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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . B. WILSON, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ) BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S \ MISCELLANEOUS ’ * No. 282 SERIES MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN WASHINGTON, D. C. By VICTORIA B. TURNER FEBRUARY, 1921 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.......................................................... .................................................... 5, 6 Sick benefit associations.......................................................................................... 6-20 Organization........................................................................................................ 6, 7 Officers.......................................................................................................... 6 Salaries......................................................................................................... 7 Bonding of officers.................................................................................... 7 Membership........................................................................................................ 7-10 8, 9 Limitations upon membership................................ ................................. Qualifications for membership................................................................... 9 Forfeiture of membership........................................................................... 9,10 Sources of income............................................................................................... 10 Administration of funds..................................................................................... 10-12 Investments, reserve funds, and loans...................................................... 11 Refunds............................................... ........................................................ 11,12 Benefits................................................................................................................ 12,13 Annual dividends......................... .................................................................... 13,14 Receipts and disbursements.............................................................................. 15-20 Death benefit associations............................................................... ........................ 21-27 Organization.................................................................................................„. *. 21 Membership..............................•-........................................................................ 21, 22 Limitations upon membership................................................................... • 21 Qualifications for membership................................................................... 22 Forfeiture of membership........................................................................... 22 Sources of income. - ............................................................................................ 22, 23 Death benefits..................................................................................................... 23-24 Time of payment......................................................................................... 23-24 Beneficiaries................................................................................................. 24 Prevention of fraud..................................................................................... 24 Surplus funds....................................................................................................... 24, 25 Receipts and disbursements............................................................................. 25-27 Sick and death benefit associations....................................................... ............. .. 28-37 Membership......................................................................................................... 28,29 Limitations upon membership.................................................................. 28 Qualifications for membership................................................................... 28, 29 Forfeiture of membership........................................................................... 29 Sources of income.. .......................................................................................... 29 Administration of funds...................................................................................... 29 Reserve and surplus funds......................................................................... 29 Sick benefits........................................................................................................ 30 Annual dividends............................................................................................... 30 Death benefits..................................................................................................... 30, 31 Beneficiaries................................................................................................. 30, 31 Receipts and disbursements.............................................................................. 31-35 Government Employees’ Mutual Relief Association...................................... 36, 37 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 37, 38 3 BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. n o .282. WASHINGTON. Fe b r u a r y , 1921. MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERN MENT EMPLOYEES IN WASHINGTON, D. C. Relief associations organized for the purpose of paying benefits in case of sickness and death have existed in the various Government departments in Washington for many years. While the fact of their existence has been generally known, only recently has any attempt been made to ascertain the number of these organizations and tne scope of their activities. The results of this investigation, which was made by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in the latter part of 1920, are given in this study. In a consideration of the results of this survey it must be under stood at the outset that the data do not purport to be exhaustive. Every effort was made to get as complete information as possible* Government officials gave generously of their time and of their good offices to facilitate this result and officers of the associations them selves cooperated with the bureau’s agent in securing necessary facts. But the private or semiprivate nature of the associations, which the Government officials respect, to a degree limited the possibility of discovering the existence of all such organizations. This was espe cially true in large departments where a number of small sick benefits were in operation in the various rooms, divisions, or shops, and it frequently happened that the only method of unearthing them was through direct inquiry of the officers of the associations known or of the supervisory officials in charge of rooms, shops, or work. For these reasons every association of this character, as stated before, may not appear in this report. The survey does nevertheless cover 80 of them, 28 of which are in the navy yard; 23 in the Govern ment Printing Office; 11 in the Bureau of Engraving; 6 in the city post office; 1 each in the following departments or branches of the service: Bureau of the Census, Bureau of Immigration, Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of the Interior, Interstate Commerce Commission, Library oT Congress, Post Office Department, Pension Bureau, Smithsonian Institution and its de pendencies (which include the United States National Museum, National Zoological Park, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bureau of International Exchanges, Astrophysical Observatory, Bureau of In ternational Catalogue of Scientific Literature, and National Gallery of Art, together with the Bureau of Fisheries), Treasury, and an interdepartmental association composed of employees of the Bureau of Mines and kindred bureaus, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Forest Service, General Land Office, Geological Survey, Indian Service, and Reclamation Service. According to their latest statistical reports the associations report ing represent a total membership of 23,171. The total receipts reported for the latest year available reached $256,013.92, while the 5 6 R E L IE F A S S O C IA T IO N S A M O N G G O V E R N M E N T E M P L O Y E E S . disbursements in sick and death benefits amounted to $132,320.05. In addition, 64 of the sick benefit societies and 2 of the associations paying only a death benefit divide their surpluses at the close of the year in the form of dividends, and 61 of these reporting had available for distribu tion for this purpose $77,682.41. Some of tne members of these associa tions carry membership in several organizations of this sort; and while this fact would probably not change the total number to a very appreciable extent, it should be borne in mind in a consideration of the total membership. No associations of this character were found in the War Depart ment, Navy Department proper, State Department, Department of Justice, or Patent Office. One had gone out of existence in the War Department. The associations may be grouped generally into three classes ac cording to whether the benefit paid is a sick benefit, a death benefit, or a combination of these two. Of the associations paying only sick benefits there are 50; of the purely death benefit associations 14, while those paying both a sickness and a death benefit number 16. The discussion of them will be taken up by groups, as it is believed that bv this method a more definite and more concrete idea may be had oi the characteristics and operation of each group. SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. ORGANIZATION. The 50 relief associations paying only sick benefits were the first to be organized. Chronologically they range, as shown in Table 1, from 1883, when the Government Printing Office Mutual Relief Asso ciation was formed, to the founding of the Columbian Club (navy yard) in 1920. Forty-four of those reporting have come into exist ence since 1899, 14 of them since 1914. OFFICERS. A great similarity naturally exists in the general machinery of government adopted by the relief organizations. There are the usual officers—president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, secretarytreasurer, or financial secretary, as the case may be, as well as a governing board which appears under various names of board of directors, board of trustees, governing board, or executive committee. A tendency exists to combine the offices of secretary and treasurer under the name of secretary-treasurer or financial secretary and thus save expense as to salaries and bonds where these officers are bonded. Elections follow democratic lines, the officers and governing board in practically all cases being elected annually by ballot of the whole membership. Their duties are such as ordinarily pertain to such offices with the exception that in many instances they are of a more personal nature, the officers either constituting a committee for vis iting the sick, or doing it voluntarily. Applications for membership and claims for benefits must in a large percentage of the organizations be passed upon either by the officers or by the board of governors or both. In some associations the president appoints a special com mittee to visit the sick, and in all an auditing or finance committee is appointed to make the annual or semiannual audit of the books. S IC K B E N E F IT A S S O C IA T IO N S . 7 SALARIES. Officers’ salaries are necessarily small. They vary in amount from no salary, which is shown in two cases, or the mere allowance of annual dues in a number of cases, to $100 per annum paid in four of the sick benefit associations. In 26 of these relief societies only one officer, usually the secretary-treasurer or financial secretary, receives a salary, the aim being to keep expenditures down to the lowest possible point. A study of the duties of the officers from constitutions and schedules submitted leads to the conclusion that the salaries are paid more as a recognition of services than as a compensation for them. The secretary-treasurer in particular must be a “ be-all,” “ do-all” sort of person, who frequently collects dues, makes long trips to visit the sick— often paying his own street car fare— attends to claims for benefits and pays them, in addition to keeping the books, which must be in shape for the annual or semiannual audit. In view of the amount of time that must be devoted to personal work of this character, it is not surprising that in some cases additional time can not be given to the most approved systems of bookkeeping. BONDING OF OFFICERS. Only 24, or about half of the societies of this group, bond their officers, the other 26 dispensing with this formality in admin istering their funds, either for reasons of economy or because such safeguards are not considered necessary in small groups, where the members are usually property owners and all well known to one another. The bonds, m amounts running from $200 to $3,000, are ordinarily taken out for the secretary-treasurer. In six of the associations, however, where both these offices exist, bonds are taken out for both secretary and treasurer. MEMBERSHIP. In a large m a jo r it y of cases the regular association year in the organizations paying sick benefits ends November 30. An effort was made, therefore, to obtain data from all associations for the year 1918-19, and statistics for the year ending November 30, 1919, in large part form the basis for the tables shown. There are, however, a few associations which close up their business at other times, and a few others so young that the first year of their organi zation had not been completed when the survey was made. In such cases the latest data were taken, as indicated in the footnotes. Accord ing to these various statements the latest available approximate mem bership of the 50 sick benefit associations reporting membership was 7,781. War-time fluctuations in the Government service ana the prevalence of “ flu” during the past few years wrought havoc with the membership in some of the associations, the number of members shown for 1918-19 being much smaller than in preceding years. While complete figures were not available for 1919-20, inquiries showed that membership in practically all of the associations had materially increased during the past year. 8 R E L IE F A S S O C IA T IO N S A M O N G G O V E R N M E N T E M P L O Y E E S . LIMITATIONS UPON MEMBERSHIP. Membership in the sick benefit associations, as shown in Table 1, is limited generally as to color, sex, age, occupation, and length of service. As to race and sex the total membership of these organi zations is made up very largely of white males. Forty-five of them admit only persons belonging to the white race; 3, only those of the colored race; and 2 make no distinction as to color. * There are 2 in which the membership is confined to women, 43 to men, and 5 in which both men and women may become members. Maximum age limits range from 43 years in the Women's Bindery Mutual Relief Association to 60 years in the Document Relief Asso ciation, both in the Government Printing Office. Ten organizations make no requirement as to age. Of those reporting an age require ment 16 admit persons up to 55 years of age, 16 up to 50 years, and the other 8 at various ages greater or less than these within the limits indicated above. The minimum age limits are usually be tween 18 and 21 years, depending upon the department or the char acter of the association as to occupation requirement. In the navy yard first-class apprentices 18 years of age are admitted to mem bership, the 21-year-old limit prevailing in most of the other asso ciations. In 25 of the associations a member must have been 6 months in the service. In other words, he must have a permanent status; 24 have no requirement as to length of service; and 1 has a 12 months’ requirement for the division. It will be noticed that 18 of those making no requirement as to service are found in the navy yard. This apparent lack of service requirement in this department is due to the fact that an employee in the mechanical force of the navy yard becomes permanent at the end of 10 days, and for this reason most of the relief associations in “ the yard” do not consider a service requirement necessary. Membership in 23 of the associations is also limited to particular occupations, as follows: Machinists, 10; plate printers, 3; printers, 3; pressmen, 2; electro typers, clerks, and proofreaders, molders, painters, and plate makers each 1. Of these, one is a trade-union organization, all the officers save the secretary-treasurer, who is elected by the members, being officers in the international union of the trade. Ten associations having a limitation as to occupation either require membership in the union of the trade or are open to all trade-union men of a shop or division. The men in the occupations shown are usually so thoroughly organized that even in the organi zations having no trade-union requirement practically all of the members are also members of their own trade-unions. In addition to these general limitations upon membership there are a number which pertain to particular divisions of departments or to the organizations themselves. For instance, there are 2 associa tions in which membership is limited to members of the Masonic order; 1, the Supervisory Relief Association of the Navy Yard, in which all members, in addition to being master mechanics, must belong to the supervisory force of the “ yard.” In 17 membership is confined to a particular shop or division. This is especially true in the navy yard, where the shops are some distance apart. There is an advantage too from this last limitation in that the men are better known to one another and the collections of dues can SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 9 more easily be made. A healthy and beneficial rivalry as to benefits, membership, dividends, and general condition of the organization also often exists among societies confined to one shop. If the amount paid for sickness is low in some of the societies of a shop and the dividend at the close of the year correspondingly large, there may he a shifting of membership from organization to organization. Some of the associations have restrictions as to the number who may belong, the membership being fixed at 75, 100, or 200, as the case may be, A bar to membership seems to create a desire for it, several of the organizations having this limitation being so popular that waiting lists were found and membership could be secured only through the approval of the entire official board. The number of relief associations existing in a particular shop is often attributable to the fact that jnembership in original organizations is closed, a con dition which has led to the formation of new ones from time to time. Nine of these relief associations (see Table 2) have classes of members within the association, according to the amount of initiation fees or dues paid, In some membership may be had in all classes, in others only one, and in still others a certain length of membership in one class is required for membership in another. “ Temptation to feigned illness” is removed in a few instances by limitation of mem bership to such an extent that the benefits derived shall not exceed the weekly wage. Q U A L IF IC A T IO N S F O R M E M B E R S H I P . Applications for membership in a relief association are usually indorsed by some member or members and passed upon by the officers and governing board. The applicant must satisfy the board, through application blank or otherwise, that he is in normal health, has no chronic disease, can furnish a fair sickness record, and that in other respects he will constitute a good risk. Only 3 of the associations require a medical certificate, though in the other asso ciations one is demanded in doubtful cases. The point was repeat edly emphasized by those giving the information that both the physical and the moral characteristics of applicants are well known in these small groups, that great care is exercised in the selection of members, that fraudulent statements work forfeiture of membership, and that therefore the formality and expense of a doctor's certificate are for these reasons dispensed with. F O R F E IT U R E O F M E M B E R S H IP . In all the associations fraudulent statements of any character in the application blank or false claims for benefits and nonpay ment 6f dues, as indicated above, effect a forfeiture of membership. Though practically all the constitutions provide a 30-day limit for nonpayment of dues, leniency is usually shown in case of delinquency, a member’s intent being accepted as long as possible. In case of the continued illness of a member many of the associations will pay benefits for two years, or possibly for three years, provided his dues are kept up, and at the expiration of that time drop his name from the rolls. The payment of benefit three consecutive years for the same illness is also considered sufficient reason for the forfeiture of membership, a person in either of the last-mentioned conditions constituting too great a drain upon the finances of the society. 