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Labor
Review
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S E P T E M B E R 1 9 5 2 VOL. 75 N O .
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Job Tenure of American Workers
Labor Requirements for Building Air Force Housing
Labor and the Savannah River AEC Project:
Part IV—Community Facilities and Social Changes
The New Daily Index of Spot Market Prices
U N I T E D STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF LABOR
Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary
B U R E A U OF LABOR S T A T I S T I C S
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
M aurice J. Tobin , Secretary
B U R E A U OF LABOR ST A T IST IC S
E w an Clague,
Commissioner
A r y n e s s J oy W ic k e n s ,
D eputy Commissioner
A ssistant Commissioners
H erm an
B. B y e r
H e n r y J . F it z g e r a l d
Charles
D. Stew art
Chief Statistician
S a m u e l W e is s
H. M. D outy, Chief, D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations
W. D uane E vans, Chief, Division of Interindustry Economies
E dward D . H ollander, Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
R ichard F. J ones, Chief, D ivision of Administrative Services
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Division of Field Service
P aul R . K erschbaum, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
D ’Alton B. M yers, Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
D avid J. Saposs, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
W alter W . Schneider, Acting Chief, D ivision of Construction Statistics
O scar W eigert , Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
F aith M. W illiams, Chief, Office of Labor Economics
S eymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
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0 Cl 6 1352
Monthly Labor Review
UN ITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR • BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
L awrence R. K lein , Editor
CONTENTS
Special Articles
257
263
269
Job Tenure of American Workers
Labor Requirements for Building Air Force Housing
Labor and the Savannah River AEC Project: Part IV, Community
Facilities and Social Changes.
Summaries of Studies and Reports
279
281
285
289
299
300
262
Thirty-fifth Conference of the International Labor Organization
Earnings in Synthetic Textiles, March 1952
Wages in the Industrial Chemical Industry
Wage Chronology No. 29: San Francisco Printing, 1939-51
A National Policy on Youth Employment
Ceiling Price Regulations 154-161; Suspension of Some Price Controls
Errata: August 1952 issue
Technical Note
301
The New Daily Index of Spot Market Prices
Departments
in
304
307
308
309
313
318
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Labor Month in Review
Recent Decisions of Interest to Labor
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Union Conventions Schedule, October 1952
Developments in Industrial Relations
Publications of Labor Interest
Current Labor Statistics (list of tables)
September 1952 • Vol. 75 • No. 3
In the October Issue . . .
Two Significant Articles
Dealing With Relevant Labor Matters
1. Union Finances—A study of how unions secure
revenues for their operations and how dues, initiation fees,
and special assessments are set, based on data from 90
international unions. (A subsequent article will discuss
union expenditures.)
2. W hat th e Em ployer M u st Place on th e Bargaining
Table—An annotated analysis of NLRB rulings and court
decisions which have established the kinds of pertinent
information that employers must make available during
collective-bargaining negotiations.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Labor Month
in Review
the month, the leaders of organized labor
demonstrated growing attention to the political
campaigns. Union members were urged to study
the issues and to register as voters. Election of a
“ liberal Congress” was stressed by most union
officials in their Labor Day messages. A number
of unions endorsed candidates for State or Federal
offices.
Steel production was resumed rapidly following
the end of the steel stoppage. The last of the
“ Big 6” contracts, negotiated to confirm the terms
of the settlement, was signed a month after the
close of the steel strike. Meanwhile, several other
unions sought new contract arrangements; wage
adjustments and the union shop were prominent
among the demands which were advanced.
D uring
AFL-ICFTU Relations
Early resumption of active participation in
International Confederation of Free Trade Union
affairs by the AFL was indicated by two decisions
of the AFL Executive Council.
The ICFTU was invited to send a fraternal
delegate to address the AFL’s convention. AFL
officials anticipated that J. H. Oldenbroek, the
ICFTU’s general secretary, would be the delegate
named. A second invitation also was extended to
the ICFTU, suggesting that the executive com
mittee of the anti-Communist trade-union federa
tion hold its next meeting in New York City.
After further discussions with the ICFTU’s Ameri
can affiliates—the AFL, the CIO, and the United
Mine Workers—December 1-5 was the date set
for this meeting.
The Unions and Politics
With the conclusion of the Presidential nom
inating conventions, a large portion of the interest
of the leaders of American unions was focused on
the 1952 elections. During August the 46-man
Executive Board of the CIO recommended that
the members of CIO affiliates vote for the Demo
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cratic Party candidates for President and Vice
President. A number of international unions,
both AFL and-CIO, some of which had not taken
such a step since 1924, took similar action. The
AFL Executive Council arranged to have the
standard bearers of both major parties address the
seventy-first annual AFL convention.
The importance of the fall elections to organized
labor was stressed in Labor Day messages by
William Green, Philip Murray, and many inter
national union heads. On Labor Day, both
Presidential nominees appealed for the electoral
support of labor voters. Governor Stevenson
called for replacement of the Taft-Hartley Act
by new labor-management legislation in a Detroit
speech made under AFL and CIO auspices.
General Eisenhower issued a Labor Day pledge
and addressed the AFL Letter Carriers’ convention
in New York City.
Labor-Management Relations
Coal. F oliowing exploratory nego tiations b etween
United Mine Workers and anthracite operators’
committee representatives, the union announced
that it had found the five subjects advanced by the
operators to be bargainable. The union asked a
reported 20,000 western Pennsylvania bitumi
nous-coal miners to halt their “ wildcat” strike
which was embarrassing the union in its negotia
tions. Progress was also reported toward an
interim agreement between the union and the
Southern Coal Producers Association.
Mr. Lewis had given a 60-day contract-termina
tion notice to the Bituminous Coal Operators
Association late in July and similar notices to the
Southern Coal Producers Association and the
anthracite operators committee 10 days later.
The union observed a 10-day memorial stoppage
in tribute to all miners killed and injured in mine
accidents since the first of the year and notified the
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service that
the negotiations had failed to produce an agree
ment, leaving the mine workers free to strike late
in September.
Rubber. After 7 weeks’ negotiations, the CIO
Rubber Workers and Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Co. agreed to an extension of their contract. The
company granted a 10-cent hourly pay increase.
U. S. Rubber, Seiberling, General, and Firestone
shortly thereafter followed the example of Good
year. The B. F. Goodrich Co., after a 12-day
work stoppage, agreed to a 10-cent hourly wage
in
IV
THE L A B O R MONTH IN R E V IE W
boost and to the full union shop; in return, the
union agreed to “ take reasonable action” to curb
wildcat strikes. Union-shop clauses in the Fire
stone and Goodrich contracts marked the complete
establishment of this form of union security in the
large rubber plants.
Non-ops’ Union Shop. Agreement for a union
shop was reached between the Eastern Carriers’
Conference Committee and the 17 nonoperating
unions, raising to 400,000 the number of railroad
workers under the union-security coverage recom
mended by a Presidential Emergency Board in
February. Since several of the major eastern
lines had already established the union shop, the
new agreement applied only to the remainder of
the lines, the largest of which was the Pennsylvania
Railroad.
The agreement provides that present employees
must become members of the union of their craft
or class within 60 days after the contract was
signed. New employees are given 60 days after
employment to join. The union’s conference
committee, headed by AFL Telegraphers president
G. E. Leighty, expressed hope that they would
soon win agreement to the union shop from
western and southeastern conference committees.
ILGWU Anti-Open-Shop Drive. After a month’s
mass picketing set up by the Cloak Joint Board
of the AFL Ladies’ Garment Workers in New York
City, 19 of the leading nonunion women’s apparel
shops signed contracts with the union.
Soon after the start of picketing, the open-shop
employers formed an association and demanded
special contractual relations with the union.
Upon refusal by the union to grant them preferen
tial status, the association filed an antitrustaction against the union and the established
employer associations.
AFL leaders continued their investigation of
alleged racketeering in New York metropolitanarea AFL unions. A preliminary report to the
AFL Executive Council cited discrepancies ob
served in connection with certain dress company
truckers, open-shop dress manufacturers, and the
holders of certain charters issued by the AFL
Jewelry Workers, Auto Workers, and Distillery
Workers.
Economic Background
Employment in nonfarm industries declined by
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
over 400,000 between mid-June and mid-July, to
45.9 million. Seasonal employment gains in
construction, food processing, and other industries
partly offset the effects of the steel strike on
employment. Some 900,000 workers were off
industry payrolls in mid-July as a result of the
steel strike—split about evenly between steel
workers and iron-ore miners and employees in
steel-using industries, coal mines, and railroads.
The average workweek of production workers in
manufacturing declined by half an hour from June
to July, to 39.9 hours; their average hourly
earnings declined nearly 1 cent to $1.65, indicating
decreased overtime in metalworking industries.
These declines resulted in a drop in average
weekly earnings in manufacturing of $1.14,
to $65.84.
Housing starts dipped slightly in August when
99.000 new permanent nonfarm dwelling units
were put under construction. On a seasonally
adjusted basis, housing starts were at an annual
rate of 1,035,000 in August, the last of three
consecutive months to be taken into account in
determining whether residential credit controls
will be relaxed. Expenditures for all new con
struction put in place in August was $3,152
billion, highest monthly total on record.
Fewer man-days of strike idleness occurred in
July than in June. However, the 12.5 million
days in July were, except for the 14 million in
June, the greatest number in any month since
October 1949. About 80 percent of the total July
idleness resulted from participants in the steel
strike.
An advance of 0.6 percent from June 15 to July
15 raised the CPI to a new record high of 190.8,
12.1 percent above June 15, 1950, and 2.9 percent
above a year ago. A sharp rise in food prices was
primarily responsible for the increase; only the
prices of apparel and of housefurnishings declined
during the month. The estimated Retail Food
Price Index rose 0.3 percent from July 15 to
August 15.
The old series CPI advanced 0.7 percent from
June to July, to 192.4, 5.9 percent above January
15, 1951, bringing a quarterly escalated wage
increase of 3 cents hourly to over 1 million auto
mobile workers on September 1.
The Wholesale Price Index for July showed an
advance over June, the first upward turn of this
index since November 1951.
Job Tenure of American Workers
A Fifth of All Workers Have Remained
With the Same Employer Continuously
For Nine or More Years
Seym our
L.
W o l f b e in *
always has been a major characteristic
of the American labor force. Changes from one
occupation or industry to another have been ac
companied by extensive geographical shifts and
appear to form a common pattern in the working
lives of substantial numbers of people.
Interest in these movements has been heightened
during the past several years by the manpower
requirements of a mobilization economy. Many
surveys have been conducted to assess the mag
nitude and nature of job shifts and the character
istics of workers who make them. One of the
more important of these, made early in 1951 by
the Bureau of the Census, gives added insight
into a major facet of the general problem of
mobility, i. e., the length of workers’ continuous
association with the same employer.1
M obility
Job Stability
Job shifting can be gauged effectively by the
extent to which workers remain on the same job
for long periods of time. The Census survey
found that 13 million of the 59 million civilian
workers employed in January 1951, had been with
the same employer continuously since November
1941 or earlier. In other words, more than a fifth
of the workers employed at the time of the survey
were still working in the same jobs2 they had prior
to Pearl Harbor and the beginning of World War
II. Thus, a significantly large proportion of
workers remained with the same employer or
business despite the war and postwar (including
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Korea) dislocations, notwithstanding the mass
movement of men into and out of the Armed
Forces3 and of women into and out of the labor
force, and in the face of the extensive variations
in industrial demand of the past decade.
The January 1951 total included, of course,
many persons who could not possibly have had a
continuous job for 9 or more years simply because
of their age. It also includes many men who in
voluntarily interrupted their job holding, by entry
into the Armed Forces. The proportion with long
term job tenure, calculated on a base consisting of
those with continuous labor-force participation
throughout this period, would therefore be consid
erably higher.
Thus, the Census found that the most significant
contributor to the number exhibiting such a large
element of stability in job holding was the older
worker. As the following tabulation shows, more
than two-thirds of the workers on the same job
since before World War II were 45 years of age or
more, and a little over a tenth were 65 years or
older.
*0f the Bureau’s Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics.
* All data are from U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
released in Current Population Reports, Labor Force, December 5, 1951
(Series P-50, No. 36): Experience of Workers at their Current Jobs, January
1951, and from special tabulations prepared by the Census Bureau for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2 For wage and salary workers, a “job” was defined as a “continuous period
of employment with a single employer” ; and for the self-employed, as a
“continuous period of employment in a particular type of business in the
same locality.”
3 The Census considered entry into the Armed Forces as the ending of a
particular job, even though a person retained reemployment rights to that
job.
257
258
JOB TEN U RE OF AM ERICAN W O R K E R S
Distribution of Workers by Length of Service With
the Same Employer, January 1951
MONTHLY LABOR
out of every 10 men with a job or business dating
back to Pearl Harbor or before.
White-collar work was the predominant field of
concentration among women with jobs acquired
before World War II. In fact, 25 percent were
engaged in a clerical capacity; another 15 percent
in professional and technical work. As might be
expected, service occupations, including work in
private households also accounted for large num
bers of women in this group. More significant,
however, is the fact that almost a fifth of the
women with long-term attachment to their jobs
were working as semiskilled operatives. Thus,
for both men and women, semiskilled factory work
represents one of the most important areas of long
job tenure. The occupational distribution of men
and women with jobs dating back 9 or more years
is shown below.
M en
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT of LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Source■U.S. Bureau of the Census
Sample Survey
Number
( mil
lions ) Percent
All workers employed in jobs acquired prior
to World War I I ________________________ 13. 0
100
Under 45 years of age_____________________
45 years of age and over___________________
32
68
45-54 years___________________________
55-64 years___________________________
65 years and over_____________________
4. 2
8. 8
4. 2
3. 2
1. 4
32
25
11
Occupationally, workers with long-term attach
ment to their jobs were concentrated in four major
areas of work among the men. The most impor
tant was the skilled group of craftsmen and fore
men—a group in which the majority of workers
are older men and the investment in training time
and specialized work experience is greatest. Sig
nificantly, a large proportion of the men still occu
pying pre-World War II jobs were also working as
semiskilled operatives. Thus, the skilled crafts
men and the semiskilled operatives, the great
majority of whom work in factories, accounted
for 37 percent of all the men with long-duration
attachment to the same employer.
The other two ranking groups represent the selfemployed and managerial personnel, both on and
off the farm, and they also include substantial
numbers of older men. These groups, together
with the craftsmen and operatives, constituted 7
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Women
Number
{millions) Percent
All workers em ployed in jobs
acquired prior to World War
I I _________________________ 10. 6
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers
_ _
__ _
Operatives and kindred workers._ __
_ _ _ _
_
Farmers and farm m anagers. .
Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm _
Professional, technical, and
kindred w o r k e r s .__ ______
Clerical and kindred workers._
Sales workers _____
Service workers, including private household workers____
Laborers, farm and nonfarm . _
100
Number
( mil
lions)
2. 4
Percent
100
2. 2
21
0)
1. 7
1. 8
16
17
C1)
1. 8
17
.2
9
.8
.7
.4
7
7
4
.4
.6
. 1
15
25
6
.5
.7
5
6
.4
. 1
15
6
.5
2
19
3
i Less than 100,000.
The Pattern of Job Holding
Four major periods of job acquisition and tenure
are discernible as the experience on current jobs
of the workers employed in January 1951 is ex
amined. These are shown in chart 1.
The first—already discussed—involves the 13
million workers still at the same job or business
acquired prior to the United States entry into
World War II. The second—embracing the
smallest number of workers—is the period of the
war itself. Persons still holding jobs obtained
during this period numbered about 7 million or
12 percent of the total. This group was small
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
because millions of housewives and other wartime
“ extra” workers returned to nonworker status
after the cessation of hostilities. Even those who
remained in the labor force changed jobs in large
numbers in the shift from war to peacetime
production.
Twenty-six and a half million, or 45 percent, ac
quired their current jobs during the third period—
extending from YJ-day to the outbreak of the
Korean conflict.
The fourth—dating from
Korea—accounts for a little over 11 million per
sons, or about 20 percent of the total. Thus,
about two out of every three employed people in
January 1951 were working at jobs which they
obtained only since the end of World War II.
Importance of Demographic Characteristics
Job tenure varies significantly with the personal
characteristics of workers, such as their age, sex,
and color. Detailed information on these factors
is presented in table 1 which warrants three prin
cipal conclusions:
(1) The duration of a worker’s continuous asso
ciation with the same employer or business varies
directly with age. The importance of the older
worker among those with at least 9 years on the
same job has already been shown. For both men
and women, the average (median) number of years
in continuous employment goes up consistently
with the age scale.
(2) The length of job tenure differs considerably
between men and women. There is not much dif
ference in the duration of job-holding between
boys and girls in their teens or early twenties.
Differences begin to get marked as they enter the
adult age groups when women drop out of the labor
market at the time of marriage or child-bearing.
In the older age groups, the median number of
years of continuous job-holding among men is
double that of women.
The effect of marriage and child-bearing on job
tenure among women is clearly indicated in the
following summary tabulation. The average
number of years on the same job for married
women with no children, for example, was more
than double that of women with children and more
than triple that for married women with children
of pre-school age.
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259
JOB TENURE OF AM ERICAN W O R K E R S
Median years on current
job in January 1951
All employed w om en_________________________
2 .2
Single----------------------------------------2.7
Widowed, divorced, or separated---------------------Married_______________________________________
2.1
W ith no children under 18 years of age------2. 8
W ith children under 18 years of a g e ------1. 3
W ith children 6 to 17 years of age---------------2.1
W ith children under 6 years of age-----------.8
(3)
Job tenure was consistently longer among
whites than nonwhites, for both men and women
and for both farm and nonfarm residents. The
major reason for this disparity is, of course, the
greater concentration of nonwhite jobs in casual or
part-time work and in occupations with charac
teristically lower job stability. Both result in more
frequent periods of unemployment and consequent
interruption of job tenure. This appears to be
particularly true of nonwhite women in farm em
ployment. Table 1 shows, for example, that the
proportion of white women in farm residence with
jobs dating from the pre-World War II period was
almost 10 times as high as that for nonwhites in
the same category.
Occupational Differentials
One of the most important factors affecting the
length of job tenure among American workers is
the occupation in which they are employed. The
proportion of workers with jobs dating back to
before World War II and, consequently, the
average number of years of continuous association
with the same employer or business shows a con
sistent pattern of variation with occupation for
both men and women (table 2).
The group with by far the longest job tenure
were the farmers and farm managers—one out of
every two in January 1951 having a job acquired
at least 9 years ago. The average duration of
continuous association with the same employer or
business for workers in this category was almost
double that of the next highest group. This is the
category, of course, which includes a large number
of older workers and which is the traditional area of
long-term self-employment in the United States.
Much of the same can be said of the group with the
next largest proportion of long-term job-holding—
the managerial and proprietary class off the farm.
2.0
260
JOB TEN U RE OF AM ERICAN W O R K E R S
MONTHLY LABOR
1
In fact, the extent to which any group—age,
sex, color, occupation, or any other category—
contains large numbers of workers with longduration job-holding depends in good part on the
proportion in that group which is self-employed.
The Census tabulations show a very sizable
difference in the duration of job tenure between
the self-employed and wage and salary workers.
In agricultural employment, for example, 50
percent of the self-employed, but only 15 percent
of the wage and salary workers, were engaged in
the same enterprise for 9 or more years. As a
result, there was a marked difference in the aver
age (median) number of years of continuous work
in the same job or business for both agricultural
groups: 9.4 years for the self-employed and l.8
years for the wage and salary workers. The
corresponding averages for persons engaged in
nonagricultural industries were 5.0 years for the
self-employed and 2.9 years for the wage and
salary workers.
T able
1.
Professional and technical workers as a group
also show the influence of self-employment on
job tenure. The majority of persons employed
in this kind of work have made a comparatively
heavy investment of time, education, and special
ized work experience and might be expected to
show a large element of job stability. Table 2
shows that this group ranks high in terms of job
stability. Closer examination reveals the addi
tional fact, however, that the biggest contribution
to this job stability comes from the self-employed
among the professional workers—doctors, lawyers,
engineers, architects, etc. The following brief
summary tabulation makes this clear.
♦
Number of years on
current job
Men
Professional and technical workers______
Women
4. 3
2. 5
Self-employed workers_________________
10. 0 +
Wage and salary workers—
Private industry_____________________
3. 9
Governm ent_________________________
3. 2
4. 1
2. 3
2. 5
Experience of workers at their current jobs, by age, sex, color, and farm-nonfarm residence, January 1951
*
Percent distribution of all employed workers
Age (in years)
Color and farm-nonfarm residence
Period 1 current job started
Unitec States
Total
14-17
18 and
19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and
over
White
Farm
Non
white 3 White
Nonfarm
N on
white 3 White
N on
white 3
M en and women
Pre-World War I I ____
World War II________
Post-World War I I ___
Post-Korea__________
Period not reported___
22.0
11. 6
44. 9
19.1
2. 3
0.9
4. 2
45. 4
45.3
4.1
1.1
1. 6
46.4
49.1
1. 7
0.7
4.7
62.7
29.9
2.1
7.2
10.8
58.7
21.7
1.6
23.0
15.0
44.0
15.8
2.2
37.3
15.0
33.3
12.0
2.5
44.5
13.0
29.8
10.3
2.3
52.0
11.0
23.1
9.8
4.1
22.7
11.6
44.8
18.7
2.1
14.7
11.6
46.1
23.3
4.3
31.7
12.9
38.0
16.0
1.5
18.0
14.4
39.1
25.8
2.8
21.3
11. 4
45. 9
19. 2
2.2
14.2
11. 2
47. 2
22. 9
4.5
T o ta l2____ ____
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Median years worked..
3.4
0.7
0.6
1.3
2.6
3.2
6.3
8.0
Ì + T
3.5
2.4
4.7
1.9
3.3
2.5
Pre-World War I I ____
World War II________
Post-World War I I ___
Post-Korea____ ______
Period not reported___
25.4
11. 6
44.0
16.8
2. 2
1.3
6.0
49. 9
39. 5
3. 3
1.8
2.8
44.8
49.1
1. 2
1 .1
4. 4
62.2
30.4
1.9
7.6
9.8
62.1
18.9
1.5
25.1
15.3
43.5
13.9
2.1
42.6
14.6
29.8
10.5
2.4
49.2
12.8
26.7
8.9
2.4
56.3
11.0
20.2
8.4
4.1
26.2
11.5
44.0
16.3
2.0
17.4
13.5
42.9
22.1
4.2
34.0
13.1
37.3
14.2
1.4
21.8
15.3
36.1
24.2
2.6
24.8
11.1
45.3
16. 7
2.1
16.3
13.1
44.4
21.6
4.6
T o ta l2______ . . .
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Median years worked..
3.9
0.8
0.6
1.2
2.8
4.5
7.6
9.3
10+
4.0
3 .1
5.1
2.8
3.8
3.1
Pre-World War I I __
World War II________
Post-World War I I ___
Post-Korea__________
Period not reported___
13.9
11. /
47.2
24. 7
2. 5
0.9
36. 9
56. 5
5. 8
0.2
0.2
48.2
49.2
2. 3
0.2
5.1
63.5
29.0
2.3
6.3
13.4
50.1
28.6
1.8
17.9
14.2
44.9
20.4
2.6
24.0
16.1
41.9
15.3
2.7
29.6
13.9
39.8
14.5
2.2
34.9
10.6
35.2
15.5
3.9
14.4
12.1
46.7
24.7
2.3
10.2
8.3
51.5
25.4
4.4
21.3
11.6
41.3
24.4
1.5
2.5
10.6
50.8
32.0
3.8
13. 7
12.1
47.1
24. 7
2.3
11.0
8.1
51. 6
25.0
4.4
T o ta l2_________
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Median years worked. .
2.2
0.5
0.6
1.4
1.8
3.1
4.0
4.5
4.9
2.3
1.7
2.8
1.0
2.3
1.7
M en
1
Women
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2 Figures m ay not add to 100 because of rounding.
3 N onwhite includes Negroes, Indians, Chinese, Japanese. All others
classified as white.
X
+
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T a b l e 2. — Experience of workers at their current jobs,
by major occupation group and sex, January 1951
*
Occupation
Percent with jobs ac
quired before World
War II
Total
All employed persons_____
4
*
Farmers and farm man
agers ________________
Managers, officials, proprie
tors, except farm___ ____
Craftsmen, foremen, and
kindred workers_____
Professional, technical, and
kindred workers____ . __
Clerical and kindred work
ers_____________________
Operatives and kindred
_ ...
workers___ _
Farm laborers and foremen. _
Sales workers.
