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Youngstown-Warren, OH National Compensation Survey June 1998 _________________________________________________________________________________________ U.S. Department of Labor Alexis M. Herman, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner September 1999 Bulletin 3095-62 Preface 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington, DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6199, or send e-mail to ocltinfo@bls.gov. The data contained in this bulletin are also available at http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm, the BLS Internet site. Data are in three formats: An ASCII file containing the published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing the entire bulletin. Results of earlier surveys of this area are also available from BLS regional offices, the Division of Compensation Data Analysis, or at the BLS Internet site. Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. Data shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) National Compensation Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation. Field economists of the Bureau of Labor Statistics collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the survey for publication. For additional information regarding this survey, please contact any BLS regional office at the address and telephone number listed on the inside back cover of this bulletin. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, iii Contents Page Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Tables: A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries ........................................... A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and State and local government........................................................................................................... A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers, all industries ................................................................................................................................. A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................ B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries ................................................................................................................................. C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ............................................................... 2 4 6 8 10 13 15 16 17 18 Appendixes: A. Technical Note................................................................................................................................. Table 1. Number of establishments studied and represented ......................................................... Table 2. Relative standard errors................................................................................................... Table 3. Average work levels ........................................................................................................ B. Occupational Classifications............................................................................................................ C. Generic Leveling Criteria................................................................................................................. D. Evaluating Your Firm’s Jobs ........................................................................................................... E. A Guide for Users of Prior BLS Wage Surveys............................................................................... v A-1 A-5 A-6 A-8 B-1 C-1 D-1 E-1 Introduction Table A-3 compares the type of data and details shown in table A-1 for full-time and part-time workers. The definitions of full-time and part-time workers are those used in the surveyed establishments. Table A-4 presents the weekly and annual straight-time earnings for full-time employees in specific occupations across all industries. For the weekly and annual earnings, the mean and median earnings and the mean hours are shown. The mean hours reflect hours employees are scheduled to work, excluding overtime hours. Table B-1 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings for groups of occupations and for levels of job requirements related to occupations in the group. Separate data are also shown for private industry and government workers, and for full-time and part-time workers in all industries. (See appendix C, Generic Leveling Criteria, for more information on job ranking in this survey. Average work levels for published occupation groups and their component occupations are presented in appendix table 3.) Table B-2 also presents mean straight-time hourly earnings, but for detailed occupations at several levels of job requirements for each detailed occupation. Table C-1 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings for occupation groups and selected occupation characteristics. The occupation characteristics include full-time and part-time status, union and nonunion status, and time or incentive pay status. Union workers’ wages are determined through collective bargaining. Time workers’ wages are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers’ wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions and production bonuses. Table C-2 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings for occupation groups and industry division of employers; these are limited to the private sector. Table C-3 presents mean straight-time hourly earnings for occupation groups and the employment size of employers; these are also limited to the private sector. Table C-4 presents the employment scope of this survey. The occupation employment estimates shown relate to all employers in the area surveyed, not just the surveyed employers. The tables in this bulletin summarize the NCS survey results for the Youngstown-Warren, OH metropolitan area. Tabulations provide information on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at a wide range of work levels. Also contained in this bulletin are information on the program, a technical note describing survey procedures, and several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic leveling methodology. NCS products The National Compensation Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides data on the occupational wages and employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions, and the Nation as a whole. The Employment Cost Index, a quarterly measure of the change in employer costs for wages and benefits, will be derived from the NCS. Another product, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, measures employers’ average hourly costs for total compensation, that is, wages and benefits. Still another NCS product measures the incidence of benefit plans and their provisions. This bulletin is limited to data on occupational wages and salaries. About the tables The tables that follow present data on straight-time occupational earnings. Straight-time earnings include wages and salaries, incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. These earnings exclude premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. A total of 480 detailed occupations are used to describe all occupations in the civilian nonfarm economy (excluding the Federal Government and private households). Table A-1 presents straight-time earnings for detailed occupations. Data are not shown for any occupations if they would raise concerns about the confidentiality of the survey respondent or if the data are insufficient to support reliable estimates. The earnings shown include the mean for each occupation, as well as earnings for selected percentiles in each occupation. Table A-2 compares the type of data and details shown in table A-1 for the private industry and State and local government sector. 1 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ....................................................................... $14.68 All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 14.97 $6.00 6.15 25 Median 50 $8.65 $13.42 9.14 13.80 75 90 $20.00 20.11 $23.57 23.57 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 16.74 18.06 6.40 7.63 9.56 10.64 13.93 15.07 22.11 23.32 30.70 31.78 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Drafters ................................