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Milwaukee-Racine, WI National Compensation Survey September 1997 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ U.S. Department of Labor Alexis M. Herman, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner Revised March 1999 Bulletin 3090-31 Preface T For additional information regarding this survey, please contact the BLS Chicago Regional Office at (312) 3531880. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington, DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6220, or send e-mail to ocltinfo@bls.gov. The data contained in this bulletin are also available at the BLS Internet site (http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm). Data are in three formats: an ASCII file containing the published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing the entire bulletin. Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 606-7828; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. his bulletin provides results of a September 1997 survey of occupational pay in the Milwaukee-Racine, WI, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). Data shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) new program known as the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation. Survey data were collected and reviewed by Bureau of Labor Statistics field economists under the direction of Ronald H. Pritzlaff, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations of the Chicago Regional Office. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and analyzed the survey results. iii Contents Page Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ Wages in the Milwaukee-Racine, WI, CMSA............................................................................................ 1 2 Tables: A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries ........................................... A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and State and local government........................................................................................................... A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers, all industries ................................................................................................................................. A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................ B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries ................................................................................................................................. C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ............................................................... 4 7 10 13 16 20 24 25 26 27 Appendix A: Technical Note ..................................................................................................................................... Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied and represented............................................ Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors...................................................................................... Appendix table 3. Average work levels ........................................................................................... v 28 32 33 36 Introduction T NCS more extensive than OCS The wage data in this bulletin differ from those in previous Occupational Compensation Surveys by providing broader coverage of occupations and establishments within the survey area. Occupations surveyed for this bulletin were selected using probability techniques from a list of all those present in each establishment. Previous OCS bulletins were limited to a preselected list of occupations, which represented a small subset of all occupations in the economy. Information in the new bulletin is published for a variety of occupation-based data. This new approach includes data on broad occupational classifications such as white-collar workers, major occupational groups such as sales workers, and individual occupations such as cashiers. In tables containing work levels within occupational series, the work levels are derived from generic standards that apply to all occupational groups. The job levels in the OCS bulletins were based on narrowly-defined descriptions that were not comparable across specific occupations. Occupational data in this bulletin are also tabulated for other classifications such as industry group, full-time versus part-time workers, union versus nonunion status, time versus incentive status, and establishment employment size. Not all of these series were generated by the OCS program. The establishments surveyed for this bulletin were limited to those with 50 or more employees. Eventually, NCS will be expanded to cover those now-excluded establishments. Then, virtually all workers in the civilian economy will be surveyed, excluding only agriculture, private households, and employees of the Federal Government. his survey of occupational pay was conducted in the Milwaukee-Racine, WI, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). The CMSA includes Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington, and Waukesha Counties, WI. This bulletin consists primarily of tables whose data are analyzed in the initial textual section. Tabulations provide information on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at a wide range of work levels. Also contained in this bulletin is information on the program, a technical note describing survey procedures, and several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic leveling methodology. NCS design and products The Bureau of Labor Statistic’s (BLS) new National Compensation Survey (NCS) is designed to provide data on the levels and rates of change of occupational wages and employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions, and the nation as a whole. One output of the NCS will be the Employment Cost Index, a quarterly measure of the change in employer costs for wages and benefits. This bulletin is limited to data on wages and salaries. These data are similar to those released under the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS), which has been discontinued. Due to the limited amount of time available to initiate this phase of the program, a number of companies were unable to provide complete data before the publication deadline. As a result, some surveys have a high nonresponse rate for the all industries or the private industry iterations. Such instances are noted in the bulletin table footnotes. 1 Wages in the Milwaukee-Racine, WI Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area S Milwaukee-Racine, WI earned $15.17 per hour, while surveyed State and local government workers averaged $18.70. Table A-2 reports the average hourly rate for white-collar occupations as $17.67 in private industry and $21.06 in State and local government. Blue-collar occupations showed an average hourly rate of $13.62 in private industry and $13.94 in State and local government. Service occupations within private industry averaged $8.04 per hour while those found in State and local government averaged $14.81. traight-time wages in the Milwaukee-Racine, WI, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area averaged $15.65 per hour during September 1997. White-collar workers had an average wage of $18.24 per hour. Blue-collar workers averaged $13.64 per hour, while service workers had average earnings of $9.78 per hour. (All comparisons in this analysis cover hourly rates for both full- and parttime workers, unless otherwise noted.) Chart 1. Average hourly wage rates by occupational group, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997. Chart 2. Average hourly rates for private industry and State and local government, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Dollars per hour $ 20 Dollars per hour $ 25 15 Private industry State and local government 20 10 15 5 10 0 Whitecollar Bluecollar Service workers 5 0 Within each of these occupational groups, average hourly wages for individual occupations varied. For example, white-collar occupations included registered nurses at $19.72 per hour, secretaries at $12.86, and data entry keyers at $8.74. Among occupations in the blue-collar category, truck drivers averaged $19.04 per hour while hand packers and packagers averaged $7.29. Finally, service occupations included health aides except nursing at $12.15 per hour and maids and housemen at $7.38. Table A-1 presents earnings data for 104 detailed occupations; data for other detailed occupations surveyed could not be reported separately due to concerns about the confidentiality of survey respondents and the reliability of the data. Survey results show that private industry workers in White-collar Blue-collar Service Table A-3 presents data for workers considered by the survey respondents to be either full-time or part-time. Average wages for full-time workers, all occupations, were $16.65 hour, compared with an average of $9.53 per hour for part-time workers. Data for specific work levels within major occupational groups are reported in table B-1. Occasionally, wage estimates for lower levels of work within major occupational groups are greater than estimates for higher levels. This can occur due to the mix of specific occupations (and industries) represented by the broad group as well as by the 2 Table C-2 shows wage data for specific industry divisions within private industry. In the private sector, hourly wages averaged $15.17. Within goods-producing industries, wages averaged $18.98 per hour in construction. Data for other industry divisions did not meet publication criteria. Table C-4 reports that a total of 541,279 workers were represented by the Milwaukee-Racine, WI survey. Whitecollar occupations included 285,696 workers, or 53 percent; blue-collar occupations included 185,496 workers, or 34 percent; and service occupations included 70,086 workers, or 13 percent. variability of the estimate. Some levels within a group may not be published because no workers were identified at that level or because there were not enough data to guarantee confidentiality and reliability. Work levels for all major groups span several levels, with professional specialty occupations and executive, administrative, and managerial occupations typically starting and ending at higher work levels than the other groups. Published data for administrative support occupations, including clerical, ranged from level 1 to level 8. As illustrated in Chart 3, the average hourly rate was $7.14 for level 1, $9.55 for level 3, $12.62 for level 5 and $15.74 for level 7. Chart 4. Distribution of workers represented by occupational group, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Chart 3. Average hourly rates by work level for administrative support occupations, including clerical, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Percent 60 Dollars per hour $20 50 15 40 30 10 20 5 10 0 1 3 5 0 7 Level Surveyed union workers had an average hourly rate of $16.66, as reported in table C-1. Wages for nonunion workers averaged $15.26. Time workers, whose wages were based solely on an hourly rate or a salary, averaged $15.57 per hour. Incentive workers, whose wages were at least partially based on productivity payments, averaged $16.95 per hour. Whitecollar Bluecollar Service workers Data are also presented in appendix table 1 on the number of establishments studied by industry group and employment size. The relative standard errors of published mean hourly earnings for all industries, private industry, and State and local government are available in appendix table 2. The average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations are presented in appendix table 3. 3 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ....................................................................... $15.65 All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 15.73 $7.00 7.41 25 Median 50 $9.38 $13.70 9.60 13.93 75 90 $19.79 19.87 $26.16 26.03 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 18.24 18.79 8.36 9.11 11.06 11.92 15.88 16.53 22.50 22.96 32.20 32.61 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Industrial engineers .............................................. Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Pharmacists .......................................................... Dietitians ............................................................... Physical therapists ................................................ Therapists, N.E.C. ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Substitute teachers ............................................... Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... Technical occupations .................................................. Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... Drafters ................................................................. Computer programmers ....................................... Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales engineers .................................................... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. 