2 7 0 5 4 °— 21— B u ll. 28 2 --------2 10 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. In 27 of the associations retention of membership depends upon duration of employment in the department or office. Eight continue membership in cases of withdrawal from the service to the end of the association year, provided dues are kept up. Membership may be retained in 7 indefinitely upon payment of dues, and 5 others modify this provision by specifying residence in the District of Columbia or within a 40-mile radius, the idea being that members must live within visiting distance. One requires employment in other Govern ment departments; 1 allows the retention of membership in case members remain in the city and are employed in the printing trade, while in 1 conducted as indicated before under trade-union auspices, a man’s standing in the relief is dependent upon his holding a union card. Persons seeking reinstatement in these associations must, with a few exceptions, enter as new members. This includes payment of the initiation fee, if one is required, and the probationary period necessary for benefits. Five of the societies made exceptions of “ the boys” entering the military service during the war; 5 do not require a second initiation fee. In 4 of the organizations a member may become immediately beneficial by the payment of back dues, while in 1 employment in the Government service is a requisite for reinstatement. If a man who has received full benefits withdraws voluntarily before the end of the association year, he finds reinstate ment difficult, if not impossible. SOURCES OF INCOME. The regular revenues of the associations paying sick benefits are derived from initiation fees, monthly dues, and small amounts of accrued interest on funds. The greatest source of income is naturally the monthly dues, which rang;e in amount (see Table 2) from 50 cents to $3, with $1 as the predominating amount. In 11 of the organizations the membership is divided into two or three classes dependent usually upon the amount of dues paid permonth, an increase of dues in 8 societies of this group being accompanied by a corresponding increase in benefits. The 3 associations forming ex- > ceptions to this method of apportioning dues and benefits provide that membership may be carried in all three classes, so the result as to increased benefits may be about the same. Of the other 8 having this class arrangement of dues, 4 restrict membership to one class, 3 make no restrictions, and 1 is not reported. The advantage of such a division of membership and dues lies in the fact that a member may spend as much for protection each month as he is able to afford and if he is ill he receives increased sick benefits; if not, his investment returns to him in a larger dividend at the close of the year. The income from the initiation fees is obviously much smaller than that derived from monthly dues. Only 36 of the 50 associations re quire an entrance fee. In some the fee constitutes the first month’s dues Two of these have classes of fees corresponding to classes of dues and benefits. Like the dues, the fees vary in amount from 50 cents to $3, 31 of the relief organizations charging $1. ADMINISTRATION OF FUNDS* The funds of these associations in most cases are deposited in a bank either upon a savings or a checking account, some of SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 11 them carrying two accounts, and disbursements are made in all but 8 instances by check. The 8 organizations in which cash payments are made have adopted this method of disbursement because the members find it more convenient than payment by check; but in these cases the secretary-treasurer’s vouchers or orders must be signed and they act as receipts. The ordinary bills of an association such as salaries, printing, bond, etc., are usually paid by the secretary-treasurer or the treasurer, with the indorsement of the president. Claims for benefits, however, must in practically all of the relief societies be approved by the governing board or the executive com mittee, which personally investigates each case or acts upon the report of the sick committee. Meetings are as a rule held weekly to approve claims. In order to further safeguard the finances of the benefit associa tions, all funds are subject to an annual or semiannual audit by the finance or auditing committee. In some organizations the secretary posts in a conspicuous place in the shop or division a monthly state ment of receipts and expenditures so that the members may know at all times the exact financial status of the relief society to which they belong. IN V E S T M E N T S A N D RESERVE FU N DS. The financial affairs are of only a year’s duration, the object being to close up all business at the end of the association year just as though the association expected to disband, leaving the smallest amount possible in the treasury. These organizations, therefore, make no investments unless keeping their surplus funds at interest may be considered such. Only 11 of them maintain reserve funds. In 5 of these the funds are fixed amounts, varying from $50 to $300. The other six establish their reserve funds in various ways. In 2 the reserve fund is made up of all initiation fees, in 2 each member upon joining the association pays $1 toward the fund, which is kept in a savings account; 1 association devotes the first month’s dues to this purpose, while in 1 each member contributes $2, $1 of which is his initiation fee, the other being paid in during the first year of his membership. Associations not maintaining reserve funds trust either to small amounts left in the treasury at the close of the year being sufficient to meet immediate obligations of the new Year, or to the fact that since a member must pay his dues by the middle of each month or shortly thereafter to be beneficial for that month and a waiting period of at least one week must elapse before sick benefits are paid, the first pay day’s dues will take care of all neces sary expenditures. In cases of a lack of sufficient funds individual members will advance an urgent claim for a sick benefit until such a time as the society can reimburse them. Several of the associa tions, however, had already made arrangements for establishing re serve funds during the year 1919-20 by setting aside a certain amount per member from the surplus before the dividend was declared. REFU NDS. In the case of withdrawal from membership in the relief associa tions all but 6 of the associations make proportionate refunds of the amounts paid in to those members who have not received sick benefits. The refunds are made in two ways: Either as a pro rata dividend or by returning 50 per cent of the dues paid in for the year. Twenty- 12 BELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. four of the associations pro rate the surplus funds in the treasury at the time of a member’s withdrawal; 3 return the pro rata at the close of the year; 4 include the amount paid into the reserve fund with the pro rata, and 4 make the paying of the dividend dependent upon a member’s leaving the service in which he is. One of the associations in which the dues are refunded also requires continuance in the Government service, and one organization differing from all the rest pays a pro rata dividend in case a member is laid off or dis charged; if he withdraws no refund is made. Initiation fees, which must accompany application blanks, are naturally refunded if appli cations are not accepted. BENEFITS. The outstanding features of this class of relief associations are the returns upon the investment made, and these are of two kinds: The sick benefit consisting of a certain amount paid weekly for a fixed period, to those who need it, and the dividend pro rated from the surplus funds at the close of the year to all members who have not drawn sick benefits, according to the number of months for which they have paid dues. Sick benefits are paid for bona fide sickness, which includes accidents and in most instances quarantine, though full benefit is not always paid for quarantine. Illnesses due to excesses of any kind are not recognized as such. The maximum period for which benefits are paid during any association year in 32 of the associations is 6 weeks; 15 pay for 8 weeks; 1 for 10 weeks; 1 for 7 weeks; and 1 does not report this par ticular. The longest periods, of 8 and 10 weeks, are paid by the relief associations of the navy yard. Many of the organizations, especially those basing the amount of their benefit upon the working days of the week, pay for fractional parts of a week after the first week. In cases of continuous illness occuring at the close of an association year the period for which benefits are paid may be extended into the next association year if need be, for 6, 8, or 10 weeks, according to the limit of the benefit period fixed by the asso ciation, and thus a member may in case of real necessity receive the sick benefits due for two years, an arrangement often affording assistance and encouragement through an otherwise difficult time. Data given in Table 2 show that a person to receive benefits in any month must have been a member of his association from 30 to 365 days according to the association shown, 60 days being the predomi nating requirement of the organizations reporting. Furthermore, he must have paid his monthly dues by the 15th of the month or at the latest by the 20th or 21st, and this extension of time is allowed in but few of the associations. A waiting period of one full week or from 6 to 12 working days is required in every instance before the benefit is paid. No sick benefit is paid for less than one week and to secure this notification of illness must be made to the officers either through the visiting committee or another member. To receive benefit for the full first week the notification must be made within from 2 to 5 days after the illness begins. Likewise a member who is entering upon any week of sick ness after the first week and who has failed to notify the officers of the relief association will receive benefit only from the beginning of the notification period as fixed by the constitution. SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 13 The amount of benefit paid ranges from $6 to $30 per week, with $10 as a predominating amount, 18 of the associations paying it out right and 10 others with a class arrangement of dues and benefits showing at least one class of members receiving that amount. There is, as stated before, an apparent relation between the amount of dues and the benefits paid. An investment of $1 a month in dues, in a majority of cases, yields $10 a week in sick benefit; $2 per month in dues, $20 per week sick benefit; $3 in dues, $30 in benefit, though there are 13 associations which pay $12 per week sick benefit for $1 a month dues. One association, however, which charges $1 a month dues pays a benefit of $15 per week. Five relief organizations having a single class of members paying $2 per month dues are able to pay a benefit of $24 per week. The largest amount of relief possible in any year from one member ship, as shown in Table 2, is $192, paid by 5 relief associations in the navy yard. Larger yearly amounts than this, however, may be had in organizations of this character in which the membership is divided into classes and is unlimited as to class. Many of the associations, moreover, make no limitation whatever as to membership, and their members consequently often belong to as many associations as they can afford to, thus largely augmenting the amount of benefit possible in case of illness. The sick benefits are paid weekly upon report of the visiting com mittee. In 15 of the associations a doctor’s certificate is also re quired for members living within the District limits and in prac tically all cases a doctor’s certificate sworn to before a notary must be furnished by members residing at such a distance that the com mittee is unable to visit them. A very few of the relief organiza tions pay sick benefits only for actual loss of pay, that is, at the expiration of all annual and sick leave, if sick leave is allowed. In one or two others if a member is entitled to compensa tion under the Federal compensation act no benefit is paid until payments under the act cease. Restrictions that decrease the amount paid out in benefits naturally react favorably upon the dividend at the close of the year but, in the opinion of the officers of associations which do not follow this practice, effect a failure as a sick benefit to this extent. In the event of the sudden death of a member, occurring either at his work or elsewhere, it is customary, in several of the relief asso ciations, to pay his family full benefits due him at that time. That is, if he has drawn no sick benefits during the year his family receives the entire amount allowed; if he has drawn benefits the association pays his family the difference between what he has drawn and the full amount due him, Four relief organizations pay the first week’s benefits in such cases unless the deceased member has already re ceived this amount, and three others pay to the family of a member dying during any of the stipulated weeks of illness the benefit for that week. It must not be understood that this extension of the sick benefit is not made in a larger number of associations. Ref erence is made only to those in whose schedules the fact is mentioned. ANNUAL DIVIDENDS. As stated before the mutual relief associations paying sick benefits close up their accounts at the end of each association 14 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. year, all the surplus in the treasury after the sick benefits and other expenses are met being divided pro rata among the members who have not drawn sick benefits. Should it happen that a member’s sick benefits are less than the pro rata dividend, the difference is made up to him, but these cases are rare. Except in a few instances the dividend is based upon the whole number of months for which dues are paid and each member receives a proportionate share according to the number of months for which he has paid dues. A few of the associations which have a division of membership into classes divide their surplus into shares, one yearly membership constituting a share, and compute their dividend upon the whole number of shares represented. The yearly dividends quoted in Table 2 are the amounts declared only to such members as paid dues for the entire 12 months of the year for which the statistics are shown, and in most cases they apply to 1918-19. An examination of the table reveals the fact that 44 of the associations show pro rata dividends paid; 5 had been in exist ence less than one year and 1 reports no dividend. In 11, or onefourth, of the associations reporting dividends, the amount fell below 50 per cent of the amount invested. In three-fourths of them, there fore, the dividends for 12 months’ members amounted to at least 50 per cent of the amount paid in. So that in about 75 per cent of the associations for which dividends are quoted a person upon an in vestment of from 50 cents to $3 per month may, if he is sick, receive from a single membership benefits of from $6 to $30 per week for periods of from 5 to 10 weeks in any association year; if he escapes illness, he has been protected against possible illness and at the end of the year 50 per cent or more of the money invested is returned to him. In case the members in a relief association are divided into classes and membership is held in several classes the dividend in creases in proportion to the increase in dues. From this showing it appears that an investment in the ordinary sick relief affords needed assistance, puts possible charity on a business basis, and in a majority of the associations yields a satisfactory return of the amount expended. No sweeping deductions regarding the general condition of the asso ciations paying less than 50 per cent return upon investment should be made from the statistics shown. These happen to be the figures for 1918-19 when a number of the associations were very hard hit by the influenza epidemic. Figures for another year might tell quite a different story. Two or three of them, moreover, are in shops where the accident rate is high and illnesses due to accidents were of long duration. Such conditions necessarily make heavy inroads upon funds. On the other hand, some of the associations paying larger dividends are composed in great part of young persons, or benefits may not be paid until a member is without leave and financial assistance under the compensation act, or the organization may have had a “ very good year.” Conditions modify the amount from year to year. In general while the relief associations are liot money making concerns there is an effort made to conduct their affairs in as businesslike a manner as possible under the circumstances, to give every member his exact due, and to make as good a showing as possible at the close of the year. SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 15 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. Table 3 is a statement of the receipts and disbursements of the 50 relief associations under discussion, according to financial state ments available when the survey was made. In most cases the data are for the year ending November 30, 1919. Only 15 of the relief asso ciations show balances from the preceding year. This is due to the fact, as stated before, that the funds are divided at the close of the year in such a way as to leave the smallest possible amount in the treasury. Some of the organizations do not even carry these small balances on their books, the remainder being presented to the secre tary for postage or similarly disposed of. According to the data shown the total receipts of the 50 associa tions from all sources were $109,943.48 while the expenditures of the 49 associations reporting this item reached a total of $54,807.16. Forty-eight associations reported a total of $54,087.22 available as dividends. Of the 50 associations providing relief in case of sickness only, 46 made complete reports as to receipts, benefits, and amount available as dividends. The total receipts of these 46 societies for the year were $100,296.16. Over 96 per cent of this amount either was paid to members as sick benefits or was available as dividends, the sick benefits amounting to $46,289.62 and the amount available as divi dends (which was practically all paid out as such) being $50,129.93. Therefore, less than 4 per cent of the receipts was used for salaries, rent, printing, and other expenses. Tables 1, 2, and 3, which follow, relate to the 50 associations which provide sick benefits only. T able 1 .