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Secretaries ........................................................... Receptionists ........................................................ Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Stock and inventory clerks .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 21.32 22.59 25.60 25.16 – – 18.71 19.36 – 25.64 25.92 27.39 26.33 – – 12.63 13.53 – 12.00 13.56 18.02 18.02 – – 14.81 14.81 – 16.24 17.32 19.08 16.89 – – 10.24 10.84 – 15.01 17.51 21.12 21.12 – – 16.53 17.45 – 20.12 20.92 23.30 19.82 – – 10.24 11.80 – 19.96 21.30 25.00 25.00 – – 18.62 18.62 – 27.05 26.13 27.12 28.52 – – 11.80 12.22 – 26.50 28.30 30.00 29.38 – – 20.06 21.30 – 31.78 31.14 31.78 32.00 – – 12.39 13.81 – 32.23 32.48 32.10 32.94 – – 23.86 23.97 – 33.77 33.77 35.86 33.56 – – 13.81 13.81 – 14.53 16.84 12.88 23.58 27.96 32.24 38.22 18.99 27.35 10.28 7.06 7.01 10.62 10.40 7.38 10.20 11.03 10.10 12.11 11.18 8.24 9.83 6.75 11.25 11.65 9.00 11.13 17.22 20.40 10.80 23.12 5.50 5.50 5.35 6.36 7.00 6.10 8.53 9.17 5.46 8.15 7.45 5.15 6.92 10.88 12.44 12.36 12.00 17.22 21.91 27.34 11.13 25.85 5.80 5.50 5.58 7.88 8.30 7.25 9.62 9.35 7.57 10.30 9.19 7.01 8.00 10.88 13.92 13.03 18.00 24.85 28.95 34.71 16.69 27.14 7.60 5.55 6.00 10.27 9.65 7.44 10.07 10.50 9.85 13.36 10.62 7.37 9.41 18.51 21.25 13.50 35.53 32.79 35.75 38.22 25.36 28.86 12.85 8.12 7.00 12.55 12.40 7.49 10.90 13.21 12.43 14.06 12.30 10.90 11.24 26.19 24.77 14.01 35.71 44.66 47.37 49.07 30.16 32.34 20.19 10.50 8.65 15.00 15.34 8.35 11.71 14.29 12.97 14.06 16.49 11.26 14.72 14.95 18.11 19.30 16.07 21.73 20.54 14.98 15.47 15.46 7.11 11.58 13.27 11.90 15.48 9.70 11.59 8.00 8.70 10.42 14.80 17.28 14.93 20.75 16.35 13.74 11.01 11.51 14.98 17.97 20.49 15.03 23.57 21.08 16.00 16.08 14.64 20.39 22.41 23.57 17.92 23.57 26.48 16.00 20.61 19.55 21.34 23.66 23.57 20.21 23.57 28.10 16.05 20.61 20.39 10.95 14.97 14.51 15.14 14.79 9.27 12.48 14.80 8.55 7.75 9.10 7.65 10.14 5.50 6.50 9.01 9.10 10.00 13.96 9.89 11.01 8.35 8.59 11.65 9.35 13.81 15.40 15.79 12.77 8.50 13.49 14.74 11.25 20.65 16.60 20.42 19.82 12.48 15.93 17.48 16.70 20.65 17.41 20.65 20.40 12.55 19.24 20.68 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Welders and cutters .............................................. Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. See footnotes at end of table. 2 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 25 Median 50 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Transportation and material moving occupations (-Continued) Truck drivers ......................................................... $13.56 $11.06 $11.38 $14.43 Bus drivers ............................................................ 9.48 6.00 8.00 9.48 Crane and tower operators ................................... 12.02 6.85 8.65 12.78 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. 16.56 9.60 12.34 19.92 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... 10.16 5.46 6.25 8.55 Production helpers ................................................ 8.78 5.50 7.45 7.75 Stock handlers and baggers ................................. 10.01 5.45 6.00 8.50 Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... 9.83 7.70 8.25 8.55 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... 12.94 7.50 8.46 14.90 Hand packers and packagers ............................... 8.09 5.30 5.51 7.00 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 9.52 5.25 5.82 8.05 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Food service occupations ......................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Cooks ................................................................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one 8.81 14.23 5.74 2.46 7.55 6.25 8.26 7.83 8.40 8.51 8.61 5.15 9.69 2.13 2.13 5.50 5.15 5.92 5.75 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.50 12.35 3.50 2.13 6.00 5.30 6.60 6.60 5.50 5.47 5.25 7.45 14.27 5.50 2.15 6.50 5.95 7.38 7.00 7.05 7.30 7.94 75 90 $15.02 11.00 13.37 20.09 13.44 10.86 11.02 10.86 14.90 8.25 12.57 $15.83 12.70 14.74 21.14 17.51 11.96 19.72 14.56 16.16 12.69 16.34 11.30 17.33 6.50 2.30 8.55 6.41 10.66 8.75 10.95 11.16 9.89 14.73 20.02 9.50 3.50 9.85 8.25 11.80 11.34 12.68 12.68 14.33 establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 3 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $14.14 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 14.45 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Social workers .................................... Lawyers and judges ................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Licensed practical nurses ................... Drafters ............................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Sales occupations .......................................... Sales workers, other commodities ...... Cashiers ............................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... Secretaries ......................................... Receptionists ...................................... Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks Stock and inventory clerks .................. General office clerks ........................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Industrial machinery repairers ............ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ Electricians ......................................... Supervisors, production occupations .. Machinists ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Punching and stamping press operators ...................................... Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators ......... State and local government $5.75 6.00 25 Median 50 $8.02 $12.98 8.40 13.38 Percentiles Mean 75 90 10 $19.72 20.00 $22.50 22.75 $17.58 17.60 25 Median 50 75 90 $9.69 $11.88 $14.73 $21.91 $31.15 9.69 11.86 14.73 21.91 31.19 15.51 17.05 6.00 7.33 8.42 10.10 12.44 14.06 19.64 21.00 27.28 29.61 20.28 20.35 9.86 9.86 12.39 12.37 18.88 18.94 28.26 28.27 32.97 33.10 18.99 19.95 25.60 25.16 – – 18.43 19.04 – – – – – – – – – 11.25 11.61 18.02 18.02 – – 14.81 14.81 – – – – – – – – – 13.55 15.83 21.12 21.12 – – 16.38 17.29 – – – – – – – – – 18.62 19.02 25.00 25.00 – – 18.62 18.62 – – – – – – – – – 22.75 23.97 30.00 29.38 – – 19.58 20.35 – – – – – – – – – 28.28 28.53 32.10 32.94 – – 23.83 23.86 – – – – – – – – – 25.43 25.88 – – – – – – – 27.04 26.96 28.26 – – 13.53 13.53 – 15.27 15.35 – – – – – – – 17.54 18.24 19.91 – – 10.84 10.84 – 19.60 20.19 – – – – – – – 22.17 22.63 23.64 – – 11.80 11.80 – 25.53 26.23 – – – – – – – 28.52 27.45 27.79 – – 12.22 12.22 – 31.78 31.78 – – – – – – – 32.00 31.78 32.95 – – 13.81 13.81 – 34.47 34.55 – – – – – – – 34.23 34.65 36.08 – – 13.81 13.81 – 14.53 16.96 12.88 23.58 6.75 11.14 11.65 9.00 10.88 12.37 12.36 12.00 10.88 13.50 13.03 18.00 18.51 21.25 13.50 35.53 26.19 24.77 14.01 35.71 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 29.25 11.13 17.06 25.77 35.56 47.37 23.86 16.55 18.94 21.91 28.27 34.36 36.51 39.45 18.57 10.17 7.06 6.38 20.40 21.00 10.80 5.50 5.50 5.30 24.05 27.92 11.13 5.75 5.50 5.50 32.45 34.71 15.61 7.54 5.55 6.00 37.93 39.66 25.36 12.07 8.12 6.75 49.07 49.07 31.39 20.19 10.50 7.75 23.62 – – – – – 16.55 – – – – – 18.94 – – – – – 21.91 – – – – – 25.00 – – – – – 34.36 – – – – – 10.30 8.92 7.38 9.87 6.00 6.58 6.10 8.50 7.49 7.07 7.25 9.62 9.62 8.03 7.44 10.00 11.80 9.72 7.49 10.90 15.00 13.94 8.35 10.90 11.48 11.73 – – 7.54 9.62 – – 9.75 9.65 – – 11.06 10.47 – – 13.21 13.25 – – 15.15 15.81 – – 10.48 10.10 12.11 11.31 9.17 5.46 8.15 6.50 9.35 7.57 10.30 8.22 10.50 9.85 13.36 10.50 10.60 12.43 14.06 15.46 13.74 12.97 14.06 16.49 – – – 11.01 – – – 9.33 – – – 9.86 – – – 10.62 – – – 12.30 – – – 13.00 9.81 6.92 7.99 9.20 11.24 14.72 – – – – – – 14.99 7.00 10.00 15.03 20.40 21.34 13.93 10.45 13.13 14.08 14.93 15.14 18.31 19.30 16.24 21.73 20.54 14.98 11.50 13.27 11.58 15.48 9.70 11.59 15.03 17.28 14.98 20.75 16.35 13.74 18.27 20.49 15.46 23.57 21.08 16.00 22.65 23.57 17.92 23.57 26.48 16.00 23.66 23.57 20.21 23.57 28.10 16.05 14.46 – – – – – 13.07 – – – – – 13.66 – – – – – 14.71 – – – – – 14.93 – – – – – 15.14 – – – – – 15.47 8.00 11.01 16.24 20.61 20.61 – – – – – – 15.46 8.70 11.51 14.64 19.55 20.39 – – – – – – 10.95 8.55 9.10 9.35 11.25 16.70 – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 4 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (-Continued) Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... $14.97 Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ................................... 