22.40 24.10 23.77 22.08 19.60 27.60 26.41 24.64 13.00 14.75 17.31 18.75 15.22 21.89 17.31 16.82 16.20 17.79 19.60 19.47 16.77 24.52 22.30 22.63 20.35 22.00 22.63 21.63 17.94 25.43 25.94 25.31 26.44 28.86 25.43 22.22 21.63 29.31 30.77 27.12 34.51 35.05 33.20 24.76 25.24 36.15 35.83 29.00 27.69 23.45 20.54 19.72 26.18 17.29 24.66 19.93 37.02 32.37 25.92 26.27 28.37 26.67 13.37 – – 14.48 14.66 – 16.47 15.86 15.01 15.30 18.46 12.34 19.94 15.62 17.79 14.80 16.50 17.81 18.99 16.89 8.75 – – 10.75 10.75 – 22.02 17.13 16.80 16.91 21.95 16.18 20.54 17.53 27.83 27.06 20.35 20.97 23.68 21.09 13.54 – – 12.49 12.49 – 30.12 18.04 19.10 19.78 27.67 16.80 24.01 18.29 38.46 33.95 26.74 26.49 29.50 27.67 14.47 – – 13.74 13.89 – 35.16 31.97 22.30 21.90 30.79 18.92 26.15 21.66 45.05 39.89 32.20 31.79 34.12 33.38 14.47 – – 16.53 16.53 – 35.83 39.04 25.43 23.85 32.73 18.92 33.41 27.05 50.68 42.03 34.69 34.69 34.69 35.05 14.47 – – 17.28 18.29 – 20.49 20.27 17.11 14.82 14.15 12.87 18.76 17.89 21.97 18.43 24.04 27.42 25.87 30.82 33.28 23.83 28.70 19.19 18.86 21.49 14.75 15.38 11.61 10.12 11.34 9.05 15.00 12.34 14.82 13.08 13.67 15.90 21.54 18.27 24.28 16.55 17.93 12.91 12.50 12.98 16.88 17.61 13.08 12.36 12.24 10.48 15.65 13.65 17.70 14.32 16.70 21.15 21.61 21.15 29.56 18.51 22.00 14.33 14.42 15.32 19.15 20.56 15.88 13.60 13.47 12.63 19.00 18.70 22.26 18.72 21.79 25.50 22.50 25.48 34.81 21.79 26.53 17.64 17.40 17.34 21.59 21.44 20.02 17.51 14.36 14.45 21.88 20.43 26.00 20.70 29.71 34.07 29.40 41.25 37.75 26.78 33.99 21.99 22.50 22.38 33.08 26.16 22.84 20.18 16.43 17.56 22.60 22.56 30.00 26.59 38.13 40.50 35.03 45.67 38.45 34.94 38.91 28.92 30.26 39.90 18.51 17.82 19.59 14.55 12.96 18.84 21.85 13.10 12.82 13.67 5.50 7.00 9.29 12.50 15.01 13.70 14.06 7.00 7.50 13.40 14.09 17.00 17.75 17.50 10.30 10.00 17.21 21.92 22.80 19.47 23.50 17.21 13.61 18.38 30.77 26.92 23.75 32.93 28.61 27.34 37.28 33.03 23.21 13.25 15.99 18.70 24.04 42.50 See footnotes at end of table. 4 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 25 Median 50 75 90 $9.35 6.10 13.33 11.69 14.17 12.86 12.29 10.19 12.13 11.04 11.99 10.06 13.41 13.52 10.91 12.30 12.75 8.88 8.74 9.77 11.85 $5.50 5.15 7.50 8.00 11.03 9.75 9.70 8.24 8.85 8.48 10.00 8.45 10.50 8.66 8.00 9.00 8.00 6.25 7.00 7.62 7.80 $6.18 5.25 11.00 9.11 11.05 10.78 11.25 8.71 10.17 9.11 10.50 8.75 10.99 10.75 9.00 10.59 8.74 7.50 7.50 8.35 9.30 $7.43 5.70 14.00 11.05 12.50 12.64 12.00 9.31 12.25 10.32 12.11 9.55 12.92 13.25 11.06 12.03 14.55 8.50 8.50 9.75 11.32 $9.02 6.35 17.36 13.28 15.48 13.96 13.49 11.20 12.98 12.50 12.52 10.69 16.30 16.09 13.27 14.23 15.38 9.93 9.57 10.99 13.89 $12.27 8.00 18.64 16.09 20.76 16.95 14.67 12.55 15.89 14.68 14.32 11.70 18.68 19.46 14.39 15.30 17.13 11.76 10.58 11.83 16.50 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Tool and die makers ............................................. Precision assemblers, metal ................................. Machinists ............................................................. Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... Stationary engineers ............................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Lathe and turning machine operators ................... Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Numerical control machine operators ................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Printing press operators ....................................... Packaging and filling machine operators .............. Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Welders and cutters .............................................. Assemblers ........................................................... Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 13.64 17.34 21.55 18.03 15.02 21.00 18.21 20.48 14.65 15.66 18.64 15.76 17.01 12.53 16.11 14.40 6.50 10.50 11.28 13.51 11.80 18.73 14.38 18.11 11.00 12.00 14.54 14.80 14.42 7.40 9.50 8.30 9.00 14.38 19.33 15.00 13.40 19.50 14.38 18.50 12.75 13.82 15.20 15.12 15.90 9.00 12.60 10.60 13.00 16.86 22.13 16.76 13.83 21.12 17.50 20.51 14.83 15.80 19.48 15.66 16.00 11.80 18.07 13.38 17.99 20.66 24.81 22.04 17.99 22.90 20.67 22.00 16.31 17.95 21.20 16.66 18.05 15.44 19.05 20.22 20.75 23.41 29.09 23.41 17.99 23.41 24.54 22.59 17.62 18.28 22.85 16.77 20.66 20.01 21.63 20.22 10.74 12.66 14.53 16.35 13.75 12.37 13.27 14.18 11.39 10.43 10.43 16.95 19.04 14.10 9.31 13.13 9.18 9.13 8.71 9.60 7.29 8.17 7.50 9.00 10.40 10.58 8.45 8.80 8.40 9.25 5.25 6.00 7.80 8.75 11.36 7.50 5.50 6.60 6.50 5.45 6.00 5.15 5.25 5.50 8.50 9.89 12.35 12.50 8.45 9.00 10.06 11.00 7.75 7.23 8.51 12.23 14.46 10.50 6.00 7.92 7.50 6.25 6.00 5.60 5.50 6.00 10.00 12.67 12.95 15.50 13.93 10.00 12.25 13.10 10.72 9.00 9.96 15.93 20.75 13.93 8.15 14.22 7.65 8.20 9.97 9.25 5.75 7.25 13.00 14.50 19.71 20.31 17.38 14.61 15.43 18.31 13.88 11.45 11.80 20.75 20.75 19.70 11.28 18.29 10.10 10.44 11.22 11.25 9.28 8.95 17.02 16.59 20.01 21.70 18.25 20.89 20.49 20.25 19.56 20.35 13.40 26.70 29.67 19.79 15.62 18.29 14.17 13.58 12.16 15.89 11.42 13.55 Service occupations ........................................................... 9.78 5.50 6.80 8.23 11.06 17.13 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Sales occupations (-Continued) Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Supervisors, general office ................................... Secretaries ........................................................... Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. Mail clerks except postal service .......................... Dispatchers ........................................................... Production coordinators ........................................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... Bill and account collectors .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... See footnotes at end of table. 5 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 Service occupations (-Continued) Protective service occupations ................................. $16.17 Police and detectives, public service .................... 20.66 Guards and police except public service .............. 11.48 Food service occupations ......................................... 7.00 Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations .................................................... 10.90 Waiters and waitresses ........................................ 2.84 Cooks ................................................................... 10.06 Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ 6.88 Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 6.74 Health service occupations ....................................... 8.80 Health aides, except nursing ................................ 12.15 Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... 8.32 Cleaning and building service occupations .............. 9.82 Maids and housemen ........................................... 7.38 Janitors and cleaners ........................................... 9.03 Personal service occupations ................................... 8.00 Child care workers, N.E.C. ................................... 7.24 Service occupations, N.E.C.. ................................ 8.37 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. 25 Median 50 $9.12 $12.21 $16.01 16.72 20.36 21.41 7.50 9.00 9.56 2.33 5.15 6.60 8.00 2.33 6.85 5.23 5.15 6.60 7.69 6.50 6.00 5.50 6.00 6.00 6.50 6.00 8.00 2.33 8.00 5.75 5.25 7.40 8.00 7.28 6.98 6.47 6.61 6.65 6.55 7.25 10.91 2.33 9.02 6.60 6.37 8.10 9.71 8.03 8.25 7.55 8.00 7.50 6.63 7.73 75 90 $21.22 21.50 16.98 8.30 $22.13 22.37 16.98 10.79 13.00 2.50 10.69 7.80 7.91 9.41 12.38 9.10 11.65 7.68 11.08 8.93 6.80 9.02 14.33 4.48 14.25 8.50 9.42 11.06 19.97 10.54 15.90 9.63 13.26 11.00 10.21 11.00 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 6 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $15.17 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 15.23 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Industrial engineers ............................ Mechanical engineers ......................... Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Computer systems analysts and scientists ....................................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts ................................. Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Pharmacists ........................................ Physical therapists .............................. Therapists, N.E.C. .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ....... Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Teachers, N.E.C. ................................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Social workers .................................... Lawyers and judges ................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Professional occupations, N.E.C. ....... Technical occupations ................................ Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .................................... Licensed practical nurses ................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ........................................... Drafters ............................................... Computer programmers ..................... Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Administrators and officials, public administration ............................... Financial managers ............................ Administrators, education and related fields ............................................. Managers, medicine and health ......... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Accountants and auditors ................... Other financial officers ........................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ...................... Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ........................................... State and local government $7.00 7.15 25 Median 50 $9.05 $13.19 9.25 13.39 Percentiles Mean 75 90 10 $19.33 19.47 $24.81 24.55 $18.70 18.70 25 Median 50 75 90 $9.12 $12.68 $16.88 $22.96 $32.79 9.12 12.68 16.88 22.96 32.79 17.67 18.25 8.00 9.00 10.75 11.56 15.14 15.88 21.66 22.12 30.26 31.00 21.06 21.06 10.27 10.27 13.47 13.47 18.99 18.99 28.53 28.53 34.69 34.69 21.92 24.03 23.91 22.08 19.60 27.60 26.91 12.88 15.01 17.94 18.75 15.22 21.89 18.72 15.89 17.85 19.90 19.47 16.77 24.52 22.58 20.06 21.68 22.63 21.63 17.94 25.43 26.03 24.78 26.51 25.43 22.22 21.63 29.31 31.18 33.59 35.83 33.29 24.76 25.24 36.15 35.83 23.50 24.23 – – – – – 13.54 14.07 – – – – – 16.76 17.52 – – – – – 22.05 23.64 – – – – – 30.75 31.34 – – – – – 34.69 34.69 – – – – – 25.57 22.30 23.42 25.81 27.24 29.00 – – – – – – 27.69 25.55 20.74 19.81 26.18 24.66 20.14 – – 13.59 19.93 23.90 – – – 12.27 – – 16.47 15.50 15.00 15.28 18.46 19.94 15.62 – – 7.91 12.69 13.03 – – – 9.93 – – 22.02 16.98 16.70 16.91 21.95 20.54 15.80 – – 8.08 15.08 14.50 – – – 10.05 – – 30.12 25.48 19.72 19.93 27.67 24.01 18.91 – – 9.54 19.20 23.68 – – – 11.49 – – 35.16 31.97 22.80 22.09 30.79 26.15 22.65 – – 17.95 22.89 30.32 – – – 14.85 – – 35.83 39.99 25.50 23.98 32.73 33.41 31.23 – – 25.74 28.27 39.85 – – – 15.89 – – – – 19.04 – – – – 29.31 32.37 26.74 26.49 28.47 26.66 – – 15.15 15.41 – – – 16.18 – – – – 16.39 14.80 17.70 17.81 19.21 16.89 – – 12.49 12.49 – – – 17.28 – – – – 18.99 27.06 21.20 21.20 23.75 21.07 – – 12.96 13.41 – – – 18.29 – – – – 29.24 33.95 27.45 26.69 29.51 27.67 – – 14.07 14.29 – – – 18.92 – – – – 37.75 39.89 32.66 31.85 34.12 33.38 – – 16.53 16.53 – – – 20.35 – – – – 42.03 42.03 34.69 34.69 34.69 35.05 – – 18.73 18.73 – 20.79 20.27 17.33 15.15 15.38 11.82 16.94 17.61 13.10 19.15 20.56 16.07 21.70 21.44 20.34 33.08 26.16 22.95 – – 15.12 – – 11.05 – – 12.96 – – 13.90 – – 17.74 – – 20.48 14.82 14.60 10.12 11.90 12.36 12.30 13.60 13.73 17.51 14.75 20.18 17.00 – – – – – – – – – – – – 12.87 17.89 21.93 9.05 12.34 14.82 10.48 13.65 17.70 12.63 18.70 22.26 14.45 20.43 26.00 17.56 22.56 30.00 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18.72 13.08 14.32 18.72 21.03 26.71 – – – – – – 23.66 13.32 16.14 21.49 28.92 38.46 26.99 17.68 20.86 25.82 34.94 37.75 27.06 14.42 20.05 25.00 33.65 41.97 29.40 21.61 22.08 29.40 35.15 37.95 – 30.82 – 18.27 – 21.15 – 25.48 – 41.25 – 45.67 25.87 – 21.54 – 21.61 – 22.50 – 29.40 – 35.03 – – 23.30 28.73 19.21 18.86 21.49 – 16.55 17.93 12.82 12.50 12.98 – 18.15 22.00 14.06 14.42 15.32 – 21.79 26.53 17.34 17.40 17.34 – 26.78 33.65 22.38 22.50 22.38 – 29.90 38.94 28.92 30.26 39.90 34.14 – – 18.94 – – 26.86 – – 17.47 – – 29.76 – – 17.68 – – 35.15 – – 18.54 – – 37.75 – – 19.34 – – 38.45 – – 20.86 – – 18.51 13.10 15.01 17.00 22.80 26.92 – – – – – – 17.82 12.82 13.70 17.75 19.47 23.75 – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 7 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 25 Median 50 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations (-Continued) Management related occupations (-Continued) Management related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... $19.53 $13.67 $14.06 $17.11 Sales occupations .......................................... 14.55 5.50 7.00 10.30 Supervisors, sales occupations .......... 12.96 7.00 7.50 10.00 Sales occupations, other business services ........................................ 18.84 9.29 13.40 17.21 Sales engineers .................................. 21.85 12.50 14.09 21.92 Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 23.21 13.25 15.99 18.70 Sales workers, other commodities ...... 9.35 5.50 6.18 7.43 Cashiers ............................................. 6.10 5.15 5.25 5.70 Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ..... 13.33 7.50 11.00 14.00 Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... 11.73 8.00 9.01 11.06 Supervisors, general office ................. 14.14 11.03 11.05 12.50 Secretaries ......................................... 13.21 9.59 11.00 12.88 Information clerks, N.E.C. ................... 12.29 9.70 11.25 12.00 Order clerks ........................................ 10.19 8.24 8.71 9.31 Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 12.13 8.85 10.17 12.25 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ 10.81 8.48 9.10 9.50 Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 11.99 10.00 10.50 12.11 Mail clerks except postal service ........ 