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Monthly
Labor
Review
SE PT E M B E R 1958
n
m
V O L . 81 NO
Arbitration of Wage Differentials on the Alaska Railroad
Seamen and the International Labor Organization
Dutch Experience With Wage Controls
Wages in the Machinery Industries, 1957-58
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
J am es P. M itchell , Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E w an C lague,
H
enry
H
erm an
W. D
Commissioner
J . F it z g e r a l d ,
Assistant Commissioner
B. B y e r , Assistant Commissioner
uane
E
v ans,
P h il ip A r n o w ,
Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
A rnold E. C hase, Chief, Division of Construction Statistics
H. M. D outy, Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
J oseph P. G oldberg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
L eon Greenberg , Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard F . J ones, Chief, Office of Management
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Office of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbaum, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
F rank S. M cE lroy, Chief, Division of Industrial Hazards
H. E. R iley , Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
Abe R othman, Acting Chief, Offioe of Statistical Standards
Oscar W eigert, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
M orris W eisz, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
F aith M. W illiams, Chief, Office of Labor Economics
S eymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
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Monthly Labor Review
U N ITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR
•
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
L a w r e n c e R. K l e i n , Editor-in-Chief
M a r y S. B e d e l l , Executive Editor
CONTENTS
Special Articles
965
974
982
A Wage Award on the Alaska Railroad
Seamen and the International Labor Organization
Experience with Wage Controls in the Netherlands
Summaries of Studies and Reports
988
991
1000
1005
1010
1014
The 1958 Session of the International Labor Conference
Wages and Related Practices in the Machinery Industries, 1957-58
Earnings of Communications Workers in October 1957
Wage Chronology No. 7: Swift & Co.—Supplement No. 5—1956-58
Price Fluctuations for Hides and Skins
Adjustment to an Automatic Airline Reservation System
Departments
h i
1020
1029
1017
1021
1023
1030
1037
THE FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Labor Month in Review
Union Conventions, October 16 to November 15, 1958
Conferences and Institutes, October 16 to November 15, 1958
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics
September 1958 • VoL 81 • No. 9
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5
A d e fin it e commitment to strike action against
the Ford Motor Co., voted by the International
Executive Board of the United Automobile Work
ers on September 10, brought negotiations in the
auto industry to a climax. The board’s resolution
had set September 17 as a deadline for a new
contract. No action was taken against the
General Motors and Chrysler Corps., the other
major automobile manufacturers whose contracts
with the UAW expired last spring.
A delayed announcement revealed that the
Auto Workers did sign a 2-year contract covering
about 1,000 appliance workers at the Kelvinator
Co. plant at Grand Rapids, Mich. Kelvinator is
a subsidiary of American Motors. The agree
ment called for a 2-year pay freeze, an end to
escalation, surrender of annual-improvement-fac
tor increases, and relief-time reduction. Ameri
can Motors had said that unless costs were
reduced, the plant would be shut down.
The UAW-Kelvinator pact was announced last
August at the time negotiations were being held
between the International Union of Electrical
Workers and three Kelvinator competitors—
General Motors’ Frigidaire Division, General
Electric, and Westinghouse. In the IUE-General
Electric situation, Federal mediators joined in the
talks, after the union had threatened to strike for
a company-financed supplemental unemployment
benefit plan. The union had rejected a company
proposal to contribute 50 cents of savings for
every dollar deposited by the workers, up to 6
percent of yearly straight-time earnings in ex
change for a reduction and delay of pay hikes and
certain fringe benefits. According to a company
spokesman, 24 smaller unions had accepted the
GE plan.
I n mid -S eptem ber a panel of Teamster officials
and one public member was scheduled to begin
q hearings on charges against officers of Philadelphia
Teamster Local 107. The hearings were ordered
by Teamster President James R. Hoffa. The
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
situation was clouded by court action to prevent
the hearings on the part of the officers of Local
107 and by threatened court action on the part
of the court-appointed board of monitors for the
Teamsters which had recommended that the local
be placed under trusteeship and the officers
removed. In a related development, Hoffa an
nounced the suspension of Samuel Feldman, an
officer of Philadelphia Local 209. This was in
compliance with one of a series of requests by
the monitors, who had also suggested the ouster
of Owen Brennan, an international vice president,
and several others. Further recommendations
related to new auditing procedures and more
democratic election rules for the union. The
monitors also received assurances from their
sponsor, Judge F. Dickinson Letts, that a citizens’
“antiracketeering commission” named by Hoffa
to investigate the union would not interfere with
monitor activities. Finally, the monitors thwarted
Hoffa’s move for a special union convention.
The Teamster probes by the Senate Select
Committee on Improper Practices in the Labor
or Management Field continued. Testimony
involved Harold Gibbons, an international vice
president and Hoffa’s executive assistant, in
alleged malfeasance in St. Louis Teamster
activities.
The AFL-CIO Executive Council at its regular
quarterly meeting in August ordered affiliates to
end all national agreements—formal and informal,
except “day-to-day relationships”—with the
Teamsters and other expelled unions. At the
time, the truckers union had such agreements
with the Machinists, Meat Cutters, Upholsterers,
Carpenters, Retail Clerks, Flight Engineers,
Laborers, Office Employes, and Operating Engi
neers. Only Joseph Curran, president of the
National Maritime Union, voted against the order,
but agreed to abide by it. He indicated he did not
believe the council order would prevent him from
participating in a forthcoming Conference on
Transportation Unity proposed by Hoffa. Correc
tive action was also taken against alleged irregu
larities by the Operating Engineers, Jewelry
Workers, Meat Cutters, Hotel and Restaurant
Workers, and Carpenter President Maurice Hutch
eson. In another development, Lawrence R.
Raftery, president of the Painters union, was
elected to the Council, succeeding James C.
Petrillo, retired head of the Musicians union.
m
IV
on August 28 signed a
welfare and pension fund disclosure bill to become
effective January 1, 1959. Administrators of all
employees’ welfare and pension funds (except
Federal and State government schemes and plans
covering less than 25 employees) are required to
submit detailed reports on their funds’ assets and
operations on request to plan beneficiaries, with
copies going to the Secretary of Labor for public
inspection. In signing the bill, President Eisen
hower commented that “it establishes a precedent
of Federal responsibility in this area [but] does
little else.”
In a Labor Day statement, the President further
emphasized his concern over the need for legal pro
tection for workers. He asked that the public, as
well as organized workers, be protected against
labor and management practices that “give rise to
lawlessness and harmful abuses of power.” In
other Labor Day statements, Secretary of Labor
James P. Mitchell said that the 17 million union
members “can no longer tolerate the dishonest
leaders who have taken dictatorial power in some
areas” ; AFL-CIO President George Meany
pledged that the Federation would purge itself of
corrupt elements.
P r e sid e n t E isen h o w er
2,300 Central California and Western
Nevada truckdrivers represented by the Teamsters
struck over wage demands in mid-August. The
California Trucking Association retaliated by or
dering a “lockout” affecting operations in 11
states. Another Teamster strike-lockout affected
68 supermarkets in Minneapolis.
In the New York City area, about 8,000 Team
ster represented drivers employed by members of
the Empire State Highway Transportation Asso
ciation were awarded a 15-cent hourly wage in
crease and pension improvements costing 3-cents
an hour by the industry’s arbitrator in late
August.
Another transportation settlement gave about
17,000 unlicensed seamen, represented by the
Atlantic and Gulf District of the Seafarers’ In
ternational Ur ion, an 8-percent wage hike and
other contract improvements under a pact signed
by 60 companies.
The Plumbers union, representing 150,000
workers employed by members of the National
Constructors Association, and the association
agreed, in early September, to a 15-cent hourly
A bout
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
raise in minimum starting rates and to revised
hiring procedures. Under the new procedures,
devised to meet a National Labor Relations Board
crackdown on illegal closed-shop practices, em
ployers will no longer recognize the union as an
exclusive source of qualified and experienced
personnel.
The Amalgamated Lithographers of America
quit the AFL-CIO in late August because of juris
dictional matters, becoming the first union to vol
untarily disaffiliate from the Federation since
merger.
C o nvention n e w s : Carl J. Megel was reelected
president of the American Teachers Federation
after unexpectedly strong opposition which had
contended that the union’s organizing and bar
gaining efforts were inadequate. Delegates barred
reinstatement of an all-white Chattanooga local be
cause it “had refused to integrate,” but readmitted
four Negro locals, which had been suspended be
cause they were segregated. The American
Federation of Government Employees convention
called on Congress to adjust Federal whitecollar workers’ salaries annually, considering such
factors as cost-of-living changes and private in
dustry pay patterns. The Brotherhood of Main
tenance of Way Employes convention elected a
new president, Harold C. Crotty, and three new
vice presidents. The AFL-CIO affiliated Ameri
can Bakery and Confectionery Workers’ Union
held its first convention in mid-September. Dele
gates elected Daniel G. Conway president, adopted
a constitution, and were addressed by AFL-CIO
President George Meany.
AFL-CIO Vice Presidents George M. Harrison
and Jacob Potofsky addressed delegates to the
annual conference of the British Trade Union
Congress. Harrison told the convention that
peace would be constantly in danger until the
problem of the underprivileged “was solved.”
Potofsky urged the cooperation of free labor in
fighting and winning the “hearts and minds of
people in the uncommitted and less developed
areas.” The TUC delegates overwhelmingly re
jected a resolution banning British nuclear arms
production and opposing American bases on
British soil. Harrison and Potofsky went on to
Israel where they dedicated the William Green
Cultural Center in Haifa.
A Wage Award on the Alaska Railroad
E ditor ’s N ote .— A n arbitration award was made on Ju ly 15, affecting the wages of non-
operating employees of the Alaska Railroad, owned by the Federal Government and operated
under the auspices of the Department of the Interior.
This article is based on excerpts from the memorandums of the members of the Board}of
Arbitration commenting on the award. {In each case, the opening paragraphs have been
omitted without notation.) The chairman, Prof. Thomas W. Holland of George Washing
ton University, and W illiam H. Ryan, president of District Iff, International Association
of M achinists} concurred; M . W. Goding, of the Department of Interior, dissented.
Interest attaches to this award fo r at least three reasons. Wage arbitrations involving
the Federal Government and its employees are rare; the present instance is the first in the
history of the Alaska Railroad, and even though the award was subject to the approval of the
Secretary of Interior, in a practical sense even nonbinding arbitration is a limited surrender
of sovereignty. Secondly, at this time there is an avid seeking after information relating to
Alaska. Finally, as the memorandums bear out, the issues themselves and ih e premises from
which the parties argue them, constitute a provocative exercise in both logic and statistics,
and in the legerdemain of an ex parte pleading.
The Board’s Award
[Under the arbitration agreement between the
Alaska Railroad and the 5 unions representing the
employees] the question proposed to this Board of
Arbitration is as follows: "Shall the percentage
differential [in recognition of the higher cost of
living in Alaska than in the northwestern United
States] to be applied to the increases and cost-ofliving adjustments provided for in article I and
article II of the Alaska Railroad wage agreement,
effective November 1, 1956, be 25 percent or a
percentage in excess of 25 percent? It is under
stood that the Arbitration Board cannot award a
differential of less than 25 percent.” [The Board’s
award set the differential at 37 percent.]
The Chairman’s Opinion
The question put to the arbitrators is unambigu
ous. We are asked by the parties to this dispute
to decide whether the percentage differentials that
are to be added to the basic wage increases and to
the cost-of-living adjustments * * * shall be 25
percent or a percentage in excess of 25 percent.
*
*
*
*
*
The question being arbitrated is delusively
simple as it is stated in the arbitration agreement.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
We are asked to determine the amount of a differ
ential. Naturally enough, the first thing an arbi
trator wants to know is what kind of a differential.
What does it compare? Where do you look for it?
The question as it is submitted provides no clues.
The only direction the parties have given the
Board is not to go below 25 percent.
We are not required to look for the answer in
comparisons based on the present difference in
cost of living between the Alaska railbelt and other
parts of the United States, in appraisals of cost-ofliving trends between these areas, or in the rela
tionship between the wage level of the Alaska Rail
road and the Northern Pacific [Railway]. On the
other hand, we are not precluded from giving any
of these measuring devices, or any combination of
them, the value we think they are worth in answer
ing the question put to us.
*
*
*
*
*
Despite the wide latitude of judgment given the
Arbitration Board, we are by no means in a posi
tion to free-wheel. The frame of reference and
the content of the differential is something that
1
Mr. Ryan represented, in addition to his own union, the Order of Rail
road Telegraphers, the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America, the
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Black
smiths, Forgers and Helpers, and the American Federation of Government
Employees.
965
966
comes from the parties themselves and we are
bound by what appears within the four corners of
the record.
* * * Only one reason exists for the differential
and that is to keep the traditionally higher living
costs in Alaska from reducing the purchasing
power of wage improvements that railroad workers
in other parts of the United States have been able
to secure. * * *
dhe differential is a device for establishing [a]
parity which takes living costs in Seattle as one
base point and the railbelt cities as the other. The
practice on the Alaska Railroad is to adopt the
basic wage settlements made on the Northern
Pacific Railway with an additional amount judged
necessary to keep the purchasing power of the in
creases on a par in Alaska with what it would be
in Seattle. Despite all the controversy in the
present effort to establish a parity for the 1956-58
increases, I don’t believe that anybody who took
part in the hearing saw the differential as anything
but a device to preserve an equitable purchasingpower relationship.
*
*
*
*
*
The Railroad position is that the award should
not go above 25 percent. And this figure is
thought to be too high. Several expressions of the
Railroad position on the differential are found in
the transcript. Mr. Fitch said: “We feel that
even without the 25-percent differential which we
were forced to agree to before we entered this
arbitration, those wages are perfectly fair and
reasonable in relation to living costs. With the
25-percent differential which an arbitrator must
give you, we think they are even more than fair”
(384 2). Elsewhere in the record, Mr. Fitch em
phasizes the nature of the differential. He warns
against confusing the level of living costs in a
place with a comparison of the relative levels as
between places. His position is that “over the
last 10 years, prices in Alaska have risen, that’s
true, along with the inflation that has taken place
in the United States, but prices in the United
States have risen faster. The net result of that is
a decline in the differential at the end of the period,
as of now, over the size of the differential back in
1945 and 1951” (243).
*
*
*
*
*
Mr. Barnes in his final summary called attention
to Railroad exhibit 57 as an extremely significant
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
comparison. This exhibit gives a compilation on
a weighted average basis of the differential be
tween wage rates on the Northern Pacific Railway
and the Alaska Railroad for several selected occu
pations. Just prior to the November 1, 1956,
wage increases, these occupations on the Alaska
Railroad averaged 46.3 percent more than the pay
for the same kind of work on the Northern Pacific.
The same comparison for May 1, 1958, including
the 25-percent differential on the basic wage in
creases, would come to 44.7 percent. And on
November 1, 1958, it will be 43.6 percent.
*
*
*
*
*
In summing up the Railroad position the last
day of the hearing, Mr. Barnes emphasized that
we must be concerned with differentials rather
than with the cost of living; and that what we
are talking about is the relationship between prices
in the Alaska railbelt and prices in Seattle. Tak
ing account of all the evidence in the record, Mr.
Barnes urged the Board to recognize that “even
the 25 percent would be excessive, in the sense
that it would give an overall differential which
would be completely unreasonable in terms of the
relationship or the trend of the differential be
tween the stateside prices and those in Alaska”
(543).
The Railroad has documented its position in
many pages of the record. Mr. Fitch gives us a
picture of increasing population in Alaska which
has increased the extent of the market. “The
effect of all this has been to tremendously increase
competition in Alaska. It has meant that super
markets are characteristic features of Anchorage
and Fairbanks” (248). Wholesaling is now pos
sible, bringing “better prices in comparison to
Seattle prices for the people who buv in Alaska”
(250). * * *
*
*
*
*
*
The position of the unions is narrower in scope
than the case presented by the Railroad. Cost-ofliving surveys are used by the Railroad principally
to support the claim that the differential between
Alaska and Seattle consumer prices has narrowed
in recent years. The 25-percent figure, although
below the current cost-of-living differential, is
supported on the theory that the wage structure
2
The reference here, as well as at subsequent points, is to the page of the
transcript of the hearings on which the statement appears.
967
A WAGE AWARD ON THE ALASKA RAILROAD
already contains an adequate amount to compen
sate for the difference between Alaska railbelt and
Seattle consumer prices. The unions, on the
other hand, rely on one of the cost-of-living sur
veys. This shows a high differential in current
consumer prices for the railbelt compared with
Seattle. The Board is urged to find the answer
in this survey. Mr. Oliver summed up this ap
proach: “But such studies have been made within
the last 2 years that will permit us to present to
this Board what we consider to be a very de
pendable and accurate measurement of the varia
tion. These figures will show—I think I have
indicated—that the cost of living in Alaska now
is something more than 60 percent higher, on the
average, [at] the two major points served by the
Alaska Railroad, where those employees live, than
in the city of Seattle’' (15).
* * * The survey here was made under the
direction of the State Department for the Civil
Service Commission. * * * Comparisons are
made on the basis of cost of living in Washington,
D. C. The idea is to permit the employee abroad
to preserve a Washington, D. C., standard of
living. The union economists have translated the
comparison into Seattle figures from Bureau of
Labor Statistics data. This shows an average
differential as between Anchorage and Fairbanks,
on the one hand, and Seattle, on the other, of 165.1
percent for the latest survey, the one of October
1957. The 1956 result was 157 percent, and for
1955, 155.5 percent.
*
*
*
*
*
Railroad witnesses have taken a vigorous stand
against giving full credence to the results and the
methods used in the State Department survey
insofar as Alaska is concerned. * * * I will
shorten what might be a long story by saying that
I regard the Ward index [which is described subse
quently] as better adapted to guide the Board in
this arbitration case. This is solely a judgment on
the comparative utility of the two surveys in
helping solve the particular problem of this case.
No judgment on State Department survey meth
odology and analysis is intended.
However, I am unable to dismiss the State
Department survey as having nothing whatever
to contribute to our appraisal of the evidence. Its
auspices and endorsement by Government agencies
cannot be overlooked. * * * If nothing more,
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
the State Department survey raises a caution
against accepting without reservation the theory
that the differential trend is steadily on the decline.
The Ward index of consumer prices was pre
pared in 1956 and 1957 for the Alaska Resource
Development Board. * * * The union spokes
man found faults in the Ward index, but, on the
whole, the criticism was in somewhat muted tones.
Table X II in the Ward report shows a differential
in consumer prices over Seattle of 133.6 percent
for Anchorage and 150 percent for Fairbanks.
This is the comparison for 1957. The other year
the index was published, 1956, shows the differen
tial to have been 138.1 percent for Anchorage and
153.5 percent for Fairbanks.
*
*
*
*
*
Railroad exhibit 34 provides a differential figure
from the Ward study for 1957, but weighted
according to the location of the Alaska Railroad
employees along the line. This brings the average
differential to 35.2 percent for the whole railbelt.
I think this method of reconciling the spread due
to location within the railbelt is more realistic
than taking a simple average. The large majority
of the employees are in Anchorage or are influenced
by Anchorage prices.
The position of the Railroad is that the Ward
index differential is a fairly close approximation
of the actual difference between the railbelt and
Seattle, but this is not the answer that should be
given to the question before the Board.
The widest possible perspective on the factors
influencing the differential is preferable to an
approach based on past formulas or particular
kinds of statistical measures. The test should not
be the type or source of the information but rather
its value in illuminating the way toward a proper
differential. The nature of the differential is such
that the real relationship must inevitably be in a
constant state of flux. This should be a warning
against too much emphasis being given to past
settlements, such as 44 or 25 percent. In this
connection, I hope the figure I offer—37 percent—■
will not become enshrined. * * *
*
*
*
*
*
I am not able to find sufficient justification in
the record to support an award of a 60-percent
differential. This figure appears too high in the
light of a substantial amount of evidence from
various sources. * * *
968
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
*
*
*
*
*
Evidently the 25-percent figure has achieved
importance as a benchmark figure. However, it
is not exclusive. A differential figure used for
Railroad wages has also been 44 percent during the
past 7 or 8 years. This measure was derived from
the last BLS survey, of 1951.
*
*
*
*
*
The 25-percent differential is not derived from
any cost-of-living survey. It does not purport to
be a measure based on statistics. The Railroad
recognizes that the current differential is higher
but urges the Board not to go above 25 percent
because Alaska Railroad wage rates incorporate
enough differential allowance from past adjust
ments to more than make up for any difference
between 25 percent and the Ward index.
If the Railroad case had spelled out this theory
with a reasonable amount of evidence, I could
possibly have adopted it as a justification for not
awarding more than 25 percent. After all, there
is no justification whatever for a differential of
the kind we are considering here except that it
compensates for the difference in purchasing power
between the railbelt and Seattle. The policy is
that an extra amount will be added to the stateside
increases but it would, to my way of thinking, be
economically unsound and morally indefensible to
give more than the situation calls for. But the
trouble I find with the Railroad case is that it asks
us to take too much on faith alone.
I think the record makes quite an impressive
showing th a t basic economic factors are producing
lower consumer prices, especially in Anchorage.
The principal evidence to the contrary is, of
course, the State D epartm ent survey. Some of
the advertised prices lead me to wonder whether
a person couldn’t live in Anchorage about as
cheaply as in other parts of the United States.
The testim ony of M r. Jones on the price equality
of numerous items was quite an eye opener.
These things may very likely be true, but I have
difficulty with the translation of this sort of evi
dence into the proposition that the differential
should necessarily be fixed at 25 percent. Some
of the statistical material in the record suggests a
declining differential but the evidence is pretty
definite that the actual differential is not yet down
to the 25-percent mark. As I interpret the Rail
road position, the answer is that as differentials
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
have been going down, especially since 1951, the
additions to the stateside wage agreements to com
pensate for higher Alaska consumer prices have
been more than adequate as an offset. We are
asked to allow for this development in weighing
the adequacy of the 25-percent figure.
Under any circumstances, it is no simple matter
to isolate any part of a wage structure as compen
sation for any particular thing. Many elements
go into the fashioning of a wage structure. Even
here, where we are talking about 44- and 25percent differentials, the Railroad and the unions
have not applied them always uniformly as de
vices to components for the different purchasing
power of the increases. Perhaps a certain amount
of the differential has gone into correcting inequi
ties. In any event, this approach suggested by
the Railroad requires careful analysis and isolation
of the element alleged to be compensation for the
differential.
Nothing has been offered to sustain this posi
tion but the evidence of the growing difference
between Alaska Railroad and Northern Pacific
rates. Perhaps it is a fact that this widening gap
is mostly due to an allowance for difference in
purchasing power but, if the Railroad wishes to
have the Board adopt its theory, something more
than the broad generalization adduced is required.
I am not rejecting the theory but rather the act of
faith that would be necessary if we were to adopt
it on the basis of the record.
In conclusion, I have proposed a differential of
37 percent because it appears to be a more definite
reflection of the current situation than either the
unions or the Railroad showed through their evi
dence and arguments. This is the figure given by
the Ward index for 1957 weighted in accordance
with the location of the railbelt employees. * * *
This is not an exact estimate and it was suggested
at the hearing that some allowance might be made,
possibly 10 percent. I have raised the 35.2 per
cent figure derived from the Ward index by 5 per
cent to give some recognition to the possibility
that the higher level indicated by the State De
partment survey might in fact exist.
The Union Member’s Opinion
The evidence shows that, in the past, the parties
have accepted the studies of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics—made in 1945 and in 1951—as the
969
A WAGE AWARD ON THE ALASKA RAILROAD
basis of the accepted wage differential. Between
1951 and early 1957, there was no information
available—either official or unofficial. As a con
sequence, the parties—working in the dark, but
guessing that the cost-of-living difference may have
declined—applied a wage settlement in 1955 on a
basis of 25 percent. In early 1957, new studies of
the cost-of-living difference became available in
reports of the State Department made in the fall
of 1955 and 1956. A similar study by the same
agency was published in early 1958, covering the
fall of 1957. * * *
Representatives of the Alaska Railroad refused
to accept this index of cost-of-living difference as
valid, basing its position on a contention that the
State Department used somewhat different
methods than those used by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in 1945 and 1951.
The evidence shows that this index is compiled
by the State Department in cooperation with other
Government agencies in Alaska and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics in Washington. The weighting
system used was that devised by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics for Federal workers in Washing
ton, D. C. The index is accepted by the Civil
Service Commission and is used by that agency as
the basis for cost-of-living differentials paid classi
fied employees in Alaska, Puerto Rico, and other
territories. * * *
This evidence conclusively supports an award of
approximately a 60-percent differential, as re
quested by the employees. The cost-of-living dif
ference between the Alaskan cities and Seattle in
1951 (as shown by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
study) was 44 percent. The State Department
study for 1955 showed a differential cost of living
over Seattle of 55.5 percent, indicating an increase
in the relative between 1951 and 1955. Another
cost-of-living study (the Ward study, which was
offered by the Railroad) also indicated a rise in
the differential above the 1951 level to approxi
mately 47 percent in 1956. The State Depart
ment studies for 1956 and 1957 confirmed and ex
tended this upward trend—showing relatives of
57.0 and 65.1 for those 2 years, respectively. The
consistency in 1956 and 1957 of the upward trend
in the differential is an impressive corroboration
of the change apparent between 1951 and 1955.
It is probable, however, that it would not be wise
to vary the wage differential with every change
in the relative cost of living over short periods;
476551—58----- 2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
therefore, the 60-percent figure, as a reasonable
mean of the figures for the period covered by the
wage contract, would seem appropriate.
B ut the Alaska Railroad has declined to use this
index and has offered in its place an index com
piled by a private agency—the W ard Associates
of Seattle, Wash. * * * There is serious doubt
as to the validity of this index, since there was
adm ittedly a drastic change made in the method
of its compilation between 1956 and 1957, and
there were quite apparently errors made in the
computation of the 1957 data. * * *
In spite of these facts which were clearly demon
strated in the proceeding, the chairman accepted
the 1957 W ard study as the basis of his award—
the lowest possible figure available, and the least
reliable. He also compounded his error in ac
cepting this study by weighting it in accordance
with the method suggested by the Railroad in the
proceeding, which placed everyone a t the low
Anchorage differential except those employed in
Fairbanks. * * *
The Railroad took the position in this proceeding
that the Board should extend its jurisdiction so as
to do something about past differentials at this
time. It claimed that the existing differentials in
wage levels are in the neighborhood of 44 percent
and above and that, since the Board found a 37percent differential justified from present cost-ofliving information, a reduction in the 44-percent
figure was in order. This would have been out
side the frame of reference of this proceeding.
* * * The Ward study for 1957—which was dem
onstrated in the course of the hearing to be the
least reliable information available—justified a 42percent differential on an unweighted basis (the
basis always used by the parties in the past), and
a 35-percent differential on the weighted basis used
by the chairman. Had any other standard been
selected on the principle urged by the Railroad,
the employees very properly could have argued for
a much larger increase to raise existing differentials
to an appropriate level. Such a request was
clearly beyond the authority of the Arbitration
Board, and it was not made by the employees.
The Railroad’s Dissent
* * * The decision reached is grounded on a
fundamental misconception of the real issue in
volved. This misconception is perhaps best ex-
9YO
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
pressed in the chairman’s memorandum wherein
he says: “Only one reason exists for the differential
and that is to keep the traditionally higher living
costs in Alaska from reducing the purchasing
power of wage improvements that railroad workers
in other parts of the United States have been able
to secure.” (Italics supplied.) The same miscon
ception (together with a related error of fact) is
restated in the next paragraph in which he says:
“The practice on the Alaska Railroad is to adopt
the basic wage settlements made on the Northern
Pacific Railway with an additional amount judged
necessary to keep the purchasing power of the in
creases on a par in Alaska with what it would be
in Seattle.” (Italics supplied.)
* * * The “four corners of the record” fail to
provide any evidence that Alaska Railroad past
practice was to equate the purchasing power of
Northern Pacific and Alaska Railroad wage in
creases, as opposed to overall wage rates. There is
no citation to support the chairman’s conclusion,
while the transcript is replete with contrary refer
ences from union and Railroad testimony. * * *
*
*
*
*
*
The most compellingly un con tro verted fact “in
the four corners of the record” is that both parties
in the proceeding adhered to the position that the
purpose of any differential in wage rates in Alaska
is to maintain for Alaska Railroad employees a
reasonably equitable relationship in purchasing
power or standard of living with employees of the
Northern Pacific Railway in the Pacific North
west. This policy, adhered to by both parties, is
expressed in the so-called “Wheeler letter” of
April 3, 1951, which was introduced as union ex
hibit 1 and described in testimony by both parties.
The exact expression of the policy is:
(1) That the wage rates payable to the employees of the
Northern Pacific Railway constitute a fair and equitable
pattern to be used as the basis for determining wage rates
of employees on the Alaska Railroad.
(2) That Alaska Railroad employees should receive,
over and above the basic rates for comparable occupations
on the Northern Pacific Railway, a differential which
should (a) fairly reflect the differences in living cost be
tween the Pacific Northwest area of the United States
and Alaska, and (b) give due regard for any conditions
peculiar to Alaska.
*
*
*
*
*
This wage policy statement does provide in
par. 2 (b) that “conditions peculiar to Alaska”
can justify variations from the Northern Pacific
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
wage pattern. However, there was no contention
in these proceedings that such conditions are
involved in the present case or were involved in
preceding wage settlements. * * *
* * *
principle of the Wheeler letter,
namely, that Alaska Railroad wage rates (not wage
increases) should exceed Northern Pacific Railway
wages (not wage increases) by an amount which
should “fairly reflect the differences in living costs
between the Pacific Northwest area of the United
States and Alaska,” was applied not only in 1951
but in every wage settlement since 1951 with one
exception and that exception is the majority award
of the Board in this case.
*
*
*
*
*
Most important to these proceedings is union
counsel’s insistence that the cost-of-living principle
of the Wheeler letter applies to the present arbitra
tion. * * *
The Railroad contention that the payment of
any differential on current increases should be
considered and justified in light of the total wage
in order to maintain the standards stated in the
Wheeler letter was stated explicitly, and restated
again and again. It was repeatedly confirmed
by the union spokesmen. It is fair to state that
issue was not joined on the question of a contra
dictory standard of application.
*
*
*
*
*
The only way the standard expressed in the
Wheeler letter can be applied is to treat successive
current wage adjustments (as to application of
differentials) so that the resulting total wage fits
the standard. * * *
As long as the cost-of-living differential con
tinues the same, the standards of the Wheeler
letter are met by applying the cost-of-living differ
ential to current increases and this explains the
wage changes on the Alaska Railroad after 1948
which reflected the direct application of the costof-living differential to wage increases. But if the
cost-of-living differential changes, the only way
that the standard of the Wheeler letter can be met is
by applying percentages to current increases which
are greater than the cost-of-living differential if the
latter has increased, and are less than the cost-ofliving differential i f the latter has declined. This
was the substance of the Railroad’s case and this
was the justification for the 25-percent, settlements
A WAGE AWARD ON THE ALASKA RAILROAD
which preceded the present award (188-189). It
is possible that, in the case of an extreme decline
in the Alaska cost-of-living differential, an Alaska
Railroad increase following a Northern Pacific
or national railroad increase would not justifiably
be as much as in the States.
To demonstrate the inherent inequity of the
chairman’s formula and its destruction of the
wage standards of the Wheeler letter, it is only
necessary to apply it on the assumption that the
cost-of-living differential has declined to zero.
The award formula would then require that Alaska
Railroad employees receive exactly the wage
increases obtained by employees of the Northern
Pacific. This would be “purchasing power
parity” for “wage improvements.” The chair
man’s formula would thus retain in the wage
structure the amount (not the percentage) of all
the cost-of-living differentials of preceding wage
settlements when time and economics had made
unnecessary any cost-of-living differential at all.
If the cost-of-living differential was in reality
60 percent, as the unions claimed in this case, the
application of the chairman’s formula would
produce equally unreasonable results from the
standpoint of the employees.
In a very real sense, the chairman stands alone
in his misconception, for the unions offered no
evidence in support of his premise. True, counsel
for the unions, after the hearings were almost over,
asked (in union exhibit 29) for a direct application
of the cost-of-living differential to stateside rail
road wage increases. But never once in the entire
record did the unions argue that this formula
either followed past wage policy and practices, nor
did they contend that this formula would produce
Alaska Railroad wage rates which “fairly reflect
the differences in living costs between the Pacific
Northwest areas of the United States and Alaska.”
Only in the [closing portion] of his memorandum
does the chairman address himself to the merits of
the Railroad’s case. * * *
First let us assume that the chairman has ac
cepted the Railroad’s contention that the dif
ferential in wages is solely due to an allowance
for higher living costs. He still could not have
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
971
awarded less than a 37-percent differential unless
he abandoned his theory of maintaining the
purchasing power parity of wage increases and
accepted the cost-of-living wage standard of the
Wheeler letter. This the chairman refused to do.
The minutes of the meeting of the Arbitration
Board for July 2 contain the following:
Mr. Goding submitted the following motion which was
not accepted: That we agree that the only way by which
the questions for arbitration can be answered is in terms of
the policy (agreed to by both parties in the proceeding)
that the overall relationship with the Northern Pacific
rates be maintained on basis of best evidence on cost-ofliving differential (Wheeler letter).
The chairman rejected this motion without a
vote. If this had been put to a vote, the union
member of the Board would have had the al
ternatives of agreeing with me or repudiating the
union position in support of the principle of the
Wheeler letter.
This is by no means the whole story of the chair
man’s dismissal of the basic foundation of the
Railroad case. He goes on to comment on the
Railroad’s position as follows:
Nothing has been offered to sustain this position but
the evidence of the growing difference between Alaska
Railroad and Northern Pacific rates. * * *
It is quite true that Railroad witnesses thought
the point so obvious as to require little under
lining. When union counsel insisted (19) * * *
that what he wanted (and what the unions had in
the past obtained) was Alaska Railroad wage
rates “as much greater than those on the chosen
American railroad, as the cost-of-living in Alaska
is greater than that at the controlling point on the
Northern Pacific Railway,” it would not have been
unreasonable to assume that the wage differentials,
whatever they were, were properly attributed to
the higher living costs of Alaska. If the unions
had thought that they were being deprived of an
adequate cost-of-living differential because part
of the wage differential was attributable to other
causes, it is not unreasonable to assume that union
witnesses would have so testified. There is no
such testimony in the record.
We need not, however, depend on such negative
evidence. Let us look at the record.
* * * Witness Shelmerdine painstakingly an
alyzed Secretarial Order No. 2424 of May 1, 1948
(Alaska Railroad exhibit 10), which was the
beginning of the Railroad’s present system of cost-
972
of-living differentials. He pointed out (160)
that unions and management agreed to 45 percent,
derived from Department of Labor studies, as a
fair measure of the cost-of-living differential.
They agreed further that Alaska Railroad rates
should exceed Northern Pacific rates by an amount
which should reflect this higher living cost. But
there was dispute over the method of application
of the 45-percent cost-of-living differential (160).
The unions wanted each Northern Pacific rate
increased by 45 percent. The Railroad refused
this proposal.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
proceedings, contained cost-of-living differentials
which consisted of the sum of the original $1,485
flat annual differential of 1948, an average 44
percent of 18.5 cents per hour in 1951, 44 percent
of subsequent escalator increases, 44 percent of
4 cents per hour in 1953, and an average 25 per
cent of 14.5 cents per hour in 1955. These costof-living settlements were responsible for the
wage differentials by occupation which existed
prior to these proceedings. * * *
*
*
*
*
*
The Railroad then offered a flat cost-of-living
differential of $1,350 per year over the Northern
Pacific annual wage for each occupation (161—
162). Finally, since no agreement could be
reached, the Secretary issued Order No. 2424,
which added 5 cents per hour to the Railroad’s
$1,350 annual cost-of-living differential (163).
In conjunction with this evidence, the fact
th a t the unions never claimed th a t any p art of
the difference in wage rates between the Alaska
Railroad and the N orthern Pacific was due to
factors other than cost of living becomes extremely
significant.
Thus the cost-of-living differential was originally
established in 1948 at about $1,485 per year over
Northern Pacific wage rates. * * *
*
*
*
*
*
* * * The chairman, in questions to witness
Shelmerdine (168), brought out the significance of
the 1951 wage agreement. The stateside increase
on which the agreement was based was 18.5 cents
per hour (12.5 cents basic plus 6 cents escalation
due by the time these negotiations took place).
The Railroad was willing to add to this increase a
cost-of-living differential of 44 percent. The non
operating unions accepted this differential, but on
an average basis. * * * A compromise between
flat and percentage cost-of-living differentials was
thus achieved. * * *
There was also an escalator clause in the 1951
agreement which added 44 percent to future
Northern Pacific escalation increases.
In 1953, the Secretary added to a 4-cents-perhour productivity increase a cost-of-living differ
ential of 44 percent (183-184).
In 1955, a 25-percent cost-of-living differential
was added to a national 14.5-cents-per-hour
increase. As in 1951, this differential, which
averaged 25 percent of 14.5 cents per hour, was
distributed on a variable basis (171).
* * * yypen the unions did not challenge the
Railroad interpretation of this evidence, and pro
duced no evidence as to any basis for wage differ
entials except cost of living, the chairman should
not have ignored it by suggesting that it did not
even exist.
Even without this demonstration as to the
primary cause of Alaska Railroad-Northern
Pacific wage differentials, the record does not
support the chairman’s award of 37 percent.
This 37 percent was, first and foremost, the chair
man’s appraisal of the cost-of-living differential
between the Alaska railbelt and Seattle. In this,
he followed the Ward index cost-of-living data
introduced by the Railroad, and rejected the Civil
Service Commission-State Department differen
tials introduced by the unions. The 37 percent
obviously represents a substantial reduction from
the 44-percent cost-of-living differential used in
conjunction with the wage standards of the
Wheeler letter in the wage agreement of 1951.
It follows necessarily that subsequent percent
age differentials applied to Northern Pacific wage
increases would have to be less than 37 percent in
order to produce Alaska Railroad wage rates
which would fairly reflect a cost-of-living differ
ential of 37 percent. * * *
There is still a third line of reasoning against
which the 37-percent award cannot stand, par-
I conclude from the above th at * * * the
Railroad proved th a t wage rates, prior to these
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
*
*
*
*
*
A WAGE AWARD ON THE ALASKA RAILROAD
ticularly as applied to the escalator clause wage
increases of article II of the current nonoperating
employee wage agreement. In [Railroad] ex
hibits 50 and 51, and at Transcript 351-355, the
railroad gave a convincing demonstration that
the escalation increases under the agreement of
1957 were windfall increases. This was true
because these increases resulted from a rise in the
cost of living in the States which was not dupli
cated in Alaska. Had it been possible to tie
Alaska Railroad escalation wage increases to
cost-of-living advances in the Anchorage-Fairbanks areas, nonoperating employees would have
received only a 1-cent escalation increase instead
of the 8 cents which they actually received under
the agreement in 1957.
The unions made no attempt to attack this
demonstration in cross-examination. In his mem
orandum, the chairman ignored it completely.
As a minimum, equity required the chairman not
to add a larger differential to these windfall
escalation increases which have been paid under
the present agreement. * * *
On the basis of the entire record, I believe that
the following findings and award, in contrast to
the majority finding of the Board, would have
constituted a fair and reasonable resolution of
this dispute.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
973
1. That the cost-of-living differential between
the Alaska railbelt and Seattle has appreciably
declined since 1951.
2. T hat an average of Anchorage and Fairbanks
cost-of-living differentials, weighted by the number
of employees in these or related areas, should be
used as a measure of the combined cost-of-living
differential.
3. That 37 percent fairly measures the cost-ofliving differential between the Alaska railbelt and
Seattle in the recent past. (I appreciate that I am
not in disagreement with the chairman on the
above three points.)
4. That the cost-of-living standards of the
Wheeler letter of April 3, 1951, should govern this
arbitration proceeding, and that these standards
require a purchasing-power parity of the total
wage and not merely the last increments of wage
increases.
5. That the wage increases already provided by
the nonoperating employee wage agreement have
resulted in a cost-of-living differential in Alaska
Railroad wage rates greater than required by the
37-percent cost-of-living differential.
6. That, under these circumstances, any wage
increases above those provided by the applicable
wage and arbitration agreements are economically
unsound.
Seamen and the
International
Labor Organization
J o se ph P . G o ld ber g *
T h e maritime transport industry, inherently
international, has become the prototype of joint
international action. In the labor field, no less
than in the economic and legal spheres, interna
tional action has been characteristic. The Inter
national Labor Organization (ILO), almost from
its inception in 1919, has been intimately asso
ciated with international concern for the working
conditions and welfare of seamen. Continuing
seafaring problems and new developments have
been aired at the periodic maritime conferences of
the ILO. The agreements reached at these con
ferences^—in the form of conventions (even those
unratified), recommendations, and resolutions 1—have had widespread influence on collective bar
gaining and legislation in ILO member countries.
They have contributed to the strengthening of
union as well as employer organization, the im
provement of labor-management relations, and
the betterment of conditions for seamen through
out the world, particularly during the past decade.
The most recent conference—the 41st (Maritime)
Conference, held in April and May of 1958—is
indicative of the effective working relationships
which have been established between seafarers
and ship operators through the ILO.
directed at reducing competitive advantages aris
ing out of variations in wages and working con
ditions, and at providing an effective role for
collective bargaining.
Basis and Organization. The basis for ILO ac
tivity in this field rests both on its concern with
the improvement of the status of workers and with
the reduction or elimination of substandard work
ing conditions as the basis for international com
petitive advantage. The directly competitive
nature of the services provided by the ships of
m any nations has been accompanied by rate fixing
by ship operator conferences to avoid cutthroat
competition. The resultant similarities in reve
nues and the similarities in most of the operating
expenses on the same routes, have intensified con
cern with the remaining variable factors—the most
im portant of which are the initial cost and upkeep
of ships and the pay and the maintenance of the
crew, both determined by national conditions.
Those variable factors have enhanced the competi
tive advantage of shipping operations in countries
with lower wages and working conditions, particu
larly in periods of reduced international trade.
Separate treatment of seafaring matters has
been provided through the ILO at the urging of
representatives of the shipowners and the seamen.
Of the 42 sessions of the International Labor Con
ference, 7 have been restricted to maritime mat
ters. The 2d International Labor Conference in
1920 was the first of these special meetings; it
established a separate organization, the Joint
Maritime Commission, to permit shipowners and
seafarers a prior opportunity to deal with shipping
matters coming up for ILO consideration.2 These
arrangements have persisted with some modifica
tions over the years. Other ILO sessions devoted
exclusively to maritime matters have been held in
1926, 1929, 1936 (two), 1946, and 1958.
Early ILO Activity
The ILO, although itself a tripartite organiza
tion, established the Joint M aritim e Commission
Seafaring conditions applicable to ships, sea
men, and trade have traditionally been closely
regulated by extensive legal arrangements, both
national and international. Activity by the In te r
national Labor Organization in this field is, in a
sense, therefore a continuation of the time-honored
efforts to protect the rights of seamen while m ain
taining freedom of the seas. These efforts have
also included innovations under ILO auspices
‘ Special Assistant to the Commissioner of Labor Statistics.
1
Both ILO conventions and recommendations set forth recommended
standards for consideration by member governments. Conventions require
ILO members to consider formal ratification whereas recommendations are
not subject to the ratification procedure. The ILO constitution, in specific
recognition that countries with federal forms of government may find it
inappropriate to consider the ratification of certain ILO conventions, permits
such countries to give the same kind of consideration to conventions deter
mined to be not wholly federal as is given to a recommendation. Reports are
requested from member countries on domestic law and practice with regard to
the matters dealt with in both, however.
1
See Improvement of Labor Conditions on Ships by International Action
(in M onthly Labor Review May 1936, pp. 1181-1203).
974
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
975
SEAMEN AND THE ILO
as a bipartite body of shipowners and seafarers.
This permanent body meets fairly regularly during
the extended intervals between maritime sessions
of the International Labor Conference. The mem
bership of the Commission has grown over the
years to accommodate the growing number of
countries with maritime interests. Particularly
prominent in the membership of the Commission
have been seafaring members of the International
Transportworkers’ Federation and shipowner
members of the International Shipping Federation.
Procedurally, maritime matters are referred to the
Joint Maritime Commission for recommendation
prior to consideration by the Governing Body of
the ILO, which makes decisions regarding appro
priate action, including the scheduling of maritime
sessions of the International Labor Conference.3
Accommodations in the workings and organiza
tion of the Commission in recent years have
apparently met the criticisms expressed some years
ago regarding the bipartite structure. At and
following the 1946 Conference, the seafarers’ repre
sentatives supported a tripartite organization.
The shipowners opposed any change on the
grounds that any agreement would be precluded
between seamen and shipowners as soon as gov
ernment participation was permitted, for it would
make “the employers and the workers advocates
instead of negotiators.” 4 The controversy has
been resolved satisfactorily by agreement that the
Commission would convene tripartite subcom
mittees on an ad hoc basis on matters in which
governments had a particular interest, such as the
progress of ratification of conventions and techni
cal matters subject to government regulation.5
Evidence of the successful resolution of this con
troversy was provided at the recent conference, at
which consideration of a Soviet-supported resolu
tion to make the Commission a tripartite body was
rejected overwhelmingly.6
3 For description of ILO organization and procedures, see W. S. and E. S.
Woytinsky, World Commerce and Governments (New York, Twentieth
Century Fund, 1955), pp. 783-789.
4 International Labor Conference, Record of Proceedings, 28th Session,
Seattle, 1946, pp. 123-126.
3
International Labor Office, Report of the Director-General, International
Labor Conference, 41st Session, 1957, p. 27.
6 The resolution was submitted by the delegate of the French seafarers’
union affiliated with the Communist-dominated General Confederation of
Labor and supported by the Soviet bloc.
i
The post-World War II period was one in which the merchant marines
of the Allied Nations had to be converted to peacetime use, and there was
substantial concern over the disposition by the United States of its tremen
dous war-constructed fleet. Under the policies established by the Ship Sales
Act of 1946, a great part of the U. S. merchant fleet was sold to both domestic
and foreign ship operators, while the remainder was retired.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Up to the time of the 4th maritime session, in
1936, the ILO dealt successfully with matters re
lating to aspects of the seaman’s physical working
conditions on board ship and his welfare in port.
Agreements were reached on appropriate condi
tions in regard to occupational qualifications,
health, safety at sea, and the alleviation of
arduous working conditions. However, there was
little in the way of achievement on economic
matters such as wages and fringe benefits.
The conventions adopted from 1920 to 1926
have been ratified and applied on an average by
almost 30 countries, including most of the countries
with sizable merchant marines. They provide
that no one may be employed at sea under the age
of 14 (later raised to 15), and that all persons under
18 must produce a medical certificate before being
signed on. No one under the age of 18 may be
signed on for the arduous job of trimmer or stoker.
International rules are laid down for the content
and method of signing seamen’s articles (contracts
of employment) so as to provide protection against
unfair pressure and exploitation. The other con
vention guarantees that seamen will be brought
back free of charge to their own country if landed
abroad because of illness, injury, or shipwreck, and
that in the case of shipwreck the owner must pay
every seafarer an allowance for the period (up to
2 months) when he is unemployed as a result of
the loss of his ship.
Depression conditions of the 1930’s made their
mark on the conventions adopted at the 1936
sessions, and economic issues were prominent on
the agenda. These included sickness insurance,
minimum obligations of owners for sick or injured
seafarers, minimum requirements of officers’ certifi
cates of competency, provided an annual vacation
with pay for seafarers, and fixed maximum hours
of work at sea and minimum manning scales for
seagoing vessels. The average number of coun
tries ratifying these conventions is approximately
10; the United States has ratified all but the one
relating to sickness insurance.
The 1946 Conference
The objective of providing rewards to seamen for
their service during wartime was prominent in the
considerations of the ILO Maritime Conference
in 1946 in Seattle at which several notable develop
ments occurred.7 The first was the adoption of a
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
976
convention on wages, hours, and manning which,
for the first time, provided for a minimum wage.
The second, in recognition of collective bargaining
practice, involved provision for ratification of the
conventions on wages, hours, and manning and on
vacations with pay by application of the terms
set by collective agreement as an alternative to
legislative enactment. On such major conven
tions affecting the economics of the maritime in
dustry as wages, hours, and manning and vaca
tions, effectuation was conditioned on ratification
by major maritime countries by the requirement
of ratification by a minimum number of specified
countries, and a minimum amount of tonnage.
The 1946 Conference adopted 9 conventions.
The most important was Convention No. 76, relat
ing to wages, hours, and manning. This conven
tion fixed a minimum wage of £16 or $64 a month
for able seamen. Although this minimum was
recognized as far below levels in the United States
and far below the levels sought after by seamen
generally, it exceeded the wages in effect for many
seafarers in the world. This convention accepted
in principle the 8-hour day (48-hour week) in
oceangoing shipping ; it was to average 56 hours in
near-trade (coastal) shipping. Its manning provi
sions provided joint machinery to fix the manning
scale so as to prevent abuse and excessively
arduous work for all ship personnel. This con
vention received the support of government and
worker delegates, but was opposed by the ship
owner delegates.
The remaining 8 conventions dealt with the fol
lowing subjects: the area of sleeping space and the
structure and equipment of crew sleeping rooms,
mess rooms, and recreation spaces (No. 75);
standards for food and catering for ships’ crews
(No. 68); certification of ships’ cooks (No. 69);
social security for seafarers comparable to that of
shoreside workers (No. 70) ; pensions for sea
farers (No. 71); conditions for granting paid vaca
tions (No. 72) ; medical examination for seafarers
(No. 73) ; and requirements for obtaining able sea
men certification (No. 74). Ratifications on these
have averaged 8 to date; 5 of the 9 have entered
into force. In 1953, the United States ratified
Convention No. 74.
Developments Since 1946
The period since the end of World War II has
generally been one of favorable opportunities for
international shipping. The great growth in the
volume of trade has been accompanied by a great
Monthly cash wages1 of selected ships’ personnel, 1956
Country
Argentina______________________
Australia ______________________
Belgium _____________ ________
Denmark _____________________
Finland_______ _______________
France________________________
Germany (Federal Republic)_____
In d ia 12.'.. ____________________
Italy 14 . .
Japan___ ________ ___________
Netherlands__________________
Norway_______________________
Sweden________________ _______
United Kingdom _______________
United States___________________
National
currency
(basic
unit)
P e s o ____
Pound___
F r a n c .__
Crown___
M ark. .
Franc___
M ark____
Rupee___
L ira... __
Yen. ____
Florin___
Crown___
Crown..
Pound___
Dollar .. .
Second officers
In national
currency
u. s.
dollars
3,600
4 66.8.0
3 7,929
»951
148. 70
158.60
137.00
11 61, 650
' 560
13 600
1«82, 537
27,000
17 494. 30
181,037
29 852
176.10
133.33
126.00
132.00
75.00
130.00
145.18
164. 70
23 591.00
591.00
1 Unless otherwise specified, wages are rates in force for oceangoing drycargo vessels (excluding seniority increments where applicable) and overtime
pay.
2 Donkeymen, pumpmen, or stokers.
3 Second cook.
4 Cargo vessels, 4,000 to 6,000 gross registered tons (g. r. t.).
3 7,001 to 9,000 g. r. t.
6 Crew of more than 21 persons.
»3,500 to 5,000 g. r. t.
»Ships with 3-watch system.
8 Crew of 19 to 30 persons.
10 Crew of 19 to 25 persons.
11 Ships in long-distance trade (third zone—i. e., voyages outside the limits
of coastal shipping and beginning from ports of Metropolitan France or of
North Africa).
12 Wages include contingency and mine-risk allowances and Hz of Christ
mas bonus.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Able seamen
In national
currency
1.575
54.8.6
5,028
8 732. 50
22,050
» 27,840
320
130
51, 526
1812, 500
285
730
625
21 29.10.0
336.73
U. S.
dollars
Variable
122.00
100. 55
105. 50
95.85
79. 55
76.19
27.30
82.40
34. 75
75.00
102. 20
120.80
82. 60
336.73
Qualified engineroom
personnel2
In national
currency
1,600
56. 8. 6
6,051
8 764
22,550
11 32, 940
340
150
52,176
16, 500
309
824
650
21 32. 5.0
336. 73
U. S.
dollars
126.50
121.00
110.00
98.05
94.10
80. 95
31.50
83. 50
45.83
81.30
115.36
125.65
90.30
336. 73
Ship’s cooks
In national
currency
3 1,700
57'. 1.6
«7,005
9 843. 70
19 25,310
30,720
360
276
54. 381
22,500
360
19 819
29665
22 34.0.0
392.18
U. S.
dollars
Variable
127.80
140.10
121.50
110.05
87.75
85.71
57.95
87.00
62.50
94 72
116.06
128. 55
95.20
392.18
13 With superior certificate.
14 Wages include all allowances when engaged on board ship and the ship
is traveling abroad.
18 Ships of 4,500 to 7,500 g. r. t. in long-distance trade.
16 Ordinary seaman.
17 Ships above 6,000 g. r. t.
18 Class 5 ships (gross tonnage+horsepower from 7,000 to 9,499).
19 Crew up to 30 persons.
29 4,500 to 6,749 g. r. t.
21 £1 per month efficient service pay is added after 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th
year of service.
22 Crew of 20 persons.
23 Ships belonging to Class B (gross tonnage+horsepower 9,001 to 15,000
twin screw, 12,001 to 17,000 single screw).
Source: International Labor Conference, 41st Session, 1958, Report of the
Director-General, p. 15.
SEAMEN AND THE ILO
expansion in world shipping facilities among the
established maritime nations of the world. In
addition, there has been a great growth in the
tonnage registered in Liberia and Panama, which
have come to be referred to as “flags of con
venience. ’’ 8 Of lesser though growing importance
are the merchant fleets of some of the new nations
in the world, such as India, Pakistan, Israel, and
Indonesia. Political independence has been ac
companied by strivings for economic independence,
and a merchant marine is viewed as integral to the
achievement of this end.
The conditions of seamen haue improved with
the increased opportunities for shipping in the
postwar period. The provisions of the instru
ments adopted by ILO maritime conferences,
whether formally ratified or not, have had their
effect in this salutary climate. Wages have risen,
hours have been reduced, and collective bargain
ing has made its impression. The necessity for
overcoming shoreside occupational attractions has
had the effect of increasing the need for regular
izing maritime employment. Plans for such regu
larization have become more widespread, especially
in the United Kingdom, France, Japan, the
Netherlands, and Italy. Training arrangements
have also increased to meet the shortages which
have occurred. The ILO Director-General’s re
port to the 1958 Maritime Conference comment
ed upon improvements in crew accommodations
on board ship, in holidays with pay, in social
security, and in seamen’s welfare.
Although these improvements have been wide
spread, problems still remain. As the result of
year-to-year fluctuations in shipping, unemploy
ment has remained a continuing problem in parts
of Asia and of southern Europe, though less than
anticipated 10 years ago. The monthly minimum
wage level of £16 or $64 adopted in 1946, despite
8 The term has also been applied to registry in Honduras and Costa Rica.
Tonnage operated under registry by Liberia and Panama increased from less
than 1 million gross registered tons (g. r. t.), mostly Panamanian, in 1945 to
over 12.5 million g. r. t. in mid-1957, about 12 percent of the tonnage in exist
ence in the principal maritime countries. Of the approximately 7 million
tons under construction, 18 percent was scheduled under this registry.
8 The transfer of United States-owned vessels to such registry has been
the subject of congressional hearings. “ Reduced to its simplest form, the
testimony revealed that such transfers are for the purpose of avoiding the
higher costs of American seagoing labor, the high safety standards demanded
by American law, the higher rate of taxation on certain phases of steamship
operations exacted by the American treasury, and to avoid 50-percent duty
on any repairs performed in foreign shipyards, all of which are contributing
factors to the cost of operation under the American flag.” See Merchant
Marine Study and Investigation, 1950, Senate Committee on Interstate
and Foreign Commerce, (81st Cong., 1st and 2d sess.), p. 66.
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977
the widespread increases since then, remains a
sought after goal in a number of countries. (See
table.)
The Role oj the ILO. Since the 1946 Conference
in Seattle, only four countries, none of which was
a major maritime nation, have ratified Convention
No. 76 (wages, hours, and manning). Efforts by
the seafarers to make the convention more ratifiable resulted in comparatively minor changes,
including its redesignation as Convention No. 93,
but did not result in added ratifications. Seafarer
proposals to amend the convention to provide for
separability of the wage provision, in order to
permit ratification of the hours and manning
provisions, met with shipowner opposition. The
latter stressed the indivisibility of the various
sections of the convention, both in their operating
interrelationships and in their impact upon costs.
At the 1958 Maritime Conference, unanimous
agreement was reached on the addition of a
recommendation to the disputed convention.
The postwar technical assistance activities of
the ILO, specifically directed at meeting the
special problems which arise in certain areas, have
been particularly prominent in maritime activities.
The Asian Maritime Conference, held in Cejdon
in October 1953, followed the ILO’s investigations
into aspects of conditions of work of Asian sea
farers. The ILO was also important in the
negotiations which produced agreement among
five European nations bordering on the Rhine
concerning the coordination of financial relations
and seafarers benefits between the social security
institutions of the Rhine countries.
“Flags of Convenience.” The postwar years have
seen the great growth of fleets registered under the
flags of nations which previously had little or no
maritime operations. The term “flags of con
venience” has been applied to countries—Panama,
Liberia, Honduras, and Costa Rica—which permit
foreign owners to register ships under their flags,
allegedly to take advantage of tax benefits and
lower social and safety conditions than those
prevailing in other maritime nations.9 The ton
nage operated under the flags of Liberia and
Panama has placed these countries high among
the maritime nations of the world, and current
construction plans will enhance their position.
978
The flags of convenience development has been
a matter of primary concern to the International
Transport workers’ Federation since the end of the
war. The matter was discussed by the Joint
Maritime Commission in 1947, with the seafarers
charging that “spurious” transfers of ships to
flags of convenience were undermining the condi
tions of work of seafarers in the traditional mari
time countries. At this stage, the Commission
recommended that information be obtained on the
subject.
The ITF in 1948 proposed a boycott of ships
which had been transferred to the Panamanian
flag. The ITF alleged that many of the ships
thus transferred were obsolete, and that the
motive for such transfers was to evade taxation,
currency regulations, safety standards, and social
and labor standards. The Government of Panama
rejected the allegation, and requested the ILO
Governing Body to conduct an official inquiry into
the charges. A tripartite commission of inquiry
was appointed, and completed its work in Novem
ber 1949. The report was published after the
Government of Panama submitted its observations
to the ILO.10
The Governing Body of the ILO in June 1950
accepted the conclusions as valid only for the 30
ships (4 percent of the fleet) inspected, but did
not feel justified in drawing conclusions for the
Panamanian fleet as a whole. The Governing
Body also noted that Panama has “made an
earnest endeavor to improve conditions in its
merchant marine,” and that many new ships were
being registered under the Panama flag. It also
expressed the hope that the Government of Pan
ama would aid in promoting negotiations for
collective agreements between shipowners and
seafarers.
The continuing growth of the fleets under the
flags of convenience with the addition of newly
constructed modern and efficient ships, has now
added the concern of the governments of many
traditional maritime countries and of ship oper
ators to that of the seafarers.11 The widespread
implications of the trend have made it a subject of
consideration by other international groups, in
cluding the Maritime Transport Committee of
the Organization for European Economic Cooper
ation (OEEC) and the United Nations Conference
on the Law of the Sea. A recent OEEC committee
report stated that “there are two main motives
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
activating those shipowners who have adopted
the practice of registering under flags of con
venience, viz, opportunities for avoiding taxation
on the earnings of ships registered under these
flags and in some cases relief from high crew
standards and consequent high operating costs.”
Tax advantages have permitted operators under
flags of convenience to utilize funds for fleet
expansion and replacement which their competi
tors in other countries were required to set aside
for tax purposes. The report charged also that
flags of convenience operators avoid the cost of
training personnel by drawing on personnel of
other nations which have footed the training
bill.12
The growth of concern was also reflected in the
prominence given the question at the United
Nations Law of the Sea Conference which im
mediately preceded the 1958 ILO Maritime Con
ference. Among the matters agreed upon leading
toward an international code of maritime law
was one which was a development of the ITF
efforts to establish a “genuine link” between the
State registering ships and the ship flying its
flag. Among the conventions adopted was one
which (a) acknowledged the right of every State
to sail ships under its flag; (b) while acknowledging
the right of every State to fix the conditions for
the grant of its nationality to ships, stated that
“there must exist a genuine link between the
10 The report was published in 1950 under the title of “ Conditions in Ships
Flying the Panama Flag.” The commission made no attem pt to establish
the motives f rr which ships are transferred to the flag of Panama. It sought
to discover the facts regarding the IT F charge that transfer made possible
the imposition of conditions of safety and employment which fell below
recognized international or progressive national standards. The ships
investigated were those which happened to be in port when the investigators
were there. Some justification was found for the IT F charges that some of
the ships were obsolete, that there was room for evasion of safety standards
(although many ships maintained adequate standards “due mainly to the
owners’ sense of responsibility and not to strict supervision by the Panama
nian authorities”), and that the legislation of Panama concerning seafarers
was adequate, but needed consolidation and supplementation to insure
observance.
11 New York Times, April 13, 1958. At the 1956 Preparatory Technical
Maritime Conference, a seafarer group member stated that the situation had
shifted somewhat—from one of concern with substandard conditions “to
economic competition from new and efficient vessels free from the burden
of taxation and social charges applying to ships belonging to the traditional
maritime countries.” While substandard conditions persisted, they were
“less common than before.” But these were held to be only short-run im
provements, in the “complete absence of safeguards such as collective agree
ments or social legislation applicable to such ships. Above all, the lack of
proper administrative machinery made a mockery of such legislation as did
exist in these countries.” Record of the Preparatory Technical Maritime
Conference, London, Sept. 19-Oet. 2, 1956, p. 45.
12 Study on the Expansion of the Flags of Convenience Fleets and on Var
ious Aspects Thereof (Paris, Organization for European Economic Cooper
ation, 1958).
SEAMEN AND THE ILO
State and the ship—in particular, the State must
effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control
in administrative, technical, and social matters
over ships flying its flag” ; and (c) expressed the
obligation of the State to take measures to insure
safety at sea, including among others, the manning
of ships and labor conditions for crews, taking
into account the applicable international labor
instruments.
The 41st Maritime Conference
The matters under consideration at the 41st
Maritime Conference of the ILO in April-May
of 1958, reflected the scope of ILO activities in
this specialized field.13 In addition to consideration
of wages, hours, and manning, and flag registry,
the agenda included a number of items related
to day-to-day operational and welfare concerns
of seamen.
W a g e s , H o u r s , a n d M a n n i n g . The most signifi
cant result of the conference and its preparatory
meetings was the resolution of the impasse between
ship operators and seamen on the revision of Con
vention No. 93. Despite continued division on
the convention, unanimous agreement was reached
on an accompanying recommendation.14 Action
on every other matter was virtually unanimous,
with abstentions reported for some. The conis The United States delegation to the Conference was composed as follows:
G o v e r n m e n t — delegates: Albert C. Jacobs, Consultant to the Secretary of
Labor (chairman); Louis S. Rothschild, Under Secretary of Commerce;
adviser and substitute delegate: David H. Popper, Deputy U. S. Repre
sentative to International Organizations and American Consul General,
Geneva; advisers: Harry J. Gardner, Leo J. Gehrig, Joseph P. Goldberg,
Edward L. Keenan, Graham W. McGowan, William L. Morrison, M. K.
O’Sullivan, and George Tobias.
S h i p o w n e r s —delegate: Ralph E. Casey, President, American Merchant
Marine Institute, Inc.; advisers: Albert E. Benson, Edward S. Bischoff,
John E. Murphy, Maitland S. Pennington, Halert C. Shepheard, and Lyn
don Spencer.
Seafarers —delegate: John Hawk, Secretary-Treasurer, Seafarers’ Inter
national Union; advisers: Wesley A. Ferron, John M. Fox, Peter Henle,
Lane Kirkland, and R. D. Lurvey.
n See footnote 2. When it appeared, at the Preparatory Technical Mari
time Conference in 1956, that the rift over the revision would be carried to the
conference, avenues for agreement were sought. This was provided through
the efforts of a working party which met in Geneva in April 1957, and which
agreed on a draft recommendation. The working party met under the chair
manship of Sir Guildhaume Myrddin-Evans, then Chairman of the Govern
ing Body of the ILO. The chairman “did much to clear the atmosphere . . .
in a statement in which he expressed the view that a recommendation, when
accepted by a member State, is equally binding as a convention. He pointed
out the greater flexibility permitted in the case of a recommendation, which
can be adopted in whole or in part, or with reservations.” Report of the
United States Government Delegate to the Working Party on Wages, Hours
of Work and Manning, Geneva, ILO, 1957. Rocco C. Siciliano, then As
sistant Secretary of Labor, was the United States delegate to both the
Preparatory C onferenee and the Working Party.
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979
ference thus had before it 2 draft proposals—a
convention revising Convention No. 93, and a
recommendation in the form of “a further instru
ment.” The results of the conference were the
adoption of both instruments, substantially
unaltered.
The primary difference between the old and the
new convention (No. 109) is that the minimum
wage provisions may be excluded from any rati
fication which covers the hours and manning
provisions of the convention at the discretion of
the ratifying country. The new recommendation
is a relatively simple document which contains
analogous sections and similar, but not identical,
provisions to those of the convention. By elimi
nating the cumbersome features of the minimum
wage provisions of the convention, and through its
status as a recommendation, the controversial
issue of optional action on wages as permitted in
the convention is avoided.
While the new convention makes no change in
the international minimum wage standard set
for able seamen at £16 or $64 per month (except
that devaluation of the pound will require an
adjustment in this relationship), the recommenda
tion increases the minimum to £25 or $70. The
most significant advance appears in the section
on hours in the recommendation. For the first
time, the principle of the 8-hour day, and in effect
the 48-hour week, is laid down as applicable to
all departments, at sea and in port, on oceangoing
ships. It is also applicable to smaller vessels and
to those engaged on short voyages, with room for
flexibility in application in these instances (i. e.,
the averaging of the 8-hour day is permitted).
The new convention however, makes no change
in the hours-of-work provisions of Convention No.
93 as originally drafted in 1946.
“ F la g s o f C o n v e n ie n c e .” Two items on the agenda
of the conference were directly related to the
question of ships operating under so-called flags
of convenience. The conference adopted two
recommendations in regard to these.
The recommendation concerning “Social Con
ditions and Safety for Seafarers in Relation to
Registration of Ships” develops further the spe
cific responsibilities for social conditions laid
down more generally in the “genuine link”
principle of the convention adopted by the UN
Law of the Sea Conference. These governmental
980
obligations are promulgation of regulations: to
ensure observance of internationally accepted
safety standards; to provide for regular ship in
spection; to provide for government supervision
of signing on and off of seafarers; to “ensure or
satisfy itself” that its seafarers’ conditions are in
accord with standards generally accepted by the
traditional maritime countries; to assure freedom
of association to its seafarers; to ensure proper
repatriation to its seamen; and to ensure proper
arrangements for the issuance of certificates of
competency.
The recommendation concerning the “Engage
ment of Seafarers for Service in Vessels Registered
in a Foreign Country” calls on member nations to
to discourage seafarers from joining vessels
registered in a foreign country unless the condi
tions on these ships are “generally equivalent to
those applicable under collective agreements and
social standards accepted by bona fide organiza
tions of shipowners and seafarers of maritime
countries where such agreements and standards
are traditionally observed.” It calls specifically
for consideration of whether seamen are provided
with repatriation and with maintenance and
medical care when they are put ashore for con
ditions for which they were not responsible.
O th er A c tio n s . A convention providing for the
issuance of identity documents by a country to its
seafarers was adopted at the 1958 Conference. It
describes the contents of the document, and re
quires readmittance of the seamen by the issuing
country. The conditions under which the docu
ment will be accepted as a basis for entry by the
ILO member nations are also set forth.
Two recommendations relating to medical ques
tions were adopted. One on the contents of medi
cine chests on board ship requires that competent
authorities should issue regulations setting forth
the contents of medicine chests on shipboard, and
provides a minimum list of contents to be con
sidered in the determination of such regulations.
The other recommendation proposes the constant
availability of free medical advice by radio.
A resolution relating to jurisdiction over offi
cers’ competency certificates approved the gen
eral principle that a State which has issued a
competency certificate alone has the authority to
suspend it, and that another State ought not to
assert any right over such certificates within its
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
own jurisdiction unless the issuing State fails to
inquire into the necessity for taking action.
The Conference also adopted a number of reso
lutions pointing to those matters which will come
under consideration in the near future in regard to
seamen. These included further consideration of
shorter hours of work and seafarers’ welfare, study
of air conditioning of crews’ quarters and of man
ning standards currently in effect, as well as the
application of atomic power to shipping as it
concerns the safety of the crew.
The facility of the
participants in reaching agreement, unanimously
for the most part, was the outstanding feature of
the Conference. Unanimous agreement on the
recommendation establishing the principle of the
8-hour day for all departments emerged from
almost 40 years of disagreement on this matter.
The presence of the representatives of the Iron
Curtain countries for the first time at a maritime
conference produced a number of procedural
issues which warrant some mention. The ques
tion of seating employer members of the Sovietbloc nations as employer representatives on the
working committees came up at this conference as
it has at previous ordinary ILO conferences.15
The policy of seating these as deputy members of
the committees was adhered to, over the opposition
of the Employers’ Group.
In addition, the majority of the Workers’
Group, representing democractic and anti-Communist unions affiliated with the International
Transportworkers’ Federation, refused to seat
worker representatives from totalitarian coun
tries.16 Only after completion of most of the
work of the committees were the latter accorded
membership in order to “avoid damage to the
ILO, and also out of deference to the general
trade union movement which is fighting out the
issue of autonomy versus universality in the
broader setting of the ordinary sessions of the
International Labor Conference.” 17
Spokesmen for the Soviet-bloc countries con
stantly charged that they and their satellite
P r o c e e d in g s o j th e C o n fe re n c e .
See also The 1958 Session of the International Labor Conference, pp.
988-990 of this issue.
is For a discussion of the issue of universality vs. tripartitism, see The 1956
Session of the International Labor Organization (in Monthly Labor Review,
September 1956, pp. 1047-1051).
n International Transportworkers’ Federation, Report on Proceedings of
41st Maritime Session of the International Labor Conference, Geneva, 1958,
Press Report, May 29, 1958.
SEAMEN AND THE ILO
World Federation of Trade Unions were being
subjected to discrimination. To these, the spokes
man for the representatives of the ITF unions
replied:
The representatives of the seafarers are always ready to
cooperate with all who have a constructive purpose in
mind. The same, we know, applies to genuine represent
atives of governments and employers who take part in
the work of the ILO, though we appreciate that the repre
sentatives of employers, and to some extent also those of
governments, have interests and points of view different
from our own. But we can thus regard them as bona
fide representatives and there is consequently a prospect
of arriving, by a process of discussion, negotiation and, if
necessary, compromise, at results beneficial to all con
cerned. . . . But the position is entirely different when
it comes to representatives who claim to speak in the
name of seafarers but who in point of fact, do nothing
of the kind. . . . It is implicit in the totalitarian system
that the so-called representatives of seafarers are in point
of fact functionaries of the State.
. . . We admit with the utmost candor that in the
Workers’ Group we do not recognize the representatives
of seafarers’ organizations existing under totalitarian
regimes as trade union representatives in the real sense
of the term and ipso facto we cannot recognize the workers’
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981
delegates from totalitarian countries attending this con
ference as genuine representatives of seafarers. We deny,
however, with the utmost vigor that in so doing we have
transgressed the constitution of the ILO in the slightest
degree. We have studied the constitution of the ILO as
closely, probably, as anyone, but we see nothing in it
which requires us, as seafarers’ representatives, to co
operate with any other than representatives, whether of
governments, of employers, or of workers.18
It is worthy of note that this statement was
being made while the substantive work of the
Conference was concluding with a substantial
measure of tripartite agreement. This is the sig
nificance of the longstanding relationships which
have evolved in the maritime industry through
the ILO: representatives of governments, ship
owners, and seafarers are able to meet together,
to explore problems, to air their differences, to
modify their positions, and to reach agreements,
even in the face of potentially distracting and po
litically intentioned tactics of a minority group.
« Statement made by Omer Becu, Belgian workers’ adviser and General
Secretary, International Transportworkers’ Federation, Provisional Record,
41st Conference, ILO, p. 183.
Experience With
Wage Controls
in the Netherlands
E llen M. B ussey *
T h e s t r i c t w a g e c o n t r o l for which the Nether
lands has become known is entirely a post-World
War II phenomenon. It resulted from the
economic chaos in which the Nation found itself
after the years of war and occupation and survived
because it was supported by labor and manage
ment. Through the postwar years, labor and
management have assumed a definite place in the
process of wage determination and have attained
a considerable voice in the national wage policy.
Three institutions have played a dominant role
in evolving the existing system of wage determina
tion. They are the official Board of Government
Conciliators (College van Rijksbemiddelaars),
established by decree to develop and execute
Government wage policy; the Foundation of Labor
(Stichting van den Arbeid), a voluntary labormanagement deliberative body; and the Social
Economic Council (Sociaal-Economische Raad—
SER), consisting of an equal number of members
appointed by labor, management, and the Govern
ment. Whereas the first two concern themselves
predominantly with wages, working conditions,
and labor-management relations, the Social Eco
nomic Council has very broad responsibilities in
regard to the Dutch economy as a whole. Like
the Foundation, the Council has merely advisory
functions, whereas the Board of Government Con
ciliators is empowered to lay down rules that have
the force of law. Although the division of respon
sibility among these three organizations is not
always clear-cut, they have each performed an
active and essential part in Dutch national wage
policy.
Labor and management have been willing to
accept Government control ofjfwagesfas necessi-
982
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tated by the serious economic problems with which
the country has been confronted in the postwar
period. The most important of these have been
the severe damage and economic dislocation
resulting from the war, the military action in and
the loss of Indonesia, and the high birthrate
resulting in overpopulation. Furthermore, the
Dutch economy is highly vulnerable because of
its dependence on foreign trade, and much of
Dutch economic development, particularly in the
post-World War II years, has been an adjustment
to change in the world economy.
The trade unions agreed that since the Dutch
economy depends so heavily on export, full
employment, one of the unions’ main postwar
aims, could be achieved only if internationally
competitive prices were maintained. To achieve
the latter with a stable rate of exchange, organized
labor 1 was willing to exercise wage restraint and
to leave much of its fate in the hands of a Govern
ment in which, since the end of the war, labor’s
interests have been adequately represented.
Labor spokesmen have held cabinet posts as well
as an important number of seats in the Parliament.
The Labor Party (Partij van de Arbeid) has been
one of the two main Dutch political parties.
In agreeing to exercise wage restraint, labor
relied on Government and management promises
to attempt to keep prices down. The resultant
concurrent efforts to control prices will not be
discussed in this article, however.
Regulatory and Advisory Agencies
In October 1945, faced with a completely dis
rupted economy, the Dutch Government promul
gated the Extraordinary Labor Decree (Buitengewoon Besluit Arbeidsverhoudingen) creating the
Board of Government Conciliators2 and desig*Of the Division of Foreign Labor Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 There are 3 main trade union federations in the Netherlands, which,
except for a 3-year period (July 1954-June 1957), have been united in the
Council of Trade Union Federations. These are the “neutral” (but Labor
Party oriented) Netherlands Federation of Trade Unions (Nederlands
Verbond van Vakverenigingen); the Netherlands Catholic Workers Move
ment (Nederlandse Katholieke Arbeidersbeweging); and the (Protestant)
Christian National Trade Union Federation (Christelijk Nationaal Vakverbond in Nederland), with memberships on January 1, 1957, of 500,300, 412,000,
and 216,000, respectively. For further information, see Council of Trade
Union Federations in the Netherlands (in M onthly Labor Review, February
1958, p. 180).
2 Although Government conciliators (rijksbemiddelaars) had existed since
the promulgation of the Labor Conflicts Act (Arbeidsgeschillenwet) of 1923,
their functions were so different and so much more limited that for all prac
tical purposes the present Board of Government Conciliators was created
with the 1945 decree.
983
DUTCH EXPERIENCE WITH WAGE CONTROLS
nating it as the official body to determine wages
and working conditions. This the Board was au
thorized to do by establishing wage rates and other
regulations, on its own initiative or at the sugges
tion of organized labor or management, and
through its right to approve or disapprove all
collective agreements. The law envisaged that
industrywide collective bargaining would continue,
but that collective contracts would be submitted
to the Board for approval.
The performance of the functions of the Board
of Government Conciliators was facilitated, and
much possible antagonism toward it was pre
vented, by the existence of the Foundation of
Labor. This organization was conceived clan
destinely by labor and management during the
war and formally founded on May 17, 1945, to
serve as a postwar deliberative body which would
meet weekly in an attempt to diminish labormanagement strife.3 The Extraordinary Labor
Decree specifies expressly that the Board of
Government Conciliators is to cooperate closely
with the Foundation. Since the latter organiza
tion consists of top labor and management talent,
its proposals have received very serious considera
tion and have only rarely been rejected. In
practice, the Board generally has merely approved
(or disapproved) Foundation of Labor recom
mendations. In this manner, a system of close
coordination and cooperation between labor,
management, and the Government has developed
in which tripartite agreement has generally been
achieved—although at times with difficulty—
and hostility and unilateral action have been kept
to a minimum.
The Industrial Organization Act (Wet op de
Publiekrcchtelijke Bedrijfsorganizatie) of January
27, 1950, commonly referred to as the PBO Act,
established the framework within which organized
labor and management join with the Government
in regulating the Nation’s economic and social
affairs. The act designated a Social Economic
Council, consisting of 15 representatives each from
organized management and labor and 15 members
appointed by the Government to represent the
public interest, to be the governing body of the
PBO. The Council supervises and coordinates
the functions of subordinate organizations on
3
See also Foundation of Labor, The Netherlands Builds &rNew Road to
Industrial Peace Through VoluntaryT.Cooperation (The Hague, Nether
lands, Stichting van den Arbeid, 1950).
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an industry level (product boards—productschappen, and industry boards—bedrijfschappen).
These boards, which, in accordance with the
stipulations of the PBO Act, are in the process
of being established separately and gradually for
each industry, have equal labor-management
representation. The law obliged members of
the cabinet to seek the Council’s advice on all
important proposals of a social and economic
nature.
Although it was originally thought that, with
the creation of the Social Economic Council, the
Foundation of Labor would become superfluous
and eventually be dissolved, it not only continued
to exist but has remained a major influence in
the Dutch economy. This has been the case in
spite of the fact that the Social Economic Council
has achieved great stature. Partly because of
the broad and general duties given the Council
and the fact that the responsibilities of the
Foundation had never been clearly defined, the
two organizations have not only found coexistence
possible but fruitful. When the Council was
first created, a temporary division of duties was
agreed on, but this division of responsibility,
never clear, has since become increasingly vague.
However, it soon became apparent that the
greatest value of the Foundation lay in the fact
that it provided a voluntary, informal deliberative
body in which labor and management could
thrash out problems prior to their formal con
sideration by the Council in the presence of Gov
ernment representatives. The Foundation began
to assume the function of advisory body to the
Council.
Wage Actions
R e c o n s tr u c tio n P e r io d . In November 1944, even
before all of the Netherlands was liberated from
the Germans, the Dutch Government had decreed
that all wages should be raised by 25 percent to
bring them more in line with the great increase
in prices since 1940. After its creation, in 1945,
the Board of Government Conciliators undertook
a general revision of all wages. It established
both minimums and maximums, allowing for
differentials in skill, sex, age, marital status, and
cost of living in towns and cities of different sizes.
A minimum wage was established for unskilled
adult workers on the basis of the cost of basic
984
items needed by a family of four. Semiskilled
workers were to receive 10 percent more than un
skilled workers, and skilled workers were to be
paid 20 percent more than the unskilled.
As time went on, the Government continued
to control these wage differentials, as well as the
general level of wages. However, the original
rather crude system of classifying workers was
replaced by a much more detailed standard sys
tem of job evaluation. Nevertheless, the fitting
together of a policy which provided a minimum
existence for all workers and, at the same time,
imposed a wage ceiling, has had the effect of nar
rowing the wage range between unskilled and
skilled workers to a point where it adversely af
fected the size of the skilled labor force. At
tempts have been made in recent years to widen
the range in order to induce the acquisition of
skills.
By October 1946, when the index of average
hourly earnings fixed or approved by the Board
had passed 165 for industry (1938-39 = 100), the
Government felt that the worst wage-price in
equities had been remedied and decreed a virtual
wage freeze which was to last for over 3 years.
Increases were to be permitted only for wages
that were considered substandard in relation
to other wages. The way was left open, however,
for increases in real wages, if coupled with in
creased productivity. Production bonuses as
well as incentive payments were permitted, subject
in every instance to the Board’s approval.
Thus, wages were never completely stabilized.
Real earnings were also increased during that year
by several other developments: the Board con
tinued to adjust wages fixed prior to October
1946; legislation was passed increasing family
allowances; a larger number of industries granted
2 weeks of paid vacation; and the Government
was able to lower the prices of certain consumer
goods. In November 1948, the Board of Govern
ment Conciliators granted an increase of 1 guilder
a week (in 1948, about 38 cents, U. S. currency)
to practically all workers earning less than 3,700
guilders a year in order to bring wages in line
with prices which had risen because of reduced
subsidies.
The year 1950 saw the fourth and fifth postwar
wage rises, both of which were set at a maximum
of 5 percent. One was granted as of January 1
to offset the devaluation of the guilder in Sep
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
tember 1949, and the other as of September 4
to compensate for further price increases resulting
from the Korean hostilities.
In March 1951, the Dutch Government asked
for a cut in public expenditures, investment of all
kinds, and private consumption to rectify an
unfavorable balance of trade. In order to reduce
public expenditures, it was decided to cut subsidies
immediately on certain essential commodities.
When the resultant higher prices brought demands
for higher wages, the Government indicated to
the Foundation of Labor that wages should not
be permitted to rise commensurate with the cost
of living. On the basis of a 10-percent rise in the
cost of living since the wage increase in September
1950, the Government, with the consent of the
Foundation, authorized the Board of Government
Conciliators to approve wage increases of 5 percent
as of March 19, 1951. Thus, with reluctant
approval from the trade unions, real wages were
reduced by about 4.5 percent. A lump-sum
payment of 11 percent of a week’s wage and 2.5
percent of a month’s salary were authorized by a
decree of November 21, 1951, to compensate only
for an additional rise in prices between March
and November 1951. The gap between real wages
and prices remained.
During 1952, the cost of living decreased slightly
and in 1953 it became stabilized. When the
Government decided to permit rent increases as of
January 1, 1954, it indicated that a 5-percent
increase in wages, to offset the higher rents and
to restore some of the purchasing power lost in
March 1951, would be acceptable. An additional
0.02 guilders an hour was permitted to widen the
differential between skilled and unskilled workers,
as well as 0.02 guilders an hour to narrow the costof-living differential between towns. Within these
limits, exact wage increases were negotiated on
an industrywide basis. The Central Bureau of
Statistics estimated that the average increase in
industrial wages as of January 1, 1954, was 8
percent. Thus, the cut in real wages—agreed
to by labor in 1951—was offset.
Possible future liberalization of Dutch wage
policy has been discussed on several occasions,
but thus far no concrete action has resulted. In
September 1952, the newly formed cabinet asked
the Social Economic Council to make suggestions
for the improvement, change, or modification of
the Government’s wage policy. The Council did
DUTCH EXPERIENCE WITH WAGE CONTROLS
not propose immediate changes, but recommended
that, on a long-range basis, wages be less rigidly
controlled. No action was taken on this recom
mendation for a number of reasons, but predom
inantly because the disastrous floods in the early
part of 1953 necessitated large-scale Government
expenditures which adversely affected the Nation’s
economic equilibrium.
4 Toward the end of 1953
and in the beginning of 1954, pressure for less
Government control of wages became louder and
more insistent. Some employers, particularly in
the textile industry, deeply resented a system
under which wages were determined “in the
Hague,” while some labor leaders believed that
wages should increasingly be based on the ability
of an industry to pay and that greater skill differ
entials should exist. At this point, the Founda
tion of Labor began to study the problem on its
own initiative and in October 1954 presented a
voluminous report with its findings to the Govern
ment, which in turn forwarded the report to the
Social Economic Council for comment.
In issuing its recommendations in September
1955, the Council declared itself in general agree
ment with the Foundation. It proposed that
(1) Wage determination should be primarily the
task of labor and management with the govern
ment assuming the role of guardian of the general
welfare; (2) the general wage level should be in
harmony with fundamental economic and social
considerations; and (3) the greatest possible differ
entials in wages and working conditions between
the various sectors of the economy should be
aimed for without compromising point 2.
Thus, the Council and the Foundation favored
some centralized wage coordination, but desired
some changes in the present system, and virtually
gave the Government complete freedom. Faced
with the immediate danger of inflation, the latter
was naturally inclined to hold on to the reins.
Although the Government was agreeable to follow
ing a more liberal wage policy under the conditions
set forth by the Council, as well as to transferring
the administration of wage policy from the Board
of Government Conciliators to the Social Economic
Council, action was again deferred. As a whole,
wage determination has continued almost unD e v e lo p m e n ts S in c e 1 9 5 .
4
See also Leonora L. Stettner, Wage Pressures and Inflation Controls in
Western Europe (in M onthly Labor Review, June 1956, pp. 664-670).
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985
changed until the present, although some attempt
has been made to implement point 3 above
From 1954 on, labor’s attitude toward wages
began to change. Until then, demands for higher
wages had always been based on a rise in the
cost of living. By 1954-55, however, economic
conditions had improved sufficiently so that labor
felt justified in asking for higher wages as its
equitable share in the country’s newly found
prosperity.4
Several months after the 8-percent wage
increase of January 1954, the problem of wage
levels again became an issue, although prices had
risen only slightly. Agreement was reached in the
Foundation and, on the recommendation of the
Social Economic Council, the Board of Govern
ment Conciliators authorized another general
wage increase of 6 percent, which went into effect
in most industries as of October 1 , 1954.
Although during 1955 the Government con
centrated, successfully, on keeping prices down,
organized labor initiated negotiations in the
Foundation of Labor for higher wages, and the
Government was persuaded by the latter to agree
to certain additional fringe benefits. As a result,
the Government authorized the Board of Govern
ment Conciliators to permit 3 additional holidays
with pay where the interested parties demanded
this, as well as an increase in vacation pay and
retirement benefits, plus additional bonuses, on
the conditions that these benefits in toto would
not increase earnings more than 3 percent a year
and would not raise prices.
In addition, the Government, yielding to pres
sure from the Foundation, asked the Social
Economic Council to study economic conditions
in 1955 and prospects for 1956 and to examine
whether and how it would be possible to give the
worker a greater share in the national income.
The Council’s report, presented to the Govern
ment in February 1955, became the subject of
heated discussion in the Foundation and, for the
first time in the nearly 10 years of its existence,
the continuance of the Foundation was threatened
when labor walked out of the meetings.
Finally, with Government consent, agreement
was reached on another increase in wages and
fringe benefits not to exceed 6 percent, as well as
a lump-sum payment not to exceed 3 percent of
1955 annual wages. The lump-sum payments
were to be confined to those industries where they
986
could be paid out of profits and would not give
rise to price increases. The new wage rates were
to be negotiated on an industrywide basis and
were not to go into effect until after the expiration
date of existing collective agreements, or on
September 1, 1956, whichever came first. Wage
and benefit increases of not over 3 percent could
be partially or wholly absorbed by higher prices.
If over 3 percent, no part of the increase could be
passed on to the consumer in the form of higher
prices. In most industries, wages were increased
to the maximum permissible figure, the average
wage increase amounting to 5.2 percent.
During 1955, the Government, at the request
of the Foundation of Labor, asked the Social
Economic Council to examine the problem of the
shorter workweek. Although a study was begun
in April 1956, the Council’s report was not pub
lished until July 1958. The report concludes that
a general shortening of the workweek from 48 to
45 hours without adverse effects on the economy
is very unlikely before 1960, and that it would be
possible some time in 1962 only if (1) the national
income increases at a favorable rate, (2) the reduc
tion of worktime is carried out in such a manner
that the loss of production is small or is offset by
increased productivity, and (3) great restraint is
exercised in demands for additional fringe benefits.
It recommends that the shorter workweek be
reduced gradually but states that it is as yet im
possible to predict either the time of its initial
introduction or the rate at which it will become
generally applicable since both depend on the
development of the national income.
As 1956 progressed, the Government felt that
the rate of spending for both consumption and in
vestment had increased more than was desirable,
and in September, the Social Economic Council
was asked to offer recommendations to correct the
situation. The recommendations, published in
November, were incorporated in the Government’s
“reduction of expenditure program” announced in
February 1957. In approving the program, labor
had declared itself prepared to accept a rise in the
cost-of-living index to 114.5 5—from a 1956 aver
age of 107.5 (1951 = 100)—without asking for
another general wage rise.
When the cost-of-living index rose beyond this
point (the high for the year was 119.0 in Septem
ber), labor leaders announced that they would
forego a wage rise and try instead to roll back
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
prices. This, they succeeded in doing, to a limited
extent. Labor’s only demand in lieu of a wage
rise was a 15-percent increase in children’s allow
ances for 1958. Management agreed and the
Government appeared glad to banish a major
problem so easily. The only general wage in
creases permitted in 1957 were those of January 1
(5.6 percent) to compensate for higher levies under
the Old Age Pension Act, and of August 1 (2 per
cent, but no less than 2.10 or 3.10 guilders a
week—depending on the cost-of-living zone—and
no more than 4 guilders a week) to compensate for
simultaneous rent increases.
No one is currently ready to predict a general
wage increase either for late 1958 or even early
1959. It is generally accepted that the foreign
exchange position of the country should first be im
proved. Without counteracting measures, which
the Dutch Government has been unwilling to take,
the foreign exchange position is always adversely
affected by wage increases. In the meantime, the
cost-of-living index has remained relatively sta
bilized and wages of those groups who are con
sidered underpaid in relation to other workers
continue to be adjusted.
Role of Labor and Management
In examining the main characteristics of post
war wage policy in the Netherlands, in the light of
the laws that govern it, it is not the extensive inter
vention of the State that stands out, but rather
the extent of the influence exercised under the cir
cumstances by the various organizations in which
labor and management have had a predominant
voice. From 1954 on, although no official change
in the arrangements for wage determination took
place, the role of workers’ and employers’ organi
zations became increasingly important. As an
advisory body to the Social Economic Council,
the Foundation of Labor increasingly proposed
changes in wages and working conditions to the
Council, demanding that the latter study them
and adopt a course of action.
5
As of January 1, 1957, the official cost-of-living index published by the
Central Bureau of Statistics was raised by 5 points to accommodate the effects
of the new Old Age Pension Law which went into effect on that date. The
index figure stipulated by labor and management for bargaining purposes did
not include this 5-point raise. The old index continued to be used, since the
cost of the new measure to the worker (6.75 percent of wages) was substan
tially compensated for by a simultaneous 5.6-percent wage increase. The
difference was absorbed by the worker, but at a rate about equal to the net
cost to the employer. (The employer, who had to pay the 5.6-pereent wage
increase, was freed from the so-called wage equalization tax of 4.4 percent.)
DUTCH EXPERIENCE WITH WAGE CONTROLS
The number of collective agreements submitted
for approval to the Board of Government Concili
ators increased constantly, because of many fac
tors, while the number of regulations initiated by
the Board decreased. Thus, indirectly, labor and
management participated in making policy at the
top, as well as at the industry level. Where regu
lations were introduced by the Board, it was nearly
always at the initiative of, or with the approval
of, organized labor and management expressed
through the Foundation of Labor. The fact that
the Board ultimately has the right to veto the
Foundation’s suggestions, and has used such
right—if only occasionally—has, however, influ
enced the type of recommendations made by the
Foundation.
Labor and management also influenced the wage
level to some extent because wage increases ap
proved by the Board were usually permissible
rather than compulsory and represented the maxi
mum amounts that might be negotiated. Here,
however, full employment since the war (1952
excepted), plus the fact that employer repre
sentatives in the Foundation had recommended
or agreed to certain increases, made increases of
the full amount almost automatic, particularly in
the large-scale industries.
The payment of “black market” wages repre
sents another way in which labor and management
have influenced wage rates. Such payments have
not appreciably influenced the wage level, how
ever, since they have been arbitrarily discontinued
when, for various reasons, the particular shortage
disappeared. The most recent example of this
occurred in the construction industry where during
the winter of 1957-58 growing unemployment
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987
resulted in a cut in black-market wages. When
the Government attempted officially to wipe out
black-market wages in this industry in early 1958,
it found that most such payments had already been
discontinued because of the prevailing economic
conditions. Nevertheless, a new regulation under
which both employer and worker are fined in cases
of black-market wage payments was introduced
in June 1958.
The acceptance of Government wage control by
the unions should not be taken to mean that per
fect harmony exists in the Netherlands among
labor, management, and the Government. Wage
issues have frequently been the subject of dis
agreement and sometimes of hostility. Strikes,
at no time outlawed, did take place, although
infrequently. The unions have demonstrated a
high sense of responsibility in putting the Nation’s
economic welfare ahead of the workers’ natural
desire for increased earnings and have generally
agreed in principle with Government suggestions.6
On the other hand, they have also frequently
criticized and attacked the Government for,
among other things, slowness, indecisiveness, and
arbitrariness in the numerous cases of wage adjust
ments for groups of workers who were considered
underpaid in relation to others. Labor-manage
ment relations have also been strained at times,
although Government participation and inter
vention in disputes have mitigated the real
antagonsim that otherwise might have developed
in many instances. On the whole, Dutch labormanagement relations since the end of World War
II have been characterized by cooperation.
6
See Factors in Labor Peace in the Netherlands (in M onthly Labor Re
view, April 1958, pp. 412-413).
Summaries of Studies and Reports
The 1958 Session of the
International Labor Conference
T he 42d International Labor Conference, beld
in Geneva June 4-26, 1958, was marked by politi
cal controversy between the Communist coun
tries and the West over the unseating of the
Hungarian delegation and the exclusion of Eastern
European employer delegates and advisers from
membership on Conference committees. In the
main work of the Conference, however, both
sides exercised considerable restraint, with some
exceptions, to minimize the intrusion of political
differences.
Prior to the June 16 announcement by the
Hungarian Government of the executions of exPremier Imre Nagy and several other leaders of
the 1956 uprising, the political issues which arose
at the Conference were those that have troubled
the International Labor Organization since it
readmitted the Union of Soviet Socialist Kepublics in 1954. Those issues came to the surface
chiefly when the Employers’ Group again refused
to name employer representatives from nine
Eastern European countries to titular membership
in the technical committees.1 In this, the Em
ployers’ Group was sustained by the Conference
by a vote of 115 to 53, with 51 abstentions. The
United States Government delegates 2 supported
the free employers on this issue, but abstained
on a joint proposal by France, Italy, Pakistan,
and the United Kingdom to seat the Eastern
European employer delegates as deputy members
(with limited voting rights) in the committees.
That proposal was rejected by a vote of 97 to 63,
with 53 abstentions.
By the time the Credentials Committee re
ported on the objections lodged at the start of
the Conference against admission of the delegates
and technical advisers from Hungary, the Hun
garian executions had been announced. The
Conference then took the unprecedented action of
988
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refusing to accept the credentials of representatives
of a member government. Secretary of Labor
James P. Mitchell of the United States declared,
in urging the action, “This Conference has no
course but to give the fullest possible expression
to its indignation against the present Hungarian
regime.” By the necessary two-thirds vote,
the Conference also approved the Credentials
Committee’s majority report recommending that
the Hungarian employer and worker delegations
not be admitted.
Major Conference Actions
The work of the Conference was about equally
divided between a discussion of the ILO’s orienta
tion and operations and consideration by commit
tees of a number of proposed international con
ventions and recommendations.3 The report of
the Director-General, The ILO in a Changing
World, provided a description and interpretation
of the ILO’s activities during the past 10 years,
which formed the basis for a general debate on
the functions of the organization.
i
The Employers’ Group is composed of all accredited delegates represent
ing employers, and the employer membership of Conference committees
traditionally has been composed of persons nominated by the Group.
The countries involved were Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, CzechO'
Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
and Yugoslavia.
1 The United States delegation to the Conference was composed as follows:
G o v e r n m e n t — delegates: James P. Mitchell, Secretary of Labor (chairman);
Francis 0 . Wilcox, Assistant Secretary of State for International Orgai zation Affairs; advisers and substitute delegates: George C. Lodge, Depart
ment of Labor, Graham W. McGowan, Department of Labor, and David
W. Wainhouse, American Embassy, Vienna; advisers: Howard S. Carpenter,
Charles C. Finch, Austin T. Foster, Daniel Goott, Joseph E. Johnson,
Harold J. Magnuson, Marion E. Martin, Otis E. Mulliken, John F. Skillman, Marshall M. Smith, Charles D. Stewart, James F. Taylor, George
Tobias, Bernard Wiesman, Philip A. Yahner, and Arnold Zempel.
E m p l o y e r s —delegate: Cola G. Parker, director, Kimberly-Clark Corp.;
advisers: A. Boyd Campbell, Charles E. Jackson, R. N. Nichols, Sybyl
S. Patterson, William G. Van Meter, and W. H. Winans.
W o r k e r s — delegate: Rudolph Faupl, international representative, Inter
national Association of Machinists; advisers: Harry C. Bates, George P.
Delaney, Eugene E. Frazier, Isidore Naglcr, Bert Seidman, and George
L. P. Weaver.
8 An ILO convention is a draft international treaty which, following
adoption by the ILO Conference, must be considered by each ILO member
nation for ratification and application. While not subject to the conven
tion ratification procedure, a recommendation is also a standard which the
Conference believes should be incorporated into the domestic practice of
ILO member nations
THE 1958 SESSION OF THE ILO
Both the report and the discussion of it em
phasized the growing importance of new programs
of technical assistance and education, especially
in manpower and labor relations in the under
developed countries, while reaffirming the ILO’s
original quasi-legislative functions in the formula
tion of international conventions and recom
mendations on conditions of work and related
matters. The technical committees of the Con
ference were, as usual, concerned largely with the
latter but demonstrated growing awareness of the
difficulty of carrying on this function of the ILO
with member countries at widely varying levels of
economic development. The United States, while
continuing to favor more emphasis on operational
programs, participated more affirmatively than
for some time in the work of the technical com
mittees directed toward the drafting of conventions
and recommendations.
Final action was taken by the Conference on
international instruments dealing with discrimina
tion in employment and with conditions of em
ployment of plantation workers. Preliminary
action was taken on other conventions and recom
mendations, scheduled for final discussion at next
year’s Conference, with respect to conditions of
employment of maritime fishermen and to the
organization of health services in places of
employment.
The convention calling on member states to take
steps to eliminate discrimination in employment
and occupation, which was adopted by a vote
of 189 to 24, with 13 abstentions, requires ratify
ing countries to “declare and pursue a national
policy designed to promote, by methods appropriate
to national conditions and practice, equality of
opportunity and treatment in respect to employ
ment and occupation, with a view to eliminating
any discrimination in respect thereof.” The
United States Government adviser on this agenda
item, in speaking for adoption, indicated that the
United States, in accordance with the ILO con
stitution, would refer the convention to Federal
and State authorities for appropriate action, but
that under our constitutional system of FederalState jurisdiction the convention is not appropriate
for the Government to enter into as a treaty. A
recommendation, similar to the convention but
only advisory to governments, was adopted
unanimously with only 9 abstentions.
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989
The convention and recommendation on con
ditions of employment of plantation workers,
with minor exceptions, represent a collection of
provisions taken, respectively, from all existing
conventions and recommendations applicable to
various types of workers and made applicable
specifically to plantation workers as defined in the
present documents. In addition, some of the
provisions of the convention are optional, thus
permitting partial ratification by countries enter
ing into treaty obligations under the instrument.
Partly because of this feature, many employer
delegates, including the American, voted against
the convention while favoring the recommenda
tion. The convention was adopted by 171
votes to 35, the United States worker delegate
concurring, with 26 abstentions, including the
United States Government delegates; the recom
mendation was adopted unanimously, with 7
abstentions.
The United States Government delegates re
served the position of the United States on the
question of whether the three draft instruments
on employment of fishermen—dealing with min
imum age, medical examinations, and articles of
agreement—should take the form of conventions
or recommendations. The Conference voted to
place the items on next year’s agenda for con
sideration as conventions.
The Conference also approved the conclusions
of the committee charged with studying the ques
tion of the organization of occupational health
services in places of employment, which proposed
a draft recommendation. The proposed draft
provides that occupational health services of a
preventive character, free of cost to workers,
should be organized either within single firms or
jointly by a number of firms.
The Committee on Hours of Work, unlike the
other technical committees, was engaged in a
general discussion with no view toward formula
tion of an international instrument. The repre
sentatives of governments, employers, and workers
expressed their views on issues connected with
hours of work as well as on the action which should
be taken by the ILO in this field. The Conference
decided, with the United States Government and
employer delegates dissenting, to invite the Gover
ning Body to place the question of reduction of
hours of work on the Conference agenda not later
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
990
than 1960, with a view to adoption of an inter
national instrument.
Resolutions and Other Actions
Two resolutions introduced by the United States
Government delegation and another by the United
States workers’ delegate were adopted by the
Conference. The two Government proposals
called on the ILO (1) to give high priority to its
action programs for the development of human
resources in connection with economic develop
ment and (2) to intensify its program in, and its
reporting on, labor-management relations and
practices, and to establish, as authorized in the
resolution, national, regional, and international
institutes and centers for training and study in
labor-management relations. The other American
resolution called on member countries to publish
promptly labor laws, decrees, and regulations
affecting the terms and conditions of workers’
employment; to ensure that they come to the
attention of all concerned; and to make such in
formation available for publication by the ILO.
Other resolutions adopted by the Conference
covered a wide range of subjects. Perhaps most
significant for the future of the ILO program was
one put forward by the Indian Government dele
gation, inviting the Governing Body to initiate a
new line of ILO activity in the field of management
development for the purpose of facilitating eco
nomic development in the less advanced economies.
The most political and controversial resolution
before the Conference, a proposal by the USSR for
the “lessening of international tension,” was dis
posed of at the final session by accepting the
Resolutions Committee’s recommendation that
adoption of the resolution was inexpedient, on the
grounds that it was outside the competence of the
ILO to deal with matters of disarmament and the
cessation of nuclear tests. The vote accepting
the committee’s recommendation was 117 to 33,
with 7 abstentions, indicative of the Communist
influence on major issues in the Conference this
year.
The United States again voted against approval
of the $8% million budget of the ILO solely, as
explained by the Government representative, be
cause of the then existing Congressional limitation,
since modified,4 of $1% million on the total dollar
contribution payable by the United States which,
under present ILO financial criteria, is assessed 25
percent of the total ILO costs.
— C h a r l e s D . S t ew a r t
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research and
Development, U. S. Department of Labor
4
The M utual Security Act of 1958 (P. L. 85-477, 85th Cong., H. R. 12181,
June 30, 1958), sec. 502 (f).
Political and economic changes are proceeding rapidly; and this places
a great strain upon society. It makes a great demand for social maturity,
not only in government but in all the institutions within a country which can
influence social evolution, and also among individuals. Governments can
exert a certain leadership. A form of government is only, however, as strong
as the social order upon which it rests. Peaceful and orderly transition will
only be assured to the extent that individuals and organizations show the
capacity and willingness to bear social responsibility. . . . individual rights
and freedom of association . . . will not long endure when they are not used
responsibly and creatively; and to create the conditions in which they are so
used is perhaps our best service in their cause. For these reasons I feel it is
important for the ILO to look ahead now towards the possibilities which edu
cation offers as a flexible instrument for achieving its objectives.
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—From the ILO in a Changing World: Report of the Director General to the 42d
Session of the International Labor Conference (Geneva, International Labor
Office, 1958), p. 8.
WAGES IN THE MACHINERY INDUSTRIES
Wages and Related Practices in the
Machinery Industries, 1957-58
t r a i g h t - t i m e average hourly earnings of produc
tion workers in nonelectrical machinery manu
facturing industries rose on the average by 10.2
percent during the past 2 years, according to the
latest survey conducted in 21 areas in late 1957
and early 1958. Employment in these industries
in the 21 areas decreased by about 3 percent during
the 2-year period. The average workweek also
decreased, as well as the number of workers
employed on extra shifts, the survey by the U. S.
Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics
indicated.1
Detroit, with straight-time average earnings
above $2.75 an hour in nearly all the skilled jobs
studied, continued to lead in pay levels for ma
chinery workers among the 21 areas. Tool and die
makers were the highest paid workers studied in
most of the areas.
S
Characteristics of the Industries
Approximately two-fifths of the more than
1,500,000 workers in the nonelectrical machinery
manufacturing industries were employed in the
21 areas at the time of survey. Employment in
nonelectrical machinery industries nationally aver
aged about 7 percent lower in January 1958 than
in January 1956; in the 21 areas surveyed, the
decrease was about 3 percent.2
Employment changes during the past 2 years
varied considerably among the different machinery
industries. For example, employment during the
period declined 17 percent in the agricultural
machinery and tractor industry and 12 percent in
the service-industry and household machines
industry. In contrast, small employment in
creases were recorded in the general industrial
machinery and equipment industry (3 percent)
and in the office and store machinery industry (5
percent). The agricultural machinery and tractor
industry, as well as the service-industry and house
hold machines industry, account for a larger pro
portion of all machinery plant workers in the
United States than in the 21 areas combined.
Thus, the relatively larger employment decline
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991
for the machinery industries nationally than in
the 21 areas studied is largely a reflection of
differences in industrial composition.
The 21 areas differed markedly in employment
changes, with Portland, Oreg., registering a decline
of almost 25 percent, compared with increases
of about 10 percent in New York City and
Houston during the 2-year period. Modest
employment gains were reported for Buffalo,
Dallas, Denver, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Phila
delphia, Pittsburgh, and San Francisco-Oakland.
Employment levels in the machinery industries
varied widely among the areas surveyed. Less
than 10,000 workers were employed in Baltimore,
Dallas, Denver, and Portland; between 50,000
and 75,000 in Detroit and Milwaukee; and more
than 90,000 in Chicago.
A wide variety of nonelectrical m achinery was
m anufactured in each of the areas, particularly
in the very large m achinery centers. However,
in a num ber of areas a substantial proportion of
workers, though rarely a m ajority, was engaged
in producing m achinery th a t could be classified
by broad product groupings. O utstanding ex
amples of these were: Agricultural m achinery and
tractors—Milwaukee and M inneapolis-St. Paul;
construction and m inirg m achinery (including oil
field m achinery)—Dallas, Denver, Houston, and
Los Angeles-Long Beach; metalworking m achin
ery—Chicago, Cleveland, D etroit, H artford, P itts
burgh, and W orcester; and office and store m a
chinery—H artford and San Francisco-Oakland.