_______
Service workers, except
household. . . . ______
Laborers, except farm.____
Private household workers..
22.0
Median years on
current job
Men Women Total
25.4
13.9
3.4
Men Women
3.9
2.2
50.0
50.4
42.4
9.4
9.6
7.1
33.0
34.9
22.7
5.1
5.3
4.2
27.9
28.2
20.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
24.9
27.8
20.3
3.7
4.3
2.5
17.4
25.7
12.7
2.9
3.9
2.5
16.9
18.2
14.0
18.7
9.7
16.2
12.4
33.9
10.3
2.9
2.7
2.2
3.1
2.4
2.6
2.3
4.8
1.6
14.1
11.6
10.2
19.2
11.6
7.9
2.0
1.6
1.2
2.9
1.6
10.2
1.2
1.2
The industry in which the occupation is per
formed also lias a significant effect on the length
of job tenure among workers. This can be shown
with particular force for the skilled craftsmen and
foremen group which, with an average duration
of 4.3 years on the same job (table 2), ranks very
high among the major occupational groups in
terms of long duration job-holding.
Industries in which seniority plays a pivotal
part (e. g., railroads) or employment conditions in
general are much more stable (e. g., utilities) have
very high rates of job stability in comparison with
such industries as trade or construction in which
employment is much more intermittent and
seasonal. The following tabulation shows the
situation among the male skilled group in January
1951 and accounts for the six industries which
employed 80 percent of all the men in that
category.
Median number of years
on current job
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers:
Total m en ___________________________
4. 3
Railway and railway express___________ 10. 0 +
U tilities_______________________________
5. 7
M anufacturing_________________________ 5. 5
M ining________________________________
4. 5
Trade_________________________________
3. 5
Construction___________________________ 2. 1
Finally, training time, skill level, and specialized
work experience are also important factors in
differentiating the various groups in terms of
2 1 9 4 1 0 — 52 ------2
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261
JOB TENURE OF AM ERICAN W O R K E R S
long-term association with the same employer.
This is illustrated by the position of the three
skill levels which bulk so large in the Nation’s
factories—the skilled (craftsmen), semiskilled
(operatives), and unskilled (nonfarm laborers)—
as well as the position of the service groups,
shown in table 2.
Occupational Changes by Age
Job tenure among younger persons, especially
boys and girls in their teens, is of course very
short. Many of them are holding only part-time
or intermittent jobs while attending school, and
those who are full-time members of the labor
force are concentrated in entry occupations in
which job-holding is characteristically short.
Almost 50 percent of the teen-age boys employed
in January 1951 were working in unskilled jobs as
service employees or laborers, both on and off the
farm. (See table 3.) Another substantial proT able 3. — Occupational distribution of employed popula
tion, by age and sex, January 1951
Percent distribution by age (in years)
Major occupational group
and sex
65
All
ages 14-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 and
over
Men
Professional, technical work
ers_______________________
Farmers and farm managers—
Managers, officials, proprie
tors, except farm---------------Clerical and kindred workers..
Sales workers_______________
Craftsmen, foremen, and kin
dred workers______________
Operatives and kindred work
ers_______________________
Private household workers___
Service workers, except house
hold______________________
Farm laborers and foremen__
Laborers except farm________
Total.................................
7
9
(9
2
5
4
10
6
8
8
7
10
6
13
5
24
12
7
5
1
7
15
3
10
6
9
8
6
15
6
5
17
6
4
17
5
4
17
5
4
15
19
4
15
20
22
22
20
22
0)
22
33
26
21
17
15
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
6
4
9
10
22
17
5
6
13
4
2
9
5
3
7
7
2
8
10
2
8
10
4
7
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
11
1
4
13
(9
(9
10
1
12
1
11
2
9
2
7
4
5
27
8
(9
l
45
6
4
32
7
7
24
7
9
19
9
9
14
8
7
7
9
1
(9
1
2
2
2
2
21
11
11
18
20
4
24
7
23
10
22
10
19
17
9
(9
Women
Professional, technical work
ers—
Farmers and farm managers...
Managers, officials, proprieetors, except farm-------------Clerical and kindred workers..
Sales workers_______________
Craftsmen, foremen, and kin
dred workers______________
Operatives and kindred work
ers-. —
Private household workers___
Service workers, except house
hold______________________
Farm laborers and foremen—
Laborers, except fa r m .............
12
3
14
3
8
1
11
2
11
3
13
3
17
3
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
Total............. .....................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
i Less than 1 percent.
36
14
(9
13
29
20
4
262
JOB TEN U RE OF A M ERICAN W O R K E R S
portion (22 percent) were working in semiskilled
operative jobs. Among the girls in this age group,
concentration within a few occupational groups is
also evident. One out of three was working in a
clerical capacity; an almost equal proportion were
employed as service workers, including private
household work.
The interaction of age, sex, and occupational
distribution, indicated by table 3, shows very
clearly the variation in occupational composition
with age. Thus, the age group 20-24 years, with
more education, training, and work experience,
already shows a marked difference in occupational
distribution from the teen-age group. The differ
ence is especially noticeable in the reduction in
the proportion of both men and women employed
in unskilled jobs. For example, the proportion
of men 20 to 24 years of age in laborer (farm and
nonfarm) or service jobs was half that of the group
14 to 19 years. Similarly, there was a reduction
of the number of women in service jobs (including
private household) from 32 percent in the age
group 14 to 19 years to only 12 percent among
those 20 to 24 years old. On the other hand,
somewhat higher proportions begin to appear in
the professional, managerial, and craft groups.
In the groups beginning with age 35 and ending
with age 64, the occupational distribution shows
little change and is characteristic of the pattern of
work among adult members of the labor force.
Changes again become marked among men 65
years and older: higher proportions reappear
among the unskilled groups and, of course, the
proportions in the self-employed and managerial
categories, especially on the farm, become sig
nificant. Among the older women, too, there is a
very noticeable reappearance of a substantial pro
portion of workers employed in unskilled service
jobs and a corresponding decrease in such cate
gories as clerical and semiskilled operative work.
Errata
In the article, “Survey of Consumer Expenditures in 1950,” which appeared
in the August 1952 Monthly Labor Review, pages 125-133, several clerical
errors occurred in the figures.
On page 125, paragraph 2, the figure for the preliminary estimate of total
average outlay of urban families of two or more persons was given in error.
The figure given was $4,700; the correct figure should be $4,550 (rounded
from $4,539). The percentages relating outlay to income on this same page
were, however, correct, since they were based on the correct outlay figure
of $4,550.
On page 126, paragraph 2, the percentages of the consumer units drawn in
the sample who did not report were given slightly in error. The correct
rounded percentages should be: about 4 percent of consumer units did not
meet the eligibility requirements defined for the survey; 10 percent furnished
incomplete or otherwise unusable information; 6 percent refused to be inter
viewed; and 4 percent could not be found at home after repeated visits.
It should be emphasized that all the figures presented in the article are
p r e lim in a r y and are subject to later correction, as final results are tabulated
and adjusted for the variations among cities, among occupational groups,
and among income classes, in the percentage of consumers’ units unable or
unwilling to provide information on their income and expenditures. The
estimates for the average of the 91 cities, presented on page 125, are also the
results of preliminary, unadjusted calculations. A technical discussion of the
consumer expenditure data from this survey will appear in the October Review
and copies of this article can be obtained before publication upon request.
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Labor Requirements
• for Building
Air Force Housing
K athryn R. M urphy
^
»
and
E dward M. G ordon*
H ousing construction for troop personnel is a
limiting factor in the expansion of the Armed
Forces in the early stages of mobilization. The
military-recruitment program caused by the Ko
rean crisis focused attention on the imperative
need for additional troop housing. During 1951
and the first quarter of 1952, over 15 percent of the
value of all contracts awarded for military and
naval construction was to alleviate this need for
troop housing.
To provide information of use in formulating
policies aimed at the most effective use of the labor
force in periods of defense mobilization, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics is developing patterns of labor
requirements for selected types of construction
projects. The first in this series of labor patterns
is for military barracks of the Air Force dormitory
type.1 A related aspect of programming largescale military mobilization involves deciding
whether military service for workers with certain
skills—for example, carpenters—should be deferred
until their work as civilians expanding the military
plant tapers off. Especially important in the re
cruitment problem is the amassing of labor to
build the military plant.
Study of the case histories of three military
building projects for Air Force personnel suggests
that while size of project made little difference in
the length of time required for construction, it did
affect the efficiency with which labor was utilized.
The smallest project was 99 percent complete at
the end of 34 weeks. But the largest took 7 weeks
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
less to reach that stage of completion. On the
other hand, the number of man-hours (115,000)
required for each $1,000,000 of construction on the
largest project was almost 20 percent less than on
the smallest, and the value of work put in place
per man-hour 2 ($8.69) was 25 percent greater.
The study reveals further that the majority of
the site workers engaged in constructing Air Force
housing were in the skilled trades and that car
penters were the largest single occupational group.
In addition, there was a generally consistent pat
tern of employment, despite weather conditions
and problems of prompt delivery of material and
equipment. This pattern was characterized by a
rapid expansion of the labor force a few weeks after
construction started, with four-fifths or more of the
total site employment concentrated in half the
entire period of construction.
Development of Labor Patterns
Labor patterns summarize the number of various
types of workers employed at the construction site
each week from the beginning to the completion of
construction. The patterns for federally financed
projects are obtained by analyzing the weekly pay
rolls which contractors and subcontractors submit
in compliance with the Prevailing Wage (DavisBacon) Act.
The payrolls cover all site workers employed on
a single contract which may include a variety of
buildings and facilities. Dormitory-type barracks
are the major unit of troop housing included in the
three contracts under study. Dormitories repre
sented approximately 80 percent of the value of the
contracts for Projects A and C, which included also
such related construction as mess and administra
tion buildings, Bachelor Officers Quarters, and some
utilities, roads, sidewalks, and parking areas which
are listed in table 1. The contract for Project B
was for dormitories exclusively.
*Of the Bureau’s Division of Construction Statistics.
1 The 19 troop housing projects being studied by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (completed in 1951 and early 1952) include the Air Force 25year dormitories and Army 25-year barracks, to form part of the country’s
permanent standing defense installation, and the more temporary airmen’s
10-year dormitories. The labor patterns presented in this article have been
developed from payrolls submitted to Army Engineers in charge of 25-year
projects at three established Air Force bases in different sections of the United
States. These patterns will later be combined with those in preparation for
other projects to obtain labor patterns for all types of troop housing.
2 Obtained by dividing the v lue of contracts for construction and equip
ment by the number of man-hours worked on the project site.
263
264
L AB O R R EQ U IR EM EN TS FOR A IR FORCE HOUSING
MONTHLY LABOR
each occupant. Toilet rooms contain shower
stalls and have tile floors, ceramic tile wainscoting,
and plastered upper walls and ceilings.
Labor Requirements and Cost
Dormitory Characteristics
The 25-year dormitories studied are two-story
buildings with partial basements containing laun
dry, storage, and utility rooms. Heating equip
ment may be in the basement or upper floors,
depending on the type of heating system used.
The buildings are of frame construction, with
concrete and masonry foundations and basements.
The outside walls are asbestos shingle siding over
wood sheathing. Double-hung wooden frame
windows are used on the first and second floors, the
basement windows are steel-frame. The roofs,
which are almost flat, have a built-up surface of
gravel and pitch and are insulated.
Wood is used extensively for the interior finish
of the living quarters. Floors are wood covered
with asphalt tile. Walls of the bedrooms, lounges,
and hallways combine hardwood or plywood wain
scoting with a painted wallboard finish on the
upper walls and ceilings. Plywood and wood
cabinets, drawers, and shelves in the bedrooms
provide individual wardrobe and closet space for
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Although individual contractor’s and worker’s
performance are important factors in cost, experi
ence on the three troop-housing projects suggests
that labor was utilized more efficiently as the num
ber of dormitory buildings covered by the contract
increased. The value of work put in place per
man-hour was $8.69 on Project A with 25 dormi
tory units and some mess facilities and utilities,
$7.54 on Project B with 17 dormitories, and $6.92
on Project C which included 4 dormitories, mess
facilities, and BOQ’s (table 1). The man-hours
required to complete $1,000,000 of work rose from
115.000 on Project A to 133,000 on Project B and
145.000 on Project C.
Moreover, the ratio of labor cost to total con
tract value increased from 22.1 percent (Project A)
to 27.7 percent (Project B) and 30.7 percent (Pro
ject C). The relatively low ratio of Project A
compared to the other two projects can be attrib
uted to its lower average hourly earnings. How
ever, when hourly earnings on all projects were
assumed to be the same as on Project A—$1.92—
the ratios of payrolls to total contract value would
still vary from 22.1 percent on A to 25.6 percent
on B and 27.8 percent on C.
Sum m ary of contract value, amount of earnings,
and employment on selected [contracts for A ir Force
housing, 1951
T a b l e 1—
Item
Project A Project B Project C
Contract a m o u n t1______________________ $3,146,000 $1,898,000
Percent of contract amount tor specified
facilities:
Airmen’s dormitories________________
100
Mess and administration buildings___
0
Bachelor Officers Quarters____________
0
Other buildings_____________________
0
Utilities; roads, sidewalks, parking
areas, etc_________________________
All facilities_________________________
100
$829, 000
100
Number of 75-man dormitory buildings.......
Employm ent and earnings at construction
site:
Number of m an-weeks2______________
Number of man-hours worked________
Total earnings (site pay rolls)_________
Average hourly earnings_____________
Average hours worked per w eek______
Percent earnings of contract amount______
Value of work placed per man-hour_______
Man-hours per $1,000,000 of construction cost
9,605
362, 200
$696,100
$1.92
37.7
6,095
251, 700
$525, 600
$2.09
41.3
3,570
119,800
$254,300
22.1
27.7
$7.54
133,000
30.7
$6.92
145,000
$8.69
115,000
1 Includes the cost of construction and fixed equipment.
2 Represents the number of workers shown on weekly pay rolls.
$2.12
33.6
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T a b l e 2.— Distribution of man-weeks of labor at construction
site, selected contracts for A ir Force housing, 1951
Percent of total man-weeks
worked on—
Occupation
Project
A
Project
B
Project
C
97.3
96.2
95.7
Skilled (including foremen and apprentices)_____________________________
Bricklayer... _ __________ ______
Carpenter___________ ________. . .
Cement finisher_____ __________
Electrician____ __________________
Iron worker_____ ________________
Lather___
________ ___ _
Operating engineer___ ___________
Painter.. . . _________
_____.
Pipe fitter_______________________
Plasterer_______________________
Plumber____ . . .
. . . ____ . .
Roofer____________ _________ . . .
Sheet metal worker________ _____
Tile setter_________ ______ _______
All other skilled_______________ ..
51.9
.9
27.0
1.7
3.0
1.1
.5
1.1
5.4
(2)
.8
6.2
1.5
1.7
1.0
0
59.9
1.8
38.6
.8
1 1.6
(2)
.4
.4
8.1
1 1.9
.9
13.2
1.3
.3
.4
.2
71.3
1.0
40.7
1.4
3.9
2.0
(2)
1.0
8.9
4.2
.7
4.9
1.2
.3
(2)
1.1
Journeymen: Total______________
Apprentices: T otal__________ ____
48.0
3.9
58.8
1.1
68.4
2.9
Semiskilled and laborers______________
45.4
136.3
24.4
Nonmanual workers___________________ .
2.7
3.8
4.3
Total workers____ _________________
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total man-weeks of labor3_________ _ . . .
9,605
6,095
3,570
M anual workers______ ____ _____________
proportions of carpenters ranged from 27 percent
of all workers on Project A to approximately 40
percent on the other two projects. Project A had
the highest ratio of laborers, many of whom were
probably engaged on carpentry jobs. On all three
projects, carpenters outnumbered by approxi
mately 4 to 1 the next largest skilled group—
plumbers on Project A, and painters on Projects
B and C (table 2). Sizable numbers of pipefitters
were employed on the dormitories on the two bases
using steam heat. For the third base, using forced
air gas heat with a duct system, the payrolls
showed few pipefitters but a comparatively high
proportion of sheet metal workers.
T a b l e 3. — Distribution of man-weeks of labor at construction
site by 'period of operation, selected contracts for A ir Force
housing, 1951
Man-weeks i of labor
Week 2 or period 3 of
operation
Total man-weeks_____
• Nine percent of the workers on this contract were classified as helpers
which was higher than the proportion of helpers on the other two contracts.
The craft distribution of helpers was as follows: electricians, 2.0 percent;
pipefitters, 2.7 percent; plumbers, 3.1 percent; all others, 1.2 percent.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.
3 Number of workers shown on weekly payrolls.
Occupational Distribution
The majority of workers constructing troop
housing were in the skilled trades (table 2). Pay
rolls for the three projects showed considerable
variation, however, in the proportion of skilled
workers used—52 percent on Project A, 60 percent
on Project B, and over 71 percent on Project C.
Project A also showed the highest proportion of
apprentices among its skilled workers—1 appren
tice for every 12 journeymen, as contrasted with
1 for every 57 on Project B, and 1 for every 23 on
Project C. The proportion of semiskilled workers
and laborers on Project A was almost double that
on Project C.
Such differences in the proportions of skilled and
unskilled workers employed on the same type of
construction may be explained to some extent by
local practice in the division of work, which arises
often from variation in the extent of unionization
in different sections of the country, and in the
availability of certain types of skilled workers.
Carpenters were by far the largest group of
skilled workers on these projects where woodframe was the basic type of construction. The
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265
LAB O R REQ U IREM EN TS FOR A IR FORCE HOUSING
Project Project Project
B
C
A
9,605
6,095
3, 570
Percent of total
First________________
Second____
____ _.
Third_______________
Fourth_____________
Fifth___ ____________
Sixth___ . . .
Seventh____ _______
E ighth—
N inth_______________
Tenth ------------- -----Eleventh __________
T w elfth... _ .
Thirteenth.—
Fourteenth__________
Sixteenth____________
Seventeenth________
Eighteenth__________
Nineteenth ________
Tw entieth.
_____
Twenty-first
____
Twenty-second-----Twenty-third. ______
Twenty-fourth
-.
Twenty-fifth_________
Twenty-sixth________
Twenty-seventh______
Twenty-eighth----------Twenty-ninth _____
Thirtieth__ . . .
__
Remaining weeks____
Project Project Project
B
C
A
9,605
6,095
3,570
Cumulative percent
1.0
1.8
2.5
3.8
5.6
6.8
6.6
5.9
6.7
6.7
6.5
5.7
5. 1
4.6
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.3
3. 1
2.5
2.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.0
.8
.5
.2
.1
.2
.6
0.2
1.0
1.9
2.7
3.2
3.4
4.7
5. 1
5.9
5.6
5.8
6.1
6.4
6.5
6.0
5.4
4.8
4.4
4.0
3.4
3.2
2.9
1.7
1.8
1.2
.9
.5
.3
.1
.6
.3
0.2
.8
1.7
1.6
2.2
3.0
3.8
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.6
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.1
3.8
4. 2
4.0
4.1
4. 1
3.8
3.5
3.3
2.4
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
3.7
T o ta l-a ll weeks 2—
100.0
100.0
100.0
First________________
Second______________
Third_______________
Fourth___ _______ _
Fifth________________
Sixth _ .
- ___
Seventh— - - _____
Eighth__ - - _______
N inth_______________
T enth______ ________
7.4
21.6
23.0
18.0
15.0
8.0
5.0
1.0
.5
.5
4.3
11.7
17.7
20.7
17.1
13.9
8.9
4.0
.9
.8
4.3
13.6
18.9
18.0
16.1
14.7
7.7
4.8
1.5
.4
Total—all periods..
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
2.8
5.3
9.1
14.7
21.5
28.1
34.0
40.7
47.4
53.9
59.6
64.7
69.3
73.5
77.6
81.3
84.6
87.7
90.2
92.6
94.0
95.3
96.6
97.6
98.4
98.9
99.1
99.2
99.4
100.0
0.2
1.2
3.1
5.8
9.0
12.4
17.1
22.2
28.1
33.7
39.5
45.6
52.0
58.5
64.5
69.9
74.7
79.1
83.1
86.5
89.7
92.6
94.3
96.1
97.3
98.2
98.7
99.0
99. 1
99.7
100.0
0.2
1.0
2.7
4.3
6.5
9.5
13.3
17.9
22.4
27.2
31.8
36.8
41.5
46.2
50.7
54.8
58.6
62.8
66.8
70.9
75.0
78.8
82.3
85.6
88.0
89.9
91.6
93.3
94.8
96.3
100.0
7.4
29.0
52.0
70.0
85.0
93.0
98.0
99.0
99.5
100.0
4.3
16.0
33.7
54.4
71.5
85.4
94.3
98.3
99.2
100.0
4.3
17.9
36.8
54.8
70.9
85.6
93.3
98.1
99.6
100.0
• Number of workers shown on weekly payrolls.
2 Weeks of operation are payroll weeks regardless of the amount of work
performed during any 1 week.
3 Each period represents 10 percent of elapsed time from beginning to
completion of construction.
266
MONTHLY LABOR
LAB O R R EQ U IR EM EN TS FOR A IR FORCE HOUSING
filling, and similar jobs for which a later comple
tion date was set.
Contracts for the three dormitory projects
under study were awarded in February, April,
and May, 1951. Most of the work was scheduled
to be completed within 150 calendar days after
the contract-award date. The original comple
tion date for each contract was subsequently
extended as delays due to inclement weather and
inability to obtain materials and equipment
developed.
Actually the elapsed time from the beginning
to completion of construction on the three proj
ects ranged from 33 to 44 weeks. By and large,
size of project made little difference in the time
required for substantial completion. All three
Construction Time and Progress
Speed was a prime consideration in the con
struction of troop housing, undertaken after the
outbreak of hostilities in Korea. The contracts
required that work was to begin within 10 days
after the award date. They further specified
that the contractors were to use night shifts and
overtime operations if necessary to maintain the
approved progress schedules. Some contracts set
‘‘Beneficial Occupancy” dates, prior to comple
tion dates, for part of the buildings. Under such
arrangements, the Air Force was to be able to
use some dormitories for sleeping quarters by a
certain date, while the contractor continued work
on the exterior painting, basements, grading and
T a ble 4. — Number of man-weeks of labor at construction site for major occupational groups, by week of operation, selected
contracts for A ir Force housing, 1951
Number of man-weeks i worked by workers in selected occupations
Semi
Paint Plumb skilled
and
ers
ers
labor
ers
Total
all
work
ers 3
Car
pen
ters
Elec
tri
cians
Total—all w eeks... 9, 605
2, 596
284
514
596
94
175
244
364
535
647
634
564
641
645
627
550
490
445
400
396
356
314
296
242
229
139
119
120
96
77
45
23
12
23
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
4
28
34
47
71
139
224
220
218
227
218
194
178
146
121
110
97
83
57
53
42
23
21
18
11
10
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
o
18
12
6
2
o
o
0
3
0
0
2
11
19
16
16
15
15
15
12
13
13
15
16
15
20
14
12
16
7
5
4
4
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
4
13
22
0
34
47
53
29
32
39
28
35
39
27
25
30
18
3
2
4
8
12
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
3
4
10
10
13
11
15
24
26
27
34
37
32
34
35
30
31
33
32
30
30
18
13
11
12
10
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
8
12
7
0
0
First.
______
Second---------------T hird___________
Fourth__________
F ifth____________
Sixth-----------------Seventh-------------E ighth---------------N in th ----------------T en th. _________
E leventh________
T w elfth-------------Thirteenth_______
Fourteenth___
Fifteenth________
Sixteenth . . . ___
Seventeenth______
Eighteenth ............
N ineteenth______
T w entieth_______
T w enty-first..........
Twenty-second___
Twenty-third____
Twenty-fourth___
T w enty-fifth_____
Twenty-sixth____
Twenty-seventh. -.