14.51 Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... 15.14 Welders and cutters ............................ 14.79 Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. ...................... 9.27 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... 12.48 Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. 14.85 Truck drivers ....................................... 13.49 Bus drivers .......................................... – Crane and tower operators ................. 12.02 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... 16.56 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... 10.01 Production helpers .............................. 8.78 Stock handlers and baggers ............... 10.01 Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 9.83 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ........................................... 12.94 Hand packers and packagers ............. 8.09 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 9.33 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Cooks ................................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. State and local government 25 Median 50 $7.75 $10.00 $13.81 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $20.65 $20.65 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – 9.10 13.96 15.40 16.60 17.41 – – – – – – 7.65 10.14 9.89 11.01 15.79 12.77 20.42 19.82 20.65 20.40 – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.50 8.35 8.50 12.48 12.55 – – – – – – 6.50 8.59 13.49 15.93 19.24 – – – – – – 8.91 11.06 – 6.85 11.43 11.33 – 8.65 15.01 14.43 – 12.78 17.63 15.02 – 13.37 20.68 15.83 – 14.74 9.60 12.34 19.92 20.09 21.14 – 5.45 5.50 5.45 7.70 6.25 7.45 6.00 8.25 8.35 7.75 8.50 8.55 12.63 10.86 11.02 10.86 17.65 11.96 19.72 14.56 12.71 – – – 7.50 5.30 5.15 8.46 5.51 5.60 14.90 7.00 8.00 14.90 8.25 11.97 16.16 12.69 19.69 – – – 7.09 – 5.46 2.46 7.11 5.96 8.05 4.15 – 2.13 2.13 5.50 5.15 5.75 5.25 – 2.30 2.13 6.00 5.30 6.60 6.40 – 5.45 2.15 6.50 5.50 7.25 8.25 – 6.26 2.30 8.50 6.25 10.30 11.30 – 8.89 3.50 9.60 7.85 11.34 7.79 5.75 6.40 7.00 8.25 7.47 7.49 7.34 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 6.00 5.95 7.10 8.03 9.35 9.59 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in $14.45 $10.11 $13.71 $14.08 $14.95 $17.43 – – – – – – 10.85 8.80 9.79 10.24 11.88 12.90 – – – – – – – – – – – 10.45 – – – 13.70 – – – 14.55 – – – 14.55 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13.26 14.53 9.00 – – – – 8.72 10.45 6.50 – – – – 10.95 12.35 7.24 – – – – 13.05 14.27 8.03 – – – – 15.33 15.79 10.05 – – – – 17.33 18.28 12.88 – – – – 11.34 – – – – – – 11.30 11.30 9.89 11.23 11.23 – 10.95 10.95 – 11.06 11.06 – 11.72 11.72 – 13.32 13.32 – 9.42 – – – 8.79 8.79 – another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 5 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $15.56 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 15.79 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Teachers, N.E.C. ................................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Lawyers and judges ................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Drafters ............................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Sales occupations .......................................... Cashiers ............................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... Secretaries ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks Stock and inventory clerks .................. General office clerks ........................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Industrial machinery repairers ............ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ Electricians ......................................... Supervisors, production occupations .. Machinists ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Punching and stamping press operators ...................................... Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators ......... Part-time $7.00 7.25 25 Median 50 $9.85 $14.43 10.20 14.72 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $20.40 20.42 $23.66 23.66 10 25 Median 50 $7.56 7.74 $5.15 3.25 $5.15 5.15 $5.75 5.93 $9.44 $13.50 10.33 14.00 75 90 17.57 18.61 7.05 8.17 10.24 10.87 14.82 15.87 22.75 24.05 31.51 32.21 10.19 12.31 5.40 6.10 5.75 7.54 8.39 12.12 13.50 15.01 17.45 18.62 22.10 23.22 25.60 25.16 – – 19.15 19.75 – 25.74 25.92 27.44 26.35 – – – – 12.25 13.93 18.02 18.02 – – 15.40 15.79 – 16.49 17.32 19.05 16.89 – – – – 16.24 18.19 21.12 21.12 – – 17.45 17.68 – 20.34 20.92 23.30 19.95 – – – – 20.95 22.66 25.00 25.00 – – 18.75 19.08 – 27.05 26.13 27.25 28.52 – – – – 27.87 29.07 30.00 29.38 – – 20.29 22.91 – 31.78 31.14 31.98 32.00 – – – – 32.76 32.94 32.10 32.94 – – 23.86 23.97 – 33.77 33.77 35.86 33.56 – – – – 15.07 16.32 – – – – 17.40 18.20 – – – – – – – – – 11.47 11.80 – – – – 14.00 14.00 – – – – – – – – – 12.64 14.00 – – – – 15.01 16.18 – – – – – – – – – 14.00 15.01 – – – – 17.16 18.14 – – – – – – – – – 17.45 18.62 – – – – 18.62 19.18 – – – – – – – – – 20.81 25.14 – – – – 21.30 21.61 – – – – – – – – – 15.39 17.73 24.67 10.88 11.25 9.00 10.88 12.44 16.30 12.34 14.65 32.02 23.13 22.75 35.53 26.19 28.17 38.14 – 12.91 – – 11.33 – – 12.00 – – 13.15 – – 13.50 – – 13.88 – 28.00 11.13 17.22 24.85 32.86 44.66 – – – – – – 32.23 38.22 19.00 17.22 20.40 10.80 21.91 27.34 11.13 28.95 34.71 15.61 35.75 38.22 25.36 47.37 49.07 30.16 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27.35 11.49 – 23.12 5.55 – 25.85 6.25 – 27.14 9.66 – 28.86 16.20 – 32.34 22.11 – – 6.39 6.59 – 5.20 5.25 – 5.45 5.45 – 5.65 5.75 – 7.50 7.60 – 8.65 8.65 10.86 10.40 6.71 7.00 8.19 8.30 10.43 9.65 13.00 12.40 15.02 15.34 8.16 – 5.50 – 6.10 – 7.54 – 10.90 – 11.33 – 11.03 10.10 12.71 11.22 9.17 5.46 8.15 7.50 9.35 7.57 11.02 9.19 10.50 9.85 13.36 11.06 13.21 12.43 14.06 12.30 14.29 12.97 14.06 16.49 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9.73 6.92 8.00 9.20 10.50 14.72 – – – – – – 15.29 7.55 10.95 15.13 20.40 21.34 7.44 5.15 5.45 5.70 9.48 18.13 19.40 16.07 21.73 20.54 14.98 11.58 13.27 11.90 15.48 9.70 11.59 14.81 17.28 14.93 20.75 16.35 13.74 17.97 20.49 15.03 23.57 21.08 16.00 22.41 23.57 17.92 23.57 26.48 16.00 23.66 23.57 20.21 23.57 28.10 16.05 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 15.61 8.40 11.24 16.52 20.61 20.61 7.99 5.15 5.50 7.81 9.69 15.46 8.70 11.51 14.64 19.55 20.39 – – – – – – 10.95 8.55 9.10 9.35 11.25 16.70 – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 6 11.74 – – – – – – 11.20 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (-Continued) Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... $14.97 Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ................................... 14.51 Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... 15.45 Welders and cutters ............................ 14.79 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... 12.48 Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. 15.12 Truck drivers ....................................... 13.62 Crane and tower operators ................. 12.02 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... 16.56 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... 10.75 Production helpers .............................. 9.32 Stock handlers and baggers ............... 11.45 Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 9.83 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ........................................... 12.94 Hand packers and packagers ............. 8.88 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 9.82 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Cooks ................................