The m anufacture of machinery items for general
industrial use accounted for a sizable proportion
of the employment in nearly all areas.
Employing units ranged in size from jobbing
shops with few workers to establishments with
more than 2,500 workers, the latte r found in 13 of
the areas. These large establishments accounted
for more than 40 percent of the workers in H a rt
ford, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia.
In contrast, establishments with fewer than 250
production workers employed more than half the
1
The BLS survey included machine-tool accessory establishments with 8
or more workers and other nonelectrical machinery establishments with 20
or more workers. Detailed reports for each area and job descriptions used in
classifying workers in the selected occupations studied are available upon
request. Detailed results of the studies will be published in the forthcoming
BLS Report 139, from which the data were drawn for this summary. For
areas covered and month concerned, see footnote 2, table 2.
1 Total employment figures are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
employment series.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
992
workers in Denver, Los Angeles-Long Beach, New
York City, and Portland.
About three-fourths of the production workers
in the 21 areas combined were in establishments
having labor-management contracts covering a
majority of their workers. Contract coverage
varied from all of the production workers in San
Francisco-Oakland to less than half of the workers
in Dallas and Worcester. Baltimore, Boston,
Denver, and Los Angeles-Long Beach were the
only other areas with less than two-thirds of the
production workers in establishments with labormanagement contracts.
The majority of the production workers in each
of the 21 areas were paid on an hourly rate basis,
with proportions ranging from slightly more than
half in Hartford to more than nine-tenths in Dal
las, Detroit, Houston, and the 3 West Coast cities.
The Bureau’s study in the winter of 1955-56
showed that job evaluation systems were common
in all areas except Dallas, Detroit, Portland, St.
Louis, and San Francisco-Oakland.3 The most
popular system of job evaluation reported at that
time was the point system. Job evaluation plans
involved the establishment of labor grades in
nearly all cases and provided a range of rates for
time-rated workers, who usually were subject to
a periodic merit review for increases within the
range.
Between one-third and one-half of the produc
tion workers in Hartford, Milwaukee, and Pitts
burgh were paid under incentive pay systems.
The areas in which between a fifth and a third of
the workers were paid under incentive plans were
Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Denver,
Newark-Jersey City, Philadelphia, and Worces
ter. Individual piecework was the most prevalent
form of incentive wage payment in Denver, Hart
ford, Milwaukee, and St. Louis, whereas produc
tion bonus plans were most common in the other
areas in which at least a tenth of the workers were
paid on an incentive basis.
Trends in Earnings
The 10.2-percent increase in straight-time aver
age hourly earnings of production workers in the
21 areas combined, between the winters of 1955-56
and 1957-58, compares with an increase of 4.8
percent during 1955 and 3.1 percent during 1954.
(See table 1.) A shorter workweek, with the con
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T
1. I n d e x e s 1 o f a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u r ly e a r n
in g s 2 o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s i n m a c h in e r y m a n u f a c tu r in g
i n se le c te d a r e a s a n d o c c u p a tio n s , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 6 a n d
J a n u a r y 1 9 5 8 , a n d p e r c e n t o f in c r e a s e f o r se le c te d p e r io d s
able
Indexes
(1947-49=100)
Item
Janu
ary
1958 3
Percent increases from—
Janu Janu Janu Janu Janu
ary ary 1956 ary 1955 ary 1954 ary 1945
1956 to Janu to Janu to Janu to Janu
ary 1958 ary 1956 ary 1955 ary 1958
A rea
All areas combined 4__
156.8
142.3
10.2
4.8
3.1
118.6
Baltimore___________
Boston_____________
Buffalo______________
Chicago... _________
Cleveland___________
Dallas______________
Detroit...................... .
Hartford____________
Houston... -------- . . .
L o s A n g e le s -L o n g
Beach_____________
Milwaukee.
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Newark-Jersey C ity__
New York C ity______
Philadelphia____ _____
Pittsburgh___ _______
St. Louis______ ___
San Francisco-Oakland.
159.7
149.9
159. 4
154.8
150.5
148.0
158.1
158.2
156.5
144.5
136.7
143.0
142.0
137.5
135.2
141.8
142.2
140.2
10.6
9.7
11.5
9.0
9.5
9.5
11.5
11.3
11.6
6.0
3.1
5.9
4.1
5.4
2.7
5.2
4.7
5.2
7.9
3.2
(5)
3.5
2.5
1.8
2.9
2.9
3.8
120.8
115.4
110.2
121.8
106.0
91.1
103.3
121.5
111.7
156.0
161. 5
156.0
151.1
150.3
155.7
168.7
163.5
158.2
140.8
145.0
143.3
139.1
138.3
145.4
151.0
149.0
133.5
10.8
11.4
8.9
8.7
8.7
7.1
11.7
9.8
18.5
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.9
3.2
3.8
8.4
5.5
1.1
3.9
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.3
2.1
4.0
2.9
102.8
138.2
117.8
105.9
112.5
118.6
142.5
141.6
106.8
164.3
145.9
12.6
3.6
3.7
139.6
152.6
138.9
9.8
4.9
2.9
102.6
Occupation
L a b o re r s , m a te r ia l
handling_____ . ..
Tool and die makers
(other than tool and
die jobbing shops)___
1 For the methodology used in constructing the indexes, see Wage Trends
in Machinery Manufacturing, 1945-51 (in Monthly Labor Review, January
1952, footnote 1, p. 48). Beginning with the indexes for January 1953, con
stant weights, based on average employment for 1953 and 1954, were used.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 Data cover periods from October 1957 to April 1958; see footnote 2, table 2.
i Includes data for 3 areas (Denver, Portland, Oreg., and Worcester) not
shown separately.
®Buffalo was not studied in 1954.
sequent decline in the amount of premium pay for
overtime, however, tended to offset this rise.4
According to the Bureau’s monthly hours and
earnings data, gross weekly earnings for the
machinery industries for the country as a whole
were virtually the same in January 1958 ($92.90)
as in January 1956 ($92.66). The comparable
figure for January 1957 was $95.11.
The rise in hourly pay levels over the 2-year
period varied considerably among the 21 areas in
cluded in the survey. Increases ranged from 7.1
in Philadelphia to 18.5 percent in San FranciscoOakland; however, in a majority of the areas the
increase was between 9 and 12 percent for the
2-year period. Variations in wage movements
a See Wages and Related Practices in the Machinery Industries (in
M onthly Labor Review, August 1956, p. 914).
4 According to the Bureau’s employment and earnings series, production
workers in the nonelectrical machinery industries averaged 4 hours of over
time in January 1956, compared with 1.6 hours in January 1958.
WAGES IN THE MACHINERY INDUSTRIES
993
among areas may be partly attributable to the
timing and frequency of wage negotiations among
establishments in the areas. For example, San
Francisco-Oakland had the largest increase among
the 21 areas for the current period; however, in
January 1955, San Francisco-Oakland had the
smallest increase (1.1 percent), since a high pro
portion of the machinery workers in that area
were covered by a 3-year union agreement negoti
ated in May 1953 which limited increases during
1955 to cost-of-living adjustments provided for
in that agreement.
Although general wage changes usually account
for most of the movement in earnings, other fac
T a b l e 2.
tors, such as labor turnover and employment
changes in establishments with different pay levels,
also affect the year-to-year trend. The increase
in the Federal minimum wage from 75 cents to $1
an hour, effective March 1, 1956, had little direct
effect on the wage level of the industry, as only a
few workers were receiving less than $1 an hour
immediately before the date of the new minimum.
The extent of wage movement also varied be
tween the skilled and unskilled occupations in
cluded in the study. For the 21 areas combined,
straight-time hourly earnings of tool and die
makers (in other than tool and die jobbing shops)
rose 9.8 percent, or about 25 cents an hour during
A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f m e n i n s e le c te d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s i n m a c h in e r y m a n u f a c tu r in g
e s ta b lis h m e n ts i n 2 1 a r e a s s u r v e y e d b e tw e e n O c to b e r 1 9 5 7 a n d A p r i l 1 9 5 8 2
New England
Middle Atlantic
South
Occupation
Boston
Hartford Worcester Buffalo
Assemblers, class A ....... .................. ................
Assemblers, class B ..... .....................................
Assemblers, class C _____________________
Electricians, maintenance________________
Inspectors, class A.__............ ..................... .
Inspectors, class B _________________ ____
Inspectors, class 0 ______________________
Janitors, porters, and cleaners____________
Laborers, material handling______________
$2.37
2.03
1.80
2.39
2.33
2.01
1.86
1. 56
1.73
$2.44
2.01
1.88
2.50
2.23
2.07
1.93
1.74
1.82
$2.37
2.06
1.94
2.35
2.29
2.13
Machine-tool operators, production, class A*.
Drill-press operators, radial, class A___
Drill-press operators, single- or multiplespindle, class A ___________________
Engine-lathe operators, class A...... ..........
Grinding-machine operators, class A____
Milling-machine operators, class A_____
Screw-machine operators, automatic,
class A_______________________ . . .
Turret-lathe operators, hand (including
hand screw machine), class A _______
2.32
2.31
Machine-tool operators, production, class B 3.
Drill-press operators, radial, class B ____
Drill-press operators, single- or multiplespindle, class B ___________________
Engine-lathe operators, class B ________
Grinding-machine operators, class B ___
Milling-machine operators, class B _____
Screw-machine operators, automatic,
class B___________________________
Turret-lathe operators, hand (including
hand screw machine), class B________
NewarkJersey
City
New
York
City
Phila
delphia
$2. 51
2 10
1 95
2.59
2. 46
2.20
2.03
1.70
1.82
$2.52
2 08
1 57
2. 55
2.59
2.22
1 60
1.68
1.87
$2.42
2 15
1 83
2.53
2.40
2.38
1.70
1.85
$2.38
2 16
2.00
2. 44
2. 55
2.32
2.14
1.82
1.93
2.42
2.33
2.28
2.17
2. 51
2.54
2.45
2. 48
2. 46
2.26
2.32
2.48
2.10
2.40
2. 58
2. 40
2.13
2.26
2.30
2.24
2.33
2.50
2. 55
2.39
2.42
2.24
2.32
P itts
burgh
Balti
more
$2.50
1.71
1.82
$2.81
2 54
2 55
2.72
2.88
2.21
2.05
2.00
2.08
2.50
2.48
2. 51
2.37
2.18
2.38
2. 43
2.48
2.56
2. 55
2.58
2 29
2.52
2. 39
2.48
2. 54
2. 56
Dallas Houston
2. 43
2.62
2.42
$1.93
1 68
1 38
2.16
2.16
1.90
$2.37
1.54
1.60
1.36
1.36
2.72
2.53
2.37
2.56
2.09
2.52
2.39
2.70
2. 75
2.69
2 09
2. 32
2 21
2.46
2.20
2 09
2.10
2 .74
1 87
2.86
2.63
2.63
2 06
1.74
1.64
2 40
2. 51
2.16
2.31
2.38
2. 26
2.46
2.49
2. 47
2.56
2.55
2. 46
2.11
2.59
2.00
1.97
2.20
2.20
2.08
1.94
2.09
2.06
2.30
2.19
2.09
2.02
2.33
2.09
2.37
2.40
2.17
1.78
1. 64
2.39
2.26
2.03
2. 00
1.94
2.10
2.09
2.20
2.09
2. 01
2.06
2.06
2.12
2.18
2.16
2.19
2.27
2.11
2.10
2.14
2.14
2.45
2.29
2. 44
2.35
2.41
2 01
2.01
2.02
2.01
1. 72
1. 76
2.44
2.12
1. 96
2.18
2. 15
2.21
2.04
2.33
2.02
2.11
2.08
2.03
2.26
2.11
2. 46
2.42
2.38
1.79
2.37
Machine-tool operators, production, class 0 3.
Drill-press operators, radial, class C........ .
Drill-press operators, single- or multiplespindle, class C ___________________
Engine-lathe operators, class C_....... ........
Grinding-machine operators, class C ........
Milling-machine operators, class C_____
Screw-machine operators, automatic,
class C _____ _____________________
Turret-lathe operators, hand (including
hand-screw machine), class C _______
1.66
2.12
1.85
1.89
2.02
2.02
1.71
2.01
2.38
1.68
1.53
1.95
1.98
1.61
1. 73
1.76
1.69
2.06
1.94
1.98
1.88
1.97
2.19
1. 59
1. 67
2.16
1. 49
1 36
1.89
1.67
2.08
1. 71
2.00
1.86
2.05
Machine-tool operators, toolroom_________
Machinists, production . ________________
Tool and die makers (tool and die jobbing
shops) ______________________________
Tool and die makers (other than tool and die
jobbing shops) ______________________
Welders, hand, class A__________________
Welders, hand, class B ________________
2. 24
2.22
2. 57
2.35
2.30
2.01
2. 44
2.47
2. 60
2. 56
2. 56
2. 61
2. 56
2. 44
2. 52
2. 47
2.24
2. 58
2. 70
2. 71
2.88
2. 78
2. 41
2. 38
2.31
2. 58
2.35
2. 44
2.41
2.22
2. 68
2. 54
2.24
2. 68
2. 60
2.23
2.81
2.44
2.03
2.80
2.48
2.83
2.69
2. 40
2.53
2. 42
2. 06
See footnotes at end of table.
476551— 5!
3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2.05
2.04
1.81
1 83
1.78
2.25
1.94
2. 43
2.37
2.20
2.14
2.61
2.33
1.96
1. 70
2.83
2. 64
2. 52
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
994
T a b l e 2.
A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f m e n i n se le c te d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s i n m a c h in e r y m a n u f a c tu r in g
e s ta b lis h m e n ts i n 2 1 a r e a s s u r v e y e d b e tw e e n O c to b e r 1 9 5 7 a n d A p r i l 1 9 5 8 2— Continued
Far West
Middle West
Occupation
licago
Cleve
land
Detroit
Mil
waukee
Minneapolis-St.
Paul
St.
Louis
Denver
$2. 72
2.34
2.11
3.81
2.65
1.68
1.83
1.98
2.14
2.03
2.15
2. 77
2.52
2. 65
2.42
2. 58
2. 51
2.52
2.47
2.74
2.78
2. 38
2. 45
2. 42
2. 96
2. 77
2. 88
2. 29
2.62
2.89
2.62
2. 61
2. 54
2. 53
2. 55
2. 52
2. 76
2.74
2. 77
2. 75
2. 71
2.42
2.63
2. 78
2. 53
2.90
2. 65
2. 44
2. 58
2.66
2.57
2.53
2.74
2.38
2. 32
2.47
2. 47
2.37
2.11
2.20
2. 36
2. 36
2. 44
2. 21
2. 20
2.29
2.31
2.40
2.36
2. 39
2. 57
2. 43
2.33
2.36
2. 52
2. 47
2. 53
2. 41
2. 48
2. 53
2. 57
2.07
2. 07
2.17
2.23
2. 25
2.27
2.19
2.20
2. 33
2. 05
2. 26
2.23
2.26
2. 28
2.38
2. 32
2. 48
2.42
2 49
2.38
2. 59
2. 55
2.37
2.36
2.44
2.41
2.21
2.24
2.21
2.34
Machine-tool operators, production, class O 3.
Drill-press operators, radial, class C ------Drill-press operators, single- or multiplespindle, class O---------------------- -------Engine-lathe operators, class O....... .........
Grinding-machine operators, class O-----Milling-machine operators, class O-------Screw-machine operators, automatic,
class C .............................. .............. ........
Turret-lathe operators, hand (including
hand screw machine), class C ________
2 01
2.18
2 08
2.04
2.24
2.32
2.23
1.84
2.11
1.92
1. 99
2 02
1.98
2.02
2.09
2. 06
2. 06
2.15
2.25
2.43
2.10
2. 29
2.34
1.83
2.13
2.13
Machine-tool operators, toolroom------ -------Machinists, production..------------------------Tool and die makers (tool and die jobbing
shops)----- ------------------------------------Tool and die makers (other than tool and die
jobbing shops).-----------------------------Welders, hand, class A _____________ _____
Welders, hand, class B ----------------------------
2.68
2.62
2.95
2.62
3.22
2.87
3.49
3.00
2.92
2.51
2.33
2.79
2. 48
2.26
3.03
2.77
2.52
2.91
2.58
2.37
Machine-tool operators, production, class B 3
Drill-press operators, radial, class B ------Drill-press operators, single- or multiplespindle, class B -----------------------------Engine-lathe operators, class B ------------Grinding-machine operators, class B-----Milling-machine operators, class B -------Screw-machine operators, automatic,
class B ---- ------ ---------------- ------------Turret-lathe operators, hand (including
hand screw machine), class B ____ ____
$2.95
2. 43
2.24
3.00
2.98
2. 46
2.35
2.19
2. 27
$2.78
2.49
2.28
2. 78
2. 62
2. 54
2. 26
1.94
2.04
$2.35
2.05
1.89
2. 54
2.40
2. 01
1.86
1.76
1.83
$2.43
2.12
1.89
2.70
2. 65
2.36
$2. 51
2.13
1.78
2.41
2. 38
1.69
1. 81
2.65
2. 55
2. 63
2. 60
3.20
3.17
2.67
2. 57
2. 46
2.46
2.46
2.61
2. 75
2.67
2. 57
2.55
2. 77
2. 67
2. 55
3.17
3. 20
3. 20
2. 57
2.62
2. 72
2.71
2.90
2.68
2.66
2.64
2. 33
2. 42
2.32
2. 26
2.25
2.35
San Fran
cisco-Oak
land
$2.53
2.30
2.14
2. 59
2. 57
Machine-tool operators, production, class A 3.
Drill-press operators, radial, class A -----Drill-press operators, single- or multiplespindle, class A ...--------------------------Engine-lathe operators, class A-----------Grinding-machine operators, class A-----Milling-machine operators, class A-------Screw-machine operators, automatic,
class A . .------------ -------------------------Turret-lathe operators, hand (including
hand screw machine), class A________
$2. 59
2. 36
2.06
2.63
2. 54
2. 44
2.09
1.89
1.98
Port
land
$2.47
2.11
1.81
2. 68
2. 55
2. 26
1.98
1.77
1.91
Assemblers, class A -------------Assemblers, class B ..................
Assemblers, class C_________
Electricians, maintenance.......
Inspectors, class A .................. Inspectors, class B ............. ......
Inspectors, class C __________
Janitors, porters, and cleaners.
Laborers, material handling...
$2. 55
2.28
2.05
2.78
2. 52
2.28
1.93
1.83
1. 91
Los An
geles-Long
Beach
2.23
2. 30
2.06
2. 66
2.40
2.15
1.90
2.23
1.78
2.08
2.18
2.40
2.41
2. 73
2. 64
2.35
2.11
2.99
2.98
2.23
2.37
2.66
2.69
2. 54
2. 35
2.82
2. 58
2.60
2. 56
2. 85
2. 79
2. 52
3.15
2.67
2.92
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 Data relate to October 1957 in Dallas; November 1957 in St. Louis; De
cember 1957 in Cleveland, Denver, Portland, and San Francisco-Oakland;
February 1958 in Philadelphia; March 1958 in Detroit and Milwaukee;
April 1958 in Chicago; and January 1958 in each of the remaining 11 areas.
The areas are the standard metropolitan areas, except: Newark-Jersey City
(Essex, Hudson, and Union Counties, N. J.); New York City (the 5 boroughs;
Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa., and Camden
County, N. J.); Chicago (Cook County, 111.,); and Hartford (Hartford
metropolitan areas and Berlin, Bristol, New Britain, Plainville, Plymouth,
and Southington, Conn.).
3
Includes operators of other machine tools in addition to those shown
separately.
N ote: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publica
tion criteria.
the 2-year period, while earnings of material
handling laborers rose 12.6 percent, or about 22
cents. The greater percentage increase in earn
ings of material-handling laborers narrowed the
differentials in pay levels between these two groups
and continued a long-term trend in this direction.
Since January 1945, when the Bureau’s first occu
pational wage relationship study was conducted
for the machinery industries, there has been a sub
stantial reduction in the percentage differentials
between the wages of skilled and unskilled workers.
Since January 1945, average earnings of material
handling laborers have increased 139.6 percent
compared with an increase of 102.6 percent
recorded for tool and die makers. Most of this
narrowing occurred between 1945 and 1953,
largely from cents-per-hour increases granted
across the board. Average hourly earnings of
workers in both jobs have increased about 25 per
cent during the past 5 years. Twice during this
period—in 1953 and 1955—a larger annual in
crease was recorded for tool and die makers.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WAGES IN THE MACHINERY INDUSTRIES
995
Levels of Earnings, 1957-58
Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for over
half the selected occupations were highest in
D etroit among the 21 m achinery producing
centers surveyed between October 1957 and
April 1958 (table 2). San Francisco-Oakland,
Pittsburgh, and Milwaukee also ranked in the
upper fourth of the areas in pay levels for a
m ajority of the occupations. Lowest average
hourly earnings were recorded in Dallas for almost
all occupations. Two of the New England areas
(Boston and Worcester) and Baltim ore also
ranked comparatively low in a m ajority of the
occupations.
Tool and die makers had the highest average
hourly earnings among the selected occupations
in all but five of the areas studied. Those en
gaged in the production or maintenance of tools
and dies used in the establishment in which they
were employed had averages of $2.80 or more in
half the areas and ranged among all areas from
$2.33 in Dallas to $3.15 in San Francisco-Oak
land. Earnings of tool and die makers in most
areas permitting comparisons were somewhat
higher in shops producing machine-tool accessories
on a job or order basis (tool and die jobbing shops);
in Detroit, where a high proportion of these
workers were located, the average was $3.49 an
hour. Machine-tool operators who set up their
own machines and performed a variety of ma
chining operations to close tolerances (class A)
T a b l e 3.
had earnings ranging from $2.09 in Dallas to $3.20
in Detroit, but in a high proportion of the areas
their earnings were between $2.50 and $2.80. For
the intermediate group of machine-tool operators
(class B), earnings were between 20 and 40 cents
an hour lower than those for class A operators in
a majority of the areas; a similar differential also
existed—in 13 of the areas—between the inter
mediate classification and operators performing
the more routine, repetitive machining operations
(class C).
Among the unskilled laboring jobs studied,
hourly earnings varied from $1.36 for both m a
terial handlers and the janitor-cleaner group in
Dallas to $2.19 for janitors and cleaners and $2.27
for m aterial handlers in D etroit. In other areas,
these workers averaged $1.60 or more, w ith the
exception of the janitor-cleaner groups in B alti
more ($1.54) and Boston ($1.56).
Women accounted for fewer than a ten th of the
m achinery m anufacturing plant workers in the 21
areas combined. In H artford, nearly a fourth of
the workers were women, bu t in other areas, they
accounted for more than a tenth only in Milwau
kee, St. Louis, and San Francisco-O akland (11,
12, and 14 percent, respectively). M ost of the
women workers were employed in the larger
plants and, with a few exceptions, were engaged
in routine assembly and inspection or repetitive
machine operations. Those performing routine
assembly operations (class C), the largest group
among jobs studied, had earnings averaging from
A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f m e n i n s e le c te d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s i n m a c h in e -to o l a c c e s s o r y
m a n u f a c tu r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts i n 8 s e le c te d a r e a s , s u r v e y e d b e tw e e n O c to b e r 1 9 5 7 a n d A p r i l 1 9 5 8 2
Chicago
Occupation
Produc- Jobbing
tion
shops
shops
Inspectors, class A............................................
Janitors, porters, and cleaners.....................
Machine-tool operators, class A 3. ...................
Engine-lathe operators, class A________
Grinding-machine operators, class A___
Milling-machine operators, class A_____
Machine-tool operators, production, class B 3.
Engine-lathe operators, class B ________
Grinding-machine operators, class B___
Milling-machine operators, class B _____
Machine-tool operators, production, class C_.
Tool and die makers (tool and die jobbing
shops)........................................... ................ .
$2.51
1.78
2. 73
2. 73
2. 79
2. 75
2. 29
2. 58
2.30
2.39
2 . 02
$1.54
2.92
2.87
2.99
2.80
2.39
2 .2 0
2.19
2.40
3.22
Cleveland
jobbing
shops
$2.71
1.72
2.65
2. 52
2.71
2. 54
2.31
2.35
2.42
2.24
1.90
2.87
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 See footnote 2, table 2.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Detroit
Hartford
Produc- Jobbing Produc- Jobbing
tion
tion
shops
shops
shops
shops
$2 .8 8
2 .1 2
2 . 88
2.81
2.89
2.91
2.49
$2.31
3.40
3.30
3.41
3.39
2.46
2.59
$2 . 75
2 .2 2
2 .2 0
2 .2 2
3.49
$2 .1 0
1. 52
2.39
2. 44
2.51
2.31
2 .0 0
2.03
Los An
geles-Long
Beach
New
York
City
Production and jobbing shops
$ 2 81
1. 70
2.69
2. 69
2. 72
2.64
2.16
2 .1 1
2.16
2.13
2.47
2.92
1.90
1.71
Milwau Newarkkee
Jersey
City
$2 75
1 08
2 .6 6
2.75
2. 51
2 .6 8
2.35
2.35
2. 35
1 97
3.00
$9 8 8
1 59
2. 46
2.37
2.58
2.35
2.09
2 08
2.07
1 88
2. 48
2.37
2.40
2. 58
2.03
2 15
9 in
9 11
1 70
2.70
2.71
3
Includes data for operators of other machine tools in addition to those
shown separately.
N ote: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publi
cation criteria.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
996
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a n d a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t- tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f m e n i n s e le c te d p r o d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s i n m a
c h in e r y m a n u f a c tu r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t ,2 1 0 se le c te d a r e a s s u r v e y e d b e tw e e n O c to b e r 1 9 5 7 a n d
A p r il 1958 3
T a b l e 4.
Boston
Hartford
Middle West
Middle Atlantic
New England
Worcester
Newark- Philadelphia Pittsburgh
Jersey City
Chicago
Cleveland
Milwaukee
St. Louis
Occupation *
Num
ber of
work
ers
Assemblers, class A:
T * n n fh rû
Assemblers, class B:
y
__ .
Assemblers, class C:
Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg. Num Avg.
hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly. ber of hrly.
earn work earn work earn work earn work earn work earn work earn work earn work earn work earn
ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings ers ings
$2 14
251
2.62
697 $2.41
248 2.42
346 $2 . 66 1,703 $2. 55
311 2.57
987
1.99
452
85
2.07
2. 55
192
168
46
1.90
2.16
235
41
2 .1 0
6 8 6 $2. 47
883 $2. 46
309 2.98
2 0 2 $2 . 61
413 2 .8 6
167
2.69
108 $2 32
90 2.59
4m
85
1 94
2.43
196
687
1.95
2.03
1 B0
1 74
50
2 .0 0
172
465
1 89
1.87
600
649
2.37
2. 46
811
282
2.23 2,614
493
2.43
2.43 2,381
2. 56 876
2.44 1,646
2.72
743
2.60 5,634
2.98 1,639
2.63 3,176
2.73 1,303
2. 50 973
2.94 1,745
2. 53
2.74
489
350
$2. 56
3.06
531
996
2.06
2.27
456
171
1.99 1,732
461
2.30
2.25 1,431
616
2.47
2.24
2. 55
794
446
2.27 2, 485
2. 56 825
2.28 2,439
2. 49 544
2.26
699
2.93 1,098
2. 27
2.59
441
261
2.25
2. 53
923
788
2.08
2.17
68
11
200
1.74
2.19
120
2.03 1,372
2. 55 560
1.89
2.31
2.06
249
2 .2 0
2.09
2.42
Machine-tool operators,
production, class A:
Tim e_____________ 1,479 2 .2 0
'608 2 . 61
Incentive_____
Machine-tool operators,
production, class B:
Time_____________ 884 1.95
165 2.31
Incentive_________
Machine-tool operators,
production, class C:
441 1 62
58 1.93
Incentive...................
154 $2.06
73 2 06
1.85
1.82
766
350
1.91
2.27
323
1.79
2.32 1,387
379
2.24
2.44
718
187
2.23
2.84
621
634
2.28
2.70
1,016
575
1.93
2.27
2 .0 2
2.35
375
465
2 .1 0
67
848
165
133
315
2.43
i Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
8 In presenting separate estimates for time and incentive workers these
criteria were used: (1) Each method of pay group was reported in at least
3 establishments; (2 ) at least 6 workers were reported at each method of pay;
and (3) no company represented more than 60 percent of total employment
in the job.
3 See footnote 2, table 2.
N o t e : Dashes i n d i c a t e n o d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a t h a t d o n o t m e e t p u b l i
$1.49 an hour in New York City to $2.17 in
Detroit, in the 9 areas where data permit com
parisons.
In the two largest centers producing machinetool accessories (Detroit and Chicago), pay levels
for nearly all jobs that could be compared were
higher in jobbing shops than in shops producing
standard accessory items in quantity (production
shops). (See table 3.) However, the reverse was
true in Hartford, the only other area with suffi
cient employment in each type of shop for com
parisons.
In most instances in which comparisons were
possible, earnings of workers paid on an incentive
basis were higher than for workers in the same
job who were paid time rates (table 4). The earn
ings advantage of incentive paid workers was
substantial for most job comparisons in Boston,
Cleveland, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, and Pitts
burgh. The smallest differences were often found
in Hartford.
Earnings of individual workers varied greatly
within the same job and geographic area. In
many instances, hourly earnings of the highest
paid worker exceeded those of the lowest paid in
the same job and area by $1 or more. In many of
the 21 areas, individual workers in the compara
tively low paid material handling laborer job
earned more than some of the workers employed
as tool and die makers, despite the wide difference
in averages for the two jobs. Interplant differ
ences in pay levels were quite substantial.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
c a t io n c r it e r ia .
Shift Employment and Shift-Differential Pay
The proportion of workers employed on late
shifts was lower during the winter of 1957-58
than 2 years earlier in most of the 21 areas sur
veyed. About 17 percent of the production
workers in the 21 areas combined were employed
on late shifts at the time of the current survey,
compared with 19 percent at the time of the previ
ous study. Among areas, extra-shift employment
ranged from about 5 percent of the production
workers in New York City to 33 percent in
Houston. About 86 percent of the extra-shift
workers were employed on the second shift.
Nearly all extra-shift workers received pay dif
ferentials over day-shift rates—generally on a
cents-per-hour or a percentage basis. In addition,
workers in some areas received a full day’s pay
for a shorter work schedule. The majority of the
WAGES IN THE MACHINERY INDUSTRIES
997
extra-shift workers in Portland and San FranciscoOakland received a full day’s pay for reduced
hours, plus a cents-per-hour or percentage dif
ferential. The am ount of the shift differential
varied greatly, but in most areas, 10 cents per
hour or 10 percent over day-shift rates were most
commonly found for both second- and third-shift
workers.
New York City, where 70 percent of the workers
were in establishments with scheduled workweeks
of 37% hours. Dallas was the only area having a
substantial number of office workers with work
weeks of over 40 hours.
Supplementary Wage Benefits
Virtually all workers in the nonelectrical ma
chinery industries in the areas surveyed were eligi
ble for paid holidays, paid vacations, and some
type of insurance or pension plan (table 5). Pro
visions for office workers were generally somewhat
more liberal than those for production workers.
The main development in the last few years has
been the liberalization of existing plans such as
adding a paid holiday, increasing the amount of
vacation pay after longer periods of service, and
adding another type of insurance coverage.
Work Schedules
A majority of the production workers in all areas
surveyed had weekly work schedules of 40 hours.
Decreases since the 1955-56 survey in the propor
tion of workers with workweeks of more than 40
hours occurred in 17 areas. Production workers
with scheduled workweeks of less than 40 hours
were found in 12 areas, as contrasted with only
6 areas in the preceding survey.
Weekly work schedules of 40 hours applied to a
majority of the office workers in all areas except
T a b l e 5.
The am ount of vacation pay varied with the
worker’s length of service. Nearly all production
P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d i n m a c h in e r y m a n u f a c tu r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r
s e le c te d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fits 1 i n 2 1 a r e a s s u r v e y e d b e tw e e n O c to b e r 1 9 5 7 a n d A p r i l 1 9 5 8
New England
Benefit
Paid vacations 2 3 ____________________
After 1 year of service 3 ___________
1 week_______________ ______
Over 1 week_________________
After 5 years of service 3 ___________
2 weeks_____________________
Over 2 weeks________________
After 15 years of service 3 ____ _____
2 weeks____ ________________
3 weeks....... .................. ................
Over 3 weeks________________
After 25 years of service 3 __________
2 weeks__________ ___________
3 weeks_____________________
Over 3 but less than 4 weeks___
4 weeks and over___________ __
Paid holidays 3 _____________________
Less than 6 days_________________
6 days___________ ________ -..........
6 days plus 1 or more half days_____
7 d ay s.-...............................................
7 days plus 1 or more half days..........
8 days___________________ ______
8 days plus 1 or more half days_____
9 or more days___________________
Health, insurance, and pension plans : 6
Life insurance___________________
Accidental death and dismemberment insurance____ ___________
Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave 7____________________
Sickness and accident insurance.
Sick leave (full pay, no waiting
period)____________________
Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)________________
Hospitalization insurance_________
Surgical insurance...............................
Medical insurance_______________
Catastrophe insurance____________
Retirement pension______________
See footnotes at end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Middle Atlantic
South
Boston
Hartford
Worces
ter
Buffalo
NewarkJersey
City
10 0
10 0
88
12
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
100
100
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
2
100
100
2
10 0
98
100
89
11
10 0
97
97
10 0
10 0
19
78
4
94
10 0
10 0
19
73
4
94
5
82
18
10 0
97
10 0
12
85
15
95
4
83
15
85
10 0
10 0
9
57
29
15
69
3
13
96
3
92
13
82
10 0
8
Phila
delphia
New
York
City
95
3
34
63
10 0
100
10 0
10 0
10 0
100
10 0
12
10 0
1
10 0
10 0
66
61
35
98
17
79
10 0
12
10 0
1
10 0
10 0
61
30
98
17
25
100
97
33
55
8
9
20
10 0
10 0
10 0
11
1
22
10 0
1
10
3
10
16
27
10
5
7
23
32
29
3
20
11
19
7
33
9
17
13
10 0
10 0
(4)
32
65
(4)
7
1
12
2
21
99
98
64
3
2
10 0
30
50
10 0
10 0
10 0
80
10 0
7
7
Dallas
87
2
10 0
10 0
3
Balti
more
97
96
95
4
Pitts
burgh
6
26
23
65
2
3
10 0
10 0
4
35
5
60
21
55
15
15
87
67
8
85
15
96
Houston
98
98
89
9
98
96
54
2
36
46
18
16
77
89
2
20
6
1
94
99
97
96
88
83
94
99
91
89
63
84
71
53
40
47
79
32
84
67
55
90
90
94
93
95
95
86
86
77
73
59
46
95
92
97
96
84
84
56
54
79
70
5
7
28
5
94
94
94
29
89
11
33
1
1
( 4)
89
87
67
26
67
97
96
84
33
91
99
96
44
18
70
12
25
32
2
91
89
73
7
69
92
92
68
6
42
1
2
( 4)
( 4)
94
89
44
28
75
98
98
28
27
88
4
4
80
78
78
49
64
36
17
95
95
28
42
63
6
86
86
1
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
998
T a b l e 5.
P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d i n m a c h in e r y m a n u f a c tu r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r
s e le c te d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fits 1 i n 2 1 a r e a s s u r v e y e d b e tw e e n O c to b e r 1 9 5 7 a n d A p r i l 1 9 5 8 — Continued
Middle West
Far West
Benefit
Chicago Cleveland Detroit M ilwaukee
99
99
85
Paid vacations 2 8 ____________________
After 1 year of service 8____________
1 week______________________
Over 1 week___ ____________
After 5 years of service 8 ----------------2 weeks- _____ ___________
Over 2 weeks— ______________
After 15 years of service 8 ---------------2 weeks. ___________________
3 weeks. ___________________
Over 3 weeks— __ ___ _____
After 25 years of service 8 -------- ---2 w eeks................................ -........
3 weeks ------ ---------------------Over 3 but less than 4 weeks____
4 weeks and over_______ ______
11
99
95
9
99
9
87
3
99
9
81
3
6
99
2
24
30
33
99
99
73
26
99
82
17
99
41
46
86
2
99
14
81
3
99
14
58
13
14
Paid holidays 5. -------------- ----- -- —
Less than 6 days______ _____ ____
6 days .
___ - ___ . . .
6 days plus 1 or more half days_____
7 days______________ __________
7 days plus 1 or more half days_____
8 days..
_______
. ______
8 days plus 1 or more half days_____
9 or more days_______ _______ ____
Health, insurance, and pension plans : 4
Life insurance___________________
Accidental death and dismemberment insurance_________________
Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave 7 _________ _________
Sickness and accident insurance..
Sick leave (full pay, no waiting
period)________ _ ------------ .
Sick leave (partial pay or waiting
period)---- ------ ------------ . ..
Hospitalization insurance_____ ____
Surgical insurance________________
Medical insurance__ ____ ._ ____
Catastrophe insurance. . .
_____
Retirement pension______________
99
99
73
27
99
(4)
(i)
99
41
48
(4)
(4)
Denver
100
10 0
68
100
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
100
2
10 0
6
10 0
1
100
10 0
97
10
100
88
100
10
10 0
10 0
6
10 0
1
10
10 0
10
2
100
68
2
10 0
2
6
38
53
5
3
100
2
10 0
10 0
100
10 0
98
2
100
89
93
57
85
15
80
36
10 0
97
99
34
52
12
8
32
72
3
15
6
24
43
21
Los
Angeles- Portland
Long Beach
St. Louis
99
2
MinneapolisSt. Paul
29
57
46
30
95
5
7
91
7
91
2
77
2
6
98
27
27
64
75
25
San Fran
ciscoOakland
10 0
10 0
100
100
100
10 0
10 0
100
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
10
10 0
10 0
10 0
10
89
5
39
55
5
3
38
16
38
4
72
14
72
28
100
19
81
90
90
10 0
23
77
94
4
10
7
4
85
95
96
99
89
95
95
92
100
10 0
53
64
63
75
44
81
48
75
10 0
10 0
85
83
92
90
93
93
99
99
92
81
94
94
84
84
59
47
82
82
11
6
2
15
2
2
4
97
97
72
18
31
1
15
(4)
93
91
56
12
55
85
83
54
4
67
96
96
94
4
74
12
99
99
83
92
91
91
95
94
93
87
87
82
81
53
32
49
6
2
2
3
96
96
96
5
20
100
10 0
10 0
53
42
>If formal provisions for supplementary benefits in an establishment were
applicable to half or more of the workers, the benefit was considered appli
cable to all workers. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility
requirements, the proportion of workers currently receiving the benefits
may be smaller than estimated.
2
Vacation benefits, such as a percentage of annual earnings and flat-sum
amounts were converted to an equivalent time basis. The periods of service
were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions
for progressions. For example, the changes indicated at 15 years may include
changes occurring between 5 and 15 years.
totals.
6 Includes only those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by
the employer and excludes workmen’s compensation, social security, and
plans which m et only the minimum requirements of the State law as to bene
fits or employer contributions.
7 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident
insurance shown separately.
workers in the 21 areas were in establishments
which provided at least 1 week of vacation pay
after 1 year of service. A majority of the workers
were provided 2 weeks’ pay after 2 years’ service
in 4 areas—New York City, Houston, Detroit,
and San Francisco-Oakland. After 3 years’ serv
ice, the majority of workers in 6 areas received 2
weeks’ pay or more, and after 5 years’ service,
over four-fifths of the workers in each of the 21
areas received at least 2 weeks of vacation pay.
At least half of the workers in all areas except
Dallas, Detroit, and Portland received 3 weeks’
vacation pay after 15 years of service. Some
workers in 18 of the 21 areas received more than
3 weeks’ pay after 25 years’ service. Houston,
however, was the only area in which over half of
the production workers were in establishments
providing 4 weeks’ vacation pay and over after 25
years of service.
All or nearly all of the production workers in
each of the 21 areas surveyed were provided paid
holidays. More than half of the workers in Boston
and New York City received 8 or more full-day
holidays and about a third of the workers in these
areas received 9 or more. In all other areas, the
majority of the workers were provided either 6 or
7 full-day paid holidays. Some of the production
workers in all areas studied in the New England,
Middle Atlantic, and Middle West regions re
ceived half-day holidays in addition to full-day
holidays. Thus, half of the workers in Detroit
received 2 half days as well as 6 full-day paid
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8 Includes provisions in addition to those shown separately.
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
5 Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
999
WAGES IN THE MACHINERY INDUSTRIES
holidays, and nearly half of the production workers
in Hartford received 2 half days in addition to 7
full days.
Nearly two-thirds of the office workers in Boston
and half of the workers in New York City received
10 or more full-day holidays with pay. In all
other areas, the majority of the office workers were
provided 6 or 7 full-day holidays annually. In
addition, half-day holidays were frequently pro
vided office workers in most of the areas outside
the South and the Far West.
More than 90 percent of the production and
office workers in all areas were in establishments
with some type of health, insurance, or pension
plan financed wholly or in part by the employers.
Life insurance, hospitalization, and surgical plans
were available to about four-fifths or more of these
workers in virtually all areas. Coverage under
medical and catastrophe insurance plans had in
creased substantially since the last survey. Seventenths or more of the production workers in 12
areas were in establishments with medical insur
ance plans providing complete or partial payment
of doctors’ fees. One-fourth or more of the pro
duction workers in seven areas were in establish
ments with catastrophe insurance plans covering
the employees in case of major medical expenses.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Four-fifths or more of the production workers
in 15 of the 21 areas were in establishments with
sickness and accident insurance or sick-leave plans
covering employees. Sickness and accident insur
ance benefit plans were more prevalent for both
office and production workers in these industries
than were formal sick-leave plans. Sick-leave
plans were applicable to 50 percent or more of
the office workers in 11 areas; however, in only
6 areas were more than 10 percent of the produc
tion workers covered by such plans.
More than half of the workers in 14 of the 21
areas were in establishments with retirement plans
(other than social security) covering production
workers. Retirement plans covering office work
ers were reported in establishments employing a
majority of these workers in all areas except
Denver. The prevalence of retirement plans
varied greatly; fewer than a third of the production
workers in Los Angeles-Long Beach, Portland,
and St. Louis were working in establishments with
such plans as contrasted to more than four-fifths
of the workers thus employed in Hartford, Mil
waukee, Pittsburgh, and Worcester.
—M
o r r is
H.
R ic e
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
10 0 0
Earnings of Communications
Workers in October 1957
of the 723,000 employees (exclusive of
officials and managerial assistants) of the principal
communications carriers in the United States aver
aged $2.15 an hour in October 1957 1—12 cents
above October 1956. During the past 10 years,
the level of employee earnings has increased sub
stantially in each of the four main carrier groups
included in the study—class A telephone carriers,
Western Union Telegraph Co., radiotelegraph car
riers, and ocean-cable carriers. Employment in
the expanding telephone industry had increased
almost a fourth since 1947, whereas the work force
in each of the other types of carrier groups had
declined.
E a r n in g s
Class A Telephone Carriers
Employees of the 51 class A
telephone carriers included in the study prepared
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S.
Department of Labor averaged $2.16 an hour in
October 1957—12 cents above the October 1956
average. Individual earnings of the 681,588 em
ployees studied (exclusive of officials and mana
gerial assistants) were widely dispersed. The
middle half of the workers received from $1.52
to $2.61 an hour in October 1957. This com
paratively wide dispersion of rates is the result of
a number of factors, including: (1) the great di
versity of skills and responsibilities required in the
industry; (2) pay differences among regions and
among establishments within the same region; and
(3) the general practice of individual companies in
the industry of providing a range of rates for
workers in a given job and locality.
The level of earnings varied greatly according
to the duties of the workers, ranging from an
average of $1.31 an hour for trainee telephone
operators to more than $4 an hour for professional
and semiprofessional employees.
Regionally, average earnings for all employees,
exclusive of officials and managerial assistants,
ranged from $1.88 in the Southeast to $2.28 in the
Middle Atlantic (table 1). The larger communi
ties within each region tended to pay the highest
wages.
E a r n in g s in 1957.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Employees of the Bell System companies, which
accounted for 97 percent of the telephone em
ployees, averaged $2.18 an hour compared with
$1.65 for employees of non-Bell companies. Labor
force requirements differ between these employer
groups with proportionately greater employment
noted in clerical, sales, and professional jobs in
Bell System companies. These differences in oc
cupational composition may have accounted for
some of the difference in the all-worker averages.
However, other factors, such as size of firm and
size of community, were undoubtedly of greater
importance in contributing to the different wage
levels. Average employment of the 23 reporting
units of the Bell System companies, which gen
erally cover an entire State or a number of States,
was between 25,000 and 30,000 workers, while the
28 non-Bell companies reporting were more local
in service and usually employed fewer than 1,000
workers.
An individual employee’s rate of pay was
also influenced, to a considerable extent, by bis
length of service with the company. Established
provisions for length-of-service wage adjustments
were prevalent in the industry. Typically, such
plans provided a series of rates for each job, vrith
the top rate often as much as 100 percent above
the beginning rate.
Women, who constituted about three-fifths of
the total work force of the class A telephone
carriers, were generally employed as telephone
operators or clerical employees. Experienced
switchboard operators, representing almost a
fourth of the total employment, averaged $1.62
an hour and switchboard-operator trainees, $1.31.
Earnings of nonsupervisory clerical employees—
123,507 women and 9,272 men—averaged $1.75
an hour, varying by departments from an average
of $1.63 in the commercial department to $1.85
in the traffic department.
1
Based on annual reports filed with the Federal Communications Com
mission by carriers engaged in interstate or foreign communications by means
of their own facilities or through connections with the facilities of another
carrier under direct or indirect common control. These reports do not in
clude radiotelegraph and ocean-cable carriers with annual operating revenues
below $50,000 or telephone carriers with annual operating revenues below
$250,000. For further details of the study, including data on additional
occupations, see Earnings of Communications Workers, October 1957, BLS
Report 138. It Is estimated that this study covers approximately ninetenths of the workers in the communications industries. The earnings data
contained in this summary, which pertain to all workers except officials and
managerial assistants, were computed by dividing scheduled weekly com
pensation by scheduled weekly hours. For a summary of the Bureau’s
study of communications workers’ earnings in October 1956, see Monthly
Labor Review, October 1957, pp. 1237-1239.
1001
EARNINGS OF COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS
T
able
1.
C la s s A te le p h o n e c a r r ie r s :
1 A vera g e
h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f e m p lo y e e s i n s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , b y r e g io n , 3 O c to b e r 1 9 5 7
United S tates4
Occupation
All employees except officials and managerial assist
ants---- ------- ------ ----------- ------------------- -----Nonsupervisory employees 8_______________Cable splicers.............................................. .
Cable splicers’ helpers__________________
Central office repairmen....... ................ ........
Clerical------- -------------------------------------Exchange repairmen_______ - .............. .
Experienced switchboard operators_______
Linemen_______________ _________ ____
Mechanics, building and motor-vehicle
service_____________________________
PBX and station installers______________
Test-board men and repeatermen.................
Number
of
workers
Average Number
of
hourly
earnings workers
Nonsupervisory employees 8________________
Cable splicers_________________________
Cable splicers’ helpers----- --------------------Central office repairmen________________
Clerical______ ____ ------- ---------------------Exchange repairmen__________ ________
Experienced switchboard operators_______
Linemen_________ . ............ .................. .
Mechanics, building and motor-vehicle
service.. ............ ........ ......................... .
PBX and station installers______________
Test-board men and repeatermen________
Middle Atlantic
Great Lakes
Average Number Average
of
hourly
hourly
earnings workers earnings
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Chesapeake
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
681, 588
$2.16
51,995
$2.11
152,193
$2.28
123, 938
$2.22
35,644
$2.13
616, 387
15, 768
6, 715
36, 054
132, 779
13, 375
158, 025
18,350
1.98
2. 48
1.57
2. 41
1.75
2.67
1.62
1.97
47, 272
1,110
539
2,153
9,686
552
14, 248
1,122
1.94
2. 56
1.56
2. 41
1.65
2. 78
1.64
1.83
137, 505
3, 275
1,976
8, 299
32, 839
3.738
34,179
3, 910
2. 09
2.65
1.52
2. 57
1.78
2. 74
1.75
2.04
111, 882
2, 754
1, 515
6, 449
23, 575
3,916
28, 976
3,081
2.02
2. 49
1.58
2. 40
1.78
2. 69
1.68
2.00
32, 481
1,005
464
1, 751
6,215
330
8, 670
1,104
1.95
2.43
1.53
2.42
1.74
2.84
1.59
1.64
3,056
27, 573
14, 772
2.39
2. 39
2.55
201
702
618
2.36
2. 37
2.66
908
9,020
1,640
2. 45
2. 54
2.92
611
6,978
1,903
2.56
2.31
2.68
164
674
446
2.20
2.24
2.77
North Central
Southeast
All employees except officials and managerial assist
ants________________ _____________________
New England
South Central
Mountain
Pacific
73,473
$1.88
24,674
$2.04
62, 623
$1.99
27,640
$1.96
95,653
$2.26
67,298
2,041
657
3, 626
12, 743
170
17,664
1,807
1.75
2.42
1.57
2. 27
1.62
1.96
1.36
1.87
22, 255
667
54
826
3, 969
1.86
2.18
1.66
2.52
1.62
6,131
952
1.49
1.77
58, 644
1, 239
527
3,104
10,624
1,550
18, 290
2,289
1.88
2. 58
1.64
2. 51
1.66
2.66
1.51
2.17
25, 096
590
210
1,157
5, 511
474
6,122
1,088
1.82
2. 28
1.64
2. 27
1. 56
2.49
1.50
1.83
85. 212
2, 657
609
5, 561
20, 652
2, 583
17. 284
2, 462
2.08
2.42
1.69
2.32
1.84
2.59
1.75
2.09
447
111
1,177
2.05
1.74
2.54
111
3,127
1, 311
2.54
2.55
2.62
47
1,218
432
2.04
2.29
2.50
472
5, 551
2, 885
2.50
2.23
2.45
54
2.31
374
2.65
1
Covers telephone carriers with annual operating revenues exceeding
$250,000.
2
Average hourly earnings were computed by dividing total scheduled
weekly compensation by total scheduled weekly hours.
s The regions used in this study include: N e w E n g l a n d — Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont;
M i d d l e Atla nt ic— D e l a w a r e , New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania;
G r e a t L a k e s — Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; C h e s a p e a k e —
District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; So ut he as t—
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; N o r t h C e nt ra l —Iowa, Minnesota,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; S o u t h C e n t r a l — Arkansas,
Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas (except El Paso County); M o u n
tain— Arizona, Colorado, Idaho (south of Salmon River), Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Texas (El Paso County), Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific—
California, Idaho (north of Salmon River), Oregon, and Washington.
* Figures include long-lines employees and class A telephone carrier employ
ees in the territories.
s Excludes officials and managerial assistants, professional and semiprofes
sional employees, and nonclerical business office and sales employees.
Virtually all of the employees engaged in con
struction, installation, and maintenance work
were men. Averages for numerically important
job categories in these departments included
$2.67 an hour for exchange repairmen, $2.55 for
test-board men and repeatermen, $2.48 for cable
splicers, $2.41 for central office repairmen, $2.39
for PBX and station installers, and $1.97 for
linemen.
Regionally, highest occupational averages were
usually recorded in the Middle Atlantic region
and on the Pacific Coast, with lowest averages
most frequently in the Southeast. Thus, ex
perienced switchboard operators averaged $1.75
in both the Middle Atlantic and Pacific regions,
compared with a low of $1.36 in the Southeast.
Occupational averages of Bell System com
panies were substantially higher than their
counterparts in the non-Bell companies. For
example, the average wage advantages for em
ployees of Bell System companies were as follows:
39 cents an hour for experienced switchboard
operators, 33 cents for nonsupervisory clerical
employees and central office repairmen, and 16
cents an hour for linemen. Scheduled weekly
hours averaged 1% hours greater in the non-Bell
group, partly offsetting the lower hourly rates.
1
The percent rise in the all-employee average exceeded that in individual
job categories because of long-term shifts in the occupational composition
of the industry.
476551— 58-------------- 4
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
During the past 10 years,
the level of wages, as well as employment, has
increased substantially in the telephone industry.
Average earnings for all employees in October
1957 ($2.16) was 71 percent above the October
1947 average ($1.26).2 Cents-per-hour increases
during this period were generally greater for the
higher paid jobs than for those lower in the pay
scale; on a percentage basis, however, greater
similarity in increases prevailed, as shown in the
tabulation on the following page.
E a r n in g s , 1 9 4 7 - 5 7 .
1002
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
A v e r a g e hourly
earnings
Oct.
1 9 47
Experienced switchboard
operators.
__
$0. 97
Cable splicers’ helpers __ _ 1. 02
Clerical employees, nonsupervisory_______ ______ 1. 13
Linem en.. _ _ _ _ . . .
1. 18
PBX and station installers. 1. 44
Cable splicers ________ __
1. 61
A m o u n t of
increase
Oct.
1 9 57
Cents
$1. 62
1. 57
65
55
67
54
62
79
95
87
55
67
66
54
1.
1.
2.
2.
75
97
39
48
Per
cent
Although average earnings of PB X and station
installers increased 30 cents an hour more than
those of experienced switchboard operators, the
percent of increase during the 10-year period was
virtually the same for these two occupational
groups. The wage relationship between cable
splicers and their helpers was also maintained.
Total employment in the telephone industry
increased by almost a fourth during the period
between October 1947 and October 1957—from
552,704 to 681,588. However, employment by
occupation both expanded and contracted. Re
flecting the installation of new and improved
equipment, the total number of telephone oper
ators (including chief operators and trainees as
well as regular operators) declined by 8 percent
during the 10-year period. On the other hand,
the number of construction, installation, and
maintenance employees increased 46 percent
T a b l e 2.
during this same period. A 50-percent increase
was reported in the number of nonsupervisory
clerical employees.
Changes in the relative employment of these
occupational groups during the past decade are
shown in the following tabulation:
P e r c e n t of total e m p l o y m e n t in —
Oct. 1 9 4 7
Telephone operators _
Clerical employees, nonsupervisory __
_____
Construction, installation,
and maintenance em
ployees _
_____
Other
_______
Total employment except
officials and managerial
assistants
Oct. 1 9 52
Oct. 1 9 57
46
43
35
16
18
19
23
15
23
16
27
19
552, 704
610, 648
681, 588
Western Union Telegraph Co.
Nonmessenger employees 3 of W estern Union’s
wire telegraph operations averaged $2.09 an hour,
exclusive of premium pay for overtime and lateshift work, in October 1957 (table 2). This was
8 cents above the October 1956 average. The
work categories of the 29,680 nonmessenger em
ployees included a wide variety of skills and
occupational duties, ranging from laborers to
* Excludes officials and managerial assistants.
W e s te r n U n io n T e le g r a p h C o .: P e r c e n ta g e d i s t r i b u ti o n o f w ir e - te le g r a p h e m p lo y e e s b y s tr a ig h t- tim e a v e r a g e h o u r ly
e a r n in g s ,* s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , O c to b e r 1 9 5 7
Average hourly earnings
$1.00 and under $1.10................
$1.10 and under $1.20............ ...
$1.20 and under $1.30___
$1.30 and under $1.40__
$1.40 and under $1.50________
$1.50 and under $1.70________
$1.70 and under $1.90______
$1.90 and under $2.10________
$2.10 and under $2.30___
$2.30 and under $2.50_____ _
$2.50 and under $2.70______
$2.70 and under $2.90_____ _
$2.90 and under $3.10________
$3.10 and over__ ___________
E x p e rie n c e d t e l e
graph operators (ex
All em
cept Morse)
Linemen Mechanics,
Subscribers’ Tele
ployees
Laborers
and
building
Morse equipment phone
except mes
cableoperators
service
mainopera
sengers 2 Commer
Traffic
men
tainers
tors
cial de
depart
partment
ment
Messen
gers,
foot and
bicycle
Messen
gers,
motor
QQ 1
0.1
2.5
6.2
11.6
15.5
27.2
13.5
8.0
6.4
9
8.9
21.3
31.0
20.7
18.1
.1
0.1
3.2
9.8
10.5
74.0
2.4
(3)
7.3
6.7
18.5
16.9
2.2
40.4
7.9
7.7
15.8
43.3
21.8
10 .0
1 .0
2 .2
1.5
5.3
0 7
8 4
1 4
23 7
5 2 !4
43 7
67.2
23.7
21.8
23. 4
52. 7
5
1 .6
.5
.5
.5
14 2
0 .1
4.9
65
22.2
27.6
35.7
.5
21 3
1
22
75
24 1
io! 9
.1
Total________________
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
m o
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
Number of workers.. _____
Average hourly earnings_____
29,680
$2. 09
3,344
$1.65
2,705
$1.89
178
$1.92
830
185
$2 .2 2
1,023
$2.28
2,075
$1.81
5,013
$2 .2 0
598
$2.04
1,471
$ 1.02
$1.49
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
in la ta cniftc
, 2 Excludes officials and assistants and ocean-cable employees. D ata for
the latter are incorporated in table 4.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3 Less than 0.05 percent.
^
J * ? ™ , Because of romu*ing, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal xuu.
EARNINGS OF COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS
T
able
3.
P r i n c i p a l r a d io te le g r a p h c a r r i e r s : 1 P e r c e n ta g e d i s t r i b u ti o n o f e m p lo y e e s b y a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ,2 s e le c te d
o c c u p a tio n s , O c to b e r 1 9 5 7
Average hourly earnings
$1.00 and
$1.10 and
$1.20 and
$1.30 and
$1.40 and
$1.50 and
$1.70 and
$1.90 and
$2.10 and
$2.30 and
$2.50 and
$2.70 and
$2.90 and
$3.10 and
1003
under $1.10______
under $1.20-...........
under $1.30. ____
under $1.40______
under $1.50______
under $1.70______
under $1.90______
under $2.10...... ......
under $2.30_____
under $2.50______
under $2.70--..........
under $2.90______
under $3.10 - - - ___
over________ ____
All employees
Clerical
Marine coastal Mechanics and
except officials
employees,
station
maintenance
Messengers, Radio operating
Radio
and managerial nonsupervisory
operators
technicians foot and bicycle technicians
operators
assistants3
7.2
4.5
1.5
.2
1.5
6.7
9.5
6.9
7.7
9.6
11.2
10.8
8.8
13.8
Teletype-multi
plex operators j
54.8
33.6
11.1
.6
0.3
.3
.3
.3
21.8
18.0
12.1
9.2
14.7
9.8
6.7
1.1
1.5
2.3
23.7
11.5
17.6
27.5
6.1
11.5
4. 7
9.4
13.6
9.4
29.3
33.5
07
0.4
14
7. 9
9. 3
8.2
17.9
52.7
1.8
12
4 1
29
20 7
58 5
10.4
1.7
24
28 8
12 n
18 2
10 0
29 7
3.8
Total-______ _______
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Number of workers.- . ...........
Average hourly earnings.......
3,944
$2.43
1,004
$2. 07
131
$2.61
191
$2.76
515
$1.14
279
$2. 85
241
$2.83
468
$2.23
1 Covers radiotelegraph carriers with annual operating revenues exceeding
$50,000.
3 See footnote 2, table 1.
3 Excludes employees working for radiotelegraph carriers outside the
continental United States.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.
professional employees; accordingly, individual
straight-time rates of pay were widely dispersed.
Although men and women were employed in
nearly equal numbers, they tended to be concen
trated in different jobs. Average straight-time
hourly rates for numerically important jobs pre
dominantly held by women were $1.65 for experi
enced telegraph operators (except Morse operators)
in the commercial department and $1.89 for those
in the traffic department; $1.81 for telephone oper
ators; and $1.92 for nonsupervisory clerical em
ployees. Among the job categories in which men
were predominant, average rates were $2.04 for
Morse operators, $2.22 for linemen and cablemen,
$2.28 for subscribers’ equipment maintainers, and
$2.54 for traffic testing and regulating employees.
Rates of pay of individual workers varied
substantially in many of the specific job categories.
In many instances, hourly rates of the highest
paid worker exceeded those of the lowest paid in
the same job by as much as $1 an hour. However,
in other jobs such as Morse operators, telephone
operators, and subscribers’ equipment main
tainers, individual rates were closely grouped.
The 6,484 messengers, comprising about 18
percent of the total Western Union work force,
included 4,117 full-time employees and 2,367
part-time employees. Straight-time average hourly
earnings for these 2 occupations were $1.19 and
$1.03, respectively. Foot and bicycle messengers
averaged $1.02 an hour in October 1957-—the
same as in October 1956. Motor messengers
averaged $1.49, 4 cents more than the previous
year.
Straight-time rates of pay for wire-telegraph
employees rose steadily during the past 10 years.
The average of $2.09 recorded for nonmessenger
employees in October 1957 was double the amount
reported for October 1947 ($1.05). During this
period, differentials among occupational groups
were maintained on a cents-per-hour basis; as in
many other industries, therefore, increases tended
to be greater percentagewise for the lower paid
groups.
Thus, the averages for subscribers’
equipment maintainers and linemen and cablemen have increased 85 and 84 percent, respec
tively, since 1947, compared with an increase of
105 percent for experienced telegraph operators
and 113 percent for telephone operators. Based
on either a cents-per-hour or percentage basis,
the increase in average rates of pay for messengers
was considerably smaller than that for other
occupational groups, amounting to 62 cents or
71 percent for motor messengers and 37 cents or
57 percent for foot and bicycle messengers.
Total employment of the wire-telegraph opera
tions of the company declined by about a third
during tne 10-year period—from 53,107 in October
1947 to 36,164 in October 1957. The reduction in
employment, however, was not uniform among
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1004
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
the various occupational groups. The number of
telegraph operators declined 40 percent during
the period compared with a 25-percent reduction
in the number of nonsupervisory clerical em
ployees and a decline of only slightly more than
10 percent for construction, installation, and
maintenance employees. The number of foot and
bicycle messengers dropped by almost 50 percent
between 1947 and 1957, compared with a decline
of only 15 percent in the number of motor messen
gers during the same period. Changes in the
relative employments of important occupational
groups during the past decade are indicated in
the following tabulation:
P e r c e n t of total e m p l o y m e n t in —
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
1917
1952
1957
34
18
3
32
19
3
30
14
4
16
16
18
13
16
13
17
16
18
Total employment except officials
and managerial assistants____ 53,107 39,518
36,164
Telegraph operators____________
Messengers, foot and bicycle____
Messengers, m o to r____ _______
Clerical employees, nonsupervisory _ _
______ _________
Construction, installation, and
maintenance employees__ ____
Other. ______
_______ ______
Telegraph operators and foot and bicycle
messengers accounted for a somewhat smaller
portion of the total employment in October 1957
than in 1947; however, employment in the other
job groups shown was proportionately higher.
Radiotelegraph Carriers
The 3,350 men and 594 women employees 4 of
the 5 companies engaged in transmitting nonvocal
communications by radio had average hourly
earnings of $2.43 an hour in October 1957 (table 3),
an increase of 16 cents or 7 percent since October
1956. The number of men greatly exceeded the
number of women employed in each of the major
occupational categories. Numerically important
jobs included nonsupervisory clerical employees
(average hourly earnings, $2.07), radio operators
($2.83), teletype-multiplex operators ($2.23), radio
operating technicians ($2.85), and foot and bicycle
messengers ($1.14).
Individual earnings of the 3,944 workers were
widely dispersed, the middle half ranging from
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4. Principal ocean-cable carriers: 1 Percentage
distribution of employees by average hourly earnings,J
selected occupations, October 1957
T able
Average hourly
earnings
$1.00 and under $1.10..
$1.10 and under $1.20..
$1.20 and under $1.30..
$1.30 and under $1.40..
$1.40 and under $1.50..
$1.50 and under $1.70..
$1.70 and under $1.90..
$1.90 and under $2.10—
$2.10 and under $2.30—
$2.30 and under $2.50..
$2.50 and under $2.70..
$2.70 and under $2.90..
$2.90 and under $3.10—
$3.10 and over_______
All
employees
Clerical Messen
except
Cable employ gers, foot Teletypeofficials
opera ees, non
and
multiplex
and
tors
supervi bicycle operators
managerial
sory
assistants 3
10.5
.7
.1
1.5
6.0
8.7
10.9
16.4
8.2
10.9
9.1
5.4
11.5
92.9
1.0
45.5
53.5
0.2
.4
4.2
12.3
15.0
11.7
27.9
11.5
10.6
2.3
1.9
2.1
5.8
.6
.6
2.4
20.3
36.6
35.8
.8
4.1
100.0
Total..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Number of workers. .
Average hourly earnings............................
1,361
101
480
154
123
$2.35
$2.68
$2.13
$1.11
$2.07
1 Covers ocean-cable carriers with annual operating revenues exceeding
$50,000; includes ocean-cable employees of Western Union Telegraph Co.
3 See footnote 2, table 1.
3 Excludes employees working for the ocean-cable carriers outside th e
continental United States.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of Individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.
$1.77 to $2.87. For several of the occupational
groups, however, individual worker’s earnings fell
within comparatively narrow limits—approxi
mately nine-tenths of the foot and bicycle mes
sengers earned from $1 to $1.20; nearly threefifths of the radio operators, $2.70 to $2.90; and
half of the 716 construction, installation, mainte
nance, and other technical employees, $2.70 to
$3.10.
Since October 1947, the number of radiotele
graph employees had declined approximately a
fifth. Their average hourly earnings during this
period increased about 72 percent.
Ocean-Cable Carriers
The 3 ocean-cable carriers included in the study
employed a total of 1,361 workers—1,144 men and
217 women.4 As a group, they averaged $2.35 an
hour in October 1957 (table 4)—an increase of 15
cents or 7 percent since October 1956.
Nonsupervisory clerical workers, constituting a
third of the total employment, averaged $2.13 an
* Excludes officials and managerial assistants and employees working out»
side continental United States.
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 7: SWIFT & CO.
1005
hour in October 1957, an increase of 13 cents over
October 1956. Other numerically significant oc
cupational groups and their average earnings in
October 1957 were: cable operators, $2.68; tele
type-multiplex operators, $2.07; mechanicians
(employed in construction, installation, mainte
nance, and other technical work) $2.78; and foot
and bicycle messengers, $1.11. The increases in
hourly averages for these occupational groups
since October 1956 ranged from 9 cents for mes
sengers to 19 cents for mechanicians.
Reflecting the large variety of jobs in which
they were employed, earnings of the 1,361 em
ployees covered by the study were widely dis
persed. However for most of the work categories,
individual earnings were generally within com
paratively narrow limits. Thus, more than ninetenths of the foot and bicycle messengers earned
between $1 and $1.10 an hour; more than half of
the cable operators earned between $2.70 and
$2.90, and nearly three-fourths of the teletypemultiplex operators earned between $1.90 and
$2.30 an hour.
Over the past 10 years, total employment of
ocean-cable carriers declined about a tenth.
Average hourly earnings of these workers in
October 1957 were 57 percent higher than in
October 1947.
Wage Chronology No. 7:
Swift & Co.
rate classes, gradual elimination of the wage differ
entials between men and women, and other adjust
ments designed to reduce geographical pay
differentials. Deferred increases of 7.5 cents an
hour were scheduled for September 1 of 1957 and
1958. Other terms included establishment of a
semiannual cost-of-living escalator clause, in
creased night-shift differentials and weekend
premium pay, and improvements in vacation
benefits, sick-leave allowances, separation pay,
and the hospital-medical-surgical plans. The new
agreements, to be in force from September 24,
1956, until September 1, 1959, made no provision
for a reopening.
The following tables bring the wage changes of
the Swift & Co. chronology 1up through July 1958
and take into account the revisions in supple
mentary benefits and other changes provided in
the 1956 agreements.
Supplement No. 5— 1956-58
3-year contracts between Swift & Co.
and 3 unions—the United Packinghouse Workers
of America (UPWA), the Amalgamated Meat
Cutters and Butcher Workmen (MCBW), and the
unaffiliated National Brotherhood of Packing
house Workers (NBPW)—were negotiated in
September 1956. The UPWA and MCBW agree
ments ended a 10-day strike by approximately
25,000 workers, represented by those unions, on
September 29; they were preceded by a contract
between Swift and the independent Packinghouse
Workers representing about 7,700 employees who
had not been on strike.
In addition to a 10-cent-an-hour general in
crease the first year, the contracts provided for an
0.5-cent widening of differentials between wageS eparate
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
— F r e d W . M o hr
D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relation
1 See M onthly Labor Review, July 1949 (pp. 25-31), October 1950 (pp. 476478), January 1952 (pp. 57-58), November 1955 (pp. 1259-1261), or Wage
Chronology Series 4, No. 7.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1006
A-—General Wage Changes
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; and MCBW and
UPWA agreements dated
Oct. 12, 1956).
10 cents an hour general in
crease; previous spread of 3.5
cents in job rates increased to
4 cents with resulting in
creases ranging up to an ad
ditional 13 cents an hour for
the top job classification.
Total increase averaged ap
proximately 12.3 cents an
hour.
Additional increases averaging approximately 0.7 cents
an hour, including: (1) Adjustments of certain inter
plant job-rate inequities; (2) adjustments in specific
plants as follows:
P l a n t location
Increase
{cents
per hour)
Jan. 1957 (first pay period
beginning in the month).
July 1957 (first pay period
beginning in the month).
Sept. 1,1957 (NBPW agree
ment dated Oct. 11, 1956;
M C B W and UP WA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
2 cents an hour increase.
Moultrie, Ga_________________________ 0. 5
Jackson, Miss________________________ 2. 5
Boise, Idaho_________________________ 2. 0
Lake Charles, La_____________________ 3. 0
Menominee, Mich____________________ 5. 0
Montgomery, Ala___________________
.5
and (3) increases in women’s job classifications of 1
cent an hour.
NBPW received average 7 cents an hour additional to
replace allowance for clothes-changing time and conpany-furnished clothes.
Deferred across-the-board wage-rate increases of 7.5
cents an hour effective Sept. 1, 1957, and Sept. 1,
1958, plus increases in women’s job classifications of
1 cent effective Sept. 1, 1957, and 1.5 cents effective
Sept. 1, 1958, to eliminate sex wage differentials; no
rates for women’s jobs to increase to more than rates
for equivalent jobs for men.
The new agreements provided for semiannual cost-ofliving adjustments in wage rates of 1 cent an hour
for each 0.5-point increase in the Bureau of Labor
Statistics’ Consumer Price Index above a level of
116.8 (1947-49— 100). No reductions in the cost-ofliving allowance unless the index declined 0.5-point
below the level that the index was required to reach
in order to earn the last previous increase in allow
ance.1
Semiannual adjustment of cost-of-living allowance.
3 cents an hour increase.
Semiannual adjustment of cost-of-living allowance.
7.5 cents an hour general in
crease.
In addition to job-rate increase, the following adjust
ments were made in specific plants:
Jan. 1958 (first pay period
beginning in the month).
July 1958 (first pay period
beginning in the month).
Sept. 1, 1958 (NBPW agree
ment dated Oct. 11, 1956;
M C B W and U P WA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
4 cents an hour increase_______
2. 5
Jackson, Miss_____________________
Boise, Idaho______________________
2. 0
Lake Charles, La__________________
2. 0
Additional 1 cent increase for women’s job classifica
tions, thus reducing sex wage differential from 2.5 to
1.5 cents per hour.
Semiannual adjustment of cost-of-living allowance.
4 cents an hour increase_______
Semiannual adjustment of cost-of-living allowance.
7.5 cents an hour general in
crease.
In addition to job-rate increase, the wage rates at the
Boise, Idaho, plant were increased 2 cents an hour.
Additional 1.5 cent increase for women’s job classifica
tions, thus eliminating the sex wage differential.
P l a n t location
1 The new agreements provided that semiannual eost-of-living adjustments
effective in January and July be based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Consumer Price Index for the index months of November and May as
follows:
C o n s u m e r Price I n d e x
{19^7-49=100)
Cost-of-living
allowance
117.2 or less__________________________________________ None.
117.3 to 117.7.-...................................... ............ ............................ 1 cent.
117.8 to 118.2...................................................................... ........... 2 cents.
118.3 to 118.7_____ _____ ______________________________ 3 cents.
118.8 to 119.2.......... ................ ..................- .................. ...............4 cents.
and so forth, with a 1-cent adjustment for each 0.5-point increase in the
index.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In cr e a s e
{cents
p e r hour)
A decrease in the allowance was to occur only when the index fell at least
0.5 point below that level the index was required to reach in order to earn
the last previous increase in the allowance. Examples of actual cost-ofliving allowances in the event of reductions in the C PI are shown in the
following tabulation:
Index
Allowance
116.8___________ _____ ____________ __________________ None.
117.3.......... - ............. ............................................. - ..................... 1 cent.
117.7
........................
1 cent.
117.8
____________________
2 cents.
117.5...................................................................................................2 cents.
117.1.........
1 cent.
1007
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 7: SWIFT & CO.
B—Male Unskilled (Common Labor) Hourly Rates, 1955-58
Effective date
Plant location
Union
Baltimore, M d .............
Cambridge, Mass_____
Chicago, ill________ _
Chicago, 111. (Hammond
plant)__- _________
Cleveland, Ohio______
Effective date
Aug. 1,
1955
Sept. 24,
1956
MCBW
UPWA
UPWA
$1.69
1.69
1.69
$1.79
1.79
1.79
$1.865
1.865
1.865
$1. 940
1.940
1.940
UPWA
UPWA
1.69
1.69
1.79
1. 79
1.865
1.865
1.940
1.940
Columbus, Ohio______
Denver, Colo________
Des Moines, Iowa____
Hallstead, P a________
Harrisburg, P a_______
MCBW
UPWA
UPWA
UPWA
NBPW
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.79
1.79
1. 79
1. 79
2 1.855
1.865
1.865
1.865
1.865
2 1.930
1.940
1.940
1.940
1.940
2 2.005
H a r r is o n - K e a r n e y ,
N. J ______________
Jersey City, N. J _____
Kansas City, Kans____
Menominee', Mich
Milwaukee, Wis.......... _
UPWA
UPWA
NBPW
MCBW
UPWA
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.64
1.69
1.79
1.79
21.855
1.79
1. 79
1.865
1.865
2 1.930
1.865
1.865
1.940
1. 940
2 2.005
1.940
1.940
MCBW
UPWA
UPWA
UPWA
UPWA
S****
St. Louis, M o ............... NBPW
St. Paul, M inn_______ UPWA
Sioux City, Iowa_____ UPWA
Somerville,' M ass.......... UPWA
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.865
(3)
1.865
1.865
1.865
1.940
(3)
1.940
1.940
1.940
1. 69
1.69
1.69
1.69
2 1.855
1. 79
1. 79
1.79
2 1. 930
1. 865
1.865
1.865
2 2.005
1.940
1.940
1.940
National City, 111_____
Newark, N. J . _______
New Haven, Conn____
New York, N. Y ...........
O m a h a , Np.hr
Sept. 1,
1957 »
Sept. 1,
19581
i'Does not include cost-of-living allowance.
2 Includes 6.5 cents in lieu of clothes-changing time and clothes allowance.
8 Plant closed.July 1957.
Plant location
Union
Aug. 1,
1955
Sept. 24,
1956
Sept. 1,
1957 1
Sept. 1,
1958 1
South St. Joseph, Mo
NBPW
Springfield, Mass_____ UPWA
Wichita, Kans_______ NBPW
$1.69
1.69
1.69
2 $1,855
1.79
2 1.855
2 $1. 930
1.865
21.930
2$2. 005
1.940
2 2.005
Los Angeles, C a lif___ UPWA
North Portland, Oreg-. MCBW
South San Francisco,
Calif.......... .................. MCBW
1.79
1.74
1.89
1.84
1.965
1.915
2. 040
1.990
1.83
1.93
2.005
2.075
Evansville, Ind ............
Marshalltown, Iowa__
Ogden, U tah. _______
Seottsbluff, Nebr_____
Watertown, S. D ak___
Winona, M inn_______
UPWA
NBPW
MCBW
MCBW
MCBW
UPWA
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
1. 79
21.855
1. 79
1.79
1.79
1. 79
1.865
21. 930
1.865
1.865
1.865
1.865
1.940
2 2.005
1.940
1.940
1.940
1.940
Dallas, Tex__________
Fort Worth, Tex_____
UPWA
NBPW
1.69
1.69
1.79
21.855
1.865
2 1. 930
1.940
2 2.005
Atlanta. Ga......... .........
Lake Charles, La_____
Montgomery, Ala____
Moultrie, Ga.4...............
UPWA
MCBW
MCBW
MCBW
1.69
1.64
1.635
1.635
1. 79
1.77
1.74
1.74
1.865
1. 865
1.815
1.815
1.940
1.940
1.890
1.890
Nashville, Tenn............ MCBW
Ocala, Fla___________ MCBW
San Antonio, Tex_____ NBPW
J a c k s o n , M is s 8
MCBW
Boise, Idaho A ______ MCBW
1.69
1.60
1.665
1.490
1.630
1.79
1.70
2 1.83
1.615
1.750
1.865
1.775
2 1.905
1.715
1.845
1.940
1.850
2 1.980
1.790
1.940
4 Plant now with MCBW —formerly with UPWA prior to October 1954.
* Plant covered for first time by 1956 agreement (MCBW).
C—Related Wage Practices
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
G u a r a n te e d T im e
Revised to: Guarantee applied to work on Mon
day through Friday. For workers employed
after the first of the payroll week, the 36-hour
guarantee to be reduced by the number of
hours already worked by the gang.
For employees on shift operation or on 6- or 7-day
schedule, guarantee applied to first 5 scheduled
workdays during the week.
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct.
12, 1956).
S h ift P r e m iu m P a y
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct.
12, 1956).
Sept. 1, 1957 (above agree
ments) .
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Increased to: 9.5 cents an hour.
Increased to: 10 cents an hour.
1008
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
C—Related Wage Practices- -Continued
Effective date
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Provision
Premium Pay for Saturday and Sunday Work
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Added: 5 -and 10-percent premiums for
Saturday and Sunday work respec
tively, on continuous operations.
Sept. 1, 1957 (above agree
ments) .
Sept. 1, 1958 (above agree
ments).
Increased to: 10 percent for Saturday
work and 20 percent for Sunday work
on continuous operations.
Increased to: 15 percent for Saturday
work and 30 percent for Sunday
work on continuous operations.
N ot applicable when time and one-half or double
time applied.
Eliminated, in case of workers not on continuous
operations, requirement that absences be ex
cused to preserve eligibility for time and onehalf pay for work on Saturday as such.
Doubletime for Sunday work extended to those
not on continuous operations but regularly
working on Sunday.
Holiday Pay
Substitution of local holidays permitted for
Washington’s Birthday, Decoration Day, or
Veterans’ Day.
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Paid Vacations
Dec. 31, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Dec. 31, 1957 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956).
Length of service requirement for 2week vacation reduced to 3 years.
Vacation year changed to begin December 31.
Changed to: Pay for each week of vacation com
puted on basis of 2.2 percent of employee’s
gross earnings (excluding suggestion awards)
for previous calendar year. (Pay for employee
absent 12 or more consecutive weeks because
of disability or accident during the previous
calendar year, computed on basis of his average
earnings in 4 full workweeks preceding vaca
tion).
Paid Sick Leave
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Increased to: 55 percent of employee’s
weekly regular pay for 2d consecutive
week of disability compensable under
plan, 60 percent for 3d and 4th week,
and 65 percent for 5th and subse
quent weeks. Maximum yearly ben
efit payment increased to 13 weeks
for employee with less than 7 years’
service.
No change in maximum 8-week benefit in case
of normal pregnancy.
Separation Allowance
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
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Benefits extended to employees perma
nently separated because of techno
logical changes.
Company practice at plants represented by
UPWA formalized in contract to grant separa
tion allowance if new job is offered at rate 15
cents or more below prior regular rate.
1009
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 7: SWIFT & CO.
C—Related Wage Practices--Continued
Effective date
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Provision
Clothes-Changing Time
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956).
Eliminated: Time spent in changing
clothes no longer to be considered as
working period.
Wage rates adjusted to include allowance (esti
mated at approximately 5.75 cents) for time
spent in changing clothes.
Clothes Allowance
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956).
Eliminated: Allowance of 50 cents a
week in lieu of company's furnish
ing clothes.
Wage rates adjusted to include such an allow
ance (1.25 cents an hour on a 40-hour work
week).
Meals and Meal Time
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
When agreed to locally, company could
furnish meal ticket or cash allow
ance of $1.25 in lieu of meal for each
5 hours worked beyond 1st meal
period.
Jury-Duty Pay
Added: Employee reporting for jury service on
a scheduled workday not required to report
for work on that day.
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Insurance Plan
Dec. 1, 1956 (NBPW agree
ment dated Oct. 11, 1956;
MCBW and UPWA agree
ments dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Hospitalization— Changed to: Allow
ance for private room up to maxi
mum cost of semiprivate accom
modations; maximum payment for
anesthesia when not available as a
regular hospital service increased to
20 percent of surgical indemnity or
$20, whichever was greater.
Period during which employees allowed to carry
insurance at own expense increased to 24
months after company liability ceases.
Death Benefits
Sept. 24, 1956 (NBPW
agreement dated Oct. 11,
1956; MCBW and UPWA
agreements dated Oct. 12,
1956).
Death benefit plan established provid
ing: Lump-sum payment equal to 1
week’s wages for each year of con
tinuous service, up to a maximum of
19 years, paid to surviving widow,
or if none, to unmarried dependent
children under age 18. Minimum
of 2 weeks’ pay for employees with
less than 3 years’ service.
For survivors of employees with 20 or
more years of continuous service,
lump sum equal to 8 weeks’ wages.1
1 For survivors of employees with 20 or more years of continuous service,
the company’s pension plan also provided benefits for the widow who had
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Applicable to employees: (1) on active payroll;
or (2) absent because of sickness or accident;
or (3) employees on leave of absence up to 3
consecutive months.
Wages computed on basis of 40 hours a week at
employee’s regular rate or less if regular
schedule was less than 40 hours a week.
Widow of employee having 20 or more years'
service in case marriage occurred after employee’s
50th birthday (and further provided that
there are no dependent unmarried children
under age 18 born to a wife married before
age 50), to receive lump sum equal to 20
weeks’ wages.1
married the employee before he reached the age of 50 or to their dependent
children.
1010
Price Fluctuations for
Hides and Skins
An a n a l y s i s of the wide fluctuations of hides and
skins prices reveals that they result from the
unusual nature of the demand and supply relation
ships in the hide and leather industries and the
complexities of production and marketing in these
industries. Because the production of hides varies
with changes in the production of meat products
and not in response to changes in the demand for
hides themselves, shifts in the demand for this
independently determined supply of hides largely
explain changes in hide prices. The prices of
hides and skins are “sensitive,” changing rapidly
in response to shifts in demand and to changes in
general economic conditions. Moreover, hides
are homogeneous commodities, inasmuch as hides
of a given grade and quality are identical through
out the industry, as is leather to a somewhat lesser
extent. The sequence of production from raw
material to finished leather product can be sharply
defined and price and production movements can
be traced to show the interrelationship at each
stage in the sequence.
Wholesale Price Index Fluctuations
One of the most widely used measures of hides
and skins prices is the wholesale price index of
the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
Statistics. The hides and skins subgroup of the
WPI shows wide variations, both seasonally and
in response to general market conditions. Be
tween February and July 1957, for example, the
hides and skins index rose 24 percent. It fell
back to its February level during the period from
July to January 1958. Earlier, the index had
risen sharply after the outbreak of the Korean
hostilities, reaching its highest level since World
War I (140.9, 1947-49= 100) in January 1951. It
then declined precipitously during the remainder
of 1951 and the first 4 months of 1952 to a level
barely 50 percent of its 1947-49 average. (See
table 1.)
Between 1947 and 1957, the index of hides and
skins prices has fluctuated much more widely than
the all-commodity index or the farm products
index. During that period, the hides and skins
subgroup index changed in all but one of the
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
132 months while the all-commodity index changed
127 times and the farm products index, 130 times.
Table 2 indicates the average variations in monthly
price changes for hides and skins, cattlehides,
farm products, livestock, and all commodities
from 1947 to 1957. The average deviation of the
monthly indexes for hides and skins during this
period was 7 times as great as that of the all-com
modity index and about 3 times that of farm
products.1
Prices for the hides and skins subgroup as a
whole are generally at their highest levels during
the summer and lowest during the winter months.
The seasonal behavior of cattlehides, the most
heavily weighted component within the subgroup,
is even more pronounced. Cattlehide prices are
highest during July, August, and September and
are lowest during the winter months, as can be
seen from the following tabulation:
M o n t h l y indexes, ex pr es se d as a perc en t
of a n n u a l averages, 1952 -5 7
H i d e s a n d skins
January_ _ ___ ____
February
____
____
March-_
April _
_ _____
May__ __
_ _____
____
June__ __
July-------------------- ____
____
August-_
September. _ ___ ____
____
October__
November
— ____
December _ — ____
94. 3
95. 6
95. 9
99. 7
103. 5
106. 2
106. 0
105. 6
104. 4
98. 9
98. 6
92. 1
Cattlehides
92. 0
92. 5
92. 3
98. 3
103. 4
105. 0
108. 2
109. 3
107. 9
101. 2
100. 2
90. 1
This seasonality is further illustrated by the fact
that the New York futures market in cattlehides,
the primary cattlehide futures market, allows no
discount for hides purchased for delivery during
the July-September period and currently gives
discounts of 1 to 6 percent during the balance of
the year.
This seasonal behavior is due in part to varia
tions in the quality of hides themselves. Cattle
hides from the spring and summer slaughter have
less hair, they are thicker, and they possess other
characteristics most highly valued by tanners and
manufacturers of leather products. This seasonal
improvement in quality also coincides with a
i Similar figures derived by Merrill A. Watson, who examined monthly
cattlehide prices for a 50-year period from 1891 to 1940, show that cattlehide
prices changed 564 of a possible 600 times (94 percent). The average amount
of change of cattlehide prices was several times greater than that of all com
modities; only in 1917 was it smaller. See The Economics of Cattlehide
Leather Tanning (Chicago, Rumpf Publishing Co., 1950), pp. 159-160.
1011
PRICE FLUCTUATIONS FOR HIDES AND SKINS
T a b l e
1.
W h o le s a le p r ic e in d e x — H id e s a n d s k i n s , 1 9 4 -7 -5 7
[1947-49=100]
Month
1947
1948
1949
# 1951
1950
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
January___________________________
February__________________________
M arch_____________________________
April______________________________
M ay__ ______ _____________________
June_______________ . . __________
July— .......................... — ____ ________
August____________________________
Septem ber________________________
October___________________________
November_________________________
December__________________________
93.0
97.7
100.3
94.9
91. 5
95.5
105.7
113.8
115.4
128.1
138.7
134.4
123.0
107.3
90.1
96.2
103.1
102.3
106.7
101.8
98.4
94.7
102.2
98.8
99.1
88.7
84.9
85.3
85.2
86.4
82.4
87.1
91.7
93.5
92.9
89.2
85.8
84.9
88.0
87.4
89.3
94.3
103.3
106.8
120.5
120.3
125.3
130.8
140.9
134.8
134.0
130.7
130.3
129.4
124.0
113.3
111.5
109. 5
87.6
81.7
69.7
63.7
59.6
49.7
58.1
59.5
61.8
64.4
64.4
65.0
69.2
70.6
62.1
66.5
64.8
66.4
74.8
76.3
73.4
74.6
74.2
64.4
64.3
57.7
56.8
55.4
56.0
56.5
62.5
60.6
58.2
55.8
51.5
49.5
52.7
47.4
49.5
51.6
50.7
56.9
53.3
55.7
58.2
58.9
60.9
62.3
60.2
61.1
56.6
58.2
58.3
61.9
59.0
61.2
60.4
60.4
63.3
57.8
59.0
53.8
52.1
50.1
51.0
51.8
55.8
59.4
62.1
61.5
58.2
56.8
53.8
50.3
Annual average______________ _____ -
109.1
102.1
88.9
103.0
119.0
63.0
68.3
55.2
56.6
59.2
55.2
seasonal rise in demand by tanners, who are
particularly active in the market during the
summer and early fall.
Fluctuations in hide prices affect the prices of
leather and leather products, although these
movements are dampened somewhat at the higher
production levels. Changes in leather prices run
more or less concurrently with those of hides,
while the prices of footwear, which accounts
for 78 percent of the value of shipments of all
finished leather products,2 and other finished
leather products have moved independently of
hide and skin prices (chart 1) except during periods
of extremely high prices for these commodities.
Supply and Production Factors
Changes in the demand for hides will induce
changes in hide prices, but a high or rising price
level will not serve to stimulate an increase in
hide production. Hides normally constitute 10
percent or less of the value of an entire animal—
a proportion so low that it is not normally
feasible to slaughter an animal for its hide alone.
The rate of cattle slaughter rises to seasonal
highs from August through November. It reaches
a high point in October and a winter low in
February.3 The number of hides actually reach
ing the market is, of course, dependent upon the
the level of hide prices as well as upon the level
of supplies.
Long-run cycles in the beef animal population
are caused in part by a combination of secular
2 Industry Reports MC-31A and MC-31B, 1954 Census of Manufactures
(U. S. Bureau of the Census), pp. 13 and 10, respectively.
3 Harold F. Breimeyer and Charlotte A. Kause, Charting the Seasonal
Market for Meat Animals, Agricultural Handbook No. 83 (U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture, 1955), table 2.
4 Statistical Bulletin 178 (U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Marketing Service, June 1956), pp. 19-20.
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influences, stemming from population size changes,
the land area available for grazing, drought, and
long-term changes in the patterns of food consump
tion. In addition, short-run cyclical factors in
clude the demand for meat products, the cost of
production, and Government farm policy.
The production of cattle adjusts more slowly
to changes in demand than does the production
of other hide-producing animals, agricultural
products, and most raw materials. Thorough
bred breeding stock is expensive and frequently
difficult to obtain. Only extreme increases in the
demand for meat, and hence in prices, will lead
to increases in the number of cattle. On the other
hand, a sharp decline in meat prices will cause
ranchers to reduce herd sizes. Such extremes arise,
on the one hand, when feed-beef price ratios are
favorable and when the probability of increases
in beef values is great enough to offset the cost of
adding breeding stock. On the other hand,
the necessity of liquidating stock must become
extreme before a producer will accept the conse
quent loss. Thus, even at the primary level,
forces are exerted to lessen fluctuations in the
supply of hides in response to demand and price
changes.
Domestic hides fall generally into two broad
categories: (1) Packer hides which are produced
in the course of federally inspected meat slaughter
and constitute about seven-tenths of the supply
of hides;4 and (2) the so-called “country hides’’
which are produced by small farmers and ranchers
whose slaughter activities are not accurately
recorded because they are not subject to Federal
inspection.
Packer hides are generally regarded
as the best quality. This is due partly to the fact
P a c k e r H id e s .
1012
T a b l e
fro m
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
P e r c e n t o f a v e r a g e d e v ia tio n o f m o n th ly in d e x e s
a n n u a l a v e r a g e s f o r se le c te d w h o le s a le p r ic e s e r ie s ,
2.
1947-57
Year
Hides
and
skins
Cattle Farm
hides prod
ucts
Live
stock
All
com
modities
1947................................................
1948......... .......................................
1949........ ......................................
1950................................................
1951.................................................
1952.................................................
1953................................................
1954..............................................
1955................................................
1956................................................
1957............................... ................
13.0
5.3
4.0
14.3
12.8
6.9
7.8
6.0
6.6
3.2
6.7
15.9
5.5
6.9
18.4
11.5
5.9
7.8
6.3
7.2
5.7
9.8
4.2
3.0
1.7
5.6
2.2
2.2
1.6
2.4
3.2
1.8
1.2
4.7
6.6
5.7
4.8
3.2
6.6
4.4
7.4
7.9
5.7
4.5
2.7
.9
1.4
4.2
1.0
.6
.4
.4
.5
1.0
.5
11-year average_______________
7.9
9.2
2.6
5.6
1.1
Number of monthly changes,
1947-57......... ..............................
131
124
130
131
127
N ote : The above averages were derived by taking the percentage differ
ences between the published monthly indexes and the annual averages for
each item for each given year (plus or minus signs disregarded). The above
figures represent the yearly averages of these differences.
that skilled workers and equipment available to
the larger packers are less accessible to the smaller
operators. The use of fallen (i. e., dead of disease
or some other cause than slaughter) and aged
stock by the small operators and the lack of
systematic inspection and grading are also respon
sible for this situation.
Packer hides have been considered “standard”
in the industry for many years and sales by
packers have tended to establish the market price
at any given time. As a result, hide designations
have become more or less uniform, and allowances
and discounts, based on the top grades, are made
for imperfections such as scars and grub holes as
well as for such quality differences as those
associated with seasonal factors.
C o u n tr y H id e s . Prices for country hides, although
in effect dependent upon the level of packer hide
prices, fluctuate more widely than do packer hide
prices. Increases in demand, and consequently
in prices, cause increases of greater magnitude in
country hide prices, as tanners go into the back
country market to acquire hides when they are
not available from the packers. Conversely, if
the demand for packer hides falls below current
levels of supply, country hide prices will decrease
more than packer hide prices, as buyers can
satisfy their needs almost entirely by purchasing
higher quality packer hides.
The distribution of country hides is more
complex than that of packer hides because there
are more dealers, brokers, and distributors be
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tween the producer and the tanner. Hides reach
the tanner from many sources and price changes
are “pushed” through many levels from the
tanner to the producer. Prices of country hides
therefore respond less rapidly than those of packer
hides to changes in spot market prices because of
the presence of these many levels of middlemen.
In considering the total supply of hides
and skins on the American market, it is necessary
to examine briefly the impact of imports. Cattlehide imports normally account for a very small
share of the total amount of hide imports. The
value of cattlehide imports in 1954 was only 2.7
percent of the value of all hides and skins imported
during that year.6 However, during periods of
high demand and/or low domestic slaughter
(e. g., 1947 and 1950-51), imports of cattlehides
increased sharply in response to high prices
created by this excess of demand over supply.
Domestic supplies of skins other than cattlehides are insufficient to meet the average demand,
and practically all the goatskins and about half
the sheep- and calf-skins consumed in this country
are imported.6 Another factor which may have
some bearing on the predominance of skins other
than cattlehides in the import picture is that of
import duties. Duties on cattlehides stand cur
rently at 4 percent ad valorem, but historically
they have been much higher—10 percent from
1930 to 1953 and as much as 25 percent in the
period from 1920 to 1930. In contrast, duties for
other hides have never approached the level of
cattlehide duties and at present there are no
duties on such skins.
Im p o r ts .
Demand Factors
Rapid shifts in the demand for hides appear to
be the most significant cause of the rapid and
wide fluctuations demonstrated by hide prices.
Since the demand for hides is derived ultimately
from the demand for shoes, the key to the price
movements of hides may be found in the orders
of shoe retailers, who purchase the greater part
of their stocks in November, December, and
January, in anticipation of the seasonal increase
* United States Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, Report FT-110
(U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1954), p. 13.
• E. B. Alderfer and H. E. Michl, The Economics of American Industry
(New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 2d ed. 1950), p. 473.
PRICE FLUCTUATIONS FOR HIDES AND SKINS
in consumer purchases in April and M ay.7 Like
wise, advance orders are placed in M ay and June
for the fall and early winter upturn in shoe sales.
On the basis of these orders, shoe manufacturers
begin to produce the desired quantities and styles.
Peak shoe production occurs a month to 6 weeks
in advance of the peak retail selling seasons.8
Leather purchases required by shoe manufacturers
to meet these orders are made 4 to 6 weeks prior
to the date actual production is scheduled to begin.
While sales of leather by tanners more or less
reflect the seasonal patterns of shoe production
and sales, their purchases of hides depend more
upon current and anticipated price levels for both
hides and leather. Normally 3 to 5 months elapse
between the acquisition of a given lot of hides and
the sale of the finished leather made from it. Tan
ners are unable to predict with any certainty
either the condition of the leather market or the
prices they will pay for their hides at a given time,
so that they sometimes cannot buy sufficient hides
1 Ruth P. Mack, Consumption and Business Fluctuations (New York,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1956), p. 4.
8 Ibid., p. 120.
1013
to meet their requirem ents a t prices which will
perm it them to make a profit on the finished
leather.
This uncertainty is partly responsible for the
entrance into the tanning industry by both m eatpackers and shoe m anufacturers. Shoe manufac
turers went into the tanning business to insure
sufficient supplies of leather and to cut down their
raw m aterial costs. The larger meatpackers
turned to tanning their byproduct hides partly to
stabilize hide values and partly to counteract the
highly seasonal nature of the demand for hides.
The effect of such integration has been to de
prive independent tanners of a large share of the
m arket. The m anufacturer tanners buy from the
independent tanners only to meet their peak sea
sonal requirements, since the m anufacturers tan
enough to meet their minimum m onthly require
ments. The integrated tanning operations have
further tended to work against the independents
in another way. The packer tanners have fre
quently been accused of dumping large inventories
of leather on already weak m arkets, further de
pressing leather prices.
Prices cf Hides, Leather, Footwear, and Other Leather Products, Quarterly, 1947-57
IN D E X (1947-49= 100)
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(1 9 4 7 -4 9 = 1 0 0 ) IN D EX
1014
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Leather tanning is also characterized by unusual
inventory hazards. It is probable that profits and
losses in the tanning industry result more from
business acumen or the lack of it in anticipating
price movements than from technical skills in
processing hides or skills in marketing the finished
leather.9 Raw hides are bought for cash and
represent 60 percent or more of the value of the
finished product. Tanners are faced with fluctuat
ing prices for both raw materials and finished
leather. The length of time a particular purchase
of hides is tied up in production also puts them at
a particular disadvantage. In the meantime, if
prices rise, the tanner makes a profit; if they fall,
his profits are greatly reduced or wiped out entirely.
Tanners appear to be more at the mercy of the
unpredictable nature of market prices of both raw
m aterial and product than are hide producers and
shoe manufacturers. The relationship of demand
and the quantity of leather supplied is more or less
a direct one. For example, increases in the de
mand for leather by m anufacturers will be reflected
in increased shipments by tanners. However, a t
the tanning stage, it is the price of hides, not the
quantity supplied, which reacts to changes in de
m and. M eatpackers, as a result, do not routinely
dispose of hides as they are produced but perm it
hide inventories to rise and fall inversely to changes
in price levels.
Adjustment to an Automatic
Airline Reservation System
the airline industry. Other im portant innova
tions in this fast expanding industry include the
introduction of high-speed, jet aircraft, the
growth of helicopter taxi service, mechanization
of baggage and freight handling, and the improve
m ent of air navigation and traffic controls through
electronics.
The planning and development of|bne of the
first autom atic reservation systems by a large
airline, and some of the implications for the
workers affected, are described in a case study
by the U. S. D epartm ent of Labor’s Bureau of
Labor Statistics.1 The description, though not
intended to be typical of changes at other com
panies, should be useful in indicating the general
nature of the developments th a t m ay occur a t the
office level as similar electronic systems are
introduced.
I nstallation of an automatic reservation system
at a large airline reservation office marked the
beginning of a major development in the applica
tion of electronics to airline office work. At this
major terminal, some office jobs were upgraded as
a result of adopting the new system, and new
technical and professional jobs were created.
Simultaneous expansion of office functions, coupled
with planned worker education and retraining,
prevented personnel dislocation, even though the
labor savings were substantial.
With the number of passengers carried by
scheduled airlines increasing to 50 million in 1957,
more than 3 times as many as in 1947, manual
office methods had become a bottleneck in
handling flight space reservations. Automation
was first introduced by these lines in 1952 and by
1959, virtually all of the 12 large domestic trunk
lines will have installed an automatic reservation
system. Together, the 12 airlines carry most of
the airline passengers and have nearly 16,000
ticket and reservation employees—about 16 per
cent of all persons employed by these lines.
Automatic data processing is one of a wide
variety of technological changes taking place in
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—J ames C. D augherty
Division of Prices and Cost of Living
• Alderfer and Mich], op. cit., p. 474.
Prior Reservation System
The introduction of the electronic reservation
system at Airline X, in July 1952, was intended to
facilitate the handling of a growing volume of
1 A Case Study of an Automatic Airline Reservation System, BLS Report
137. This study, based on interviews with management officials, observation
of employees at work (the office employees were not organized), and analysis
of occupational and other records, is the fifth in a series of case studies on
automatic technology. For a summary of the first 4 studies, see Monthly
Labor Review, January and September 1956, pp. 15-19 and 1037-1040, respec
tively, and September 1957, pp. 1083-1087.
AUTOMATION OF AN AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM
requests and to secure a greater degree of control
over flight space inventory. Under the old
method, ticket sales or cancellations were posted
manually to a ledger which recorded the specific
trip, date, and destination. When an entry
resulted in the sellout of a flight, this information
was provided to the operator of the visual quota
tion (availability) board and ultimately to other
reservation offices. Not only were delays and
errors inherent in this system, but it was antici
pated that manual inventorying methods would
become increasingly cumbersome as traffic ex
panded, with expense rising out of proportion to
the increase in workload.
Development of the Electronic System
Planning for a new system of reservation control
was started during World War II. A system was
built by an outside firm to the airline’s specifica
tions, subsequent to experimentation by a com
pany engineer.
Under the present electronic reservation system,
a sales agent checks availability of space by
inserting a destination plate into his handset (a
metal boxlike device on his desk) and pressing
buttons corresponding to the date of the flight
and the number of seats desired. If space is
available, a light is illuminated on the set. At
the same time, availability of alternate flights is
indicated. In essence, the new system uses
electronic signals instead of oral messages in
communicating reservation data, and electronic
instead of manual methods in filing and searching
information.
Productivity and Displacement
The experience of Airline X suggests that the
significant labor savings in certain recordkeeping
functions can be handled without dislocation of
office personnel, especially if introduced during a
period of rapid and extensive growth in the reser
vation office’s activities. One tangible result of
the new system was a reduction of about 85
2
The attitude of reservation employees, so far as it could be ascertained,
appeared to be one of acceptance of the new techniques as a tool of their job.
This viewpoint was particularly emphasized in responses of agents in an
opinion poll conducted by the airline at the office where a first experimental
system was installed in 1946. These agents unanimously agreed that the
new system was a convenience to them on their job and helped them to serve
the passengers. The favorable reactions of these employees weie cited in
persuading top officials to extend the experimental system, in 1952, to the
major terminal.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1015
percent in the unit man-years required for the
inventory function. A total of 32 man-years,
about 11 percent of the total man-years utilized
in this reservation office in 1952, were saved.
However, since manpower requirements in office
functions not directly affected by the new system
were rapidly expanding at the airline studied, it
was possible to absorb these labor savings without
displacement of any individual employee. More
over, since inventorying flight space and posting
flight status were only part of several clerical
duties performed by each reservation agent, no
specific individual job was eliminated. Actually,
the number of employees at the office studied
increased from 295, at the time of installation of
the computer in June 1952, to 529 in June 1956.
The management of Airline X made special
efforts to dispel any fears of displacement and to
train its employees in the operation of the new
equipment. The personnel office informed all
employees that no one would be laid off or down
graded as a result of the changes. Stories pub
lished in the company’s house organ described the
system, emphasizing its value to the sales agent in
minimizing telephone calls and facilitating sales.2
Training and Job Changes
Office J o b s . In general, office employees in X
airline’s reservation work were young persons, a
large proportion of whom were girls. According
to company officials, relatively few considered
themselves career employees. Few were over
age 40. The policy of the airline was to hire
clerical and sales employees at the lowest grade
and to promote them to higher paid positions,
when available, on the basis of seniority and
ability. All employees were paid on a monthly
salary basis; commissions or other incentive pay
ments were not paid to reservation employees.
The changeover to the automatic reservation
system brought about modifications in the con
tent of office jobs. The strictly routine tasks of
posting each sale on a sales control chart and the
cumbersome method of using a visual display
board to denote availability of flight space were
both eliminated. One outcome was some en
largement of the sales function. The job title
of “clerk” was replaced by “sales” or “service”
agent. An upgrading took place for two em
ployees who perform the functions of Specialist
1016
(Rcser visor Information) and Assistant to the
Specialist. These two new jobs, directly con
nected with the autom atic system, involve the
preparation of data on seating capacity and on
flight scheduling and the application of complex
reservation procedures.
The company initiated a special training pro
gram for supervisors, who subsequently trained
reservation employees. Classes for training in
structors began while the equipment was being
installed. About 40 supervisors and lead agents
received a week’s instruction from the company’s
research engineer on the operation of the agent’s
handset and the broader aspects of the reservation
system. An instructor’s manual was prepared
for use in training sales employees on the job.
Instruction on the reservation system is now
carried on as a regular part of the basic classroom
program for indoctrinating new sales personnel.
Recently, the airline lengthened this indoctrina
tion training—which had covered from 5 to 7 days—
to 8 to 10 days. After a week of subsequent onthe-job training, under his supervisor, the em
ployee receives an additional 26-33 hours of
advanced classroom instruction.
T e c h n ic ia n J o b s . Seven new technician jobs were
set up in connection with maintaining the new
system. The technicians, who were previously
employed as repairmen in the airline’s radio shop,
had worked directly and constantly on equip
ment. In contrast, the technician now works alone
in an air-conditioned, noiseless control room. He
works in his street clothes, and the only time he has
direct contact with the automatic equipment is
during preventive maintenance tests or on oc
casions when the equipment is out of order. The
technicians were given specialized training by the
manufacturer of the system, and attended classes 1
day a week for about 6 months.
Though the actual level of knowledge required
to maintain the reservation equipment is not
greater than that required for tasks previously
performed in the radio maintenance shop, it has
now become necessary for the technicians to
assume individual responsibility for the equip
ment and to work under pressure and often
without supervision, whenever the equipment is
out of order. The technician’s function has
changed from that of a “production type” re
pairman who worked on a variety of complex
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
equipment to that of a skilled “watchman”
whose task is to maintain one piece of equipment
vital to the company’s sales operations.
A group of professional jobs
concerned with electronic data-processing research
was also created, following the advent of the
new reservation system. This group is comprised
of five “systems engineers.” These professionally
trained persons perform duties which involve
planning systems development and extending
electronic methods to all clerical activities of the
company. Their annual salaries start at $7,000.
The qualifications for systems engineers include
education at college level and cover a variety of
airline experience. It is interesting to note that
4 of the 5 men in the group have college degrees
in business administration and the social sciences.
All have had considerable and varied work ex
perience with the company.
P r o fe s s io n a l J o b s .
Outlook
Company officials view the automatic reserva
tion system as a major first step in introducing
automation into the airline’s complex data-proc
essing activities. Moreover, it is anticipated that
all the large reservation offices might eventually
be joined together in one vast network, and
services among the different airlines intercon
nected. Such developments might have a more
marked impact on airline office employment than
the use of electronic data processing in reservation
work so far. Other areas of electronic data
processing, such as revenue and ticket accounting,
are being explored.