Twenty-eighth____
T w enty-ninth____
Thirtieth_______-Thirty-first______
Thirty-second____
Thirty-third_____
Thirty-seventh___
4,360
50
120
155
224
306
317
287
245
274
266
262
229
200
180
160
159
139
132
127
88
103
73
62
60
46
30
17
13
9
16
0
0
0
o
o
o
0
o
0
3
2
2
4
0
Semi Total
Elec Paint Plumb skilled
all
and
tri
ers
ers
labor work
cians
ers 3
ers
Total
ail
work
ers 3
Car
pen
ters
6,095
2,354
95
493
195
2, 209
10
61
118
162
193
207
287
313
360
341
355
372
393
397
365
327
293
270
243
208
192
175
105
112
73
53
30
16
8
40
0
11
5
5
26
45
55
76
88
118
127
144
148
155
152
164
165
157
145
117
107
100
78
56
50
14
23
9
13
10
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
3
7
7
8
5
5
7
4
4
4
4
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
6
4
6
6
9
8
8
8
8
9
9
8
10
10
8
13
10
13
12
6
6
4
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
27
56
84
91
92
133
141
166
135
130
137
132
129
110
93
84
70
68
58
70
54
34
37
21
17
9
4
1
18
0
4
2
1 Number of workers shown on weekly payrolls.
2 Weeks of operation are payroll weeks, regardless of the amount of work
performed during any one week.
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Project C
Project B
Project A
W eek3of operation
0
0
0
3
5
8
22
25
30
36
36
41
44
46
33
34
33
32
23
20
15
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Semi
Paint Plumb skilled
and
ers
ers
labor
ers
Car
pen
ters
Elec
tri
cians
3,570
1,454
138
318
173
6
30
59
58
77
109
135
165
161
172
166
178
167
168
161
146
135
150
142
147
147
135
127
118
85
67
61
62
53
52
36
27
25
15
7
5
5
4
7
2
11
24
25
34
42
56
68
76
79
76
77
78
81
72
61
56
63
65
67
69
61
54
56
30
21
12
9
9
14
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
6
6
6
5
14
14
15
19
20
19
21
21
20
28
25
17
16
10
10
8
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3 Includes both manual and nonmanual workers.
1
1
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
4
3
4
4
4
6
7
4
4
4
5
4
3
2
5
5
4
4
5
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
5
0
0
0
3
2
5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
8
8
4
5
7
7
7
7
5
5
2
2
2
1
0
0
871
2
14
28
25
31
41
52
58
57
57
52
50
48
50
48
37
33
26
22
26
23
21
17
12
9
8
5
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
LABO R REQ U IREM EN TS FOR A IR FORCE HOUSING
projects reached 99 percent of completion between
the 27th and 34th week of operation. After this
point, a few workers would be on the payroll for
6 weeks or longer before the projects were entirely
completed. The final 1 percent of the work on
the largest project (A) was spread over 17 weeks
while the contractor was waiting delivery of
kitchen equipment to be installed in the mess.
Size, however, affected employment levels over
the life of the contract. The work was accom
plished in approximately the same time regard
less of the project size by recruiting labor more
heavily on the larger projects during peak con
struction periods and by the use of extensive
overtime. Peak employment on the largest proj
ect was about 650 workers, compared with a
maximum force of about 180 on the smallest.
The labor patterns for these projects all show
a rapid buildup of the work force. The bulk of
the employment was concentrated in about half
the life of the contract and for the balance of the
time a relatively small force was on the payroll.
Maximum employment for a single week was 6.8
percent of the total man-weeks worked on Project
A and occurred in the sixth week; on Project B,
6.5 percent in the 14th week; on Project C, 5.0
percent in the 12th week. Detailed progress
reports obtained for two projects indicated that
if distributions of man-hours worked were avail
able they would show an even greater intensity
of activity at the height of construction than do
the employment figures. Contractors not only
increased the number of men on the job but also
scheduled workweeks of 60 to 68 hours to get back
on schedule after they were held up because of
bad weather or lack of material.
To facilitate comparison of progress on the
three contracts, the number of weeks that con
struction was under way on each contract was
divided into 10 periods as shown in the lower sec
tion of table 3. Employment was relatively low
during the initial tenth of the operation on all
three projects when materials, equipment, and
workers were being assembled for the job. At
least 80 percent of the employment on each proj
ect was concentrated in the second through the
sixth periods. Seven to 14 percent of the employ
ment on the three troop-housing projects was
spread over the remaining 40 percent of the
construction time.
When the basements were being excavated and
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267
the foundations prepared, all three projects em
ployed small crews consisting almost exclusively
of machine operators, carpenters, and laborers.
The two larger projects had a few plumbers
roughing in plumbing during this initial period
(table 4). By the fifth week, as framing got under
way, the number of carpenters on the job began
increasing rapidly. At the same time, increasing
numbers of other types of skilled workers were
brought on the job for the wiring, plumbing, insu
lating, and interior finish. On these large-scale
projects of identical dormitories, some buildings
were virtually completed when others were in
earlier stages of construction.
During the next few weeks when framing, roof
ing, and siding operations were in full swing, over
all employment as well as the employment of car
penters and laborers was at its peak. Between the
10 and 15th weeks, lay-offs started for the two
major groups—carpenters and laborers—and total
employment began to taper off. Peak employ
ment for painters, plumbers, electricians, and most
of the other skilled trades came after employment
of carpenters and laborers had begun to decline.
This pattern shows up clearly in the accompanying
chart, which is based on figures in table 4 for
Project B, which consisted entirely of dormitories.
The experience on these three proj ects illustrates
the short period of employment on a particular
job and is characteristic of the work history of
large numbers of workers in the building construc
tion industry. On the largest project over 200
carpenters were on the payrolls from the 6th
through the 10th week after construction started;
by the 16th week the number of carpenters had
been reduced to less than 100. Concurrently, the
number of semiskilled and unskilled workers de
clined from over 300 to approximately 160.
Progress reports available for two projects indi
cated that contractors experienced little difficulty
in expanding employment rapidly when equipment
and materials were on hand and weather condi
tions were favorable.
Approximately three-fifths of the workers em
ployed on the troop-housing projects studied were
on the prime contractors’ payrolls. This is in
line with general experience in many types of
building construction. The balance of the labor
force was scattered among about a dozen sub
contractors on each project (table 5). The prime
contractor hired virtually all of the carpenters and
LABOR REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR FORCE HOUSING
268
T a ble 5.— Employment, hours, and earnings at construction
site, by type of contractor, selected contracts for A ir Force
housing, 1951
Percent Df total—
Type of contractor
Manweeks 1
M an
hours
Average Average Average
weekly hourly weekly
hours earnings earnings
Project A
All contractors................... .
100.0
100.0
37.7
$1.92
Prime contractor... ______
S elected subcontractors:
Electrical____________
Lathing______________
Plastering____________
Painting__ __________
Plumbing and heating------------------------R oofin g... __ _______
Sheet metal work_____
Wallboard installation.
58.4
62.0
40.0
1.86
74.32
3.1
0.7
1.3
10.1
3.1
0.6
1.0
8.3
37.1
34.3
29.4
30.9
2.34
3.14
2.42
1.73
86.83
107. 51
70.93
53.35
8.3
2.8
2.4
1.4
8.7
2.1
2.2.
1.4
39.6
28.2
34.9
39.2
2.53
1.28
2.13
2.31
100.11
36.14
74. 28
90.72
$72.48
Project B
All contractors------- ---------
100.0
100.0
41.3
$2.09
$86. 25
Prime contractor____ . . .
S elected subcontractors:
Electrical____________
Lathing and plastering.. .
Painting___ . . . _____
Plumbing and heating------------------------Roofing_______ _ ____
Sheet metal work_____
Wallboard installation.
63.5
63.8
41.5
2.06
85.45
3.9
2.4
7.3
3.2
1.4
7.9
33.4
24.6
45.1
1.96
2.19
2.07
65.38
53.88
93.51
12.2
3.2
0.4
1.2
13.0
3.2
0.3
1.6
44.3
40.8
28.2
56.0
2.16
2. 42
2.13
2.24
95. 72
98.79
60.16
125.46
Project C
All contractors___________
100.0
100.0
33.6
$2.12
$71. 25
Prime contractor_________
S elected subcontractors:
Electrical____________
P aintin g.. _ ________
Plumbing. __ _______
Roofing and sheet
m e ta lw o r k ____ . . .
Wallboard installation.
66.8
66.8
33.6
2.06
68.99
3.9
6.2
9.2
3.6
6.6
10.0
31.1
35.6
36.6
2. 47
1.97
2.43
76.96
70.02
88.80
2.1
7.2
1.5
8.0
24.0
37.1
2. 24
2.08
53.93
77.33
1 Number of workers shown on weekly payrolls.
most of the laborers. The largest subcontracts
were for painting, plumbing and heating, and
electrical work.
Hours and Earnings
Wage rates on troop-housing construction were
based on wage determinations of the Secretary of
Labor as provided in the Prevailing Wage Act and
reflect local labor market conditions. Rates paid
for laborers varied considerably on the three proj
ects as follows: $0.97 (later raised to $1.06) on
Project A; $1.15 on Project B; and $1.52 on Project
C. The rates for the major groups of skilled
workers on these three widely scattered projects
varied somewhat less. The modal hourly rates for
carpenters were $2,125 on two projects and $2.20
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on the third. Painters were paid $2.00 per hour on
two projects and $2,275 on the other. Rates for
electricians varied more—from $2.15 to $2.50.
The range for plumbers was from $2.25 to $2,625.
In general, the rates paid were higher than those
predetermined under the Prevailing Wage Act.
Average hours worked per week on construction
varied from 33.6 for Project C to 41.3 for Project
B. Forty hours is the regularly scheduled work
week for construction workers. To maintain an
average of 40 hours or longer for 30 or more weeks
involves overtime on a large scale for considerable
periods to offset the inevitable time lost due to
bad weather or when materials or equipment do
not arrive as scheduled. The prime contractors
on Projects A and B averaged 40 hours or more
per week. For part of the time, the scheduled
week was 68 hours—six 10-hour days with 8 hours
on Sunday. Several subcontractors, especially on
Project B, averaged 40 hours or more. On
Project C, the over-all average was lowered by
the relatively short workweek (under 30 hours, on
the average) during the first 7 weeks and the last
10 weeks of the construction period.
Generally subcontractors’ average workweeks
tended to be lower than the prime contractors’ on
these projects, particularly on the smaller sub
contracts. For example, it might take the
plasterers only 3 or 4 days to finish one group of
dormitories, and they would return for another
partial week when work on other buildings had
progressed to the plastering stage.
Average hourly earnings, including overtime,
ranged from $1.92 on Project A to $2.12 on
Project C. Hourly earnings for employees of the
prime contractors were $1.86 on Project A and
$2.06 on the other two projects. The lower
average on Project A resulted from the relatively
high proportion of laborers employed. In most
instances, the average hourly earnings on sub
contractors’ pay rolls were below the occupational
wage rates for the trade because of the inclusion
of helpers and laborers. Occasionally overtime
resulted in earnings averaging somewhat higher
than the hourly rates.
Highest average weekly earnings were $86.25
on Project B, where the workweek averaged over
41 hours. On the other two projects average
weekly earnings amounted to approximately $72.
Labor and the
Savannah River
AEC Project: Part IV
M. M ead Smith *
E ditor ’s N ote .— This
installment brings to a close
the article examining the effect on the surrounding
community of the construction of the South Caro
lina atomic energy project. The first three parts
explored problems of manpower, and wages, union
ization, and housing. All four parts will be
reprinted as a single bulletin which, it is hoped,
will usefully portray the more serious social and
economic problems engendered by such situations
and which may help guide appropriate officials to
easier solutions.
IV—Community Facilities and
Social Changes
were crowded in November 1951, and
water, sewage, and other community facilities
were heavily loaded in the Savannah River Plant
(SRP) communities,1 regardless of size: the larger
communities, although having more extensive
facilities, had absorbed major population increases;
the smaller towns had more limited facilities with
which to meet the needs of even small population
additions. But expected social problems had not
been encountered, and piecemeal actions to meet
particular needs as they arose had made it possible
to absorb, without major dislocations, the more
than 10,000 SRP in-migrant workers and those
family members accompanying them. The fact
that problems had not yet “lived up to expecta
S chools
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tions” was attributed by some observers to the
SRP hiring delay (see Part I, Monthly Labor
Review, June 1952, p. 631). Serious dislocations
were expected when the construction force again
rose sharply and as the proportion of in-migrant
workers increased. Yet local leaders repeatedly
commented that “you just can’t tell what people
will decide to do.”
Planning for broad expansion of facilities was
considerable throughout 1951, particularly in
Barnwell and Augusta, where long-term develop
ment and industrialization were being promoted.
Most of the plans, however, depended on special
Federal aid to defense communities over and above
established Federal assistance to the States—and
such aid proved disappointingly small when
finally authorized in the fall of the year. Pro
grams were being adjusted accordingly, at the
time of this study.
Being designed to meet the immediate and
future needs of project personnel only, most of the
SRP-incurred expansion was not expected to im
prove existing conditions. Nevertheless, some
long-term improvement would inevitably result,
local sources pointed out, either because additions
were permanent by nature (whether intended to
meet temporary or permanent needs) or because
they were better than facilities previously in use.
In the larger communities, emphasis was placed
on construction of permanent rather than tem
porary facilities, including housing as noted
previously. Further, leaders in both Aiken and
Augusta anticipated that the newcomers would
make important contributions socially and cultur
ally as well as through added business. In
contrast, some observers anticipated that the
smaller towns would have little but a transitory
business expansion to compensate for the “head
aches” of a large-scale influx occuring chiefly
during the period of temporary housing availability
(see Part III, MLR, August 1952, p. 158).
Community Facilities
Individual evaluations varied widely on the
current, as well as pre-project, status of community
facilities—depending, apparently, on the individ*Of the Bureau’s Office of Publications.
1
Conditions in the site towns of Ellenton and Dunbarton or the “n ew ly
grown” communities of Jackson and N ew Ellenton in general are not covered
in this survey.
269
270
SAVAN NAH R IV E R AEC PRO JE CT
ual’s viewpoint on Federal aid, long-term de
velopment, the urgency of any existing sub
standard conditions, and other such factors.
Furthermore, since difficulties had not been as
severe by November 1951 as had been predicted,
some sources concluded that the problem had
been altogether exaggerated; they judged the
adequancy of existing facilities accordingly, even
though the SRP construction force was far from
peak size. One Aiken union official, who had
been at the Oak Ridge atomic energy project
throughout its construction, was highly critical
of AEC’s decision against providing a Government
town, comparing SRP conditions most unfavorably
with those at the Tennessee installation.
AEC testimony before a Congressional com
mittee in March 1951 indicated that preliminary
review of existing hospitals, schools, sewage
disposal systems, and water supply revealed
existing facilities “taxed almost to capacity.”
Most of the communities were, however, slow to
act. An Aiken resident, active in civic affairs,
pointed out that the SRP had “come as such a
shock,” and that AEC in the early days had been
unable to give them information on what had
been done. (Several others criticized AEC
sharply for moving in without any advance
planning or forewarning.) The “terrible period”
immediately after the SRP announcement had
provided both Aiken and Augusta with a preview
of the possible problems, but the difficulties
inherent in planning for future action were
enormous.
Planning Problems. Although all community
planning for facilities expansion depended on the
location of the newcomers, it was impossible
to predict with any degree of certainty the size,
character, timing, and distribution of total
population increases. AEC provided estimates
of project manpower totals and the proportion
of workers expected to be in-migrants (estimated
to be 70 percent at peak); as a basis for planning
school and housing expansion, estimates were also
made of the probable family breakdown of workers
(assuming that 60 percent of construction and a
somewhat higher proportion of operations per
sonnel would have families) and the probable total
number of persons involved (applying the na
tional average of 3.5 persons per family). The
obvious uncertainties inherent in these estimates
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were augmented by such complications as the
in-migrant turn-over rate; the number of in
migrants seeking jobs but not getting them; the
question of whether family members other than
the head of the household would work; the
extent to which workers’ needs would be met
by expansion of existing businesses rather than
by new commercial ventures; and, for Augusta
primarily and the others indirectly, the simul
taneous expansion of Camp Gordon, the Augusta
Arsenal, and Veterans Administration hospital
facilities. (Local attitudes toward the SRP in
particular and long-term development in general
also helped to shape local expectations regarding
population inflow as well as community planning.)
Demonstrating the uncertainties of the situation
was the fact that estimates of the total influx at
peak construction ranged from under 60,000 to
over 180,000. (These forecasts were for the entire
SRP area, including nearby Georgia and South
Carolina counties less immediately affected than
the four referred to in this article; total 1950 popu
lation of this area was less than 400,000.) The
180,000 was a preliminary estimate prepared by
the Federal Security Agency (FSA) in connection
with a quick survey of local facilities, existing and
needed, made at the request of AEC in February
1951. SRP hiring had barely started; housing
plans were not definite; and much of the informa
tion on community facilities was of necessity based
on material furnished by local officials. Therefore,
when the report was submitted to Congress at that
time, FSA labeled it preliminary, with estimates
subject to revision. It nevertheless received wide
publicity in the SRP area and was extensively used
in ensuing months by community officials, most of
whom were convinced by November 1951 that the
estimates were too high.
Lack of comprehensive and accurate information
on the capacity of existing facilities was a further
complication in planning. Moreover, an extremely
limited number of specialists trained in community
affairs was available in the area to plan or take ac
tion. As one observer pointed out, in a small
town the mayor was a businessman accustomed to
putting in perhaps a morning a week on city affairs,
and city council members were also untrained in
these fields; if the council finally reached a decision,
there was no one to carry it out. Financing was
also a serious problem for all the communities,
large and small. The bonded indebtedness of
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
SAVANNAH R IV E R AEG PRO JECT
Richmond County, for example, had already
reached its legal limit, according to local sources.
Help in assessing particular facilities and draw
ing up requests for Federal aid was provided by
such FSA agencies as the Office of Education and
the Public Health Service. Beginning in March
1951, the National Production Authority (NPA)
maintained local offices in the area to review
requests for priorities, such as for structural steel
for Richmond County schools and steel pipe for
water connections in Aiken; in June, NPA sent an
experienced construction engineer to the area to
-study needs for priorities in the community pro
gram. The Housing and Home Finance Agency
(HHFA) advanced interest-free loans for planning
a hospital in Barnwell and additions to North
Augusta schools and Aiken water supplies. Several
■of the communities hired private engineering firms
as consultants to survey and recommend action.
In addition, Augusta had a planning commissioner,
hired before the project announcement. Barnwell
employed a planning director early in 1951, who
resigned, however, at the end of the year, and had
not been replaced by mid-1952.
Coordination of planning was difficult—both
within and between communities. Administra
tive responsibility was divided between municipal,
county, and State authorities. In Augusta, for
example, city officials were responsible for water
and sewerage, roads, police, and recreation; the
hospital was owned by the city but run by a
separate authority; the county operated the
schools. The head of the city’s planning com
mission, in describing it to a reporter in October
1951, attributed its progress to a system he said
was unique: the mayor and the chairman of the
eounty commission served on the planning board
as voting members, correlating city and county
plans and activities. City-county cooperation
was good, he said, although at the time of this
survey instances of “jockeying for position”
between officials at different levels were cited, in
some fields, as increasing the difficulties of plan
ning and acting. Further, no single area agency
existed to plan for the increased social load, AEC
being restricted to supplying information and
cooperating in programs of local origin. (On
July 1, 1952, the Office of Defense Mobilization
designated a local representative to coordinate
Federal activities relating to housing and com
munity facilities and services in the area.)
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271
South Carolina leaders had also organized the
Western Carolina Council in the early summer of
1951, made up of representatives from cities and
towns in eight counties within a 50-mile radius of
the project. Established somewhat as a chamber
of commerce for the area, the Council planned to
work for civic, economic, and social welfare and
to provide a forum for combined efforts. At a
public meeting held by the Council in Aiken in
mid-November, the chairman reported that action
taken so far had consisted mainly of several
meetings, at which information had been ex
changed and a better understanding of mutual
problems had been attained. A committee on
welfare—first of a number planned on all types of
problems—had recently been established, with
representatives from each county and city. In
addition, the Council secretary had written
numerous letters to members of Congress and
other authorities on the need for Federal aid.
The possibility of special Federal aid, perhaps
the major factor slowing local action, influenced
all planning, and much of the initial activity of
community leaders was concentrated on esti
mating needs for such aid. In spite of AEC’s
repeated statement that provision of facilities for
project workers would be left to the communities,
the general tendency throughout the area was to
assume that extensive Federal aid would be
forthcoming. Local and South Carolina State
officials pointed out that they had not asked for
the project, nor even been consulted about it, and
therefore the Government was responsible for
providing funds to handle the problems created
thereby. Some communities even hoped for
sufficient Federal aid to make improvements
already needed before the SRP announcement.
In one town, for example, construction of a badly
needed Negro school was delayed in the hope that
it might be financed with Federal funds.
Existing Federal assistance, designed for long
term development, was largely limited to the inter
est-free loans by the HHFA for planning com
munity facilities and some aid for school and
hospital expansion. However, local expectations
were buttressed by Congressional consideration
of the draft Defense Housing and Community
Facilities and Services Act and by the recom
mendations for extensive aid made by Federal
agencies and community leaders at hearings held
in Washington and locally during the first several
272
SA VA N N A H R IV E R AEC PRO JE CT
months of 1951. Aid finally authorized under the
Act (see Part III, MLR, August 1952, p. 153) was
limited largely to water supply and sewerage and
refuse disposal facilities. (Some provision was
made for fire and police protection, and streets and
roads, but hospitals and health centers, recreation
facilities, and day-care centers were excluded.)
Total funds appropriated for defense areas
throughout the country were “ not enough for the
project area alone, even if we could get the whole
appropriation,” according to community leaders.2
One municipal official pointed out that if it had
been understood in the very beginning that no
Federal aid would be provided, “ things would have
been a lot better.” So far, he said, forecasts by
Federal agencies—as to the rate and size of inmigration, needs, and erection of the various tem
porary structures—had been wide of the mark,
and “ there has not been one penny of Federal
money spent in the area except on salaries and
expenses of Federal investigators and surveyors.”
As Congressional action was delayed throughout
the summer and it became apparent that little
aid would be authorized, community leaders
began to re-assess their plans in terms of what could
be accomplished with local and State resources,
supplemented by the limited Federal aid already
available. Re-evaluation was also being made in
the light of population increases to date. Various
comments in November 1951 suggested that the
extent of Federal responsibility, particularly for
temporary expansion, was still not clear. Some
observers continued to predict that action would
come for the most part only in response to prac
tical and immediate needs arising in the course of
the following few years. But others said that
the communities were now alert to the problems
and ready to act.
Municipal Services. All of the communities had
programs for expanding water and sewage systems
in November 1951, to be financed partly by them
selves and partly by Federal funds, and most had
begun to put these programs into effect. Enact
ment of the defense housing legislation had given
impetus to community action not only because of
the new Federal aid but also because adequate
basic facilities were required for the HHFA2
Congress initially appropriated $15,250,000, of which $4 million was allo
cated to FSA and the remainder to H H FA . Early in March 1952, FSA
announced that about half of the $4 million would go to the SR P communities.
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MONTHLY LABOR
programmed housing construction (see Part III,
MLR, August 1952, p. 153). Facilities for this
housing (which did not depend on the new Federal
aid but were to be financed locally) were expected
to be ready by the time the first units were com
pleted, sometime in the spring of 1952. Although
the Federal funds, available for subsequent ex
pansion, were limited, one Federal authority in
the area figured they would be adequate to meet
the most urgent needs—primarily water. Appli
cation forms and regulations for submitting re
quests for Federal aid were not available in
November. By mid-1952, some $5 million of
Federal assistance was reported to have been
approved by the HHFA and the FSA for waterand sewer-facility projects in SRP communities
(at an estimated total cost of nearly $10 million).
The concentration of SRP workers made the
water problem most acute in Augusta, North
Augusta, Aiken, and Barnwell at the time of this
survey. For most SRP communities, the water
problem was one of expanding treatment, pump
ing, storage, and distribution facilities. North
Augusta, however, was also without an adequate
water supply. Its water came from springs
which reportedly did not provide a sufficient
volume during the dry periods (at which time
water was obtained via a pipe line from Augusta),
and development of a new water supply from the
Savannah River was needed. A North Augusta
businessman said the town was ready to go ahead
with a complete revamping of the waterworks
when the project was announced and they had to
“scrap” the original plans. In November 1951,
town plans were once more complete, and the
town was awaiting defense housing funds (to cover
the cost above that originally planned) in order
to go ahead.