10.06 8.45 8.75 9.55 Production coordinators ...................... 13.52 8.66 10.75 13.25 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks 10.91 8.00 9.00 11.06 Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...................................... 12.30 9.00 10.59 12.03 General office clerks ........................... 7.91 6.00 6.71 7.60 Data entry keyers ............................... 8.74 7.00 7.50 8.50 Teachers’ aides .................................. – – – – Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... 11.66 7.80 9.20 11.06 Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Supervisors, mechanics and repairers Industrial machinery repairers ............ Electricians ......................................... Supervisors, production occupations .. Tool and die makers ........................... Precision assemblers, metal ............... Machinists ........................................... Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ........................................... Inspectors, testers, and graders ......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Lathe and turning machine operators Punching and stamping press operators ...................................... Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators ......... Numerical control machine operators Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Printing press operators ..................... Packaging and filling machine operators ...................................... State and local government Percentiles Mean 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 37.28 33.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – 24.04 9.02 6.35 17.36 42.50 12.27 8.00 18.64 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13.34 15.48 14.54 13.49 11.20 12.98 16.57 20.91 17.48 14.67 12.55 15.89 $11.38 – 11.71 – – – $8.35 – 10.12 – – – 11.84 12.52 10.69 16.09 13.27 14.26 14.32 11.70 19.46 14.39 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.23 8.75 9.57 – 15.30 9.71 10.58 – – 10.40 – 9.80 – 8.25 – 7.62 – 9.26 – 8.35 – 9.93 – 9.75 13.32 16.58 – – – 75 90 $22.12 17.21 13.61 $32.93 28.61 27.34 18.38 30.77 $9.75 $11.05 $13.15 $14.54 – – – – 10.35 11.60 13.15 13.56 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.05 – 10.99 – 13.20 – 11.83 – – – 13.62 6.50 9.00 12.72 18.00 20.82 13.94 5.75 11.26 15.04 16.80 19.61 17.39 21.55 18.03 21.08 18.21 20.48 14.65 15.66 10.50 11.28 13.51 18.73 14.38 18.11 11.00 12.00 14.38 19.33 15.00 18.81 14.38 18.50 12.75 13.82 17.14 22.13 16.76 22.21 17.50 20.51 14.83 15.80 21.04 24.81 22.04 22.90 20.67 22.00 16.31 17.95 23.41 29.09 23.41 23.41 24.54 22.59 17.62 18.28 16.65 – – – – – – – 14.29 – – – – – – – 15.24 – – – – – – – 16.11 – – – – – – – 18.05 – – – – – – – 20.53 – – – – – – – 18.64 15.76 14.54 14.80 15.20 15.12 19.48 15.66 21.20 16.66 22.85 16.77 – – – – – – – – – – – – 12.53 16.11 7.40 9.50 9.00 12.60 11.80 18.07 15.44 19.05 20.01 21.63 – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.40 8.30 10.60 13.38 20.22 20.22 – – – – – – 10.74 12.66 7.50 9.00 8.50 9.89 10.00 12.67 13.00 14.50 17.02 16.59 – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.53 16.42 10.40 10.62 12.35 12.70 12.95 15.83 19.71 20.31 20.01 21.70 – – – – – – – – – – – – 13.75 8.45 8.45 13.93 17.38 18.25 – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 8 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (-Continued) Painting and paint spraying machine operators ...................................... $12.37 Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... 13.27 Welders and cutters ............................ 14.18 Assemblers ......................................... 11.39 Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. ...................... 10.43 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... 10.43 Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. 16.93 Truck drivers ....................................... 19.35 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... 14.10 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... 9.01 Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ................................... – Production helpers .............................. 9.18 Stock handlers and baggers ............... 9.13 Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 8.71 Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ........................................... 9.60 Hand packers and packagers ............. 7.29 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 8.38 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Police and detectives, public service .. Guards and police except public service .......................................... Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Cooks ................................................. Kitchen workers, food preparation ...... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Health aides, except nursing .............. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Maids and housemen ......................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. Service occupations, N.E.C.. .............. State and local government $8.80 25 Median 50 $9.00 $10.00 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $14.61 $20.89 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – 8.40 9.25 5.25 10.06 11.00 7.75 12.25 13.10 10.72 15.43 18.31 13.88 20.49 20.25 19.56 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.00 7.23 9.00 11.45 20.35 – – – – – – 7.80 8.51 9.96 11.80 13.40 – – – – – – 8.49 10.85 12.15 14.00 16.01 20.75 20.75 20.75 27.20 30.00 7.50 10.50 13.93 19.70 19.79 – 5.50 6.00 8.00 10.50 14.07 – 6.50 5.45 6.00 – 7.50 6.25 6.00 – 7.65 8.20 9.97 – 10.10 10.44 11.22 5.15 5.25 6.00 5.60 5.50 6.00 9.25 5.75 8.00 8.04 11.93 – 5.20 7.50 – 6.50 8.60 – 12.30 6.82 2.84 10.01 6.74 6.40 8.74 12.15 7.00 2.33 2.33 6.30 5.00 5.15 6.50 7.69 8.22 7.97 7.38 7.87 8.07 8.40 $17.13 $14.74 $14.97 $15.80 $20.35 $22.87 – – – – – – – – 11.17 5.46 – 14.17 13.58 12.16 14.33 – – – 11.25 9.28 9.00 15.89 11.42 11.80 7.67 9.80 – 9.07 16.98 – 8.64 5.15 2.33 7.93 5.75 5.20 7.35 8.00 9.80 6.30 2.33 9.00 6.50 6.00 8.04 9.71 6.50 7.20 5.50 5.50 5.80 6.00 6.54 6.47 6.47 6.30 6.73 7.25 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be – – – 6.00 13.13 15.60 18.29 7.92 – – – 7.92 – – – 14.22 – – – 18.29 – – – 18.29 – – – – – 7.62 – – 5.30 – – 5.50 – – 6.00 – – 7.36 – – 15.60 11.00 16.98 – 14.81 16.85 20.66 8.03 9.56 16.72 10.28 12.91 20.36 13.69 17.13 21.41 19.79 21.41 21.50 21.50 23.00 22.37 16.98 8.00 2.50 10.32 7.50 7.20 9.28 12.38 16.98 10.50 4.48 14.80 8.50 8.30 11.00 19.97 – 8.62 – – – – – – – 7.22 – – – – – – – 7.80 – – – – – – – 8.21 – – – – – – – 9.42 – – – – – – – 10.83 – – – – – – 8.00 8.86 10.50 – – – – – – 7.50 7.55 7.36 7.50 7.73 9.38 7.68 9.11 9.00 9.02 10.77 9.63 10.45 11.00 11.00 14.56 – 12.44 7.48 – 11.65 – 11.65 6.33 – 13.50 – 12.81 7.25 – 19.28 – 13.63 8.00 – 19.79 – 16.26 10.89 – 8.87 – 8.15 5.00 – considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 9 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $16.65 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 16.63 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Industrial engineers ............................ Mechanical engineers ......................... Engineers, N.E.C. ............................... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Computer systems analysts and scientists ....................................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts ................................. Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Therapists, N.E.C. .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ....... Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Teachers, N.E.C. ................................ Substitute teachers ............................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Social workers .................................... Lawyers and judges ................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .................................... Licensed practical nurses ................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ........................................... Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ......... Drafters ............................................... Computer programmers ..................... Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Administrators and officials, public administration ............................... Financial managers ............................ Administrators, education and related fields ............................................. Managers, medicine and health ......... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Accountants and auditors ................... Other financial officers ........................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ...................... Part-time 25 Median 50 $8.25 $10.53 $14.71 8.45 10.69 14.80 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $20.42 20.42 $27.12 26.79 10 25 $9.53 9.89 $5.25 5.25 $6.00 6.00 Median 50 75 90 $7.45 $10.50 $17.58 7.51 11.06 18.52 18.97 19.24 9.05 9.50 11.83 12.29 16.57 16.93 23.50 23.83 33.03 33.08 12.65 14.72 5.75 7.28 7.00 8.50 10.21 12.50 16.12 18.75 21.50 22.36 22.84 24.59 23.83 22.08 19.60 27.93 26.41 13.46 15.11 17.31 18.75 15.22 22.56 17.31 16.53 18.04 19.55 19.47 16.77 25.00 22.30 20.91 22.85 22.66 21.63 17.94 25.43 25.94 27.38 29.99 25.43 22.22 21.63 29.71 30.77 34.69 35.22 33.29 24.76 25.24 36.15 35.83 19.40 20.89 – – – – – 11.05 12.96 – – – – – 14.25 15.89 – – – – – 18.28 19.90 – – – – – 21.40 22.13 – – – – – 26.06 27.23 – – – – – 24.64 16.82 22.63 25.31 27.12 29.00 – – – – – – 27.69 23.98 19.76 19.87 19.93 38.45 34.53 26.96 26.30 28.74 28.76 – – – 14.61 14.66 – 16.47 15.86 14.77 15.37 15.62 17.79 14.80 17.81 17.81 19.51 19.83 – – – 10.75 10.75 – 22.02 18.03 16.60 16.83 17.53 29.77 29.20 21.67 21.00 23.76 23.90 – – – 12.49 12.49 – 30.12 18.04 18.80 19.33 18.29 40.67 37.61 27.60 26.49 29.80 29.92 – – – 14.07 13.89 – 35.16 31.97 22.98 23.00 21.66 46.90 41.58 33.02 31.79 34.23 33.69 – – – 16.53 16.53 – 35.83 39.71 25.50 24.21 27.05 54.48 42.03 34.69 34.69 34.69 36.32 – – – 17.63 18.29 – – – 22.25 19.48 – 27.55 – 15.84 – – 16.27 13.37 – – – – – – – 15.50 15.15 – 15.54 – 7.83 – – 4.75 8.75 – – – – – – – 17.51 17.36 – 21.72 – 10.40 – – 11.25 13.54 – – – – – – – 20.22 20.00 – 27.06 – 14.47 – – 17.00 14.47 – – – – – – – 21.70 21.39 – 33.48 – 20.77 – – 21.17 14.47 – – – – – – – 24.21 22.84 – 37.75 – 26.44 – – 25.00 14.47 – – – – – 20.88 17.50 15.15 12.04 16.98 13.55 19.15 16.17 23.56 20.50 33.08 23.00 – 14.25 – 8.80 – 11.05 – 13.30 – 16.40 – 19.07 14.97 13.31 11.29 11.36 12.42 12.24 13.55 13.44 17.51 14.36 20.86 16.17 14.54 15.87 8.66 11.05 10.86 12.01 14.52 13.47 18.45 14.83 20.00 23.50 13.69 18.88 17.89 22.08 10.48 15.00 12.34 15.74 11.40 15.88 13.65 17.70 13.67 19.00 18.70 22.26 14.45 21.88 20.43 26.00 17.56 22.60 22.56 30.00 10.33 – – – 7.38 – – – 8.95 – – – 9.80 – – – 11.11 – – – 12.63 – – – 18.49 13.08 14.32 18.72 21.03 26.70 – – – – – – 24.02 13.67 16.65 21.63 29.71 38.12 28.03 21.00 21.01 26.44 26.44 50.91 27.40 15.90 21.15 25.48 34.41 40.50 – – – – – – 25.87 30.82 21.54 18.27 21.61 21.15 22.50 25.48 29.40 41.25 35.03 45.67 – – – – – – – – – – – – 32.84 23.83 28.70 19.17 18.86 21.50 24.28 16.55 17.93 12.89 12.50 12.98 29.53 18.51 22.00 14.33 14.42 15.32 34.81 21.79 26.53 17.50 17.40 17.34 37.75 26.78 33.99 21.99 22.50 22.38 38.45 34.94 38.91 28.92 30.26 39.90 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18.51 13.10 15.01 17.00 22.80 26.92 – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 25 Median 50 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations (-Continued) Management related occupations (-Continued) Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ........................................... $17.82 $12.82 $13.70 $17.75 Management related occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... 19.53 13.67 14.06 17.11 Sales occupations .......................................... 16.90 6.75 8.25 13.15 Supervisors, sales occupations .......... 12.96 7.00 7.50 10.00 Sales occupations, other business services ........................................ 18.84 9.29 13.40 17.21 Sales engineers .................................. 21.85 12.50 14.09 21.92 Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ...... 23.21 13.25 15.99 18.70 Sales workers, other commodities ...... 12.53 6.40 7.62 8.84 Cashiers ............................................. 6.02 5.00 5.25 5.50 Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... 12.04 8.48 9.41 11.27 Supervisors, general office ................. 14.17 11.03 11.05 12.50 Secretaries ......................................... 12.89 9.89 10.78 12.68 Order clerks ........................................ 9.99 8.24 8.71 8.90 Records clerks, N.E.C. ....................... 12.15 8.75 9.48 11.90 Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ 11.15 8.48 9.11 10.50 Payroll and timekeeping clerks ........... 11.99 10.00 10.50 12.11 Mail clerks except postal service ........ 10.06 8.45 8.75 9.55 Dispatchers ......................................... 13.53 10.50 10.99 13.00 Production coordinators ...................... 13.52 8.66 10.75 13.25 Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks 10.91 8.00 9.00 11.06 Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators ................................. 15.07 10.71 11.56 12.93 Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...................................... 12.50 9.01 10.75 12.03 General office clerks ........................... 9.58 7.52 8.15 9.58 Data entry keyers ............................... 