Anticipating transition to the “jet age,” some
airline officials believe that whereas some oc
cupations will be eliminated, wholesale disloca
tions need not occur provided the changes are grad
ual and workers are retrained for new positions
connected with the planning, programming, and
operation of the electronic systems. These
officials are of the opinion that they may need a
more complete and specific inventory of the skills
and educational attainments of their employees
than is available at present, to facilitate retraining
and reassignment.
—E dward B. J akubauskas
Division of Productivity and
Technological Developments
Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*
Labor Relations
A United
States court of appeals held 1 that a union presi
dent who accepted checks from employers for a
union welfare fund established under a collective
bargaining agreement and deposited them in an
account over which he possessed complete and
sole control and from which he made withdrawals
for his own personal benefit, thereby “received”
money from employers in violation of section 302
(b) of the Labor Management Relations Act.
P a y m e n t s to E m p lo y e e R e p r e s e n ta tiv e s .
In this case, two allied corporations each gave
the union’s president its check payable to the
union. Each check had a voucher attached show
ing th a t it covered the employer’s contribution to
the welfare fund. Instead of depositing the checks
in the union’s regular bank account for welfare
funds, from which withdrawals had to be signed
by both the union president and an employer
representative, the president opened a new account
in another bank in the name of the welfare fund.
Subsequently, he gave the bank w hat purported
to be a resolution of the union giving him authority
to draw against this new account over his signa
ture alone. Later, he made withdrawals from the
account for his personal benefit. The employers,
upon discovering these events, protested; the bank
closed out the account and gave the balance re
maining on deposit to the president, who deposited
the am ount to the union’s general account. He
was the only person authorized to draw on the
latter account and he drew against it for his
personal use and general purposes of the union.
In affirming the decision of a district court
th a t the union president’s conduct had violated
the LM RA, the court of appeals rejected his con
tention that, since the checks from the employers
were payable to the union’s welfare fund and
were deposited to the credit of th a t fund, he
could not be said to have himself received any
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
“money or other thing of value” from the em
ployers in violation of section 302 (b). The court
declared that Congress intended, in sections 302
(a) and (b), to prevent collusion between those
negotiating a collective bargaining agreement and
that Congress spoke in broad terms in these sec
tions in order to prevent circumvention of that
policy “by subtle and devious devices”—one of
which was “the creation of spurious union welfare
funds.”
However, the court expressed unconcern with
whether or not the employers were also guilty,
stating that a finding that an employer is guilty
under section 302 (a) of the act of paying or agree
ing to pay a representative of his employees is
not essential to sustain the conviction of an em
ployee representative under section 302 (b).
U n io n R e c o g n itio n D is c la im e r . The National La
bor Relations Board overruled one of its former
decisions and held 2 that the action of a union, in
seeking to place an employer on an “unfair list”
while it was picketing the employer’s plant, was
an attempt to obtain recognition as a bargaining
representative, despite union claims that the pick
eting was for organizational purposes only. There
fore, the Board granted the employer’s request for
a representation election under section 9 (c) (1)
of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended,
which provides that if the Board finds that a
question of representation exists it shall direct an
election and certify the results thereof.
In this case, following the employer’s refusal to
introduce union representatives to its employees
and to allow them to address the employees on
company time, the union picketed at the employ
er’s premises. Shortly thereafter, the employer
received a letter from the city labor council with
which the union was affiliated advising him that
the union had requested that the employer’s name
be placed on the council’s “unfair list.”
When the employer subsequently petitioned the
NLRB for an election, the union contended that
‘ Prepared in the U. S. Department of I abor, Office of the Solicitor. The
cases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant decisions
believed to be of special interest. No attem pt has been made to reflect all
recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of labor law or
to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the existence of
local precedents, or a different approach by the courts to the issue presented.
1A r r o y o v. U n i t e d States (C. A. 1, June 25, 1958).
2 Ca rt er M a n u f a c t u r i n g Co . and District L o d g e N o . 24, In ternational A s s o
ciation o f M a c h i n i s t s , 120 NLRB No. 204 (June 24, 1958).
1 0 1 7
1018
the petition should be dismissed because the union
had made no demand for recognition as majority
representative of the employer’s employees as
required by section 9 (c) (1).
The Board rejected that contention, reasoning
that the question of representation of employees
existed because the conduct of the union in seeking
to place the employer on an “unfair list” while
picketing the plant constituted an attempt to ob
tain conditions and concessions normally resulting
from collective bargaining and was, therefore,
tantamount to a claim for recognition.
In the decision 3 overruled by this holding, the
Board had dismissed a representation petition
after a hearing, stating that the fact that a union
“is engaged in a campaign to organize those em
ployees by advising the public and soliciting its
support to put economic pressure on the employer,
clearly indicates a desire on the union’s part ulti
mately to bargain on their behalf, but it does not
indicate that it presently claims to represent
them.”
A
United States court of appeals held 4that a Federal
district court is empowered, by section 301 of the
Labor Management Relations Act, to compel per
formance of an arbitration agreement in a collec
tive bargaining contract although the dispute
which the union seeks to have arbitrated is limited
to the grievance of a single employee.
This action was brought by the union against
the employer with whom it had entered into the
collective bargaining agreement, in order to compel
the employer to submit to arbitration the dis
charge from employment of one of the union’s
members. The contract provided that the em
ployer could discharge an employee only for just
and sufficient cause and was required to arbitrate
grievances which could not be settled otherwise.
The court of appeals, in affirming a district
court’s decision, rejected the employer’s conten
tion that section 301 does not permit a union to
enforce the arbitration of a grievance of one of its
members who has an adequate remedy of his own
and that such a suit is precluded by the U. S.
Supreme Court’s decision in Association oj Westinghouse Salaried Employees v. Westinghouse Elec
tric Corp.5 In that case, the Supreme Court had
held that an action by a union to recover wages
allegedly due workers under the provisions of a
Arbitration of Grievance of One Employee.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
collective bargaining agreement could not be
brought in a Federal court. The Supreme Court
had indicated in th a t opinion th at the individual
employee could enforce his rights by bringing suit
in a State court.
The court of appeals distinguished the Westinghouse case, saying that in the case before it the
court was not being asked to determine the pro
priety of an individual employee’s discharge or to
afford him any remedy. The court noted that the
union was requesting, instead, that the employer
perform his contractual obligation “which runs to
the union” and is, therefore, enforceable by the
union under section 301.
Rejected, as well, was the employer’s second de
fense, that the contract had expired before arbi
tration was requested. The court found that the
union was entitled to arbitration since it had re
quested it during the life of the contract and, al
ternatively, reasoned: “If and when the agreement
to arbitrate was breached, the union’s cause of
action to specifically enforce the agreement to
arbitrate arose and continued unaffected by time
until the breach of it was determined and com
pliance with it ordered.”
A United
States court of appeals held 6 that section 301 of
the Labor Management Relations Act confers
jurisdiction on a Federal district court to compel
arbitration of a dispute concerning discharges of
employees for conduct during a strike, even though
the discharges may involve an unfair labor prac
tice exclusively within the jurisdiction of the
National Labor Relations Board.
The parties to the suit had entered into a collec
tive bargaining agreement which provided that
any unsettled difference arising between the em
ployer and any employee as to the meaning, appli
cation, or interpretation of the contract might be
submitted to arbitration. The union sued in a
Federal district court to compel the employer to
arbitrate a dispute involving the discharges of
employees. In defense, the employer maintained
first that the arbitration provisions of the contract
were not applicable since the discharges were made
Jurisdiction of Arbitrator and N L R B .
3 S m i t h ’s
Co . and L o c a l 983, Retail C l er ks In te rn at io na l A s s o
(Mar. 29, 1951).
4 I t e m C o . v. N e w O r l e a n s N e w s p a p e r G u i l d (C. A. 5, June 26, 1958).
8 348 U. S. 437 (1955). See Monthly Labor Review, June 1955, p. 679.
8 L o d g e 1 ,®, District 37, In ternational A s s o c i a t i o n of M a c h i n i s t s v. C a m e r o n
I r o n W o r k s (C. A. 5, June 30, 1958).
Hardware
ciation, A F L
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
because of misconduct during a strike, which the
parties did not intend to be arbitrable; and second
th at, if applicable, such m atters were within the
exclusive jurisdiction of the National Labor Rela
tions Board. The district court had upheld the
employer on the first defense and declined to
consider the second.
In reversing the district court, the court of ap
peals found that the dispute was arbitrable under
the arbitration provisions of the agreement which,
it deemed, expressed a broad arbitration policy.
Furthermore, the appellate court rejected the em
ployer’s second defense, that the exclusive jurisdic
tion of the NLRB precluded the lower court from
taking jurisdiction of the case. It drew a distinc
tion between contract provisions and matters com
mitted exclusively to the Board. The court stated
that while one act “may be both an arbitrable
contract violation and an unfair labor practice, a
breach of contract is not an unfair labor practice.”
It held that, since the enforcement of a contract to
arbitrate grievances is different from an adjudica
tion of an unfair labor practice by the National
Labor Relations Board, the exclusive jurisdiction
of the Board in the latter case does not preclude
the court from entering a judgment in the former.
Wages and Hours
A United
States court of appeals sustained 7 the validity
of a regulation of the Secretary of Labor expressly
excluding byproduct operations performed during
the processing of fresh citrus fruits into canned
or concentrated frozen juices or fruit from the
overtime exemption provided by section 7 (b) (3)
of the Fair Labor Standards Act for “seasonal”
industries.
In this case, the employer was engaged in the
production of frozen citrus concentrate and citrus
livestock feed for interstate commerce. All of
the employer’s office, boilerroom, maintenance,
and citrus molasses and feed employees, regularly
worked in excess of 40 hours a week during the
citrus season without receiving the minimum
rate of one and one-half times their regular rate
of pay for employment in excess of 40 hours a
workweek, which the act requires to be paid
unless one of its exceptions applies.
Exemption in a Seasonal Industry.
1 Libby, M c N e i l
• M i t c h e l l v.
& L i b b y v.
Mitchell
(C. A. 5, June 26,1958).
(C. A. 5, June 30,1958).
E m p i r e G a s E n g i n e e r i n g Co.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1019
The Secretary of Labor brought the action to
enjoin the employer from violating the overtime
and recordkeeping requirements of the Fair
Labor Standards Act and from shipping in inter
state commerce goods which were produced by
persons in violation of the overtime provisions.
Before the court of appeals, the Secretary
successfully defended the district court’s determin
ation that it was proper for him, in determining
seasonality of industries under the section 7 (b)
(3) exemption, to allow the exemption to the
canning and processing of citrus juices but to
deny it to certain byproduct operations carried
on simultaneously. The court indicated that
actually none of the Florida citrus operations is
truly “seasonal,” but the exemption had been
allowed to the juice phase of the citrus fruit
industry because juices compete nationwide with
other fresh fruit and vegetable products which are
produced by seasonal industries and consequently
are exempt. Thus, citrus pulp cattle feed pro
duction, which is a nonseasonal operation, is an
“industry” separate and apart from that industry.
F L S A Coverage oj M ilitary Installation. A United
States court of appeals held 8 that employees of a
government contractor constructing a jet re
fueling system for the restoration of an air base
were engaged in commerce under the Fair Labor
Standards Act because the airfield has been used
commercially to a sufficient extent during the
interval when it was not used for military purposes.
The air base involved in this case had been
constructed during World War II and was used
by the Army during the war. The base was
damaged by a hurricane in September 1945 and
subsequently, in November 1946, the control
of it was transferred to the War Assets Adminis
tration. By deeds of 1947 and 1948, the property
was then conveyed to Dade County, Fla., on
condition that it “be used for public airport
purposes and only for such purposes . . .” The
field was established as an operating airport,
but its use had considerably diminished by the
early fifties. However, in 1952, although no
aircraft were kept at the port, the runways were
still usable and infrequent and intermittent
takeoffs and landings were made, some to or from
points outside Florida.
In late 1952 or early 1953, Dade County
transferred the property back to the United
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1020
States. The base then became a part of the
Strategic Air Command of the United States Air
Force, and the employer involved in the case
contracted for the construction of jet bulk fuel
storage tanks and fueling systems.
The Secretary of Labor brought the action
against the employer, charging violation of the
provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act re
quiring compensation equal to at least one and
one-half times the employees’ regular wage rate
for work in excess of 40 hours a week and the
keeping of records of time and pay of employees.
The employer contended that because the work
was done on an instrumentality of war and was
new construction, it was not within the coverage
of the act.
The court of appeals asserted that an airfield
could be an instrumentality of commerce despite
the fact that it was also an instrumentality of war,
just as the manufacture of munitions in a Govern
ment-owned plant under a Government contract
has been held 9 by the Supreme Court to be the
production of goods for commerce.
The court of appeals stated that practical con
siderations and not technical conceptions should be
used to determine whether work is in interstate
commerce. The test is whether the work is so
closely “related to the functioning of an instru
mentality . . . of interstate commerce as to be,
in practical effect, a part of it, rather than isolated
local activity.” Furthermore, it cited previous
Supreme Court decisions which extended “. . .
Federal control . . . throughout the furthest
reaches of the channels of interstate commerce.”
Accordingly, the appellate court found that the
employer was engaged in repair, reconstruction,
and extension of an existing instrumentality of
commerce and hence subject to the overtime
provisions of the act.
However, the court of appeals affirmed the dis
trict court’s denial of an injunction. In so doing,
the appellate court stated that the issuance of an
injunction in such cases is discretionary and that
its purpose is to prevent future violations. Since
there was no showing that the employer then had
or was likely to have another such contract, the
court of appeals found no abuse of discretion in
the district court’s refusal to grant injunctive
relief. The court of appeals noted, however:
“The good faith reliance upon advice of counsel as
a factor in the denial of the injunction was, per
haps, overemphasized by the district court.”
• P o w e l l v.
U n i t e d States Cartridge Co.,
339 U. S. 497 (1950).
Union Conventions, October 16 to November 15, 1958
D ate
October 20---October 20__
October 24---October 27---October 27__„
November 10_
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
O rganization
Place
United Brick and Clay Workers of America_______ St. Louis, Mo.
United Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers Inter- Seattle, Wash.
national Union.
The American Railway Supervisors Association___ Chicago, 111.
National Brotherhood of Packinghouse Workers Harrisburg, Pa.
(Ind.).
Alabama Labor Council________________________
Montgomery, Ala.
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of St. Louis, Mo.
America.
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
July 1, 1958
Mutual Life Insurance Co. and the Insur
ance Workers of America signed a 2-year contract provid
ing for a package increase reportedly worth from $4.02 to
$4.60 a week, which included improvements in commis
sions, life and accidental-death insurance, medical coverage,
the retirement plan, and vacations. (See also p. 1025 of
this issue.)
J
ohn
H ancock
July 2
A n a g r e e m e n t on a 1-year contract for about 14,000
workers in 10 trades (excluding carpenters and machinists)
was announced by the Pacific Coast District Metal Trades
Council and West Coast shipbuilders, providing for an
11-cent hourly wage raise that will bring the journeymen’s
hourly scale to $2.73, plus improved paid holiday and
welfare benefits. (See also p. 1024 of this issue.)
July 3
T h e F e d e r a l c o u r t o f a p p e a l s in New York City ruled
that the U. S. Supreme Court decision in the J e n c k s case,
that defendants could inspect Government witnesses’
pretrial statements on matters regarding which the
witnesses later testify, applies not only to criminal but also
to civil proceedings, such as National Labor Relations
Board hearings on unfair-labor-practice charges. The case
was N L R B v. A d h e s iv e P r o d u c ts C o r p .
July 4
R a t i f ic a t io n of a 3-year contract affecting 11,000 aircraft
workers in Baltimore, Md., was announced by the Martin
Co. (formerly Glenn L. Martin Co.) and the United
Automobile Workers. Among contract terms were provi
sions for hourly wage increases of 4 to 13 cents plus an
increase of 3 percent in 1959, and a wage reopening in 1960.
(See also p. 1024 of this issue.)
July 5
T h e R a il w a y C l e r k s and Braniff International Airways
settled a long-term dispute by agreement on a contract
retroactive to December 1, 1957. Monthly salaries for
2,300 ground service personnel are to be increased from
$35 to $50 in 3 steps, the last one effective December 1959.
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July 8
A 38- day s t r i k e at the Philadelphia Inquirer was ended
as Newspaper Guild members approved a 2-year contract
providing for an immediate weekly wage increase ranging
from $3 to $5 and a deferred raise of $2, a clause basing
dismissal for economy reasons on seniority, and other
improvements. The Teamsters, who had also struck, had
settled on June 26 with the Inquirer, and the Camden
Courier-Post and the Philadelphia Bulletin (not organized
by the Guild), but they continued to stay off their jobs
until the Guild-Inquirer agreement was concluded. (See
also p. 1024 of this issue.)
T h e R e t a i l C l e r k s and department and specialty stores
in the San Francisco area agreed on terms of a 3-year con
tract, retroactive to June 1, calling for a 5-cent hourly wage
raise, 2 wage reopenings, and other improvements for
about 6,000 employees. (See also p. 1025 of this issue.)
July 10
T h e H o u s in g A u t h o r it y of New York City withdrew
from the city’s salary plan and signed a wage agreement
with the City Employees Union, Teamsters Local 237, to
improve its pay position for competition with private
industry. The 1-year contract provides for higher pay
levels and overtime pay for about 2,600 maintenance and
service workers in municipal housing projects.
A n e m p l o y e r may not insist that a bargaining contract
include a provision that liability for violation of a no-strike
clause shall extend to the international union, the NLRB
held in N o r th C a r o lin a F u r n itu r e , I n c . and L o c a l 2 5 0 6 ,
U n ite d B r o th e r h o o d o f C a r p e n te r s .
The provision is not a
mandatory subject for collective bargaining as relating to
“wages, hours, and other terms and working conditions of
employment.”
July 11
a c o n t r a c t r e o p e n i n g c l a u s e , the United Rubber
Workers negotiated an 8-cent hourly wage increase, retro
active to July 7, with General Tire and Rubber Co. for
3,500 workers in Akron, Ohio, and Waco, Tex. The pact
was patterned on earlier agreements with the Goodyear,
Goodrich, and Firestone rubber companies. Negotiations
on pensions and insurance benefits were deferred until
April 1959. (See also p. 1023 of this issue.)
U nder
h e NLRB o f f i c e in Los Angeles announced that the
Musicians Guild of America, formed last March by dis
sident members of American Federation of Musicians
Local 47 after the latter called a strike against 8 major
film producers, had won a representation election among
the struck companies’ musicians, thus ending the strike
and the 30-year AFM monopoly in the film industry.
T
July 14
T h e N e w Y o r k T e l e p h o n e C o . announced that 1-year
contracts, subject to union membership ratification, had
1021
1022
been reached with 3 independent unions for about 11,500
upstate workers, calling for weekly wage increases of $1 to
$2 for clerical and traffic department personnel and $2.50
to $3 for non clerical and commercial employees. (See
also p. 1025 of this issue.)
On July 25, amidst a dispute between the company
and the United Telephone Organizations (Ind.), repre
senting 20,000 maintenance workers, over the company’s
insistence on continuing a contract “flexibility clause,”
an arbitrator ruled that, under the present contract, the
company could not assign workers of lower job classifica
tion to jobs traditionally performed by a higher graded
group.
July 15
T he t h r e e - m em ber a r b itr a tio n board in a dispute
between the U. S. Department of Interior and five unions
representing “nonoperating” employees of the Govern
ment-owned Alaska Railroad ruled, with the Department’s
representative dissenting, that the cost-of-living differ
ential to be applied to wage increases provided in the
November 1, 1956, agreement between the parties, which
was patterned after an agreement negotiated by the
Northern Pacific Railway, should be 37 percent. (See
also p. 965 of this issue.)
T h e P e n n s y l v a n ia Secretary of Labor and Industry
announced the appointment of a new board to recommend
minimum wage rates for women and minors employed in
the State’s restaurant, hotel, and motel industries. A
new wage order will subsequently be issued to replace an
earlier one (see Chron. item for Jan. 3, 1958, MLR, Mar.
1958) which was set aside by a county court on May 12.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
take jurisdiction of the case (see Chron. item for Nov. 14,
1955, MLR, Jan. 1956), held that, because the right to
promotion is personal, a suit for recovery of damages for
discriminatory denial of promotions should be on behalf
of the individual employees, whose claims would neces
sarily be for different amounts. The case was S y r e s v.
O il W o r k e r s I n te r n a tio n a l U n io n , L o c a l 2 3 .
July 21
T h e P r e s i d e n t i a l E m e r g e n c y B o a r d in the dispute be
tween Eastern Air Lines, Inc., and the Flight Engineers
over crew composition on jet airliners (see Chron. item for
Jan. 21, 1958, MLR, Mar. 1958) released its report, recom
mending that the third man (besides the pilot and copilot)
in the cockpit be a flight engineer with minimum pilot
qualifications. (See also p. 1028 of this issue.)
On July 30, the Flight Engineers announced a new con
tract with Trans World Airlines for about 700 engineers.
The pact, effective August 1 and to run until January 1,
1961, calls for a flight engineer on all the company’s planes
and salary increases, retroactive to October 26, 1957, of
9 to 14 percent for flights on piston craft and an additional
20 percent for jet flights.
T h e Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union took control
of its Cicero, 111., Local 450, whose officers were recently
charged with racketeering and strong-arm organizing
methods by the Senate Select Committee on Improper
Activities in the Labor or Management Field. A special
committee of the international will make an investigation
of the bargaining agreements and records of the 11 Chicago
area locals of the union. (See also p. 1028 of this issue.)
July 28
July 16
A 3-y ea r a g r e e m e n t between the International Long
shoremen’s Association (Ind.) and the Pan-Atlantic Steam
ship Corp. was concluded, enabling the company to initiate
a trailership service (sea transportation of truck trailers
loaded with goods) between the port of New York and
Puerto Rico. The pact calls for the standard East Coast
wage rate, which is higher than Puerto Rico scales, for
ILA longshoremen unloading the trailer carriers in Puerto
Rico.
July 18
N egro em plo y ees who claimed that they had been denied
promotions because the union representing them had
negotiated an agreement providing separate seniority
rosters for white and Negro employees lost a class action
for damages in the Federal court of appeals in New Orleans.
The court, in affirming the decision of a Federal district
court which had been ordered by the Supreme Court to
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T h e s t r i k e of the United Hatters in 6 States ended a s
7,000 of the 8,000 cap makers on strike returned to work
after ratifying an agreement reached several days earlier
with cap manufacturers. Under the contract, the em
ployers agreed to contribute 1 percent of payrolls to a sales
promotion campaign, to use the union label, and to try to
curb nonunion competition. (See also p. 1024 of this issue.)
July 30
T h e U. S. S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r announced that an agree
ment had been reached with a committee composed of
agricultural employer representatives from each State,
calling for “fair wages” for Mexican farm labor to be em
ployed under contract in the United States this year. The
agreement endorsed a new formula for determining pre
vailing wages, which would protect the wages of domestic
farm workers, and a policy assuring competent Mexican
laborers working at piece rates an average wage of at least
50 cents an hour.
Developments in
Industrial Relations*
the workers affected—largely in aircraft, electrical
manufacturing, chemicals, and trucking—received
quarterly increases (except in trucking, where
adjustments are on a semiannual basis) ranging
from 1 to 3 cents an hour.
After a 2-week recess of bargaining
talks, negotiations resumed on July 14 between
the United Automobile Workers and the Big
Three automobile manufacturers (General Motors,
Ford, and Chrysler).1 Contract talks, however,
continued to drag, and as the month drew to a
close and the time for the industry’s annual model
changeover approached, there was more talk of a
strike deadline.
Negotiations between the UAW and three major
producers of farm equipment were also stalemated
as contracts with the Caterpillar Tractor Co.,
International Harvester Co., and Deere and Co.
were due to expire in late July and early August.
As the expiration dates of the contracts were
reached, however, the parties agreed to indefinite
extensions pending continued negotiations.
Preliminary sparring took place in July between
the International Union of Electrical, Radio and
Machine Workers (AFL-CIO) and the General
Electric Co. over the union’s demand for a guaran
teed annual wage. (Under a 5-year contract
signed in 1955,2 the union has the right to reopen
the contract in 1958 on matters concerning em
ployment security.) At a 2-day meeting of the
union’s GE Conference Board, an 8-point declara
tion of policy was adopted including a statement
that “If in spite of all our efforts no agreement is
reached by October 1, there will be no work at
GE plants on October 2.” The company replied
that a walkout at GE would “turn the temporary
uncertainty of unemployment into a lasting cer
tainty for many IUE members for a long, long
time.”
Agreements calling for across-the-board
8-cent hourly wage-rate increases (averaging about
3.1 percent) were negotiated in July by the Big
Four rubber manufacturers and the United Rubber
Workers for about 71,000 workers. It was agreed
to defer negotiations on pension and insurance
benefits until April 1959, when the “master”
contracts expire. The pattern for this year’s
wage bargaining in the industry was set on July 1
by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. and B. F.
Goodrich Co.; settlement terms were agreed to a
few days later by Firestone Tire and Rubber Co.,
and on July 14 by U. S. Rubber Co. The increases
were to become effective on June 30 at Goodyear,
Goodrich, and Firestone and on July 7 at U. S.
Rubber.
About 3,000 workers also represented by the
Rubber Workers were affected by a 2-year con
tract with the Inland Manufacturing Division
of the General Motors Corp. in Dayton, Ohio.
Ratified on July 13, the settlement, according to
General Motors, was basically an extension of
the benefits provided under its previous contract,
including a wage increase of 2% percent (minimum
6 cents) effective May 29 of both 1958 and 1959;
and continuation of the cost-of-living escalator
clause (including a 2-cent increase in the allow
ance effective June 2, 1958). The contract was,
however, changed to establish an “income security
plan” in lieu of the supplemental unemployment
benefit plan.3 The company said that eligible
employees would retain benefit rights under the
old plan until the fund is exhausted. Under the
new plan, the firm will contribute 5 cents a man
hour to individual employee accounts. The money
may be withdrawn not only during periods of
unemployment, but also when the employee
retires or leaves the company for any reason;
About 575,000
workers were in line for automatic cost-of-living
pay adjustments, as the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics Consumer Price Index for June edged up to
123.7 percent of the 1947-49 average. Most of
‘ Prepared in the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, on the basis of currently available published material.
1 See Monthly Labor Review, July and August 19S8, pp. 779 and 899,
respectively.
s ¿¡fax
2 See Monthly Labor Review, October 1955, p. 1170.
PI
2
Simultaneous payments of private and State unemployment benefits
have been ruled illegal by the Ohio Bureau of Unemployment Compensation.
See M onthly Labor Review, May 1958, p. 543.
R ubber.
Wage Developments and Negotiations
N e g o tia tio n s .
W age
E s c a la tio n
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A d ju s tm e n ts .
1023
1024
in event of the employee’s death, any balance
in the account will be paid to the beneficiary.
The plan is similar in many respects to an “in
dividual security benefit fund” plan in effect at
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. and Libbey-OwensFord Glass Co. since the fall of 1955.4
An 11-cent-an-hour wage increase
was the basis for accord between the Pacific
Coast District Metal Trades Council and the
West Coast shipbuilders. The 1-year contract
also provided an additional hourly 2-cent em
ployer contribution (total 7 cents) for holiday pay,
and beginning in July 1959, 2% cents more (total
10 cents) for health and welfare benefits. About
14,000 workers in 10 crafts, excluding carpenters
and machinists (who negotiate separately), were
affected by the contract which raised the journey
men’s hourly scale to $2.73.
The Martin Co. (formerly the Glenn L. Martin
Co.) and the United Automobile Workers an
nounced ratification of a 3-year contract pro
viding hourly wage increases of 4 to 13 cents,
effective July 1, for 11,000 workers at the firm’s
Middle River (Baltimore) plant. The settle
ment also called for a 2-cent increase in the costof-living allowance and incorporated the 15cent allowance accumulated under the previous
contract into the basic wage-rate structure.
Other wage items provide a 3-percent (minimum
7 cents) wage advance on July 1, 1959, a wage
reopening in 1960, and revision of the cost-ofliving escalator clause to provide a 1-cent quarterly
adjustment for each 0.5-point (instead of 0.6)
change in the Consumer Price Index. Addi
tional contract changes included liberalized vaca
tion and sick-leave plans and increased insurance
benefits for employees and their dependents.
According to the union, the improved fringe bene
fits would also apply to company plants at Or
lando, Fla., and Denver, Colo., but wages would
be negotiated locally.
Wage increases averaging about 10^ cents an
hour, effective July 14, were negotiated by the
Babcock and Wilcox Co. (major boiler manu
facturer) and the Boilermakers union for approx
imately 4,000 workers at the firm’s Barberton,
Ohio, plant. Negotiated under a wage reopening
clause of a 2-year contract signed in 1957, the
increases ranged from 8 to 20 cents an hour.
M e ta lw o r k in g .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
O th er M a n u f a c t u r i n g . After a brief strike late in
June, a 21-cent-an-hour wage increase, spread
over l}{ years, was the basis for agreement between
the Bakery and Confectionery Workers (Ind.)
and major wholesale baking concerns in the
Providence, R. I., area. Retroactive to May 1,
wages were raised by 5 cents; they are scheduled
to go up by 5 cents in both October 1958 and May
1959, and by 6 cents in October 1959. According
to a union report, the 2-year contracts set the
pattern for subsequent settlements with major
bakeries in other areas in 9 northeastern States,
affecting a total of 9,000 workers.
Terms for ending a strike which idled about
8,000 cap workers in 6 States were agreed upon
on July 23 by the United Hatters, Cap and
Millinery Workers, and several associations of
cap manufacturers. The contracts provided a
5-percent advance for pieceworkers and $3- to
$4-weekly wage increases for timeworkers. The
employers also agreed to contribute 1 percent
of payrolls to a fund for the promotion of unionmade caps, to use a union label, and to require
that jobbers handle only union-made goods. By
the end of July, about 7,000 workers had returned
to work; approximately 1,000 employees, however,
remained idle in St. Louis, where the strike had
not yet been settled.
In the New York metropolitan area, 7 locals of
the International Brotherhood of Teamsters
(Ind.) entered into a 2-year contract with 5 major
breweries for about 6,000 workers after plant
shutdowns of from 4 to 12 days; the breweries
had closed in retaliation for what they charged
were “slowdowns.” The agreement provided
pay increases of $5 a week for production workers
and $4.05 a week for drivers, retroactive to June 1,
and additional increases of $4.75 and $3.25,
respectively, beginning June 1, 1959.
Other
benefits included an additional paid holiday (for
a total of 10 for 6 of the locals and 12 in the other
local), increased sickness and accident benefits,
and effective June 1, 1959, a more comprehensive
medical and surgical insurance plan.
A 5-week work stoppage involving about 1,200
members of the American Newspaper Guild and
the Teamsters employed by 3 Philadelphia
metropolitan area newspapers—the Philadelphia
* See Monthly Labor Review, November 1955, p. 1286.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Inquirer, the Philadelphia Bulletin, and the
Camden (N. J.) Courier-Post—was ended on
July 8. Three-year agreements were first reached
with the Teamsters on June 26, providing a
$9.80-weekly wage increase spread over the
contract term and, liberalized vacations, pensions,
and life insurance. The delivery drivers at the
two Philadelphia papers, however, did not return
to work pending settlement of the ANG strike
at the Philadelphia Inquirer (the only paper
having its news and clerical employees repre
sented by a union).
A key issue of the latter walkout, which involved
about 700 workers, was apparently over the prior
contract’s job security clause, which the union
claimed permitted the company wide discretion in
economy firing without adequate regard to sen
iority. Settlement terms, approved by member
ship on July 8, based the order of economy dis
charges on seniority, subject to arbitration, and
liberalized severance pay provisions. The 2-year
ANG contract also called for weekly raises ranging
from $3 for employees earning less than $50, to
$5 for those earning more than $100, and a $2
across-the-board raise in 1959. Other changes in
cluded increased company contributions to the
pension plan, 3 weeks’ vacation after 3 instead of
5 years’ service, and an $8 instead of a $5 weekly
differential for the late shift.
T r a n s p o r ta tio n a n d T r a d e . On the West Coast,
the International Longshoremen’s and Warehouse
men’s Union (Ind.) and the Pacific Maritime As
sociation reached a memorandum of settlement on
July 3 on terms of a 1-year agreement5 covering
approximately 18,000 workers in the 3 West Coast
States. It provided hourly wage increases of 10
cents for longshoremen and 11 cents for clerks,
retroactive to June 16. Also stipulated was a
reduction in the regular workday, from 9 hours
(including 3 at overtime rates) to 8 hours (includ
ing 2 hours at overtime), and establishment of a
third shift with 9 hours’ pay for 5 hours’ work.
Although there is a provision for a 90-day trial
period (to determine the practical application of
the new shift arrangement), the clause will con
tinue in effect throughout the remainder of the
contract. Three weeks’ vacation after 10 instead
« See Monthly Labor Review, June 1958, p. 649.
4 7 6 5 5 1 — 5!
5
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1025
of 12 years’ service and a fourth week after 25
years were also provided.
Approximately 5,000 warehousemen represented
by the same union in the San Francisco Bay area
received a 9K-cent hourly raise retroactive to June
I, under a 3-year contract with the Distributors
Association of Northern California. A further in
crease of 7% cents an hour effective June 1959, an
additional paid holiday, and 3 weeks’ vacation
after 10 years’ service, beginning January 1, 1959,
were also provided in the agreement.
A 5-cent-an-hour wage increase for an estimated
6,000 employees of department and specialty stores
in the San Francisco area was agreed to on July 8
as the Retail Clerks International Association and
the San Francisco Retailers Council reached agree
ment on terms of a 3-year contract. The settle
ment, retroactive to June 1, also provided for im
proved sick leave and health and welfare benefits,
and a wage reopening in each of the last 2 contract
years.
U tilitie s a n d S e rv ic e s. One-year contracts, sub
ject to rank-and-file ratification, were agreed to in
July by representatives of 4 independent unions
for about 17,000 employees of the New York
Telephone Co. In 3 situations, affecting about
II, 500 upstate clerical, commercial, and traffic de
partment employees, weekly wage increases ranged
from $1 to $2 for clerical and traffic employees
and from $2.50 to $3 for nonclerical and commer
cial employees. Another settlement, affecting
about 5,800 downstate clerical and commercial
employees, also included a tuition-aid plan under
which employees would be allowed up to $150 a
year for certain studies in recognized schools.
Negotiations with other independent unions cover
ing mostly plant department employees of the
company were still in progress at the end of July.
A 2-year contract for 6,000 employees was ne
gotiated in July by the John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Co. and the Insurance Workers of
America. Subject to membership ratification, the
new pact included an upward revision of commis
sion schedules; 3 weeks’ vacation after 10 instead
of 15 years’ service; an increase in both group life
and accidental death insurance from $10,000 to
$15,000; liberalized surgical and hospital benefits
for employees and their dependents through an
improved major medical expense plan; and a re-
1026
duction in employees’ contributions to the retire
ment plan with no change in benefits.
O th er N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g .
Representatives of the
Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, and Blacksmiths
union and construction contractors reached agree
ment on a 15-cent hourly wage increase for workers
in the 11-State Missouri River basin. In addition
to the wage increase (which brought the journey
men’s rate to $3.75 in eastern Missouri and to
$3.60 in the rest of the area), the settlement also
called for a 2K-cent-an-hour increase in the em
ployers’ contribution to the union’s health and
welfare fund and improved travel pay and sub
sistence provisions.
A 2-year agreement calling for a 55-cent-an-hour
rate increase—20 cents effective June 1, 1958, 20
cents next January 1, and 15 cents more on June
1, 1959—was concluded by 7 locals of the Brick
layers union and the Building Contractors and
Mason Builders Association for about 7,000 work
ers in the New York City metropolitan area.
Beginning in January 1959, company payments
to the welfare fund will increase from 4 to 5 percent
of gross weekly payroll, and election day will be
established as a first paid holiday.
A reduction in monthly pension benefits from
$50 to $30 affecting about 16,000 retired mineworkers was announced by the trustees of the
Anthracite Health and Welfare Fund, effective
June 24. The reduction in benefits—the second
in 4 years 6—was attributed to the drop in anthra
cite production and the consequent decline in the
royalty payments that finance the fund.
Union Developments
T e a m s te r s . The Teamsters continued to act on
several fronts during July in an apparent effort
to ally itself more closely with both AFL-CIO
and nonaffiliated unions.7 On July 3, Teamster
President James R. Hoffa proposed an alliance
of transportation workers in a “Conference on
Transportation Unity” to “be open to all unions
in the transportation industry.” Initial sponsors
of the proposal, in addition to Hoffa, were Joseph
Curran of the National Maritime Union (AFLCIO) and Captain William V. Bradley of the
International Longshoremen’s Association (Ind.).
Mr. Hoffa also said that lie had been authorized by
Paul Hall, president of the Seafarers’ International
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Union (AFL-CIO), to say that he “looks on this
[conference] with great favor.” According to the
announcement, the organization was designed
“for the purpose of discussing and settling juris
dictional disputes, matters of mutual concern, and
matters affecting progress and stability in the
transportation industry.” About 50 invitations
were reportedly being sent for a meeting scheduled
to be held in September.
Little enthusiasm for the proposal was voiced
by some other transport unions. Michael Fox,
president of the Railroad Employees’ Department
of the AFL-CIO, said he knew “of no rail unions
intending to participate.” Guy L. Brown, grand
chief engineer of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers (Ind.), said an alliance of transport
unions “might become so powerful that it could
result in the destruction of the Nation” ; and
Clarence N. Sayen, president of the Air Line
Pilots Association (AFL-CIO), declared his union
was “not interested in Mr. Hoffa’s proposal.”
Upon his return from international labor confer
ences in Europe, AFL-CIO President George
Meany commented that the fact that the expelled
Teamsters and Longshoremen were original spon
sors made it appear the conference “could very
well be the start of what you might call a birds ofa-feather federation.”
Later in the month, Mr. Meany denounced all
pacts between unions affiliated with the AFL-CIO
and the expelled Teamsters. He warned that the
labor movement “can expect that drastic restric
tive [labor] legislation” could be passed if the
Federation did not prevent AFL-CIO affiliates
from conducting business with expelled unions.
Mr. Meany said, however, that he would welcome
the Teamsters “back into the labor movement,”
but only “when members of the Teamsters union,
who have been victims of shameless exploitation
by some of their leaders, will take the necessary
steps within this union so that it can take its
proper place in the AFL-CIO.”
Also in July, Hoffa issued invitations to Harry
Bridges, president of the West Coast Longshore
men’s Union, and to Captain William V. Bradley
of the East Coast Longshoremen, to a meeting in
Washington on August 14. The avowed purpose
of the meeting was to work out common contract
6 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1954, p. 307.
i See Monthly Labor Review, August 1958, p. 903.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
expiration dates and to discuss technological
problems in the shipping industry. “Because the
Teamsters deal with the longshore unions on both
the East and West coasts/’ Hoffa declared, “we
are in a unique position to bring these two unions
together to seek a constructive solution to the
labor-management problems in the industry.”
These invitations allegedly had no connection
with the proposed conference on transportation
unity.
During the month, the Teamsters executive
board approved a recommendation by Hoffa that
a special board, including a public member, be
appointed to consider a receivership for its
Philadelphia Local No. 107.8 F. Joseph Donohue,
a Washington lawyer and a former commissioner
of the District of Columbia was named the public
representative. He was to serve with Harold J.
Gibbons (international vice president) and Law
rence N. Steinberg, a Toledo, Ohio, Teamster
official and personal representative of Hoffa.
However, Martin F. O’Donoghue, chairman of a
monitor board set up by a Federal court to over
see the Teamsters’ affairs,9 questioned the choice
of Steinberg as a “disinterested party.” (He
alleged that Steinberg had once bought two $130
suits and charged them to Kay Cohen, secretarytreasurer of the Philadelphia local.) Steinberg
immediately withdrew because of what he said
was his “desire for a thorough and impartial
investigation.”
The Teamsters also started a drive to unionize
about 70,000 employees of Sears, Roebuck & Co.
in this country and Canada and about 200,000
Canadian dock and transportation workers. In
the former case, the union’s plan was announced
after the Teamster executive board had author
ized Hoffa to negotiate a mutual assistance pact
with the Retail Clerks International Association
(AFL-CIO). Only about 14,000 of the firm’s
205,000 employees are organized by unions.10
The drive to organize “almost immediately”
Canadian dock and transport workers, in connec
tion with an expected shipping boom through the
St. Lawrence Seaway, was decided upon as
Teamster officials met with representatives of
8 See Monthly Labor Review, August 1958, p. 904.
9 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 300.
19
See Monthly Labor Review, December 1957, p. 1501.
ii Largely Pennsylvania jobbers who deal with New York area firms
but who in the past had refused to sign contracts. See Monthly Labor
Review, M ay 1958, p. 637.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1027
23 other Canadian and United States transport
unions in Montreal. Problems of jurisdiction are
reputedly to be handled by the million-member
Canadian Labor Congress.
G a r m e n t W o r k e r s . Reorganization of the Dress
Joint Board of the International Ladies’ Garment
Workers’ Union was announced by its manager,
Charles S. Zimmerman, on July 20. According
to Mr. Zimmerman, a “general staff” had been
set up to revise organizing techniques and to
intensify pressure for prompt contract settlements
with certain jobbing shops in the dress industry.11
C o n v e n tio n s a n d E le c tio n s . On July 24, Wisconsin
became the 39th State where labor federations
have merged. The merger convention, assisted by
two representatives from the AFL-CIO, named
the president and secretary-treasurer of the former
AFL State Federation of Labor to similar posts in
the merged organization. The president of the
former CIO Industrial Union Council was named
executive vice president of the new body, and 11
officials of the AFL and 5 officials of the Council
were elected to the executive board.
In two other States, Rhode Island and Cali
fornia, basic merger agreements were reached.
September 7 was set as the date for the merger
convention in Rhode Island; the California merger
committee ironed out “major differences” after a
3-day session and indicated a convention would be
held in mid-November.
A resolution calling for a shorter workweek in
order to ease the impact of technological innova
tions in the printing industry highlighted the 30th
biennial convention, July 21-26, of the Inter
national Brotherhood of Bookbinders in Montreal,
Canada.
At the 53d convention of the International
Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots of
America, delegates supported a resolution dis
approving Hoffa’s proposed “conference on trans
portation unity,” and instead called upon members
of its union “to support the position of the
AFL-CIO . .
In other actions, the con
vention, which met from July 14 to 18, approved
plans to establish common contract expiration
dates for its locals on the East and West coasts,
and named Captain Robert E. Durkin to fill the
unexpired term of the union’s president, Captain
C. T. Atkins, who had resigned in December 1957.
1028
Durkin suceeded Captain Roy D. Lurvey who
had been serving as president pro tern.
Results of the election of international officers
of the National Maritime Union were announced
on July 24 by the Honest Ballot Association.
Joseph Curran—who ran unopposed—was re
elected as president, a post he has held since 1937.
Steve Federoff defeated Joseph A. Dunn for the
office of secretary-treasurer; the former incumbent,
John B. McDougall, was not a candidate for
reelection.
Several local elections involving the United
Steelworkers revealed that the faction opposed to
International President David J. McDonald 12had
gained control of several key locals, especially in
the Pittsburgh area. In most other steel centers,
however, pro-McDonald candidates were elected
to office by substantial majorities. The next
election of international officers is set for 1961.
In Los Angeles, a key representation election in
the motion-picture industry took place in July as
the recently formed Musicians Guild of America13
defeated, by a 580 to 484 vote, the American
Federation of Musicians as exclusive bargaining
agent for film studio musicians. According to
Cecil F. Read, chairman of the Guild, the victory
was “only the beginning’7 preparatory to its chal
lenging the “AFM in phonograph recording and
transcription fields and in every other music field
in the United States and Canada.”
Senate Hearings
The U. S. Senate Select Committee on Im
proper Activities in the Labor or Management
Field turned its attention early in July to charges
of nationwide infiltration of labor and industry by
the Mafia—allegedly a syndicate of criminals.
A Federal Bureau of Narcotics’ agent testified
that the “same people who are active in the
narcotics traffic” are also making a “concerted
effort” to penetrate unions and management.
The committee also heard allegations of in
filtration into the Chicago restaurant industry by
hoodlums. Witnesses accused persons connected
with several locals of the Hotel and Restaurant
Employees and Bartenders International Union
of violence, threats of reprisals against nonunion
employees, and a “shakedown” racket directed
against several area restaurant owners. The
union’s international president, Ed S. Miller,
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
subsequently imposed trusteeship on the Chicago
Joint Executive Board and area Locals 450 and
394 in a move “to restore the good name” of the
union. Later, the secretary-treasurer and the
business agent of Local 450 were ousted from office
for their failure to answer the Senate committee’s
questions concerning their alleged extortion and
intimidation of restaurant owners. In addition,
the union plans to investigate the collective
bargaining agreements and records of its 11
Chicago area locals.
Other Developments
On July 21, a presidential factfinding board
investigating contract disputes between Eastern
Airlines and the Air Line Pilots and the Flight
Engineers recommended that flight engineers
employed by the firm on jet airliners have mini
mum commercial pilot qualifications. The Pilots
union has maintained that, as a safety measure,
only flight engineers who qualify as pilots should
be employed on jets under future contracts; the
Flight Engineers, on the other hand, said that
Civil Aeronautics Administration regulations did
not require a third pilot on a plane, and charged
the Pilots with attempting to create more jobs
for their members. The board’s recommenda
tions were immediately rejected by George R.
Petty, Jr., president of the Flight Engineers,
which had signed agreements during the past
year with American Airlines and Pan American
World Airways, and on July 30, 1958, with Trans
World Airlines, that do not require the flight
engineers to be pilots.
In a move to broaden its scope of operations, the
National Labor Relations Board announced a
proposal to put into effect, on September 1, revised
jurisdictional standards designed to shrink the
“no-man’s land” of labor relations, in which the
Board had previously refused to operate, but into
which States were forbidden to enter.14 The
Board said, however, that the proposed revisions
in its standards were subject to modification on
12 Antiadministration forces were first evidenced in the 1957 election of
international officers, when for the first time, McDonald faced serious opposi
tion. Donald C. Rarick, a rank-and-filer from McKeesport, Pa., who ran
against McDonald, was defeated by 404,172 to 223,516 votes. See Monthly
la b o r Review, June 1957, p. 726.
n See Monthly Labor Review, May 1958, p. 541.
w See The Gap Between State and Federal Jurisdiction in Labor Relations
(in Monthly T abor Review, July 1957, pp. 829-832).
Subsequently, the Board announced that the effective date of the pro
posed revisions would be postponed.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
the basis of comments submitted by interested
parties or the passage of pending legislation.15
The Congress recently increased the Board’s
appropriation by $1.5 million to finance expansion
of the Board’s activities.
An emergency plan designed to protect laid-off
trade employees in New York City from losing
their health and welfare benefits for a maximum
of 6 months was announced by the board of
trustees of the security plan of the Retail, Whole
sale and Department Store Union’s District 65.
Under the arrangement, the board—composed of
6 union and 6 employer representatives—ear
marked $50,000 of the fund’s reserves to guarantee
workers and their families the right to medical
care, hospitalization, and death and burial bene
fits for a maximum of 6 months after layoff.
Formerly, the insurance expired after 60 days
unless the worker made the premium payments
himself (the fund is financed by the employer).
Effective July 1, the extended benefit plan affected
about 1,000 laid-off workers, or about 5 percent
of those covered by the plan.
1029
An agreement setting up proposed national
working standards for members of the Operative
Plasterers’ and Cement Masons’ International
Association, and the Wood, Wire and Metal Lath
ers International Union was signed in July by
these unions with the Contracting Plasterers and
Lathers International Association. Similar to a
“declaration of principles” reached last February
between the AFL-CIO Building and Construction
Trades Department and the National Construc
tors Association,16 the plan included provisions
designed to eliminate restrictive work practices
through the utilization of Taborsaving devices;
and recommendations that no-strike, no-lockout
clauses be incorporated into local contracts, and
that there be no unnecessary employment (feather
bedding) of workers. According to Joseph M.
Baker, Jr., executive secretary of the employers’
association, the agreement was signed in order to
“better employee-employer relations [and] to pro
mote and encourage the use of plastering . .
» See M onthly Labor Review, August 1958, pp. 904-905.
is See Monthly Labor Review, April 1958, p. 422.
Conferences and institutes, October 16 to November 15,1958
E ditor’s N ote.—-As a service to i ts re a d e rs, th e M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v ie w
p u b lis h e s a lis t o f fo r th c o m in g c o n fe re n c e s a n d i n s titu te s d evo ted to th e b ro a d
f i e l d o f i n d u s t r i a l r e la tio n s . I n s t i t u t e s a n d o r g a n iz a tio n s a re in v ite d to s u b m it
sc h e d u le s f o r s u c h m e e tin g s f o r lis tin g .
T o be ti m e l y e n o u g h f o r p u b lic a tio n ,
a n n o u n c e m e n ts m u s t be re c e iv e d 9 0 d a y s p r io r to th e d a te o f a c o n fe re n c e .
D ate
Oct. 16-17_____
Oct. 16-17_____
Oct. 20-24_____
Oct. 23-25_____
Oct. 27-31_____
Oct. 29-30_____
Nov. 6-8______
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C onference a n d spon sor
Annual Conference. S p o n s o r : Council on Employee Benefit
Plans.
Northern Minnesota Conference on Industrial Relations.
S p o n s o r : Industrial Relations Center, University of Minne
sota, with the cooperation of the Lake Superior Chapter,
American Society of Training Directors, and the Duluth
AFL-CIO Central Body.
46th National Safety Congress and Exposition. S p o n s o r :
National Safety Council.
Fall Meeting. S p o n s o r : National Society of Professional
Engineers.
86th Annual Meeting. S p o n s o r : American Public Health
Association.
23d Annual Meeting. S p o n s o r : Industrial Hygiene Founda
tion of America, Inc.
Annual Meeting. S p o n s o r : Gerontological Society, Inc_____
P lace
N ew Y ork
Duluth
Chicago
San Francisco
St. Louis
Pittsburgh
Philadelphia
4
Book Reviews
and Notes
E d it o r ’s N
o t e .— L i s t i n g o f a ■ publication i n
th is
s e c tio n i s f o r re c o rd a n d re fe re n c e o n ly a n d d o es
n o t c o n s titu te a n e n d o r s e m e n t o f p o i n t o f v ie w
or advocacy o f u se.
Special Reviews
U . S . I n d u s t r i a l R e la tio n s : T h e N e x t T w e n ty Y e a r s .
Edited by Jack Stieber. East Lansing, Mich
igan State University Press, 1958. 215 pp.,
bibliography. $5.
The volume consists of a series of lectures pre
sented at Michigan State University by six na
tionally prominent experts in the field of industrial
relations. They have indulged in crystal gazing
to project the posture of industrial relations in the
year 1975 by predicting trends in union growth,
collective bargaining, wages and hours of work,
the role of government in labor management rela
tions, and developments in social security. In
addition, editor Jack Stieber presents a lucid re
view of the best available forecasts dealing with
labor force, economic growth, technology, and
labor relations.
John Dunlop projects the size of union member
ship and the areas of potential growth in member
ship over the next two decades. He indicates that
unions will have a difficult task just to maintain
the current proportion of membership in relation
to the total labor force. He does not foresee a
breakthrough such as occurred in the thirties or
during the two world wars.
Clark Kerr expects wages, productivity, real
income, and secular inflation to continue their up
ward climb, while hours of work will be gradually
1030
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
reduced but at a slower pace than our experience
of the past century. He also predicts a sharp con
traction of existing wage differentials.
Walter Reuther expects growing maturity in
labor-management relations, which according to
him means the recognition by management of
labor’s just demands. John Bugas of the Ford
Motor Co. does not expect any radical changes on
the industrial relations front, but he is apprehen
sive of greater reliance by unions on political
power as a means of achieving their ends. He fears
that this could destroy free collective bargaining.
David Cole expects increasing reliance upon reason
rather than on economic force as the dominating
factor in collective bargaining. Government will
play a more indirect but still an important role in
collective bargaining. Finally, Edwin Witte sum
marizes expected developments in' the fields of
social security and public welfare.
A critical evaluation of projections is always
difficult. This reviewer can not claim to possess a
clearer crystal ball than that of the contributors to
the volume. Nevertheless, the interpretation and
validity of data martialed in support of certain of
the authors’ predictions seem open to question.
For example, Kerr’s prediction of narrowing wage
differentials may occur, but the pertinence of his
supporting statistical data is questionable. Dun
lop’s contradictory expectation of widening differ
entials based on skill appears more convincing.
Reuther’s projections appear more like wishful
thinking than sound expectations, yet labor has
brought about changes in the past decade which
appeared highly improbable when originally sug
gested.
Possibly of greatest current interest is the fact
that none of the participants in the symposium
seem to expect that the disclosures by the Select
Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor or
Management Field will have any major impact in
terms of union growth or legislation. Sic transit
gloria mundi.
— S a r A. L e v it a n
Library of Congress
*
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
By Harry Kursh.
New York, W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1958.
xvi, 176 pp., bibliography. $3.75.
As a compendium on apprenticeship for “young
men and their parents, teachers, and guidance
counselors . . . ,” this book is wholly admirable.
It is so engagingly written that one’s interest is
held throughout the extensive range of material
that the author has presented. To mention a
few of the topics in the book, there is a brief
history of apprenticeship, a discussion of choosing
a program and the nature of the apprenticeship
agreement, a treatment of wages of skilled workers,
and the long-range outlook on the demand for
skills. Under the “hidden advantages of ap
prenticeships,” the author lists the features of a
lifetime skill, exciting and creative work, and
faster upgrading.
Plainly, this is a book that is intended to be
used. For example, when it is suggested that
anyone who wishes to check on the validity of an
apprenticeship should call a State apprenticeship
agency or a field office of the Bureau of Ap
prenticeship and Training, a list of such offices
in the States and territories is appended. There
is a detailed list of apprenticeable occupations and
a guide to popular crafts.
This is an honest book. While much is made of
the opportunities that apprenticeship offers to
young men, some of the less enchanting aspects
of acquiring a trade are also discussed. The
description of snobbism against blue-collar work,
of discrimination against the Negro, and of the
narrow wage differential between skilled and
unskilled workers is straightforward.
In chapter 5, the author stresses the importance
of completing high school and of studying math
ematics and science. I think the matter of
educational preparation could have been pushed
harder. Attitudes toward such subjects as
mathematics, science, and English are very im
portant. The young man should see these courses
not as mental hurdles imposed on him by school
authorities but as means of preparation for work
of immediate relevancy. Even good grades in a
subject do not guarantee that a person will have
enough confidence to apply what he has studied
when he gets in the factory, and perhaps the
reason is a failure to see the real connection
between study and work.
A p p r e n t i c e s h i p s i n A m e r ic a .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1031
Mr. Kursh addresses this book also to “com
munity, business, and industrial leaders.” For
these persons, he raises a number of disturbing
questions. Why is there an apparent shortage of
skills? Why does the differential between skilled
and unskilled wage rates appear to be so narrow?
If, as claimed, apprenticeship is the best of all
possible methods for training young men to become
skilled workers, why are there so few apprentice
ship programs? On the last point, the author
suggests consideration of tax benefits to promote
growth in number and size of the training pro
grams. I would like to suggest one further
question. What modifications, if any, in the
time-honored structure of the apprenticeship
program can be utilized to increase the effective
ness of apprenticeship as a training method?
—Charles S. B enson
Harvard University
By Neil W. Chamberlain. New York,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1958. 625 pp.
$7.
This down-to-earth book examines the way
unions operate and the problems they both face
and create. It analyzes present-day union phi
losophy and explores the changing social and
legal concepts relating to unions.
In the first 13 chapters, Dr. Chamberlain dis
cusses the people and institutions involved in the
labor-management relationship, the “irreconcil
able” conflict of interests between labor and
management, as well as the ways which have
been devised to meet such conflict.
Dr. Chamberlain sees the union-management
relationship as largely, if not solely, a power
relationship, with collective bargaining the in
strument through which power is asserted. He
finds 6 significant changes in this power relation
ship in recent years, the first 2 of which are
acceptance of unions as normal instruments
of power politics and of collective bargaining as
part of our economic institutional life. He also
points out that responsibilities have been imposed
upon unions, both by law and by their own power.
He sees the development of grievance procedures,
as most unionists do, as probably unionism’s
most important contribution. Other changes dis
cussed are those in the collective bargaining mechL abor.
1032
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
anism itself, such as the increase in the size of the
bargaining unit, trends initiated by large bar
gaining units and followed by smaller ones
(e. g. paid holidays and fringe benefits), and the
expansion in the subject matter of collective
bargaining.
In the latter portion of the book, Dr. Chamberlain evaluates the economic effects of union
organization. He concludes that while unions
may have reduced labor mobility through sen
iority, pension rights, and supplemental unem
ployment benefit plans, the effect has been
slight, since younger workers, who are most
mobile, have little stake in these union gains;
also, that unions have probably had no net effect
on productivity and that while strikes have meant
some net loss to the economy, the loss has been
much less than popularly supposed. He does
not see unions as monopolistic as has been gen
erally believed, and although unionized workers
probably have some wage advantage over nonunionized workers, it is much less than usually
assumed. However, he believes that unions have
played a major role in shortening hours of work
and sees, as more than likely, significant future
repercussions of pension and supplementary un
employment benefit plans on the economy.
Students fortunate enough to get their introduc
tion to labor economics and industrial relations
through this book can reasonably be expected to
develop not only a keen interest in those subjects,
but also an understanding of the problems in
volved. In this, they will be greatly helped by
the lists of subjects for analysis and discussion
which accompany each chapter. The book is
designed for class work in conjunction with a
Sourcebook on Labor, to come out later this year.
*— M a r jo r ie C. E g lo ff
Bureau of Labor Statistics
By Ed
ward Hastings Chamberlin. New York, Ox
ford University Press, 1957. 318 pp. $5.
In the early thirties, Professor Chamberlin pub
lished his Theory of Monopolistic Competition
which was hailed as a major breakthrough in price
theory. Since that time, he has written a great
deal defending his analysis. This book is a collec
tion of his major writings over the past 10 years
T o w a r d s a M o r e G e n e ra l T h e o r y o f V a lu e .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
plus 4 new essays. The selection of topics is wide,
ranging from semantical exercises in discourse to a
discussion of the monopolistic power of labor
unions.
Part I is a discourse on the extension of monopo
listic competition to broader problems of resource
allocation and general equilibrium. Although the
author admits that the work of dealing with gen
eral equilibrium models in terms of monopolistic
competition is yet to be done, his principal con
tention is that monopolistic competition is basi
cally general and not merely a short-run analysis.
He refers to his original statement of the theory
which held that the interaction of monopolistic
and competitive forces is present in both shorttime and long-time market situations. In the
essay, Product Heterogeneity and Public Policy
(Welfare Economics), Professor Chamberlin sets
out some basic problems of welfare, particularly
in respect to the market demand for products
which are diversified. He also emphasizes that
selling costs may no longer be dismissed as an ob
vious waste and excluded from the theory of the
firm as in conventional marginal analysis. He
contends that the standard welfare techniques of
analysis are unduly narrow; for example, they do
not set up criteria for the socially ideal level of
expenditures on selling.
Part II is especially interesting in this time of
great controversy over the meaning of rising price
levels. Professor Chamberlin develops a very in
teresting analysis of the product as an economic
variable in which he discusses the use of quality
changes as a tool of analysis. He goes so far as to
suggest (with examples) the development of in
dexes of quality changes; these to parallel indexes
of price change. His suggestions for a theory of
products are necessarily incomplete. He finds it
difficult to understand how the economist can pre
tend to explain (or to prescribe for) the economic
system and leave products out of the picture.
Part III presents one of Chamberlin’s major
contributions to the analysis of the production
function. In this section, he argues against the
theory that if the factors of products are perfectly
divisible, there are no economies or diseconomies
of scale.
Part IV presents an ingenious device for cre
ating a market under laboratory conditions; i. e.,
in the classroom. He argues against the assump-
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
1033
tion of perfect competition in Schumpeter’s sys
tem. Perhaps the most interesting and most
controversial article in this section is the essay
The Monopoly Power of Labor. This essay has
been widely discussed and basically demonstrates
the difficulties of evaluating the economic impact
of the union with existing economic tools.
Part V is a miscellaneous collection of attack
and defense. Professor Chamberlin tilts with the
Chicago school which epitomizes marginal analy
sis, Joan Robinson and Imperfect Competition,
and others.
The collection, though repetitious, is a good
sample of the thinking of one of the major con
tributors to economic thought.
Asia and the Far East Seminar on Housing Through NonProfit Organizations, Copenhagen, July 31-August 27,
1956. New York, United Nations, 1958. 86 pp.
(Sales No.: 58.11.H .3.) 80 cents, International Docu
ments Service, Columbia University Press, New York.
Cooperative Movement
Proceedings of the First National Conference on Cooperative
Housing, Washington, D. C., March 11-12, 1958.
[Chicago, Cooperative League], 1958. 71 pp. $1.
Kooperativ Verksamhet, 1956. Stockholm, Kommerskol
legium, 1958. 115 pp. (Includes a table of contents
and a summary in English.)
Beretning for 1957 til Norges Kooperative Landsforenings
Representanskap. Oslo, Norges Kooperative Landsforening, 1958. 78 pp.
— H aro ld W olozin
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Arbitration
Current Problems in the Law of Grievance Arbitration. By
Archibald Cox. {In Rocky Mountain Law Review,
Boulder, Colo., April 1958, pp. 247-266.)
Problems of
Kingsley
Geneva,
tributed
of ILO.)
Australian Compulsory Arbitration. By
Laffer. {In International Labor Review,
May 1958, pp. 417-433. 60 cents. Dis
in United States by Washington Branch
Automation
Automation: Technology’s New Face. By Jack Rogers.
Berkeley, University of California, Institute of
Industrial Relations, 1958. 94 pp., bibliography.
50 cents.
The Social Consequences of Automation— [A Symposium).
{In International Social Science Bulletin, United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ
ization, Vol. X, No. 1, 1958, pp. 7-62. $1, Unesco
Publications Center, New York.)
Personnel Impact of Automation in the Federal Service.
Washington, U. S. Civil Service Commission, Bureau
of Programs and Standards, 1958. 21 pp.
Construction and Housing
Construction in 1957. {In Construction Review, U. S.
Department of Labor and U. S. Department of Com
merce, Washington, February 1958, pp. 4-16. 30
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
Construction: Pace-Setter for Prosperity. By Herbert C.
Rosenthal. {In Dun’s Review and Modern Industry,
New York, July 1958, pp. 41-47. 75 cents.)
4 7 6 5 5 1 — 58-
6
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Economic Development
Problems of United States Economic Development— Volumes
1 and 2. New York, Committee for Economic Devel
opment, 1958. 374, 390 pp., respectively. $2.50
each.
The Relationship of Prices to Economic Stability and Growth.
Compendium of papers submitted by panelists ap
pearing before the Joint Economic Committee.
Washington, 1958. 712 pp. (Joint Committee Print,
85th Cong., 2d sess.) $2, Superintendent of Docu
ments, Washington.
Defense Against Inflation: Policies for Price Stability in a
Growing Economy. New York, Committee for Eco
nomic Development, Research and Policy Committee,
1958. 96 pp. $1.
Wages, Prices, and Employment. By Arthur Butler. Buf
falo, N. Y., University of Buffalo, School of Busi
ness Administration, 1958. 16 pp. (Reprinted from
Current Economic Comment, February 1958.)
Education and Training
Selection and Training of Vocational Guidance Personnel—
Parts I and II. {In International Labor Review,
Geneva, May 1958, pp. 469-480; June 1958, pp. 564580. 60 cents. Distributed in United States by
Washington Branch of ILO.)
Vocational Training Directory of the United States. Com
piled by Nathan M. Cohen. Arlington, Va., Potomac
Press, 1958. 228 pp. 3d ed. rev. $2.95.
Stimulating the Will to Learn: Employee Training Incen
tives. (Manual for executives and training directors.)
By Homer T. Rosenberger. Washington, Society for
Personnel Administration, 1958. 38 pp. (Pamphlet
16.) $1.
1034
Health and Welfare
Ten Steps Forward: World Health, 1948-1958. By Ritchie
Calder. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1958.
68 pp. 50 cents, Columbia University Press, New
York.
Farmers' Expenditures for Health Care in 1955. By Alvin
L. Bertrand and Donald G. Hay. Washington, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing
Service, 1958. 33 pp. (Agriculture Information
Bull. 191.) 25 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
Health Statistics from the V. S. National Health Survey:
Preliminary Report on Number of Persons Injured,
United States, July-December 1957. By Augustine
Gentile. Washington, U. S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service,
Division of Public Health Methods, 1958. 32 pp.
(Public Health Service Publication 584-B3.) 30
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Legal and Historical Background of the Right-to-Work
Dispute. By Gordon S. Skinner. (In Labor Law
Journal, Chicago, June 1958, pp. 411-420. $1.)
The New Pensions Insurance Law in Yugoslavia. By
Zarco Cvejíc. (In Bulletin of the International
Social Security Association, Geneva, April-May 1958,
pp. 141-148.)
Labor-Management Relations
A Guide to Labor-Management Relations in the United States.
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1958. 287 pp. (Bull. 1225.) $2,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Dictionary of Labor-Management Relations— Part IV . By
Harold S. Roberts. Honolulu, University of Hawaii,
Industrial Relations Center, 1958. 18 pp.
Plain Facts About Featherbedding. By Herbert R. Northrup. (In Personnel, American Management Associ
ation, New York, July-August 1958, pp. 54-60.
$1.75; $1.25 to AMA members.)
Health Statistics from the U. S. National Health Survey:
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July-September 1957. By Jane W. Bergsten. Wash
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Welfare, Public Health Service, 1958. 30 pp. (Public
Health Service Publication 584-B4.)
30 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Management-Labor Relations in Selected Arab Countries:
Major Aspects and Determinants. By Yusif A. Sayigh.
(In International Labor Review, Geneva, June 1958,
pp. 519-537. 60 cents. Distributed in United States
by Washington Branch of ILO.)
Your Employee Health Program. New York, Metropolitan
Life Insurance Co., 1958. 24 pp. Free.
The Conceptual and Legislative Framework of Labor Rela
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and Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N. Y., July 1958,
pp. 487-505. $1.75.)
Industrial Hygiene
Industrial Health in the Atomic Energy Industry. By
James H. Sterner, M.D. (In A. M. A. Archives of
Industrial Health, Chicago, June 1958, pp. 659-664.
Labor Relations and Working Conditions in Britain.
London, Central Office of Information, Reference
Division, 1958. 56 pp., bibliography. (RF.P.3814.)
Rev.
$ 1.)
Migratory Labor
Practical Psychiatry in Industry. By R. H. Felix, M.D.
(In A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, Chicago,
June 1958, pp. 614-619. $1.)
Engineering Control of Health and Safety Hazards in
Uranium Mines. By James Westfield and others.
Washington, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Mines, 1958. 20 pp. (Information Circular 7834.)
Free.
Protection of Workers Against Radiations. Geneva, Inter
national Labor Office, 1958. 56 pp. (Report VI (1)
prepared for International Labor Conference, 43d
session, 1959.) 60 cents. Distributed in the United
States by Washington Branch of ILO.
Labor Legislation
The Indiana Right-to-Work Law. By Fred Witney. (In
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N. Y., July 1958, pp. 506-517. $1.75.)
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50 cents.)
Migrant Farm Labor in New York. (In Industrial Bul
letin, State Department of Labor, New York, June
1958, pp. 7-11.)
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Aging, 1958. 34 pp.
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1035
The Plain Truth About Older Workers. {In FactoryManagement and Practices, New York, March 1958,
pp. 85-96. $1. Also reprinted.)
Instrument Industry. By James R. Irving (No. 98,
60 pp., bibliography). Cambridge, Mass., Bellman
Publishing Co., 1958. $1 each.
Age Discrimination in Employment: Legislative and Collec
tive Bargaining Solutions. {In Northwestern Univer
sity Law Review, Chicago, March-April 1958, pp.
96-108. $1.50.)
Careers in: Biochemistry {Monograph 48, 26 pp.)) Geology
{Monograph 50, 26 pp.)) The Nuclear Field {Mono
graph 53, 26 pp.)) Merchandising {Monograph 54,
26 pp.). By Juvenal L. Angel. New York, World
Trade Academy Press, Inc., 1958. $1 each.
Husholdningsregnskaper for Alderstrygdede, May 1955April 1956. Oslo, Statistisk Sentralbyrâ, 1958. 83
pp. (Norges Offisielle Statistikk, XI, 284.) Kr.
4.50.
Personnel Management and Practices
Current Trends in Personnel and Industrial Relations:
Proceedings of the 9th Personnel Management Conference
at the University of Illinois, Urbana, March 4-5, 1957.
Urbana, University of Illinois, College of Commerce
and Business Administration, Bureau of Business
Management, [1958]. 95 pp. (PMC-9.)
Management Creeds and Philosophies. By Stewart Thomp
son. New York, American Management Association,
1958. 127 pp. (Research Study 32.) $3; $2 to
AMA members.
Management Aids for Small
Edward L. Anthony.
Business Administration,
45 cents, Superintendent
Manufacturers. Edited by
Washington, U. S. Small
1958. 78 pp. (Annual 4.)
of Documents, Washington.
Wages, Salaries, and Hours
Industrial Relation Salaries and Staffing Ratios— 1958.
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American Management Association, New York,
July-August 1958, pp. 15-22. $1.75; $1.25 to AMA
members.)
Higher Education Planning and Management Data, 1957-58.
By W. Robert Bokelman. Washington, U. S. Depart
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Education, 1958. 102 pp. (Circular 517.) 60 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
The Outlook for Labor Costs in Local Governments. By
Michael T. Wermel. Pasadena, California Institute
of Technology, Industrial Relations Section, 1958.
14 pp., bibliography. (BIRC Publication 8.) $1.
Earnings and Hours, by Industry, California, 1957. San
Francisco, California Department of Industrial
Relations, Division of Labor Statistics and Research,
1958. 31 pp.
Sick Leave as a Management Problem— A Case History.
By Alfred A. Little. {In Economics and Business
Bulletin, Temple University, School of Business and
Public Administration, Philadelphia, June 1958, pp.
10-19.)
Review of Man-Hours and Hourly Earnings with Average
Weekly Wages, [Canada], 1946-1957. Ottawa, Do
minion Bureau of Statistics, Labor and Prices Divi
sion, 1958. 40 pp. 25 cents, Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.
Operations Research Reconsidered: Some Frontiers and
Boundaries of Industrial OR. New York, American
Management Association, 1958. 143 pp. (Manage
ment Report 10.) $3.75; $2.50 to AMA members.
Loner, 1956: Del I, Industritjänstemän, Handelsanställda
m . f l . Stockholm, Socialstyrelsen, 1958. xvii, 101 pp.
(In Swedish with table of contents and summary
in English.)
Vocational Guidance
Nuovi Elemenli sul Livello dei Salari e dei Costi del Lavoro
inEuropa. By Mario Gola. (JnRassegnadiStatistiche
del Lavoro, Rome, January-April 1958, pp. 21-30.)
Employment Opportunities for Women in Legal Work. By
Verna E. Griffin. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1958. 34 pp., bibliography.
(Women’s Bureau Bull. 265.)
20 cents, Superin
tendent of Documents, Washington.
Job Guide for Young Workers, 1958-59 Edition. Washing
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ment Security, U. S. Employment Service, 1958.
66 pp.
40 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
Vocational and Professional Monographs: Accountancy—
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Farnum (No. 36, 39 pp., bibliography); The Scientific
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pp. 167-180. $2.25.)
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Annual Convention of the International Association of
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Minn., September 22-26, 1957. Washington, U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards,
1958. viii, 204 pp. (Bull. 195.) 55 cents, Super
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1036
Radiation Hazards: A New Challenge to Workmen’s
Compensation. By Earl F. Cheit. Berkeley, Uni
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1958. 9 pp. (Reprint 105; from The Insurance Law
Journal, December 1957.)
Miscellaneous
Income Trends in the United States Through 1975. By
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$ 2.
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(NSF 58-18.)
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$3.
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sophical Library, Inc., 1958. xxx, 169 pp., bibli
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Proceedings of 10th Annual Industrial Relations Center
Labor Conference, February 13-14, 1958; Economics in
Everyday Life; Hazards of Radiation and Fall-out;
Ethical Practices. Edited by Walter H. Uphoff.
Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, Industrial
Relations Center, 1958. vi, 98 pp. (Bull. 20.)
$1, Nicholson Book Store, University of Minnesota.
Labor Laws and Their Administration: Proceedings of the
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29-October 3, 1957. Washington, U. S. Department
of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, 1958. 135 pp.
(Bull. 194.) 45 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
A Directory of BLS Studies in Industrial Relations, July
1953-April 1958. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1958. 10 pp.
Census of Manufacturing Industries in Puerto Rico, October
1957: [Employment, Hours, and Earnings]. San Juan,
P. R., Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics, [1958]. 38 pp.
The Population and Manpower of China: An Annotated
Bibliography. Washington, U. S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1958. 132 pp.
(International Population Statistics Reports, Series
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Current Labor Statistics
CONTENTS
A.—Employment and Payrolls
1039 Table A -l.
Jl
1040 Table A-2.
1044 Table A-3.
1048 Table A-4.
1049 Table A-5.
1050 Table A-6.
1051 Table A-7.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establish
ments, by industry.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State 1
Employees in manufacturing, by State 1
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of
unemployment compensation for Federal employees, by geographic
division and State
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected
operations
B.—Labor Turnover
1052 Table B -l. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
1053 Table B-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry
C.—Earnings and Hours
1055 Table C -l.
1070 Table C-2.
1071 Table C-3.
1071
Table C-4.
1072 Table C-5.
1073 Table C-6.
1074 Table C-7.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers,
by industry
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc
tion activities
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls in industrial and construction
activities
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by
State and selected area 1
1 This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1037
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1088
CONTENTS—Continued
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
1082 Table D -l. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: All items and
major groups of items
Consumer
Price Index—United States city average: Food, housing,
1083 Table D-2.
apparel, transportation, and their subgroups
1083 Table D-3. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Special groups
of items
Consumer
Price Index—United States city average: Retail prices
1084 Table D-4.
and indexes of selected foods
1085 Table D-5. Consumer Price Index—All items indexes, by city
1086 Table D-6. Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
1087 Table D-7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
1088 Table D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
1089 Table D-9. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
1090 Table D-10. Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing
1090 Table D -ll. Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product
E. —Work Stoppages
1091 Table E -l.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
F. —Building and Construction
1092 Table F -l.
1093 Table F-2.
1094 Table F-3.
1094 Table F^L
1095 Table F-5.
1096 Table F-6.
Expenditures for new construction
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of
construction
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership,
class of construction, and type of building
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan
location and State
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by owner
ship and location, and construction cost
G.—Work Injuries
Table G -l. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries 2
2 This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the Review.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
1039
A.—Employment and Payrolls
T able A -l.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and o ver1
Employment status
1958
July
June
May
Apr.
19572
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.3 Oct.
Sept.
Annual average
Aug.
July
19572
1956
Total, both sexes
Total labor force...... ............. ............ .
73,104 73,049 71,603 70,681 70,158 69,804 69,379 70,458 70, 790 71.299 71,044 71,833 73,051
70, 746
70,387
Civilian labor force________________
Unemployment....................................
Unemployed 4 weeks or less____
Unemployed 5 - 1 0 weeks_______
Unemployed 1 1 - 1 4 weeks______
Unemployed 1 5 - 2 6 weeks______
Unemployed over 2 6 weeks_____
Employment.......................................
N onagricultural............................
Worked 3 5 hours or more___
Worked 1 5 - 3 4 hours....... ........
Worked 1 - 1 4 hours________
With a ]ob but not at work 4.
Agricultural ........................ ........
Worked 3 5 hours or more___
Worked 1 5 - 3 4 hours_______
Worked 1 - 1 4 hours___ _____
With a job but not at work 4.
70,473
5,294
2,069
1,198
357
798
872
65,179
58,461
42,289
6,336
2,749
7,087
6,718
4,442
1,564
485
228
70,228
3,007
1,582
731
201
234
260
67, 221
59,449
44,272
5.969
2,345
6,863
7,772
5,742
1,514
366
150
67, 946
2,936
1,485
650
240
321
239
65, 011
58, 789
46, 238
6,953
2,777
2, 821
6,222
4,197
1,413
416
196
67, 530
2,551
1,214
594
211
301
232
64,979
58, 394
46.062
6,715
2,648
2,969
6,585
4,577
1, 399
416
192
Total labor force___________________ 50,359 50,005 48,858 48, 396 48,126 47,944 47,801 48,096 48,286 48, 503 48, 620 49, 745 50,307
48, 649
48, 579
Civilian labor force. ______________
Unemployment__________________
Employment___________________
N onagricultural______________
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours________
Worked 1-14 hours.............
With a job but not at work 4.
Agricultural. _______________
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours________
Worked 1-14 h o u rs________
With a job but not at work 4.
47, 517
1,803
45, 713
39, 738
31,823
2,891
1,010
4,015
5.975
4,862
754
238
121
45,882
1,893
43,989
38,952
32, 546
3,461
L 197
1, 748
5,037
3,716
842
309
171
45,756
L 608
44,148
38, 870
32, 536
3, 388
1,135
1,810
5,278
3,993
806
308
171
Total labor force___________________ 22,745 23,043 22, 745 22,286 22,032 21,861 21, 578 22,362 22. 506 22, 796 22,424 22,088 22, 745
22,097
21,808
Civilian labor force. _______________ 22,714
Unemployment____________ _____ li 781
Employment______ _______ _____ 20,933
Nonagricultural______________ 19,560
Worked 35 hours or more___ 12,211
Worked 15-34 hours________ 2,974
Worked 1-14 hours..... ........... 1,437
With a job but not at work 4_ 2,939
Agricultural- _______________ 1,373
Worked 35 hours or more___
536
Worked 15-34 hours_______
652
Worked 1-14 hours..... ...........
156
With a job but not at work 4.
29
1,043
21,021
19,837
13,692
3,491
1,580
1,073
1,184
482
571
107
25
943
20,831
19, 524
13, 526
3,327
1, 513
1,158
1,307
585
594
108
21
70, 418
5,437
2,569
875
372
931
689
64,981
58,081
45,352
6,668
2,863
3,198
6.900
4,861
1, 533
399
107
68,965
4,904
1, 778
930
444
1,146
605
64,061
57. 789
45.619
7,147
3,224
1,799
6,272
4,452
1,370
348
103
68,027
5,120
1, 725
933
577
1,301
585
62.907
57,349
44,166
7,840
3,190
2,153
5, 558
3,561
1,390
444
162
67, 510
5,198
1, 753
1,153
845
1,045
401
62,311
57,239
44,206
7.789
3. 346
1,899
5,072
2,945
1,373
503
251
67,160
5.173
1,946
1, 517
562
795
353
61, 988
57,158
43,213
8,218
3, 252
2,476
4,830
2, 551
1,265
667
346
66, 732
4,494
2,007
1.187
435
556
309
62, 238
57,240
44, 764
7,317
3.147
2,007
4,998
2,896
1,303
510
289
67,770
3,374
1,593
857
297
380
246
64,396
59,012
46, 579
7,343
3,188
1, 901
5,385
3,266
1,301
557
260
68,061
3,188
1,724
699
240
280
243
64, 873
59,057
42,170
11. 558
3.090
2,239
5,817
3, 586
1.427
548
256
68,513
2,508
1,272
538
175
268
255
66, 005
59,168
47,051
6,784
2.934
2,399
6,837
4,893
1,383
390
172
68,225
2,552
1,438
448
210
263
193
65,674
59,156
47. 652
6,207
2,664
2,632
6,518
4,318
1,633
421
146
68,994
2. 609
1, 386
506
247
238
232
66, 385
59, 562
45,992
5,637
2,110
5,823
6,823
4,918
1,364
317
224
Males
47,759
3,513
44,247
38,901
30,078
3,362
1,312
4,149
5,346
3,906
912
330
198
47, 406
3,521
43,884
38,588
32,141
3,418
1,246
1,782
5,296
4,214
733
261
89
46, 252
3,266
42,986
37, 962
31,862
3. 555
1,395
1, 151
5. 024
3. 930
753
247
93
45, 774
3, 492
42.282
37, 578
30,867
4,027
1. 395
1.289
4, 704
3, 281
947
329
147
45, 510
3, 743
41, 767
37,340
30, 552
4,087
1. 427
1.273
4,427
2, 777
1,000
420
230
45,332
3,632
41, 700
37, 429
29,833
4,326
1,494
1, 776
,
4 2 71
2,393
971
586
321
45,186
3,141
42.045
37, 646
31.093
3,788
1, 437
1,325
4,399
2,740
976
411
271
45, 440
2,392
43,047
38, 413
32.096
3,680
1,375
1,262
4, 634
3,075
876
444
239
45, 589
2,041
43, 548
38, 713
29, 402
6,471
1,381
1, 458
4,834
3,264
952
393
226
45, 751
1, 594
44,156
38,865
32, 773
3, 317
1,240
1,534
5,292
4,111
758
270
153
45.835
1,565
44,270
39,155
33,371
2,992
1,162
1,630
5,115
3,779
925
282
128
46,940
1, 596
45, 344
39,953
32,992
2,711
950
3,299
5,391
4,221
741
231
198
Females
23,012
1,915
21,096
19, 493
13,210
3,250
1,617
1, 416
1,603
647
801
138
18
22. 713
1,638
21,075
19,826
13, 757
3,592
1,829
648
1, 249
522
617
100
10
22,254
1.629
20, 625
19, 770
13.299
3,813
1,795
864
855
280
444
115
15
22,000
1, 456
20, 544
19,899
13,654
3,701
1,919
625
645
169
373
83
20
1 Estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of households
and are subject to sampling variability. Data relate to the calendar week
ending nearest the 15th day of the month. The employed total includes all
wage and salary workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid workers in
family-operated enterprises. Persons in institutions are not included.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
2 Beginning with January 1957, two groups numbering between 200,000 and
300,000 which were formerly classified as employed (under “with a job but
not at work”) were assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unem
ployed. For a full explanation, see Monthly Report on the Labor Force,
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21, 829
Ï,' 54Í
20,288
19, 729
13,380
3, 892
1, 759
700
559
159
294
81
25
21, ¿546
1,353
20, 193
19, 594
13, 672
3,530
1, 711
681
599
156
327
99
18
22 330
22
4 73
' 98Ï
147
914
986 1,013 1,203
21,349 21,326 21, 849 21,404 21,041 21, 508
20, 598 20, 343 20,303 20.001 19,609 19, 711
14, 483 12. 768 14,278 14,281 12,999 12, 449
3. 663 5,086 3,467 3,215 2,926 3,078
1,813 1,709 1,694 1,502 1,159 1,335
639
780
864 1,002 2,524 2,849
751
982 1, 546 1,403 1,433 1, 797
191
322
782
539
697
879
425
476
625
708
623
760
113
155
120
139
86
129
22
30
19
17
26
29
February 1957 (Current Population Reports, Labor Force, Series P-57,
No. 176).
3 Survey week contained legal holiday.
4 Includes persons who had a job or business but who did not work during
the survey week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor dispute.
Prior to January 1957, also included were persons on layoff with definite
instructions to return to work within 30 days of layoff and persons who had
new jobs to which they were scheduled to report within 30 days. Most of
the persons in these groups have, since that time, been classified as unem
ployed.
I lSoukce: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1040
T able A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Industry
July 2 Ju n e2 May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan,
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Total employees............................................. 60,199 50,396 49, 949 49, 726 49, 690 49, 777 50,477 52, 610 52,316 52,570 52, 692 52,477 52,229 52,162 51, 766
706
89.5
M in in g ___________________________________
M etal_____________ ________________
_________________________
Iron
Copper'*' _______________________
Lead and zinc_____________________
Anthracite_________________________
Bituminous-coal_____________________
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production _______________________
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)__________
184.2
_________
715
92.7
30.0
28.3
13.4
711
91.7
28 7
28 2
13.7
716
91.2
27.6
28.1
13.9
733
95.9
31.3
28.9
14.1
747
97.8
32.0
29.3
14.4
766
101.2
33.9
29.9
14.8
788
104.9
37.1
30.4
15.0
793
106.4
38.6
30.6
14.6
802
107.6
39.9
30.6
14.8
818
111.9
41.4
32.2
15.3
828
114.1
41.9
33.0
15.8
824
115.1
41.0
33.5
16.7
809
111.2
38.9
32.6
16.7
807
108.8
35.1
33.3
17.4
19.5
188.5
20 0
192.2
19.6
199.0
22.8
206.3
24.1
212.4
23.3
219.8
26.0
224.2
24.0
225.7
27.2
227.8
28.2
227.9
27.1
229.1
30.8
223.1
28.4
230.0
29.3
228.6
302.9
297.8
298.8
302.6
309.5
315.8
321.3
322.6
323.9
333.1
340.0
339.4
326.2
324.8
187.8
188.7
189.3
190.2
191.1
191.9
190.9
192.5
198.6
202.7
202.8
193.8
192.3
115.8
117.0
117.3
115.5
113.3
190.1
115.2
109.5
3,057
3,046
2,929
2,612
2,805
2,956
3,018
2,808
2,316
2,173
2,387
2,493
2,824
2,908
2,685
677
586
647
665
678
593
400
519
589
520
439
453
655
611
311.0 280 5 214. 7 162.6 142.8 166.8 202.2 248. 7 289.6 301.9 307.9 304.7 250.1 257.9
344.0 330.0 305.2 276.2 257.5 286.4 316.6 340.6 357.3 363.5 368.9 372.8 335.6 335.3
2,169 2, 074 1,973 1,877 1,773 1,934 2,093 2,216 2,309 2,353 2,380 2,368 2, 222 2,336
803.6 764.0 720.9 688.4 648.8 721.1 782.7 838.7 878.1 904.3 935.7 952.5 869.3 970.0
1, 365. 5 1, 309.9 1,252.0 1,188.6 1,124.3 1, 212. 9 1,309. 8 1,377. 5 1,431.3 1, 448.5 1, 443.9 1,415.9 1, 352. 7 1.366.0
299 0 285 9 282.3 284.7 288.0 302.6 314.6 321.3 332.5 334.3 327.0 316.0 321.7 328.7
180.6 171.2 152.5 139.0 128.9 136.4 153.3 167.6 178.8 188.2 194.0 194.9 164.2 170.9
165.7 162.6 160.8 163.2 168.2 173.4 180.4 186.3 191.1 195.6 199.4 198.2 188.9 186.2
720.2 690 2 656.4 601.7 539.2 600.5 661.5 702.3 728.9 730.4 723.5 706.8 677.9 680.2
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying..........
110.1
C ontract co n stru ctio n .,. -------------- ---------- -
Nonbuilding construction ____________
Highway and street construction_____
Other nonbuilding construction______
"RnPiling construction______________
General contractors------------------------Special-trade contractors____________
Plumbing and h e a tin g ___________
Painting and decorating___________
"Electrical work
_______________
Other special-trade contractors_____
107.6
111.2
105.0
103.2
106.1
111.3
114.3
15,16 15,188 15,023 15,104 15,355 15,593 15,865 16,302 16,561 16,783 16,903 16,949 16,702 16,782 16,903
Durable goods___________________ 8,491 8,548 8,480 8, 564 8, 742 8,906 9,138 9,429 9,608 9, 718 9, 734 9,821 9, 775 9,821 9,835
Nondurable goods.............................. - 6,674 6,640 6,543 6,540 6,613 6,687 6,727 6,873 6,953 7,065 7,169 7,128 6,927 6,961 7,068
M an u factu rin g------------------------------------------
D u r a b l e go o d s
Ordnance and accessories_____________
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)-------- ------------------------Logging camps and contractors.............
Sawmills and planing mills--------------Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products__________
Wooden containers_________________
Miscellaneous wood products________
123.1
125.5
123.5
122.8
121.9
121.1
120.0
120.4
121.3
123.4
127.3
130.2
130.0
129.3
131.9
633. 5
636.2
91.3
320.8
606.6
81.1
307.1
585.1
71.6
296.7
579.9
69.0
295.3
581.5
69.6
294.9
592.1
71.0
299.6
614.2
76.3
311.8
635.4
82.2
322.2
657.1
89.8
329.7
664.5
86.9
336.8
678.5
93.1
344.6
679.4
99.7
341.7
654.6
87.1
331.6
735.6
108.0
378.6
126.4
45.6
52.1
121.3
45.2
51.9
120.4
44.1
52.3
118.7
44.2
52.7
121.2
43.2
52.6
122.4
45.6
53.5
124.8
46.5
54.8
127.8
47.5
55.7
132.3
48.7
56.6
133.9
49.4
57.5
134.6
48.6
57.6
131.8
48.8
57.4
128.7
49.7
57.5
135.7
54.5
58.8
347.3
247.9
343.0
244 7
343.9
245.9
351.1
251.0
356.7
254.5
360.4
258.1
370.6
265.1
376.2
269.2
380.7
270.7
382.1
270.5
380.4 372.0
269. C 261.6
375.6
265.9
380.1
267.2
—
Furniture and fixtures_______________
Household furniture_______ ________
Office, public-building, and professional furniture__________________
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures__ ________________________
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures_____________
350.6
Stone, clay, and glass products________
Flat glass _______________________
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown..
Glass products made ôf purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic........................- ........
Structural clay products____________
Pottery and related products_______
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod-
514.0
U C tS-
_________ ___________________________
Cut-stone and stone products________
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
p ro d u cts_______________________
42.1
41 9
43.1
43.7
44.1
44.3
45.0
46.1
47.4
48.5
48.9
48.2
48.0
48.4
34.2
33.9
33.9
34.5
35.8
35.7
36.7
36.7
38.1
38.9
38.6
38.6
37.9
37.9
23.9
23.1
22.5
21.0
21.9
22.3
22.3
23.8
24.2
24.5
24.2
23.6
23.8
26.6
512.9
28. 3
95.7
15.4
43.2
73.0
41.9
501.8
26 3
93 6
15.1
42.7
71.2
41.9
498.5
27.3
92.8
15.3
41.2
70.0
44.0
499.1
28.2
93.8
15.7
40.1
69.0
44.9
504.3
31.7
93.5
16.4
40.3
69.9
45.2
515.5
33.8
93.5
16.9
41.2
72.4
45.5
536.4
35.7
96.9
17.7
42.9
77.4
47.2
550.0
35.6
100.5
17.9
43.5
80.0
48.2
557.2
35.3
101.0
18.4
43.5
81.4
48.3
562.8
34. S
102.1
18.0
44.0
82.7
48.9
560.4 542.6
34. C 33.5
101.4
96.8
18.0
17.6
42.5
30.3
82.8
82.6
48.2
47.7
552.5
34.7
98.8
17.9
42.0
80.4
49.8
563.3
35.1
95.9
17.8
43.6
86.6
54.1
110.5
17.9
107.5
17.9
103.5
18.3
101.2
17.8
99.8
17.5
101.2
17.9
104.7
18.5
109.1
18.6
112.4
19.3
114.7
19.2
114.9
19.2
115.7
19.2
112.0
19.0
116.2
19.5
87.0
85.6
86.1
88.4
90.0
93.1
95.4
96.6
97.6
98.9
99.4
99.2
97.9
94.5
Primary metal industries_____________ 1,060.7 1,068.3 1, 053.4 1,065.6 1,104.0 1,134. 6 1,183.8 1,233.6 1,258. 4 1,280.1 1,292.7 1,310.1 1,306. 5 1,309. 7 1,312. 6
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
521.6 508.1 509.8 528.9 543.9 567.2 598.8 615.3 628.5 640.5 647.1 647.7 642.7 630.2
mills _________________________
Iron and steel foundries_____________
189.5 189.7 193.9 200.4 208.4 217.6 223.3 224.0 228.5 224.3 231. i 230.2 233.8 243.0
Primary smelting and refining of non66.8
67.8
67.9
68.1
67.8
65.5
59.0
60.9
64.0
65.0
65.5
57.1
54.0
55.3
ferrous metals___________________
Secondary smelting and refining of
12.9
13.2
13.1
13.1
14.0
13.0
12.3
12.7
12.8
11.3
11.5
11.7
10.9
10.9
nonferrous metals___ ___ _________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of non102.9 101.1 103.6 104.4 105.3 109.5 112.4 114.4 112.8 114.0 116.2 114.5 115.3 118.2
ferrous metals___________________
71.4
69.4
69.8
68.9
77.6
69.8
65.0
67.3
55.1
57.7
58.7
61.7
54.8
53.9
Nonferrous foundries_______________
Miscellaneous primary metal indus
165.2
164.61
164.9
164.2
161.8
162.0
134.6 134.4 134.8 142.1 145.7 151.5 156.4 159.1
tries____________________________
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1041
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Industry
June 2 May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
M anufacturing —Continued
D u r a b l e go od s —Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipment)_________________
Tin cans and other tinware...................
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware-----Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies----------------Fabricated structural metal products..
Metal stamping, coating, and engrav
ing........ ................................................
Lighting fixtures.....................................
Fabricated wire products___________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod
ucts........................... -......................... .
996.1 1,003.7
60.0
124.8
987.2
57.6
121.6
998.9 1,021.3 1,042.9 1,080. 7 1,116.5 1,134.9 1,137.2 1,125. 7 1,125. 5 1,115.3 1,132.3 1,119.0
55.9
55.5
54.1
54.6
63.9
56.3
56.0
58.6
62.1
63.0
59.1
58.5
123.2 130.2 134.7 141.5 147.4 148.1 146.1 141.2 138.9 136.9 144.9 149.2
107.2
301.6
105.8
296.9
108.4
298.0
108.9
300.9
107.7
305.3
108.3
315.8
108.7
324.1
110.3
327.0
109.3
331.6
109.2
332.7
112.1
330.9
108.8
328.2
110.0
325.2
121.0
302.4
201.3
42.4
50.0
198.8
41.4
49.4
201.3
42.6
49.7
207.0
44.5
51.4
215.6
46.0
52.4
228.4
48.1
54.4
240.5
51.0
56.0
246.5
53.1
56.9
243.6
53.1
56.9
233.0
52.1
57.3
234.3
50.6
57.8
236.7
49.6
57.7
245.3
51.4
59.0
238.7
50.5
61.5
116.4
115.7
119.4
122.5
125.7
130.1
134.2
137.0
138.0
138.1
137.0
134.4
137.4
137.2
Machinery (except electrical)-------------- 1,454.4 1, 467.9 1, 485. 5 1, 523.4 1, 558.9 1, 579.7 1,609. 3 1,635. 7 1,657.4 1,684.8 1, 704.8 1, 705.2 1,732.0 1, 737.9 1,730.1
89.8
92.1
95.0
95.5
95.3
95.1
93.2
96.0
94.2
94.2
94.0
94.3
Engines and turbines_______ ______ _
96.4
84.1
133.9 136.8 143.9 145.5 143.9 141.2 140.1 140.3 145.1 145.0 144.7 145.4 148.4 150.0
Agricultural machinery and tractors...
118.5 119.6 124.6 129.0 132.3 135.4 138.3 142.3 147.5 151. 8 153.1 154.8 153.1 153.1
Construction and mining machinery...
217.2 225.3 231.0 239.8 245.2 254.7 262.3 268.1 275.4 282.9 284.8 290.9 287.6 284.3
Metalworking machinery----------------Special-industry machinery (except
156.6 158.6 162.0 164.9 169.0 172.1 174.3 176.1 178.4 178.4 176.7 180.2 181.0 187.8
metalworking machinery)—.............. .
217.8 219.0 223.4 231.0 235.1 240.9 244.9 245.8 249.4 252.4 251.7 256.9 254.8 256.7
General industrial machinery----------124.3 122.1 121.8 122.2 119.9 124.4 128.3 132.4 135.4 138.0 138.4 137.2 137.7 126.1
Office and store machines and devices.
Service-industry and household ma
164.6 167.2 171.1 173.7 175.1 174.8 174.9 176.0 175.4 177.0 174.6 184.9 189.9 209.2
chines-------------------- -----------------245.2 244.8 252.4 257.8 263.2 270.3 277.3 282.2 284.0 285.3 286.1 287.4 289.0 278.8
Miscellaneous machinery parts.............
Electrical machinery......................... ....... 1,076.9 1, 079.9 1,077.6 1,092.3 1,114.4 1,132.4 1,161.5 1,193.9 1,221.8 1,238.9 1,250.7 1,232.5 1,217.7 1,223.3 1,202.1
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa
362.9 365.0 372.0 381.6 389.1 399.3 407.9 411.4 413.5 418.7 414.3 416.2 420.2 416.1
ratus................. ................................
31.8
34.9
35.6
36.8
38.4
40.6
38.8
33.5
34.8
40.1
40.2
39.4
40.9
Electrical appliances------------- ------ ...
49.8
24.4
24.9
25.3
25.9
26.3
26.9
23.7
24.3
27.3
27.4
27.2
27.1
27.2
Insulated wire and cable..---------------26.4
58.2
66.4
71.3
74.6
75.3
72.5
57.7
60.7
64.0
74.8
74.6
72.4
Electrical equipment for vehicles—
75.2
73.9
29.9
26.2
28.7
29.3
25.5
27.8
30.0
30.1
30.2
30.0
26.8
30.1
30.2
28.5
Electric lamps-------- ------------------531. 6 526.7 528.3 535.3 541.0 552.0 568.6 587.7 602.4 608.1 598. 5 582.5 579.8 557.8
Communication equipment---------45.5
44.8
45.9
46.3
46.9
48.2
50.4
51.2
45.4
50.2
51.5
50.0
Miscellaneous electrical products—
49.8
49.6
Transportation equipm ent...................... 1, 527.9 1, 543.3 1,546.4 1, 570. 0 1,620.2 1,676.0 1, 736.8 1,804.1 1,817.0 1,809.0 1, 770.0 1,856.7 1,871.7 1.878.1 1, 823. 4
587.3 596.4 605.5 648.8 702.0 756.4 806.0 792.7 743.2 680.2 758.7 751.1 786.3 809.9
Motor vehicles and equipment---------752.4 742.8 754.2 756. 6 756.8 762.4 773.9 793.7 833.5 853.9 870.4 886.0 861.7 809.3
Aircraft and parts--------------------------453.9 445.5 456. 6 457.8 455.3 457.5 463.9 477.0 503.7 515.9 528.1 539.1 522. 3 494.4
Aircraft----- -------------------- ------ ---151.2 151.6 152.3 152.4 154. 0 156.6 160. 2 163.2 170. 6 174.9 178.2 182.1 179.1 167.1
Aircraft engines and parts................. .
20.2
20.5
18.8
19.3
20.3
20.6
20.8
20.4
20.7
20.6
19.8
21. C 20.5
16.9
Aircraft proj ellers and parts---------128.5 126.4 125. 5 126.1 126.9 127.5 129.4 133.3 138.5 142.5 143.6 143.8 139.8 130.9
Other aircraft parts and equipment. .
146.9 146.7 144.8 145. 9 147.1 146.1 149.6 151.2 149.6 150.6 149. 7 150. 1 148.8 130.0
Ship and boat building and repairing..
127.6 125.5 123.7 125.4 125.8 125.3 128.7 130.5 129.7 131.1 130.2 129.3 126.9 109.8
Shipbuilding and repairing.............
19.9
19.5
21.2
19.5
21.3 ■20.8
20.9
19.3
20.5
20.7
20.8
Boatbuilding and repairing................
21.1
21.9
20.2
67.3
47.6
52.2
69.5
74.5
60.2
61.8
64.2
66.0
72.0
74.8
57.1
71.6
64.3
Railroad equipm ent-......... ...................
9.1
8.6
9.9
10.6
8.3
8.3
7.7
10.7
10.8
9.7
9.9
Other transportation equipment...........
8.4
8.7
9.7
Instruments and related products--------- 305.8 308.7 309.3 313.7 317.4 320.9 325.7 331.4 334.9 336.7 338.2 339.8 334.2 837.9 335.6
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
56.9
59.3
64.5
66.6
57.1
58.1
58.3
60.2
60.8
61.6
63.0
66.8
64.9
65.1
instruments---------- ------- ----------Mechanical measuring and controlling
82.2
82.2
83.5
85.5
88.1
89.4
90.6
90.7
90.8
90.6
90.9
84.7
86.2
87.2
instruments------ ---------------------13.6
13.5
13.9
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.9
13.4
13.3
13.4
13.7
14.0
13.8
13.9
Optical instruments and lenses— .......
Surgical, medical, and dental instru
41.4
42.5
41.9
41.8
41.5
41.3
41.9
42.5
42.3
41.6
41.4
41.7
41.0
42.0
ments______ _______________ _
25.9
25.4
25.1
23.6
23.6
23.9
24.4
24.9
25.2
24.5
24.3
26.0
25.2
25.7
Ophthalmic goods_____________ ___
69.5
70.4
64.9
66.5
69.1
69.7
71.0
70.7
68.5
64.8
65.7
67.2
68.1
70.0
Photographic ap p aratu s.......................
26.6
31.9
32.1
31.8
31.2
26.3
27.7
29.2
31.8
26.2
34.4
28.6
30.1
30.8
Watches and clocks-----------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 447.8 454.6 445.9 449.5 453.6 455.6 452.2 472.1 500.9 512.5 514.7 501.3 473.6 490.0 501.0
45.9
46.5
47.4
43.4
43.0
42.5
44.9
48. C 47.7
46.3
49.9
44.1
45.0
43.2
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware...
18.6
18.5
18.4
17.7
17.3
15.7
18.1
18.2
18.5
15.7
16.1
16.2
16.9
17.4
Musical instruments and parts...........
90.6
81.3
69.3
77. S
94. S 102.2 103.5 100. C 88.4
94.6
85.3
79.3
75.8
73.6
Toys and sporting goods____________
31.9
32.9
33.
C
31.9
32.3
31.9
32.2
32.8
33.
C
32.1
31.9
31.6
31.8
32.0
Pens, pencils, other office supplies........
62.6
64. 6 63.7
58.5
64.5
53.9
59.5
60.6
61.6
56.1
58.3
58.8
61.4
55.0
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
91.5
92.9
93.5
88.9
91.5
79.9
79.1
88.6
91.6
87.5
80.9
83.8
85.4
86.7
Fabricated plastics products........ .......
142.3 141. 5 142.9 143.5 143.7 143.2 148.2 154.0 155.4 154.0 149.5 145.2 150.0 154.1
Other manufacturing industries______
N o n d u r a b l e go od s
Food and kindred products___________ 1, 548.9 1, 484. 2 1,416.6 1,385.3 1,379. 2 1.386.8 1.406.8 1.467.6 1, 508.4 1, 584. 4 1,669.2 1, 649.6 1,572. 3 1, 509.8 1, 548.6
308.3 302.0 294.1 297.5 302.7 312.8 324.4 330.9 329.5 329.2 325.8 327.7 326. 2 337.0
Meat products____________________
97.5
98.8 101.4 10b. 0 112.1 114.2 104.9 108.7
107.2 103.4
97.5
96.3
99.1
95.8
Dairy products___________________
208.0 174.3 169.9 157.7 161.2 162.8 181.9 200.2 270.3 358.8 337.0 2bl. 8 220.8 233.3
Canning and preserving-----------------115.3 112.2 111.3 111.7 111.7 111.7 111.8 112.7 115.5 116.6 117.0 113.9 114.3 118.4
Grain-mill products________________
287.5 283.3 281.9 282.1 282.7 283.6 286.3 287.8 289.1 289.4 290.7 290.6 287.2 288.4
Bakery products---------------------------29.4
28.3
27.5
42.5
31.3
31.6
27.4
42.7
47.4
25.1
26. 4 32.8
26.6
25.7
Sugar----------------------- -----------------69.9
77.5
81.8
77.1
78.7
82.8
84.0
83.7
70.1
75.5
71.6
74.0
76.0
71.0
Confectionery and related products—
216. 4 205.3 198.1 200.3 196.6 198.2 206.2 209.3 212.8 217.4 220.5 225.2 209.9 213.0
Beverages--------------- -------- -----------143.3 138.3 134.2 133.3 133.9 132.6 134.0 137.3 139.6 140.6 141.1 141.5 137.7 139.5
Miscellaneous food products........... —
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1042
T able A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Industry
J u ly 2 Ju n e2 May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Manufacturing—Continued
N o n d u r a b l e go o d s —
Continued
Tobacco manufactures...............................
Cigarettes............................................... Cigars..................................................... Tobacco and snuff..................................
Tobacco stemming and redrying_____
77.7
80.2
36.4
28.8
6.5
8.5
79.7
36.0
28.6
6.5
8.6
80.0
35.8
28.7
6.4
9.1
84.3
35.6
29.8
6.5
12.4
89.6
35.8
30.6
6.4
16.8
93.9
35.7
30.6
6.4
21.2
98.5
35.7
32.0
6.4
24.4
97.8
35.8
32.6
6.5
22.9
Textile-mill products.................................
Scouring and combing plants................
Yarn and thread mills______________
Broad-woven fabric mills___________
Narrow fabrics and small w ares............
Knitting mills_____________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles.......... .
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____
Miscellaneous textile goods__________
922.1
930.2
5.4
107.1
393.9
26.8
208.6
83.6
42.5
10.4
51.9
921.8
5.0
106.2
393.0
26.4
203.3
83.9
42.4
10.3
51.3
928.0
5.0
106.9
398.8
26.7
199.9
84.9
44.5
9.7
51.6
935.9
5.0
107.7
404.5
27.2
197.7
84.6
46.1
10.1
53.0
945.8
5.1
109.4
408.5
27.3
198.0
85.8
46.7
10.5
54.5
951.4
4.8
110.6
411.4
27.5
196.6
85.6
47.8
10.5
56.6
976.3
4.8
113.1
418.2
28.1
206.8
87.1
48.8
10.7
58.7
987.0
4.6
113.1
418.1
28.5
214.8
88.2
49.1
10.5
60.1
106.7
35.2
32.8
6.5
32.2
111.7
35.8
32.3
6.6
37.0
102.6
35.7
32.0
6.6
28.3
999.5 1,004.6 1,003.6
5.1
5.5
5.8
114.6 115.8 113.9
423.2 425.5 426.6
29.1
29.1
29.0
218.4 219.3 219.8
88.6
88.7
88.1
50.4
50.6
50.1
10.3
9.9
10.1
59.8
60.2
60.2
81.1
34.2
30.1
6.3
10.5
94.1
34.6
32.6
6.6
20.3
98.1
34.2
34.5
7.0
22.4
987.4 1,004.8 1,057. 6
5.6
5.5
6.6
113.1 116.0 122.7
422.1 428.7 456.9
29.1
28.4
29.8
213.5 214.5 221.1
86.2
88.4
91.7
49.3
51.5
54.3
10.3
10.6
12.3
58.9
60.5
62.2
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts..___ ________________ _______ 1,109.5 .1,121. 0 1,113.4 1,115.5 1,148.2 1,181.4 1,168.0 1,188.0 1,199.8 1,206.1 1,215.9 1,217.4 1,155. 7 1,198. 6 1,211.2
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats...........