Both Barnwell and Aiken had employed consult
ing engineering firms early in 1951 to recommend
needed improvements in their water and sewage
facilities, and a similar survey was under way in
Augusta in the fall. Augusta officials indicated
that the basic waterworks were sufficiently modern
to be adequate and that fortunately an extensive
and long-needed program of overhauling the water
system had been initiated prior to the project’s
announcement. Currently, they were adding the
necessary extensions to service new sections, and
the main problem noted by city officials was the
shortage of materials, notably pipe; the NPA office
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
SAVANNAH RIVER AEC PROJECT
in Augusta had helped a great deal in meeting
such needs, however. Aiken and Barnwell had
also laid large amounts of pipe, extending water
lines to new housing. Trailer parks and some of
the new construction outside city limits were
served by wells.
Most of the communities used septic tanks for
new construction during 1951. The South Caro
lina communities, including Aiken and its sub
urbs, already had a certain number of pit privies
and individual septic tank systems in addition to
whatever type of city sewage system was in use.
Augusta officials early in 1951 described their
system as in a deplorable condition, with mains
too small, the city inadequately covered, much of
the system in bad repair, and no sewage treat
ment plant (sewage from Augusta being discharged
untreated into the river). Barnwell, too, report
edly had inadequate facilities for the existing
population at that time, and Williston had no
sewer system at all, using pit privies and septic
tanks exclusively. The systems in the other
towns were regarded as adequate for the pre
project population, although an Allendale real
estate man said in November 1951 that their
sewer system was “just no good” and that the
town had therefore applied for Federal aid.
Use of wells and septic tanks in the same areas
initially caused some concern, but the wells had
to be sunk so deep to get water that contamination
was unlikely. While sewage facilities were over
taxed, Williston had the one situation particularly
noted as dangerous in November 1951. Not
only did the town lack a sewer system but also
the houses were crowded together, making the
use of septic tanks unsafe, according to one ob
server. New construction had aggravated a
situation already bad, he said, and health officials
feared the possibility of a typhus epidemic. He
commented incidentally that, if expansion forced
the town to do something about its long-standing
sewage problem, the SRP would have produced
a change of permanent benefit.
Most of the trailers in the area were reported to
have their own plumbing facilities, connected to
the trailer park sewage systems. The parks were
subject to regulation, in Georgia as well as in
South Carolina where the bulk of the project
workers’ trailers were located. SRP officials
stated that there had been virtually no complaints
on trailer sanitation at the time of this survey.
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In their opinion, the assistance given by the
Trailer Coach Manufacturers Association repre
sentative to local people in setting up the trailer
courts had been a major factor in this regard.
Other municipal services requiring expansion
included police and fire departments (equipment
and personnel), street lights, street paving and
repair, garbage collection, and recreation; most of
the South Carolina towns lacked such basic
regulatory controls as housing or building codes,
or zoning ordinances. Scattered additions were
made in these fields by the various communities
throughout the period under review, as needs
became pressing. For example, North Augusta
as of August 1951 had a building and fire preven
tion code, a third policeman and second police car
authorized, and a new garbage truck.
Some of the other communities had also ex
panded their police forces, and, in October 1951,
the press announced that the SRP area would be
assigned perhaps 300 or more special State con
stables for 2 years. Crime had not increased
particularly, according to local reports, but the
number of traffic violations and accidents had
soared throughout the area. For instance, the
Augusta police chief stated in October 1951 that
arrests for drunken driving, speeding, and acci
dents had passed the 1950 total in only the first
8 months of 1951. Traffic was repeatedly cited
as one of the most critical community problems
in terms of roads, parking, and congestion, as
well as accidents.
Community-sponsored recreation was ex
tremely limited in the SRP area. A field repre
sentative of the National Recreation Association
was working with the communities on developing
well-rounded recreation programs, and some
action had been taken by November. Aiken,
for example, had doubled its recreation budget,
although this was insufficient for normal needs.
But little had been done to provide recreation
for the large number of temporary construction
workers. Movies appeared to be the chief
amusement available in November 1951, and they
were regularly crowded, particularly the outdoor
drive-ins, of which several new ones had gone up
since the SRP began. Augusta’s clubs were also
said to be much frequented, and numerous small
drinking and eating places had been rapidly
constructed to serve the SRP force. Du Pont
had some company-sponsored recreational pro-
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SAVANNAH RIVER AEC PROJECT
grams (basketball, softball, and bowling leagues,
and dances), it was reported, but in November
1951 the company was not planning anything
comprehensive for the construction workers.
In early July 1952, the HHFA reported that
the shortage of recreation facilities was “a prin
cipal unsolved problem at this time.” Indoor
and outdoor recreational facilities at the dor
mitories and trailer camps accordingly were
being planned. Du Pont also had received AEC
approval for the operation of three recreation
areas on the site near the plant boundary lines.
Schools. Increases in school enrollments between
January 1951 and January 1952 ranged from 4
percent (80 pupils) in the Allendale school dis
trict to 69 percent (622 pupils) in the Williston
school district,3 according to information ob
tained since this survey. (Numerical increases
were, of course, greater in some of the other
districts.) New enrollments in November 1951
were somewhat smaller in number and, as in
other fields, fewer than had been anticipated.
Nevertheless, existing classrooms were crowded,
and in some Barnwell County schools—reportedly
the “hardest hit” in the area—double shifts
were necessary. All the counties had employed
additional teachers—too many in some counties
without additional buildings, according to local
observers.
Schools had already been operating with maxi
mum enrollments before major SUP hiring began,
according to the FSA survey in early 1951. Sev
eral classrooms in each of the four counties referred
to in this article were makeshift and, in some in
stances, hazardous to the welfare of the children.
Aiken had more classrooms at that time than any
of the other counties; enrollments were also far
greater except for Richmond County which, in
spite of fewer classrooms, had even more pupils
than Aiken. Richmond County had a 2-year
school construction program already under way,
scheduled to be largely completed in the fall of
1951. Local residents stated, however, that this
program had been initiated mainly because of the
recent court decisions upholding the States’ right
to maintain segregated schools but requiring equal
ization of facilities (SRP in-migration was expected
to affect white schools almost exclusively). In
any case, local authorities stressed that this con
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struction had been scheduled to provide only for a
normal growth.1 Many of the school districts in
the area were heavily pressed as far as teacherpupil ratio was concerned,5and, according to some
local authorities, many teachers had less than
the desirable professional qualifications.
Since SRP hiring did not start until over half
the 1950-51 school year had been completed, tim
ing created fewer problems in planning school facil
ities than in other fields, but again the extent of
the increased load was difficult to predict. Added
to the basic uncertainties as to size and distribution
of population increases were questions concerning
the families brought in by workers: number of
school-age children; level of schooling required;:
applicability of the 0.7 national average of school
children per family to a large migrant construction
force;6 and the possibility that workers arriving
after the the start of the school year would leave
their children in school in the communities from
which they came. Also children of site residents
moving into nearby communities would swell en
rollments somewhat, particularly in Negro schools.
Some Federal assistance was available for school
construction under legislation enacted before the
current emergency period. In June 1951, Con
gress authorized the Commissioner of Education
to set aside from existing appropriations the funds
necessary to provide school facilities in areas
declared critical by the President,7 and, on the
basis of the SRP manning schedule and estimates
of anticipated housing (including temporary), the
Office of Education and local school authorities
worked out a program for the area. Federal aid
granted could be used either for permanent or
temporary school structures. Richmond County
elected to use funds placed at its disposal (because
of Camp Gordon as well as the SRP) only for
enlargement of permanent school structures, certi3 Barnwell County’s three school districts were Barnwell, Williston, and
Blackville; Allendale County’s were Allendale and Fairfax; Aiken had nine,
of which Aiken, N orth Augusta, and Ellenton were the main districts affected
by the SRP; Richmond County was a consolidated school district.
4 Both South Carolina and Georgia were greatly increasing State educa
tional outlays in 1951, which would benefit SRP operations personnel but were
not expected to help solve the problems of the SR P construction period.
5 According to a community resources survey by an engineering firm en
gaged by D u Pont, the ratio in the white schools in the six main nonsite
South Carolina towns ranged from 1:27.1 in Barnwell to 1:41.2 in Aiken and
1:41.6 in North Augusta.
6 Trailer surveys in the summer of 1951 suggested that the average was
considerably lower, and the Office of Education permitted use of a figure no
higher than 0.5 in applying for Federal aid.
7 Amendments providing for more extensive Federal aid to schools were
“pocket-vetoed” by the President late in 1951.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
SAVANNAH RIVER AEC PROJECT
fying that such construction would meet temporary
as well as permanent needs. Aiken and Barnwell
Counties claimed funds for both permanent and
temporary school buildings, and Allendale planned
only temporary structures.
A total of 187 temporary classrooms accordingly
were scheduled to be put up in the three counties
for the academic year 1951-52, the largest alloca
tions being made to Aiken and North Augusta.
Invitations to bid for the supply and erection of
the temporary buildings had not been distributed
by November 1951, however. Some observers
still expected that the buildings might be available
for use early in 1952, but one local authority
pointed out that use of demountables did not
mean simply setting up a quonset and “ru nn in g
the children into it.” Although the metal walls
could be put up and taken down readily, he said,
wiring, plumbing, toilets, heating, and so on had
to be installed and had to meet certain standards.
Little information was available as to whether
Augusta school construction was on schedule, and
none of the federally aided permanent construc
tion had been started in Aiken or Barnwell, al
though Aiken had obtained some land.
Increased enrollments affected conditions in the
various school districts unevenly, reflecting the
pre-project size and school capacity of the com
munity as well as the actual size of the increase.
Aiken had a numerically greater increase than did
Barnwell, but the secretary of the Aiken Chamber
of Commerce indicated that in general school
facilities had proved adequate so far. In con
trast, some Barnwell schools were not only oper
ating on a double shift but classes were being held
in churches, the Masonic temple, etc.; at the
same time, the number of teachers recruited had
been based on the assumption that temporary
family housing would be available in the fall.
Teachers must be hired for a full school term, and
all those newly hired would be needed if, before
the end of the current term, an influx of pupils
materialized in the numbers originally anticipated.
Otherwise, according to a local official, fewer addi
tions would have been adequate, and the added
outlay for salaries represented an unnecessary
financial drain, for which funds had been diverted
from other needed activities. Some Augusta
residents pointed to the new schools completed or
under construction and, while admitting that
existing schools were crowded,^were confident that
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275
no serious difficulties would occur. Others main
tained that Augusta schools were “overflowing,”
cited examples of unsafe schools and classes held
in buildings other than schools, and doubted
whether the new schools, even when completed,
would be adequate.
The temporary buildings, once erected, were
expected to be sufficient for project-connected
children (as well as those of former site residents
in these communities), provided employment
schedules were not changed (see Part I, MLR,
June 1952, p. 631) and Richmond County’s per
manent school construction program was success
fully carried out. By mid-1952, 37 temporary
school rooms had been completed in Aiken County
(15 classrooms at Jackson; 8 at North Augusta
and 12 others in the North Augusta school district;
and 2 for Negro pupils at New Ellenton) and 5 in
Allendale County (Fairfax); 32 had been com
pleted but not yet accepted by school officials in
Barnwell County (15 classrooms for white and 7
for Negro students at Williston and 10 for Negro
children at Barnwell).
Queried on the long-run effect of the project,
several observers commented that the demount
ables, while regarded as temporary, would be
superior to some local structures which had out
side toilets and no central heating or hot water.
If the demountables were not taken down after
the construction period, they might actually con
stitute some net improvement of school facilities
for the area. School standards, professional quali
fications of teachers, and so on continued to
occasion some concern, both for the current period
and over the long run. An Aiken resident, com
menting that a large proportion of the teachers
were new, said that many were young people “just
out of school” and inexperienced in handling
students sometimes little younger than themselves.
Hospitals. Additional beds had been made avail
able in Aiken and Augusta hospitals to meet
increased population needs as of November 1951,
but it was generally conceded that the main pres
sure from SRP in-migration was yet to come.
Pre-project plans for substantial hospital expansion
in Augusta, already the area’s medical center, were
revised somewhat after the SRP announcement,
and plans were drawn for a small hospital in
Barnwell County, which had no hospital. When
provisions for hospital aid were eliminated from
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SAVANNAH RIVER AEG PROJECT
the defense housing legislation at the last minute,
local officials urged AEC financing for planned
hospital expansion. Project officials, however,
continued to regard this as a local responsibility.
Further, various authorities in the area still dis
agreed in November 1951 on both the extent of the
need and the best way of increasing capacity.
The costly and lengthy nature of hospital con
struction, and the difficulties of obtaining addi
tional physicians and nurses made existing facili
ties and plans already in progress particularly
important in this field. Augusta’s University
Hospital was the only large hospital in the im
mediate SRP area,8 and one observer noted that
it was virtually the only one with an adequate staff
of doctors (nurses, a critical occupation nationally,
were in short supply in all of the hospitals).
Described as old and in need of remodeling and
renovation, it had some 475 beds and a high
occupancy rate at the time of the FSA survey; a
200-bed addition to the hospital had been planned
before the SRP. A new 100-bed hospital was
already under construction at that time, scheduled
to be completed in the spring of 1952; it was being
constructed with Federal assistance granted under
the Hospital Survey and Construction Act (HillBurton), designed to assist long-range State plans
and requiring substantial local contributions. In
addition, the Georgia State Legislature had
authorized the sale of bonds for construction of a
750-bed State teaching hospital in Augusta.
The University Hospital had many South Caro
lina patients because of its proximity and the lack
of comparable staff or facilities in the South Caro
lina counties. So-called “problem cases” in Aiken
County, for example, were sent to Augusta.9 With
a recent addition constructed with the aid of HillBurton funds, Aiken County General Hospital
(that county’s only hospital) had approximately
150 beds at the time of the SRP announcement,
but a number were not then in use, reportedly
because of the shortage of nurses. Allendale
General Hospital had 27 beds, generally regarded
as adequate to meet SRP-incurred needs.9
By converting private rooms to semiprivate,
approximately 100 beds had been added to the
University Hospital as of November 1951. At a
series of fall 1951 meetings, project and Federal
and State health officials discussed the desirability
as well as the financing of revised plans for ex
pansion of the hospital. Attention was called
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to the nonavailability of steel for hospital con
struction, the possibility that extra beds or addi
tions which would use existing central facilities
might be sufficient to meet temporary needs, and
the importance of avoiding construction of facili
ties which might be superfluous after the SRP
construction period. According to recent informa
tion, a Hill-Burton project for approximately
$1 million for renovating and improving Uni
versity Hospital was approved early in 1952. No
new beds were to be added, however; neither
State nor Federal Public Health officials would
approve financial aid for expanding the hospital
because of the new State Hospital. (A Federal
grant also had been urged for the latter-—to cover
the added costs of accelerating its construction
and thereby make it available for part of the SRP
construction period; with no such aid authorized,
the hospital was not scheduled for completion in
less than 3 to 4 years.)
The extra beds in the Aiken hospital had been
put in use by mid-1951, and in November con
sideration was given to opening up an unfinished
floor (with a 30-bed capacity) in the pre-project
addition. A local leader, interviewed at that time,
said that this floor could presumably take care of
the added population but that the additional staff
required would be very difficult to get. Another
Aiken resident, active in hospital work, commented
that lack of nurses had already forced them to
employ untrained aides.
Apart from hospital capacity, health depart
ments in the counties affected were generally
described as understaffed and short of money.10
Social Problems and Changes
Both short-run social problems and long-range
social and cultural changes were still expected at
the time of this survey. The former were antici
pated largely in connection with the temporary
barracks to be put up in the smaller towns, which
had been reduced in number and were relatively
little occupied by mid-1952, as noted. The longrange changes were predicted mainly in the com8 Two Veterans Administration hospitals were also located in Augusta.
8 Or to Orangeburg County (adjacent to Aiken and Barnwell Counties on
the east). This county had a 200-bed general hospital which served five
counties, including Barnwell and Allendale, and several small specialty
hospitals.
10 A brief section on commercial facilities will be included when this
article is reprinted as a bulletin.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
SAVANNAH RIVER AEG PROJECT
munities where the permanent workers were
expected to settle, and a variety of local sources
indicated in November 1951 that, even at that
early date, such changes were becoming evident.
Social Problems. Except for isolated instances,
few local residents interviewed in November 1951
had observed any increase in crime, juvenile
delinquency, prostitution, or other such social
problems—in spite of the large number of people
who had already arrived in the area and the
general lack of recreation facilities. Lack of
major social problems was attributed by some
people to the dispersal of workers’ homes among
several established communities. Others sug
gested that, because of Augusta’s relatively greater
facilities, the concentration of single workers there
had tended to minimize the problems or at least
had made them less apparent to local residents.
Still others, however, pointed out that recreation
was a more important problem for single men,
and emphasized once more the change in the
migrant force to men accompanied by families.
Augusta was frequently described as having
“always been a wide-open town” and local resi
dents said that “entertainment on the light side”
had increased substantially since the SRP and
Camp Gordon expansion. In September 1951, a
Superior Court judge in Augusta, commenting
favorably on the newly opened “Teen Town” (a
center sponsored by the Junior Women’s Club),
said that “the increasing trend toward crime and
law violation by teen-agers” had been brought
forcibly to his attention from first-hand observa
tion. Some local officials described “a lot of
drunkenness” in Augusta, but several residents
said that if crime and drunkenness had increased
it “wasn’t obvious to the average citizen.” Most
people contrasted conditions with those during the
war, when Augusta was flooded with unattached
servicemen from Camp Gordon, and stressed that
even with the “double expansion,” of the Camp
and the SRP, the problems were not as great.
The smaller numbers of single workers in the
South Carolina towns, most of whom reportedly
went to Augusta for entertainment, had similarly
created few new problems, although organized
prostitution was reported to have “hit” Aiken in
the early fall of 1951 and some sources described
a “rather bad situation” in Ellenton and New
Ellenton. Local fears concerning trailers had also
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277
proved unfounded, according to various observers;
they were regarded as unlikely to create future
special problems for nearby communities. Em
phasis was laid on the fact that trailer migrants
“regard their trailers as their homes these days,”
and also that only the better-paid workers could
afford to buy trailers.11
Those South Carolina towns scheduled to have
temporary barracks located near them, however,
continued to be apprehensive over the arrival of
such a large body of single workers. Barnwell
officials, for example, with the prospect of “1,500
strangers in town,” feared trouble even though the
men would probably go to Augusta for amuse
ment. They were reported to have under con
sideration the barring of construction workers
from local events, such as the regular square
dances, or, if necessary, the elimination of such
activities during the period of major influx.
Allendale officials were even more concerned; if
the site were closed to traffic, Augusta would be
nearly 70 miles around the site from Allendale
and the nearest city in the other direction was
even farther. One observer said that Allendale
was not even attempting to plan, but “just throws
up its hands in despair.”
Welfare authorities, particularly at the State
level, were “definitely awake to the problems”
which could arise, according to local observers in
November 1951. Welfare activities had already
increased substantially in the area. In Augusta,
an integrated welfare council had been organized,
which had established a community chest organi
zation and had helped such private agencies as the
Travelers’ Aid and the National Recreation Asso
ciation to establish themselves and the Red Cross
to increase its organization. In the fall, the
Augusta YWCA announced plans for an expanded
program and representatives of the national Y
spent a few days in the area, studying the problems
and helping formulate plans; by November classes
for women had been started, and a day nursery.
The American Social Hygiene Association also
sent a representative to Aiken in the early fall,
and, at local request, again in November, to discuss
the possibility of arranging a leadership training
institute in the handling of problems which had
11 Trailers were priced in the area at from about $1,500 for a used 1-bedroom
trailer to some $5,000 for a new 2-bedroom trailer, with a one-third downpayment required. According to a Trailer Coach Manufacturers Association
survey, the annual income of the average trailer resident topped the national
average, being over $4,000 on both the East and W est Coasts,
278
SAVANNAH RIVER AEC PROJECT
developed elsewhere with large groups of migrant
workers. The danger of such difficulties arising
was also discussed at the Western Carolina
Council’s November meeting, in connection with
the council’s new welfare committee.
The churches, numbering over 150 in the
Augusta metropolitan area according to the Cham
ber of Commerce, were also reported to be expand
ing their activities. A newly appointed area
director for the National Council of Churches had
arrived in the area just prior to this survey.
One Augusta “oldtimer” was voluble on how “ the place is full of
strangers . . . You have to wait in line for
movies . . . The town even looks different.” ;
similar comments were frequently quoted. Most
community leaders interviewed, however, indi
cated that the temporary construction workers
had been accommodated without noticeable fric
tion, although they were not “ a part of the com
munity” to any great degree. Workers living in
trailers outside Aiken, for example, came in to
town to market but otherwise were fairly selfsufficient in their trailer communities. In the
opinion of some observers, those workers who
lived in rooms also regarded themselves as too
transient to be interested in local affairs and
tended to mix largely with other SRP workers.
Permanent AEC and Du Pont operations staff,
on the other hand, residing chiefly in Aiken and
Augusta, were repeatedly described as having
become remarkably well integrated. Both SRP
and local residents remarked that at first the
Aiken people resented the newcomers, but grad
ually they had been accepted and by November
were “ pretty well assimilated.” Many were even
active in community affairs.
Aiken and Augusta leaders consistently empha
sized that they expected these new permanent
residents to make a large social and cultural con
tribution. The head of the Augusta YWCA
pointed out, for example, that some of the newly
arrived SRP women had worked in the Community
Chest drive, and that benefit thus had been derived
from other communities’ experience in such activ
ities. The concert organization in Aiken had more
members than ever before, making possible a
“ bigger and better” concert program. Formation
of Aiken chapters of the American Association of
University Women and League of Women Voters
S o cia l a n d C u ltu ra l Changes.
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was also under discussion. A major reason given
for the SRP women’s desire to form a League
chapter quickly was their discovery that they
would be ineligible to vote in the 1952 Presidential
election; South Carolina required 2 years’ resi
dence to establish the right to vote, in contrast to
the 1-year requirement in Georgia and elsewhere.
The group mentioned wanted to work for a change
in the law, according to local sources, and, even
though that was impossible before the coming
election, to make their opinions heard.
Several persons interviewed also expected the
newcomers to have a “healthy” effect on local
politics. More than one Augusta resident pointed
out that the incoming people had different ideas,
were not committed to local parties, and would
have the right to vote after a year’s residence*
they were a sizable enough group, these residents
suggested, to “worry” the local politicians, who
might modify existing policies to gain their sup
port. This was a particularly opportune moment
for any such change, it was pointed out, since one
of the two major parties in Augusta (both being
wings of the Democratic Party) had split in the
fall 1951 mayoralty election, and party lines and
policies were in process of being reshaped.
All the new ideas and experience which the new
comers brought to the area and the mingling of
people from all over the country would also even
tually produce a change in local attitudes, most
sources agreed. Augusta’s new interest in welfare
was largely attributed to the new residents, and
Augusta officials were being “stirred up” and
made aware of inadequate conditions, according
to some people. The new arrivals could not vote
yet, but they could talk, write letters, and other
wise exert pressure and make the needs clear.
Again it was emphasized that such effects had
not yet been fully felt. Less than a year had
elapsed since the SRP announcement; many SRP
personnel did not bring their wives and families
immediately; and the temporary expansion had
not reached its peak. Many local residents con
tinued, of course, to view the question of change in
terms of a “3-year temporary disruption” and to
expect a return to the “status quo” when the con
struction workers departed. Most local leaders
interviewed on this subject, however, seemed to
share the opinion of the Barnwell official, who
said: “You can’t bring several thousand people
to a town of under 2,000 and not have change.”
Summaries of Studies and Reports
Thirty-fifth Conference of the
International Labor Organization
T he adoption of a Recommendation on industrial
relations and a Convention on Minimum Stand
ards of Social Security occupied a position of prom
inence in the deliberations of the Thirty-fifth
International Labor Conference held in Geneva,
Switzerland, in June 1952. Also considered were
questions relating to agricultural labor, health of
workers in places of employment, maternity pro
tection, and the employment of young persons
underground in coal mines. The Conference also
approved a budget of $6,223,368 for 1953 ($1,554
less than for 1952), admitted Libya as the sixtysixth member of the Organization, adopted a reso
lution setting forth six principles designed to insure
the independence of trade-unions from government
control, and reviewed the growing “operational”
program of the Organization.