— D A T E O F O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D G E N E R A L S H IP O F A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y IN G S IC K L IM IT A T IO N S U P O N B E N E F IT S O N L Y . M EM BER M e m b e r s h ip li m it e d t o — A s s o c ia t io n . B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r i n t in g : B u r e a u M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................. C e n t u r y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................. E n g in e e r in g a n d M a c h in e D iv is io n R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n (m a ch in e d iv is io n ). E q u i t a b l e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ( p r i n t in g d iv is io n ).1 F i d e l i t y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................ N u m b e r i n g D iv is io n R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n (n u m b e r in g d iv is io n ). P la t e P r i n t e r s M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n . . P re ss m e n ’ s R e lie f A s s o c ia tio n . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O ffic e : B u i ld in g s R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................ C a s t in g R o o m R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ........... C o l u m b i a B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n ...................... D o c u m e n t R e lie f A s s o c ia t io n .. . F o u n d r y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n 4............................. F r a n k l in R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ( j o b r o o m ) ____ G . P . O . M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................ G . P . O . R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................. G r a p h ic A r t s M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n 6. . L in o t y p e R e lie f A s s o cia tio n (lin o t y p e d i v is io n ). 1 D a t a N o v . 30, 1920. 2 N o t re p o rte d . 3 I n t h e d i v is i o n . Y ear o rg a n iz e d . 1903 1911 1909 C o lo r. w. w. Sex. M a x i m um a ge. W. M. M. M. 50 55 55 (2) w. M. 52 1912 W. M. F. 50 53 M. M. 50 55 (2) w. w. 1900 1906 W . 1912 1911 1899 1914 1903 W W W W W . . . . . (5) w. &c. w. w. w. 1919 1909 w. 1883 1913 M. M. M. M. & F. M. M. M. M. M. M. 50 55 60 45 50 55 50 50 O c c u p a t io n . L e n gth of s e r v ic e (m o s .) . 6 6 P la t e p r in t e r s . . . d o ............. 3 12 P la t e p r in t e r s P r e s s m e n ___ E le ctro ty p e r s . C le r k s and p r o o f rea ders. M a c h i n i s t s ____ 4 D a t a S e p t . 30, 1919. 5 A b o u t 1900. 6 D a t a S e p t . 14, 1920. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 16 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. T a b l e 1 .— D A T E O F O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D G E N E R A L L I M I T A T I O N S U P O N M E M B E R S H I P O F A S S O C I A T I O N S P A Y I N G S I C K B E N E F I T S O N L Y — C o n c lu d e d . M e m b e r s h ip l i m i t e d t o — Y ear o rg a n iz e d . A s so cia tio n . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O ffic e — C o n c l u d e d . M e r g e n th a le r R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................... M o n o t y p e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .............................. M u t u a l B e n e f it A s s o c i a t i o n .......... M u tu a l R e lie f A s s o cia tio n . ......... N e w R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................... . ... P la t e M a k e r s R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n 4. . P r e s s m e n ’ s R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................... P r o o f R o o m R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................... P r o v id e n t B e n e f it A s s o c i a t i o n ( p r i n t in g d iv is io n ). U n io n M u t u a l R e l i e f ............................................... w . 1916 W. ( 3) 1912 C. 1902 C. 1912 W . 1912 w. 1911 w. & C . 1913 W. 1917 W. W o m e n ’ s B i n d e r y M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n . N a v y yard: A tla s R e lie f A s s o cia tio n (s h o p .................. B r o a d s id e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ( b r o a d s id e m o u n t s h o p ).8 C o lu m b ia R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............. I P r i n t e r s ........... i P la t e m a k e rs P r e s s m e n .......... P r i n t e r s ........... 50 1906 P r in t e r s a n d b o o k b in d e r s . W. F. 43 1907 w. w. w. M. & F. M. 50 55 1905 V)9 1917 1917 H)....... 1904 H. 1914 1912 (13) 11905 M. 50 w. w. w. M. M. M. M. & F. 50 50 w. w. w. c. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. w. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. w. w. M. M. w. se r v ice , ( m o s .) . 1 55 H)14__ 45 55 55 55 50 '"55 O c c u p a t io n . M. & F. 1915 2 N o t rep orted . 4 D a t a S e p t . 3 0 ,1 9 1 9 . 7 D a t a J u n e 3 0 ,1 9 2 0 . s D a t a A u g . 3 1 ,1 9 2 0 . ® D a t a S e p t .1 5 ,1 9 2 0 . M. M. & F. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. L e n gth M a x i m um age. w. 1919 I S ex. 1900 C o l u m b i a n C l u b ......................................................... 1920 F o r g e S h o p R e l i e f (fo r g e O H ) ........................... 1913 F o u n d r y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ( f o u n d r y ) ____ 1911 G u n n ers a n d G en era l S torek eep ers R e lie f A s s o c ia t io n (g u n n e r s w o r k s h o p s u p p l y d i v is i o n ) . L ib e r t y R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n ( s h o p s U a n d 1919 M a s o n ic R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n (s h o p 1918 M o ld e r s R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................... M o m to r R e lie f o f th e N a v a l G u n F a c t o r y .. M u t u a l B e n e f it A s s o c i a t i o n (s h o p 1917 M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n o f S h o p . O r d n a n c e M u t u a l R e l i e f ..................................... 1891 P a in t e r s S ic k a n d A c c id e n t A s s o c i a t i o n ____ 1919 P r o g r e s s iv e U n io n R e l i e f 11.................................. S u p e r v is o r y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................... 1908 U n io n R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................... U n io n R e l i e f o f t h e S e c o n d a r y M o u n t S h o p (s h o p H ). U r e k a R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n 14.................................. W e s t G u n C a rria g e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n 1 1906 (s h o p B ) . ? ; C o lo r . 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Jou rn eym en of I. A . o fM . I 1 54 55 55 M a c h i n i s t s 10 55 50 55 M o l d e r s .............. M a c h i n i s t s ____ ......... d o .................. 50 6 6 P a i n t e r s ............ M a c h in is ts S u p e r v i s o r s 12 M a c h in is t s . . . . d o ............ .. 59 50 55 M a c h i n i s t s ____ ; 10 I n c l u d e s a p p r e n t ic e s r e c e iv in g $5.36 p e r d a y . « D a t a D e c . 1 4 ,1 9 1 9 . » M a ste r m e ch a n ics , W A b o u t 1909 o r 1910. *< L i m i t e d t o m e m b e r s o f t h e M a s o n ic o r d e r . 6 T a b l e 2 .— P R O V I S I O N S A S T O D U E S A N D B E N E F I T S , B E N E F I T S R E C E I V E D , A N D C O S T O F I N S U R A N C E , D U R I N G P A Y IN G S IC K B E N E F I T S O N L Y . $1.00 124 252 206 77 211 1.00 1.00 1.00 $1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 76 77 256 147 50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 9 1.00 150 9 2 .0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 9 3 .0 0 3.00 7 71 7 56 $10 410 I 12 412 10 10 10 10 10 (2) (*) 260 $3. 76 $8.24 90 90 90 60 90 50f 163 23 45 161 143 18 170 $31. 77 40. 00 55. 20 26. 47 4 1 .2 8 41.43 45.24 43.59 108 61 84 107 213 171 73 172 8 .9 5 9. 25 9 .3 7 8. 77 3 .0 5 2. 75 2 .6 3 3 .2 3 5. 40 9. 74 4 .0 0 6 .6 0 2 .2 6 890 37 29 33.64 32.2 2 7 .64 7 .53 4 .3 6 4 .4 7 40 24 223 124 44 7. 46 9. 60 8 .4 5 6 .6 5 3 0 .0 0 4. 54 2 .4 0 3 .5 5 5 .3 5 18 26.66 3 0 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 2 8 .7 0 9 0.0 0 184 3 2.2 8 93 10 8 .6 0 10 3 .4 0 90 5 90 66 6.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 1 12 w o r k in g d a y s . 2 N o t rep o rte d . 3 A c t u a l m e m b e r s h ip , a ll cla sses, 163. 4 I n Class A b e n e fit s a re p a i d fr o m t h e b e g in n in g o f sick n e ss; in C lasses B a n d C a fte r t h e first w e e k . A f t e r t h e e x p ir a t io n o f th e w a i t in g p e r io d in e a c h o f th e s e classes fr a c t io n a l p a r ts o f a w e e k a re p a i d fo r a t o n e -s ix t h t h e w e e k ly ra te p e r d a y . 5 T o b e e li g ib le t o C lass B i t is n e ce s sa ry t o h a v e b e e n a m e m b e r o f Class A o r C lass C for 1 y e a r . A n y m e m b e r m a y b e lo n g t o a n d r e c e iv e b e n e fit s in a ll th r e e classes. « 6 w o r k in g d a y s . 7 A c t u a l m e m b e r s h ip , b o t h cla sses, 75. s T o b e e lig ib le t o C lass B it is n e ce s sa ry t o h a v e b e e n a m e m b e r o f Class A 1 y e a r . A n y m e m b e r m a y b e lo n g t o a n d r e c e iv e b e n e fit s in b o t h classes. 9 A c c o r d in g t o cla s s. 10 p e r sh a re. ASSOCIATIONS, F r a n k lin R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ..................................................................... . 306 s 124 M e m b e r s n o t r e c e iv in g M e m b e r s r e c e iv in g s i c k b e n e fit s . s i c k b e n e fit s . M em M a x i b e r s h ip m um B e n e f it W a it i n g re C ost o f b e n e fit per A v er p e r io d q u ir e d P r o ra ta in s u r p e r io d fo r N u m A g g re w eek. (w e e k s ). age d i v id e n d an ce p er year Num b er. b e n e fit g a te am ount p e r 12p e r 12(w e e k s ). b er. (d a y s ) . w eek s. re m o n th s’ m on th s, ce iv e d m em ber. m em b er. BENEFIT B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g : B u r e a u M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................... C e n tu r y R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n : C lass A ........................................................................................................ C lass B ........................................................................................................ C lass C ......................................................................................................... E n g in e e r in g a n d M a c h in e D iv is io n R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ............. E q u it a b le R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................................. F id e li t y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ...................................................................... N u m b e r in g D iv is io n R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................... P la t e P r in te r s M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................ P r e s s m e n ’ s R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n o f t h e B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g : C lass A ........................................................................................................ C lass B ........................................................................................................ G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O ffic e : B u ild in g s R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................... C a stin g R o o m R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................................... C o lu m b ia B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c i a t i o n .......................................................... D o c u m e n t R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................. F o u n d r y R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ..................................................................... M em b e r s h ip I n it ia t io n D u e s p e r fee. N ov. m o n th . 30,1919. Y E A R , IN A S S O C IA T IO N S SICK 27054°— 21— Bull. 282--------- 3 A s s o c ia t io n . ONE T a b le ^.-PROVISIONS AS TO DUES AND BENEFITS, BENEFITS RECEIVED, AND COST OF INSURANCE, DURING ONE YEAR, IN ASSOCIATIONS PAYING SICK BENEFITS ONLY—Concluded. . 66 G r a p h ic A r t s M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .............................. 38 1 .0 0 L in o t y p e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................ 99 1.00 M e r g e n th a le r R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................... 101 1 .0 0 M o n o t y p e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ...................................................... M u t u a l B e n e fit A s s o c ia t io n ......................................................... M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................ N e w R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................................. 159 82 194 98 1.00 1 .00 1 .00 1 .0 0 . P la t e M a k e r s R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................... 31 1 .0 0 P r e s s m e n 's R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................... 136 1 .00 P r o o f R o o m R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................. 194 1.00 $1.00 / 12 1 .00 \ 13 2 .0 0 63 1 .0 0 91 135 1.00 1 .00 217 142 234 195 2 .00 F o r g e S h o p R e l i e f ........................................................................... 129 « 1.00 F o u n d r y R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n .......................................................... G u n n e rs a n d G e n e ra l S to re k e e p e rs R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ., L ib e r t y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................... . 161 129 94 1.00 2 .0 0 2 .0 0 2 .0 0 1.00 LOO / 1 i 4 i .o o 14 .5 0 $10 60 10 } 60 20 10 20 \ ........... 10 i 20 \ 60 30 J 1 I j 1 \ J ) \ J 1 6 303 $ 8 .5 0 1 6 3 7 40.0 0 63 io 11.25 1 6 7 13 37.14 31 (1 3 ) 1 6 10 53 5 3 .0 0 89 f 14 11.00 <14 2 2 .0 0 114 3 3 .0 0 1 .0 0 2 .0 0 3 .0 0 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) $ 3.5 0 io.75 (13) io 10 60 1 7 6 41 6 8.3 3 95 io 10.95 io 1 .05 10 10 10 10 60 60 60 30 01 1 6 6 6 6 22 16 16 10 80 25 67 22 3 6 .3 6 15.63 4 1 .8 8 2 2 .0 0 137 66 178 88 10 30 1 6 4 9 6 0 .0 0 27 4 .5 5 2.6 3 2 .7 0 1.44 .77 .7 7 .4 3 10 10 | 20 60 1 6 8 40 50.0 0 128 60 1 6 36 95 50.83 158 7 .4 5 9 .3 7 9 .3 0 10.56 (14 U . 23 ■|i4 11.23 (.14 u . 57 12.00 /i2 7.75 \12 15.50 f 1 48.75 \ 14 1 7 .5 0 I 14 26.2 5 6 .3 5 6 .4 8 1 10 10 60 61 6 9 22 54.44 54 10 10 60 90 61 61 6 6 15 ' 28 52 82 34.6 6 2 9 .2 9 76 107 24 21 24 12 12 6 12 90 60 60 60 0I 61 b1 61 8 X 8 8 68 29 47 14 18H 67? 111? 291 6 4 .0 0 5 6.0 0 7 2.1 9 25.5 7 149 113 187 181 6 35 93x25 3 1 .9 1 94 8 8 8 48 28 18 123£ 54| 40* 3 0 .9 6 13.61 5 3.4 4 113 101 76 1.00 1.00 157 2 .0 0 24 } 60 60 60 60 (5 1 6 1 6 1 5 .84 (13) / \ 12.00 ( 18) 14 4 .5 6 H 2 .2 8 3 .3 6 5 .5 0 (13 ) 4 .2 5 8 .5 0 3 .2 5 6 .5 0 9 .7 5 5 .6 5 4 .5 2 18.16 (13) 12.00 (m 7.44 3 .7 2 8 .64 6 .5 0 ( !3 ) EMPLOYEES, P r o v id e n t B e n e fit A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................... U n io n M u t u a l R e l i e f ............ .......................................................... W o m e n ’ s B i n d e r y M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................. N a v y yard: A t l a s R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................ B r o a d s id e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ...................................................... C o lu m b ia R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................... C o lu m b ia n C l u b ................................................................................. $1.00 1 .0 0 2 .0 0 f 12 1 .0 0 1 18 2 .0 0 1 U .0 0 i* 2 .0 0 14 3 .0 0 12 1 .0 0 12 2 .0 0 123 .OO 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 ( 1 *1.0 0 \ iU .0 0 I 14 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 / 12 1 .0 0 \ 12 2 .0 0 f 14 1 .0 0 1 142.00 I 143.00 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 GOVERNMENT H 400 G . P . O . R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................................... AMONG G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O ffice— C o n c lu d e d . G . P . O . M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................ ASSOCIATIONS M em b e r s h ip I n it i a t i o n D u e s p e r m on th . N ov. fe e . 30,1919. BELIEF Association. M e m b e r s r e c e iv in g M e m b e r s n o t re c e iv in g s i c k b e n e fit s . s i c k b e n e fit s . M em M a x i b e r s h ip m um C ost o f B e n e fit re W a it in g A ver b e n e fit P rora ta in s u r q u ir e d per p e r io d A ggre p e r io d age d i v id e n d a n ce Num Num fo r w eek. (w e e k s ). p e r 1 2g a te am ount p e r 12per year b er. b e n e fit b er. re m o n t h ’s m o n th ’s (w e e k s ). w eek s. (d a y s ) . ce iv e d . m em ber. m em ber. M 00 M a son ic R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ................................... M old ers R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ................................... M o n ito r R e l i e f o f t h e N a v a l G u n F a c t o r y . . M u tu a l B e n e fit A s s o c ia t io n .................................. M u tu a l R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n o f S h o p H ............. O rd n a n ce M u t u a l R e l i e f ....................................... P a in ters S ic k a n d A c c id e n t R e l i e f .................. P rog ressiv e U n io n R e l i e f ...................................... S u p e r v iso r y R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n .......................... U n io n R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ...................................... U n io n R e l ie f o f t h e S e c o n d a r y M o u n t S h o p U r e k a R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ........................................ W e s t G u n C a rria ge R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .......... 75 i............... 140 1.00 139 1.00 100 2.00 1.00 106 .50 370 1.00 41 195 1.00 228 267 100 551 1.00 1.00 .50 1.00 1.00 .50 1.00 LOO 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 111 12 12 6 12 12 6 15 12 24 12 12 12 12 60 60 365 60 60 60 30 90 60 60 01 61 61 1 61 6I 61 61 ei 61 1 61 i ! i 1 J ; i i | 1 60 | 60 8 8 8 6 (2) 1 30 6 10 8 8 8 6 8 8 5 21 1 14 11 103 9 38 25 56 (2) 76 23 12* 76| 2 39^ 44J 342# 33* 131| 76§ 170§ (2) 254 58i 9.24 7 .2 0 6. 