107.9 105.7 101.5 109.8 111.2 110.9 113.0 111.5 115.3 117.9 118.1 113.8 117.6 123.1
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing________________________
310.0 304.2 302.7 311.1 311.9 306.8 312.6 318.1 322.3 324.5 321.1 312.0 316.5 317.4
W omen’s outerwear________________
317.8 328.8 332.8 333.8 357.1 351.6 354.9 351.7 345.1 353.9 359.1 329.8 352.1 354.2
Women’s, children’s undergarments__
110.1 110.0 114.0 115.5 116.0 115.9 118.2 121.0 121.4 121.3 119.3 113.4 119.6 120.9
20.4
Millinery_________________________
21.9
12.1
14.9
16.9
20.3
18.0
15.8
19.2
20.3
16.5
13.7
18.7
18.9
67.9
71.8
75.2
Children’s outerwear_______________
74.1
72.2
74.4
75.3
75.8
76.3
75.1
74.8
70.3
74.0
73.8
9.7
9.9
10.9
Fur goods________________________
8.8
11.3
10.2
10.7
11.5
11.5
10.5
11.0
10.3
10.4
11.3
55.9
53.9
55.7
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
56.3
58.7
60.4
60.5
55.7
53.9
60.8
60.0
57.8
59.2
62.7
Other fabricated textile products.........
120.0 118.1 119.0 120.4 122.3 124.2 130.8 135.6 135.2 130.2 132.7 126.4 130.5 128.9
Paper and allied products_____________
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills........
Paperboard containers and boxes_____
Other paper and allied products........
534.7
542.2
267.8
147.5
126.9
539.3
266.8
146.2
126.3
541.7
268.1
145.8
127.8
543.6
268.0
147.2
128.4
545.7
268.8
147.9
129.0
552.1
272.1
150.8
129.2
562.0
274.6
156.0
131.4
565.8
275.2
158.8
131.8
567.9
275.1
158.6
134.2
568.9
276.1
158.4
134.4
565.3
277.0
154.8
133.5
559.8
274.9
152.3
132.6
566.3
277.4
155.3
133.6
567.7
278.0
155.7
134.0
Printing, publishing and allied industries.
Newspapers_______________________
Periodicals____ ___________________
Books____________________________
Commercial printing_______________
Lithographing______ ______________
Greeting cards____________________
Bookbinding and related industries___
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services_________________________
842.9
846.8
317.4
60.0
53.9
219.6
65.2
19.9
44.3
845.5
316.1
60.8
54.3
219.1
65.4
18.8
43.9
850.9
314.9
61.5
54.7
221.5
65.4
18.3
44.4
854.2
315.5
61.8
55.2
222.8
65.7
17.8
44.8
853.2
315.0
62.1
55.2
222.1
65.5
18.1
44.6
855.8
315.2
62.6
55.4
223.9
65.4
18.0
44.8
864.1
318.4
62.7
55.2
226.7
67.4
18.9
45.2
866.7
318.3
63.1
55.2
225.2
67.7
21.6
45.7
866.5
316.9
62.5
55.4
225.7
67.8
21.5
47.1
860.9
315.7
61.6
55.4
223.8
67.2
20.5
47.4
850.9
312.1
59.6
55.1
223.7
66.7
19.6
46.0
851.7
314.1
59.8
55.3
223.0
66.4
19.4
45.6
857.9
315.0
61.7
55.5
223.9
66.7
19.5
46.1
850.5
311.9
64.4
53.6
221.2
64.3
19.6
46.0
66.5
67.1
70.2
70.6
70.6
70.5
69.6
69.9
69.6
69.3
68.1
68.1
69.5
69.5
Chemicals and allied products.................. 808.0
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals........ ..........
Drugs and medicines_______________
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara
tions_________________________ _
Paints, pigments, and fillers..................
Gum and wood chemicals_______ ____
Fertilizers___ _____________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats___
Miscellaneous chemicals......................... ...........
Products of petroleum and coal...............
240.4
Petroleum refining_________ _______
Coke, other petroleum and coal
products................................... ...........
808.0
101.6
305.5
102.7
816.8
102.1
306.1
102.6
826.6
103.7
309.0
102.9
825.4
104.4
310.5
102.7
824.5
104.9
313.7
102.1
831.2
105.9
317.6
102.3
837.7
106.1
320.1
103.0
842.6
106.7
320.8
103.0
846.2
107.7
320.3
101.8
847.2
108.7
323.8
101.5
844.8
109.1
325.2
101.4
840.7
109.0
325.6
100.5
844.8
108.2
323.6
100.0
833.2
108.6
318.1
96.7
48.5
72.2
7.6
33.7
36.1
100.1
47.9
71.2
8.0
42.7
35.8
100.4
47.8
71.6
7.9
46.3
36.5
100.9
48.2
72.3
7.9
41.1
37.4
100.9
48.3
72.6
7.9
35.5
38.4
101.1
48.5
73.1
8.0
34.5
40.3
101.0
49.0
73.6
8.0
32.6
42.5
102.8
49.9
73.9
7.9
32.8
43.8
103.8
50.5
74.9
8.5
34.1
43.7
104.7
50.8
76.0
8.7
33.5
40.6
103.6
50.6
76.7
8.8
31.2
37.8
104.0
50.0
77.1
8.7
30.6
36.9
102.3
50.0
75.4
8.5
35.8
40.5
102.8
50.1
75.6
8.4
36.0
40.9
98.8
239.0
192.5
238.3
192.9
237.9
193.3
238.4
194.2
241.4
195.2
243.8
196.7
244.8
196.3
247.7
197.3
249.2
197.7
252.7
200.9
252.9
201.5
251.8
200.5
249.5
199.1
252.1
200.8
46.5
45.4
44.6
44.2
46.2
47.1
48.5
50.4
51.5
51.8
51.4
51.3
50.4
51.3
Rubber products____________________
Tires and inner tubes_______________
Rubber footwear_____________ _____
Other rubber products______________
233.9
97.3
20.5
116.1
230.5
96.3
20.6
113.6
234.7
98.4
20.7
115.6
243.6
102.5
20.9
120.2
251.4
105.6
21.3
124.5
260.9
109.2
21.6
130.1
267.9
111.3
21.9
134.7
269.7
111.4
22.1
136.2
270.2
111.6
21.9
136.7
267.2
111.6
22.0
133.6
264.9
111.3
21.9
131.7
259.9
110.6
21.5
127.8
265.2
110.0
21.9
133.3
269.2
111.5
24.1
133.6
354.0
37.8
3.6
18.0
237.8
14.9
27.5
14.4
340.6
37.2
3.7
17.3
229.5
14.4
24.6
13.9
339.4
37.3
3.9
17.1
226.9
14.2
26.5
13.5
360.4
38.4
4.3
17.8
241.8
14.3
30.6
13.2
366.7
38.9
4.6
18.8
246.2
14.4
31.2
12.6
363.0
39.5
4.7
18.9
245.6
14.2
28.2
11.9
366.4
39.9
4.8
18.8
243.7
14.9
30.6
13.7
367.4
40.4
4.7
18.4
240.0
15.4
31.7
16.8
368.2
40.4
4.6
18.3
240.4
15.8
31.8
16.9
370.9
40.6
4.5
18.2
243.3
15.8
31.1
17.4
376.0
41.0
4.5
18.8
247.4
16.1
30.9
17.3
366.4
40.3
4.4
18.9
243.7
15.6
26.8
16.7
369.9
40.7
4.6
18.9
243.8
15.6
30.1
16.2
379.8
42.7
5.0
19.8
246.3
16.3
32.8
16.9
Leather and leather products__________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finishedindustrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings...
Footwear (except rubber)___________
Luggage---------------- --------------------Handbags and small leather goods____
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
235.2
_________
354.6
—
_________
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-2.
1043
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Industry
Ju ly 2 Ju n e2 May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Transportation and public utilities..... ........ 3,908 3,905 3,874 3,883 3,910 3,944 3,985 4,094 4,114 4,152 4,201 4,210 4,194 4,151 4,161
Transportation_____________________ 2, 521 2,527 2, 499 2,503 2, 524 2,552 2, 587 2,688 2,706 2, 743 2,781 2,773 2,758 2,741 2,773
956.4 945.8 951.9 965.8 989.5 1,013. 5 1,062. 8 1,076.9 1,112. 4 1,134. 5 1,146. 6 1,138.6 1,123.4 1,190. 5
Interstate railroads........ ...........................
Class I railroads----------------------------836.5 825.5 828.8 840.3 861.9 884.1 918.9 939.6 974.5 994.8 1,006. 5 1,007. 9 984.8 1,042. 6
97.3 101.6 100.9 101.1 101.0 103.0 103.3 103. 5 103.6 103.6 109.5
95.9
Local railways and bus-lines______ ____
96.7
97.0
Trucking and warehousing.......................
790.3 774.2 770.4 779.8 782.6 790.0 824.7 832.2 832.3 831.5 816.0 811.3 812.3 803.6
Other transportation and services______
684.3 682.0 683.6 680.7 678.6 682.9 699.6 695.7 695.0 711.2 707.2 704.8 701.8 669.1
42.1
41.4
41.0
42.4
40.9
42.6
Buslines, except local........ ...... ..............
42.0
42.9
43.2
44.5
44.9
44.4
42.9
42.0
Air transportation (common carrier)...
143.3 141.2 141.0 142.0 144.7 145.0 144.8 144.6 141.5 147.6 147.6 147.0 144.6 130.5
1 Pipe-line transportation (except nat
25.5
ural gas)................................................
25.8
25.8
25.9
25.7
26.5
25.8
26.1
26.2
27.1
27.5
26.4
25.9
27.5
789
795
783
773
C ommunication____________________
778
800
777
808
809
814
806
824
824
795
810
733.2 737.9 743.5 749.3 755. 5 759.7 765.0 766.7 766.8 771.8 782.0 781.6 768. 2 751.2
Telephone................ ...............................
Telegraph................................................
38.6
39.1
38.5
38.7
39.9
39.0
40.3
40.3
41.3
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.5
42.6
597
597
605
598
597
Other public utilities------------------------609
598
600
600
600
612
606
613
600
593
581.4 575.4 574.4 574.3 574.5 575.2 576.9 577.1 577.4 583.3 589.1 588.8 577.2 569.1
Gas and electric utilities____________
259.9 257.7 257.6 257.6 258.1 258.3 258.9 259.0 259.0 262.2 264.8 264.4 258.7 250.2
Electric light and power utilities___
151.9 149.8 149.3 149.1 148.9 149.2 149.7 149.8 149.6 150.7 151.8 151.8 149.0 145.3
Gas utilities............................ .............
Electric light and gas utilities com
bined___ _____ _______________
169.6 167.9 167.5 167.6 167.5 167.7 168.3 168.3 168.8 170.4 172.5 172.6 169.5 173.6
Local utilities, not elsewhere classi
22.8
23.0
22.4
23.2
fied______________________ ___
22.4
23.0
22.6
22.7
22.9
23.1
23.6
23.6
23.0
23.6
Wholesale and retail trade.................. ........
Wholesale trad e..------------- ---------------Wholesalers, full-service and limited
function............................................ .
Automotive_________________ ____
Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines,
and liquors______ _____ _______
Electrical goods, machinery, hardware,
and plumbing equipment_______
Other full-service and limited-function
wholesalers.................. ......................
Wholesale distributors, other............... .
Retail trade............................................... .
General merchandise stores................. .
Department stores and general mail
order houses____________ ______
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores______________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets.
Dairy product stores and dealers___
Other food and liquor stores_______
Automotive and accessories dealers......
Apparel and accessories stores...............
Other retail trade__________________
Furniture and appliance stores_____
Drug stores_____ ________________
F inance, insurance, and real e s ta te _______
Banks and trust companies___________
Security dealers and exchanges------------Insurance catriers and agents--------------Other finance agencies and real estate___
Service and m iscellan eou s--------
Hotels and lodging places____
Personal services:
Laundries..............................
Cleaning and dyeing plants.
Motion pictures------------------
G overn m en t__________________
Federal3-------- ------ ---------Executive______________
Department of Defense..
Post Office DepartmentOther agencies......... .......
Legislative_____________
Judicial________________
State and local4---------------State--------------------------Local........... ............. ..........
Education_____________
Other....... ..........................
10,983 11,031 10,961 10,940 10,939 10,948 11,140 12,076 11,557 11,387 11,349 11,236 11,229 11,302 11,221
2,997 2, 978 2,960 2,982 3,010 3,023 3, 051 3,104 3,103 3,097 3,081 3,084 3,074 3,065 3,008
1, 729.9 1, 713. 9 1,722. 5 1,737. 8 1,744. 8 1, 762. 2 1, 796. 9 1, 795. 9 1, 788. 4 1,783.3 1, 778. 8 1, 774. 8 1,772.1 1,754.0
126.0 124.1 124.3 124.4 125.1 125.2 125.7 125.3 125.7 125.9 125.5 124.9 123.3 118.8
298.7
293.5
297.8
302.8
303.0
304.2
308.7
308.8
305.2
305.4
302.0
302.9
303.4
305.0
436.5
434.2
436.5
441.2
444.4
449.3
454.1
456.3
457.4
457.6
459.7
459.1
457.1
455.2
868.7 862.1 863.9 869.4 872.3 883.5 908.4 905.5 900.1 894.4 891.6 887.9 888.3 875.0
1, 247. 6 1,245. 7 1,259. 4 1,271.8 1,277.9 1,288.6 1,307. 2 1,307. 5 1,308. 7 1,297. 7 1,304. 7 1,299. 0 1, 293.1 1.254.3
7,986 8, 053 8,001 7,958 7,929 7,925 8,089 8,972 8,454 8, 290 8,268 8,152 8,155 8,237 8, 213
1,322.0 1,354.9 1,358. 4 1.351.5 1,331.7 1,316. 4 1,386. 4 1,938. 7 1,582.1 1.470.6 1, 440. 7 1.371.1 1,365. 4 1, 457.1 1,455. 7
870.1 872.4 864.5 856.9 854.0 905.7 1.258.6
484.8 486.0 487.0 474.8 462.4 480.7 680.1
1, 582.2 1,595.7 1, 593.6 1,591.7 1, 598. 3 1,602. 2 1.599.1 1,625. 5
1,142. 7 1,140.7 1,139.3 1,150. 0 1,151.1 1,149. 9 1.157.7
232. ' 229.6 227.6 225.7 224.9 226.3 227.8
220.1
223.3 224.8 222.6 226.2 222 .
240.0
752.6 756.1 756.6 757.2 768.0 778.4 792.6 823.5
568.5 590.2 586.7 583.7 576.2 554.8 583.3 719.3
3, 760.8 3,756.2 3,705. 4 3,673. 9 3,654.3 3,673. 2 3, 727. 5 3.865.1
385.1 385.0 385.4 387.3 390.0 390.3 410.4
352.2 349.3 347.7 345.7 345.8 357.5 385.0
2,405
6,464
2,387
615. 2
83.7
896.7
791.8
2,370
610.4
83.3
892.3
783.5
2,356
612.2
83.2
893.8
766.8
2,348
612.4
83.8
892.7
759.1
2,343
612.1
84.0
889.6
756.9
2,344
610.5
83.7
887.6
762.0
2,353
610.7
83.9
6,482
537.4
6,455
510.0
6,384
499.9
6,267
476.4
6,240
476.7
6,241
473.2
318.1
173.2
192.6
314.1
172.1
193.5
310.6
168.9
192.9
310.8
164.6
185.9
311.3
162.7
186.1
316.2
165.9
186.8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
771.6
2,360
610.4
83.9
884.6
780.8
2,361
608.3
83.8
880.3
788.3
2,366
607.2
84.2
879.9
794.9
2,394
615.5
85.6
885.1
807.7
2,396
612.7
85.3
881.6
816.2
2,348
602.8
83
869.6
792.0
2,308
578.7
82.4
825.9
821.1
6,318
487.0
6,367
495.8
6,406
505.2
6,412
547.3
6,404
627.0
6,427
627.1
6,336
531.0
6,160
515.4
319.0
168.0
190.9
321.2
170.7
197.7
323.8
172.6
205.0
325.7
169.1
329.3
164.2
208. 3
334.0
170.8
207.2
326.3
169.8
204.1
332.3
165.8
223.4
7,759 7,723 7,625 7,399
,148 2,156 2,179 2,212
,120.9 2,128. 9 2,152. 7 2,184. 7
961.2 971.5 995.3 1.018.1
533.8 526.6 523.7 521.9
625.9 630.8 633.7 644.7
22.1
22.1
2 2.0
22.3
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
,611 5,567 5,446 5,187
. 417. 3 1.408.6 1,375.8 1,341.2
, 194.1 4,157.9 4,070.1 3, 845.3
, 600.1 2, 552. 0 2, 392. 2 2, 079. 3
,011.3 3,014.5 3,053. 7 3,107. 2
7,411
,219
, 192.0
, 023. 4
521.4
647.2
22.3
4.6
,192
, 346. 0
, 846. 3
, 085. 3
, 107. 0
7,626
217
190.2
007.3
551.4
631.5
7,277
209
183.1
034.1
535.3
613.7
21.9
4.3
068
300.6
767.8
219. 7
848.7
886.8
7,660 7,864 7,870 7,850 7,822 7,789 7,749 8,067
2,192 2,184 2,151 2,150 2,141 2,140 2,137 2, 470
2,156. 8 2,123. 8 2,123. 5 2,114. 7 2,113. 3 2,110. 5 2, 443. 4
966.5 958.3 956.9 953.8 953.6 952.3 954.5
539.5 528.2 530. 5 531.1 532.8 532.9 864.6
654.4 637.3 636.1 629.8 626.9 625.3 624.3
21.9
21.9
22.0
21.9
22.1
22.3
22.1
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
5,468 5,680 5,719 5,700 5, 681 5,649 5,612 5,597
1, 465.1 1, 473.1 1,462. 9 1,453. 6 1,443. 2 1,435. 2 1,418.5
4, 214. 9 4, 245. 5 4, 237.1 4,227.0 4,205. 5 4,176. 9 4,178. 7
2, 490.6 2, 608. 6 2.617.6 2,628. 5 2,614. 2 2, 584. 0 2, 586.1
3,189. 4 3,110.0 3, 082. 4 3, 052.1 3 034. 5 3.028.1 3.011.1
1 Beginning with the August 1958 issue, figures for 1956-58 differ from those
previously published because of the adjustment of the employment estimates
to 1st quarter 1957 benchmark levels indicated by data from government
social insurance programs. Statistics from 1957 forward are subject to revi
sion when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based upon establishment reports which cover all full- and
part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked during,
or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the
month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are ex
cluded.
L> Preliminary.
, 038.6 954.1 929.3 892.4 888 .
944.
943.8
543.5 516. 5 511.4 478.7 476.
512.
511.9
.611.6 1,585.0 1, 576. 9 1, 563. 5 1, 569. 1,573. 1.542.4
, 149.1 1,124. 9 1,108. 1.090.1 1,095, 1,106. 1,076. 9
228.7 230.2 237.6 244.4 245.
234.
231.9
233.8 229.9 230.5 2 2 9 . 0 2 2 8 .
232.
2 3 3 .6
811.0 803.0 802.7 806.9 808,
804.
809.6
626.3 608.6 597.9 555. 7 564.
604.
610.3
, 822. 5 3, 822. 7 3, 849. 6 3,854. 8 3,846. 3, 796. 3, 795. 4
399.1 394.8 390. 2 390.5 391.
394.8 395.8
361.3 361.1 355.2 356.4 359.
354.7 341.2
210.1
22.1
4.6
409
382.9
025.7
401.8
006.8
3 Data for Federal establishments refer to continental United States; they
relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for, the last day
of the month.
4 State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen.
<
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except those for the Federal Government, which is prepared by the
U. S. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1044
T able A-3.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
1957
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Ju ly 2 Ju n e2 May
M in in g ___________________________________
M etal __ __________________________
Iron. ___________________________
Copper . ________________________
Lead and zinc_____________________
A n th racite_________________________
Bituminous-coal_____________________
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
duction_________________________
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)__________
Nonmetallie mining and quarrying_____
C ontract con stru ction _____________________
Nonbuilding construction_____________
Highway and street construction_____
Other nonbuilding construction......... .
Building construction________________
General contractors. _______________
Special-trade contractors____________
*Plumbing and heating____________
Painting and decorating____ ______
Electrical work_____ ___________
Other special-trade contractors_____
M an u factu rin g.. . -----------------------------Durable goods.-------- ------------------Nondurable goods__________ _____
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
566
75.9
25 1
23.0
10 9
17.7
167.4
563
75 2
24 1
22 9
11. 2
18 2
171 3
567
74.4
22.9
22.8
11.4
17.9
177.3
583
79.2
26. 4
23.7
11.6
21.1
184.2
597
81.0
27.2
24.1
11.9
22.3
190.3
616
84.3
29.0
24.7
12.3
21.7
196.9
638
88.2
32.1
25.3
12.5
24.2
202.4
643
89.2
33.5
25.3
12.1
22.3
203.2
653
90.4
34.8
25.1
12.2
25.3
205.9
667
94.2
36.0
26.7
12.7
26.3
206.0
676
96.1
36.5
27.4
13.2
25.1
206.9
674
97.4
35.8
27.8
14.1
28.8
201.2
664
94.4
33.9
27.3
14.1
26.4
208.4
673
92.9
30.4
28.3
14.9
26.8
208.8
211.1
206.2
206.7
210.4
217.3
223.6
229.0
231.6
232.5
241.4
248.1
247.8
238.0
245.4
114.4 112.3 113.1 113.9 115.0 116.2 117.0 117.2 118.5 124.1 128.3 128.6 122.6 128.0
99.4
89.0
94.3
97.1
98.6
99.9
86.0
98.3
96.3
98.6
90.6
87.9
94.3
92.5
2,449 2,318 2,132 1,961 1,817 2,025 2,249 2,440 2,587 2,651 2,683 2,671 2,442 2,559
382
447
517
575
595
607
370
331
606
515
448
520
580
538
285.8 255 8 191.1 140.0 120.5 144.1 178.9 224.9 265.9 278.7 284.5 280.6 226.8 234.8
294.1 282.1 257.3 229.8 210.4 237.7 268.5 291.6 309.4 316.2 322.8 325.8 288.5 284.8
1, 869 1, 780 1, 684 1, 591 1,486 1. 643 1,802 1,923 2,012 2,056 2,076 2, 065 1,927 2,039
709 6 670.1 627.9 596. 9 556.0 626.7 690.4 744.7 782.4 807.6 835.5 851.6 772.6 868.6
1,159. 0 1,110. 0 1, 056. 5 993.6 930.3 1,015.8 1, 111. 9 1,177.9 1,229.8 1,248. 7 1, 240. 3 1,213.1 1,154.1 1,170.0
242. 4 230.4 227.8 230.0 233.6 247.2 259.9 266.1 276.9 279.1 270.1 259.8 265.9 271.9
163.6 155.1 137.1 124.1 113.9 122.0 138.6 153.0 164.3 173.7 179.3 179.7 150.1 157.4
131 4 128 9 127.1 128.7 133.1 137.4 143.9 149.2 153.8 157.5 160.7 ICO. 1 151.7 149.7
621. 6 595. 6 564.5 510.8 449.7 509.2 569.5 609.6 634.8 638.4 630.2 613.5 586.4 591.0s
11,375 11.406 11,245 11,310 11,542 11,767 12,024 12,449 12,694 12,896 12,993 13,020 12,784 12,911 13,195
6, 283 6,338 6,269 6,337 6,502 6, 653 6,869 7,153 7,322 7,413 7,414 7,489 7,445 7,523 7,667
5,092 5,068 4,976 4,973 5,040 5,114 5,155 5,296 5,372 5,483 5, 579 5, 531 5,339 5,388 5,528
D u r a b l e go o d s
Ordnance and accessories_____________
Lumber and wood products (except fur
niture)------------- ------ ------------------Logging camps and contractors______
Sawmills and planing mills__________
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products__________
Wooden containers_________________
Miscellaneous wood products________
Furniture and fixtures..............................
Household furniture________ ______
Office, public-building, and professional
f u rn itu re ..___________ ______ ___
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures. ________________________
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous fur
niture and fixtures_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products.................
Flat glass . _____________________
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic....... ............. .............
Structural clay products____________
Pottery and related products________
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Cut-stone and stone products. ______
Miscellaneous nonmetallie mineral
p ro d u cts_______________________
Primary metal industries___ ____ _____
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills
_ ____________________
Tron and steel foundries _______ _
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals___________________
Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals___________________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals___________________
Nonferrous foundries... . .
_______
Miscellaneous primary metal industries.
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipment ________ ________
Tin cans and other tinware__________
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware___
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies____ ___________
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.
Lighting fixtures _ _______________
Fabricated wire products
________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod
ucts..... ........ .........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
66.2
68.4
67.8
69.0
67.7
67.0
67.6
69.2
70.3
71.6
74.9
77.2
76.2
76.9
83.8
568.1
570.9
85. 5
292.6
542.4
74.9
279.7
520.3
65.5
269.1
515.0
62.9
267.5
516.5
63.5
267.5
526.4
64.8
272.1
548.8
70.1
284.0
569.5
75.9
294.2
590.4
83.3
301.6
598.6
80.2
309.0
612.1
86.6
316.6
612.9
93.0
313.7
588.3
80.1
303.5
666.7
100.3
349.2
106.0
41.3
45.5
287.3
211.4
101.6
40.9
45.3
283.5
208. 4
100.1
39.9
45.7
283.2
208.9
98.5
40.0
46.1
290.1
213.9
100.6
39.0
45.9
295.3
217.5
101.6
41.3
46.6
298.5
220.6
104.2
42.3
48.2
308.7
227.7
107.2
43.2
49.0
313.7
231.3
111.2
44.4
49.9
318.9
233.5
113.4
45.1
50.9
320.8
233.7
113.7
44.2
51.0
318.6
231.9
110.8 108.3
44. 5 45.5
50.9
50.9
310.3 314.2
224.9 228.9
114.7
50.2
52.3
319.2
230.9
32.7
32.7
33.5
33.9
34.2
34.5
35.2
36.1
37.5
38.7
39.0
38.1
38.2
39.1
25.2
24.8
24.8
25.4
26.4
26.3
27.2
27.3
28.6
29.3
29.1
28.9
28.4
28.6
18.0
416.5
24. 5
80.6
12.5
35.8
63.5
35. 7
88.3
15.3
17.6
404.9
22.4
78 4
12.2
35.3
61.7
35.4
85.2
15.3
16.0
402.2
23.5
77.4
12.3
33.8
60.4
37.5
82.1
15.7
16.9
402.7
24.3
78.6
12.6
32.8
59.2
38.4
80.1
15.2
17.2
408.0
27.8
78.2
13.5
33.0
59.8
38.8
78.8
15.0
17.1
418.5
30.1
77.7
13.9
33.9
62.4
38.9
80.3
15.3
18.6
439.6
31.9
81.1
14.8
35.8
67.5
40.6
83.8
15.9
19.0
453.0
31.8
84.9
14.8
36.4
69.7
41.9
88.0
16.1
19.3
459.8
31.4
85.4
15.4
36.4
71.2
41.9
91.2
16.7
19.1
465.1
30.3
86.8
15.1
36.9
72.7
42.5
93.0
16.6
18.6
462.7
29.8
86.1
15.1
35.5
72.8
41.9
93.5
16.6
18.4
445.8
29.5
81.8
14.8
23.5
72.5
41.3
94.4
16.6
18.7
456.0
30.9
83.4
15.0
35.0
70.3
43.3
90.6
16.5
20.6
470.7
31.4
81.0
15.1
36.7
76.8
47.6
95.1
17.0
60.3
857.8
59.0
840.4
59.5
848.5
61.5
885.1
63.1
912.5
68.2
69.4
70.2
66.0
71.2
71.4
71.4
71.0
70.0
958.4 1, 005. 6 1, 029.8 1,050. 7 1,062.7 1, 079. 5 1,077. 7 1,081. 6 1,097.4
422.8
159.8
408.3
159.8
407.3
163.5
426.8
169.6
440.0
177.4
462.0
186.3
492.0
191.6
508.3
192.3
522.3
195.8
533.2
192.5
539.7
199.3
541.5
198.4
537.0
201.6
532.6
211. 7
41.0
42.3
43.8
45.3
47.0
49.6
50.7
51.2
51.1
52.3
53.1
52.9
53.5
54.5
7.7
7.7
7.9
8.1
8.2
8.7
9.0
9.1
9.6
9.7
9.6
9.7
9.8
10.5
78.5
43.9
104.1
76.5
42.7
103.1
78.7
43.9
103.4
79.3
46.0
110.0
79.9
46.9
113.1
83.5
49.5
118.8
86.4
52.6
123.3
88.2
54.9
125.8
86.5
57.2
128.2
87.7
56.6
130.7
90.0
56.9
130.9
88.4
56.3
130.5
89.2
58.6
131.9
93.6
64.2
130.3
772.0
52.4
96.8
755.9
50.0
93.4
765.8
48.9
94.8
786.6
48.3
101.4
805.8
47.9
105.5
840.0
46.4
112.1
875.4
46.8
117.9
894.6
48.3
118.4
896.5
50.9
116.4
884.0
54.3
111.8
884.6
55.9
109.4
874.7
55.1
107.5
892.5
51.4
115.5
890.5
51.2
120.4
81.6
219.1
160. 6
32.1
39.6
80.3
214.8
158.3
31.2
38.9
82.6
216.0
159.5
32.2
39.0
83.0
219.0
165.0
33.9
40.7
81.9
222.6
172.8
35.3
41.4
82.4
232.0
184.1
37.1
43.5
82.9
240.1
196.4
40.4
45.0
84.8
243.3
202.9
42.2
45.9
83.4
247.5
200.0
42.3
45.8
83.6
248.4
188.3
41.2
46.2
86.2
246.4
191.0
39.8
46.7
83.0
244.5
192.5
38.8
46.7
83.9
241.8
201.3
40.8
47.9
93.8
225. 5
197.4
40.4
50.8
89.8
89.0
92.8
95.3
98.4
102.4
105.9
108.8
110.2
110.2
109.2
106.6
109.9
111.0
289.8
418.0
852.5
765.1
1045
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-3.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Industry
July 2 Ju n e 2 May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Manufacturing—Continued
D u r a b l e go o d s —Continued
Machinery (except electrical)__________
Engines and turbines ______________
Agricultural machinery and tractors
Construction and mining1machinery
Metalworking machinery _________
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)_________
(Tenoral industrial machinery. ______
Office and store machines and devices..
Service-industry and household machines
____________________
Miscellaneous machinery parts______
997.9 1,012.4 1,028. 6 1,060.8 1,090.2 1,108.6 1,134.0 1,159.1 1,179.4 1,204. 4 1,223.0 1,215. 7 1,242. 5 1,255. 7 1,278. 7
66.4
66.0
68.3
61.2
66.0
65.8
58.0
60.8
65.9
66.5
66.0
64.2
65.7
62.3
97.5 102.4 102.1 101.6 103.0 105. 7 108.4
95.2 101.0 101. 5 100.5
98.3
97.5
92.5
80.1
95.8
99.3 104.1 108.1 108.7 110.3 109.4 111.8
79.5
87.6
90.7
93.3
84.3
157.1 164.0 168.7 175.9 180.5 188.8 194.7 199.5 206.0 213.1 213.6 219.6 218.2 218.7
Electrical machinery. .............. — ........Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparat,ns
__________________
Electrical appliances______________
Insulated wire and c a b le ___________
Electrical equipment for vehicles_____
Electric lamps __________________
Communication equipment.
Miscellaneous electrical products_____
713.8
105.5
136.4
83.5
107.5
137.2
81.7
110.1
140.7
81.3
112.3
146.8
81.8
115.8
149.4
81.0
118.3
154.7
83.9
120.3
157.6
89.5
121.8
158.9
93.3
123.5
161.7
96.7
123.6
163.8
98.1
121.4
162.4
97.1
124.8
166.0
97.3
125.9
166.3
99.2
133.3
172.7
95.2
119.8
180.1
121.7
180.4
125.8
186.6
127.8
192.3
128.3
196.7
128.1
202.7
127.7
209.5
129.0
214.1
128.3
215.7
129.4
219.0
126.6
217.9
135.6
219.9
141.2
221.5
160.1
217.3
716.2
715.3
729.2
749.3
766.6
793.3
824.5
851.2
868.1
877.5
860.2
845.6
857.7
870.3
237.9
22.8
18.5
43.5
21.7
339.3
32.5
239.6
24.4
17.7
43.1
22.3
336.1
32.1
245.9
25.6
18.3
45.6
22.8
338.7
32.3
253.5
25.5
18.8
48.7
23.8
346.3
32.7
259.9
26.1
19.1
51.0
24.6
353.1
32.8
268.1
27.2
19.7
55.5
25.2
364.1
33.5
275.9
28.8
20.1
58.7
25.7
380.8
34.5
278.9
30.5
20.7
59.1
25.7
399.7
36.6
280.7
30.9
21.0
58.7
25.9
414.4
36.5
285.5
30.4
21.0
58.0
26.0
419.1
37.5
281.1
29.0
20.8
56.2
25.8
410.2
37.1
282.0
29.6
20.7
56.4
26.0
394.8
36.1
288.4
31.2
20.9
59.3
26.1
395.8
36.0
297.2
39.6
20.9
59.0
25.1
392.0
36.5
Transportation equipment------------------ 1,066.4 1, 081. 4 1,081.2 1,103.0 1,152.7 1, 206. 9 1,266. 7 1, 329. 6 1.337.2 1,316.2 1,268.6 1,352.1 1,364.0 1, 383. 6 1,354.1
439.2 446.3 453. 5 495.7 546.0 599.1 648.7 637.1 586.1 523.4 602.8 596.3 630.1 648.5
Motor vehicles and equipment
478.3 467.7 479.3 482.6 483.8 489.9 497.6 510.9 539.3 550.7 563.1 574.2 563. 6 537.4
Aircraft and parts
_____________
291.9 281.5 292.7 294.4 293.2 295.6 299.7 307.6 326.4 332.2 342.2 348.2 340. 9 326.8
Aircraft
__________________
98.4 103.4 106.0 107.6 112.2 111.3 105.3
95.8
89.2
89.6
90.9
93.3
88.7
89.5
Aircraft engines and p a r ts ________
13.9
14.4
13.9
14.1
11.3
13.8
14.0
14.1
13.9
12.8
13.9
14.3
13.3
13.8
Aircraft propellers and parts_______
99.4
99.4
95.4
97.5
98.5
94.0
88.2
91.1
84.9
84.7
85.6
86.7
Other aircraft parts and" equipm ent._
83.7
83.3
Ship and boat building and repairing
123.8 123.6 121.8 123.0 124.6 123.9 127.0 128.3 127.1 128.2 127.3 128.0 127.2 111.4
93.9
107.5 105.4 103.8 105.5 106.2 105.7 108.9 110.8 110.3 112.0 111.1 110.5 108.5
Shipbuilding and repairing________
16.2
17.5
18.7
17.5
17.5
16.8
16.2
18.1
17.5
18.4
18.2
16.3
18.2
18.0
Boatbuilding and repairing................
57.6
54. 7 48.6
49.4
54.8
57.2
50.0
47.9
52.7
32.8
37.0
41.8
44.5
46.0
Railroad equipment___ ____________
8.9
7.9
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.9
9.1
6.9
6.9
6.5
5.9
7.3
6.6
6.6
Other transportation equipment-------199.3
200.4
204.1
207.8
210.9
214.9
220.3
222.8
224.3
225.9
226.0
221.1
226.2
230.3
31.1
31.4
31.8
32.2
32.8
33.3
33.9
34.1
34.7
35.2
36.2
37.1
36.6
37.7
54.2
9.2
54.4
9.1
55.6
9.1
56.6
9.1
57.0
9.4
57.6
9.8
59.1
10.3
60.2
10.2
61.2
10.2
61.9
10.2
61.9
10.1
61.8
10.2
62.1
10.3
61.1
10.6
27.2
18.2
38.3
21.1
27.2
18.2
38.8
21.3
27.2
18.4
39.8
22.2
27.5
18.8
40.4
23.2
27.8
18.8
41.4
23.7
28.2
19.3
42.2
24.5
28.8
19.6
42.5
26.1
29.0
20.4
42.8
26.1
28.6
20.3
42.7
26.6
28.4
19.8
44.0
26.4
28.2
19.6
44.2
25.8
28.5
19.0
44.0
20.5
28.9
19.6
43.7
25.0
28.5
20.3
44.1
28.0
356.2
33.4
12.9
71.1
23.5
44.6
60.9
109.8
348.1
32.8
13.0
67.5
23.1
42.3
59.9
109.5
350.6
33.4
13.3
64.7
23.3
43.2
61.8
110.9
354.4
34.3
13.4
61.2
23.1
46.4
64.5
111.5
355.0
34.8
14.2
59.1
22.6
47.4
65.5
111.4
351.1
34.9
14.7
54.8
22.9
46.5
66.6
110.7
372.0
36.4
15.4
63.3
23.9
48.0
68.8
116.2
400.0
37.4
16.0
80.4
24.4
49.0
71.3
121.5
411.7
37.9
15.9
87.3
24.8
49.9
72.6
123.3
413.3
37.5
15.8
88.2
25.0
52.0
72.9
121.9
400.4
35.9
15.2
84.4
25.0
51.5
70.6
117.8
373.8
33.6
14.3
7.36
23.9
46.6
68.0
113.8
390.6
36.3
15.3
75.6
24.0
49.2
71.6
118.6
405.1
39.9
15.7
79.6
23.8
52.3
70.2
123.6
Food and kindred products..--------------- 1,099.2 1,039.3
244.6
Meat pro d u cts__-________________
73.1
Dairy products____________________
174.9
Canning and preserving____________
(Train-mill products________________
81.3
167.1
Bakery products___________________
21.4
Sugar _________________________
Confectionery and related products___
58.3
119.5
Beverages.-. _____________________
99.1
Miscellaneous food products..................
977.5
238.6
69.8
141.1
78.4
164.2
22.1
56.7
111.8
94.8
948.5
230.8
65.8
136.7
77.7
162.8
20.4
57.2
105.6
91.5
941.7
233.4
64.3
124.4
78.2
163.2
19.7
60.3
107.8
90.4
951.0
238.5
62.6
128.3
78.3
164.5
21.1
61.8
105.2
90.7
969.0 1,027.3 1,067.9 1,140.4 1, 218.9 1,194.2 1,118.2 1,065.7 1,104.0
247.9 258.8 264.8 263.4 262.0 258.3 280.2 259.2 268.8
77.5
69.6
72.1
75.6
64.9
67.1
70.3
63.8
62.9
129.9 149.1 167.4 236.4 323.1 301.4 227.8 187.7 201.5
83.5
79.5
78.3
78.7
81.3
82.3
82.0
77.9
78.0
164.9 168.4 170.3 171.5 171.7 172.4 172.8 169.9 172.0
26.4
23.2
22.4
24.2
26.1
41.9
37.1
37.3
27.6
64.3
56.2
63.5
63.0
68.2
69.7
69.6
67.7
62.2
105.9 112.6 116.1 118.1 120.8 121.3 125. 9 116.1 119.7
94.1
95.7
97.0
97.1
94.1
95.9
96.8
91.1
89.8
70.1
31.4
27.1
5.4
6.2
69.8
31.1
27.0
5.4
6.3
70.1
30.9
27.0
5.4
6.8
74.2
30.7
28.0
5.4
10.1
79.2
31.0
28.8
5.3
14.1
Instruments and related products--------Laboratory, scientific and engineering
instruments
__________
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments _____________________
Optical instruments and lenses_______
Surgical, medical, and dental instruments
Ophthalmic goods
_____________
Photographic apparatus____________
Watches and clocks________________
196.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries— 348.7
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
Musical instruments and parts_______
Toys and sporting goods __________
Pens, pencils other office supplies____
(Tostume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastics products ________
Other manufacturing in d u stries.____
N o n d u r a b l e go od s
Tobacco manufactures_________ _____
C igarettes_______________________
Cigars _________________________
Tobacco and snuff _ ______________
Tobacco stemming and redrying...........
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
67.7
83.9
31.2
28.9
5.4
18.4
88.6
31.2
30.3
5.4
21.7
87.7
31.2
30.9
5.4
20.2
96.6
30.6
31.1
5.5
29.4
101.5
31.2
30.6
5.5
34.2
92.7
31.1
30.3
5.5
25.8
71.5
29.6
28.4
5.3
8.2
84.4
30.2
30.9
5.5
17.8
89.5
30.7
32.8
5.9
20.1
1046
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
T able A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958
Industry
July 2 June2 May
Apr.
Annual
average
1957
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
854.7
4.5
100.8
381.1
23.8
177.8
74.7
38.2
9.5
44.3
860.9
4.3
101.9
384.4
23.9
176.5
74.8
39.1
9.5
46.5
884.8
4.2
104.5
390.9
24.6
186.2
76. C
40.1
9.6
48.7
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
912.9
5.0
107.2
401.5
25.4
194.3
77.1
42.5
9.4
50.5
965.9
6.1
113.7
429.7
26.2
201.2
80.1
45.7
10.8
52.4
Manufac luring—C on tinued
Nondurable
poods—Continued
Textile-mill products________ ________
Scouring and combing plants...... ..........
Yarn and thread mills...... .....................
Broad-woven fabric mills.......................
Narrow fabrics and smallwares_______
Knitting mills........................... ............
Dyeing and finishing textiles________
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____
Miscellaneous textile goods.................__
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts___ ________________________
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing................................ ................
Women’s outerwear________________
Women’s, children’s undergarments....
Millinery_________________________
Children’s outerwear_______________
Fur goods________________________
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
Other fabricated textile products_____
839.9
4.9
98.5
366.7
23.3
188.6
72.4
34.2
9.3
42.0
830.5
4.4
97.5
365.5
22.9
183.0
72.5
34.1
9.2
41.4
837.2
4.4
98.3
371.6
23.2
179.8
73.6
36.1
8.6
41.6
980.0
992.5
95.7
984.7
93.3
986.7 1,017. 7 1, 050.6 1,036.8 1, 054. 6 1,065. 7 1,071.1 1,081.0 1,081.6 1,022.8 1,064.5 1,079.8
89.3
97.2
98.7
98.5 100.4
99.3 102.7 105.6 105.5 101.6 105.3 110.9
283.1
281.3
97.8
11.7
66.2
8.4
49.4
98.9
277.0
292.1
97.7
10.1
62.0
7.9
47.8
96.8
275.6
296.4
101.3
12.7
59.4
6.5
48.0
97.5
284.3
295.7
103.3
18.0
63.3
7.2
49.9
98.8
285.7
318.7
103.7
19.3
66.6
7.5
50.1
100.3
279.6
313.4
103.6
15.7
65.7
7.6
50.5
102.2
285.3
315.1
105.7
14.6
64.0
8.2
53.1
108.2
290.4 294.2
312.2 305.1
108.3 108.7
13.7
16.7
65. S 66.7
8.9
8.7
54.5
54.9
112.7 113.2
296.7
313.3
108.6
17.8
67.3
8.9
54.7
108.1
293.7
318.7
106.4
17.8
67.9
8.0
54.1
109.5
284.8
290.4
100.4
14.2
66.8
8.3
51.8
104.5
288.9
312.0
106.8
16.3
65.7
7.8
53.2
108.5
291J5
314.0
108.4
16.5
66.0
8.4
56.3
107.8
426.4
433.9
218.8
117.5
97.6
431.7
218.5
116.1
97.1
434.2
220.1
115.6
98.5
435.7
220.0
116.7
99.0
438.4
221.0
117.7
99.7
444.8
223.6
120.8
100.4
454.8
226.5
126.0
102.3
458.1
227.3
128.4
102.4
460.5
227.0
128.4
105.1
459.6
227.2
127.2
105.2
456.6
228.0
124.5
104.1
451.1
225.7
122.1
103.3
458.8
229.1
125.2
104.5
463.4
230.4
127.2
105.8
534.6
540.8
157.7
24.7
33.4
176.3
49.3
14.0
34.7
540.4
157.4
25.6
33.3
175.7
49.6
13.2
34.2
544.7
155.9
25.8
33.7
178.1
49.6
12.8
34.8
547.0
156.2
25.9
34.3
178.9
49.8
12.3
35.2
545.8
155.9
25.8
34.6
178.5
49.5
12.4
34.8
549.2
156.4
26.0
34.7
180.7
49.4
12.3
35.3
556.6
158.9
25.7
34.8
183.9
51.3
13.1
35.7
559.1
158.5
25.9
34.9
182.6
51.6
15.7
36.2
560.6
157.5
26.1
35.0
183.5
51.8
15.7
37.7
557.0
156.9
25.6
35.1
182.4
51.1
14.9
38.0
547.1
153.5
24.4
34.6
180.7
50.6
14.1
36.8
546.4
154.2
24.4
34.8
180.4
50.2
13.9
36.4
553.2
156.1
25.6
35.2
181.3
50.7
13.8
37.0
549.6
155.1
27.8
33.4
179.6
48.5
14.1
37.2
50.7
51.4
54.0
54.4
54.3
54.4
53.2
53.7
53.3
53.0
52.4
52.1
53.5
53.9
500.0
502.1
67.0
188.8
57.4
510.0
67.3
187.7
57.6
519.3
68.5
190.1
58.1
519.0
69.2
192.3
58.3
518.5
69.5
195.7
58.0
525.3
70.5
199.7
58.6
532.8
71.0
202.8
59.7
537.3
71.5
203.9
59.6
542.0
72.7
203.9
58.8
541.8
72.8
207.1
58.2
537.8
73.0
207.2
58.0
536.9
72.8
209.6
57.7
545.1
73.0
210.3
57.9
553.3
75.0
217.0
57.2
29.7
43.3
6.2
24.0
23.3
62.4
29.0
42.4
6.6
33.1
23.5
62.8
29.1
42.5
6.5
36.7
24.6
63.2
29.6
43.0
6.5
31.5
25.5
63.1
29.7
43.1
6.5
26.1
26.4
63.5
29.8
43.7
6.6
25.0
28.1
63.3
30.1
44.1
6.6
23.5
29.9
65.1
30.8
44.2
6.6
23.7
31.1
65.9
31.2
45.3
7.2
25.1
31.2
66.6
31.5
46.3
7.3
24.4
28.4
65.8
31.2
46.8
7.5
22.3
25.8
66.0
30.7
47.3
7.4
21.7
24.8
64.9
30.7
45.9
7.2
26.7
28.1
65.3
30.3
47.0
7.1
27.3
28.6
63.8
157.5
122.3
156.7
122.4
156.4
122.7
158.7
123.3
161.0
124.7
163.1
125.4
165.6
125.9
167.2
126.6
169.3
128.2
169.5
128.9
169.4
128.7
168.0
128.1
172.2
131.0
__
Paper and allied products_____________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills___
Paperboard containers and boxes_____
Other paper and allied products______
Printing, publishing, and allied indus
tries____________________________
Newspapers_______________________
Periodicals________________________
Books____________________________
Commercial printing_______________
Lithographing_____________________
Greeting cards_____________________
Bookbinding and related industries___
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services_________________________
Chemicals and allied products.................
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals_________
Drugs and medicines_______________
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara
tions___________________________
Paints, pigments, and fillers..................
Gum and wood chemicals___________
Fertilizers........................ ......... ............
Vegetable and animal oils and fats____
Miscellaneous chemicals____________
831.7
—
844.2
4.4
99.1
376.9
23.7
177.2
73.4
37.6
9.1
42.8
894.8
4. C
104.6
390.6
24.8
194.3
77.0
40.2
9.4
49.9
907.2
4.5
106.0
395.7
25.4
197.9
77.4
41.5
9.1
49.7
913.1
5.0
107.1
398.1
25.6
199.1
77.6
41.6
8.7
50.3
912.2
5.2
105.3
399.4
25.3
199.5
77.1
41.3
9. C
50.1
895.9
5.1
104.2
395.1
24.7
193.1
75.3
40.6
9.1
48.7
Products of petroleum and coal________
Petroleum refining_________________
Coke, other petroleum and coal prod
ucts............... .......................................
159.1
158.2
122.0
36.2
35.2
34.3
33.7
35.4
36.3
37.7
39.7
40.6
41.1
40.6
40.7
39.9
41.2
Rubber products......................... ...............
Tires and inner tubes_______________
Rubber footwear............ .........................
Other rubber products______________
177.4
176.4
71.9
16.3
88.2
172.3
70.4
16.3
85.6
176.0
72.1
16.5
87.4
184.0
76.0
16.7
91.3
191.3
78.5
17.0
95.8
200.9
81.6
17.5
101.8
207.7
83.6
17.8
106.3
209.2
84.0
17.8
107.4
209.8
84.4
17.6
107.8
206.7
84.4
17.5
104.8
204.4
84.2
17.1
103.1
200.0
83.9
16.8
99.3
205.9
83.3
17.6
105.0
211.1
85.2
19.8
106.1
314.9
33.6
2.7
16.1
213.5
12.4
23.8
12.8
301.5
33.0
2.7
15.4
205.4
12.0
20.8
12.2
299.9
33.0
3.0
15.1
202.4
11.8
22.8
11.8
320.0
34.2
3.2
15.8
217.1
11.7
26.6
11.4
326.2
34.8
3.5
16.8
221.3
11.8
27.0
11.0
322.8
35.2
3.6
16.9
220.8
11.8
24.3
10.2
325.6
35.6
3.7
16.7
218.8
12.3
26.7
11.8
326.6
35.9
3.7
16.3
215.3
12.9
27.8
14.7
327.4
36.0
3.5
16.3
215.9
13.2
27.7
14.8
330.2
36.3
3.5
16.2
218.5
13.2
27.2
15.3
335.2
36.8
3.4
16.8
222.4
13.6
27.0
15.2
326.5
36.0
3.4
16.8
219.3
13.1
23.1
14.8
329.2
36.4
3.5
16.8
219.1
13.1
26.1
14.2
339.0
38.4
3.8
17.7
221.5
13.9
28.9
14.8
Leather and leather products...................
Leather: tanned, curried, and finishedindustrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings..
Footwear (except rubber)___________
Luggage....................................................
Handbags and small leather goods........
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
________
315.9
________
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
A-3.
1047
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
fin thousands]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Industry
Ju ly 2 Ju n e 2 May
Transportation and public utilities:
Other public utilities.................................
Gas and electric utilities.......................
Electric light and power utilities___
Gas utilities..........................................
Electric light and gas utilities com
bined________________________
Local utilities, not elsewhere ClassifiedWholesale and retail trade:
Wholesale trade.................. . . .................. .
Wholesalers, full-service and limitedfunction______________________
Automotive............... .........................
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
wines, and liquors............................
Electrical goods, machinery, hard
ware, and plumbing equipment......
Other full-service and limited-func
tion wholesalers....... .......................
Wholesale distributors, other___ ____
Eetail trade:
General merchandise stores____ _____
Department stores and general mail
order houses__________________
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores...........................
Grocery, meat, and vegetable mar
kets_________________ ________
Dairy-product stores and dealers____
Other food and liquor stores________
Automotive and accessories dealers___
Apparel and accessories stores________
Other retail trade (except eating and
drinking places)________________
Furniture and appliance stores_____
Drug stores_____________________
Apr.
Mar.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
540
519.7
224.8
138.4
534
513.8
222.4
136.3
534
513.4
222.5
136.0
634
513.7
222.8
135.7
534
514.1
223.5
135.7
535
515.0
224.0
136.2
538
517.4
225.5
136.7
539
518.3
225.9
136.9
538
517.9
225.6
136.6
545
524.2
229.4
137.7
551
530.0
231.7
139.1
551
529.9
231.4
139.2
540
519.0
226.0
136.4
535
513.8
219.6
133.4
156.5
20.7
155.1
20.5
154.9
20.4
155.2
20.3
154.9
20.0
154.8
20.0
155.2
20.2
155.5
20.4
155.7
20.5
157.1
20.8
159.2
21.2
159.3
21.2
156.6
20.7
160.8
21.2
2, 586
2,571
2, 592
2,617
2,633
2,662
2,721
2,722
2, 718
2,705
2,710
2,703
2,695
2,6613
1.511.7 1,499.1 1, 509. 5 1, 523.8 1,532.4 1, 551.4 1, 590. 8 1, 591.1 1,584. 7 1, 581.9 1,577. 6 1, 575.1 1, 572.2 1, 562.6
109.3 107.5 107.9 108.0 109.1 109.3 110.4 110.4 110.4 110.6 110.4 110.0 108.4 104.3
267.9
263.3
267.2
272.2
272.4
273.5
277.9
278.2
274.4
274.9
271.5
272.9
273.4
275.1
378.0
376.9
379.8
383.8
387.1
392.7
398.2
400.6
402.1
403.2
405.5
405.4
402.7
402.0
756.5 751.4 754.6 759.8 763.8 775.9 804.3 801.9 797.8 793.2 790.2 786.8 787.7 781.2
1, 074.5 1,072.3 1,082. 4 1,093.6 1,100.3 1,111.0 1,130.2 1,130. 5 1,133.2 1,123.1 1,131. 9 1,127.6 1,122.6 1,098.1
1,258.5 1,259.9 1,251.8 1,232.4 1,218.5 1,288.7 1,833.6 1,479. 5 1,371.9 1,340.7 1,270.3 1,265.8 1,356. 5 1,355. 3
802.3 803.5 794.5 787.5 785.7 837.8 1,186.9 968.0 887.4 861.5 823.7 821.0 875.9 876.4
456.2 456.4 457.3 444.9 432.8 450. 9 646.7 511.5 484.5 479.2 446.6 444.8 480.6 478.9
1, 483. 4 1, 479. 2 1,477.5 1, 484.0 1,490.3 1,488.6 1, 516.6 1, 500. 7 1,474.9 1,465.2 1,452.4 1,461.9 1,465.5 1,440.9
1,073.0 1,068. 8 1,067 5 1,078. 7 1,079. 8 1,080. 9 1, 088.3 1,077.8 1,054.0 1,036. 7 1,019.3 1,027. 6 1,038. 4 1,014. 5
205.9 201.6 198.7 196.8 197.2 197.7 200.3 201.0 203.0 209.5 215.8 216.9 206.7 205.1
204.5 208.8 211.3 208.5 213.3 210.0 228.0 221.9 217.9 219.0 217.3 217.4 220.4 221.3
669.6 669.5 670.0 680.4 690.3 704.8 736.4 724.4 718.3 718.8 722.5 723.4 719.3 727.1
540.5 536.3 533.8 526.1 505.2 534.4 670.1 578.4 560.3 549.2 508.2 617.2 556.6 565.5
2.051.8 2,025.2 2,020.2 2, 014. 5 2, 025. 2 2,061.3 2,174. 4 2,116.6 2,110.3 2,119.3 2,119.1 2,117. 7 2,094.6 2,104.5
350.8 350.4 349.9 351.7 354.5 354.7 376.0 364.4 360.9 356.6 356.5 357.4 361.2 363.8
333.5 330.4 328.9 327.3 327.2 339.7 367.7 343.2 343.7 338.2 339.3 341.9 337.7 327.5
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of the series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper
visory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, proc
essing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, ware
housing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Feb.
product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e. g., power
plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the
aforementioned production operations.
* Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1048
T able
A-4. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State 1
[In thousands]
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Annual average
1957
1958
State
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
1957
1956
742.1
743.1
736.9
741.0
739.5
737.2
743.8
741.5
720.5
718.8
728.1
719.1
719.0
Alabama_______ ________ 718.1
270.9
268.2
264.9
265.7
267.1
276.1
273.0
265.7
273.1
273.1
273.8
Arizona_________________ 276.3
276.6
275.7
332.0 330.2
334.1
338.3 339.6 334.5 333.1
326.9
322.4
323.7 333.3
333.6
326.8
326.2
Arkansas__________ ___
4,541.2
4,
541.
4
4,494.
7
4,511.0
4,
481. 0
4,
534.
9
4,
492.4
4,576.8
4,326.
5
4,359.9
4,
436.
8
4,379.
8
4,333.3
4,331.8
California_______________
475.4
479.2
479,4
476.3
467.8
465.1
454.4
441.9
446.5
468.3
469.7
445.9
Colorado________________ 463. 5 451.1
723.0
246.4
328.8
4,348.0
457.8
896.4
914.6
904.5
912.2
903.0
870.2
903.0
906.8
910.8
867.9
867.4
869.6
876.7
Connecticut------ -------------- 869.8
151.2
154.3
150. 8
145.2
151.1
152.4
153.8
143.4
149.9
149.6
142.6
142.5
143.7
Delaware------------------------ 146.9
505.9
509.5
493.9
506.6
505.7
506.0
508.5
509.7
494.2
492.2
511.1
495.7
District of Columbia— ---- 497.2
496.7
Florida________________ 1,118.0 1,127. 8 1,153.6 1,168. 2 1,182. 3 1,183. 9 1,189.6 1,148.6 1,122.3 1,110.7 1,097.0 1,092.8 1,106. 8 1,132.7
963.9
970.2
966.4
975.2
968.6
969.0
971.0
963.1
937.8
946.9
Georgia_________________ 938.7
928.8
936.1
939.7
909.8
153.8
501.0
1,045.6
968.6
150.0
151.2
154.9
153.5
145.8
144.8
146.6
155.6
142.5
139.3
136.2
135.3
138.1
Idaho----- ----------- -- --------- 148.2
Illinois__________________ 3, 296. 4 3,282. 6 3, 293.2 3,302.0 3,308. 5 3,362.1 3, 502.0 3,494.6 3,514.8 3,530. 4 3, 514. 2 3, 487.7 3,514.5 3, 497. 5
Indiana_______ ____ -........ - 1, 312. 6 1,304. 5 1,304. 5 1,307. 6 1,321.9 1,358.4 1, 413. 3 1,413.7 1,428. 7 1, 428. 5 1,423.1 1,415.9 1,421.3 1,415.1
641.4
639.6
614. 8 621.0
645.4
653.4
642.9
641.8
626.8
641.3
640.3
Iowa_______________ ____ 635. 6 630.9
617.1
558.2
554.2
550.8
529.2
558.3
541.3
528.5
534.8
551.3
550.0
562.7
559.3
Kansas_________________
540.6
536.3
144.3
3,498.8
1,420.2
649.6
552.3
643.0
642.0
610.2
614.1
627.2
650.0
647.1
643.5
Kentucky_______________ 615.0
614.6
654.6
641.7
646.7
610.7
793.2
789.1
795.0
Louisiana___ _ _______
770.3
804.8
801.8
799.7
805.8
802.3
758.7
762.0
765.5
767.8
772.7
288.2
M aine__________________ 271.6
252. 6 255. 2 259.5
262.1
273.0
274.0
278.4
289.0
286.8
276.2
258.8
282.8
884.0
886.3
878.6
878.2
876.0
841.9
832.1
880.2
M aryland____________ 857.9
848.9
838.7
841.7
887.1
880.8
Massachusetts___________ 1,784.4 1, 763.0 1,751. 8 1, 747.8 1,754.9 1,766.4 1, 855.7 1,827.7 1,841.9 1,852.0 1, 853.4 1,844.1 1,860. 8 1,840.2
636.3
757.6
279.2
863.0
1, 845.5
Michigan.-- - - - - - - ___ _ 2,073. 5 2,075. 2 2,085.6 2,128.2 2,170.6 2,250.4 2,385.9 2, 363.1 2,338.2 2,287.9 2,338.0 2, 334.0 2, 365. 6 2, 376. 0
918.3
933.9
912.6
Minnesota______________
897.5
889.2
874.1
864.9
868.8
880.6
951. 8 939.4
915.3
926.7
939.8
361.7
366. 7
Mississippi___ _________ 361.4
372.4
373.2
364.6
363.3
363.5
363. 5 362.0
358. 7 362.6
370.0
372.8
Missouri___ _ - _ ______ 1, 267. 4 1,255. 2 1,247.3 1,245. 5 1,244. 5 1, 262.0 1,298.2 1,296.6 1,298.0 1,302.2 1,294.2 1,293.0 1,296.6 1,290.9
174.8
176.8
176.9
167.3
M ontana___
~
______ 170.8
163.5
157.4
151.4
161.1
165.4
170.0
175.2
151.7
154.6
2,437.9
899.7
366.9
1,295.8
166.7
357.7
N eb rask a..,. ___________ 352.8
357.2
355.1
354.4
351.1
350.7
345.5
339.3
339.0
342.6
351.6
353.8
356.9
90.4
86.4
Nevada_________________
87.3
78.2
91.9
92.0
82.6
80.1
79.0
79.3
82.0
83.5
86. 5
90.0
188.9
184.7
184.1
191.4
188.8
New Hampshire- ________ 184.6
178.7
174.8
175.8
177.1
177.8
183.3
188.8
186.5
New Jersey 2__ - ______ 1,872. 0 1,848.5 1,852. 5 1, 844.1 1,857.1 1, 876. 7 1, 934. 8 1,947. 6 1,957. 5 1,976.5 1,986.0 1,981.1 1,979. 5 1,958.6
212.0
208.7
217.4
211.6
New Mexico.. ____ - -218.7
212.7
210.0
210.0
211.2
213.7
212.7
213.1
215.7
213.8
356.2
85.2
183.6
1,930. 4
196.0
New York______________ 5,991.1 5,964. 7 5,960.9 5,963.8 5,970.0 6,024. 5 6,276.7 6,252.9 6,256.3 6,269.2 6,237.8 6,198. 2 6,222.8 6,193.8
North Carolina__________ 1, 063. 5 1,061. 6 1,060.3 1, 063. 7 1,064. 6 1,074.4 1,105.0 1,101.1 1,108. 5 1,114.3 1,097.8 1,078. 5 1,082.0 1,090.3
119.2
124.2
122.1
North D akota2_____ ____
119.6
118.1
114.8
111. 5
112.6
121.2
126.1
123.8
110.8
118.8
124.3
O hio... _ ___________ _ 2,909. 6 2, 887. 2 2,897.2 2,916. 6 2,943. 2 3,009. 5 3,151.8 3,148.1 3,175.7 3,185.3 3,169. 3 3,162.9 3,182.1 3,162.8
Oklahoma_______________ 559.9
555.2
553.4
578.9
576.7
576.8
573.0
555.0
556.0
580.3
575.9
576.2
579.2
565.5
6,120.4
1,089.5
117.2
3,174.0
573.6
Oregon___
_ _ _______ 475.9
456.2
449.1
441.9
502.1
495.2
495.6
477.7
441.3
437.3
464.2
471.1
499.7
487.0
Pennsylvania2___________ 3, 605.8 3, 589. 7 3,583. 2 3,572.2 3,592.9 3,654.1 3,801.3 3, 778. 9 3, 810.1 3, 831.0 3,824. 2 3,809. 9 3, 855.0 3,806. 9
Rhode Island____________ 271.1
267.2
283.4
285.2
284.0
266.8
266.6
268.1
269.4
282.4
281.1
283.2
286.6
285.1
South Carolina___ _ ___ 523. 8 524.9
524.9
528.8
541. 6 534.9
539.2
532.5
532.8
536.7
526. 6 524.7
535.9
536.7
South Dakota 2__________
131.4
133.1
131.1
127.7
124.9
123.8
124.5
128.0
130.1
131.4
130.8
131.0
133.0
127.8
489.0
3,782. 7
294.7
535.2
129.2
Tennessee 2______________ 837.0
830.0
829.1
860.9
829.7
824.8
862.8
858.9
864.2
866.2
856.8
862.4
860.0
835.8
Texas_____ . . . ____ . . .
2,455. 2 2,438. 9 2,435.1 2, 430.3 2,432.0 2,445. 5 2, 516. 0 2,479. 7 2,487.0 2,494.0 2,489.1 2,486. 8 2,482.6 2,472. 2
U tah__ _____
_____
232. 5 229.3
234.0
227. 8 225.9
228 7 240 2 241. 6 246. 2 250.2
244.8
243. 5 239.1
238. 8
Vermont.. ______________ 101.7
99.5
101.4
104.0
97.8
97.0
97.0
97.4
109.9
105.6
10 1. í
103.6
105.1
108.8
Virginia_______________ _ 988.7
984.9
980.6
995.0
977.3
975.8
984.0 1,015.0 1,008. 7 1,010.9 1,010.8 1,001.4
995.8
999.8
861.4
2, 412.2
233.9
104.8
970.5
Washington____ _________ 787.3
766.2
753.2
759.5
748.5
751.6
816.4
811.2
790.8
781.5
788.8
800.0
822.6
816.6
West Virginia____________ 461.4
460.6
462.2
469.2
483.2
504.9
467.6
505.7
509.7
512.4
515.2
511.3
504.9
507.5
Wisconsin 2_— ....... -........... 1,123. 4 1,108.0 1,095.5 1,093.3 1,095. 8 1,113.0 1,153.9 1,150.8 1,158. 8 1,177. 7 1,176.0 1,175.2 1,158. 5 1,154.0
Wyoming 2______________
83.4
80.9
90.5
78.6
78.8
84.0
96.9
93.2
87.6
80.7
87.0
89.3
92.3
95.9
773.2
496.1
1,144.6
87.8
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or to the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make avail
able more detailed industry data. See table A-5 for addresses of cooperating
State agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 Revised series; not comparable with data previously published.
1049
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
A-5. Employees in manufacturing, by State 1
[In thousands]
1958
State
June
Alabama____ ______ _____ 226.1
Arizona____ ______ ____
39.5
86.5
Arkansas________________
California.......... ................. 1,158. 2
Colorado___ ___________
70.8
Connecticut ___________ 379.6
Delaware________________
56.3
District of Columhia______
16.7
Florida_________________
157.4
Georgia_________________ 302.4
Idaho_____________ . . . ..
25.3
Illinois__________________ 1,093.9
Indiana____ ____________
522.0
Iowa___________________
159.4
Kansas_________________
116.2
Kentucky_____ __________ 153.0
Louisiana_______________
137.0
102.1
M aine__________________
M aryland__ . _________ 251.4
Massachusetts. _________
631.0
Michigan_________ ______ 790.7
Minnesota______________
204.5
Mississippi- . . . _________ 106.3
Missouri________________
365.3
M ontana. ______________
20.6
Nebraska_______________
56.2
Nevada_____ ___________
4.6
New Hampshire_________
79.0
New Jersey 2_____________ 735.8
22.5
New M exico................ ........
New York. _____________ 1,711.0
North Carolina__________
443.3
6.7
North Dakota___________
Ohio___ _______________ 1,127. 8
Oklahoma...... ............. ..........
80.8
___________
138.4
Oregon___
Pennsylvania2___________ 1, 348. 5
Rhode Island_________. . .
106.8
South Carolina ________ _ 217.2
South Dakota 2__________
12.5
Tennessee 2._ ___________ 281.7
456. 6
Texas______ ____________
U tah___________________
34.5
Vermont______________ .
32.6
Virginia__________ ... . . _ ..247.1
Washington________ _ . . . 217.8
West Virginia....................... 116.0
Wisconsin 2________ _ __
413. 5
Wvoming____ _______ -,
6.3
May
Apr.
224.6
39.4
83.5
1,142. 4
67.8
380.7
55.6
16.8
159.1
292.2
23.1
1, 088. 9
516.4
156.7
116.3
151.3
138.0
94.2
248.5
625.6
796.4
205.3
105.1
359.6
19.3
55.3
4.6
77.6
727.8
22.3
1, 705. 8
441.2
6.5
1,115.4
79.2
126.8
1, 346. 5
104.5
217.2
12.0
278.9
454.7
33.5
32.4
245.4
208.5
114.2
409.4
5.9
225.1
38.9
83.2
1,135. 9
67.0
385.6
55.5
16.8
158.2
302.4
21.7
1,109.0
519.2
154.9
116.6
149.8
138.5
92.5
246.9
630.9
813.1
202.8
106.1
360.4
18.4
54.3
4.5
76.4
734.5
21.9
1, 728. 2
442.1
6.5
1,135. 7
79.1
122.1
1, 355. 0
105.1
218.9
11.7
279.2
458.9
33.3
32.6
245.5
205.0
115.7
410.2
5.7
Mar.
1957
Feb.'
227.1
228.5
38.4
38.0
84.5
83.2
1,137.8 1,140.1
67.6
67.6
393.0
397.1
57.0
57.8
16.8
16.6
162. 9
168.7
307 7 309.9
20.9
21.4
1,132. 2 1,152. 2
526. 5 541.8
155.2
155.4
118.8
120.8
156.4
161.5
138.4
139.9
96.3
100.1
250. 0 250.0
642.9
653.9
857.6
898.5
204.2
206.2
105.4
104.1
369.9
372.3
18.1
18.3
54.3
54.8
4.4
4.5
80.2
78.8
741.4
761.2
21.6
21.5
1, 775.4 1, 803. 3
447.7
452.7
6.3
6.3
1,170. 0 1, 204. 6
80.5
82.8
117.4
116.3
1, 365. 0 1, 397. 2
107.8
109.5
220.2
221.0
11.6
11.7
281.1
281.9
463.4
468.0
33.1
33.6
32.6
32.8
248.6
250.2
203.0
201.5
117.0
118.5
420.0 ' 423.4
5.9
6.0
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
1957
1956
234.5
38.2
83.5
1,149. 6
71.7
402.9
59.6
16. 5
170.2
314.5
22.4
1,173.9
565.2
157.8
122.1
164.6
141.0
101. 6
252.5
658.7
953.9
207.9
104.1
374.1
19.1
56.1
4.5
80.5
772.4
21.3
1,814. 4
458.7
6.4
1, 243. 5
84.0
117.5
1,423. 9
110.1
222.7
11.6
285.4
471.7
34.6
32.7
254.6
202.4
121.7
432.8
6.4
238.3
38.8
84.0
1,180. 2
73.0
412.3
60.6
16.9
171.2
321.2
24.1
1, 205. 7
584.7
160. 5
124.5
173.6
147.5
103. 8
259.7
674.6
1, 006. 2
214.4
105.3
379.4
19.9
58.3
4.6
82.3
786.0
21.3
1,870. 4
466.9
6.5
1,285.3
85.8
123.2
1, 459. 2
113.5
226.1
11.9
290.2
473. 5
36.2
33.7
259.3
206.8
125.1
439.2
6.7
240.0
39.9
85.6
1, 207. 4
74.7
416.4
60.7
16.8
166.1
323.7
24.8
1, 235.9
595.4
162. 5
125.6
166.4
151.2
105.8
265.2
679.4
1, 008.1
218.2
106.1
384.4
21.1
59.5
4.9
82.5
800.5
21.1
1,918.7
471.1
6.6
1,307. 6
87.0
131.1
1,484. 7
115.4
225.7
12.5
294.2
479. 7
37.9
33.9
262.9
214.2
130.5
444.6
7.1
244.0
40.1
88.2
1, 254. 7
75.7
422.4
61.4
16.8
159.4
323.3
27.3
1,255.3
607.5
165.6
128.6
167.4
149.6
108.0
270.2
687.6
982.0
223.6
107.6
385.3
22.0
60.2
5.0
82.7
804.7
21.3
1, 943.4
480.1
6.6
1,327.0
86.8
140.4
1, 499. 5
118.9
227.2
12.4
298.2
481. 5
39.5
35.2
265.7
230.3
132.7
449.4
7.4
245. 5
39.9
88.7
1,290. 8
75.0
428.2
61.9
16.8
156.4
326.9
28.1
1,266. 5
608.2
167.0
131.0
170.5
151.0
110.6
274.0
690.8
929.3
236.6
108. 3
391.0
21.9
59.2
5.3
83.4
820.8
21.2
1,965.2
484.0
6.6
1,331. 2
87.1
146.5
1,515.0
121.0
229.6
12.2
299.6
485.9
40.8
36.0
264.1
238.0
133.9
465.5
7.0
247.9
40.0
88.2
1, 303. 8
73.4
415.1
63.0
16.7
154.4
327.0
28.8
1,263.0
610.5
167.7
132.2
172.4
148.1
113.2
274.8
686.3
992.9
233.5
107.2
391.4
22.2
59.3
5.4
83.8
822.1
21.4
1,942. 9
474.8
6.7
1,328. 3
86.5
151.5
1,518.7
119.5
230.2
12.4
299.6
489.0
38.0
36.8
261.2
237.1
133.2
465.0
7.3
243.5
41.0
86.9
1,259.4
73.2
421.1
61.5
16.7
153.3
324.0
27.4
1,245. 5
605.1
165. 7
131.0
169.5
146.6
111.8
272.1
677.3
988.3
232.4
106.6
391.8
22.3
58.7
5.6
82.1
813.9
20.7
1, 888.1
456.1
6.8
1,324.6
86.2
148.3
1, 504.2
115.9
226.2
12.4
294.0
488.8
38.8
36.1
256. 5
238.6
128.6
466.0
7.1
245.5
40.8
87.7
1, 246.8
69.7
432.4
62.2
16.5
158.0
323.8
26.0
1,259.6
608.4
166.0
129.2
170.6
147.8
113. 4
275.3
695.5
1, 007. 4
222.7
105.6
392.1
21.7
58.5
5.6
83.9
823.1
21.3
1, 906. 9
458.5
6.6
1,338. 9
86.2
148.9
1, 522.3
118.6
226.7
12.2
296.5
487.8
35.3
36.5
258.2
235.2
131.9
451.5
6.5
243.7
39.5
86.5
1,240. 7
71.8
427.3
61.1
16.6
161.3
326.1
25.2
1,259. 5
607.2
165.8
128.3
170.2
147.1
107.5
272.0
692.1
1,025. 5
223.2
106.1
389.0
20.8
58.0
5.3
83.2
816.7
20.8
1, 922.2
467.0
6.5
1, 339. 9
86.9
136.3
1, 509. 4
118.7
228.5
12.0
296.8
483.8
36.5
36.4
259.5
221.4
130.3
454.7
6.7
241.2
35.9
90.3
1,202. 6
70.7
435.2
60.1
16.1
148.4
334.8
27.0
1,291.2
614.2
169.2
124.2
172.6
149.9
110.1
269.9
710.6
1,081.0
220.0
106.8
389.0
21.2
58.2
5.8
83.1
823.2
20.0
1, 943.3
470.6
6.5
1, 370.4
90.7
144.9
1, 505.7
127.8
231.9
12.0
300.6
471.9
35.2
38.6
258.2
208.0
130.7
463. 5
6.7
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or to the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make avail
able more detailed industry data.
Cooperating State Agencies
ALABAMA—Department of Industrial Relations, Montgomery 4.
ARIZONA—Unemployment Compensation Division, Employment Se
curity Commission, Phoenix.
ARKANSAS—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor,
Little Rock.
CALIFORNIA—Division of Labor Statistics and Research, Department of
Industrial Relations, San Francisco 1.
COLORADO—U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Denver 2.
CO N N EC TICU T—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor.,
Hartford 15.
D ELAW ARE—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Wilmington
99.
D IST R IC T OF COLUM BIA—U. S. Employment Service for D. C.,
Washington 25.
FLORID A—Industrial Commission, Tallahassee.
GEORGIA—Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Atlanta
3.
IDAHO—Employment Security Agency, Boise.
ILLIN O IS—Division of Unemployment Compensation and State Employ
ment Service, Department of Labor, Chicago 6.
INDIA NA—Employment Security Division, Indianapolis 25.
IOWA—Employment Security Commission, Des Moines 8.
KANSAS—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Topeka.
K E N TU C K Y —Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Economic
Security, Frankfort.
LOUISIANA—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Baton Rouge 4.
M A IN E—Employment Security Commission, Augusta.
M ARYLAND—Department of Employment Security, Baltimore 1.
M ASSACHUSETTS—Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and In
dustries, Boston 8.
M ICH IG A N —Employment Security Commission, Detroit 2.
M INNESOTA—Department of Employment Security, St. Paul 1.
M ISSISSIPPI—Employment Security Commission, Jackson.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual average
Jan.
2 Revised series; not comparable with date previously published.
M ISSOURI—Division of Employment Security, Jefferson City.
MONTANA—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena.
NEBRASKA—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Lincoln 1.
NEVADA—Employment Security Department, Carson City.
NEW H A M PSH IR E—Department of Employment Security, Concord.
NEW JER SEY —Bureau of Statistics and Records, Department of Labor
and Industry, Trenton 25.
NEW M EXICO—Employment Security Commission, Albuquerque.
NEW YORK—Bureau of Research and Statistics, Division of Employment,
State Department of Labor, 500 Eighth Avenue, New York 18.
NORTH CAROLINA—Division of Statistics, Department of Labor,
Raleigh.
N ORTH DAKOTA—Unemployment Compensation Division, Workmen’s
Compensation Bureau, Bismarck.
OHIO—Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Unemployment Com
pensation, Columbus 16.
OKLAHOMA—Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma City 2.
OREGON—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Salem.
PENNSYLVANIA—Bureau of Employment Security, Department of
Labor and Industry, Harrisburg.
RHODE ISLAND—Division of Statistics and Census, Department of
Labor, Providence 3.
SOUTH CAROLINA—Employment Security Commission, Columbia 1.
SOUTH DAKOTA—Employment Security Departmett, Aberdeen.
T E N N E SSE E —Department of Employment Security, Nashville 3.
TEXAS—Employment Commission, Austin 19.
UTAH—Department of Employment Security, Industrial Commission,
Salt Lake City 10.
V ERM O N T—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Montpelier.
VIRGINIA—Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and
Industry, Richmond 14.
W ASHINGTON—Employment Security Department, Olympia.
WEST VIRGINIA—Department of Employment Security, Charleston 5.
WISCONSIN—Statistical Department, Industrial Commission, Madison 3.
W YOM ING—Employment Security Commission, Casper.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1050
T able A-6.
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of unemployment com
pensation for Federal employees,1 by geographic division and State
[In thousands]
1957
19S8
Annual average
Geographic division and State
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov,
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
Continental United States__________ 2,667.3 2,984.0 3,302.3 3,275.5 3,163.1 2, 877.0 2,111.7 1,513.1 1, 236.9 1,166.7 1,160. 7 1, 284. 6 1,251.2
98.2 110.1
98.3
204.8 238.6 263.3 251.9 240.2 235.7 182.8 128.7 104.6 95.0
New England__________ _________
22.2
18.5
14.1
8.8
7.7
7.8
7.6
21.8
10.3
24.7
18.7
25.1
30.0
Maine
_
..................... .............
4.9
5.4
10.6
8.2
5.7
5.1
5.3
12.5
10.5
4.9
15.3
10.1
12.5
New Hampshire................... ...........
5.4
3.6
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.1
6.9
6.5
2.6
5.9
4.6
6.8
3.7
Vermont______________________
47.6
45.9
53.4
92.0
63.0
50.2
50.9
91.2 106.6 121.7 119.7 113.9 112.1
M assachusetts............................ .
17.2
20.4
14.5
11.0
13.8
14.3
27.0
12.2
27.2
27.0
23.5
26.9
20.0
Rhode Island__________________
20.4
38.4
24.2
57.2
27.9
24.0
18.8
61.1
60.0
23.7
63.5
61.0
66.2
Connecticut________ __________
1957
1956
1,465.8
121.9
11.0
6.0
2.8
61.4
16.5
24.2
1,225.2
86.7
8.2
6.4
1.8
41.7
12.0
16.5
Middle Atlantic................................. .
New York.........................................
New Jersey____________________
Pennsylvania......... ........ ........... ......
780.2
358.2
118.9
303.1
831.6
374.6
136.3
320.7
885.1
391.4
150.3
343.5
865.8
381.2
149.4
335.2
831.8
364.5
145.5
321.8
794.3
348.2
141.8
304.3
605.4
272.2
107.3
225.9
423.7
184.2
75.6
163.9
358.9
147.8
69.4
141.8
326.7
132.4
63.0
131.2
343.7
140.7
66.7
136.3
405.2
183.1
77.1
145.1
390.3
183.8
71.2
135.3
427.6
189.3
80.5
157.9
370.8
165.4
67.6
137.8
East North C e n tral_______________
Ohio. ..............................................
Indiana_______________________
Illinois________________________
Michigan_________. . . ________
Wisconsin____ _______ _____
692.5
186.5
68.5
156.9
241.7
38.9
771.0
211.3
80.7
169.8
265.5
43.7
838.3
223.1
89.8
176.8
296.4
52.1
800.7
212.3
88.3
176.3
267.2
56.5
742.4
202.0
87.9
168.0
231.3
53.2
631.6
166.4
76.4
151.7
188.7
48.4
419.0
118.1
47.3
81.8
133.9
38.0
295.0
79.6
33.9
61.5
94.2
25.8
256.9
57.3
26.5
53.8
101.5
17.9
277.8
52.3
26.9
52.7
129.8
16.2
234.4
50.7
26.5
61.1
79.2
16.9
248.7
52.6
28.0
63.1
87.1
17.8
252.3
64.0
28.7
70.5
81.2
17.8
283.8
65.6
33.5
68.2
93.2
23.2
257.5
47.5
31.3
59.6
100.0
19.0
West North Central_______________
Minnesota. ___________________
Iowa _____ __________________
Missouri . . . ___. . . ___________
North D akota_________________
South Dakota______ . . ________
Nebraska_____________________
Kansas_______________________
104.6
31.4
9.4
47.4
1.2
.8
4.2
10.1
127.3
40.0
11.7
54.9
1.9
1.2
5.3
12.3
167.2
53.6
15.9
64.4
4.6
2.6
8.5
17.6
188.2
58.1
20.9
63.7
7.5
4.3
12.4
21.2
185.2
56.0
22.8
61.2
7.9
4.5
12.4
20.3
162.1
50.1
18.8
56.2
6.7
3.8
10.1
16.6
111.7
34.0
12.0
41.3
4.2
2.4
6.5
11.3
71.7
18.9
7.1
30.6
1.8
1.1
3.9
8.2
55.0
12.4
5.2
27.7
.5
.5
2.6
6.1
46.5
9.8
5.0
22.9
.3
.4
2.4
5.6
45.2
11.3
5.8
19.8
.4
.5
2.6
4.9
51.1
12.1
6.2
23.1
.4
.5
3.0
5.8
58.8
13.5
6.3
28.3
.5
.5
3.1
6.6
80.0
22.6
8.9
30.3
2.4
1.7
5.4
8.6
71.9
19.8
7.8
27.9
2.2
1.6
5.1
7.6
South Atlantic____________________
Delaware_____________________
Maryland ___ _______________
District of Columbia.. ________
Virginia__________ ______ _ . . .
West Virginia___ ______________
North Carolina_______________ .
South Carolina________________
Georgia______________ _____ ___
Florida_________________ _____
285.0
5.3
39.7
7.2
27.3
47.6
55.9
20.0
46.3
35.7
310.8
6.2
42.9
7.8
29.3
52.7
63.5
22.5
50.5
35.2
326.2
6.9
46.5
8.9
31.6
52.1
68.5
23.8
52.5
35.4
313.7
6.5
47.3
10.0
33.2
47.8
66.5
22.5
47.9
32.1
306.1
6.4
47.2
10.3
33.8
44.6
66.7
23.0
46.0
27.9
283.5
5.4
41.9
8.6
28.1
36.8
64.3
26.2
45.8
26.4
196.8
3.8
29.1
6.5
17.4
23.7
44.6
18.1
33.8
19.7
147.1
2.7
19.4
5.2
11.9
16.2
33.4
14.4
25.8
18.0
136.7
2.7
16.1
4. 6
10.1
12.0
28.3
14.0
26.0
22.9
139.8
2.9
16.6
4.5
11.4
11.3
28.8
13.4
24.8
26.0
145.6
2.5
16.7
4.8
14.2
11.9
30.5
13.8
24.9
26.3
166.1
2.8
17.1
4.8
16.9
13.1
40.9
16. 7
29.8
24.1
148.8
2.4
15.5
4.4
15.9
12.1
40.7
14.8
26.8
16.3
154.7
3.1
17.7
5.3
13.7
14.1
39.3
15.2
27.5
18.7
123.3
2.1
12.2
4.4
11.3
11.0
31.3
13.0
21.9
16.0
East South Central_______ _________
Kentucky____________ ________
Tennessee_____________ ______
Alabama______________________
Mississippi___________ ________
165.0
54.1
52.7
37.9
20.3
188.1
61.3
59.6
44.2
23.0
200.5
66.1
64.0
46.1
24.2
196 3
63.6
65.1
45.9
24.7
200.1
57.4
68.8
47.3
26.6
177.0
47.5
65.5
40.9
23.1
134.3
37.1
46.1
32.5
18.6
107.6
29.3
37.2
27.1
13.9
91.8
27.2
31.6
22.5
10.5
87.6
26.1
31.9
19.8
9.9
90.6
28.9
32.7
17.7
11.2
102.7
30.8
38.6
19.7
13.7
101.8
31.9
37.3
18.9
13.7
110.9
33.1
40.2
22.6
15.0
98.5
30.1
36.1
20.8
11.5
West South Central___________ ____
Arkansas______________________
Louisiana_________________ ____
Oklahoma_____________________
Texas_________________________
133.6
18.8
26.8
20.0
68.0
153.8
24.2
29.5
23.9
76.1
165.0
27.5
29.8
27.6
80.1
158.8
26.4
28.4
28.2
75.9
147.1
27.8
27.5
25.8
66.0
126.6
25.5
23.8
21.0
56.2
94.1
18.6
15.5
15.5
44.6
73.0
13.2
11.8
12.9
35.1
54.7
8.7
8.7
9.6
27.7
50.3
8.5
8.6
9.0
24.1
53.4
9.8
9.4
9.7
24.5
58.5
11.0
11.8
9.8
25.9
62.5
11.4
12.3
11.4
27.4
72.1
14.8
13.2
12.7
31.4
57.9
11.6
12.4
10.5
23.5
M ountain............................................. .
M ontana___________________ ..
Idaho. _______________________
Wyoming_____________________
Colorado_____ ______ __________
New Mexico________ ___________
Arizona..___ ______ ___________
U tah ..___ _______ ______ _____
Nevada_______________ _______
41.1
5.9
3.0
2.0
6.8
4. f
9.1
6. C
3.6
51.7
7.8
4.1
2.6
9.4
5.7
10.2
7.4
4.5
72.5
12.0
6.9
3.9
13.5
7.5
12.7
10.2
6.0
86.5
16.6
10.1
4.4
15.5
7.6
13.4
11.7
6.8
90.2
17.9
12.6
4.3
16.0
7.3
12.4
12.4
7.3
77.1
15.0
12.4
3.7
11.7
6.1
10.5
10. £
6.8
55.7
10.4
9.6
2.4
8.2
4.7
8.4
6. £
5.2
38.1
6. £
6. C
1.4
5.6
3.6
6.4
4. 3
4.0
23.1
4. C
2.7
.7
3.2
2.4
5.1
2.2
2.7
18.3
2. £
1. £
.4
2.8
2. C
4.5
1.9
1.9
19.4
2.7
2.2
.5
3.2
2.4
4.5
2.2
1.6
19.8
2.7
2.1
.6
3.5
2.7
4.2
2.5
1.5
20.4
2. £
1. £
.£
3.7
2.7
4.0
2. i
1.5
34.5
6.3
5.2
1.7
5.1
3.5
5.5
4.5
2.8
26.5
3.7
3.9
1.4
3.6
2.7
4.5
3.9
2.8
Pacific........... ........ .......................... ........
Washington__________
Oregon________________________
California............ ...... .....................
260.5
25. 3
15. Í
220.0
311.0
35.1
20.7
255.2
384.1
47.6
31.1
305.4
413.7
59.2
39.8
314.6
420.0
68.1
45.2
306.6
389.1
72.1
48.7
268.2
311.9
61.8
40.7
209.4
228.1
46.1
29.3
152.7
155.2
31.2
20. i
103.2
124.7
23.9
15.6
85.3
120.1 122.3
20. C 16.4
11. £
11.2
88.2
94.7
118.0
13.3
9.1
95.7
180.3
33.3
22. £
124.1
132.2
28.1
16.2
87.8
1 Average of weekly data adjusted for split weeks in the month, Figures
m ay not add to exact column totals because of rounding.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security.
1051
A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
A-7.
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected operations 1
[All items except average benefit amounts are In thousands]
June
Employment service:
New applications for work...........
Nonfarm placements...................
Apr.
May
979
456
866
439
Feb.
Mar.
954
404
1956
1957
1958
Item
951
332
Jan.
999
312
Nov.
Dec.
1,101
355
810
360
819
406
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
813
540
713
561
June
July
672
536
738
533
832
528
June
799
558
State unemployment insurance pro
grams: 2
863
842
1,032
1,267
881
1,193
2,024
1,346
1,815
2,285
1,795
1,513
1,538
1,983
Initial claims 8___________ ____
Insured unem ploym ent4 (aver
1,178
1,285
1,251
1,167
1,151
2,112
1,237
1,513
3,302
3,163
2,877
3,276
2,667
2,984
age weekly volum e)............ .
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.1
3.6
3.0
2.8
6.9
5.1
7.6
7.9
7.9
6.3
Rate of insured unemployment *.
7.1
Weeks of unemployment com
4,503
4,883
4,686
4,095
4,497
4,814
4,693
7,211
10,793
10,780
12,457
10,879
12,020
13,055
pensated__________________
Average weekly benefit amount
$30.80 $30.80 $30.88 $30.53 $30. 48 $30.09 $29.75 $29. 44 $29.20 $28. 64 $27.87 $27.59 $27.44 $26. 79
for total unemployment........ .
Total benefits p a id ...................... $325,039 $363,550 $403,845 $370,248 $320,181 $313,012 $207,110 $136,627 $131, 832 $113,325 $121,333 $130,130 $123,540 $116,052
Unemployment compensation for
veterans:8
Initial claims 8...............................
Insured unemployment 4 (aver
age weekly volume)................. .
Weeks of unemployment com
pensated___ _______________
Total benefits paid f_...................
38
24
27
30
31
37
28
21
18
16
21
20
24
29
78
74
80
81
72
58
41
30
24
29
35
34
33
37
333
$8,853
334
$8,922
368
$9,833
345
$9, 285
279
$7,546
258
$6,924
170
$4,574
115
$3,104
112
$3,013
142
$3,793
165
$4,406
165
$4,539
138
$3,710
167
$4,452
Railroad unemployment insurance:
36
43
24
27
17
20
80
Applications 8. ..............................
Insured unemployment (average
135
106
146
149
140
128
101
weekly volume)_____ _____
309
227
319
284
252
307
338
Number of payments 9________
Average amount of benefit pay
$64.
22
$67.
52
$65.07
$67.86
ment 9. . ------------ ---------------- $66. 85 $67.27 $68.59
Total benefits paid 10................... $16,651 $20,574 $23,153 $21, 626 $19,093 $20,127 $14,498
34
22
16
18
54
33
18
83
142
56
119
47
92
46
113
52
94
36
86
19
50
$62.59
$8,852
$62.20
$7,332
$62.01
$5,689
$58.62
$6,660
$53. 50
$4, 960
$60.86
$5,109
$52.66
$2,571
1,623
1,314
1,240
1,228
1,368
1,319
1,234
All programs:11
ft Insured unem ploym ent4.............
2,847
3,186
3,527
3,505
3,375
4 Average weekly insured unemployment excludes territories; other items
include them.
8 Data include activities under the program of Unemployment Compensa
tion for Federal Employees (UCFE), which became effective on January 1,
1955.
8 Ân intial claim is a notice filed by a worker at the beginning of a period
of unemployment which establishes the starting date for any insured un
employment which may result if he is unemployed for 1 week or longer.
4 Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem
ployment.
5 The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed
expressed as a percent of the average covered employment in a 12-month
period.
8 Based on claims filed under the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act
of 1952. Excludes claims filed by veterans to supplement State, U CFE, or
railroad unemployment insurance benefits.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3,065
2,256
i Federal portion only of benefits paid jointly with other programs. Weekly
benefit amount for total unemployment is set by law at $26.
8 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning of
his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is required
for subsequent periods in the same year.
9 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods; the aver
age amount is an average for all compensable periods. Not adjusted for
recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
18 Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments.
11 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, U CFE, and veterans’ programs, and that covered by the Railroad
Unemployment Insurance Act.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security
for all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which are prepared
by the U. S. Railroad Retirement Board.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
B.
over
T able
B -l.
Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 1
[Per 100 employees]
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual
average
Total accessions
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
3.2
3.6
5. 2
4.4
4.4
2.8
3. 3
3.3
3.2
2.5
2.9
3.2
4.5
3.9
4.2
2.5
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.2
3.0
3.6
4.6
3.9
4.4
2.8
3.6
3. 1
2.8
2.4
2.9
3. 5
4.5
3.7
4.3
2.4
3.5
3.3
2.8
2.5
3.5
4.4
4.5
3.9
4. 1
2.7
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.0
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
19.53.
1954.
4.6
3.1
4. 1
4.0
3.8
4.3
2.9
3.6
3.3
5.0
4.1
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
2. 5
3.6
3.0
3.9
4.8
2.9
4.1
3.7
4.1
3.7
3.0
3.5
3.3
4.2
4.8
2.8
4.6
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.1
3.4
3.3
4. 1
5.2
3. 1
4.8
3.9
4.4
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.4
3.6
4.3
3.0
4.3
3.9
4.2
3. 1
3. 2
3.4
3.0
2 2. 8
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1.7
1.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.4
1.0
2.1
1.9
2. 2
1.0
1.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
2. 5
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.2
2.7
1.6
1.6
2.8
2.2
2.7
1.5
1.7
2. 5
2.2
2.6
1.4
1.8
2.4
2.2
2.5
1. 0
1.3
1.2
.7
1.3
1.4
1.3
.7
1.5
1.5
1.3
.7
1.5
1.6
1.4
.8
1.5
1.6
1.3
2.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
0.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
0.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
0.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
0.2
.2
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
0.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.1
0.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
2. 2
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
2.5
1.7
1.0
1.4
.9
2.8
1.5
1.7
1.5
3.8
2.3
1.7
.8
1.3
.8
2.2
2.8
1.4
.8
3.3
2.5
.9
1.0
.8
2.3
1.3
1.6
1.4
3.2
2.8
1.2
1.0
1.3
.9
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.5
3.0
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
0.1
.1
.7
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
0.1
.1
0.1
0.1
4.4
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.1
3.5
4.3
4.2
3.9
2 3. 6
3.5
4.7
4.2
4.4
4. 1
2.9
3.4
3.3
3.2
4.4
6.6
4.5
5.9
4.3
3.3
4.5
3.8
3.2
4.1
5.7
4.3
5.6
4.0
3.4
4.4
4.1
3.3
3.7
5.2
4.4
5.2
3.3
3.6
4. 1
4.2
2.9
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.2
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.1
2. 5
2.5
2.3
1.7
3.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.9
4.0
4.2
5.3
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.2
3.9
4.4
4.4
4.4
4. 1
4.3
4.7
4.2
4.5
3.3
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.5
4. 2
3.0
3. 1
3.3
4.0
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.4
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.8
4.3
3.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.6
1.8
2.9
3. 1
3.0
2.9
1.4
2.2
2.2
1.9
2.1
3.4
3. 1
3.5
3. 1
1.8
2.8
2.6
2.2
1.5
2.7
2.5
2.8
2. 1
1.2
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.0
1.4
1.3
.9
0.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.0
.7
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.3
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.4
0.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
0.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
1.8
.6
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.8
.7
1.3
.7
1.5
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.8
2.3
.8
1.4
.7
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.3
2.3
2.5
1.1
1.7
.7
2.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.7
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.0
2.5
1.7
1.4
1.4
2.7
2.4
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.2
1.5
1.7
0.1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.1
Total separations 3
195.5.
1956.
1957.
1958.
3.8
29
4.4
5.0
4.3
3.1
3.4
3.2
3.1
Quits
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.3
.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1. 1
1.1
.9
1. 1
Discharges
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.2
.2
Layoffs
1.1
1.8
1.4
2.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.9
1.1
1.6
1.5
2.4
1. 1
.9
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.1
2 1.6
2.1
.6
1.3
2.2
1. 1
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.3
Miscellaneous separations, including military
i IN
show
tries
( 1)
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.6
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
otal employment In manufacturing indusr rates are not comparable with the changes
ent series for the following reasons:
easure changes during the calendar month,
:ure changes from midmonth to midmonth;
dentical, as the printing and publishing
tries are excluded from turnover;
mderstated because small firms are not as
3 as in the employment sample; and
0.1
.1
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
0.1
.1
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.2
0.1
.2
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
0.1
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
(4) Reports from plants affected by work stoppages are excluded from the
turnover series, but the employment series reflect the influence of such
stoppages.
2 Preliminary.
3 Beginning with data for October 1952, components may not add to total
separation rates because of rounding.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1053
B.—LABOR TURNOVER
T able
B-2.
Labor turnover rates, by industry 1
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Industry
Total accessions
June
1958
Manufacturing
All manufacturing____________________________
Durable g o o d s................................................... .
Nondurable goods 2________________________
May
1958
Total
June
1958
Discharges
Quits
Miscellaneous,
including military
Layoffs
May
1958
June
1958
May
1958
June
1958
M ay
1958
June
1958
May
1958
June
1958
May
1958
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.1
2.3
3.6
3.9
3.0
0.8
.7
.9
0.8
.7
.9
0.2
.1
.2
0.1
.1
.2
1.6
1.9
1.1
2.4
2.8
1.8
0.2
.3
.2
0.2
.3
.2
2.0
6.4
10.5
6.2
2.3
5.4
11.2
5.0
2.6
3.4
5.5
3.2
3.2
3.3
4.2
3.2
0.8
1.5
2.7
1.3
0.6
1.5
1.8
1.6
0.2
.3
.2
.3
0.1
.3
.1
.3
1.5
1.5
2.5
1.3
2.3
1.4
2.1
1.2
0.1
.2
.1
.2
0.1
.1
.1
.1
4.8
3.6
3.5
3.9
3.9
4.6
2.4
4.3
2.4
3.3
3.6
2.9
2.9
3.3
2.6
2.4
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.9
3.5
2.0
5.0
1.6
2.9
3.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.8
3.0
2.0
2.5
2.7
2.1
2.0
5.2
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.1
3.0
2.8
4.0
4.3
3.2
4.0
5.9
1.3
2.9
5.1
3.4
2.7
4.1
3.8
2.9
4.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
.5
.5
.5
.3
.6
.6
.3
.2
.4
.5
.5
.3
1.2
1.0
1.1
.7
.6
.6
.4
.6
.7
.3
.2
.4
.5
.4
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(3)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(3)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.9
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.0
4.3
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.3
.4
2.4
1.2
2.7
2.9
2.2
3.0
5.0
.5
2.0
4.1
2.8
2.2
3.4
3.0
2.3
4.3
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.1
.3
.4
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
1.7
1.2
3.8
4.6
.3
.6
.1
.1
2.9
3.6
.5
.2
2.1
3.5
.8
4.0
2.0
2.6
2.2
37
.1
.5
.2
.4
(3)
.2
(3)
.1
1.6
1.6
1.7
3.0
.3
.3
.3
.1
4.9
2.7
5.1
4.5
.3
.3
.1
.1
4.5
3.8
.3
.3
4.3
2.8
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.0
2 7
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.9
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.4
3.1
.7
.6
.8
.7
.6
.6
.6
.7
.6
.6
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.7
1.0
.7
1.2
.9
2.7
1.7
1. 5
1.4
1.9
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.1
.4
2.8
1.8
2.2
1.0
2.0
2.2
4.4
6.7
.6
.4
.8
.5
.3
.3
.3
.3
.9
1.3
3.2
5.7
.2
.2
.1
.2
3.4
4.3
5.7
2.8
2.3
5.0
2.9
2.0
2.1
2.9
2.9
4.7
2.0
1.3
2.8
27
1.4
1.4
1.9
2.4
4.0
3.3
6.5
4.1
2.8
3.2
3.0
3.1
2.8
5.5
4.3
4.4
9.7
4.9
4.3
3.7
.7
.8
.6
.6
.3
.7
.5
.4
.3
.9
.6
.5
.5
.5
.7
.6
.4
.3
.3
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.7
1.3
3.0
2.4
6.0
3.1
2.0
2.5
2.3
1.8
1.8
4.3
3.4
3.7
8.6
3.9
3.5
3.0
.2
.1
.2
-2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.5
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
.3
1.6
2.3
.9
2.0
2.6
4.1
3.5
6.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
2.0
3.3
2.6
5.5
.2
.3
.3
.2
1.8
2.8
2.7
3.8
2.6
3.1
1.8
1.5
2.6
2. 1
2.2
2.2
2.2
3. 1
2. 1
4.8
2.6
2.9
3.3
3.4
1.5
4.4
3.9
3.4
.5
.7
.6
.8
.4
.8
.6
.6
.5
.6
.4
.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
1.3
2.0
1.3
3.5
1.8
1.8
2.4
2.4
.7
3.5
3.1
2.3
.3
.3
.1
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
2.9
2.9
1.3
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.4
2.9
.8
.8
.6
.8
.1
.2
.1
.2
1.5
1.6
2.4
1.7
.1
.2
.2
.2
6.7
3.5
3.2
2.9
1.4
1.0
.3
.2
1.4
1.5
.1
.2
.4
.6
2.8
2.9
.3
.4
.1
.1
2.2
2.2
.2
.2
3.2
4.7
(«)
3.0
2.9
2.2
(4)
4.7
3.0
3.6
3.7
2.3
2.1
2.9
.6
3.5
4.8
4.1
(4)
2.4
2.1
3.1
(4)
4.8
5.6
4.3
4.3
2.6
2.5
2.6
3.2
3.6
.7
.9
.7
.8
.5
.9
.9
.6
.8
.9
.2
.1
(4)
.1
.1
.1
(4)
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
3.7
2.6
(4)
1.2
1.0
2.2
(4)
3.2
4.5
3. 1
3.2
1.5
1.4
1.6
2.1
2.4
.2
.5
.2
.4
.6
.2
.1
.3
.1
.1
Durable Goods
Ordnance and accessories. ......... ...............................
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)____
Logging camps and contractors______________
Sawmills and planing mills .............. ...............
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural
wood products....................................... .............
Furniture and fixtures_________________________
Household furniture_______________________
Other furniture and fixtures_________________
Stone, clay, and glass products__________________
Glass and glass products____________________
Cement, hydraulic........ ........................................
Structural clay products____________________
Pottery and related products________________
Primary metal industries______________________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills .
Iron and steel foundries____________________
Gray-iron foundries_______________
Maileable-iron foundries________________
Steel foundries___________________
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals:
Primary smelting and refining of copper,
lead, and z i n c ..___ _________________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous
metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of copper___
Nonferrous foundries ______________
Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings. ________________
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)...... ..........
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware________ . .
Cutlery and edge tools.. ___ __
. _
H andtools____________________________
Hardware_____________________________
Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers’ supplies ________________
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies. ___
Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking
apparatus, not elsewhere classified__ ____
Fabricated structural metal products
______
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving _____
Machinery (except electrical)___________________
Engines and turbines______________________
Agricultural machinery and tractors__ _______
Construction and mining machinery________
Metalworking machinery__________
Machine tools ______ ________
Metalworking machinery (except machine
tools)_______________________________
Machine-tool accessories______________
Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery) _________________________
General industrial machinery___________ ___
Office and store machines and devices. ..
Service-industry and household machines_____
Miscellaneous machinery parts______________
Electrical machinery______ _____________
Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus_____________
Communication equipment_________________
Radios, phonographs, television sets, and
equ ip m en t_____________________
Telephone, telegraph, and related equipment ____________________
Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous
products. ______________________________
Transportation equipment__ ____________ _____
Motor vehicles and equipment______ ________
Aircraft and parts__ _________ ______ _
A ircraft____________ ___________
Aircraft engines and p a r t s __________ ____
Aircraft propellers and parts_____________
Other aircraft parts and equipment_______
See footnotes at end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
«
1.0
1.0
.6
(4)
1.2
J2
(4)
(4)
(3)
.1
.1
.2
1054
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
T able
B-2.
Labor turnover rates, by industry1—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Industry
Total accessions
Total
Quits
Discharges
Miscellaneous,
including military
Layoffs
June
1958
May
1958
June
1958
May
1958
June
1958
May
1958
June
1958
May
1958
June
1958
Transportation equipment—Continued:
Ship and boat building and repairing_________
Railroad equipment_______________________
Locomotives and parts__________________
Railroad and street cars_________________
Other transportation equipm ent.-.......................
0
5.5
«
7.8
4.3
9.6
3.8
2.2
4.6
4.5
0
9.2
0
13.6
1.8
10.9
10.9
3.5
15.2
2.4
0
0.4
0
.2
.8
1.8
.4
.7
.2
.7
0
0.1
0
.1
0
0.4
0
0
0
.3
0
8.0
0
12.4
.8
8.4
10.0
2.1
14.5
1.2
Instruments and related products_______________
Photographic apparatus____________________
Watches and clocks......... .....................................
Professional and scientific instrum ents________
22
0
1.6
3.0
2.1
.6
2.1
2.6
2.4
0
3.1
2.7
3.1
1.4
5.9
3.2
.8
.7
.5
.5
.7
.1
.9
.9
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
1.3
0
1.9
1.5
2.1
.7
5.0
2.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries....................
Jewelry, silverware, and plated w are..................
4.3
3.1
4.1
1.3
2.8
2.7
4.5
2.1
.9
1.1
.9
.7
.2
.1
.2
.2
1.5
1.2
4.0
3.5
4.9
3.6
4.9
5.0
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.3
3.4
3.1
3.0
2.5
.8
.4
.7
1.3
.9
.5
.6
1.2
.3
.2
.3
.4
.2
.1
.2
.3
4.2
1.6
.9
2.5
1.3
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.2
4.8
3.7
1.3
3.5
3.3
2.3
(9
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.4
2.8
4.3
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.8
3.8
3.0
2.1
1.4
3.8
2.4
2.3
5.2
3.7
2.2
3.9
8.2
1.1
.9
1.1
1.6
2.7
3.0
2.3
1.9
5.3
3.6
1.7
3.8
2.8
1.2
2.0
4.0
7.6
3.1
1.9
1.6
2.2
1.1
.6
.9
1.2
1.2
1.3
.7
.3
2.6
1.9
2.3
3.3
4.0
3.2
4.1
2.6
1.3
.9
2.0
.7
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
3.3
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.8
0
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.1
2.5
1.9
1.8
2.1
1.5
1.6
1.0
.9
.9
1.8
1.6
2.4
1.9
2.9
2.0
3.0
4.3
1.5
1.1
2.3
.7
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.0
2.8
2.2
3.0
2.0
2.6
5.5
4.9
5.9
4.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
1.9
2.6
2.1
2.1
1.4
.9
.8
.6
2.6
1.5
3.1
3.4
2.9
2.9
2.9
.5
.8
.6
1.2
.3
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
.6
0
1.3
.8
1.3
.7
.5
.9
.5
.4
.3
.3
.8
.6
.3
.2
.6
.3
1.3
.7
1.5
.5
1.6
.9
.8
.6
1.0
.4
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
.6
.4
1.6
1.0
1.7
.6
.4
.8
.4
.3
.3
.3
.7
.4
.2
.2
.5
.3
1.4
.5
1.3
.6
1.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
2.2
1.5
0
1.3
1.3
1.5
2.5
4.8
1.9
.6
.7
.5
3.5
4.2
0
5.5
3.6
2.9
3.7
2.1
3.7
3.2
10.4
3.1
1.1
.2
0
1.0
.2
.2
1.6
.1
1.7
1.2
.8
.2
May
1958
June
1958
May
1958
Manufacturing—Continued
D u r a b l e G o o d s —Continued
0
0
0
0
0.3
.5
.6
.5
.3
0.7
.9
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
3.2
1.0
.2
.3
.2
.2
1.7
2.2
1.8
.5
2.1
2.2
2.0
.8
.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
.3
.1
.2
1.9
.4
.1
.8
0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.6
.7
.5
.3
.1
.9
0
.6
1.0
.5
1.1
.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.1
.5
.2
.4
.4
1.0
1.2
.8
.9
1.0
1.1
1.0
3.1
.5
.2
1.1
0
1.9
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.3
.6
1.4
.8
1.7
4.6
3.0
4.6
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.9
1.6
1.7
.5
.2
.2
.1
1.8
1.0
1.5
2.6
1.3
2.0
1.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
2.0
3.6
0
4.2
3.3
2.4
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.6
9.2
2.5
0
N o n d u r a b le G o o d s
Food and kindred products____________________
Meat products____________________________
Grain-mill products__ _____________________
Bakery products_____________________ _____
Beverages:
M alt liquors...................................................