9.45 7.75 8.50 9.50 Teachers’ aides .................................. 9.67 7.30 8.25 9.84 Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ........................................... 12.05 8.25 9.30 11.54 Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Supervisors, mechanics and repairers Industrial machinery repairers ............ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. ........ Electricians ......................................... Supervisors, production occupations .. Tool and die makers ........................... Precision assemblers, metal ............... Machinists ........................................... Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ........................................... Inspectors, testers, and graders ......... Stationary engineers ........................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Lathe and turning machine operators Punching and stamping press operators ...................................... Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators ......... Part-time Percentiles Mean 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – 32.93 31.96 27.34 – $6.66 – – $5.15 – – $5.50 – – $6.00 – – $7.20 – – $8.84 – 17.21 30.77 37.28 33.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – 24.04 12.27 6.50 42.50 26.04 8.15 – 7.06 6.13 – 5.50 5.15 – 5.70 5.25 – 6.51 5.75 – 7.77 6.30 – 9.49 7.75 13.61 15.48 13.96 11.20 12.98 16.59 20.76 16.95 13.13 19.07 9.28 – – – – 6.83 – – – – 7.50 – – – – 8.75 – – – – 11.23 – – – – 12.48 – – – – 12.82 12.52 10.69 16.30 16.09 13.27 14.75 14.32 11.70 18.68 19.46 14.39 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18.25 23.71 – – – – – – 14.23 10.46 10.08 10.99 15.30 11.76 10.95 11.83 – 7.56 – 9.86 – 6.00 – 7.76 – 6.25 – 8.35 – 7.25 – 9.75 – 8.00 – 11.11 – 10.27 – 12.27 14.05 16.64 9.72 6.83 7.76 10.37 11.60 11.99 10.25 75 90 $19.47 $23.75 22.12 19.88 13.61 14.53 8.10 10.20 14.00 18.32 21.35 7.10 5.25 5.70 6.00 7.60 17.35 21.55 18.03 15.02 21.00 18.21 20.48 14.65 15.66 10.50 11.28 13.51 11.80 18.73 14.38 18.11 11.00 12.00 14.38 19.33 15.00 13.40 19.50 14.38 18.50 12.75 13.82 16.90 22.13 16.76 13.83 21.12 17.50 20.51 14.83 15.80 20.66 24.81 22.04 17.99 22.90 20.67 22.00 16.31 17.95 23.41 29.09 23.41 17.99 23.41 24.54 22.59 17.62 18.28 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18.64 15.76 17.01 14.54 14.80 14.42 15.20 15.12 15.90 19.48 15.66 16.00 21.20 16.66 18.05 22.85 16.77 20.66 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12.80 16.11 7.95 9.50 9.25 12.60 12.00 18.07 15.66 19.05 20.01 21.63 6.64 – 5.25 – 6.00 – 6.00 – 7.00 – 8.25 – 14.40 8.30 10.60 13.38 20.22 20.22 – – – – – – 11.19 8.00 8.50 10.25 13.00 17.02 – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 11 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (-Continued) Numerical control machine operators $12.66 Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... 14.53 Printing press operators ..................... 16.35 Packaging and filling machine operators ...................................... 14.38 Painting and paint spraying machine operators ...................................... 12.37 Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... 13.70 Welders and cutters ............................ 14.60 Assemblers ......................................... 11.83 Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. ...................... 10.72 Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... 10.60 Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. 17.64 Truck drivers ....................................... 19.12 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... 14.72 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... 10.99 Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ................................... 14.92 Production helpers .............................. 10.33 Stock handlers and baggers ............... 10.37 Hand packers and packagers ............. 10.37 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 9.05 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Police and detectives, public service .. Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Cooks ................................................. Kitchen workers, food preparation ...... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Health aides, except nursing .............. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Maids and housemen ......................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. Service occupations, N.E.C.. .............. Part-time 25 Median 50 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $14.50 $16.59 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – – $9.00 $9.89 $12.67 10.40 10.58 12.35 12.50 12.95 15.50 19.71 20.31 20.01 21.70 – – – – – – – – – – – – 8.45 12.74 14.60 17.38 18.25 – – – – – – 8.80 9.00 10.00 14.61 20.89 – – – – – – 8.95 10.00 5.25 10.23 11.50 8.75 12.25 13.40 11.32 16.40 18.31 14.18 20.49 20.25 19.56 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.00 7.50 9.00 11.45 20.35 – – – – – – 8.00 8.69 10.25 12.50 14.40 – – – – – – 10.15 11.40 13.21 14.53 16.78 20.75 20.75 20.75 27.19 29.73 $7.28 – $5.50 – $5.50 – $6.00 – 8.65 12.18 14.08 19.70 19.79 – – – – – 6.30 7.85 9.65 14.07 17.67 7.14 5.25 5.70 6.18 7.92 10.25 8.00 7.60 6.00 8.75 5.50 13.79 7.60 7.85 9.28 6.07 14.22 8.95 8.75 9.56 8.45 18.29 12.39 13.12 11.72 10.96 18.29 14.26 18.77 12.25 14.07 7.46 7.16 6.92 – 6.72 6.59 6.50 5.15 – 5.50 6.60 6.50 5.40 – 6.00 7.92 7.00 6.18 – 6.00 7.92 7.60 7.79 – 7.50 7.92 8.00 10.02 – 8.17 11.09 16.46 20.66 8.32 – 10.93 – 7.29 8.63 10.31 6.61 9.39 16.72 2.35 – 8.00 – 5.75 6.73 7.76 7.67 12.88 20.36 6.25 – 8.00 – 6.45 7.50 8.00 9.39 16.90 21.41 7.93 – 9.10 – 7.00 8.13 9.71 13.28 21.22 21.50 9.60 – 10.69 – 8.30 9.41 12.04 19.79 22.37 22.37 13.50 – 21.26 – 9.48 11.13 15.40 7.08 – – 5.95 3.08 – 6.67 6.41 9.18 14.67 5.15 – – 2.33 2.33 – 5.00 5.15 6.50 7.59 5.50 – – 5.15 2.33 – 5.60 5.15 7.00 8.00 6.75 – – 5.75 2.33 – 6.50 5.50 8.00 10.17 8.00 – – 7.73 3.25 – 7.50 7.50 9.42 19.97 9.69 – – 8.65 6.00 – 8.75 8.68 11.00 30.00 8.43 6.73 7.44 8.10 9.14 10.80 8.04 6.50 7.00 7.89 8.75 10.25 11.09 8.12 10.10 8.79 – 6.80 7.35 6.61 6.80 – 7.67 7.35 7.40 7.50 – 10.09 7.67 9.60 8.00 – 13.26 8.60 12.81 10.21 – 19.28 10.07 13.50 11.54 – 6.97 – 7.11 6.65 6.50 5.25 – 5.25 5.50 5.15 5.80 – 6.00 6.00 5.50 6.50 – 6.75 6.55 6.59 7.61 – 7.92 7.00 7.00 8.84 – 9.16 7.64 7.94 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based $7.00 $12.50 – – – on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 12 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All industries Occupation3 Mean weekly hours4 Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours Annual earnings Mean Median All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 40.2 40.1 $669 667 $590 593 2,045 2,039 $34,041 33,922 $30,534 30,659 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 40.3 40.2 764 773 664 679 2,026 2,014 38,450 38,752 34,008 34,507 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Industrial engineers .............................................. Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Therapists, N.E.C. ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... Drafters ................................................................. Computer programmers ....................................... Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales engineers .................................................... Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Supervisors, general office ................................... Secretaries ........................................................... Order clerks .......................................................... 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.6 41.4 40.0 39.5 40.2 927 1,000 965 897 812 1,117 1,044 990 838 914 940 871 828 1,017 1,054 1,038 1,947 1,903 2,105 2,114 2,153 2,080 1,983 2,089 44,468 46,811 50,162 46,662 42,212 58,094 52,374 51,477 41,080 42,931 48,880 45,283 43,035 52,894 53,997 53,997 38.9 40.0 40.5 39.8 40.0 47.3 38.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.9 – – 40.0 40.0 – 1,078 959 800 791 797 1,820 1,329 1,077 1,052 1,149 1,146 – – 584 587 – 1,169 722 756 770 732 1,553 1,424 1,104 1,060 1,192 1,213 – – 563 556 – 1,848 2,080 2,093 2,070 2,043 2,156 1,521 1,540 1,535 1,526 1,525 – – 1,996 2,064 – 51,179 49,887 41,360 41,138 40,720 82,907 52,539 41,523 40,370 43,837 43,846 – – 29,157 30,266 – 57,896 37,523 39,333 40,040 38,043 58,204 55,942 42,234 40,782 45,433 46,102 – – 28,891 29,016 – 41.9 40.3 40.0 39.3 39.3 39.0 40.0 42.2 42.9 40.5 40.9 43.3 40.0 40.0 39.3 40.4 39.9 39.9 39.6 876 705 599 523 539 737 716 931 794 972 1,120 1,120 1,232 1,312 936 1,159 764 753 852 766 664 542 506 536 755 748 890 781 872 1,058 1,076 1,035 1,406 872 1,120 706 708 694 2,172 2,092 2,080 2,045 2,045 2,029 2,080 2,193 2,233 2,090 2,103 2,252 2,079 1,786 2,041 2,100 2,073 2,077 2,060 45,341 36,612 31,145 27,220 28,003 38,300 37,211 48,419 41,280 50,201 57,604 58,250 64,068 58,662 48,655 60,269 39,734 39,172 44,291 39,832 34,486 28,184 26,291 27,872 39,270 38,896 46,301 40,602 45,323 54,990 55,961 53,797 61,212 45,323 58,240 36,691 36,800 36,067 39.8 41.4 39.9 41.0 41.7 41.0 41.6 736 738 780 693 541 772 908 680 769 676 538 408 688 877 2,069 2,154 2,077 2,127 2,170 2,131 2,162 38,290 38,373 40,564 35,956 28,126 40,155 47,234 35,360 39,991 35,139 27,872 21,216 35,797 45,594 41.7 40.1 37.5 39.6 42.6 39.5 40.0 968 503 226 477 603 509 400 788 354 220 448 552 500 356 2,169 2,086 1,907 2,034 2,214 1,994 2,080 50,333 26,139 11,477 24,496 31,368 25,714 20,782 40,950 18,387 11,232 23,026 28,678 24,420 18,512 See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All industries Occupation3 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical (-Continued) Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. Mail clerks except postal service .......................... Dispatchers ........................................................... Production coordinators ........................................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators .. Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... General office clerks ............................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Mean weekly hours4 Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours Annual earnings 39.5 40.0 39.3 39.4 39.8 39.6 40.0 38.7 40.0 39.3 39.0 37.6 39.4 $480 446 471 397 538 536 437 584 500 377 369 364 474 $473 420 455 376 520 530 442 501 481 383 364 369 460 2,053 2,080 2,043 2,050 2,068 2,061 2,080 2,015 2,080 2,008 2,029 1,399 2,047 $24,948 23,191 24,495 20,625 27,984 27,859 22,699 30,354 25,998 19,238 19,178 13,524 24,664 $24,606 21,840 23,654 19,573 27,040 27,560 23,005 26,054 25,022 19,365 18,928 13,801 23,907 Mean Median Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Tool and die makers ............................................. Precision assemblers, metal ................................. Machinists ............................................................. Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... Stationary engineers ............................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Lathe and turning machine operators ................... Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Numerical control machine operators ................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Printing press operators ....................................... Packaging and filling machine operators .............. Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Welders and cutters .............................................. Assemblers ........................................................... Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 40.1 40.1 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.3 40.4 40.0 41.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.1 40.0 40.0 582 697 862 721 601 840 734 828 586 642 746 630 680 513 644 576 561 679 885 670 553 845 715 827 593 632 779 626 640 480 723 535 2,066 2,087 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,097 2,102 2,080 2,132 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,079 2,080 2,080 30,030 36,226 44,830 37,498 31,239 43,687 38,190 43,059 30,468 33,395 38,772 32,779 35,374 26,614 33,510 29,953 29,120 35,298 46,030 34,861 28,766 43,930 37,172 42,994 30,846 32,864 40,518 32,573 33,280 24,960 37,586 27,830 40.4 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.2 40.0 40.7 40.0 40.5 41.3 38.7 39.5 40.0 39.5 37.0 40.0 40.0 452 506 581 654 575 495 548 587 473 437 424 714 790 569 434 597 408 384 415 362 410 507 518 620 584 400 490 532 453 360 410 687 830 563 382 569 350 340 382 338 2,014 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,093 2,080 2,117 2,080 2,106 2,149 2,010 1,953 1,904 1,961 1,926 2,080 1,971 22,527 26,331 30,225 34,004 29,919 25,734 28,498 30,547 24,602 22,700 22,053 37,145 41,084 29,590 21,454 28,408 20,266 19,980 21,561 17,844 20,800 26,354 26,936 32,240 30,368 20,800 25,480 27,664 23,546 18,720 21,320 35,734 43,160 29,286 19,302 29,578 17,888 17,680 19,885 17,576 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Food service occupations ......................................... Cooks ................................................................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Health aides, except nursing ................................ Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Maids and housemen ........................................... 