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C 0 L L tC T \0 M U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics September 1982 Js <R • 5 / 5/33 1 9 1, 9 8 0 Bulletin 2133 „ , , ^ n v a o tn e rV 0ayt0pubUc Library C o' O c c u p a tio n a l E m p lo y m e n t in M a n u fa c tu rin g in d u stries U.S. Department of Labor Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner September 1982 Bulletin 2133 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.O. 20402 - Price $5.50 Prefae® This bulletin provides data from a 1980 survey of occupational employment in manufacturing industries. Earlier surveys of manufacturing industries were con ducted in 1971, 1974, and 1977. Results of the 1977 sur vey were published in Bulletin 2057, Occupational Em ployment in Manufacturing Industries, 1977. The nonmanufacturing sector was surveyed in 1978 and 1979. Results were published for the mining; con struction; finance, insurance, and real estate; and selected services industries in Bulletin 2088, Occupa tional Employment in Selected Nonmanufacturing In dustries. Data for other nonmanufacturing industries were published in Bulletin 2116, Occupational Employ ment in Transportation, Communications, Utilities, and Trade. These periodic surveys are part of a Federal-State cooperative program of occupational employment sta tistics (OES). The OES program also includes prepa ration of the National Industry-Occupational Matrix—a set of tables showing employment cross-classified by occupation and industry for the Nation. The OES program provides information for many data users, including individuals and organizations en gaged in planning vocational educational programs, training programs supported by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, and higher education. OES data also are used to prepare information for ca reer counseling, for job placement activities performed at State employment security offices, and for personnel planning and market research conducted by private enterprises. This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employ ment Structure and Trends, Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, by Wanda L. Bland and Barbara L. Keitt under the direction of Linda P. Hardy. John Shew and Warren Macurdy provided data proc essing support. Material in the publication is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced with out permission. in . if © © E ra fe m ts Page Introduction.................................................................................................................................... The manufacturing se c to r............................................................................................................. 1 3 Industry divisions Food and kindred products........................................................................................................... Tobacco products........................................................................................................................... Textile mill products....................................................................................................................... Apparel and other textile products................................................................................................ Lumber and wood products, except fu rn itu re.............................................................................. Furniture and fixtures..................................................................................................................... Paper and allied products.............................................................................................................. Printing and publishing................................................................................................................. Chemicals and allied products........................................................................................................ Petroleum refining and related industries...................................................................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ................................................ ............................... Leather and leather products............................................................... Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products............... Primary metal products................................................................................................................. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment............................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment.......................................................... Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies...................................................... Transportation equipment............................................................................................................. Instruments and related products............... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ................... 6 10 13 18 22 26 30 35 39 43 47 51 55 60 65 69 73 77 81 85 Tables: 1. Employment in manufacturing industries, 1980................................................................. 3 2. Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1980 ............... 4 3. Percent distribution of employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group,1980 ....................................................................................................................... 4 Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations: 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Food and kindred products, June 1980............................................................................... Tobacco products, April 1980 ............................................................................................ Textile mill products, April 1980 ........................................................................................ Apparel and other textile products, May 1980 ................................................................... Lumber and wood products, except furniture, May 1980.................................................. Furniture and fixtures, June 1980 ...................................................................................... Paper and allied products, April 1980 ................................................................................ Printing and publishing, May 1980 .................................................................................... Chemicals and allied products, June 1980 ......................................................................... v 7 11 14 19 23 27 31 36 40 Contents—Continued Page 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Petroleum refining and related industries, May 1980 ........................................................ Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products, June 1980 .............. Leather and leather products, April 1980 ........................................................................ Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products, May 1980......................................................... Primary metal products, April 1980 .................................................................................. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment, June 1980 .......................................................................................................................... Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment, June 1980 ........................... Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies, June 1980 ....................... Transportation equipment, June 1980...................................... Instruments and related products, April 1980 .......................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries, May 1980 .......................................................... 44 48 52 56 61 66 70 74 78 82 86 Appendixes: A. Survey methods and reliability of estimates....................................................................... 89 B. OES survey data available from State agencies ................................................................ 92 vi Introduction @©©ypiifil®[nisi0 aimed industrial elassifteatton The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) sur vey is designed to collect data on occupational employ ment of wage and salary workers by industry in nonagricultural establishments. The Bureau of Labor Sta tistics provides the procedures and technical assistance for the survey, State employment security agencies col lect the data, and the Employment and Training Ad ministration provides administrative support. In 1980, 49 States and the District of Columbia participated in the survey compared with 43 States in 1977, 29 States in 1974, and 16 in 1971. BLS conducted a supplemen tal survey in 1980, with the financial aid of the National Science Foundation, to collect data in the nonparticipat ing State and to develop national estimates. This bulletin presents national data only. Data on oc cupational employment in each participating State are available from the State employment security agencies (appendix B). The OES classification system combines two widely used systems—the Dictionary o f Occupational Titles (DOT) and the system used for the 1970 Census of Population. Occupational titles and descriptions in the survey are based primarily on the Dictionary o f Occu pational Titles.' The DOT was used to develop the defi nitions of occupations because it is the most detailed classification available. Summary categories and re sidual groups generally follow the categories used in the 1970 Census. ‘Crosswalks’ have been developed be tween the two systems so that users may integrate OES data with data from sources using the Census classification. The industrial classification system is that described in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classifi cation Manual,2 whereby reporting establishments are classified into industries on the basis of major product or activity. C®fiT)©@ptis Survey pr©©@d!ur®s An establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services. Generally, it is at a single physical location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single physical location en compasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments if separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met. Employment includes full- and part-time workers; workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences (i.e., illness, bad weather, temporary layoff, jury duty); salaried officers, executives, and staff of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom that unit is their permanent (home) duty station, regardless of whether the unit prepares their paycheck. Excluded from coverage are proprietors (owners and partners of unincorporated firms), self-employed, un paid family workers, and workers on extended leave (i.e., pensioners and members of the Armed Forces). Occupation refers to the occupation in which employ ees are working rather than the occupation for which The survey is conducted over a 3-year cycle; manu facturing industries are surveyed in one year and non manufacturing industries in the other two years. Data are collected from a sample of establishments primarily by mail; telephone followups and personal visits are made when an establishment response is critical to the survey. The survey is based on a probability sample, stratified by industry and size of employment, designed to represent the total or “universe” of establishments covered by the survey. Data are requested for the pay period including the 12th of the reference month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employ ment data. The reference month for the 1980 survey was April, May, or June (appendix A). For the 1980 survey, 20 separate questionnaires were used, each having detailed occupations related specifi cally to a particular industry’s activity. For example, “pattern cutter” was surveyed in only one industry—ap parel and other textile products. Cross-industry esti mates, therefore, cannot be developed for most detailed occupations because not all detailed occupations were included on every survey questionnaire. This bulletin presents cross-industry data for major occupational groups. 1Dictionary of Occupational Titles, fourth edition (U.S. Employment Service, U.S. Department of Labor, 1977.) 1Standard Industrial Classification Manual (Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, 1972), as amended in Supplement, 1977. 1 Date presented following headings: Employment, percent of total em ployment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting the occupation. Employment is based upon survey results adjusted to reflect total industry employment. The percent of total employment refers to total employment in the industry. Relative error measures the level of confidence to be placed on each estimate. The percent of establishments reporting a particular occupation indicates the fre quency of occurrence of the occupation. Occupations with fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are not shown separately but are included in the appropriate residual categories. Employment is rounded to the nearest ten. The rela tive error and the percent of respondents reporting the occupation are rounded to the nearest whole percent. The percent of total employment was computed from rounded employment data. This bulletin presents occupational employment for all manufacturing industries combined and for all ma jor industry groups (2-digit SIC level) within manufac turing.3 Data are presented for each industry under the 3Additional occupational employment data at the more detailed 3-digit SIC level are available upon request from the Office of Em ployment Structure and Trends. Definitions for all occupations sur veyed are also available upon request. they may have been trained. For example, an employee trained as an engineer but working as a drafter is re ported as a drafter. Working supervisors (those spending 20 percent or more of their time at work similar to that done by workers under their supervision) are reported in the occupation most closely related to their work. Part-time workers, learners, and apprentices are re ported in the occupation in which they ordinarily work. Multiple jobholders (employees who perform the du ties of two or more occupations in an establishment) are reported in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill or in the occupation where the most time is spent if there is no measurable difference in skill requirements. A more detailed statement describing the survey is presented in appendix A. 2 The Manufacturing Seetoir In 1980, approximately 20.2 million workers were employed in the manufacturing sector, accounting for about 22 percent of all nonagricultural wage and salary workers in the Nation. As shown in table 1, three-fifths of these workers were employed in manufacturing durable goods. Rep resenting more than half of durable goods employment were the machinery, electrical and electronic equip ment, and transportation equipment industries. Among the nondurable goods industries, the largest were food and kindred products, apparel and other textile prod ucts, and printing and publishing, together accounting for over half of nondurable goods employment. Workers were classified by occupation into seven major groups: Managers and officers; professional workers; technical workers; service workers; produc tion, maintenance, construction, repair, material han dling, and powerplant workers; clerical workers; and sales workers. Tables 2 and 3 present the distribution of employment in the various industries surveyed. The following section discusses these seven occupa tional groups and their distribution among the surveyed industries. Subsequent sections deal with the industry segments within manufacturing and discuss employ ment in each by major occupational group. These sec tions also present occupational employment data by in dustry segment (two-digit SIC). Managers and officers Persons holding positions as managers and officers are primarily concerned with the policymaking, plan ning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling ac tivities common to many types of organizations. These persons may also engage in the same activities as the workers they supervise. Occupations included in this group are plant, office, and sales managers, and cor porate officers such as president, secretary, and treasurer. In 1980, managers and officers numbered more than 1.3 million, representing nearly 7 percent of total em ployment in the manufacturing sector. The durable goods segment employed three-fifths of the workers in this occupational group. The largest concentrations of managers and officers were found in the machinery and electrical and electronic equipment industries. Table 1. Employment in manufacturing industries, 1980 Employment Percent of total manufacturing employment Total............................................................. 20,227,810 100.0 Durable goods industries, total ............................. Lumber and wood products, except furniture .... Furniture and fixtures .......................................... Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products......... Primary metal products....................................... Fabricated metal products.................................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment ...................................................... Electrical and electronic machinery.................... Transportation equipment................................... Instruments and related products....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries............ 12,107,340 657,270 455,830 665,630 1,205,100 1,579,960 59.9 3.2 2.3 3.3 6.0 7.8 2,497,290 2,079,640 1,835,070 709,760 421,790 12.3 10.3 9.1 3.5 2.1 Nondurable goods industries, to ta l........................ Food and kindred products ................................ Tobacco products............................................... Textile mill products............................................. Apparel and other textile products..................... Paper and allied products................................... Printing and publishing........................................ Chemicals and allied products............................ Petroleum refining and related industries.......... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .... Leather and leather products.............................. 8,120,470 1,694,830 63,600 870,780 1,271,360 698,910 1,254,300 1,116,820 202,690 710,990 236,190 40.1 8.4 .3 4.3 6.3 3.5 6.2 5.5 1.0 3.5 1.2 Industry 3 Table 2. Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1980 Industry Managers and officers Professional workers Technical workers Service work ers Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers Clerical work ers Sales workers All manufacturing ........................ 1,328,160 1,404,080 594,270 373,150 13,767,040 2,322,400 438,710 Food and kindred products............... Tobacco products.............................. Textile mill products........................... Apparel and other textile products.... Lumber and wood products, except furniture......................................... Furniture and fixtures......................... Paper and allied products ................. Printing and publishing....................... Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries....................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................................ Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products........................................ Primary metal products...................... Fabricated metal products................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment............. Electrical and electronic machinery ... Transportation equipment.................. Instruments and related products ..... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries....................................... 107,750 3,780 31,980 45,820 45,360 2,380 14,710 15,500 12,000 1,220 7,750 2,250 52,000 2,230 19,110 15,290 1,241,080 46,270 713,410 1,057,890 169,730 6,960 76,780 116,190 66,910 760 7,040 18,420 41,070 24,300 37,340 126,830 110,000 9,890 10,200 30,190 124,270 137,650 5,090 3,610 10,500 12,620 58,990 13,520 8,510 11,570 20,980 24,700 534,720 348,250 519,530 612,420 587,520 41,920 50,490 73,240 264,290 162,670 11,060 10,470 16,540 92,890 35,290 14,790 19,030 6,290 3,080 127,290 23,040 9,170 45,860 9,130 28,880 3,390 12,190 720 11,420 3,030 534,150 190,440 67,470 24,640 11,020 4,840 48,720 47,550 103,670 20,930 46,350 67,110 9,580 22,320 33,650 9,520 23,540 25,750 503,440 956,430 1,164,180 60,130 98,230 154,800 13,310 10,680 30,800 195,830 133,520 106,320 61,500 234,740 255,880 240,400 82,460 134,550 129,720 72,110 52,840 39,900 29,310 40,480 12,130 1,515,640 1,254,920 1,188,110 381,320 332,490 255,900 178,180 105,970 44,140 20,390 9,470 13,540 32,400 14,760 6,270 7,080 290,030 59,280 11,970 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, mat erial handling, and powerplant workers Clerical workers Sales work ers Table 3. Percent distribution of employment in manufacturing industries by ma or occupational group, 1980 Industry All occupations Managers and officers Professional workers Technical workers Service workers All manufacturing ........................ 100.0 6.6 6.9 2.9 1.8 68.1 11.5 2.2 Food and kindred products............... Tobacco products.............................. Textile mill products........................... Apparel and other textile products.... Lumber and wood products, except furniture......................................... Furniture and fixtures......................... Paper and allied products ................. Printing and publishing....................... Chemicals and allied products.......... Petroleum refining and related industries....................................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................................ Leather and leather products............ Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products........................................ Primary metal products...................... Fabricated metal products................. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment............. Electrical and electronic machinery ... Transportation equipment.................. Instruments and related products ..... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.4 5.9 3.7 3.6 2.7 3.7 1.7 1.2 .7 1.9 .9 .2 3.1 3.5 2.2 1.2 73.2 72.8 81.9 83.2 10.0 10.9 8.8 9.1 3.9 1.2 .8 1.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.2 5.3 5.3 10.1 9.8 1.5 2.2 4.3 9.9 12.3 .8 .8 1.5 1.0 5.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.2 81.4 76.4 74.3 48.8 52.6 6.4 11.1 10.5 21.1 14.6 1.7 2.3 2.4 7.4 3.2 100.0 7.3 9.4 3.1 1.5 62.8 11.4 4.5 100.0 100.0 6.5 3.9 4.1 1.4 1.7 .3 1.6 1.3 75.1 80.6 9.5 10.4 1.5 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.3 3.9 6.6 3.1 3.8 4.2 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.6 75.6 79.4 73.7 9.0 8.2 9.8 2.0 .9 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.8 6.4 5.8 8.7 9.4 12.3 13.1 11.6 5.4 6.2 3.9 7.4 1.6 1.4 2.2 1.7 60.7 60.3 64.7 53.7 13.3 12.3 9.7 14.9 1.8 1.0 .5 1.9 100.0 7.7 3.5 1.5 1.7 68.8 14.1 2.8 4 Professional workers workers performing machine and manual tasks involv ing production, maintenance, construction, repair, ma terial handling, and powerplant operations. This occupational group, the largest of the seven ma jor groups in the manufacturing sector, included ap proximately 14 million workers, representing 68 per cent of total manufacturing employment in 1980. Nearly three-fifths of the workers in this occupational group were in durable goods industries. The largest concen trations of production and related workers were found in the machinery and electrical and electronic equip ment industries, but they made up by far the largest proportion of workers in every industry surveyed. Persons employed in professional positions usually deal with the theoretical or practical aspects of fields such as science, engineering, technical work, art, edu cation, medicine, law, and business relations. Most of these occupations require substantial educational prepa ration, usually at the university level. Professional workers numbered 1.4 million in 1980, representing 7 percent of total employment in the manu facturing sector. The durable goods segment employed 70 percent of the workers in this occupational group. Professional workers were concentrated in the electrical and electronic equipment and transportation equipment industries. CterteaS workers Persons employed in this occupational group are ei ther office clerical workers or plant clerical workers. Office clerical workers are involved in preparing, tran scribing, transferring, systematizing, and preserving written communications and records, as well as collect ing accounts and distributing information. Plant cleri cal workers plan, coordinate, or expedite production and the flow of work. These workers are also involved in the clerical aspects of receiving, storing, issuing, or shipping of materials, merchandise, supplies, or equipment. Clerical workers ranked second among the seven ma jor occupational groups with 2.3 million workers, or 12 percent of total employment in the manufacturing sector in 1980. The durable goods segment employed 58 percent of the workers in this occupational group. The largest concentrations of clerical workers were found in the machinery (except electrical and transpor tation equipment) and printing and publishing industries. TeshoseaS workers Technical occupations require knowledge of funda mental scientific, engineering, mathematical, computer programming, or draft design principles. This knowl edge is acquired through study at technical schools and junior colleges, through other formal post-high school training less extensive than a 4-year college course, or through equivalent on-the-job training or experience. In 1980, technical workers numbered nearly 600,000 or 3 percent of total employment in the manufacturing sector. Almost four-fifths of the workers in this occu pational group were employed in durable goods indus tries. The largest concentrations of technical workers were found in the machinery and electrical and elec tronic equipment industries. Serviie® workers Persons employed in this occupational group perform services for individuals or establishments. Service workers protect individuals and property, prepare and serve food and beverages, and clean interiors and equip ment of buildings, offices, stores, and similar places. In 1980, service workers numbered almost 400,000, representing 2 percent of total employment in the manu facturing sector. The durable goods segment employed 56 percent of the workers in this occupational group. Service workers were concentrated in the food and kin dred products and transportation equipment industries. Sates workers Sales workers include sales representatives and sales clerks. Sales representatives (also called sales agents or sales associates) require specific knowledge of the com modity or service being sold. Sales clerks sell any of a large variety of goods or services and usually only re quire familiarity with the pricing of those goods and services. In 1980, sales workers numbered approximately 439,000, representing 2 percent of total employment in the manufacturing sector. The nondurable goods seg ment employed three-fifths of the workers in this oc cupational group. Sales workers were concentrated in the printing and publishing and food and kindred prod ucts industries. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerpSant workers Persons employed in this occupational group, referred to hereafter in the text as production and related workers, include all skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled 5 Food and Kindred Products Establishments which manufacture or process foods, beverages, and certain related items for human con sumption employed 1.7 million workers, accounting for 8 percent of manufacturing and one-fifth of nondurable goods employment in 1980. The three largest employers of these workers were: Establishments processing and packing meat, pork, poultry, and eggs, with 21 percent of industry employment; establishments manufacturing beverages, 14 percent; and establishments canning and preserving fruits and vegetables, also with 14 percent. As shown in table 4, the 1.2 million production and related workers in the food and kindred products in dustry accounted for nearly three-fourths of total in dustry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 10 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 6 percent; sales workers, 4 percent; service workers and professionals, 3 percent each; and technical workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufacturing food and kindred products are listed in the tabula tion below. These jobs, which are all production occupations, made up one-fourth of total industry employment. Production packager, hand or machine...... Delivery and/or route worker....................... Cannery w o rker............................................ Poultry worker and/or eviscerator.............. Supervisor, nonworking ............................... 6 Employment Percent o f industry employment 164,240 110,250 56,420 50,330 48,550 9.7 6.5 3.3 3.0 2.9 Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 20) Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 T ota l........................................................................... 1,694,830 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 107,750 6.36 n.a. 90 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................ Chem ist.................................................................. Biological scientist ................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 45,360 8,970 620 2,500 4,510 1,340 6,040 1,530 870 2,280 5,850 11,040 1,120 3,670 3,990 2.68 .53 .04 .15 .27 .08 .36 .09 .05 .13 .35 .65 .07 .22 .24 n.a. n.a. 10 4 4 n.a. 5 6 14 10 2 3 3 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 8 14 n.a. 12 4 1 5 20 26 4 13 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ All other engineering technicians...................... Biological science technician ................................ All other science technicians ................................ All other technicians.............................................. 12,00C 2,110 2,180 920 1,260 2,830 2,420 2,460 .71 .12 .13 .05 .07 .17 .14 .15 n.a. 4 n.a. 6 n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 3 n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 52,000 36,390 5,160 4,510 2,290 3,650 3.07 2.15 .30 .27 .14 .22 n.a. 2 3 10 5 n.a. n.a. 40 8 3 6 n.a. 1,241,080 52,660 12,350 27,840 73.23 3.11 .73 1.64 n.a. n.a. 2 2 n.a. n.a. 21 20 3,330 .20 4 7 5,280 3,860 40,380 2,120 10,290 530 110,250 .31 .23 2.38 .13 .61 .03 6.51 3 n.a. 2 6 4 9 1 7 n.a. 35 5 12 1 42 2,510 7,420 48,550 36,520 10,200 1,240 7,240 32,130 8,490 23,490 2,250 2,370 19,390 7,370 .15 .44 2.86 2.15 .60 .07 .43 1.90 .50 1.39 .13 .14 1.14 .43 7 3 2 2 6 6 5 2 6 2 7 6 3 3 2 13 36 28 10 3 9 38 8 28 2 5 18 8 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Cook and/or cooker.............................................. Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Extractor operator and/or extractor plant operator............................................................. Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... M ixer....................................................................... Millwright................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Oven operator........................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 7 - Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 20) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Drier operator ......................................................... Baker ...................................................................... Baker helper........................................................... Barley steeper and/or malt house operator......... Blanching machine operator.................................. Boner, m ea t............................................................ Boner, poultry......................................................... Butcher, all-around................................................ Buttermaker ............................................................ Candy maker .......................................................... Carbonation equipment tender, beer..................... Carcass splitter....................................................... Casing finisher and/or stuffer ............................... Cheesemaker.......................................................... Cheesemaker helper .............................................. Chicken cutter ........................................................ Cooler room worker, m eat..................................... Cooling machine operator...................................... Dairy processing equipment operator................... Decorator, bakery products................................... Dehairing machine tender...................................... Dividing machine operator and/or dough brake machine operator.............................................. Dry curer ................................................................. Feed pellet mill operator........................................ Flavor room worker and/or freezer operator........ Grain receiver......................................................... Icemaker................................................................. Ingredient scaler..................................................... Loader, malt house................................................ Meat grinder ........................................................... M iller....................................................................... Novelty worker ....................................................... Pasteurizer, margarine............................................ Poultry dresser and/or eviscerator........................ Presser and/or expeller operator......................... Press operator, m eat............................................. Pumper................................................................... Raw cheese worker............................................... Refinery operator................................................... Retort operator....................................................... Rolling machine operator....................................... Shactor................................................................... Shellfish processing machine te n de r.................... Shellfish shucker.................................................... Skin peeling machine operator............................. Skinner, animal....................................................... Sm oker................................................................... Spinner, confection................................................ Sticker..................................................................... Stunner................................................................... Sugar boiler ............................................................ Tester ..................................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Cutting machine operator, food ............................ Farm equipment operator...................................... Enrobing machine operator and/or machine icer . Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,930 1,910 164,240 950 2,640 2,670 2,360 3,910 8,990 15,230 670 330 12,510 11,500 21,550 400 3,260 390 4,800 4,440 2,770 5,680 12,600 6,960 530 11,500 1,390 610 0.11 .11 9.69 .06 .16 .16 .14 .23 .53 .90 .04 .02 .74 .68 1.27 .02 .19 .02 .28 .26 .16 .34 .74 .41 .03 .68 .08 .04 4 7 2 8 4 4 5 5 6 5 15 14 5 9 6 13 8 16 7 8 5 6 8 6 11 3 11 10 6 3 46 2 5 4 4 4 5 5 (3) 1 5 1 6 1 2 (3) 4 4 4 3 2 4 1 9 1 1 4,900 1,220 3,140 2,780 1,920 480 2,310 510 4,190 4,840 1,740 260 50,330 980 1,400 1,480 2,790 1,950 1,300 1,310 350 1,920 5,260 1,010 4,610 1,850 580 670 1,140 920 10,170 4,500 8,680 4,150 1,790 .29 .07 .19 .16 .11 .03 .14 .03 .25 .29 .10 .02 2.97 .06 .08 .09 .16 .12 .08 .08 .02 .11 .31 .06 .27 .11 .03 .04 .07 .05 .60 .27 .51 .24 .11 4 11 6 5 6 23 5 15 6 5 9 13 2 10 8 8 13 10 6 15 28 16 12 8 7 7 14 6 6 8 3 6 4 10 10 5 1 5 3 3 (3) 4 (3) 5 6 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 (3) 1 1 2 4 3 (3) 2 4 1 17 4 9 2 2 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 8 Table 4. Food and kindred products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 20) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Baling machine operator........................................ Linter machine tender ............................................ Bodymaker operator, tin c a n ................................. Fish cleaner, hand and/or fish butcher................ Fermentation operator............................................ Still operator........................................................... Cannery worker...................................................... Weigher, production............................................... Food shaper, hand ................................................ Depositor, fo o d ....................................................... Pickier, fo o d ............................................................ Washer and/or separator, food ............................ Grader, food and/or skins..................................... Equipment cleaner, hand....................................... Filter and/or filter press operator.......................... Pump operator........................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 400 380 410 6,830 1,760 320 56,420 7,860 3,450 3,100 1,190 9,210 7,310 20,980 1,300 1,270 11,120 63,960 174,260 0.02 .02 .02 .40 .10 .02 3.33 .46 .20 .18 .07 .54 .43 1.24 .08 .07 .66 3.77 10.28 14 18 26 9 10 16 3 13 9 8 12 8 8 3 8 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 (3) (3) 2 1 (3) 6 6 3 3 2 6 4 15 2 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d .............................................. Cashier................................................................ File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... 169,730 118,000 2,110 3,640 4,410 1,190 1,040 16,120 8,740 2,040 1,620 22,700 5,540 4,900 2,600 1,650 1,180 20,230 1,690 880 3,180 3,240 5,470 3,830 51,730 4,050 20,580 13,110 2,620 10.01 6.96 .12 .21 .26 .07 .06 .95 .52 .12 .10 1.34 .33 .29 .15 .10 .07 1.19 .10 .05 .19 .19 .32 .23 3.05 .24 1.21 .77 .15 n.a. n.a. 3 2 3 n.a. 7 2 2 6 5 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 5 4 2 4 6 n.a. n.a. 5 4 2 5 n.a. n.a. 7 12 10 n.a. 3 29 30 5 5 38 15 22 11 7 6 38 5 5 18 8 12 n.a. n.a. 9 18 29 6 9,130 2,240 .54 .13 3 n.a. 18 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 66,910 44,950 21,960 3.95 2.65 1.30 n.a. 2 3 n.a. 37 16 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. n.a. Not available. 9 T©ba<§©@ Prodyet® ice workers, 4 percent each; technical workers, 2 per cent; and sales workers, only 1 percent of total indus try employment. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing tobacco products are listed below. These produc tion occupations made up more than one-fourth of to tal industry employment. The manufacture of tobacco products employed 63,600 workers in 1980, or only 0.3 percent of manu facturing and nearly 1 percent of nondurable goods em ployment. Most workers were employed either in es tablishments manufacturing cigarettes, which accounted for 72 percent of industry employment, or in establish ments manufacturing cigars, with 12 percent. The industry’s 46,270 production and related workers accounted for 73 percent of total industry employment (table 5). Clerical workers ranked second with 11 per cent. Four-fifths of these were office clerical workers. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 6 percent; professional and serv Production packager, hand or machine.... Cigarette making machine operator........... Supervisor, nonworking ............................. Machine adjuster, tobacco production...... Inspector..................................................... 10 Employment Percent o f industry employment 6,700 4,060 3,140 2,450 2,130 10.5 6.4 4.9 3.9 3.3 Table 5. Tobacco products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 (SIC 21) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l.......................................................................... 63,600 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 3,780 5.94 n.a. 93 Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ..................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer......................................... All other engineers............................................ Chemist .................................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 2,380 360 100 180 80 250 160 450 450 90 200 420 3.74 .57 .16 .28 .13 .39 .25 .71 .71 .14 .31 .66 n.a. n.a. 17 16 n.a. 22 20 19 13 10 13 n.a. n.a. n.a. 16 22 n.a. 10 10 32 34 19 20 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians ................ All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 1,220 60 640 130 230 280 320 200 1.92 .09 1.01 .20 .36 .44 .50 .31 n.a. 11 n.a. 17 18 n.a. 26 n.a. n.a. 14 n.a. 10 15 n.a. 7 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 2,230 1,370 560 80 220 3.51 2.15 .88 .13 .35 n.a. 12 13 17 n.a. n.a. 46 27 9 n.a. 46,270 4,190 70 1,350 72.75 6.59 .11 2.12 n.a. n.a. 12 21 n.a. n.a. 16 25 110 2,450 210 390 140 120 520 3,140 1,270 2,130 60 290 730 250 230 240 90 260 160 70 280 6,700 190 220 100 250 80 250 .17 3.85 .33 .61 .22 .19 .82 4.94 2.00 3.35 .09 .46 1.15 .39 .36 .38 .14 .41 .25 .11 .44 10.53 .30 .35 .16 .39 .13 .39 12 14 16 23 16 15 12 12 17 21 20 26 13 8 39 15 22 11 18 18 14 11 14 13 16 16 16 14 8 25 12 29 14 16 30 46 35 18 7 23 21 35 10 23 6 22 10 7 16 43 10 21 8 16 13 26 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Machine adjuster, tobacco production ............. Cooper, hogshead............................................. Truck driver............................................................ Carpenter ............................................................... Cook and/or cooker.............................................. Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Leaf conditioner and/or caser .............................. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... M ixer....................................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r.............................................................. Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Sorter, selector and/or grader, tobacco............... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Drier operator......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 11 - Table 5. Tobacco products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 21) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Bunch maker, machine ......................................... Casing machine operator....................................... Cigarette filter making machine operator ............. Cigarette making machine operator...................... Making machine catcher........................................ Ordering machine operator.................................... Picker...................................................................... Shaker .................................................................... Stemmer, hand....................................................... Stemmer, machine................................................. Tester ..................................................................... Wrapper layer......................................................... Cutter and/or grinder operator, tobacco .............. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Feeder catcher, tobacco........................................ Cigar maker, hand ................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 330 110 710 4,060 1,000 60 470 130 180 390 490 1,410 260 120 150 310 490 2,970 10,280 0.52 .17 1.12 6.38 1.57 .09 .74 .20 .28 .61 .77 2.22 .41 .19 .24 .49 .77 4.67 16.16 17 15 14 18 19 13 15 18 37 9 34 7 11 25 18 27 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11 15 7 9 8 15 24 9 4 18 24 18 22 6 13 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers......................... 6,960 5,550 100 150 120 90 170 400 120 110 1,110 190 290 110 80 60 1,070 80 270 300 730 1,410 500 180 280 80 10.94 8.73 .16 .24 .19 .14 .27 .63 .19 .17 1.75 .30 .46 .17 .13 .09 1.68 .13 .42 .47 1.15 2.22 .79 .28 .44 .13 n.a. n.a. 17 17 11 n.a. 24 9 11 17 14 15 11 9 25 23 16 9 13 14 n.a. n.a. 31 13 11 12 n.a. n.a. 15 22 18 n.a. 15 31 29 11 45 18 42 24 15 10 45 29 21 21 n.a. n.a. 14 27 32 17 240 130 .38 .20 10 n.a. 29 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... All other sales workers .......................................... 760 750 10 1.19 1.18 .02 n.a. 17 n.a. n.a. 27 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 12 Textile Mill Products Establishments in this industry perform any of the following operations: (1) Preparing fiber and subse quently manufacturing yarn, thread, braids, twine, and cordage; (2) manufacturing broad woven fabric, nar row woven fabric, knit fabric, and carpets and rugs from yarn; (3) dying and finishing fiber, yarn, fabric, and knit apparel; (4) coating, waterproofing, or other wise treating fabric; (5) the integrated manufacture of knit apparel and other finished articles from yarn; and (6) the manufacture of felt goods, lace goods, nonwoven fabrics, and miscellaneous textiles. These establishments employed 870,780 workers, accounting for 4 percent of manufacturing and 10 percent of nondurable goods em ployment in 1980. The three largest employers of these workers were: Knitting mills, with 26 percent of indus try employment; cotton broad woven fabric mills, with 17 percent; and yarn and thread mills, with 15 percent. As shown in table 6, the 713,410 production and re lated workers in the textile mill products industry ac counted for more than four-fifths of total industry em ployment. Clerical workers made up 9 percent. Three-fifths of these were office clerical workers. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Man agers and officers, 4 percent; service workers and pro fessionals, 2 percent each; and technical and sales workers, 1 percent each. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing textile mill products are listed in the tabulation below: Sewing machine operator, regular equipment-garment............................... Weaver................................................... Supervisor, nonworking ......................... Spinner, frame ....................................... Inspector................................................. 13 Employment Percent o f industry employment 43,750 33,660 29,820 28,970 26,730 5.0 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.1 Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 (SIC 22) Occupation T ota l........................................................................... Percent of total employment Employment’ 100.00 870,780 Relative error (in percentage)2 - Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 95 Managers and officers.............................................. 31,980 3.67 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ,.................. ................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Chemist ................................ .................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer..................................... ............................ All other professional workers............................... 14,710 4,120 '2,120 1,170 830 800 110 1,140 1,210 2,950 630 1,740 1,240 770 1.69 .47 .24 .13 .10 .09 .01 .13 .14 .34 .07 .20 .14 .09 n.a. n.a. 3 4 n.a. 6 22 9 5 4 3 2 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 21 13 n.a. 9 1 7 19 29 12 24 10 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians ......................................... Colorist ................................................................... All other science technicians ................................ All other technicians............................................... 7,750 960 1,080 1,650 2,720 1,340 .89 .11 .12 .19 .31 .15 n.a. 6 5 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 9 15 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 19,110 11,340 3,330 190 1,160 3,090 2.19 1.30 .38 .02 .13 .35 n.a. 4 3 11 9 n.a. n.a. 51 18 1 6 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Knitting machine fix e r........................................ Loom fixer .......................................................... Section repairer and setter ............................... Mechanic, sewing machine............................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Presser, hand ......................................................... Presser, machine ................................................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Drawer-in, hand ..................................................... Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Instructor, apparel and textile machines............... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ 713,410 53,660 490 9,560 8,770 16,070 13,060 1,480 4,230 670 990 3,400 1,170 200 350 1,600 4,370 29,820 9,060 26,730 1,730 3,360 10,270 6,160 1,180 2,440 3,970 590 730 15,980 81.93 6.16 .06 1.10 1.01 1.85 1.50 .17 .49 .08 .11 .39 .13 .02 .04 .18 .50 3.42 1.04 3.07 .20 .39 1.18 .71 .14 .28 .46 .07 .08 1.84 n.a. n.a. 10 4 4 3 5 5 n.a. 12 12 4 4 13 15 5 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 5 7 3 6 5 6 4 n.a. n.a. 4 27 18 19 15 10 n.a. 3 4 22 13 1 3 9 29 54 27 43 10 20 41 13 6 17 15 8 8 33 See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 22) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Spooler operator, automatic.................................. Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... W eaver................................................................... Ager operator ......................................................... Back tender, cloth printing..................................... Battery loader......................................................... Beam-dyer operators and/or package-dyeingmachine operators............................................ Beam warper tenders, automatic and/or beamers Bleach-range operator and/or knit-goods bleacher ............................................................ Blending machine operator.................................... Boarding machine operator, hosiery ..................... Bobbin sorter.......................................................... Bobbin winders, machine or sewing machine....... Boil-off machine operator, clo th ........................... Braiding machine operator..................................... B urler...................................................................... Calender operator, cloth pressing ......................... Calendering machine operator, knit goods tubing . Card grinder............................................................ Card tenders, comber tenders, and/or card strippers............................................................. Drawing frame tenders and/or gill box tenders.... Cloth feeders and/or back tenders....................... Cloth finishing range tender, middle...................... Cloth finishing range operator, c h ie f..................... Cloth printer............................................................ Cloth shrinking machine operator.......................... Cloth trimmers, machine and/or shearing machine operators............................................ Cloth or carpet winder............................................ Coating machine operator ..................................... Creeler, yarn ........................................................... Cutter, portable machine........................................ Doffer...................................................................... Drawing-in machine tender................................... Dresser tender........................................................ Dye range operator and spiral dye beck tender.... Dye reel operator, jigger, and/or padding machine operator............................................. Dye tank tender, nets; warp dyeing vat tender; and/or knit goods yarn dyer, v a t..................... Dye tub operator, random dyer, and/or spot dyeing and winding machine operator............ Hand sewer............................................................. Harness builders, loom changers and/or loom starters .............................................................. Harness placer....................................................... Knitter, full-fashioned garment ............................. Knitting machine operator...................................... Laminating machine operator and/or spreader machine tender ................................................ Link and link knitting machine operator................ Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 43,750 5.02 2 14 5,570 .64 12 8 14,570 1.67 7 13 5,700 6,810 1,110 310 510 33,660 370 1,370 6,630 .65 .78 .13 .04 .06 3.87 .04 .16 .76 9 5 5 9 4 3 14 14 5 8 8 8 2 9 21 1 2 6 1,660 6,360 .19 .73 8 5 5 18 2,020 2,430 4,880 890 2,990 570 2,380 3,500 1,290 1,010 1,330 .23 .28 .56 .10 .34 .07 .27 .40 .15 .12 .15 13 5 8 9 9 12 8 11 7 10 6 4 8 4 4 5 2 3 6 5 3 8 9,360 7,170 4,390 1,700 2,190 1,220 760 1.07 .82 .50 .20 .25 .14 .09 3 3 7 10 7 12 8 19 14 10 3 5 3 3 2,760 2,300 2,650 13,770 3,550 18,620 1,150 860 4,060 .32 .26 .30 1.58 .41 2.14 .13 .10 .47 9 8 10 4 8 3 7 9 8 9 6 5 21 14 22 6 3 9 2,880 .33 8 5 990 .11 10 3 2,780 430 .32 .05 8 18 6 2 1,700 2,480 980 20,270 .20 .28 .11 2.33 8 5 18 4 7 6 1 21 1,120 230 .13 .03 12 21 3 1 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 15 Tab!® 6= Textile m l pr@dly©t@: Employment, relafiSv® error, ©rad) pereeot ®1f ®@HalM5slftm®inift@ reportiing seieetedl ©eeupatioims, April 1l9i0=-C©inifiSiniy®dl (SIC 22) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Loom winder tender............................................... Looper .................................................................... Mender, cloth.......................................................... Mercerizer operators and/or mangle tenders...... Napper te n de r........................................................ Needle felt making machine operator and/or needle loom operator....................................... Opener tenders and/or waste machine tenders ... Picker te n de r.......................................................... Quilling machine operator, automatic or non-automatic.................................................. Rope laying machine operator.............................. Rubber covering machine operator....................... Seamless hosiery knitter........................................ Skein yarn d y e r...................................................... Slasher tender........................................................ Slubber tender........................................................ Smash hand................................................ ........... Speeder tender ...................................................... Spinner, fram e........................................................ Staple cutters and/or staple processing machine operators........................................................... Tenter frame operator............................................ T e s te r..................................................................... Threader, knit go o ds.............................................. Twister tender......................................................... Warp knitting machine operator............................ Warp tying machine te n d e r................................... Washer, synthetic fibers......................................... Winder operator, automatic................................... Texturizer and/or crimp se tte r.............................. Yarn winder............................................................. Cloth grader............................................................ Folder, hand ........................................................... Folding machine operator...................................... Cutter machine....................................................... Autoclave operator................................................ Drier operator, textiles and ru g s........................... Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d ............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,920 640 4,530 710 1,640 0.22 .07 .52 .08 .19 9 19 6 10 9 2 1 10 2 5 910 2,420 1,820 .10 .28 .21 10 5 6 2 10 8 2,050 540 950 3,970 1,050 3,840 5,100 3,070 760 28,970 .24 .06 .11 .46 .12 .44 .59 .35 .09 3.33 7 25 13 10 11 4 4 4 13 3 7 1 1 3 2 8 9 10 1 17 580 4,820 4,080 710 14,960 2,150 3,400 350 17,360 4,080 17,340 6,960 8,320 1,530 4,200 920 2,820 2,460 .07 .55 .47 .08 1.72 .25 .39 .04 1.99 .47 1.99 .80 .96 .18 .48 .11 .32 .28 18 5 5 13 4 13 4 12 4 12 4 5 7 10 6 9 5 11 1 11 20 2 17 2 13 2 19 2 18 11 8 6 12 3 10 6 5,380 6,200 37,330 62,100 .62 .71 4.29 7.13 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 19 n.a. n.a. n.a. 76,780 46,140 480 1,440 2,060 390 410 3,230 840 960 12,010 2,980 2,800 1,520 690 360 6,180 770 310 8.82 5.30 .06 .17 .24 .04 .05 .37 .10 .11 1.38 .34 .32 .17 .08 .04 .71 .09 .04 n.a. n.a. 6 4 4 n.a. 10 4 6 8 3 6 2 3 4 6 3 6 6 n.a. n.a. 6 14 13 n.a. 4 22 13 8 54 15 31 22 11 7 49 7 6 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 16 Table 6. Textile mill products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 22) Occupation Office clerical workers—Continued Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,120 2,080 3,240 2,270 30,640 4,000 11,320 6,430 800 0.13 .24 .37 .26 3.52 .46 1.30 .74 .09 2 5 5 n.a. n.a. 4 3 3 7 22 13 16 n.a. n.a. 24 48 56 6 5,230 2,860 .60 .33 3 n.a. 35 n.a. 7,040 6,290 750 .81 .72 .09 n.a. 6 10 n.a. 25 5 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 17 Appairel sunudl ©tlheir Teuton© lFr©dy©ti Establishments which manufacture apparel and tex tile house furnishings employed nearly 1.3 million workers or 6 percent of manufacturing and 16 percent of nondurable goods employment in 1980. One-third of the industry’s employees produced women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear; 29 percent produced men’s and boys’ furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments; and 13 percent manufactured miscellaneous fabricated textile products. As shown in table 7, approximately 1.1 million pro duction and related workers were employed in the manufacture of apparel and other textile products, ac counting for 83 percent of total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. Man agers and officers accounted for 4 percent; sales, pro fessional, and service workers, 1 percent each; and tech nical workers, 0.2 percent of total industry employment. The five most populous occupations in the industry are listed below. These production occupations ac counted for more than half of total industry employment. Sewing machine operator, regular equipment-garment..................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-garment.................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipment-nongarment ............................... Inspector........................................................ Supervisor, nonworking ................................ 18 Employment Percent o f industry employment 521,100 41.0 77,530 6.1 57,360 28,310 24,900 4.5 2.2 2.0 Table 7. Apparel and other textile products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980 (SIC 23) Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 T ota l........................................................................... 1,271,360 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 45,820 3.60 n.a. 89 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. Furrier..................................................................... All other professional workers............................... 15,500 2,740 2,050 380 310 650 1,850 2,260 140 1,120 5,380 680 680 1.22 .22 .16 .03 .02 .05 .15 .18 .01 .09 .42 .05 .05 n.a. n.a. 3 9 n.a. 10 5 5 7 4 6 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10 2 n.a. 2 10 9 1 7 15 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians ......................................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 2,250 990 780 250 230 .18 .08 .06 .02 .02 n.a. 7 8 18 n.a. n.a. 4 3 (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 15,290 11,310 1,500 260 1,760 460 1.20 .89 .12 .02 .14 .04 n.a. 2 5 8 7 n.a. n.a. 40 4 1 4 n.a. 1,057,890 12,200 1,390 10,110 700 22,830 21,960 2,420 340 190 760 450 24,900 1,520 28,310 3,250 710 2,470 860 170 6,950 140 13,610 83.21 .96 .11 .80 .06 1.80 1.73 .19 .03 .01 .06 .04 1.96 .12 2.23 .26 .06 .19 .07 .01 .55 .01 1.07 n.a. n.a. 5 2 n.a. 3 3 4 8 40 13 9 2 7 2 5 8 4 12 28 6 16 4 n.a. n.a. 5 30 n.a. 31 22 10 2 (3) 3 2 39 3 28 8 3 10 2 (3) 10 1 17 521,100 40.99 1 66 77,530 6.10 3 39 57,360 4.51 5 14 17,230 130 2,100 1.36 .01 .17 7 22 33 8 1 2 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Mechanic, sewing machine............................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Presser, hand ......................................................... Presser, machine ................................................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator ......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Instructor, apparel and textile machines............... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... All-around ta ilo r..................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 19 - Table 7. Apparel and other textile products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 23) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Bundler................................................................... Cap m aker.............................................................. Cloth printer............................................................ Cutter, portable machine........................................ Die cutter and/or clicking machine operator........ Draper ..................................................................... Fur cutter................................................................. Fur finisher.............................................................. Fusing machine operator....................................... Garment repairer.................................................... Hand blocker, caps and h a ts ................................ Hand sewer............................................................. Knitter, full-fashioned garment ............................. Knitting machine operator...................................... Belt maker, apparel ............................................... M illiner.................................................................... Pattern cutter.......................................................... Patternmaker .......................................................... Pleating machine operator..................................... Sample maker ........................................................ Shaper and presser............................................... Shuttler, embroidery ............................................... Slitting machine operator....................................... Spot cleaner ........................................................... Spreader................................................................. Tester ..................................................................... Thread trimmer....................................................... Work distributor...................................................... Marker .................................................................... Cutter, hand............................................................ Turner..................................................................... Folder, hand ........................................................... Folding machine operator...................................... Ultrasonic machine operator................................. Soabar operator..................................................... Gluer and/or cementer, hand ............................... Cutter machine....................................................... Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 15,400 2,890 870 11,040 2,500 800 150 230 4,770 4,560 640 10,150 160 1,150 1,500 530 1,690 3,870 1,330 7,920 5,260 1,250 1,420 1,680 13,000 1,100 19,590 15,860 4,430 10,800 9,970 17,240 2,480 310 3,580 1,650 6,770 2,010 2,090 12,700 33,060 1.21 .23 .07 .87 .20 .06 .01 .02 .38 .36 .05 .80 .01 .09 .12 .04 .13 .30 .10 .62 .41 .10 .11 .13 1.02 .09 1.54 1.25 .35 .85 .78 1.36 .20 .02 .28 .13 .53 .16 .16 1.00 2.60 3 15 15 4 5 11 38 17 9 4 8 8 45 13 16 19 7 7 16 6 7 15 6 6 3 10 3 3 4 5 3 3 9 14 4 12 5 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 29 0 1 27 7 2 (3) 1 9 13 1 12 (3) 1 1 (3) 7 12 1 15 8 1 5 8 29 3 28 25 15 23 23 17 3 1 13 2 13 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d .............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... 116,190 64,750 1,100 1,510 2,470 700 320 5,920 5,970 1,270 13,430 4,070 7,500 1,180 800 850 5,890 370 430 1,440 1,670 4,710 3,150 9.14 5.09 .09 .12 .19 .06 .03 .47 .47 .10 1.06 .32 .59 .09 .06 .07 .46 .03 .03 .11 .13 .37 .25 n.a. n.a. 7 5 5 n.a. 9 5 4 6 3 5 2 4 10 6 4 8 9 4 6 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 7 6 n.a. 2 18 26 5 31 9 35 8 4 6 23 2 3 11 6 12 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 20 Tsbl® 7. Apparel amid other textile prodtootgs Employmeinifi, relafiiw® error, amid peroemt off ©staMshmeiiifs reporting @©S©eted ©ecupatfomis, May 1980—Continued (SIC 23) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... Shade ticket marker........................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... 51,440 4,200 21,730 12,380 4.05 .33 1.71 .97 n.a. 5 3 4 n.a. 13 41 36 8,040 3,470 1,620 .63 .27 .13 4 4 n.a. 18 11 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 18,420 15,130 3,290 1.45 1.19 .26 n.a. 4 13 n.a. 20 5 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 21 Lumber and Wood Products, Furniture Logging camps; sawmills, lath mills, shingle mills, cooperage stock mills, planing mills, and plywood mills and veneer mills; and establishments manufacturing cer tain finished articles made entirely or mainly of wood or wood substitutes employed 657,270 workers or only 3 percent of manufacturing and 5 percent of durable goods employment in 1980. Sawmills and planing mills accounted for 31 percent of industry employment; es tablishments manufacturing fabricated millwork, ve neer, plywood, and structural wood members, 29 per cent; and logging camps and logging contractors, 12 percent. The 534,720 production and related workers in the lumber and wood products industry accounted for more than four-fifths of total industry employment (table 8). Clerical workers and managers and officers each ac counted for 6 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Service workers, 2 percent; sales and professional workers, nearly 2 percent each; and technical workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing lumber and wood products, except furniture, are listed in the tabulation below: Assembler....................................... Truck driver.................................................. Chain offbearer, lumber............................... Faller and/or bucker.................................... Supervisor, nonworking ............................... 22 Employment Percent o f industry employment 45,780 26,080 22,540 20,350 19,820 7.0 4.0 3.4 3.1 3.0 Table 8. Lumber and wood products, except furniture: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980 (SIC 24) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................... 657,270 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 41,070 6.25 n.a. 70 Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer......................................... All other engineers............................................ Agricultural scientist............................................... All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 9,890 1,230 470 340 420 830 110 300 1,740 3,650 90 680 1,260 1.50 .19 .07 .05 .06 .13 .02 .05 .26 .56 .01 .10 .19 n.a. n.a. 6 6 n.a. 7 31 11 3 3 9 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 2 n.a. 1 (3) 1 8 14 1 3 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ................... ............ Drafter................................................................ All other engineering technicians...................... Timber cruiser......................................................... All other science technicians ................................ All other technicians.............................................. 5,090 390 1,930 1,660 270 1,810 220 740 .77 .06 .29 .25 .04 .28 .03 .11 n.a. 9 n.a. 5 n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 5 n.a. 5 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 13,520 8,220 4,150 220 500 430 2.06 1.25 .63 .03 .08 .07 n.a. 3 3 15 14 n.a. n.a. 20 9 1 1 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpenter ............................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route worker ................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Glazier .................................................................... Heavy equipment operator .................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Logging tractor operator........................................ Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... 534,720 11,700 2,970 1,530 6,340 860 26,080 14,610 11,490 970 2,110 3,740 19,820 300 3,390 80 18,800 3,530 1,320 9,020 8,980 3,350 950 760 240 980 5,500 2,210 440 14,410 1,910 81.35 1.78 .45 .23 .96 .13 3.97 2.22 1.75 .15 .32 .57 3.02 .05 .52 .01 2.86 .54 .20 1.37 1.37 .51 .14 .12 .04 .15 .84 .34 .07 2.19 .29 n.a. n.a. 4 6 4 n.a. 2 3 4 6 5 3 2 15 6 18 1 4 5 2 4 6 4 7 13 4 4 4 9 3 8 n.a. n.a. 7 3 11 n.a. 46 10 10 2 4 6 30 (3) 5 (3) 31 8 3 24 12 3 3 2 1 2 7 4 1 25 3 See footnotes at end of table. 23 - Table 8. Lumber amd wood produeSs, ©Jtcejpft furniture: EmpB©ym@mS, relative ©stop, and pereent ©f estiabSashments reporting selected occupations, EMa^ 19i©=C®initiiniu®d (SIC 24) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Power barker operator ........................................... Band scroll saw operator....................................... Boring machine operator, w ood............................ Carrier driver........................................................... Wood carving machine operator........................... Chain offbearer, lum ber........................................ Chaser .................................................................... Chipper................................................................... Choker setter, lumber............................................. Automatic clipper, veneer...................................... Cut off saw operator, lumber ................................ Cut off sawyer, lo g ................................................. Dado operator........................................................ Dowel machine operator........................................ Edge gluer............................................................... Edger, automatic and/or p o n y .............................. Faller and/or bucker.............................................. Gang sawyer........................................................... Gluing machine operator........................................ Head loader............................................................ Head sawyer........................................................... Hook tender............................................................ Hot plate plywood press operator......................... Hydraulic press operator, veneer........................... Lay-out marker, w ood............................................ Kiln operator........................................................... Kiln transfer operator.............................................. Lathe operator, w o o d ............................................. Loader, car and truck............................................. Loader engineer..................................................... Log handling equipment operator.......................... Log inspectors, graders, and/or scalers............... Lumber grader........................................................ Lumber straightener............................................... Machine setter, woodworking................................ Wood machinist...................................................... Mortising machine operator................................... Nailing machine operator....................................... Off bearer, wooden parts....................................... Pond worker, lum ber.............................................. Power screwdriver operator................................... Resawyer ................................................................ Rigging slinger........................................................ Ripsaw operator..................................................... Rubber.................................................................... Sander, wood ......................................................... Saw filer ................................................................. Second loader........................................................ Shaper and/or router operator ............................. Kiln stacker operator............................................. Tenoner operator................................................... Tester ..................................................................... Transfer controller, sawmill.................................... Treating engineer................................................... Trim saw operator.................................................. Variety saw operator .............................................. Veneer d rie r............................................................ Veneer grader......................................................... Veneer lathe operator............................................ Veneer repairer, machine ...................................... Veneer sander........................................................ Woodworking machine operator............................ Yarder engineer...................................................... Painter, production.................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 0.68 .08 .13 .22 .02 3.43 .28 .50 .77 .30 1.58 .20 .05 .05 .13 .89 3.10 .10 .15 .12 1.03 .20 .20 .04 .05 .13 .06 .10 .98 .56 1.23 .54 .91 .80 .44 1.23 .04 1.17 1.94 .14 .14 .59 .23 1.03 .11 .97 .66 .09 .21 .19 .15 .06 .10 .10 1.01 .60 .30 .73 .16 .26 .09 1.33 .27 .92 4,450 5.10 840 1,460 140 22,540 1,820 3,270 5,060 1,940 10,400 1,340 350 300 830 5,850 20,350 660 960 790 6,770 1,340 1,330 290 320 850 370 660 6,430 3,660 8,100 3,540 5,990 5,270 2,900 8,110 260 7,690 12,720 940 910 3,860 1,490 6,800 740 6,360 4,340 590 1,380 1,250 960 420 630 650 6,670 3,960 2,000 4,800 1,050 1,740 570 8,750 1,780 6,020 See footnotes at end of table. 24 Relative error (in percentage)2 2 9 7 5 31 2 7 3 5 5 2 8 9 11 7 2 2 9 7 10 2 7 5 12 11 6 8 12 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 5 10 3 3 7 9 3 7 3 12 4 2 11 7 6 6 10 9 8 2 4 7 6 6 10 7 4 7 4 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 15 1 2 2 (3) 17 3 11 5 3 23 3 1 1 1 18 26 2 2 2 22 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 12 9 18 12 13 9 7 9 1 11 13 1 1 11 2 16 1 9 12 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 17 8 2 3 2 1 1 13 4 9 Table 8. Lumber and wood products, except furniture: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 24) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Conveyor operator or tender................................. Veneer drier feeder................................................ Veneer jointer operator.......................................... Veneer repairer, hand ........................................... Core feeder............................................................. Core layer and/or sheet turner............................. Planer operator....................................................... Sorter operator, green lumber............................... Sawyer, tail ............................................................. Gluer and/or cementer, hand ............................... Assembler............................................................... Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 660 3,260 470 1,400 1,760 3,080 3,940 880 520 970 45,780 0.10 .50 .07 .21 .27 .47 .60 .13 .08 .15 6.97 8 5 9 9 7 6 3 8 12 9 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 12 2 1 1 20 540 4,390 19,800 51,460 .08 .67 3.01 7.83 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d............................................. File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... Tally clerk, sawm ill............................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 41,920 32,260 170 450 580 80 130 3,370 5,900 220 8,870 620 970 440 330 360 6,800 280 140 690 480 800 580 9,660 960 4,800 1,480 6.38 4.91 .03 .07 .09 .01 .02 .51 .90 .03 1.35 .09 .15 .07 .05 .05 1.03 .04 .02 .10 .07 .12 .09 1.47 .15 .73 .23 n.a. n.a. 8 6 8 n.a. 11 3 2 7 3 6 3 5 6 6 3 8 8 3 6 8 n.a. n.a. 5 3 4 n.a. n.a. 1 2 2 n.a. (3) 12 25 1 27 2 5 3 2 2 26 1 1 4 2 3 n.a. n.a. 3 12 5 1,330 700 390 .20 .11 .06 4 6 n.a. 4 2 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 11,060 10,370 690 1.68 1.58 .10 n.a. 3 18 n.a. 21 2 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories, 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. n.a. Not available. 25 Furniture @BD(al Fixtures percent. Managers and officers accounted for 5 percent; sales workers, professionals, and service workers, 2 per cent each; and technical workers, 1 percent of total in dustry employment. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing furniture and fixtures are listed below: Establishments which manufacture household, office, public building, and restaurant furniture; and office and store fixtures employed 455,830 workers in 1980, ac counting for 2 percent of manufacturing and 4 percent of durable goods employment. Establishments manu facturing household furniture employed 64 percent of the industry’s workers; those manufacturing partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fixtures, 14 per cent; and those manufacturing office furniture, II percent. As shown in table 9, the 348,250 production and re lated workers in the furniture and fixtures industry ac counted for more than three-fourths of total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 11 Employment Assembler............................................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipment-nongarment........................ Upholsterer............................................. Supervisor, nonworking......................... Cabinetmaker..................................... . 26 Percent o f industry employment 9.5 16,420 15,840 15,600 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 Tab!© 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of estabiisbments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 25) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................... 455,830 100.00 - Managers and officers............................................... 24,300 5.33 n.a. 91 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 10,200 2,610 • 1,390 640 580 450 1,880 2,330 260 930 1,170 570 2.24 .57 .30 .14 .13 .10 .41 .51 .06 .20 .26 .13 n.a. n.a. 5 8 n.a. 12 3 5 14 5 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11 5 n.a. 4 24 24 3 12 9 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.............................................. 3,610 800 2,530 2,010 520 280 .79 .18 .56 .44 .11 .06 n.a. 8 n.a. 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. 14 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 8,510 4,860 1,560 170 1,300 620 1.87 1.07 .34 .04 .29 .14 n.a. 3 5 17 10 n.a. n.a. 35 8 1 4 n.a. 348,250 2,530 480 1,810 240 5,790 13,960 3,390 150 1,460 870 76.40 .56 .11 .40 .05 1.27 3.06 .74 .03 .32 .19 n.a. n.a. 6 6 n.a. 4 6 11 12 9 5 n.a. n.a. 5 9 n.a. 33 25 10 1 8 8 1,630 15,600 5,920 6,560 1,730 1,050 3,580 3,160 6,550 470 190 1,770 180 150 8,030 .36 3.42 1.30 1.44 .38 .23 .79 .69 1.44 .10 .04 .39 .04 .03 1.76 9 2 4 3 13 6 11 4 11 15 9 6 24 12 4 5 46 25 23 11 7 9 20 17 2 3 7 2 2 22 16,420 3.60 4 28 2,600 1,280 640 100 1,400 .57 .28 .14 .02 .31 8 14 7 18 8 12 2 4 1 7 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Laminating machine operator, furniture................ Machinist................................................................. Mattress maker ...................................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Sheet metal worker ................................................ Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 27 - TabS@ 9. Furniture and fixtures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 25) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Furniture finisher.................................................... Band scroll saw operator....................................... Boring machine operator, w ood............................ Wood carving machine operator........................... Cut off saw operator, lum ber................................ Dado operator ........................................................ Dowel machine operator........................................ Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Gluing machine operator........................................ Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal................................................................. Hot plate plywood press operator......................... Hydraulic press operator, veneer.......................... Lay-out marker, w ood............................................ Lathe operator, w o o d ............................................. Machine setter, woodworking................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom .......................... Machine tool setter, metalworking........................ Wood machinist...................................................... Mortising machine operator................................... Nailing machine operator....................................... Off bearer, wooden parts....................................... Patternmaker .......................................................... Plastic top installer ................................................ Power screwdriver operator................................... Rip and groove machine operator......................... Ripsaw operator..................................................... Rubber.................................................................... Sander, wood ......................................................... Shaper, ha n d .......................................................... Shaper and/or router operator............................. Sorter, upholstery parts.......................................... Spring machine operator........................................ Springer.................................................................. Stapler, mattress and bedspring........................... Tenoner operator................................................... Tester ..................................................................... Upholstery trimmer................................................. Variety saw operator ............................................. Woodworking machine operator........................... Painter, production................................................. Riveter, lig h t............................................................ Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Upholsterer ............................................................. Upholstery cutter.................................................... Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal................................................................. Gluer and/or cementer, hand ............................... Cushion m aker....................................................... Assembler............................................................... Decorator, hand ..................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 8,190 3,490 1,650 2,550 470 4,240 380 510 880 1,220 1.80 .77 .36 .56 .10 .93 .08 .11 .19 .27 5 7 5 4 12 5 9 8 9 6 13 10 11 13 3 27 3 5 4 7 1,090 390 330 820 1,060 2,550 1,320 350 230 450 3,190 480 1,450 7,030 360 1,610 2,400 380 4,810 5,920 13,400 880 3,020 1,140 1,360 3,380 690 1,630 530 2,700 1,880 6,480 10,820 1,050 6,370 860 1,230 15,840 5,760 .24 .09 .07 .18 .23 .56 .29 .08 .05 .10 .70 .11 .32 1.54 .08 .35 .53 .08 1.06 1.30 2.94 .19 .66 .25 .30 .74 .15 .36 .12 .59 .41 1.42 2.37 .23 1.40 .19 .27 3.47 1.26 9 10 10 8 7 6 11 13 12 9 8 7 9 6 8 12 7 22 5 12 4 6 5 7 21 6 20 5 11 8 6 6 3 15 5 8 6 4 5 4 2 3 6 7 9 3 2 2 3 13 4 6 9 3 9 5 3 24 11 27 6 14 6 2 14 3 10 4 9 12 24 36 2 15 5 7 21 21 4,140 2,950 2,990 43,250 740 4,940 13,420 29,840 .91 .65 .66 9.49 .16 1.08 2.94 6.55 7 7 5 3 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 10 14 48 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 50,490 31,610 560 880 11.08 6.93 .12 .19 n.a. n.a. 7 5 n.a. n.a. 7 10 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 28 Tabs© 9. Furniture and fixtures: EmpSo^manfi, relative error, and percent @ff establishments reporting seiected occupations, June 19OT=C®ntinued (SIC 25) Occupation Office clerical workers—Continued Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d ............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment' 5 n.a. 12 5 5 7 4 5 4 6 7 8 4 13 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,110 340 490 2,330 2,510 770 5,650 2,150 1,710 670 730 370 4,400 380 170 960 1,220 2,070 2,140 18,880 3,140 7,700 4,670 0.24 .07 .11 .51 .55 .17 1.24 .47 .38 .15 .16 .08 .97 .08 .04 .21 .27 .45 .47 4.14 .69 1.69 1.02 8 3 3 5 6 9 n.a. n.a. 5 4 4 16 9 10 n.a. n.a. 17 33 39 2,640 730 .58 .16 5 n.a. 15 n.a. 10,470 10,020 450 2.30 2.20 .10 n.a. 5 17 n.a. 36 3 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 8 n.a. 3 19 33 7 38 14 19 9 8 6 40 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimatei employment and percent of total employment; relative standard error estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further informatioi on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 29 Papgir and] ASSSsdl Products Establishments which manufacture paper and allied products employed 698,910 workers, accounting for nearly 4 percent of manufacturing and 9 percent of nondurable goods employment in 1980. Establishments manufacturing paper and paperboard into converted products (except containers and boxes) employed nearly one-third of the industry’s workers; those producing paperboard containers and boxes, 30 percent; and pa per mills (except building paper mills), 25 percent. The industry’s 519,530 production and related workers accounted for nearly three-fourths of total in dustry employment (table 10). Clerical workers ranked second with 10 percent. Managers and officers consti 30 tuted 5 percent; professionals, 4 percent; sales workers, over 2 percent; and service and technical workers, about 2 percent each. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in manufacturing paper and allied products: Supervisor, nonworking ................................ Production packager, hand or machine...... Industrial truck operator ............................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative.............................................. Mechanic, maintenance................................ Employment Percent o f industry employment 29,880 22,650 21,810 4.3 3.2 3.1 15,900 14,390 2.3 2.1 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 (SIC 26) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................... 698,910 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 37,340 5.34 n.a. 96 Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................ Chemist .................................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 30,190 9,470 1,860 940 1,480 2,810 2,38Q 2,110 650 970 2,600 4,890 1,170 610 2,270 1,280 4,170 4.32 1.35 .27 .13 .21 .40 .34 .30 .09 .14 .37 .70 .17 .09 .32 .18 .60 n.a. n.a. 6 7 4 5 n.a. 13 22 8 2 4 5 4 4 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 9 18 17 n.a. 9 1 8 34 38 10 8 26 13 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 10,500 1,010 2,570 1,100 1,470 2,660 4,260 1.50 .14 .37 .16 .21 .38 .61 n.a. 5 n.a. 9 n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. 10 n.a. 10 n.a. 4 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers ....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 11,570 7,060 2,310 340 1,140 720 1.66 1.01 .33 .05 .16 .10 n.a. 3 5 26 7 n.a. n.a. 47 10 1 7 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Compositor and/or typesetter............................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Heavy equipment operator .................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Scrapper and/or stripper, hand or machine......... Sheet metal worker ............................................... 519,530 18,530 1,860 14,390 2,280 8,180 1,130 470 1,590 2,020 7,640 29,880 1,420 440 21,810 5,670 2,560 5,080 7,760 10,820 8,080 2,390 3,520 1,220 4,860 14,020 22,650 4,030 510 74.33 2.65 .27 2.06 .33 1.17 .16 .07 .23 .29 1.09 4.28 .20 .06 3.12 .81 .37 .73 1.11 1.55 1.16 .34 .50 .17 .70 2.01 3.24 .58 .07 n.a. n.a. 4 4 n.a. 2 5 9 6 5 3 2 7 14 2 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 4 8 n.a. n.a. 13 35 n.a. 40 8 5 6 13 23 57 5 1 52 15 9 19 31 16 9 15 14 8 8 28 29 13 3 See footnotes at end of table. 31 - Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 26) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Automatic assembly machine attendant............... Back te n de r............................................................ Bag machine operator............................................ Bag sewer............................................................... Power barker operator ........................................... Beater engineer......................................... ............. Beater..................................................................... Bleacher operator, pulp.......................................... Bottoming machine operators, paper bag press operators, and/or valving machine operators.. Box maker, paperboard.......................................... Carton forming machine operator.......................... Chemical operator A ............................................... Chemical operator B ............................................... Chemical operator h e lp e r...................................... Chipper................................................................... Coater operator, off-machine................................ Coating mixer tender............................................. Combiner operator................................................. Convolute tube and/or spiral tube winder............ Corner cutter........................................................... Corrugator knife operator............... ....................... Corrugator operator................................................ Cut off machine operator, tubing........................... Cutting and creasing press operator..................... Cylinder machine tender........................................ Decker operator............................. ....................... Die cutter and/or clicking machine operator....... Paper die maker..................................................... Die m ounter............................................................ Digester operator................................................... Digester operator helper........................................ Ending machine operator....................................... Envelope machine operator .................................. Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Evaporator operator, papermaking........................ Flexo folder gluer operator.................................... Folding machine feeder ......................................... Folding machine operator, paper.......................... Four corners stayer machine operator ................. Fourdrinier machine tender.................................... Wood grinder operator........................................... Layboy tender......................................................... Log inspectors, graders, and/or scalers............... Envelope finishing machine operator.................... Machine setter, paper goods ................................ Panel machine operators, patch machine operators, and/or sealing machine operators . Paper cup machine operator................................. Paper reel operator and/or rewinder operator..... Power press te n d e r............................................... Printer-slotter operator........................................... Printer-slotter feeder............................................. Pulp refiner operator............................................... Pulper ..................................................................... Recovery operator, papermaking........................... Scorer..................................................................... Slitter creaser slotter operator.............................. Slitter scorer cut-off operator ............................... Slitting machine operator....................