18 6 .6 9 5 .1 5 4 .8 2 O N E Y E A R , O F A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y IN G S IC K B E N E F I T S $3.00 3.00 3 4.00 6.00 D u es. $ 3,533.00 1,475. 784. 1,067. 1,263 3,043. 2,502. 799. 2 ,405. 863.00 672.00 8.00 6.00 36.00 909.00 924.00 3 ,0 7 2 .5 8 1 ,2 0 0 .CO 1 ,9 4 4.0 0 In t e r e s t o n fu n d s . E x p e n d it u r e s . O th e r. T o t a l. $3,5 41 .40 $ 5.40 9 .0 5 4 .7 8 6 .4 4 $ 0.5 0 2 .7 2 5 .3 7 4 .1 0 .20 1,4 8 4 .5 5 788.98 1 ,0 7 3 .4 4 1 , 263.00 3 .0 4 3 .0 0 2 ,5 1 1 .8 2 838.37 2 .4 1 1 .0 0 2 .4 0 865.40 674.00 3 .3 5 920.35 930. 00 3 ,0 8 5 .7 0 1 ,2 5 2.7 4 1 ,9 7 5 .0 0 2.00 13.12 4 .6 4 3 1.00 12.10 A m ount a v a ila b le as d iv id e n d s . B e n e fits . O th e r. T o ta l. C1) C) $2,359.78 S I ,381.62 940.06 553.07 757.52 793.00 1 ,4 1 4.0 0 943.22 654.63 569.70 $508.32 200.00 276.00 $36.17 35.91 3 9.92 4 50.00 1 ,6 1 0.0 0 1 ,4 5 0 .0 0 180. 95 1,700- 00 1 9.00 118.60 2 .7 9 141.30 544.49 235.91 315. 92 470.00 1,629 00 1 ,5 6 8.6 0 183.74 1 ,8 4 1.3 0 60.25 720.25 819.15 64.75 40.00 260.00 6 5.00 232.00 464.75 280.00 1 ,2 50.00 725.00 772.00 455.60 650.00 1,8 3 5.7 0 527.74 1 ,2 0 3.0 0 370.00 | 290.00 400.00 240. 00 990 00 660.00 540.00 20.00 ASSOCIATIONS, I n it ia t io n ONLY. BENEFIT (1 3 )"‘ 2.76 16.80 5.82 5.31 6.85 7.18 2.78 7.02 3.00 4.64 5.88 6.00 (13) M e m b e r s h ip n o t l i m i t e d t o o n e c la s s, R e c e ip t s . 1 N o t rep orted . 9.22 4.98 3.00 7.36 6.12 SICK M A c c o r d in g t o cla s s. is $12 a t p r e s e n t . T a b le 3 .— T O T A L R E C E IP T S A N D D IS B U R S E M E N T S , D U R I N G B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g : B u r e a u M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................................................... C e n tu r y R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n : C lass A ........................................................................................................................... C las s B .............................................. ........................................................................ .. C la s s C ....................................................................................................................... E n g in e e r in g a n d M a c h in e D iv is io n R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .............................. E q u it a b le R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................................... . F id e li t y R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................................................... . N u m b e r i n g D iv is io n R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................ P la t e P r in t e r s M u tu a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................... P r e s s m e n ’ s R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n o f t h e B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r i n t in g : C lass A ........................................................................................................................... C lass B ........................................................................................................................... G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t in g O ffice : B u ild in g s R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ...................................................................................... C a s tin g R o o m R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................ C o lu m b ia B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................. D o c u m e n t R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................................................... F o u n d r y R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n ........................................................................................ 70 119 138 86 95 267 32 " 157 203 211 (2) 475 88 !2 A c c o r d in g t o cla s s . M e m b e r s h ip li m it e d t o o n e cla ss. 13 F ir s t y e a r o f o r g a n iz a t io n n o t c o m p le t e d . 2 N o t re p o rte d , e 6 w o r k in g d a y s, w P e r s h a re, u A p p ro x im a te . A s s o c ia t io n . 30.00 43.81 12.00 33.57 48.36 19.97 55.11 41.47 73.60 36.57 (2) 40.11 30.35 SO T a b l e 3 .— T O T A L R E C E IP T S A N D D IS B U R S E M E N T S , D U R IN G O N E Y E A R , OF A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y I N G SIC K B E N E F IT S O N L Y —Concluded. R e c e ip t s . 44.00 2.00 4 4.00 24.00 8.00 9 .0 0 39.00 9 .00 41.00 37.00 6.00 12.10 a 4 0 .5 4 49.2 1 9 .1 2 $159.00 $ 4 ,0 3 4 .0 0 4 ,3 1 9 .9 2 1 .2 5 5 .1 0 8 52 .00 3 .2 1 3 .4 3 2 .7 0 3 .9 1 1 .9 8 1 .4 3 893.00 2 ,2 2 9 .9 9 1 .1 9 4 .0 0 1 ,1 4 9 .3 3 1 ,9 2 0 .9 0 4 .0 0 6 .4 4 1 .5 5 7 .9 2 1 ,0 9 6 .1 2 1 .5 9 8 .5 4 $ 1 ,8 4 0 .0 0 4 .3 5 2 .0 0 1 .6 2 4 .0 0 3 ,3 9 3 .1 5 358 .00 1 .1 1 7 .0 0 1 .4 8 6 .0 0 381 .20 962 .00 150.00 920 .00 470.00 532.00 2 .0 5 7 .0 0 496.00 1 .5 7 6 .0 0 1 .8 4 0 .0 0 2 .0 4 8 .0 0 3 .0 4 8 .0 0 6 98.00 C 1) 19.31 7 .8 4 3 .3 3 2 22 .40 1 9.80 15.92 2 .4 8 1 2.1 6 2 6.64 1 .6 4 1 .3 8 4 .1 0 1,191. 2,186. 577. 2,311. 5,240. 3.200. 2 0.49 5 .3 5 2 .1 0 3 .0 0 1 .0 0 5 ,9 9 2 .5 8 1 .2 9 5 .0 0 1 ,6 2 7 .2 9 1 ,9 3 3.2 1 8 62.00 1 .8 2 2 .0 0 706.00 1 .6 9 2 .0 0 4 76.25 1 .2 0 8 .0 0 1,204. 20 2 .2 2 5 .0 0 5 86.00 2 .3 5 7 .0 0 5 .2 4 0 .0 0 3 ,2 6 8 .0 d 5,851. 1,356. 5 .4 4 1 2.54 5 .8 5 6 .4 4 1 .3 7 4 .5 4 5,304. 2,722. 5,992. 1,295. 1,532. 1,884. 2 79.00 .5 8 9 3 .2 9 5.21 1,822. 706. 1,657. 264. 127.25 1,200. 1.200. 4. 20 5 .0 0 1.200.00 m 120.00 2 60.00 530.00 4 10.00 8 00 .00 2 50 .00 6 70.00 220.00 240.00 4 00 .00 1 .8 3 0 .0 0 4 90 .00 520.00 8 20.00 12.00 0) $102.00 0) $ 1,9 42 .00 1 ,7 4 3.7 5 160.50 277.46 655. 40 4 67 .4S 899.80 309. 85 787.22 285. 88 2 92.55 4 85.00 1 ,9 5 9.7 2 585.82 611.00 899.35 $ 2,0 92 .00 2 ,5 7 6.1 7 1 ,0 9 4.6 0 574.54 2 ,5 5 8.0 3 2 ,2 3 6 .4 3 1 ,0 8 1.6 3 5 83.15 1 ,4 4 2.7 7 9 08.12 856.78 1 ,4 3 5.9 0 2 ,0 4 6 .7 2 972 .10 485.12 6 99.19 9 04.10 1 ,2 6 8.4 5 2 ,4 5 5 .9 3 911.00 466.81 132.91 449. 80 807.62 493.03 747.45 322.50 641.24 612.20 130.70 4 .4 4 8 .0 0 1 ,7 3 2.5 5 3 ,5 3 6 .6 5 384.00 1,1 6 0.4 8 1,5 0 0.3 0 412.20 1 ,0 1 4.3 8 212.97 944.55 153.75 566.76 592.00 2 ,2 6 6 .4 0 496.00 1 .6 4 2.0 0 1 .9 5 0.0 0 2 ,1 7 8 .7 0 715.00 3 ,2 9 0 .0 0 1 ,0 8 9.3 9 4 3.75 3 ,1 5 0 .2 0 741.75 2 ,7 0 6 .2 4 632.79 4 0.50 17.46 125.40 57.48 99.80 59.85 117.22 65.88 5 2.55 8 5.00 1 29.72 9 5.8 2 9 1.0 0 7 9.35 9 6/0 0 108.55 143.50 26.00 43.48 14.30 31.00 5 2.38 62.97 2 4.55 141. 75 96.76 6 0.00 209.40 66.00 110.00 0) 102.20 0) C 1) C 1) EMPLOYEES, 3 5.00 85.00 $ 15.00 T o t a l. GOVERNMENT 3 .0 0 5 .0 0 1 ,2^ 4.00 809.00 3 .1 6 8 .0 0 2 ,6 4 5 .7 0 1.9 2 5.0 0 879.00 2 ,2 0 4 .1 5 1 .1 8 0.0 0 1 .1 4 6.0 0 1 ,6 9 0.5 0 3 .9 2 5 .0 0 1 .5 3 0.0 0 1 .0 8 9.0 0 1 .5 8 0 .0 0 O th e r. AMONG 11.00 8.00 35.00 12.00 $ 3,8 42 .00 T o ta l. ASSOCIATIONS $18.00 15.00 9 .0 0 43.00 3 .00 9 .0 0 18.00 14.00 18.00 B e n e f it s . O th er. A m ount a v a ila b le as d iv id e n d s . RELIEF G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t in g O ffice — C o n c lu d e d . F r a n k l in R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n ........................................................... G . P . O . M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .......................................... G . P . 0 . R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .......................................................... G r a p h ic A r t s M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................. . L i n o t y p e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................ M e r g e n th a le r R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................ M o n o t y p e R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ....................................................... M u t u a l B e n e fit A s s o c ia t io n ......................................................... M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................. N e w R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................................. . P la t e M a k e r s R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .............................................. . P r e s s m e n 's R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n .................................................... . P r o o f R o o m R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................. . P r o v id e n t B e n e fit A s s o c ia t io n ................................................... U n io n M u t u a l R e l ie f....................................................................... W o m e n 's B i n d e r y M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................. . N a v y yard: A t la s R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................ . B r o a d s id e R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ............................................*-------C o lu m b ia R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................... . C o lu m b ia n C l u b .................................................................................. F o r g e .S h o p R e l i e f ............................................................................. . F o u n d r y R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n ......................................................... . G u n n e rs a n d G en era l S to re k e e p e rs R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n .. L ib e r t y R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................. M a s o n ic R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ............................................................ M o ld e r s ’ R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................... M o n it o r R e l i e f o f t h e N a v a l G u n F a c t o r y ............................ M u t u a l B e n e fit A s s o c ia t io n ......................................................... M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n o f S h o p H ..................................... O r d n a n c e M u t u a l R e l i e f ................................................................ P a in te rs S ic k a n d A c c id e n t A s s o c i a t i o n ............................... P ro g re s s iv e U n io n R e l i e f .......................................................... % .. S u p e r v is o r y R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n .................................................... U n io n R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ................................................................ U n io n R e l ie f o f th e S e c o n d a r y M o u n t S h o p ........................ U r e k a R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ................................................................. W e s t G u n Carriage R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................... D u e s. In te re st o n fu n d s . o E x p e n d it u r e s . A s s o c ia t io n . I n it ia t io n to DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 21 DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. The death benefit associations among Government employees of Washington, D. C., are 14 in number, and had, according to the latest yearly statements which were available when the survey was made and which vary somewhat as to time (see Table 4), a total membership of 8,664 men and women. For the years quoted they had paid 189 death benefits, amounting to $42,795, an average of $226.43 per case, and of about 22 deaths per 1,000 members. Unlike the associations paying sick benefits, the death benefit associations are not grouped in a Few departments, but are more scat tered in extent, existing m the various departments or offices as fol lows: Two each in the Departments of Commerce and the Interior; 2 in the Government Printing Office; 2 in the Treasury, and 6 dis tributed throughout the other branches of the service. They are not as old a form of relief organization as the societies paying sick benefits, the first one having been organized by the personnel of the Smithsonian Institution and others in 1885, two years after the formation of the first sick benefit association. ORGANIZATION. In the matter of formal organization these societies are simi lar to the sick benefit associations. The officers’ salaries and bonds run a little higher than those in the sick relief societies, though there are 2 associations which do not bond their officers, 2 in which no salary is paid, and 1 in which the present secretary does not draw his salary. The amount of time given outright to the work of vir tually all these relief associations is remarkable and doubtless is an important factor in the success of many of them. MEMBERSHIP. L IM IT A T IO N S U P O N M E M B E R S H IP . Limitations upon membership in the associations paying only death benefits are neither as numerous nor as detailed as m those pay ing sick benefits. Only 4, the Bureau Protective Association (Bureau of Engraving and Printing), Census Bureau Beneficial Association, Pension Bureau Beneficial Association, and United States Immigra tion Service Beneficial Association, limit membership to the particular art of a department specified. The United States Department of ommerce Immediate Relief Association excludes employees of the Census Bureau from membership because that Bureau nas a flourish ing organization of its own. The Library of Congress Beneficiary Association includes employees in the branch printing department of the Library of Congress. Otherwise membership in these associations is open to employees of the whole department in which they exist. None of them, except the Bureau Protective Association, which admits only white persons, makes a distinction as to color. All admit both sexes. Four require a six months’ status in the department. Twelve of the 14 fix maximum age limits as follows: Five at 50 years of age, 3 at 45, 2 at 60, 1 at 55, and 1 at 65. 8 22 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. Q U A L IF IC A T IO N S F O R M E M B E R S H I P . The selection of members is carefully made. An applicant for membership in a death benefit association must, of course, certify upon honor that physically he is a good risk, as defined by the con stitution of the association, only one of the organizations, the United States Immigration Service Beneficial Association, requiring a medical certificate. All applications are signed by some member or members of the association and approved by the directors or by a committee appointed for that purpose. One association takes ^the additional precaution of requiring all applications to be approved by the chief clerk or other administrative officer of the department. What constitutes a risk in the moral sense is also considered, one association refusing recently to admit one man known to be an atheist and another who in a fit of rage had shot at his wife. F O R F E IT U R E OF M E M B E R S H IP . Membership in the death benefit associations is forfeited for about the same reasons as prevail in this respect in the organizations paying sick benefits. It is understood, in fact, application blanks usually state explicitly, that fraudulent statements regarding physical condition work such forfeiture.. Failure to pay dues and assessments within a reasonable time, which in a majority of the organizations is limited to 30 days, and which in others ordinarily ranges from 3 to 21 days, has the same result. One death benefit association, however, and apparently a very successful one, both in point of members and in the matter of finances, allows 60 days for such payment. In 12 of these associations membership may be retained indefinitely without reference to change of residence upon the prompt payment of dues and assessments. The two organizations in the Government Printing Office, following the general practice of the relief societies paying sick benefits, make employment in the Government Printing Office a requisite of membership. Reinstatement may be had in eight of the associations by a payment of arrearages, whether dues or assessments. In one case the amount so paid is limited to $3; in another 20 per cent additional, but not to exceed $2 is added, apparently in the nature of a fine. Five of the organizations readmit members simply as new members, with or without the initiation fee, in case one is required, and one of these provides also for a fine of 25 cents in such cases. One association makes a distinction between members who are dropped and members who resign, those who have been dropped being reinstated upon the payment of back assessments, while those who have resigned must return as new members. Generally speaking, the membership of the relief societies paying death benefits is larger and more scattered than that of those paying sick benefits, and the benefits paid are naturally greater. SOURCES OF INCOME. From a consideration of the contents of Table 4 it appears that initiation fees and either dues or assessments, in one case both, constitute the immediate sources of income of the death benefit associations. While the fees range in amount from 25 cents to $2.25, a majority of the death benefit societies charge an initiation fee of DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 23 $1. One association regards the first assessment as an entrance fee, and one grades the initiation fee from 50 cents to $2.25, according to the age of the applicant. It is in the matter of dues and assessments, however, that numerous differences and limitations manifest themselves. Four of the death benefit associations require monthly dues and pay their benefits from this source. One society bases its dues.upon age, increasing them from 25 cents to $1.50 per month, as the age of members in creases, those 45 years of age and under paying 25 cents per month. One makes a nominal charge of 50 cents per year and depends upon its assessments to meet the greater part of its payments. Of the 10 organizations in which benefits are paid from assess ments, 4 assess for each death, 1 association limiting the number of assessments to 4 per year and 1 to 8 per year. Two of the associa tions levy an assessment only after every 4 deaths; 2 upon call, the ~ necessity in both cases depending upon the condition oi the reserve fund, while in 1 the number of assessments is also limited to 7 per year. One society makes a quarterly assessment and still another limits its assessments to one a month. The amount of the individual assessments varies from 25 cents to $1.25, two of the asso ciations grading the sum paid according to the age of their members. In addition to yearly receipts from fees, dues, and assessments, several of the associations have additional income from their invest ments, as indicated in the discussion of surplus funds, the amounts varying naturally with the amount and nature of the investment. DEATH BENEFITS. As the sick benefit associations were originally organized to give prompt relief in case of sickness, so the death benefit associa tions exist to extend immediate financial assistance in the case of the death of a member. The amounts paid vary in the case of members (see Table 4) from $75 to $500, according to the associa tion and the method of payment. All but two of these relief organi zations pay stated amounts ranging from $75 to $300. In the two exceptions the amount of the benefit depends upon the number of members, an assessment of 50 cents per member for every death being levied in one case, and of $1 in the other. The members of one association are divided into classes according to length of mem bership and the amount of benefit paid varies from $75 to $250 accordingly. One organization extends its benefits to the husband or wife of a married member and to the dependent father or mother of an unmarried member, provided they are carried on the rolls as risks, and in the case of death of such persons pays to the related members the sum of $50 in each case. T IM E OF PAYM ENT. The benefit paid by these associations is an immediate benefit, that is, in the case of members residing in the District, it is always paid in from 24 to 48 hours after death, and as the treasurers of the associations are authorized to pay a death benefit, either with or without the indoi'sement of some other officer, upon proper notification of death, in most cases the payment is made within a few hours. 