39.9 42.3 39.0 38.9 39.6 37.1 38.9 40.0 38.8 39.3 40.0 442 697 805 323 433 270 336 412 327 435 325 365 792 830 312 364 260 320 388 317 404 307 2,065 2,201 2,027 1,987 2,058 1,883 2,022 2,080 2,016 2,042 2,080 22,911 36,232 41,869 16,542 22,497 13,724 17,449 21,447 16,994 22,646 16,883 18,907 41,163 43,154 16,120 18,907 13,520 16,661 20,197 16,494 20,987 15,954 See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All industries Occupation3 Service occupations (-Continued) Cleaning and building service occupations (-Continued) Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... Mean weekly hours4 38.5 39.9 1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours $389 351 $375 320 2,004 2,047 Annual earnings Mean $20,246 17,992 Median $19,510 16,640 a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 15 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $15.65 15.73 $15.17 15.23 $18.70 18.70 $16.65 16.63 $9.53 9.89 White-collar occupations ................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Level 14 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Level 14 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... 18.24 6.49 8.08 9.18 10.95 12.63 14.60 16.05 17.77 24.38 25.56 30.32 31.00 42.15 44.70 15.21 18.79 7.12 9.08 9.58 11.04 12.55 14.54 16.04 17.84 24.50 25.83 27.81 31.05 42.02 44.70 16.50 17.67 6.48 7.96 9.12 10.92 12.74 14.79 16.16 17.94 22.61 26.13 30.50 30.86 43.26 44.70 15.11 18.25 7.12 9.13 9.55 11.00 12.68 14.75 16.16 18.04 22.73 26.53 27.54 30.92 43.21 44.70 16.55 21.06 – 8.90 9.96 11.27 11.89 12.66 15.35 17.16 27.21 22.60 29.14 32.80 – – 16.10 21.06 – 8.90 9.96 11.27 11.89 12.66 15.35 17.16 27.21 22.60 29.14 32.80 – – 16.10 18.97 7.04 8.56 9.67 11.08 12.78 14.63 15.88 17.59 24.49 25.44 30.31 30.06 42.15 44.52 15.66 19.24 – 9.43 9.70 11.06 12.68 14.57 15.87 17.66 24.62 25.70 27.77 30.09 42.02 44.52 17.29 12.65 6.26 7.24 7.94 10.04 11.45 13.83 17.68 19.09 22.96 – – – – – 12.31 14.72 6.83 8.17 8.94 10.87 11.62 13.83 17.67 19.09 22.96 – – – – – 12.31 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Level 14 ............................................................ Not able to be leveled ....................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Level 9 .............................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Teachers, college and university .............................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Teachers, except college and university .................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. 22.40 24.10 11.33 14.81 17.00 17.97 25.06 23.47 29.73 29.14 42.77 42.67 16.85 23.77 22.82 26.41 26.51 29.30 23.45 20.54 18.17 18.49 21.83 37.02 29.78 26.39 25.92 17.28 27.41 21.92 24.03 10.91 15.41 17.81 18.71 23.01 23.75 29.41 29.26 – 42.67 17.41 23.91 22.78 26.91 26.51 29.30 25.55 20.74 18.08 18.69 21.70 – – – 13.59 – 22.23 23.50 24.23 – – 15.26 16.57 27.04 – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.04 – – – 29.31 29.70 – 26.74 – 27.49 22.84 24.59 – 15.07 16.96 17.58 25.27 22.84 29.65 26.32 42.77 – – 23.83 22.90 26.41 26.51 29.30 23.98 19.76 18.20 17.82 21.99 38.45 – 26.04 26.96 – 27.45 19.40 20.89 – 11.71 17.09 19.14 23.16 – – – – – 13.31 – – – – – – 22.25 18.12 19.55 21.36 27.55 – – 15.84 17.64 25.41 Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 16 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All workers 4 Occupational group3 and level White-collar occupations (-Continued) Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, religious, and recreation workers .................. Level 9 .............................................................. Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Not able to be leveled ....................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ Management related occupations ............................ Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Sales occupations ............................................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Not able to be leveled ....................................... Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 17 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers – – $14.48 17.16 – – – $12.27 – – – – $15.15 – – – – $14.61 17.16 – – – – – – 20.49 16.99 17.11 12.53 13.04 14.90 17.14 18.83 23.33 24.04 15.28 14.69 17.00 23.19 26.89 27.18 31.97 41.48 27.42 17.45 24.24 28.65 26.81 32.13 41.51 19.19 15.28 15.34 16.61 22.33 30.11 14.55 5.76 6.27 7.02 10.72 13.08 16.15 16.48 19.90 40.22 11.69 7.14 8.94 9.55 10.99 12.62 13.90 15.74 18.77 13.59 20.79 – 17.33 – 13.19 15.06 17.41 18.76 23.33 23.66 15.28 14.62 16.69 22.04 27.45 26.96 31.68 43.19 27.06 17.53 21.48 29.82 26.47 31.82 43.84 19.21 15.28 15.25 15.68 22.35 30.11 14.55 5.76 6.27 7.02 10.72 13.08 16.15 16.48 19.90 40.22 11.73 7.14 8.95 9.51 11.02 12.78 14.09 15.84 18.64 – – – 15.12 – – – 15.48 – – 26.99 – – – 28.78 – 28.26 – – 29.40 – – – 28.26 – – 18.94 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.38 – – 9.96 10.80 11.84 – – – – 20.88 – 17.50 – 13.13 14.97 16.84 18.87 23.62 24.02 15.28 14.69 17.00 23.18 26.91 27.18 31.83 41.48 27.40 17.45 24.24 28.78 26.81 31.98 41.51 19.17 15.28 15.34 16.61 22.30 30.11 16.90 – – – 11.10 13.35 16.10 16.48 19.90 40.22 12.04 – 9.26 9.68 11.00 12.73 13.90 15.74 18.77 – – – $14.25 – – 14.37 19.68 – – 28.03 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.66 5.63 6.33 6.97 – – – – – – 9.28 6.85 8.16 8.82 10.96 11.50 – – – – 13.64 7.60 8.88 11.86 14.31 13.62 7.59 9.20 11.78 14.29 13.94 – – 13.52 – 14.53 8.95 9.08 11.94 14.36 7.10 6.27 7.37 10.80 – Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. $16.14 16.74 19.04 19.90 23.94 17.34 14.11 13.14 16.19 19.33 20.04 23.85 12.53 8.27 9.56 12.18 14.30 14.59 17.69 17.17 16.95 7.65 12.74 15.08 20.92 17.40 9.31 7.16 7.96 10.59 13.53 14.96 $16.17 16.87 18.93 19.90 23.94 17.39 14.11 12.86 16.11 19.28 20.04 23.85 12.53 8.27 9.56 12.18 14.30 14.59 17.69 17.17 16.93 7.65 11.69 15.08 20.92 – 9.01 7.14 8.63 10.75 12.95 – $15.82 15.94 – – – 16.65 – 14.87 – – – – – – – – – – – – 17.13 – – – – – 11.17 – – – – – $16.25 16.79 19.05 19.90 23.94 17.35 14.11 13.14 16.26 19.33 20.04 23.85 12.80 8.83 9.69 12.19 14.30 14.59 17.69 17.20 17.64 – 12.88 15.03 21.06 17.40 10.99 9.14 8.05 10.38 13.86 – – – – – – – – – – – – – $6.64 6.08 – – – – – – 7.28 – – – – – 7.14 6.33 7.52 11.02 – – Service occupations ........................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Protective service occupations ............................... Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Food service occupations ........................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. 9.78 6.56 7.86 8.79 9.35 10.35 17.60 16.78 19.10 16.17 15.76 20.15 7.00 5.47 5.97 8.30 10.36 8.04 6.39 7.60 8.27 9.34 10.31 – – – 11.93 – – 6.82 5.20 5.83 8.28 10.36 14.81 8.59 – 10.09 – – – 16.72 – 16.85 15.76 – 8.62 – – – – 11.09 7.26 8.25 9.35 9.40 10.93 – 16.78 19.10 16.46 15.76 20.15 8.32 5.24 7.04 8.15 – 7.08 6.07 7.35 7.86 8.05 – – – – – – – 5.95 5.57 5.46 8.58 – Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 18 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All workers 4 Occupational group3 and level Service occupations (-Continued) Health service occupations ..................................... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations ............ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Personal service occupations ................................. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $8.80 8.81 8.12 8.92 10.83 9.82 7.68 8.69 11.04 8.00 6.72 6.98 7.42 $8.74 8.81 8.10 8.91 – 7.97 7.54 7.44 9.99 8.07 – 7.01 – – – – – – $14.56 – – – 7.48 – – – $8.63 7.92 8.61 8.95 – 11.09 8.48 9.89 11.19 8.79 – – – $9.18 11.09 7.52 – – 6.97 6.66 – – 6.65 6.72 6.50 – 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 19 Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All workers4 Occupation3 and level White-collar occupations: Professional specialty and technical occupations: Professional specialty occupations: Industrial engineers .............................................. Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Pharmacists .......................................................... Dietitians ............................................................... Physical therapists ................................................ Therapists, N.E.C. ................................................ Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... Elementary school teachers ................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Substitute teachers ............................................... Social workers ...................................................... Technical occupations: Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Level 6 .............................................................. Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... Drafters ................................................................. Computer programmers ....................................... Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... Level 7 .............................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations: Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Administrators, education and related fields ......... Level 11 ............................................................ Managers, medicine and health ........................... Level 11 ............................................................ Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 10 ............................................................ Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Level 6 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Sales occupations: Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Level 4 .............................................................. Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales engineers .................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 20 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $22.08 19.60 27.60 24.63 24.64 $22.08 19.60 27.60 24.63 25.57 – – – – – $22.08 19.60 27.93 – 24.64 – – – – – 27.69 19.72 17.91 18.73 21.15 26.18 17.29 24.66 19.93 32.37 26.27 26.29 28.37 28.37 26.67 18.03 28.85 13.37 14.66 27.69 19.81 17.80 18.88 21.17 26.18 – 24.66 20.14 – 19.93 22.44 23.90 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – $32.37 26.49 26.37 28.47 28.51 26.66 – 28.85 – 15.41 27.69 19.87 – 17.88 21.33 – – – 19.93 34.53 26.30 26.33 28.74 28.41 28.76 – 28.89 – 14.66 – $19.48 18.23 19.56 20.71 – – – – – – – – – 16.27 18.03 – 13.37 – 14.82 14.15 14.11 12.87 18.76 17.89 21.97 18.43 17.21 14.82 14.60 14.63 12.87 – 17.89 21.93 18.72 – – – – – – – – – – 14.97 13.31 13.88 13.69 18.88 17.89 22.08 18.49 – 14.54 15.87 14.37 10.33 – – – – – 25.87 30.82 24.37 32.39 33.28 29.21 23.83 24.37 28.70 21.12 26.95 28.64 31.08 18.86 21.49 – 30.82 24.37 32.39 – – 23.30 24.37 28.73 21.12 – 28.18 31.08 18.86 21.49 18.51 17.82 19.59 15.26 20.19 18.51 17.82 19.53 15.26 19.89 12.96 8.11 18.84 21.85 12.96 8.11 18.84 21.85 25.87 – – – 34.14 – – – – – – – – – – 25.87 30.82 24.37 32.39 32.84 29.21 23.83 24.37 28.70 21.12 26.95 28.64 31.08 18.86 21.50 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18.51 17.82 19.53 15.26 19.89 – – – – – – – – – 12.96 8.11 18.84 21.85 – – – – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level White-collar occupations: (-Continued) Sales occupations: (-Continued) Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical: Supervisors, general office ................................... Secretaries ........................................................... Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. Mail clerks except postal service .......................... Dispatchers ........................................................... Production coordinators ........................................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators .. Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... Level 4 .............................................................. Bill and account collectors .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... Blue-collar occupations: Precision production, craft, and repair occupations: Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Level 9 .............................................................. Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Level 7 .............................................................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Level 7 .............................................................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Level 7 .............................................................. Tool and die makers ............................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Precision assemblers, metal ................................. Machinists ............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... Stationary engineers ............................................. See footnotes at end of table. 