The 4-week Conference was attended by 218
delegates representing 60 countries; 184 govern
ment advisers; 115 employers’ advisers; and 137
workers’ advisers. Total attendance was 654
including the representatives from the newly ad
mitted United Kingdom of Libya. Although no
dissenting votes were cast in connection with
Libya’s membership application, the Polish and
Czech Government delegates took the opportunity
to make speeches attacking the Western powers for
continuing to dominate that country. The chal
lenge over the seating of Chinese representatives
by these two delegations and the rejection of the
challenge by the Credentials Committee were
repeated this year as in 1951.
In addition to delegates and advisers, the thirtyfifth ILO Conference was attended by many ob
servers from the United Nations as well as special
ized agencies and nongovernmental organizations.
The following groups were represented: Interna
tional Confederation of Free Trade Unions; Inter
national Cooperative Alliance; International Fed
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eration of Christian Trade Unions; International
Federation of Agricultural Producers; Interna
tional Organization of Employers; and the World
Federation of Trade Unions. The Saar was also
represented by an observer delegation.
The Conference elected José de Segadas Vianna,
Brazilian Minister of Labor, Industry, and Com
merce, as its president; George Philip Delaney,
United States workers’ delegate, as worker vice
president; and Julio B. Pons and Vyankatesh V.
Dravid as employer and government vice presi
dents. Frances Perkins, former U. S. Secretary of
Labor and currently a U. S. Civil Service Com
missioner, was elected chairman of the Committee
on Workers’ Health. During the sessions of the
Conference, three Conventions, three Recommen
dations, and five substantive resolutions were
adopted.
The Convention on Minimum Standards of
Social Security was adopted by a vote of 123 for,
32 against, with 22 abstentions. The Convention
deals with 9 branches of social security: medical
care, sickness, unemployment, old-age, employ
ment injuries, and family, maternity, invalidity,
and survivor benefits. It is not binding upon a
country unless ratified by it, and ratification may
be made on the basis of only 3 of the 9 branches
which the ratifying country may select, providing
that at least one of these is selected from among the
unemployment, old-age, employment injury, in
validity or survivors’ benefit branches. The Con
vention takes into account diverse methods of
social security and recognizes not only compulsory
social insurance but voluntary private insurance.
The employers and the delegates of some Govern
ments, including the United States, favored the
form of a Recommendation instead of a Conven
tion. An amendment to this effect, however, was
defeated by 43 votes to 111. The employers also
believed that its coverage should be limited to
employees only, on the grounds that ILO was not
competent in fields affecting nonemployees. They
proposed separate instruments for dealing with
each substantive part or program. Their proposals
279
280
THE 35 TH ILO CONFERENCE
on these points were defeated and the Convention,
as finally adopted, appears to represent a sub
stantial achievement, although it probably does
not satisfy all parties concerned.
The texts of the Convention and the Recom
mendation on Holidays with Pay in Agriculture
were developed with a minimum amount of con
troversy in committee as workers’ and employers’
groups were in agreement on most points and
opposed amendments to the Office text. This
Convention deals almost entirely with general
principles rather than specific details relating to
paid holidays and leaves implementation of the
principles up to each participating country. Ef
forts to specify the allowable minimum holiday
and the period of service were defeated. The
Convention and Recommendation were adopted
by votes of 124 to 16 with 51 abstentions and 136
to 12 with 31 abstentions, respectively. The
United States Government abstained from voting
on the adoption of these two instruments on the
grounds that: (1) in the United States, holidays
with pay is a matter for collective bargaining and
individual arrangements rather than legislation;
(2) the vast amount of farm workers are seasonally
employed, work on farms less than 3 months a
year, and are faced with the basic problem of
insufficient employment and too much leisure;
and (3) there would be great difficulties in the
United States in adopting and implementing the
Convention to meet the needs of seasonal workers.
In discussing the revision of the Maternity
Protection Convention which was first approved
by the ILO in 1919, some speakers expressed the
belief that the revised version was too rigid and
inflexible and that it would obtain relatively few
ratifications. The new Convention extended its
scope to include agricultural occupations and
women domestic workers. It specified “at least
12 weeks” maternity leave. Joint discussions
between the officers of the two committees inter
ested in this Convention (the Committee on
Maternity Protection and the Committee on Social
Security) prevented the incorporation of provisions
contradictory to those in the Minimum Standards
of Social Security Convention. The revised Con
vention was adopted by a vote of 114 to 36 with
25 abstentions and a supplementary Recommen
dation by a vote of 112 to 31 with 29 abstentions.
The Recommendation on Cooperation at the
Level of the Undertaking provided that, at the
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MONTHLY LABOR
plant level, “appropriate steps should be taken to
promote consultation between employers and
workers on matters of mutual concern not within
the scope of collective-bargaining machinery.”
This Recommendation-—the last in a series of
international standards that began in 1948 with
the adoption of the Convention on Freedom of
Association—on industrial relations that is sched
uled for consideration by the Conference, was
adopted by a vote of 174 to 2 with 13 abstentions.
Although this subj ect was one of the most contro
versial on the Conference’s agenda, the Committee
on Industrial Relations achieved remarkable suc
cess in developing a text that was supported by the
largest majority vote for the adoption of any
Convention or Recommendation at this session.
A supplementary resolution on this subject was
adopted by a vote of 137 to 2 with 16 abstentions.
The Conference adopted a resolution on the
Regulation of the Employment of Young Persons
in Underground Work in Coal Mines by a vote of
104 to 13 with 24 abstentions. The resolution
outlined desirable standards or practices on mini
mum age, vocational guidance, vocational training,,
medical examination, night work, rest periods and
holidays, and inspection services. The Governing
Body was requested to refer the problems of social
security and social welfare to the next session of
the Coal Mines Committee for thorough exami
nation with regard to all workers in coal mines,,
including young persons. The matter of minimum
age (for underground work as well as night work
in the mines) proved the most controversial. The
British Government and employer delegates were
particularly concerned over the provision of the
resolution prohibiting night work underground for
coal miners under 18 years of age because, under
their system of rotating shifts, the employment of
anyone under 18 years would be precluded. They
reserved their right to reopen this question when
the Conference in 1953 considers the adoption of a
Recommendation on Minimum Age of Admission
to Work Underground in Coal Mines.
The Committee on Workers’ Health recognized
the need for international standards and the
Conference decided to put the subject on the
agenda of the 1953 Conference for the adoption of
either a Recommendation or of a Convention
supplemented by a Recommendation. Conclu
sions concerning the notification of occupational
diseases, technical measures for the control of
REVIEW , SEPTEM BER 1952
EARNINGS IN SYNTHETIC TEXTILES
health hazards, and medical examination, adopted
in 1952, will serve as the basis for the second
discussion at the 1953 ILO meeting.
Report of the Director-General
ILO operational activities during the past year
were described by the Director-General in his
report to the Conference. He called special
attention to ILO work in Technical Assistance.
Most of the more than 100 speakers who com
mented on the Director-General’s report devoted
considerable attention to this phase of the Organ
ization’s work.
In his response to the report, Philip M. Kaiser,
Assistant Secretary of Labor of the United States,
stated that the heart and strength of the Technical
Assistance Program is cooperation, freely sought
and freely given, with an aim to helping those
countries who want to help themselves. He said
that there was no one solution to all the world’s
social and economic problems and that “those who
insist on a single inclusive formula or panacea for
social progress are moving down the road to dis
illusionment and disaster.” He noted that, in
the United States, institutions arose from the needs
and problems of the people and their willingness to
improvise and undertake experimentation to find
solutions. “We prefer to place primary reliance
on the resourcefulness and voluntary cooperation
of our people. . . . We use our Government, as
necessary, to buttress and sustain and promote the
growth of our voluntary system . . . We do not
rely on Government alone.” He stated that one
of the greatest accomplishments of the ILO is that
it has not been lured down the path of doctrinaire
inclusiveness and that its Technical Assistance
Program is an example of the flexible approach
that is indispensable to the cooperative efforts of
free nations to solve their problems.
Secretary of Labor Maurice J. Tobin, in an
address to the delegates, pointed out that the free
nations have contributed generously to the co
operative effort of the United Nations and the
specialized agencies under the Technical Assistance
Program, but that “neither the Soviet Union nor
any of its satellites have contributed to the UN
programs to aid the economically underdeveloped
countries.” With a steadily increasing world
population, he said, greater emphasis on efficient
production of food, raw materials, and clothing
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281
was needed. “The problem is to increase produc
tion and to provide for an equitable sharing of the
fruits of production.” He added that the free
nations of the world, although forced by Commu
nist aggression to devote much of their energies to
build military strength, “are not neglecting the
well-being of their people. We carry on the
struggle for human betterment, even though we
must arm, at the same time, to protect human
freedom. We look forward to the day when all
our efforts can be directed toward improving the
welfare of mankind.”
Earnings in
Synthetic Textiles, March 1952
P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in the synthetic textile
industry in March 1952 averaged $1.27 an hour,
exclusive of payments for late-shift and over
time work, according to a survey conducted by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Although in
dividual earnings ranged from 75 cents to more
than $2.10 an hour, the middle 50 percent of the
workers earned from $1.05 to $1.45 (table 1).
Nearly a fifth of the production-worker employ
ment in this industry received hourly earnings
of $1.50 and over.
Average earnings, by type of mill, increased
with the proportions of skilled workers required
in the processing operations. Considerably more
skilled workers are needed in weaving and related
departments than in the yarn processing depart
ments. Hourly earnings averaged $1.34 in weav
ing mills, $1.27 in integrated mills, and $1.16
in yarn mills.2
Women comprised about 45 percent of the
production work force in synthetic textiles in
March 1952. By type of mill, they constituted
about two-thirds of the employment in yarn
1 This survey included synthetic textile mills employing 21 or more workers.
The synthetic textile industry, as defined for the study, includes the spinning
and throwing of silk, rayon, acetate, nylon, and other synthetic fibers and
the weaving of fabrics from synthetic yarns. It was estimated that the total
employment including office, executive, and supervisory employees in the
industry, as covered for the study, was approximately 102,000. The data
exclude premium pay for overtime and late-shift work. More detailed in
formation on wages and related practices is available on request.
2 Y am mills include establishments primarily engaged in the spinning
of staple synthetic fibers and/or the throwing of filament synthetic fibers.
EARNINGS IN SYNTHETIC TEXTILES
282
T a ble 1.— Percentage distribution of all 'production workers
in synthetic textile mills by average straight-time hourly
earnings,l United States and selected regions, March 1952
Average hourly earnings 1
(in cents)
Under 75.0
- ___- ___ __
75.0 and under 80.0 _______ _
80.0 and under 85.0 __________
85.0 and under 90.0___ _________
90.0 and under 95.0. _____ ____
95.0 and under 100.0____________
100.0 and under 105.0_____ ____
105.0 and under 110.0________ _
110.0 and under 115.0________ __
115.0 and under 120.0___ ______
120.0 and under 125.0___________
125.0 and under 130.0_____ _____
130.0 and under 135.0___________
135.0 and under 140.0_________ .
140.0 and under 145.0. . . ..
145.0 and under 150.0-- ________
150.0 and under 155.0___________
155.0 and under 160.0________ _
160.0 and under 165.0_____ _
165.0 and under 170.0___________
170.0 and under 175.0___ . _ _ .
175.0 and under 180.0____ _____
180.0 and under 185.0. _________
185.0 and under 190.0__________
190.0 and under 195.0___ _____
195.0 and under 200.0- ____ .
200.0 and under 205.0-_____ . . .
205.0 and under 210.0______ ____
210.0 and over_______ _______ _
T otal___________________
Number of workers___ _________
Average hourly earnings 1______
United
States 2
N ew
England
Middle Southeast
Atlantic
(?)
0.4
.6
1.4
1.8
4.0
9.1
11.5
10.4
10.1
7.5
6.3
4.3
4.6
5.2
3.9
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.2
.7
.6
.3
.3
.2
.7
0.1
.2
.3
1.1
6.6
5.2
9.0
13.5
8.6
6.5
4.5
5.6
6.5
5.6
4.9
4.3
3.3
4.4
4.4
2.2
1.5
.5
.4
.3
.1
.4
0.9
1. 7
2.7
3.8
2.8
4.0
3.0
9.2
16.0
5.7
7.6
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.4
3.9
2.6
2.0
2.4
2.0
1.8
2.4
1.3
1.6
.8
.9
.6
2.2
(3)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96,355
$1.27
18, 644
$1.39
24,629
$1.32
52, 659
$1.20
0.2
.4
1.3
1.4
5.8
14.2
17.2
12.9
7.9
6.2
4.9
3.4
4.6
5.4
2.8
2.0
1.7
2.3
2.0
1.5
1.3
.3
.1
.1
(3)
13)
.1
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work.
2 Includes data for other regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
mills, and two-fifths each in weaving and inte
grated mills.
Women textile workers are generally employed
in the lighter and less-skilled tasks; consequently,
their earnings are below the levels for men. The
$1.19 average for women was 15 cents lower than
the average for men. By type of mill, the differ
ences ranged from 4 to 19 cents an hour (table 2).
Between the summer of 1946, the date of the
last Nation-wide study of synthetic textiles,3
and March 1952, average hourly earnings had
increased approximately 60 percent, from 79
cents to $1.27, and the proportions of workers
earning $1 and over an hour advanced from about
15 to 90 percent of the industry’s work force.
Nearly a third of the synthetic textile workers
were employed in mills which had collective
bargaining agreements. The extent of unioniza
tion varied by region. Union contracts covered
approximately two-thirds of the industry’s workers
MONTHLY LABOR
in New England, two-fifths in the Middle Atlantic
States, and a tenth in the Southeast.
Regional Variations
Synthetic textiles are produced primarily in
three economic regions.4 Of the 96,000 production
workers in the industry, 53,000 were employed in
the Southeast, 25,000 in the Middle Atlantic
States, and 18,000 in New England. Earnings
averaged $1.20, $1.32, and $1.39 in these regions,
respectively.
Earnings of individual workers in the major
regions varied widely. For the middle 50 percent,
however, earnings ranged from $1.20 to $1.60 in
New England, from $1.10 to $1.50 in the Middle
Atlantic States, and from $1.05 to $1.35 in the
Southeast (table 1). The proportion of workers
with earnings of less than $1 was greater in the
Middle Atlantic States than in the Southeast (12
percent compared with 9 percent). The position
was reversed at the upper end of the wage dis
tribution: about 1 out of 4 workers in the Middle
Atlantic region and about 1 out of 9 in the South
east had hourly earnings of at least $1.50. New
England workers showed up best at both ends of
the distribution—less than 1 percent under $1
and a third of the workers at $1.50 and over.
Workers in Middle Atlantic weaving mills
averaged $1.44, which was 4 and 20 cents an hour
higher than the respective earnings in New
England and in the Southeast. In the other types
T able 2. — Average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of pro
duction workers in synthetic textile mills, by type of mill,
United States and selected regions, March 1952
T y p e of m ill
U n ite d
S ta te s 2
N ew
E n g la n d
M id d le
A tla n tic
S o u th e a s t
$1.27
1.34
1.19
$1.39
1.47
1.29
$1.32
1.47
1.20
$1.20
1.25
1.14
1.16
1.19
1.15
1.19
1.25
1.17
1.17
1.22
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.34
1.42
1. 23
1.40
1.47
1.30
1.44
1.60
1.24
1.24
1.28
1.17
1.27
1.33
1.19
1.44
1.50
1.34
1.38
1.47
1.28
1.20
1.25
1.13
A ll mills
A ll p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs _________
M e n _________________________
W o m e n ______________________
Yarn mills
A ll p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs _________
M e n ____________ ______ _____
W o m e n _______________________
Weaving mills
A ll p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs _________
M e n _ ______
___________
W o m e n _____ ____ _____ ____
Integrated mills
2 Sec Series 2, No. 41—Wage Structure, Rayon and Silk Textiles, 1946.
* Eor purposes of this study the regions include: N e w E n g l a n d — Connect
icut, Maine, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont;
M i d d l e A t l a n t i c — N e w Jersey, N ew York, and Pennsylvania; S o u th e a s t—
Georgia, M ississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and
Virginia.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A ll p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s ................ .
M e n __________________________
W o m e n ............. ....... ......... ..............
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work.
2 Includes data for other regions in addition to those shown separately.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
EARNINGS IN SYNTHETIC TEXTILES
of mills, New England averages were highest—
$1.19 in yarn mills and $1.44 in integrated mills.
Only 4 cents an hour separated the low and high
regional levels in yarn mills, but in integrated
mills, this difference amounted to 24 cents an
hour (table 2).
Regional earnings of men and women synthetic
textile workers were generally highest in New
England. With the exception of the $1.15
average for women in both Middle Atlantic and
Southeast yarn mills, earnings of men and women,
by type of mills, were greater in the former than
in the latter region (table 2).
The variation between the earnings of men and
women was smallest in the Southeast and
amounted to 11 cents an hour. Men earned, on
the average, 18 cents more than women in New
England and 27 cents in the Middle Atlantic
States. In Southeast yarn mills, both men and
women had the same average—$1.15 an hour; in
weaving mills and integrated mills, the differences
were 11 and 12 cents, respectively. By type of
mill, men in the other regions had earnings
advantages over women, ranging from 8 to 17
cents an hour in New England and from 7 to 36
cents in the Middle Atlantic States. These
differences, at least in part, reflect differences in
occupational employment among men and women.
Occupational Variations
Nation-wide average hourly earnings for the
selected occupations studied in the synthetic
textile industry in March 1952 varied from $1.02
for janitors to $1.87 for Jacquard loom fixers.
The range in the average earnings for women’s
jobs was much narrower than that for men (56
cents compared with 85 cents); women spinningframe doffers had the lowest level of earnings
($1.05) and Jacquard loom weavers, the highest
($1.61). Other men’s occupations having wage
levels of $1.50 and over were fixers of other types
of looms, maintenance machinists, warper tenders
(slow speed), and all weaving categories. Among
women workers, plain loom weavers constituted
the only other group with average hourly earnings
of at least $1.50.
Women weavers, who comprised slightly more
than a third of all weavers, averaged 7 cents an
hour less than their men counterparts. In other
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
283
occupations employing men and women, the
differences favored the men and ranged from 6
to 20 cents an hour.
Occupational average earnings, by region,
ranged from $1.15 to $1.84 in New England, from
99 cents to $2.08 in the Middle Atlantic States,
and from 99 cents to $1.67 in the Southeast. In
all instances, the top averages related to the earn
ings of loom fixers. The highest averages for
men’s jobs occurred most frequently in the
Middle Atlantic region and for women's jobs, in
New England.
Occupational earnings in the Southeast were
generally lower than the averages for the Nation
as a whole; most frequently, the differences ranged
from 1 to 6 cents. In the other two regions, the
comparison was reversed, with regional job earn
ings generally being 5 to 15 cents higher than
national earnings. Men weavers on plain looms
in New England averaged 4 cents less the national
wage levels for workers in this occupation. Several
of the women’s jobs in the northern regions also
recorded earnings below the Nation-wide averages
(table 3.).
There was no consistent pattern of regional
differences in the earnings of men and women in
the same jobs. In the numerically important
job of weaving, women in New England had the
same average earnings as men; in the other
regions, men earned on the average more than
women—by 17 cents an hour in the Middle
Atlantic States and 6 cents in the Southeast.
Men had the higher earnings in other jobs, em
ploying both sexes, by amounts ranging from 1
to 14 cents in New England, from 17 to 23 cents
in the Middle Atlantic States, and from 8 to 9
cents in the Southeast.
Wage Practices and Related Benefits
Paid vacations were established practices in
synthetic textile mills employing 95 percent of the
total work force in the industry in March 1952.
The typical policy in the Middle Atlantic and
Southeast regions provided for a 1-week paid
vacation after a year of service; a second week
after 5 years’ employment was granted by mills
employing about half of the industry’s work force
in these regions. In New England, the predomi
nant practice was to provide vacation pay of 2
284
T a ble 3. —Average
EARNINGS IN SYNTHETIC TEXTILES
MONTHLY LABOR
straight-time hourly earnings 1 of production workers in selected occupations in synthetic textile mills,
United States and selected regions, March 1952
United States 2
Sex and occupation
N ew England
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
M en
___
Card grinders - _______________ . . . __________ __________
Card tenders. ______ _ _______
__________ ____ _ _
Doffers, spinning frame___ ________
Inspectors, cloth, machine_____ _ _________ . . . _____________ .
Janitors (excluding machinery cleaners)______________________________
Loom fixers______ ________ . . . . __________ ___________________
Box looms____ . _______ _________________ .
Jacquard looms___
__________________
Plain and dobby looms__________________ .
M achinists, m aintenance-.. _________ _____________ .
Slasher tenders________________ _______
Slubber tenders. _ _ _ - ___
. ________
Truckers, hand (including bobbin boys)_________________________
Warper tenders, high speed (300 y. p. m. and over). . _______________
Warper tenders, slow speed (under 300 y. p. m .)_________
Weavers_____________________________________________ .
Box looms__________________
______________________
Dobby looms _____. . . _________
_____
Jacquard looms . . . .
____ .
________
_______
Plain looms . . . ___________ ____________
________ . . . . . .
127
313
537
562
1,306
5,456
1, 274
368
3,814
534
954
379
3,684
239
238
7,028
1,807
3,137
1,020
1,064
$1 40
1.14
1. 25
1.24
1.02
1.73
1.71
1 87
1.72
1.55
1.48
1 32
1.09
1.33
1. 53
1.55
1.51
1. 50
1.72
1.58
16
50
56
42
153
1,499
101
$1 50
1 29
1 44
1.32
1.16
1.77
1.84
1,389
112
288
28
546
12
1.76
1.61
1.67
1 38
1.19
1.38
1,198
82
651
10
455
Women
Battery hands_____________________ _______ __________ .
Doffers, spinning frame-— . ______ _______ _ _
____________
Inspectors, cloth, machine. ______ . . . ________
_
____________
Spinners, ring frame____________ _______ . . . _ _ ___________ _ . .
Twister tenders, ring frame___
.....
______ . .
TTptwisters __
_ . . . ----------- . _ ______ . .
. _______ ________
Warper tenders, high speed (300 y. p. m. and over). _ ________ _____
Warper tenders, slow speed (under 300 y. p .m .) ______________________
Weavers___ ___________ _ ____________________________ ________
Box looms_______________ _ _______ _ _________ _________ . .
Dobby looms_____ .
______________________ _______
Jacquard looms____ _ _____ . . . . _______ ___ . . .
Plain looms- . . . __________ . ______ _____ __ ____
____________ _________ . . . . . .
________
Winders, yarn 3___
Automatic spooler... .
________ . . . . ________ . . __________
Cone and tube, automatic____ __________________
Cone and tube, nonautomatic, high speed_____________ _
Cone and tube, nonautomatic, slow speed. . . _____
Filling, autom atic-. .
____________________ __________
Filling, nonautomatic _____________________________________
3,133
179
2, 262
2,132
2,544
975
398
558
3,892
1,276
1,730
362
524
12,944
299
458
3,602
1,757
1,772
2, 349
1.10
1. 05
1.15
1.16
1.16
1.19
1.27
1.33
1.48
1.46
1.46
1.61
1.50
1.17
1.17
1. 22
1.18
1 21
1.19
1.14
1 E x c lu d e s p re m iu m p a y for o v e rtim e a n d n ig h t w ork.
2 In c lu d e s d a ta for o th e r regions in a d d itio n to th o se sh o w n se p a ra te ly .
percent of total annual earnings after 1 year’s
service, 3 percent after 3 years’, and 4 percent
after 5 years’.