Tobacco manufactures_____________ ___________
Cigarettes.......... ......... ................ ........................
Cigars......................................................................
Tobacco and snuff..................................................
Textile-mill products...............................................
Yarn and thread mills______________________
Broad-woven fabric mills___________________
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber___ __________
Woolen and worsted____________________
Knitting mills_________ __________________
Full-fashioned hosiery______________ ____
Seamless h o siery ___ __________________
Knit underwear_______________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles.............. ............ .
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___________
Apparel and other finished textile products_______
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats_____________
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work clothing..
Paper and allied products.—........................................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills __________
Paperboard containers and boxes.........................
Chemicals and allied products.....................................
Industrial inorganic chemicals____ ___________
Industrial organic chemicals____ ____________
Synthetic f ib e r s ...____ _______________
Drugs and medicines_______________________
Paints, pigments, and fillers............. ...................
Products of petroleum and coal....................... ...........
Petroleum refining. _______________________
Rubber products_____ _______________________
Tires and inner tubes............................................
Rubber footwear.___ ___________ __________
Other rubber products..........................................
Leather and leather products___________________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished________
Footwear (except rubber)___________________
Nonmanufacturing
Metal mining________________________ ____ ____
Iron mining__________________ ___________
Copper mining............... .............................. ..........
Lead and zinc mining_____________ ________
Anthracite mining____________________________
Bituminous-coal m ining.______________________
Communication:
Telephone..............................................................
Telegraph A. ______ _______ ____________
0
0
.5
.9
0
0
1 See footnote 1 and Note, table B -l. Data for the current month are
preliminary.
2 Excludes the printing, publishing, and allied industries group, and the
following industries: canning and preserving; women’s, misses’, and chil
dren’s outerwear; and fertilizer.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.3
1.4
0
0
.9
.6
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
0
0
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
0
0
.1
.1
.1
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
0
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
0
0
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.4
.1
.1
0
0
.2
.4
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
0
.1
.1
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.4
0
.2
.1
.2
0
0
3 Less than 0.05.
4 Not available.
3 Data relate to domestic employees except messengers.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
0
0
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.3
.3
.4
.3
.1
.3
1055
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
C.—Earnings and Hours
T able
C -l.
Year and month
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn hours
earn earn hours
ings
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Mining
Total: Metal
1956: Average_____ $98. 81
1957- A v e r a g e
102. 21
June________ 104.81
.T illy
104. 19
August______ 103. 79
September___ 106.19
October_____ 102. 91
November___ 99.84
December....... 102.03
1958: January_____ 99. 72
February____ 98.81
March_____
97.02
April________ 94.62
May
96.01
June________ 100. 98
41.0
40.4
41.1
40.7
40.7
41.0
40.2
39.0
39.7
38.8
38.3
37.9
37.4
38.1
39.6
$2.41
2.53
2.55
2. 56
2. 55
2.59
2. 56
2. 56
2. 57
2. 57
2.58
2. 56
2.53
2. 52
2. 55
Coal
Metal
Total: Mining
$96.83
98. 74
98. 81
100.28
101. 35
102.84
98. 70
96.92
97. 27
97. 27
96. 78
95.40
92.93
91.10
92.69
42.1
40.8
41.0
40.6
41.2
41.3
39.8
39.4
39.7
39.7
39.5
39.1
38.4
37.8
38.3
$2.30
2.42
2.41
2.47
2.46
2.49
2.48
2. 46
2. 45
2.45
2. 45
2.44
2. 42
2. 41
2.42
$96.71
103.49
103.06
109. 61
111.76
114. 78
106.23
100.34
97.46
98.19
99.63
96.93
93. 96
94.23
99. 53
39.8
39.5
40.1
40.9
41.7
42.2
39.2
37.3
36.5
36.5
36.9
35.9
34.8
34.9
37.0
Lead and zinc
Copper
Iron
$2.43 $100. 28
2.62 97.75
2.57 98.88
2.68 98.00
2.68 97.20
2. 72 93.60
2.71 92.20
2.69 96.32
2. 67 98. 66
2.69 98.25
2.70 95. 52
2.70 94.96
2.70 93.30
2. 70 88.22
2.69 84. 71
43.6
40.9
41.2
40.0
40.0
39.0
38.1
39.8
40.6
40.6
39.8
39.9
39.2
37.7
36.2
$2.30 $89.24
2.39 88. 97
2.40 89.60
2.45 87.85
2.43 88. 75
2.40 89.60
2. 42 88.10
2. 42 87.08
2. 43 91.52
2. 42 86.24
2. 40 84. 50
2. 38 85.10
2. 38 84. 74
2. 34 83.89
2. 34 87. 08
Bituminous
1956: Average........... $106.22
1957: Average_____ 110. 53
June________ 114. 68
July________ 112.17
August_____ _ 110. 96
September___ 112.91
October_____ 110. 66
November___ 102.18
December....... 107. 92
1958: January_____ 103. 36
F eb ru ary
100. 62
96.37
M arch. J____
April________ 90. 60
M ay________ 93.30
June________ 104.19
37.8
36.6
37.6
36.3
36.5
36.9
36.4
33.5
35.5
34.0
33.1
31.7
30.0
31.1
34.5
Petroleum and nat
ural-gas produc
tion (except con
tract services)
$2. 81 $101. 68
3.02 106. 75
3.05 109.18
3.09 110. 00
3. 04 106. 52
3.06 113.28
3. 04 106. 92
3. 05 109.34
3.04 111.64
3.04 110. 56
3.04 110.83
3. 04 110.97
3. 02 108.81
3.00 107.06
3.02 110. 70
41.0
40.9
41.2
41.2
40.5
41.8
40.5
40.8
41.5
41.1
41.2
41.1
40.6
40.4
41.0
Nonmetallic mining
and quarrying
$2.48 $85.63
2.61 87. 80
2. 65 90. 45
2.67 90. 70
2.63 92.57
2.71 92. 25
2. 64 91.19
2.68 86.90
2. 69 86.31
2. 69 84.25
2. 69 81.00
2. 70 83.22
2. 68 85.45
2. 65 89.59
2. 70 90.85
44.6
43.9
45.0
44.9
45.6
45.0
44.7
42.6
42.1
41.5
39.9
41.2
42.3
43.7
44.1
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
June................
J u l y . . . ...........
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
M arch______
April_______
M ay________
June________
$104. 94
110. 15
111.32
114.05
115. 30
115. 89
114.23
106. 56
110.11
110. 59
102. 96
110.30
110.01
115. 26
115. 43
39.9
39.2
39.9
40.3
40.6
40.1
39.8
37.0
38.5
38.4
36.0
38.3
38.6
40.3
40.5
37.3
36.9
37.8
37.9
38.3
37.7
37.4
34.8
35.5
35.7
33.4
35.6
36.2
37.4
37.3
Total: Nonbuilding
construction
$2.73 $101. 59
2. 89 105.07
2.86 106. 63
2.88 110. 77
2.90 112.41
2. 94 110.16
2.94 109. 21
2. 96 98.82
2.97 102. 60
3.00 103. 79
3.01 96.21
2. 99 101. 90
2. 98 103. 45
2. 97 110. 56
2.96 109.61
40.8
39.8
40.7
41.8
42.1
40.8
40.6
36.6
38.0
38.3
35.5
37.6
38.6
41.1
40.9
$2.49
2.64
2. 62
2.65
2.67
2.70
2. 69
2. 70
2.70
2.71
2.71
2.71
2.68
2. 69
2.68
Total: Building
construction
Highway and street
construction
$97.63
98.66
101.33
107.01
109. 06
104.00
103. 34
89.41
91. 14
92. 96
85. 26
88.21
94.57
105.84
103. 50
41.9
40.6
41.7
43.5
43.8
41.6
41.5
36.2
37.2
38.1
34.8
36.6
38.6
42.0
41.4
$2.33
2. 43
2. 43
2. 46
2.49
2.50
2. 49
2. 47
2. 45
2. 44
2. 45
2. 41
2.45
2. 52
2. 50
36.4
36.1
36.9
36.8
37.2
36.8
36.5
34.4
34.9
35.2
33.0
35.2
35.5
36.3
36.2
$2.80
2.96
2. 94
2.95
2. 97
3.02
3. 02
3.03
3.05
3.07
3.08
3.06
3.06
3.06
3.06
Special-trade contractors
General contractors
$95.04
98.89
100.65
102.03
103.79
102.65
102. 65
95.37
97. 76
100. 39
91.58
100. 04
101.60
105.12
103. 46
36.0
35.7
36.6
36.7
37.2
36.4
36.4
33.7
34.3
35.1
31.8
35.1
35.4
36.5
36.3
Total: Specialtrade contractors
$2. 64 $107.16
2. 77 112.17
2. 75 113.90
2. 78 112.98
2. 79 115.32
2.82 116.18
2. 82 115.29
2.83 109. 62
2. 85 111.58
2. 86 112.29
2. 88 107.18
2.85 112.29
2. 87 113.21
2. 88 115.12
2.85 114. 80
36.7
36.3
37.1
36.8
37.2
37.0
36.6
34.8
35.2
35.2
33.6
35.2
35.6
36.2
36.1
Plumbing and
heating
$2.92 $112.31
3.09 118.87
3.07 119. 42
3. 07 116.80
3. 10 120. 74
3.14 123. 77
3.15 122.11
3.15 116. 44
3.17 121. 86
3.19 122.36
3.19 117. 85
3.19 120.80
3.18 121. 77
3.18 121.66
3.18 122. 47
38.2
38.1
38.4
37.8
38.7
38.8
38.4
36.5
38.2
38.0
36.6
37.4
37.7
37.9
37.8
$2.94
3.12
3.11
3. 09
3.12
3.19
3.18
3.19
3.19
3.22
3.22
3.23
3.23
3.21
3.24
Other specialtrade contractors
39.5 $3.17 $102. 39
1956: Average_____ $125.22
39.2
3.37 106.30
1957: Average_____ 132.10
39.9
3.36 108.84
June________ 134.06
July________ 132.83
39.3
3. 38 108. 60
3.38 110. 60
August______ 132. 50 39.2
39.5
3. 40 110.88
September___ 134.30
3.41 no. oo
October........... 135. 49 39.5
37.5
3.42 104.lc
November___ 128.25
3.42 102. 92
December___ 134. 75 39.4
3. 42 104. 54
38.7
1958: January_____ 132. 35
37. 5 3.42 97.3¿
February____ 128.25
38.2
3. 46 105.4¿
M arch______ 132.17
38.2
3.49 106.6<
April_______ 133.32
38.5
3. 52 110.09
M ay_____ _ 135.52
38.6
3. 55 109.16
June...... .......... 137. 03
See footnotes at end of table.
35.8
35.2
36.4
36.2
36.5
36.0
35.6
33.7
33.2
33.4
31. i
33. Í
34.4
35.4
35.1
Painting and
decorating
$99.81
103. 75
105. 55
105. 95
107. 76
107. 57
105. 79
102. 20
102. 23
102. 94
100. 78
103. 80
106.91
106. 79
107. 36
34.9
34.7
35.3
35.2
35.8
35.5
34.8
33.4
33.3
33.1
32.3
33.7
34.6
34.9
35.2
$2.86
2.99
2.99
3.01
3. 01
3.03
3.04
3.06
3.07
3.11
3.12
3.08
3.09
3.06
3.05
Manufacturing
Contract construction—Continued
Durable goods
Special-trade contractors—-Continued
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.40
2.63
2. 65
2. 53
2.66
2. 65
2.63
2.65
2.66
2.68
2.68
2.65
2.63
2. 62
2.61
Building construction
$2.63 $101.92
2.81 106.86
2. 79 108. 49
2.83 108. 56
2.84 110. 48
2. 89 111. 14
2.87 no. 23
2.88 104. 23
2. 86 106.45
2.88 108.06
2.86 101. 64
2. 88 107. 71
2.85 108. 63
2.86 111.08
2. 85 110. 77
Electrical work
32.9
31.1
33.3
32.3
30.1
34.8
30.9
29.0
26.6
30.5
27.5
25.0
22.3
25.8
30.8
Nonbuilding construction
Total: Contract
construction
$1.92 $101.83
2.00 106. 64
2.01 108.11
2.02 109. 15
2.03 111.07
2.05 110. 84
2.04 109. 96
2.04 103. 01
2.05 105. 44
2.03 107.10
2.03 100. 53
2.02 106. 44
2.02 107.88
2. 05 111.08
2. 06 110. 41
Nonbuilding
construction—Con.
Other nonbuilding
construction
$2.14 $78. 96
2.17 81.79
2.18 88. 25
2.18 81.72
2.17 80.07
2.18 92.22
2.17 81.27
2.15 76.85
2.20 70.76
2.14 81.74
2.15 73.70
2.16 66.25
2. 14 58. 65
2.14 67. 60
2.15 80. 39
Contract construction
Mining—Continued
Coal —Continued
41.7
41.0
41.1
40.3
40.9
41.1
40.6
40.5
41.6
40.3
39.3
39.4
39.6
39.2
40.5
Anthracite 1
Total: Manufacturing
$2.86 $79. 99
3.02 82.39
2.99 82.80
3.00 82.39
3.03 82.80
3.08 82. 99
3.0E 82. 56
3. 09 82.92
3.10 82. 7<
3.1Í 81. 66
3.11 80.6'
3.11 81.45
3.10 80. 81
3.11 82.04
3.11 83.10
40.4
39.8
40.0
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.5
39. c
39.4
38.7
38. 4
38.6
38.;
38.7
39.2
Durable goods
$1.98 $86. 31
2. 07 88.66
2.07 88.70
2.07 88.00
2.07 89. 06
2. 08 89.24
2. 0Í 88. 75
2.11 88.9;
2 .1( 88. 9c
2.11 87. U
2.1( 86.46
2.11 87. 75
2.11 87.3(
2.12 88. 37
2.12 89. 89
41.1
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.2
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
38.6
39. (
38.8
39.1
39.6
Nondurable goods
$2.10 $71.10
2.20 73. 51
2 .1£ 74.0E
2. 20 74.47
2.21 74. 26
2.22 75.24
2.2c 74.1C
2. 24 74.11
2. 24 74.88
2. 24 73.54
2. 24 73.15
2.25 73. 53
2. 25 73.14
2.26 73.91
2. 27 75.08
39.5
39.1
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.3
38.1
38.1
37.7
38.1
38.7
$1.80
1.88
1.8£
1.8E
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
Total: Ordnance
and accessories
$91. 54
95.47
94. 8S
93. 6C
93.8S
95.04
94.96
96.00
98. 74
100. 77
99.06
99.72
100.12
99. 88
101. 09
41.8 $2.19
40.8
2.34
40.7
2.33
40. C 2. 34
2.34
40.1
2.37
40.1
2.38
39.9
2.40
40.0
2.42
40.8
2.44
41.3
2. 44
40.6
2.45
40.7
2.46
40.7
40.6
2.46
2. 49
40.6
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1056
T able
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or non supervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hily. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Year and month
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
T o ta l: L u m b e r a n d
w o o d p r o d u c t s (ex
c e p t fu rn itu r e )
1956: A v e r a g e ...............
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
J u n e ........... ...........
J u l y . . . ..................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ............
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________
M a y __________
J u n e ___________
$ 7 0 .9 3
7 2 .0 4
74. 8S
7 1 .8 9
7 5 .6 2
7 1 .5 8
7 3 .9 7
71. 94
7 1 .3 7
69. 69
70. 43
70. 80
7 1 .3 9
74. 45
7 6 .7 3
4 0 .3
3 9 .8
4 0 .7
3 9 .5
4L 1
3 8 .9
4 0 .2
39. 1
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .9
3 8 .8
3 9 .6
4 0 .6
$ 1 .7 6
1 .8 1
1 .8 4
1 .8 2
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1. 83
1 .8 1
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
1 .8 4
1 .8 8
1 .8 9
S o u th
U n ite d S ta te s
$71. 51
70. 92
73. 42
70. 23
74. 12
72. 13
72. 44
7 1 .0 0
69. 50
67. 08
67. 82
69. 09
68. 92
73. 05
7 4 .4 8
4 0 .4
39. 4
39. 6
3 8 .8
40. 5
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 7 .9
38. 1
3 8 .6
38. 5
39. 7
4 0 .7
$ 1 .7 7
1 .8 0
1 .8 4
1 .8 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 4
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 1
1 .7 7
1 .7 8
1. 79
1. 79
1 .8 4
1 .8 3
M illw o r k , p ly w o o d ,
and
p r e f a b ric a te d
s tr u c tu r a l
w ood
p ro d u c ts 2
S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g mills, general
S a w m ills a n d p la n in g
m ills 2
$ 7 2 .1 4
71 .5 3
74. 4C
70. 82
74. 93
72. 73
73 23
7 1 .7 8
70. 27
67. 66
68. 58
69. 87
69. 69
74. 03
7 5 .4 8
4 0 .3
3 9 .3
40. C
3 8 .7
40. 5
39. 1
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 7 .8
38. 1
38. 6
3 8 .5
39. 8
4 0 .8
$ 1 .7 9
1 .8 2
1 .8 6
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
1 .8 4
1 .8 5
1 .8 3
1 .7 9
1 .8 0
1 .8 1
1 .8 1
1 .8 6
1 .8 5
$49. 09
49. 29
49. 25
49. 13
50. 87
5 0 .3 1
50. 55
48. 19
48. 22
48. 46
48. 09
48. 83
48. 83
49. 94
5 1 .0 0
4 1 .6
40. 4
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 1 .7
4 0 .9
41. 1
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .4
39. 1
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
40. 6
4 1 .8
W est
$ 1 .1 8
1 .2 2
1 .2 1
1 .2 1
1 .2 2
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 2
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1. 23
1. 23
1 .2 2
$90. 87
88. 62
91. 89
85. 74
92. 36
8 8 .6 4
89. 47
89. 62
8 7 .8 4
82. 57
86. 10
86. 71
8 6 .0 2
91. 26
9 1 .4 9
3 9 .0
3 8 .2
39. 1
3 6 .8
3 9 .3
3 7 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 7 .7
3 5 .9
3 7 .6
3 7 .7
3 7 .4
3 9 .0
39. 1
$ 2 .3 3
2. 32
2. 35
2. 33
2. 35
2. 37
2 .3 3
2. 34
2. 33
2. 30
2. 29
2. 30
2. 30
2. 34
2. 34
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u c ts (ex c e p t f u rn itu r e ) — C o n tin u e d
1956: A v e r a g e ...............
1957: A v e r a g e _______
J u n e ___________
J u l y . . . ..................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ________
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________
$72. 90
75. 55
77. 46
77. 64
77. 46
78. 47
7 7 .1 1
7 5 .0 3
75. 22
74. 29
7 4 .2 8
7 4 .0 9
74. 28
77. 57
79. 32
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 0 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .8
3 9 .1
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
3 9 .3
4 0 .4
4 1 .1
$ 1 .8 0
1 .8 7
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
H o u s e h o ld f u r n i tu r e 2
1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e . . . . .
J u n e ___________
J u l y -----------------A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h . . .............
A p r i l ......................
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________
$ 6 5 .7 7
66. 63
65. 74
6 5 .0 7
6 7 .9 7
6 8 .7 1
6 9 .1 2
66. 86
6 7 .8 3
63. 96
6 4 .3 4
6 4 .6 8
63. 34
6 3 .0 0
6 5 .4 0
4 0 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .6
3 9 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
3 8 .3
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 7 .7
3 7 .5
3 8 .7
W o o d e n c o n ta in e rs 2
Plywood.
Millwork
$ 1 .6 2
1 .6 7
1 .6 6
1 .6 6
1 .6 7
1 .6 8
1 .6 9
1 .6 8
1. 70
1 .6 7
1 .6 8
1. 68
1 .6 8
1 .6 8
1 .6 9
$76. 22
7 6 .0 0
78. 34
72. 95
77. 76
76. 03
76. 02
74. 88
77. 60
76. 04
7 8 .3 9
7 8 .3 9
78. 20
79. 60
81. 97
4 1 .2
4 0 .0
4 0 .8
3 8 .6
40. 5
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
4 1 .4
$ 1 .8 5
1 .9 0
1 .9 2
1. 89
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 4
1. 93
1. 95
1 .9 5
1. 96
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
W o o d ho u s e h o l d furniture (except u p bolstered)
$59. 20
59. 79
59. 20
58. 21
6 1 .3 9
61. 69
6 2 .4 0
60. 49
60. 45
5 7 .8 7
5 6 .6 8
57. 96
56. 77
56. 77
58. 20
4 1 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
4 1 .2
4 1 .4
4 1 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
39. 1
3 8 .3
3 8 .9
38. 1
3 8 .1
3 8 .8
$ 1 .4 3
1 .4 8
1 .4 8
1 .4 7
1. 49
1 .4 9
1 .5 0
1 .4 9
1 .5 0
1 .4 8
1. 48
1 .4 9
1 .4 9
1 .4 9
1 .5 0
$56. 71
56. 23
5 7 .0 8
5 7 .6 0
5 7 .6 0
56. 59
56. 74
54. 91
54. 95
53. 30
53. 39
54. 67
55. 10
56. 34
58. 03
4 0 .8
3 9 .6
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .7
3 7 .8
3 7 .6
3 8 .5
3 8 .8
3 9 .4
4 0 .3
$ 1 .3 9
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 4
1 .4 4
1. 44
1 .4 4
1. 43
1. 42
1 .4 1
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 3
1 .4 4
W o o d h o u s e h o l d furniture, up ho ls te re d
$71. 82
72. 50
7 1 .0 0
6 8 .2 2
72. 80
7 5 .5 2
75. 52
74. 03
76. 95
6 7 .7 1
70. 30
70. 12
6 7 .9 0
65. 68
6 9 .0 1
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 8 .8
3 7 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .5
3 6 .6
3 8 .0
3 7 .9
3 6 .7
3 5 .5
37. 1
$ 1 .8 0
1 .8 4
1 .8 3
1 .8 0
1 .8 2
1 .8 6
1 .8 6
1. 86
1 .9 0
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1. 85
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
4 1 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
40. 1
3 9 .3
4 0 .0
3 8 .3
38. 4
3 7 .7
37. 5
3 8 .6
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
4 0 .7
3 9 .4
39. 1
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
3 9 .2
37. 1
3 8 .3
3 7 .5
3 7 .5
3 6 .4
3 6 .7
3 8 .5
4 0 .7
F u r n i t u r e a n d f ix tu re s — C o n tin u e d
M e t a l office fu rn it ur e
1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e _______
J u n e ...... ..............
J u l y ....... ................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l _____ _____
M a y ..
_ _
J u n e __________
$ 8 7 .1 5
85. 28
8 0 .6 3
8 6 .3 3
8 8 .8 4
8 8 .8 8
83. 66
85. 97
8 3 .8 8
8 3 .4 4
82. 28
82. 43
81 40
79. 28
8 3 .2 5
4 1 .7
3 9 .3
3 7 .5
3 9 .6
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
3 8 .2
3 8 .9
3 8 .3
3 8 .1
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 7 .0
3 6 .2
37. 5
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$ 2 .0 9
2. 17
2. 15
2. 18
2 .2 1
2. 20
2 .1 9
2 .2 1
2 .1 9
2 .1 9
2. 20
2 .2 1
2 .2 0
2. 19
2. 22
P a r ti ti o n s , s h e lv in g ,
lo c k e rs , a n d fix tu re s
$ 8 4 .0 5
85. 22
86. 05
8 4 .9 6
8 6 .8 6
8 6 .8 0
87. 70
8 3 .8 5
8 3 .6 4
83. 38
83. 44
84. 97
8 2 .8 4
84. 10
86 63
4 1 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
3 9 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
4 0 .6
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 8 .6
38. 1
3 8 .8
3 8 .0
3 8 .4
39 2
$2. 05
2. 12
2. 13
2. 14
2. 15
2. 17
2. 16
2. 15
2. 15
2. 16
2. 19
2 .1 9
2. 18
2. 19
2 91
71
W
$ 1 .8 3
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1 .9 0
1 .9 1
1. 92
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
$ 1 .8 2
1 .8 9
1 .9 1
1. 90
1.91
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 1
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 2
1. 93
1 .9 4
1 .9 7
M is c e lla n e o u s w o o d
p ro d u c ts
$60. 01
6 1 .5 6
63. 14
6 1 .9 1
62. 27
62. 37
62. 06
6 1 .2 3
6 1 .8 5
6 1 .2 3
60. 76
6 1 .8 5
6 1 .6 9
6 1 .6 2
62. 57
4 1 .1
40. 5
4 1 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
3 9 .5
3 9 .6
$ 1 .4 6
1. 52
1 .5 4
1 .5 4
1. 53
1 .5 4
1. 54
1. 55
1. 55
1 .5 5
1 .5 5
1. 55
1. 55
1 .5 6
1 .5 8
T o ta l: F u r n it u r e a n d
f ix tu re s
$68. 95
70. 00
69. 48
6 8 .3 8
7 1 .6 3
72. 39
72. 04
69. 87
7 0 .6 2
67. 76
67. 97
68. 32
67. 26
6 6 .9 1
6 9 .2 4
4 0 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .9
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .6
3 8 .0
3 7 .8
3 8 .9
$1. 69
1 .7 5
1 .7 5
1 .7 4
1 .7 6
1 .7 7
1 .7 7
1. 76
1 .7 7
1 .7 6
1 .7 7
1 .7 7
1 .7 7
1. 77
1 .7 8
O f f ic e , p u b l i c - b u i l d in g , a n d
p r o fe s s io n a l f u r n i t u r e 2
W o o d office f u r n it ur e
$79. 61
78. 99
77. 42
78 .0 1
8 1 .7 7
82 80
7 8 .8 0
79. 20
79. 40
7 8 .6 1
77. 40
78. 38
77. 99
76. 42
7 8 .9 9
$ 7 1 .0 5
6 4 .7 1
6 4 .9 4
63. 18
66. 98
67. 55
6 5 .6 7
63. 60
6 6 .0 1
63. 76
6 1 .8 2
6 0 .1 0
60. 38
6 0 .6 4
63. 20
4 1 .9
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
4 1 .3
4 1 .4
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 9 .3
$ 1 .9 0
1 .9 6
1 .9 6
1 .9 6
1 .9 8
2. 00
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
2 .0 0
2 .0 2
2 .0 1
1. 99
2 .0 1
4 2 .8
4 0 .7
41. 1
4 0 .5
4 1 .6
4 1 .7
4 1 .3
3 9 .5
4 1 .0
3 9 .6
3 8 .4
3 7 .1
3 7 .5
3 7 .9
3 9 .5
$ 1 .6 6
1 .5 9
1 .5 8
1. 56
1 .6 1
1 .6 2
1 .5 9
1 .6 1
1 .6 1
1 .6 1
1 .6 1
1 .6 2
1 .6 1
1 .6 0
1 .6 0
S to n e , c la y , a n d g la s s p r o d u c t s
S c ree n s, b lin d s , a n d
m is c e lla n e o u s fu rn i tu r e a n d f ix tu re s
$66. 09
68. 40
6 8 .0 0
68. 63
69. 49
71. 75
70. 12
6 8 .7 3
71. 63
70. 27
69. 17
69. 52
70. 05
70. 49
$ 1 .3 8
1 .4 2
1 .4 3
1. 45
1 .4 5
1 .4 4
1 .4 3
1 .4 1
1 .4 0
1 .3 9
1 .3 9
1. 40
1 .4 1
1 .4 3
1 .4 4
Mattresses a n d
b e d s pr in gs
$ 7 1 .7 1
7 3 .9 0
76. 97
76. 95
77. 16
77. 76
75. 26
70. 86
74. 30
72. 75
72. 75
69. 89
70. 83
7 4 .6 9
80. 18
4 0 .7
4 0 .0
4 0 .8
40. 1
4 0 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
3 9 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .4
40. 1
4 0 .8
F u r n it u r e a n d fix tu re s
W o o d e n boxes other
t h a n cigar
$56. 58
56. 52
57. 49
5 8 .5 8
58. 15
56. 59
57. 20
5 4 .0 0
53. 76
52. 40
52. 13
54. 04
54. 85
5 6 .4 9
5 8 .6 1
$74. 48
75. 60
77. 52
76. 19
77. 93
77. 76
76. 78
74. 49
76. 42
7 4 .8 8
75. 46
75. 65
7 6 .0 4
78. 20
79. 97
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
39. 9
4 0 .4
4 1 .0
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
40. 7
39. 7
3 9 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
40
$1. 64
1 .7 1
1 .7 0
1. 72
1. 72
1. 75
1. 74
1. 74
1. 76
1 .7 7
1 .7 6
1. 76
1 .7 6
1 .7 8
1 rr
T o t a l: S to n e , c la y ,
a n d g la s s p r o d u c t s
$80. 56
8 3 .0 3
83. 23
8 2 .8 2
8 4 .0 5
8 4 .6 6
84. 65
84. 61
83. 58
82. 32
80. 67
8 1 .7 2
81. 51
82. 97
Oi
40
4 1 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
40. 1
3 9 .8
3 9 .2
3 8 .6
39. 1
3 9 .0
3 9 .7
O
G la s s a n rl g la s s w a re ,
p re sse d o r b lo w n 2
F l a t g la s s
$ 1 .9 6 $113. 30
2 .0 5 1 1 4 .6 2
2. 04 108. 90
2 .0 5 112. 28
2. 06 1 0 9 .0 2
2. 08 113. 52
2. 09 116. 76
2. 11 126. 95
2. 10 118. 99
2. 10 117. 09
2 .0 9 109. 63
2. 09 108. 02
2. 09 104. 80
2 09 105. 09
o in
HU 14
4 1 .2
4 0 .5
3 9 .6
40. 1
3 9 .5
4 0 .4
40. 4
4 2 .6
4 0 .2
40. 1
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 6 .9
37 4
$2. 75
2. 83
2. 75
2 .8 0
2. 76
2 .8 1
2. 89
2 .9 8
2. 96
2. 92
2. 87
2. 85
2. 84
2. 81
$79. 40
83. 58
84. 02
8 4 .8 2
8 4 .0 0
83. 95
83. 74
85. 10
84. 56
84. 77
84. 56
8 6 .0 0
83. 85
84. 71
3 9 .7
3 9 .8
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
3 9 .0
3 9 .4
? ft Q
o 09
O * *7*
3Q 7
$ 2 .0 0
2 .1 0
2 .0 9
2 .1 1
2. 10
2. 12
2. 12
2. 16
2 .1 3
2. 13
2. 13
2. 15
2. 15
2 .1 5
2 16
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
C -l.
105Î
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings horns
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
brly. wkly Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
1956: Average.......... $80. 59
1957: Average........... 85.01
June________ 85.65
July................. 86.46
August............ 85. 63
September___ 84. 74
October........... 84. 74
November___ 86.67
December___ 85.20
1958: January_____ 85.86
February____ 86.69
March............. 87.29
April_______
86.58
M a y .............. 87. 67
J u n e......... .
88.29
39.7
40.1
40.4
40.4
40.2
39.6
39.6
40.5
40.0
40.5
40.7
40.6
39.9
40.4
40.5
$2.03 $77.81
2.12 81.56
2.12 81.40
2.14 81.59
2.13 80.78
2.14 82.58
2.14 82.74
2.14 82.84
2.13 83.53
2.12 83.42
2.13 81.58
2.15 83.67
2.17 79.92
2.17 80.14
2.18 82.01
Floor and wall tile
1956: Average.......... $73. 57
1957: Average........... 75.81
Ju n e........... .
76.80
J u ly................ 76.80
August--------- 77.36
September___ 78.34
October_____
76.99
November___ 76. 61
December....... 75.46
1958: January........... 73.92
February____ 73. 54
March............. 74.30
April............... 74.11
May......... ...... 76. 44
June________ 77. 41
40.2
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.5
40.8
40.1
39.9
39.3
38.5
38.5
38.9
38.6
39.4
39.9
Pressed or blownglass
39.7
39.4
39.9
39.8
39.6
39.7
39.4
38.0
39.4
38.8
38.3
39.1
37.7
37.8
38.5
$1.96 $69.12
2.07 70.67
2.04 69.42
2.05 68.78
2.04 69.78
2.08 72. 72
2.10 74. 44
2.18 72.40
2.12 72.07
2.15 68.92
2.13 67.30
2.14 68.20
2.12 67.88
2.12 68. 99
2.13 70. 47
Sewer pipe
$1.83 $72. 76
1.90 73.26
1.92 73. 51
1.92 76.33
1.91 74.37
1.92 75. 74
1.92 76. 55
1.92 71.98
1.92 70.31
1.92 65.29
1.91 65. 45
1.91 65.66
1.92 67.69
1. 94 73.34
1.94 76. 62
40.2
39.6
39.1
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.5
38.7
37.6
35.1
35.0
35.3
36.2
38.0
39.7
Glass products made
of purchased glass
40.9
39.7
39.0
39.3
39.2
40.4
40.9
40.0
39.6
38.5
37.6
38.1
37.5
37.7
38.3
$1.69 $83.84
1.78 87.91
1.78 86. 51
1.75 83.16
1.78 91.39
1.80 93.30
1.82 90. 50
1.81 91.35
1.82 90.09
1.79 89.60
1.79 87.47
1.79 87.19
1.81 89.82
1.83 90.94
1.84 92.11
Clay refractories
$1.81 $80.36
1.85 83.81
1.88 83.28
1.88 85.02
1.85 85.58
1.87 82.65
1.89 84.80
1.86 82.43
1.87 83.92
1.86 80.91
1.87 78.08
1.86 77.95
1.87 78.40
1.93 80.19
1.93 82. 58
39.2
38.8
39.1
39.0
38.9
37.4
38.2
37.3
37.8
35.8
34.7
34.8
35.0
35.8
36.7
Cement, hydaulic
Structural clay
products *
$2.03 $73.44
40.8 $1.80 $69.97
41.9 $1.67
2.16 74.61
39.9
1.87 69.60
40.7
1.71
2.11 75. 74 40.5
1.87 71.55
41.6
1.72
2.20 76.33
40.6
1.88 71.55
41.6
1.72
2.24 76.52
40.7
1.88 71.72
1.72
41.7
2.27 76.38
40.2
1.90 72.28
41.3
1.75
2.24 76.19
1.90 71.58
40.1
40.9
1.75
2.25 74.09
39.2
1.89 69.43
39.9
1.74
2.23 73.91
38.9
1.90 68.73
39.5
1.74
2.24 71.06
1.89 66.35
37.6
1.71
38.8
2.22 69.93
1.89 64.81
37.0
37.9
1.71
2.23 71.25
37.9
1.88 67.37
39.4
1.71
2.24 72.38
1.88 69.95
38.5
1.74
40.2
2.24 74.28
1.89 70. 82 40.7
39.3
1.74
2.28 76.17
1.89 72.98
40.3
41.7
1.75
Pottery and related Concrete, gypsum, and
C
oncrete
products
products
plaster products 2
$2.05 $72.20
2.16 73.48
2.13 71.71
2.18 71.87
2.20 73.70
2.21 74.84
2.22 74.63
2.21 75. 78
2.22 74.10
2.26 71.86
2.25 73.08
2.24 73.24
2.24 71.60
2.24 70. 85
2.25 71. 20
41.3
40.7
41.0
37.8
40.8
41.1
40.4
40.6
40.4
40.0
39.4
39.1
40.1
40.6
40.4
37.8
37.3
36.4
36.3
37.6
37.8
37.5
37.7
36.5
35.4
36.0
35.9
35.1
34.9
34.9
$1.91 $81.88
1.97 82. 75
1.97 85. 55
1.98 84.39
1.96 87.02
1.98 86.29
1.99 85.06
2.01 82.29
2.03 81.51
2.03 81. 54
2.03 78.80
2.04 80.16
2.04 81.76
2. 03 85. 77
2.04 88.20
44.5
43.1
44.1
43.5
44.4
43.8
43.4
42.2
41.8
41.6
39.8
40.9
41.5
43.1
44.1
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Cut-stone and stone
products
1956: Average........... $69.87
1957: Average.......... 70.98
June................ 72.22
Ju ly ............ — 71.56
August______ 72. 67
September___ 73.21
72.62
October_____
November___ 70.27
December___
70. 67
1958: January-......... 69.74
February____ 69.38
March............. 71.96
April ......... .
73.21
May________ 74.98
73.
89
June........... .
41.1
40.1
40.8
40.2
40.6
40.9
40.8
39.7
39.7
39.4
39.2
40.2
40.9
41.2
40.6
$1.70 $83.23
1.77 86.67
1. 77 87.74
1.78 85. 57
1.79 87.26
1. 79 87.67
1.78 87.64
1. 77 85.28
1.78 85.93
1.77 84.41
1.77 83.81
1.79 85.67
1.79 83.98
1.82 84. 58
1.82 87. 34
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills J
1956: Average........... $102.06 40.5
1957: Average........... 104. 79 39.1
39.8
June................ 104.67
July------------- 107.17 39.4
August______ 105. 65 38.7
38.8
September___ 107.09
October_____ 103. 74 38.0
November___ 102. 54 37.7
37.2
December___ 101.18
1958: January-------- 100.46 36.4
February____ 98.18
35.7
March______ 100.46 36.4
36.3
April............... 100.91
May................ 101. 66 36.7
June________ 106. 31 37.7
See footnotes at end of table.
4 7 6 5 5 1 — 5 8 -------7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
productsJ
40.8
40.5
41.0
39.8
40.4
40.4
40.2
39.3
39.6
38.9
38.8
39.3
38.7
38.8
39.7
Abrasiveproducts
$2.04 $88.62
2.14 90.74
2.14 91. 71
2.15 88.98
2.16 88.53
2.17 88. 55
2.18 90.94
2.17 87.93
2.17 92.97
2.17 89.09
2.16 87.17
2.18 89.01
2.17 87.09
2.18 86.95
2.20 88.13
40.1
39.8
40.4
39.2
39.0
38.5
39.2
37.9
39.9
38.4
37.9
38.7
37.7
37.0
37.5
$2.52 $102.47
2.68 105.18
2.63 105.07
2. 72 107.56
2.73 106.04
2.76 107.48
2.73 103.85
2.72 102.65
2.72 101.28
2. 76 100. 55
2. 75 98.26
2. 76 100. 55
2.78 101.00
2. 77 101. 75
2.82 106. 69
40.5
39.1
39.8
39.4
38.7
38.8
37.9
37.6
37.1
36.3
35.6
36.3
36.2
36.6
37.7
$2.53 $88.22
2.69 93.26
2.64 92.00
2. 73 92.28
2.74 95.34
2.77 96.39
2. 74 95.76
2.73 96.24
2.73 96.00
2. 77 98.81
2. 76 98.23
2. 77 96.00
2.79 99. 55
2. 78 97.91
2.83 98.60
40.1
40.2
40.0
39.1
40.4
40.5
39.9
40.1
40.0
41.0
41.1
40.0
40.8
39.8
39.6
Asbestos products
$2.21 $84.65
2.28 89.87
2.27 92.88
2.27 89.84
2.27 92.18
2.30 91.76
2.32 91.30
2.32 87.89
2.33 87.70
2.32 84.53
2.30 85.36
2.30 84.50
2.31 84.07
2. 35 86.80
2. 35 90.20
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling Electrometallurgical
mills, exceptelectro
products
metallurgical prod
ucts
Brick and hollowtile
41.7
41.8
42.8
41.4
41.9
41.9
41.5
40.5
40.6
39.5
39.7
39.3
39.1
40.0
41.0
$2.20 $87.34
2.32 87. 64
2.30 88.53
2.36 88.31
2.36 87.81
2.38 89.04
2.40 86.64
2.40 85.58
2.40 86. 41
2. 41 82.31
2.39 82. 76
2.40 82.54
2.44 81.52
2. 46 82. 67
2.49 84.50
41.2
39.3
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.4
38.0
37.7
37.9
36.1
36.3
36.2
35.6
36.1
36.9
Nonclay refractories
$2.03 $89.38
2.15 90.20
2.17 88.83
2.17 85.79
2.20 92.54
2.19 89.86
2.20 87.12
2.17 86.87
2.16 83. 54
2.14 78. 57
2.15 81.74
2.15 83.63
2.15 82.69
2.17 83.78
2.20 88.69
Iron and steel found
ries a
$2.12
2.23
2.23
2.23
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.27
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.29
2. 29
2.29
$1.84 $78. 75 45.0 $1.75
1.84
43.5
1.92 80.04
44.7
1.87
1.94 83.59
1.94 81.47
43.8
1.86
44.8
1.87
1.96 83.78
1.88
44.0
1.97 82.72
44.1
1.89
1.96 83.35
1.87
42.3
1.95 79.10
1.87
41.8
1.95 78.17
41.7
1.89
1.96 78.81
39.0
1.91
1.98 74.49
41.2
1.91
1.96 78.69
1.92
1.97 80.64
42.0
1.94
43.6
1.99 84.58
1.94
2.00 85. 94 44.3
Primary metal
industries
39.2
37.9
37.8
36.2
38.4
37.6
36.3
36.5
35.1
32.6
34.2
34.7
34.6
35.2
36.8
$2.28 $96. 52
2.38 98. 75
2.35 99.29
2.37 100.44
2. 41 99.82
2.39 101.26
2.40 98.18
2.38 97.03
2.38 97.16
2.41 95.23
2.39 94.21
2.41 95.35
2.39 95.20
2.38 96.23
2. 41 99. 96
Gray-ironfoundries
$83.84
84.15
85.24
85.63
84.97
85.80
83.85
83.18
83. 55
78.72
78.94
79.39
78.62
80.86
82. 43
40.7
38.6
39.1
39.1
38.8
39.0
37.6
37.3
37.3
35.3
35.4
35.6
35.1
36.1
36.8
Total: Primary metal
industries
40.9
39.5
40.2
39.7
39.3
39.4
38.5
38.2
38.1
37.2
36.8
37.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
$2.36
2.50
2.47
2.53
2. 54
2. 57
2. 55
2.54
2. 55
2.56
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.58
2.61
Malleable-ironfoundries
$2.06 $83.84
2.18 84.63
2.18 84.89
2.19 83.85
2.19 83.33
2.20 87.47
2.23 84.29
2.23 85. 57
2.24 86.24
2.23 81.09
2.23 84. 45
2.23 83.17
2.24 80.33
2.24 81.45
2.24 85.81
40.5
39.0
39.3
39.0
38.4
39.4
37.8
38.2
38.5
36.2
37.7
36.8
35.7
36.2
37.8
$2.07
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.17
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.24
2. 24
2.24
2.26
2.25
2. 25
2.27
1058
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags
Avg. Avg. Avg.
brly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
tags
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
tags
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
tags
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
tags
l —
Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
tags
Avg.
hrly.
earntags
Manufacturing—Oontinued
Durable goods—Continued
Year and month
Prim ary metal industries—Continued
Steel foundries
1956: Average_____ $95.63
1957: Average_____ 95.65
June.T______ 96.41
95.24
July________
95.27
A u g u st--___
September___ 96.32
93. 21
October_____
November___ 91.63
93. 21
December___
1958: January_____ 91.20
■February
90.38
M arch..'____
89.28
88.08
April_______
M a y ________ 87.00
88.
81
Ju n e ________
42.5
40.7
41.2
40.7
40.2
40.3
39.0
38.5
39.0
38.0
37.5
37.2
36.7
36.1
36.7
$2.25 $91.46
2.35 95.82
2.34 95.94
2.34 95. 58
2.37 97.36
2. 39 97.28
2. 39 97.44
2.38 96. 64
2.39 97. 53
2.40 97.04
2.41 98.09
2.40 97.69
2.40 97.04
2.41 96.96
2.42 96. 96
Rolling, d r a w i n g ,
a n d alloying
of c o p p e r
1956: Average.......... $95.18
1957: Average_____ 94. 54
June________ 97.11
July___ ____ _ 95.18
August______ 93.13
September___ 95. 99
97.03
October_____
November___ 96.24
December___
96.64
1958: January_____ 90.34
Ffihrna'ry
91.44
92.16
March______
90.82
A p r il.._____
M a y ....... ........ 91.54
Ju n e ________ 98.17
42.3
40.4
41.5
40.5
39.8
40.5
40.6
40.1
40.1
37.8
38.1
38.4
38.0
38.3
40.4
Primary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals 2
$2.25
2.34
2. 34
2.35
2. 34
2. 37
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.39
2.40
2.40
2.39
2.39
2.43
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
June.T______
July________
August______
September___
October____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
M arch______
April_______
M a y _______
Ju n e ________
$94.48
99. 05
104. 58
104. 67
102.91
102.87
97.27
97.02
96.89
97. 66
96.90
95.74
99. 96
97. 66
102.83
40.9
40.1
42.0
41.7
41.0
40.5
38.6
38.5
38.6
38.6
38.0
37.4
39.2
38.0
39.4
Hardware
1956: A verage-....... $83.44
1957: Average_____ 89.13
June________ 88.10
J u l y . . . _____
88.48
August.. __ 89.35
September___ 95.85
October_____ 94.02
November___ 93. 98
December__
85.02
1958: January_____ 85.31
February____ 85.31
March______
85.03
April_____
82.56
M a y ________ 85.80
Ju n e________ 88.53
$90.90
96.00
94.40
93.69
97. 57
100. 75
98.46
97.07
98.06
97.32
100.80
102. 62
102.47
103.68
105.37
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40.4
40.0
40.0
39.7
39.5
40.3
39.7
39.3
39.7
39.4
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.5
41.0
41.5
40.5
41.1
40.5
40.2
40.5
39.6
39.8
40.2
39.6
39.8
39.9
39.6
39.2
39.6
$2.14
2.22
2. 21
2.25
2.25
2.27
2. 26
2.24
2. 24
2. 24
2.24
2.23
2.23
2.23
2.24
Nonferrous foundries
$2.25 $88. 94
2.40 91.20
2.36 91.88
2.36 91.77
2.47 92.06
2.50 93. 26
2.48 91.64
2.47 90.94
2.47 90.48
2.47 90.25
2.52 89.24
2.54 89. 71
2. 53 88. 86
2.56 90. 87
2.57 93. 60
40.8
40.0
40.3
39.9
40.2
40.2
39.5
39.2
39.0
38.9
38.3
38.5
38.3
39.0
40.0
P r i m a r y refining of
aluminum
$95.34
103.68
102.82
101.66
106.93
106.13
107. 59
105. 20
106.13
106. 52
109.35
109. 89
109.62
110. 43
108.80
40.4
40.5
40.8
40.5
40.2
39.9
40.6
40.0
40.2
40.5
40.5
40.7
40.6
40.6
40.0
$2.36 $85.04
2.56 87.53
2.52 86.71
2.51 85.44
2.66 90.94
2.66 89.86
2.65 87.67
2. 63 89.76
2.64 89. 57
2.63 86.40
2. 70 85.24
2.70 85.24
2.70 87.60
2.72 85. 72
2.72 87.42
Miscellaneous primary metal
industries 2
$2.18 $100.14
2.28 100.85
2. 28 102.01
2.30 100.69
2.29 101.66
2.32 101.45
2.32 99.43
2.32 98.42
2.32 99. 31
2.32 98.30
2.33 96. 77
2.33 96. 90
2.32 96.14
2. 33 97.02
2. 34 101.14
41.9
40.5
41.3
40.6
40.5
40.1
39.3
38.9
39.1
38.7
38.1
38.0
37.7
37.9
39.2
Secondary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
42.1
40.9
40.9
40.3
42.1
41.6
40.4
40.8
40.9
40.0
39.1
39.1
40.0
39.5
40.1
$2.02 $93.38
2.14 95.51
2.12 95.88
2.12 94.24
2.16 95. 52
2.16 98.42
2.17 97.28
2.20 96.32
2.19 96.96
2.16 93.65
2.18 95.80
2.18 96.68
2.19 95.80
2.17 96.43
2.18 100. 44
I r o n a n d steel forgings
$2.39 $105.42
2.49 105.97
2.47 107.90
2.48 105. 52
2. 51 104. 52
2.53 103. 89
2. 53 102.43
2. 53 99.68
2.54 101. 52
2.54 100. 47
2. 54 98. 89
2. 55 99. 53
2. 55 97.94
2.56 98.58
2.58 101. 73
42.0
40.6
41.5
40.9
40.2
39.5
38.8
37.9
38.6
38.2
37.6
37.7
37.1
37.2
38.1
Rolling, drawing, and
alloying of nonferrous
metals 2
41.5
40.3
40.8
40.1
39.8
40.5
40.2
39.8
39.9
38.7
39.1
39.3
39.1
39.2
40.5
$2.25
2.37
2.35
2. 35
2.40
2.43
2.42
2.42
2. 43
2. 42
2.45
2.46
2.45
2.46
2.48
Wire drawing
$2.51 $96.83
2. 61 96. 63
2.60 97.23
2.58 94.56
2. 60 98.09
2.63 97.36
2.64 96.56
2.63 95.68
2.63 97. 76
2. 63 96. 04
2. 63 94.82
2.64 93.84
2. 64 91.26
2. 65 94.33
2. 67 99.20
42.1
40.6
41.2
39.9
40.7
40.4
39.9
39.7
39.9
39.2
38.7
38.3
37.4
38.5
40.0
$2.30
2.38
2.36
2.37
2.41
2.41
2.42
2.41
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.44
2.45
2.48
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)
Total: Fabricated
metal products
$2.31 $85.28
2.47 88.94
2.49 89.60
2. 51 89.13
2. 51 89.98
2. 54 91.91
2.52 90.35
2.52 90.32
2. 51 89.24
2. 53 87.25
2. 55 86.36
2. 56 87.42
2.55 87.14
2.57 88. 65
2.61 90.57
41.2
40.8
41.1
40.7
40.9
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.3
38.9
39.2
38.9
39.4
39.9
$2.07
2.18
2.18
2.19
2. 20
2.22
2. 22
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.27
Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies2
40.7 $2.05 $79.99
40.7
2.19 83. 95
40.6
2.17 83.77
40.4
2.19 81.90
40.8
2.19 84. 56
2.25 86.24
42.6
41.6
2.26 86.03
41.4
2.27 85.06
39.0
2.18 86. 55
2.21 86.07
38.6
38.6
2.21 84.97
2.22 85.41
38.3
37. 7 2.19 85.14
39.0
2.20 84. 75
39.7
2.23 87.07
See footnotes at end of table.
$2.22 $88.81
2.36 89. 91
2.34 90.83
2.36 91.13
2.41 90. 45
2. 42 91.94
2.43 89. 50
2.41 89.15
2.42 90. 05
2.42 88.70
2.44 89.15
2.43 88.98
2.42 88.31
2.43 87.42
2.43 88.70
Rolling, d r a w i n g ,
a n d alloying
of a l u m i n u m
Primary metal in
dustries—Continued
W e l d e d a n d heavyriveted p i p e
41.2
40.6
41.0
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.2
40.1
39.9
39.9
P r i m a r y smelting a n d
refining o f co pp er ,
lead, a n d zinc
39.6
39.6
39.7
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.2
39.2
39.7
39.3
38.8
39.0
38.7
38.7
39.4
Tin cans and other
tinware
$92. 20
96.88
97.90
101.76
99.64
97.34
96.00
98.17
101.19
96.23
98.42
100. 36
98. 74
102.59
105. 92
42.1
41.4
42.2
43.3
42.4
41.6
40.0
40.4
41.3
39.6
40.5
41.3
40.3
41.2
42.2
$2.19 $81.60
2.34 85.65
2.32 85.03
2.35 84.19
2.35 85.65
2.34 90.27
2. 40 89. 38
2.43 89. 57
2.45 83. 92
2.43 82. 99
2.43 82.56
2. 43 82.94
2.45 81.53
2.49 83. 21
2.51 85.28
Sanitary w a r e a n d
p l u m b e r s ’ supplies
$2. 02 $82. 68
2.12 86. 41
2.11 85. 97
2.10 85.53
2.13 88.36
2.14 88.58
2.14 87. 6£
2.17 90.06
2.18 90.06
2.19 90.39
2.19 89.24
2.19 87.94
2.20 86.94
2.19 86. 79
2.21 91.25
39.0
39.1
38. S
38.7
39.8
39.9
39.5
39.5
39.5
39. i
38.8
38.4
37.8
37.9
39.5
Cutlery, handtools,
and hardware 2
40.8
40.4
40.3
39.9
40.4
41.6
41.0
40.9
39.4
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.3
$2.00 $72.62
2.12 74. 77
2.11 74.77
2.11 73.42
2.12 73.82
2.17 75.39
2.18 76.17
2.19 76. 38
2.13 76.00
2.15 73.53
2.15 72. 58
2.16 74.11
2.14 75.26
2.15 75.85
2.17 75.46
Oil bu rners, no nelectrie heating a n d cooki n g a p p a r a t u s , no t
el se wh er e classified
$2.12 $79.00
2.21 82.58
2.21 82.80
2.21 80.55
2.22 82.97
2.22 85.46
2.22 85.46
2. 28 82.68
2.2É 84.77
2.3C 84.1C
2.30 82.64
2.2£ 84.1C
2.30 84. 07
2.29 83. 85
2.31 84.89
Cu t l e r y a n d ed ge tools
40.8
40.2
40.2
39.9
39.9
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.0
38.7
38.0
38.6
39.2
39.1
39.1
$1.78 $82.82
1.86 83.37
1.86 82.97
1.84 80.47
1.85 84.19
1.88 85.60
1.89 84. 96
1.90 85.39
1.90 85. 81
1.90 82. 82
1.91 82. 51
1.92 82. 99
1.92 82. 94
1.94 81.38
1.93 83. 49
Fabricated structural
metal products 2
39.9 $1.98 $87.57
2.08 92. 99
39.7
40. C 2.07 93.68
2.06 93. 63
39.1
39.7
2.09 94. 89
2.11 95.99
40.5
2.11 94.3£
40.5
39.0
2.12 93.02
2.13 93.71
39.8
2.11 91.71
39. £
38.8
2.13 89.83
2.14 91.08
39. Í
39.1
2.15 90. 46
2.15 91.54
39.0
2.16 93.73
39.3
Handtools
41.0
39.7
39.7
38.5
39.9
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.1
38.7
38.2
38.6
38.4
37.5
38.3
$2.02
2.10
2.09
2.09
2.11
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
St ru ct ur al steel a n d
ornamental metalwork
41.5 $2.11 $87. 57
41.7
2.23 94.73
42.2
2. 22 95. 67
2.24 95.37
41.8
41.8
2. 27 97.10
42.1
2.28 97. 98
2.2Í 96. 37
41.4
2.28 93. 89
40.8
41.1
2.28 94. 35
40.4
2.27 92.11
39.4
2.28 89.38
39. C 2.3( 91.31
2.2{ 90. 91
39.5
2.30 93.0£
39.8
2.32 94.25
40.4
41.5
42.1
42. £
42.2
42.4
42.6
41. £
41.0
41.2
40.4
39.2
39.7
39.7
40. i
40.8
$2.11
2.25
2.23
2.26
2.29
2.30
2.30
2.29
2. 29
2.28
2.28
2.30
2. 29
2.31
2.31
1059
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly, wkly.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
earn earn wkly.
ings hours ings
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings horns
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
M e t a l doors, sash,
frames, mo ld in g
a n d trim
1956: Average........... $84.85
1957: Average-------- 89.79
June................ 90.25
Ju ly ................ 90. 67
August--------- 92. 51
September___ 94.02
October_____
89.82
November___ 90.98
December....... 91.02
1958: January.......... 87.38
February........ 86.58
M arch............. 86.36
April------------ 84.86
M ay________ 87.52
June________ 88.03
40.6
41.0
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.6
40.1
40.8
41.0
39.9
39.0
38.9
38.4
39.6
39.3
$2.09 $87.98
2.19 92.77
2.18 91.10
2.19 92.35
2.24 93.15
2.26 94.95
2.24 94.85
2.23 92.80
2.22 93.25
2.19 93.43
2.22 91.94
2.22 92.97
2.21 92.73
2.21 90.17
2.24 93.77
Lighting fixtures
1956: Average........... $76.40
1957: Average........... 79.80
June................ 78.80
July— ............. 80.19
A ug u st.......... 80.00
September___ 82.62
October........... 82.19
November----- 82.80
December----- 78.16
1958: January........... 76.94
February-....... 75.75
March............. 74. 77
April............... 75. 75
M ay_______
78.13
June________ 79. 75
40.0
39.7
39.4
39.7
40.0
40.3
39.9
40.0
38.5
37.9
37.5
37.2
37.5
38.3
38.9
Boil er -s ho p p r o d u c t s
41.5
41.6
41.6
41.6
41.4
42.2
41.6
40.7
40.9
40.8
39.8
39.9
39.8
38.7
39.9
$2.12 $90. 52
2.23 93.56
2.19 94.92
2.22 94.85
2.25 94.62
2.25 95.40
2.28 94.12
2.28 92.97
2.28 95. 76
2.29 93.96
2.31 92.80
2.33 91.64
2.33 92.43
2. 33 95.24
2.35 97.00
Fabricated wire
products
$1.91 $80.75
2.01 82.21
2.00 82.42
2.02 81.18
2.00 82.40
2.05 84.03
2.06 82.16
2.07 82.39
2.03 82.59
2.03 81.33
2.02 79.90
2. 01 80.29
2.02 80.26
2.04 81.30
2.05 82.53
41.2
40.1
40.4
39.6
40.0
40.4
39.5
39.8
39.9
39.1
38.6
38.6
38.4
38.9
39.3
42.3
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.5
41.3
41.1
40.6
41.1
40.5
40.0
39.5
39.5
40.7
41.1
$2.14 $87.76
2.26 90.13
2.26 91.62
2.28 89.20
2.28 89. 91
2.31 92.70
2.29 90.72
2.29 93.02
2.33 89.33
2.32 87.08
2.32 87.46
2.32 89.89
2.34 90.68
2.34 92.40
2.36 93.03
Miscellaneous fab
ricated metal
products 2
$1.96 $86.09
2.05 89.01
2.04 89.02
2.05 89.01
2.06 88.99
2.08 89.40
2.08 89.79
2.07 88. 51
2.07 87.45
2.08 85.28
2.07 84.41
2.08 83. 71
2.09 81.75
2.09 83.22
2.10 85.36
42.2
41.4
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.2
41.0
40.6
40.3
39.3
38.9
38.4
37.5
38.0
38.8
Fabricated
metal
products
(except
ordnance, machin
ery & transportation
equipment)—Con.
Screw-machine
products
1956: Average........... $85.63
1957: Average-------- 87.99
June................ 87.36
Ju ly ................. 86.52
51
A u g u s t-........ 86.
September___ 87.34
87.53
October_____
November___ 86.46
December----- 86.69
1958: January........... 82.68
81.24
February------ 80.98
M arch______
79.76
April_______
M ay________ 79.76
82.01
June________
42.6
41.7
41.6
41.2
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.7
39.0
38.5
38.2
37.8
37.8
38.5
Trac to rs
1956: Average.......... $90.27
1957: Average........... 93.22
June................. 92.04
July— -------- 91.57
August--------- 88.92
September___ 94.95
October_____ 95.59
November___ 93.90
December----- 96.14
1958: January-------- 96.53
February------ 92.25
94.24
M arch........ .
April— ........— 98.21
M ay..... ........- 102.97
J u n e -...........- 97.50
40.3
39.5
39.5
39.3
38.0
39.4
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.4
37.5
38.0
39.6
40.7
39.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Metal stamping,
coating, and en
graving 2
S h ee t- me ta l w o r k
$2.04
2.15
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.18
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.19
2. 20
41.2
40.6
40.9
40.0
40.5
41.2
40.5
40.8
39.7
38.7
38.7
39.6
39.6
40.0
40.1
Vitreous-enameled
products
$2.13 $66.64
2.22 70.49
2.24 68.85
2.23 72.86
2.22 74.34
2.25 75.12
2. 24 76.31
2.28 69.36
2.25 70.07
2.25 66.60
2.26 68.26
2.27 74.34.
2.29 66.60
2.31 72.00
2.32 74. 82
M e t a l shipping
barrels, d r u m s , kegs,
a n d pails
$97.36
98.64
103. 53
103. 58
102.55
99.23
95.01
95.99
91.85
93.84
98.06
95.45
99. 54
101.59
105.00
42.7
41.1
43.5
42.8
42.2
40.5
39.1
39.5
37.8
38.3
39.7
38.8
40.3
40.8
42.0
39.2
39.6
38.9
41.4
41.3
41.5
41.7
37.9
38.5
36.0
37.1
40.4
36.0
38.5
39.8
$1.70 $91.94
1.78 93.84
1. 77 96.00
1.76 92.86
1.80 93.38
1.81 97.11
1.83 94.42
1.83 97.64
1.82 93.13
1.85 89. 71
1.84 90.71
1.84 93.85
1.85 96.00
1.87 97.69
1.88 97.93
41.0
40.6
41.5
40.3
41.0
40.6
39.6
39.3
38.7
38.2
38.0
37.1
37.7
36.9
38.5
41.6
40.8
41.2
40.2
40.6
41.5
40.7
41.2
39.8
38.5
38.6
39.6
40.0
40.2
40.3
$2.21
2.30
2.33
2.31
2.30
2.34
2.32
2.37
2.34
2.33
2.35
2.37
2.40
2.43
2. 43
Bolts, nuts,
washers, a n d
rivets
Steel sp r i n g s
$2.28 $90.61
2.40 95.41
2.38 97.94
2.42 94. 71
2.43 96.76
2.45 95.82
2.43 93.85
2.43 92. 75
2.43 91.72
2.45 90.15
2.47 89.68
2.46 87.93
2.47 88.60
2.49 86.72
2.50 91.25
Stamped and
pr e s s e d m e t a l
products
$2.21 $88. 41
2.35 91.08
2.36 89.82
2.35 90.45
2.36 90. 39
2.36 91.88
2.37 92.70
2.36 92.48
2.37 89.47
2. 36 87.91
2.36 84. 64
2.37 83.25
2.35 78.59
2.35 81.54
2. 37 84.38
42.3
41.4
41.2
41.3
40.9
41.2
41.2
41.1
40.3
39.6
38.3
37.5
35.4
36.4
37.5
$2.09
2.20
2.18
2.19
2.21
2.23
2.25
2.25
2.22
2.22
2.21
2.22
2.22
2.24
2.25
Machinery (except electrical)
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
$2.01 $93.26
2.11 94.30
2.10 94.53
2.10 93.61
2.11 93.15
2.12 94.42
2.14 93. 67
2.14 92.50
2.13 94.30
2.12 92.90
2.11 92.12
2.12 93.22
2.11 92. 75
2.11 93.38
2.13 93.85
42.2
41.0
41.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.6
$2.21
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.32
2.33
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.36
2.37
2.37
Agricultural
m a
chin er y (except trac
tors)
$2.24 $82.37
2.36 89.20
2.33 90.72
2.33 89.47
2.34 88.98
2.41 91.71
2.42 89.44
2.42 89.60
2.44 92.92
2.45 92.63
2.46 93.03
2.48 95.47
2.48 93.26
2.53 93.50
2.50 93.90
39.6
40.0
40.5
40.3
39.9
40.4
39.4
39.3
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.8
40.2
40.3
40.3
S t e a m engines, tur
bines, a n d
water
wheels
Engines and
turbines 2
$95.45
99. 55
100.53
98.98
98.25
100. 60
100. 40
102.31
103.32
100.50
100.50
102.16
100.00
99.75
102. 66
41.5
40.8
41.2
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.0
40.6
41.0
40.2
40.2
40.7
40.0
39.9
40.1
$2.30 $101.33
2. 44 113.05
2.44 112.99
2.45 114.70
2.45 111.04
2.49 109. 59
2. 51 112.75
2.52 116. 60
2.52 117.02
2.50 103.88
2.50 104.68
2. 51 105.06
2.50 106.27
2.50 106.93
2.56 109.34
Construction and
mining machinery2
$2.08 $92.23
2.23 92.84
2.24 93.34
2.22 91.94
2.23 92.16
2.27 93.61
2.27 91.25
2.28 89.70
2.30 91.87
2.31 90.94
2.32 89.47
2.34 89.24
2.32 89.24
2.32 89.94
2.33 89.71
42.6
40.9
41.3
40.5
40.6
40.7
39.5
39.0
39.6
39.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.6
38.5
41.7
42.5
42.8
42.8
41.9
41.2
41.3
42.4
42.4
39.2
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.9
40.2
$2.43 $94.21
2.66 95. 51
2.64 96.87
2.68 93.85
2.65 94.01
2.66 97. 44
2. 73 96.62
2. 75 97.60
2.76 98.82
2.65 99.23
2.65 98.98
2.68 101.11
2.67 98.00
2.68 97.36
2.72 100.25
Construction a n d m i n
i n g m a c h i n e r y , except
oilfield m a c h i n e r y
$2.17 $92.01
2.27 92.39
2.26 92.89
2.27 91.25
2.27 91.25
2.30 92.46
2.31 89.93
2.30 88.62
2.32 90.16
2.32 90.09
2.33 88.39
2.33 89.01
2.33 89.32
2.33 90.40
2.33 90.64
42.4
40.7
41.1
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.1
38.7
39.2
39.0
38.1
38.2
38.5
38.8
38.9
Di es el a n d other i n
ternal-combustion
engines, n o t else
w h e r e classified
41.5
40.3
40.7
39.6
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.0
40.5
40.5
40.4
41.1
40.0
39.9
40.1
$2.27 $86.80
2.37 91.31
2.38 91.60
2.37 90.74
2.38 89.08
2.43 93.37
2.44 92.83
2.44 92.04
2.44 94. 56
2.45 94.49
2. 45 92.73
2. 46 94.95
2.45 95.76
2.44 98.01
2.50 95.68
Oilfield m a c h i n e r y
a n d tools
$2.17 $92.45
2.27 93.75
2.26 93.60
2.27 93. 34
2.27 94.43
2.30 97.02
2.30 94.13
2.29 92.50
2.30 95.18
2.31 92.90
2.32 91.26
2.33 89. 71
2.32 88.22
2.33 88.92
2.33 87.38
42.8
41.3
41.6
41.3
41.6
42.0
40.4
39.7
40.5
39.7
39.0
38.5
37.7
38.0
37.5
Agricultural machin
ery and tractors 2
40.0
39.7
40.0
39.8
38.9
39.9
39.5
39.0
39.9
39.7
38.8
39.4
39.9
40.5
39.7
$2.17
2.30
2.29
2.28
2.29
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.41
2.40
2.42
2.41
Metalworking
m achinery2
$2.16 $108.69
2.27 106. 57
2.25 108.68
2.26 106.00
2.27 103.42
2.31 103. 75
2.33 100.19
2.33 99.10
2.35 101.91
2.34 99.90
2.34 101.09
2.33 103. 72
2.34 104.00
2.34 103.10
2.33 102.05
45.1
42.8
43.3
42.4
41.7
41.5
40.4
39.8
40.6
39.8
39.8
40.2
40.0
39.5
39.4
$2.41
2.49
2. 51
2.50
2.48
2.50
2.48
2.49
2. 51
2. 51
2. 54
2.58
2.60
2. 61
2.59
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1060
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—-Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn earn hours earn
ings
ings
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Year and month
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Metalworking
mach inery (except m a chine tools)
M a c h i n e tools
1956: Average_____ $106.02
1957: Average_____ 100.86
June________ 102.00
97.17
Ju ly ________
August______ 97. 58
September___ 97. 61
96.24
October_____
November___ 94.23
95.92
December___
1958: January_____ 93.06
February____ 89. 77
90.92
M arch. I ____
April________ 89.49
M ay___ ___ _ 88. 67
June___ -____ 89. 76
45.7
42.2
42.5
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.1
39.1
39.8
39.1
38.2
38.2
37.6
37.1
37.4
$2.32 $97.41
2.39 99.42
2.40 99.25
2.37 100.26
2.38 99.29
2. 41 102. 72
2.40 97.69
2.41 96.87
2.41 98.49
2.38 95.69
2.35 95.20
2.38 95.84
2.38 96. 61
2.39 93.61
2.40 95.23
P a p e r- in du st ri es
machinery
1956: Average........... $97. 65
1957: Average_____ 96.78
June________ 94.16
July................. 92.88
August______ 92. 02
September___ 94.83
94.18
October_____
November___ 91.98
December___ 96.14
1958: January........... 90.03
February____ 87.20
M arch______
87.16
86.24
April_______
M ay..... ........... 89.20
June................ 88.75
46.5
44.6
44.0
43.4
42.6
43.5
43.2
.42.0
43.5
41.3
40.0
39.8
39.2
40.0
39.8
1956: Average........... $90. 49
1957: Average_____ 89. 78
June................. 90. 50
Ju ly .-.............. 90.85
August—......... 90..90
September___ 92.69
October_____ 90. 46
November___ 88. 46
December___ 90.23
1958: January_____ 89.77
February____ 88. 86
March______
89.32
April—............ 90. 48
M ay________ 91.34
June................ 90.40
41.7
39.9
40.4
40.2
40.4
40.3
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.2
38.3
38.5
39.0
39.2
38.8
1956: Average........... $86. 24
1957: Average_____ 87.30
June________ 86. 07
J u ly ............... 86. 51
August______ 87. 07
September___ 89.82
October_____
90. 74
November___ 87.46
December....... 87. 58
1958: January........... 89.50
February____ 86.78
March. .
89.01
April
85.88
M ay___ ____
89.21
June................ 90.97
40.3
39.5
39.2
39.5
39.1
40.1
39.8
38.7
39.1
39.6
38.1
39.1
38.0
39.3
39.9
See footnotes at endof table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
43.7
41.8
41.1
41.1
39.6
40.8
41.3
41.0
40.9
40.7
40.2
41.3
40.7
40.2
40.3
$2. 35
2.39
2.38
2.39
2.33
2.38
2.40
2. 41
2.41
2. 43
2.42
2.42
2. 42
2.43
2.43
powerMechanical
t r a n s m i s s i o n eq ui pment
$2.17 $95.02
2.25 94. 53
2.24 94.12
2.26 92.92
2. 25 93.89
2.30 94.71
2. 29 93. 96
2.28 93.83
2.29 93.60
2.29 92.20
2.32 90.24
2.32 91.26
2.32 89.94
2.33 90.17
2.33 90.56
Service-industry and
household m achines3
$2. 26 $115.12
2.39 112.67
2.38 116.33
2. 41 113.10
2. 41 108.03
2. 44 107. 68
2.43 103.38
2.44 102. 77
2.45 106.30
2.46 105. 56
2.46 109.06
2.47 112.74
2.49 113. 30
2.47 113.58
2.48 110.30
Printing-trades m a chin er y a n d eq ui pment
$2.10 $102.70
2.17 99.90
2.14 97. 82
2.14 98.23
2.16 92.27
2.18 97.10
2.18 99.12
2.19 98.81
2.21 98. 57
2.18 98.90
2.18 97. 28
2.19 99.95
2.20 98.49
2.23 97.69
2.23 97.93
Industrial trucks,
tractors, etc.
43.1
41.6
41.7
41.6
41.2
42.1
40.2
39.7
40.2
38.9
38.7
38.8
38.8
37.9
38.4
42.8
41.1
41.1
40.4
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.1
40.0
39.4
38.4
39.0
38.6
38.7
38.7
45.5
43.5
44.4
43.5
42.2
41.9
40.7
40.3
41.2
40.6
41.0
41.6
41.5
41.3
40.7
$92. 65
92.89
92.48
92.62
92.84
94. 99
93.38
92. 23
94.19
91.48
89. 86
90.32
90.32
90.94
92.27
42.5
41.1
41.1
40.8
40.9
41.3
40.6
40.1
40.6
39.6
38.9
39.1
39.1
39.2
39.6
40.7 $2.20 $81.34
2.27 83.84
39.0
2.24 79. 7£
39.4
2.24 86. 52
40.0
2.25 83. 4S
39.1
42.1
2.37 87. 99
41. É 2.36 87. 57
2.32 86.30
37.9
2.28 85. Of
36.7
2.30 82. 5!
38.6
2.34 79. 07
38. c
2.2! 80.3!
39.0
2.34 79.55
36.7
38.4
2.38 79.59
2.38 86.22
39.6
42.4
41.0
40.9
40.7
40.4
41.4
40.5
39.6
40.1
39.1
38.8
39.0
39.2
39.4
40.0
41.2
40.1
39.6
39.9
39.7
40.1
39.8
39.8
39.8
38.7
39.0
39.2
39.4
39.3
40.0
$2.19
2.25
2. 26
2.24
2.25
2.27
2.29
2.32
2.32
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.33
2.32
2.34
41.9
41.0
41.3
41.0
40.7
41.1
40.8
39.9
40.6
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.7
43.0
41.6
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.4
41.2
39.6
39.0
38.7
38.7
38.8
39.2
41.4
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.2
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.2
40.0
40.3
40.6
40.2
40.0
40.6
41.0 $2.17 $86.22
40. C 2.23 87.64
40.1
2. 23 86. 41
2.24 86.24
40.3
2. 24 87.61
40.5
2. 21 88. 48
40.0
39.5
2.2S 89. 93
2.28 86.94
41.0
2.29 88.82
40.7
2.25 91.60
39.5
39.5
2. 26 87.17
39. Î
2.26 90. 52
39.2
2.26 86.26
37.9
2.27 90. 74
2.27 91.4S
38.7
$1.85
1.91
1.91
1. 91
1.91
1.91
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.94
1.95
41.8
40.5
40.8
40.2
40.5
40.9
40.2
39.8
41.0
39.3
38.8
39.2
39.3
39.3
40.0
$2.07
2.16
2.15
2.19
2.14
2.23
2.20
2.20
2.19
2.21
2.21
2.20
2.19
2.24
2.22
Typewriters •
$2.32 $82.60
2.42 76.64
2.44 75.08
2. 43 74.31
2. 42 75.66
2. 46 75.27
2. 48 78.01
2. 50 78. 41
2. 49 79.20
2.48 70. 56
2.51 67. 82
2. 52 70.40
2.51 73.09
2.60 74.84
2.53 80.00
Refrigerators a n d airco nd it io ni ng units
41.4
40.6
40.8
40.6
40.4
39.9
40.8
39.8
40.7
39.9
39.2
38.5
38.0
37.6
37.9
Bl ow er s, exhaust a n d
ventilating f a n s
$2.27 $86. 53
2.37 87. 48
2.33 87. 72
2.36 88.04
2. 41 86. 67
2. 41 91. 21
2.40 88.44
2.39 87. 56
2.43 89. 79
2.40 86.85
2. 39 85. 75
2.39 86.24
2. 39 86.07
2. 40 88. 03
2. 41 88.80
C o m p u t i n g machines
a n a c a s h registers
$96.05
98.01
97.60
99.14
97.28
99.38
98. 95
100.25
100.10
99.20
101.15
102.31
100. 90
100.00
102.72
Textile m a c h i n e r y
$2.14 $76.59
2. 22 77. 55
2.22 77.93
2. 23 77. 55
2.24 77.16
2.25 76. 21
2. 25 78.74
2.25 76. 81
2.26 78.14
2. 27 76. 61
2. 27 75.26
2.28 73.92
2. 27 72. 96
2.27 72. 94
2.30 73.91
C o n v e y o r s a n d conveying e q u i p m e n t
$2.13 $97. 61
2.20 98.59
2. 21 96. 93
2. 20 97.70
2. 20 99.29
2.24 100.02
2.24 98.64
2.23 96. 56
2.24 100.12
2.24 95.04
2.24 93.21
2.24 92.49
2.26 92. 49
2.25 93.12
2.27 94.47
S e w i n g machines
41.5 $1.96 $88.97
41.3
2. OS 89.20
2.02 89. 42
39.5
42. C 2.06 90.27
2.06 90. 72
40.5
41.9
2.10 88.40
41.7
2. It 88.0!
40.9
2.11 93.48
2.09 93.20
40.7
39.9
2.07 88.88
38.2
2.07 89. 27
2.11 89. 72
38.1
2.11 88. 59
37.7
2.10 86.03
37.9
2.15 87.85
40.1
Food-products m a c h i n cry
$2.10 $89.67
2.17 91.02
2.16 91.69
2.18 91.43
2.17 91.17
2.19 92.48
2.20 91.80
2.20 89.78
2.20 91.76
2. 21 91.03
2. 21 91.03
2.22 91.88
2.22 91.48
2. 23 91.25
2.24 93.61
Office and store machines and devices3
$2.17 $90.23
2. 23 90.23
2.26 89. 50
2.28 89.38
2.28 89.33
2. 35 91.03
2. 35 91.14
2. 32 92.34
2.35 92.34
2. 33 89. 78
2.31 90.87
2.31 91.73
2.32 91.80
2.31 91.18
2.35 93.60
C o m m e r c i a l laundry,
and
dry-cleaning
pr es s i n g m a c h i n e s
42.8
41.5
41.5
41.2
41.0
41.2
41.2
40.4
40.9
40.1
39.6
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.4
P u m p s , air a n d gas
compressors
$2.18 $90. 31
2. 26 90.20
2. 25 90.39
2. 27 89. 54
2. 27 88. 88
2. 30 92.74
2. 30 90. 72
2. 30 88. 31
2.32 89.82
2.31 87. 58
2. 31 86.91
2.31 87.36
2. 31 88. 59
2.32 88.65
2.33 90.80
Mechanical
stokers
a n d Industrial furn a c e s a n d ov en s
41.8
41.3
41.9
39.8
41.4
42.4
41.7
40.8
41.2
40.0
39.0
39.2
39.4
38.3
39.2
Special-industry machinery
(except
metalworking machinery) *
$2.53 $89.88
2.59 90.06
2.62 89.64
2. 60 89.82
2.56 88.97
2. 57 90. 23
2.54 90.64
2. 55 88.88
2. 58 89. 98
2.60 88.62
2.66 87. 52
2. 71 87.69
2.73 87. 25
2.75 87.64
2.71 88.26
General industrial
machinery 2
$2.22 $90. 71
2.30 94.16
2. 29 94.69
2.30 90.74
2. 29 94.39
2.31 99.64
2.32 98.00
2.34 94.66
2.34 96.82
2.34 93.20
2.35 90. 09
2.34 90. 55
2.33 91.41
2.33 88.47
2.34 92.12
Domestic laundry
equipment
$2.14 $89. 54
2. 21 88.53
2.19 88.26
2.19 89.60
2. 21 87.9S
2.24 99.78
2.28 98. 65
2.26 87.93
2.24 83.68
2.26 88. 78
2.26 89. 62
2. 26 89. 31
2.26 85.88
2.27 91.39
2.28 94.25
M a c h i n e - t o o l accessories
41.3
39.3
38.9
38.5
39.0
38.6
39.8
39.6
39.8
36.0
34.6
36.1
37.1
37.8
39.8
$2.00
1.95
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.98
1.99
1.96
1.96
1.95
1.97
1.98
2.01
Miscellaneous machinery p a rts 3
40.1 $2.15 $89.87
39.3
2.23 91.62
39.1
2. 21 91.58
39.2
2.20 91.53
39. S 2.2S 91. IS
2.24 91.53
39.5
39.1
2.3C 91.88
2. 27 91. 37
38.3
39.3
2.26 92.75
2.29 90. 52
40.0
38.4
2.27 90.23
2. 2Í 90. 85
39.7
2.27 90. 62
38. (
39.8
2.28 91.01
2. 28 92.73
40.1
41.8
40.9
40.7
40.5
40.5
40.5
40. i
39.9
40.5
39.7
39.4
39.5
39. t
39.4
39.8
$2.15
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.25
2.26
2.28
2.29
2.29
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.33
0.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
1061
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Fa br i c a t e d pipe, fit
tings, a n d valves
1956: Average........... $88.99
1957: Average........... 91.13
June................ 90.32
July— ............. 89.20
August............ 89.82
September___ 91.71
October........... 91.64
November___ 92.63
December___ 95.35
1958: January_____ 92.57
February........ 90.94
M arch............. 90. 55
90.48
April............
M ay................ 89.63
June................ 91.41
41.2
40.5
40.5
40.0
40.1
40.4
39.8
40.1
41.1
39.9
39.2
39.2
39.0
38.8
39.4
$2.16 $89.01
2.25 89.15
2.23 88.48
2.23 89. 55
2.24 88.70
2.27 89.27
2.30 88.76
2.31 87.94
2.32 88.08
2.32 87.62
2.32 87.78
2.31 88.17
2.32 87.48
2.31 87.63
2.32 89.47
C a r b o n a n d graphite
p r o d u c t s (electrical)
1956: Average_____ $84.46
1957: Average.......... 84.80
June................ 84.23
July— ........... 84.77
August............ 85.20
September___ 84.35
October........... 82.68
November___ 84.71
December....... 82.47
1958: January_____ 83.50
February........ 82.60
M arch............. 82.35
April................ 82.60
M ay........... .
84.20
June................ 85.63
41.2
40.0
40.3
39.8
40.0
39.6
38.1
39.4
38.9
39.2
38.6
38.3
38.6
38.8
39.1
Electrical
appliances
1956: Average_____ $80.60
1957: Average........... 83.10
June________ 82.43
July................. 82.08
August______ 82.47
September___ 83.10
October_____ 83. 74
November___ 83.92
December___ 84.63
1958: January........... 83.60
February____ 84.42
M arch______
83. 44
April________ 81. 81
M ay................ 82.28
June................ 82.40
39.9
39.2
38.7
38.9
38.9
39.2
39.5
39.4
39.0
38.0
38.2
38.1
37.7
37.4
37.8
R a d i o tubes
1956: Average........... $67.25
1957: Average_____ 70.23
June................ 71.89
July................. 67.86
August............ 72.98
September___ 74.59
71.80
October_____
November___ 69.93
71.24
December___
1958: January_____ 71.61
February........ 71.43
71.06
M arch______
April................ 72.96
M ay................ 72.94
June................ 74.67
39.1
38.8
39.5
37.7
40.1
40.1
38.6
37.8
38.3
38.5
38.2
38.0
38.4
38.8
39.3
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B a l l a n d roller
bearings
41.4
39.8
39.5
39.8
39.6
39.5
39.1
38.4
38.8
38.6
38.5
38.5
38.2
38.1
38.9
$2.05 $80.16
2.12 81.61
2.09 83.03
2.13 81.81
2.13 81.80
2.13 82. 61
2.17 82.00
2.15 83.02
2.12 81.58
2.13 80.96
2.14 81.12
2.15 82.32
2.14 82.08
2.17 83.28
2.19 85. 57
40.9
40.2
40.9
40.3
40.1
40.1
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.3
39.0
39.2
38.9
39.1
39.8
43.0
41.5
42.2
41.3
41.3
42.1
41.1
40.6
40.8
39.9
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.1
41.3
$1.72 $95.24
1.81 94.39
1.82 94.81
1.80 85.91
1.82 91.03
1.86 91.76
1.86 90.12
1.85 93.38
1.86 92. 75
1.86 92.27
1.87 92.04
1.87 91.80
1.90 92.59
1.88 93.22
1.90 93.69
42.9
41.4
41.4
38.7
40.1
40.6
39.7
40.6
40.5
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.5
39.7
41.3
40.6
40.6
40.9
41.1
40.8
40.6
40.4
40.6
39.6
39.7
39.6
39.0
39.5
39.7
40.2
39.2
38.9
38.9
39.3
39.6
39.0
38.8
38.8
38.4
38.0
37.8
37.4
37.3
38.9
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.3
40.7
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.0
39.9
39.4
39.6
39.8
39.5
40.0
40.8
40.1
40.4
39.7
40.2
40.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.6
42.2
40.6
40.7
40.9
40.8
40.4
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.6
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.8
40.8
39.7
39.4
39.2
39.5
39.9
39.6
39.5
38.8
39.1
38.8
38.6
39.0
38.7
38.6
$1.92 $87.12
2.02 90.09
2.00 89.42
2.00 87.86
2.02 92.25
2.04 93.94
2.06 94.35
2.05 91.03
2.07 89.44
2.07 88.53
2.08 87.48
2.09 89. 86
2.09 89.32
2.09 90.09
2.08 92.40
40.9
40.4
40.1
39.4
41.0
41.2
41.2
40.1
39.4
39.0
38.2
38.9
38.5
39.0
40.0
42.0
41.2
41.4
41.2
41.2
41.4
40.4
40.1
41.0
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.4
39.4
39.9
40.4
39.8
40.4
39.1
40.0
40.0
39.0
39.0
39.2
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.8
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.4
39.8
39.7
39.2
39.1
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.7
40.1
40.7
39.6
39.9
39.3
39.1
39.4
38.8
39.3
39.3
39.0
38.4
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.6
$1.87
1.94
1.94
1.96
1.93
1.95
1.97
1.99
1.99
1.98
1.98
2.00
1.99
2.00
2.01
Electrical w e l d i n g
apparatus
$2.15 $101.68
2.26 96.28
2.25 99.53
2.25 91. 71
2.26 99.12
2.28 95.91
2.29 94.37
2.32 92.73
2.35 92.17
2.33 91.71
2.31 88.01
2.33 86.48
2.32 87.55
2.32 88.39
2.33 89.94
44.4
41.5
42.9
39.7
42.0
41.7
40.5
39.8
39.9
39.7
38.1
37.6
37.9
38.1
38.6
$2.29
2.32
2.32
2.31
2.36
2.30
2.33
2.33
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
Radios, ph onographs,
television sets, a n d
equipment
$1.88 $72.98
1.97 75.83
1.97 76.97
1.94 75.24
1.95 76.00
1.96 76.02
1.97 74.30
1.99 75.08
2.01 76.64
2.04 77.40
2.05 78.98
2.05 79.39
2.07 79.78
2.06 79.98
2.08 82.21
P r i m a r y batteries
(dry a n d w e t )
$2.13 $64.48
2.23 68.00
2.23 67.43
2.23 66.59
2.25 67.66
2.28 67.49
2.29 67.82
2.27 67.64
2.27 68.63
2.27 69.03
2.29 69.83
2.31 69.48
2.32 70.05
2.31 70.67
2.31 70.98
W i r i n g devices
a n d su pp l i e s
$2.10 $76.11
2.19 76.82
2.18 77.41
2.19 77.03
2.19 75.46
2.21 76.83
2.23 76.44
2.24 78.21
2.25 78.21
2.23 77.22
2.23 76.03
2.25 77.80
2.24 77.41
2.25 78.00
2.26 77.59
Communication
equipm ent1
$1.84 $75.95
1.93 78.41
1.92 79.59
1.90 75.85
1.92 78.00
1.96 78.40
1.98 76.83
2.00 77.61
1.99 78.79
2.01 79.15
2.00 79.95
2.01 80.16
2.01 80.94
2.01 80.96
2.04 82.78
Stor ag e batteries
41.5
40.5
40.8
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.1
39.3
39.5
Swit ch ge ar ,
s w it ch
board, a n d i n d u s
trial controls
$2.20 $90.30
2.30 93.11
2.28 93.15
2.30 92.70
2.29 93.11
2.30 94.39
2.31 92.52
2.32 93.03
2.33 96.35
2.29 92.73
2.32 91.94
2.33 92.50
2.33 91.41
2.33 91.41
2.33 92.97
Electric lamps
$2.10 $75.07
2.19 76.62
2.20 75.65
2.20 74.48
2.20 75.84
2.22 78.20
2.22 78.41
2.23 79.00
2.23 77.21
2.24 78.59
2.25 77.60
2.28 77.59
2.26 78.39
2.27 77.79
2.29 78.74
Electrical generat
ing, transmission,
distribution, and
industrial appara
tus *
$1.98 $87.15
2.07 88.70
2.06 88.94
2.05 88.70
2.06 88. 91
2.07 89.73
2.08 89.20
2.10 89.60
2.11 90.45
2.12 88.09
2.13 87.64
2.14 88.65
2.14 87.58
2.14 88.43
2.15 89.27
P o w e r a n d distribu
tion tr an s f o r m e r s
$2.20 $92. 84
2.31 93.38
2.31 92.80
2.31 94.07
2.33 93.43
2.36 92.92
2.39 91.25
2.39 92.34
2.38 92.50
2.35 90.46
2.37 91.87
2.37 92.97
2.36 92.50
2.38 92.73
2.39 92.73
Miscellaneous
electrical
productss
$2.22 $78.34
2.28 81.61
2.29 80.80
2.22 80.60
2.27 82.21
2.26 83.23
2.27 83.22
2.30 82.82
2.29 82.80
2.33 82.59
2.33 81.95
2.33 82.76
2.35 83.18
2.36 82.56
2.36 83.20
Total: Electrical
machinery
$2.14 $80. 78
2.24 83.01
2.26 83.22
2.27 81.39
2.25 82. 81
2.26 83.21
2.27 81.95
2.28 82.95
2.28 83. 56
2.27 82.89
2.28 83.07
2.29 83.67
2.30 83.46
2.31 83.67
2.34 85.14
Electrical equipment
for vehicles
$1.97 $84.42
2.05 85.85
2.04 85. 58
2.05 85.58
2.07 86.46
2.05 87.91
2.05 86.58
2.07 86.52
2. 04 86.52
2.05 86.02
2.04 85.50
2.04 86.18
2.04 84.52
2.04 84.67
2.08 89.08
T e l e p h o n e , telegraph,
a n d related e q u i p
ment
42.2
41.5
41.2
41.0
41.1
40.9
41.1
40.4
40.8
40.1
39.8
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.4
Motors,
generators,
and
mo tor-genera
tor sets
$1.96 $90.86
2.03 93.79
2.03 93.79
2.03 94.48
2.04 95.76
2.06 96.29
2.05 97.03
2.06 96.56
2.06 96.63
2.06 93.06
2.08 94.09
2.10 93.85
2.11 92.04
2.13 94.01
2.15 94.88
Insulated wire and
cable
$2.02 $84.71
2.12 85.08
2.13 86.09
2.11 84. 67
2.12 85.49
2.12 86.31
2.12 84.26
2.13 84.04
2.17 83.23
2.20 81.80
2.21 81.60
2.19 82.42
2.17 82.42
2.20 81.80
2.18 85.90
M a c h i n e s h o p s (Job
a n d repair )
$2.15 $90.31
2.24 92.96
2.24 93.11
2.25 93.07
2.24 92.48
2.26 92.43
2.27 93.30
2.29 92.11
2.27 93.02
2.27 91.03
2.28 90.74
2.29 91.60
2.29 92.23
2.30 92.86
2.30 94. 54
Electrical indicating,
m e a s u r i n g , a n d re
cord in g i n s t r u m e n t s
Electrical machinery
40.1
39.7
40.3
39.6
40.0
39.8
38.9
38.9
39.1
38.7
39.1
39.3
39.3
39.4
40.1
$1.82
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.93
1.96
2.00
2.02
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.05
X - r a y a n d nonradio
electronic tubes
$1.62 $87.53
1.70 89. 47
1.69 89.06
1.69 92.48
1.70 90.68
1.70 89.60
1.73 90.97
1.73 92.11
1.72 91.76
1.73 91.71
1.75 90.57
1.75 91.60
1.76 91.66
1.78 92.40
1.77 93.32
40.9
40.3
40.3
41.1
40.3
40.0
39.9
40.4
40.6
40.4
39.9
40.0
40.2
40.0
40.4
$2.14
2.22
2.21
2.25
2.25
2.24
2.28
2.28
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.29
2.28
2.31
2.31
1062
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Total: Transporta
tion equipment
1956:
1957:
1958:
Average...........
Average...........
June________
July.................
August..........
September___
October_____
November___
December___
January-------February........
M a rc h ..____
April_______
M ay................
June________
$9 4 .4 8
9 7 .3 6
9 6 .2 4
9 5 .4 4
9 7 .0 4
9 7 .2 7
9 7 . 57
1 0 1 .5 0
9 9 .7 0
9 5 .4 5
9 4 .9 6
9 7 .3 2
9 7 .0 7
9 8 .8 5
1 0 0 .1 5
4 0 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .1
3 9 .6
4 0 .1
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .2
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .7
3 9 .9
$2 .3 1
$ 9 4 .7 1
2 .4 1
2 .4 0
2 . 41
2 .4 2
2 .4 5
2 .4 7
2 . 50
2 .4 8
2 .4 6
2 .4 6
2 . 47
2 .4 7
2 .4 9
2 . 51
9 8 .4 0
9 7 .4 2
9 4 .9 6
9 8 . 55
9 9 .0 4
9 9 .1 8
1 0 7 .6 8
1 0 0 .6 5
9 2 .5 0
9 2 .5 0
9 5 . 75
9 6 .0 0
9 7 .6 4
9 8 .1 4
Airc ra ft
1 956 :
1957:
1 958 :
Average_____
Average-------June________
July.................
August--------September___
October_____
November___
December___
January...........
February____
March______
April--............
M ay________
June................
$ 9 4 .8 9
9 5 .6 5
9 2 .9 7
9 3 .1 3
9 5 .0 4
9 4 .8 0
9 5 .2 0
9 5 .5 2
9 7 .5 3
9 8 .4 9
9 7 .5 3
9 8 .4 2
9 7 .6 9
1 0 1 .0 9
103 . 63
4 1 .8
4 0 .7
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
Motor vehicles and
equipm ent2
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
3 8 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
4 1 .9
4 0 .1
3 7 .3
3 7 .3
3 8 .3
3 8 .4
3 8 .9
3 9 .1
$ 2 .3 5 $ 9 5 .9 1
2 . 46
9 9 .8 5
2 . 46
9 8 .6 0
2 .4 6
2 . 47
2 .5 2
2 . 53
2 . 57
2 . 51
2 .4 8
2 .4 8
2 .5 0
2 .5 0
2 . 51
2 . 51
A i rc ra ft e n gi ne s
a n d parts
$2 .2 7
$ 9 6 .9 0
2 .3 5
2 .3 3
2 .3 4
2 .3 7
2 .3 7
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .4 2
2 .4 2
2 .4 2
2 .4 3
2 .4 3
2 .4 9
2 . 54
9 8 .2 3
9 6 .7 6
9 6 .2 9
9 6 .1 6
9 5 .1 1
9 6 .7 8
9 7 .1 7
1 0 0 .6 5
9 9 .0 0
9 9 .7 5
1 0 0 .9 0
1 0 0 .4 0
100 . 55
1 0 3 .1 2
4 2 .5
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
3 9 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
4 0 .1
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .6
M o t o r vehicles, bodies,
parts, a n d accessories
$ 2 .2 8
2 .3 9
2 .3 6
2 .3 6
2 .4 1
2 .4 2
2 . 45
2 .4 6
2 . 51
2 .5 0
2 .5 0
2 .5 1
2 . 51
2 .5 2
2 .5 4
9 6 .5 0
1 0 0 .1 5
1 0 0 .7 4
100 . 74
1 1 0 .1 4
1 0 2 .1 1
9 3 .3 7
9 3 .3 7
9 7 .2 8
9 7 . 54
9 8 . 94
9 9 .2 0
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
3 9 .6
3 8 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
4 2 .2
4 0 .2
3 7 .2
3 7 .2
3 8 .3
3 8 .4
3 8 .8
3 8 .9
$2 .3 8
$8 1 .6 1
2 .4 9
2 .4 9
2 .5 0
2 . 51
2 . 57
2 . 57
2 . 61
2 . 54
2 . 51
2 . 51
2 .5 4
2 . 54
2 . 55
2 . 55
8 4 .5 6
8 3 .3 5
8 4 .8 0
8 7 . 26
8 5 .7 9
8 2 .9 4
8 3 .8 1
8 6 .3 3
8 6 .8 0
8 5 .0 2
8 6 .1 1
8 5 .0 2
8 6 .9 4
8 8 .0 4
A i rc ra ft propellers
a n d pa rt s
$9 6 .9 3
9 7 . 76
9 6 .1 2
9 5 .8 8
9 8 .2 9
9 7 .2 3
9 8 . 77
9 8 . 77
101 . 76
9 7 .5 8
9 8 .3 6
9 4 .7 1
9 5 .9 9
9 4 . 71
9 5 .1 1
4 2 .7
4 1 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .5
4 1 .5
4 2 .4
4 1 .0
4 1 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
Trailers (truck a n d
au to mo bi le )
T r u c k a n d bus
bodies
4 0 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
3 8 .4
3 8 .8
3 9 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
3 9 .7
4 0 .2
$2 .0 2
$ 8 2 . 59
2 .1 3
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 6
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
2 .1 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
2 .1 9
8 1 .3 5
8 3 .0 1
8 0 .1 1
8 3 .8 2
8 5 .2 8
8 5 .6 8
7 6 . 84
8 1 .0 9
7 8 .1 7
77 . 54
8 0 .6 0
7 9 .8 0
8 3 .7 9
8 6 .9 2
Ot h e r aircraft pa rt s
an d equipment
$ 2 .2 7
$ 9 8 .0 1
2 .3 5
2 .3 5
2 .3 5
2 .3 8
2 .3 6
2 .3 8
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .3 8
2 .3 7
2 .3 5
2 .3 7
2 .3 5
2 .3 6
9 9 .7 8
1 0 0 .0 6
9 9 .3 0
9 9 .0 7
9 9 .8 4
9 7 .7 5
9 8 .0 9
1 0 0 .6 7
1 0 0 .4 3
9 9 .6 3
100 . 53
1 0 0 .2 8
1 0 0 .2 8
103 . 25
4 2 .8
4 2 .1
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 1 .8
4 1 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
4 1 .6
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
3 9 .9
3 9 .3
4 0 .1
3 8 .7
4 0 .3
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
3 7 .3
3 8 .8
3 7 .4
3 7 .1
3 8 .2
3 8 .0
3 9 .9
4 1 .0
$ 2 .0 7
$9 5 .9 9
2 .0 7
2 .0 7
2 .0 7
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .1 0
2 .0 6
2 .0 9
2 .0 9
2 .0 9
2 .1 1
2 .1 0
2 .1 0
2 .1 2
9 6 .7 6
9 5 .0 0
9 4 .9 4
9 6 .1 5
9 5 .6 8
9 6 .2 4
9 6 .1 6
9 9 .0 6
9 8 .6 6
9 8 .5 8
9 9 .0 6
9 8 .3 3
100 . 44
1 0 3 .2 2
Ship and boat build
ing and repairing2
$ 2 .2 9
$8 9 .3 3
2 .3 7
2 .3 6
2 .3 7
2 .3 7
2 .4 0
2 .3 9
2 .4 1
2 .4 2
2 .4 2
2 .4 3
2 .4 4
2 .4 4
2 .4 4
2 .5 0
9 4 .8 8
9 5 .9 9
9 6 .8 0
9 7 .0 4
9 6 .5 3
9 5 .3 1
9 0 .1 5
9 4 . 77
9 4 .1 4
9 1 .8 5
9 6 .7 8
9 5 .8 0
9 7 . 51
9 7 .0 2
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .1
3 9 .4
3 8 .9
3 7 .1
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 7 .8
3 9 .5
3 9 .1
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
1 956 :
1 957 :
1958:
1 956 :
1957 :
1 958 :
Average_____
Average-------June________
July................
August............
September___
October........._
November___
December___
January_____
February........
M arch______
April...............
M ay________
June................
Average_____
Average_____
June________
July................
August........
September___
October...........
November___
December___
January_____
F e b ru a ry ___
M arch______
April_______
M ay________
June................
$ 73 . 57
7 7 .7 8
7 8 .7 2
7 8 .5 9
7 7 .8 2
7 7 .8 2
7 7 .4 1
7 5 .2 5
7 7 ,2 2
7 6 .8 3
7 4 .5 0
7 9 .3 9
7 8 .2 0
8 0 . 56
7 8 .7 9
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 1 .0
4 0 .4
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
3 8 .9
3 8 .2
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 8 .4
4 0 .3
3 9 .9
4 1 .1
4 0 .2
$ 1 .8 3
$ 94 . 56
1 .9 3
1 .9 2
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .9 9
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 4
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 6
1 .9 6
1 0 0 .8 0
9 9 .5 0
1 0 1 .0 5
9 9 .7 9
1 0 3 .8 6
9 9 .7 2
102 . 56
1 0 4 .6 7
1 0 1 .9 2
1 0 0 .1 0
1 0 2 .9 6
1 0 0 .8 1
9 9 . 64
9 7 .6 8
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
3 9 .6
4 0 .1
3 8 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .2
3 8 .5
3 9 .0
3 7 .9
3 7 .6
3 7 .0
Locomotives a n d
pa r t s
$2 .3 7
$ 9 9 . 41
2 .5 2
2 .5 0
2 .5 2
2 .5 2
2 .5 9
2 . 57
2 .5 9
2 .6 3
2 .6 0
2 .6 0
2 .6 4
2 .6 6
2 . 65
2 . 64
1 0 2 .4 1
102 . 47
1 0 2 .5 6
1 0 3 .2 2
1 0 7 .3 8
1 0 2 .9 4
100 . 73
1 0 3 .4 8
1 0 0 .1 0
9 8 .8 1
1 0 2 .9 6
1 0 2 .4 4
101 . 53
1 0 3 .8 9
4 2 .3
4 0 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .3
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
3 9 .1
3 8 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .4
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
$2 .3 5
2 . 51
2 .5 3
2 .5 2
2 . 53
2 .6 0
2 .5 8
2 . 55
2 .6 0
2 . 56
2 .5 8
2 .6 0
2 .6 0
2 .6 1
2 .6 3
Laboratory, scien
tific, and engineering
instruments
Mechanical measur
ing and controlling
instruments
Optical instruments
and lenses
$9 4 .9 5
$2 .2 5
$ 8 3 .6 4
$2 .0 4
2 .3 7
2 .3 6
2 .3 7
2 .3 7
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 .4 2
2 .4 4
2 .4 5
2 .4 2
2 .4 7
2 .4 8
2 .4 9
2 . 54
$8 3 .0 3
8 6 .2 7
8 6 .6 9
8 5 .0 1
8 5 .6 5
8 6 .8 6
8 6 . 65
8 6 .0 0
8 5 . 57
8 4 .9 3
8 4 .5 0
8 4 .8 9
8 4 .4 6
8 4 .8 0
8 6 . 51
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 2
2 .1 2
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
8 5 .2 2
8 5 .8 4
8 5 .8 4
8 4 .3 8
8 6 .2 4
8 6 .0 0
8 5 .6 3
8 4 . 77
8 2 .8 6
8 2 .8 2
8 4 .3 2
8 5 .3 6
8 4 .0 2
8 5 .4 6
9 7 .1 7
9 6 .0 5
9 5 .0 4
9 4 .0 9
9 6 .7 2
9 5 .6 8
9 8 .2 5
1 0 0 .2 8
1 0 0 .4 5
9 6 .5 6
9 9 .0 5
1 0 2 .1 8
1 0 0 .3 5
104 . 39
4 2 .2
4 1 .0
4 0 .7
4 0 .1
3 9 .7
4 0 .3
3 9 .7
4 0 .6
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 1 .2
4 0 .3
4 1 .1
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Railroad equipm ent2
4 1 .0
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .1
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .5
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
3 9 .1
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
3 8 .9
3 8 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 8 .9
3 9 .2
9 9 .7 9
9 7 .9 6
1 0 0 .3 0
9 9 .2 9
102 . 56
9 8 .4 3
1 0 3 .3 6
1 0 5 .0 7
1 0 2 .9 7
100 . 75
1 0 3 .2 1
9 9 .9 6
9 9 .0 6
9 4 .5 1
3 8 .9
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
3 9 .4
3 9 .6
3 8 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .3
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 7 .3
3 7 .1
3 5 .8
$ 2 .3 7
2 .5 2
2 .4 8
2 .5 2
2 .5 2
2 .5 9
2 . 57
2 .6 1
2 .6 4
2 .6 2
2 .6 1
2 .6 6
2 .6 8
2 . 67
2 .6 4
Surgical, medical,
and dental instru
ments
$ 2 .0 5
$ 7 1 .5 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 2
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
7 4 .3 7
7 5 .3 0
7 4 .0 0
7 4 .5 9
7 5 .9 2
7 6 .1 7
7 5 .0 5
7 5 .8 1
7 5 .4 3
7 4 .2 8
7 4 .8 7
7 5 .2 5
7 5 .4 6
7 8 .7 8
$2 .2 8
2 .3 6
2 .3 4
2 .3 5
2 .3 8
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 . 41
2 .4 4
2 .4 3
2 .4 4
2 .4 4
2 .4 4
2 .4 8
2 . 53
$ 9 2 .2 7
2 .3 9
2 .3 7
2 .3 9
2 .4 2
2 .4 5
2 .4 5
2 .4 3
2 .4 3
2 .4 2
2 .4 3
2 . 45
2 .4 5
2 .4 5
2 . 45
9 7 .8 1
9 8 .9 8
9 9 .6 3
9 9 .7 0
9 8 .6 4
9 7 .6 4
9 2 .2 5
9 7 .5 0
9 7 .0 0
9 4 . 75
9 9 .4 3
9 8 . 67
1 0 0 .1 9
9 9 . 94
3 9 .6
3 9 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
3 9 .3
3 8 .9
3 6 .9
3 9 .0
3 8 .8
3 7 .6
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
3 9 .6
39. 5
$2 .3 3
2 .4 7
2 .4 5
2 .4 6
2 .4 8
2 .5 1
2 . 51
2 .5 0
2 .5 0
2 .5 0
2 .5 2
2 .5 3
2 .5 3
2 .5 3
2 . 53
Instruments and
related products
R a i l r o a d a n d street
cars
$9 2 .1 9
4 2 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
3 9 .9
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .8
Shipbuilding a n d
repairing
$2 .2 5
Transportation equipment—Continued
Boatbuilding a n d
re pa ir in g
Aircraft and parts2
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
4 0 .4
Other transportation Total: Instruments
equipment
and related products
$ 7 7 .5 9
79 . 59
8 1 .4 0
7 9 .3 7
8 2 .2 1
8 2 .8 2
8 1 .1 8
7 7 .2 9
7 7 .4 6
8 1 .1 2
8 2 .5 6
8 2 .5 8
8 2 .5 6
8 1 .4 8
8 0 . 77
4 0 .2
3 9 .4
4 0 .1
3 9 .1
4 0 .1
4 0 .6
3 9 .6
3 7 .7
3 7 .6
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
3 8 .8
3 9 .4
$ 1 .9 3
$8 2 .0 1
2 .0 2
2 .0 3
2 .0 3
2 .0 5
2 .0 4
2 .0 5
2 .0 5
2 .0 6
2 .0 8
2 .0 9
2 .0 8
2 .0 9
2 .1 0
2 .0 5
8 5 .0 3
8 5 .0 5
8 4 .2 1
8 4 .0 0
8 6 .0 5
8 4 .9 9
8 5 .2 0
8 5 .1 7
8 5 .1 4
8 4 .5 0
8 5 .5 0
8 5 .7 2
8 5 .4 6
8 7 .1 6
Ophthalmic goods4
$ 1 .7 7
$ 6 4 .6 4
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
1 .8 7
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1 .9 0
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 5
6 7 .2 6
6 7 . 54
6 7 .8 3
6 8 .4 0
6 9 .0 8
6 7 .4 9
6 5 .6 3
6 4 .3 0
6 9 .1 6
6 9 .9 1
7 0 .1 0
6 9 . 55
7 0 .4 7
7 0 . 67
4 0 .4
3 9 .8
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 7 .6
3 8 .0
3 8 .2
3 8 .1
3 7 .8
3 8 .3
3 8 .2
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
$ 2 .0 1
2 .1 1
2 .1 0
2 .1 0
2 .1 0
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 7
2 .1 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
Photographic ap
paratus
$ 1 .6 0
$ 9 1 .4 6
1 .6 9
1 .6 8
1 .7 0
1 . 71
1 . 71
1 .7 0
1 .6 7
1 .7 1
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 5
9 4 .6 0
9 4 . 71
9 4 .0 2
9 2 . 75
9 7 .2 0
9 5 .7 6
9 7 .2 0
9 6 .9 6
9 6 .0 8
9 6 .0 0
9 6 . 40
9 6 .4 0
9 6 .4 0
9 7 .1 2
4 1 .2
4 0 .6
4 1 .0
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
3 9 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .3
$ 2 .2 2
2 .3 3
2 .3 1
2 .3 1
2 .2 9
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2 .3 9
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 .4 1
2 .4 1
2 .4 1
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
1063
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn horns
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufacturingr-C ontinued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Instruments and
related products—
Continued
Watches and clocks
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware 2
1956: Average_____ $70. 77 39.1 $1.81 $70. 53 40.3 $1.75 $73.81
41.7
39.0
1.85 72. 22 39.9
1957: Average.......... 72.15
1.81 74.07
40.7
39.0
1.85 71.82
June________ 72.15
1.80 73. 93 40.4
39.9
July........ ........ 69.66
1.80 71.50
38.7
1.81 71.42
39.5
39.9
1.85 72.00
August______ 71.97
38.9
1.80 75.26
40.0
40.9
September___ 75.36
40.3
1.80 77.52
1.87 72.54
40.3
41.9
October_____
73.10
39.3
1.86 72.22
1.81 75.81
39.9
41.2
39.6
1.82 75. 67 40.9
1.86 72. 25 39.7
November___ 73.66
December....... 72.18
38.6
1.87 72.47
39.6
1.83 76.41
41.3
1.86 72. 52 39.2
1958: January_____ 70. 87 38.1
1.85 72.65
39.7
February........ 72.00
38.5
1.87 71.76
39.0
1.84 73.05
39.7
March______
1.88 72.13
72.76
38.7
39.2
1.84 72.86
39.6
April_______
73.32
39.0
1.88 72.15
39.0
1.85 73.28
39.4
1.84 74.26
M ay________ 71.63
38.1
1.88 71.94
39.1
39.5
38.7
1.89 73.08
June________ 73.14
39.5
1.85 74.34
40.4
Toys and sporting
G a m e s , toys, dolls,
Sporting a n d
goods 2 3
a n d children’s vehicles
goods 3
1956: Average_____ $62. 56 39.1 $1.60 $61. 85
1.68 63.80
1957: Average_____ 65. 69 39.1
1.67 62.53
38.9
June________ 64.96
38.3
Ju ly___ ____
63.58
1.66 61.50
39.2
1.67 64.62
65.46
August..........