21 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $23.21 9.35 6.10 5.77 13.33 $23.21 9.35 6.10 5.77 13.33 – – – – – $23.21 12.53 6.02 – – – $7.06 6.13 – – 14.17 12.86 12.17 12.59 14.49 12.29 10.19 9.29 12.13 11.04 9.37 10.53 11.99 10.06 13.41 13.52 10.91 – 12.30 10.79 12.75 8.88 6.88 9.13 9.11 10.78 8.74 9.77 9.81 9.13 10.83 11.85 9.54 10.46 12.06 20.27 14.14 13.21 12.46 12.92 – 12.29 10.19 9.29 12.13 10.81 9.34 10.28 11.99 10.06 – 13.52 10.91 – 12.30 10.79 – 7.91 – – – 9.83 8.74 – – – – 11.66 9.54 10.46 12.06 20.27 – $11.71 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10.40 – – – 11.45 – 9.80 9.92 9.13 10.83 – – – – – 14.17 12.89 12.22 12.59 14.49 – 9.99 8.95 12.15 11.15 9.40 10.58 11.99 10.06 13.53 13.52 10.91 15.07 12.50 – – 9.58 – – 9.39 10.84 9.45 9.67 – – – 12.05 9.37 10.40 12.06 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.56 6.85 – – – – 9.86 8.81 – – 9.72 – – – – 21.55 25.25 18.03 21.20 15.02 21.00 20.49 18.21 18.79 20.48 20.59 14.65 15.66 17.05 18.64 15.76 17.01 21.55 25.25 18.03 21.20 – 21.08 20.43 18.21 18.79 20.48 20.59 14.65 15.66 17.05 18.64 15.76 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 21.55 25.25 18.03 21.20 15.02 21.00 20.49 18.21 18.79 20.48 20.59 14.65 15.66 17.05 18.64 15.76 17.01 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors: Lathe and turning machine operators ................... Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Numerical control machine operators ................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Printing press operators ....................................... Packaging and filling machine operators .............. Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Level 3 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Welders and cutters .............................................. Assemblers ........................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations: Truck drivers ......................................................... Level 5 .............................................................. Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... Production helpers ................................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Level 1 .............................................................. Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Service occupations: Protective service occupations: Police and detectives, public service .................... Guards and police except public service .............. Food service occupations: Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations .................................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Cooks ................................................................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Level 1 .............................................................. Health service occupations: Health aides, except nursing ................................ Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations: Maids and housemen ........................................... Janitors and cleaners ........................................... See footnotes at end of table. 22 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $16.11 14.40 $16.11 14.40 – – $16.11 14.40 – – 10.74 12.66 14.53 16.35 13.75 12.37 13.27 11.18 16.11 14.18 11.39 8.97 9.97 14.67 14.03 10.43 10.43 10.74 12.66 14.53 16.42 13.75 12.37 13.27 11.18 16.11 14.18 11.39 8.97 9.97 14.67 14.03 10.43 10.43 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.19 12.66 14.53 16.35 14.38 12.37 13.70 11.18 16.11 14.60 11.83 9.72 9.97 14.73 14.03 10.72 10.60 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.04 21.64 14.10 11.55 17.06 19.35 21.64 14.10 11.55 17.06 – – – – – 19.12 21.80 14.72 11.55 17.06 – – – – – 13.13 9.18 7.73 9.13 6.35 8.05 8.71 9.60 8.03 7.29 8.17 6.79 7.16 – 9.18 7.73 9.13 6.35 8.05 8.71 9.60 8.03 7.29 8.38 6.86 – $14.33 – – – – – – – – – 7.62 – – 14.92 10.33 – 10.37 – 8.28 – – – 10.37 9.05 – 7.16 20.66 11.48 – 12.30 20.66 – 20.66 – – – 10.90 2.84 10.06 6.88 6.74 6.35 – 2.84 10.01 6.74 6.40 6.02 – – – – – – – – 10.93 – 7.29 6.66 – 3.08 – 6.67 6.41 6.22 12.15 8.32 8.14 8.05 8.87 12.15 8.22 8.14 8.03 – – – – – – 10.31 8.43 7.92 8.57 – 14.67 8.04 8.91 7.52 – 7.38 9.03 7.38 7.87 8.12 10.10 – 7.11 – 12.44 $7.46 7.16 7.16 6.92 – – – – 7.10 – 6.72 6.49 – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level Service occupations: (-Continued) Cleaning and building service occupations: (-Continued) Janitors and cleaners (-Continued) Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Personal service occupations: Child care workers, N.E.C. ................................... Service occupations, N.E.C.. ................................ 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. All industries State and local government All industries Private industry $7.76 9.07 11.07 $7.62 – 9.88 – – – 7.24 8.37 – 8.40 – – Full-time workers Part-time workers $8.47 10.68 11.23 $6.81 – – – – – 6.50 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 23 Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Occupational group2 Full-time workers3 Part-time workers3 Union4 Nonunion4 Time5 Incentive5 All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $16.65 16.63 $9.53 9.89 $16.66 16.81 $15.26 15.29 $15.57 15.76 $16.95 15.07 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 18.97 19.24 12.65 14.72 18.80 19.47 18.11 18.63 18.22 18.86 18.52 14.78 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 22.84 24.59 17.50 24.02 16.90 12.04 19.40 20.89 14.25 28.03 6.66 9.28 24.05 24.91 15.91 22.79 10.89 12.34 21.80 23.73 17.25 24.13 14.99 11.53 22.40 24.10 17.11 24.55 11.46 11.65 – – – – 19.71 – Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 14.53 17.35 12.80 17.64 10.99 7.10 – 6.64 7.28 7.14 16.15 18.79 15.88 16.71 12.20 11.96 16.38 10.49 17.32 7.91 13.49 17.18 12.29 16.99 9.18 15.47 21.20 14.15 – – Service occupations ........................................................... 11.09 7.08 13.23 7.84 9.77 – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 24 Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Goods-producing industries4 Occupational group3 All private industries Service-producing industries5 Total Mining Construction Manufacturing Total TransWholeportsale ation and and retail public trade utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate Services All occupations ........................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ................................................ $15.17 15.23 – – – – $18.98 19.29 – – – – – – – – – – – – White-collar occupations ....................................................... White-collar excluding sales ................................................. 17.67 18.25 – – – – 15.36 16.22 – – – – – – – – – – – – Professional specialty and technical occupations ................ Professional specialty occupations ................................... Technical occupations ...................................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ....... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ......... 21.92 24.03 17.33 23.66 14.55 11.73 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13.75 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 13.62 17.39 12.53 16.93 9.01 – – – – – – – – – – 20.07 20.67 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Service occupations ............................................................... 8.04 – – – – – – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 25 Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers2, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 100 workers or more All private industry workers 50 - 99 workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $15.17 15.23 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. Occupational group3 Total 100 - 499 workers 500 workers or more $13.49 13.00 $15.57 15.69 $14.15 14.14 $17.22 17.37 17.67 18.25 15.73 15.57 18.08 18.67 16.75 17.41 19.27 19.60 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ..... 21.92 24.03 17.33 23.66 14.55 11.73 18.85 19.82 16.73 20.39 16.03 10.30 22.16 24.36 17.38 24.44 13.61 11.99 20.03 22.07 17.08 23.08 14.19 11.77 23.32 25.36 17.64 25.75 – 12.17 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 13.62 17.39 12.53 16.93 9.01 12.79 16.21 9.22 16.05 9.61 13.82 17.78 13.15 17.34 8.91 13.08 16.65 11.84 18.71 8.26 14.85 19.90 14.68 15.47 9.87 Service occupations ........................................................... 8.04 6.95 8.39 7.77 10.08 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 26 Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All workers Occupational group2 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 541,279 499,863 455,230 413,814 86,049 86,049 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 285,696 244,281 228,545 187,130 57,151 57,151 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 103,489 80,247 23,242 51,212 41,415 89,580 66,231 45,676 20,554 44,328 41,415 76,571 37,258 34,571 2,688 6,884 – 13,009 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 185,496 45,737 70,658 22,312 46,789 173,584 42,317 70,640 20,634 39,994 11,912 3,420 – 1,678 6,795 Service occupations ........................................................... 70,086 53,100 16,986 1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 27 Appendix A: Technical Note 1995. The sampling frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, out-of-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were updated. This section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the data. While this section answers some questions commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description of all the steps required to produce the data. Sample design The sample for this survey area was selected using a two stage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample selection was a probability sample of establishments. The sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a probability proportional to its employment. Use of this technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not selected for collection. See appendix table 1 for a count of establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment. Planning for the survey The overall design of the survey, which was based on the type of data to be produced, had to be developed before data collection could begin. Survey scope This survey of the Milwaukee-Racine, WI, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area covered establishments employing 50 workers or more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction and manufacturing); serviceproducing industries (transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services industries); and State and local governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an economic unit which produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment was defined as all locations of a government entity. The Milwaukee-Racine, WI, CMSA includes Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington, and Waukesha Counties, WI. Data collection The collection of data from survey respondents required detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of the field economists, working out of the Regional Office, who visited each establishment surveyed. Occupational selection and classification Identification of the occupations for which wage data were to be collected was a multi-step process: Sampling frame The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from the State unemployment insurance reports for the MilwaukeeRacine, WI, Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area. The reference month for the public sector is June 1994. Due to the volatility of industries within the private sector, sampling frames were developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The reference month for the private sector is June 1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs. 2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the Census of Population system. 3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time, union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive. 4. Determination of the level of work of each job. 28 In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of Terms” section on the following page for more detail. For each occupation, wage data were collected for those workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for which a correct classification or level could not be determined. In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling, with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment. As with the selection of establishments, the selection of a job was based on probability proportional to its size in the establishment. The greater the number of people working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of selection. The number of jobs collected in each establishment was based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in the following schedule: Number of employees 50-99 100-249 250-999 1000-2,499 2,500+ Generic leveling through point factor analysis In the last step before wage data were collected, the work level of each selected job was determined using a “generic leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all occupations randomly selected in an establishment using the same criteria. This is a major departure from the method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined occupations with leveling definitions unique to each occupation. For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10 leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental. The 10 factors are: Number of selected jobs 8 10 12 16 20 The second step of the process entailed classifying the selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The National Compensation Survey occupational classification system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level were used to classify the job. Classification by primary duties was the fallback. Each occupational classification is an element of a broader classification known as a major occupational group (MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following MOG’s: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Professional specialty and technical Executive, administrative, and managerial Sales Administrative support including clerical Precision production, craft, and repair Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Service occupations Knowledge Supervision received Guidelines Complexity Scope and effect Personal contacts Purpose of contacts Physical demands Work environment Supervisory duties Each factor contains a number of levels and each level has an associated written description and point value. The number and range of points differ among the factors. For each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on which written description best matched the job. Within each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3 presents average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C. Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are A complete list of all individual occupations, classified by the MOG to which they belong, is contained in appendix B. 29 • shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their firm. Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed research continues in the area. The results of this research will be published by BLS in the future. In order to calculate earnings for various time periods (hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical number of hours actually worked was collected. Definition of terms Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time. Collection period The survey was collected from May 1997 through January 1998. The average payroll reference month was September 1997. For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s practices on the day of collection. Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied, at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales. Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements of the position. (See the description in the technical note and the example for more details on the leveling process.) Earnings Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straighttime hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings: • On-call pay Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below). Incentive pay, including commissions, production bonuses, and piece rates Cost-of-living allowances Hazard pay Payments of income deferred due to participation in a salary reduction plan Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight or passengers Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time. The following forms of payments were not considered part of straight-time earnings: Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation when all of the following conditions are met: • • • • • • • • • • Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for the job. Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of production. Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for working a schedule that varies from the norm, such as night or weekend work Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g., Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses) Uniform and tool allowances Free room and board Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate) • • • 30 A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining agent for all workers in the occupation. Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations. Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining agreement. among establishments differ, estimates of the number of workers obtained from the sample of establishments serve only to indicate the relative importance of the occupational groups studied. Processing and analyzing the data Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National Office following collection. Data reliability The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically selected probability sample. There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling and nonsampling. Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample and not from an entire population. The sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2 contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office. The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example, suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645 times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time. Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all survey areas will be used in the development of a formal quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling error. Although they were not specifically measured, the nonsampling errors were expected to be minimal due to the extensive training of the field economists who gathered the survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review. Weighting and nonresponse Sample weights were calculated for each establishment/occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of the establishment within the sample universe. Weights were used to aggregate the individual establishment/occupations into the various data series. Of the establishments surveyed, 28.7 percent (representing 161,319 employees) refused to supply information. If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the nonrespondents equals the mean value of the respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and nonresponding establishments were classified into these cells according to industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells which were additionally defined by major occupation group and job level. Establishments which were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey (2.6 percent of the total sample) had their weights changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the response was treated as a refusal. Estimation The wage series in the tables are computed by combining the wages for individual establishment/occupations. Before being combined, individual wage rates are weighted by: number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether hourly, weekly, or annual rates are being calculated. Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a specific establishment. The number of workers estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures 31 Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size, and number of establishments represented, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 Number of establishments studied Industry All industries ......................................................... Private industry ................................................. Goods-producing industries .......................... Construction ............................................. Manufacturing ........................................... Service-producing industries ........................ Tranportation and public utilities ............... Wholesale and retail trade ........................ Finance, insurance and real estate .......... Services .................................................... State and local government .............................. Number of establishments represented 100 workers or more Total studied 2,856 2,759 858 71 788 1,901 192 656 157 896 97 259 228 84 8 76 144 14 36 13 81 31 50 - 99 workers 63 62 19 5 14 43 3 15 5 20 1 Total 196 166 65 3 62 101 11 21 8 61 30 100 - 499 workers 112 103 41 3 38 62 6 18 2 36 9 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately. 32 500 workers or more 84 63 24 – 24 39 5 3 6 25 21 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 (in percent) Occupation3 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 2.1 1.8 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.1 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Industrial engineers .............................................. Mechanical engineers ........................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ................................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Operations and systems researchers and analysts .......................................................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Pharmacists .......................................................... Dietitians ............................................................... Physical therapists ................................................ Therapists, N.E.C. ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ......................... Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Substitute teachers ............................................... Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Social workers ...................................................... Lawyers and judges .................................................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Professional occupations, N.E.C. ......................... Technical occupations .................................................. Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ....... Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ........................... Drafters ................................................................. Computer programmers ....................................... Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .......... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Administrators and officials, public administration Financial managers .............................................. Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Accountants and auditors ..................................... Other financial officers .......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ....................................................... Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. ................ Management related occupations, N.E.C. ............ Sales occupations ............................................................ Supervisors, sales occupations ............................ Sales occupations, other business services ......... Sales engineers .................................................... 2.1 2.2 3.8 5.1 7.2 3.9 5.1 4.6 2.9 3.4 3.8 5.1 7.2 3.9 4.7 3.2 2.1 2.1 – – – – – – 7.5 10.2 3.4 1.5 7.8 4.9 5.5 5.9 8.7 5.5 2.8 1.5 1.5 4.2 5.2 – – 3.6 4.2 – 7.5 12.8 3.8 1.6 7.8 – 5.5 8.1 – – 22.7 10.1 18.1 – – – – 6.2 – – – – 2.7 – – – – – 8.5 5.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 4.2 – – – 3.9 4.3 – 7.6 7.8 2.9 7.0 4.8 6.9 2.9 4.4 9.9 8.2 2.8 4.6 5.6 7.8 3.4 6.8 4.7 3.7 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.8 3.1 7.0 5.6 6.9 – 4.4 10.3 8.6 3.2 5.4 – 7.8 – 7.1 4.8 4.0 7.1 7.4 – – 6.7 – – – – – – – 4.2 4.4 5.6 – 3.0 – – 2.5 – – 5.2 6.8 8.1 12.0 16.5 19.1 16.8 5.2 6.8 8.2 12.0 16.5 19.1 16.8 – – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 33 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued (in percent) Occupation3 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Sales occupations (-Continued) Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale ................................................. Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ....................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Supervisors, general office ................................... Secretaries ........................................................... Information clerks, N.E.C. ..................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Records clerks, N.E.C. ......................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ............................. Mail clerks except postal service .......................... Dispatchers ........................................................... Production coordinators ........................................ Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................... Investigators and adjusters except insurance ...... Bill and account collectors .................................... General office clerks ............................................. Data entry keyers ................................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ................. Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .......................... Electricians ........................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .................... Tool and die makers ............................................. Precision assemblers, metal ................................. Machinists ............................................................. Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ............. Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................... Stationary engineers ............................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Lathe and turning machine operators ................... Punching and stamping press operators .............. Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .......................................... Numerical control machine operators ................... Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Printing press operators ....................................... Packaging and filling machine operators .............. Painting and paint spraying machine operators ... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Welders and cutters .............................................. Assemblers ........................................................... Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ....... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ....... Hand packers and packagers ............................... See footnotes at end of table. 34 All industries Private industry State and local government 14.5 15.0 2.5 12.3 1.9 6.4 3.2 5.3 4.4 5.2 4.4 6.3 4.4 5.4 7.6 5.9 5.0 12.2 3.3 3.8 3.7 4.5 14.5 15.0 2.5 12.3 2.1 6.5 3.9 5.3 4.4 5.2 4.6 6.3 4.4 – 7.6 5.9 5.0 – 3.1 3.8 – 4.6 – – – – 2.5 – 2.6 – – – – – – – – – – – 4.4 – 3.7 – 2.9 2.3 9.6 4.5 6.2 1.8 4.9 2.2 6.5 5.1 6.9 2.1 4.7 3.4 8.5 8.3 3.1 2.5 9.6 4.5 – 2.2 4.9 2.2 6.5 5.1 6.9 2.1 – 3.4 8.5 8.3 4.9 3.