Insurance or pension plans, financed wholly or
in part by the employers, were in effect in mills
with 88 percent of the total employment in the
synthetic textile industry. Hospitalization, health,
and life insurance were of almost equal importance
in the Southeast and Middle Atlantic regions; each
type of coverage affected about seven-eighths of
the workers in the former region and three-fourths
in the latter. In New England, health insurance
plans were applicable to about 95 percent of the
synthetic textile workers, life insurance to 7 of
every 8 workers, and hospitalization plans to 3 of
every 4 workers. Retirement pension plans were
in effect in mills with 6 percent of the total industry
employment in the Southeast, 4 percent in Middle
Atlantic States, and 9 percent in New England.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Middle Atlantic
Southeast
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
109
181
1,135
430
180
525
118
116
$1.36
1.09
1.82
1.76
2 08
1.78
1.70
1.56
1.54
1.59
1. 53
1.83
1. 54
972
65
175
2,436
714
717
682
323
1.16
1. 55
1 01
1.68
1.64
1.55
1.82
1.74
866
34
689
352
302
146
126
84
803
46
513
10
234
1,526
40
104
419
1.18
1 30
1.22
1.27
1.15
1.19
1.37
1.37
1.54
1.58
1. 52
1.60
1.56
1.29
1.42
1.32
1.24
225
292
105
1,564
367
95
329
1,735
861
468
317
’ 89
5,819
50
70
1,332
1.14
QQ
1.13
1.15
1.18
1. 24
1.38
1.38
1.51
1.49
1.47
1.62
1.55
1.14
1.03
1.29
1.17
570
182
1.30
1.37
'529
826
1.12
1.12
673
1,341
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
25Q
470
407
971
2,822
743
1.20
.99
1.67
1.67
1,900
304
550
1. 67
1. 47
1. 36
2,133
162
63
1.04
1. 24
3,394
i,o n
1,769
328
286
1.45
1.40
1.47
1. 50
1.46
2, 042
1.07
1,281
1,545
'678
456
177
145
1,354
369
749
35
201
5, 445
209
284
1,818
1.12
1.15
1.12
1.15
1.15
1.21
1.39
1.36
1.40
1.54
1.40
1.17
1.15
1.17
1.17
1 32
l! 15
1.13
3 Includes data for workers not shown separately.
Paid holidays were granted by mills employing
about half of all synthetic textile workers in the
country. By region, the proportion of employees
receiving paid holidays varied widely. Over ninetenths of the industry’s employment in New Eng
land, and three-fourths in the Middle Atlantic
region were in mills providing such payments. The
most common practice in these regions was 6 days
a year. Mills employing about a sixth of the
synthetic textile workers in the Southeast had
provisions for paid holidays varying from 1 to 5
days a year.
Approximately half of the workers in the syn
thetic textile industry were employed on late shifts
in March 1952. The payment of premium rates
for second-shift work is not a common practice in
this industry; only about a seventh of the secondshift workers, employed primarily in the Middle
Atlantic States, received differential payments. In
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
W AG ES IN IN D U S T R IA L CHEMICALS
285
that region, a majority of the second-shift workers
receiving differentials were paid a premium of
either 5 cents an hour or 5 percent of earnings.
Practically all of the third-shift workers, however,
received extra compensation for late shift work.
The most prevalent differentials were 7 cents an
hour in New England, 5 cents in the Southeast,
and 10 cents in the Middle Atlantic States. Differ
ential payments ranging from 5 to 10 percent of
earnings were also common in the Middle Atlantic
region.
Minimum entrance rates and minimum job
rates in the synthetic textile industry relate to the
lowest rates paid in an establishment to inexperi
enced and experienced workers, respectively. Ad
vancement from the entrance rate to the job rate
often involves either a formal training period or a
progression of rates based on length of service or
merit ratings. In many mills, however, no inter
vening steps between the minimum entrance and
job rates were reported, both rates being identical.
No significant pattern of hiring rates existed for
the industry as a whole; there were, however,
marked differences regionally. In New England,
minimum entrance and job rates of at least $1,165
were reported by mills employing about half of the
synthetic textile workers in this region. In the
Middle Atlantic and Southeastern States, there
was no concentration of minimum entrance rates,
except for the 75-cent rate. This rate was reported
to be in effect in synthetic textile mills employing
two-fifths of the workers in the Middle Atlantic
States and one-third of those in the Southeast.
The next greatest concentrations, each affecting a
tenth of the workers, were at 85 cents in the
Middle Atlantic States and at $1.01 in the South
east. Minimum job rates, however, tended to
concentrate at $1.02 in the Southeast and at $1.14
or more in the Middle Atlantic region, and were
found in mills employing over a third of the syn
thetic textile workers in the respective regions.
Wages in the
Industrial Chemical Industry
fied gases. Chemicals produced by the surveyed
plants were widely diversified. Sulfuric acid,
alkalies and chlorines, cyclic crudes, dyes, and
plastics were among the more important products.2
Occupations in which hourly earnings of a
majority of the industry’s workers were concen
trated within a narrow range were cylinder fillers
($1.50 to $1.75); class A filterers ($1.85 to $1.95);
electric-cell men ($1.85 to $2.10); and maintenance
machinists ($1.90 to $2.20). Jobs with at least a
fifth of the workers receiving $2.20 or more an
hour were absorberman, class A chemical operator,
class A stillman, and the maintenance jobs of
carpenter, electrician, lead burner, and pipe fitter.
Workers in the 40 selected production occupa
tions comprised about half of the labor force in
the industry. In 28 of the 40 jobs, average eam-
P roduction w orkers employed in the industrial
chemical industry generally received higher earn
ings than the average worker in all manu
facturing combined. In its monthly earnings
series, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated
that the average factory worker received $1.57
an hour exclusive of overtime in November 1951.
The largest occupational group—class A chem
ical operators—in the selected branches of the
industrial chemical industry surveyed by the
Bureau in October-November 19511 had straighttime earnings of $1.98 an hour. In only 5 of the
40 production occupations selected for study were
a majority of the workers paid less than $1.60 an
hour. At least half the workers in 19 of the jobs
earned between $1.60 and $1.90 an hour.
The survey covered establishments primarily
manufacturing industrial inorganic and organic
chemicals (excluding synthetic rubber, synthetic
fibers, and explosives) and compressed and lique219410— 52------ 3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
— C harles R u b e n s t e in and J ohn
F. L aciskey
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
1
The survey was lim ited to industrial organic and inorganic chemical
establishments employing 21 or more workers. The branches of the industry
selected for study were estimated to include about 183,000 employees, of whom
136,000 were classified as production workers. The data exclude premium
pay for overtime and late-shift work. More detailed information on wages
and related practices is available on request.
1
For a discussion of product uses and employment trends, see Employ
ment Trends in the Industrial Chemicals Industry, M onthly Labor Re
view, M ay 1952 (p. 522).
286
mgs fell between $1.55 and $1.85 an hour. The
lowest average ($1.38) was recorded for women
janitors and the highest average ($2.22), for lead
burners. Operators of continuous-process equip
ment, comprising the largest part of the work
force, received average earnings ranging from $1.61
for class B millers to $2.03 for absorbermen.
The greatest number of workers employed in
individual occupations studied were the chemical
operators on a combination of various types of
equipment. Besides the class A chemical opera
tors, class B chemical operators averaged $1.80
an hour, and chemical operators’ helpers, $1.63.
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
W A G ES IN IN D U S T R IA L CHEMICALS
Large numbers of workers in the BLS study
were involved in duties not directly connected
with the processing of chemicals. A large force
of maintenance workers were required to maintain
the processing equipment; in five selected main
tenance jobs, workers averaged $1.99 or more an
horn in October-November 1951. Along with
the job of operating absorber units, these were the
highest-rated occupations among those surveyed.
Employees in other major types of work had
lower earnings levels. The largest numerical
groups in filling and packaging departments were
drum fillers and cylinder fillers, who earned $1.68
1.—Average straight-time hourly earnings 1 in selected occupations in the industrial chemical industry, United States
and selected regions, October-November 1951
United States 2
Occupation, grade, and sex
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
310
405
106
1,269
10, 853
9,917
7,834
955
931
437
499
981
441
604
2,170
383
348
786
475
553
1,259
2,516
362
401
3,013
253
2,195
292
492
491
450
3,495
481
932
595
885
3, 653
2, 234
870
596
$2.03
1.86
1.60
1.99
1.98
1.80
1.63
1.73
1. 55
1.79
1.67
1.68
1. 89
1.75
2.02
1.85
1.68
1.65
1.80
1.64
1.68
1.47
1.85
1. 67
1. 77
2.22
2.01
1.70
1.61
1.72
1.64
2.01
1. 79
1.97
1.80
1.68
1.55
1.70
1.07
1.46
153
676
1.38
1. 58
112
73
202
418
1.53
1. 50
1.28
1.39
1.38
L 3?
Average hourly earnings 1 in—
New
England
Middle
Atlantic
Border
States
$1.69
$1.95
1.79
1.92
2.10
1. 71
1.69
1.80
1.64
1.54
1. 41
1. 56
1.60
1.10
$1.74
1. 94
1. 70
2.03
2.01
1.79
1.63
1. 67
1. 54
1.74
1. 61
1.64
1.99
1.86
2. 00
1.90
1. 72
1. 57
1.88
1.62
1.63
1.49
1.84
1.69
1.83
2.34
2.02
1.64
1.57
1. 66
1. 64
2.02
1.82
1.97
1.87
1.64
1.54
1. 80
1.66
1.39
1.68
1.39
1. 71
1.47
1.42
1.97
1.82
1.71
1.62
1. 76
1.66
1.85
1.78
1. 51
1.83
1.71
1.98
1. 79
1.66
1.75
1.83
1.69
1.72
1.56
1.84
1. 68
1.65
2. 27
1. 98
1.83
1.61
1.83
1. 71
1. 92
1.77
1.89
1.66
1.69
1.66
1.76
1.72
1.63
1.48
1.42
1.62
1.62
1.35
1.39
1.27
1.51
1.41
1.41
1.23
1.22
1.27
1.23
1.08
.98
1.59
1.89
1.32
1.30
1.37
1.48
1.15
Great
Lakes
South
west
Pacific
Production occupations—Men
A b so rb erm e n ............................ ............................... ..............
A u to c la v e o p e ra to rs .............................................................
C arb o y fillers...........................................................................
C arp e n te rs, m a in te n a n c e .................................................. .
C h em ical o p erato rs, class A ..................... ....................... .
C h em ical o p erato rs, class B ..........................................
C h em ical o p e ra to rs ’ h e lp e r s .._________ ____________
C o m p re s s o rs ............................. ............. ............... ...............
C y lin d e r fillers............................. ........... ................... ......... .
D rie rs, class A ___________ _________ _______________
D rie rs, class B ............. .................................................... .
D r u m fillers______________ ______________ _______ _
E lectric-cell m e n _______________ __________________
E lectric-cell re p a irm e n a n d c lean ers.......... ................. ..
E lec tric ia n s, m a in te n a n c e ____________________ ____
E v a p o ra to r m e n , class A ______________________ ___
E v a p o ra to r m e n , class B ......... .................. .....................
F illin g -m ach in e te n d e rs ___________________________
F ilte re rs, class A ________________ ___ _____________
F ilte re rs, class B ..... .......................................... ...............
G u a rd s _______ _______ ________ ________ ______ ___
J a n ito rs _________ ___________ _____ _______________
K e ttle m e n , class A ............. ..................... ............... .............
K e ttle m e n , class B .................................... .................... .
L a b o ra to ry a s s is ta n ts _______ _____ _______________
L e a d b u r n e r s ....................................................... ...................
M a c h in is ts , m a in te n a n c e _____ _________ __________
M illers, class A . . ________________ _________________
M illers, class B ............... ............................................ .......
M ixers, class A ................................ ........... ............. .............
M ixers, class B__...............................................................
P ip e fitters, m a in te n a n c e ..................................................
P u m p m e n ........ ......................... ..................... ............. ...........
S tillm e n , class A __________________________________
S tillm e n , class B .. ______ _______________________
S to ck c le rk s ________ ____ _________________________
S to ck h a n d le rs a n d tru c k e rs, h a n d . _____ __________
T r u c k d r i v e r s . . ................................... ............... .................
T ru c k e rs , p o w e r .................. ..................................... ...........
W a t c h m e n .............................. ........................................... ..
$1.79
1.62
1.48
1.45
1.59
1.35
1.60
1. 81
1.59
1.55
1.36
1.48
1.84
1.64
1.80
1. 50
1.97
1. 77
Ï. 67
1.35
2. Ü
1.96
1. 70
1.63
2.00
1.87
$2.13
2.20
2.12
1. 75
1.92
1. 66
2. 21
$1. 72
2.02
1.91
1.85
1.69
2.00
1. 64
1.80
1. 71
1. 91
1. 74
2. 05
2. 00
1. 74
1. 54
1.77
1.81
1.44
1.67
1. 56
1.87
2.09
2.12
1.81
2.26
2.04
2.15
1. 74
1. 55
2.02
1.90
1.79
1.58
1. 59
1.84
1.69
1.63
1.80
1.75
1.49
P r o d u c t io n o c c u p a tio n s — W o m e n
Janitors__________________ ______________________
Laboratory assistants____________________________
O ffice o c c u p a tio n s — W o m e n
Bookkeepers, hand......................... .......1...
Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A
Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B
Clerks, payroll______ ______ __________
Stenographers, general______ _________
Typists, class A .............................................
Typists, class B ............................................
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work.
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1, 638
ro 5
771 1
1 .1 8
2
1.53
1.16
1.15
Includes data for regions not shown separately.
1. 51
1. 51
1.48
1.35
1.30
1. 41
1.24
1.42
1.44
1.37
1.22
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
WAGES IN INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
and $1.55 an hour, respectively. Principal
material movement was performed by stock
handlers and hand truckers, who averaged $1.55
an hour. Of the custodial workers, men janitors
($1.47) and guards ($1.68) were numerically the
most important. Hourly wage levels of the
laboratory assistants who performed standard and
routine laboratory tests were $1.77 for the men
and $1.58 for the women.
Earnings Variations
Variations in earnings within the individual
production occupations were influenced by such
factors as location, type of chemical produced,
and size of establishment. Of minor importance
in this industry were earnings variations by sex
or method of wage payment. Women constituted
less than 3 percent of the nonofflce personnel,
and less than 5 percent of the workers were paid
on an incentive basis. About four-fifths of the
production workers were employed in chemical
plants which had negotiated collective-bargaining
agreements with one of the many unions in the
industry.
By region, occupational averages of industrial
chemical workers varied considerably. Although
industrial chemical plants are located in all the
principal economic regions, 85 percent of the
industry employment was reported in four regions:
Middle Atlantic (35 percent), Great Lakes (23
percent), Border States (16 percent), and South
west (11 percent); smaller concentrations of
workers were employed in the New England and
Pacific regions.3 Lowest earnings generally pre
vailed in New England and the highest in the
Southwest. In the 13 production jobs for which
comparable earnings data were available in
these six principal industrial chemical regions,
the differences between the highest and lowest
averages, by region, ranged from 15 to 43 percent.
In the five lowest-paid jobs, for which average
hourly earnings were $1.80 or less in each of the
six regions, the differences were from 15 to 21
percent. The highest regional averages for 7 of
» For purposes of this study, the regions for which separate data are pre
sented include: N ew England— Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, N ew
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—N ew Jersey,
N ew York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—Delaware, District of Co
lumbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and W est Virginia; Great Lakes—
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Southwest—
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Pacific— California, Nevada,
Oregon, and Washington.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
287
the 8 higher-paid jobs ranged from 19 to 43
percent above the lowest. In the two major
regions, Middle Atlantic and Great Lakes, job
averages approximated the national levels. No
consistent wage advantage existed between these
two regions, each being higher than the other in
about half the occupational averages. Earnings
on the Pacific Coast were typically above the
national levels; Border State occupational aver
ages were generally less than those for the whole
country.
Among selected product branches of the in
dustrial chemical industry in October-November
1951, lowest job earnings were reported primarily
in plants employing relatively few workers.
Cyclic crude plants had the lowest job averages;
almost all these plants employed fewer than 150
workers. In compressed and liquefied gas plants,
also employing relatively few workers, occupa
tional averages were generally below the levels for
the total industry surveyed. Workers primarily
engaged in processing sulfuric acids and alkalies
and chlorines tended to earn more than workers
in all establishments combined. In these branches
of the heavy chemical industry, three-fourths of
the workers were employed in plants with over
500 persons.
Grouped by size of establishment, occupational
wage averages were higher in the larger industrial
chemical establishments. On a national basis,
39 of the 40 production job averages were higher
in establishments employing more than 500
workers than in those with 21 to 500 workers.
For half of the jobs, the wage advantage in
the large plants ranged from 5 to 12 percent.
Higher averages in the larger establishments were
reported for most jobs in all the major regions
except the Pacific Coast, where no consistent
pattern existed; in the latter region, averages for
almost half the comparable jobs were higher in
the smaller-size group.
Chemical plants employing more than 500 per
sons comprised an eighth of the 600 establishments
in the survey; they employed 70 percent of the
work force. In five of the six major regions, at
least two-thirds of the workers were reported in
the larger plants ; in the Pacific region, on the other
hand, less than 28 percent were in large-size
establishments.
Minimum entrance rates ranging from 75 cents
to $1.75 an hour were effective in industrial chemi-
288
T a b l e 2.—Average
MONTHLY LABOR
W A G ES IN IN D U S T R IA L CHEMICALS
straight-time hourly earnings 1 of production workers in selected occupations in the industrial chemical
industry by selected branches of the industry, United States, October-November 1951
O ccu p atio n , grade, a n d sex
S u lfu ric
acid
A lk alies
and
ch lorines
C yclic
cru d es
In te rm e d i P la s tic m a C om pressed
ates, d y es,
terials
and
color lakes,
and
liq u efied
a n d to n ers elasto m ers
gases
Men
Absorbermen,........................................
Autoclave operators— ................. .......
Carpenters, maintenance__________
Chemical operators, class A _______
Chemical operators, class B _______
Chemical operators’ helpers_______
Compressors-.............................. ...........
Cylinder fillers................................... .
Driers, class A _ ........... - ............ ...........
Driers, class B ......... ..........................
Drum fillers............................... ..........
Electric-cell m en_________________
Electric-cell repairmen and cleaners.
Electricians, maintenance...................
Evaporator men, class A —..................
Evaporator men, class B _________
Filling-machine tenders___________
Filterers, class A _______ ____ _____
Filterers, class B._---------------------G u ard s..-----------------------------------Janitors_________________________
Kettlemen, class A _______________
Kettlemen, class B ______________
Laboratory assistants-------------------Lead burners_________ _____ _____
Machinists, maintenance__________
Millers, class A ---------------------------Millers, class B ._ -------- --------------Mixers, class A ___________________
Mixers, class B _________________
Pipe fitters, maintenance. .................
Pumpm en------- --------- -----------------Stillmen, class A _._______________
Stillmen, class B._......... ...... .........
Stock clerks------------- --------- --------Stock handlers and truckers, h a n d ..
Truck drivers____________________
Truckers, power............ .............. .........
W atchm en..--------------------------------
$1. 78
$1.63
$1.94
2. 01
1.75
1.64
1.87
1.83
1.76
1.77
2.12
$1.69
1.57
1.88
1.79
1.72
1.74
1.77
1. 56
1.59
1.90
1.81
1.72
1.81
1.68
1.90
1.88
1. 74
1. 67
1.80
1. 72
1.69
1. 58
1.91
1.43
2.19
1.95
1. 78
1.79
1.86
1.99
1.76
1.46
1.82
1.73
1.51
1.85
1.76
1.92
1. 75
1.87
1.81
1.76
1.55
1.66
1.65
1.61
1.61
1.47
1.61
Tèi'
1.73
2. 07
1. 98
2.15
1.89
1. 72
2.37
1.63
1.48
1.65
1. 59
1. 32
1.19
$1.86
1.85
1.74
1.59
$1.79
1.75
1.46
1.62
1.52
1.63
1.59
1.93
1.65
1.53
1.83
1.69
1.59
1.34
1.84
1. 71
1.62
1.54
1. 68
1.52
1.97
1.54
1.55
2.35
2.14
1.74
1.52
1.75
1.63
2.13
1.77
2.28
1. 87
1.62
1.54
1.86
1.70
1.28
1.96
1.69
1.56
1.66
1.62
1.92
1.77
1.80
1.69
1.65
1. 53
1.67
1.59
1.46
1.41
1.28
1.47
2.02
1.26
T "78
1.90
1. 86
1.60
1.51
1.64
1.44
Women
J a n ito rs ______________
L a b o ra to ry a ssista n ts.
1.38
1.65
i E x c lu d e s p re m iu m p a y for o v e rtim e a n d n ig h t w o rk .
cal plants in October-November 1951. In a dis
tribution of workers by plant-entrance rate, the
middle 50 percent were employed at plants with
rates of $1.20 to $1.50 an hour. Minimum en
trance rates exceeding this concentration were
reported principally in the Pacific and Great Lakes
regions.
Related Wage Practices
Almost all industrial chemical plants studied
had a work schedule of 40 hours a week for firstshift workers. The major variation from this
practice was reported in New England, where a
seventh of the men regularly worked 48 hours.
Because the industry operates mainly on a con
tinuous-process basis, relatively large portions of
workers were employed on late shifts; about 16
percent were on the second shift and about 14
percent on the third. Most late-shift workers
were paid a shift premium; the typical differen
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
tials were 5 cents an hour on the second shift and
10 cents on the third.
All chemical workers surveyed were covered by
a formal vacation plan. Plants employing a
majority of the workers granted vacations of 1
week after 1 year, 2 weeks after 2 years, and 3
weeks after 15 years. Regionally, there were two
major variations from the national pattern: in
New England, a majority of the workers received
a 2-week vacation after 1 year of service; and in
the Great Lakes region, a majority of the produc
tion workers were required to serve from 3 to 5
years for a 2-week vacation. The predominant
vacation benefit for office workers in each of the
major regions was 2 weeks after 1 year and at
least 3 weeks after 15 years. Six paid holidays a
year were received by most chemical workers;
seven holidays were granted to about a seventh.
Formal plans for the immediate payment of
sick leave with full-time pay were effective for
those with 1 year’s service in industrial chemical
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
plants employing about a ninth of the workers.
The principal plans provided for 5, 10, or 15 days
of sick leave a year. An additional sixth of the
employees received sick leave pay after a specified
waiting period or at reduced rates.
Nonproduction bonuses, paid mainly at Christ
mas or at the end of the year, were reported at
plants employing about a fifth of the workers.
The Middle Atlantic, Border, and Pacific regions
had the highest proportions of workers receiving
these bonuses.
Wage Chronology No. 29:
San Francisco Printing, 1939-51
rates and related working conditions
for printing trades employees in San Francisco,
as in many other large cities, have been deter
mined by collective bargaining for several decades.
Trade-unions in the San Francisco printing trades
predated the formal establishment of national
organizations in the industry. A local typo
graphical union is known to have been in existence
in the city in 1850, 2 years before the National
Typographical Union was formed at Cincinnati,
Ohio.1 The San Francisco local did not formally
affiliate with the national union until some years
later, and was first represented at the national
convention in 1860.
In their early days, both the local and the na
tional typographical unions included not only
compositors but also pressmen, press feeders,
photoengravers, stereotypers, electro typers, book
binders, and mailers. In 1886, the San Francisco
pressmen withdrew from the local, organized their
own unit, and immediately affiliated with the
International Printing Pressmen and Assistants’
Union, then in process of formation. Subse
quently, the bookbinders withdrew from the na
tional union and organized independently. Early
in the 1900’s, the stereotypers and electro typers,
and shortly after, the photoengravers, withdrew
from the typographical union and organized
separate national unions.
This chronology traces the developments and
changes in hourly and weekly wage rates and
W age
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
289
Industrial chemical establishments with at least
95 percent of the industry employment in each of
the major regions financed insurance or pension
plans either partially or totally. Life insurance
was the most common; health and hospitalization
plans were also prevalent. Employers with about
three-fourths of the work force contributed to
pension plans for their workers.
— J ean A. W ells
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
related conditions of employment from January 1,
1939, through July 1951 for two basic crafts in the
San Francisco commercial and newspaper printing
industry. Because of the long history of collec
tive bargaining in the industry, the initial entries
do not necessarily indicate changes in prior condi
tions of work.2
In commercial (book and job) printing the two
crafts covered are (1) hand compositors and type
setting operators, represented by the San Francisco
Typographical Union No. 21, International Typo
graphical Union (AFL), and (2) cylinder pressmen,
represented by the San Francisco Printing Press
men and Assistants’ Union No. 24, International
Printing Pressmen and Assistants’ Union of
North America (AFL). Throughout the period
covered by this chronology, the commercial print
ing establishments operating under the terms of
union agreements with the compositors were
represented by the Employing Printers’ Associa
tion of San Francisco (formerly known as the
Franklin Printing Trades Association). In deal
ing with the pressmen, they were represented by
the Employing Printers’ Association until Janu
ary 1942; subsequently, the Employing Printers’
Association and the Printing Trades Conference
of San Francisco represented the employers.