1.66 64.55
September___ 65. 57 39.5
October_____ 65. 90 39.7
1.66 64. 31
1.68 65. 01
39.2
November___ 65.86
38.3
1.70 62.42
December___ 65.11
1.74 64.81
38.2
1958: January_____ 66.47
1.75 65.02
38.1
February........ 66.68
March______
1.74 65.84
38.7
67.34
April.......... __
38.2
1.73 64.05
66.09
38.9
M a y ............... 66.13
1.70 64.74
39.1
66.86
June........... .
1. 71 64. 74
Durable goods—
Continued
38.9
38.9
38.6
38.2
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.4
37.6
37.9
37.8
38.5
37.9
39.0
39.0
$1.59 $63.83
1.64 69.70
1.62 69.34
1.61 67.94
1.64 68.11
1.63 68.78
1.62 69.65
1.65 68.29
1.66 69.74
1.71 68. 89
1.72 69.30
1.71 70.20
1.69 69.48
1.66 69. 45
1.66 70. 95
39.4
39.6
39.4
38.6
38.7
39.3
39.8
38.8
39.4
38.7
38.5
39.0
38.6
38.8
39.2
1956: Average.......... $74.37
1957: Average-......... 74.64
June................ 75.39
July........ ........ 75.05
August______ 74.82
September___ 74.82
October_____ 73. 30
November___ 73.12
December....... 74.86
1958: January_____ 76. 83
February........ 75.85
March______
75.85
April............... 75.07
M ay________ 75.27
June________ 75. 85
40.2
39.7
40.1
39.5
39.8
39.8
39.2
39.1
39.4
39.4
39.1
39.3
39.1
39.0
39.3
1956: Average.........- $76.12
1957: Average.......... 79.00
June________ 79.92
80.66
July___ ____
78.57
August_____
September___ 80.41
October_____
77.61
November___ 77.68
December___
79. 68
1958: January.......... 80.12
February____ 79.52
80.16
March_____
April............... 80. 77
M ay________ 81.76
June................ 84.58
44.0
42.7
43.2
43.6
42.7
43.0
41.5
41.1
41.5
41.3
41.2
40.9
41.0
41.5
42.5
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Musical instruments
and parts
$1.77 $69.06
41.6 $1.66 $83.38
41.9 $1.99 $80. 54 41.3 $1.95
1.82 70. 07 40.5
1.73 84.05
41.2
2.04 83.03
40.5
2.05
1.83 70.88
40.5
1.75 80.20
40.1
2.00 82.00
40.0
2.05
1.79 67.49
39.7
40.4
1.70 81.20
2.01 73.53
36.4
2.02
1.84 70.47
40.5
1.74 85.90
41.7
2.06 81.80
40.1
2.04
1.85 72.38
41.6
1.74 89. 67 42.7
2.10 84.87
41.0
2.07
1.84 70. 99
40.8
1.74 88.41
42.3
2.09 85.70
41.2
2.08
1.85 71.28
40.5
1.76 86.94
42.0
2.07 84.87
41.0
2.07
1.85 73.63
41.6
1.77 83.64
40.8
2.05 84.46
41.0
2.06
1.83 70.05
39.8
1.76 79. 59 39.4
2.02 80.13
38.9
2.06
1.84 70.40
1.76 79.76
40.0
39.1
2.04 79.95
39.0
2.05
1.84 69.70
39.6
1.76 81.18
39.6
2.05 82.40
40.0
2.06
1.86 70.13
39.4
1.78 81.35
39.3
2.07 80. 32
2.07
38.8
1.88 70. 71
39.5
1.79 81.95
39.4
2.08 79. 87 38.4
2.08
1.84 71.81
40.8
1.76 81.58
39.6
2.06 80. 47
38.5
2.09
athletic Pens, pencils, other
Costume jewelry,
Fabricated plastics
office supplies
buttons, notions
products
$1.62 $66. 58
1.76 67.30
1.76 68.64
1.76 65.86
1.76 66.50
1.75 66.80
1.75 67.09
1.76 69.19
1.77 66.08
1.78 67.43
1.80 66.25
1.80 68.85
1.80 69.03
1.79 69. 65
1.81 69.17
41.1
40.3
41.1
39.2
40.3
40.0
39.7
40.7
39.1
39.9
39.2
39.8
39.9
39.8
39.3
$1.62 $62.33
1.67 65.07
1.67 63.41
1.68 64. 35
1.65 64.12
1.67 66.17
1.69 66.76
1.70 67.42
1.69 64. 57
1.69 63.74
1.69 63.14
1.73 63. 36
1.73 64. 73
1.75 64. 51
1.76 65.52
39.2
39.2
38.9
39.0
39.1
40.1
39.5
39.2
38.9
38.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4
39.0
$1.59 $75.35
1.66 78.31
1.63 78.12
1.65 80.10
1.64 78.47
1.65 79.10
1.69 78.53
1.72 76.97
1.66 78.74
1.66 76.80
1.64 75.65
1.65 75.84
1.69 76.04
1.68 76.81
1.68 79.37
41.4
41.0
40.9
41.5
41.3
41.2
40.9
40.3
40.8
40.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.8
40.7
$1.82
1.91
1.91
1.93
1.90
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.95
Food and kindred products
Total: Food aAd
kindred products
$1.85 $75.03
1.88 78.17
1.88 78.94
1.90 79.27
1.88 77.71
1.88 78. 69
1.87 77.99
1.87 79.18
1.90 80.18
1.95 80.60
1. 94 79.80
1.93 79.60
1.92 79. 80
1.93 80.80
1.93 81. 61
Condensed and
e v a p or at ed m i l k
Si lv e r w a r e a n d
pl at ed w a r e
Nondurable goods
Miscellaneous manu
facturing industries—
Con.
Other manufacturing
industries
Jewelry a n d
f i nd in gs
41.0
40.5
40.9
41.5
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.1
39.7
39.6
39.7
40.2
40.6
Ice c r e a m a n d
$1.73 $77. 65
1.85 81.90
1.85 83.89
1.85 86.29
1.84 81.51
1.87 82.37
1.87 82. 59
1.89 81.39
1.92 82.57
1.94 83. 38
1.93 83.60
1.96 83.00
1.97 84.62
1.97 84.84
1.99 86.28
42.2
42.0
42.8
43.8
41.8
41.6
41.5
40.9
41.7
41.9
41.8
41.5
42.1
42.0
42.5
Meat products2
Meatpacking, whole
sale
$1.83 $84.03
41.6 $2.02 $92.00
1.93 87. 08 40.5
2.15 96.41
1.93 87.13
41.1
2.12 95. 87
1.91 87.31
40.8
2.14 95.76
1.90 85.22
40.2
2.12 94.19
1.91 89.60
41.1
2.18 100.08
1.94 89.13
40.7
2.19 99. 29
1.96 90. 83 41.1
2.21 101.82
1.97 89.32
40.6
2.20 99.12
2.01 89.15
39.8
2.24 99.39
2.01 86.30
38.7
2.23 95.83
2.01 86. 75 38.9
2.23 96.80
2.01 87.25
39.3
2.22 95.83
2.01 88.36
39.8
2.22 97.93
2.01 90.32
40.5
2.23 99. 96
Canning
and
Seafood,
ices
preserving2
$1.84 $62.02
1.95 63.57
1.96 61.18
1.97 64.17
1.95 65.93
1.98 66.42
1.99 62.65
1.99 60.64
1.98 63.84
1.99 64.98
2.00 63.41
2.00 62.87
2. 01 64.70
2.02 65.62
2.03 63.34
39.5
39.0
38.0
41.4
40.7
41.0
38.2
37.2
38.0
38.0
37.3
37.2
37.4
38.6
37.7
$1.57 $50.66
1.63 51.88
1.61 50.24
1. 55 54.77
1.62 51.34
1.62 58.13
1.64 50.66
1.63 47.08
1.68 50. 45
1.71 54.48
1.70 50.45
1.69 52.87
1.73 56.92
1.70 55. 94
1.68 51.68
42.2
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.6
41.7
41.2
41.9
41.3
40.9
39.6
40.0
39.6
40.3
40.8
canned
cured
30.7
30.7
32.0
33.6
30.2
33.6
29.8
26.6
28.5
30.1
28.5
29.7
31.8
30.4
29.7
S a u s a g e s a n d casings
$2.18 $85.08
2.34 88.51
2.31 91.12
2.33 91.10
2.32 88.73
2.40 89.95
2.41 90.72
2.43 92.89
2. 40 91.98
2.43 91.48
2.42 90.12
2.42 89.72
2.42 90.12
2.43 93.25
2.45 94.58
and
41.5
40.6
41.8
41.6
40.7
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.7
40.3
39.7
39.7
39.7
40.9
41.3
$2.05 $74.65
2.18 77.83
2.18 78.87
2.19 80.85
2.18 78.26
2.21 78.73
2.24 77.38
2.26 77.42
2.26 78.96
2.27 80.41
2.27 79.42
2.26 78.47
2. 27 80.06
2.28 80.64
2.29 83.03
C a n n e d fruits, vege
tables, a n d s o u p s
$1.65 $66.14
1.69 66.83
1.57 64.08
1.63 67.32
1.70 69.14
1.73 68.30
1.70 65.90
1.77 63.73
1.77 67.37
1.81 68.29
1.77 66.33
1.78 64.70
1.79 69.12
1.84 69. 34
1. 74 65.91
41.6
40.5
38.6
44.0
41.9
41.9
39.7
39.1
39.4
38.8
37.9
37.4
38.4
39.4
38.1
Dairy products 2
42.9
42.3
43.1
43.7
42.3
42.1
41.6
41.4
42.0
42.1
41.8
41.3
41.7
42.0
42.8
$1.74
1.84
1.83
1.85
1.85
1.87
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.91
1.90
1.90
1.92
1.92
1.94
Grain-mill products2
$1.59 $80.97
1.65 85.50
1.66 83.66
1.53 86.72
1.65 87.56
1.63 90.74
1.66 88.24
1.63 85.85
1.71 87.67
1.76 88. 51
1.75 88. 54
1.73 87.70
1.80 87.49
1.76 86.88
1.73 89. 32
43.3
43.4
43.8
44.7
44.0
44.7
43.9
42.5
43.4
43.6
43.4
43.2
43.1
42.8
44.0
$1.87
1.97
1.91
1.94
1.99
2.03
2.01
2.02
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.03
1064
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Year and month
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings hours ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufacturing—Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Flour and other grainm ill products
1956: Average.........- $84. 73
1957: Average........... 88.88
June................ 86.17
July............... - 89.49
August............ 90.20
September___ 95.10
October........... 90.64
November___ 89. 63
December....... 91. 26
92.12
1958: January---- -February........ 90.00
March..........— 90.64
April..............
89.38
M ay..............
88. 56
June________ 92.14
43.9
44.0
43.3
44.3
44.0
45.5
44.0
43.3
44.3
44.5
43.9
44.0
43.6
43.2
44.3
$1.93 $76.65
2.02 80.59
1. 99 80.10
2.02 81.99
2.05 81. 35
2.09 82.40
2.06 82.21
2.07 80.33
2.06 82.84
2.07 84.42
2.05 82.32
2.06 82.27
2.05 84.29
2.05 81.46
2.08 83.22
Cane-sugar refining
1956: Average-------- $87. 36
1957: Average-------- 92.60
June_______ 102.38
July------------- 96. 78
August--------- 90.86
September___ 92; 80
October_____ 93.91
November___ 91.84
December___ 94. 33
1958: January-------- 93.60
February.......- 89.60
March............. 90. 97
April..... ........ . 97. 76
M ay................ 91.54
June................ 98.37
Prepared feeds
42.0 $2.08
41.9
2.21
45.3
2. 26
43.4
2. 23
41.3
2.20
41.8
2. 22
42.3
2.22
41.0
2. 24
42.3 2.23
41.6
2. 25
40.0
2.24
39.9
2. 28
41.6
2.35
39.8
2.30
42.4
2.32
43.8 $1.75 $73.08
1.84 75.76
43.8
44.5
1.80 76.89
45.3
1.81 77. 49
44.7
1.82 76.33
1.86 76.17
44.3
44.2
1.86 76.40
1.89 77.01
42.5
43.6
1.90 77. 39
1.91 76.81
44.2
1.91 77.42
43.1
43.3
1.90 77.21
43.9
1.92 77.61
1.89 78.99
43.1
44. 5 1.87 80.18
40.6
40.3
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.3
40.0
39.9
40.1
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.8
40.3
40.7
43.1 $1.80 $62.00
1. 87 64.48
43.1
40.2
2.03 66.26
1.98 64.22
40.3
2.00 65.77
35.3
42.4
1. 98 66.67
1. 75 64. 55
41.6
1.77 64.15
49.1
1.84 64.08
49.7
44.1
1.91 65.74
2.06 64. 68
41.2
2.19 64.68
38.3
37.4
2.13 65.02
40.2
2.01 65.18
2.07 66.86
40.8
40.0
39.8
40.4
39.4
40.6
40.9
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.6
39.2
39.2
38.7
38.8
39.8
Bread and other
bakery products
$1.80 $74.89
1.88 77. 76
1.88 78. 53
1.89 78.94
1.88 78.14
1.89 78.57
1.91 78. 59
1.93 79.19
1.93 78.99
1.93 78.01
1.95 78.80
1. 94 78.60
1.95 79.00
1.96 81.00
1.97 82.01
Confectionery and
related products 3
Beet sugar
$77. 58
80.60
81.61
79.79
70.60
83.95
72.80
86.91
91.45
84.23
84.87
83. 88
79.66
80.80
84.46
Bakery products3
$1. 55
1. 62
1.64
1. 63
1.62
1. 63
1.63
1.62
1.61
1. 66
1.65
1.65
1.68
1.68
1.68
40.7
40.5
40.9
40.9
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.5
40.8
$1.84 $65.84
1.92 68. 51
1.92 70.35
1.93 71.97
1.92 69.37
1.94 68.11
1.95 68. 64
1.97 70.20
1.96 71.13
1.96 72.07
1.98 71. 71
1.97 71.31
1.98 71.89
2.00 72.25
2. 01 73.35
Confectionery
$59. 70
62.17
63.92
61.62
63.99
64. 87
62.09
61.70
61. 78
63.60
62. 72
62.40
62. 76
62. 76
64. 55
39.8
39.6
40.2
39.0
40.5
40.8
39.3
39.3
39.6
39.5
39.2
39.0
38.5
38.5
39.6
Biscuits, crackers,
and pretzels
39.9
39.6
40.9
41.6
40.1
39.6
39.0
39.0
39.3
39.6
39.4
39.4
39.5
39.7
40.3
$1.65
1. 73
1.72
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.76
1.80
1.81
1. 82
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.82
Beverages3
$1. 50 $85.63
1.57 88.98
1.59 91.76
1. 58 93.15
1. 58 90.54
1. 59 89. 60
1. 58 87.64
1. 57 87. 58
1. 56 89.50
1.61 88. 59
1.60 88.14
1.60 88. 82
1.63 88.43
1.63 92.69
1.63 95.35
1956: Average........ .
1957: Average...........
June................
July------------August............
September___
October....... .
November___
December.......
1958: January...........
February........
March______
A p ril..............
M ay................
June................
$103. 34
107. 44
111.35
112. 74
109. 73
108.08
106.15
105. 49
109.30
107. 25
106. 70
107.92
107. 75
114. 62
117. 79
39.9
39.5
40.2
40.7
39.9
39.3
38.6
38.5
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.1
38.9
40.5
40.9
Distilled, rectified, and
blended liquors
$2.59 $81.90
2. 72 84.42
2.77 84.42
2.77 86.02
2.75 85.69
2.75 84. 52
2. 75 84.97
2. 74 86.19
2.76 83.22
2.75 85. 57
2.75 84.22
2.76 83. 78
2.77 82.43
2.83 84.90
2.88 83.98
39.0
38.2
38.2
39.1
38.6
37.9
38.8
39.0
38.0
38.2
37.6
37.4
36.8
37.9
38.0
Miscellaneous food
products3
$2.10 $72.92
2.21 76.86
2. 21 76.18
2.20 77.61
2. 22 78. 06
2. 23 78.69
2.19 77.49
2.21 78.12
2.19 78.69
2. 24 79.30
2.24 79.90
2. 24 79. 54
2. 24 78.36
2.24 79.32
2.21 79.71
41.2
41.1
41.4
41.5
41.3
41.2
41.0
40.9
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.0
40.6
41.1
41.3
40.2 $2.13
39.9
2.23
2.26
40.6
2.25
41.4
2.23
40.6
40.0
2.24
39.3
2.23
2. 24
39.1
39.6
2.26
39.2
2.26
2.26
39.0
39.3
2.26
39.3
2. 25
40.3
2.30
41.1
2.32
41.4
41.2
41.6
42.2
42.3
41.5
41.6
41.0
40.8
41.4
41.5
40.1
41.3
40.9
42.4
M anufactured ice
$2.09 $69. 55
2.21 73.43
2.18 72.70
2.26 74.49
2.27 73. 54
2.28 74.09
2. 29 71.81
2.29 74.12
2.26 75.10
2.25 74.48
2.27 73.95
2. 26 75.86
2.30 75.07
2.31 74.90
2.35 73.92
Tobacco manufactures—Continued
Cigarettes
1956: Average........... $70.88
1957: Average......... . 73.60
June................ 74. 59
July................. 81.16
August______ 72.29
September___ 72.62
October........... 68.98
November___ 72.74
December___
75.20
1958: January........... 76. 11
February........ 70.49
M arch______
70. 31
April............... 77. 55
M ay................ 77.97
June................ 80.83
40.5
40.0
40.1
43.4
39.5
39.9
37.9
38.9
40.0
40.7
38.1
37.8
40.6
40.4
42.1
Seefootnotes at endof table,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cigars
$1. 75 $47.63
1.84 49.63
1.86 49.63
1.87 47.78
1.83 50.27
1.82 52.38
1.82 52.90
1.87 52.75
1.88 51.05
1.87 49.98
1.85 49.71
1.86 49.14
1.91 48.06
1.93 60.73
1.92 51.14
37.5
37.6
37.6
36.2
37.8
38.8
38.9
38.5
38.1
37.3
37.1
36.4
35.6
37.3
37.6
37.1
37.5
38.0
37.9
38.1
37.8
37.1
37.2
38.0
37.4
36.9
36.6
36.7
37.2
37.7
$1.86
1.95
2.13
2.09
2.07
2.06
1.89
1.75
1.78
2.00
2.05
2.09
2.16
2.12
2.16
$64.68
67.48
70.98
72. 54
69.28
69.21
65.61
65.36
67. 56
65.93
65.36
66.50
67.40
68.64
71.28
41.2
41.4
42.5
43.7
42.5
42.2
40.5
40.1
40.7
40.2
40.1
40.8
41.1
41.6
43.2
$1. 57
1.63
1. 67
1. 66
1.63
1. 64
1.62
1.63
1.66
1.64
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.65
44.3
44.5
44.6
45.7
44.3
44.1
43.0
43.6
44.7
44.6
43.5
43.6
43.9
43.8
44.0
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
$1. 57 $56.02
1. 65 58. 67
1.63 60.99
1.63 63. 76
1.66 56.83
1.68 57.71
1.67 55. 92
1.70 57.60
1.68 60.21
1.67 60.84
1.70 59.12
1.74 58.99
1.71 62.70
1. 71 64.24
1.68 65.74
38.9 $1.44
38.6
1. 52
38.6
1.58
39.6
1.61
38.4
1.48
39.8
1.45
38.3
1.46
37.4
1.54
39.1
1. 54
39.0
1. 56
37.9
1. 56
37. 1 1. 59
38.0
1. 65
38.7
1.66
39.6
1.66
Textile-mill products
Tobacco and snuff
$1.27 $57.13
1.32 60.75
1.32 61.94
1.32 62.16
1.33 62.48
1.35 61.61
1.36 60.47
1. 37 61.38
1.34 62.32
1.34 62.46
1.34 61.62
1.35 61.12
1.35 60. 92
1.36 62.87
1.36 62.96
43.0
43.3
43.4
42.0
39.2
41.7
41.7
50.0
50.5
43.1
41.5
40.5
40.9
39.9
41.6
Tobacco manufactures
Corn sirup, sugar,
oil, and starch
$1.77 $86. 53
1.87 91. 05
1.84 90.69
1.87 95.37
1.89 96. 02
1.91 94.62
1.89 95. 26
1.91 93.89
1.91 92. 21
1.92 93.15
1.93 94. 21
1.94 90.63
1.93 94. 99
1.93 94.48
1.93 99.64
$79.98
84.44
92.44
87.78
81.14
85.90
78. 81
87.50
89.89
86.20
85. 08
84.65
88.34
84.59
89.86
Bottled soft drinks
Food and kindred products—Continued
M alt liquors
Sugar3
Tobacco stemming
and redrying
$1.54 $47.04
1.62 48.13
1.63 54. 52
1.64 55.15
1.64 45.48
1.63 47.85
1.63 45.19
1.65 41. 54
1.64 51.08
1.67 50. 44
1.67 52. 27
1. 67 51.99
1.66 54.83
1.69 66.78
1.67 56.93
39.2
38.2
37.6
38.3
37.9
40.9
38.3
33.5
39.6
39.1
39.3
37.4
36.8
37.6
37.7
Total: Textile-mill
products
$1.20 $57.42
1. 26 58.35
1.45 58.35
1.44 57.90
1. 20 58. 65
1.17 59.04
1.18 59.04
1. 24 58.29
1. 29 58. 35
1.29 56.40
1.33 56.70
1.39 56.40
1.49 54.90
1. 51 55.95
1. 51 57.98
39.6
38.9
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.1
39.1
38.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6
37.3
38.4
Scouring and comb
ing plants
$1.45 $66.08
1.50 64.32
1.50 68.20
1. 50 69. 47
1. 50 62.81
1.51 64.08
1.51 59. 84
1. 51 60.70
1.50 63.12
1. 50 60. 92
1. 50 63.60
1.50 61. 39
1.50 62.64
1.50 63.20
1. 51 67.68
41.3
40.2
42.1
42.1
39.5
40.3
37.4
37.7
39.7
38.8
40.0
39.1
39.9
40.0
42.3
$1.60
1.60
1.62
1.65
1.59
1. 59
1.60
1.61
1.59
1. 57
1. 59
1. 57
1.57
1.58
1.60
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
1065
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry ^ C o n .
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Yarn and thread
mills 2
1956: Average_____ $52.39
1957: Average.------- 52. 72
June________ 52.85
July________
53.10
August______ 52.61
September___ 52.58
October_____ 52. 44
November___ 51.61
December....... 52.16
1958: January........... 50.23
February____ 50.09
M arch______ 49.62
April_______
48.51
M ay..............
49.21
June........... .
51.29
39.1
38.2
38.3
38.2
38.4
38.1
38.0
37.4
37.8
36.4
36.3
35.7
34.9
35.4
36.9
Y a r n mills
$1.34 $52.53
1.38 53.10
1.38 53.24
1.39 53.10
1.37 52.61
1.38 52.44
1.38 52.54
1.38 51.85
1.38 52.16
1.38 50.09
1.38 49.82
1.39 49.35
1.39 47.96
1.39 48.93
1.39 51.38
Cotton, »ilk, synthetic
fiber--Continued
39.2
38.2
38.3
38.2
38.4
38.0
37.8
37.3
37.8
36.3
36.1
35.5
34.5
35.2
36.7
Broad-woven fabric
m ills2
T h r e a d mills
$1.34 $52.79
1.39 55.13
1.39 54.46
1.39 54.85
1.37 56.09
1.38 55.98
1.39 56.52
1.39 54. 43
1.38 54.99
1.38 53.16
1.38 53.30
1.39 52. 45
1.39 53. 72
1.39 49.21
1.40 51.26
W o o l e n a n d worsted
39.1
39.1
38.9
38.9
39.5
39.7
39.8
38.6
39.0
37.7
37.8
37.2
38.1
34.9
36.1
$1.35 $56. 28
1.41 56.70
1.40 56.41
1.41 56.26
1.42 56.99
1.41 57.52
1.42 57.67
1.41 56.94
1.41 57.28
1.41 54.96
1.41 55.10
1.41 54.81
1.41 52.85
1.41 53. 86
1.42 55.68
Narrow fabrics and
40.2
39.1
38.9
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.0
39.5
37.9
38.0
37.8
36.7
37.4
38.4
$1.40
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.44
1. 44
1. 45
40.0
38.9
38.3
38.2
38.9
39.0
39.6
39.3
39.6
37.8
37.8
37.5
36.1
36.8
37.8
South
$65.31
65.28
67.20
66.56
65.67
66.24
62.65
60.58
62 49
60.90
62.65
63. 44
62.65
64. 96
67.30
41.6
40.8
42.0
41.6
41.3
41.4
39.4
38.1
39.3
38.3
39.4
39.9
39.4
40.6
41.8
$1.57 $58.51
1.60 60.80
1.60 61.41
1.60 51.51
1.59 60. 80
1.60 61.97
1.59 61.14
1.59 60.14
1.59 60.74
1.59 59.67
1.59 58.22
1.59 58. 37
1.59 57.68
1.60 58. 91
1.61 60.06
38.2 $1.55 $46.21
36.6
1.55 48.55
34. 1 1.56 49.21
33.6
1.55 47.95
1.54 49.63
35.5
35.3
1.53 49.34
1.53 50. 25
36.9
37.4
1.53 49.41
38. 1 1.53 49.01
36.9
1.53 47.06
38.2
1.53 47.46
1.53 47.54
38.8
36.9
1.52 45.02
37.0
1.51 46. 98
36.0
1.51 48.60
41.2
40.6
41.7
40.0
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.2
40.2
39.1
40.3
39.7
39.1
39.9
41.3
See footnotes at end of table.
4 7 6 5 5 1 — 5 8 -------8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.37
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.42
1.41
1.42
l. 43
North
$58.46
58.52
59.67
59.98
60.74
60.83
59.36
57.68
59.58
58.22
58.06
56. 85
56. 47
57.83
58. 45
$1.60
1.65
1.66
1.64
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.66
1. 65
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.64
1.63
1. 66
39.8
40.0
40.4
40.2
40.0
40.5
39.7
38.8
39.7
39.0
38.3
38.4
38.2
38.5
39.0
$1.47
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.53
1. 54
$53. 68
54.09
54.60
53.94
54. 96
55.33
55. 19
54.31
54.17
51.98
52.85
53.14
51.74
53. 29
54. 75
37.8
37.3
37.4
37.2
37.9
37.9
37.8
37.2
37.1
35.6
36.2
36.4
35.2
36.5
37.5
39.5
38.5
39.0
39.2
39.7
39.5
38.8
37.7
39.2
38.3
38.2
37.4
37.4
37.8
38.2
$1.48
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.53
1.53
Fu ll-fashioned hosiery
$1.42 $58.98
1.45 57.51
1.46 54.41
1.45 54. 10
1.45 55.90
1.46 56.06
1.46 58.28
1.46 58.83
1.46 58. 83
1.46 56.83
1.46 57.68
1.46 58.60
1.47 55.94
1.46 57.07
1.46 55.94
38.3
37.1
35.1
34.9
36.3
36.4
37.6
38.2
38.2
36.9
37.7
38.3
36.8
37.3
36.8
North
$1.54 $58.82
1.55 59.68
1.55 58.06
1.55 58.37
1.54 59.21
1.54 61.23
1.55 62.09
1.54 62.64
1.54 59.90
1.54 58.30
1.53 56.06
1.53 55.72
1.52 55.48
1.53 59. 28
1.52 59.68
38.7
38.5
37.7
37.9
38.2
39.0
39.3
39.9
38.4
36.9
36.4
36.9
36.5
38.0
38.5
$1.52
1.55
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.57
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.58
1.54
1.51
1.52
1. 56
1.55
S e a m l e s s hosiery
United States
Dyeing and finishing
textiles 2
1956: Average_____ $65.92
1957: Average- ___ 66.99
June...... .......... 69.22
July________ 65.60
August--------- 67.16
September___ 67.16
October_____ 67.16
November___ 66.73
December.. .
66.5C
1958: January_____ 64.12
February____ 66.50
M arch______ 65.11
April_______
64.12
M ay________ 65.02
June________ 68. 56
39.9
38.9
38.4
38.3
39.0
39.1
39.5
39.1
39.5
37.9
37.9
37.5
36.3
36.9
37.9
United States
$1.35
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.42
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.40
1. 40
1.41
Full-fashioned
hosiery— Continued
1956: Average_____ $59.21
1957: Average_____ 56.73
June________ 53.20
July------------- 52.08
August----- ..
54. 67
September___ 54.01
October_____ 56.46
November___ 57.22
December....... 58. 29
1958: January_____ 56. 46
February........ 58.45
M arch______ 59.36
April . . . . . . . 56.09
M ay________ 55. 87
June........... .
54.36
$54.66
55.63
54.91
54. 77
55.77
56. 30
56.88
56.30
56.49
54.20
54.20
53.25
51.18
52. 40
54.20
Knitting mills 2
South
1956: Average........... $54.00
1957: Average-------- 54.85
June________ 54.00
Ju ly ____ ____ 53. 86
August— ....... 54.85
September___ 55.38
October_____ 56.63
November___ 56.20
December___ 56.23
1958: January_____ 53.30
February........ 53.30
M arch______ 52. 88
April_______
50.54
M ay________ 51.52
June................ 53.30
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber
United States
36.1 $1.28
1.33
36.5
37.0
1.33
36.6
1.31
1.32
37.6
37.1
1.33
37.5
1.34
36.6
1.35
36.3
1.35
34.6
1.36
34.9
1.36
34.7
1.37
33. 1 1.36
34.8
1. 35
36.0
1. 35
D y e i n g a n d finishing
textiles (except wo ol )
$65.51
66.58
68.81
64.87
66. 42
66.42
66.91
66.83
66.75
64.22
66. 42
65.04
63.9C
65. W
67.98
North
$49.40
51. 14
51.05
52.11
52. 26
52. 90
52. 85
52. 72
48.50
48. 93
52.59
50.82
51.52
50. 87
51.43
38.0
37.6
38.1
38.6
39.0
38.9
38.3
38.2
35.4
35.2
37.3
36.3
36.8
36.6
37.0
$1.30 $45.82
1.36 48.28
1.34 48.94
1.35 47.19
1.34 49. 37
1.36 48. 94
1.38 49.74
1.38 48.64
1.37 49.14
1.39 46. 92
1.41 46.71
1.40 46. 92
1.40 44.34
1.39 46.23
1.39 48.11
Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings 2
41.2 $1.59 $74.16
40.6
1.64 74.76
41.7
1.65 72.2S
39.8
1.63 72.07
40.5
1.64 73.71
40.5
1.64 75.67
40.8
1.64 75.44
40.5
1.65 74. 77
40.7
1.64 75.33
39.4
1.63 76.86
40.5
1.64 75. 14
39.9
1.63 75.74
39.2
1.63 73. 7(
39.9
1.63 73.88
41 2
1.65 75. 62
unit unaerwear
South
35.8
36.3
36.8
36.3
37.4
36.8
37.4
36.3
36.4
34.5
34.6
34.5
32.6
34.5
35.9
$1.28 $56. 15
1.33 57.30
1.33 58. 75
1.30 59.14
1.32 59. 75
1.33 60.21
1.33 58.06
1.34 57.07
1.35 55.48
1.36 52.74
1.35 54. 26
1.36 55. 18
1.36 54.93
1.34 57.38
1.34 59. 13
W o o l carpets r u g s ,
a n d carpet y a r n
41.2 $1.80 $73.26
40.6
1.84 72.25
39.5
1.83 68. 76
1.82 68. 76
39.6
1.82 72.07
40.5
40.6
1.85 72. 47
41.C 1.84 71.55
40.2
1.86 69.32
40.5
1.86 71.74
40.6
1.8S 74. 5£
40.4
1.86 72.86
40.5
1.87 71.39
1.88 68. o;
39.2
39.1
1.88 69.16
1.90 70. 10
39.8
38.2
37.7
38.4
38.4
38.8
39.1
37.7
37.3
36.5
34.7
35.7
36.3
35.9
37.5
38.9
$1. 47
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.52
1. 52
1.53
1.53
1. 52
Hats (except cloth
and millinery)
40.7 $1.80 $57.38
39.7
1.82 59.04
38.2
1.80 59.76
38.2
1.80 59.01
1.82 62. 16
39.6
39.6
1.83 61.38
39. 1 1.83 58.91
38.3
1.81 61.62
39.2
1.83 63. 79
40. 1 1.86 60. 26
39.6
1.84 59. 29
38. ;
1.84 57.35
37.5
1.85 54. 42
38.0
1.82 57. 19
1.84 60.42
38.1
35.2
36.0
36.0
36.2
37.9
37.2
35.7
36.9
38.2
37.2
36.6
35. A
33.8
35.3
36.4
$49.78
50. 69
51. 14
50.86
51.14
52.03
51.75
49. 82
50. 42
49.82
49.54
49. 96
47.33
48. 99
50. 92
38.0
37.0
37.6
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.5
36.1
36.8
36.1
35.9
36.2
34.3
35.5
36.9
$1.31
1.37
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.38
1 38
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
Miscellaneous textile
goods 2
$1.63 $66.83
1.64 69.03
1.66 69.20
1.63 69.77
1.64 69. 48
1.65 70.35
1.65 70.22
1.67 70.31
1.67 69. 65
1.62 66.85
1.62 66.78
1.62 66. 78
1.61 65.5;
1.62 66. 43
1.66 70.22
40.5
39.9
40.0
40.1
39.7
40.2
39.9
39.5
39.8
38.2
38.6
38.6
38.1
38.4
39.9
$1.65
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.78
1.75
1.75
1. 73
1.73
1.72
1.73
1.76
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1066
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Felt go o d s (except
w o v e n felts a n d hats)
1956: Average_____ $71. 86
1957: Average........... 73.28
June________ 73. 49
July................. 72.52
August— ....... 73. 70
September___ 73.32
October.......... 77.42
November___ 74. 77
December___
72.91
1958: January.......... 71.24
February........ 70. 68
M arch______
72.58
April..... .......... 69.92
M ay...... .......... 73.15
June................ 75. 47
40.6
39.4
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.0
41.4
40.2
39.2
38.3
37.2
38.2
36.8
37.9
38.9
P a d d i n g s a n d upholstery filling
L a c e go od s
$1.77 $66. 43
1.86 67.32
1.87 68.80
1.85 69. 36
1.88 67. 51
1.88 68.99
1.87 66.98
1.86 66. 41
1.86 66. 57
1.86 63.72
1.90 64. 38
1.90 65.30
1.90 65. 87
1.93 64.05
1. 94 68. 74
38.4
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.3
37.7
36.8
37.1
37.4
35.4
37.0
37.1
36.8
3b. 6
38.4
$1. 73 $68. 74
1.80 71.46
1.82 69. 95
1.83 71.28
1.81 70. 45
1.83 70. 84
1.82 70.27
1.79 73.02
1. 78 72.80
1.80 68.38
1.74 66.73
1.70 67. 46
1. 79 66. 70
1.75 68. 56
1.79 72.22
40.2
40.6
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.9
40.0
38.2
37.7
37.9
37.9
38.3
39.9
Processed waste a n d
recovered fibers
$1.71 $54.10
1.76 57.40
1.74 58.66
1. 76 58.80
1.77 57. 82
1.78 58. 66
1. 77 57.37
1. 83 56. 09
1. 82 58.52
1.79 57. 34
1.77 57. 17
1.78 58.00
1.76 57. 74
1.79 57. 86
1.81 59. 02
41.3
41.0
41.6
41.7
41.3
41.6
40.4
39.5
41.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
40.1
39.9
40.7
Artificial leather, oilcloth, a n d other coated
fabrics
$1.31 $87.40
1.40 92.66
1.41 93.07
1.41 97.00
1.40 97.43
1.41 100.32
1.42 98.10
1.42 99.23
1.41 95.70
1.43 89.24
1.44 87.97
1. 45 86.71
1.44 83.74
1.45 86.27
1.45 95.05
43.7
43.5
43.9
44.7
44.9
45.6
45.0
44.7
43.9
41.7
41.3
40.9
39.5
40.5
43.4
Co rdage a n d twine
$2.00 $57. 28
2.13 58. 44
2.12 57.68
2.17 57.83
2. 17 58. 67
2.20 59. 67
2.18 58.82
2.22 57. 53
2.18 59. 36
2.14 55.78
2. 13 58. 98
2.12 58. 37
2.12 57. 53
2.13 57.99
2.19 59.52
39.5
38.7
38.2
38.3
38.6
39.0
38.7
37.6
38.8
36.7
38.3
37.9
37.6
37.9
38.9
$1.45
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.54
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.53
Apparel and other finished textile products
Total: Apparel and
other finished textile
products
1956: Average........... $52. 64
1957: Average........... 53.64
June________ 52. 98
July................. 54.15
August______ 55.20
September___ 55. 42
October_____ 53. 49
November___ 53.10
December___
52.80
1958: January_____ 53. 00
February......... 52.65
M arch______
51. 70
April............... 51. 75
M ay________ 52. 20
June...............
52.50
36.3
36.0
35.8
36.1
36.8
36.7
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.5
34.8
35.0
$1.45
1.49
1.48
1.50
1. 50
1.51
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.50
1. 49
1. 50
1.50
1. 50
Women’s outerwear1
1956: Average........... $57.02
1957: Average_____ 58.10
June________ 55. 42
J u l y ............. . 59. 33
August............ 60. 84
September___ 59. 49
October_____
56. 60
November___ 56.27
December___ 55.26
1958: January.......... 57.27
February____ 57.95
March______
54. 78
A pril.............. 57. 45
M ay_______
57.45
June.... ........... 55.28
35.2
35.0
34.0
34.9
36.0
35.2
34.3
34.1
33.9
34.5
34.7
33.0
34.4
34.4
33.5
36.1
35.8
35.9
35.6
36.0
36.3
35.2
35.7
35.2
35.2
34.9
35.2
34.7
35.1
35.2
See footnotes at end of table,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$63.12
63. 01
64.08
63.90
64.62
63. 90
61.42
60.34
60. 54
60. 02
58. 61
58. 43
56.14
60.19
61.41
36.7
35.6
35.8
36.1
36.1
35.7
34.7
33.9
34.4
34.1
33.3
33.2
31.9
34.2
34.5
$1.72
1.77
1.79
1.77
1.79
1.79
1. 77
1.78
1.76
1. 76
1. 76
1.76
1. 76
1. 76
1.78
W o m e n ’s dresses
$1.62 $55. 62
1. 66 56. 03
1.63 53.09
1.70 54. 42
1.69 58.19
1.69 57. 75
1.65 55. 24
1.65 53.92
1.63 53. 61
1.66 55. 24
1.67 55. 38
1.66 49.41
1. 67 61. 25
1. 67 59.68
1.65 53.29
Corsets a n d allied
garments
1956: Average.......... $51. 62
1957: Average........... 52. 63
June________ 52.41
July________
51.62
August______ 52. 92
September___ 53. 72
52.10
October_____
52. 48
November__
51.74
December___
52. 45
1958: January__ _
February........ 51.65
M arch.... ........ 52.10
April_______
51.70
M ay________ 52. 65
June________ 53.15
Men’s and boys’
suits and coats
35.2
34.8
33.6
33.8
35.7
35.0
34.1
33.7
33.3
34.1
34.4
30.5
35.2
34.3
32.1
Millinery
$1.43 $62.02
1.47 62.11
1.46 54. 94
1.45 58.64
1.47 63.41
1.4S 65.91
1.48 60. 72
1.47 56. 09
1.47 57.96
1.49 55.36
1. 48 73. 72
1.48 69.89
1.49 61.00
1.50 49. 54
1. 51 57.35
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing 2
$45. 26
46.23
46. 37
46. 48
47. 63
48.00
46.98
45. 57
45.31
45. 67
44.96
45.18
44.16
44. 42
45.18
36.5
36.4
36.8
36.6
37.5
37.5
36.7
35.6
35.4
35.4
35.4
35.3
34.5
34.7
35.3
$1.24 $45. 88
1.27 46.46
1.26 45. 97
1.27 46. 48
1.27 47. 74
1.28 48. 26
1.28 47.86
1.28 47. 34
1.28 46. 57
1. 29 45.80
1.27 45.44
1.28 45. 44
1.28 44.54
1.28 44. 42
1.28 44.80
H o u s e h o l d apparel
$1.58 $44. 76
1. 61 46. 44
1.58 45. 50
1. 61 45.06
1.63 45. 44
1. 65 45. 76
1.62 45. 89
1.60 47. 19
1.61 46. 96
1.62 45. 89
1. 61 44. 98
1.62 47. 29
1.74 47. 52
1.74 47.22
1.66 46. 46
36.7
36.9
37.4
38.2
37.5
36.6
36.2
36.5
35.4
36.4
36.0
36.1
35.6
36.2
36.8
36.7
36.3
36.2
36.6
37.3
37.7
37.1
36.7
36.1
35.5
35.5
35.5
34.8
34.7
35.0
37.1
35.9
35.2
36.0
35.1
36.3
36.9
36.7
36.6
34.8
35.0
35.0
33.9
34.8
35.7
36.9
36.2
36.3
36.7
37.1
36.2
35.6
32.9
35.3
36.6
36.4
36.2
35.4
34.7
34.8
36.3
36.5
35.9
36.1
37.2
37.8
36.9
36.5
35.7
35.5
35.7
35.8
35.0
34.8
35.4
37.6
37.8
37.9
37.4
38.4
38.5
38.2
37.9
38.1
36.3
36.2
36.9
36.1
37.3
37.3
36.3
36.3
37.0
37.8
38.1
37.2
35.5
34.9
35.6
34.4
36.6
37.1
35.8
34.7
36.1
$1.11
1.17
1.16
1.16
1.15
1.16
1.16
1.18
1.17
1. 18
1.16
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.16
U n d e r w e a r a n d nightw e a r , except corsets
$1.31 $45.38
1.34 47. 47
1.34 45.95
1.33 46. 46
1.34 48. 38
1.36 50. 44
1.35 48.88
1.36 48. 21
1.35 46.31
1.36 46. 28
1. 35 46.80
1. 36 47.29
1.36 45. 63
1.37 45. 33
1.36 45.80
Other fabricated
textile products 2
$1.34 $53.39
1.3S 56.70
1.41 57.23
1.40 56.10
1.3S 57.60
1.41 57.37
1.40 58. 45
1.40 58.75
1.4C 59. 82
1.41 55.90
1.4C 54. 66
1. 4C 55. 35
1.41 54.15
1. 41 56.32
1.41 56. 70
W o r k shirts
$1.26 $40. 29
1.30 42. 47
1.30 42.92
1. 29 43.50
1.30 43.82
1.31 43.15
1.29 41.18
1.30 41.18
1.30 41. 65
1.32 40.59
1.31 42. 46
1.32 43.78
1.32 42. 24
1. 30 40. 60
1.30 41.88
Women’s and children’s undergarments2
33.9 $2.01 $47. 55
33.6
2. 04 48. 91
2.01 48.11
32.7
35.5
2.11 48.01
35.9
2.09 49. 85
34.4
2.09 51.41
32.3
2.04 49. 82
33.1
2. 02 49.64
32.4
1.97 48.20
2. 05 48. 28
33.7
33.8
2.06 48. 20
32.1
2.03 48. 69
29. 7
1.93 47.60
32.1
1. 90 47.68
32.7
1.95 48.14
Miscellaneous
apparel and
accessories
$1.32 $49. 71
1.37 49. 90
1.38 49.63
1.38 60.40
1.37 48.79
1.38 51.18
1.37 51.66
1. 37 51.38
1. 36 51.24
1.37 49. 07
1.38 49.00
1.36 49.00
1.35 47. 80
1.35 49. 07
1.38 50. 34
S e p a r a t e trousers
$1.25 $46.49
1.28 47. 06
1.27 47.19
1.27 47. 34
1.28 48.23
1.28 47. 42
1.29 45. 92
1.29 42. 77
1.29 45.89
1.29 48. 31
1.28 47.68
1.28 47. 78
1.28 46.73
1.28 45.11
1.28 45. 24
W o m e n ’s suits, coats,
a n d skirts
36.1 $1.24 $68.14
36.0
1.29 68. 54
35.0
1.30 65. 73
35.2
1.28 74.91
35.5
1.28 75. 03
35.2
1.30 71.90
35.3
1.30 65. 89
36.3
1.30 66. 86
36.4
1. 29 63. 83
1.30 69. 09
35.3
34.6
1.30 69. 63
36.1
1.31 65.16
36.0
1.32 57. 32
35. 5
1.33 60. 99
35.2
1.32 63. 77
Children’s
outerwear
36.7 $1.69 $48. 44
35.9
1.73 50. 55
32.9
1.67 51.61
34.7
1.69 52.72
37.3
1.70 51.38
38.1
1.73 50. 51
1.72 49. 59
35.3
32.8
1.71 50.01
33.7
1.72 48.14
31. 1 1.78 49. 87
38.8
1.90 49.68
38.4
1.82 49.10
33.7
1.81 48. 06
28.8
1. 72 48. 87
32.4
1.77 50.78
Shirts, collars, a n d
nightwear
36.3
36.8
35.9
36.3
37.8
38.5
37.6
36.8
35.9
35.6
36.0
36.1
35.1
34.6
35.5
$1.25
1.29
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.29
C u r t a i n s , draperies,
a n d other housefu rn is hi ng s
$1.42 $46.98
1.50 49.37
1. 51 47.92
1.50 48. 34
1.5C 50.05
1.49 51.59
1.53 51.19
1. 55 49.88
1.57 50. 38
1. 54 47. 97
1.51 48.28
1.5C 49. 71
1.5C 48. 33
1. 51 49. 41
1.52 50.18
36.7
37.4
36.3
36.9
38.5
38.5
38.2
37.5
37.6
35.8
36.3
37.1
35.8
36. 6
36.9
$1.28
1.32
1.32
1.31
1.30
1.34
1. 34
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.36
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble C -l.
1067
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags
Avg.
hrly.
earntags
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags
Avg.
hrly.
earntags
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags
Avg.
hrly.
earntags
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags
Avg.
hrly.
earntags
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wklv. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earntags
M anufaeturlng—C ont lnued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—
Continued
Textile bags
1956: Average____
1957: Average____
June...... ........
July—............
August_____
December__
1958: January____
February.......
March_____
April_______
M ay_______
June_______
$57.28
39.5
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.7
40. 7
38.6
39.1
40.4
39.2
38.6
38.8
37.9
38.6
38.4
59. 40
59.40
60.50
59. 15
62.27
58. 67
59.43
62.22
60.37
59. 44
59. 75
58.75
59.06
59.14
Canvas products
$1.45 $55. 66
1.50 57 33
1.50 59. 09
1. 52 59.45
1.49 60.53
1. 53 55. 86
1.52 58.56
1. 52 56.45
1. 54 57.08
1. 54 58.31
1. 54 58.80
1.54 59.25
1.55 60.15
1.53 63. 80
1.54 62. 37
39.2
39.0
40.2
39.9
38.8
38.0
39.3
38.4
37.8
39.4
39.2
39.5
40.1
41.7
40.5
Paper and allied products
Total: Paper and
allied products
$1.42 $83.03
1.47 86. 29
1. 47 85.67
1.49 87.14
1.56 87. 55
1.47 89.23
1.49 88.19
1.47 87.15
1.51 87.15
1.48 86. 11
1. 50 85. 49
1. 50 86.11
1.50 85.69
1.53 86.10
1.54 87. 99
42.8
42.3
42.2
42.3
42.5
42.9
42.4
41.9
41.9
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.7
$1.94 $91. 05
2.04 94.18
2. 03 93. 53
2.06 95. 48
2.06 95. 26
2.08 96. 79
2. 08 96.35
2.08 95. 24
2.08 95.90
2.08 94.37
2. 08 93. 26
2.08 93. 48
2.09 93. 04
2.10 93.24
2.11 95.42
Paper and allied products--Continued
Fiber cans, tubes, and
arums
1957: Average__
June_____
July............
August___
September.
October___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
March______
April...............
M ay_______
June_______
$79. 56
83.01
84. 87
83.01
82.62
84.24
84.38
85. 20
86.03
83. 10
81. 27
87. 95
82. 60
84. 63
84.24
40.8
40.1
41.0
40.1
40.3
40.5
39.8
40.0
40.2
39.2
38.7
41.1
38.6
39.0
39.0
Other paper and
allied products
$1. 95 $72.92
2.07 76. 07
2.07 75. 85
2.07 76.67
2. 05 77. 64
2. 08 78.81
2.12 77. 71
2.13 77. 30
2.14 77.93
2.12 76. 97
2. 10 76. 97
2. 14 77.36
2.14 76. 99
2.17 76.61
2.16 77. 78
41.2
40.9
41.0
41.0
41.3
41.7
40.9
40.5
40.8
40.3
40.3
40.5
40. 1
39.9
40.3
$1. 77
1.86
1.85
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.93
Pulp, paper, and
paperboard mills
44.2
43.4
43.1
43.4
43.3
43.6
43.4
42.9
43.2
42.7
42.2
42.3
42.1
42.0
42.6
Paperboard con
tainers and boxes *
$2. 06 $76.13
2.17 79. 90
2.17 80. 10
2.20 80. 73
2. 20 81.87
2.22 83.92
2.22 83.16
2.22 80. 75
2. 22 79.17
2.21 78.20
2.21 78.41
2.21 79. 79
2.21 78.80
2. 22 80.40
2.24 82.61
41.6
41.4
41.5
41.4
42.2
42.6
42.0
41.2
40.6
39.9
39.8
40.3
39.6
40.2
41.1
$1.83 $75.89
1. 93 79. 27
1. 93 79. 46
1.95 80.70
1.94 81.83
1.97 84.08
1.98 82. 91
1.96 80.12
1.95 78. 36
1.96 77.60
1.97 77.81
1. 98 78. 79
1.99 78.21
2.00 79. 79
2. 01 82. 39
1956: Average_____ $93. 03
1957: Average........... 95. 76
June________ 95. 04
Ju ly ................. 95. 12
August______ 95. 76
September___ 97. 93
October_____ 96. 56
November___ 95. 35
December___
97. 36
1958: January_____ 95. 74
February........ 95. 40
March______
96. 68
April..... .......... 94.92
M ay________ 94.82
June________ 96. 22
1956: Average_____
1957: Average...........
June................
J u ly ...............
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
M arch.............
April________
M ay________
June________
40.1
39.9
39.6
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.9
39.4
39.9
39.4
39.1
39.3
38.9
38.7
38.8
$2.32
2.40
2. 40
2. 39
2. 40
2. 43
2.42
2. 42
2.44
2. 43
2. 44
2. 46
2.44
2. 45
2. 48
Lithographing
$94. 40
96.53
97. 66
98.50
98. 70
98. 70
96. 19
95.80
96. 53
94. 87
96. 25
98. 42
97. 52
97.54
98.16
40.0
39.4
39. 7
39.4
39.8
39.8
39.1
39. 1
39.4
38.1
38.5
38.9
38.7
38.4
38.8
$93. 90
96. 25
96. 00
95. 75
96. 89
98.16
97.15
95.76
98.04
95.76
96.14
97.02
96. 14
97.01
97. 27
38.8
38.5
39.4
38.3
38.6
38.8
38.4
38.0
38.6
37.7
37.7
37.9
37.7
37.6
37.7
$2.42
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.51
2.53
2.53
2.52
2.54
2. 54
2. 55
2. 56
2.55
2. 58
2. 58
Alkalies and chlorine
$95. 35
100.04
99.63
100. 94
101.18
102. 09
101. 50
102. 00
104. 17
102. 50
102. 66
102. 82
102. 56
103. 38
104. 81
$93. 43
97.68
96.80
99.31
99. 63
98.98
98.09
99.88
102.01
99. 88
99. 38
99. 38
101.18
99. 70
101.66
41.1
41.0
41.0
40.7
40.8
41.0
40.6
40.8
41.5
41.0
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.1
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.32
2. 44
2.43
2. 48
2. 48
2. 49
2.50
2. 50
2.51
2.50
2. 51
2.52
2. 52
2. 54
2. 55
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.7
40. 5
40.4
40.2
40.6
41.3
40.6
40.4
40.4
40.8
40.2
40.5
Greeting cards
$2.36 $61. 44
2. 45 64. 18
2. 46 63.96
2. 50 63. 63
2. 48 64.13
2. 48 63.41
2. 46 62.87
2. 45 63.03
2. 45 66.18
2.49 67.61
2. 50 68. 71
2. 53 70. 38
2.52 69.09
2. 54 68. 53
2. 53 67. 73
Industrial inorganic
chemicals 2
41.7
41.5
41.6
41.6
42.4
42.9
42.3
41.3
40.6
40.0
39.9
40 2
39.7
40.3
41.4
$1.82
1.91
1.91
1. 94
1.93
1.96
1.96
1.94
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Total: Printing, publishing, and allied
industries
Newspapers
$99. 64
102.03
102. 96
100. 54
100. 67
103.32
103. 46
102. 82
105.85
100.10
101. 44
101.09
102. 37
103. 72
103. 72
36.1
35.8
36.0
35.4
35.7
36.0
35.8
35.7
36.5
35.0
35.1
35.1
35.3
35.4
35.4
Periodicals
$2. 76
2. 85
2. 86
2. 84
2. 82
2. 87
2. 89
2.88
2. 90
2.86
2.89
2.88
2. 90
2. 93
2.93
$96.16
101.05
97. 71
100. 90
104. 60
107.38
104. 49
101. 77
101.85
100. 47
99.71
102. 31
99.07
98.81
100. 49
39.9
40.1
39.4
40.2
40.7
41.3
40.5
39.6
40.1
39.4
39.1
39.5
38.7
38.3
39.1
Books
$2.41 $83. 84
2.52 84.35
2. 48 84. 56
2.51 83.95
2.57 86. 18
2.60 85. 75
2. 58 82.68
2. 57 82. 89
2. 54 84. 67
2. 55 85. 06
2. 55 84.02
2.59 84. 24
2.56 85.02
2. 58 85.58
2.57 86.19
38.4
38.2
38.3
38.8
38.4
38.2
38.1
38.2
38.7
38.2
38.6
39. 1
38.6
38.5
38.7
Industrial organic
chemicals 2
$2. 29 $92.89
2.40 96. 93
2.39 97.82
2.44 98.16
2.46 98.40
2. 45 98.81
2. 44 98.33
2. 46 98. 74
2. 47 99.39
2. 46 98.17
2. 46 97. 44
2. 46 97. 84
2. 48 98.00
2.48 98. 98
2.51 100. 37
41.1
40.9
41.1
40.9
41.0
41.0
40.8
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.0
40.4
40.8
Bookbinding and
related industries
$1.60 $72.10
1.68 73. 71
1. 67 74. 07
1. 64 72. 94
1. 67 75.07
1.66 73.71
1. 65 73.72
1.65 73. 73
1. 71 74.69
1. 77 73. 14
1.78 72. 95
1.80 73.15
1. 79 72. 95
1.78 73. 53
1.75 74.69
$2. 26
2.37
2. 38
2. 40
2. 40
2.41
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.43
2.43
2.44
2. 45
2. 45
2.46
Miscellaneous pub Total: Chemicals and
lishing and print
allied products
ing services
39.4 $1.83 $109. 09
39.0
1.89 110. 78
39. 4
1.88 110.30
38.8
1.88 110.30
39. 1 1.92 112. 91
39.0
1.89 111.07
38.8
1.90 111.36
38.2
1.93 107.07
1.94 109.25
38.5
1.94 108. 77
37.7
37.8
1.93 109. 73
37.9
1. 93 110.21
1.93 107. 73
37.8
37.9
1.94 110. 96
1.95 110.84
38.3
Plastics, except syn
thetic rubber
$93. 66
99.90
99.60
101.16
101. 64
101. 50
101. 99
101.75
100. 94
99. 55
99.80
100. 45
99.47
102.18
103.09
42.0
41.8
41.5
41.8
42.0
41.6
41.8
41.7
41.2
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.6
41.2
41.4
40.5 $2.07
39.6
2.13
39.7
2.13
39.6
2. 12
39.9
2.16
39.7
2. 16
38. 1 2.17
38.2
2.17
39.2
2. 16
39.2
2.17
38.9
2.16
39.0
2.16
39.0
2.18
38.9
2.20
39.0
2. 21
Chemicals and allied
products
Printing, publishing, and allied industries—Continued
Commercial printing
Paperboard boxes
39.1
38.6
38.3
38.3
38.8
38.7
38.8
37.7
38.2
37.9
38.1
38.4
37.8
38.0
37.7
$2.79
2. 87
2.88
2.88
2. 91
2.87
2. 87
2.84
2. 86
2. 87
2.88
2.87
2. 85
2. 92
2. 94
Synthetic rubber
$2. 22 $104. 67
2.39 107.98
2. 40 103.88
2.42 108. 77
2.42 109. 34
2.44 108. 40
2. 44 108.14
2.44 112. 75
2.45 112.34
2. 44 109. 62
2. 44 109.21
2. 44 110. 03
2. 45 108.14
2. 48 110.03
2. 49 111.79
41.7
40.9
39.8
41.2
40.8
40.6
40.5
41.3
41.3
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.2
40.6
40.8
$87.14
91.46
91.88
92.25
92.25
92.70
91.84
92.66
93.34
92.62
92. 57
92. 39
92.39
93. 43
94.94
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.3
40.8
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.8
41.1
$2.11
2.22
2.23
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.24
2.26
2.26
2. 27
2.28
2.27
2.27
2.29
2. 31
Syntheticfibers
$2. 51 $78.00
2.64 82.21
2. 61 83.03
2. 64 83. 42
2.68 83.22
2. 67 82. 41
2. 67 83.01
2.73 83.41
2. 72 84.03
2. 70 82.37
2.69 81.33
2.71 82. 74
2.69 82. 71
2.71 83. 79
2. 74 85.65
40.0
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.1
40.4
39.6
39.1
39.4
39.2
39.9
40.4
$1.95
2.04
2.05
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.07
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.10
2.12
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1068
T a ble C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
brly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours ings
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Con.
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings':]
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Soap, cleaning and
Drugs and medicines polishing
preparations2
Explosives
1956: Average__ - $87. 29
93.30
1 9 *7 ; A v erag e..__
June___ _ - 93. 94
_____ 95. 68
July
96.10
August..........
September___ 96. 87
94. 48
O ctober____
November---- 91.66
December___ 91.77
1958: January_____ 90.32
February____ 92.97
92.20
M arch ____
A p ril_______ 91. 49
92. 75
M ay_____ 96. 59
June_______
40.6 $2.15
41.1
2.27
41.2
2.28
41.6
2.30
41.6
2.31
42.3
2. 29
40.9
2.31
40.2
2. 28
2.30
39.9
39.1
2.31
2.33
39.9
2.34
39.4
39.1
2. 34
2. 36
39.3
2. 35
41.1
$78.55
82.82
82. 62
82. 42
81.81
83. 64
84.05
85.08
85.08
85. 49
86.11
85.90
85.68
84.85
86. 32
Gum and wood
chemicals
1956: Average-------- $75.33
19*7* Average_____ 78.20
78.07
June ___ July
_____ 80.91
August--------- 78.81
September___ 80.97
O c to b e r..---- 77.98
November___ 79.37
December.. .. 78.58
1958: January-------- 79.90
February____ 78.50
77. 83
M arch ____
81.83
April_______
M ay______ . 80.03
June------------ 80. 34
42.8
42.5
42.2
43.5
42.6
43.3
41.7
40.7
41.8
42.5
41.1
41.4
42.4
41.9
41.2
40.7 $1.93 $90. 64
40.8
2.03 96.17
2.03 96.41
40.7
40.6
2.03 95.53
2.03 97.47
40.3
40.8
2.05 98.12
41.0
2.05 97.34
41.3
2.06 97.92
2.05 100.28
41.5
2.08 98. 74
41.1
41.2
2.09 96.47
2.09 98.90
41.1
40.8
2.10 98.33
40.6
2. 09 99.31
2.09 100. 21
41.3
$1.76 $67.68
1.84 71.83
1.85 71.06
1.86 71.80
1.85 71.97
1.87 72.91
1.87 72.14
1.95 71.21
1.88 72.49
1.88 73. 25
1.91 71.10
1.88 72.58
1.93 73.52
1.91 78.41
1.95 71.46
42.3
42.5
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.9
41.7
41.4
41.9
42.1
41.1
43.2
43.5
44.3
40.6
41.2 $2.20 $98.16
41.1
2.34 104.65
41.2
2.34 105.06
41.0
2.33 103.73
41.3
2.36 107.43
41.4
2. 37 106.91
40.9
2.38 106.30
40.8
2. 40 107. 27
41.1
2. 44 110.09
2.42 108.09
40.8
2. 43 104.54
39.7
2.43 107.98
40.7
40.3
2.44 107.45
40.7
2.44 108.12
2. 45 109.06
40.9
Vegetable and animal
oils and fats 2
Fertilizers
$1.60 $74.58
1.69 78.67
1.70 80. 78
1.73 82.47
1.73 81.10
1.74 78.85
1.73 78.32
1.72 79.00
1.73 79.17
1.74 80.19
1.73 80.15
1.68 81.10
1.69 81.78
1.77 81.08
1.76 84.48
45.2
44.7
43.9
44.1
43.6
44.8
45.8
45.4
45.5
44.8
43.8
43.6
43.5
42.9
44.0
Essential oils,perfumes, Compressedandliguefled gases
cosmdics
39.0
38.9
38.8
38.6
39.0
39.7
38.6
38.9
39.5
38.9
39.1
39.0
39.2
39.1
39.0
$1.70 $90.09
1.77 95.91
1. 79 96.83
1.76 96. 79
1.78 95.08
1.79 98.09
1.78 96.70
1.78 99.25
1.82 96. 93
1.82 97.58
1.84 97.82
1.8C 96.15
1.85 98.23
1.86 98. 71
1.85 100. 08
42.1
41.7
42.1
41.9
41.7
42.1
41.5
41.7
40.9
41.0
41.1
40.4
41.1
41.3
41.7
40.9 $2.40
41.2
2.54
41.2
2.55
41.0
2.53
41.8
2.57
41.6
2.57
41.2
2.58
41.1
2.61
41.7
2. 64
41.1
2.63
39.6
2.64
2.64
40.9
2.64
40.7
2. 65
40.8
2.66
41.0
Vegetable oils
$1.65 $67.95
1.76 71.52
1.84 73.53
1.87 76.46
1.86 74.90
1.76 71.65
1.71 72.07
1.74 71.91
1.74 73.15
1.79 74.29
1.83 73. 48
1.86 74.63
1.88 77.44
1.89 77. 22
1.92 80.48
45.0
44.7
43.0
43.2
42.8
44.5
46.2
45.8
46.3
45.3
44.0
43.9
44.0
42.9
43.5
Total: Products of
petroleum and coal
$2.14 $104.39
2.30 108.39
2.30 108.79
2.31 111.64
2. 28 109.21
2.33 113.30
2.33 110.03
2.38 111.11
2.37 111.38
2.38 109.89
2.38 108.53
2.38 109.07
2.39 110.97
2. 3! 1 110.16
2.40 111. 38
1956: Average_____
1957: Average__ _
June_______
July_______
August..
September. ..
October____
November. _
December__
1958: January____
February___
M arch____
April______
M a y . . . ___
June_______
$100.95
106.52
107.23
112. 20
107.8C
107. 2(
105.12
106.62
105.8'
98.52
93.02
98.0£
95. 6'
99. 42
104. 5(
39.9 $2.53
40.5
2.63
41.4
2.59
42.5
2.6'
41.
2. 6Í
2. 6i
40.
39.
2.6Í
39.2
2. 71
39.2
2. 7(i
36.
2. 6’
2. 6.
35.
37. C 2.6
2.6
36.
37.
2.6
2.7
38.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Rubber footwear
$71.89
73. 47
72. 29
72.13
73. Of
74. 4f
76.01
78. 9i
79.3.
74. 8’
74.6:
76.6:
75.4(
75.8,
77. 2(
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.2
39.7
39.
39.
40.
40.9
39.2
39.
39.
39.
39.
40.
41.6 $2.07
41.0
2.18
41.6
2.18
41.4
2.19
41.4
2.20
40.8
2.20
2. 22
40.6
40.3
2.22
2. 22
40.3
2.23
40.0
39.9
2.23
2.24
40.0
40.2
2.23
40.7
2.25
42.1
2.27
Animal oils and fats
$1.51 $85.35
1.60 88. 75
1.71 89.55
1.77 89.95
1.75 88.31
1.61 89.95
1.56 89.75
1.57 91.39
1.58 89.32
1.64 90.00
1.67 91.12
1.70 90.29
1.76 88.17
1.80 86.43
1.85 89.65
45.4 $1.88
44.6
1.99
45.0
1.99
45.2
1.99
44.6
1.98
45.2
1.99
45. 1 1.99
2.04
44.8
44.0
2.03
43.9
2.05
43.6
2.09
43.2
2.09
42.8
2.06
43.0
2.01
44.6
2. 01
41.1
40.9
40.9
41.5
40.6
41.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.5
40.5
40.8
$84.04
87.33
88.61
88.81
89.01
87.72
87.70
87.45
87. 23
86.76
86. 76
87. 60
87.42
89. 76
94.13
41.4 $2.03
2.13
41.0
41.6
2.13
41.5
2.14
41.4
2.15
40.8
2.15
40.6
2.16
40.3
2.17
40.2
2.17
39.8
2.18
39.8
2. 18
2. 19
40.0
2. 18
40.1
40.8
2 20
42. 4 2.22
Miscellaneous chemcals 2
$80. 38
84.03
84.03
83. 21
83. 82
85.47
84. 82
85.63
86.46
85.60
86.22
86.18
86. 22
86. 40
87.23
40.8 $1.97
40.4
2.08
40.4
2.08
40.2
2.07
40.3
2.08
2. 10
40.7
40.2
2.11
40.2
2.13
40.4
2. 14
40.0
2.14
40.1
2.15
2.16
39.9
40.1
2.15
40.0
2.16
40.2
2.17
Rubber products
other petroleum Total: Rubber prodPetroleum refining Coke,
and coal products
ucts
$2.54 $108.39
2. 65 112. 88
2.66 113.70
2.69 115.92
2.69 111.60
2. 7C 117.01
2.71 113.36
2.7C 115.87
2. 7C 116.31
2.72 115.06
2. 72 113. 24
2.72 114.09
2.74 115.59
2. 72 113. 65
2, 73 115. 46
40.9 $2. 65 $91.32
40.9
2. 76 96.00
40.9
2.78 94.30
41.4
2.80 98.41
40.0
2.79 101.39
41.2
2.84 101.81
40.2
2.82 99. 66
2.84 95.51
40.8
41.1
2. 8i 94. 33
2.82 93.06
40.8
40. S 2. 81 92.02
40.6
2.81 91.25
2. 8' 94. 96
40.7
40. C 2. 82 98. 2i
2. 83 97. 99
40.8
Rubber products-Continued
Tires and inner tubes
$86.11
89.38
90.69
90. 67
91.08
89.76
90.13
89.47
89. 47
89.20
88.98
89.60
89. 65
91.58
95. 57
Paintsf varnishts, lacquerSy and enamels
Products of petroleum and coal
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
1956: Average-------- $66. 30
68. 85
1957: Average------June ______ 69.45
Ju ly ________ 67.94
August----- .. 69.42
September___ 71.06
October ____ 68.71
November__
69.24
December___
71.89
70. 80
1958: January------February------ 71.94
M arch ........ .
71.37
72.52
April_______
72. 72
M ay_______
72.15
June_______
Paints, pigments, and
fillers 2
Soap and glycerin
41.7 $2.19
41.2
2. 33
2. 30
41.0
41.7
2.36
42.6
2. 38
42.6
2.39
41.7
2.39
40. c
2.37
39.8
2. 37
39. 1 2.38
38.5
2.39
2. 37
38.5
39.9
3.38
41. 1 2. 3f
2. 39
41.0
$87.23
91.53
91.21
94.16
92.84
92.97
93.0C
93. 2C
92. 4C
87.48
85.04
87.02
85.88
87.86
91.73
40.2 $2.17
2. 26
40.5
40.9
2.23
41.3
2. 28
40.9
2. 27
40.6
2.29
2.32
40.1
40. C 2. 33
40. (
2.31
38.2
2.29
37. C 2.28
38.0
2.29
2. 29
37.5
38.2
2. 30
39.2
2. 34
Leather and leather products
Leather and Leather: tanned, cur Industrial leather
Other rubber products Total:
leather products
ried, and finished
belting and packing
$1.85 $78.96
1.8C 82.62
1.83 81.81
1.8' 82.62
1.8' 83.8'
1.8! 85. OS
1.9
86.16
1.94 85. Of
1.9' 84.03
1.9
80.9'
1.9
80.32
1.9' 79.8"
1.9Í 79.8'
1.9. 80. 2'
1.9
83. 7'
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.7
41.1
41.1
41.
40.
40.'
39.1
38.1
38.
38.'
38.
39.
$1.94
2.0C
2.01
2. OC
2.0'
2.0'
2. K
2. K
2. OS
2.0'
2.0
2. OS
2. Oí
2.0
2.1
$56.02
57.60
58.21
58.67
58.67
57. 6f
57.04
57.3'
58.3'
58. If
57.4
56.8C
53.5'
55. 4
57. 41
37.6
37.4
37.8
38.1
38.
37.2
36.8
36.
37.
37.
36.8
36.2
34.
35.C
36.
$1.49 $74. 24
1.54 76. 64
1.54 77.81
1.54 76.8C
1.5' 77.22
1.55 77.42
1.55 77.81
1.5’ 77. 61
1.5( 78.8(
1.5( 77.42
1.5
77. o:
1.5
75.6,
1.5
74.6
1.5
75.8
1.5
78.9
39.7
39.
39.
39.'
39.'
39.C
39.
39.1
39. f
39.
38.'
38.
37.
38.
39.
$1.87 $73. 71
1.95 77. 2'
1.95 7 4 . r
1.95 77.3f
1.91 78.9
1.9- 79. i:
1.9Í 77. »
1.9< 78.3'
1.9< 76.7
1.9S 75. 4. 1
1.9Í 71. 2,
1.9' 72.5
1.9Í 69.1
1.9
70.8
2.0
73.7
40.5 $1.82
41.
1.88
40T
1.86
40.5
1.91
41.
1.92
41.1
1.93
41.1
1.90
40.
1.92
40.'
1.90
39.
1.90
37.
1.89
1.89
38.'
37. i 1.87
37.
1.90
38.
1.93
C.— EARNINGS
T a ble C - l .
AND HOURS
H ours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, b y industry
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
►
1069
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Con.
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation and
public utilities
Nondurable goods—Continued
Transportation
Year and month
Leather and leather products—Continued
^
t
Boot and shoe cut
Footwear (except
Handbags and small
Luggage
stock and findings
rubber)
leather goods
1956: Average....... . $53. 63
37.5 $1.43 $53.57
37.2 $1.44 $62.88
39.3 $1.60 $51. OO 37.5 $1.3€
1957: Average_____ 55. 42
1.47 55.13
37.7
1.4S 62.43
1.42
37.0
38.3
1.63 53. 65
37.8
June________ 57. 72
39.0
1.48 55.73
37.4
1.62 52.82
1.49 63.50
37.2
1.42
39.2
July.......... .
56.74
38.6
1.47 56.09
1. 48 64. 40 40.0
37.fi
37.3
1.43
1.61 53. 34
A ugust_____ 56.30
1.47 56. 32
38.3
1.49 63.27
37.8
38.4
39.3
1.61 54.14
1. 41
September___ 53.95
1.47 54.90
36.7
36.6
1.64 53. 58
1.50 65.11
39.7
1.41
38.0
1.49 54.15
October_____ 55.28
37.1
1.65 54.10
36.1
1.50 62. 21
37.7
1.42
38.1
36.3
November___ 54. 81
35.7
1.51 53.91
1.66 56.16
1.51 61.92
37.3
1. 44
39.0
38.3
1.50 55.35
December___
36.9
1.42
57. 45
1.50 61.25
36.9
1. 66 54.95
38.7
1958: January ..
37.7
1.50 56.17
37.2
1.69 54. 67 37.7
56.55
1.51 56.62
33.5
1.45
February____ 55. 65 37.1
1.50 54. 96 36.4
1.69 55.83
1.51 59. 32
35.1
38.5
1.45
March______
35.8
35.5
1.52 60.29
1. 67 56.12
38.7
1. 50 53.96
36.1
1.45
53.70
April___ ____ 52.90
34.8
1. 52 49. 68 32.9
1.68 52. 49
36.2
1.51 62. 33 37.1
1.45
May____
54.96
36.4
1.51 51.94
34.4
1.51 63. 25 38.1
1.66 52.13
36.2
1.44
June.........
1.51 54.36
1.65 53. 36 36.8
1.51 63.69
38.6
57.38
38.0
36.0
1.45
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Transportation—Con.
^
f
^
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
June...
J u ly _______
August_____
September___
October........ .
November___
December___
1958: January
February____
March__
April.......
May________
June________
Communication
Local railways and
Switchboardoperat
Telephone
buslines
ing employees •
$84. 48 43.1 $1.96 $73. 47 39.5 $1.86 $60.70
37.7 $1.61
1.69
2.05 76.05
1.95 62.70
88. 56 43.2
39.0
37.1
2. 04 76.44
39.2
37.4
1.69
44.1
1.95 63.21
89. 96
1.69
43.7
2.06 76. 63 39.5
1.94 64.05
37.9
90.02
43.4
38.9
1.94 62.50
37.2
1.68
2. 06 75.47
89.40
1.95 66. 86 39.1
90.05
43.5
2.07 75.66
38.8
1.71
39.2
1.70
2.07 77.22
1.97 63.41
37.3
43.0
89.01
2 07 79.20
1.98 62.87
37.2
1.69
42.9
88.80
40.0
1.73
35.9
89.65
2.08 77. 59 38.6
43.1
2.01 62.11
1.73
35.3
42.6
2. 08 76. 38 38.0
2.01 61.07
88. 61
1.74
36.3
38.2
88.83
42.5
2.09 76.78
2.01 63.16
1.74
35.2
42.6
2.02 61.25
2 09 76. 36 37.8
89.03
1.74
42.7
2.11 76. 53 37.7
2.03 61.42
35.3
90.10
1.77
2.04
2.10
77.11
37.8
35.6
43.0
63.01
90.30
1.75
2.12 78.69
38.2
2.06 63. 35 36.2
42.9
90.95
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Other public utilities
Line construction
employees 1
$101. 36
102.48
103.20
103.63
101. 76
101. 40
104.00
104. 92
105.22
102.09
101. 76
102.18
101.84
101. 75
105.16
43.5
42.7
43.0
43.0
42.4
41.9
42.8
43.0
42.6
41.5
41.2
41.2
40.9
40.7
41.4
Total: Gas and elec
tric utilities
$2.33 $82. 74 42.0 $1.97 $91. 46 41.2 $2.22
2.33
41.8
2.40 87.36
40.9
2.09 95.30
2.40 88.62
40.9
2. 33
42.2
2.10 95. 30
41.2
2. 33
2. 41 88.62
42.2
2.10 96.00
2. 34
2. 40 87. 99 41.9
41.0
2.10 95.94
2.42 87.99
2. 37
41.9
41.0
2.10 97.17
2.38
2.43 87.15
41.5
2.10 97. 58 41.0
2.44 85.69
2. 38
41.0
41.0
2.09 97.58
2.47 85. 89 40.9
2.40
41.2
2.10 98.88
2. 39
2.46 85.90
40.8
41.1
2.09 97. 51
2.41
2.47 86.10
41.0
41.0
2.10 98.81
2.42
2. 48 86. 52 41.2
2.10 97. 77 40.4
2.44
2.49 87.35
41.4
2.11 99. 55 40.8
2. 43
2.50 89.04
2. 12 98. 42 40.5
42.0
2. 54 91.34
2.46
40.7
41.9
2.18 100.12
Wholesale and retail trade
Other public utilities—Continued
Electric light and
power utilities
^
1956: Average
$93. 38
1957: Average
97.06
June___
98.59
July________
98.41
August______ 97.88
September___ 98. 47
October...
98. 64
November___ 99.29
December___ 99. 95
1958: January_____ 98. 98
February____ 99.14
March______ 99.80
April____
100.45
M ay..
99. 72
June___
101.18
41.5
41.3
41.6
41.7
41.3
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.7
40.8
$2.25
2.35
2.37
2.36
2.37
2. 39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2. 42
2.43
2.44
2. 45
2. 45
2.48
Department stores
and general mail
order houses
i
t
1956: Average_____ $48. 77
35.6
1957: Average_____
34.9
50.26
J u n e... .
34.9
51.30
July________
34.7
51.01
34.9
August______ 50.95
34.7
September___ 50.66
34.2
October. _. .. 49.93
November___ 49. 39 34.3
December___
52. 54 37.0
1958: January_____ 50.57
34.4
34.6
February____ 50.52
March______
51.10
35.0
34.8
April_______
51.50
May________ 52.15
35.0
June_____ _ 1 53. 91 35.7
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Class I railroads *
Gloves and miscella
neous leather goods
37.0 $1.31 $88.40
$48.47
41.7 $2.12
36.2
1.37 94.24
41.7
2.26
49. 5fi
50. 01
1.37 93.07
41. C 2.27
36.5
49.32
36.0
1.37 95. 42 42.6
2. 24
50.32
37.0
42.3
2.26
1.36 95.60
2.28
36.6
50.14
1.37 93. 71
41.1
2.25
49. 78 36.6
1.36 94. 95 42.2
48. 37 34.8
40.9
2. 40
1.39 98.16
48.69
2.
40
1.36 97.92
35.8
40.8
49.32
2. 38
1.37 99.01
41.6
36.0
2. 44
50. 46 36.3
41.5
1.39 101.26
50.40
36.0
40. 1 2.40
1.40 96. 24
41.4
2. 39
35.7
50. 34
1.41 98. 95
41.2
2. 43
49. 98 35.7
1.40 100.12
50.04
1.39
36.0
$86. 30
90.13
89.42
90.72
90.09
91.76
93.07
93.25
94. 58
92.80
96.05
93.15
92.46
92.23
94. 07
40.9
40.6
40.1
40.5
40.4
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.3
40.7
41.4
40.5
40.2
40.1
40.2
$2.11
2.22
2.23
2.24
2. 23
2.26
2. 27
2.28
2.29
2. 28
2. 32
2.30
2.30
2.30
2. 34
Food and liquor
stores
$1.37 $63.38
1.44 65.50
1.47 66. 04
1.47 67.46
1.46 67.28
1.46 66. 43
1.46 65.34
1.44 65. 52
1.42 65.52
1.47 65.70
1.46 65.87
1.46 65.87
1.48 66.23
1.49 66. 42
1.51 67. 891
37.5
36.8
37.1
37.9
37.8
36.7
36.1
36.0
36.2
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
36.5
Retail trade
Electric light and
gas utilities combined
Gas utilities
$93.11
97.10
96.05
97.58
97.99
98.98
99.80
99.80
100. 86
100. 21
100. 86
98. 85
103.48
102. 97
104.14
41.2
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.0
40.9
40.9
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.0
39.7
40.9
40.7
41.0
43.7
43.8
43.9
43.9
43.9
43.8
43.6
43.5
43.7
43.8
43.3
43.7
43.7
43.8
43.8
Wholesale trade
$2.26 $81.20
2.38 84.42
2.36 85.03
2.38 85.24
2.39 85.24
2.42 86 05
2. 44 85.63
2. 44 85.60
2.46 86.46
2.45 85.41
2. 46 85. 57
2.49 85.79
2.53 85.14
2.53 86.40
2. 54 87.23
Automotive and ac
cessories dealers
$1.69 $81.28
1.78 83.22
1.78 84.73
1.78 84.29
1.78 84. 73
1.81 84.10
1.81 82.84
1.82 82.65
1.81 82.16
1.83 82.34
1.84 80. 54
1.84 81.28
1.85 81.72
1.85 83.66
1.86 84.10
Telegraph 8
40.4
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.2
40.0
40.4
40.1
39.8
39.9
39.6
40.0
40.2
$2.01
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.14
2. 13
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.17
Apparel and acces
sories stores
$1.86 $47. 54
1.90 49.13
1.93 49. 91
1.92 50. 77
1.93 49.77
1.92 49.68
1.90 49.30
1.90 49.25
1.88 50.62
1.88 50.81
1.86 50.26
1.86 49.19
1.87 50. 08
1.91 50.72
1.92 51.16
34.7
34.6
34.9
35.5
35.3
34.5
34.0
34.2
35.4
34.8
34.9
34.4
34.3
34.5
34.8
$1.37
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.41
1.44
1.45
1.44
1.43
1.46
1.44
1.43
1.46
1.47
1.47
Retail trade (except General merchandise
eating and drinking
stores
places)
38.6 $1.57 $43.40
$60.60
35.0 $1.24
1.30
34.5
1.64 44.85
62.48
38.1
1.33
34.4
38.2
1.66 45.75
63.41
1.32
1.67 45. 67 34.6
64.46
38.6
1.31
1.66 45.72
64.08
34.9
38.6
34.2
1.31
1.67 44.80
63.63
38.1
1.32
33.7
1.67 44.48
62.79
37.6
1.31
33.7
1.66 44.15
37.5
62.25
1.28
36.0
1.63 46.08
38.3
62.43
1.35
1.68 45. 77 33.9
37.8
63.50
1.34
1.68 45.69
34.1
37.8
63.50
1.33
34.4
1.67 45.75
63.13
37.8
1.34
34.2
1.68 45.83
37.8
63.50
1.35
1.69 46. 31 34.3
37.8
63.88
1.37
34.9
1.71 47.81
65. 32 38.2
Other retail trade
Furniture and appli Lumber and hard
ware supply stores
ance stores
$69.30
42.0 $1.65 $72. 68 42 5 $1.71
1.77
42.2
41.9
1.70 74.69
71.23
1.78
42.5
1.71 75.65
71.65
41.9
1.78
42.7
71.14
41.6
1.71 76.01
1.78
1.72 76.01
42.7
42.1
72.41
42.4
1.80
1.72 76. 32
41.8
71.90
42.4
1.79
1.72 75.90
41.7
71.72
1.79
41.6
41.9
71.65
1.71 74.46
1.74 74.40
41.8
1. 78
42.6
74.12
1.79
41.3
1.72 73.93
71.72
41.7
1.79
1.67 73. 03 40.8
41.6
69.47
41.3
1.80
41.5
1.66 74.34
68.89
1.81
41.6
1.65 75.30
41.8
68.97
1.84
42.3
1.69 77.83
42.0
70.98
1.82
1.73 77. 53 42.6
72. 14 41.7
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1070
T able
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
hrly.
eamings eamings
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 8
Year and month
Banks
and
trust
com
panies
$61. 97
64. 21
63.80
64. 52
64.31
64. 48
64. 74
64. 64
65.15
65. 56
65.60
65.53
65.60
65. 72
65. 82
1956: Average........1957: Average____
June_______
July_._...........
A u g u st.-___
September__
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January____
February___
March......... .
April..............
M a y ............
June__ _____
Security
dealers
and ex
changes
$97. 56
98. 77
100.13
101. 44
96.84
95.44
97.70
98. 99
98. 00
98.19
97.77
95. 65
98.64
103. 60
103.74
C-2.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
hrly.
earnings eamings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
hrly.
eamings eamings
Service and miscellaneous
Personal services
Insur
ance
carriers
Hotels, year-round 18
Laundries
$42.13
43. 52
43.42
43.93
44. 25
44.11
44.00
44.40
44. 69
44. 40
44. 58
44.29
44. 29
44.80
44.97
$77. 49
80.73
80. 95
81.33
81.43
81.13
80. 77
81.02
81.78
82.12
82. 68
82. 60
82. 38
82.59
82. 70
$1.03
1.08
1.08
1.09
1.09
1.10
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.13
40.9
40.3
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.0
39.8
r i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of these series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
In addition, hours and earnings data for anthracite mining have been
revised from January 1953 and are not comparable with those published in
Issues prior to August 1958.
For mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants,
data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to
construction workers; and for the remaining industries, unless otherwise
noted, to nonsupervisory workers and working supervisors.
Data for the latest month are preliminary.
2 Italicized titles which follow are components of this industry.
* Averages shown for 1956 are not strictly comparable with those for later
years.
4
Data beginning with January 1958 are not strictly comparable with those
shown for earlier years.
* Figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal com
panies) are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who
received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assist
ants (ICC Group I).
T able
Avg.
wkly.
hours
$42. 32
43. 27
44.04
43.38
43.34
43. 96
43. 73
43.29
43. 85
43.68
43.23
43. 68
44. 30
44.75
45.26
40.3
39.7
40.4
39.8
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.5
39.0
38.6
39.0
39.2
39.6
39.7
Cleaning and dyeing plants
$1.05
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.12
1.12
1. 13
1.13
1.14
$49.77
50. 57
52.40
49. 91
48. 88
51.35
51.35
49. 78
50. 30
49.27
47.09
49. 53
50. 70
52. 40
53.07
39.5
38.9
40.0
38.1
37.6
39.2
38.9
38.0
38.4
37.9
36.5
38.1
38.7
39.7
39.9
Motion
picture
produc
tion and
distri
bution 8
$1.26
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
$91. 66
99.48
101.06
100.33
100. 83
98. 52
103.02
100.73
103. 67
97.43
98. 79
97.84
95.43
96.26
97.13
4
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. In 1957, such employees made up 39 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting
hours and earnings data.
7 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1957, such employees made
up 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establish
ments reporting hours and earnings data.
* Data relate to domestic nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
8 Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings data are not available.
i* Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BL8 Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for Class I railroads (see footnote 5).
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing
industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars 1
1958
Item
June 2
May
Annual
average
1957
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
$80. 81
65.43
$81.45
66.06
$80. 64
65.83
$81. 66
66. 77
$82. 74
68.04
$82.92
68.19
$82. 56
68.18
$82. 99
68. 53
$82. 80
68.43
$82.39
68.20
$82. 80 $82.39
68. 89 68. 54
1957
1956
Manufacturing
Gross average weekly eamings:
Current dollars__________
1947-49 dollars-................... -
83.10 ' 82.04
67.18
66. 38
Net spendable average weekly
eamings:
Worker with no dependents:
Current dollars_________
1947-49 dollars__________
Worker with 3 dependents:
Current dollars...... ...........
1947-49 dollars _________
68.14
55.08
67.29
54.44
66.30
53.68
66. 81
54.18
66.17
54.02
66. 98
54. 77
67.85
55.80
67. 99
55.91
67. 70
55.90
68. 05
56.19
67.90
56.12
67. 57
55. 94
67.90
56. 49
67. 57
56.21
65.86
56. 68
75. 55
61.08
74.68
60.42
73. 67
59. 65
74.20
60.18
73. 54
60.03
74.37
60. 81
75.26
61.89
75.40
62. 01
75.11
62.02
75.46
62.31
75.31
62. 24
74. 97
62.06
75.31
62.65
74. 97
62.37
73.22
63.01
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Net spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, Federal social security and income taxes for
which the worker is liable. The amount of tax liability depends, of course,
on the number of dependents supported by the worker as well as on the level
of his gross income. Net spendable earnings have been computed for 2 types
of income-receivers: (1) a worker with no dependents; (2) a worker with 3
dependents. The primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring
relative changes in disposable earnings for 2 types of income receivers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$79. 99
68. 84
The computations of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross aver
age weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing without
direct regard to marital status, family composition, or other sources of
income.
Gross and net spendable average weekly earnings expressed in 1947-49
dollars indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings after adjust
ment for changes in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s Con
sumer Price Index.
J Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble C -3 .
1071
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Industry
T o ta l............................................................
Mining _ ________________ ___________
Contract construction_______ __________
M anufacturing_______________________
Durable goods.___________ ___________
Ordnance and accessories............. ..........
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_________ ___________
Furniture and fixtures________
Stone, clay, and glass products..............
Primary metal industries___________
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)_____
Machinery (except electrical)................
Electrical machinery_______________
Transportation equipment................. .
Instruments and related products.........
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries__________________________
Nondurable goods...................................
Food and kindred products_____ ____
Tobacco manufactures............................
Textile-mill products.............................
Apparel and other finished textile
products______ ________________
Papier and allied products......................
Printing, publishing and allied Industries_________________________
Chemicals and allied products...............
Products of petroleum and coal.............
Rubber products....................................
Leather and leather products.................
July* June * May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
94.0
67.5
132.5
90.2
92.3
289.4
93.9
68.0
129.2
90.6
93.5
300.5
90.9
65.1
122.7
88.1
91.3
297.9
89.0
64.5
109.1
87.8
91.6
303.9
89.9
67.0
98.9
90.2
94.4
298.2
89.7
69.3
85.9
91.5
95.7
294.4
93.9
72.6
102.4
94.1
99.5
302.2
99.7
76.9
112.9
99.3
105.7
305.5
102.0
76.1
120.2
101.1
108.3
304.3
105.9
79.8
137.0
103.2
110.0
309.2
108.2
83.1
141.3
105.1
111.0
325.0
108.9
83.4
145.5
105.4
112.4
335.1
106.6
83.3
143.2
102.9
110.9
329.9
105.6
81.4
127.3
104.1
112.9
339.4
109.9
83.8
135.0
108.1
117.3
378.8
73.6
94.0
93.9
81.0
75.8
92.4
94.8
80.8
70.3
88.7
91.0
77.1
66.2
89.0
88.9
77.2
65.6
92.7
89.2
81.0
65.4
93.7
89.2
82.7
66.4
95.1
93.0
87.8
70.1
101.9
98.9
94.3
72.9
103.1
102.8
97.0
77.6
107.4
105.5
99.7
76.3
108.5
107.3
103.2
82.3
107.4
107.0
104.6
79.2
101.0
101.9
105.4
76.6
103.9
104.5
105.4
88.1
107.7
109.6
110.6
96.4
85.0
111.4
104.7
101.0
97.9
86.5
110.7
107.7
102.2
94.6
87.5
109.1
107.1
101.3
94.8
89.9
110.9
108.3
104.0
98.0
92.9
114.3
113.5
105.4
99.8
93.7
116.7
116.5
106.8
105.1
97.1
120.9
122.9
109.5
111.8
100.7
127.2
133.4
112.9
115.3
101.1
131.0
135.5
114.9
116.1
104.5
133.5
130.0
115.4
116.3
107.5
137.6
125.9
117.6
115.2
106.2
134.7
135.6
116.6
113.3
109.2
130.8
134.9
114.1
115.9
111.0
134.0
139.6
117.5
116.6
116.5
138.5
138.5
121.1
89.1
87.8
89.3
65.8
67.2
91.3
87.0
84.5
69.0
67.9
88.3
84.3
78.7
67.1
65.3
88.6
83.3
75.4
66.1
64.5
90.1
85.2
74.7
68.4
66.8
89.7
86.6
75.5
74.5
68.0
89.4
87.8
77.8
81.2
68.1
95.6
91.7
83.6
86.0
72.5
103.0
92.4
86.4
81.5
72.7
106.6
95.1
91.8
91.9
74.7
107.9
98.1
100.4
100.3
75.3
103.8
97.0
97.8
88.4
75.1
95.7
93.5
92.9
70.2
72.9
101.2
93.7
86.4
80.8
74.7
105.9
97.0
90.6
86.4
80.6
92.0
104.2
92.4
106.2
91.3
104.0
90.5
104.5
94.0
105.8
98.2
105.9
96.7
108.2
98.7
112.0
100.4
112.7
102.4
114.8
105.4
115.8
106.0
114.1
98.3
112.1
102.0
113.9
104.1
116.4
106.6
97.1
87.3
86.8
88.2
107.7
97.6
85.6
86.8
85.0
107.3
98.6
84.5
82.7
78.3
108.4
100.0
84.1
83.0
75.3
109.5
100.0
83.2
87.8
85.3
108.7
99.6
83.9
89.7
88.6
109.5
101.5
86.2
96.5
88.8
113.5
104.1
88.2
104.3
89.8
112.2
104.4
89.3
105.1
87.7
113.7
105.3
89.9
105.8
88.8
114.1
105.7
93.2
105.6
90.5
111.5
104.5
91.2
105.2
94.1
110.6
104.3
93.1
103.9
91.6
112.4
106.2
91.1
104.8
90.8
112.7
108.3
93.8
106.7
93.9
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related
workers; for contract construction, to construction workers.
T a ble C -4 .
* Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Indexes of aggregate w eekly payrolls in industrial and construction a ctiv ities 1
[1947-49=100]
1958
Annual
average
1957
Activity
June* Ju n e 2 May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Mining_____________________________
104.7
99.0
98.2
103.6
108.0
112.5
119.2
117.6
123.1
129.7
128 5
128.6
124.3
121.6
Contract construction___ ______________
215.4
205.1
183.2
166.3
145.5
172.8
188.9
200.2
226.6
234.1
237.4
232.2
207.1
207.7
Manufacturing___ ____________________ 145.1
144.7
140.9
139.6
143.6
144.9
149.9
157.3
160.7
162.6
164.7
164.6
160.9
162.7
161.4
1 See footnote 1, table 0-3.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1072
T able C-5.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Ex
Ex
Ex
Ex
Ex
Ex
Ex
Ex
Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding
over
over
over
over
over
over
over
over
time 3
time 1
time 3
time 3
time 3
time 3
time 3
time 3
Year and month
Durable goods
Total: Manu
facturing
Total: Durable
goods
1956: Average------1957: Average____
June..... ..........
July-----------August...........
September__
October.........
November__
December___
1958: January____
February.......
March______
April_______
May_______
June3..............
$1.98
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
$1.91
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.05
2.05
2.06
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.07
$2.10
2.20
2.19
2.20
2.21
2. 22
2.23
2. 24
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.25
2.25
2. 26
2.27
$2.03
2.14
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.20
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.22
Ordnance and
accessories
$2.19
2. 34
2.33
2.34
2. 34
2.37
2. 38
2. 40
2.42
2.44
2. 44
2.45
2.46
2. 46
2.49
$2.12
2. 28
2. 28
2.29
2.29
2.32
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.44
Lumber and
wood products
(except furni
ture)
$1.76
1.81
1.84
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.83
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.84
1.88
1.89
$1.69
1.75
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.78
1.78
1.78
1. 75
1.77
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.82
Furniture and
fixtures
$1.69
1.75
1.75
1.74
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.78
$1.64
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.71
1.71
1. 71
1.72
1. 72
1.73
1. 74
1.74
1.74
1. 74
Stone, clay, and Primary metal
glass products
industries
$1.96
2.05
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.10
$1.88
1.98
1.96
1.97
1.98
2.00
2.01
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.02
2.03
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except elec
trical)
1956: Average__
1957: Average---June_____
July............
August___
September.
October___
November.
December..
1958: January...
February..
March.......
April........
May_____
June*____
$2. 21
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.32
2.33
2.33
2.34
2. 34
2.35
2.36
2.36
2.37
2.37
$2.12
2.23
2.23
2.23
2.23
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.33
Electrical
machinery
$1.98
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
$1.92
2.02
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
Transportation
equipment
$2.31
2.41
2.40
2.41
2. 42
2. 45
2.47
2. 50
2. 48
2.46
2.46
2.47
2. 47
2.49
2.51
$2.23
2.35
2.34
2.35
2. 37
2.39
2.40
2. 41
2.42
2.41
2.42
2. 43
2. 44
2. 45
2. 46
$2.29
2.44
2.41
2. 46
2.48
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.54
2.55
2.57
$2.07
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.27
$2.00
2.11
2.10
2.12
2.12
2.13
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.21
Nondurable goods
Instruments
and related
products
$2.01
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
$2.36
2.50
2.47
2.53
2.54
2.57
2.55
2. 54
2. 55
2. 56
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.58
2.61
Fabricated
metal products
$1.96
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.09
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
$1.75
1.81
1.80
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.85
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.85
$1.69
1.76
1.75
1.76
1.75
1.75
1. 75
1.77
1.78
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.80
Total: Non
durable goods
$1.80
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
$1.75
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.89
Food and kin Tobacco manu
dred products
factures
$1.83
1.93
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.91
1.94
1.96
1.97
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
$1.76
1.86
1.86
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.87
1.89
1.90
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.95
1.94
$1.44
1.52
1.58
1.61
1.48
1.45
1.46
1.54
1.54
1.56
1.56
1.59
1.65
1.66
1. 66
$1.42
1.50
1.55
1.57
1.46
1.42
1.44
1.51
1.51
1.53
1.55
1.58
1.62
1.63
1.63
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average___
1957: Average___
June.......... .
July..............
August____
September...
October___
November...
December...
1958: January___
February__
March_____
April............
May______
June3_____
$1.45
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1. 51
$1.40
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1. 47
1.47
Apparel and
Paper and
Printing, pub Chemicals and
other finished allied products lishing, and al allied products
textile products
lied industries 4
$1.45
1.49
1.48
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.50
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
$1.43
1.47
1.46
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.48
1. 48
$1.94
2.04
2.03
2.06
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
$1.84
1.94
1.94
1.96
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.02
$2.42
2. 50
2. 50
2. 50
2.51
2. 53
2.53
2.52
2. 54
2. 54
2. 55
2. 56
2.55
2.58
2.58
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
3 Derived by assuming that the overtime hours shown In table C-6 are paid
for at the rate of time and one-half.
* Preliminary.
4 Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, are not available separately
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.11
2.22
2.23
2.25
2. 25
2. 25
2.24
2.26
2.26
2. 27
2.28
2.27
2.27
2. 29
2.31
$2.05
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.24
2.26
Products of
petroleum and
coal
$2.54
2.65
2.66
2.69
2.69
2. 73
2.71
2.73
2.73
2.72
2.72
2.72
2. 74
2.72
2.73
$2.47
2.59
2.60
2.62
2.63
2.66
2. 65
2.67
2. 68
2.68
2.68
2.68
2.69
2.67
2.68
Rubber prod
ucts
Leather and
leather prod
ucts
$2.17
2.26
2.23
2.28
2.27
2.29
2.32
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.28
2.29
2.29
2.30
2.34
$1.49
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.57
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.57
1.57
1. 57
$2.09
2.18
2.15
2.18
2.18
2.21
2.23
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.24
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.27
$1.47
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.53
1. 54
1.54
1.55
1.56
1. 55
1.55
for the printing, publishing, and allied industries group, as graduated over
time rates are found to an extent likely to make average overtime pay signif
icantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the industry in the
nondurable-goods total has little effect.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1073
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
C-6.
Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Durable goods
Year and month
Total manufac
turing
1956: Average.........
1957: Average.........
June...............
July-----------August_____
September__
October ____
November__
December___
1958: January____
February___
March.........-April..............
May. _____
June 3.............
40.4
39.8
40.0
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.5
39.3
39.4
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.3
38.7
39.2
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.9
Total: Durable
goods
41.1
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.2
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8
39.1
39.6
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.7
Ordnance and
accessories
41.8
40.8
40.7
40.0
40.1
40.1
39.9
40.0
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
40.6
2.9
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
Lumber and
wood products
(except furn
iture)
40.3
39.8
40.7
39.5
41.1
38.9
40.2
39.1
39.0
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.6
40.6
3.3
2.8
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.6
3.1
Furniture and Stone, clay, and Primar y metal
indu stries
glass products
fixtures
40.8
40.0
39.7
39.3
40.7
40.9
40.7
39.7
39.9
38.5
38.4
38.6
38.0
37.8
38.9
2.8
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.7
41.1
40.5
40.8
40.4
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.1
39.8
39.2
38.6
39.1
39.0
39.7
40.2
3.6
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.8
1956: Average____
1957: Average.........
June_______
July-----------August_____
September__
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January....... .
February___
March______
A p ril.......... .
May............. .
June3______
42.2
41.0
41.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.6
3.7
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
Electrical
machinery
40.8
40.1
40.4
39.7
40.2
40.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.6
2.6
1.9
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.0
1.2
Transportation
equipment
40.9
40.4
40.1
39.6
40.1
39.7
39.5
40.6
40.2
38.8
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.9
2.9
2.4
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.0
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
Instruments
and related
products
40.8
40.3
40.5
40.1
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.8
2.8
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.8
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
1.3
41.2
40.8
41.1
40.7
40.9
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.3
38.9
39.2
38.9
39.4
39.9
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.9
Nondurable good
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except elec
trical)
40.9
39.5
40.2
39.7
39.3
39.4
38.5
38.2
38.1
37.2
36.8
37.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
Fabrieated
metal products
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
Industries
40.3
39.9
39.9
39.5
40.0
40.3
39.9
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.0
39.2
39.0
39.1
39.5
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.9
Total Nondurabl e goods
39.5
39.1
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.3
38.1
38.1
37.7
38.1
38.7
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.1
Food and kindred p 'Oducts
41.0
40.5
40.9
41.5
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.1
39.7
39.6
39.7
40.2
40.6
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.1
Tobacc manufact ures
38.9
38.6
38.6
39.6
38.4
39.8
38.3
37.4
39.1
39.0
37.9
37.1
38.0
38.7
39.6
li
1.2
1.5
1.9
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.1
.7
.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average____
1957: Average____
June_______
J u l y _______
A ugust.-.......
September__
O ctober.........
November__
December___
1958: January____
February.......
March____
April___ ___
M a y ______
June 3______
39.6
38.9
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.1
39.1
38.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6
37.3
38.4
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.9
Printing, pub
Apparel and
other finished Paper and allied lishing, and al
lied industries
products
textile products
36.3
36.0
35.8
36.1
36.8
36.7
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.5
34.8
35.0
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.1
.9
.8
.9
.9
.8
.8
.9
42.8
42.3
42.2
42.3
42.5
42.9
42.4
41.9
41.9
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.7
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.8
38.8
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.6
38.8
38.4
38.0
38.6
37.7
37.7
37.9
37.7
37.6
37.7
i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
a Covers premium overtime hours of production and related workers during
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Overtime hours are
those for which premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the
number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend
4 7 6 5 5 1 -5 8 -
-9
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
Chemicals and
allied products
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.3
40.8
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.8
41.1
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
Products of
petroleum and
coal
41.1
40.9
40.9
41.5
40.6
41.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.5
40. 5
40.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1. 5
1.6
1.6
Rubbe r produc ts
40.2
40.5
40.9
41.3
40.9
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
38.2
37.3
38.0
6i. b
38.2
39.2
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.2
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.5
2.5
Leath er and
leathe produc ts
37.6
37.4
37.8
38.1
38.1
37.2
36.8
36.5
37.4
37.3
36.8
36.2
34.1
35.3
36.6
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
.6
.8
.9
and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of
premiums were paid are excluded. These data are not available prior to 1956.