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8.1 9.9 8.7 8.3 9.0 12.3 8.3 6.7 7.8 13.9 6.8 6.1 8.2 5.7 5.8 12.1 7.6 9.8 13.2 10.8 13.0 8.1 9.9 8.7 8.4 9.0 12.3 8.3 6.7 7.8 13.9 6.8 6.5 8.8 5.7 6.2 – 7.6 9.8 13.2 10.8 13.0 – – – – – – – – – – – 6.4 – – 10.0 9.9 – – – – – Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued (in percent) Occupation3 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (-Continued) Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Guards and police except public service .............. Food service occupations ......................................... Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations .................................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Cooks ................................................................... Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Health aides, except nursing ................................ Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Maids and housemen ........................................... Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... Child care workers, N.E.C. ................................... Service occupations, N.E.C.. ................................ 1 The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could not be determined for all occupations. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 All industries Private industry State and local government 5.7 6.6 11.1 3.8 4.3 1.2 16.1 6.4 3.2 14.1 – 19.1 7.0 4.2 4.4 1.2 – 5.2 11.2 10.6 10.9 4.1 5.9 4.4 13.1 2.7 7.3 6.5 5.8 4.7 7.5 6.8 – 10.6 11.9 4.5 5.6 4.6 13.1 2.8 4.0 6.5 5.1 5.4 – 6.8 – – – – – – – – 7.7 – 4.3 6.1 – – individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. 35 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 All occupations ................................................................................. All occupations excluding sales ...................................................... 5 5 6 6 3 4 White-collar occupations ............................................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ................................... 7 7 7 7 5 6 Professional specialty and technical occupations ...................... Professional specialty occupations ......................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ................................. Industrial engineers ........................................................ Mechanical engineers ..................................................... Engineers, N.E.C. ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ..................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts ........ Natural scientists ................................................................ Health related occupations ................................................. Registered nurses .......................................................... Pharmacists .................................................................... Dietitians ......................................................................... Physical therapists .......................................................... Therapists, N.E.C. .......................................................... Teachers, college and university ........................................ Teachers, post secondary N.E.C. ................................... Teachers, except college and university ............................ Elementary school teachers ........................................... Secondary school teachers ............................................ Teachers, N.E.C. ............................................................ Substitute teachers ......................................................... Librarians, archivists, and curators ..................................... Social scientists and urban planners .................................. Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................ Social workers ................................................................ Lawyers and judges ............................................................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ........................................................................... Professional occupations, N.E.C. ................................... Technical occupations ............................................................ Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians ........... Licensed practical nurses ............................................... Health technologists and technicians, N.E.C. ................. Engineering technicians, N.E.C. ..................................... Drafters ........................................................................... Computer programmers ................................................. Technical and related occupations, N.E.C. .................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ............. Executives, administrators, and managers ......................... Administrators and officials, public administration .......... Financial managers ........................................................ Administrators, education and related fields ................... Managers, medicine and health ..................................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................ Management related occupations ...................................... Accountants and auditors ............................................... Other financial officers .................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists ........ Purchasing agents and buyers, N.E.C. .......................... Management related occupations, N.E.C. ...................... Sales occupations ...................................................................... Supervisors, sales occupations ...................................... Sales occupations, other business services ................... Sales engineers .............................................................. Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale .................................................................. Sales workers, other commodities .................................. Cashiers ......................................................................... Sales support occupations, N.E.C. ................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ............... Supervisors, general office ............................................. 8 9 9 9 8 10 9 9 9 9 8 8 9 7 9 8 11 9 8 9 9 8 6 – – 8 8 – 9 9 9 9 8 10 9 9 9 9 9 8 – – – 8 12 10 9 9 9 9 – – – 8 8 – 7 8 – – – – – – – – 8 8 – – – – 8 – 7 – – 8 6 – – – – – 10 9 7 7 6 5 7 6 8 7 10 11 11 11 11 10 11 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 6 7 9 10 – 7 7 6 6 7 6 8 7 10 11 11 11 11 10 11 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 7 9 – – 6 6 6 5 – – – – 10 – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – 8 3 2 4 4 6 8 5 2 – 5 6 – 3 2 – 3 – See footnotes at end of table. 36 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 White-collar occupations (-Continued) Administrative support occupations, including clerical (-Continued) Secretaries ..................................................................... Information clerks, N.E.C. ............................................... Order clerks .................................................................... Records clerks, N.E.C. ................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................ Payroll and timekeeping clerks ....................................... Mail clerks except postal service .................................... Dispatchers ..................................................................... Production coordinators .................................................. Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ............................. Insurance adjusters, examiners, & investigators ............ Investigators and adjusters except insurance ................ Bill and account collectors .............................................. General office clerks ....................................................... Data entry keyers ........................................................... Teachers’ aides .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ................... 5 4 3 4 4 4 3 5 5 4 – 5 4 2 3 4 5 5 – 3 4 4 4 3 5 5 4 6 5 – 3 4 4 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 – 4 3 Blue-collar occupations ............................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .................... Supervisors, mechanics and repairers ........................... Industrial machinery repairers ........................................ Mechanics and repairers, N.E.C. .................................... Electricians ..................................................................... Supervisors, production occupations .............................. Tool and die makers ....................................................... Precision assemblers, metal ........................................... Machinists ....................................................................... Miscellaneous precision workers, N.E.C. ....................... Inspectors, testers, and graders ..................................... Stationary engineers ....................................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................ Lathe and turning machine operators ............................. Punching and stamping press operators ........................ Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators .................................................................. Numerical control machine operators ............................. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. .......................... Printing press operators ................................................. Packaging and filling machine operators ........................ Painting and paint spraying machine operators ............. Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ..................... Welders and cutters ........................................................ Assemblers ..................................................................... Miscellaneous hand working occupations, N.E.C. .......... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............ Transportation and material moving occupations ....................... Truck drivers ................................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................ Groundskeepers and gardeners except farm ................. Production helpers .......................................................... Stock handlers and baggers ........................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ..................................... Freight, stock, and material handlers, N.E.C. ................. Hand packers and packagers ......................................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ............................. 4 6 8 7 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 3 5 4 5 6 8 7 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 4 5 4 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – 3 5 3 6 3 4 4 4 2 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 5 3 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 – – 3 2 – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – 2 2 1 2 – – – 1 Service occupations ..................................................................... Protective service occupations ........................................... Police and detectives, public service .............................. Guards and police except public service ........................ Food service occupations ................................................... Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations Waiters and waitresses .................................................. 3 6 7 3 2 5 2 4 6 7 – 3 – – 2 – – – 2 – 2 See footnotes at end of table. 37 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Milwaukee-Racine, WI, September 1997 — Continued All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 Service occupations (-Continued) Food service occupations (-Continued) Cooks ............................................................................. Kitchen workers, food preparation .................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ........................... Health service occupations ................................................. Health aides, except nursing .......................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ......................... Cleaning and building service occupations ........................ Maids and housemen ..................................................... Janitors and cleaners ..................................................... Personal service occupations ............................................. Child care workers, N.E.C. ............................................. Service occupations, N.E.C.. .......................................... 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors, painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and legislators cannot be assigned a work level. 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 – 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 4 – – – 2 1 3 3 3 2 – 2 2 – 2 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." 38
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