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. Part-time 25 Median 50 $7.75 $10.00 $13.81 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $20.65 $20.65 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – 9.10 13.96 15.40 16.60 17.41 – – – – – – 9.06 10.14 9.89 11.01 15.79 12.77 20.42 19.82 20.65 20.40 – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.50 8.59 13.49 15.93 19.24 – – – – – – 9.60 11.06 6.85 12.34 11.29 8.65 14.95 14.62 12.78 17.48 15.02 13.37 20.78 15.83 14.74 $10.57 – – $5.93 – – 9.60 12.34 19.92 20.09 21.14 – – – – – – 5.97 7.45 6.25 7.70 7.33 7.50 7.55 8.25 9.75 8.75 10.95 8.55 13.70 10.86 12.50 10.86 17.89 11.96 19.72 14.56 5.95 – 5.59 – 5.15 – 5.15 – 5.25 – 5.25 – 5.50 – 5.45 – 6.00 – 5.70 – 6.75 – 6.25 – 7.50 5.35 5.40 8.46 6.00 6.25 14.90 7.50 8.05 14.90 9.00 12.63 16.16 13.51 19.69 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10.41 14.54 8.46 – 8.55 6.90 8.26 5.92 9.69 5.30 – 6.25 5.15 5.92 6.85 12.35 6.25 – 7.00 5.85 6.60 9.89 14.27 7.85 – 8.50 6.25 7.38 12.81 17.33 9.85 – 9.49 7.85 10.90 15.79 20.02 12.88 – 12.40 8.89 11.80 5.38 7.95 4.57 2.47 6.38 5.83 8.29 2.13 5.15 2.13 2.13 5.50 5.15 5.60 5.15 5.15 2.18 2.13 5.50 5.25 6.75 5.25 5.15 5.25 2.15 6.00 5.50 7.02 6.00 10.00 5.75 2.30 6.50 5.95 10.66 8.25 10.45 6.50 3.50 9.60 6.50 11.96 7.88 5.75 6.40 7.15 8.81 11.50 – – – – – – 9.33 9.65 10.54 5.50 5.47 7.02 6.13 5.95 7.76 8.45 10.95 9.89 11.29 11.30 11.69 13.32 13.32 17.20 6.21 6.21 5.99 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.15 5.20 6.45 6.45 5.68 9.44 9.44 8.59 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the $8.80 $11.38 $11.88 $15.20 – – – – – – – – minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 7 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All industries Occupation3 Mean weekly hours4 Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours Annual earnings Mean Median All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 39.8 39.8 $620 629 $582 593 2,015 2,011 $31,347 31,752 $29,601 30,285 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 39.5 39.4 693 732 593 631 1,917 1,892 33,678 35,195 29,494 31,118 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Drafters ................................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Secretaries ........................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Stock and inventory clerks .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 38.6 38.3 40.0 40.0 – – 40.0 40.0 – 36.3 36.5 36.3 35.8 – – – – 854 889 1,024 1,006 – – 766 790 – 935 947 995 944 – – – – 827 854 1,000 1,000 – – 750 763 – 965 970 970 993 – – – – 1,728 1,656 2,080 2,080 – – 2,080 2,080 – 1,342 1,340 1,335 1,331 – – – – 38,189 38,456 53,253 52,333 – – 39,834 41,075 – 34,548 34,728 36,648 35,057 – – – – 38,147 39,000 52,000 52,000 – – 39,000 39,686 – 35,871 35,374 35,798 36,832 – – – – 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.7 41.1 41.9 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.6 39.7 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.3 39.9 615 709 987 1,140 1,324 1,601 760 1,094 460 430 413 441 404 508 441 388 494 586 1,281 994 1,138 1,398 624 1,086 386 411 386 420 394 534 420 368 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,117 2,135 2,178 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,012 1,958 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,043 2,047 32,001 36,876 51,314 59,287 68,829 83,245 39,522 56,895 23,901 21,845 20,367 22,943 21,013 26,436 22,914 19,925 25,667 30,472 66,602 51,688 59,197 72,675 32,469 56,451 20,093 20,946 19,136 21,840 20,488 27,789 21,840 19,136 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Welders and cutters .............................................. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Crane and tower operators ................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Hand packers and packagers ............................... 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 611 725 776 643 869 821 599 624 618 604 719 820 601 943 843 640 661 586 2,077 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,078 2,080 31,750 37,704 40,359 33,426 45,205 42,714 31,161 32,446 32,162 31,262 37,378 42,619 31,262 49,026 43,846 33,280 34,362 30,451 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.9 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 438 599 580 618 591 499 603 545 481 662 430 373 458 393 517 355 374 552 616 632 511 540 598 585 511 797 390 350 438 342 596 300 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,056 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 22,773 31,132 30,184 32,137 30,755 25,956 31,085 28,332 25,006 34,439 22,350 19,385 23,811 20,450 26,906 18,479 19,448 28,716 32,032 32,843 26,562 28,059 31,096 30,411 26,582 41,434 20,280 18,200 22,776 17,784 30,992 15,600 See footnotes at end of table. 8 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All industries Occupation3 Mean weekly hours4 Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours Annual earnings Mean Median Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (-Continued) Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 40.0 $393 $322 2,080 $20,423 $16,744 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Food service occupations ......................................... Cooks ................................................................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 40.6 44.0 39.0 36.6 39.4 39.8 39.8 39.3 39.2 38.5 422 639 330 313 272 329 314 367 378 406 388 655 298 298 250 286 282 335 390 396 2,075 2,288 1,916 1,748 1,959 2,072 2,071 2,030 2,023 1,783 21,602 33,252 16,209 14,945 13,510 17,107 16,309 18,950 19,523 18,796 19,635 34,037 15,116 15,496 12,480 14,871 14,664 17,410 20,280 19,947 1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 9 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $14.68 14.97 $14.14 14.45 $17.58 17.60 $15.56 15.79 $7.56 7.74 White-collar occupations ................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... 16.74 6.30 7.95 9.04 10.30 13.01 15.13 16.71 21.30 23.55 28.94 35.63 11.77 18.06 7.15 9.43 9.14 10.48 12.98 15.40 17.52 22.83 23.55 28.94 35.63 11.77 15.51 6.24 6.95 8.34 9.60 12.53 13.68 16.39 18.88 21.71 29.52 36.02 11.77 17.05 7.15 8.57 8.63 9.69 12.45 13.87 17.42 19.71 21.69 29.52 36.02 11.77 20.28 – 10.12 11.05 13.53 14.65 21.23 17.80 26.20 25.63 26.08 – – 20.35 – 10.14 10.44 13.53 14.65 21.23 17.80 26.20 25.63 26.08 – – 17.57 6.73 8.22 9.36 10.28 12.91 15.50 16.86 21.37 23.76 28.94 35.63 12.55 18.61 – 9.78 9.20 10.46 12.87 15.89 17.83 22.98 23.76 28.94 35.63 12.55 10.19 5.58 7.00 7.88 – – – 15.47 – – – – – 12.31 – – 8.70 – – – 15.47 – – – – – Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Level 9 .............................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, religious, and recreation workers .................. Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Not able to be leveled ....................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ 21.32 22.59 16.09 18.21 19.10 23.10 24.00 27.09 31.45 13.91 25.60 23.12 – – 18.71 17.27 19.46 – 25.64 22.62 26.55 27.90 – – 12.63 – 18.99 19.95 – 13.57 19.70 18.25 21.01 27.89 – 13.91 25.60 23.12 – – 18.43 17.27 18.77 – – – – – – – – – 25.43 25.88 – – 18.26 – 26.85 – – – – – – – – – – – 27.04 – – 27.90 – – 13.53 – 22.10 23.22 – 20.52 19.69 23.31 24.32 27.09 31.45 14.63 25.60 23.12 – – 19.15 17.13 19.66 – 25.74 22.61 26.55 27.90 – – – – 15.07 16.32 – – – – – – – – – – – – 17.40 – – – – – – – – – – – 14.53 11.02 16.84 16.53 19.17 27.96 22.11 31.71 14.53 11.02 16.96 16.53 – 29.25 21.94 – – – – – – 23.86 22.35 – 15.39 – 17.73 16.98 19.17 28.00 22.14 31.71 – – 12.91 – – – – – Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers White-collar occupations (-Continued) Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations (-Continued) Level 12 ............................................................ Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Management related occupations ............................ Level 9 .............................................................. Sales occupations ............................................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. $37.36 32.24 22.84 32.41 37.98 18.99 19.76 10.28 5.96 5.97 8.60 17.92 10.62 7.15 9.43 9.14 10.23 13.08 12.56 15.72 $37.36 36.51 23.42 – 37.98 18.57 19.76 10.17 5.96 5.97 7.34 17.92 10.30 7.15 8.57 8.63 9.64 13.34 12.67 – – $23.62 22.35 – – – – – – – – – 11.48 – 10.14 10.44 13.09 12.55 – – $37.36 32.23 22.81 32.41 37.98 19.00 – 11.49 – – – 17.92 10.86 – 9.78 9.20 10.20 13.08 12.56 15.72 – – – – – – – $6.39 5.55 – 7.35 – 8.16 – – 8.70 – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. 