24 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. The promptness with which benefits are paid is a strong feature of the death benefit associations. Financial assistance in case of the death of the main support of a family, in many instances relieves absolute need; and even families which by reason of thrifty habits or larger pay envelopes have put by a portion of their earnings may not always have available a sum sufficient to meet an emergency of this kind, especially in times like the present when the high cost of dying is as true as the high cost of living. Only 2 of these organizations require a period of membership before benefits arepayable, 1 fixing the time at one month, the other at six months. The constitution of one association provides that no benefit shall be paid for the death of a member from suicide within one year of admission to membership. B E N E F IC IA R IE S . The benefit is paid to the person named in the application blank; or if none is named, to the legal representative of the deceased member. Some organizations allow the insured persons to name an alternate who shall receive the death benefit in case of the death of the first beneficiary named. The constitution of the Smithsonian Relief provides moreover that upon the .death of the wife or husband of a married member or the father or mother of an unmarried member, the sum of $50 shall be paid to such member, if such per sons have previously been accepted by the board of directors as risks. P R E V E N T IO N OF FRAU D. Fraud in claims for death benefits is quite thoroughly guarded against in various ways. Notification must be made promptly to the officials of the associations, some of the organizations requiring notice of death through departmental channels. The treasurer of the relief association usually takes the money to the family, verifies the death, secures a receipt in full of the beneficiary, and at the same time represents to the member’s family the interest which the association as a whole takes in their bereavement. While the feeling of helpfulness and sympathy is probably not as marked in large organizations having a scattered membership, as in the smaller more cohesive sick relief organizations, it does nevertheless exist and is felt. One of the death benefit associations goes a step beyond the actual purpose for which it was founded and has a sick committee “ whose duty it shall be to visit those who are sick or in trouble when such fact is reported to them; to assist their families where such assistance is required, in the many ways that may suggest themselves and in every way to show a kindly feeling of sympathy and good will.” Deaths oi members residing away from Wash ington, D. C., may be verified by sworn statements from attending physicians, by board of health reports and in other reliable ways. SURPLUS FUNDS. No such noticeable unanimity of method of disposal of surplus funds as prevails in the sick benefit associations exists in the organizations in which death benefits are paid. Four of the asso ciations show investment of such funds in war savings stamps, Liberty bonds, and various local industrial bonds; two have sav DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 25 ings accounts; two, following the method employed in the sick benefit associations, make a pro rata division of their surplus at the end of the year. One of tnese had not completed the first year of its organization when the data' were gathered and consequently no dividend is shown. The other, which has been in operation only two years, declared for 1918-19 a dividend of $10.30 to each 12 months' member, the others receiving their proportionate shares. A disadvantage of such a disposition of surplus funds might be the smallness of the balance remaining in the treasury at the beginning of the year. In perfecting the organization of this association, however, statistics of the Typographical Union were used as a basis for death rate. These statistics showed an average death rate of 15 per thousand. From this calculation those organizing the relief association concluded that barring the first two months the amount of dues and fees would always provide a surplus in the treasury, and thus far this has been the case. Two of the death benefit associations carry only check accounts; two maintaining both a general and a benefit fund, make up defi ciencies in the benefit fund from surpluses in the general fund; in one the funds of the association are kept in cash and paid out by the treasurer on order of the vice president, attested by the secre tary. This association always keeps on hand sufficient money to pay three assessments, and attention should be called to the fact that in addition to any efforts to increase their funds through invest ments of various kinds, seven of these associations keep reserve funds of from one to three assessments always available. The value of reserve funds has been doubly manifest during the last few years and there is a tendency to provide for them where they do not already exist. Two of the associations having the largest investments have no stated reserve fund, being able at all times to meet emergencies from the amounts on hand. RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. Table 5 summarizes the receipts and disbursements of the death benefit associations as shown by their latest available data in the fall of 1920, according to which the total receipts of the 14 organizations from various sources, for the periods quoted were $66,821.98. During the same period they disbursed in death benefits $42,795, and for miscellaneous expenses, such as printing, postage, salaries, etc., $9,019.71, or a total of $51,814.71. Tables 4 and 5, which follow, relate to the 14 associations paying death benefits only. T a b le 4 .— P R O V IS IO N S A S T O D U E S A N D A SSE SSM E N TS, A N D D E A T H B E N E F IT S B E N E F IT S O N L Y . P A ID , D U R IN G ONE YE A R , BY A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y IN G DEATH A s s o cia tio n . 1902 1919 D e c . 31,1919 ..........d o ...................... ..........d o ...................... 1,091 $ 1.00 869 386 1.00 1.00 D ues A ssess per m en t. m on th . T ota l for year. C a ses. A m ount per ca se. i $ 1.00 11 $250 $2,750 2 .5 0 14 3 .5 0 2 250 (*) 3,500 359 454 1.00 5,600 200 28 (5) P e n s io n B u r e a u B e n e fic ia( l6)A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................ 4,375 M a r. 31,1920 1904 J u n e 3 0,1920......... 517 2.00 1920 1918 1898 1900 1891 1885 S e p t . 7 ,1920 D e c . 1 ,1 9 1 9 ........... N o v . 1 0 ,1 9 1 9 .... M a y , 1920.............. M a y 5 ,1 9 20 . O c t . 31,1919 425 850 371 331 734 235 .25 .25 (9) 1915 1892 M a r. 3 1 ,1 9 2 0 ____ ......... d o ....................... 816 1,240 7 1.00 1 $ 1.00 1.00 1.00 ii .5 0 1.00 .2 5 1.00 1.00 ^ .25 9 1° .5 0 7 .5 0 ( 12) 4 3 6 14 6 8 i 7 1.00 48 ( 8) 250 250 200 4 ,686 250 1,000 150 300 13 100 600 900 4 ,2 0 0 14 500 (16) 250 12,000 2,075 EMPLOYEES, 1 F o r e v e r y 4 d e a th s . 2 F o r e a c h d e a t h . L im i t e d t o 8 in o n e y e a r w h ile b a la n c e re m a in s a t $500. 3 F o r e a c h d e a t h . L im i t e d t o 4 in o n e y e a r . 4 50 c e n ts p e r m e m b e r . 5 F o r e v e r y 4 d e a th s u n d e r 35 y e a r s , 50 c e n ts ; 35 a n d u n d e r 45 y e a r s, 75 ce n ts ; 45 y ears a n d o v e r , $ 1 . 6 U p o n c a ll. R e s e r v e fu n d k e p t a t $200. 7 F o r e a ch d e a th . 8 $1 p e r m e m b e r . 9 U n d e r 25 y e a r s , 50 c e n ts ; 25 a n d u n d e r 30 y e a r s , $ 1 ; 30 a n d u n d e r 35 y e a r s, $1.50; 35 y e a r s a n d o v e r , $2.25. 10 Q u a r te r ly . 11 Y e a r l y . 12 U n d e r 25 y e a r s , 25 c e n ts ; 25 a n d u n d e r 35 y e a r s , 50 c e n ts ; 35 a n d u n d e r 45 y e a r s, 75 c e n ts ; 45 a n d u n d e r 55 y e a r s , $ 1 ; 55 y e a r s a n d o v e r , $1.25. N o t o ft e n e r t h a n o n c e a m o n t h 13 F o r m e m b e r s . $50 fo r t h e h u s b a n d o r w if e o f a m a r r ie d m e m b e r , or for th e fa th e r or m o t h e r o f a n u n m a r r ie d m e m b e r p r o v id e d t h e y a re e n r o lle d as risk s . 14 P a i d fo r 4 m e m b e r s a n d 2 o th e r ris k s . (S e e fo o t n o t e 1 3.) 15 25 c e n ts t o $1.50 a c c o r d in g t o a ge. 45 y e a r s a n d u n d e r , 25 ce n ts . 16 $75 fo r m e m b e r s h ip less th a n 1 y e a r ; $ 15 0,1 y e a r t o 2 y e a r s; $250 o v e r 2 y e a r s. 17 U p o n c a ll. L im i t e d t o 7 in 1 y e a r . M u s t h a v e $500 in tre a su r y GOVERNMENT 1895 AMONG D ep a rtm en t o f L ab or: U - S . I m m ig r a t io n S e r v ic e B e n e fic ia l A s s o c i a t i o n ..................................................................................... G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O ffice : G . P . O . B i n d e r y I m m e d ia t e R e l ie f S o c i e t y .................................................................................................. J o b R o o m I m m e d ia t e R e l ie f S o c i e t y ................................................................................................................... I n t e r s t a t e C o m m e r c e C o m m is s io n R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................................................................... L ib r a r y o f C on g ress B e n e fic ia r y A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................................................................... P o s t O ffice D e p a r t m e n t I m m e d ia t e B e n e fit A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................................. S m it h s o n ia n [I n s t it u t io n ] R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ...................................................................................................... T rea su ry: B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g P r o t e c t iv e A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................... U . S . T r e a s u r y D e p a r t m e n t B e n e fic ia l A s s o c ia t io n .................................................................................. 1906 I n it i a t io n fee. ASSOCIATIONS D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r ic u lt u r e I m m e d ia t e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................................... D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e rc e : C en su s B u r e a u B e n e fic ia l A s s o c ia t io n ................................................................................................................ U . S. D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e I m m e d ia t e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................................... D e p a r t m e n t o f th e I n te r io r : D e p a r t m e n t o f I n te r io r B e n e fic ia l A s s o c i a t i o n .............................................................................................. D a t a fo r y e a r e n d in g — M em b er s h ip . Oi RELIEF D e a t h b e n e fit s . Y ear or gan iz e d . to T a b l e 5 . — R E C E IP T S A N D D IS B U R SE M E N T S, FO R O N E Y E A R , O F A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y I N G D E A T H B E N E F IT S O N L Y . E x p e n d it u r e s . R e c e ip t s . A s s o c ia t io n . On hand a t b e g in n in g o f year. (3) 1. m en ts. In ter est o n fu n d s . O th er. T o t a l. D ea th b e n e fit s . M is c e lla n eou s. B a la n c e on hand at end of year. T o ta l. $245.00 $ 4 ,9 2 9 .0 0 $ 5 ,9 6 9 .5 0 $ 2 ,7 5 0 .0 0 $200.00 $ 8 ,0 1 9 .5 0 $ 5 ,9 6 9 .5 0 115.00 3 ,4 4 9 .5 0 $ 47 .37 5 ,2 0 4 .1 8 3 .5 0 0 .0 0 3 3 0 .0 0 1 ,3 7 4 .1 8 5 ,2 0 4 .1 8 412.00 6 6 4 .0 0 1.48 1 ,0 7 7 .4 8 3 5 9 .0 0 119.42 5 9 9 .0 6 1 ,0 7 7 .4 8 4 3.00 2.25 5 .8 1 0 .0 0 4 .3 2 2 .0 0 3.42 6 ,1 5 5 .3 5 4 ,8 3 2 .7 3 5 .6 0 0 .0 0 4 .3 7 5 .0 0 3 3 1 .4 6 138.10 2 2 3 .8 9 3 19 .63 6 ,1 5 5 .3 5 4 ,8 3 2 .7 3 15.00 4 ,8 8 5 .9 5 2 1 .2 5 $ 2 ,3 7 7 .5 0 6 ,6 3 6 .5 0 1 .1 5 9 .5 0 7 979 .00 6 .1 0 8 .5 0 22.00 23.00 121.00 7 07.00 2 ,5 0 2 .7 5 1 2,4 1 4 .0 0 5 ,3 1 3 .4 0 4 .6 8 6 .0 0 355 .11 2 272 .29 5 ,3 1 3 .4 0 25 0 .0 0 1 5 .0 0 6 .4 2 2 ,4 4 7 .5 0 6 ,7 9 8 .2 3 2 .6 4 2 .8 3 1 ,3 7 2 .7 9 7 .5 9 3 .8 3 1 ,0 2 4 .6 9 6 0 0 .0 0 9 0 0 .0 0 4 .2 0 0 .0 0 500.00 6 0 .7 0 4 5 ,7 7 0 .8 5 106 .81 152.25 421 .75 2 5 .0 0 2 ,1 3 6 .8 0 2 7 .3 8 6 1 ,9 3 6 .0 2 3 20 .54 8 2 ,9 7 2 .0 8 • 499 .69 2 ,4 4 7 .5 0 6 ,7 9 8 .2 3 6 2 ,6 4 2 .8 3 1 ,3 7 2 .7 9 8 7 ,5 9 3 .8 3 1 ,0 2 4 .6 9 4 0 .0 0 2 2 .3 0 3 ,2 7 4 .4 7 1 3 ,1 15 .00 12,000.00 208 .68 799.58 io 990 .79 3 1 5 .4 2 3 ,2 7 4 .4 7 1 3 ,1 1 5 .0 0 2 5 .3 5 1 81 .39 $13 .21 5 2.7 5 .1 3 1,000.00 2 .0 7 5 .0 0 1 O r g a n is e d A p r i l , 1919. 3 N o t in c l u d i n g $500 i n L ib e r t y b o n d s . 3 O r g a n iz e d M a r c h , 1920. ASSOCIATIONS* 70.0 0 82.50 5 1 5 8.7 5 5 .0 3 BENEFIT 0) D u es. DEATH D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r e I m m e d i a t e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................................................................................... $799. D e p a rtm e n t o fC a m m e rc e : C e n s u s B u r e a u B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n .............................. 1,592. U . S. D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e I m m e d i a t e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................ D e p a r tm e n t o f th e I n t e r io r : D e p a r t m e n t o f I n t e r i o r B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n . . . 298. P e n s i o n B u r e a u B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n ..................... 503. D ep a rtm en t o f L a b or: U . S . I m m i g r a t i o n S e r v i c e B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n . . . 2 377. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O ffic e : G . P . O . B i n d e r y I m m e d i a t e R e l i e f S o c i e t y ......... J o b R o o m I m m e d i a t e R e l i e f S o c i e t y ........................ 1,143. I n t e r s t a t e C o m m e r c e C o m m is s io n R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n . 371. L i b r a r y o f C o n g re s s B e n e f ic i a r y A s s o c i a t i o n ............ P o s t O ffic e D e p a r t m e n t I m m e d i a t e B e n e f it A s s o c i a t i o n . 1,470. 9 288. S m it h s o n ia n [I n s t i t u t io n ] R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................. T rea su ry: 610. B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g P r o t e c t i v e A s s o c i a t i o n ......... 678. U . S. T r e a s u r y D e p a r t m e n t B e n e f ic i a l A s s o c i a t i o n .. I n it ia t io n fees. * I n c l u d i n g $5,699.35 y e a r ly d i v id e n d s . » I n c l u d e s $22 fo r r e i n s t a t e m e n t s . 6 I n c l u d i n g $955.96, L ib e r t y b o n d s b o u g h t d u r in g y e a r . I n a d d i t i o n t h is a s s o c ia t io n o w n s o t h e r s e c u r i t ie s c o s t in g $2,775.25. 7 In clu d e s d u es. 8 I n c l u d i n g $1,5 15 i n s a v in g s a c c o u n t . 9 N o t in c l u d i n g $1,000 i n L ib e r t y b o n d s . 10 N o t in c l u d i n g $3,165.57 i n L ib e r t y b o n d s a n d o t h e r s e c u r it ie s . *9 -3 28 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. SICK AND DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. The third group of relief associations existing among Government employees in the District of Columbia consists of 16 organizations, which, organized generally on the plan of the sick relief associations, combine the benefit features of the two groups already discussed, paying both a sick and a death benefit, and which for the periods shown had a total membership of 6,726 persons and paid total sick and death benefits amounting to $42,739.43. MEMBERSHIP. L IM IT A T IO N S U P O N M E M B E R S H IP . Membership in this group of associations (see Table 6), like that of the associations paying only a sick benefit, is centered in a few depart ments, viz, Bureau o f Engraving and Printing, city post office, and navy yard, the exception to this rule being the membership of the Government Employees’ Mutual Relief Association, which is inter departmental in character. Limitations as to color, sex, maximum age, occupation, and length of service are again apparent in thds group of benefit societies. Three of the associations admit only colored persons; 3, white and colored. In 1 the limitation as to color is left optional with the board of direc tors, while in 9 of the associations membership is confined to the white race. The largest association with benefit features, in which membership is confined to women, and the largest association admit ting only men are found in this group, with membership lists in the latter part of 1919 of 2,185 and 1,383, respectively. The first men tioned, Federal Employees Union No. 105, whose membership is confined to the women of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, is obviously not a relief association in the sense in which the other associations are, its activities also covering the various phases of working conditions of the women in the Bureau. Membership in the Mutual Relief Association in the navy yard is open to any man in the uyard’ 7receiving a minimum rate of mechan ics’ pay. Three of the associations admit both men and women and 12 only men. Maximum age limits are neither as high nor as low as those in the associations paying only a sick benefit, but the average age is about the same. Six of the associations have a limitation as to occupation and 7 require six months’ service in the department or office for membership. Besides these general limitations there are several peculiar to a few associations. For instance, 2 of the associations are branches of national union organizations of Government employees, maintaining sick and death benefit funds for their members; 2, while not allied in any way as to management with the national union of their trade, admit only members of the machinists’ union; 1 admits only mem bers of the Masonic order. Five limit their membership to the men of certain shops, and 1 fixes its limit at 100 men. The division of mem bership into classes existing in the sick benefit societies does not appear in this group. Q U A L IF IC A T IO N S F O R M E M B E R S H I P . Physical qualications are not more stringent than in the other associations paying sick and death benefits, only 2 of these benefit HICK AND DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 29 societies requiring a medical certificate upon entrance and 1, tlie Federal Employees Union No. 105, accepting the Bureau’s physical entrance requirements. F O R F E IT U R E O F M E M B E R S H I P . Practically the same causes of forfeiture of membership and the same variations as to retention of membership and reinstatement exist in these societies as have been noted in the first group discussed, with a few exceptions. Two associations provide that persons leav ing the service and at the same time movmg from the city may not continue as members of the sick benefit fund but may retain mem bership in the death benefit fund upon payment of dues. If resi dence is kept in the District of Columbia the entire membership may be retained. One association makes this distinction in the case of retired clerks, allowing them to keep up their dues or assessments for the death benefit, but not the sick benefit. SOURCES OF INCOME. The funds of these societies, like those of the associations paying only a death benefit, are derived from three sources— namely, initia tion fees, monthly dues, and assessments. Monthly dues, which are charged in all the organizations paying sick and death benefits, range from 25 cents to $2 per month, 12 of the associations charging $1. Initiation fees are collected in 12 and assessments in 14 of the socie ties of this group and range in amount from 50 cents to $2 in one case, and from 25 cents to $2 in the other. Four of the associations use the income from monthly dues for both classes of benefits. ADMINISTRATION OF FUNDS. The sick and death benefit funds of this group of associations are in each case administered together, which in 10 of the societies is not a difficult matter since the death benefit fund is a fixed amount per member, the entire amount being given to the beneficiary named. The mere operation of the general funds is like that in the other associations. RESERVE AN D SU RPLU S FU N DS. Seven of these sick and death benefit societies maintain reserve funds of different amounts made up in various ways. In 3 of the socie ties reporting the reserve fund is fixed at $300, in 1 society, at $5,000. Two of the associations devote their initiation fees to this purpose and 1 association keeps a reserve fund of $1 per member. One society has determined upon a reserve fund since 1919. Pro rata dividends are declared from thfe surplus funds of 13 of the organizations in this group, and 1, the Government Employees' Mutual Relief Association, provides for such a division of its surplus after the regular disburse ments, which are heavy, are paid, and while the $5,000 reserve fund is intact. Of the other 2 societies under consideration, 1 carries its surplus on interest from year to year and the other at the time for which the report was made had its surplus funds invested in Liberty bonds and War Savings Stamps. 