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,530 2,710 500 2,140 1,210 5,680 8,150 920 670 2,290 2,570 1,080 0.36 .39 .07 .31 .17 .81 1.17 .13 .10 .33 .37 .15 4 4 8 5 11 3 7 14 15 5 4 6 10 10 4 8 3 13 8 2 3 9 8 4 890 4,100 2,150 990 960 710 940 3,600 1,370 1,940 2,120 610 1,670 3,180 600 3,930 1,090 470 6,190 1,460 1,680 1,090 1,070 1,300 5,980 520 620 4,480 970 3,100 640 4,500 1,240 1,170 590 660 10,300 .13 .59 .31 .14 .14 .10 .13 .52 .20 .28 .30 .09 .24 .45 .09 .56 .16 .07 .89 .21 .24 .16 .15 .19 .86 .07 .09 .64 .14 .44 .09 .64 .18 .17 .08 .09 1.47 13 8 8 7 11 7 9 6 7 8 9 8 3 6 12 4 6 6 3 4 4 4 6 9 9 8 6 5 12 9 10 2 11 5 4 3 3 4 7 5 6 6 6 13 15 3 14 5 2 26 11 18 5 4 5 4 4 3 15 740 1,130 7,040 940 3,990 4,280 1,310 3,110 1,240 1,040 1,910 1,330 7,190 .11 .16 1.01 .13 .57 .61 .19 .44 .18 .15 .27 .19 1.03 15 23 4 13 2 1 16 3 19 16 5 9 4 9 11 9 23 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 32 3 11 7 8 11 9 5 5 6 6 6 5 7 6 3 5 4 10 2 4 3 2 18 3 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 26) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Slotter operator...................................................... Stapling machine operator..................................... Supercalender operator ......................................... Taping machine operator....................................... Tester ..................................................................... Tube machine operator, b a g s............................... Waxing machine operator...................................... Wet machine tender............................................... Winder, paper machine.......................................... Wrapping machine operator.................................. Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Brown stock washer and/or blow pit operator..... Fourth hand and/or fifth hand, paper machine.... Baling machine operator........................................ Chief operator......................................................... Cutter machine....................................................... Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. Embossing, stamping, and/or marking machine operator............................................................. Bindery worker, assembly...................................... Bindery worker, stitching........................................ All other bindery workers....................................... Extruder operator, plastics or rubber.................... Extruder operator helper, plastics or rubber......... Assembler............................................................... Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ..................................... ...................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand .............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,080 1,700 1,260 3,480 5,910 620 1,020 980 4,720 2,220 560 130 2,350 730 7,670 4,120 540 4,060 730 0.15 .24 .18 .50 .85 .09 .15 .14 .68 .32 .08 .02 .34 .10 1.10 .59 .08 .58 .10 6 6 10 4 3 13 6 10 3 7 14 21 5 6 3 2 9 5 17 9 11 3 21 13 2 8 3 12 6 2 1 10 3 12 38 2 18 3 2,590 630 200 810 3,000 2,290 7,920 .37 .09 .03 .12 .43 .33 1.13 7 16 20 n.a. 10 12 7 8 2 1 n.a. 5 3 8 2,020 9,860 43,250 72,220 .29 1.41 6.19 10.33 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 73,240 50,080 1,100 1,610 1,970 520 1,090 5,120 1,700 800 5,510 4,440 2,600 1,330 910 570 9,480 690 370 2,120 2,450 2,690 3,010 21,410 4,860 4,870 5,320 500 10.48 7.17 .16 .23 .28 .07 .16 .73 .24 .11 .79 .64 .37 .19 .13 .08 1.36 .10 .05 .30 .35 .38 .43 3.06 .70 .70 .76 .07 n.a. n.a. 4 4 6 n.a. 7 2 4 5 4 3 2 3 3 5 8 5 6 2 3 5 n.a. n.a. 3 4 2 8 n.a. n.a. 15 20 15 n.a. 8 38 22 11 34 33 39 21 14 9 51 9 7 41 20 23 n.a. n.a. 41 22 52 3 4,030 1,830 .58 .26 3 n.a. 27 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 33 Table 10. Paper and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 19B0=Continued (SIC 26) Occupation Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales clerk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 16,540 15,900 640 2.37 2.27 .09 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation n.a. 2 6 n.a. 58 6 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 34 Printing and Publishing portion than in any other manufacturing industry sur veyed. Clerical workers accounted for 21 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. Managers and of ficers made up 10 percent of industry employment; pro fessional workers, another 10 percent; sales workers, 7 percent; service workers, 2 percent; and technical workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in printing and publishing are listed below: Establishments in this industry perform any of the following operations: (1) Letterpress, lithography, gravure, or screen printing; (2) bookbinding, typeset ting, engraving, photoengraving, and electrotyping; and (3) publishing newspapers, books, and periodicals, whether or not they do their own printing. These es tablishments employed nearly 1.3 million workers, or 6 percent of manufacturing and 15 percent of nondurable goods employment in 1980. One-third of the workers were in establishments publishing (or publishing and printing) newspapers; another one-third worked in es tablishments engaged in commercial printing; and less than one-tenth worked in establishments which publish (or publish and print) books and pamphlets. Although still the largest occupational group in the printing and publishing industry, the 612,420 produc tion and related workers accounted for less than half of total industry employment (table 11), a smaller pro Offset lithographic press operator, sheet, roll, or web fe d ........................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative............................................. Writer and/or e d ito r.................................... Reporters and correspondents................... Typist............................................................ 35 Employment Percent o f industry employment 8 0 ,5 6 0 6.4 7 3 ,7 3 0 4 2 ,1 6 0 3 7 ,8 4 0 3 3 ,1 8 0 5.9 3.4 3 .0 2.7 Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980 (SIC 27) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T ota l........................................................................... 1,254,300 100.00 - Managers and officers............................................... 126,830 10.11 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Statistician............................................................... Chemist .................................................................. Social scientist ....................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Photographer.......................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional ............................................ Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Reporters and correspondents ............................. Designer.................................................................. Estimator, printing services.................................... All other professional workers............................... 124,270 2,010 310 900 500 300 340 290 160 2,090 5,250 2,390 4,630 11,480 42,160 280 1,680 190 1,750 37,840 2,850 3,940 4,940 9.91 .16 .02 .07 .04 .02 .03 .02 .01 .17 .42 .19 .37 .92 3.36 .02 .13 .02 .14 3.02 .23 .31 .39 n.a. n.a. 14 11 11 n.a. 12 27 28 6 2 3 3 3 2 15 7 15 3 2 7 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 2 1 n.a. 1 (3) (3) 3 7 8 10 12 24 1 3 (3) 5 14 3 9 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians............................................... 12,620 4,250 7,350 5,430 1,600 320 1,020 1.01 .34 .59 .43 .13 .03 .08 n.a. 5 n.a. 6 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. 7 3 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 20,980 15,570 1,890 740 710 2,070 1.67 1.24 .15 .06 .06 .17 n.a. 2 7 18 7 n.a. n.a. 26 2 1 2 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Developer and/or projection printer...................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... O ile r........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Stationary engineer................................................ 612,420 4,800 640 3,530 630 1,460 5,920 550 130 29,310 1,830 22,270 4,700 4,530 2,060 3,460 3,030 220 4,930 250 260 15,470 280 48.83 .38 .05 .28 .05 .12 .47 .04 .01 2.34 .15 1.78 .37 .36 .16 .28 .24 .02 .39 .02 .02 1.23 .02 n.a. n.a. 10 4 n.a. 7 7 9 33 6 5 3 6 7 6 4 7 12 16 10 12 5 12 n.a. n.a. 1 4 n.a. 2 6 1 (3) 25 3 23 3 3 2 6 2 1 2 1 (3) 5 (3) See footnotes at end of table. 36 89 Tabi© 11. Printing and publishing; Emptoymsinili, relative error, and p®r@®nt ®ff establishments reporting seleetsd oeeupations, Rflay 1©80=Contonu®d (SIC 27) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Offset lithographic press operator, sheet, roll or web fed ............................................................. Platemaker.............................................................. Stripper................................................................... Camera operator, printing...................................... Strike-on machine operator .................................. Photolettering machine operator........................... Bag machine operator............................................ Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Layboy tender......................................................... Tester ..................................................................... Vulcanizer, rubber p la te ......................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Copy marker........................................................... Copy cutter ............................................................. Hand compositor.................................................... Imposer and makeup arranger.............................. Linecasting machine operator............................... Linecasting machine keyboard operator............... Linecasting machine tender .................................. Ludlow machine operator...................................... Monotype casting machine operator..................... Monotype keyboard operator................................ Pasteup w o rker...................................................... Phototypesetting machine keyboard operator ....... Phototypesetting machine m onitor........................ Phototypesetter operator....................................... Proofreader, composed c o p y ................................ Retoucher ............................................................... Electrotyper............................................................. Photoengraver........................................................ Stereotyper ............................................................. Flexographic press operator.................................. Gravure press operator, rotogravure or sheet fed Ink w orker.............................................................. Letter press operator, sheet, roll or web fe d ........ Letterset press operator, sheet, roll or web fed .... Proof press operator .............................................. Steel die press operator........................................ Press assistants and feeders................................ Setter, bindery machines ....................................... M ailer...................................................................... C utter m a c h in e ....................................................... Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. Screen cutter and/or maker, non-photographic ... Screen maker, photographic process................... Bookbinder, hand....................................... ............ Bookbinder, machine.............................................. Bindery worker, assembly...................................... Bindery worker, stitching........................................ All other bindery workers....................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 80,560 12,190 23,240 21,010 750 1,430 850 1,240 2,800 410 250 400 2,260 600 15,610 6,290 6,660 3,430 2,080 410 350 960 21,900 7,230 2,500 5,270 14,680 1,680 280 7,070 810 1,630 2,120 970 31,700 2,690 930 2,420 25,960 5,500 15,960 5,320 4,450 640 860 5,300 22,950 29,950 8,290 33,380 7,010 17,900 35,830 6.42 .97 1.85 1.68 .06 .11 .07 .10 .22 .03 .02 .03 .18 .05 1.24 .50 .53 .27 .17 .03 .03 .08 1.75 .58 .20 .42 1.17 .13 .02 .56 .06 .13 .17 .08 2.53 .21 .07 .19 2.07 .44 1.27 .42 .35 .05 .07 .42 1.83 2.39 .66 2.66 .56 1.43 2.86 1 2 2 2 12 13 15 11 12 13 22 18 5 10 4 5 6 11 8 12 25 12 2 4 6 4 2 7 20 6 21 13 13 10 3 10 10 11 3 4 5 4 9 16 13 6 3 3 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 52 23 25 40 1 2 1 1 1 1 (3) 0 4 1 17 8 9 4 3 1 f) 1 15 6 3 7 22 2 (3) 6 (3) 1 1 2 25 1 1 1 16 7 10 7 3 1 1 5 18 18 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Addressing machine operator........................... Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Inserting and/or labeling machine operator..... All other office machine operators.................... 264,290 228,710 710 1,870 3,570 4,650 530 3,700 1,250 21.07 18.23 .06 .15 .28 .37 .04 .29 .10 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. 2 See footnotes at end of table. 37 4 4 4 11 10 n.a. 4 6 5 1 2 n.a. Table 11. Printing and publishing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, W3ay 1980—Continued (SIC 27) Occupation Office clerical workers—Continued Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, hand .............................................. Cashier................................................................ File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger.......................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... Circulation c le rk ................................................. Classified-ad clerk, newspaper......................... Customer service representative, printing and publishing...................................................... Telephone ad-taker, newspaper....................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,540 10,420 21,680 1,350 4,610 32,780 8,060 3,110 1,390 780 1,710 31,280 1,340 1,920 3,190 5,590 33,180 7,540 9,250 3,170 0.12 .83 1.73 .11 .37 2.61 .64 .25 .11 .06 .14 2.49 .11 .15 .25 .45 2.65 .60 .74 .25 10 3 2 7 5 4 4 3 3 10 4 2 7 3 2 3 3 3 4 5 2 15 47 3 6 31 6 9 4 2 5 42 2 4 11 6 36 8 7 4 8,370 10,210 9,960 35,580 6,480 8,510 13,320 .67 .81 .79 2.84 .52 .68 1.06 4 5 n.a. n.a. 3 4 2 8 5 n.a. n.a. 9 7 25 3,930 3,340 .31 .27 7 n.a. 6 n.a. 92,890 73,730 2,960 16,200 7.41 5.88 .24 1.29 n.a. 2 13 n.a. n.a. 52 2 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 38 Chemicals and AlSted Prodyets Establishments which produce basic chemicals and manufacture products by predominantly chemical proc esses employed 1.1 million workers, accounting for 6 percent of manufacturing and 14 percent of nondurable goods employment in 1980. Of these workers, 19 per cent worked in establishments producing plastics mate rials and synthetic resins, synthetic rubber, and synthetic and other manmade fibers, except glass; 18 percent worked in establishments manufacturing, fabricating, or processing medicinal chemicals and pharmaceutical products; and 16 percent worked in establishments manufacturing industrial organic chemicals. As shown in table 12, the 587,520 production and re lated workers in the chemical and allied products in dustry accounted for just over half—53 percent—of to tal industry employment. Clerical workers ranked sec 39 ond with 15 percent. Four-fifths of these were office clerical workers. The remaining employment was dis tributed as follows: Professional workers, 12 percent; managers and officers, 10 percent; technical workers, 5 percent; sales workers, 3 percent; and service workers, 2 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing chemicals and allied products are listed in the tabu lation below: Production packager, hand or machine.... Supervisor, nonworking ............................. Chemical operator A .................................. Secretary.................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative............................................ Employment Percent o f industry employment 60,600 49,050 47,800 37,570 5.4 4.4 4.3 3.4 33,700 3.0 Table 12. Chemicals and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent @? establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 28) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal........................................................................... 1,116,820 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 110,000 9.85 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer.............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................. Mathematical scientists.......................................... Chemist ................................................................... Agricultural scientist................................................ Biological scientist ................................................. Medical scientist..................................................... All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Social scientist ....................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 137,650 41,490 19,050 1,020 2,970 3,990 8,630 1,600 4,230 2,080 32,880 480 6,120 1,950 1,840 130 5,880 5,590 12,800 1,190 1,260 1,660 1,410 5,240 1,150 14,500 12.33 3.72 1.71 .09 .27 .36 .77 .14 .38 .19 2.94 .04 .55 .17 .16 .01 .53 .50 1.15 .11 .11 .15 .13 .47 .10 1.30 n.a. n.a. 4 9 7 5 6 4 n.a. 9 3 16 7 14 17 26 6 3 4 12 8 9 3 4 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 23 4 8 12 18 11 n.a. 4 50 1 6 2 2 (3) 10 30 35 4 4 4 10 20 3 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer proqrammer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. Electrical and electronic technicians ................ Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Physical science technician................................... Biological science technician ................................ All other science technicians ................................ All other technicians.............................................. 58,990 4.050 13,450 3,500 2,390 770 6,790 16,660 8,520 9,100 7,210 5.28 .36 1.20 .31 .21 .07 .61 1.49 .76 .81 .65 n.a. 5 n.a. 10 8 11 n.a. 5 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. 11 4 3 n.a. 10 5 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 24,700 13,860 6,710 1,260 1,190 1,680 2.21 1.24 .60 .11 .11 .15 n.a. 3 5 12 6 n.a. n.a. 33 11 2 5 n.a. 587,520 34,580 2,060 27,070 52.61 3.10 .18 2.42 n.a. n.a. 5 3 n.a. n.a. 7 23 1,090 4,360 10,550 1,170 1,230 3,190 1,400 1,940 .10 .39 .94 .10 .11 .29 .13 .17 8 n.a. 3 13 10 5 10 8 3 n.a. 30 1 2 8 3 6 1,920 11,630 49,050 .17 1.04 4.39 12 3 2 2 18 43 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning m echanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Asbestos and insulation workers........................... Boilermaker............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Extractor operator and/or extractor plant operator............................................................. Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 40 95 Table 12. Chemicals and allied products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 28) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Loader, tank cars and/or trucks........................... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sandblaster and/or shotblaster............................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Animal caretaker.................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Ampule filling, sealing and/or washing operators . Beam warper tenders, automatic and/or beamers Bobbin sorter.......................................................... Calciner operator ................................................... Carbon black m aker............................................... Chemical operator A ............................................... Chemical operator B ............................................... Chemical operator helper ...................................... Coater, p ill............................................................... Compressor, tablet ................................................ Bath maker ............................................................. Creeler, yarn ........................................................... Doffer...................................................................... Draw machine operator.......................................... Evaporator operator, chemical.............................. Fireworks maker..................................................... Furnace and/or burner tender.............................. Glue or gelatin maker............................................. Graining press operator......................................... Granulator machine operator ................................ Kettle operator, adhesive....................................... Kettle worker, soap................................................ Molder, machine..................................................... Sampler and/or test preparer............................... Sheeter operator, plastics...................................... Spinner, synthetic filaments................................... Sterilizer.................................................................. Still operator, batch or continuous ........................ Tester ...................................................................... Twister tender......................................................... Varnish maker ........................................................ Texturizer and/or crimp se tte r.............................. Yarn winder............................................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Drier operator, chemicals, plastic resins, and rubber................................................................ Chief operator......................................................... Waste treatment plant operator, chemicals......... Electrolytic cell maker and/or repairer................. Staple cu tte r........................................................... Purification operator and/or monomer purification operator............................................................. Weigher, production............................................... Percent of total employment Employment’ Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,550 15,150 11,890 8,630 4,260 8,230 17,660 3,470 6,840 1,130 7,740 2,720 10,580 900 60,600 190 1,680 2,180 3,580 1,220 4,550 1,850 2,240 500 460 540 47,800 22,720 14,870 1,180 1,140 200 2,070 3,140 6,490 1,190 840 1,170 150 520 1,320 1,030 190 1,230 770 380 10,250 790 2,980 7,850 920 450 1,010 960 1,390 0.14 1.36 1.06 .77 .38 .74 1.58 .31 .61 .10 .69 .24 .95 .08 5.43 .02 .15 .20 .32 .11 .41 .17 .20 .04 .04 .05 4.28 2.03 1.33 .11 .10 .02 .19 .28 .58 .11 .08 .10 .01 .05 .12 .09 .02 .11 .07 .03 .92 .07 .27 .70 .08 .04 .09 .09 .12 11 3 5 4 6 5 3 5 1 7 5 5 5 5 11 3 25 8 5 8 11 5 9 15 28 12 19 3 4 4 21 8 26 13 18 13 13 27 11 26 40 8 13 13 30 10 29 11 10 22 5 19 11 18 16 12 2 27 16 11 8 13 36 8 4 5 16 8 7 2 38 (3) 3 5 5 2 8 2 (3) (3) 1 (3) 20 14 16 2 2 (3) 1 (3) 1 2 (3) 1 (3) (3) 2 1 1 1 2 (3) 1 1 2 11 (3) 1 (3) (3) 2 3,010 13,180 1,630 600 1,460 .27 1.18 .15 .05 .13 13 5 5 13 18 3 12 4 1 (3) 810 2,090 .07 .19 12 7 1 5 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 41 Tabs© 12. Clhemicals and aSSiedi products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 28) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Cutter machine....................................................... Grinder operator, chemicals, plastics, rubber, and related materials .............................................. Calender operator, plastics or rubber................... Extruder operator, plastics or rubber .................... Extruder operator helper, plastics or rubber........ Filter and/or filter press operator......................... Pump operator........................................................ Pulverizer and drier te n d e r.................................... Tinter....................................................................... Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products .......................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,130 0.10 13 1 5,380 370 2,980 700 1,670 1,520 150 2,820 .48 .03 .27 .06 .15 .14 .01 .25 5 23 7 12 8 7 15 5 12 1 3 1 2 5 (3) 11 24,130 10,330 38,000 43,560 2.16 .92 3.40 3.90 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 46 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... 162,670 130,470 820 3,250 4,230 1,120 1,470 4,590 14,240 2,600 440 1,850 17,500 7,750 2,550 2,320 2,210 850 37,570 1,210 1,010 1,910 7,550 5,230 8,200 32,200 5,070 8,160 8,290 350 14.57 11.68 .07 .29 .38 .10 .13 .41 1.28 .23 .04 .17 1.57 .69 .23 .21 .20 .08 3.36 .11 .09 .17 .68 .47 .73 2.88 .45 .73 .74 .03 n.a. n.a. 7 4 4 7 n.a. 8 3 4 7 6 4 3 2 3 3 5 4 6 4 2 3 4 n.a. n.a. 4 6 3 8 n.a. n.a. 4 15 14 4 n.a. 8 40 19 4 9 38 32 21 16 15 6 61 5 7 23 25 14 n.a. n.a. 17 22 41 2 7,480 2,850 .67 .26 3 n.a. 26 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 35,290 33,700 1,590 3.16 3.02 .14 n.a. 4 8 n.a. 46 4 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. n.a. Not available. 42 P©6ir©fleym Refining and Sndustrte® agers and officers, 7 percent; sales workers, 5 percent; technical workers, 3 percent; and service workers, 2 percent of total industry employment. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing refined petroleum and related products are listed in the tabulation below: Establishments which refine petroleum, manufacture paving and roofing materials, and compound lubricat ing oils and greases from purchased materials employed 202,640 workers in 1980 or only 1 percent of manufac turing and 3 percent of nondurable goods employment. Nearly four-fifths of these workers were engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, and other products from crude pe troleum and its fractionation products. The 127,290 production and related workers in this industry (table 13) accounted for 63 percent of total in dustry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 11 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. Professionals accounted for 9 percent; man Refinery operator, petroleum....................... Supervisor, nonworking ............................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative.............................................. Refinery operator helper, petroleum........... Plumber and/or pipefitter............................. 43 Employment Percent o f industry employment 13,710 12,790 6.8 6.3 8,690 6,000 5,570 4.3 3.0 2.8 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, IMay 19©® (SIC 29) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal........................................................................... 202,690 100.00 - Managers and officers............................................... 14,790 7.30 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer.............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Petroleum engineer............................................ Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 19,030 9,160 3,710 450 440 520 2,310 460 400 870 2,140 320 80 740 810 2,300 200 200 1,230 1,850 9.39 4.52 1.83 .22 .22 .26 1.14 .23 .20 .43 1.06 .16 .04 .37 .40 1.13 .10 .10 .61 .91 n.a. n.a. 11 16 12 19 11 24 12 n.a. 10 40 31 25 6 12 23 11 22 n.a. n.a. n.a. 18 7 10 8 16 3 12 n.a. 28 2 1 8 26 30 3 6 17 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians............................................... 6,290 380 2,840 780 280 1,780 1,950 1,120 3.10 .19 1.40 .38 .14 .88 .96 .55 n.a. 17 n.a. 10 19 n.a. 13 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. 12 5 n.a. 14 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 3,080 840 1,060 140 100 940 1.52 .41 .52 .07 .05 .46 n.a. 8 10 46 18 n.a. n.a. 21 11 1 3 n.a. 127,290 5,650 1,080 220 3,490 860 4,840 740 1,890 990 510 410 62.80 2.79 .53 .11 1.72 .42 2.39 .37 .93 .49 .25 .20 n.a. n.a. 8 14 12 n.a. 6 12 15 12 16 15 n.a. n.a. 20 5 17 n.a. 34 6 5 11 7 8 420 2,610 12,790 1,160 1,880 310 2,510 830 2,260 1,640 3,890 3,320 .21 1.29 6.31 .57 .93 .15 1.24 .41 1.12 .81 1.92 1.64 43 8 7 12 7 19 6 12 11 7 11 10 1 20 45 8 22 3 20 13 11 19 14 28 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Asbestos and insulation workers........................... Boilermaker............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Extractor operator and/or extractor plant operator............................................................. Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... G ager...................................................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector................................................................. Instrument repairer................................................. Loader, tank cars and/or trucks........................... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... See footnotes at end of table. 44 93 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 29) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Asphalt blender...................................................... Asphalt mixing machine tender............................. Asphalt plant drier operator................................... Asphalt-plant operator........................................... Chemical operator A ............................................... Chemical operator B ............................................... Chemical operator h e lper...................................... Compounder........................................................... Control panel operator, petroleum......................... Dispatcher, refinery................................................ Firer, petroleum refining......................................... Greasemaker.......................................................... Instrument fitte r...................................................... Roof cement and paint m aker.............................. Sampler and/or test preparer............................... Slitting machine operator....................................... Refinery operator, petroleum................................. Refinery operator helper, petroleum ..................... Still operator, asphalt............................................. Tester ..................................................................... Treater.................................................................... Coater, roofing fe lt................................................. Chief operator......................................................... Cutter machine....................................................... Winder, roofing felt ................................................ Filter and/or filter press operator.......................... Pump operator........................................................ Pump operator helper............................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 2,700 260 180 730 800 5,570 2,970 690 760 2,580 430 200 160 960 4,100 1,470 870 1,630 2,200 430 510 250 330 170 220 90 13,710 6,000 490 2,650 530 1,270 2,410 190 270 170 1,740 830 1,900 5,540 9,680 1.33 .13 .09 .36 .39 2.75 1.47 .34 .37 1.27 .21 .10 .08 .47 2.02 .73 .43 .80 1.09 .21 .25 .12 .16 .08 .11 .04 6.76 2.96 .24 1.31 .26 .63 1.19 .09 .13 .08 .86 .41 .94 2.73 4.78 15 16 10 12 17 11 9 10 17 10 11 13 13 9 22 18 20 9 14 18 38 15 24 14 12 23 8 11 10 9 13 11 15 12 9 21 12 23 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 2 6 8 8 13 15 9 4 21 9 7 5 20 6 5 4 19 7 5 3 4 2 4 5 2 17 11 8 14 4 8 7 4 6 1 11 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d .............