14.95 7.58 8.62 15.25 13.47 16.18 19.55 20.03 18.11 13.32 13.94 19.96 20.03 15.47 7.66 8.08 16.67 12.93 16.16 13.65 14.80 10.94 13.38 13.81 10.16 7.29 8.33 14.22 10.62 14.99 7.37 8.57 15.35 13.41 16.32 19.73 20.03 18.31 13.13 13.90 20.09 20.03 15.47 7.66 8.08 16.67 12.95 16.16 13.65 14.85 10.94 13.39 – 10.01 6.97 8.23 14.32 10.55 13.93 – – 13.21 13.93 – – – 14.46 – – – – – – – – – – – 14.45 – 13.35 – 12.71 – – – – 15.29 8.05 8.73 15.36 13.47 16.18 19.59 20.03 18.13 13.32 13.94 20.01 20.03 15.61 7.52 8.17 16.67 12.95 16.16 13.65 15.12 10.94 13.63 13.81 10.75 7.87 8.44 14.22 10.62 7.44 6.19 – – – – – – – – – – – 7.99 – – – – – – 10.57 – – – 5.95 5.70 – – – Service occupations ........................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Protective service occupations ............................... Level 7 .............................................................. Food service occupations ........................................ 8.81 6.34 6.42 7.96 10.45 12.78 15.22 14.23 15.41 5.74 7.09 6.30 5.85 7.63 8.09 – – – – 5.46 13.26 6.99 – 10.71 13.42 12.78 14.93 14.53 14.93 9.00 10.41 7.70 9.35 8.28 10.82 – 15.27 14.54 15.47 8.46 5.38 5.49 3.96 5.95 – – – 7.95 – 4.57 Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 11 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All workers 4 Occupational group3 and level Service occupations (-Continued) Food service occupations (-Continued) Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Health service occupations ..................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations ............ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Personal service occupations ................................. Level 1 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $5.43 4.22 5.23 8.09 8.26 7.97 8.40 6.78 10.85 8.61 5.19 $5.10 4.08 – – 8.05 7.93 7.47 6.78 11.34 7.34 – – – – – – – $11.23 – – – – – – – – $8.26 8.00 9.33 7.42 11.56 10.54 – $5.16 3.62 – – 8.29 – 6.21 6.07 – 5.99 5.19 based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 12 Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All workers4 Occupation3 and level White-collar occupations: Professional specialty and technical occupations: Professional specialty occupations: Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Registered nurses ................................................ Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Social workers ...................................................... Technical occupations: Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Drafters ................................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations: Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 12 ............................................................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations: Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical: Secretaries ........................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Receptionists ........................................................ Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Stock and inventory clerks .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Level 3 .............................................................. Blue-collar occupations: Precision production, craft, and repair occupations: Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Level 7 .............................................................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Level 7 .............................................................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Level 8 .............................................................. Machinists ............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors: Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Level 3 .............................................................. Welders and cutters .............................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Level 4 .............................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations: Truck drivers ......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 13 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $25.16 19.36 17.28 19.91 25.92 27.39 26.33 13.53 $25.16 19.04 17.28 19.27 – – – – – – – – $26.96 28.26 – 13.53 $25.16 19.75 – 20.26 25.92 27.44 26.35 – – $18.20 – – – – – – 12.88 23.58 12.88 23.58 – – – 24.67 – – 38.22 23.82 38.11 27.35 39.45 25.51 38.11 – – – – – 38.22 23.82 38.11 27.35 – – – – 7.06 7.01 5.92 7.06 6.38 5.92 – – – 10.40 9.62 9.97 7.38 10.20 11.03 10.10 12.11 11.18 10.38 9.31 8.24 9.83 9.80 8.92 – – 7.38 9.87 10.48 10.10 12.11 11.31 – 9.31 – 9.81 9.80 19.30 20.86 16.07 21.73 21.73 20.54 21.87 14.98 14.36 19.30 20.86 16.24 21.73 21.73 20.54 21.87 14.98 14.36 15.46 11.73 – – – – – – – 11.01 – – – – – – – – – 6.59 – 10.40 9.62 9.97 – – 11.03 10.10 12.71 11.22 10.38 9.31 – 9.73 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.40 21.02 16.07 21.73 21.73 20.54 21.87 14.98 14.36 – – – – – – – – – 15.46 – 15.46 – 10.95 14.97 14.51 15.14 13.68 14.79 14.04 9.27 12.48 12.79 10.95 14.97 14.51 15.14 13.68 14.79 14.04 9.27 12.48 12.79 – – – – – – – – – – 10.95 14.97 14.51 15.45 13.68 14.79 14.04 – 12.48 12.79 – – – – – – – – – – 13.56 13.49 – 13.62 – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued) Transportation and material moving occupations: (-Continued) Bus drivers ............................................................ Level 4 .............................................................. Crane and tower operators ................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Level 1 .............................................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Service occupations: Food service occupations: Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Level 2 .............................................................. Cooks ................................................................... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Level 1 .............................................................. Health service occupations: Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Level 3 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations: Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $9.48 9.26 12.02 16.56 – – $12.02 16.56 $10.85 – – – – – $12.02 16.56 – – – – 8.78 10.01 5.81 9.83 12.94 8.09 9.52 7.77 9.30 8.78 10.01 5.81 9.83 12.94 8.09 9.33 7.38 9.30 – – – – – – – – – 9.32 11.45 – 9.83 12.94 8.88 9.82 7.99 9.30 – $5.59 5.59 – – – – – – 2.46 2.33 7.55 6.10 8.09 6.25 6.03 2.46 2.33 7.11 – – 5.96 5.74 – – – – – – – – – 8.55 – – 6.90 – 2.47 2.34 6.38 – – 5.83 5.68 7.83 7.95 7.79 7.91 – – 7.88 8.00 – – 8.51 6.72 10.85 7.49 6.72 11.34 11.23 – – 9.65 7.39 11.56 6.21 6.07 – based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 14 Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 Occupational group2 Full-time workers3 Part-time workers3 Union4 Nonunion4 Time5 Incentive5 All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $15.56 15.79 $7.56 7.74 $16.67 16.71 $12.67 12.99 $14.62 14.91 $15.57 15.88 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 17.57 18.61 10.19 12.31 20.07 20.43 15.69 17.15 16.83 18.09 14.48 – Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 22.10 23.22 17.73 28.00 11.49 10.86 15.07 16.32 12.91 – 6.39 8.16 25.00 26.35 17.22 – – 11.96 18.84 19.63 16.69 27.96 10.24 10.18 21.32 22.59 16.84 28.42 9.71 10.65 – – – – 13.69 – Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 15.29 18.13 15.61 15.12 10.75 7.44 – 7.99 10.57 5.95 16.79 18.82 – 16.14 13.05 10.15 15.88 8.82 11.92 6.81 14.81 18.20 15.39 13.84 10.00 16.27 – 16.95 16.62 12.64 Service occupations ........................................................... 10.41 5.38 11.46 6.79 8.82 – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 15 Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 Goods-producing industries4 Occupational group3 All private industries Total Mining Construction All occupations ........................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ................................................ $14.14 14.45 $17.11 17.16 – – White-collar occupations ....................................................... White-collar excluding sales ................................................. 