30 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. SICK BENEFITS. A comparison of the data set forth in Table 7 with that shown in Table 2 reveals such a similarity in the matter of fees, dues, and other requirements for sick benefits, that no special analysis of detail is necessary, the amount of monthly dues and the maximum benefit period per year being slightly less in one instance each. The amount of weekly benefits maintains practically the same relation in both groups to the sums charged for fees and dues, with the exception of one association which, as stated before, is not purely a sick and death benefit organization but uses its surplus funds to improve the work ing conditions of its members in various ways. The average amount of sick benefit per member receiving sick benefits for the periods shown was $39.33. ANNUAL DIVIDENDS. Of the 12 sick and death benefit associations in which yearly divi dends were paid 6 were able to return 50 per cent or more of the amount invested in insurance. While this showing is not quite equal to that made by the organizations paying only sick benefits, it still bears out the conclusion that money expended for protection in sick benefit societies yields very fair returns upon small investments. DEATH BENEFITS. In the group of associations paying both a sick and a death bene fit the periods of membership required by the 14 societies reporting (see Table 8) before a death benefit is paid closely adhere to those demanded for a sick benefit, and vary from 30 to 365 days. In this respect they differ from the organizations paying merely the death benefit, as only 2 of the associations in that group make the paying of the death benefit dependent upon length ot membership. The maximum amounts assessed in case of death are higher and the minimum amounts lower than similar assessments levied by the death* benefit associations (see Table 4), $1, however, constituting the as sessment in a majority of the societies. Only 6 of the associations in this group stipulate the amount to be paid as a death benefit, the other 10 assessing a fixed amount per member in case of death, thus making the total amount of benefit dependent upon membership. In this respect also they differ from the death benefit societies. B E N E F IC IA R IE S . In this group of associations, also, the death benefit is paid to the beneficiary named in the application blank; or if none is named, to the legal representative of the deceased member. Almost no restrictions are provided regarding whom a member may name as his beneficiary, only one association requiring that a married man must name his wife, a married woman her husband, and any other person his nearest relation, or friend if there is no relative. In three of these benefit societies, viz, the Washington City Post Office Mutual Relief Association, Letter Carriers’ Relief Association, Post Office Relief Association No. 2, all of the city post office, the death benefit extends to the beneficiary. In case of the death of a beneficiary each of the associations named in the city post office SICK AND DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 31 levies an assessment of 50 cents per member, which amount is given to the member losing his beneficiary. RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. According to statistics shown in Table 9 the total receipts of the associations paying both sick and death benefits, from fees, dues, assessments, interest on funds and miscellaneous sources, were for the periods shown, $79,248.46; the total amount expended in sick benefits, $32,286.65; in death benefits, $10,452.78. Miscellane ous expenditures of 14 societies reporting this item amounted to $6,148.26; the total disbursements, 15 societies reporting, were $48,887.69. The amount available for distribution as dividends at the end of the year, 12 associations reporting, was $17,895.34. The following tables contain data relating to 16 associations which provide both sick and death benefits: Table 6.—D A T E O F O R G A N IZ A T IO N A N D G E N E R A L L IM IT A T IO N S U P O N M E M B E R S H IP O F A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y I N G B O T H S IC K A N D D E A T H B E N E F IT S . CO to M e m b e r s h ip li m it e d t o — M a x i m um a ge. D e c . 3 1 ,1 9 1 9 ____ ..........d o ...................... W. C. F. M. & F. 0) N o v . 3 0 ,1 9 1 9 ____ J u n e 3 0 ,1 9 2 0 ____ N o v . 3 0 ,1 9 1 9 ____ ..........d o ...................... M a y 3 0 ,1 9 2 0 N o v . 3 0 ,1 9 1 9 .... D e c . 3 1 ,1 9 1 9 ____ W . & C. W. M. M. & F. M. M. M. & F. M. M. N o v . 3 0 ,1 9 1 9 .... F e b . 1 4 ,1 9 2 0 .... N o v . 3 0 ,1 9 1 9 .... ......... d o ..................... . . . d o ..................... ......... d o ................... S ep t. 2 3 ,1 9 2 0 .... c. c. w. w. w. &c. w. &c. w. w. w. w. ( 6) w. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. O c c u p a t io n . L e n g th o f serv ice ( m o s .) . 6 45 55 50 55 56 L e t t e r c a r r ie r s ......... C le r k s .......................... ( 3) C le r k s .......................... 6 6 6 6 M a c h in is t s ................ 6 ......... 50* 56 50 50 52 50 55 ’ 55 6 (7) 5 N o t rep orted , e O p tio n a l w ith th e b o a r d . * A n y o c c u p a t io n w it h a m in i m u m r a t e o f m e c h a n i c s ' p a y . GOVERNMENT 3 C le rk s , ca rrie rs a n d la b o r e r s . Sex. AMONG EMPLOYEES, 1 N o p e r s o n j o in i n g a ft e r 55 y e a r s o f a ge is p a id a d e a t h b e n e fit . 2 R e o r g a n iz e d 1900. C o lo r . ASSOCIATIONS B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g : 1908 F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s U n io n N o . 105............................................................................. .................... 1914 L a b o r e r s ’ R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................................................................ C it y p o s t o ffice : L e t t e r C a rr ie rs’ R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ........................................... .................. ............. 2 1889 N a t i o n a l F e d e r a t io n o f P o s t O ffic e C le r k s . S ic k B e n e f it F u n d , L o c a l N o . 140. 1918 1904 P o s t O ffice R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n N o . 1 ........................ .. ............................................................................ P o s t O ffic e R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n N o . 2 ............................................................................................................ 1917 1912 U n it e d N a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n P o s t O ffic e C le r k s , B r a n c h 15................... ... 1899 W a s h in g t o n C it y P o s t O ffice M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................. G o v e r n m e n t E m p lo y e e s ’ M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................. ... 1905 N a v y yard: 1915 B o ile r S h o p R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ........................................................................................................ C a rtr id g e C a se R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n (S h o p D ) ....................... 1918 1905 E a s t G u n C a rria ge S h o p R e l i e f (S h o p A ) ................................................................................ . . E l it e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n 4............................................................................................. ( 5) E r e c t in g S h o p M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................ 1902 1899 M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ................................ . . . 1920 P la n t 0 . E . R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ( S h o p J ) ................................................................. D a t a fo r y e a r e n d in g — RELIEF A s s o c ia t io n . Y ear o rg a n iz e d . T ABLE 7 . — P R O V I S I O N S A S T O D U E S A N D B E N E F I T S , S I C K B E N E F I T S R E C E I V E D A N D C O S T O F I N S U R A N C E , D U R I N G T IO N S P A Y I N G B O T H S IC K A N D D E A T H B E N E F I T S O N E Y E A R , IN A S S O C IA Sick benefits. M e m b e rs r e c e iv in g s ic k b e n e fit s . 1.00 1.00 1.00 .5 0 197 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 (6) 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 $ 4 .0 0 5 .0 0 i 365 (8) 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 (6) 12.00 12.00 2 4.0 0 12.00 24.0 0 12.00 12.00 22 200 46 611 172 50 160 tV 17 20 12 100 (8) 39 (0 (7) 26 24 12 13 20 232 10 45^ 56 25f 119H 308 (8) 68* 59 32H 26* 4 6 ft 802* $12.22 $6.00 18.70 302 32.15 164 $ 4 .2 5 7 .75 26.72 28.07 21.19 30.53 3 0.8 0 82 151 126 91 393 3 .9 4 8 .0 6 3 .9 8 1 .73 9 .0 0 5 .2 5 31.62 29. 50 65. 83 24.77 56.15 41.49 31.8 0 96 57 88 36 96 1,151 187 3 .0 0 8.02 10.27 3 .0 0 6. 75 (9) 12.00 5.21 5 .1 8 17.20 5 .6 0 15.06 6 .9 6 6. 79 6 .8 2 6 .8 0 6 . 40 8.94 5 .01 (n) (u) ASSOCIATIONS, 42.00 1.00 122 1.00 81 1 .5 0 100 1.00 49 2.00 116 1.00 1,383 $ 0 .5 0 .2 5 BENEFIT 171 138 130 493 900 SI. 00 DEATH 1 6 m o n t h s t o d r a w 2 w e e k s ’ b e n e fit . 2 N o b e n e fit p a i d fo r fir s t w e e k . 3 6 m o n th s. 4 $1 m e d i c a l fe e ; $1 a d v a n c e a sse ss m e n t. 6 $12 p e r y e a r p a i d s e m ia n n u a lly . 6 N o t t o e x c e e d $300 p e r y e a r . 2 ,185 348 Num ber. P ro C ost of r a ta in s u r d iv i an ce dend p e r 12 p e r 12 m on th s m on th s m em m em b e r. b e r. AND B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g : F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s U n io n , N o . 105............................................................. L a b o r e r s 7 R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................ C ity P o s t O ffic e : L e t t e r C a r r ie r s ’ R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................... N a t io n a l F e d e r a t io n o f P o s t O ffic e C lerk s . S ic k B e n e fit F u n d , L o c a l N o . 140......................................................................................................... P o s t O ffic e R e l i e f A s s o c ia t io n N o . 1.............................................................. P o s t O ffic e R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n N o . 2 ............................................................ U n it e d N a t i o n a l A s s o c ia t io n P o s t O ffic e C lerk s , B r a n c h 15.......... W a s h in g t o n C it y P o s t O ffic e M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c ia tio n .................. G o v e r n m e n t E m p lo y e e s ’ M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................. N a v y yard: B o i le r S h o p R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ......................................................................... C a rtr id g e C a se R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................... E a s t G u n C a rria g e S h o p R e l i e f ...................................................................... E l it e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................................................... E r e c t in g S h o p M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................ . M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................................. . P la n t O . E . R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n ......................................................................... Num ber. A ver A g g re age g a te am ount w ee k s. re ce iv e d . SICK A s s o c ia t io n . M a x i M em m um b e r s h ip W a it b e n e fit B e n e fit re D ues M e m I n it i a in g per q u ir e d p e r io d per b e rsh ip . t io n fee. p e r io d m o n t h . w eek , per fo r (w eek s). b e n e fit year (w eek s). (d a y s ) . M e m b e rs n o t r e c e iv in g s ic k b e n e fit s . 7 N o t fix e d . 9 N o t rep orted . » A n y s u r p lu s o v e r d is b u r s e m e n ts a n d $5,000 re s e rv e f u n d is d i v id e d p r o ra ta . 10 6 w o r k in g d a y s . u F ir s t y e a r o f o r g a n iz a t io n in c o m p le t e . Co CO 34 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. T able 8 .— P R O V IS IO N S A S T O D U E S A N D A S S E S S M E N T S , A N D D E A T H B E N E F I T S P A I D , D U R IN G O N E Y E A R , IN A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y IN G B O T H S IC K A N D D E A T H B E N E F IT S . Death benefits. A s s o cia tio n . D e a t h b e n e fits . M em A s ber s e s s sh ip re m ent q u ir e d per A m ount T ota l fo r per m em fo r C a ses. b e n e fit b er. ca se . year. (d a y s ) . B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r i n t in g : F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e s U n i o n N o . 1 0 5 .................................................... L a b o r e r s ' R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................. 1 0.2 5 C i t y p o s t o ffic e : L e t t e r C a r r ie r s ’ R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................... 4 2.00 N a t i o n a l F e d e r a t i o n o f P o s t O ffic e C le rk s . S ic k B e n e f it F u n d , L o c a l N o . 140............................................................................... P o s t O ffic e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n N o . 1 ................................................. P o s t O ffic e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n N o . 2 .................................................. U n it e d N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f P o s t O ffic e C le r k s , B r a n c h 1 5 ........................................................................................................................ W a s h i n g t o n C i t y P o s t O ffic e M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n -----G o v e r n m e n t E m p l o y e e s ’ M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ..................... N a v y yard: B o i le r S h o p R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................. C a r t r id g e C a se R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................... E a s t G u n C a r r ia g e S h o p R e l i e f ............................................................ E l i t e R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................................ E r e c t in g S h o p M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ..................................... M u t u a l R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ...................................................................... .2 5 P la n t O . E . R e l i e f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................................. (6) 1.00 >1.00 1.00 11.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 (u) 365 2 365 i $75.00 5 0.0 0 j (5) 1 ,2 3 0 .0 0 7 2 50.00 I (5) (5 ) 4 (5) 12 (5) ; 10200.00 00 , i :I (5) 0! 0! 8 0 i (5> 1 ! (5) 150.00 11 i o ! 100.00 1 P a i d fr o m d u e s . 2 6 m o n t h s fo r o n e -h a l f b e n e fit . 3 T h r e e a t $50, f o u r a t $25. 4 F o r a m e m b e r . F i f t y c e n t s fo r w if e o f m e m b e r . 5 V a r ie s w i t h m e m b e r s h i p . 6 F r o m 25 t o 35 c e n t s k e p t f r o m e a c h m e m b e r ’ s m o n t h l y d u e s . 7 45 y e a r s a n d u n d e r . F r o m 45 t o 65 y e a r s a m o u n t d e c r e a s e s g r a d u a ll y fr o m $250 t o $40. 8 50 c e n t s p e r m e m b e r fo r a b e n e fic ia r y o t h e r t h a n a m e m b e r . 9 N o t rep o rte d . 10 $200 t o $300. P a i d fr o m d u e s. 11 V a r ie s w it h a m o u n t i n tr e a s u r y . $150.00 3 250.00 II 473.00 593.00 5 ,0 8 8 .0 0 613.78 222.00 115.00 1 ,6 5 0 .0 0 T a b l e 9 __ R E C E IP T S A N D D IS B U R S E M E N T S F O R O N E Y E A R OF A S S O C IA T IO N S P A Y I N G B O T H SICK A N D D E A T H B E N E F IT S . E x p e n d it u r e s . R e c e ip t s . A s s o c ia t io n . $670.00 885.00 1 .612.00 1.5 4 5.0 0 12.00 10.50 1,5 8 2.3 8 5 .8 6 8.0 0 8 ,7 3 4.9 7 1 .6 2 3.0 0 1 .1 4 2.0 0 2 .3 0 0 .0 0 560.00 2 .6 3 2.0 0 15,904.00 968.00 1 N o t in c lu d in g $800 in v e s t e d i n W a r S a v in g s S ta m p s . 2 N o t rep orted . 8 P a y s n o d iv id e n d . 4 N o t in c lu d in g a b a la n c e o n h a n d a t b e g in n in g o f y e a r , a m o u n t n o t r e p o r te d , s N o t in c lu d in g $974, b a la n c e o n h a n d a t e n d o f y ea r. 6 F ir s t y e a r o f o r g a n iz a t io n in c o m p l e t e . D ea th b e n e fit s . O th er. T o ta l. i $ 1 3 ,1 9 8 .5 0 4 1 ,9 7 5 .4 0 $ 2 ,4 4 4 .0 0 860.00 $150.00 250 .00 ( 2) (2) ( 2) 5 $ 1 , 110.00 $ 1 ,2 3 0 .0 0 3 ,7 2 7 .4 0 1 ,6 0 7 .4 7 1 ,2 3 0 .0 0 $183.45 3 ,0 2 0 .9 2 $706.48 4 73.00 454.28 561.43 254.26 473.00 6 7 .6 8 48.09 75.98 521.96 1 ,0 8 2 .5 2 398.24 363.04 1 ,1 7 1.5 8 593.00 5 ,0 8 8 .0 0 6 13.78 115.90 326.00 3 ,7 6 0 .1 7 1,899. 