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. 23,040 19,720 260 460 790 160 260 840 2,660 410 290 3,410 520 600 380 310 180 3,370 430 180 350 840 11.37 9.73 .13 .23 .39 .08 .13 .41 1.31 .20 .14 1.68 .26 .30 .19 .15 .09 1.66 .21 .09 .17 .41 n.a. n.a. 17 13 19 20 n.a. 20 11 15 17 18 8 9 13 10 11 12 17 12 5 12 n.a. n.a. 9 12 10 3 n.a. 8 30 14 7 33 15 22 11 10 9 42 7 7 20 13 See footnotes at end of table. 45 Table 13. Petroleum refining and related industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 29) Occupation Office clerical workers—Continued Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers.......... ;.............. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 600 2,420 3,320 540 250 540 150 0.30 1.19 1.64 .27 .12 .27 .07 8 n.a. n.a. 14 19 8 13 17 n.a. n.a. 15 5 16 5 1,260 390 190 .62 .19 .09 9 10 n.a. 19 13 n.a. 9,170 8,690 480 4.52 4.29 .24 n.a. 12 18 n.a. 40 6 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 46 [Rjybibdr and Mte©@SSane®y@ Plasties Pr®duets This industry includes establishments which manu facture tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods, heels and soles, flooring, and rubber sundries; establish ments which engage in molding primary plastics for the trade; and those manufacturing miscellaneous finished plastics products. The industry employed 710,990 workers in 1980, or 4 percent of manufacturing and 9 percent of nondurable goods workers. Of the industry’s employees, 62 percent worked in establishments mold ing primary plastics or fabricating miscellaneous fin ished plastics products. Establishments manufacturing tires and inner tubes employed 17 percent; establish ments manufacturing industrial and mechanical rubber goods, rubberized fabrics and vulcanized rubber cloth ing, and miscellaneous rubber specialties and sundries employed 14 percent. As shown in table 14, the industry’s 534,150 produc tion and related workers accounted for three-fourths of 47 total industry employment. Clerical workers, mostly of fice workers, ranked second with 10 percent. The re maining employment was distributed as follows: Man agers and officers, 7 percent; professional workers, 4 percent; and technical, service, and sales workers, about 2 percent each. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing rubber and miscellaneous plastics products are listed in the tabulation below. These jobs, all production oc cupations, made up one-fourth of total industry employment. Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, D lastics.................... Assembler..................................... Supervisor, nonworking ............................... Production packager, hand or m achine..... Inspector................................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 62,430 36,520 29,680 23,110 22,780 8.8 5.1 4.2 3.3 3.2 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 30) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l........................................................................... 710,990 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 45,860 6.45 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Mathematical scientists.......................................... Chemist .................................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 28,880 11,810 1,980 800 2,570 3,860 2,600 120 2,700 1,510 2,780 4,900 400 1,780 990 1,890 4.06 1.66 .28 .11 .36 .54 .37 .02 .38 .21 .39 .69 .06 .25 .14 .27 n.a. n.a. 24 16 5 14 n.a. 22 21 30 6 3 6 7 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 5 15 18 n.a. 1 10 5 28 33 4 18 7 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 12,190 1,380 5,400 1,740 760 2,900 2,860 2,550 1.71 .19 .76 .24 .11 .41 .40 .36 n.a. 21 n.a. 8 14 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. 13 5 n.a. 7 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 11,420 8,460 1,500 80 460 920 1.61 1.19 .21 .01 .06 .13 n.a. 4 7 27 13 n.a. n.a. 40 5 1 3 n.a. 534,150 12,960 410 11,390 1,160 4,030 710 130 140 820 4,190 29,680 12,640 22,780 870 7,970 11,060 2,220 1,330 960 4,190 300 1,720 1,730 23,110 75.13 1.82 .06 1.60 .16 .57 .10 .02 .02 .12 .59 4.17 1.78 3.20 .12 1.12 1.56 .31 .19 .14 .59 .04 .24 .24 3.25 n.a. n.a. 10 4 n.a. 5 13 25 19 16 5 3 5 3 20 5 4 8 12 7 10 12 11 16 5 n.a. n.a. 3 22 n.a. 23 5 1 1 4 15 56 23 44 2 25 41 8 2 5 12 2 3 3 21 5,930 .83 10 4 2,010 .28 16 1 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter................................................................ Compositor and/or typesetter............................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... See footnotes at end of table. 48 96 Table 14. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 18>S0=Continued (SIC 30) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Sheet metal w o rker............................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Skiver...................................................................... Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Trimmer, machine.................................................. Band builder............................................................ Bead flip p e r............................................................ Bead forming machine operator........................... Belt builder.............................................................. Bias machine operator........................................... Braiding machine tender........................................ Buffer, shoe p a rts.................................................. Chemical operator A .............................................. Chemical operator B ............................................... Chemical operator helper ...................................... Curer, rubber goods............................................... Die cutter and/or clicking machine operator........ Dipping machine operator...................................... Fabricator, plastics................................................. Pilling machine operator........................................ Finisher, hand......................................................... Finisher, machine................................................... Hose loader............................................................ Hose m aker............................................................ Inker, hand or machine.......................................... Lead press operator............................................... Lead stripping machine operator........................... Rubber mill operator............................................... Patternmaker, plastics............................................ Press operator, devulcanized scrap rubber........... Refiner operator, rubber......................................... Plastics repairer...................................................... Roller builder, rubber.............................................. Rubber goods cutter finisher................................. Rubber grinder finisher........................................... Sawyer, plastics ..................................................... Slitting machine operator....................................... Splicer..................................................................... Splitting machine te n de r........................................ Stripper.................................................................... Tester ..................................................................... Thermalasting machine operator........................... Tire bagging machine tender ................................ Tire builder.............................................................. Tire finisher............................................................. Tire layer and extractor.......................................... Tire repairer............................................................ Trimmer, plastics.................................................... Splicer..................................................................... Vulcanizer, footwear.............................................. Watchcase vulcanizer te n de r................................ Press tender, rubber goods................................... Painter, production................................................. Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Setter, plastic molding machine............................ Punch press operator, plastics.............................. Drier operator, chemicals, plastic resins, and rubber................................................................ Mold cleaner, tir e ................................................... Chief operator......................................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 520 740 560 300 6,340 1,090 2,430 970 1,060 730 1,400 1,780 980 250 1,240 660 1,140 1,790 2,020 980 4,980 530 9,490 1,150 500 670 190 120 110 4,980 530 250 380 830 330 3,640 1,000 960 3,600 1,270 150 1,060 2,230 200 210 16,740 1,360 1,220 1,030 2,090 1,420 280 730 9,020 4,030 0.07 .10 .08 .04 .89 .15 .34 .14 .15 .10 .20 .25 .14 .04 .17 .09 .16 .25 .28 .14 .70 .07 1.33 .16 .07 .09 .03 .02 .02 .70 .07 .04 .05 .12 .05 .51 .14 .14 .51 .18 .02 .15 .31 .03 .03 2.35 .19 .17 .14 .29 .20 .04 .10 1.27 .57 62,430 1,270 6,900 2,350 8.78 .18 .97 1,190 800 660 Bee footnotes at end of table. 49 Relative error (in percentage)2 15 9 12 19 5 8 7 29 12 16 25 11 10 17 20 25 25 9 11 13 9 21 7 14 18 15 35 17 16 6 13 24 19 18 26 7 17 16 10 13 21 10 7 29 33 8 19 15 10 12 19 20 22 4 12 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2 4 2 1 21 6 5 (3) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 5 1 7 2 13 3 (3) 1 1 (3) (3) 10 3 (3) 1 2 1 6 1 2 10 1 1 2 8 (3) (3) 1 1 1 1 3 1 (3) (3) 8 7 3 34 2 17 .33 15 5 12 .17 .11 .09 24 10 15 3 3 2 2 Table 14. Robber and miscellaneous plastics products: Employment, relative error, and percent ©f establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 30) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Weigher, production............................................... Cutter machine....................................................... Embossing, stamping, and/or marking machine operator............................................................. Grinder operator, chemicals, plastics, rubber, and related materials .............................................. Calender operator, plastics or rubber................... Extruder operator, plastics or rubber.................... Extruder operator helper, plastics or rubber........ Heat sealer ............................................................. Pipe and tank liner................................................. Assembler............................................................... Calender operator helper, plastics or rubber....... Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ Bagger plastics....................................................... Blow molding machine operator........................... Caster, plastics....................................................... Laminator, preforms............................................... Press operator, plastics ......................................... Rotation molding machine operator...................... Vacuum plastic forming machine operator........... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,420 2,620 0.34 .37 7 11 9 6 2,290 .32 12 4 4,300 2,660 19,580 11,220 2,310 190 36,520 2,350 .60 .37 2,75 1.58 .32 .03 5.14 .33 7 7 5 7 13 33 5 9 15 7 24 13 3 (3) 23 4 7,300 600 5,930 640 6,460 4,860 1,130 3,990 6,000 25,720 53,720 1.03 .08 .83 .09 .91 .68 .16 .56 .84 3.62 7.56 5 32 9 17 10 10 17 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 24 1 5 1 7 6 1 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. File c le rk ............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement clerk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers......................... 67,470 42,540 480 1,520 1,700 280 1,050 3,910 1,070 540 7,500 2,390 1,910 1,110 820 510 9,500 720 350 1,500 2,180 1,620 1,880 24,930 4,000 9,800 6,290 170 9.49 5.98 .07 .21 .24 .04 .15 .55 .15 .08 1.05 .34 .27 .16 .12 .07 1.34 .10 .05 .21 .31 .23 .26 3.51 .56 1.38 .88 .02 n.a. n.a. 9 13 12 n.a. 35 5 5 10 4 5 4 3 5 7 4 14 8 2 13 6 n.a. n.a. 4 6 2 n.a. n.a. 5 12 9 n.a. 4 24 12 5 41 15 21 15 10 6 50 6 5 22 13 12 n.a. n.a. 23 35 48 2 3,640 1,030 .51 .14 4 n.a. 20 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 11,020 10,280 740 1.55 1.45 .10 n.a. n.a. 38 4 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 3 15 11 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. 50 Leather and Leather Fredyets Establishments which tan, curry, and finish hides and skins or manufacture finished leather and artificial leather products employed 236,190 workers in 1980, or only 1 percent of manufacturing and 3 percent of non durable goods employment. Establishments manufac turing footwear (except rubber) employed 62 percent of the industry’s workers, compared with 13 percent in establishments manufacturing handbags and other per sonal leather goods, and 8 percent in establishments en gaged in tanning, currying, and finishing leather. The 190,440 production and related workers in the industry (table 15) accounted for four-fifths of total in dustry employment. Clerical workers accounted for 10 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 4 percent; sales workers, 51 2 percent; professional and service workers, 1 percent each; and technical workers, 0.3 percent. The five most populous occupations in the industry, all production jobs, are listed in the tabulation below. These occupations made up more than one-fourth of total industry employment. Stitcher, standard machine.......................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipment-nongarment ............................... Die cutter and/or clicking machine operator Assembler..................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment............. Employment Percent o f industry employment 20,590 8.7 16,990 9,690 7,880 7.2 4.1 3.3 5,820 2.5 Table 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 (SIC 31) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................... 236,190 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 9,130 3.87 n.a. 89 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................ . 3,390 600 450 150 180 660 820 320 600 210 1.44 .25 .19 .06 .08 .28 .35 .14 .25 .09 n.a. n.a. 6 10 13 4 7 5 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 5 4 21 22 12 15 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians ......................................... All other technicians.............................................. 720 270 300 150 .30 .11 .13 .06 n.a. 11 26 n.a. n.a. 6 5 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 3,030 2,020 440 100 330 140 1.28 .86 .19 .04 .14 .06 n.a. 2 6 10 11 n.a. n.a. 40 7 3 4 n.a. 190,440 1,030 860 170 70 260 550 180 120 230 5,800 520 4,430 760 1,680 430 1,250 4,150 80.63 .44 .36 .07 .03 .11 .23 .08 .05 .10 2.46 .22 1.88 .32 .71 .18 .53 1.76 n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 20 13 5 10 13 7 3 5 3 5 4 9 8 4 n.a. n.a. 13 n.a. 1 4 13 5 4 8 48 9 33 14 25 6 12 34 16,990 7.19 4 44 5,820 120 2,780 2,250 1,920 950 610 500 1,370 450 1,000 2,450 1,130 830 9,690 550 4,770 2.46 .05 1.18 .95 .81 .40 .26 .21 .58 .19 .42 1.04 .48 .35 4.10 .23 2.02 8 8 3 4 5 6 6 7 5 7 14 5 5 6 2 6 4 21 2 33 22 15 9 12 6 15 10 7 15 15 10 57 13 26 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Presser, hand ......................................................... Presser, machine ................................................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Order fille r.............................................................. Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Skiver...................................................................... Trimmer, machine.................................................. Assembler for puller-over, hand or machine....... Bed laster................................................................ Bottom filler ............................................................ Buffer, hides or skins ............................................. Buffer, shoe p a rts.................................................. Burnisher................................................................. Case maker ............................................................ Cementer, machine joiner...................................... Perforator operator................................................ Cobbler................................................................... Die cutter and/or clicking machine operator....... Flamer .................................................................... Floor worker, footwear........................................... See footnotes at end of table. 52 - Tafoie 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent ofi establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 31) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Folder, machine ..................................................... Glove turner and former ........................................ Glue spreading machine operator, luggage ......... Harness m aker....................................................... Heel attacher.......................................................... Heel builder, hand or machine.............................. Heel seat laster, machine...................................... Heel seat fitter, machine........................................ Inker, hand or machine............. ............................ Laster, hand............................................................ Lasting machine operator, hand method.............. Belt maker, apparel ............................................... Leather stamper, hand........................................... Leather w orker....................................................... Lim er....................................................................... Tanning liquor maker.............................................. Luggage maker ...................................................... Measuring machine operator, leather ................... Molder, fiberglass luggage..................................... Patternmaker.......................................................... Puller-over .............................................................. Repairer, finish ....................................................... Rough rounder, machine ....................................... Saddle maker ......................................................... Seam rubbing machine operator .......................... Seasoner, machine................................................ Seasoning mixer..................................................... Shoe parts sewer, hand......................................... Shank piece tacker................................................ Side laster............................................................... Sole leveler, machine............................................. Sorter, leather......................................................... Splitting machine fe e de r........................................ Sprayer, hand and/or machine............................. Stainer .................................................................... Staker, machine ..................................................... Stitcher, special machine....................................... Stitcher, standard machine.................................... Stitcher, u tility......................................................... Tacker, toggler, and paster ................................... Tanning drum operator and/or colorer, hides or skins.................................................................. Tester ..................................................................... Thermalasting machine operator........................... Toe laster................................................................ Treer ....................................................................... Vulcanizer, footwear............................................... Wringer machine operator..................................... Riveter, light............................................................ Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Vamp creaser......................................................... Splitter, machine .................................................... Fastener, machine................................................. Cementer, paster, backer, or fitter, hand ............. Eyelet machine operator........................................ Molder, shoe parts................................................. Pulling and lasting machine operator.................... Cutter, ha n d ............................................................ Gluer and/or cementer, hand ............................... Instructor, leather or footwear machinery............. Handbag fram er..................................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 910 200 630 160 810 350 620 380 1,040 1,350 290 260 160 240 220 130 2,620 440 110 400 410 2,260 660 130 650 260 110 2,370 470 970 510 1,700 620 1,600 550 470 1,600 20,590 3,120 1,340 0.39 .08 .27 .07 .34 .15 .26 .16 .44 .57 .12 .11 .07 .10 .09 .06 1.11 .19 .05 .17 .17 .96 .28 .06 .28 .11 .05 1.00 .20 .41 .22 .72 .26 .68 .23 .20 .68 8.72 1.32 .57 7 7 9 20 4 12 4 8 5 7 11 30 13 27 13 10 12 9 13 8 7 4 5 19 5 9 10 12 5 4 10 4 6 5 7 9 8 3 6 6 10 3 8 2 14 4 13 6 16 11 4 1 3 2 3 3 5 6 1 8 7 19 11 1 12 3 2 7 11 13 8 23 7 19 9 5 11 29 17 6 860 140 420 780 1,590 380 520 1,810 .36 .06 .18 .33 .67 .16 .22 .77 5 17 12 5 4 17 6 7 7 2 5 10 14 2 6 17 720 670 370 870 1,490 5,640 1,200 530 750 2,930 2,920 320 550 .30 .28 .16 .37 .63 2.39 .51 .22 .32 1.24 1.24 .14 .23 12 5 9 5 5 3 5 11 7 6 6 8 9 4 11 7 17 17 26 24 6 10 29 23 6 5 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 53 Table 15. Leather and leather products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 31) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Embossing, stamping, and/or marking machine operator............................................................. Assembler............................................................... Beamer, hand or m achine..................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,620 7,880 500 1,330 8,590 16,710 1.11 3.34 .21 .56 3.64 7.07 3 5 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 33 33 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d .............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk .................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... 24,640 15,710 220 420 610 190 240 1,560 960 300 3,160 1,130 1,380 280 240 160 1,420 140 100 410 750 1,390 650 8,930 1,030 3,830 2,070 70 10.43 6.65 .09 .18 .26 .08 .10 .66 .41 .13 1.34 .48 .58 .12 .10 .07 .60 .06 .04 .17 .32 .59 .28 3.78 .44 1.62 .88 .03 n.a. n.a. 6 8 11 n.a. 17 13 6 7 10 7 3 4 8 6 5 16 9 3 12 7 n.a. n.a. 5 4 4 31 n.a. n.a. 7 10 8 n.a. 6 20 35 8 38 15 31 12 7 7 35 3 4 19 12 18 n.a. n.a. 17 48 46 2 1,670 260 .71 .11 7 n.a. 22 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales clerk .............................................................. 4,840 4,380 460 2.05 1.85 .19 n.a. 7 13 n.a. 30 6 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 54 St®mes Clays ©lass, and ©@ner®te PredueSs Establishments manufacturing flat glass and other glass products, cement, structural clay products, pot tery, concrete and gypsum products, cut stone, abra sive and asbestos products, and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products employed 665,630 workers, ac counting for 3 percent of manufacturing and nearly 6 percent of durable goods employment in 1980. Employ ing 31 percent of these workers were establishments producing concrete, gypsum, and plaster products; em ploying 21 percent were establishments manufacturing abrasive, asbestos, and miscellaneous nonmetallic min eral products; and employing 19 percent were estab lishments producing pressed or blown glass and glassware. As shown in table 16, the 503,440 production and re lated workers in this industry accounted for three-fourths of total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 9 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. The remaining employ ment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 7 percent; professionals, 3 percent; sales workers, 2 per cent; and technical and service workers, 1 percent each. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing stone, clay, glass, and concrete products are listed in the tabulation below: Truck driver................................................... Supervisor, nonworking ............................... Selector, glassware...................................... Industrial truck operator ............................... Production packager, hand or machine ...... 55 Employment Percent o f industry employment 56,470 23,300 21,130 19,910 18,480 8.5 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.8 Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980 (SIC 32) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................... 665,630 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 48,720 7.32 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Ceramic engineer.............................................. All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. All other physical scientists................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 20,930 8,840 450 610 540 2,210 2,350 1,060 1,620 1,270 160 920 1,740 3,800 410 1,410 620 1,760 3.14 1.33 .07 .09 .08 .33 .35 .16 .24 .19 .02 .14 .26 .57 .06 .21 .09 .26 n.a. n.a. 11 8 9 7 10 7 n.a. 9 n.a. 12 3 3 5 4 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 3 3 10 7 4 n.a. 4 n.a. 3 11 17 3 8 2 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ Mechanical engineering technician................... Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 9,580 850 5,570 2,740 700 650 420 1,060 1,820 1,340 1.44 .13 .84 .41 .11 .10 .06 .16 .27 .20 n.a. 6 n.a. 5 12 22 13 n.a. 13 n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. 10 2 1 2 n.a. 3 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 9,520 7,040 1,560 130 320 470 1.43 1.06 .23 .02 .05 .07 n.a. 3 5 17 18 n.a. n.a. 25 4 (3) 1 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Concrete rubber..................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Driller, machine ...................................................... Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... 503,440 22,000 7,960 890 10,980 2,170 56,470 1,430 1,960 2,910 5,420 1,050 4,630 23,300 5,980 720 19,910 11,950 680 2,580 15,250 3,060 1,670 1,820 3,030 75.63 3.31 1.20 .13 1.65 .33 8.48 .21 .29 .44 .81 .16 .70 3.50 .90 .11 2.99 1.80 .10 .39 2.29 .46 .25 .27 .46 n.a. n.a. 2 9 3 n.a. 2 11 6 3 4 10 3 2 4 8 2 4 8 6 3 6 10 4 6 n.a. n.a. 28 2 15 n.a. 54 4 5 10 11 3 10 36 14 2 38 11 2 6 29 5 2 7 9 See footnotes at end of table. 56 89 Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 32) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Painter, maintenance............................................. Panelboard operator and/or grinding mill panelboard operator......................................... Pipe stripper............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Refractory materials repairer................................. Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... W eaver................................................................... Abrasive grinder..................................................... Belt maker, sanding drums.................................... Beveler................................................................... Blockmaking machine operator............................. Braiding machine operator..................................... Breaker................................................................... Brick and tile making machine operator............... Cage maker, hand or machine.............................. Calender machine operator................................... Caster, pottery and porcelain................................ Chopped strand operator....................................... Concrete pipe m aker............................................. Concrete stone fabricator...................................... Concrete stone finisher.......................................... Contour grinder ...................................................... Cylinder machine tender........................................ Decal applier........................................................... Dipper..................................................................... Drill press and/or boring machine operator.......... Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Finisher, pottery and porcelain.............................. Forming machine operator, glass container......... Forming-machine maintainer, g la ss...................... Furnace combustion analyst ................................. Gatherer.................................................................. Glass blower, glassware and/or laboratory apparatus.......................................................... Glass blowing lathe operator ................................ Glass cut-off machine operator and/or cutting machine operator.............................................. Glass cutter, machine ............................................ Glass grinder and/or watch crystal edge grinder.. Glazier, stained glass and/or jo in e r...................... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal.................................................................. Hand edger and/or belt seamer........................... Jigger operator....................................................... Lathe operator, grinding wheels ........................... Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Refractory molder, hand ........................................ Molding machine operator and/or presser........... Patternmaker, stone cutting .................................. Planer, stone .......................................................... Polisher, glass and/or blocker.............................. Polisher, m old......................................................... Power press te n d e r............................................... Refractory grinder operator................................... Sandblaster, stone................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 530 0.08 7 3 1,520 1,620 860 18,480 750 850 350 350 1,710 5,820 180 1,020 990 1,250 3,840 160 430 2,130 1,570 300 4,690 350 3,520 6,280 650 180 160 460 490 1,240 350 4,080 5,790 2,870 550 660 .23 .24 .13 2.78 .11 .13 .05 .05 .26 .87 .03 .15 .15 .19 .58 .02 .06 .32 .24 .05 .70 .05 .53 .94 .10 .03 .02 .07 .07 .19 .05 .61 .87 .43 .08 .10 8 7 11 5 9 15 9 13 11 9 28 28 31 13 4 29 13 7 5 20 8 43 7 6 12 23 30 15 18 20 20 8 5 7 12 13 3 4 2 12 3 1 1 1 2 12 (3) 1 (3) 1 11 (3) 1 4 5 (3) 3 (3) 6 6 1 1 (3) 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 870 700 .13 .11 15 21 1 1 1,420 1,030 1,410 760 .21 .15 .21 .11 9 10 11 18 2 2 2 1 1,880 920 680 680 810 970 410 290 740 1,120 120 190 1,090 950 2,120 510 750 .28 .14 .10 .10 .12 .15 .06 .04 .11 .17 .02 .03 .16 .14 .32 .08 .11 13 12 15 27 15 16 20 23 15 15 18 19 11 6 15 18 10 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 57 0 1 1 (3) 1 1 1 1 1 3 Table 16. Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 32) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Sawyer, stone......................................................... Screener operator.................................................. Second cutter, hand ............................................... Selector, glassware ............................................... Setter and/or drawer............................................. Slitter creaser slotter operator.............................. Slitting machine operator....................................... Sliver forming and winding operator and/or fiber machine tender ................................................ Sorter...................................................................... Spinner, fram e........................................................ Splitter .................................................................... Spray machine operator......................................... Stone carver, hand ................................................ Stone cutter, hand ................................................. Stone cutter, machine............................................ Stone polisher ........................................................ Tester ..................................................................... Clay turner .............................................................. Press operator........................................................ Painter, production................................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Mixer, stone, clay, glass and related products..... Concrete vault m aker............................................. Floor worker, g la ss................................................ Mill and/or grinder operator, minerals .................. Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. Screen maker, photographic process................... Ware finisher, footcaster and/or handler............. Filter and/or filter press operator......................... Assembler............................................................... Decorator, hand ..................................................... Model and/or mold maker..................................... Furnace, kiln, drier, or oven operator/tender........ Batch plant operator............................................... Clay maker.............................................................. Miller, c la y ............................................................... Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand ............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist................................................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,410 700 960 21,130 6,160 290 930 0.21 .11 .14 3.17 .93 .04 .14 8 15 11 5 5 17 17 3 1 2 3 5 1 1 3,260 2,440 1,500 620 1,300 120 680 400 1,080 2,970 450 6,000 1,690 3,310 4,720 2,770 6,500 3,790 960 90 890 210 11,380 1,590 3,920 11,010 6,580 670 700 .49 .37 .23 .09 .20 .02 .10 .06 .16 .45 .07 .90 .25 .50 .71 .42 .98 .57 .14 .01 .13 .03 1.71 .24 .59 1.65 .99 .10 .11 18 7 33 10 8 21 8 18 7 5 22 9 9 5 6 8 10 6 14 17 18 28 8 13 6 3 2 8 10 (3) 2 (3) 2 2 1 2 1 3 5 1 4 3 9 9 4 2 7 1 (3) 1 (3) 5 2 7 15 32 2 2 1,220 7,200 36,030 62,540 .18 1.08 5.41 9.40 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 60,130 42,280 390 770 1,090 190 670 3,970 6,700 440 7,980 1,890 2,190 770 600 260 7,180 420 220 1,140 1,400 9.03 6.35 .06 .12 .16 .03 .10 .60 1.01 .07 1.20 .28 .33 .12 .09 .04 1.08 .06 .03 .17 .21 n.a. n.a. 11 5 10 n.a. 13 4 2 16 3 6 7 8 5 8 5 9 6 4 5 n.a. n.a. 2 4 4 n.a. 2 18 40 2 33 7 12 5 4 2 30 2 2 9 6 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 58 Tabs© 16. Ston©, day, glass, and eoncirete products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 32) Occupation Office clerical workers— Continued Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers.......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,720 2,290 17,850 2,240 5,400 2,620 540 0.26 .34 2.68 .34 .81 .39 .08 9 n.a. n.a. 7 5 4 18 6 n.a. n.a. 7 12 10 1 2,470 4,030 550 .37 .61 .08 7 2 n.a. 9 23 n.a. 13,310 12,430 880 2.00 1.87 .13 n.a. 5 12 n.a. 33 2 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 59 Primraniry Metal Products Establishments which manufacture primary metal products employed 1.2 million workers in 1980, or 6 percent of manufacturing and 10 percent of durable goods employment. Of these workers, blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills employed 45 percent; iron and steel foundries, 19 percent; and es tablishments engaged in rolling, drawing, and extrud ing nonferrous metals, 18 percent. As shown in table 17, the primary metal products in dustry employed nearly 1million production and related workers, who accounted for 79 percent of total indus try employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 8 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 4 percent; profes sional workers, also 4 percent; service and technical workers, 2 percent each; and sales workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing primary metal products are listed below: Supervisor, nonworking ................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators............ Mechanic, maintenance............................... Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers.......................................... Industrial truck operator............................... 60 Employment Percent o f industry employment 72,140 36,070 31,030 6.0 3.0 2.6 25,580 25,550 2.1 2.1 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 (SIC 33) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T ota l........................................................................... 1,205,100 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 47,550 3.95 n.a. 94 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers......... Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 46,350 21,910 690 900 2,540 4,660 4,870 4,410 900 2,940 2,430 250 2,400 3,850 6,870 1,570 3,970 3,100 3.85 1.82 .06 .07 .21 .39 .40 .37 .07 .24 .20 .02 .20 .32 .57 .13 .33 .26 n.a. n.a. 6 11 7 4 5 4 5 n.a. 4 14 5 2 3 3 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 5 13 24 22 23 11 n.a. 13 1 12 40 34 13 29 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. Electrical and electronic technicians................ Radiographer...................................................... Mechanical engineering technician................... Tool programmer, numerical control................. Spectroscopist ................................................... Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians................................................ All other technicians............................................... 22,320 1,970 13,660 3,700 2,180 680 800 390 1,140 1,820 2,950 4,290 2,400 1.85 .16 1.13 .31 .18 .06 .07 .03 .09 .15 .24 .36 .20 n.a. 5 n.a. 4 10 10 9 12 6 7 n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. 13 n.a. 22 8 4 5 3 8 9 n.a. 12 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 23,540 13,150 7,850 430 1,230 880 1.95 1.09 .65 .04 .10 .07 n.a. 5 5 12 7 n.a. n.a. 43 16 2 7 n.a. 956,430 41,620 5,250 31,030 5,340 10,120 610 3,070 2,720 3,480 36,070 780 24,800 79.37 3.45 .44 2.57 .44 .84 .05 .25 .23 .29 2.99 .06 2.06 n.a. n.a. 7 2 n.a. 5 6 11 10 5 3 7 5 n.a. n.a. 14 23 n.a. 34 5 2 4 14 21 7 31 25,580 72,140 3,470 5,520 25,550 24,630 3,100 15,670 2.12 5.99 .29 .46 2.12 2.04 .26 1.30 3 1 7 9 3 4 7 5 29 58 6 4 37 36 6 24 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver................. ........................................... Blacksmith............................................................... Boilermaker............................................................. Braker, train ............................................................ Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Heater, m etal.......................................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 61 - Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 33) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Dinkey operator...................................................... Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Panelboard operator and/or grinding mill panelboard operator......................................... Pourer, metal .......................................................... Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Refractory materials repairer................................. Sandblaster and/or shotblaster............................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Briquetting machine operator................................ Carbon setter.......................................................... Catcher................................................................... Caster, finished or semifinished products............. Caster, ingots and pigs .......................................... Centrifugal casting machine operator ................... Coiler, winder and/or spooler............................... Coremaker, hand, bench and/or flo o r.................. Coremaker, machine ............................................. Die polisher, wire and/or tubes ............................ Die setter................................................................ Die sinker............................................................... Draw bench operator and/or tube drawer ........... Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Dust operator and/or ore crushing dust collector. Insulating extruding machine operator and/or insulating lead press operator.......................... Extrusion press operator, hot billets...................... Forging press operator........................................... Forging and/or straightening-roll operator........... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal................................................................. Guide setter............................................................ Hammersmith, open d ie ......................................... Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Heater, coke production......................................... Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal............................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom .......................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Mill hand, plate m ill................................................ Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Mixer operator, hot metal ...................................... Molder, bench and/or flo o r................................... Molder, machine..................................................... Molder, pattern....................................................... Patternmaker, metal ............................................... Patternmaker, wood............................................... Pickier, continuous pickling lin e ............................ Plater helper ........................................................... Pot lin e r................................................................... Pot te n de r............................................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 16,660 15,840 22,660 1,360 3,680 3,520 1,660 1.38 1.31 1.88 .11 .31 .29 .14 4 6 7 12 6 9 5 46 22 10 2 15 8 9 1,230 12,110 1,560 9,050 7,880 7,570 3,900 1,340 1,200 3,060 5,320 22,850 350 1,230 1,020 1,070 3,380 730 7,460 6,970 5,170 1,390 520 270 3,710 5,020 620 .10 1.00 .13 .75 .65 .63 .32 .11 .10 .25 .44 1.90 .03 .10 .08 .09 .28 .06 .62 .58 .43 .12 .04 .02 .31 .42 .05 15 3 8 7 5 7 6 9 7 8 6 5 16 12 10 12 6 15 6 10 9 7 12 31 12 6 8 2 31 4 10 12 12 16 4 4 5 15 27 2 1 2 2 6 1 8 21 14 6 2 1 4 12 3 6,090 2,670 990 2,100 .51 .22 .08 .17 8 10 20 7 4 5 2 4 12,030 920 330 10,330 560 5,500 1,100 5,320 1,180 1,820 1,550 300 1,720 670 7,070 10,210 940 2,100 2,090 1,860 970 1,170 4,320 1.00 .08 .03 .86 .05 .46 .09 .44 .10 .15 .13 .02 .14 .06 .59 .85 .08 .17 .17 .15 .08 .10 .36 5 8 18 4 11 7 9 7 11 11 15 12 10 9 4 3 17 11 5 7 11 10 7 21 2 1 20 1 9 4 7 3 5 4 1 5 2 21 22 2 7 10 6 3 2 4 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 62 Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980=Continued (SIC 33) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Pump operator, by-products ................................. Roll builder............................................................. Sampler and/or test preparer............................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Setter, molding and coremaking machine............ Shakeout worker, foundry...................................... Shell mold and/or shell core machine operator.... Slab depiler operator............................................. Slime press and filter operator.............................. Steel pourer helper................................................ Stranding machine operator.................................. Stretcher leveler operator...................................... Striping machine operator, insulated wire ............ Tester ..................................................................... Stove tender and/or blast furnace keeper........... Wax pattern worker ............................................... Wire drawer ............................................................ Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal................................................................. Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Shear and/or slitter se tte r..................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Manipulator, table and/or bed operator ............... Core assembler, paster and/or finisher................ Dip plater, nonelectrolytic ...................................... Furnace operator and/or cupola tender............... Wire weaver............................................................ Mixer, ore and metals ............................................ Furnace charger..................................................... Heating pit charger................................................ Furnace operator helper or heater helper............ Insulation wrapping or braiding machine operator Yard engineer......................................................... Precipitator operator.............................................. Scrap sorter............................................................ Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal................................................................. Mill and/or grinder operator, minerals .................. Sinter press setter and/or operator...................... Coke oven pusher and/or door operator............. Water treatment plant operator, smelting............. Weigher, production............................................... Mold closer, core setter and/or weight and jacket setter................................................................. Tapper, metal ......................................................... Pump operator........................................................ Sand cutter, mixer and/or slinger.......................... Assembler............................................................... Rolling mill operator and/or attendant, rough or finished.............................................................. Rolling mill operator helper, rough or finished...... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled w orkers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 620 1,090 2,040 3,480 1,280 7,400 2,790 270 370 2,560 5,350 1,640 450 6,270 1,530 4,790 10,440 1,910 0.05 .09 .17 .29 .11 .61 .23 .02 .03 .21 .44 .14 .04 .52 .13 .40 .87 .16 12 9 6 6 10 3 6 14 13 7 8 7 16 6 9 13 6 8 1 2 7 9 5 25 8 1 1 5 5 4 2 12 2 3 9 7 8,050 6,420 950 6,410 1,310 1,990 2,450 3,330 1,800 12,150 670 960 5,250 1,330 7,160 2,740 2,080 730 2,380 .67 .53 .08 .53 .11 .17 .20 .28 .15 1.01 .06 .08 .44 .11 .59 .23 .17 .06 .20 5 5 12 6 12 10 10 5 10 3 27 10 5 8 4 9 9 16 8 8 10 3 10 4 4 3 9 3 42 0 3 14 3 19 3 4 2 8 1,740 2,280 1,050 1,660 570 2,230 .14 .19 .09 .14 .05 .19 10 7 24 12 13 4 5 1 1 3,210 1,880 1,630 2,860 11,460 .27 .16 .14 .24 .95 10 9,590 4,710 17,650 87,940 117,330 .80 .39 1.46 7.30 9.74 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 98,230 62,750 1,020 1,930 3,010 790 8.15 5.21 .08 .16 .25 .07 n.a. n.a. 6 4 4 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 63 7 7 9 3 8 8 5 3 4 14 16 5 11 8 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 17 15 n.a. Table 17. Primary metal products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1iS0=Continu®d (SIC 33) Occupation Office clerical workers—Continued Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d .............................................. File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,040 6,440 1,950 1,170 9,420 2,400 4,100 1,860 1,310 490 9,630 1,290 560 1,720 4,400 3,900 3,320 35,480 10,260 6,720 5,530 1,400 0.17 .53 .16 .10 .78 .20 .34 .15 .11 .04 .80 .11 .05 .14 .37 .32 .28 2.94 .85 .56 .46 .12 6 5 4 6 6 5 3 4 4 5 3 9 5 2 3 6 n.a. n.a. 5 4 3 8 8 30 23 9 35 14 32 20 15 8 49 6 7 28 21 16 n.a. n.a. 35 29 39 7 6,510 5,060 .54 .42 5 n.a. 26 n.a. 10,680 9,860 820 .89 .82 .07 n.a. 3 8 n.a. 36 6 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 3 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 64 Fabricated M®M Products, E^e@pft Machinery amid] Transportation Equipment This industry, which includes establishments which fabricate ferrous and nonferrous metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment, employed nearly 1.6 million workers, or 8 percent of manufactur ing and 13 percent of durable goods employment in 1980. The three largest employers of these workers were: Establishments fabricating structural metal prod ucts, with 32 percent of industry employment; those manufacturing metal forgings or metal stampings, 16 percent; and those fabricating miscellaneous metal prod ucts, also with 16 percent. The fabricated metal products industry employed nearly 1.2 million production and related workers, who accounted for 74 percent of total industry employment (table 18). Clerical workers accounted for 10 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. The remain ing employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 7 percent; professional workers, 4 percent; technical and sales workers, 2 percent each; and serv ice workers, nearly 2 percent. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the industry: Assembler.................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter......................... Punch press operator, metal ..................... Supervisor, nonworking .............................. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, m etal.......................................................... 65 Employment Percent o f industry employment 114,350 84,700 75,310 57,670 7.2 5.4 4.8 3.7 35,330 2.2 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 34) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T ota l........................................................................... 1,579,960 100.00 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation - - 93 Managers and officers............................................... 103,670 6.56 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers........ All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 67,110 27,450 330 1,510 1,520 8,380 11,680 790 3,240 890 1,960 8,020 10,400 5,980 980 4,060 2,870 4,500 4.25 1.74 .02 .10 .10 .53 .74 .05 .21 .06 .12 .51 .66 .38 .06 .26 .18 .28 n.a. n.a. 9 9 9 3 3 8 n.a. 10 5 1 2 2 3 2 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 2 3 13 20 2 n.a. 2 5 27 26 15 4 14 5 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. Electrical and electronic technicians ................ Mechanical engineering technician................... Tool programmer, numerical control................. All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 33,650 2,740 27,110 18,800 1,490 2,250 1,120 3,450 1,530 2,270 2.13 .17 1.72 1.19 .09 .14 .07 .22 .10 .14 n.a. 4 n.a. 3 9 7 5 n.a. 14 n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. 25 2 3 3 n.a. 2 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 25,750 18,010 4,740 350 1,630 1,020 1.63 1.14 .30 .02 .10 .06 n.a. 2 4 12 7 n.a. n.a. 36 5 1 2 n.a. 1,164,180 29,490 1,940 25,330 2,220 15,040 2,960 600 2,050 2,010 6,850 1,900 9,160 73.68 1.87 .12 1.60 .14 .95 .19 .04 .13 .13 .43 .12 .58 n.a. n.a. 5 3 n.a. 2 11 14 16 9 4 6 4 n.a. n.a. 5 26 n.a. 31 1 1 1 4 7 4 12 24,080 57,670 1,630 1,920 1,850 25,600 32,420 13,670 12,890 31,200 11,530 1.52 3.65 .10 .12 .12 1.62 2.05 .87 .82 1.97 .73 3 1 12 11 9 3 3 4 2 3 6 16 52 1 1 2 26 27 12 18 22 4 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Automatic spring coiling machine operator.......... Blacksmith............................................................... Boilermaker............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers............................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Glazier .................................................................... Heater, m etal.......................................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Metal fabricator...................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 66 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Millwright ................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Pourer, metal .......................................................... Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Refractory materials repairer................................. Roll forming machine operator.............................. Sandblaster and/or shotblaster............................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Structural steel w orker........................................... Tool and die m aker............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Coremaker, hand, bench and/or flo o r.................. Coremaker, machine ............................................. Die setter................................................................. Die sinker................................................................ Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Forging press operator........................................... Forging and/or straightening-roll operator........... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal.................................................................. Hammersmith, open d ie ......................................... Header operator..................................................... Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal............................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom ........................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Molder, bench and/or flo o r................................... Molder, machine..................................................... Patternmaker, metal .............................................. Patternmaker, wood............................................... Plater helper ........................................................... Power screwdriver operator................................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Shakeout worker, foundry...................................... Tester ..................................................................... Wire drawer ............................................................ Woodworking machine operator........................... Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal.................................................................. Riveter, heavy......................................................... Riveter, light............................................................ Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Shear and/or slitter s e tte r..................................... Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Loading machine operator.................... ................. Dip plater, nonelectrolytic...................................... Furnace operator and/or cupola tender............... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 5,930 1,300 6,420 1,100 820 17,760 3,310 2,600 25,970 320 4,380 3,300 23,020 420 750 4,040 28,780 84,700 440 500 2,430 1,120 24,080 930 3,750 1,740 0.38 .08 .41 .07 .05 1.12 .21 .16 1.64 .02 .28 .21 1.46 .03 .05 .26 1.82 5.36 .03 .03 .15 .07 1.52 .06 .24 .11 6 4 4 6 12 4 9 10 3 14 7 5 5 9 8 12 4 2 13 16 7 12 3 17 8 11 5 4 7 3 1 13 2 2 22 1 4 6 9 1 1 1 23 36 1 1 2 1 19 1 2 1 22,370 2,710 3,820 3,790 35,330 7,760 33,340 6,870 6,140 11,080 6,930 780 1,130 660 410 16,690 1,380 4,050 650 4,390 1,820 1,240 20,210 1.42 .17 .24 .24 2.24 .49 2.11 .43 .39 .70 .44 .05 .07 .04 .03 1.06 .09 .26 .04 .28 .12 .08 1.28 3 12 7 4 3 4 3 7 5 4 5 13 11 15 13 4 12 5 11 4 13 14 3 18 ■1 1 4 18 11 18 5 6 11 5 1 1 1 1 11 1 7 1 5 1 1 25 1,620 530 2,250 75,310 8,920 11,800 2,280 .10 .03 .14 4.77 .56 .75 .14 15 18 9 3 5 3 6 ' 2,470 2,280 810 3,860 1,250 .16 .14 .05 .24 .08 11 7 17 7 8 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 67 1 0 2 31 8 18 4 1 2 (3) 5 2 Table 18. Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 34) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Fitter, structural metal ............................................ Multi-slide machine operator................................. Bodymaker operator, tin c a n ................................. Wire weaver............................................................ Furnace operator helper or heater helper............ Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal................................................................. Assembler.............................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 14,440 2,310 3,350 2,410 800 0.91 .15 .21 .15 .05 5 11 9 14 12 8 2 1 1 1 17,770 114,350 18,980 59,400 89,010 1.12 7.24 1.20 3.76 5.63 4 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 18 31 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand.............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 154,800 110,940 1,310 3,280 3,490 1,330 2,130 8,150 10,330 2,090 23,100 4,270 5,450 2,160 1,890 1,020 22,020 930 740 3,780 5,750 4,120 3,600 43,860 10,640 10,660 10,300 9.80 7.02 .08 .21 .22 .08 .13 .52 .65 .13 1.46 .27 .34 .14 .12 .06 1.39 .06 .05 .24 .36 .26 .23 2.78 .67 .67 .65 n.a. n.a. 4 3 2 n.a. 10 2 2 4 2 3 2 2 3 5 2 6 4 2 3 3 n.a. n.a. 3 3 2 n.a. n.a. 5 11 8 n.a. 4 17 33 6 42 9 18 9 7 5 45 3 3 19 10 9 n.a. n.a. 18 14 25 9,920 2,340 .63 .15 2 n.a. 17 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 30,800 29,210 1,590 1.95 1.85 .10 n.a. 2 6 n.a. 36 4 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. n.a. Not available. 68 Machinery, except Electrics!! and Transportation Equipment Manufacturers of machinery and equipment, other than electrical or transportation equipment, employed 2.5 million workers in 1980, or 12 percent of manufac turing and 20 percent of durable goods employment. The three largest employers of these workers were: Es tablishments manufacturing office, computing, and ac counting machines, with 17 percent of industry employ ment; establishments manufacturing construction, min ing, and materials handling equipment, 16 percent; and establishments manufacturing metalworking machinery and equipment, 15 percent. As shown in table 19, the 1.5 million production and related workers accounted for 61 percent of total in dustry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 13 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Professional workers, 9 percent; managers and officers, 8 percent; technical workers, 5 percent; and sales and service workers, 2 percent each. The five most populous occupations in the industry are listed in the tabulation below: Machine assembler......................................... Welder and/or flamecutter............................ Machine tool operator, combination............ Supervisor, nonworking ................................. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, m etal................................................................ 69 Employment Percent o f industry employment 125,350 106,320 78,310 74,270 5.0 4.3 3.1 3.0 72,020 2.9 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 35) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T ota l........................................................................... 2,497,290 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 195,830 7.84 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer.............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers........ All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists...... Systems analyst, business..................................... Systems analyst, scientific and technical ............. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. Contract administrator............................................ All other professional workers............................... 234,740 124,620 1,090 1,560 34,220 32,320 36,590 1,510 17,330 980 440 6,830 4,540 16,870 23,250 2,050 5,300 4,310 1,590 8,760 9,940 2,520 22,740 9.40 4.99 .04 .06 1.37 1.29 1.47 .06 .69 .04 .02 .27 .18 .68 .93 .08 .21 .17 .06 .35 .40 .10 .91 n.a. n.a. 10 11 1 6 3 7 n.a. 19 28 10 13 2 5 5 4 6 3 6 5 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 12 20 23 2 n.a. 1 (3) 6 2 25 27 3 9 4 4 13 7 4 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer, business........................... Computer programmer, scientific and technical .... Enqineerina technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ Mechanical engineering technician................... Tool programmer, numerical control................. Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians............................................... 134,550 15,140 13,310 98,290 35,750 33,310 9,040 4,380 5,680 10,130 2,140 5,670 5.39 .61 .53 3.94 1.43 1.33 .36 .18 .23 .41 .09 .23 n.a. 12 14 n.a. 2 6 8 4 7 n.a. 13 n.a. n.a. 8 3 n.a. 30 9 5 7 5 n.a. 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 39,900 28,890 5,330 860 2,060 2,760 1.60 1.16 .21 .03 .08 .11 n.a. 2 5 11 9 n.a. n.a. 38 4 1 2 n.a. 1,515,640 30,480 3,260 16,950 60.69 1.22 .13 .68 n.a. n.a. 10 3 n.a. n.a. 3 11 500 .02 29 1,540 1,890 6,340 7,460 350 2,080 3,260 5,450 1,570 .06 .08 .25 .30 .01 .08 .13 .22 .06 10 40 n.a. 3 34 31 9 5 7 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer......................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Data processing machine repairer.................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Blacksmith............................................................... Boilermaker............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ See footnotes at end of table. 70 89 (3) 1 (3) n.a. 13 1 (3) 4 3 4 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Electrician............................................................... Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers............................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Gear cutting, gear grinding and/or gear shaping machine operator............................................. Heater, m etal.......................................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist............................................................... . Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Pourer, metal .......................................................... Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Refractory materials repairer................................. Sandblaster and/or shotblaster............................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Coremaker, hand, bench and/or flo o r.................. Coremaker, machine ............................................. Die setter...........................:.................................... Die sinker................................................................ Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Forging press operator........................................... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal................................................................. Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal........................................... Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom .......................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Molder, bench and/or flo o r................................... Molder, machine..................................................... Patternmaker, metal .............................................. Patternmaker, wood............................................... Plater helper........................................................... Power screwdriver operator................................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Shakeout worker, foundry...................................... Tester ..................................................................... Woodworking machine operator........................... Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal................................................................. Riveter, heavy......................................................... Riveter, light............................................................ Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 13,130 0.53 4 10 26,820 74,270 1.07 2.97 3 2 15 41 8,550 750 1,660 25,950 54,030 1,030 54,450 15,020 17,190 11,260 1,750 9,590 1,940 1,250 1,910 4,760 9,740 370 3,080 20,310 420 790 61,860 106,320 1,330 660 660 430 58,070 1,800 1,470 .34 .03 .07 1.04 2.16 .04 2.18 .60 .69 .45 .07 .38 .08 .05 .08 .19 .39 .01 .12 .81 .02 .03 2.48 4.26 .05 .03 .03 .02 2.33 .07 .06 6 17 14 3 3 12 2 4 5 6 6 6 7 9 8 8 5 15 6 4 10 9 2 2 13 14 11 30 3 12 15 4 (3) 1 . 18 22 1 27 14 7 6 3 5 3 1 2 2 5 (3) 4 9 1 1 30 39 1 (3) 1 (3) 28 1 1 58,870 6,320 72,020 5,190 78,310 45,220 14,190 19,640 36,920 2,160 2,390 3,860 3,740 930 2,330 4,800 960 14,380 1,200 17,240 2.36 .25 2.88 .21 3.14 1.81 .57 .79 1.48 .09 .10 .15 .15 .04 .09 .19 .04 .58 .05 .69 3 5 2 7 2 2 5 5 3 8 11 11 9 11 21 4 10 6 13 2 23 4 33 4 30 23 8 13 21 1 1 2 2 1 0 7 1 6 1 20 1,520 270 920 24,870 3,610 4,930 .06 .01 .04 1.00 .14 .20 15 28 10 3 7 5 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 71 1 (3) 1 15 4 5 Table 19. Machinery, except electrical and transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 35) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Shear and/or slitter se tte r..................................... Coil w inder.............................................................. Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics ............................................. Balancing machine operator.................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Dip plater, nonelectrolytic...................................... Furnace operator and/or cupola tender............... Furnace operator helper or heater helper............ Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal................................................................. Sand cutter, mixer and/or slinger......................... Machine assembler................................................ Electromechanical equipment assembler............. Electrical and electronic assembler....................... All other assemblers.............................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,660 2,260 0.07 .09 8 15 2 1 3,060 1,110 930 940 1,630 530 .12 .04 .04 .04 .07 .02 11 7 13 11 8 11 1 2 1 1 2 1 10,270 630 125,350 36,530 48,940 48,590 23,320 62,510 77,320 .41 .03 5.02 1.46 1.96 1.95 .93 2.50 . 3.10 4 15 2 4 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 1 26 5 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers......................... 332,490 229,120 1,910 8,910 8,100 2,030 3,570 4,720 18,950 3,550 4,430 47,590 7,650 6,880 3,810 4,140 1,750 53,240 1,990 1,420 4,500 13,000 7,450 19,530 103,370 30,890 14,510 15,070 13.31 9.17 .08 .36 .32 .08 .14 .19 .76 .14 .18 1.91 .31 .28 .15 .17 .07 2.13 .08 .06 .18 .52 .30 .78 4.14 1.24 .58 .60 n.a. n.a. 5 9 4 7 n.a. 5 2 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 5 4 7 5 2 3 5 n.a. n.a. 4 3 2 n.a. n.a. 4 10 9 2 n.a. 4 17 9 6 46 9 15 9 8 5 50 3 3 16 12 7 n.a. n.a. 23 13 21 35,900 7,000 1.44 .28 3 n.a. 31 n.a. Sales occupations...................................... ............... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 44,140 42,390 1,750 1.77 1.70 .07 n.a. 2 6 n.a. 31 2 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. Not available. 72 Eteetrneal and ES®©Sr@sile Machinery, Equipment, and Suppltei Manufacturers of electrical and electronic machin ery, equipment, and supplies employed nearly 2.1 mil lion workers, or 10 percent of manufacturing and 17 percent of durable goods employment in 1980. Estab lishments manufacturing electronic components and ac cessories employed 27 percent of the industry’s workers; establishments manufacturing communications equip ment, 26 percent; and those manufacturing electrical industrial apparatus, II percent. The industry employed nearly 1.3 million production and related workers, accounting for three-fifths of to tal industry employment (table 20). Professional workers accounted for 12 percent; most of these were engineers. Clerical workers, primarily office clerical workers, also accounted for 12 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 6 percent; technical workers, also 6 percent; and service and sales workers, 1 percent each. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies are listed in the tabulation below: Electrical and electronic assembler....... Electrical and electronic engineer.......... Inspector.................................................. Electrical and electronic technician....... Supervisor, nonworking .......................... 73 Employment Percent o f industry employment 190,660 82,620 62,670 61,980 59,090 9.2 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 36) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T ota l........................................................................... 2,079,640 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 133,520 6.42 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers........ All other engineers............................................. Mathematician ........................................................ Statistician............................................................... Chemist ................................................................... Physicist .................................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, business..................................... Systems analyst, scientific and technical ............. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer.................................................................. Contract administrator............................................ All other professional workers............................... 255,880 153,150 2,160 82,620 28,310 18,680 710 20,670 900 600 1,100 2,120 1,030 6,370 4,020 13,120 17,710 2,570 3,670 4,230 1,430 1,680 8,200 5,040 4,440 24,500 12.30 7.36 .10 3.97 1.36 .90 .03 .99 .04 .03 .05 .10 .05 .31 .19 .63 .85 .12 .18 .20 .07 .08 .39 .24 .21 1.18 n.a. n.a. 15 2 9 7 12 n.a. 31 16 8 23 42 13 13 3 6 11 9 10 18 5 6 7 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 46 32 28 3 n.a. 1 2 5 2 1 12 5 54 40 8 15 10 3 12 31 12 11 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer, business........................... Computer programmer, scientific and technical .... Engineering technicians, t o t a l............ .............. Drafter................................................................. Electrical and electronic technicians................ Mechanical engineering technician................... Tool programmer, numerical control................. Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians............................................... 129,720 7,220 5,620 107,420 19,800 61,980 8,340 1,300 3,310 12,690 2,620 6,840 6.24 .35 .27 5.17 .95 2.98 .40 .06 .16 .61 .13 .33 n.a. 14 12 n.a. 4 5 8 8 10 n.a. 13 n.a. n.a. 16 7 n.a. 38 39 11 6 11 n.a. 4 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers ....................................... 29,310 17,120 6,510 1,190 2,430 2,060 1.41 .82 .31 .06 .12 .10 n.a. 4 6 17 8 n.a. n.a. 42 10 2 7 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Electric motor repairer....................................... Electrical instrument repairer ............................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers................................................ 1,254,920 29,130 810 2,280 3,370 17,860 4,810 4,860 1,910 1,260 1,430 10,120 60.34 1.40 .04 .11 .16 .86 .23 .23 .09 .06 .07 .49 n.a. n.a. 11 12 19 4 n.a. 6 7 12 9 6 n.a. n.a. 3 4 5 22 n.a. 17 9 3 6 19 6,740 .32 9 8 See footnotes at end of table. 74 94 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Gear cutting, gear grinding and/or gear shaping machine operator............................................. Heater, m etal.......................................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Pourer, metal .......................................................... Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Die setter................................................................. Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Forging press operator........................................... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal.................................................................. Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal............................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom ........................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Molder, bench and/or flo o r................................... Molder, machine..................................................... Patternmaker, metal ............................................... Plater helper ........................................................... Power screwdriver operator................................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Tester ..................................................................... Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal.................................................................. Wirer, electronic ..................................................... Impregnator, electronic .......................................... Riveter, lig h t............................................................ Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Shear and/or slitter se tte r..................................... Coil winder.............................................................. Coil taper, hand or machine.................................. Encapsulator........................................................... Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Coil finisher............................................................. Balancing machine operator.................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 59,090 2.84 4 50 1,300 630 250 14,200 62,670 1,940 13,030 11,390 4,300 4,010 930 8,270 1,230 640 7,060 2,910 1,190 15,710 5,330 360 1,400 17,040 15,110 1,090 10,650 3,120 410 .06 .03 .01 .68 3.01 .09 .63 .55 .21 .19 .04 .40 .06 .03 .34 .14 .06 .76 .26 .02 .07 .82 .73 .05 .51 .15 .02 13 28 27 4 4 18 8 6 7 10 7 9 10 11 9 10 12 6 6 10 11 5 8 10 6 12 26 3 1 0 18 36 4 19 28 10 5 5 11 5 2 10 5 4 16 9 2 3 22 18 2 15 5 1 6,590 1,310 10,730 1,460 15,150 6,140 3,950 7,920 4,160 630 2,170 270 3,560 3,610 1,210 35,680 9,650 .32 .06 .52 .07 .73 .30 .19 .38 .20 .03 .10 .01 .17 .17 .06 1.72 .46 9 10 6 19 9 8 8 10 7 26 13 15 9 18 18 5 5 9 4 13 3 12 9 8 9 8 1 2 1 6 2 4 25 22 2,810 28,760 2,010 2,670 20,810 3,980 2,300 620 25,640 3,510 5,870 .14 1.38 .10 .13 1.00 .19 .11 .03 1.23 .17 .28 7 6 10 16 5 7 8 10 5 11 22 4 16 5 4 20 10 8 3 17 4 7 12,170 12,720 660 4,070 .59 .61 .03 .20 7 11 10 20 8 8 2 2 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 75 Table 20. Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 36) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Dip plater, nonelectrolytic...................................... Furnace operator and/or cupola tender............... Furnace operator helper or heater helper............ Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal................................................................. Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. Machine assembler................................................ Instrument maker and/or assembler..................... Electromechanical equipment assembler............. Electrical and electronic assembler....................... All other assemblers.............................................. Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,640 830 280 0.13 .04 .01 11 9 17 5 2 1 4,140 3,470 29,110 7,440 41,600 190,660 147,350 .20 .17 1.40 .36 2.00 9.17 7.09 9 11 7 14 7 2 n.a. 9 6 9 3 12 34 n.a. 2,460 23,170 118,570 119,700 .12 1.11 5.70 5.76 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... 255,900 180,820 1,100 6,300 6,510 2,050 2,850 3,440 15,510 4,080 4,060 23,230 6,730 5,920 4,460 4,260 1,750 41,880 1,940 1,220 3,720 13,620 8,410 17,780 75,080 23,660 11,460 12,060 12.31 8.69 .05 .30 .31 .10 .14 .17 .75 .20 .20 1.12 .32 .28 .21 .20 .08 2.01 .09 .06 .18 .65 .40 .85 3.61 1.14 .55 .58 n.a. n.a. 7 7 4 11 n.a. 10 4 6 7 6 6 4 6 7 6 7 12 5 3 4 9 n.a. n.a. 5 4 3 n.a. n.a. 7 22 20 7 n.a. 8 39 25 13 32 20 33 24 19 13 56 6 8 34 28 17 n.a. n.a. 37 31 48 21,670 6,230 1.04 .30 4 n.a. 40 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 20,390 18,660 1,730 .98 .90 .08 n.a. 4 8 n.a. 35 6 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. Not available. 76 Transportation Equipment Establishments which manufacture transportation equipment employed 1.8 million workers, or 9 percent of manufacturing and 15 percent of durable goods em ployment in 1980. Employers of these workers included establishments manufacturing motor vehicles and mo tor vehicle equipment, with 40 percent of industry em ployment; those manufacturing aircraft and parts, 36 percent; and those engaged in ship and boat building and repair, 12 percent. As shown in table 21, the transportation equipment industry employed nearly 1.2 million production and related workers, who accounted for 65 percent of total industry employment. Professionals ranked second with 13 percent. Fifty-five percent of these were engineers. 77 The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Clerical workers, 10 percent; managers and officers, 6 percent; technical workers, 4 percent; service workers, 2 percent; and sales workers, less than 1 percent of to tal industry employment. The five most populous occupations in manufactur ing transportation equipment are listed below: Welder and/or flamecutter........................... Inspector....................................................... Supervisor, nonworking ............................... Aircraft structure and surfaces assembler ... Machine assembler...................................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 87,770 67,680 67,600 34,880 34,600 4.8 3.7 3.7 1.9 1.9 Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980 (SIC 37) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l........................................................................... 1,835,070 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 106,320 5.79 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Aeronautical engineer........................................ Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers ......... All other engineers............................................. Mathematician........................................................ Statistician............................................................... All other mathematical scientists.......................... Chemist.................................................................. All other physical scientists................................... Economist .............................................................. Systems analyst, business..................................... Systems analyst, scientific and technical............. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 240,400 131,830 26,660 1,040 1,660 14,250 21,760 19,550 1,520 45,390 960 1,860 360 980 5,600 680 4,210 2,020 13,570 15,610 3,150 4,120 1,660 8,270 6,420 39,100 13.10 7.18 1.45 .06 .09 .78 1.19 1.07 .08 2.47 .05 .10 .02 .05 .31 .04 .23 .11 .74 .85 .17 .22 .09 .45 .35 2.13 n.a. n.a. 7 26 21 18 10 9 15 n.a. 39 17 n.a. 15 n.a. 44 14 16 9 10 16 15 5 10 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 3 3 10 26 25 6 n.a. 1 4 n.a. 4 n.a. 0 9 4 53 33 6 6 13 28 9 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer, business.......................... Computer programmer, scientific and technical .... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians ................ Mechanical engineering technician................... Tool programmer, numerical control................. Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 72,110 3,930 1,550 55,280 12,810 12,220 10,840 2,090 3,970 13,350 1,700 9,650 3.93 .21 .08 3.01 .70 .67 .59 .11 .22 .73 .09 .53 n.a. 11 15 n.a. 14 25 21 19 22 n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 14 4 n.a. 29 8 8 7 9 n.a. 2 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 40,480 25,320 10,200 980 1,660 2,320 2.21 1.38 .56 .05 .09 .13 n.a. 4 7 23 9 n.a. n.a. 44 15 2 7 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, aircraft.............................................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Marine mechanic and/or repairer..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Boilermaker............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... 1,188,110 64,190 24,490 6,790 4,140 19,440 9,330 7,260 1,920 13,330 6,430 1,080 25,970 64.74 3.50 1.33 .37 .23 1.06 .51 .40 .10 .73 .35 .06 1.42 n.a. n.a. 2 8 12 5 n.a. 6 18 6 7 9 7 n.a. n.a. 4 19 4 21 n.a. 29 2 25 12 7 29 See footnotes at end of table. 78 92 Table 21. Transportation equipment: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers............................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Gear cutting, gear grinding and/or gear shaping machine operator.............................................. Heater, m etal.......................................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Instrument repairer................................................. Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Pourer, m etal.......................................................... Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Sheet metal worker ................................................ Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Shiprigger................................................................ Tool and die m aker............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Coremaker, hand, bench and/or flo o r.................. Coremaker, machine .............................................. Die setter................................................................. Drill press and/or boring machine operator.......... Fabricator, plastics................................................. Forging press operator........................................... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal.................................................................. Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Lay-out marker, w o o d ............................................ Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal............................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom ........................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Molder, bench and/or flo o r................................... Molder, machine..................................................... Patternmaker, metal ............................................... Patternmaker, wood................................................ Plater helper........................................................... Power screwdriver operator................................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Shipfitter.................................................................. Shipwright................................................................ Tester ..................................................................... Woodworking machine operator............................ Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal.................................................................. Riveter, heavy......................................................... Riveter, light............................................................ Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 18,410 67,600 1.00 3.68 7 5 19 53 3,990 550 4,470 23,230 67,680 1,160 15,780 6,780 11,150 10,370 2,180 2,740 3,680 260 2,510 19,220 3,340 .22 .03 .24 1.27 3.69 .06 .86 .37 .61 .57 .12 .15 .20 .01 .14 1.05 .18 9 11 10 4 3 16 9 6 6 6 5 10 7 19 10 9 8 5 1 5 27 33 4 19 21 20 9 9 7 10 1 4 15 7 2,560 .14 16 4 740 16,950 420 1,540 2,570 25,530 87,770 560 400 480 23,080 5,350 1,280 .04 .92 .02 .08 .14 1.39 4.78 .03 .02 .03 1.26 .29 .07 24 7 13 8 15 12 3 23 38 14 7 20 14 2 17 2 5 2 21 50 (3) (3) 2 20 2 2 17,780 3,810 180 23,080 1,810 25,600 10,050 10,040 15,140 14,740 410 480 1,190 1,070 720 640 2,420 15,420 2,830 7,110 1,730 28,150 .97 .21 .01 1.26 .10 1.40 .55 .55 .83 .80 .02 .03 .06 .06 .04 .03 .13 .84 .15 .39 .09 1.53 7 7 27 7 9 4 8 10 7 10 20 14 17 28 13 15 20 8 25 10 15 5 18 7 1 20 6 19 10 10 13 14 1 1 2 3 2 1 6 6 2 9 6 40 720 3,200 2,440 .04 .17 .13 13 45 12 1 2 4 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 79 Table 21. TransporSafiton equipment: Emptoyment, relative error, and! pereentt ©fi establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1980—Continued (SIC 37) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Shear and/or slitter se tte r..................................... Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Dip plater, nonelectrolytic...................................... Furnace operator and/or cupola tender............... Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal.................................................... ............. Driver, assembly lin e .............................................. Aircraft structure and surfaces assembler............ Machine assembler................................................ Electromechanical equipment assembler............. Electrical and electronic assembler....................... All other assemblers.............................................. Laminator, preforms............................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 18,530 2,290 2,320 1,150 1.01 .12 .13 .06 6 9 8 14 19 6 8 4 2,440 4,100 660 350 .13 .22 .04 .02 13 10 20 14 3 3 3 2 6,860 760 34,880 34,600 5,860 12,740 96,410 10,930 23,830 103,890 80,240 .37 .04 1.90 1.89 .32 .69 5.25 .60 1.30 5.66 4.37 8 20 6 5 12 15 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 2 3 14 4 5 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand.............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... 178,180 113,440 430 3,150 4,170 1,480 4,530 4,270 6,660 2,360 2,710 21,700 1,800 3,980 2,600 2,320 790 22,610 2,060 880 1,300 6,290 5,330 12,020 64,740 24,080 4,610 8,420 9.71 6.18 .02 .17 .23 .08 .25 .23 .36 .13 .15 1.18 .10 .22 .14 .13 .04 1.23 .11 .05 .07 .34 .29 .66 3.53 1.31 .25 .46 n.a. n.a. 6 7 6 16 n.a. 15 5 6 21 8 9 5 13 12 9 9 23 9 3 11 19 n.a. n.a. 13 7 5 n.a. n.a. 5 18 18 5 n.a. 9 29 15 8 43 11 29 18 12 10 56 5 8 22 18 14 n.a. n.a. 31 16 31 22,230 5,400 1.21 .29 9 n.a. 33 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 9,470 8,640 830 .52 .47 .05 n.a. 5 10 n.a. 35 5 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 80 tetrymfsmtg amid] Related Products In 1980, establishments which manufacture instru ments, ophthalmic goods, photographic equipment and supplies, and watches and clocks employed 709,760 workers, accounting for 4 percent of manufacturing and 6 percent of durable goods employment. Workers in establishments producing measuring and controlling in struments constituted 34 percent of industry employ ment; establishments manufacturing surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies, 22 percent; and those manufacturing photographic equipment and sup plies, 19 percent. The industry’s 381,320 production and related workers accounted for 54 percent of total industry em ployment (table 22). Clerical workers ranked second 81 with 15 percent. Most of these were office clerical workers. Professional workers accounted for 12 per cent; managers and officers, 9 percent; technical workers, 7 percent; and sales and service workers, 2 percent each. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the industry: Electrical and electronic assembler............ Instrument maker and/or assembler......... Electrical and electronic engineer............... Electrical and electronic technician............ Inspector....................................................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 32,360 21,470 18,850 18,160 17,510 4.6 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 (SIC 38) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal........................................................................... 709,760 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 61,500 8.66 n.a. 93 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists ........ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 82,460 40,330 1,010 18,850 5,870 6,040 8,560 1,680 1,130 2,600 5,790 5,800 1,400 1,390 400 2,390 1,930 17,620 11.62 5.68 .14 2.66 .83 .85 1.21 .24 .16 .37 .82 .82 .20 .20 .06 .34 .27 2.48 n.a. n.a. 12 8 11 6 n.a. 8 14 9 4 6 15 11 6 5 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 30 19 21 n.a. 8 3 11 47 26 10 8 6 19 9 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians ................ Mechanical engineering technician................... Tool programmer, numerical control................. Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... Prosthetist-orthotist.......... .................................... All other technicians.............................................. 52,840 2,940 36,500 7,180 18,160 2,700 510 1,210 6,740 2,750 730 9,920 7.44 .41 5.14 1.01 2.56 .38 .07 .17 .95 .39 .10 1.40 n.a. 6 n.a. 4 7 7 8 14 n.a. 11 26 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 35 31 12 5 7 n.a. 6 3 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 12,130 6,930 1,420 440 680 2,660 1.71 .98 .20 .06 .10 .37 n.a. 5 8 21 8 n.a. n.a. 35 5 2 6 n.a. 381,320 5,250 170 3,840 1,240 720 1,030 470 1,640 53.73 .74 .02 .54 .17 .10 .15 .07 .23 n.a. n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. 1 12 n.a. 3,060 15,730 .43 2.22 10 3 8 41 310 2,130 17,510 2,550 4,620 6,750 4,480 1,040 460 100 .04 .30 2.47 .36 .65 .95 .63 .15 .06 .01 13 11 4 13 12 2 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers............................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Gear cutting, gear grinding and/or gear shaping machine operator............................................. Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Lens grinder............................................................ Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 82 7 n.a. 10 24 14 6 7 6 10 14 12 - 7 6 7 11 7 35 8 6 23 25 7 3 1 Table 22. Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 38) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter ................................. •... Optician, dispensing and/or optical mechanic...... Chemical operator A .............................................. Chemical operator B .............................................. Chemical operator helper ...................................... Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal.................................................................. Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal............................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom ........................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Plater helper ........................................................... Power screwdriver operator................................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Tester ..................................................................... Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal................................................................. Wirer, electronic..................................................... Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Shear and/or slitter operator, metal...................... Shear and/or slitter se tte r..................................... Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Dip plater, nonelectrolytic ...................................... Chief operator......................................................... Adhesive bandage machine operator ................... Power brake and/or bending machine operator, m etal.................................................................. Clock, watch, and chronometer assembler.......... Instrument maker and/or assembler..................... Electromechanical equipment assembler............. Electrical and electronic assembler....................... All other assemblers.............................................. Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,960 370 720 560 10,830 0.42 .05 .10 .08 1.53 8 12 11 11 8 14 4 4 3 17 4,400 .62 15 5 1,190 2,660 150 270 4,680 3,350 8,690 1,120 1,020 560 3,850 .17 .37 .02 .04 .66 .47 1.22 .16 .14 .08 .54 24 10 11 13 7 8 9 11 13 21 6 2 8 1 1 16 14 11 2 1 1 12 3,880 280 4,210 190 6,720 2,640 1,150 2,610 1,740 490 470 130 7,510 2,220 .55 .04 .59 .03 .95 .37 .16 .37 .25 .07 .07 .02 1.06 .31 8 16 7 32 8 8 14 11 9 12 38 24 6 8 12 2 13 1 17 10 5 11 .9 2 1 1 18 14 510 8,960 4,190 710 240 120 .07 1.26 .59 .10 .03 .02 18 8 11 14 15 21 1 13 12 5 2 1 4,550 560 630 400 640 .64 .08 .09 .06 .09 11 32 16 28 29 6 1 2 1 (3) 600 7,270 21,470 15,420 32,360 34,300 .08 1.02 3.02 2.17 4.56 4.83 18 27 10 7 7 n.a. 3 3 17 15 19 n.a. 950 21,510 46,940 29,520 .13 3.03 6.61 4.16 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 105,970 75,440 540 2,000 14.93 10.63 .08 .28 n.a. n.a. 8 5 n.a. n.a. 6 17 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 83 Table 2 2 . Instruments and related products: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued (SIC 38) Occupation Office clerical workers— Continued Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d .............................................. File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk .............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................ . Shipping packer.................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers.......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,430 370 810 1,410 6,770 2,310 1,720 11,000 4,080 1,600 1,200 1,700 420 15,360 520 580 1,190 4,890 2,590 11,950 30,530 6,500 4,580 5,990 0.34 .05 .11 .20 .95 .33 .24 1.55 .57 .23 .17 .24 .06 2.16 .07 .08 .17 .69 .36 1.68 4.30 .92 .65 .84 5 9 n.a. 8 4 6 7 5 5 3 3 6 17 4 10 8 3 4 6 n.a. n.a. 5 5 4 14 3 n.a. 7 38 32 13 44 21 22 17 17 7 52 5 7 23 29 12 n.a. n.a. 24 22 49 8,650 4,810 1.22 .68 6 n.a. 27 n.a. 13,540 12,780 760 1.91 1.80 .11 n.a. 5 12 n.a. 38 4 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. Not available. 84 i 3l@©®lten@©u® Manufacturing industries Establishments which manufacture products other than those previously discussed employed 421,790 workers in 1980, or 2 percent of manufacturing and 4 percent of durable goods employment. Of these workers, 32 percent worked in establishments manufac turing brooms and brushes, signs and advertising dis plays, burial caskets, and other miscellaneous products; 28 percent worked in establishments manufacturing toys and amusement, sporting, and athletic goods; and 13 percent worked in establishments producing jewelry, silverware, and plated ware. As shown in table 23, the largest occupational group in miscellaneous manufacturing industries, consisting of 290,030 production and related workers, accounted for 69 percent of total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 14 percent. Most of these 85 were office clerical workers. The remaining employ ment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 8 percent; professional workers, 4 percent; sales workers, 3 percent; and service and technical workers, 2 percent each. The five most populous occupations in miscellaneous manufacturing industries are listed in the tabulation below: Assembler................................................... Production packager, hand or machine... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative........................................... Supervisor, nonworking ............................. Bench hand, jewelry .................................. Employment Percent o f industry employment 47,010 17,000 11.2 4.0 10,820 10,180 7,460 2.6 2.4 1.8 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980 (SIC 39) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................... 421,790 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 32,400 7.68 n.a. 90 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Industrial engineer.............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Chemist ................................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or b uyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 14,760 3,270 1,310 1,350 610 400 450 2,270 2,560 170 800 3,600 1,240 3.50 .78 .31 .32 .14 .09 .11 .54 .61 .04 .19 .85 .29 n.a. n.a. 6 6 n.a. 7 6 3 4 8 4 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 7 n.a. 3 3 21 17 2 8 18 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. Electrical and electronic technicians................ Tool programmer, numerical control................. All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 6,270 750 4,060 1,690 1,370 160 840 410 1,050 1.49 .18 .96 .40 .32 .04 .20 .10 .25 n.a. 6 n.a. 8 9 13 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 9 4 1 n.a. 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers ....................................... 7,080 3,950 870 370 440 1,450 1.68 .94 .21 .09 .10 .34 n.a. 2 5 29 13 n.a. n.a. 23 4 1 2 n.a. 290,030 3,380 300 2,440 640 1,660 2,260 1,640 830 740 1,030 2,220 68.76 .80 .07 .58 .15 .39 .54 .39 .20 .18 .24 .53 n.a. n.a. 10 7 n.a. 5 10 10 6 11 8 7 n.a. n.a. 2 6 n.a. 10 4 5 5 3 6 9 5,330 10,180 190 2,830 6,590 3,420 1,710 2,780 2,840 380 160 3,420 580 1,050 170 1,460 17,000 1.26 2.41 .05 .67 1.56 .81 .41 .66 .67 .09 .04 .81 .14 .25 .04 .35 4.03 5 2 26 6 4 6 5 3 5 12 12 4 10 7 14 8 4 10 30 (3) 7 13 8 7 15 9 1 1 12 3 5 1 3 17 Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpenter ............................................................... Compositor and/or typesetter............................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers............................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Jeweler and/or silversmith .................................... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Electroplater............................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ See footnotes at end of table. 86 - Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Sheet metal w o rker............................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tool and die maker ............................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Bench hand, jewelry............................................... Boring machine operator, wood............................ Wood carving machine operator........................... Caster..................................................................... Caster, finished or semifinished products............. Centrifugal casting machine operator................... Chain maker, hand ................................................ Cut off saw operator, lum ber................................ Drill press and/or boring machine operator......... Etcher and/or engraver ......................................... Fabricator, plastics................................................. Finisher, hand......................................................... Gem cutter.............................................................. Grinding and/or abrading machine operator, m etal................................................................. Heat treater, annealer, and/or temperer.............. Jewel bearing lathe operator................................. Lathe operator, w o o d ............................................. Lathe and/or turning machine operator, metal..... Lay-out marker, m etal............................................ Machine setter, woodworking................................ Machine tool operator, combination...................... Machine tool operator, numerical control............. Machine tool operator, toolroom ........................... Machine tool setter, metalworking......................... Metal mold m aker.................................................. Milling and/or planing machine operator.............. Wood machinist...................................................... Plater helper........................................................... Ripsaw operator..................................................... Rubber mold m aker................................................ Sander, wood ......................................................... Sawyer, m etal......................................................... Stone se tte r............................................................ Tester ..................................................................... Trimmer, plastics.................................................... Tumbler operator, plastics..................................... Vulcanizer, rubber plate ......................................... Wax pattern worker ............................................... Woodworking machine operator........................... Painter, production................................................. Die casting machine operator and/or setter, m etal.................................................................. Punch press operator, m etal................................. Punch press setter, m etal...................................... Compression and/or injection molding machine operator, plastics .............................................. Conveyor operator or tender................................. Dip plater, nonelectrolytic...................................... Setter, plastic molding machine............................ Casket coverer and/or casket liner....................... See footnotes at end of Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,620 0.38 13 2 770 .18 20 1 6,210 1.47 6 7 1,680 2,480 150 120 3,010 3,140 7,460 360 370 1,030 270 160 240 610 1,410 1,630 2,190 1,280 350 .40 .59 .04 .03 .71 .74 1.77 .09 .09 .24 .06 .04 .06 .14 .33 .39 .52 .30 .08 14 7 10 11 5 6 6 15 26 8 13 16 16 8 8 7 10 10 24 2 8 1 1 9 9 9 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 4 6 6 3 1 4,210 260 210 370 900 180 500 1,310 520 510 860 410 380 1,230 1,110 470 350 1,730 250 1,820 810 670 150 430 2,090 1,240 5,080 1.00 .06 .05 .09 .21 .04 .12 .31 .12 .12 .20 .10 .09 .29 .26 .11 .08 .41 .06 .43 .19 .16 .04 .10 .50 .29 1.20 6 11 31 15 9 17 11 8 12 9 9 16 13 15 7 9 9 8 8 1 (3) 1 3 1 2 4 2 2 3 1 1 3 4 2 2 4 2 6 3 2 12 1 10 8 8 4 3 5 3 16 530 5,740 970 .13 1.36 .23 15 5 7 1 11 4,970 500 460 720 1,010 1.18 .12 8 4 14 1 .11 15 .17 .24 11 11 2 3 2 table. 87 11 6 10 13 5 Table 23. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1980—Continued (SIC 39) Occupation Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Gluer and/or cementer, hand ............................... Screen or stencil printer and/or se tte r................. Screen cutter and/or maker, non-photographic ... Screen maker, photographic process................... Assembler............................................................... Decorator, hand ..................................................... Bagger plastics....................................................... Blow molding machine operator........................... Caster, plastics....................................................... Laminator, preforms................................................ Press operator, plastics ......................................... Rotation molding machine operator...................... Tube molder, fiberglass.......................................... Vacuum plastic forming machine operator........... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,110 2,620 420 720 47,010 1,940 100 590 400 620 760 270 250 890 5,850 29,330 42,810 0.50 .62 .10 .17 11.15 .46 .02 .14 .09 .15 .18 .06 .06 .21 1.39 6.95 10.15 7 6 11 9 4 7 21 19 19 15 11 26 36 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 9 3 4 25 4 (3) 1 1 1 2 f) (3) 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. File c le rk ............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... All other plant clerical workers......................... 59,280 40,140 870 1,160 1,160 350 250 560 3,380 3,410 1,210 6,280 3,020 1,810 630 730 750 6,000 380 300 1,190 2,480 2,250 1,970 19,140 3,410 7,000 4,140 14.05 9.52 .21 .28 .28 .08 .06 .13 .80 .81 .29 1.49 .72 .43 .15 .17 .18 1.42 .09 .07 .28 .59 .53 .47 4.54 .81 1.66 .98 n.a. n.a. 5 3 4 9 n.a. 7 3 3 5 3 3 4 4 4 5 3 7 5 3 4 4 n.a. n.a. 4 3 2 n.a. n.a. 7 9 6 2 n.a. 4 20 30 8 29 15 15 7 7 8 34 3 3 15 15 13 n.a. n.a. 17 26 28 3,240 1,350 .77 .32 4 n.a. 15 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 11,970 10,820 1,150 2.84 2.57 .27 n.a. 3 8 n.a. 34 6 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories, 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. Not available. Appendix A. Survey Ml ®t tods ©rad K©I0©!q)OO0Gw of Esftimaft@s B m m ®U 8tsrv®]f The survey covered private m anufacturing establishments in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39. The reference date of the survey was the week that included April 12, May 12, or June 12, 1980, depending on the SIC of the sampled unit as shown below: and when sampling took place. The reference date for the frame used for sampling in the supplemental State was the first quarter of 1979. The universe was stratified into SIC and size classes. The size classes were determined by employment as follows: Size class Reference date SIC 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 June 12 April 12 April 12 May 12 May 12 June 12 April 12 May 12 June 12 May 12 June 12 May 12 May 12 June 12 June 12 June 12 June 12 June 12 April 12 May 12 .............................. .............................. .............................. .............................. 0-3 4-9 10-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 and over Reporting units with 0-3 employees were not sampled in all States, but units with 4-9 employees were given larger weights to represent the employment in the smaller size class. Reporting units with 250 or more employees were included in the sample with certainty. Sample sizes Intended to produce State estimates with target relative errors of 10 to 15 percent at one standard deviation were developed for the noncertainty size classes. This was done for groups of SIC’s based on averages of occupational rates and coefficients of varia tion (CV’s) from the previous survey for a set of typical occupations. This SIC sample size was allocated to the size classes In proportion to size class employment. The sample was selected systematically with equal probabi lity within each State/SIC/size class cell. States were given the option of two target relative er rors in designing their samples. Some States varied the target relative error by SIC to allow reductions in sam ple size for cost reasons. The sample size for the supplemental State was developed by first determining the sample size required for national estimates in each two-digit SIC with a target relative error of 10 percent at one standard devia tion. This was done by averaging CV’s and occupational rates for a set of occupations from the previous survey. Establishments with 1,000 or more employees were in cluded with certainty. This national SIC sample size was then allocated to the noncooperating State/size class cells in proportion to employment. The survey covered all 50 States and the District of Columbia. © fi © ® (]0 @ © ta ® [n ) Survey schedules were mailed to most sample establishments; personal visits were made to some larger companies. Two additional mailings were sent to nonrespondents at approximately 6-week intervals. Monrespondeefs considered critical to the survey (due to size) were followed up by telephone or personal visit. SumpISmigj pr9©@dur@ The sampling frame for this survey was the list of units (excluding government units) in the specified SIC’s as reported to State unemployment insurance agencies. Because each cooperating State selected its own sample, the reference date of the sampling frame varied depend ing on when the last updates to the frame were made Employees 89 IRespons® i There were 159,672 final eligible units in the sample (i.e., excluding establishments that were out of business, out of scope, etc.)- Usable responses were obtained from 111,860 units, producing a response rate of 70.1 percent based on units and 70.6 percent based on weighted employment. Subsequent to the national estimates, States received additional data to prepare State estimates. Response rates in most States were significantly higher than the response rate used to develop national estimates. Estimation j k Wijk Pijk Cjjk Mi A weight was determined for each sample unit from which a usable response was received. Each weight was composed of two factors. The first factor was the in verse of the probability of selection. The second was the nonresponse adjustment factor, used to correct for questionnaires that were not returned or not usable. For each of the three-digit SIC/State/size class sampling cells, a nonresponse factor was calculated that was equal to: The population value of total employment (M,) was obtained from the BLS monthly survey of nonagricultural establishments. The standard form for the sampling variance for a combined ratio estimate is: V(p) Aij Where: V(p) i Weighted sample employment of all eligible units in sample Weighted sample employment of all responding eligible units j Ny Sample employment was taken from the sampling frame. If the factor in a cell was greater than a predeter mined maximum factor, which increased as the number of respondents in a cell increased, the cell was collapsed with other homogeneous cells within the SIC until the factor for the combined cells was not greater than the appropriate maximum factor. If the collapsing pro cedure terminated (i.e., no more cells were available for collapse) before satisfying the above constraint, then the appropriate maximum factor was used. For size classes 1-6, homogeneous cells were determined to be other size cells within the SIC and State. For size classes 7-9, homogeneous cells were determined to be other State cells within the SIC and size class. The weight for each establishment was the product of the two factors. A combined ratio estimate of occupational employ ment was used to develop the national estimates. The auxiliary variable used was total employment. The estimating formula is: fu nij Spy Seij Ku P Where: p i J_k________ ?S N ij2(l- f ii) . Aij 1J njj = Sjij + R? Slij - 2R, Kij Spij Seij = variance of p = 3-digit industry within a 2-digit industry = size class = total number of units in the i-th industry and j-th size class == sampling fraction in the i-th industry and j-th size class = number of sample units in the i-th industry and j-th size class = standard deviation of p within the i-th industry and j-th size class == standard deviation of e within the i-th industry and j-th size class correlation coefficient between p and e within the i-th industry and j-th size class. = The variances for the occupational estimates were esti mated from the following formula: Var(P) = Tu Bij Dij = = = Bij Fy = Gy Mi wijk eijk Jk 2-digit industry occupational employment estimate 90 ?1?J TMj Y VU2 [Bij] • [Dy] • [Fy]2 (Mij—eij)/(Mjj) (GijVCHij) f 2 Wyk) f 2 Wyk') Ik J J I k ’ J f 2 WjjkV f 2 wfjk'l == U 1J - U ’J W;jk Pijk 2 — 3-digit industry within a 2-digit industry = size class = establishment weight after nonresponse adjustment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment occupational employment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment total employment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th estab lishment population total employment in i-th industry (M ,)/ V 2 = f WjJk • L 'jk L ijk = ( P ijk My = benchmark total employment in the i-th industry and j-th size class W ijk P jjkJ i W ijke ijkj vu k R ie jjk ) - ( P ij- R . e .j) Where: All other terms are as defined above. This formula is almost a computational form of the standard formula given above. One simplifying assumption has been made: tained from the sample design for the survey. To illustrate, if all possible samples were selected, and if each of these were surveyed under essentially the same conditions and an estimate and its estimated sample er ror were calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. This in terval is called a 68-percent confidence interval. 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below to 1.6 stand ard errors above the derived estimate would include the average of all possible samples. This interval is called a 90-percent confidence interval. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below to two standard er rors above the derived estimate would include the average of all possible samples. This inter val is called a 95-percent confidence interval. 4. Almost all intervals from three standard errors below to three standard errors above the deriv ed estimate would include the average of all possible samples. Wjjk = Cy for all k in a given ij cell That is, the weights are equal to a constant C within a given three-digit industry/size class cell. At this time, the total effect of this assumption on the variance estimates has not been measured. Reliability of estimates Estimates developed from the sample may differ from the results of a complete survey of all the establishments in the sampled lists. Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Sampling error occurs because observa tions are made only on a sample, not on the entire population. Nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample; differences in the respondents’ interpretation of questions; inability of respondents to provide correct information; errors in recording, coding, or processing the data; errors in estimating values for missing data; and failure to repre sent all units in the population. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other; the difference between a sample estimate and the average of all possible sample estimates is called the sampling deviation. The standard or sampling error of a survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples. The relative standard error is defined as the standard error of the estimate divided by the value being estimated; the variance is defined as the standard error squared. The sample estimate and an estimate of its standard error enable one to construct interval estimates with prescribed confidence that the interval includes the average result of all possible samples that could be ob 91 An inference that the complete coverage value would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in ap proximately the relative frequencies shown. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown as 5,000 with an associated relative error of 2 percent. Then the standard error is 100 (2 percent of 5,000) and there is a 68-percent chance that the average of all possi ble sample totals would be between 4,900 and 5,100, and it is almost certain that the average of all possible sample totals would be between 4,700 and 5,300. The relative errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error, but do not measure biases in the data due to nonsampling error. Efforts were made to reduce the biases due to errors in recor ding, coding, and processing the data. The adjustment made for nonrespondents assumed that the characteristics of the nonrespondents were the same as those of the respondents at a given level. To the extent this is not true, bias is introduced in the data. The magnitude of these biases is not known. Particular care should be exercised in the interpreta tion of small estimates, estimates based on a small number of cases, or small differences between estimates because the sampling errors are relatively large and the magnitude of the biases is unknown. Appendix B= ©ES Survey Data AwanDabB© from Slat® Agencies State data on occupational employment in manufac turing are available as indicated in the following table. These reports may be obtained from the State employ ment security agencies listed on the inside back cover of this publication. Table B-1. OES survey data available by SSafe and year State A labam a........................................... Alaska ............................................. A rizo na............................................. Arkansas ......................................... C a lifo rn ia ......................................... Colorado........................................... C o n n e cticu t..................................... D e la w a re ......................................... District of C o lum b ia........................ F lo rid a ............................................. Georgia ........................................... Hawaii ............................................. Idaho ............................................... Illinois............................................... Ind ia n a ............................................. Io w a ................................................. Kansas ............................................. K e n tu c k y ......................................... L o uisian a......................................... M a in e ............................................... Maryland ......................................... Massachusetts................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... M ississipp i....................................... M isso u ri........................................... 1971 1974 1977 1980 State X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X M ontana........................................... Nevada.............................................. New H am pshire.............................. New Jersey ..................................... New M e x ic o ..................................... New Y o r k ......................................... North C a ro lin a ................................ North D a k o ta ................................... N e bra ska......................................... O h io .................................................. O klahoma......................................... Oregon ............................................. P ennsylvania................................... Rhode Island ................................... South C a ro lin a ................................ South D a k o ta ................................... Tennessee ....................................... Texas ................................................ U ta h .................................................. V e rm o n t........................................... V irg in ia ............................................. W a sh in g to n ..................................... West V irg in ia ................................... W isconsin......................................... Wyoming ......................................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (1) X X X X (1) X X X X X X X X X X X 1 Report in progress. . Government Printing Digitized forxKJ.S FRASER Office : 1982 - 381- 608/3852 92 1971 1974 1977 X X X X X X X X X X X 1980 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Eco >mic Projections to 1990 Here are the latest Bureau of Labor Statistics * projections of the United States economy to 1990. These projections are part of the ongoing program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for study of alternative patterns of economic growth. Topics covered include: o New Economic Projections Through 1990—An Overview o The U.S. Economy Through 1990— An Update 0 The Outlook for Industry Output and Employment Through 1990 o Occupational Employ ment Growth Through 1990 G The 1995 Labor Force: A First Look Please send copies of Economic Projections to 1990, Bulletin 2121, GPO Stock NcD. 029-001-02695-1, at $6.00 per copy.** Order Form The following BLS regional offices will expedite orders: 2nd Floor 555 Griffin Square Bldg. Dallas, TX 75202 1603 JFK Building Boston, MA 02203 911 Walnut St. Kansas City, MO 64106 Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, NY 10036 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, CA 94102 P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, PA 19101 You may also send your order directly to: 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 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Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60604 REGION II - NEW YORK 1515 Broadway—Suite 3400 New York, N.Y. 10036 REGION VI - DALLAS 555 Griffin Sq., 2nd FI. Dallas Tex, 75202 REGION III - PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 REGIONS VII & VIII - KANSAS CITY 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 REGION IV - ATLANTA 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E Atlanta, Ga. 30367 REGION IX - X - SAN FRANCISCO 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 State Agencies Cooperating In the OES Program BLS Region IV X IX VI IX VIII I III III ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. IV IV IX X V FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS V IV VI I III I V V INDIANA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA IV MISSISSIPPI VII MISSOURI IX NEVADA I NEW HAMPSHIRE II NEW JERSEY VI NEW MEXICO II NEW YORK IV NORTH CAROLINA VIII NORTH DAKOTA VI OKLAHOMA X OREGON III PENNSYLVANIA I IV VIII IV VI VIII III III V VIII RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING -Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130 -Department of Labor, Employment Security Division, P.O. Box 1149, Juneau 99802 -Department of Economic Security, Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005 -Department of Labor, Employment Security Division, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203 -Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 -Department of Labor, Division of Employment and Training, 251 East 12th Avenue, Denver 80203 -Labor Department, Employment Security Division, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109 -Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, Bldg. D, Chapman Rd., Route 273, Newark 19713 -D.C. Department of Labor, Division of Labor Market Information, Research, and Analysis, 605 G Street, N.W., Washington 20001 -Department of Labor and Employment Security, Caldwell Bldg., Tallahassee 32301 -Department of Labor, Labor Information Systems, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334 -Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 96811 -Department of Employment, Research and Analysis Division, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83707 -Bureau of Employment Security, Research and Analysis Division, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605 -Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204 -Department of Human Resources, 275 E, Main Street, 2nd Floor West, Frankfort 40621 -Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804 -Department of Manpower Affairs, Employment Security Commission, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330 -Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201 -Division of Employment Security, Research and Statistics Division, Charles F. Hurley Bldg., Boston 02114 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Statistics Division, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202 -Department of Economic Security, Research and Statistical Services Office, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205 -Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65101 -Employment Security Department, Employment Security Research Division, 500 E. Third Street, Carson City 89713 -Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301 -Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Planning and Research, OES Survey, P.O. Box 359, Trenton 08625 -Department of Human Services, Employment Service Division, P.O. Box 1928, Alburquerque 87103 -N.Y. State Department of Labor, Division of Research and Statistics, State Campus—Budding 12, Albany 12201 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611 -Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Planning, Room 310, Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105 -Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, 875 Union Street, N.E., Salem 97130 -Department of Labor and Industry, Research and Statistics Division, Seventh and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121 -Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202 -Department of Labor, Research and Statistics Division, 607 North Fourth Street, Aberdeen 57401 -Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219 -Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778 -Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147 -Employment Commission, Manpower Research Division, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 -Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 25305 -Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, 201, East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707 -Employment Security Commission, Reports and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601
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