15.51 17.05 22.43 23.92 – – – – Professional specialty and technical occupations ................ Professional specialty occupations ................................... Technical occupations ...................................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ....... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ......... 18.99 19.95 16.96 29.25 10.17 10.30 23.60 24.71 19.39 35.87 15.52 12.49 – – – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 14.99 18.31 15.47 14.85 10.01 16.10 18.84 16.05 15.21 11.97 Service occupations ............................................................... 7.09 14.66 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Manufacturing $18.82 $17.04 18.79 17.09 Service-producing industries5 Total TransWholeportsale ation and and retail public trade utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate Services – – – – – – – – – – 22.71 24.33 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 23.70 24.87 19.39 37.34 15.36 12.70 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.34 19.66 – – – 15.97 18.73 16.05 15.21 11.69 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.66 – – – – – 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 16 Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers2, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 100 workers or more All private industry workers 50 - 99 workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $14.14 14.45 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. Occupational group3 Total 100 - 499 workers 500 workers or more $10.88 11.24 $15.16 15.43 $11.57 11.61 $19.04 19.05 15.51 17.05 13.76 16.51 16.03 17.19 12.91 13.67 20.91 20.97 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ..... 18.99 19.95 16.96 29.25 10.17 10.30 19.72 20.34 18.78 23.43 7.45 10.89 18.82 19.87 16.42 30.89 11.38 10.14 16.98 16.39 17.85 28.42 11.32 9.07 20.03 21.68 14.82 32.12 – 12.79 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 14.99 18.31 15.47 14.85 10.01 12.21 15.83 9.54 13.27 8.43 15.61 19.10 16.06 15.65 10.43 11.51 15.16 10.90 14.76 8.94 – – – 17.97 15.26 Service occupations ........................................................... 7.09 5.81 8.48 6.62 11.51 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 17 Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All workers Occupational group2 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 124,025 115,677 101,540 93,372 22,485 22,305 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 47,321 38,973 33,287 25,118 14,035 13,855 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 18,909 15,216 3,693 5,258 8,348 14,806 10,716 7,264 3,453 3,825 8,168 10,577 8,193 7,953 – 1,433 – 4,229 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 54,807 14,490 21,290 6,472 12,555 52,129 13,679 21,273 5,362 11,815 2,678 – – 1,109 – Service occupations ........................................................... 21,896 16,124 5,772 1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 18 Appendix A: Technical Note stage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample selection was a probability sample of establishments. The sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a probability proportional to its employment. Use of this technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not selected for collection. See appendix table 1 for a count of establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment. This section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the data. Although this section answers some questions commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description of all the steps required to produce the data. Planning for the survey The overall design of the survey includes questions of scope, frame, and sample selection. Survey scope This survey covered establishments employing 50 workers or more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction and manufacturing); service-producing industries (transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services industries); and State and local governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an economic unit which produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment was defined as all locations of a government entity. The Youngstown-Warren, OH, Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Columbiana, Mahoning and Trumbull Counties. Data collection The collection of data from survey respondents required detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of the field economists, working out of the Regional Office, who visited each establishment surveyed. Other contact methods, such as mail and telephone, were used to followup and update data. Occupational selection and classification Identification of the occupations for which wage data were to be collected was a multi-step process: 1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs. 2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the Census of Population system. 3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time, union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive. 4. Determination of the level of work of each job. Sampling frame The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State unemployment insurance reports. Due to the volatility of industries within the private sector, sampling frames were developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The sampling frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, out-of-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were updated. For each occupation, wage data were collected for those workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for which a correct classification or level could not be determined. In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling, Sample design The sample for this survey area was selected using a two A-1 with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment. As with the selection of establishments, the selection of a job was based on probability proportional to its size in the establishment. The greater the number of people working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of selection. The number of jobs collected in each establishment was based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in the following schedule: Number of employees 50-99 100-249 250-999 1000-2,499 2,500+ Number of selected jobs 8 10 12 16 20 The second step of the process entailed classifying the selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The National Compensation Survey occupational classification system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level were used to classify the job. Classification by primary duties was the fallback. Each occupational classification is an element of a broader classification known as a major occupational group (MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following MOGs: x x x x x x x x x Professional specialty and technical Executive, administrative, and managerial Sales Administrative support including clerical Precision production, craft, and repair Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Service occupations Appendix B contains a complete list of all individual occupations, classified by the MOG to which they belong. In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of Terms” section on the following page for more detail. A-2 Generic leveling through point factor analysis In the last step before wage data were collected, the work level of each selected job was determined using a “generic leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all occupations randomly selected in an establishment using the same criteria. This is a major departure from the method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined occupations with leveling definitions unique to each occupation. For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10 leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental. The 10 factors are: x x x x x x x x x x Knowledge Supervision received Guidelines Complexity Scope and effect Personal contacts Purpose of contacts Physical demands Work environment Supervisory duties Each factor contains a number of levels and each level has an associated written description and point value. The number and range of points differ among the factors. For each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on which written description best matched the job. Within each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3 presents average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C. Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their firm. Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed research continues in the area. The results of this research will be published by BLS in the future. Collection period The survey data were collected over several months. For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s most recent information at the time of collection. The payroll reference month shown in the tables reflects the average date of this information for all sample units. ments of the position. (See the description in the technical note and the example for more details on the leveling process.) Earnings Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straight-time hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings: Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time. x x x x x Incentive pay, including commissions, production bonuses, and piece rates Cost-of-living allowances Hazard pay Payments of income deferred due to participation in a salary reduction plan Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight or passengers The following forms of payments were not considered part of straight-time earnings: x x x x x x x Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for working a schedule that varies from the norm, such as night or weekend work Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g., Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses) Uniform and tool allowances Free room and board Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate) On-call pay In order to calculate earnings for various time periods (hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical number of hours actually worked was collected. Definition of terms Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time. Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied, at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales. Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requireA-3 Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below). Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for the job. Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of production. Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation when all of the following conditions are met: x x x A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining agent for all workers in the occupation Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining agreement Processing and analyzing the data Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National Office following collection. Weighting and nonresponse Sample weights were calculated for each establishment and occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of the establishment within the sample universe. Weights were used to aggregate the individual establishments or occupations into the various data series. Some of the establishments surveyed could not supply or refused to supply information. If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the nonrespondents equals the mean value of the respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and nonresponding establishments were classified into these cells according to industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells that were additionally defined by major occupation group and job level. Establishments that were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey had their weights changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the response was treated as a refusal. Survey response Total in sample Responding Out of business or not in survey scope Unable or refused to provide data Establishments 204 138 5 61 Some surveys may have a high nonresponse rate for the all industries or private industry iterations. Such instances are noted in the bulletin table footnotes. Estimation The wage series in the tables are computed by combining the wages for individual establishment/occupations. Before being combined, individual wage rates are weighted by: number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether hourly, weekly, or annual rates are being calculated. Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a specific establishment. The number of workers estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of the number of workers obtained from the sample of establishments serve only to indicate the relative importance of the occupational groups studied. Data reliability The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically selected probability sample. There are two types of errors A-4 possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling and nonsampling. Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample and not from an entire population. The sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2 contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office. The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example, suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645 times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time. Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all survey areas will be used in the development of a formal quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling error. Although they were not specifically measured, the nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the extensive training of the field economists who gathered the survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review. Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size, and number of establishments represented, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 Number of establishments studied Industry All industries ......................................................... Private industry ................................................. Goods-producing industries .......................... Mining ....................................................... Construction ............................................. Manufacturing ........................................... Service-producing industries ........................ Tranportation and public utilities ............... Wholesale and retail trade ........................ Finance, insurance and real estate .......... Services .................................................... State and local government .............................. Number of establishments represented 100 workers or more Total studied 755 675 182 2 18 162 493 61 232 22 179 80 135 112 62 1 3 58 50 4 18 4 24 23 50 - 99 workers 46 44 18 1 2 15 26 3 14 1 8 2 Total 100 - 499 workers 89 68 44 – 66 51 33 – 1 43 24 1 4 3 16 21 1 32 18 1 4 3 10 15 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately. A-5 500 workers or more 23 17 11 – – 11 6 – – – 6 6 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 (in percent) Occupation3 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.2 3.3 3.3 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 3.6 3.6 4.7 5.0 4.5 4.5 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Drafters ................................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Secretaries ........................................................... Receptionists ........................................................ Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Stock and inventory clerks .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 3.0 2.9 5.4 6.7 – – 3.5 3.8 – 3.7 4.3 3.6 2.1 – – 9.7 12.4 – 4.2 3.9 5.4 6.7 – – 3.7 4.2 – – – – – – – – – – 4.0 4.0 – – – – – – – 2.6 4.5 4.3 – – – 12.4 12.4 – 14.0 8.6 2.0 21.6 9.0 8.3 10.6 15.4 4.7 8.5 10.1 4.8 3.6 6.3 4.0 4.0 4.9 10.9 4.2 5.8 10.3 2.9 14.0 9.1 2.0 21.6 11.3 9.6 11.1 16.0 – 8.7 10.1 4.0 4.6 8.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 10.9 4.2 9.8 – 3.0 – – – – 6.4 6.7 – – – – – – 4.2 5.7 – – – – – 3.5 – – 1.9 2.9 7.1 4.7 4.1 8.1 3.9 2.3 10.2 1.9 3.0 7.1 5.2 4.1 8.1 3.9 2.3 10.2 3.0 2.3 – – – – – – – 10.1 16.9 7.5 7.9 7.4 10.9 10.8 10.1 16.9 7.5 7.9 7.4 10.9 10.8 – – – – – – – Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Welders and cutters .............................................. Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. See footnotes at end of table. A-6 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued (in percent) All industries Private industry State and local government Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Bus drivers ............................................................ Crane and tower operators ................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 5.3 2.4 8.2 8.8 8.8 6.5 6.0 15.7 7.9 10.4 11.8 12.8 6.0 2.6 – 8.8 8.8 6.9 6.0 15.7 7.9 10.4 11.8 13.6 5.5 – 5.7 – – 7.0 – – – – – – Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Food service occupations ......................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Cooks ................................................................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 5.9 7.1 7.9 4.8 8.0 4.4 5.9 6.1 8.2 8.7 13.0 5.3 – 8.9 4.8 7.9 4.2 6.4 6.2 10.2 11.5 8.8 5.9 6.5 11.9 – – – – – 3.6 3.6 – Occupation3 1 The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could not be determined for all occupations. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. A-7 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 All occupations ................................................................................. All occupations excluding sales ...................................................... 5 5 5 5 3 3 White-collar occupations ............................................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ................................... 6 7 7 7 4 5 Professional specialty and technical occupations ...................... Professional specialty occupations ......................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ................................. Engineers, N.E.C. ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............................... Natural scientists ................................................................ Health related occupations ................................................. Registered nurses .......................................................... Teachers, college and university ........................................ Teachers, except college and university ............................ Elementary school teachers ........................................... Secondary school teachers ............................................ Teachers, N.E.C. ............................................................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ..................................... Social scientists and urban planners .................................. Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................ Social workers ................................................................ Lawyers and judges ............................................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ........................................................................... Technical occupations ............................................................ Licensed practical nurses ............................................... Drafters ........................................................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ............. Executives, administrators, and managers ......................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................ Management related occupations ...................................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ...................... Sales occupations ...................................................................... Sales workers, other commodities .................................. Cashiers ......................................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ............... Secretaries ..................................................................... Receptionists .................................................................. Records clerks, N.E.C. ................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ............................. Stock and inventory clerks .............................................. General office clerks ....................................................... Teachers’ aides .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ................... 8 8 10 10 – – 8 8 – 8 8 8 8 – – 7 7 – 8 9 10 10 – – 9 9 – 8 8 8 8 – – – – – 7 7 – – – – 7 8 – – – – – – – – – – 8 7 6 8 10 10 11 8 10 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 8 7 – 8 10 10 11 8 10 5 – – 4 4 – – 4 4 4 3 – 4 – 6 – – – – – – – 2 – 2 3 – – – – – – – – – 4 6 7 6 7 8 6 3 4 4 6 7 6 7 8 6 4 4 2 – – – – – – 2 – 3 3 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 5 3 5 – 4 5 4 – 4 3 – – – – – – – 3 – – – – Blue-collar occupations ............................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .................... Industrial machinery repairers ........................................ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .................................... Electricians ..................................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .............................. Machinists ....................................................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................ Punching and stamping press operators ........................ Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .................................................................. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. .......................... Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ............. Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ..................... Welders and cutters ........................................................ Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. .......... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............ Transportation and material moving occupations ....................... Truck drivers ................................................................... Bus drivers ...................................................................... Crane and tower operators ............................................. Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............ See footnotes at end of table. A-8 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Youngstown-Warren, OH, June 1998 — Continued All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................ Production helpers .......................................................... Stock handlers and baggers ........................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ..................................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ................. Hand packers and packagers ......................................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ............................. 2 3 2 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 1 – 1 – – – – Service occupations ..................................................................... Protective service occupations ........................................... Food service occupations ................................................... Waiters and waitresses .................................................. Cooks ............................................................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ........................... Health service occupations ................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ......................... Cleaning and building service occupations ........................ Janitors and cleaners ..................................................... Personal service occupations ............................................. 3 6 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 4 6 4 – 4 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 3 1 3 – 1 1 2 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors, painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and legislators cannot be assigned a work level. include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may A-9
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