75 8,494. 00 12,4 99 .31 277.63 2 ,5 7 3 .6 4 4 2.00 59.14 32.0 0 29.00 38. 50 1,316. 05 5 4.3 0 1 ,0 8 6 .0 0 767.14 822.00 351. 00 1,276. 50 12,592. 05 372.30 771.00 395.66 1,502. 51 216.00 1 ,6 1 6.1 0 7,081. 20 $25.40 68.00 5 93.00 5 ,0 8 8 .0 0 6 .2 8 5 .6 7 $162.82 .0 7 885.00 2 ,2 5 4 .1 0 1 ,6 1 8 .7 4 7 .6 4 440.58 3 ,4 1 1 .5 9 2 ,1 7 7 .3 8 1 1,0 67 .64 12,8 99 .14 1,190. 85 3 .0 8 0 .0 0 8 ,1 2 5 .3 6 1 0.3 0 2 4.2 0 .3 1 1,857. 00 1,162. 80 2,324. 51 567.00 2 ,8 9 2 .6 0 1 9,6 73 .25 968.00 822.00 708.00 790.00 322. 00 1,123. 00 9 .6 2 6 .0 0 318.00 222.00 2 30.00 3 ,5 3 2 .2 5 17.60 6a00 222.00 115.00 1,650. 00 (3) (3) (6) ASSOCIATIONS, 7.00 13.00 237.00 S ic k b e n e fit s . O th e r . BENEFIT 2.00 104.00 312.00 T o ta l. $12,528.50 1 .8 4 8.0 0 2 ,4 7 7.4 0 In t e r e s t on fu n d s . DEATH 102.00 20.00 A ssess m en ts. AND B u r e a u o f E n g r a v in g a n d P r in t in g : F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s U n io n , N o . 1 0 5 ....................................... L a b o r e r s ’ R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ....................................................... C it y p o s t o ffice : L e t t e r C a rriers’ R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ......................................... N a t io n a l F e d e r a t io n o f P o s t O ffice C lerk s. S ic k B e n e fit F u n d , L o c a l N o . 140................................................................... P o s t O ffice R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n N o . 1 ....................................... P o s t O ffice R e l ie f A s s o c ia t io n N o . 2 ....................................... U n it e d N a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n o f P o s t O ffic e C lerks, B r a n c h 1 5 .......................................................................................... W a s h in g t o n C it y P o s t O ffic e M u tu a l R e lie f A s s o c ia tio n G o v e r n m e n t E m p lo y e e s ’ M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........... N a v y yard: B o ile r S h o p R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................. C a rtr id g e C a se R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ............................................ E a s t G u n C a rria ge S h o p R e l i e f ................................................. E lit e R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n ................................................................. E r e c t in g S h o p M u t u a l R e l ie f A s s o c i a t i o n .......................... M u t u a l R e lie f A s s o c i a t i o n ........................................................... P la n t O . E . R e lie f A s s o c i a t i o n .................................................. D u e s. SICK I n it ia tio n A p p r o x i m a te am ount a v a il a b le as d i v i d en ds. CO CK 36 BELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. THE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES’ MTJTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION. The varied character of the membership and of the benefits paid by the Government Employees' Mutual Relief Association makes it impossible to adequately show them in tabular form and for this reason a brief account of this organization is given.. Object of organization.— The association was organized in June, 1905, "fo r the purpose of creating a fund to be used for the relief of its members in case of death or physical disability caused by sickness or accident in Continental United States, Porto Rico, Hawaii, or the Dis trict of Alaska." The necessity for such aid was especially apparent in the field where men without funds became ill or died suddenly, leav ing the responsibility for all the expenses incurred by such illnesses or deaths upon the man at the head of the party and the other men associated with him, who in many instances were not able to bear expenses in addition to their own. It was to relieve situations such as these that this association was founded. Membership.— The membership of the Government Employees' Mutual Relief Association was originally confined to the male em ployees of the Geological Survey, Reclamation Service, and the Forest Service, with the provision that the governing committee should be authorized to admit to membership employees of bureaus of like character. At the time of its last financial statement the membership of the organization included, in addition to those in the bureaus mentioned, male employees of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, General Land Office, Indian Service, Bureau of Mines, Division of Valuation of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Bureau of Stand ards, and various bureaus of the Department of Agriculture. Funds.— The funds of the association are maintained by initiation fees of $1 per member and dues of $12 per year per member payable semiannually. A fund of $5,000 is always kept in reserve. Benefits.— The benefits paid are divided into three classes, as follows: Loss of time, medical attention, and death, and the maxi mum allowances provided by the constitution in each of these classes are: 1. Loss of time.— Loss of time during disablement preventing attention to official duties, and while not drawing salary and not having unused leave with pay; indemnity at rate of $14 per week; total payment in any period of 12 months limited to $150. 2. Medical attention.— Medical attention, for illness or accident preventing attention to official duties, or when not disabled but under medical care on account of accident or under necessary surgical treatment for sickness or accident; doctor’s fees not ex ceeding rate of $28 per week, except in case of surgical operations, when actual charges not exceeding amounts scheduled in constitution; medicine prescribed by doctor, not exceeding rate of $5 per week; hire of nurse when directed by doctor, not exceeding rate of $25 per week; hospital expenses when directed by doctor, not exceeding rate of $15 per week; and such further amounts as the governing committee may deem reasonable and proper for unusual expenses due wholly and necessarily to such sick ness or accidents, not exceeding $50; total payment in any period of 12 months, $300. 3. Death.— Death benefits, payable upon receipt of proof of death, $200, and actual cost of transportation of body to place of interment, not exceeding $100. Benefits are paid immediately upon the receipt of the claim, when properly certified and accompanied by paid oills. No benefit is paid during the period for which a man can draw compensation under the Federal compensation act, but in such a case the asso ciation will pay the difference between the benefits allowable under the act and its higher scale of benefits ‘ ‘after the claim has been duly presented to and paid or rejected by the compensation commission." SICK AND DEATH BENEFIT ASSOCIATIONS. 37 Since its organization in 1905 the association has disbursed for indemnities and benefits $89,775.71. A man engaged in extrahazardous work, an electrician, for in stance, is usually asked to waive benefit for injury incurred in con nection with his employment. And likewise, as no medical examina tion is required for entrance, a man who might have a recurrence of some m alady previously suffered may be requested to waive benefit for that particular illness. Prevention of fraud.— In order to safeguard itself against fraud the association provides an application blank which shows in great detail the exact physical condition of each applicant. When claims for benefit are made a report certified to by a claimant’s superior officer must be filed, and in addition thereto a doctor’s certificate giving further information regarding the claim in question must also be submitted. CONCLUSION. An effort was made throughout the survey to ascertain the attitude of officials and men toward the sick and death benefit associations. Officials generally were sympathetic with the work of these societies, encouraging them by letters of recommendation or by carrying mem bership in them, and cooperating in every possible way to insure their success. The attitude of the members may be said to have been an enthusiastic one. “ They are a good thing” or “ They have been very helpful in this office” was the characterization of the work of the benefit associations met in almost every instance, and this was often followed by the relation of some incident of personal experience bearing out the opinion given. Practical and substantial assistance of a nature not admitting of statistical treatment, furnished by these relief associations, is illustrated in several instances selected from a number collected during the survey. Three years ago a fireman of foreign birth employed in the boiler room of a department received a scratch upon his right hand. This apparently slight injury resulted in a long and serious illness from blood poisoning and subsequently in the loss of the arm. The relief association of which he was a member has continued his mem bership ever since that time— and he is still ill— and has paid him full benefits each year. Upon his failure, through a lack of a knowl edge of English, to understand just what was due him in such a case under the Federal compensation act, the officers of the relief association took this matter up and through their efforts and those of the officials of the department he has also received much needed compensation under the act. Another man while repairing his own automobile, through some mischance started the car, which ran over him, injuring him severely. For an accident of this unusual character he received all the benefits due him from the association to which he belonged. During the “ flu” epidemic one of these relief associations paid out $1,300 in sick benefits in one month. Another, a large organization paying both sick and death benefits and therefore tabulated under that heading, paid out $4,000 in sick benefits during October, 1918, in addition to $1,350 for death benefits. 38 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. In addition to the more material features of the relief associations such as the amount and the promptness of the relief furnished in either sickness or death, good returns upon investment, fair division of surplus at the close of the year, etc., the point was repeatedly made that the societies were originally organized to “ avoid the taking of collections” in cases of need due to sickness or death, a form of charity exceedingly distasteful to a self-respecting man who was doing as well as he could on the meager wages he received, and a possible method of graft to the careless employee. Officers of the associations believe that the provision thus made against sickness and death, by which a man contributes a small amount for the protection of his family, and thus avoids the possibility of charity, creates self-respect. They point out that since the associations are not run for profit but simply on a mutual aid or cooperative basis, they promote a com munity of interest and a fraternal feeling which inspire courage and confidence and result in increased efficiency. While this feeling regarding the activities of the relief associations was perhaps most evident in the smaller groups composing the sick benefit associations with their additional feature of a division of funds at the close of the year it was not lacking in the societies paying death benefits. The death benefit associations have greater problems to meet than those paying sick benefits. They are larger as a rule, their membership is more scattered, and therefore, as suggestedbefore, to some extent they lack the fraternal feeling which is an element of strength in the organizations paying sick benefits. The finances of these societies must be carried forward from year to year and the proper dis position and investment of their funds is a responsibility. The ques tion of making available funds meet the actual demands upon them in times of unusual emergency has also proved equally perplexing. The extensive character of the assistance rendered by the death benefit societies is evident from the amounts expended in benefits (Table 5), one association showing $12,000 for the year quoted; one, $5,600; and several, over $4,000. The membership of such associations must be increased from year to year, and furthermore it must be increased from among the younger people in order to keep the funds on a sound actuarial basis. Some times it is difficult to secure such members, the younger employees of a bureau or office being, under ordinary circumstances, farther removed from the necessity of assistance of this character than the older employees, are not as interested in helping to keep up benefit societies. But notwithstanding the admittedly larger problems of the death benefit associations, there is a conviction that they fill a great need in offices where they exist and that this fact has been especially apparent during the last few years. SERIES OFBULLETINSPUBLISHEDBYTHE BUREAU OFLABORSTATISTICS [The publication of the animal and special reports and of the bimonthly bulletin was discontinued in July, 1912, and since that time a bulletin has been published at irregular intervals. Each number contains matter devoted to one of a series of general subjects. These bulletins are numbered consecutively, beginning with No. 101, and up to No. 236 they also carry consecutive numbers under each series. Beginning with No. 237 the serial numbering has been discontinued. A list of the series is given below. Under each is grouped all the bulletins which contain material relating to the subject matter of that series. A list of the reports and bulletin of the Bureau issued prior to July 1, 1912, will be furnished on application. The bulletins marked thus * are ant of print,] W h o le s a le P r ic e s . * B u i. 1 1 4 . W h o le s a le p r ic e s , 1890 to 1912. B u i. 1 4 9 . W h o le s a le p r ic e s , 1890 to 1913. * B u i. 1 7 3 . In d ex n u m b ers of w h o le s a le p r ic e s in th e U n it e d S ta te s and fo r e ig n co u n tr ie s . B u i. 1 8 1 . * B u i. 2 0 0 . B u i. 2 2 6 . B u i. 269. W h o le s a le p r ic e s , W h o le s a le p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o W h o le s a le p r ic e s , R e t a il P r ic e s a n d * B u i. 1 05 . 1 89 0 to 1914. W h o le s a le p r ic e s 1 8 9 0 t o 1 9 1 5 . 1890 1916. to 1919. C ost o f L iv in g . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1890 to 1911: P a r t I. , R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o 1 9 1 1 : P a r t I I — G e n e r a l ta b le s . * B u i. 1 0 6 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 to J u n e , 1 9 1 2 : P a r t I. R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o J u n e , 1 9 1 2 : P a r t I I — G e n e r a l ta b le s . B u i. 1 0 8 . R e t a i l p r i c e s , 1 8 9 0 t o A u g u s t , •1 9 1 2 . B u i. 1 1 0 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o B u i. 1 1 3 . R e t a il p r ic e s , B u i. 1 1 5 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o * B u i. 1 2 1 . B u i. 1 2 5 . * B u i. 1 3 0 . * S u g a r p r ic e s , 1890 to fr o m O ctob er, 1 9 1 2 . D ecem b er, 1912. F ebru ary, 1913. r e fin e r t o R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o con su m er. A p r il, 1 9 1 3 . W h e a t a n d flo u r p r ic e s , fr o m B u i. 1 3 2 . R e t a il p r ic e s , B u i. 1 3 6 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o B u i. 1 3 8 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1890 to 1890 to fa r m e r t o c o n s u m e r . June, 1913. A u g u st, 1913. O ctob er, 1913. B u i. 1 4 0 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 8 9 0 t o D e c e m b e r , 1 9 1 3 . B u i. 1 5 6 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 9 0 7 t o D e c e m b e r , 1 9 1 4 . B u i. 1 6 4 . B u t t e r p r ic e s , fr o m B u i. 1 7 0 . F o r e ig n produ cer to con su m er. fo o d p r ic e s a s a ffe c te d by th e w a r . B u i. 1 8 4 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 9 0 7 t o J u n e , 1 9 1 5 . B u i. 1 9 7 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 9 0 7 t o D e c e m b e r , 1 9 1 5 . B u i. 2 2 8 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1 9 0 7 to D e c e m b e r , 1 9 1 6 . B u i. 2 7 0 . R e t a il p r ic e s , 1913 W a ges and H on rs o f L abor. B u i. 1 1 6 . H o u r s , e a r n in g s , to and 1919. [In d u ra tio n p r e s s .] of e m p lo y m e n t of w a g e -e a rn in g w om en in s e le c t e d in d u s t r ie s in t h e D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia . * B u i. 1 1 8 . B u i. 1 1 9 . T e n -h o u r m a x im u m w o r k in g -d a y * B u i. 1 2 8 . W ages and to 1912. * B u i. 1 2 9 W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r trie s , 1 8 9 0 to 1 9 1 2 . * B u i. 1 3 1 . U n io n * B u i. 1 3 4 . W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in in d u s t r ie s , 1 8 9 0 t o 1 9 1 2 . * B u i. 1 3 5 . W ages and 1912. B u i. 1 3 7 . fo r w om en and young person s. W o r k in g h o u r s o f w o m e n in t h e p e a c a n n e r ie s o f W is c o n s in . h ou rs of la b o r in sc a le o f w a g e s a n d hours of la b o r in to th e cotton , w o o le n , lu m b e r , in and m illw o r k , h o u r s o f la b o r , 1 9 0 7 W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in ca rs, 1 8 9 0 th e to s ilk and in d u s t r ie s , fu r n it u r e th e cig a r and c lo t h in g b u ild in g a n d in d u s 1912. th e b o o t a n d sh o e a n d h o s ie r y th e 1890 a n d k n it g o o d s in d u s t r ie s , r e p a ir in g o f stea m 1911 and r a ilr o a d 1912. B u i. 1 4 3 . U n io n s c a le o f w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y 1 5 , 1 9 1 3 . B u i. 1 4 6 . W a g e s a n d r e g u la r it y o f e m p lo y m e n t a n d s t a n d a r d iz a t io n in t h e d r e s s a n d w a i s t in d u s t r y o f N e w Y o r k C it y . of W ages and s k ir t in d u s t r y . * B u i. 1 4 7 . r e g u la r it y o f e m p lo y m e n t in t h e c lo a k , s u it, a n d [I] p ie ce ra tes W a ges and H o n r s o f L a b o r — C o n c lu d e d . * B u i. 1 5 0 . W ages and to B u i. 1 5 1 . h o u r s o f l a b o r In th e co tto n , w o o le n , a n d s ilk in d u s tr ie s , 1907 1913. W ages and h ou rs of la b o r in th e ir o n and in th e lu m b e r , in th e boot ste e l in d u s tr y in th e U n ite a S ta te s , 1 9 0 7 t o 1 9 1 2 . B u i. 1 5 3 . W ages and h ou rs of la b o r m illw o r k , and fu r n itu r e in d u s trie s , 1 9 0 7 to 1 9 1 3 . B u i. 1 5 4 . W ages B u i. 1 6 0 . H ou rs, B u i. 1 6 1 . W ages and h ou rs of w e a r in d u s tr ie s , la b o r 1907 to e a rn in g s , a n d e s ta b lis h m e n ts and of la b o r in h o u r s o f la b o r ca rs, 1 90 7 to of la b o r sh oe and o f w om en h o s ie r y in in th e c lo t h in g th e b u ild in g and and cig a r W ages to and re p a ir in g o f ste a m h ou rs of la b o r in th e h o s ie r y and 1907 to r a ilr o a d u n d erw ear to 1918. in d u s t r y , 1907 1914. B u i. 1 7 8 . W ages W ages and h o u r s o f la b o r in t h e m e n ’ s c l o t h in g in d u s t r y , 1 9 1 1 * B u i. 1 9 0 . W ages and h o u r s o f la b o r in * B u i. 1 9 4 . 