3 Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department ef Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1074
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, b y State and selected
area i
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- hours earn- earn- hours earn- earn- hours earn- earn- hours
Ings
ings
Ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn- earn- hours earn- earn- hours earnings
ings
ings
ings
ings
*
^ 6&1 Blld lllOxith
Alabama
State
1956: Average_____ $64.15
1957: Average_____ 69.21
1957: June................ 68.85
July................ 69. 45
August--------- 71.82
September___ 72.25
October_____
70.35
November___ 68.92
December___
69.84
1958: January_____ 67.88
February........ 65.68
March______
67.30
April—............. 66.59
May________ 67.66
June................ 70.05
39.6
39.1
38.9
38.8
39.9
39.7
39.3
38.5
38.8
37.5
36.9
37.6
37.2
37.8
38.7
Arizona
Birmingham
$1.62 $82.82
1.77 89.60
1.77 88.84
1.79 92.06
1.80 91. 53
1.82 92.69
1.79 88.43
1.79 89.83
1.80 90.00
1.81 90.95
1.78 88.32
1.79 89.70
1.79 90.00
1.79 88.01
1.81 90.94
40.4
40.0
40.2
40.2
40.5
40.3
39.3
39.4
39.3
38.7
38.4
39.0
39.3
38.6
39.2
Mobile
$2.05 $76.95
2. 24 86.07
2.21 84.19
2.29 79. 42
2.26 91.65
2.30 90. 54
2.25 93.21
2.28 82.43
2.29 83.28
2.35 80. 77
2.30 77.65
2.30 79.80
2.29 79.07
2.28 80.34
2.32 81.87
40.5
40.6
39.9
38.0
41.1
40.6
41.8
38.7
39.1
38.1
36.8
38.0
38.2
39.0
38.8
Arkansas—Con.
40.4
40.3
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.7
40.4
39.2
40.4
39.5
39.7
38.8
39.8
39.9
40.5
$1.90 $90.09
2.12 90. 54
2.11 89.20
2.09 91.21
2.23 91.30
2.23 91.94
2.23 90.90
2.13 87.30
2.13 90.94
2.12 91.53
2.11 89.60
2.10 91.08
2.07 89. 55
2.06 92.21
2.11 91.71
42.1
40.6
40.0
40.9
40.4
40.5
40.4
39.5
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.3
39.8
40.8
40.4
Phoenix
$2.14 $87. 78
2.23 87.82
2.23 86. 46
2.23 88.04
2.26 88.98
2.27 89.82
2.25 88.70
2.21 86.29
2.24 88.00
2.26 90.68
2.24 90.00
2.26 91.48
2.25 90. 45
2.26 92.92
2.27 94.12
41.6
40.1
39.3
40.2
39.9
40.1
39.6
39.4
40.0
40.3
40.0
40.3
40.2
40.4
41.1
State
$1.36 $89.93
1.44 92.89
1.45 93.42
1.45 92.38
1.44 92.89
1.44 93.14
1.45 91.91
1.45 93.14
1.46 94.07
1.47 92.84
1.46 93.76
1.46 94.03
1.46 93.35
1.48 95.17
1.47 97.22
40.6
40.0
40.1
39.8
40.3
40.1
39.4
39.3
39.5
38.8
39.2
39.2
38.9
39.4
39.8
Fresno
$2.22 $77.20
2.32 78.87
2.33 79.66
2.32 77.64
2.30 81.57
2.32 78.81
2. 33 80.02
2.37 72.90
2.38 75.21
2.39 73.89
2.39 76. 65
2.40 73.83
2.40 75.56
2.42 77.30
2. 44 76.81
38.8
37.8
38.0
37.1
39.5
38.1
38.5
35.1
36.1
34.9
36.1
34.7
35.4
36.0
36.0
Los Angeles-Long
Beach
$1.99 $89.90
2.09 93.42
2.10 93.59
2.09 93.32
2.07 92.96
2.07 92.68
2.08 92.35
2.08 93.30
2.08 94. 77
2.12 93.88
2.13 93.88
2.13 94.36
2.13 93.24
2.15 95.13
2.13 96.89
40.9
40.5
40.5
40.4
40.2
39.9
39.7
39.7
40.1
39.6
39.6
39.7
39.2
39.6
39.9
$2.20
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.32
2.33
2. 35
2. 36
2.37
2. 37
2.38
2.38
2. 40
2.43
Sacramento
$92. 59
96.03
87.15
95.26
90. 75
105.28
96.42
99.08
101. 57
104. 90
105. 78
102.06
103.47
98.32
103.16
41.5
40.1
35.7
38.7
39.4
44.9
40.7
39.8
40.3
41.9
42.1
40.7
41.9
40.5
40.5
California—-Continued
San Diego
1956: Average...........
1957: Average_____
1957: June________
July.................
A ugust...........
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February........
March______
April.......... .
May...... ..........
June............. .
$92.31
93. 75
92.61
92.38
93.67
94.10
92.42
92. 41
95.89
98. 75
98.09
101.01
99. 66
102.29
106.26
41.6
40.9
40.7
40.4
40.5
40.5
39.8
39.5
40.4
41.4
41.1
41.8
41.3
41.2
41.7
State
$2.11 $56.30
2.19 58.11
2.20 57.38
2.19 58.03
2.23 58.15
2.24 59. 71
2.24 59. 54
2.19 57.22
2.20 58.41
2.25 57.96
2.25 58.26
2.27 57.13
2.25 57. 48
2.30 56.21
2.29 57.77
40. 5
39.8
39.3
40.3
40.1
40.9
40. 5
38.4
39.2
38.9
39.1
38.6
39.1
38. 5
39.3
$1.39
1.46
1.44
1. 45
1 46
1.47
1 49
1.49
1 49
1.49
1.48
1.47
1. 46
1.47
J
+■
California
Little Rock-North
Little Rock
1956: Average_____ $54.94
1957: Average_____ 58.03
1957: June................ 58.58
July........ ........ 58.87
August----. . .
58.32
September___ 58. 61
October........... 58.58
November___ 56.84
December___
58.98
1958: January_____ 58.07
February____ 57.96
March______
56. 65
April............... 58.11
May________ 59.05
June................ 59. 54
State
Arkansas
San FranciscoOakland
$2.22 $92.12
2.29 95. 67
2.27 96.50
2.29 96.01
2.31 96. 51
2.32 97.99
2.32 95.66
2.34 96.10
2.37 96.10
2.39 95.91
2.39 95. 55
2. 42 96.91
2.42 96.03
2.48 97. 47
2. 55 99.22
39.7
39.2
39.6
39.1
39.8
40.2
38. 9
38.3
38.3
38.2
38.0
38.2
37.8
38.5
39.0
41.3
40.6
40.4
40.5
43.6
42.8
37.5
40.4
39.0
37.7
39.0
38.5
38.5
39.8
40.5
$2.23 $87.86
2. 40 92. 57
2. 44 93.32
2.46 93.30
2.30 93.39
2.35 92.96
2.37 93.72
2. 51 93. 35
2.52 97.01
2. 51 94. 56
2.51 98.01
2. 51 94.41
2.47 95.20
2.43 96.22
2. 55 105.18
40.4
39.9
40. 5
40.2
40.1
39.7
39.4
39. 4
40.4
39. 4
40.3
39.5
39.5
40.0
40.9
$2.18
2.32
2.31
2.32
2. 33
2.34
2.38
2.37
2. 40
2. 40
2. 43
2.39
2.41
2.41
2. 57
»
Colorado
San Jose
$2.32 $87.92
2. 44 91.31
2.43 94. 66
2. 46 88.22
2. 42 91.75
2.44 91.09
2. 46 84.53
2.51 96.32
2. 51 92.48
2. 51 90.17
2.51 92.79
2. 54 92.40
2. 54 92.03
2. 53 96. 05
2. 55 98. 91
San BernardinoRiverside-Ontario
Stockton
$2.13 $83. 93
2.25 85.92
2. 34 83.92
2.18 87. 44
2.11 88.35
2.13 86.86
2.26 85.09
2.39 87.12
2.37 88.23
2. 39 86.21
2. 38 86. 21
2.40 87.90
2.39 87. 61
2. 41 86.24
2.44 88.48
40.3
39.7
38.5
40.5
42.7
40.7
39.9
38.9
38.9
37.5
37.5
38.2
38.5
38.2
39.0
State
$2.08 $82.21
2.16 87.10
2.18 88.18
2.16 88.80
2.07 89.01
2.13 89.13
2.13 85.24
2.24 88. 78
2.27 88.56
2.30 86.98
2.30 86.02
2.30 87.69
2.28 88.13
2. 26 90.63
2. 27 91.94
40.9
40.7
41.4
41.3
41.4
40.7
39.1
41.1
41.0
39.9
39.1
39.5
39.7
40.1
40.5
Denver
$2.01 $82.21
2.14 87.10
2.13 86.88
2.15 88.56
2.15 88. 58
2.19 90.20
2.18 88.44
2.16 90.20
2.16 89. 76
2.18 87.52
2.20 86. 85
2.22 87.30
2.22 89.02
2.26 91.48
2.27 92.52
40.7 $2. 02
40.7
2.14
2.14
40.6
41.0
2.16
41.2
2.15
41.0
2.20
40 2 2.20
41.0
2.20
40.8
2.20
39.6
2. 21
39.3
2.21
39. 5 2.21
40. 1 2.22
40.3
2. 27
40.4
2.29
;
.
*
Connecticut
State
1
I
I
I
1
1
1956: Average_____ $82.57
1957: Average_____ 84.66
1957: June________ 84. 45
July................ 84.45
August______ 83.84
September___ 84.24
October......... . 84.42
November___ 83.79
December___ 84.40
1958: January.......... 83.28
February____ 82.86
March______ 83.25
April........ ...... 83.03
May________ 83.42
June________ 84. 50
41.7
40.7
40.6
40.6
40.5
40.5
40.2
39.9
40.0
39.1
38.9
38.9
38.8
38.8
39.3
Bridgeport
$1.98 $86. 52
2.08 88.32
2.08 87.89
2.08 87.89
2.07 87.26
2.08 88.54
2.10 87.20
2.10 86.72
2.11 87.81
2.13 85. 85
2.13 85.80
2.14 87.24
2.14 87.47
2.15 87.86
2.15 87.86
Hartford
42.0 $2.06 $88.17
40.7
2.17 88.60
40.5
2.17 87.34
40.5
2.17 87. 76
40.4
2.16 84.23
40. S 2.17 85.44
40.0
2.18 84.99
39.6
2.19 85. 39
40.1
2.19 85.28
39.2
2.19 85.03
39.0
2.20 85.19
39.3
2.22 85.63
39.4
2.22 86.30
39.4
2.23 86.91
39.4
2.23 88.26
42.8
41.4
41.2
41.2
40.3
40.3
39.9
39.9
39.3
38.3
38.2
38.4
38.7
38.8
39.4
New Britain
$2.06 $80. 75
2.14 81.61
2.12 82.82
2.13 82.01
2.09 81.00
2.12 80.99
2.13 80.78
2.14 79.13
2.17 81.30
2.22 78.69
2.23 79.07
2.23 80.22
2.23 79.80
2. 24 79.17
2. 24 80. 85
41.2
40.2
40.6
40.2
39.9
39.7
39.6
38.6
39.7
38.2
38.2
38.2
38.0
37.7
38.5
New Haven
$1.96 $78.31
2.03 81.41
2.04 81.41
2.04 80.60
2.03 80.60
2.04 80.80
2.04 80.18
2.05 80.78
2.05 81.37
2.06 80. 55
2.07 80.13
2.10 80. 75
2.10 79.66
2.10 79. 46
2.10 80. 29
41.0
40.3
40.5
40.1
40.1
40.0
39.5
39.6
39.5
39.1
38.9
39.2
38.3
38.2
38.6
Stamford
$1.91 $85.88
2.02 88. 73
2.01 85.60
2.01 87. 67
2.01 92.80
2.02 92.35
2.03 90. 58
2. 04 91.39
2.06 90. 54
2.06 90.50
2.06 89.87
2.06 88.70
2.06 90.17
2.08 88.48
2.08 89.78
40.7
40. 7
40.0
40.4
41.8
41.6
40.8
40.8
40.6
40.4
40.3
39.6
39.9
39.5
39.9
$2.11
2.18
2.14
2.17
2.22
2.22
2.22
2. 24
2.23
2.24
2. 23
2.24
2. 26
2. 24
2.25
«
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
<
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
1075
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, b y State and selected
area 1—Continued
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Connecticut--Con.
Delaware
Waterbury
1956: Average____ $82. 78
1957: Average_____ 84.85
1957: June. ______ 84. 04
July------------- 84. 45
August______ 85. 48
September___ 85. 89
October_____ 86. 69
November___ 87.72
December___
87. 48
1958: January_____ 84. 89
February____ 83.59
March______
84. 67
April..... .......... 83.16
May________ 82.99
June________ 85.28
41.6
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.9
40.9
40.7
40.8
40.5
39.3
38.7
39.2
38.5
38.6
39.3
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
State
$1.99 $79. 37
2.09 84.63
2.07 84. 67
2. 08 85.27
2.09 82.58
2.10 80. 94
2.13 85.60
2.15 91.27
2.16 88. 66
2.16 84. 97
2.16 83.28
2.16 84.20
2.16 83. 67
2.15 83. 92
2.17 83.60
40.7
40.3
41.3
40.8
39.7
39.1
40.0
41.3
40.3
38.8
38.2
38.8
39.1
39.4
40.0
District of Columbia
Wilmington
$1.95 $90.72
2.10 94.94
2. 05 95.71
2. 09 96. 59
2.08 93.60
2.07 91.96
2.14 96.00
2. 21 101.02
2.20 98.01
2.19 93. 27
2.18 90. 96
2.17 93. 27
2.14 92.64
2.13 93. 51
2. 09 94.86
40.5
40.4
40.9
41.1
40.0
38.8
40.0
41.4
40.5
38.7
37.9
38.7
38.6
38.8
39.2
$2.24
2.35
2. 34
2. 35
2.34
2.37
2.40
2. 44
2.42
2.41
2.40
2.41
2. 40
2.41
2.42
$83.77
86.85
87. 74
85.02
86. 29
87.30
89.04
87. 69
89.54
89.15
88.17
89. 89
91.08
93.09
94.19
1956: Average_____ $63.18
1957: Average_____ 65.04
1957: June. _____ 63.47
July................. 63.80
August......... . 65.67
September___ 66. 97
October......... 66.17
November___ 65.60
December___
66.90
1958: January____
66.97
February____ 65. 57
March______
64.41
April_______
65.46
May................ 65.02
June________ 65. 57
40.5
39.9
38.7
38.9
39.8
40.1
40.1
40.0
40.3
40.1
39.5
38.8
39.2
38.7
38.8
State
$2.11 $62.47
2. 21 65.37
2.21 65.20
2.18 64. 55
2.19 65. 60
2. 21 66.73
2.26 65.67
2. 26 66.82
2.29 68.39
2.28 67. 56
2. 29 66. 33
2. 27 66. 40
2.26 66. 86
2.31 67.37
2.32 69.08
1956: Average_____ $86.15
1957: Average_____ 88. 67
1957: June.. _____ 88.81
July.............
88. 03
August______ 88.20
September___ 89.88
October........... 88. 68
November___ 89.07
December___
89.09
1958: January.......... 87. 91
February........ 86. 86
March______
87. 55
April________ 87.30
May________ 87.86
June________ 89. 30
41.0
40.3
40.5
40.1
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.9
39.8
39.1
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.8
39.3
40.6
40.6
40.4
39.0
40.4
40.7
40.0
40.8
41.8
40.0
38.9
39.1
39.1
39.4
40.7
State
$1. 52 $57.17
1.62 59. 67
1.61 59.13
1.62 58.82
1.62 60.34
1.65 59. 98
1.66 59.21
1. 66 61.70
1.67 60.92
1.67 59.21
1.67 58. 06
1.67 57.90
1.66 57.13
1.67 56. 40
1.68 59.37
Chicago
$2.10
2.20
2. 19
2. 20
2.19
2.22
2.23
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.24
2. 26
2.26
2. 26
2.27
$90.04
92. 78
93.07
92. 24
93.11
94. 51
92. 18
92. 67
92. 75
91.41
90.58
91.32
90. 47
91.63
93. 78
39.7
39.0
38.9
38.7
39.7
39.2
38.7
39.3
39.3
38.2
37.7
37.6
37.1
37.6
38.3
Atlanta
$1. 44 $71.38
1.53 74. 26
1.52 74.80
1.52 72.54
1.52 74.03
1.53 74.66
1.53 72.01
1.57 81.41
1.55 78. 38
1.55 74.88
1.54 73. 72
1.54 73.53
1. 54 73. 54
1.50 68.71
1.55 76.82
41.0
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.2
40.5
39.5
39.7
39.6
38.8
38.5
38.6
38.3
38.5
39.2
Peoria
$2.20 $88. 74
2.30 90. 49
2.30 90. 32
2.31 90. 20
2.32 90.93
2.33 92.23
2.33 91.42
2. 33 90. 61
2. 34 90.40
2. 36 91.44
2. 35 83.61
2.37 85.71
2. 36 92.83
2. 38 93. 64
2.39 95.16
Iowa—Continued
Des Moines
1956: Average_____ $83. 37
1957: Average_____ 88.39
1957: June________ 88.15
J u ly ............... 86.07
August........ .
90.26
September___ 89.72
October.. . . . . 87. 39
November___ 90.46
December....... 89.30
1958: January_____ 89. 75
February____ 88.09
M a rch .......... 87.45
April_______
88.15
May________ 88.33
June________ 89. 44
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.5
39.3
39.5
38.6
39.8
39.3
38.4
39.3
39.2
39. 1
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.5
39.0
40.1
39.5
40.0
39.0
39.8
39.5
38.1
40.5
40.4
39.0
38.8
38.7
38.5
38.6
39.6
Savannah
$1.78 $74. 76
1.88 79.49
1.87 81.25
1.86 79.54
1.86 82.17
1.89 80.75
1.89 79. 77
2.01 79. 56
1.94 79.76
1.92 78.94
1.90 79.15
1.90 76. 82
1.91 77. 78
1.78 79. 52
1.94 82.12
40.6
39.7
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.7
39.5
38.9
38.8
39.0
35.6
36.1
38.9
39.1
39.5
Rockford
$2.18
2. 28
2. 27
2. 27
2.28
2. 32
2. 31
2.33
2.33
2. 34
2. 35
2. 37
2.39
2. 39
2.41
$92. 24
93.25
93.30
90. 94
92. 61
95. 68
94.23
91.95
92. 44
89.30
87.53
87.56
85.20
85. 02
86. 57
44.1
42.5
42.7
41.5
42.2
42.8
42.0
41.4
41.6
40.4
39.8
39.7
38.5
38.3
38.9
$2.09 $86. 66
2.19 90. 56
2.19 91.23
2.19 89. 97
2.19 91.45
2.24 92.14
2.24 91.74
2. 22 91.56
2.22 90. 43
2.21 89.11
2. 20 87.78
2. 21 88.33
2.21 87. 70
2.22 89.07
2.23 90. 96
42.0
41.4
42.1
41.0
41.5
41.2
40.7
40.8
40.9
40.9
40.8
39.6
40.3
41.2
41.9
41.8
41.6
41.2
41.4
41.9
41.8
41.5
41.5
41.7
41.2
40.5
40.8
40.8
41.0
41.4
41.0
40.7
40.7
41.4
42.3
41.6
38.6
39.3
40.0
38.9
39.3
38.2
39.6
40.7
41.8
$1.67
1.78
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.82
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.84
1.84
1.85
State
$1.78 $84.67
1.92 84.44
1.93 87.78
1.94 86.71
1.98 86.03
1. 96 86.71
1.96 82. 35
1.95 86.18
1.95 82.50
1.93 87. 56
1.94 78. 87
1.94 85.28
1.93 83.84
1.93 83.84
1.96 91.16
41.3
40.4
41.8
40.9
40.2
40.9
39.4
39.9
39.1
41.3
38.1
41.4
40.7
40.5
42.6
Iowa
State
State
40.7
40.2
40.4
39.9
40.2
40.4
40.1
39.7
39.4
38.8
38.3
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.3
$2.13 $78.37
2.25 82. 46
2. 26 81.41
2.25 81.41
2.27 81.90
2.28 84.23
2.29 83.93
2.31 83.99
2.30 82. 65
2.30 84. 11
2. 29 83.94
2.30 83. 84
2.30 83. 36
2.30 85. 75
2.31 85. 77
40.4
40.0
39.8
39.7
40.0
40.3
40.1
39.8
39.4
39.8
39.7
39.4
39.1
39.8
39.8
$2.05
2.09
2.10
2.12
2.14
2.12
2.09
2.16
2.11
2.12
2.07
2.06
2.06
2.07
2.14
$1.94
2.06
2.04
2.05
2.05
2.09
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.12
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.15
2.16
Kentucky
Topeka
$2.02 $80.12
2.12 84. 75
2.08 83.09
2.10 80. 65
2.15 92. 59
2.16 91.08
2.16 81.41
2.20 82. 76
2.19 86. 59
2.19 82. 46
2.17 82.08
2.18 79.65
2.16 82. 77
2.16 83.93
2.15 91.04
40.4
40.0
41.0
39.9
39.5
40.4
39.4
39.2
39.7
38.3
38.8
38.6
37.7
39.0
39.8
Indiana
Kansas
State
$2.11 $84. 42
2.25 88.29
2. 23 85.89
2. 23 87.10
2.27 90. 27
2.28 90. 42
2. 28 89. 58
2.30 91.23
2. 28 91.20
2. 29 90.04
2.28 87. 99
2. 28 89.20
2.29 88. 26
2. 30 88. 56
2.30 89.03
$1.52 $67. 47
1.61 71.20
1.61 72. 57
1.63 71.42
1.64 71.89
1.66 74.74
1.65 71.71
1.65 70. 56
1.66 72.25
1.66 68.94
1.65 69.84
1.66 69. 87
1.68 69.37
1.68 71.76
1.71 73.63
Idaho
Illinois
State
41.1
40.6
40.5
39.6
40.0
40.2
39.8
40.5
41.2
40.7
40.2
40.0
39.8
40.1
40.4
Jacksonville
Georgia
Tampa-St.
Petersburg
$1.56 $61. 71
1.63 65. 77
1.64 65.04
1.64 63.18
1.65 65.45
1.67 67.16
1.65 66. 40
1.64 67.73
1.66 69.81
1.67 66.80
1.66 64. 96
1.66 65.30
1.67 64.91
1.68 65.80
1.69 68.38
39.7
39.3
39.7
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
38.8
39.1
39.1
38.5
39.6
40.3
40.3
40.6
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn earn hours earn
ings
ings
ings
Florida
Washington
Florida—Continued
Miami
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Wichita
$1.96 $88.02
2.08 93.02
2.04 89.04
2.09 90.60
2.19 94.72
2.19 94.63
2.11 94. 71
2.10 94.33
2.16 95.58
2.12 94. 25
2.09 92. 57
2.08 94. 52
2.09 94.41
2.06 94.10
2. 18 93. 69
41.8
42.1
41.1
41.5
42.2
42.3
42.2
41.6
42.3
41.6
41.1
41.5
41.9
41.4
41.5
State
$2.10 $74.29
2.21 78.25
2.16 79.59
2.19 79.50
2.24 80. 01
2.24 79.88
2.24 79.21
2. 27 78. 54
2. 26 79.08
2. 26 77. 51
2.25 75.64
2. 28 75. 98
2. 25 76. 29
2. 27 77.71
2. 26 80. 49
40.2
40.0
40.3
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.2
39.4
40.3
39.7
39.0
38.9
38.9
39.3
40.3
Louisville
$1.85 $83.14
1.96 88.20
1.98 89.99
1.97 90.15
1.99 91.40
1.98 89. 98
1.97 89. 77
1.99 88.36
1.96 89. 97
1. 95 89. 07
1.94 86.24
1.95 86. 74
1.96 88. 67
1.98 87.88
2.00 92.50
40.7
40.7
41.1
41.1
41.4
41.4
41.1
40.4
41.0
40.6
39.3
39.6
39.7
40.0
41.2
$2.04
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.21
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.20
2.19
2. 23
2.20
2.25
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1076
T able
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by State and selected
area —Continued
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Year and month
Louisiana
State
1956: A v era g e.____ $74.98
78. 74
1957: Average_____
1957: June.................. 78.55
80.16
J u ly ------------79.76
August______
79.37
September___
October______ 80.36
November__
80.12
December........ 81.34
79.80
1958: January-------February....... . 78.58
80.00
March_______
81.00
April............. .
M ay_________ 81.19
June_________ 82. 62
41.2
40.8
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.7
41.0
41.3
41.5
39.9
38.9
39.8
40.1
39.8
40.3
Baton Rouge
$1.82 $103.79
1.93 104. 52
1.93 103.42
1.96 103. 74
1.95 104. 55
1.95 107.59
1.96 107.07
1.94 110.16
1.96 110.84
2.00 108. 00
2.02 107.05
2.01 107. 73
2.02 109.47
2.04 107. 73
2.05 107.32
40.7
40.2
40.4
39.0
41.0
40.6
40.1
40.5
40.9
40.0
39.5
39.9
40.1
39.9
39.6
M aine—Continued
41.5
40.9
40.6
40.9
41.6
42.0
40.5
39.1
39.9
40.8
40.9
40.2
39.9
38.8
38.3
N ew Orleans
$2.55 $73.57
2.60 79.60
2.56 80.38
2.66 81.19
2. 55 82.01
2.65 79.20
2.67 80.00
2. 72 78.79
2.71 79.20
2.70 79.37
2.71 77. 57
2.70 78.97
2.73 78.98
2. 70 80.34
2. 71 80.16
40.2
40.2
40.8
40.8
40.6
39.8
40.0
39.2
39.8
39.1
38.4
38.9
39.1
39.0
39.1
Shreveport
$1.83
1.98 $76.73
1.97 77.78
1.99 79. 52
2.02 77. 75
1.99 80.46
2.00 77. 79
2.01 79.04
1.99 77.98
2.03 76.11
2.02 74. 59
2.03 75.52
2.02 76.36
2.06 76.40
2.05 78.34
41.7
42.5
42.3
41.8
42.8
41.6
41.6
41.7
40.7
40.1
40.6
40.4
40.0
40.8
Maryland
Portland
1956: Average_____ $68. 60
1957: A v e ra g e .____ 70.08
69.06
1957: June________
Ju ly.................. 69.70
70.54
A ugust______
September___
72.32
October______ 09.46
November___
67.32
69.66
December___
72. 54
1958: January-------February........ 73.32
March_______ 71.87
April................. 72.08
69.21
M ay________
67.53
June________
Maine
State
$1.65 $79.15
1.71 82.03
1.70 83.64
1. 71 80.90
1.70 81.43
1.72 82.18
1.72 81.96
1.72 83.45
1.74 84. 24
1.78 83.25
1.79 80.54
1.79 82.43
1.81 82.09
1.79 83. 56
1.76 84.66
$1.94 $83.82
2.06 86.47
2.05 88.54
2.06 85. 48
2.06 86.71
2.07 87.08
2.08 86.66
2.09 87.95
2.11 88.35
2.12 87.08
2.10 84.18
2.11 86.59
2.11 86.17
2.12 87.98
2.12 89.55
1956: Average........... $57. 71
60.26
1957: Average_____
1957: June.................. 59.66
60.92
J u ly ------------August______
60.60
September___
61.44
October______ 61.60
November___
60.64
61.60
December___
59. 84
1958: January_____
February......... 60.00
March............
58.19
April___ . . . .
57.92
M ay________
57.83
June________
58.93
37.8
38.2
38.0
38.8
38.6
38.4
38.3
37.2
38.5
37.4
37.5
36.6
36.2
36.6
37.3
Springfleld-Holyoke
$1.53 $79.00
1.58 80.82
1.57 80.40
1.57 81.20
1.57 81.00
1.60 81.20
1.61 80.80
1.63 79. 58
1.60 81.00
1.60 79.97
1.60 79.98
1.59 80. 58
1.60 79.98
1.58 80. 78
1.58 83.22
41.1
40.2
40.2
40.4
40.3
40.4
40.2
39.2
39.9
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.6
40.4
$63. 43
65.30
63.85
65.74
66.34
66.17
66.40
61.91
65.99
65.76
66.12
65.38
63.97
62.98
64.94
40.7
40.4
40.0
41.0
41.2
40.8
40.7
38.0
39.9
40.0
40.5
40.0
39.0
37.8
39.6
41.1
40.1
41.2
39.6
39.9
40.0
39.5
40.0
40.0
39.4
38.2
39.3
39.1
39.7
40.3
$2.04 $72. 21
2.16 74.28
2.15 74.82
2.16 74.26
2.17 74.45
2.18 75.05
2.19 74.48
2.20 72.58
2. 21 75.26
2.21 73.92
2.20 74.30
2.21 73.73
2.21 73.53
2.22 74.30
2. 22 76.25
40.1
39.4
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.5
39.2
38.0
39.2
38.5
38.7
38.4
38.1
38.3
39.1
$1.80 $75.41
1.88 78.99
1.88 79.60
1.88 79.00
1.88 79.00
1.90 79.80
1.90 79.78
1.91 78. 52
1.92 81.56
1.92 79. 54
1.92 79.54
1.92 79.72
1.93 80.50
1.94 80.70
1.95 82.35
40.0
39.5
40.0
39.5
39.7
39.7
39.3
38.3
39.4
38.8
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
39.4
1956: Average______ $86.86
1957: A verage.......... 88.70
88. 76
1957: June___ _____
Ju ly------------88. 45
A ugust______
89.20
September___
91. 55
October______ 90. 27
November___
87.90
December____ 90.53
1958: January.......... 89.48
February____
87.63
March_______ 90. 76
April________ 88.97
M ay________
91.27
June________
92.68
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40.8
40.1
40.0
39.7
40.2
40.6
40.1
39.4
40.2
40.0
39.0
39.6
38.7
39.7
40.0
$2.13
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.22
2.26
2. 25
2.23
2.25
2.24
2.25
2. 29
2.30
2.30
2.32
Lansing
$98.31
98.51
96. 30
99.07
101.22
103. 01
99. 07
108. 50
101. 59
100.15
100.61
103.08
100.08
102. 58
93. 61
41.1
39.5
38.8
39.5
40.2
39.3
38.4
41.3
39.7
39.4
39.5
39.6
38.7
39.9
36.1
37.7
37.4
37.5
38.5
38.7
37.8
37.0
35.6
36.8
37.2
37.2
36.2
33.7
33.5
36.8
$1.45
1.49
1.47
1.46
1.47
1.49
1.50
1.49
1.49
1. 49
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.51
Fall River
$1.88 $54.16
2.00 55.18
1.99 54.15
2.00 54.83
1.99 59. 90
2.01 59.03
2.03 57.13
2.05 51.28
2.07 65. 72
2.05 56.06
2. 05 55.90
2.06 54.82
2.08 55.18
2.08 55.30
2.09 54.48
37.1
36.3
36.1
36.8
38.4
37.6
37.1
33.3
36.9
36.4
36.3
35.6
35.6
35.0
34.7
$1.46
1.52
1.50
1.49
1.56
1.57
1.54
1.54
1.51
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1. 58
1. 57
Michigan
Worcester
$1.92 $82.37
2.01 81.93
2.00 83.23
2.01 81.41
2.01 82.82
2.01 81.99
2.01 82. 59
2.03 77.58
2.03 82.29
2.04 77.65
2.03 80.43
2.04 80.05
2. 03 79.04
2.04 79.97
2.06 80.85
40.9
39.9
41.0
40.3
40.4
39.8
39.9
37.3
39.0
36.8
38.3
38.3
38.0
37.9
38.5
State
$2.01 $94.98
2.06 97.64
2.03 97. 56
2.02 96.97
2.05 98.57
2.06 100. 25
2. 07 98. 45
2.08 100. 25
2.11 99.32
2.11 94.98
2.10 94.55
2.09 97.92
2.08 97. 55
2.11 97.07
2.10 98. 59
40.8
40.0
39.9
39.5
40.3
40.1
39.6
40.1
39.1
38.5
38.2
39.2
39.1
39.0
39.5
Detroit
$2.33 $100. 98
2.44 103.32
2.45 103.02
2.46 100.33
2.45 103.06
2. 50 105. 58
2.49 103.49
2. 50 106.43
2.48 102.27
2.47 99.33
2.48 98. 36
2.50 104.60
2.50 105.27
2.49 103.78
2. 50 104.84
41.0
40.0
39.7
38.5
39.7
39.5
39.2
40.3
39.2
38.1
37.5
39.5
39.8
39.4
39.7
Michigan—Continued
Grand Rapids
$1.56 $54.41
1.62 55. 56
1.60 55.00
1.60 56.24
1.61 56.98
1.62 56.45
1.63 55.60
1.63 53.06
1.65 54.79
1.64 55.40
1.63 55.38
1.63 54.34
1.64 50.84
1.66 50.82
1.64 55.64
Boston
State
Massachusetts—Continued
N ew Bedford
$1.84
1.83
1.88
1.88
1.88
1.87
1.90
1.87
1.87
1.86
1.86
1.89
1.91
1.92
Massachusetts
Baltimore
40.8
39.9
40.7
39.4
39.5
39.7
39.4
39.9
39.9
39.4
38.4
39.0
38.9
39.5
40.0
Lewiston
State
Muskegon
$2.39 $88.96
2.49 91.68
2. 48 88.67
2. 51 90.90
2. 52 91.72
2.62 94.37
2. 59 91.99
2.63 86.96
2.56 94.20
2. 54 92.43
2.55 90.35
2.60 93. 95
2.59 92. 59
2. 57 89. 45
2.59 90.88
40.0
39.4
38.5
39.3
39.4
39.8
38.8
36.8
39.3
39.0
37.9
39.0
38.5
37.3
37.4
Flint
$2.46
2. 58
2. 60
2.61
2.60
2.67
2.64
2.64
2.61
2. 61
2.62
2. 65
2.65
2.63
2.64
$98.21
100.38
98.63
101.46
102. 56
111.94
107. 53
113.91
104.90
97.48
96.77
99.02
101. 42
101.10
104.48
40.8
39.8
39.2
39.6
40.3
40.9
40.7
43.0
40.8
38.5
38.1
38.1
38.8
38.5
39.8
$2.41
2.52
2.52
2. 56
2. 55
2.74
2.64
2. 65
2. 57
2.53
2.54
2.60
2.62
2.63
2.63
Minnesota
Saginaw
$2.22 $88.66
2.33 92.95
2.30 93.19
2.31 92. 74
2.33 93.22
2.37 93.61
2.37 98.36
2.36 94. 21
2. 40 94.99
2.37 86.68
2.38 92. 54
2. 41 92.04
2.41 92. 50
2. 4C 95. 56
2.43 98.01
40.3 $2.20 $81.01
40.1
2.32 84.03
40.1
2.32 84.37
39.7
2.34 83.31
40.2
2.32 82.74
39.8
2.35 82.59
40.9
2.41 84. 46
39.7
2.37 84.14
40.2
2.36 85.95
36.9
2.35 85.99
38.9
2.38 85.08
38.4
2. 40 84.90
38.8
2.38 84.94
40. C 2.39 85.49
40.6
2.41 85.93
State
40.8
40.2
40.4
41.0
40.2
40.0
39.9
39.5
39.9
39.4
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.2
39.3
Duluth
$1.99 $83. 06
2.09 86.52
2.09 88.70
2.03 88.44
2.06 82.23
2.07 80.92
2.12 80.14
2.13 83.20
2.15 83.71
2.18 85.95
2.17 87.62
2.18 86.34
2.18 86. 75
2.18 86.67
2.19 88.24
38.2
37.6
38.5
38.3
35.5
35.4
35.0
35.7
35.8
36.5
37.2
36.3
36.6
36.7
37.3
$2.18
2.30
2.31
2.31
2.32
2.28
2.29
2.33
2.34
2.36
2.36
2.38
2.37
2.36
2.37
0.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
1077
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, b y State and selected
area 1—Continued
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Minnesota—Con.
40.6
40.2
40.3
39.9
40.1
40.5
39.5
39.5
40.0
39.5
39.2
39.0
38.9
39.0
39.3
$2.05 $51.73
2.15 55.58
2.14 55.46
2.16 56. 52
2.16 57.51
2.17 57.23
2.18 56. 66
2.19 56. 45
2.19 57.28
2. 21 55.68
2.20 55. 27
2. 21 59.10
2. 21 58. 52
2. 22 59. 65
2.24 59.70
Jackson
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
40.1
39.7
39.9
39.8
40.5
40.3
39.9
39.2
39.5
38.4
37.6
39.4
38.5
39.5
39.8
$1.29 $59. 78
1.40 63.23
1.39 61.76
1.42 62.93
1.42 64. 48
1.42 64.41
1.42 65.21
1.44 65.36
1.45 67. 26
1.45 62. 25
1.47 63.52
1.50 64.74
1.52 65.94
1.51 60.01
1.50 70.38
42.1
41.6
40.9
41.4
41.6
42.1
41.8
41.9
42.3
39.4
40.2
41.5
42.0
41.0
42.4
State
$1.42 $75. 50
1.52 78.03
1.51 78.39
1.52 77. 43
1.55 78.00
1.53 78. 57
1.56 77. 75
1.56 79.44
1.59 80.44
1.58 77. 76
1.58 77.33
1.56 77.12
1.57 76.65
1.61 77.79
1.66 79.98
Nebraska
State
41.3
39.1
39.2
37.3
39.1
38.7
39.3
39.6
38.5
38.9
38.2
38.3
39.3
39.2
39.1
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
41.8
41.4
42.6
42.0
42.0
41.5
41.4
41.4
41.6
40.6
40.3
40.4
40.7
41.5
42.6
39.8
39.3
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.3
38.9
39.1
39.5
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.7
38.1
38.8
Kansas City
$1.90 $81.58
1.98 85.34
1.98 85.25
1.97 84.30
1.98 85. 63
2.00 86.79
2.00 87.54
2.03 88. 54
2.04 89.21
2.02 86.54
2.02 86.86
2.03 86.44
2.03 86.76
2.04 87.30
2.06 89.72
40.1
39.6
39.9
39.2
39.4
39.7
39.6
39.9
40.0
38.8
38.8
38.6
38.6
38.7
39.6
Nevada
State
$2.21 $75.19
2.21 78.12
2.25 79.35
2.23 78.17
2. 22 78.01
2. 23 78.33
2.17 77.92
2.19 79. 59
2.22 79.63
2.26 78.17
2.27 77. 73
2.25 77. 58
2. 26 78.03
2. 28 79.66
2.28 81.51
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Omaha
$1.80 $80.36
1.89 82. 61
1.86 84. 35
1.86 83.19
1.86 81.24
1.89 83.16
1.88 82. 52
1.92 83. 75
1.91 83. 27
1.93 83. 21
1.93 83.18
1.92 81.97
1.92 82.88
1.92 84.36
1.91 87.16
42.2
41.1
42.1
41.4
40.7
40.8
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.8
41.6
State
$1.90
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.00
2.04
2.04
2.06
2.05
2. 07
2.06
2.04
2.05
2. 07
2.09
$92.10
97.02
96.01
95.76
101.52
101. 25
99.58
98.94
96.64
99. 46
97.40
98. 03
99.18
97.41
100.58
37.9
38.5
38.1
37.7
39.5
39.4
38.3
38.5
37.9
38.7
38.5
38.9
39.2
38.5
38.1
1956: Average_____ $82.98
1957: Average-------85.23
85. 61
1957: J u n e ... . . .
July_________
85. 08
August_____
85. 40
September___
86.05
October............ 84.65
November___
85.85
December____ 86.01
1958: January-------84.80
February____
84.47
March_____
84.96
April________
84.42
M ay____ ____
85.15
85.75
June________
40.5
39.9
40.1
39.7
40.0
40.1
39.3
39.6
39.4
38.9
38.8
38.9
38.6
38.9
39.1
Newark-Jersey C ity 3
$2.05 $84.33
2.14 86.46
2.14 86.60
2.14 86. 57
2.13 87.04
2.15 86.82
2.15 86.19
2.17 86.90
2.18 88.38
2.18 86.80
2.18 86. 40
2.18 86. 53
2.19 86.65
2.19 85.91
2.19 87. 25
40.6
39.9
40.0
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.5
39.7
39.9
39.1
38.9
39.1
39.1
38.7
39.3
41.1
40.5
40.9
40.3
40.4
40.5
39.7
40.2
39.8
38.7
39.5
39.0
38.5
38.9
39.6
State
$2.43 $63.24
2.52 64.48
2.52 65.44
2.54 63.92
2.57 64.32
2.57 65.37
2.60 64.08
2. 55 63.67
2. 59 64.15
2. 57 64.06
2.53 64.39
2.52 64.12
2. 53 62.65
2.53 62. 59
2.64 65.60
Perth A m boy3
$2.03 $84.85
2.11 87. 26
2.10 87.06
2.11 88.22
2.10 86. 74
2.11 87.78
2.13 86. 65
2.15 87.11
2.15 87.44
2.14 87.57
2.14 86. 41
2.15 86. 6$
2.15 86. 8C
2.17 86.76
2.17 88.02
New Mexico--C on.
Albuquerque
1956: Average-------- $83. 84
1957: Average-------90.67
1957: June_________ 92.01
July_________
90. 52
August______
90. 39
94. 85
September___
October______ 93.94
November___
94. 33
December____ 96.88
1958: January-------96.28
February.........
88.84
March_______ 94.16
April________
87. 86
91.39
M ay________
94.20
June________
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.3
41.4
42.4
42.3
40.9
41.6
41.2
39.8
41.4
41.5
40.2
41.3
39.4
40.8
41.5
$2. 03 $78. 96
2.19 81. 57
2.17 81.49
2.14 81.81
2. 21 82.33
2. 28 82. 49
2. 28 81.69
2. 37 82.40
2. 34 81.96
2. 32 81.81
2. 21 80.83
2.28 81.12
2.23 81.07
2.24 81.94
2. 27 82.91
$2.02 $83.19
2.15 86. 63
2.14 87.29
2.16 86.17
2.17 85.72
2.19 87.20
2.21 86.79
2.22 88.64
2.23 88.87
2.22 86.83
2.22 86.31
2.23 86.40
2.24 86.23
2.25 87.46
2.26 89.32
40.2
40.0
40.0
39.7
39.6
39.8
39.4
39.8
40.0
39.2
38.9
39.0
38.7
39.0
39.3
$2.07
2.17
2.18
2.17
2.17
2.19
2.20
2.23
2.22
2.21
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.27
40.8
40.3
40.9
40.2
40.2
40.6
39.8
39.3
39.6
39.3
39.5
39.1
38.2
38.4
40.0
Manchester
$1.55 $57.90
1.60 59.44
1.60 59.98
1.59 59.52
1.60 58.45
1.61 59.68
1.61 58.90
1.62 59.35
1.62 58.81
1.63 60.13
1.63 59.66
1.64 58.40
1.64 57.15
1.63 57.99
1.64 61.94
38.6
38.6
39.2
38.9
38.2
38.5
38.0
37.8
37.7
38.3
38.0
37.2
36.4
36.7
39.2
$1.50
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.55
1.55
1.57
1.56
1.57
1.57
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.58
N ew Mexico
Paterson 3
$2.08 $83.31
2.17 85.37
2.16 85.97
2.17 85.15
2.18 85.04
2.18 85.66
2.18 84. 52
2.19 86.59
2. 22 85. 53
2.22 82.66
2.22 84. 61
2. 21 83.85
2.22 82. 81
2.22 84. 34
2.22 86.09
St. Louis
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey
State
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Missouri
State
Montana
1956: Average-------- $91.30
86.43
1957: Average— ---1957: June_________ 88.09
July___ ____ - 83. 21
A ugust............. 86.66
September___ 86.43
October_____
85.39
November----- 86.83
December____ 85. 39
87.81
1958: January-------February____
86.63
March_______ 86.17
88.86
April___ ____
M ay________
89.11
89.03
June_____ —
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Mississippi
Minneapolis-St. Paul
1956: Average............ $83.41
86.42
1957: Average...........
1957: June.................. 86.20
July................... 86.21
A ugust............. 86. 49
September___
87. 87
October______ 86.00
November----- 86.73
December........ 87. 61
1958: January-------87.38
February......... 86.20
March_______ 86.10
April________
85.93
86.79
M ay________
June________
87. 82
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.5
39.9
40.1
39.9
39.5
39.9
39.1
39.4
39.3
39.2
38.8
38.8
38.7
38.8
39.0
$2.10 $81.41
2.19 84.18
2.17 84.60
2. 21 82. 43
2.20 84.07
2.20 88.14
2.22 83.85
2.21 88.53
2.23 81.24
2.23 85.65
2.23 82. 25
2. 23 85.42
2. 24 82. 58
2.24 84. 51
2.26 83.69
Trenton
40.3
39.8
40.0
38.7
39.9
40.9
39.2
40.5
38.0
39.6
38.4
39.4
38.5
39.4
39.0
State
$2.02 $85.70
2.12 89.98
2.11 90. 45
2.13 87.45
2.11 89.79
2.16 92. 89
2.14 92. 34
2.19 92.23
2.14 93. 52
2.16 88.04
2.14 85. 72
2.17 88.62
2.15 86.11
2.15 86.40
2.15 89.19
41.2
40.9
41.3
40.3
41.0
41.1
40.5
40.1
41.2
40.2
39.5
40.1
39.5
40.0
41.1
$2.08
2.20
2.19
2.17
2.19
2.26
2.28
2.30
2.27
2.19
2.17
2.21
2.18
2.16
2.17
N ew York
State
39.6
39.2
39.2
39.0
39.3
39.4
38.9
39.0
38.6
38.2
37.8
37.9
37.9
38.1
38. 5
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
$1.99 $86. 95
2.08 90.91
2. 08 90. 79
2.10 90.38
2.09 91.34
2.09 91.49
2.10 91.61
2.11 93. 07
2.12 94. 78
2.14 91.48
2.14 89. 62
2.14 91.09
2.14 88. 95
2.15 89. 95
2.15 91.79
40.6
40.4
39.9
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.1
40.3
40.7
39.8
38.9
39.6
38.5
38.4
39.1
Binghamton
$2.14 $73.98
2. 25 75.96
2.27 75.00
2.26 74.07
2.26 75. 34
2.26 76. 43
2.28 76. 57
2. 31 79. 05
2.33 77. 81
2.30 75.39
2. 30 75. 53
2.30 75. 65
2. 31 72. 89
2.34 73. 84
2. 35 73.10
39.7
39.5
39.6
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.0
39.7
39.7
38.2
38.1
38.2
36.7
37.1
36.7
$1.86 $93.84
1.92 96. 70
1.89 96.63
1.90 97. 51
1.92 98. 77
1.95 97.99
1.96 97. 74
1.99 99.05
1.96 96.95
1.97 96.14
1.98 94. 96
1.98 95.04
1.99 95. 45
1.99 97. 26
1.99 98. 21
Buffalo
41.1
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.6
40.3
39.8
40.3
39.8
39.2
38.9
38.7
38.8
39.2
39.3
Elmira
$2.28 $78.43
2.40 79. 99
2.39 81.10
2. 42 80.81
2.43 81.16
2. 43 77.41
2.46 82.05
2.46 81.23
2.44 85. 07
2. 46 80. 80
2. 44 80.88
2.46 81.68
2.46 82.96
2. 48 81.32
2. 50 81.08
40.6
39.6
40.3
40.2
40.2
37.8
39.8
39.1
40.1
38.7
39.0
39.2
39.5
38.9
39.1
$1.94
2.02
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.12
2.09
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.09
2.08
1078
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by State and selected
area *■—Continued
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Year and month
New York--Continued
Nassau and Suffolk
Counties 3
1956: Average-------- $90.07
1957: Average-------- 89.16
1957: June................ 87.94
July................. 87.14
August -......... 87.68
September___ 88.17
87.18
October_____
November___ 86.41
December....... 86.72
1958: January-------- 87.27
February____ 86.22
M arch______ 87.66
April------------ 89.11
M ay________ 89. 98
June________ 92.12
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
41.7 $2.16 $78. 79
40.4
2.21 81.09
2.20 81. 51
40.0
2.21 81.45
39.5
2.22 82.08
39.6
40.2
2.20 82. 11
39.7
2.20 80.85
39.3
2.20 81.66
39.1
2.22 81.37
39.6
2.20 81.27
39. 1 2.21 81.27
2.19
40.0
81.06
40.4
2.21 81.06
40. 1 2.24 81.49
40.6
2.27 82.94
39.2 $2.01 $74. 76
2.09 77.16
38.8
2.09 76.80
39.0
38.6
2.11 77.52
38.9
2.11 78.34
39.1
2.10 78.68
38.5
2.10 77. 45
38.7
2. 11 77. 53
38.2
2. 13 76.86
37.8
2.15 78.12
2. 15 78.06
37.8
37.7
2.15 77.36
37 7 2. 15 77. 25
37.9
2. 15 78.28
38.4
2.16 78. 96
New York—Con.
40.4
39.8
41.3
39.9
40.3
39.6
39.2
40.4
38.2
36.8
38.5
37.9
38.3
38.5
39.5
38.0
37.7
37.8
37.5
38.0
38.3
37.7
37.7
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.7
36.6
37.1
37.4
Rochester
$1.97 $85.67
2.04 87.64
2. 03 87. 07
2.07 87. 34
2.06 86. 63
2.05 88.98
2. 05 87.53
2.05 89. 88
2.08 88. 87
2.12 87. 64
2.11 86. 40
2. 11 87.94
2.11 88.48
2. 11 89.25
2.11 90.36
Syracuse
40.8 $2.10 $83.61
39.9
2. 20 85.25
40.0
2.18 84.52
40.2
2.18 84.58
39.8
2.18 86.23
40.0
2.22 86.80
39.1
2.24 86.40
40.1
2.24 86. 61
39.5
2.25 85.92
38.8
2.26 85.21
38.1
2. 27 78.58
38. 7 2.27 85.83
38.9
2. 28 84. 53
2.29 85.26
39.0
39.3
2.30 86.65
State
$1.98 $54.26
2.07 55.91
2.11 55.20
2.08 55.34
2.06 55.95
2.08 55. 95
2.10 56.91
2.18 56.02
2.15 56.16
2.09 53.71
2.13 54.14
2.14 54.81
2.13 53.07
2.12 54.09
2.17 55.25
39.9
39.1
38.6
38.7
39.4
39.4
39.8
38.9
39.0
37.3
37.6
37.8
36.6
37.3
38.1
40.7
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.7
40.4
40.7
39.9
40.4
39.6
39.8
40.4
40.3
40.1
40.4
$2.02 $78.42
2.11 80.22
2.09 80.64
2.12 81.83
2.13 79.91
2.14 80. 71
2.16 80.84
2.16 81.96
2.15 81.40
2.16 80.80
2.16 78. 75
2.17 80.69
2.17 79.52
2.19 80. 44
2.20 81. 71
41.2
40.4
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.4
40.0
40.3
40.0
39.5
38.6
39.5
39.2
39.6
40.1
$1.90
1.99
1.99
2.01
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.04
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.04
North Dakota
Charlotte
$1.36 $58.61
1.43 61.51
1.43 61.97
1. 43 60.89
1.42 60.74
1.42 62.22
1.43 62.68
1.44 61.45
1.44 62.22
1.44 61.38
1.44 62.09
1.45 63.02
1.45 62.87
1.45 62.56
1.45 63.43
Utica-Rome
41.4
40.4
40.5
40.0
40.5
40.6
40.1
40.1
39.9
39.4
36.3
39.5
38.9
38.9
39.4
North Carolina
Westchester County2
1956: Average........... $79.92
1957: Average-------- 82. 44
1957: June________ 86.97
July-.......... — 82. 77
A ug u st.......... 82.93
September___ 82.52
October_____ 82.28
November___ 87.90
December----- 82.14
1958: January.......... 76.90
February____ 81. 87
M arch............ 81.17
April............... 81.33
M a y ............... 81.63
June........... .
85.73
New York City 2
Greensboro-H igh
Point
$1.44 $53.24
1.53 55.25
1.53 54.09
1.53 53. 57
1.53 56. 55
1.54 54. 96
1.54 56.26
1.54 55.68
1.54 55.92
1.55 52.35
1.56 53. 73
1.56 53.58
1.56 49.49
1.56 52.12
1. 57 53. 58
38.3
38.1
37.3
37.2
39.0
37.9
38.8
38.4
38.3
36.1
36.8
36.7
33.9
35.7
36.7
State
$1.39 $75. 53
1.45 78. 74
1.45 78.27
1.44 82. 16
1.45 79.00
1.45 79.83
1.45 84.89
1.45 79.04
1. 46 77.58
1.45 78.62
1.46 78. 74
1.46 78.83
1.46 80.20
1.46 80.00
1.46 80. 84
43.7
42.8
42.8
44.8
43.0
43.0
44.1
41.5
41.6
41.5
41.8
41.8
42.0
42.3
43.0
Fargo
$1.73 $80.94
1.84 82.10
1.83 82.07
1.83 87.42
1.84 82.94
1.86 81.73
1.93 83. 42
1.90 80.77
1.87 81.06
1.90 81.17
1.89 79. 49
1.89 80.89
1.91 82.05
1.89 83.37
1.88 86. 24
43.3
42.1
42.3
45.6
42.6
41.9
41.4
39.5
40.7
40.6
39.5
40.3
39.8
40.5
42.0
$1.87
1.95
1.94
1.92
1.95
1.95
2.01
2.04
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.06
2.06
2.05
Ohio
State
1956: Average.......... $90.81
1957: Average........ . 93.36
1957: June________ 93.05
July................. 93. 98
August............ 93.31
September___ 95. 44
October_____ 95.30
November___ 94.14
December___ 92.95
1958: January.......... 90. 44
February____ 88.79
March____ . 89.70
April............... 89.36
M ay________ 90. 06
June................ 92. 67
41.0
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.0
40.4
40.2
39.6
39.3
38.4
37.8
38.1
37.8
38.1
38.9
Akron
$2.21 $91.73
2.32 97.24
2.32 98.62
2. 34 100. 44
2.33 97.98
2.36 99.64
2.37 98.67
2.38 97.66
2.37 96. 77
2.36 91.31
2.35 86. 55
2. 35 88.94
2.36 87.32
2.36 89.14
2.38 91.90
Canton
38.9 $2. 36 $90.81
39.4
2.47 91.93
40.2
2. 45 92. 27
40.5
2.48 90.35
39.4
2.49 93.90
39.8
2.50 94.94
38.6
2. 56 90.95
38.7
2.52 90.20
38.6
2.51 91.80
36.5
2.50 86.70
34.9
2. 48 85. 15
35.7
2. 49 86. 49
35. 1 2. 49 85. 74
35.7
2.50 84. 40
36.5
2.52 89.95
Cincinnati
40.3 $2.25 $84. 62
38.7
2.38 86.20
39.2
2.35 85.28
38.1
2.37 84.70
39. 1 2.40 85.82
39. 1 2. 43 86. 30
2.41 86. 50
37.8
37.4
2.41 86.50
37.9
2. 42 87.04
2.41 85.01
36.0
35.5
2. 40 84. 21
2. 40 84.03
36.0
35.8
2.39 84.41
34.9
2.42 85. 15
37.2
2. 42 88.16
41.6
40.4
39.9
39.5
40.1
40.2
40.1
40.0
40.2
39.5
39.1
39.0
38.9
39.0
39.9
Ohio —Continued
Dayton
1956: Average-------- $97.14
1957: Average_____ 99.33
1957: June____ . . . 100.01
Ju ly ................ 101. 47
August........... 100.39
September___ 101.35
October. . . . 101.14
November___ 100. 57
December___ 100.05
1958: January-------- 98. 63
February____ 96.90
M arch______ 100. 02
April_______
95.68
M ay_______
99.30
June________ 102.14
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.3
40.2
40.2
40.6
40.5
40.4
40.2
39.9
39.9
39.4
38.7
39.5
37.9
39.4
40.0
Toledo
$2. 35 $92.04
2. 47 95.72
2.49 96. 26
2.50 95.13
2. 48 96.58
2. 51 99.63
2.52 100.26
2.52 98. 25
2. 51 97.08
2.50 95.95
2.50 93. 68
2.53 94. 27
2.52 95.40
2. 52 97. 45
2. 55 97.45
40.1
39.7
40.0
39.4
39.8
40.7
40.6
39.8
39.8
39.4
38.6
38.7
39.1
39.8
39. 5
Cleveland
$2.03
2. 13
2.14
2.14
2. 14
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.15
2.15
2. 15
2. 17
2. 18
2. 21
$95.13
96.88
95.35
97. 57
96. 65
98.05
99.87
98.98
94. 30
92.37
90.90
91. 14
92. 05
92. 48
94.89
41.7
40.8
40.3
40.9
40.5
40.6
40.9
40.6
39.4
38.6
38.0
38.0
37.9
38.2
39.0
Columbus
$2.28 $85.03
2.37 89.54
2. 37 88. 75
2.39 90.49
2.39 90.12
2.42 93.37
2. 44 93.52
2. 44 91.87
2.39 90. 75
2. 39 87.48
2.39 85.98
2.40 87.65
2. 43 87.27
2.42 87. 48
2.43 91.21
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
40.9
41.8
41.4
40.6
40.5
39.2
38.4
39.1
39.3
39.2
40.0
$2.09
2.20
2.19
2.20
2.20
2.23
2.26
2.26
2. 24
2.23
2.24
2.24
2.22
2.23
2.28
Oklahoma
Youngstown
$2. 30 $101.19
2. 41 104.40
2.41 102.18
2.41 108. 62
2. 43 104.24
2. 45 109. 51
2.47 104. 81
2. 47 101.48
2. 44 100. 63
2. 44 97. 13
2.43 95. 28
2.44 97.36
2. 44 94. 09
2.45 95. 47
2.47 100.40
40.8 $2. 48 $78.66
2.64 80. 59
39.6
2. 62 80.98
39.0
41. 1 2. 64 81.39
39. 1 2. 67 81.80
40.2
2.72 83.02
38.8
2.70 80.80
37. 7 2.69 79. 40
37.2
2. 71 81.20
36. 1 2.69 80.19
35.5
2.68 79.40
36. 1 2. 70 78. 20
34.9
2.70 79. 59
35.4
2. 70 82. 81
36. 9 2 72 84. 46
State
41.4
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.9
41.1
40.4
39.7
40.2
39.7
39.5
39.1
39.4
40.2
40.8
Oklahoma City
$1.90 $74.98
1.98 78.31
1.98 79.85
1.99 78. 54
2.00 79.71
2.02 79.80
2.00 79.42
2.00 78.62
2.02 77. 75
2. 02 78.81
2.01 74.64
2.00 74.40
2.02 75.89
2.06 77.68
2.07 78.09
42.6 $1. 76 $85. 07
42.1
1.86 88. 48
42.7
1.87 87. 60
42.0
1.87 87.85
42.4
1.88 88.22
42.0
1.90 89.47
41.8
1.90 87.47
41.6
1.89 87. 64
41.8
1.86 91.48
41.7
1.89 86. 75
39.7
1.88 85. 12
40.0
1.86 85.34
40.8
1.86 87.30
41.1
1.89 93. 77
41. 1 1.90 96. 52
Tulsa
40.9
40.4
40.0
40.3
40.1
40.3
39. 4
39.3
40.3
3.8.9
38.0
38.1
38.8
39.9
40.9
$2.08
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.20
2. 22
2.22
2.23
2. 27
2. 23
2. 24
2.24
2. 25
2.35
2.36
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
1079
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by State and selected
area 1—Continued
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
Y e a r a n d m o n th
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
u re g o n
$89. 98
89.20
92.04
87. 85
90. 48
85.35
89.66
89.63
91.75
90.06
90. 69
90. 14
90. 47
93.46
92. 82
38.9
38.3
39.4
37.8
39. 1
36.9
38.3
37.9
38.6
38.0
38.3
38.1
37.9
38.7
39.0
P o r tla n d
$2.31
2. 33
2. 34
2. 32
2.31
2.31
2.34
2. 37
2. 38
2. 37
2. 37
2. 37
2. 39
2. 42
2. 38
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e arn
in g s
P e n n s y lv a n ia
S ta te
1956: A v erag e______________
1957: A v erag e____ _____ . . .
1957: J u n e ____ ____________
J u ly --------------------------A u g u s t_______________
S e p te m b e r.................. ...
O c to b er______________
N o v e m b e r______ ____
D e c e m b e r_________ __
1958: J a n u a r y ______________
F e b ru a ry ____ _______
M a r c h _______________
A p ril________________
M a y _________________
J u n e _________________
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
$86.07
86. 56
88. 3£
87. 02
88.55
86. 94
86. 44
85. 74
88. 3£
88.41
88. 36
89. 22
89. 17
90.75
90. 79
39.0
38. (
38.9
37. £
38.5
38.1
37.6
37. 1
38.0
37.8
37.6
38. C
37.5
38.1
38.6
S ta te
$2. 21
2.25
2. 27
2. 30
2. 3(
2.28
2. 30
2. 31
2. 3c
2. 34
2. 35
2. 35
2. 36
2.35
2.35
$80. 20
83.16
83.18
83. 95
83.56
8 4 . 14
82. 2£
82.86
82. 22
80. 94
79. 92
80. 30
79.66
80. 50
81.75
A lle n to w n -B e th le h e m E a s to n
40.1
39.6
39.8
39.8
39.6
39.5
39.0
38.9
38.6
38.0
37.7
37.7
37.4
37.8
38.2
$ 2 .0C
2.10
2. OS
2.11
2.11
2.13
2.11
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.12
2.13
2.18
2.18
2.14
$78. 41
80.70
79.13
78.07
82. 53
82.14
79. 21
80. 01
79.12
77.12
77.07
77.28
76.29
75. 87
77.28
39.4
38.8
38.6
37.9
39.3
39.3
37.9
38.1
37.5
36.9
36.7
36.8
36.5
36.5
36.8
$1.99
2.08
2.05
2.06
2. 10
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.09
2.10
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.10
E r ie
$86. 51
87. 72
87. 54
86.80
88. 56
90.69
87. 67
87.20
86.68
87.52
85.75
86.68
85.53
85.97
87.91
42.2
40.8
41.
40.0
41.0
41.6
40.4
40.0
39.4
39.6
38.8
39.4
38.7
38.9
39.6
$2.05
2.15
2.13
2.17
2.16
2.18
2.17
2.18
2.20
2. 21
2.21
2.20
2. 21
2. 21
2.22
P e n n s y lv a n ia —C o n tin u e d
H a rris b u rg
1956: A v erag e ______________
1957: A v erag e...................... .
1957: J u n e _________________
J u l y --------------- --------A u g u s t_______________
S e p te m b e r___________
O c t o b e r _____________
N o v e m b e r____ ______
D e ce m b e r____ _______
1958: J a n u a r y ...... ........... .........
F e b r u a r y ____________
M a r c h _______________
A p ril________________
M a y . . . _____ ________
J u n e ..................................
$72. 47
75.65
75. 83
77. 81
78.00
76. 63
75. 46
73. 14
71.05
71.63
70. 11
69.55
70.30
71.82
73.92
39.6
39. 4
39.7
39.9
40.0
39.5
39. 1
38.7
37.2
37.7
36.9
36.8
37.0
37.6
38.5
L a n c a ste r
$1.83
1.92
1.91
1.95
1.95
1. 94
1.93
1.89
1.91
1.90
1.90
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
$70. 35
72. 50
71.91
71.20
71.33
73.62
73. 62
74. 48
72. 98
71.68
71.34
72.07
71.34
72.10
73.20
40.9
40.5
40.4
40.0
40.3
40.9
40.9
40.7
40.1
39.6
39.2
39.6
39.2
39.4
40.0
P h ila d e lp h ia
$1.72
1.79
1. 78
1.78
1.77
1.80
1.80
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
$83. 22
85. 57
86. 00
85. 97
86.18
86.58
84.41
86.33
86. 90
84. 97
83.88
83. 82
83. 82
84.48
85.75
40.4
39.8
40.0
39.8
39.9
39.9
38.9
39.6
39.5
38.8
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.4
38.8
P itts b u r g h
$2.06
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.20
2.19
2.19
2.20
2.20
2.20
2. 21
$95. 99
101.09
101.05
102.11
102.54
103. 74
101. 79
101.01
99. 72
96.23
95.86
96.63
97. 27
97.27
98.16
40.5
39.8
40.1
40.2
39.9
39.9
39.0
39.0
38.5
37.3
37.3
37.6
37.7
37.7
37.9
P e n n s y lv a n ia —C o n tin u e d
S c ra n to n
1956: A v erag e______ _______
1957: A v erag e____ ____ ____
1957: J u n e _________________
J u ly --------------------------A u g u s t____________ . .
S e p te m b e r___ _____
O ctober . . . _________
N o v e m b e r___________
D e ce m b e r____________
1958: J a n u a r y ..
________
F e b ru a ry ____ _______
M a r c h _______________
A p ril________________
M a y ____ ___________
J u n e _________________
$60.14
61.28
61.66
61.50
61.28
60.91
61.34
61.50
60. 59
60.91
60. 10
62.16
59. 10
61.78
62.16
38.8
38.3
38.3
38.2
38.3
37.6
38.1
38.2
37.4
37.6
37.1
37.0
35.6
37.9
37.9
$55. 58
57. 66
58. 13
59.09
58. 44
57. 20
56. 52
56.94
55.13
55. 96
55. 65
58. 99
55. 46
55.54
56.36
37.3
37.2
37.5
37.4
37.7
36.9
36.7
36.5
35.8
36.1
35.9
37.1
35.1
35.6
35.9
Y o rk
$1.49
1.55
1.55
1.58
1.55
1.55
1.54
1.56
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.59
1.58
1.56
1.57
$68.88
70. 30
69.03
68. 57
70. 52
70. 58
72.09
72.45
72. 00
71.56
72. 32
71.60
73.08
70.88
72.45
41.0
40.4
37.9
40.1
41.0
40.8
40.5
40.7
40.0
40.2
40.4
40.0
40.6
39.6
40.7
S o u th C aro lin a
S ta te
1956: A v erag e _________ ____
1957: A v erag e_________ ____
1957: J u n e ________ _ . ___
J u l y ---------------------------
August_____ _______
S e p te m b e r__ ________
O c t o b e r _____________
N o v e m b e r____ ______
December__________
1958: January____________
February___________
M arch____ _______
A p ril___
___________
M ay______________
June________ ______
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$55. 61
56. 74
56.45
56.16
56. 06
56.88
56. 59
56. 98
57. 31
56. 84
55. 15
55. 54
54. 08
54. 52
55. 97
40.3
39.4
39.2
39.0
39.2
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.8
39.2
38.3
38.3
37.3
37.6
38.6
$60. 95
64.96
62.41
66.91
68.47
66. 74
65. 27
66. 13
68.85
69. 94
65.57
66. 50
65. 27
67.40
68. 78
S ta te
40.1
40.1
39.5
40.8
41.0
41.2
39.8
39.6
40.5
40.9
39.5
40.8
39.8
40.6
40.7
$72. 94
73.84
74. 21
72.89
73. 47
74. 61
73.84
75.36
71.80
72. 57
68.63
67. 89
70.69
69.94
72.57
40.3
39.7
39.9
39.4
39.5
39.9
39.7
40.3
38.6
38.6
36.7
36.5
37.8
37.6
38.6
$1.81
1.86
1.86
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.86
1.87
1.86
1.88
1.87
1.86
1.87
1.86
1.88
$1. 68
1. 74
1.73
1.71
1. 72
1.73
1.78
1.78
1.80
1.78
1.79
1.79
1.80
1. 79
1.78
$66.00
67.25
68.51
67. 51
66.11
67. 91
68.87
67.05
68.54
67. 74
67.31
67. 26
67. 21
68.33
70.97
39.7
39.1
40.0
39.2
38.4
39.5
39.6
37.7
39.1
38.9
38.9
38.7
39.0
39.2
40.4
P ro v id e n c e
$1.66
1. 72
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.74
1.78
1.75
1.74
1. 73
1.74
1. 72
1.74
1.76
S o u th D a k o ta
C h arle sto n
$1.38
1.44
1.44
1.44
1. 43
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.44
1.45
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.45
1. 45
$2. 37
2. 54
2.52
2. 54
2.57
2.60
2.61
2. 59
2.59
2.58
2.57
2. 57
2.58
2.58
2.59
R h o d e Is la n d
W ilk e s-B a rreH azleto n
$1. 55
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.62
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.68
1.66
1.63
1.64
R ea d in g
S ta te
$1.52
1.62
1.58
1.64
1.67
1.62
1.64
1.67
1.70
1.71
1.66
1.63
1.64
1.66
1.69
$76. 64
80.02
80.20
80. 05
78. 77
78. 97
84. 50
83. 71
82. 52
81.55
77. 23
78. 52
77. 08
80.43
83. 34
44.8
44.0
44.9
45. 1
43.8
42.3
45.4
44.9
43.7
43.4
41.2
41.8
41. 7
43.5
44.8
$66.17
68.63
68.80
67.55
67.64
68.80
69.08
67.79
69. 77
68.60
67.94
67.82
68.03
69.30
70.70
$1.65
1. 72
1.72
1. 71
1.73
1.72
1.74
1.77
1. 74
1.75
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.75
T en n essee
Sioux F a lls
$1.71
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.80
1.87
1.86
1.86
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.85
1.85
1.86
40.1
39.9
40.0
39.5
39.1
40.0
39.7
38.3
40.1
39.2
39.5
39.2
39.1
39.6
40.4
$84. 59
87.42
87. 43
86. 72
85. 06
87. 27
93.12
93.55
90. 71
90.89
84.60
88. 43
85.94
89. 33
93.41
47.3
45.5
46. 1
45.8
44.3
44. 1
47.2
46.9
45.6
45.0
42.4
43.9
42.8
44.7
46.0
S ta te
$1.79
1. 92
1. 90
1.89
1.92
1.98
1.97
1.99
1.99
2.02
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.00
2.03
$63. 20
66.07
65. 76
66. 33
65.93
66.80
66. 97
66.25
66. 42
63.71
64. 51
65.96
65.11
65.40
65.86
40.0
39.8
40.1
40.2
40.2
40.0
40.1
39.2
39.3
37.7
38.4
38.8
38.3
38.7
39.2
$1.58
1.66
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.67
1.67
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.68
1. 70
1.70
1.69
1.68
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1080
T able C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by State and selected
area —Continued
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Year and month
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
$65.20
68.80
68.17
68.23
69.43
69. 32
70.18
69.52
71.56
68. 71
66. 88
67. 41
67. 08
64.75
69.24
40.0
40.0
40.1
39.9
40.6
40.3
40.1
39.5
40.2
38.6
38.0
38.3
37.9
37.0
38.9
39.6
39.3
39.2
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.3
38.5
39.0
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.2
38.7
39.3
$1.63 $73.66
78. 21
1.72
77.22
1.70
77. 42
1. 71
79.20
1.71
1. 72 79.39
79. 39
1.75
1.76
78. 92
79. 95
1.78
79. 49
1.78
79.49
1.76
80.
50
1.76
78.69
1. 77
79.34
1.75
1.78
80.17
$1.86
1.99
1. 97
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.02
2.05
2.05
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.06
2.05
2.04
41.1
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.1
41.1
40.6
40.7
39.8
38.8
36.6
39.4
39.1
39.3
37.8
$70. 69
73.35
72. 58
73.57
71.38
75. 21
74.30
76. 52
74. 43
72. 56
66. 25
73.68
72. 91
72.31
67.28
State
Nashville
Memphis
Knoxville
$1.72
1.82
1.81
1.83
1.78
1.83
1.83
1.88
1. 87
1.87
1. 81
1.87
1.86
1.84
1.78
$65. 37
67.20
67.03
67. 54
67. 77
67.32
68. 23
68.28
69.20
67. 77
67.30
67. 38
69.03
69. 87
70. 75
40.6
40.0
39.9
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.9
39.7
40.0
39.4
38.9
38.5
39.0
39.7
40.2
$1.61
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.69
1.70
1. 71
1.72
1.73
1.72
1. 73
1.75
1.77
1.76
1.76
41.4
41.2
41.6
41.4
41.4
41.8
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.6
40.1
40.2
39.8
40.4
41.0
$80. 32
84. 46
85.28
86.11
85.28
86.53
84.25
84.65
85.90
84.45
83.01
83. 21
82.39
84.03
85.69
1956: Average........................
1957: Average........................
1957: June..............................
July— ..........................
August.......... ..............
September__________
October........................
November__________
December.....................
1958: January........................
February......................
March_____________
April______________
May..................... ........
June............. ...............
$75.58
77. 49
77.93
76.89
77.04
78.09
77.16
77.18
79.13
77.95
76.38
77.38
76.80
78.58
77.99
41.3
41.0
40.8
40.9
41.2
41.1
40.4
40.2
41.0
40.6
40.2
40.3
40.0
40.3
40.2
$1.83
1.89
1. 91
1.88
1.87
1.90
1. 91
1.92
1.93
1.92
1.90
1.92
1.92
1.95
1.94
42.1
41.2
42.3
41.3
42.1
41.9
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.1
38.9
39.8
39.7
40.7
41.3
$89.67
92.29
94.75
92.51
95.15
94.28
93.02
95.65
94.60
92.63
91.03
93.13
92.90
96.05
101.60
$2.13
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.26
2.25
2.28
2.35
2.33
2. 31
2. 34
2.34
2.34
2.36
2.46
41.0
40.6
41.1
41.0
41.3
41.0
39.7
39.8
40.1
39.7
39.9
39.8
39.4
39.8
37.6
$2.03
2.13
2.13
2.11
2.14
2.17
2.14
2.16
2.20
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.17
2.20
1956: Average. __________
1957: Average____________
1957: June..............................
July..... .....................
August------------------September__________
October____________
November__________
December....... ............
1958: January.....................
February— ......... .
March........ ................
April--------- ------ ----May______________
June............................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$67. 47
71. 4e
71. Of
68. 8f
70. 7£
71. 3i
73. 85
78. 1"
73. 91
71. 5C
68. 7C
69. 21
70. 4'
69. 4Í
69. 9.
40.4
40.
40.
39.
40.5
40.
40.
41.
40.
39.
38.5
39.1
40.
38.
39.
$1.6'
1.76
1. 75
1.7C
1.71
1.7'
1.81
1.8'
1.81
1.8
1.8(
1.7'
1. 7‘
1.8Í
1.7Í
40.6
40.7
40.8
41.3
41.7
41.8
41.1
39.7
40.9
40.2
38.9
39.4
39.0
39.6
39.5
$1.44
1.52
1.49
1. 51
1.52
1.54
1.54
1.57
1.54
1.56
1.56
1.55
1.56
1.59
1.59
$67.36
68.14
69.02
67.53
67. 97
68.36
68. 21
66.41
67.44
67.10
66.93
66.72
66.30
67. 55
68.04
42.1
40.8
41.3
40.5
40.7
41.1
40.8
39.4
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.4
39.2
39.6
39.9
$1.60
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.70
1.69
1.69
1. 69
1.71
1.71
$60.79
66.09
64.65
64.49
67. 51
66. 25
68.04
69.04
70. 77
69.40
68.84
68.32
67. 71
68.72
68.31
40.8
40.3
39.7
39.9
40.2
40.5
40.3
39.8
40.2
40.2
39.9
40.5
40.2
40.3
40.2
$2.07
2. 22
2.26
2.17
2.23
2.18
2.21
2.21
2.29
2.34
2.30
2.29
2.29
2.28
2.28
State
$1.49
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.68
1.64
1.69
1.73
1.76
1.73
1.73
1.69
1.68
1.70
1.70
$84.20
79.60
81.20
76.28
76.40
77. 77
78.38
78.06
78. 72
76. 95
76.33
75. 71
75.45
73. 53
76.31
43.4
40.0
40.5
38.6
38.4
39.1
39.2
38.6
39.0
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.2
37.1
37.9
$1.94
1.99
2.00
1.97
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.03
2.02
2.01
1.98
1.97
1.97
1.98
2.01
$61.81
64.40
64.88
65.61
64. 48
64.80
64.88
64.87
65.01
64.18
63.20
64.02
63.08
64.02
65.50
40.4
40.0
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.0
40.3
39.8
39.4
38.9
38.3
38.8
38 0
38.8
39.7
$1.53
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.60
1.62
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.65
1.65
Washington
41.0
40.
40. £
41.
40.8
40.4
40.
40. £
40. £
40.
39. £
39.8
39. €
39.8
40.1
$1.67
1.77
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.77
1. 79
1.84
1.85
1.85
1.8C
1.8Í
1.8C
1.8.
1.8.
$88. 77
90. 25
90. 54
89.34
91.35
88. oe
89.1
89. If
92.75
91. 7€
90.95
91.65
90.85
91. 8(
92.0C
39.1
38. f
38.8
38.4
39.1
37. £
38.5
37.
38
38.
38. Í
38.
38.1
38.
38.'
Spokane
Seattle
State
Richmond
$68.47
71.81
73.21
74. 4C
72.25
71. 51
71. 6C
74. 55
73. 71
73. 8£
71.1C
72.81
73.6(
73.61
74. 5(
40.1
39.8
40.2
41.4
40.7
40.1
38.3
39.0
38.7
38.8
38.9
39.1
38.8
39.1
39.2
$83.01
88. 36
90.85
89.84
90.76
87.42
84.64
86.19
88.62
90. 79
89.47
89. 54
88.85
89.15
89.38
Springfield
Virginia—Continued
Norfolk-Portsmouth
$58.46
61.86
60.79
62.36
63. 38
64.37
63.29
62.33
62.99
62. 71
60.68
61.07
60. 84
62.96
62.81
Virginia
Burlington
State
Salt Lake City
$83.23
86.48
87. 54
86. 51
88. 38
88. 97
84.96
85.97
88.22
85. 75
86.98
87.16
86.29
86 37
82.72
$2.19
2.33
2.33
2. 37
2.36
2.41
2.39
2. 39
2.41
2. 41
2. 41
2.37
2. 39
2. 37
2.39
Vermont
U tah—Continued
1956: Average......... ...............
1957: Average........................
1957: June..............................
July..............................
August..........................
September....................
October........................
November.................. .
December__________
1958: January......................
February_____ _____
March...........................
April___ ___________
May......... .................. .
June.................. .........-
41.8
41.3
42.0
41.5
41.4
42.1
40.2
40.2
41.3
40.9
40.2
40.5
40.0
39.9
40.4
$91.53
96.23
97. 86
98. 36
97.70
101.46
96.08
96.08
99.53
98. 57
96.88
95.99
95.60
94. 56
96. 56
State
San Antonio
Houston
Fort Worth
$1.94
2.05
2.05
2.08
2.06
2.07
2.07
2 09
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.09
Utah
Texas—Continued
Dallas
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Texas
Terinessee—Continued
Chattanooga
1956: Average........................
1957: Average........................
1957: June..............................
July...............................
August..........................
September........ ...........
October...................—
November__________
December__________
1958: January........................
February----------------March...........................
April.............................
May_______________
June........................ —
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$2.27
2.34
2.33
2.33
2.34
2. 33
2.33
2. 3''
2.3£
2.33
2.3«
2.33
2.33
2. 3£
2.33
$86.87
89.39
87.50
88. 07
89.24
87.90
88.81
87. 41
91.94
90.95
89.91
90.9£
89.7C
90. 4C
90.1C
38. f
38. £
37.8
38.0
38.
37.8
38.5
37.4
38. £
38. £
38.4
38.8
38.
38. £
38.
$2.23 $91.85
94.53
2.35
94.55
2.35
94. 7f
2.35
96.67
2.31
98. 6f
2.35
94. 7£
2. 3£
94.74
2.34
2.3C 94. 7£
95.24
2.3f
96.25
2.34
2. 3.
99. 7£
2. 3' 100.11
99.11
2.3,
2.3' 101. 61
39. f
38. £
39.
39.4
38. £
39.1
38.'
38
38.5
38. £
38. £
39.
39.'
39.5
40.5
$2.30
2.43
2.39
2.41
2. 48
2. 52
2.45
2.48
2.48
2.47
2.47
2.50
2. 52
2.53
2.53
1081
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by State and selected
area 1—Continued
Avg.
wkly
earn
ings
Year and month
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
hourly
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
wkly
earn
ings
Avg.
hourly
earn
ings
$2.22
2.30
2.29
2.30
2.29
2.32
2.31
2.32
2.34
2.33
2.33
2.33
2.33
2.38
2.38
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
wkly
earn
ings
Avg.
hourly
earn
ings
39.5
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.2
39.2
39.1
38.6
38.3
38.2
37.6
37.8
37.7
37.9
38.5
$80.18
83.07
81.90
84. 71
84.67
84. 67
84.06
83. 37
83.49
83.28
82.72
83.16
83.32
83.80
85.47
$2.03
2.13
2.10
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.18
2.18
2.20
2.20
2. 21
2.20
2.22
$97.85
102.06
99.88
102.34
104.19
104.19
104.23
104. 66
105.18
104. 78
102.44
102. 44
104.80
104.12
106.75
40.6
40.5
40.6
41.1
40.7
40.7
40.4
40.1
40.3
40.3
39.4
39.4
40.0
40.2
40.9
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
wkly
earn
ings
$2.41
2.52
2. 46
2. 49
2.56
2.56
2. 58
2.61
2. 61
2.60
2.60
2.60
2.62
2.59
2.61
Avg.
hourly
earn
ings
Wisconsin
State
Wheeling-Steubenville
Charleston
State
Tacoma
38.3
38.2
39.2
38.0
38.5
38.5
37.7
37.3
38.3
37.8
38.0
38.1
37.2
37.4
38.6
Avg.
hourly
earn
ings
West Virginia
W ashington—Con.
1956: Average........................ $84.89
1957: Average..... .................. 87.86
1957: June_______________ 89.86
Ju ly _____ ____-........ - 87.32
August------------------- 88.07
September__________ 89.28
October......................- 87.19
November__________ 86.45
December---------------- 89. 75
1958: January........................ 88.09
February---------------- 88.59
M arch_____________ 88.70
April---------- ------- —- 86.87
M ay_______________ 89.09
June.............................. 92.05
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
wkly
earn
ings
38.6
37.5
37.1
36.9
37.8
37.7
37.6
36.9
36.1
35.5
35.7
35.9
35.5
35.4
35.7
$87.24
90.00
87.18
91.14
92.61
93.12
92.12
89.67
87.36
86.62
87.82
89.75
90.53
88.14
92.11
$2.26 $84.25
2. 40 86.10
2. 35 86. 53
85.49
2.47
84. 64
2.45
85.50
2.47
2. 45 86.02
2. 43 85.85
87.34
2.42
2.44
86.03
85.25
2.46
85.90
2.50
2. 55 84.93
87.67
2.49
88.37
2.58
41.7
40.9
41.1
42.1
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.0
40.5
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.3
40.1
40.5
$2.02
2.10
2.11
2.03
2.08
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.17
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.19
2.18
W isconsin—Continued
1956: Average...........—- ........ $82.19
1957: Average........................ 88. 47
1957: June.............................. 88.77
Ju ly............... ............... 86.25
August----- -------------- 90.04
September__________ 89. 41
October........................ 90. 55
November__________ 90.44
December__________ 91.44
1958: January------------------ 90.59
February..................... 90.20
March......................... 91.52
91.26
April______________
M ay.............................. 107.45
June_______________ 99.70
37.8
39.0
39.1
38.1
39.3
38.8
39.1
39.1
39.4
38.8
38.5
38.9
38.9
43.0
40.8
$2.17
2.27
2.27
2.26
2.29
2.31
2.32
2.31
2.32
2.34
2.34
2.36
2.35
2.50
2.44
$80.80
86.56
89.24
85.37
89.20
88.83
87. 74
87.26
86.21
85.68
89.69
89. 46
89.94
88.52
89.64
40.3
39.8
40.8
39.3
40.4
39.8
39.2
39.0
38.6
38.6
40.1
39.8
40.1
39.5
40.1
$2.00
2.18
2.19
2.18
2.21
2.23
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.22
2.24
2.25
2.24
2.24
2.24
$91.63
93.93
94.25
92.35
92.00
93.59
95.16
94.37
94.48
91.26
90.43
90.68
92. 55
91.42
91.43
41.2
40.4
40.8
40.9
39.8
39.7
40.0
40.0
39.8
38.8
38.5
38.5
39.8
38.9
39.1
Racine
Milwaukee
Madison
La Crosse
Kenosha
$2.22
2.33
2.31
2.26
2.31
2.36
2.38
2.36
2.37
2.35
2.35
2.36
2.33
2.35
2.34
$92.81
94.37
94. 87
94.95
95.32
95.50
93.13
92. 56
93.80
93.27
92.14
93.00
91.56
95.25
96.25
41.4
40.4
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.4
39.4
39.5
39.9
39.3
39.0
39.3
38.6
39.7
39.9
$2.24
2.34
2.33
2.33
2.34
2.37
2.36
2.35
2.35
2.37
2.36
2.37
2.37
2.40
2.41
$85. 77
88.96
88.24
87.14
88.09
89.96
89.26
90.44
89.58
90.59
91.19
92.31
91.84
92.73
92.31
Wyoming
Casper
State
1956: Average------------------ $89.73
1957: Average........................ 92.17
1957: June....................... ...... 93.12
Ju ly .............................. 90.52
August------------------- 90.80
September...... ............. 94.09
October____________ 88.24
November__________ 93.90
December__________ 97.88
1958: January------------------ 98.80
February------ ---------- 93.07
March................... ...... 93.80
April---------------------- 97.11
M ay_______________ 96. 43
June_______________ 95. 73
40.6
39.9
38.8
39.7
40.9
39.7
38.7
40.3
41.3
40.0
38.3
38.6
39.0
39.2
38.6
$2.21
2.31
2.40
2.28
2.22
2.37
2.28
2.33
2.37
2.47
2.43
2.43
2.49
2. 46
2.48
$106. 52
112.18
115. 42
119.56
112.03
117. 70
113.14
115.24
121. 76
115. 49
111.33
114.69
117.33
119.14
118.90
40.5
40.5
40.5
42.7
40.3
41.3
39.7
39.6
41.7
40.1
39.2
40.1
40.6
40.8
41.0
$2.63
2.77
2. 85
2.80
2. 78
2.85
2.85
2.91
2.92
2.88
2.84
2.86
2.89
2.92
2.90
i Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or to the cooperating State agency. See table A-5 for addresses
of cooperating State agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 Subarea of New York Northeastern New Jersey.
40.4
39.9
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.0
39.6
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
40.0
39.7
39.5
39.6
$2.12
2.23
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.25
2.25
2.27
2.25
2.30
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.35
2.33
1082
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able D -l.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: All items and major groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and Month
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
All items
Food
Housing
Apparel
Transporta Medical care Personal care Reading and
tion
recreation
Other goods
and services
Average__________
Average__________
Average__________
Average__________
Average.................
Average.....................
Average____ _____
Average............ ........
Average__________
Average__________
Average.....................
95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113.5
114.4
114.8
114.5
116.2
120.2
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
112.6
110.9
111.7
115.4
95.0
101. 7
103.3
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
119.1
120.0
121.7
125.6
97.1
103. 5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
104.3
103.7
105. 5
106.9
90. 6
100 9
108.5
111. 3
118.4
126.2
129.7
128.0
126.4
128.7
136.0
94 9
100 9
104.1
106 0
lii.i
117.2
121.3
125.2
128.0
132.6
138.0
97 6
101 3
101.1
101 1
110.5
111.8
112.8
113.4
115.3
120.0
124.4
104A
103.4
106. 5
107.0
108.0
107.0
106.6
108. 1
112.2
109.7
115.4
118.2
120.1
120.2
122.0
125.5
1954: January.....................
February_________
M arch___________
April............. ...........
M ay_______ _ ____
Ju n e ..........................
July_____________
August.......... ...........
September...... ..........
O ctober....................
November________
December_________
115.2
115.0
114.8
114.6
115.0
115.1
115.2
115.0
114.7
114.5
114.6
114.3
113.1
112.6
112.1
112.4
113.3
113.8
114.6
113.9
112.4
111.8
111. 1
110.4
118.8
118.9
119.0
118.5
118.9
118.9
119.0
119.2
119.5
119.5
119.5
119.7
104.9
104.7
104.3
104.1
104.2
104.2
104.0
103.7
104.3
104.6
104.6
104.3
130.5
129.4
129.0
129.1
129.1
128.9
126.7
126.6
126.4
125.0
127.6
127.3
123.7
124.1
124.4
124.9
125.1
125.1
125.2
125.5
125.7
125.9
126.1
126.3
113.7
113.9
114.1
112.9
113.0
112.7
113.3
113.4
113.5
113.4
113.8
113.6
108.7
108.0
108.2
106. 5
106.4
106.4
107.0
106.6
106.5
106.9
106.8
106.6
120.3
120.2
120.1
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.3
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.0
119.9
1955: January....... ............
February____ _____
March___________
April.........................
M ay....................... .
June_____________
Ju ly.......... ................
August— ................ .
September________
October.....................
November____ ____
December________
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.2
114.2
114.4
114.7
114.5
114.9
114.9
115.0
114.7
110.6
110.8
110.8
111.2
111.1
111.3
112.1
111.2
111.6
110.8
109.8
109.5
119.6
119.6
119.6
119.5
119.4
119.7
119.9
120.0
120.4
120.8
120.9
120.8
103.3
103.4
103.2
103.1
103.3
103.2
103.2
103.4
104.6
104.6
104.7
104.7
127.6
127.4
127.3
125.3
125.5
125.8
125.4
125.4
125.3
126.6
128.5
127.3
126.5
126.8
127.0
127.3
127.5
127.6
127.9
128.0
128.2
128.7
129.8
130.2
113.7
113.5
113.5
113.7
113.9
114.7
115.5
115.8
116.6
117.0
117.5
117.9
106.9
106.4
106.6
106.6
106.5
106.2
106.3
106.3
106.7
106.7
106.8
106.8
119.9
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.9
119.9
120.3
120.4
120.6
120.6
120.6
120.6
1956: January.....................
February___ _____
March______ _____
April____________
M ay.........................
June_____________
July..... ........... .........
August......................
September________
October......... ...........
November........... .
December___ _____
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.9
115.4
116.2
117.0
116.8
117.1
117.7
117.8
118.0
109.2
108.8
109.0
109.6
111.0
113.2
114.8
113.1
113.1
113.1
112.9
112.9
120.6
120.7
120.7
120.8
120.9
121.4
121.8
122.2
122.5
122.8
123.0
123.5
104.1
104.6
104.8
104.8
104.8
104.8
105.3
105.5
106.5
106. 8
107.0
107.0
126.8
126.9
126.7
126.4
127.1
126.8
127.7
128.5
128.6
132 6
133.2
133.1
130.7
130.9
131.4
131.6
131.9
132.0
132.7
133.3
134.0
134 1
134.5
134.7
118.5
118.9
119.2
119.5
119.6
119.9
120.1
120.3
120.5
190 «
12L 4
121.8
107.3
107.5
107.7
108.2
108.2
107.6
107.7
107.9
108.4
120. 8
120.9
121.2
121.4
121.5
121.8
122.2
122.1
122.7
109.0
109.3
123 2
123.3
1957: January__________
February___ _____
M arch...... ................
April____ ________
M ay_______ ____
June_______ ______
Ju ly ......... ................
August......................
September________
O ctober.................
November________
December_________
118.2
118.7
118.9
119.3
119.6
120.2
120.8
121.0
121.1
121.1
121.6
121.6
112.8
113.6
113.2
113.8
114.6
116.2
117.4
117.9
117.0
116.4
116.0
116.1
123.8
124.5
124.9
125.2
125.3
125.5
125.5
125.7
126.3
126.6
126.8
127.0
106.4
106.1
106.8
106.5
106.5
106.6
106.5
106.6
107.3
107.7
107.9
107.6
133.6
134.4
135.1
135.5
135.3
135.3
135.8
135.9
135.9
135.8
140.0
138.9
135.3
135.5
136.4
136.9
137.3
137.9
138.4
138.6
139.0
139.7
140.3
140.8
122.1
122.6
122.9
123.3
123.4
124.2
124.7
124.9
125.1
126.2
126.7
127.0
109.9
110.0
110.5
111.8
111.4
111.8
112.4
112.6
113.3
113.4
114. 4
114.6
123. 8
124.0
124.2
124.2
124.3
124.6
126.6
126 7
126. 7
126. 8
126 8
126.8
1958: January............ ........
February..................
M arch___________
April_____________
M ay_____________
June_____________
J u ly ..........................
122.3
122.5
123.3
123.5
123.6
123.7
123.9
118.2
118.7
120.8
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
127.1
127.3
127.5
127.7
127.8
127.8
127.7
106.9
106.8
106.8
106.7
106.7
106.7
106.7
138.7
138.5
138.7
138.3
138.7
138.9
140.3
141.7
141.9
142.3
142.7
143.7
143.9
144.6
127.8
128.0
128.3
128.5
128.5
128.6
128.9
116.6
116.6
117.0
117.0
116.6
116.7
116.6
127.0
127.0
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
1 The Consumer Price Index measures the average change in prices of goods
and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker families.
Data for 46 large, medium-size, and small cities are combined for the United
States average.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1083
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D-2.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Food, housing, apparel, transpor
tation, and their subgroups
[1947-49=100]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Group
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Food 2__________ ________ ______ _____
Food at home_____________________
Cereals and bakery products_____
Meats, poultry, and fish_________
Dairy products________________
Fruits and vegetables----------------Other foods at home 3_____
121.7
120.5
132.9
119.2
112.4
131.9
111.8
121.6
120.4
132.9
118.3
111.7
134.3
110.9
121.6
120.5
132.8
116.6
111.8
137.4
111.5
121.6
120. 5
132. 7
115.9
112.5
136.6
112.4
120.8
119.6
132. 7
114.4
114.1
130.7
113.8
118.7
117.2
132.6
112.0
114.5
124.4
111.3
118.2
116. 7
132.5
110.2
114.6
121.9
113.1
116.1
111.3
131.8
106. 0
114.6
113.9
114.9
116.0
114.1
131.6
104.6
114.5
114.6
115.6
116.4
114.7
131.4
106.3
114.2
114.5
116.2
117.0
115. 5
131. 2
110.3
113.1
114.8
115.0
117.9
116.6
131.0
111.9
111.5
121.3
113.8
117.4
116.1
130.8
109. 5
110. 5
126.9
111.7
115.4
113.8
130.5
105.2
111.8
118.6
112.9
111.7
110.2
125.6
97.1
108.7
119.0
112.8
Housing 4________________ ____ ____ _
Rent___ ________________________
Gas and electricity------------- --------Solid fuels and fuel oil______________
Housefurnishings__________________
Household operation..............................
127.7
137.8
117.0
132.3
104.0
131.2
127.8
137.7
116.9
131.7
104.1
131.1
127.8
137.5
116. 5
131.6
104.0
130.9
127.7
137.3
116.0
134.2
104.0
130.9
127.5
137.1
115.9
136.7
103.9
130.7
127.3
137.0
115.9
137.2
104.9
129.9
127.1
136. 8
115. 7
138. 4
104.2
129.7
127.0
136.7
114.3
138.3
104.9
129.6
126.8
136.3
114.3
138.0
104.5
129.4
126.6
136.0
113.8
137.6
104.8
128.7
126.3
135.7
113.7
136.8
104.8
128.3
125.7
135.4
113.3
135. 7
103.9
128.0
125.5
135.2
112.3
135.9
104.1
127.9
125.6
135.2
113.0
137.4
104.6
127.5
121.7
132.7
111.8
130.7
103.0
122.9
Apparel____ __ ___________________ 106.7
Men’s and boys’___________________ 108.5
98.6
Women’s and girls’________________
Footwear_________________________ 129.7
Other apparel8____________________ 92.0
106.7
108.8
98.5
129.8
91.9
106.7
108.9
98.4
129.7
92.1
106.7
109.1
98.2
129.8
91.9
106.8
108.9
98.8
129. 5
91.9
106.8
109.0
98.6
129.5
92.0
106.9
109.0
98.8
129.3
91.9
107.6
109.5
100.1
129.1
92.3
107.9
109.4
100.8
129.0
92.6
107.7
109.4
100.6
128.3
92.5
107.3
109.3
99.8
128.1
92.3
106.6
108.8
98.6
128.3
92.0
106.5
108.8
98.6
128.1
91.9
106.9
109.0
99.2
127.9
92.1
105.5
107.4
98.7
123.9
91.4
Transportation. -------------- ------------------ 140.3
Private_______ .. _______________ 129.3
Public_________________ __________ 189.5
138.9
128.0
187.7
138.7
128.0
186.1
138.3
127.6
186.1
138.7
128.0
185.9
138.5
127.9
185.4
138.7
128.4
182.4
138.9
128.6
182.4
140.0
129.7
182.8
135.8
125. 4
181.6
135.9
125.5
181.1
135.9
125.6
180.6
135.8
125.6
180.2
136.0
125.8
178.8
128.7
118.8
172.2
4 In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
8Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous items.
S ource : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
* In addition to subgroups shown here, total food includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
1 Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other miscellaneous foods.
T able
D-3.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Special groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Durable
commodi
ties 1
Nondura
ble com
modities
less food 8
95.7
102.9
101.5
101.3
108.9
109.8
110.0
108.6
107.5
108.9
112.3
94.9
101.8
103.3
104.4
112.4
113.8
112.6
108.3
105.1
105.1
108.8
95.7
103.1
101.1
100.9
108. 5
109.1
110.1
110.6
110.6
113.0
116.1
94.5
100.4
105.1
108.5
114.1
119.3
124.2
127.5
129.8
132.6
137.7
94.7
100.1
105.2
108.1
114.6
120.1
124.6
127.7
130.1
133.0
138.6
114.4
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.7
114.7
112.2
112.1
112.6
112.8
113.8
113.6
108.2
108.4
108.6
108.6
110.9
110.3
116.3
116.0
116.7
117.0
117.4
117.3
137.9
138.3
138.8
139.2
139.8
140.0
138.9
139.3
139.8
140.3
140.9
141.1
115.4
115.5
116.4
116.6
116.6
116.6
116.8
113.5
113.2
113.1
112.8
112.9
112.9
113. 1
110. 5
110.3
109.6
109.6
109.7
109.6
109.8
117.0
116.7
116.9
116.6
116.5
116.7
116.9
140.5
141.0
141.7
142.1
142.3
142.3
142.6
141.7
142.3
143 1
143.5
143.8
143.8
144.1
All com
modities
All items
less food
All items
less shelter
Average- .............. .................. ...... ................ ...........
Averaee-------------------- ----------- ----------------------Average- --------------------------------------------------Average____________________________________
Average- -------- -------------- ---------------------------Average ___________ ______ ________ _______
Average __________________________________
Average______ - ___________________________
Average____________________________________
Average- --------------------------------------------------Average-.....................................................................-
95.1
101.9
103.0
104.2
110.8
113.5
115.7
116.4
116.7
118.8
122.8
95.6
103.1
101.3
102.0
110.5
112.7
113.1
113.0
112.4
114.0
117.8
96.3
103.2
100.6
101.2
110.3
111.7
111.0
110.2
109.0
110.1
113.6
1957: July........... - ________________________________
August__________________________ — --------September____________________________ - -October_____________ _______ _______________
November_______ ____________ ____________
Decem ber---------------------- -- ------------------- --
122.8
123.0
123.4
123.7
124.6
124.5
118. 5
118.7
118.7
118.6
119.2
119.2
1958: January________ ___________________________
February.-------- -------------------- --------------------March_____________________________________
April ____ _________________ _____________
May____________ __________________ ______
J u n e__________ ________________________ -July_______________________________________
124.7
124.8
125.0
125.0
125.1
125.2
125.4
120.0
120.2
121.0
121.2
121.3
121.4
121.6
Year and month
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
i See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
J Includes household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor coverings,
dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable toys, sport
ing goods, and from 1953 forward, water heaters, kitchen sinks, sink faucets,
and porch flooring.
8 Includes solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefurnishings, household paper,
electric light bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel (except shoe re
pairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet goods, nondurable
toys, newspapers, cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, and from 1953 forward,
house paint and paint brush.
4 Includes rent, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto insurance,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All com
modities
less food
All
All services
services 4 less rent8
auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services, group hospitalization, barber and beauty shop services,
television repairs, motion picture admissions, and from 1953 forward, home
purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage interest, property insurance, repainting
garage, repainting rooms, reshingling roof, and refinishing floors.
5
Formerly all services less shelter for 1953 and later years; for definition of
services, sec footnote 4.
N ote: Indexes from 1953 forward have been revised to reflect the distribu
tion of shelter items, formerly included in “all services and shelter” now en
titled “all services,” among the appropriate commodity and service classi
fications.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1084
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
D-4.
Consumer Price Index —United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods
Commodity
Cereals and bakery products: U n i t
Flour, wheat-------- ----------5 lb ..
Biscuit mix 4___________ 20 oz_.
Corn meal------------------------ lb ..
Rice..........................................l b Rolled o a ts------------------- 18 oz__
Corn flakes_____________12 oz._
Bread------------------------------ lb—
Soda crackers 4------------------ lb ..
Vanilla cookies......... ...........7 oz..
Meats, poultry, and fish:
1958
1957
Annual
average
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.3 Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
114.6
95.8
115.7
97.6
138.0
149.7
144.5
113.8
126.5
114.9
95.8
115.6
97.5
138.0
149.7
144.4
113.6
126.5
115.4
96.0
155.5
96.8
137.9
149.4
144.0
113.7
126.7
115.4
95.9
115.4
96.3
137.9
149.0
143.8
113.6
126.8
115.1
96.0
115.3
95.9
137.7
148.5
143.7
113.4
127.7
114.7
96.0
115.2
95.8
137. 5
147.6
143.7
113.6
127.6
114.4
96.0
114.1
95.6
137.2
146.5
143.7
113.3
128.1
113.7
96.0
114.1
95.3
137.2
143.0
142.7
113.4
127.9
113.8
95.9
114.1
95.2
136.7
138.5
142.5
113.4
127.9
114.1
95.9
114.0
94.6
136.5
136.4
142.2
112.9
127.8
114.0
95.6
114.1
94.4
136.3
136.2
142.0
113.2
127.4
113.9
95.8
113.4
93.7
136.4
136.0
141.8
113.1
127.2
113.7
95.7
113.4
93.3
136.0
135.4
141.5
113.2
127.3
113.4
95.8
113.3
93.5
134.9
136.1
141.0
112.4
127.3
110.7
95.4
111.0
92.8
119.1
128.9
134.7
107.3
124.0
125.4
122.3
128.5
117.4
124.3
112.6
144.7
120. 7
132.2
116.5
107.1
113.1
124.2
122. 6
128.8
118.2
124.5
112.3
145.3
118.3
131.8
112.4
106.1
112.6
122.0
121.7
128.4
116.9
124.5
110.9
144.3
115.0
125.4
110.4
104.7
111.8
121.5
121.5
128.4
118.5
123.9
109.1
143.1
114. 7
125.3
109.2
105.5
113.4
118.8
117 9
125.2
115.4
121.5
103.3
142.4
112.6
123.0
105.8
105.5
112.4
116. 7
114 ft
122.7
110.2
120.4
100.7
140.4
111.3
121.7
105.9
102.3
113.2
115.1
112 ft
122.1
106.6
120.6
98.3
135.9
110 1
120.8
103.7
102.1
110.5
110. 5
107 7
117.8
102.1
114.9
91.8
130.4
105 2
117.1
96.8
99.0
105.1
108 9
105 ft
116.3
98.5
112.9
90.1
128.7
10ft 7
117.3
96.0
94.7
104.3
111. 1
m 2
110ft
117.1
98.4
113.7
89.7
128.8
119.2
97.9
114.4
91.2
128.8
110 2
127.6
120.3
102.6
105.5
117.8
96.1
113.5
89.7
128.0
113.7
95.0
111.0
86.6
127.9
107.1
87.2
104.7
79.3
120.8
120.9
103.7
95.3
104.5
119.1
99.9
115.2
90.6
129.5
11fí 0
124.7
117.4
99.1
105.7
127.3
111.0
99.1
105.5
119.1
101.5
97.4
103.5
107.6
79.0
92.4
99.8
109.6
104.2
81.5
108.6
103.4
81.9
106.5
101.6
81.7
105.2
99.7
80.1
102.9
98.4
83.5
100.2
98.1
79.7
99.0
97.7
77.0
97.3
96.8
74.2
97.2
96.2
73.1
98.1
95.2
73.8
98.5
94.6
78.5
97.7
94.2
83.3
95.0
93.8
83.3
93.1
93.1
78.4
85. 4
84.4
80.4
117. 6
119.9
117.1
119.4
117.6
120.4
117.6
120.4
117.1
119.7
115 4
116.6
113 8
113.9
112 2
111.5
111 4
110.1
lio 5
108.5
110 0
107.6
110 2
107.8
10¿8
IO7 ! 6
105.5
131.5
131.3
131.3
131. 2
131. Ï
131. 0
130. 8
130.8
130.7
130.4
130.1
130.2
130.1
130.1
125.5
95.9
95.3
95.2
95.3
95.0
94.9
94.4
93.7
93.4
93.6
93.6
93.6
93.6
93.3
94.6
118.2
117.0
117.1
118.3
120.5
121.2
121.5
121.9
121.8
121.0
119.5
116.9
115.0
117.6
113.6
122.6
121.6
121. 7
122. 4
125.2
125.8
126.0
126.2
126.1
125.5
123.8
121.5
120.1
122.1
118.4
98.0
93.0
109.4
111.2
98.3
93.0
109.5
111.1
98.3
93.1
109.6
110.9
98.4
93.5
109.9
111.1
98.2
94.8
110.0
110.8
98.4
94.8
109.8
110.5
98.4
94.8
109.9
110.1
98.1
94.8
109.6
109.0
97.8
94.9
109.5
108.4
98.0
95.4
109.5
108.5
98.1
94.4
109.6
108.5
97.9
93.2
109.5
108.3
97.7
93.2
109.3
108.0
97.4
94.0
109.3
107.2
95.5
91.3
108.4
103.4
121.0
82.0
155.2
100.2
106.3
139.5
(5)
103.2
173.8
97.1
(8>
104.1
(«)
110.9
69.6
127.4
165.2
119.9
118.0
111.6
116.4
111.0
94.2
94.3
111.5
125.5
108.0
112.3
101.2
104. 1
99.6
123.7
102.5
119.6
137.5
99.3
119. 8
82.4
152.2
99.8
106.4
144.0
193.3
104.2
165. 4
98.9
(8)
(8)
76.7
(s)
101.6
128.7
159.5
123.0
113.9
106.4
127.1
126.3
101.7
93.9
110.6
121.1
107.6
112.1
100.9
103.7
99.5
124.2
102.2
118.5
137.0
97.9
116 2
82.6
143.2
99.5
106.6
150.0
157.7
103.8
160.9
102.9
149.3
(8)
95.2
(8)
(8)
144.1
158.4
132.9
108.4
145.8
147.0
152.3
157.8
125.0
109.5
117.5
107.9
111.8
100.8
104.0
99.4
121.0
101.7
117.3
137.2
95.9
115 5
82.5
141.5
99.5
106.4
149.3
133.3
98.3
169.0
101.8
130.5
112 7
82.6
134.8
99.7
105.2
140.9
121.8
104.8
147.7
102.6
118.2
11 n a
81.9
129.4
100.4
103.1
131.4
117.6
106.9
142.2
101.8
116.4
( 8)
( 8)
( 8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
138.4
147.6
128.7
119.3
140.7
109.7
174.1
148.6
(s)
107.4
111.9
109.5
111.4
100.6
103.6
100.6
112.2
102.2
113. 9
136.1
91.4
(8)
(8)
(8)
115.7
138.3
105.5
123.7
113.0
108.4
165. 5
145.8
(')
106.5
111.1
109.1
111.0
100.8
103.9
100.9
107.9
102.0
112. 3
136.1
89.0
107 7
79.4
99.2
99.8
101.9
116. 5
110.9
99.3
124.6
105.3
110.0
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
109.3
120.3
98.9
132.7
104.7
93.2
120.4
115.4
110.5
105.3
108.0
108.4
110.6
100.4
102.8
101.0
105.5
102.1
79.6
98.9
100.3
101.5
117.4
104.8
144.6
141.9
96.7
(8)
(8)
(8)
77.6
(8)
105.9
112.7
95.9
125.5
133.3
92.7
114.1
83.3
104.5
105.7
108.5
110.5
110.5
100.5
102.8
102.1
104.0
102.8
110. 9
137.1
86.2
79.5
97.8
100.8
99.8
118.0
123. 8
110.9
139.3
97.5
(8)
106.7
(8)
75.1
(8)
106.2
118.2
96.7
131.1
127.9
98.5
120.8
70.9
93.2
105.6
108.1
110.8
110.4
100.5
102.0
102.3
103.7
103.0
79.0
96.4
100.3
100.3
128. 5
(«)
(8)
(8)
155.9
152.9
159.7
106.2
135.5
132.4
160.9
163.8
136.3
108.6
114.4
108.4
111.7
100.7
103.7
99.7
118.2
101.8
116.4
137.0
94.8
107 fi
80.3
123.4
100.5
102.6
128.0
114.1
104.9
137.3
104.2
122.4
<“>
(s)
(8)
(8)
112.6
134.2
101.2
135.2
118.3
102.2
151.7
138.7
171.0
106.0
109.4
109.3
110.9
100.6
103.6
101.2
106.3
102.2
112. 0
136.2
88.5
82.1
79.0
91.2
99.4
95.0
107.0
100.6 100.9
107.5
99.2
100.2
95.9
1ft7 4 12ft 7
1Q4 ft • 140 ft
1 1 2 .2
107.7
104.4
126.8 126.2
126.7
96.5 103.0
101.9
(8) «111.3 « 104.0
123.5 1*109.9 73 97.4
(8) 14 80. 7 72 99. 7
129.6 « 90. 6 78 80.9
86.4 73 87. 5 73 79. 5
114.3 107.9
127.9
166.3 131.0
114.8
135.9 111.9
112.4
117.2 117.1
108.1
130.7 121.9
114.4
115.9 104.1
92.7
124.6 125.9
114.5
95.7 105.1
105.4
109.7 117.7
119.5
106.0 106.3
107.9
110.3 113.2
120.0
111.3 110.4
111.0
110.4 110.2
108.8
100.3 100.3
100.8
101.9 102.2
106.8
103.2 102.1
102.1
102.9 103.4
104.1
102.8 102.6
100.9
Cents
55.3
26.8
12.8
18.4
20.3
25.5
19.2
29.2
24.5
Boof and veal_______________
Round steak..................... lb .. 106.3
Chuck roast----------------- lb .. 65.1
Rib r o a s t................. ....... lb .. 83.0
Hamburger----------------- lb .. 54.8
Veal cutlets...................... lb .. 133. 8
Pork
_______________ —
Pork chops, center c u t ...l b .. 96.9
Bacon, sliced . . ................lb .. 85.1
Ham, whole,.......... .........lb._ 69.2
Lamb, le g .............. - ..........-lb .. 77.9
Other meats:
Frankfurters4,
- ---- lb .. 66.8
Luncheon m eat4 ,12-oz can.. 50.4
Poultry, frvine chickens___
Ready-to-cook---------------- lb.