1 The first national convention of journeymen printers was held in N ew
York City in December 1850 and the second was held the following year in
Baltimore. At this time a constitution, subject to ratification by the locals
in the various States, was adopted. The constitution provided for a conven
tion in M ay 1852 and the adoption of the official title of the body.
For further information on the history of this union, see The International
Typographical Union, M onthly Labor Review, M ay 1952 (p. 493).
2 This is the third wage chronology dealing with the commercial and news
paper printing industry. The two printing chronologies previously published
covered negotiations in N ew York and Chicago since January 1, 1939. See
M onthly Labor Review, M ay 1951 or Serial No. R. 2037, and M onthly Labor
Review, July 1951 or Serial No. R. 2043.
MONTHLY LABOR
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
290
Newspapers:
Throughout the entire period, The San Fran
cisco Newspaper Publishers Association negoti
ated for four English-text daily newspapers in
dealing with the hand compositors and machine
operators, who were represented by San Fran
cisco Typographical Union No. 21, and with the
pressmen, represented by the San Francisco Web
Pressmen’s Union No. 4.
Separate contracts are negotiated for each of the
four union groups. Contracts in effect in the
spring of 1952 are as follows:
Compositors— negotiated July 17, 1950, to have been
in effect from th at date through July 28, 1951; the
new wage rates were made retroactive to April 16,
1950. However, on January 15, 1951, a supplemental
agreement extended the contract to April 26, 1952.
N ew wage rates were made retroactive to December
31, 1950.
Web pressmen— negotiated June 28, 1950, to have
been in effect from June 26, 1950, through July 28,
1951; the new wage rates were made retroactive to
April 16, 1950. B y supplemental agreement of Janu
ary 15, 1951, the contract was extended to April
26, 1952. N ew wage rates were made retroactive
to Decem ber 31, 1950.
Commercial:
Compositors— negotiated June 20, 1951, to be effec
tive from July 2, 1951, through M ay 31, 1952.
Cylinder pressmen— negotiated June 18, 1951, to be
effective for 1 year from June 4, 1951.
These contracts cover a total of approximately
2,300 employees: 1,600 compositors; 400 cylinder
pressmen; 300 web pressmen.
A—Changes in Wage Rates and Weekly Hours for Day Shifts
S ta n d a rd w eek ly h o u rs of w o rk 1
Increase in h o u rly ra te s (cents)
N ew spaper
C o m m ercial
N e w s p a p er
C om m ercial
E ffectiv e d a te
C om positors,
han d and
m ach in e
C y lin d e r
pressm en *
C o m p o sito rs,
hand and
m ach in e
1.
Q
Feb 13
Apr 13
Oct 1
Deo
To n 4M
lV Aad ril « 1
A8
O ---------------------
A nUor
rA
g.
--------------------S pc rpit,
P
o . O2 0U -------------------D e o ifi
i . Oi l l i . A --- --- -----------------n 1A Q
dT<oX11.
XJ----------------------
T f ln
1A ---------------------------------
6. 7
39. 3
20. 0
10. 0
9. 3
20. 6
10. 0
9. 3
25. 0
2. 8
25. 0
2. 8
28. 0
28. 0
37. 5
40. 0
40. 0
38. 0
40. 0
40. 0
38. 0
38. 0
37. 5
38. 0
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
30. 7
30. 7
16. 7
16. 7
1i 0J d^ 1A
A p r 1^
D o e .21
T lnl inl Co A. ----------------------------------«J
------------------------------------
5. 0
5. 0
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
-----------------------------------
13. 3
13. 3
1 Hours shown represent net working time, exclusive of lunch periods. In
effect, Jan 1, 1939: 40 hours for commercial crafts; 37.5 hours for newspaper
crafts
Increases shown for cylinder pressmen reflect changes in basic wage
scales for journeymen. In San Francisco, thebasic rate was paid for work on
2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
14. 4
3. 7
8. 0
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
14. 4
vxr
«JiA .Il«
«J U .I j
3. 3
36. 0
28. 0
1 J d U .
.•
37. 5
40. 0
10. 0
RO
¿j
37. 5
8. 0
28. 0
J nn 3
Ton
37. 5
40. 0
8. 0
2
n o
40. 0
40. 0
10. 0
Feb 1
1 QAQ • To n
37. 5
37. 5
5. 6
Feb 10
Tdo lnl .
»J
37. 5
40. 0
6. 3
17
P ressm en
37. 5
37. 5
2. 7
6. 7
D^c 27
11 0p 4d S*
o .
C o m p o sito rs,
hand and
m ac h in e
4. 0
Oct 21
1
C y lin d e r
p re ssm e n J
0
2. 5
1 O/d.4? • T o n 1 Q
Tilo li
n . O U — — ----------------U
lO f f iv T Jp n
C o m p o sito rs,
hand and
m ach in e
1. 0
1 OAO • Td n
TvTar ^
1
P ressm en
37. 5
37. 5
3. 7
8. 0
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
37. 5
the following equipment throughout the period covered:cylinder or manifold presses; second position on rotary magazine presses; 2-color presses;
coupon or roll ticket presses; wrapper roll presses; job cylinder presses. Special rates were paid for work on other presses. Changes in these rates d id
not always correspond to changes in the basic scale.
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
291
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
B—Hourly and Weekly R ates1 for Day Shifts
Commercial
Compositors, hand and
machine
Effective date
Hourly rate
1939: Jan. 1 4__________
Jan. 9 _____
Oct. 9_ _ _ __ __
1940: Jan. 2 9 __________
Mar. 8 _ .
Oct. 2 1 __________
1942: Jan. 19__________
Jan. 3 0 ____ ______
Feb. 13__________
Apr. 1 3 _ __ _____
Oct. 1 ______ _
D ec. 28 _______
1943: Jan. 4 ____________
Mar. 18__________
Dec. 27
_______
1945: Dec. 17__________
1946: Jan. 1____________
Aug. 26 _
_ __
Sept. 30 5________
Dec. 16 __
1947: Jan. 1____________
Jan. 19 6_
Feb. 10__________
1948: Jan. 1____________
Jan. 2_ __
Feb. 1___________
1949: January.. _ __
Jan. 3 . _ ______
Jan. 3 0 ...
1950: Jan. 2 __
Apr. 16 _ . .
Dec. 31 ______
1951: June 4 .
_____
July 2 ___________
$1. 30
Newspaper
Cylinder pressmen
8
W eekly rate
Hourly rate
W eekly rate
$52. 00
$1. 275
$51. 00
1. 30
52. 00
Compositors, hand and
machine
Hourly rate
$1. 28
1. 29
1. 30
1. 327
1. 393
1. 363
1. 356
54. 25
1. 456
58. 25
W eekly rate
$1. 18
$44. 25
1. 22
45. 75
1. 287
48. 25
1. 367
51. 25
1. 40
1. 76
52. 50
66. 00
2. 067
77. 50
2. 347
88. 00
49. 75
52. 25
55. 25
58. 50
1. 663
1. 763
1. 855
66. 50
70. 50
70. 50
1. 663
1. 763
1. 855
66. 50
70. 50
70. 50
2. 105
2. 133
80. 00
80. 00
2. 105
2. 133
80. 00
80. 00
2. 413
90. 50
2. 413
90. 50
2. 58
96. 75
2. 58
96. 75
2. 63
98. 63
2. 63
98. 63
1. 867
70. 00
2. 173
81. 50
2. 453
92. 00
2. 597
97. 40
2. 635
2. 715
2. 763
2. 763
$48. 00
48. 375
48. 75
Hourly rate
54. 50
1. 473
1. 463
W eekly rate
Pressm en8
98. 80
101. 80
103. 60
2. 491
93. 40
2. 528
2. 608
94. 80
97. 80
103. 60
> Weekly rates are based on standard hours, as shown in table A.
8 See footnote 2, table A.
* Except make-ready men on color presses and men who set color on color
presses. U ntil Dec. 17, 1945, 50 cents a shift more than the journeyman
day or night rate was paid for this work; on that date, the extra premium
was changed to 10 percent over the journeyman rate.
4 Rates in eflect at beginning of year.
5 Weekly hours reduced from 40 to 38 with no loss in pay.
« Weekly hours reduced from 38 to 37.5, effective Jan. 19,1947.
C—Premium Pay for Night Work (cents per hour in excess of day rates)
C o m m ercial
E ffectiv e d a te
C o m p o sito rs, h a n d a n d
m ach in e
F ir s t n ig h t
s h ift3
1939: Jan. 1
Jan. 9_. _
. . .
Oct. 9___________________
1940: Jan. 2 9 . . .
____
Mar. 8 ___
Oct. 21__________________
1942: Jan. 19 __ . . _ __
Jan. 30__ . . . .
Feb.13_________________
Apr. 13____ ___________
Oct. 1___________________
Dec. 28__
______
See footnotes a t end of table.
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8. 8
8. 8
Second n ig h t
s h ift4
40. 0
42. 3
N ew spaper
C y lin d e r p ressm en ■
F ir s t n ig h t
s h ift3
Second n ig h t
s h ift4
7. 3
38. 7
7. 5
39. 2
7. 5
40. 6
7. 5
42. 9
C o m p o sito rs, h a n d a n d
m ach in e
F ir s t n ig h t
s h ift3
S econd n ig h t
s h ift8
6. 7
6. 7
6. 7
16. 7
16. 7
16. 7
6. 7
6. 7
16. 7
16. 7
6. 7
16. 7
P re s sm e n 8
N ig h t w o rk
None
None
None
4. 0
4.0
MONTHLY LABOR
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
292
C—Premium Pay for Night Work (cents per hour in excess of day rates)—Continued
N e w sp a p er
C om m ercial
E ffective d a te
C om positors, h a n d a n d
m ach in e
F ir s t n ig h t
s h ift3
F ir s t n ig h t
s h ift3
Second n ig h t
s h ift4
P ressm en J
C o m p o sito rs, h a n d a n d
m ach in e
F ir s t n ig h t
s h ift3
Second n ig h t
s h ift5
N ig h t w o rk
4. 0
1943- Jan 4
Mar 18
T )p c
Second n ig h t
s h ift4
C y lin d e r p re ssm e n 1
8. 8
42. 3
4. 0
13. 3
9.7
1945: Dec. 17
1 Q4.fi- J a n 1
A u g 2d
ftpTit,
D r c 1 fi
12. 5
12 5
13. 2
53. 8
56. 1
46. 8
12. 5
12. 5
13. 2
53. 8
56. 1
46. 8
1947- Jan 1
Jan 19
13 2
13. 3
51. 0
48. 2
13. 2
13. 3
51. 0
48. 2
13. 3
52. 5
13. 3
52. 5
10
1
,T an 9
Tffih 1
1 9 4 9 - .T a n . 3
.T an 3D
1Q 5 fl- Jfl.n 9
13. 3
27. 6
13. 3
29. 8
13. 3
31. 8
13. 3
33. 3
13. 3
T^ph
13. 3
13. 3
55. 1
13. 3
55. 1
13. 3
55. 8
13. 3
55. 8
13. 3
13. 3
1 Qft 1 • J i m p 4J u ly 2
13. 3
13. 3
13. 3
33. 1
33. 6
13. 3
13. 3
Apr. 16
Dec. 31
57. 9
57. 8
1 See footnote 2, table A.
» Except make-ready men on color presses and men who set color on color
presses. Until Dec. 17, 1945, 50 cents a shift more than the journeyman day
or night rate was paid for this work; on that date the extra premium was
changed to 10 percent over the journeyman rate.
3 Standard workweek same as for day shift (table A ).
4 The higher hourly premiums shown are due in part to the fact that while
weekly earnings are the same for first and second (lobster) night shifts, the
standard workweek for the latter is shorter. In commercial printing/the
second night-shift workweek for compositors and cylinder pressmen was 32.5
hours throughout the period covered.
8 Until Dec. 17, 1945, the workweek was 37.5 hours for all shifts. The
premium for the second night shift was computed on the basis of the first
night-shift rate plus 75 cents for each shift worked between 10 p. m. and 6
a. m.; on Dec. 17, 1945, the workweek for the second night shift was reduced
to 35 hours and a second night-shift scale, as such, wasjestablished.
D—Hourly and Weekly Rates for Night Shifts in Newspaper Printing
Pressmen
Compositors, hand and machine
Effective date
1939: Jan.
Jan.
Oct.
1940: Jan.
Oct
1_
9_
9
29
21
1 9 4 9 - .Ta.n
19
19431945:
19461947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
Apr. 13
D ec 28
Jan. 4
D ec. 27
Dec. 1 7 ________________________________
D ec. 16
Feb. 10
Feb. 1 _ ___
_ _
_____
Jan. 3 __
_
Jan. 30
____
__
Apr. 1 6 _ _ ______ __ __
D ec. 31 __
_
_ _
First night shift
Hourly rate 2 Weekly rate 2
Hourly rate
Weekly rate
$1. 347
1. 357
1. 367
$50. 50
50. 88
51. 25
$1. 447
1. 457
1. 467
$54. 25
54. 64
55. 00
1. 393
1. 46
52. 25
54. 75
1. 493
1. 56
56. 00
58. 50
1. 54
57. 75
1. 64
61. 50
2. 00
2. 307
75. 00
86. 50
2. 143
2. 471
75. 00
86. 50
2. 587
2. 731
97. 00
102. 40
2. 771
2. 926
97. 00
102. 40
2. 768
2. 848
103. 80
106. 80
2. 966
3. 051
103. 80
106. 80
1 Except make-ready men on color presses and men who set color on color
presses. Until Dec. 17,1945, 50 cents a shift more than the journeyman day
or night rate was paid for this work; on that date, the extra premium was
changed to 10 percent over the journeyman rate.
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Second night shift
N ight work i
Hourly rate
Weekly rate
None
None
N one
$1. 26
N one
N one
N one
$47. 25
1. 327
49. 75
1. 407
1. 44
1. 893
52. 75
54. 00
71. 00
2. 20
2. 48
82. 50
93. 00
2. 624
2. 661
2. 741
98. 40
99. 80
102. 80
* U ntil Dec. 17, 1945, the workweek was 37.5 hours for all shifts. The
premium for the second night shift was computed on the basis of the first
night-shift rate plus 75 cents for each shift worked between 10 p. m. and
6 a. m.; on Dec. 17,1945, the workweek for the second night shift was reduced
to 35 hours and a second night-shift scale, as such, was established.
293
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
REVIEW , SEPTEM BER 1952
E—Related Wage Practices 1
Newspaper
Commercial
Effective date
Cylinder pressmen
Compositors, hand and machine
Compositors, hand and machine
Pressmen
Premium Pay for Unscheduled Shifts
I
Jan. 1, 1939 (in ef
fect).
First night rate plus 33J4i cents
per shift paid to shifts begin
ning between 7 a. m. and 6
p. m. and ending after 6 p. m.,
except Thursday.*
No provision for premium pay
for unscheduled shifts.*
Night rate paid for all hours
worked by crews called during
a shift and required to work
into the hours of another shift.
Apr. 12,1940 _____
First night rate plus 50 cents
paid to shifts beginning before
4 p. m. and ending after 8 p.
m.; second night rate plus 50
cents paid to shifts beginning
before 5 a. m. and ending after
9 a. m.
Changed to: First night rate plus
50 cents paid to shifts begin
ning between 7 a. m. and 6 p.
m. and ending after 6 p. m.
TW 17 1Q4.fi
Jan 1 1Q4fi
Increased to: $1 a shift________
Overtime Pay—Daily
Jan. 1, 1939 (in effeet).
Time and one-half for work beyond regular maximum shift.4
Mar. 8, 1940.
Apr. 12, 1940.
Time and one-half for work be
yond regular hours on day
shifts to 12 midnight except
on holidays;4 double time
thereafter.
Time and one-half for work be
yond regular hours on night
shifts except on holidays.
Changed to: Time and one-half
for first 4 hours in excess of reg
ular working hours; double
time thereafter.
Added: Time and one-half for
work before the regular start
ing time within the shift hours.
Changed to: Time and one-half
for first 4 hours beyond regu
lar shift; double time there
after.
Added: Time and one-half for
work before posted starting
time within the shift hours;
double time for work before
posted starting time outside
the shift hours.
Jan. 30,1942.
Changed to: Time and one-half
for work after 7 hours (second
night shift).
Dec. 17, 1945.
Changed to: Time and one-half
for first 4 hours in excess of reg
ular hours, double time for the
next 4 hours, and triple time
thereafter until an 8-hour rest
period was given.
Jan. 1, 1946.
Jan. 1, 1947.
Time and one-half for work after
7J4 hours (all shifts).*
Changed to: Time and one-half
for first 4 hours beyond regular
shift, double time for the next
4 hours, and triple time there
after until an 8-hour rest pe
riod was given.
See footnotes a t end of table.
2 1 9 4 1 0 — 52— — 4
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Time and one-half for work after
7H hours.*
294
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
MONTHLY LABOR
E—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
Commercial
Newspaper
Effective date
Compositors, hand and machine
Cylinder pressmen
Compositors, hand and machine
Pressmen
Premium Pay for Work on Sixth Day or Saturday
Jan. 1, 1939 (in ef
fect).
No provision for premium pay
for work on sixth day or Satur
day.
Time and one-half for work on
Saturday if employee worked
previous Monday. N ot ap
plicable if there was a recog
nized holiday during the
week.
Changed to: Time and one-half
for all Saturday shifts as such.7
Mar. 8,1940______
Feb. 13, 1942..........
Time and one-half for work on
sixth consecutive shift or on
regular day or night oft.
Dec. 17, 1945______
Aug. 26, 1946______
No provision for premium pay foi work on sixth day or Saturday.
Time and one-half for work on r egular day or night oil or tne sixtn
shift within the financial week.
Added: Time and one-half for
all Saturday shifts as such.1
Feb. 10, 1947.............
Changed to: Time and one-half
for work on sixth shift within
financial week.
Premium Pay for Work on Sunday
Jan. 1,1939 (in effeet).
Mar. 8, 1940______
1
Double time for regular shift hours: triple time thereafter..
Jan. 1, 1946_______
Jan. 1, 1947...............
Changed to: Triple timo for first
4 hours beyond regular shift;
quadruple time for the next 4
hours; and sextuple time
thereafter until an 8-hour rest
period was given.
Changed to: M inimum of
double time for 4 hours guar
anteed for each call to work on
Sundays; double time, if 5
continuous hours worked;
after 5 hours, employee re
quired to return to work fol
lowing lunch period was paid
double time for complete shift.
Triple time for first 4 hours of
Sunday overtime; quadruple
timo thereafter.
Changed to: Triple time for first
4 horns of Sunday overtime;
quadruple time for next 4
hours; and sextuple time
thereafter.
Changed to: Double time for
regular shift hours worked,
w ith minimum of 4 hours.
January 1949______
shifts on 5- or 6-day news
papers that began before 12
noon.
See footnotes a t end of table.
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REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
295
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
E—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
Commercial
Newspaper
Effective date
Compositors, hand and machine
Cylinder pressmen
Compositors, hand and machine
Pressmen
1 day’s pay for 4 hours and 20
minutes continuous work on 6
holidays; time and one-half
thereafter, exclusive of lunch
period. N o pay for holidays
not worked.
1 day’s pay for 5 hours continuous
work on 6 holidays; time and
one-half thereafter, exclusive of
lunch period. No pay for holi
days not worked.
Changed to: 1 day’s pay for 4
hours’ work; double time
thereafter, exclusive of lunch
period.
Changed to: 1 day’s pay for 4
hours and 40 minutes work;
double time thereafter, exclu
sive of lunch period.
Holiday P a y
Jan. 1, 1939 (in
effect).
1
Double time for work within re gular hours on 6 holidays; triple
time thereafter. N o pay for h didays not worked.
Changed to: Triple time for
first 4 hours overtime; quad
ruple time thereafter. M ini
mum holiday pay, double
time for 4 hours.
Mar. 8,1940.........._
Dec. 17, 1945............
Jan. 1, 1946............. .
2paid holidays established.
2
paid holidays established;
double time for hours worked
(minimum of 4 hours). Tri
ple time for first 4 hours of
holiday overtime; quadruple
time for next 4 hours; and sex
tuple time thereafter.
Dec. 16, 1946-..........
Changed to: Double time and
one-half for holiday overtime,
exclusive of lunch time.
Jan. 1,1947..............- Added: 4 paid holidays (total 6).
Feb. 10, 1947............ Changed to: Double time for
regular shift hours worked.
Triple time for first 4 hours of
overtime; quadruple time for
next 4 hours; and sextuple
time thereafter.
Jan. 1, 1948_______ Changed to: Double and one-h ilf time for regular shift hours
worked on recognized holidays.
Feb. 1, 1948..........
June 4,1951.......... .
July 2,1951............. Added: 1 paid holiday (total 7).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Added: 1 paid holiday (total 7).
Changed to: Double and one-half
time for holiday overtime, ex
clusive of lunch time.
Changed to: 1 day’s pay received
for 4 jr^ hours work.
Added: Straight-time pay for
work normally scheduled if
publisher failed to publish, or
no work was performed in
pressroom on a holiday.
296
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
MONTHLY LABOR
E—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
C o m m e rc ial
N e w sp a p er
E ffe ctiv e d a te
C o m positors, h a n d a n d m ach in e
C y lin d e r p ressm en
C o m p o sito rs, h a n d a n d m a c h in e
P ressm en
Paid, Vacations
Jan. l, 1939 (m
effect).
Oct. 21, 1939...
No provision for paid vacations.
Apr. 12, 1940.
Employer to contribute 2 per
cent of weekly or daily earn
ings, to be accumulated for
vacation fund. Length of va
cation not specified.
N o p ro v isio n for p a id v acatio n s.
Paid vacations established: 2
weeks w ith pay for employees
with 1 year’s service prior to
November 1 of each year; other
employees granted 1 day for
each 25 shifts worked.
Apr. 21, 1941
1day w ith pay for each full unit
of 25 straight-time shifts worked
m year ending M ay 1 of each
year.*
Jan. 30, 1942.
-- Employer to contribute 2 per
cent of weekly or daily earn
ings to be accumulated for va
cation fund. Length of vaca
tion not specified.
Dec. 17, 1945.
Jan. 1, 1946Dec. 16, 1946
Increased to: 4 percent.
Jan. 1, 1947...
Extra day’s vacation with pay at straight time if a holiday fell with
in vacation period.
Changed to: 2 weeks for em
ployees holding regular situa
tions • during entire previous
calendar year and working at
least 225 shifts; other em
ployees granted H s of a day’s
pay for each shift worked, but
not to exceed 10 days.10
Changed to: 2 weeks for em
ployees who worked at least
225 shifts in entire previous
calendar year; other employees
granted Hs of a day’s pay for
each shift worked, but not to
exceed 10 days.:®
Added: 3 weeks for employees
with 3 or more years’ contin
uous service holding regular
situations during entire pre
vious calendar year and work
ing at least 220 shifts; others
with more than 3 years’ con
tinuous service g ra n te d Ho
of a day’s pay for each shift
worked, but not to exceed 15
days.
Feb. 10, 1947.
Feb. 1, 1948.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Added: 3 weeks for employees
with 3 or more years’ contin
uous service, holding regular
situations during entire pre
vious calendar year and work
ing at least 220 shifts; others
with more than 3 years’ con
tinuous service granted He of
a day’s pay for each shift
worked, but not to exceed 15
days.
Added: Regularly scheduled em
ployees working 4 shifts in 1
week and required to work 12
or more hours overtime re
ceived vacation credit for 5
shifts.
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 29
297
E—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
Commercial
Newspaper
Effective date
Compositors, hand and machine
Cylinder pressmen
Compositors, hand and machine
Pressmen
Paid Lunch Periods
Jan. 1, 1939
effect).
(in
N o provision for paid lunch periods____________
Mar. 8, 1940______
H hour paid lunch period pro
vided during regular 8-hour
shift; Yi hour paid lunch pe
riod after every 5 hours of con
tinuous overtime, provided
employee returned to work at
expiration of lunch period.
Time and one-half paid for any
part of the lunch period
worked after 5 consecutive
hours until lunch period was
taken.