1911 1913. B u i. 1 8 7 . to u n d er m e r c a n tile in d u s tr ie s , B u i. 1 6 8 . W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in th e ir o n a n d s te e l in d u s t r y , B u i. 1 7 1 . U n io n s c a le o f w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y 1 , 1 9 1 4 . B u i. 1 7 7 . and In d ia n a a n d g a r m e n t fa c to r ie s . hours 1913. B u i. 1 6 3 . W a g e s a n d and 1913. c o n d it io n s and h ou rs o f la b o r in th e th e boot and co tto n , sh oe in d u s tr y , w o o le n , and 1907 s ilk to 1914. to 1914. in d u s t r ie s , 1907 1914. U n io n s c a le o f w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y e m p lo y m e n t in S tre e t r a ilw a y B u i. 2 1 4 . U n io n s c a le o f» w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y 1 5 , 1 9 1 6 . B u i. 2 1 8 . W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in t h e ir o n a n d s te e l in d u s t r y , 1 9 0 7 t o 1 9 1 5 . B u i. 2 2 1 . H ou rs, fa tig u e , a n d B u i. 2 2 5 . W ages and h ou rs h e a lth in la b o r in of th e U n ite d 1, 1 9 1 5 . B u i. 2 0 4 . B r it is h th e S ta te s . m u n itio n lu m b e r , fa c to r ie s . m illw o r k , and fu r n it u r e in d u s trie s , 1 9 1 5 . B u i. 2 3 2 . W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in t h e b o o t a n d s h o e in d u s t r y , 1 9 0 7 B u i. 2 3 8 . W ages and h ou rs of la b o r in w o o le n and w o rsted hours of la b o r in cotton goods goods to 1916. m a n u fa c tu r in g . 1916. B u i. 239. W ages and 1916. B u i. 2 4 5 . U n io n * B u i. 2 5 2 . W a g e s 1917. B u i. 2 5 9 . U n io n B u i. 2 6 0 . W a g e s m a n u fa c tu r in g and fin is h in g , s c a le o f w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y 1 5 , 1 9 1 7 . a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in t h e s l a u g h t e r in g a n d m e a t - p a c k i n g s c a le o f w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y 1 5 , 1 9 1 8 . a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in t h e b o o t a n d s h o e in d u s t r y , in d u s t r y . 1907 to 1918^ B u i. 2 6 1 . W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r in w o o le n a n d w o r s t e d g o o d s m a n u fa c t u r i n g , 1 9 1 8 . B u i. 2 6 2 . W ages B u i. 2 6 5 . 1918. I n d u s t r ia l and of su rvey lim in a r y B u i. 2 7 4 . hours la b o r in in s e le c te d co tto n goods in d u s tr ie s in m a n u fa c tu r in g th e U n ite d and S ta te s , fin is h in g , 1919. P re rep ort U n io n s c a le o f w a g e s a n d h o u r s o f la b o r , M a y 1 5 , 1 9 1 9 . B u i. 2 7 8 . W a g e s a n d h o u r s o f l a b o r in t h e b o o t a n d s h o e i n d u s t r y , 1 9 0 7 - 1 9 2 0 . [I n p r e s s .] B u i . 2 7 9 . H o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s in a n t h r a c i t e a n d b i t u m i n o u s c o a l m i n i n g . [ I n p r e s s .] E m p lo y m e n t a n d U n e m p lo y m e n t . * B u i. 1 0 9 . S ta tis tic s o f u n e m p lo y m e n t a n d th e w o r k B u i. 1 1 6 . H ou rs, e a r n in g s , B u i. 1 7 2 . U n e m p lo y m e n t in N e w B u i. 1 8 2 . U n e m p lo y m e n t s e le cte d and in d u s t r ie s d u r a tio n in am ong th e of D is tr ic t o f Y ork o f e m p l o y m e n t o ffic e s . e m p lo y m e n t of w a g e -e a r n in g w om en in stores of C o lu m b ia . C ity , N . Y . w om en in d ep a rtm en t and oth er r e ta il B o s to n , M ass. * B u i. 1 8 3 . R e g u la r it y o f e m p lo y m e n t in t h e w o m e n ’ s r e a d y -t o - w e a r g a r m e n t in d u s t r ie s . B u i. 1 9 2 . P r o c e e d in g s o f t h e A m e r ic a n A s s o c i a t i o n o f P u b l i c E m p lo y m e n t O ffic e s . * B u i. 1 9 5 . U n e m p lo y m e n t in t h e U n it e d S ta te s . B u i. 1 9 6 . P r o c e e d in g s o f th e E m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e r s ’ C o n fe r e n c e h e ld a t M in n e a p o lis , Jan u ary, 1916. B u i. 2 0 2 . P r o c e e d in g s o f th e c o n f e r e n c e o f th e E m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e r s ’ A s s o c ia t io n B o s t o n , M a s s ., h e l d B u i. 2 0 6 . T h e B r itis h B u i. 2 2 0 . P r o c e e d in g s o f th e sy stem M ay o f la b o r e x c h a n g e s . F ou rth A n n u a l M e e tin g o f th e A m e r ic a n P u b l ic E m p lo y m e n t O ffice s , B u f fa lo , N . Y ., J u ly 2 0 a n d B u i. 2 2 3 . E m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n of 10, 1916. and ju v e n ile s [Hi in G r e a t B r i t a i n A s s o c ia tio n 21, 1916. d u r in g t h e w a r . of E m p lo y m e n t a n d * B u i. 2 2 7 . U n e m p lo y m e n t — C o n c lu d e d . P r o c e e d in g s of th e E m p lo y m e n t M an agers’ C o n fe re n ce , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., A p r il 2 a n d 3, 1 91 7. B u i. 2 3 5 . E m p lo y m e n t s y s te m B u i. 2 4 1 . P u b l i c e m p l o y m e n t o ff ic e s in t h e U n it e d B u i. 2 4 7 . P r o c e e d in g s M ay W om en of o f th e L a k e C a r r ie r s ’ A s s o c ia t io n . E m p lo y m e n t S ta te s . M an agers’ C o n fe re n ce , R o ch ester, N. Y ., 9 -1 1 , 1918. in In d u s try . B u i. 1 1 6 . H ou rs, e a rn in g s , se le cte d and * B u i. 1 1 7 . P r o h ib it io n * B u i. 1 1 8 . T e n -h o u r m a x im u m B u i. 1 1 9 . * B u i. 1 2 2 . B u i. 1 6 0 . d u ra tio n in d u s tr ie s o f n ig h t w o rk of E m p l o y m e n t oi* w o m e n H ou rs, e a rn in g s , and in p o w e r w om en in person s. S u m m ary o f th e th e U n ite d la u n d r ie s in M ilw a u k e e . o f la b o r of w om en in I n d ia n a m e r c a n t ile g a r m e n t fa c t o r ie s . M in im u m -w a g e le g is la t io n in rep ort on th e U n it e d c o n d itio n S ta te s a n d fo r e ig n o f w om an and c h ild c o u n tr ie s . w age ea rn ers in S ta te s . E f fe c t o f m in im u m w a g e d e t e r m in a t io n s in O r e g o n . 1 8 0 . T h e b o o t a n d s h o e in d u s t r y in M a s s a c h u s e t t s 182. w a g e -e a rn in g fo r w om en a n d y o u n g p erson s. c o n d it io n s * B u i. 1 6 7 . B u i. of W o r k i n g h o u r s o f w o m e n in t h e p e a c a n n e r ie s o f W i s c o n s in . * B u i. 1 7 5 . * B u i. 1 7 6 . e m p lo y m e n t young w o r k in g -d a y e s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d * B u i. of in t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o lo m b ia . U n e m p lo y m e n t am ong w om en in a s a v o c a t io n d ep a rtm en t and oth er fo r w om en . r e ta il stores of th e n e ce s s ity of d u r in g th e w a r. B o s to n , M a ss. B u i. 1 9 3 . D r e s s m a k in g a s a t r a d e f o r w o m e n in M a s s a c h u s e t t s . B u i. 2 1 5 . I n d u s t r ia l e x p e r ie n c e o f t r a d e - s c h o o l g ir ls in M a s s a c h u s e t t s . B u i. 2 1 7 . E ffe c t of w ork m en ’s c o m p e n s a tio n in d u s t r ia l e m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n B u i. 2 2 3 . E m p lo y m e n t o f B u i. 2 5 3 . W om en in w om en t h e le a d and la w s and ju v e n ile s in d im in is h in g c h ild r e n . in G rea t B r it a in in d u s tr y . W o r k m e n 's I n s u r a n c e a n d C o m p e n s a t i o n (in e in d iitg la w s re la tin g t h e r e to ). B u i. 1 0 1 . C a r e o f t u b e r c u l o u s w a g e e a r n e r s in B u i. 1 0 2 . B r it is h B u i. 1 0 3 . S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e la w B u i. 1 0 7 . L a w r e l a t i n g t o in s u r a n c e o f s a la r i e d e m p lo y e e s in G e r m a n y . N a tio n a l In su ra n ce c o m p e n s a t io n G erm a n y. A ct, 1911. la w s o f S w itz e r la n d . * B u i. 1 2 6 . W ork m en ’s * B u i. 1 5 5 . C o m p e n s a tio n fo r a c c id e n t s t o e m p lo y e e s o f th e U n it e d S ta te s . * B u i. 1 8 5 . C o m p e n s a tio n le g is la tio n o f th e o f 1914 U n it e d S ta te s a n d fo r e ig n c o u n tr ie s . and 1915. B u i. 2 0 3 . W o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a tio n la w s o f th e U n ite d S ta te s a n d fo r e ig n c o u n tr ie s . B u i. 2 1 0 . P r o c e e d in g s o f th e T h ir d A n n u a l M e e tin g o f th e I n t e r n a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n o f I n d u s t r ia l A c c id e n t B o a r d s a n d B u i. 2 1 2 . P r o c e e d in g s of th e co n fe re n ce n a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n B u i. 2 1 7 . E ffe c t of w ork m en ’s on C o m m is s io n s . s o c ia l in s u r a n c e c a lle d o f I n d u s tr ia l A c c id e n t B o a rd s a n d c o m p e n s a tio n in d u s t r ia l e m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n la w s and o f w o r k m e n ’s c o m p e n s a tio n in by th e In te r C o m m is s io n s . d im in is h in g th e n e c e s s ity of c h ild r e n . B u i. 2 4 0 . C o m p a r is o n B u i. 2 4 3 . W o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a t io n c o u n tr ie s . B u i. 2 4 8 . P r o c e e d in g s o f th e F o u r t h A n n u a l M e e tin g o f th e I n t e r n a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n B u i. 2 6 4 . P r o c e e d in g s le g is la t io n la w s o f t h e U n it e d S ta te s . in th e U n ite d S ta te s and fo r e ig n o f I n d u s t r ia l A c c id e n t B o a r d s a n d C o m m is s io n s . o f th e F ifth A n n u a l M e e tin g o f th e I n t e r n a t io n a l A s s o c ia tio n o f I n d u s t r ia l A c c id e n t B o a r d s a n d C o m m is s io n s . B u i. 2 7 2 . W ork m en ’s c o m p e n s a t io n le g is la tio n of th e U n it e d S ta te s and Canada, 1919. B u i. 2 7 3 . P r o c e e d in g s of B u i. 2 7 5 . of I n d u s t r ia l C o m p a r is o n of th e S ix th A c c id e n t A nnual B oard s w ork m en ’s M e e tin g and of th e I n t e r n a t io n a l A s s o c ia tio n C o m m is s io n s . c o m p e n s a tio n la w s of th e U n ite d S ta te s M e e tin g of th e I n t e r n a t io n a l and Canada. B u i. 281. P r o c e e d in g s c ia tio n of of th e S e v e n th I n d u s t r ia l Annual A c c id e n t B oard s and C o m m is s io n s . T in A sso p r e s s .] I n d u s t r ia l A c c id e n t s a n d H y g ie n e . B u i. 1 0 4 . Lead p o is o n in g w are B u i. 1 2 0 . * B u i. 3 2 7 . B u i. 1 4 1 . H y g ie n e in p o t t e r ie s , t ile w ork s, and p o r ce la in of D a n g ers to s a n it a r y th e p a in te r s ’ tra d e. w ork ers fr o m d u sts a n d fu m e s , a n d m e th o d s o f p r o te c tio n . L e a d p o i s o n i n g in t h e s m e lt in g a n d r e f in in g o f le a d . e n a m e le d fa c t o r ie s . [in] I n d u s t r ia l A c c i d e n t s a n d H y g i e n e — C o n c lu d e d . * B u i. 1 5 7 . B u i. 1 6 5 . * B u i. 1 7 9 . B u i. 1 8 8 . I n d u s t r ia l th e of b u ild in g s . R e p o r t o f c o m m itte e o n s t a t is t ic s a n d c o m p e n s a tio n in s u r a n c e c o s t o f th e iM t e r n a t io n a l A s s o c ia t io n o f I n d u s t r ia l A c c id e n t B o a r d s a n d C o m m is s io n s . [L im it e d A n th ra x B u i. 2 0 7 . C a u ses o f d e a th B u i. 2 0 9 . H y g ie n e B u i. 2 1 9 . in t h e r u b b e r in d u s t r y . d e p a r t m e n t a l c o m m i t t e e o n t h e d a n g e r in t h e u s e o f le a d p a in tin g B u i. 2 0 5 . * B u i. 2 1 6 . s ta tis tic s . I n d u s t r ia l p o is o n s u se d R e p o r t o f B r itis h in * B u i. 2 0 1 . a c c id e n t L e a d p o i s o n i n g in t h e m a n u f a c t u r e o f s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s . as an o f th e A c c id e n t s e d it io n .] o c c u p a t io n a l by d is e a s e . o c c u p a t io n . p r in t in g tra d e s . a n d a c c id e n t p r e v e n t io n in m a c h in e b u ild in g . I n d u s t r ia l p o is o n s u s e d o r p r o d u c e d in th e m a n u fa c t u r e o f e x p lo s iv e s . B u i. 2 2 1 . H o u r s , fa t ig u e , a n d h e a lt h in B r it i s h B u i. 2 3 0 . I n d u s t r ia l e ffic ie n c y a n d B u i. 2 3 1 . M o r t a lit y fr o m fa t ig u e in re s p ir a to r y m u n itio n B r it is h fa c t o r ie s . m u n itio n fa c t o r ie s . d is e a s e s in d u s t y t r a d e s . B u i. 2 3 4 . S a f e t y m o v e m e n t in t h e i r o n a n d s t e e l in d u s t r y , 1 9 0 7 t o 1 9 1 7 . B u i. 2 3 6 . E ffe c t o f th e a ir h a m m e r o n th e h a n d s o f s t o n e c u tte r s . B u i. 2 5 1 . P r e v e n ta b le d e a th B u i. 2 5 3 . W om en B u i. 2 5 6 . A c c id e n ts B u i. in th e th e co tto n and m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r y . in d u s t r ie s . a ccid e n t p r e v e n t io n in m a c h in e b u ild in g . R e v is io n of 216. B u i. 2 6 7 . A n th ra x B u i. 2 7 6 . S ta n d a r d iz a t io n B u i. In d u s tr ia l 280. in le a d as an o c c u p a t io n a l d is e a s e . (R e v is e d .) o f in d u s t r ia l a c c id e n t p o is o n in g in m a k in g - c o a l s t a t is tic s . ta r dyes and d y e in t e r m e d ia t e s . [In p r e s s .] C o n c ilia t io n and * B u i. 1 2 4 . B u i. 1 3 3 . A r b itr a tio n C o n c ilia t io n R ep ort of q u ir y (in c lu d in g s t r ik e s a n d a r b it r a t io n th e in to in d u s t r ia l in d u s t r ia l and in lo c k o u ts ). th e b u ild in g tr a d e s o f G r e a te r N e w c o u n c il o f th e B r it is h B oard of T ra d e on Y ork. its B u i. 1 3 9 . M ic h ig a n B u i. 1 4 4 . I n d u s t r ia l c o u r t o f th e c lo a k , s u it, a n d s k ir t in d u s t r y o f N e w Y o r k C ity . B u i. 1 4 5 . C o n c ilia t io n , a r b it r a t io n , a n d N ew In a g re e m e n ts. c o p p e r d i s t r i c t s t r ik e . Y ork s a n it a t io n in th e d r e s s a n d w a is t in d u s t r y of C ity . B u i. 1 9 1 . C o l le c t iv e b a r g a in in g in t h e a n t h r a c i t e c o a l in d u s t r y . B u i. 1 9 8 . C o lle c t iv e a g r e e m e n t s in t h e m e n ’ s c l o t h in g in d u s t r y . B u i. 2 3 3 . O p e r a tio n o f th e I n d u s t r ia l D is p u te s I n v e s t ig a t io n L a b o r L a w s o f th e U n it e d S ta te s * B u i. 1 1 1 . B u i. 1 1 2 . L abor le g is la t io n D e c is io n s of o f cou rts 1912. and * B u i. 1 4 8 . L a b o r la w s o f th e * B u i. 1 5 2 . D e c is io n s o f c o u r t s a n d * B u i. 1 6 6 . L abor * B u i. 1 6 9 . D e c is o n s * B u i. 1 86 . L abor * B u i. 1 8 9 . B u i. 2 1 1 . * B u i. 2 1 3 . le g is la t io n of D e c is io n s of o p in io n s U n it e d of cou rts le g is la t io n .a f f e c t i n g S ta te s , w ith le g is la t io n a ffe c t in g la b o r , of 1915. in t h e P a c if i c S t a t e s . 1916. D e c is io n s o f c o u r t s a ffe c t in g la b o r , 1 9 1 6 . W a g e -p a y m e n t le g is la t io n in B u i. 2 4 4 . L a b o r le g is la t io n t h e U n it e d B u i. 2 4 6 . D e c is io n s o f c o u r t s a ffe c t in g la b o r , 1 9 1 7 . L abor B u i. 2 5 8 . D e c is io n s 277. of 1918. cou rts an d L a b o r le g is la t io n o f F o r e ig n L a b o r L a w s . B u i. 1 4 2 . A d m in is t r a t io n of S ta te s . o f 1917. B u i. 2 5 7 . B u i. th ereto 1914. B u i. 2 2 9 . of re la tin g la b o r , 1 9 1 3 . 1915. B u i. 2 2 4 . le g is la t io n 1912 o f cou rts 1914. a ffe c t in g - la b o r , of co u rts la b o r , d e c is io n s o p in io n s a ffe c t in g L a b o r la w s a n d th e ir a d m in is t r a t io n L abor A ct o f Canada. (in c lu d in g d e c is io n s o f c o u r t s r e la t in g t o la b o r ) . o p in io n s a ffe c t in g la b o r , 1918. 1919. la b o r la w s and fa c to r y in s p e c t io n in c e r ta in E uropean c o u n tr ie s . V o c a t io n a l E d u c a t io n . B u i. 1 4 5 . C o n c ilia t io n , a r b it r a t io n , a n d s a n it a t io n N e w .Y o r k * B u i. 1 4 7 . W ages and in t h e d r e s s a n d w a i s t in d u s t r y r e g u la r it y o f e m p lo y m e n t in t h e c lo a k , s u it , a n d s k ir t in d u s t r y . B u i. 1 5 9 . B u i. 1 6 2 . S h o r t -u n it c o u r s e s f o r w a g e e a r n e r s , a n d a f a c t o r y V o c a t io n a l e d u c a tio n s u r v e y o f R ic h m o n d , V a . B u i. 1 9 9 . V o c a tio n a l of C ity . e d u ca tio n su rvey o f M in n e a p o lis . [IV ] sch ool e x p e r im e n t. L a b o r a s A ffe c te d b y th e W a r . B u i. 1 7 0 . F o r e ig n fo o d p r ic e s a s a ffe c te d b y w ar. In d u s tr ia l p o is o n s B u i. 2 2 1 . H o u r s , fa t ig u e , a n d h e a lt h B u i. 2 2 2 . W e lfa r e B u i. 2 2 3 . E m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n a n d ju v e n ile s in G r e a t B r it a in d u r in g th e w a r . B u i. 2 3 0 . I n d u s t r ia l e ffic ie n c y a n d B u i. 2 3 7 . I n d u s t r ia l u n r e s t in G r e a t B r it a in . B u i. 2 4 9 . I n d u s t r ia l h e a lt h t io n B u i. 2 5 5 . J o in t w ork in u sed o r th e B u i. 2 1 9 . B r it is h and p r o d u c e d in th e m a n u fa c tu r e in B r i t i s h m u n i t i o n m u n itio n f a t ig u e in B r it i s h e ffic ie n c y . W ork ers C o m m itte e . in d u s t r ia l c o u n c il s in o f e x p lo s iv e s . fa c t o r ie s . fa c t o r ie s . F in a l G rea t m u n itio n rep ort o f fa c t o r ie s . B r itis h H e a lt h of M u n i B r ita in . M is c e lla n e o u s S e r ie s . * B u i. 1 1 7 . P r o h ib it io n * B u i. 1 1 8 . T e n -h o u r m a x im u m * B u i. 1 2 3 . E m p lo y e r s ’ w e lf a r e B u i. 1 5 8 . of n ig h t G o v e r n m e n t a id to w ork of young person s. w o r k in g -d a y fo r w o m e n an d y ou n g person s. w ork . h o m e o w n in g a n d h o u s in g o f w o r k in g p e o p le in fo r e ig n c o u n tr ie s . * B u i. 1 5 9 . S h o r t -u n it c o u r s e s f o r * B u i. 1 6 7 . M in im u m -w a g e w age earn ers, a n d a le g is la t io n in th e U n it e d B u i. 1 7 0 . F o r e ig n fo o d p r ic e s a s a ffe c te d by th e w a r . B u i. 1 7 4 . S u b je c t in d e x of th e p u b lic a tio n s S ta tis tic s u p to M a y P r o fit s h a r in g in t h e U n it e d B u i. 2 2 2 . W e lfa r e w o rk B u i. 2 4 2 . F o o d B u i. 2 5 0 . situ a tio n W e lfa r e w ork B r itis h th e school and U n it e d S ta te s e x p e r im e n t. fo r e ig n c o u n tr ie s . B ureau of Labor 1, 1 9 1 5 . B u i. 2 0 8 . in of fa cto r y S ta te s S ta te s . m u n itio n fa c t o r ie s . in C e n t r a l E u r o p e , 1 9 1 7 . fo r e m p lo y e e s in in d u s t r ia l e s ta b lis h m e n ts in th e U n ite d S ta te s . B u i. 2 5 4 . I n t e r n a t io n a l la b o r le g is la t io n a n d th e s o c ie t y o f n a t io n s . B u i. 2 6 3 . H o u s in g b y B u i. 2 6 6 . P r o c e e d in g s o f S e v e n th B u i. 2 6 8 . H is to r ic a l B u i. 2 7 1 . A d u lt of e m p lo y e r s in t h e U n it e d th e U n it e d S ta te s a n d C a n a d a . su rvey of w o r k in g -c la s s S ta te s . A n n u a l C o n v e n tio n [I n o f G o v e r n m e n t a l L a b o r O ffic ia ls p r e s s .] in te r n a tio n a l a c t io n a ffe c t in g e d u c a tio n G reat B r it a in in [V] la b o r . and th e U n ite d S ta te s . SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS D e s c r ip t io n s of o c c u p a t io n s , B oots an d sh oes, C a n e -s u g a r C oal an d r e fin in g and and flo u r w a te r g a s, p a in t a n d E le c tr ic a l L o g g in g prep a red h a rn ess m a n u fa c tu r in g , ca m ps M e d ic in a l and fo r th e s a d d le r y , U n it e d and and S e rv ice , 1 9 1 8 -1 9 . m illin g . v a r n is h , p a p e r , p r in t in g d is t r ib u t io n , and tra d e s , a n d ru b b er g ood s. m a in te n a n c e . s a w m ills . a n d g e n e r a l c o n s t r u c tio n , r a ilr o a d b u ild in g . M in e s E m p lo y m e n t m a n u fa c tu r in g . M e ta l w o rk in g , b u ild in g O ffic e S ta te s ta n n in g . m in in g . e m p lo y e e s . S la u g h t e r in g and m eat p a c k in g . S tr e e t r a ilw a y s . T e x t ile s a n d c lo t h in g . W a te r tr a n s p o r t a t io n . O [V I] t r a n s p o r t a t io n , and s h ip
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