48.9
Fish
__________________
Fish fresh or frozen_________
Ocean perch fillet, frozen.._lb__ 46.3
Haddock, fillet, frozen____ lb .. 54.7
Salmon, pink_____ 16-oz. can.. 63.3
Tuna fish, chunk 4
6-6H-oz. can.. 32.9
Dairy products:
M i l k , fresh, grocery___________
Homogenized, with vitamin D
added ________ ____ Qt
23.5
M i l k fresh, delivered_________
Homogenized, with vitamin D
a d d e d _______________ fit _ 24.8
Ice cream 4.............. - ............. _pt_. 29.6
B utter...................................... lb— 73.5
Cheese, American process---- lb .. 57.9
Milk evaporated__ 147,£-oz. can.. 15.1
All fruits and vegetables:
Frozen fruits and vegetables4___
Strawberries4--------------10 oz.. 26.5
Orange juice concentrate4 6oz._ 28.5
Peas, green 4------- ------- 10 oz . 19.5
Beans, green 4 -------------- 9 oz.. 23.2
Fresh fruits and vegetables-------Apples. _______________ lb
(s)
B an an as........... .................lb ..
16.6
O ranges----------------------doz.
80.1
Lemons 7_____________ lb .. 17.9
G rapefruit8 •---------------each..
(«)
Peaches 811-------------------- lb ..
16.9
Strawberries 813--------------pt._
(8)
Grapes, seedless 911.............lb .. 30.7
Watermelons 817------------- lb-.
4.3
Potat es_____________ 101b... 67.4
Sweet potatoes__________ lb .. 18.6
Onions_________________ lb „
10.1
Carrots_________________lb .. 14.9
Lettuce..........................h ead -. 16.0
Celery 8-------------------------lb__ 17.1
Cabbage______________ -lb ..
7.6
Tomatoes4______________lb .. 26.4
Beans, green-------------------lb._ 20.2
Canned fruits and vegetables___ ___
Orange juice 4_____ 46-oz. can.. 39.4
Peaches________ . #2H can.. 33.8
Pineapple___________#2 can.. 34.7
F ruit cocktail4_____#303 can.. 26.2
Corn, cream style___#303 can.. 17.6
Peas, green________ #303 can.. 21.0
Tomatoes_________ #303 can.. 18.3
Baby foods 4_______ 4J-S-5 oz.. 10.0
Dried fruits and vegetables . . _
Prunes___ _____________ lb.
33.4
Dried beans_____________lb._ 18.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Aver
age 2
price,
July
1958
H I. 1
135.9
87.3
07
ft
7 9 !4
9 9 .4
1 0 0 .3
1 0 1 .6
1 1 7 .6
104. 6
109.7
133.2
104.9
113.4
(8)
(8)
82.6
(8)
107.1
109.2
97.0
131.6
128.7
91.3
113.5
95.1
113.4
105.5
108.0
109.8
110.6
100.5
103.2
101.6
104.9
101.9
110 7
136.4
86.4
111.0
137.7
86.1
(>)
115.6
133.6
98.1
(8)
99.6
(s)
88.0
72.8
111.0
155. 8
110.2
125.7
153.4
97.6
121.2
77.2
98.8
105.6
108.9
110.8
110.4
100.4
101.7
102.9
103.0
102.9
111 4
140.2
85.2
111 7
141.4
84.9
140.3
85.2
147.2
85.7
1085
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D-4.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods—Continued
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Average9
price,
July
1958
Commodity
Other foods at home:
Partially prepared foods:
Unit Cents
Soup, tomato4. --.11-oz. can.. 12.6
Beans with pork 4__.16-oz. can.. 15.1
Condiments and sauces:
Pickles, sw eet4_______ 7H oz.. 27.0
Catsup, tomato4______ 14 oz.. 22.0
Beverages______________ _____
Coffee. ------------------------- (18)
Tea bags4_____ package of 16.. 24.1
Cola drink 4____ carton, 36 oz.. 27.6
Fats and oils_____
_________
Shortening, hydrogenated
3-lb. can.. 94.6
Margarine, colored..............lb .. 29.2
Lard___________________ lb .. 22.6
Salad dressing....... ............. pt— 37.8
Peanut butter4------ ---------lb .. 55.7
Sugar and sweets....... ................... ___
Sugar............ ...................5 lbs.. 56.7
Corn syrup4__________ 24 oz.. 25.9
Grape jelly 4............ ........ 12 oz.. 27.8
5.2
Chocolate bar4_________1 oz..
Eggs, grade A, large______ doz.. 57.6
Miscellaneous foods:
9.0
Gelatin, flavored 4____ 3-4 oz..
1958
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.*
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
100.5
106.5
100.3
106.4
100.4
106.7
100.3
106.6
100.1
106.3
100.0
105.9
99.1
104.9
98.5
104.6
98.3
104.4
98.5
104.1
98.7
103.6
99.6
104.2
99.9
104.1
99.0
103.9
98.3
103.0
99.8
96.9
179.9
167.3
124.5
121.9
85.8
99.9
96.4
180.9
168.9
124.3
121.7
85.9
100.0
96.1
181.2
169.9
124.2
120.7
86.2
100.6
96.4
182.5
171.6
124.2
120.8
86.2
100.8
96.3
183. 4
172.9
124. 2
120.7
86.1
100.4
97.4
184. 7
175. 0
124.0
120.3
85. 8
100.1
98.2
184 8
175. 2
123.8
120.4
86. 3
99.8
97.4
183 8
173.9
123.2
120.2
86.1
100.7
96.9
183 9
174.2
122.7
120.1
86 1
100. 5
96.3
184. 7
175.4
123.3
119.8
86 1
100.1
95.7
188 0
180.1
123.5
119.4
86.5
100.2
96.0
192. 5
186.5
123.2
119.1
86. 6
100.3
97.2
192 6
186.9
123.3
118.7
86. 5
100.0
99.2
192. 7
187.4
122.9
118.1
86. 8
98.8
101.6
194.0
192.0
121.2
113.0
83.1
89.9
76.5
83.3
100.7
113.7
119.6
118.1
110.7
116.2
114.2
82.5
89.9
77.3
83.1
100.8
112.5
119.2
117.6
110.5
115.9
113.8
78.9
90.9
77.7
82.7
101.0
111.5
118.4
116.2
110.2
115.7
113.2
81.1
91.0
78.0
82.6
100.6
111.0
117.1
115.9
109.7
115.9
109.6
84.5
90.5
78.0
82.6
101.0
110.9
113.9
115.6
108.7
115.9
100.7
90.6
90.1
77.7
82.0
100.8
110.5
113.6
115.6
107.9
115.3
100.4
81.4
91.5
78.1
82.6
100.7
110.5
113.7
115.8
107.3
115.4
100.5
87.6
91.3
78.0
83.2
99.7
110.2
113.4
115. 6
106.9
115.0
100.4
95.5
90.9
77.7
84.1
99.9
110.2
113.4
115.5
106.6
115.0
100.4
98.1
90.9
78.0
84.3
99.7
109.9
113.3
115.4
106.6
114.7
100.4
99.6
92.0
77.9
84.9
99.8
109.9
113.4
115. 5
106.6
115.1
100.4
93.0
92.7
77.7
84.5
99.7
109.8
113.3
115. 5
106.3
114.7
100.5
85.4
92.8
77.7
83. 1
99.8
109.7
113.0
114.9
106.3
114.8
100.5
77.5
93.1
78.5
83.8
99.2
109.8
112.8
114.6
106.0
114.5
100.4
82.2
90.5
75.6
73.1
94.3
110.0
109.6
109.8
101.5
111.4
100.0
86.3
104.4
104.6
104.3
104.1
104.0
104.1
103.8
103.6
103.9
103.5
102.8
103.4
103.1
103.0
99.3
i See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
* Based on prices in the 46 cities used in compiling the Consumer Price
Index. Average prices for each of the 20 large cities listed in table D-5 are
available upon request. Not strictly comparable with prices published for
months prior to January 1958 because of revision of outlet weights. For
explanation, see Retail Food Prices by Cities, January 1958.
9 Prices collected the 9th, 10th, and 11th instead of the week containing the
15th as usual.
‘ December 1952=100.
* Not available.
« 11 months’ average.
i May 1953=100.
» Priced only in season.
T able D-5.
Annual
average
1957
1956
9January 1953=100.
i° 7 months’ average.
» July 1953=100.
193 months’ average,
is April 1953=100.
14 2 months’ average.
15 5 months’ average.
19 4 months’ average.
” June 1953=100.
19 Price of 1-lb. can, 90.6 cents. Price of 1-lb. bag, 75.0 (priced only in chain
stores and large supermarkets).
S
o urce
:
U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Consumer Price Index 1- -All items indexes, by city
[1947-49=100]
1958
City
July
June
May
Apr.
123.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
127.0
(3)
125. 0
124. 3
123.7
(3)
125.2
(3)
121. 1
122.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.7
126. 1
121.3
United States city average9.
123.9
123.7
Atlanta, Ga____________
Baltimore, M d........ .............
Boston, Mass____________
Chicago, 111______________
Cincinnati, Ohio----- --------Cleveland, Ohio__________
Detroit, Mich-----------------Houston, Tex---- ------ ------Kansas City, Mo____ ____
Los Angeles, Calif________
Minneapolis, M inn..............
New York, N. Y _________
Philadelphia, Pa..................
Pittsburgh, Pa___________
Portland, Oreg------ ---------St. Louis, M o___ ______
San Francisco, Calif______
Scranton, Pa_____________
Seattle, Wash__ ________
Washington, D. C________
(3)
0
125.4
127. 6
(3)
(3)
124.3
(3)
124.8
125.4
124.9
121.1
123.3
124.7
124.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
124.9
124.8
(3)
127.5
122.7
(3)
124.2
(3)
(3)
125.1
(3)
121.0
123.0
(3)
(3)
124. 5
128.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
123. 5
123.3
122. 5
122.3
121.6
(3)
(3)
124. 5
127.0
(3)
(3)
124.4
(3)
123.7
125.6
124.1
121. 2
122.9
123.8
125.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(s)
0
124.9
124.1
0
126.8
122.3
(3)
124.2
«
(3)
125.0
(3)
121.2
123.1
0
0
124. 5
126.7
0
0
0
0
0
123.4
126.1
0
0
123.7
0
122.4
123.7
123.2
120.0
122.2
122.6
123.3
0
0
0
0
0
122.4
122.1
0
125.6
120.8
0
123.3
0
0
122.9
0
118.7
122.1
0
0
122.5
124.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
126.2
0
124. 5
123.7
122.3
0
124.1
0
120.3
122.3
0
0
0
0
119.1
125.0
120.3
1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l. Indexes measure time-to-time
changes in prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and
clerical-worker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live
in one city than in another.
9 Average of 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual average
1957
Dec.
Nov.
121.6
0
0
0
125.6
0
123.3
123.5
122.4
0
122.9
0
118.6
122.1
0
0
0
0
117.8
123. 9
119.4
1956
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
121.1
121.1
121.0
120.8
120.2
116.2
0
0
122.0
124.7
0
0
122.7
0
121.8
122.2
122. 2
118.4
122.0
121. 1
121.9
0
0
0
0
0
122.2
121.7
0
124.3
120.9
0
122.8
0
0
122.0
0
118.3
121.9
0
0
122.1
123.5
0
0
0
0
0
122.1
124.1
0
0
123.1
0
121.7
121. 1
121.6
118.4
121.2
120.7
122.2
0
0
0
0
0
121.4
121.0
121.2
123.3
119.6
122.1
122.2
121.5
121.1
121.2
121.1
117.6
120.8
120.2
121.7
121.2
123.1
116.9
123.1
118.3
118.1
116.9
117.1
119.5
116.0
118.0
118.7
117.8
117.5
117.4
117.0
113.9
117.0
116.5
118.0
117.2
118.4
112.9
118.1
114.9
Oct.
0
0
0
124.1
0
122.8
123.0
122.1
0
121.2
0
118.7
121.6
0
0
0
0
117.8
123.7
119.1
9 Indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every 3 months on a
rotating cycle for 15 other cities.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1086
T able D-6.
Consumer Price Index 1—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49 = 100]
Food at home
Total food 2
City
Total food at home
July
1958
July
1957
June
1958
July
1958
June
1958
Cereals and bakery products
July
1957
July
1958
June
1958
Meats, poultry, and fish
July
1957
July
1958
June
1958
July
1957
United States city average 2_„
121.7
121.6
117.4
120.5
120.4
116.1
132.9
132.9
130.8
119.2
118.3
109.5
Atlanta, Oa_______________
Baltimore, Md____________
Boston, Mass_____________
Chicago, 111_______________
Cincinnati, Ohio......................
119.1
122 8
121.9
1195
124.3
119.2
122.4
120.3
118.8
124.1
114.7
118. 7
118 2
115 6
120.5
118 7
120 6
120 3
117.6
123.1
118.8
120.1
118.6
116.7
123.3
113. 5
115.8
116.5
113.7
119.4
126.9
128.3
131.6
123.9
132.0
126.9
128.6
131.5
124.1
132.0
123.8
127.2
131.1
123.1
131.9
122.3
117.8
118.5
112.4
122.3
120.3
117.0
116.6
111.6
120.9
113.0
109.4
107.2
103.6
112.2
Cleveland. Ohio___________
Detroit, Mich_____________
Houston, Tex_____________
Kansas City, Mo____ _____
Los Angeles, C a lif------ -------
118.9
122 8
117.9
114.9
123.8
118.4
123.1
117.1
115.7
123.8
115.3
119. 8
114 3
114 1
117 7
117 2
121.3
1163
112. 8
120 4
116.6
121.8
115.5
114.2
120.4
113.6
118.5
112.6
112. 4
114.7
129.8
125 6
126.2
127. 6
141.1
129.5
125.6
126.3
127.6
141.1
123. 7
124.9
121.1
126.6
138.7
113.6
115.5
114.0
115.6
118.2
113.3
115.6
111.9
114.7
117.5
105.9
106.1
104.9
106.7
109.7
Minneapolis, Minn_________
New York, N. Y ............. ........
Philadelphia, Pa___________
Pittsburgh, Pa.........................
Portland, Oreg____________
119.6
121.7
124.7
123. 8
121.4
119.5
121.6
123.9
123.8
122.1
115.4
117 3
121.1
119. 2
118.5
118. 7
120.1
122.7
123.1
120.6
118.5
119.8
122.0
122.9
121.0
114.2
115.4
119.3
118.0
117.3
134 1
137.7
134. 5
131.0
135.6
134.4
137.8
134.3
131.1
135.4
129 6
135.1
132.7
129.1
132.0
112.3
118.8
120.2
118.8
120.8
111.4
118.4
118.9
117.0
120.9
102.6
109.8
112.1
108.5
111.5
St. Louis, Mo_____________
San Francisco, Calif________
Scranton, Pa______________
Seattle, Wash_____________
Washington, D. C_________
123.2
124.1
120.8
122.2
123.4
122.2
124.5
120.9
121.9
122.8
118 3
118.2
115 7
118.6
119.4
119.7
122 9
120.9
121.8
122.2
118.4
123.4
121.0
121.5
121.5
115.6
116.9
115.7
118.2
117.6
125.4
146.9
135. 2
142.0
131.3
125.7
145.4
134.6
142.1
131.3
124.9
140.1
126.9
137.9
129.6
117.6
122.1
121.2
119. 5
118.7
115.1
120.7
120.2
119.3
117.8
106.6
111.8
109.7
109.6
109.7
Food at home—Continued
City
Fruits and vegetables
Dairy products
July
1958
June
1958
July
1957
Julv
1958
June
1958
Other foods at home 4
July
1957
July
1958
June
1958
July
1957
United States city average >
_______ ____
112.4
111.7
110.5
131.9
134.3
126.9
111.8
110.9
111.7
Atlanta, Ga______________ ______ _____
Baltimore, Md________________________
Boston, Mass_________________________
Chicago. Ill_________ _________________
Cincinnati, Ohio________ ______ _______
113 8
117 6
110.5
111.8
116.1
113.9
117.5
108.1
111.1
116.0
110.2
112 6
114 7
109 6
114.7
129 9
131.9
136.0
131.9
135.3
135.0
131.7
135.2
129.7
139.5
124.0
124.9
129.9
128.8
133.0
105.4
111.9
108.2
116.0
115.5
104.7
111.3
105.7
115.3
114.8
103.2
111.8
108.7
116.1
116.2
Cleveland, Ohio____________ _____ ____Detroit, Mich_____________ ___________
Houston, Tex_________________________
Kansas City, Mo______ _______________
Los Angeles, Calif............. .................. .
107.8
109. 1
112.7
92 6
109.6
107.9
109.4
112.4
101.6
110.1
104.4
109.3
109.2
107.9
105.5
124.4
145.2
125 1
122.8
130.1
123.9
147.8
124.3
124.6
131.1
124.2
146.0
124 3
124.4
117.7
114.9
113.1
108.9
105.6
111.1
113.4
112.9
108.7
105.3
110.8
115. 6
113.5
110.5
104.7
111.6
Minneapolis, Minn__________________
New York, N. Y ...... ......... ..................... .
Philadelphia, Pa__ _____ ______________
Pittsburgh, Pa............................. ..................
Portland, Oreg.___ _____ _____ ________
104.1
114. 8
118.3
114 1
117.0
104.0
112.0
115.5
114.0
117.0
104.7
109.1
116.7
111.8
117.2
135. 8
126.8
135. 4
135.3
121.0
137.2
129.0
136.9
138.5
125.6
130. 9
120.6
129 7
129.4
119.6
118.8
110 3
110.1
121.9
114.9
117.9
110.0
109.9
121.3
113.6
117.7
112.4
112.7
121.3
114.5
St. Louis, Mo_______________ _______
San Francisco, Calif........ ................ ...............
Scranton, Pa_________________ _______
Seattle, Wash_____________ ______ _____
Washington, D. C .................................... ......
105.1
113.9
110.6
115.4
118.6
101.3
114.0
110.6
115.4
117.8
102.7
109.8
110. 5
118. 4
116.6
132 4
130 8
131.8
131. 7
133.7
135.6
139.8
135.9
133.2
132.4
134 3
124.5
127.7
126.2
125.4
120.0
111.7
109.7
110. 5
112.8
118.4
109.7
108.7
108.6
112.7
118.2
110.2
110.2
111.7
113.5
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
2 See footnote 2, table D 2.
2 Average of 46 cities.
4 See footnote 3, table D-2.
S o u r c e : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able
D-7.
1087
Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups 1
Farm products
Processed foods
All commodities
other than farm
and foods
Textile products
and apparel
H id e s , s k in s ,
lea th er, and
leather products
Fuel, power, and
lighting mate
rials
Chemicals and
allied products
Rubber and rub
ber products
L u m b e r and
wood products
Pulp, paper, and
allied products
Metals and metal
products
Machinery and
motive products
F urnitu re and
other h o u se
hold durables
Nonmetallic min
era ls—s tr u c
tural
Tobacco manu
factures and
bottled bever
ages
1947:Average_
1948:Average.
1949:Average.
1950: Average.
1951 ¡Average.
1952:Average.
1953:Average.
1954 ¡Average.
1955:Average.
1956:Average.
1957:Average.
96.4
104.4
99.2
103.1
114.8
111.6
110.1
110.3
110.7
114.3
117.6
100.0
107.3
92.8
97.5
113.4
107.0
97.0
95.6
89.6
88.4
90.9
98.2
106.1
95.7
99.8
111.4
108.8
104.6
105.3
101.7
101.7
105.6
95.3
103.4
101.3
105.0
115.9
113.2
114.0
114.5
117.0
122.2
125.6
100.1
104.4
95.5
99.2
110.6
99.8
97.3
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
101.0
102.1
96.9
104.6
120.3
97.2
98.5
94.2
93.8
99.3
99.4
90.9
107.1
101.9
103.0
106.7
106.6
109.5
108.1
107.9
111.2
117.2
101.4
103.8
94.8
96.3
110.0
104.5
105.7
107.0
106.6
107.2
109.5
99.0
102.1
98.9
120.5
148.0
134.0
125.0
126.9
143.8
145.8
145.2
93.7
107.2
99.2
113.9
123.9
120.3
120.2
118.0
123.6
125.4
119.0
98.6
102.9
98.5
100.9
119.6
116.5
116.1
116.3
119.3
127.2
129.6
91.3
103.9
104.8
110.3
122.8
123.0
126.9
128.0
136.6
148.4
151.2
92.5
100.9
106.6
108.6
119.0
121.5
123.0
124.6
128.4
137.8
146.1
95.6
101.4
103.1
105.3
114.1
112.0
114.2
115.4
115.9
119.1
122.2
93.9
101.7
104.4
106.9
113.6
113.6
118.2
120.9
124.2
129.6
134.6
97.2
100.5
102.3
103.5
109.4
111.8
115.7
120.6
121.6
122.3
126.1
100.8
103.1
96.1
96.6
104.9
108.3
97.8
102.5
92.0
91.0
89.6
1955:
January__
February..
March___
April____
May_____
June..........
July_____
August___
September.
October. _.
November.
December.
110.1
110.4
110.0
110.5
109.9
110.3
110.5
110.9
111.7
111.6
111.2
111.3
92.5
93.1
92.1
94.2
91.2
91.8
89.5
88.1
89.3
86.8
84.1
82.9
103.8
103.2
101.6
102.5
102.1
103.9
103.1
101.9
101.5
100.2
98.8
98.2
115.2
115.7
115.6
115.7
115.5
115.6
116.5
117.5
118.5
119.0
119.4
119.8
95.2
95.2
95.3
95.0
95.0
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.6
95.6
91.9
92.3
92.2
93.2
92.9
92.9
93.7
93.8
94.0
95.3
96.4
96.7
108.5
108.7
108.5
107.4
107.0
106.8
106.4
107.2
108.0
108.0
108.6
109.3
107.1
107.1
106.8
107.1
106.8
106.8
106.0
105.9
106.0
106.5
106.6
106.6
136.8
140.6
138.0
138.3
138.0
140.3
143.4
148.7
151.7
147.8
150.6
151.0
120.3
121.2
121.4
122.4
123.5
123.7
124.1
125.1
125.7
125.4
125.0
125.1
116.3
116.6
116.8
117.4
117.7
118.3
119.0
119.7
120.5
122.8
123.2
123.6
130.1
131.5
131.9
132.9
132.5
132.6
136.7
139.5
141.9
142.4
142.9
143.9
125.8
126.1
126.1
126.3
126.7
127.1
127.5
128.5
130.0
131.4
132.5
133.0
115.5
115.4
115.1
115.1
115.1
115.2
115.5
116.0
116.4
116.9
117.2
117.3
122.0
121.8
121.9
122.3
123.2
123.7
125.3
126.1
126.4
126.8
125.2
125.4
121.4
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
97.0
97.1
95.6
94.0
91.3
89.1
90.8
89.8
90.3
91.5
88.0
88.8
1956:
January...
February..
March___
April____
May..........
June..........
July_____
August__
September.
October__
November.
December.
111.9
112.4
112.8
113.6
114.4
114.2
114.0
114.7
115.5
115.6
115.9
116.3
84.1
86.0
86.6
88.0
90.9
91.2
90.0
89.1
90.1
88.4
87.9
88.9
98.3
99.0
99.2
100.4
102.4
102.3
102.2
102.6
104.0
103.6
103.6
103.1
120.4
120.6
121.0
121.6
121.7
121.5
121.4
122.5
123.1
123.6
124.2
124.7
95.7
96.0
95.9
95.1
94.9
94.9
94.9
94.8
94.8
95.3
95.4
95.6
96.7
97.1
97.7
100.6
100.0
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.2
99.7
99.8
99.2
111.0
111.2
110.9
110.6
110.8
110.5
110.7
110.9
111.1
111.7
111.2
114.0
106.3
106.4
106.5
106.9
106.9
107.1
107.3
107.3
107.1
107.7
108.2
108.3
148.4
147.1
146.2
145.0
143.5
142.8
143.3
146.9
145.7
145.8
146.9
147.9
126.3
126.7
128.0
128.5
128.0
127.3
126.6
125.2
123.6
122.0
121.5
121.0
124.8
125.4
126.8
127.4
127.3
127.4
127.7
127.9
127.9
128.1
127.8
128.0
145.1
145.1
146.5
147.7
146.8
145.8
144.9
150.2
151.9
152.2
152.1
152.3
133.3
133.9
134.7
135.7
136.5
136.8
136.9
137.7
139.7
141.1
143.4
143.6
118.0
118.2
118.1
118.0
118.0
118.1
118.3
119.1
119.7
121.0
121.1
121.2
127.0
127.1
127.9
128.6
128.6
128.9
130.6
130.8
131.1
131.5
131.2
131.3
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.6
121.6
121.7
122.5
122.8
123.1
123.5
123.6
89.6
88.7
88.2
92.1
96.1
92.9
91.3
91.1
89.9
89.2
91.2
91.7
1957:
January__
February..
March___
April____
May_____
June_____
July_____
August__
September.
October —
November.
December.
116.9
117.0
116.9
117.2
117.1
117.4
118.2
118.4
118.0
117.8
118.1
118.5
89.3
88.8
88.8
90.6
89.5
90.9
92.8
93.0
91.0
91.5
91.9
92.6
104.3
103.9
103.7
104.3
104.9
106.1
107.2
106.8
106.5
105.5
106.5
107.4
125.2
125. 5
125.4
125.4
125.2
125.2
125.7
126.0
126.0
125.8
125.9
126.1
95.8
95.7
95.4
95.3
95.4
95.5
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.1
95.0
94.9
98.4
98.0
98.4
» 98.6
3 98.9
» 99.8
* 100. 6
» 100.3
3 100.0
3 100.1
» 100. 0
99.5
116.3
119.6
119.2
119.5
118.5
117.2
116.4
116.3
116.1
115.8
115.7
116.2
108.7
108.8
108.8
109.1
109.1
109.3
109.5
109.8
110.2
110.4
110.3
110.6
145.0
143.9
144.3
144.5
144.7
145.1
144.9
146.9
146.5
146.2
144.7
145.7
121.3
120.7
120.1
120.2
119.7
119.7
119.3
118.6
117.8
117.3
116.9
116.3
128.6
152.2
128.5
151.4
128.7
151.0
128.6
150.1
128.9
150.0
128.9
150.6
129.5
152.4
129.9
153.2
130.1
152.2
130.9
150.8
130.9
150.4
131.0 » 150. 5
143.9
144.5
144.8
145.0
145.1
145.2
145.8
146.2
146.9
147.7
149.2
149.4
121.9
121.9
121.9
121.5
121.6
121.7
122.2
122.4
122.3
122.6
122.7
123.5
132.0
132.7
133.2
134.6
135.0
135.1
135.2
135.3
135.2
135.3
135.4
135.7
124.0
124.1
124.1
124.5
124.5
124.7
127.7
127.7
127.7
127.7
127.8
128.0
93.2
92.4
92.0
91.4
89.4
87.3
88.8
90.1
89.4
87.7
86.8
87.2
93.7 109.5
96.1 109.9
100.5 110.7
97.7 111.5
98.5 112.9
95.6 <113.5
95.0 112.7
126.1
125.7
125.7
125.5
125.3
125.3
125.7
94.6
94.1
94.0
93.7
93.5
93.3
93.3
99.5
99.6
99.5
99.7
99.9
100.3
100.4
116.1
110.8
113.6
110.6
112.4
110.7
111.0
111.0
110.3
110.8
110. 7 <110.7
110.4
111.9
145.1
144.6
144.6
144.5
143.8
144.2
144.7
118.3
115.8
115.5
115.7
115.9
<116. 4
116.8
130.8 * 150. 0
130.8
150.1
130.5
149.8
130.5
148.6
130.5
148.6
130.5 <148.8
131.0
148.8
149.4
123.8
149.3
123.6
123.5
149.2
149.4
123.4
123.2
149.4
149.5 < 123. 0
149.5
123.2
136.4
136.5
135.3
135.4
135.7
135. 5
135.6
128.1
128.1
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
88.3
89.3
94.3
97.8
96.2
93.7
97.2
1958:
January__ 118.9
February.. 119.0
March___ 119.7
119.3
April____
May........
119.5
June_____ <119. 2
July 2____ 119.2
1 As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were intro
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
2 Preliminary.
> Corrected.
4 Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M iscellaneous
products
Year and
month
All commodities
[1947-49=100]
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S ource: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1088
T able D-8.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Commodity group
All commodities______________________
July2 June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
119.2
119.5
119.3
119.7
119.0
118.9
118.5
118.1
117.8
118.0
118.4
118.2
117.6
114.3
92.6
108.3
80.5
82.6
103.7
99.0
93.4
78.6
142.5
91.9
106.3
80.9
79.3
104.7
99.4
100.1
77.6
144.1
91.5
107.7
80.6
78.4
103.3
98.8
103.5
77.3
141.5
91.0
98.9
81.2
81.5
102.9
96.9
91.2
78.0
143.2
93.0
106.3
82.4
86.7
104.0
94.9
79.7
81.3
142.9
92.8
108.0
82.7
86.5
105.0
93.1
76.2
82.4
142.9
90.9
103.6
84.1
80.2
104.0
96.0
77.2
82.0
144.6
88.4
104.2
87.0
71.3
102.8
94.5
81.9
82.6
146.9
109.5
118.0
101.7
114.2
105.6
115.2
173.3
68.5
67.7
70.9
86.4
95.5
107.4
118.3
95.5
114.7
104.6
114.3
173.3
70.4
67.1
70.9
85.5
96.3
106.5
117.6
93.6
114.5
103.8
114.4
172.9
71.1
65.2
68.5
84.7
96.6
105.5 106.5
117.3 116.7
95.7
91.6
113.7 112.4
103.6 102.5
113.8 113.9
172.9 178.3
78.3
74.0
61.3
61.5
68. 5 64.5
84.1
84.7
96.0
96.0
106.8
116.7
97.7
110.3
102.1
113.8
183.7
74.4
62.3
66.1
84.1
95.1
107.2
117.7
99.2
108.2
102.3
114.3
183.7
76.2
65.3
66.9
84.3
94.8
105.6
116.9
91.9
111.7
103.9
113.4
183.1
75.6
65.7
70.1
86.1
95.5
101.7
115.2
81.6
108.6
107.9
109.8
192.7
69.8
68.5
73.4
85.3
96.8
119.2
95.0
Farm products_______________________
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables___ 105.4
G rains____________________________ 79.8
Livestock and live poultry____________ 97.1
Plant and animal fibers..'.___ ________ 101.8
Fluid milk.................................................. 91.9
Eggs. ____________________________ 76.1
76.2
Hay, hayseeds, and oil seeds__________
Other farm products.............. ................ . 139.9
95.6
103.0
81.3
98.8
101.9
90.2
74.9
79.3
141.4
98.5
123.4
84.2
99.8
101.6
90.5
75.7
79.7
142.0
97.7
130.4
85.7
94.5
101.4
91.7
77.1
79.9
142.3
100.5
96.1
93.7
143.1 127.9 121.2
82.2
79.9
79.0
91.1
86.2
95.8
101.7 102.8 103.4
95.7 4 98.0 498.3
74.2
73.9
93.6
79.4
79.0
79.2
143.4 142.2 143.7
112.7
117.5
112.1
111.6
111.6
117.1
165.2
73.8
57.0
67.5
82.6
97.1
8113. 5
8118. 5
114.1
111.1
2110.3
117.1
168.4
8 73.4
58.8
70.0
3 83.2
96.9
112.9
117.9
112.8
110.8
108.2
116.1
168.4
72.7
63.9
70.9
85.2
96.9
111.5
118.4
108.5
111.4
107.6
115.7
168.4
72.3
64.1
70.9
85.1
97.1
110.7
117.8
105.9
113.4
106.8
114.4
168.4
73.7
63.6
70.9
85.8
96.4
109.9
118.1
102.7
114.2
105.7
115.6
173.3
70.4
66.4
70.9
86.3
95.2
Processed foods_______________________
flerefil find bakery products
Meats, poultry, and fish______________
Dairy products and ice cream_________
Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables..
Sugar and confectionery. _ ___________
Packaged beverage materials
Animal fats and oils............... ............ ......
Crude vegetable oils___________ _____
Refined vegetable oils-----------------------Vppfitftblfi oil find prodlints
Other processed foods________________
All commodities other than farm and foods. 125.7
125.3
125.3
125.5
125.7
125.7
126.1
126.1
125.9
125.8
126.0
126.0
125.7
125.6
122.2
All commodities except farm products.___
123.3
123.1
123.1
123.0
123.0
122.9
123.1
122.8
122.8
122.2
122.5
122.6
122.4
122.1
118.6
T e x tile p r o d u c ts a n d a p p a rel
93.3
87.4
101.1
80.1
116.2
99.2
74.8
93.3
87.6
101.3
80.4
109.9
99.1
73.6
93.5
88.3
100.5
80.3
116.1
99.1
75.4
93.7
88.5
101.6
80.5
116.5
99.2
75.4
94.0
89.0
102.8
81.0
116.1
99.3
73.8
94.1
89.3
103.8
81.2
117.5
99.2
74.2
94.6
90.2
105.1
81.3
119.5
99.4
74.7
94.9
90.2
105.8
82.1
119.5
99.6
75.8
95.0
89.8
107.4
82.3
119.6
99.6
76.7
95.1
89.9
108.3
82.3
120.0
99.6
77.2
95.4
90.0
110.3
82.3
121.1
99.7
77.2
95.4
90.2
111.2
82.1
122.0
99.6
75.7
95.4
90.5
111.3
81.9
121.5
99.5
75.8
95.4
90.7
109.5
82.0
122.1
99.6
76.4
95.3
93.0
103.7
81.4
121.9
99.6
72.8
Hides, skins, leather, and leather products. 100.4
Hides and skins...’. .................................... 58.1
91.5
Leather. __________________________
Footwear. __________ ______________ 122.0
97.3
Other leather products_______________
100.3
57.0
91.8
122.0
97.3
99.9
55.4
91.1
122.0
97.3
99.7
53.3
91.1
121.9
97.6
99.5
51.2
91.0
122.1
97.5
99.6
51.2
90.6
122.2
98.5
99.5 «100.0 «100.1 «100.0 «100.3 «100.6
99.5
58.2
61. 5 62.1
56.8
50.3
53.8
50.5
91.6
91.6
92.2
91.2 «91.2
90.8
90.7
122.1 122.0 «122.0 «121.8 «121.0 «121.0 «121.0
98.4
98.2
98.4
98.5
98.5 «98.4 «98.7
99.4
55.2
90.2
121.1
98.0
99.3
59.2
91.2
119.3
98.6
Fuel, power, and lighting materials______
Coal_______________________________
Coke.. ______________ ____________
Gas fuels8. . _______________________
Electric power 8— ___________________
Petroleum and products______________
111.9
121.1
161.9
98.5
100.1
117.1
110.7
120.3
161.9
97.4
100.1
115.3
110.3
119.7
161.9
98.3
100.0
114.7
111.0
119.8
161.9
98.1
100.0
115.8
112.4
126.2
161.9
101.1
100.1
117.0
113.6
126.2
161.9
101.5
100.1
118.9
116.1
126.1
161.9
100.0
100.0
123.0
116.2
126.3
161.9
116.4
124.0
161.9
117.2
124.4
161.7
111.2
114. 5
149. 7
123.5
123.5
124.6
125.6
125.5
126.4
127.0
118.2
Chemicals and allied products__________
Industrial chemicals_________________
Prepared paint______________________
Paint materials_____________________
Drugs and pharmaceuticals___________
Fats and oils, inedible________________
Mixed fertilizer_____________________
Fertilizer materials__________________
Other chemicals and allied products____
110.4 s 110. 7
123.1 123.5
128.2 128.2
103.4 103.4
94.5 3 94.5
62.5
61.9
111.6 111.4
108.0 110.3
107.0 3 107. 4
110.8
123.9
128.4
103.9
94.3
61.5
111.4
110.3
107.2
111.0
124.3
128.4
104.0
94.1
62.2
111.5
110.3
107.2
110.7
123.7
128.4
104.4
94.0
64.2
111.6
110.3
106.8
110.6
123.6
128.4
104.7
93.6
62.9
111.9
110.4
106.9
110.8
123.9
128.4
104.8
93.6
63.1
112.2
110.7
106.9
110.6
123.9
128.4
101.7
93.5
65.4
112.1
107.8
106.9
110.3
123.6
128.1
101.6
93.4
65.2
112.3
107.7
106.6
110.4
123.6
128.1
102.2
93.4
64.8
112.1
107.6
106.8
110.2
123.5
128.1
101.5
93.5
64.5
112.0
106.4
106.7
109.8
123.6
128.1
100.5
93.4
63.4
110.5
106.5
105.5
109.5
123.5
128.1
99.9
93.4
61.0
108.3
106.3
105.4
109.5
123.5
126.3
100.5
93.3
61.4
110.0
106.8
105.7
107.2
121.4
120.0
99.6
92.1
56.2
108.7
108.4
103.2
Rubber and rubber products____________
Crude rubber_______________________
Tires and tubes....... .............. ...................
Other rubber products...............................
144.7
133.0
152.1
142.7
144.2
129.4
152.1
143.0
143.8
127.7
152.1
143.0
144.5
131.2
152.1
143.0
144.6
131.3
152.1
143.3
144.6
131.2
152.1
143.3
145.1
133.7
152.1
143.3
145.7 144.7
135.7 131.6
153.5 «153.5
142.7 142.3
146.2
138.1
153.5
142.5
146.5
140.3
153.5
142.2
146.9
144.3
153.5
140.8
144.9
145.0
149.0
140.0
145.2
141.3
150.9
140.9
145.8
146.7
152.2
138.0
Lumber and wood products _________ ___ 116.8 3116.4
Lumber __________________________ 116.7 116.8
Millwork________ _________ ______ _ 127.3 127.1
94.9
Plywood___________________________ 98.3
115.9
116.7
127.1
92.2
115.7
115.9
127.6
94.4
115.5
115.9
127.6
92.9
115.8
116.2
127.6
93.6
116.3
116.5
127.7
95.6
116.3
116.4
127.7
95.6
116.9
117.1
128.0
96.4
117.3
117.5
128.3
96.9
117.8
118.3
128.3
94.7
118.6
119.4
128.3
95.2
119.3
120.0
128.3
96.9
119.0
119.7
128.3
96.4
125.4
127.2
129.1
101.7
Cotton products_____________________
Wool products______________________
M a n m a d e fib e r t e x t ile p r o d u c ts
Silk products.. ____________________
Apparel______ ______ ______________
Other textile products________________
(8)
(«)
115.7
125.8
161.9
(»)
( 8)
115.8
125.6
161.9
( 8)
( 8)
116.1
124.8
161.9
( 8)
( 8)
116.3
124.4
161.9
(°)
( 8)
(8)
( 8)
(8)
(8)
( 8)
( 8)
Pulp, paper, and allied products________
Wood pulp _
Wastepaper------------------------------------Paper_____________________________
Paperboard_________________________
Converted paper and paperboard prod-
131.0
121. 2
86.1
141.8
136.0
130. 5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0
130.5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0
130. 5
121.2
75.3
142.9
136.1
130.5
121.2
75.3
143.0
136.2
130.8
121.2
83.6
143.1
136.3
130.8
121.2
83.6
143.2
136.3
131.0
121.2
88.5
143.2
136.6
130.9
121.2
88.5
143.3
136.6
130.9
121.2
88.5
143.2
136.6
130.1
118.0
88.5
143.2
136.2
129.9
118.0
74.7
143.2
136.2
129.5
118.0
68.0
142.8
136.2
129.6
118.8
77.2
141.9
136.3
127.2
117.7
112.3
137.3
134.8
127.9
Building paper and board—_______ ____ 143.8
127.9
144.1
128.0
144.1
127.2
144.1
127.2
142.5
127.2
141.7
127.2
141.7
127.2
141.7
127.0
141.7
127.0
141.7
126.5
141.7
126.5
141.7
126.1
141.7
126.1
141.5
123.1
136.9
Metals and metal products_____________
Iron and steel. _____________________
Nonferrous metals___________________
Metal containers___________________
Hardware____ ____________________
Plumbing equipment...............................
Heating equipment__________________
Fabricated structural metal products . .
Fabricated nonstructural metal products
See footnotes at end of table.
148.8 3148. 8
167.0 166. 7
125. 0 124.8
155. 7 155.7
171.7 171.7
120.9 123.8
121.4 3121.3
133.1 3133. 7
145.0 145.0
148.6
166.2
123.9
155.7
170.7
123.7
121.1
134.1
145.9
148.6
166. 4
124.1
155.7
169.0
123.6
121.1
134.1
145.9
149.8
167.3
127.0
155.7
168.9
124.8
121.0
134.5
146.7
150.1 4150.0 «150.5
167.6 166.6 166.5
127.8 128.7 130.6
152.8 152.8 153.1
168.6 168.4 168.1
125.9 127.3 128.5
121.6 121.8 121.5
134.7 134.6 134.6
146.7 «147.0 «147.7
150.4
166.5
130.8
153.1
167.4
128.5
122.1
134.6
147.0
150.8
167.8
129.9
153.1
167.4
128.5
122.3
134.6
147.1
152.2
170.2
131.7
153.1
167.2
128.9
122.3
134.9
147.1
153.2
171.2
134.6
153.1
165.9
129.0
122.3
135.6
146.6
152.4 151.2 148.4
170.3 166.2 154. 7
134.1 137.4 156.1
152.8 151.2 141.6
164.5 164.9 155.9
129.1 130.2 133.9
122.8 122.1 119.0
134.5 133.8 132.6
145.3 «144.8 1 135.1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1089
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D-8.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities1—Continued
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Commodity group
July* June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
Machinery and motive products......... ........
Agricultural machinery and equipment-.
Construction machinery and equipmentMetalworking machinery and equipmentGeneral purpose machinery and equip-
149.5 149.5
138.4 138.3
165.5 165.5
169.7 3 169.4
149.4
138.4
165.5
169.6
149.4
138.5
165. 4
170.7
149.2
138.3
165.4
170.7
149.3
138.3
165.6
170.7
149.4
138.4
165.6
171.2
149.4
138.3
165.3
171.3
149.2
137.3
165.2
171.3
147.7
136.2
164.9
170.6
146.9
133.4
162.9
168.9
146.2
132.5
161.4
167.0
145.8
132.3
157.9
166.1
146.1
133.6
160.0
167.0
137.8
127.6
148.6
156.4
160.4 160.3
Miscellaneous machinery................ .......... 147.5 3 147.7
Electrical machinery and equipment....... 152. 6 3 152.6
Motor vehicles.................................. .......... 139.0 139.0
159.8
147.6
152.3
139.0
159.6
149.0
151.8
139.0
159.4
148.9
151.3
139.1
159.8
148.8
151.3
139.1
160.8 160.8 160.8 159.5
148.8 4148. 4 4148.1 4147. 5
151.2 151.1 151.2 151.0
139.1 139.1 138.7 135.5
158.5
147.3
151.1
134.8
158.0
146.3
149.6
134.7
157.4
144.5
149.5
134.7
157.6
145.2
149.0
135.4
147.5
137.0
138.4
129.8
Furniture and other household durables—
Household furniture...................................
Commercial furniture.................... ............
Floor covering................ ............................
Household appliances................................
Television, radio receivers, and phono
graphs___________________ ________
Other household durable goods.................
123.2 3 123.0
122.6 122.5
154.2 154.2
127.3 3 128.3
104.8 104.9
123.2
122.8
154.2
128.9
104.9
123.4
122.8
154. 2
128.9
105.3
123.5
122.8
154.2
129.8
105.3
123.6
123.3
154.2
130.1
105.3
123.8
123.1
154.1
131.9
105.4
123.5
122.8
154. 1
132.6
105.4
122.7
122.8
153.8
132.5
105.1
122.6
122.6
153.6
132. 5
105.4
122.3
122.5
153.6
132.5
104.6
122.4
122.9
153.6
132.5
104.7
122.2
122.8
153.6
132.5
104.9
122.2
122.5
150.4
133.4
105.5
119.1
119.0
141.8
131.1
105.5
95.0 3 93. 7
155.3 3 155.2
94.3
155.1
94.7
155.1
94.7
165.0
94.7
155.0
95.4
155.0
95.8
153.1
95.6
149.5
95.6
148.8
95.6
148.3
95.6
148.2
94.8
147.9
94.4
148.3
93.1
140.9
Nonmetallic minerals—structural________
Flat glass................ .......................- ..........
Concrete ingredients................ - ........... .
Concrete products------ ----------------------Structural clay products............................
Gypsum products........ ..............................
Prepared asphalt roofing..-----------------Other nonmetallic minerals..................—
135.6
135.7
139.0
128.5
155.6
133.1
105. 8
131.2
135.5
135.7
138.9
128.5
155.6
133.1
105.8
131.2
135.7
135.7
139.0
128.4
155.6
133.1
10S.6
131.2
135.4
135.7
138.9
128.0
155.5
133.1
105.6
131.2
135.3
135.7
138.7
128.0
155.5
133.1
105.6
131.1
136.5 136.4 135.7
135.7 135.7 135.7
139.0 138.9 136.9
127.9 127.8 127.2
155. 5 4155. 5 4155.3
127.1 127.1 127.1
124.6 124.6 124.6
131.1 131.1 131.1
135.4
135.7
136.9
126.7
155.1
127.1
124.6
128.5
135.3
135.7
136. 9
126.5
155.1
127.1
124.6
128.5
135.2
135. 7
136.7
126.3
155.0
127.1
124.6
128.6
135.3
135.7
136.5
126.4
155.0
127.1
125.8
128.4
135.2
135.7
136.4
126.4
155.1
127.1
125.8
128.3
134.6
135.7
136.0
126.4
154.0
127.1
122.3
128.0
129.6
133.4
130.6
123.0
148.0
127.1
111.7
123.4
Tobacco manufactures and bottled bev
erages...................... .................................
Cigarettes.—_____ __________________
Cigars ____________________________
Other tobacco manufactures.....................
Alcoholic beverages............................... —
Nonalcoholic beverages........... - ................
128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3
128.0
134. 8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3
128.1
134.8
106.0
144.3
120.3
149.3
128.1
134.8
106. 0
144.3
120.3
149.3
127.8
134.8
105.1
144.3
119.8
149.3
127.7
134.8
105.1
144.3
119.6
149.3
127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3
127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3
127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3
126.1
129.4
105.0
136.0
119.5
149.2
122.3
124.0
104.2
122.8
115.8
148.3
93.7
Miscellaneous products................................. 97.2
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, and
ammunition____________ _____ ____ 119.1 119.1
73.3
Manufactured animal feeds...... ................ 79.7
97.5
Notions and accessories.............................. 97.5
Jewelry, watches, and photographic
equipment....... ........................ ............... 107.8 107.8
Other miscellaneous products.................. 132.3 3132.6
96.2
97.8
94.3
89.3
88.3
87.2
86.8
87.7
89.4
90.1
88.8
89.6
91.0
119.1
78.0
97.5
119.1
80.9
97.5
119.1
74.6
97.5
119. 5
65. 7
97.5
119.4
64.0
97.4
118.0
62.1
98.5
117.9
61.4
97.8
117.9
63.2
97.4
118.2
66.4
97.4
117.8
68.2
97.4
117.5
66.0
97.4
117.7
67.3
97.3
116.1
72.0
95.3
107.3
132.4
107.3
132.4
107.4
131.9
107.3
131.7
107.1
131.5
107.7
130.9
107.7
130.9
107.6
130.7
107.6
130.1
107.2
129.4
106.8
128.8
107.5
128.4
104.9
124.1
1 See Note and footnote 1, table D-7.
8Preliminary.
sJanuary 1958=100.
*Not available.
S O U R C E : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
' P e r fe c te d
T able D-9.
128.0
134.8
105.1
144.3
120.3
149.3
Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[1947-49= 100]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Commodity group
July * June May Apr. Mar. Feb.
All foods___ __________________ __________ -................
All fish........................................... ..........................................
Special metals and metal products____________________
Metalworking m achinery.._____ ___________ ________
Machinery and equipment.................... .................. ...........
Agricultural machinery (including tractors)........................
Total tractors....... .................. ........... ...................................
Steel-mill products------------------- -------------------- ---------Construction materials 1___________________ _______ —
Soaps ___________________________________________
Synthetic detergents----------------------- -----------------------Refined petroleum products......................... ....................... .
East Coast petroleum__________________ ________
Mid-continent petroleum___________ . . . ...............
Gulf Coast petroleum___________________________
Pacific Coast petroleum_____ ____ ________________
Pulp, paper and products, excl. bldg, paper..................... —
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes............................................
Lumber and wood products, excl. millwork........................
i See Note and footnote l, table D-7.
* Preliminary.
3 Revised.
4 Corrected.
*This index was formerly Building materials.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
110.1 3 110.6
131.2 131.5
146.2 146.3
178.1 178.0
155. 2 155. 2
138.9 138.7
147.0 146.8
183.0 183.0
129.7 129.5
107.7 3 107.7
101.3 3 101.3
114.1 111.9
107.7 108.6
112.0 112.0
119.7 114.3
118.3 112.2
130.6 130.1
120.8 118.8
115.4 3 114.9
111.7
128.6
146.1
178.0
155.0
138.7
146.8
183.1
129.2
109.0
101.0
111. 1
108.0
108.7
114.3
116.4
130.2
117.2
114.3
111.2
122.9
146.1
178.0
155.0
138.8
147.0
183.1
129.0
109.0
101.0
112.5
111.0
110.8
114.3
117.7
130. 2
117.4
114.0
So
Jan.
112.4 109.5 108.6
124.8 126.9 123.7
146.9 147.1 147.0
178.0 4178.0 4178. 6
154.8 154.9 155.0
138.7 138.7 138.7
147.3 147.5 147.5
183. 1 183.2 183.2
129.4 130.1 130.3
107. 1 107.1 107.1
101.0 101.0 101.0
113.9 116.1 121.0
112.3 114.1 116.7
110.7 114.3 120.7
117.2 117.4 123.5
120.4 124.1 127.7
130.2 130.6 130.6
125.5 125.5 125.5
113.7 114.1 114.7
urce
:
Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July
106.7
126.6
147.4
17S. 7
154.9
138.7
147.4
183.2
130.1
107.2
101.0
121. 5
116. 7
120.7
123.0
130.5
130.8
125.6
114.7
106.1
121.2
147.3
178.7
154.9
137.8
146.4
183.2
130.1
107.2
101.0
121.6
117.2
120.7
123.0
130.5
130.7
125.0
115.4
105.4
119.3
146.7
178.3
154.3
136.5
145.1
183.2
130.2
107.2
101.0
123.0
117.2
120.7
126.7
130. 5
130.6
124.0
115.7
105.2
120.0
147.4
177.9
153.5
133.4
142.7
183.0
130.9
107.0
101.0
124.1
117.2
121.8
126. 7
135.9
129.9
123.2
116.3
105.4
116.0
148.1
177.8
152.4
132.6
141. 5
183.0
131.2
103.8
98.2
124.0
118.6
121.2
126.7
135.9
129.6
121.2
117.2
105.7
119.9
147.5
176.0
151.7
132.4
139.3
182.9
131.4
103.8
98.2
125.0
121.2
121.7
127.9
135.9
129.2
119.1
118.0
1957
1956
104.0
119.4
146.9
176.1
151.9
133.7
141.3
178.9
130.6
104.5
99.0
125.8
122.0
124.3
128.8
132.3
129.3
121. 5
117.7
100.8
114.1
143.3
165.0
142.1
127.4
132.5
163.2
130.6
99.7
95.1
117.5
114. 6
118.3
118.8
117.4
127.0
115. 4
124.9
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1090
T able
D-10.
Indexes of wholesale prices, b y stage of processing 1
[1947-49=100]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Commodity group
July 2 June May Apr. Mar. Feb
Jan.
Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July
1957
1956
All commodities....................................................................... 119.2 3119.2 119.5 119.3 119.7 119.0 118.9 118.5 118.1 117.8 118.0 118.4 118.2 117.6 114.3
Crude materials for further processing-.............................
Crude foodstuffs and feedstufls__________ ________
Crude nonfood materials except fuel_________ _____
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for manufactoring________ _______________________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for construction_________________________________
Crude fuel____ _____________ __________________
Crude fuel for manufacturing............. ............ ........
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing industry______
100.2 100.7 101.7 100.3 101.5 99.5 97.5 96.4 95.3 95.3 97.0 99.6 99.7 97.2 95.0
94.5 95.7 97.7 95.4 96.7 93.2 90.3 88.5 86.8 86.1 87.3 90.3 90.4 87.7 84.0
107.7 107.0 106.0 106.3 107.1 107.9 107.6 107.7 108.1 109.9 112.6 115.0 115.2 112.5 114.2
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components______
Intermediate materials and components for manufactoring........................................................ ...............
Intermediate materials for food manufacturing___
Intermediate materials for nondurable manufactoring_________________________________
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing.
Components for manufacturing________________
Materials and components for construction_________
Processed fuels and lubricants___________________
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing..
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufacturing industry______________________________
Containers, nonreturnable.............................................
Supplies________________________ ________ ______
Supplies for manufacturing___________________
Supplies for nonmanufacturing industry________
Manufactured animal feeds_______________
Other supplies__________________________
Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods and
fuels)____________________________ _____________ _
Consumer finished goods________________________
Consumer foods.____________________________
Consumer crude foods____________________
Consumer processed foods___ _____________
Consumer other nondurable goods_____________
Consumer durable goods____ ________________
Producer finished goods________________________
Producer goods for manufacturing industries____
Producer goods for nonmanufacturing industries..
125.0 124.7 124.9 125.1 125.0 125.0 125.4 125.4 125.3 125.2 125.4 125.5 125.2 125.1 122.1
106.0 105.2 104.1 104.4 105.3 106.3 105.9 106.2 106.6 108.6 111.5 114.1 114.3 111.5 113.6
139.0
119.0
118.7
119.4
138.9
118.2
117.9
118.5
139.0
117.9
117.6
118.3
138.9
117.9
117.7
118.3
138.7
123.4
123.0
124.1
139.0
123.5
123.1
124.2
138.9
123.0
122.6
123.6
136.9
122.4
122.1
123.0
136.9
120 5
120.2
121.0
136.9
119.0
118 7
119.4
136.7
118.6
118.4
118.9
136. 5
118.0
117.8
118.2
136. 4
118.0
117.9
118.3
136.0
119.7
119.4
120.1
130.6
113.3
113.0
113.7
126.7 2126.9 126.8 126.9 127.1 127.3 127.5 127.6 127.5 127.3 127.4 127.4 127.1 126.9 123.7
102.6 103.4 103.5 103.2 102.4 102.5 102 4 101.6 100.8 99.6 99.6 99.5 100.1 99.9 98.0
104.5
152. 9
3149. 4
132.1
105.0
104.5
104.6
152.9
149.0
132.0
104.6
104.2
105.0
152.9
148.5
131.8
105.4
105.0
105.2
153.5
148.8
131.9
106.1
105.7
105.4
153.6
149.1
132.6
107. 7
107.2
105.7
153.8
149.3
133. C
111.1
109.9
105.8
154.2
149.3
132.9
111.4
110.2
105.8
154.2
149.2
133.0
111. 1
109.9
106.0
154. 2
148.9
133.0
111.5
110.0
106.0
154.3
149.4
133.1
112.0
110.3
105.9
154.7
148.8
133.4
112.6
111.0
105.8
153. 8
148.3
133.3
112.7
110.9
105.7
153.2
148.3
132. 9
113.0
111.2
104.3
148.5
142.9
132.0
106.7
105.3
107.6 106.0
137.5 137.4
116.1 114.6
139.2 3139. 4
105.0 102.9
77.7 71.7
121.1 121.2
105.4
137.5
116.3
139.6
105.1
76.9
121.6
106.2
137.1
117.3
140 6
106.1
79.8
121.6
107.0
137.0
115.5
140.4
103.7
73.4
121.5
108.7
136.3
113 2
140.7
100.5
65.1
121.3
113.1
136.4
112.7
140.6
99.9
63. 5
121.3
113.5
136.6
112.4
140.6
99.5
62.0
121.6
113.3
135.5
112.1
140. 6
99.2
61.2
121.5
114.1
135.3
112.3
140.2
99.7
62.6
121.4
114.9
134.9
112.6
138.5
100.9
66 0
121.3
115 4
134.8
112.5
136 9
101.5
67.9
121.1
115.7
134.5
111.7
137.0
100.2
65.6
120.4
116.0
134.3
112.5
137.6
101.1
67.6
120.7
109.1
128.5
111.3
132.9
101.6
72.9
118. 2
120.8 120.7
113.7 *113.6
111.4 3111.6
95.5 *93.2
114.8 3115.5
111.4 111.0
124.7 124.7
149.9 150.0
154.6 154.7
146.0 146.0
121.0
113.9
112.5
102.4
114.7
110.9
124.7
150.0
154.7
146.0
120.9
113.7
111.9
105.9
113.3
111. 1
124.8
150.1
154.7
146.3
121.4
114.4
113.1
117.3
112.4
111.5
124.9
150.0
154. 5
146.3
120.6
113.3
110. 1
105.8
111. 1
111.8
124.9
150.1
154.6
146.3
120.6
113.3
109.2
102.8
110.6
112.5
125.1
150.1
154.6
146.3
119.9
112.5
107.2
104 0
108.0
112.6
124.9
150.1
154.5
146.3
119.6
112.2
106.8
105.4
107.3
112.3
124.7
149.8
154.1
146.1
119.0
111.8
106.2
106.9
106 3
112.4
123.5
148.4
152.7
144.9
118 8
111.6
106.0
98.6
107.6
112.4
123.0
147.8
152.3
144.1
118.6
111.6
106.2
96.1
108.2
112.2
123.1
147. 2
151.9
143.2
118.5
111.6
106.2
94.9
108.4
112.2
122.9
146.4
151.1
142.6
118.1
111. 1
104.5
95.0
106.4
112.4
123.3
146.7
151.2
142.9
114.0
108.0
101.0
96.2
102.1
109.9
119.7
138.1
142.2
134.9
104.3
152.9
149.5
132.1
106.0
105.1
1 See footnote 1, table D -7 .
2 Preliminary.
* Revised.
N o t e : For a description of these series, see New BLS Economic Sector
Indexes of Wholesale Prices, Monthly Labor Review, December 1955 (p.
1448).
S o u r c e : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T able
D - ll.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product
[1947-49=100]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Commodity group
All commodities_____________________
Total durahle goods.......... .....................
Total nondurable goods__________
Total manufactures____ ____ _________
Durable manufactures______________
Nondurable manufactures _________
Total raw or slightly processed goods___
Durable raw or slightly processed goods
Nondurable raw or slightly processed
goods_____ _____________________
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
1957
1956
119.2
142.1
106.8
124.5
143.3
109.7
101.4
106.1
119.5
141.9
107.3
124.5
143.2
109.7
103.1
102.9
119.3
141.9
107.1
124.5
143.3
109.6
102.6
103.1
119.7
142.2
107.5
124.3
143.4
109.2
104.9
105.9
119.0
142.4
106.4
124.1
143.6
108.8
102.3
107.1
118.9
142.5
106.1
124.4
143.7
109.2
100. 5
104.7
118.5
142.5
105.4
124.1
143.8
108. 5
99.8
104.8
118.1
142.4
105.0
123.8
143.6
108.2
99.1
105.4
117.8
141.9
104.8
123. 5
142.9
108.1
98.9
111.2
118.0
142.0
105.0
123.7
142.7
108.7
98.9
121.8
118.4
142.1
105.5
123.8
142.6
109.0
100.3
129.8
118.2
141.7
105.4
123.6
142. 1
109.0
100.0
130.0
117.4
140.8
104.7
123.0
141.2
108.6
98.6
130.4
117.6
141.4
104.7
123.2
142.0
108.4
98.9
122.3
114.3
136.7
102.1
119.5
136.8
105.8
97.0
136.3
101.2
103.2
102.6
104.8
102.0
100.2
99.5
98.7
98.3
97.7
98.7
98.4
96.9
97.7
94.9
N o t e : For a description of these series and data beginning with 1947, see
Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, 1957, BLS Bull. 1235 (1958).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S oxjbce : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1091
E.—WORK STOPPAGES
E.—Work Stoppages
T able E - l.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Workers involved in stoppages
Number of stoppages
Month and year
1935-39 (average)
1947-49 (average).
1945
........
1946
........
1947
........
1948
........
1949
........
1950
........
1951
........
1952
........
1953
....... .
1954....................
1955
........
1956
.................... ....................
1957
....... .
Beginning in
month or year
415
370
335
293
184
108
1958: January
February ».
March *__
April1___
May >____
June *____
July1____
200
150
200
275
350
350
350
« The data include all known work stoppages involving six or more workers
and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers involved and
man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift in establish
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or
secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose employees are
made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
Beginning in
month or year
In effect dur
ing month
1,130, 000
2,380, 000
3, 470,000
4, 600, 000
2,170, 000
1.960.000
3.030.000
2, 410,000
2,862
3, 573
4, 750
4,985
3,693
3,419
3, 606
4, 843
4,737
5,117
5,091
3,468
4,320
3,825
3,673
1957: July...........
August___
September.
October__
November.
December-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In effect during month
2 . 220.000
3, 540,000
2,400, 000
1, 530,000
2.650.000
1.900.000
1.390.000
603
601
518
471
340
220
300
275
300
375
475
500
525
129.000
136.000
243, 000
95, 000
63.000
31.000
228,000
226,000
279.000
159.000
109.000
54,000
90, 000
45,000
165.000
200.000
110,000
70, 000
110.000
160, 000
150.000
160.000
160,000
200 , 000
250, 000
240,000
Man-days idle during month
or year
Number
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
16.900.000
39, 700,000
38,000,000
116,000, 000
34.600.000
34.100.000
50, 500, 000
38,800, 000
22.900.000
59,100, 000
28.300.000
22, 600,000
28,200, 000
33.100.000
16, 500,000
0.27
.46
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.59
.44
.23
.57
.26
2.480.000
1, 690, 000
1, 730,000
1.410.000
765.000
404.000
.25
.17
.19
.13
.08
.04
750, 000
500,000
1, 250, 000
.07
.06
.13
.13
1, 650, 000
1,700,000
.18
.18
1, 200,000
2,000, 000
.21
.26
.29
.14
.21
> Preliminary.
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1092
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
F.—Building and Construction
T able
F -l.
Expenditures for new construction 1
[Value of work put in place]
Expenditures (in millions of dollars)
Type of construction
1958
Aug.* July*
1957
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
1957
1956
Total
Total
Total new construction..... .......................... 4,803
4,642
4,397
4,054
3,703
3,400
3,153
3,380
3,791
4,208
4,609
4,682
4,667 48,492
46, 292
Private construction....................................
Residential buildings (nonfarm)_____
New dwelling units........................
Additions and alterations ______
Nonhousekeeping......................... .
Nonresidential buildings 1____ _____
Industrial.......................................
Commercial, ......... ......................
Office buildings and warehouses......... ........................
S tores, r e s ta u r a n ts , and
garages..................................
Other nonresidential buildings___
Religious_________________
Educational_______________
Hospital and institutional «...
Social and recreational...........
Miscellaneous..........................
Farm construction.............................
Public utilities...................................
Railroad.......................................
Telephone and telegraph_______
Other public u tilities....................
All other private............................
Public construction....... .............................
Residential buildings8_____________
Nonresidential buildings (other than
military facilities)...................... ......
Industrial________ ________
Educational.. ................... ............
Hospital and Institutional ...........
Administrative and service. ___
Other nonresidential buildings__
Military facilities i....... ........... .
Highways. ....................................
Sewer and water system s.. ______
Sewer___________ _____
W a te r ..............................
Public service enterprises___
Conservation and development.........
All other public_____________
3,215
1,718
1,280
387
51
743
179
316
3,128
1,641
1,200
389
52
754
185
326
2,979
1, 539
1,110
377
52
735
193
315
2,773
1,407
1,000
356
51
698
204
285
2,583
1,288
945
295
48
677
218
263
2,442
1,177
890
239
48
689
235
262
2,301
1,083
815
219
49
705
252
258
2,435
1,165
895
220
50
746
274
270
2,750
1,365
1,050
265
50
799
277
306
3,020
1,524
1,140
333
51
842
287
332
3,143
1,586
1,180
357
49
844
289
330
3,185
1,611
1,190
374
47
840
293
322
3,196 34, 138
1,611 17,019
1,180 12,615
387 3,903
44
501
842 9,556
301 3, 557
319 3,564
33.287
17,677
13’, 535
3,695
447
8,817
3,084
3,631
169
169
169
165
163
161
161
167
178
183
179
173
147
248
79
52
53
42
22
175
562
34
77
451
17
1,588
71
157
243
75
50
52
41
25
171
542
33
77
432
20
1,514
69
146
227
70
46
51
37
23
162
524
30
77
417
19
1,418
65
120
209
65
43
51
32
18
147
504
29
81
394
17
1,281
63
100
196
61
42
50
28
15
127
478
27
82
369
13
1,120
62
101
192
61
41
50
26
14
114
450
27
80
343
12
958
60
97
195
64
42
50
25
14
105
397
21
71
305
11
852
66
103
202
68
43
51
25
15
101
411
26
74
311
12
945
59
128
216
74
46
51
27
18
100
472
32
78
362
14
1,041
54
149
223
78
47
52
28
18
114
525
36
84
405
15
1,188
56
151
225
80
48
52
28
17
133
564
37
96
431
16
1,466
54
149
225
81
48
51
29
16
159
556
37
87
432
19
1,497
52
422
34
257
34
54
43
120
675
131
79
52
51
103
15
417
34
263
31
48
41
105
635
128
77
51
46
101
13
406
34
257
30
45
40
95
580
123
73
50
41
96
12
381
33
239
29
42
38
88
500
118
69
49
37
82
12
370
31
237
28
39
35
80
375
111
65
46
33
78
11
347
29
222
26
36
34
77
265
105
62
43
28
67
9
308
28
201
21
29
29
73
240
91
54
37
21
56
7
340
29
226
22
30
33
87
260
99
59
40
27
65
8
342
31
226
24
31
30
97
350
99
62
37
25
67
7
367
36
235
25
34
37
108
425
107
67
40
31
86
8
409
38
262
27
41
41
132
604
117
72
45
38
101
11
416
36
261
30
46
43
138
607
126
76
50
44
103
11
1 Estimated monetary value of new construction put in place during the
periods shown, including major additions and alterations but excluding
maintenance and repair. These figures differ from permit-valuation data
reported in the tabulations for building-permit activity (tables F-3, F-4,
and F-51 and the data on value of contract awards (table F-2).
1 Preliminary.
* Revised.
* Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential build
ing are included under “ Public utilities.”
' Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
* Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as house
keeping units.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
172
1,893
1,684
147 1,671
222 2 ,435
80
868
47
525
49
525
29
311
17
206
173 1,590
549 5, 774
34
406
89 1,068
426 4,300
21
199
1,471 14,354
49
506
1,947
2 ,102
768
536
328
275
195
1,560
5; 113
427
1,066
3,620
120
13,005
292
416
41
258
30
44
43
142
577
128
76
52
43
104
12
4,486
473
2,825
333
439
416
1,322
5,215
1,344
781
563
393
971
117
4,074
453
2,556
298
362
405
1,395
4,655
1,275
701
574
384
826
104
7 Covers all building and nonbuilding construction, except production
facilities (which are included in public industrial building), and Armed
Forces housing under the Capehart program (which is included in public
residential building).
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954). See also Technical
Note on Revised Estimates of Residential Additions and Alterations, 1945-56
(in Monthly Labor Review, August 1957, p. 973).
Soxtkce: Joint estimates of the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics and U. S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense
Services Administration.
F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-2.
1093
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of construction 1
Value (In millions of dollars)
Ownership and type of construction
1958
June
M ay2 Apr.2 Mar.
1957
1957
1956
Total
Total
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Total public construction........... ........... 1,812.8 1,608.0 1,165. 5 941.5
822.6
696.5
718.9
871.1
891.5
745.7
869.6 1,134.4 1,324.3 11,473.8 10,423.1
Federally owned 3______ ___________ 695.2 474.2
Residential buildings............. ........ 101.3
52.4
Nonresidential buildings....... .......... 239.8 184.9
E ducational..............................
13.8
5.0
Hospital and institutional____
11.2
27.0
Administrative and service___
37.8
29.1
Other nonresidential buildings. 177.0 123.8
Airfield buildings________
63.6
37.7
Troop housing__________
36.2
22.5
Warehouses_____________
9.2
10.2
All other.......... ...................
54.4
67.0
Airfields 3_____ _______________
150.3 120.3
Conservation and development___ 133.1
73.9
Highways.........................................
25.4
11.8
Electric power___ ______ _____
13.9
13.1
All other federally owned________
31.4
17.8
State and locally owned......................... 1,117.6 1,133. 8
Residential buildings___________
70.3
67.6
Nonresidential buildings________
335. 6 355.9
Educational................ ............... 212.3 229 2
H spital and institutional.......
36.4
55.8
Administrative and service___
40.6
53.4
Other nonresidential buildings.
26.9
36.9
Highways......................................... 461.0 418.8
Sewer and water systems........ ........ 104.7 129.2
Sower...................... ....................
74.5
73.1
l \ a t e r . . ___________________
56.1
30.2
Public service enterprises________ 114.0 137.4
Electric power............................
84.2 107.3
Other_____ _______ ________
29.8
30. 1
Conservation and development___
6.4
17.1
All other State and locally owned.„
17.6
15.8
121.9
52.0
22.2
3.2
.3
6.4
12.3
1.9
.5
1.0
8.9
17.5
12.7
5.4
4.0
8.1
700.7
30.7
279.2
188.3
17.9
48.4
24.6
213.2
56.9
37.9
19.0
108.2
102.9
5.3
7.5
5.0
120.2
47.5
42.8
.8
.8
10.5
30.7
1.8
(4)
.8
28.1
8.3
8.0
4.8
1.5
7.3
576.3
21.8
239.5
169.5
15.0
30.7
24.3
207.2
75.2
55.8
19.4
16.0
7.0
9.0
10.8
5.8
58.4
3.2
28.7
.4
.2
9.9
18.2
1.2
.4
125.9
.2
41.2
2.0
20.0
2.9
16.3
.6
1.0
(<)
14.7
.3
21.2
2.2
59.7
1.1
745.2
23.3
267.7
207.4
15.8
24.6
19.9
334.6
93.4
141.3
56.5
46.8
.3
3.7
23.7
19.1
3.9
M
«
15.2
3.5
22.7
7.6
.8
3.4
750.2
55.2
303.5
215.4
41.6
19.7
26.8
248.0
77.0
42.7
34.3
48.2
24.3
23.9
8.4
9.9
63.4
3.5
22.1
.2
.7
1.7
19.5
2.3
1.1
.3
15.8
3.7
14.8
9.2
1.0
9.1
682.3
20.4
278.1
201.0
15.5
31.7
29.9
272.3
69.8
47.8
22.0
26.6
10.1
16.5
7.8
57.6
1.4
17.1
«
.1
4.8
12.2
.8
(<)
.4
11.0
1.8
14.4
7.5
2.4
13.0
812.0
44.3
305.5
223.2
19.6
36.8
25.9
293.5
75.1
53.5
21.6
74.7
61.6
13.1
10.8
8.1
273.9
29.2
122.8
6.3
12.9
24.7
78.9
38.1
8.0
3.5
29.3
29.7
68.5
9.9
3.4
10.4
891.6
47.2
326.5
208.8
32.5
40.5
44.7
365. 5
95.9
66.0
29.9
24.5
12.1
12.4
15.7
16.3
189.7
33.0
79.0
5.8
14.7
16.2
42.3
13.9
4.0
4.4
20.0
18.0
28.5
3.6
16.6
11.0
751.8
30.9
311.0
213.2
37.3
31.6
28.9
291.4
80.4
48.9
31.5
24.4
6.1
18.3
3.4
10.3
1 Includes major force account projects started (construction done directly
by a government agency using a separate work force to perform nonmainte
nance construction on the agency’s own property).
2 Revised.
* Includes construction contracts awarded under Lease-Purchase pro
grams.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
16.6
1.4
14.3
3.7
3.7
3.4
660.5
20.2
238.7
163. 7
19.8
18.8
36.4
272.1
94.5
65.1
29.4
19.4
9.4
10.0
11.2
4.4
Nov.
44.4
49.0
15.0
5.3
9.7
6.9
4.3
Oct.
Sept.
7 .3
Aug.
July
146.7
59.8
32.2
2.1
.3
10.2
19.6
14.0
.2
1.0
4.4
.3
42.1
9.1
1.1
2.1
987.7
38.8
267.0
183.0
22.2
28.7
33.1
540.8
80.7
55.5
25.2
38.7
14.7
24.0
12.3
9.4
June
394.3
30.6
211.5
7.7
29.1
65.2
109.5
23.6
10.7
11.4
63.8
26.9
73.6
12.6
6.0
33.1
930.0
27.5
337.8
231.9
35.8
34.2
35.9
414.7
103.7
74.4
29.3
3 3 .3
23.7
9.6
4.8
8.2
2,317.3
406.2
776.5
48.4
78.9
148.3
500.9
98.9
60.9
35.0
306.1
182.2
563.8
91.5
140.3
156.8
9,156. 5
326.7
3,409.4
2,450. 5
287.1
315.4
356.4
3,825.1
1,034.2
619.4
414.8
364.2
200.1
164.1
112.7
84.2
2,088.3
136.0
924.3
27.1
43.9
87.3
766.0
76.2
123.2
63.3
503.3
155.9
539.0
91.8
177.4
63.9
8,334.8
253.2
3, 202. 8
2, 289.0
278.9
320.8
314.1
3, 211.6
1,100.0
658.9
441. 1
336.5
227.2
109.3
139.3
91.4
4 Less than $50,000.
5 Beginning with January 1953, includes missile launching facilities which
were previously included under All other federally owned.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics and U. S.
Department of Commerce-, Business and Defense Services Administration.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1094
T a b l e F -3.
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership, class of construction,
and type of building 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction, ownership, and
type of building
1957
1958
June
May
Apr.3 Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1957
1956
June 3 Total
Total
All building construction. ................... 2, 027.4 1, 842.4 1,797.1 1, 516. 8 1,110.1 1,153. 0 1,097.2 1,230. 6 1, 642. 7 1, 551. 7 1, 626.1 1, 693.4 1,795.8 18,142.3 18,787.8
Private_______________________ 1, 701.7 1, 554.4 1, 568.3 1,324. 5 938.4 995.1 958.2 1,061. 9 1, 453. 5 1,417.3 1,462. 7 1, 518. 9 1, 487. 2 15,997.0 16,903.4
Public...................................- ........... 325.7 288.0 228.8 192.3 171.7 157.9 139.0 168.7 189.2 134.4 163.4 174.5 308.6 2,145.3 1, 884.4
New residential building______ _____ 1,052.1 1, 019.2
Dwelling units (h o u s e k e e p in g
only)...... ........ ............................... 1,033. 4 996.7
Privately owned____________ 952.4 933.7
1-family_______ _______ 837.2 812.8
25.6
2-family........................... ....
22.2
3- and 4-family__________
11.6
10.3
83.7
5-or-more family_________
82.7
63.0
81.0
Publiclv owned_____________
22.4
Nonhousekeeping buildings______
18.7
New nonresidential buildings________ 784.4 655.6
Commercial buildings _________ 199.9 200.0
17.6
21.9
Amusement buildings_______
4.1
Commercial garages_________
6.8
11.2
Gasoline and service stations..
11.0
77.0
Office buildings_____________
62.6
Stores and other mercantile
90.2
buildings . _____________
97.5
235.0 274.0
Community buildings__________
Educational buildings ______
144.0 148.1
Institutional buildings_______
80.3
47.5
45.6
43.5
Religious buildings...... .............
19.1
19.2
Garages, private residential______
50.9
Industrial buildings..... ............. ...... 3 204.1
30.4
55.5
Public utilities buildings___ ____ _
95.9
56.0
All other nonresidential buildings..
190.9 167.6
Additions and alterations___________
779.1
959.1
536.9
556.9
649.0
895.7
813.2
885.9
847.6
898.4
9,404.2 10,291.9
796.9
784.8
696.7
20.1
9.2
58.8
12.2
16.3
569.2
203.4
10.5
4.9
14.2
102.1
871.8
852.0
748.8
18.8
8.7
75.6
19.8
14.1
557.2
167.3
8.8
4.0
13.9
69.1
832.4
807.6
724.6
19.6
9.3
64.1
24.8
15.1
656.5
203.3
11.9
5.3
14.8
76.2
886. 6
826.3
735.3
20.4
10.0
60.6
60.3
11.8
705.5
221.5
14.1
6.9
13.8
104.5
9, 220.0 10,149. 6
8,937.6 9,971.9
7,922.0 9,221. 8
228.7
215.0
111.6
87.9
675.3
447.2
282.4
177.7
184.2
142.3
6,834.1 6, 664. 5
2,224.0 2,184. 7
116.1
139.8
57.5
60.6
159.1
165.5
975.7
828.3
71.7
204.2
134.3
32.0
37.9
24.2
81.7
34.2
21.5
169.2
71.4
213.1
119.7
50.9
42.6
23.3
87.2
37.0
29.4
183.0
95.1
224.4
123.5
60.4
40.5
21.6
124.9
49.5
32.7
189.3
82.2
254.4
124.1
83.2
47.2
21.0
102.8
38.1
67.6
192.0
891.8
2, 478. 6
1, 491. 8
522.6
464.2
200.4
1,085.9
423.5
421.7
1,904.0
942.8
916.9
793.2
27.5
10.8
85.4
25.8
16.3
656.9
269.9
17.8
6.6
11.6
116.7
760.0
729.5
622.8
21.3
11.0
74.4
30.5
19.1
586.2
228.6
13.3
5.0
11.3
119.9
525.0
491.4
419.0
15.7
8.4
48.3
33.6
11.9
452.3
149.8
14.7
3.4
8.8
64.8
563.1
548.2
464.4
16.9
8.9
58.0
14.9
15.2
435.6
140.6
10.2
4.2
10.2
56.0
535.4
525.2
451.6
17.1
6.5
50.0
10.2
21.5
433.9
151.4
11.6
2.1
9.9
67.4
635.8
604.5
536. 4
17.8
8.7
41.6
31.3
13.2
459.1
147.4
18.2
2.9
10.3
60.3
870.3
825.6
730.8
22.2
9.9
62.8
44.7
25.4
592.1
203.9
11.6
5.1
13.0
92.2
117.2
219.5
119.2
51.0
49.2
18.2
61.9
36.9
50.6
181.1
79.0
236.6
159.6
40.8
36.2
10.3
57.5
21.2
32.0
151.5
58.1
171.9
118.4
26.2
27.4
4.8
44.9
47.4
33.5
120.8
60.0
168.7
108.9
33.7
26.1
5.9
62.8
28.4
29.2
139.0
60.3
163.3
108.6
27.3
27.3
6.3
63.8
22.1
26.9
106.4
55.7
194.2
98.8
61.0
34.4
12.2
59.8
24.7
20.8
122.5
82.1
219.5
132.0
46.9
40.6
21.9
92.0
25.3
29.7
154.8
• Data relate to building construction authorized by local building permits
in all localities (over 7,000) having building-permit systems—rural nonfarm
as well as urban. Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded
for Federal projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) in
ermit-issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered
y builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects;
construction undertaken by State and local governments is reported by local
officials. Because permit valuations generally understate the actual cost of
construction and because of lapsed permits and the lag between permit
T a b l e F-4.
578.4
1,014.3
2,263.1
1,431.4
380.3
451.4
201.9
1,273.3
328.4
413.0
1,831.4
issuance or contract-awarded dates and start of construction, these data do
not represent the volume of building construction started.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
2 Revised.
3 Includes a retroactive building permit issued during the month for a steel
plant, valued at $120 million, which was actually begun early in 1957.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and geographic region 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction and
geographic region
1957
1958
June
May
Apr.3 Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June 2
1957
1956
Total
Total
All building construction 3......... ........... 2, 027.4 1,842. 4 1,797.1 1,516.8 1,110.1 1,153.0 1,097.2 1,230. 6 1, 642. 7 1, 551. 7 1, 626.1 1, 693. 4 1,795. 8 18,142.3 18, 787.8
Northeast_____ ____ ___________
385.0 377.1 360.4 270.5 189.4 215.7 219.4 272.9 352.8 350.8 371.8 344.1 341.0 3, 878. 8 4, 056.2
North Central________ _________ 636.1 527.7 539.0 395.4 224.2 231.2 319.0 324.9 489.3 480.0 504.5 516.8 557.5 5,282.1 5, 681.0
South....... .......................................... 505.8 451.0 457.1 418.9 370.3 375.7 288.2 324.3 400.2 381.1 387.3 439.6 506.4 4, 614.8 4,467.0
W est--............................... ............... 500.5 486.6 440.6 431.9 326.2 330.4 270.6 308.6 400.3 339.8 362.5 393.0 390.9 4,366. 6 4, 583. 5
New dwelling units (housekeeping
only)........... ........... ............................. 1,033. 4
Northeast_______ - --___ ______ 202.7
North C e n tra l---______________ 277.1
South----- ---------- --------------------281.3
272.4
W est______________ __________
New nonresidential buildings.......... .... 784.4
N ortheast... __________________ 135. 6
North Central_________________
307.6
171.9
South_____________________
West...................... ............................ 169.4
190.9
Additions and alterations___________
44.2
Northeast_____________________
North Central____________ _____
47.8
48.9
South_____________________ —
50.1
W est........ ....................... ..................
i See footnote 1, table F-3.
^Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
996.7
218.0
273.6
243.5
261.7
655.6
123.4
207.2
151.6
173.3
167.6
34.6
45.4
45.6
42.1
942.8
189.2
278.4
248.5
226.6
656.9
132.1
211.0
151.5
162.3
181.1
35.9
46.5
51.2
47.6
760.0
131.2
205.1
218.7
205.0
586.2
109.8
148.2
154.9
173.2
151.5
28.2
40.0
41.8
41.4
525.0
59.7
102.7
198.2
164.4
452.3
107.7
91.9
130.1
122.7
120.8
20.8
28.3
37.8
33.9
563.1
79.7
109.1
195. 6
178.7
435.6
107.5
89.3
131.3
107.5
139.0
24.7
32.2
43.3
38.8
535.4
102.1
131.4
155.9
146.0
433.9
89.8
156.9
91.8
95.4
106.4
23.5
25.5
30.4
27.1
635.8
139.0
165.0
169.3
162.6
459.1
100.8
128.5
119.0
110.7
122.5
29.4
29.6
32.2
31.3
870.3
178.2
253.1
210.0
229.0
592.1
126.0
193.5
144.5
128.1
154.8
35.1
38.9
41.5
39.3
796.9
158.4
247.7
199.5
191.3
569.2
147.8
177.6
137.1
106.8
169.2
42.5
47.4
40.6
38.7
871.8
199.8
267.3
203.6
201.1
557.2
129.4
181.7
129.8
116.4
183.0
40.5
52.5
49.1
40.9
832.4
162.3
257.7
223.4
189.0
656.5
139.8
202.2
155.8
158.7
189.3
39.8
54.6
52.2
42.7
886.6
186.2
278.1
221.2
201.0
705.5
112.3
229.0
222.9
141.3
192.0
40.4
48.1
57.4
46.1
9,220.0 10,149. 6
1,864. 4 2, 200. 4
2,644. 3 3,144.7
2,361.9 2,346.0
2, 349.3 2, 458.5
6, 834.1 6, 664. 5
1, 550.0 1, 435.8
2,104.0 1, 993. 5
1, 664.3 1, 596.9
1, 515. 7 1, 638.3
1,904.0 1,831.4
394.5
424.6
510.7
499.9
481.9
520.6
444.3
458.8
3 Includes new non housekeeping residential building not shown separately,
S ource: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
1095
T a b l e F -5. Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan location and State 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
State and location
1958
May
Apr.s
Mar. Feb.
1957
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June* May
1957
1956
Total
Total
All States....... ......................................... 1, 842. 4 1, 797.1 1, 516.8 1,110.1 1,153.0 1,097.2 1,230. 6 1,642. 7 1,551.7 1, 626.1 1, 693. 4 1. 795. 8 1, 842.8 18,142.3 18, 787.8
Metropolitan areas J......................... 1, 406. 9 1, 388.9 1,196.6 881.2 918.2 860.2 957.8 1, 278.2 1, 202. 5 1,261.8 1, 302. 5 1, 394. 7 1,428.6 14,104.1 14, 688. 9
Nonmetropolitan areas.................... 435.5 408.2 320.2 228.9 234.8 237.0 272.8 364.5 349.2 364.3 390.9 401.1 4H.2 < 038. 2 4,098.9
Alabama............................................... .
18.5
18.2
21.1
16.6
15.3
16.5
15.6
13.0
14.1
13.8
18.7
15.4
19.9
190.6
173.3
____ _______________
Arizona
33.1
20.5
23.6
19.9
13.2
13.0
15.1
17.6
19.4
20.1
19.3
20.3
18.4
224. 5
189. 7
Arkansas ________________________
5.3
7.9
6.3
4.6
4.3
3.3
4.4
5.7
5.7
5.4
8.4
6. 2
4.7
70.6
57.4
California____________ ___________
305.0 275.0 317.4 208. 6 247.2 195.1 216.1 287. 6 229.5 250.7 273.4 267.4 304.0 3, 048.0 3,163.3
37.9
Colorado________________ _________
25.6
15.1
24.3
15.8
16.0
17.6
24.0
21.2
18.1
25.3
25.2
21.0
263.8
282.0
30.6
Connecticut _________ ___________
20.2
30.9
17.7
18.7
18.4
27.9
25.2
36.3
40.5
43.7
33.2
41.2
390.3
375.1
Delaware__________ ______ _______
6.7
3.6
6.1
6.9
7.0
2.3
4.5
6.1
5.9
7.4
8.5
9.3
4. 9
68 9
66 0
District of Columbia_______________
3.8
8.3
6.4
9.3
12.9
3.1
13.7
9.1
13.2
2.9
13.0
62.1
6.3
133. 8
66.8
84.1
Florida___________ ______________
83.3
69.6
83.5
70.9
77.0
73.4
77.7
74. 5 81.4
88.9
87.2
88.3
946. 3
834.8
Georgia................... ............................ .
27.8
27.3
36.6
19.6
28.3
17.1
15.3
22.9
24.4
18.9
21.9
16.7
19.3
247.0
250.1
Idaho____________________________
4.5
3.9
5.9
1.6
1.3
1.8
2.5
4.7
3.0
4.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
38.2
39.6
Illinois___________________________ 132.5 112.9 110.2
53.8
55.8
93.8
73.6 108. 9 105.7 103.9 109.0 120.4 115.9 1, 239. 5 1,334. 3
Indiana__________________________
33.4
30.4
33.7
21.3
22.5
20.0
19.3
44.1
43.9
49.0
37.8
34.9
42.2
419. 5
432.0
Iowa_______________ _____ ______
18.5
17.4
16.8
3.9
6.5
7.9
12.5
16.6
17.1
14.7
18.2
18.5
16.4
160. 5
181.9
Kansas. ___________ _____________
12.6
14.6
10.6
10.0
11.5
10.9
7.1
10.8
12.6
17.9
15.8
10.6
12.3
134.5
151.9
12.2
Kentucky. ______________________
15.5
13.5
6.3
13.5
10.5
5.0
12.2
16.5
14.5
16.1
18.9
22.4
169.1
168.2
Louisiana_______ ______ ___________
29.6
21.0
31.2
17.3
32.3
19.0
16.8
23.0
20.9
20.1
23.2
27.2
24.6
250. 5
273.1
M aine.. ____ ___________________
2.9
.9
4.1
.3
.7
.8
1.3
2.7
3.2
1.8
3.3
3.4
4.9
29.2
33. 9
M aryland. ________________ _____
38.0
35.4
35.7
28.0
27.2
24.0
33.4
55.3
29.9
32.5
40.7
53.9
44.9
446.7
430. 4
47.4
M assachusetts..___ _______________
31.5
50.3
14.0
24.0
24.2
26.6
38. 4 31.5
42.6
50.9
45.5
42.3
440.5
470.4
Michigan_________________________
83.3
64.5
78.9
27.7
38.8
43.9
73.5
82.1
87.9
82.6
91.1 107.8
97.6
933 4 1,090. 8
Minnesota___________________ _____
52.1
60.4
22.1
14.1
10.1
18.1
27.0
35.2
40.1
35.2
42.1
47.4
53.7
390.7
376.1
Mississippi ____________ _ ______ _
3.9
2.9
7.3
7. 5
2.2
3.0
4.5
5.8
6.3
4.4
4.4
7.8
3.2
54.2
53. 5
Missouri_________________________
31.1
23.1
31.9
18.7
17.8
29.0
15.5
33.5
27.7
29.4
35.0
29.1
16.8
302.0
306.7
M ontana. _______________________
4.5
1.5
4.7
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.9
3.1
2.7
2.6
3.4
4.0
3.9
35.1
42.7
Nebraska___ _____________________
11.8
17.1
5.4
2.5
3.1
6.3
3.1
7.5
5.7
8.3
7.0
6.6
15.2
78. 5
82.0
Nevada_______________ _. _______
5.7
8.3
3.8
4.7
3.1
2.0
7.8
3.2
4.0
4.7
3.5
3.9
12.0
60. 2
45. 5
New Hampshire__________________
2.7
2.5
3.4
2.0
.6
4.6
1.9
2.0
1.6
2.1
3.0
2.6
3.0
30.1
37.8
New Jersey ______ _______ ______
79.9
62.6
76.7
27.1
51.4
42.9
49.9
70.1
65.0
71.8
60.3
69.3
73.4
723.2
811 8
New Mexico. ____________________
12.1
8.5
6.8
7.5
11.0
6.3
8.9
6.1
7.6
5.5
6.7
10.4
7.9
88.4
77.2
New York________________________ 142.5 122.1
99.4
91.3
80.1
90.1 108.8 139.5 147.4 114.1 101.2 107.3 198.0 1, 450. 6 1,476.0
North Carolina____________________
26.3
22.7
17.6
18.0
16.1
10.5
13.4
14.5
16.9
17.6
16.9
15.6
18.5
' 194. 3 ’ 221.6
North Dakota___________ _________
4.6
5.6
1.6
.4
.3
.6
1.5
4.3
5.4
5.0
5.7
4.1
5.4
37.2
40. 5
Ohio_________________ __ ________
98.2 118.8
78.7
51.5
44.9
60.5
57.2 101.2
93.3 108.1 101.3 126.2 123.9 1,093. 9 1,205.5
Oklahoma____________ _ ________
13.2
14.4
22.6
15.9
10.3
7.4
9.3
10.5
9.3
13.2
13.8
8.5
121.3
10.6
143.2
O reg o n ..................................................
18.4
12.9
36.2
9.7
8.5
7.6
7.2
12.1
12.3
13.7
14.6
13.2
14.0
138.9
182.0
Pennsjdvania___________ ______ ..
65.7
68.6
47.7
35.2
37.1
36.1
51.1
66.8
53.4
75.8
93.0
74.1
72.0
749.3
781.4
Rhode Island______________ ______
4.6
4.5
3.7
1.6
2.9
2.1
4.3
6.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
3.9
5.2
48.8
59.6
South Carolina____________________
9.3
6.6
5.4
4.8
5.1
3.7
2.7
5.0
5.3
6.2
7.3
5.9
5.0
63.4
75.8
South D akota____ ________________
3.6
4.1
3.4
.6
.8
1.4
2.4
4.2
3.4
3.5
4.6
2.5
4.1
36.0
37.4
Tennessee______ _ _______________
23.8
25.8
15.1
22.7
13.6
8.8
12.4
16.9
14.5
14.2
15.8
22.0
21.6
179.3
213.8
Texas____________________________ 103.7 102.4
97.6
77.4
83.9
64.0
68.0
89.2
88.0
83.6 101.5
91.3
87.0 1,013.4
916.9
U tah. ______________________ ____
16.7
20.8
14.2
12.4
6.4
6.9
5.9
11.6
10.2
9.8
9.4
12.2
14.2
113. 5
145.3
Vermont____ ____ ________________
.7
.6
1.1
.2
.2
.2
.9
1.8
7.0
.6
.6
.5
.9
15. 6
10.1
Virginia_____________________ _____
38.4
36.2
34.8
26.5
28.4
18.5
23.4
30.6
32.2
34.0
32.4
53.2
36.7
384.3
457.5
Washington. _________ _____ ___
45.6
34.8
28.3
34.3
22.5
17.9
24.3
29.1
26.4
31.3
31.8
28.9
32.5
335.3
390.6
West V irginia___________________
6.4
11.1
6.4
5.5
4.3
4.4
3.0
5.2
4.5
14.8
6.9
16.4
6.8
80.8
64.4
Wisconsin.......................... .................
45.8
44.1
28.2
19.8
19.1
26.8
32.2
41.1
49.3
42.7
41.0
43.2
45.9
457.3
442.0
W yom ing... ___________ _____ ____
3.1
2.0
2.6
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.7
3.1
2.1
2.5
2.2
1.8
21.1
25.6
1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
*Revised.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* Comprised of 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in 1950 Census.
Souece: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1958
1096
T able F-6.
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by ownership and location,
and construction c o s t1
Number of new dwelling units started
Estimated construction cost1
(in thousands)
Location
Period
Total
Privately Publicly
owned
owned
1,396.000
1,091,300
1,127,000
1,103,800
1.220,400
1,328,900
1. 118,100
1,041,900
1,352,200
1,020,100
1,068.500
1.068.300
1,201,700
1,309.500
1,093,900
992,800
236,800
332. 700
346,000
304,900
291,300
404,100
362, 300
271,200
252,100
75, 100
78, 400
98, 600
332.500
111.400
113,700
107.400
298. 900
101.100
103, 900
93.900
234,600
93, 600
77, 400
63. 600
217,000
64,200
65,800
87,000
296, 600
93. 700
103,000
99.900
289, 700
97.800
100.000
91.900
238, R00
97,000
78,200
63,400
215, 400
67. 900
66.100
81.400
319,100
99,100
April 4................ ...............
May 3_______ _________ 105,000
Tune 3_________ _____— 115,000
232. 200
326.500
339,300
303, 700
288. 000
397,000
357,800
266, 700
244.600
73. 700
77. 000
93. 900
325,300
109, 900
110.800
104. 600
292.900
99.000
103 200
90,700
231,100
91,200
77,000
62,900
202, 500
60 100
63, 100
79, 300
282,800
91. 400
96.900
94.500
280.900
93,900
96. 800
90,200
226,600
88.400
75. 700
62. 500
201,200
62,900
61.000
77, 300
296, 700
94, 200
98,000
104. 500
111,000
107,300
1950
................... -........
10*51
. _________
1052
_ ................... ......
1953
....... ...............
1954
______
1055
_ _ ____
105fi
.........................
1957.................................................
1954' First quarter____________
Second quarter__________
Third quarter___________
Fourth quarter__________
1955: First quarter........................
Second quarter__________
Third quarter................ ......
Fourth quarter__________
1956: First quarter____________
January______________
February_____________
March_______________
Second quarter__________
April.!_______________
May_________________
June_________________
Third quarter___________
July _______________
August _____________
September____________
Fourth quarter__________
October_____ _________
November____________
December_____________
1957: First quarter........................
January______________
February_____________
March_______________
Second quarter__________
A pril________________
May_________________
June________ _________
Third quarter___________
Julv 1................................
August_______________
September.... ....................
Fourth quarter.....................
October______________
November........................
December_____________
1958: First quarter___ ________
January_________ _____
February........ ..................
March....... ............. ..........
July 3________________
Metro Nonmetro North North
east Central South
politan
politan
places
places
43.800 1.021,600
776.800
71,200
794.900
58, 500
803. 500
35,500
18, 700 896.900
19, 400 975, 800
779.800
24,200
699, 700
49,100
374,000
314,500
332,100
300.300
323. 500
353,100
338,300
342, 200
4,600
6.200
6.700
1.200
3.300
7,100
4,500
4, 500
7.500
1,400
1,400
4.700
7,200
1, 500
2.900
2,800
6,000
2, 100
700
3. 200
3, 500
2, 400
400
700
14,500
4,100
2,700
7.700
13,800
2,300
6,100
5. 400
8.800
3.900
3.200
1,700
12,000
8.600
2,500
900
14,200
5.000
5,100
4, 100
22, 400
4.900
7,000
10, 500
174,300
244,000
252,800
225,800
221.800
294,800
263. 400
195, 800
183. 800
54.300
57.600
71,900
228,300
76,200
77,600
74,500
202, 900
69, 700
70, 900
62.300
164,800
64,900
54.800
45,100
149.100
44. 000
46, 600
58, 500
200,300
63. 500
68.200
68.600
192,600
63,400
67, 700
61,500
157, 700
61.800
52. 500
43. 400
143,700
44, 500
44, 400
54. 800
215,000
67.400
70,900
76,700
3,700
76,100
1 Excludes temporary units, conversions, dormitory accommodations,
trailers, and military barracks; includes prefabricated housing if permanent.
These estimates are based on (1) monthly building-permit reports adjusted
for lapsed permits and for lag between permit issuance and the start of con
struction, (2) continuous field surveys in nonpermit-issuing places, and (3)
reports of public construction contract awards.
Private construction costs are based on permit valuation adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construction
costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for indi
vidual projects.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
West
(2) $11,788,595 $11,418,371
9,186,123
9,800,892
(2)
9,706,276
10, 208,983
(2)
10.488,003 10,181,185
<2)
291,800 12, 478, 237 12.309,200
310,800 14, 544,647 14. 345,829
252,000 13,077,027 12,814,776
241, 700 12,693,995 12,126,800
$370,224
614,769
502, 707
306,818
169,037
198,818
262,251
567,195
21, 500
(2)
(2)
2,240.448
3.454. 571
3, 590,366
3,192, 852
3.076,198
4,416,285
4,025.441
3,026, 723
2,846,008
814,448
887,138
1,144,422
3,923,607
1,309,175
1,346, 587
1,267,845
3. 532,193
1,201,139
1,227,269
1,103, 785
2, 775, 219
1,103, 963
930,642
740,614
2,609, 458
752,234
784.019
1,073.205
3,645. 531
1,152,166
1,264.385
1.228.980
3,535,278
1,198.141
1, 207. 763
1,129,374
2,903,728
1,195,309
946,481
761,938
2, 546,848
792, 427
781,091
973,330
3, 865, 402
1,196,950
1,269. 429
1, 399,023
2,199,446
3. 398,898
3, 528, 471
3.182,385
3,043,959
4, 349,159
3,981,182
2,971,529
2, 761,446
800,665
871. 700
1,089,081
3, 844,192
1. 293. 488
1.312.890
1,237. 814
3, 471,787
1,179, 266
1, 222, 281
1,070, 240
2, 737.351
1,078,142
925,991
733,218
2,432.406
704,917
751,813
975,676
3,479,262
1,123.385
1,191,789
1.164,088
3,443.443
1,154, 771
1,176,600
1,112.072
2, 771,689
1,098.140
921,444
752,105
2, 381,164
737.503
718,862
924,799
3, 601, 508
1,141, 508
1,185,100
1, 274,900
41.002
55,673
61,895
10,467
32,239
67.126
44, 259
65,194
84.562
13,783
15,438
55,341
79, 415
15,687
33, 697
30,031
60,406
21,873
4.988
33, 545
37,868
25,821
4,651
7,396
177,052
47,317
32,206
97,529
166, 269
28, 781
72,596
64, 892
91.835
43,370
31,163
17,302
132,039
97,169
25,037
9,833
165,684
54,924
62, 229
48, 531
263,894
55,442
84,329
124,123
(3)
1,354, 560
1, 309,060
45, 500
243,100
273. 100
228.800
195,500
m
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
325. 800
356.000
303.100
258,400
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
359, 700
389,000
334,200
346,300
62, 500
88, 700
93. 200
79.100
69,500
109,300
98. 900
75. 400
68.300
20. 800
20,800
26.700
104. 200
35.200
36,100
32,900
96,000
31.400
33.000
31. 600
69.800
28.700
22, 600
18.500
67.900
20, 200
19, 200
28. 500
96, 300
30.200
34.800
31,300
97. 100
34, 400
32, 300
30.400
80.900
35. 200
25. 700
20,000
71, 700
23, 400
21,700
26. 600
104,100
31,700
34,100
38,300
47, 400
67,300
72. 500
55, 900
53,100
89. 100
75, 400
55. 500
46, 700
12, 400
14,400
18,900
72,300
23, 400
24,700
24,200
61.800
21,800
20,800
19, 200
49,000
20,100
16,500
12, 400
33,800
9,300
9,700
14,800
60. 700
19,900
20,900
19,900
57.900
19, 200
21,800
16.900
43,100
19, 500
13,800
9,800
27,400
8,100
7,000
12, 300
52,700
98. 400
97.800
76.900
63.400
116,600
108.000
68.000
58, 200
15,700
16,400
26,100
98,100
33, 600
33.300
31.200
87,200
29,900
29.200
28,100
59,600
26, 200
19.200
14. 200
46,800
10, 700
14,000
22.100
77,200
23, 700
25, 700
27, 800
79,300
27,000
27,300
25.000
55.100
24,200
17,400
13.500
40. 200
11,000
11,200
18,000
77,600
90,900
99.900
91.300
95,900
109. 700
99 400
84.000
83, 200
27,200
26. 800
29.200
93,200
31, 100
32.800
29,300
86,500
27. 700
30,700
28.100
71.300
27, 500
22, 700
21.100
80,000
26,000
24, 600
29, 400
92.800
28,100
33,700
31,000
91,200
31. 500
31,000
28. 700
82.300
30.100
28,200
24.000
88.100
28,700
28,700
30, 700
59,100
76,100
75,800
80,800
78,900
88.700
79, 500
63,700
65,000
19.800
20.800
24. 400
68.900
23,300
22,900
22, 700
63. 400
21, 700
23,200
18, 500
54.700
19, 800
19,000
15,900
56,400
18,200
17,500
20, 700
65,900
22,000
22.700
21.200
61,300
20, 100
19,900
21,300
58,100
23,200
18,800
16,100
59, 700
20.100
19.200
20,400
18.900
(2)
(*)
25,700
(2)
(2)
33,000
(2)
(2)
34, 900
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(’)
Publicly
owned
Privately
owned
Total
i Not available.
3 Preliminary.
1 Revised.
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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