Dec. 17, 1945______
Jan. 1, 1946_______
Jan. 1, 1947____
Paid lunch periods during reg
ular shifts discontinued.
Double time paid for any part
of lunch period worked after
4H consecutive hours until
lunch period was taken.
Changed to: Double time.
Changed to: Double time paid
for any part of the lunch pe
riod worked after 4 Y consec
utive hours until lunch pe
riod was taken.
Feb. 10, 1947______
Changed to: A ny subsequent
lynch periods after the first
lunch period were paid.
Reporting Time
Jan. 1, 1939 (in
effect).
Minimum of 4 hours’ pay guaranteed day-shift extras starting
work during a shift.
Changed to: Day-shift extras,
minimum of 4 hours’ pay
guaranteed if called before
shift began; balance of the
shift, with minimum of 4
hours guaranteed, if called
before shift ended.
Full
shift’s pay guaranteed em
ployee called to work the first
or second night shift or hired
and not put to work, unless
discharged for cause. Mini
mum of double time for 4
hours guaranteed for each
call to work on Sundays or
holidays. Double time if 5
continuous hours worked;
after 5 hours, employee re
quired to return to work fol
lowing lunch period was paid
for complete shift.
Apr. 12,1940............
Jan. 1, 1947...............
Changed to: Day-shift extras,
guaranteed 4 hours or balance
of the shift, whichever was
greater, if starting work after
the posted starting time of
the shift.
Changed to: All employees, full
shift’s pay guaranteed except
when employee was discharg
ed for cause or excused at his
own request.
See footnotes at end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Deleted: “ Minimum of 4 hours’
pay guaranteed if called be
fore shift ended.”
Full shift’s pay guaranteed ex
cept when employee was dis
charged for cause or excused
at his own request.
Full shift’s pay guaranteed ex
cept in emergency.11
298___________________________ __ _________ WAGE
CHRONOLOGY NO. 29_______________________MONTHLY LABOR
E—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
C om m ercial
N e w sp a p er
E ffe ctiv e d a te
C om positors, h a n d a n d m ach in e
C y lin d e r p ressm en
C o m p o sito rs, h a n d a n d m ach in e
P ressm en
Call-Back Time
Jan. 1, 1939 (in
effect).
N o provision for call-back tim e__________________
Time and one-half plus $1 for
call-backs of more than onehalf hour after completed
shift; overtime rate paid until
dismissal, w ithout deduction
for the time unemployed, if
called within a half hour.
Feb. 10, 1947______
Fifty cents extra if called back
within 10 hours to work an
other shift; $1 extra if required
to work another shift with no
time off between shifts.
Changed to: If called back within
hours, $1 an hour extra paid
for each hour less than 10, ex
cept Saturday, when an extra
was paid for each hour
worked less than 9.
10
$1
Apr. 16, 1950............
Added: Extras not hired and
not given starting time at
“showing-up tim e” hut called
back within 7H hours there
after paid $1 in addition to
the scale.
Severance Allowance
Jan. 1, 1939 T (in
effect).
1week’s notice or 1 week’s pay in
No provision for severance allowance.
Dec. 17,1945
1
The last entry under each item represents the most recent change.
s Regular shift hours for compositors, hand and machine, throughout the
period covered:
Day, between 7:30 a. m. and 5:30 p. m.
First night, between 4 p. m. and 3:30 a. m.
Second night (lobster), starting after 8 p. m.
For cylinder pressmen:
Day, between 7:30 a. m. and 5:30 p. m.
First night, until Jan. 1, 1946, call must have been within
hour of the
termination of the previous shift; after that date, call must have been
within 4 hours of the termination of the previous shift.
Second night, until Mar. 8, 1940, starting after 9 p. m.; Mar. 8, 1940, to
Jan. 30, 1942, starting after 8:30 p. m. except when the day shift had
worked 3 hours or more overtime; since Jan. 30, 1942, starting after
7:30 p. m. except when the day shift had worked 3 hours or more over
time.
Regular shift hours for compositors, hand and machine:
Day, between 7 a. m. and 6 p. m.
First night, until Dec. 17, 1945, starting between 6 p. m. and 10 p. m.;
Dec. 17, 1945, to Dec. 16, 1946, starting between 6 p. m. and 9 p. m.;
since Dec. 16,1946, starting between 6 p. m. and 8:30 p. m.
Second night, until Dec. 17,1945, starting at or after 10 p. m.; Dec. 17,1945,
to Dec. 16,1946, starting at or after 9 p. m.; since Dec. 16,J1946,.'starting
at or after 8:30 p. m.
For web pressmen, since Jan. 29, 1940:
Day, between 7 a. m. and 7 p. m.
Night, beginning or ending between 7 p. m. and 7 a. m.
8
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4 weeks’ straight-time pay to
employees with 6 months or
more as regular situation hold
ers who were dismissed by rea
son of permanent suspension
of publication or newspaper
merger and not reemployed
at full time by merged news
paper.
case of permanent suspension
of publication.
Changed to: 4 weeks’ straighttime pay to employees with 6
months or more as regular situ
ation holders who were dis
missed by reason of permanent
suspension of publication or
newspaper merger and not re
employed at full time by
merged newspaper.
4
Length of day shift and first night shift: 8 hours, up to Sept. 30, 1946;
7 hours and 36 minutes, Sept. 30, 1946 to Jan. 19, 1947; 7\4 hours thereafter.
Length of second night (lobster) shift:
hours throughout period covered.
Length of day shift and first night shift:
hours throughout period
covered. Length of second night (lobster) shift:
hours up to Dec. 17,
1945; 7 hours thereafter. $1 bonus paid to workers called to work more than
hours before regular starting time; effective Dec. 16,1946, changed to: more
than \4 hour before starting time; effective January 1949, changed to: “early”
starts, 50 cents in addition to scale (every day).
Length of day or night shift: 8 hours (consecutive) of which \4 hour
allowed and paid for as lunch time. Dec. 17, 1945, wording changed to read:
7\4 hours within 8 hours constitute day’s (or night’s) work.
Effective Jan. 1, 1947, no employee obliged to work Saturday, but any
who did was paid at time and one-half; effective Jan. 3,1949, if called to work
on Saturday day shifts, 4 hours constituted minimum shift.
Vacation credits nullified when employment ceased before scheduled
vacation, whether because of resignation, death, or final discharge.
A “regular situation” is a full-time job held by a journeyman.
Employee leaving job, voluntarily or otherwise, received vacation credit
pay on pro rata basis; if employee died, employer paid to union accrued vaca
tion credit on pro rata basis, such money to be held in escrow until proper
beneficiaries had been determined.
n “ Emergency” was defined in the contract as an unusual condition caused
by circumstances over which the publisher had no control.
5
2
6
7
8
8
10
— M a r io n
W.
R o b b in s
D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
NATIO NAL YOUTH EMPLOYAIENT POLICY
A National Policy
on Youth Employment
To a l e r t c i t i z e n s to the importance of education
for the Nation’s youth as well as to the need for the
provision of good working conditions for young
people, a National Policy on Employment of
School-Age Youth has been issued by the Secretary
of Labor.1 Suggestions by the Committee on
Manpower Policy of the Office of Defense Mobil
ization were embodied in this policy, which was
formulated with the aid and approval of the
Advisory Committee on Young Workers to the
Bureau of Labor Standards of the U. S. Depart
ment of Labor.
The policy is directed to employers, placement
workers, schools, parents, unions, Government,
and community groups. It recommends the en
couragement of young people to obtain the best
education they can—at least to complete high
school—and encouragement of schools to adjust
their curriculums and services to meet students’
needs more adequately.
Help should be given to youth who are seeking
jobs through vocational guidance, training oppor
tunities, and placement services. Part-time and
vacation jobs, the policy points out, should be
arranged to provide constructive experience and,
at the same time, allow time and energy for educa
tion, recreation, and personal development.
All child-labor and school-attendance laws
should be continuously observed and enforced, the
policy states, and full protection of labor and
social-security laws should be provided. Workers
employed during school hours or in manufacturing
should be at least 16 years of age; those employed
outside school hours as part of the regular hired
labor force should be at least 14; and those in
hazardous occupations should be 18 years of age.
Employment or age certificates should be obtained
by all workers under 18, as proof of age and assur
ance that local child-labor standards are being met.
Minor workers should be treated with under
standing and respect; their work places should be
1Copies of the policy statement and accompanying leaflets are available
upon request to the Bureau of Labor Standards, U . S. Department of Labor,
Washington 25, D . C.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
299
safe and healthful; they should be given good
supervision, training, and a chance to develop on
the job; their hours of work should not exceed 8 a
day or 40 a week—and when the young worker is
attending school, not more than 4 hours daily at
the most. The part-time work limit set should
take into consideration the age, strength, and
obligations of the young worker as well as legal
child-labor standards, school hours, and duration
of the job. Early morning and night work should
be avoided; and at least 1 full day of rest in 7
should be provided.
With regard to young men at or near draft age,
it is urged that they be given full opportunity for
employment pending their call into military serv
ice. Those entering the Armed Forces should be
helped to make use of opportunities in military
service that will advance their long-range voca
tional objectives.
Because the country’s interests require the
development and use of its manpower for defense
and essential civilian needs, voluntary cooperation
by all groups concerned is needed to develop and
apply the practices that will carry out the policy.
In connection with the adoption of this policy,
the Bureau of Labor Standards stressed the
importance of encouraging those who seek college
educations. It stated that “American leadership
will depend for the foreseeable future on qualitytrained technicians, alert citizens, mature adults.”
Many more engineers are needed than the number
who are graduating in 1952, and the number of
young people who are earning degrees in all fields
is far below professional needs.
Agencies undertaking to direct the implemen
tation of the National Policy on Employment of
School Age Youth should obtain, as background
information for the locality covered, data on
work permits issued and number of young workers
of various ages. The kinds of jobs they fill,
their wages, school status, and condition of health
should also be ascertained. Careful attention
should be given to the counseling and guidance
services available and to the degree of moral
and financial support which citizens give to the
schools in their efforts to furnish the educational
facilities needed.
300
P RICE REG U LATIO NS
Ceiling Price Regulations 154-161;
Suspension of Some Price Controls
ities comprised stabilization activity for July
1952.1 These are summarized in the following
tabulations.
A doption of eight new ceiling price regulations
and the suspension of controls on certain com m od
1 Sources: Federal Registers, vol. 17, N o. 131, July 4, 1052, p. 8034; vol. 17,
N o. 132, July 8,1952, p. 6086; vol. 17, N o. 135, July 11,1952, pp. 6216 and 6224;
vol. 17, N o. 136, July 12,1952, p. 6258; vol. 17, N o. 141, July 19, 1952, pp. 6660
and 6667; vol. 17, N o. 142, July 22,1952. p. 6696; and vol. 17, N o. 146, July 26,
1952, p. 6842.
Major Provisions of CPR’s Adopted in July 1952
CPR
No.
Date issued
154
July
155
July 10
156
3
Effective
date
Commodity covered
8
C h a r c o a l__ _______
July 15
Western Red Cedar
and Inter-M oun
tain poles and pil
ing.
July
__ do____ __ do____ Fabricated structural
steel, m iscellane
ous and ornamen
ta l iron, and ves
sel shop products
for field assembly
or erection.
157
July 11
July 16
Eastern w ood______
158
July 18
July 23
California Redwood
lumber.
159
__ do____ __ do____
Milk sold in Juneau,
Alaska.
160
July 21
July 26
U sed s t e e l drum s
sold in Alaska.
161
July 24
Sept, 24
C on su m er d u rab le
goods.
Scope of provision
Distribution level
Establishes dollar-and-cent ceiling prices, on a
harvesting and nonharvesting basis, for
charcoal sold in the Virgin Islands.
Fixes ceilings for sales of untreated Western
P r o d u c e r s ____
Larch and Inland Douglas Fir poles, piling,
anchor logs, reinforcing stubs, and short
round material produced in the portion of
the U . S. w est of the 100th meridian and east
of the crest of the Cascade M ountains. Also
covers all sales of the same item s of Western
Red Cedar produced w est of 100th meridian.
In addition, it establishes ceilings for the
sales by treaters of these item s after they
have been preservatively treated.
Fabricators _ _
Provides th at a fabricator m ust determine
ceilings for the product involved by estim at
ing costs (on the basis of prices and rates in
effect at the tim e of submission of bid), and
adding nine-tenths of the percentage markup
for profit received for a comparable product
during the base period (July 1, 1950, thru
March 31, 1951). In general, products
covered are the structural components of
buildings, bridges, and other construction
projects and large equipm ent and facilities
used in various industrial processes.
Establishes ceiling prices for the service of
P ro d u cers and
treaters.
preservatively treating forest products and
for sales by treaters by pressure or non
pressure processes, when the treatm ent is
done in the part of the U. S. east of the 100th
meridian, except N . D ak., and S. Dak.
M anufacturers____ Fixes dollars-and-cents ceilings for California
Redwood lumber produced in any plant or
mill located in Calif., or Oregon.
W holesale and re E stablishes ceilings for sales of fresh milk in
tail.
Juneau, Alaska and a radius of 10 miles from
the city lim its.
Various
_ _ _ E stablishes ceiling prices a t all levels of dis
tribution for em pty raw and reconditioned
used steel drums of 40- to 58-gallon capacity,
inclusive, fabricated of 16- to 20-gage steel,
inclusive, sold in Alaska. Also covers the
service of reconditioning raw steel drums.
M anufacturers___ Provides method for establishing ceiling prices
for certain new consumer durable commodi
ties, replacing the new-com m odity sections
of C PR 22 and of the GCPR. Basic tech
nique used in establishing ceilings is com
parison pricing.
R etail __ _ ______
Suspension of Controls (Supplementary Regulations)
123
July
7
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
July
7
U n trea ted E astern
railroad ties.
Producers
Suspends from the provisions of C PR 123, pro
ducers sales for export of untreated Southern
Pine cross ties. This action was taken in
order to remove any price im pedim ent to an
adequate production for export.
Technical Note
The New Daily Index
of Spot Market Prices
d a i l y i n d e x of commodities traded on spot
markets and organized exchanges has been revised
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as part of its
general program for maintaining its various price
indexes. This price index is designed to measure
the general trend and movement of those com
modity prices which, as a result of daily trading in
fairly large volume of standardized qualities, are
particularly sensitive to factors affecting spot
markets and traders’ estimates of current and
future economic forces and conditions.
The revised daily index is not a continuation
of the former one. It is a separate and distinct
index and is based on the prices of 22 commodities;
it replaces the former index, based on 28 com
modities, which has been published since January
1940. A comparison of the two indexes over the
past several years shows that the amplitude of the
fluctuations in the revised index is greater than
in the former index.
The commodities included in the revised daily
index are either raw materials or commodities very
close to the initial production stage. Highly
fabricated commodities which have relatively large
fixed costs built into their prices, and therefore
have more stability, are not included. In order to
avoid having the index dominated by specific
agricultural conditions or seasonal patterns for a
few raw commodities, certain commodities are
priced at the semi-fabricated stage and some
agricultural products are not included. The
exclusion of fabricated products and most semifabricated commodities, and the careful selection
of commodities which are particularly sensitive
to the forces acting on open markets and organized
T he
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
exchanges, contribute to the greater sensitivity
of this index compared with the Bureau’s whole
sale price index. The influence of some inter
national markets upon the economy is also
reflected by the inclusion of various commodities
which are important in international trade.
The commodities included in the former index
were reviewed in light of market developments
since World War II, and some have been changed
for the revised index. Six commodities (barley,
coffee, flaxseed, shellac, silk, and Philadelphia
steel scrap) included in the former index were
excluded from the revised index. These were
excluded because (1) they are no longer traded
in large enough volume to get accurate daily
prices, (2) their prices tend to be stable over
long periods of time, or (3) they react to forces
which reflect specialized conditions and not broad
economic conditions. For other commodities,
the item has been retained, but the specification
has been changed.
The most apparent difference between the
former and the revised indexes is the change in
the base period. The revised index is based
on the average of prices for the 3 years—1947,
1948, and 1949; the former index was based on
August 1939 prices. This 3-year average is
also the base period for the Bureau’s revised
wholesale price index, and it conforms with the
postwar base period for Federal index numbers
recommended by the Division of Statistical
Standards of the Bureau of the Budget.
The daily index is an unweighted geometric
mean of the individual commodity price relatives,
i. e., the ratio of the current price to the base
period price. This means that price differentials
among the commodities have no distorting effect
upon the index numbers. A 10-percent change
in the price of tallow which is quoted in cents per
pound has the same effect as an equal percent
301
302
SPOT M A R K E T P RICE IN D E X
MONTHLY LABOR
Daily Index of Spot Market Prices
(1) Commodities to be included in index:
Commodity and unit
Specification
Market
Burlap, yd_______
Butter, lb________
Cocoa beans, lb___
Copper scrap, lb__
Corn, bu________
Cotton, lb_______
Cottonseed oil, lb__
Hides, l b ________
Hogs, 100 lb_____
Lard, lb_________
Lead scrap, lb____
Print cloth, y d ___
Rosin, lb________
Rubber, lb _______
Steel scrap, ton___
Steers, 100 lbs____
Sugar, 100 lbs____
Tallow, lb_______
Tin, lb__________
Wheat, bu_______
40", 10-ounce yard________________________________ New York
Grade A, 92 score_________________________________ Chicago
Accra____________________________________________ New York
No. 1 heavy copper and wire, refiners’ buying price______ New York
No. 3 yellow______________________________________ Chicago
1%e" middling staple_______________________________ 10 mkt. avg.
Crude, southeast and valley_________________________ Memphis
Cow, light native packers___________________________ Chicago
Good to choice, 200-220 pounds______________________ Chicago
Prime steam, in tierces_____________________________ Chicago
Battery plates, flat price, smelters, buyingprice___
New York
39", 80 x 80 count, 4 yds./lb., average of spot and forward... New York
WG grade________________________________________ New York
Plantation ribbed smoked sheets_____________________ New York
No. 1 heavy melting, consumers’ buying price__________ Chicago
Good, 900-1100 pounds_______________________
Chicago
Raw, 96°, duty paid_________________________
New York
Packers, prime, inedible____________________________
Chicago
Grade A, prompt delivery___________________________ New York
Average of—
No. 2 hard winter_____________________________
Kansas City
No. 1 dark northern spring______________________ Minneapolis
Wool tops, lb_____ Spot market______________________________________ New York
Zinc, lb__________ Prime western, pig_________________________________ New York
(2) Commodities for which prices will be published but not included in the index computation:
Barley, bu.-—Good malting, Minneapolis
Coffee, lb.—Santos No. 4, New York
Copper, lb.—Electrolytic ingot, New York
Lead, lb.-—Desilverized pig, New York
Shellac, lb.-—TN grade, New York
(3) Special groupings and their commodity composition:
(a) Foodstuffs■
—Butter, cocoa beans, corn, cottonseed oil, hogs, lard, steers, sugar, and wheat.
(b) Raw Industrials—Burlap, copper scrap, cotton, hides, lead scrap, print cloth, rosin, rubber, steel
scrap, tallow, tin, wool tops, and zinc.
(c) Livestock and Products—Hides, hogs, lard, steers, and tallow.
(d) Metals-—Copper scrap, lead scrap, steel scrap, tin, and zinc.
(e) Textiles and Fibers—Burlap, cotton, print cloth, and wool tops.
(f) Fats and oils-—-Butter, cottonseed oil, lard, and tallow.
change in the price of steers which is quoted in
dollars per 100 pounds. The index is not a simple
aggregate of prices in which a change in the price
of a commodity with a high-unit price such as
steers would have several hundred times the
importance of a price change for a commodity
such as tallow with a low-unit price. In maintain
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ing the daily index over time, it occasionally
becomes necessary to change or modify com
modity specifications. These specification changes
are handled so that only the actual price move
ments are reflected in the index; substitution of
commodities or specifications of a commodity does
not in itself affect the index. All substitutions
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
will be properly indicated in the daily releases of
the index.
In addition to the index based upon the prices
of all 22 commodities, indexes are calculated and
published according to the unique classification
of each commodity as either a “raw industrial”
commodity or as a “foodstuffs” commodity. In
cluded in the special group indexes are four major
product groupings: (1) livestock and products,
(2) metals, (3) textiles and fibers, and (4) fats and
oils. Not all commodities fall into one of these
four product groups; for example, sugar is not
included in any of the four groupings. Nor is
each grouping unique. For example, lard is in
cluded in the group indexes for both “livestock”
and “fats and oils.” These group indexes are
based on the prices for relatively few commodities,
all of which are extremely price-sensitive. They
are, therefore, in no way comparable to corre
sponding groups in the comprehensive wholesale
price index.
The historical series of the revised daily indexes
will be published in three volumes. Volume 1
consists of index numbers for all of the groupings
for three dates of special historical significance—
August 15, 1939; December 6, 1941; August 17,
1945; and for one day (normally Tuesday) of each
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
303
SPOT M A R K E T PRICE IN D E X
week from June 1946 through December 1951.
Volume 2 consists of daily index numbers for all
of the groupings from January 1, 1952, to Septem
ber 1, 1952. (Monthly or annual averages will
not be published.) Volume 3 consists of a tabula
tion of the prices for each commodity in the index
from January 1, 1952, to September 1, 1952.1
Each Monday release will publish indexes and
prices for every trading day of the previous week
and for the Friday preceding that week. Daily
releases will contain indexes and prices for every
trading day from and including the previous
Friday.
Because of interest that has developed through
the years in the actual prices for commodities in
the daily index, prices for five of the commodities
(barley, coffee, copper ingot, lead, and shellac)
included in the former index but deleted from the
revised index will continue to be published daily.
However, the prices for these commodities are not
used in the computation of either the “all com
modities” index or any of the special group indexes.
— P . A . D o n V it o
D ivision of Prices and Cost of Living
1Copies of these three volumes are available upon request.
Guaranteed Wage Plans.
Recent Decisions
of Interest to Labor
Wages and Hours 2
FLSA Applicable to Flood Control. A U nited States court
of appeals h e ld 3 th at em ployees engaged in removing
trees and other obstructions from an area in which a dam
was to be constructed were entitled to the m in im u m - w a g e
and overtim e-com pensation provisions of the Fair Labor
Standards Act. The dam was situated on a non-navigable
tributary of a navigable river, and was being constructed
as part of a project to control floods and im prove naviga
tion on the Arkansas and M ississippi Rivers.
The court of appeals cited Walling v. Patton-Tully
Transportation Co.,* which held th at em ployees engaged
in the construction of dikes and revetm ents on the Missouri
and Mississippi Rivers were engaged in the production of
goods for commerce. The only difference between th at
case and the instant case, the court pointed out, was th at
in the former, the construction was performed on navigable
rivers, while in the latter, it was performed on a nonnavigable tributary. This was held to be insufficient
reason for distinguishing the cases.
Roads and Rivers Instrumentalities of Commerce. A United
States court of appeals recently ru led 5 th at employees at
rock quarries producing crushed rock for m aintenance and
im provem ent in the sam e State of roads and a river over
which interstate traffic m oves were covered by the Fair
Labor Standards Act. In view of a U nited States Supreme
Court ruling (in Overstreet v. North Shore Corpf) th at roads
“used by persons and goods passing between the various
States” are “instrum entalities of interstate comm erce,”
and th at the persons em ployed in maintaining such roads
are “engaged in comm erce,” the appeals court reasoned
th at goods produced for instrum entalities of commerce and
applied by persons engaged in commerce have been pro
duced “for comm erce.” The court emphasized th at m ove
m ent across State lines of the article produced is not a
conclusive factor in determ ining whether the act is ap
plicable.
The court also cited Tobin v. Alstate Construction Co.,’’
in which case, off-the-road em ployees, producing material
used to repair and maintain the surface of instrum entalities
of commerce, were held to be engaged “in the production
of goods for comm erce.”
However, a State court recently refused to extend the
act to off-the-road em ployees.8
304
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(1) A U nited States district
court recently held 9 th at section 7 (e) of the amended Fair
Labor Standards Act is merely a codification of the law
previously established by the Supreme Court. Citing
Walling v. Belo Corp.10 and Walling v. Haliburton,11 the
court set forth the following requirements of a valid
guaranteed w eekly incom e plan: A contract, a regular rate
of pay bearing a reasonable relation to the am ount guar
anteed (as opposed to arbitrary or artifical rates), and a
condition of irregularity or instability of work under which
the guaranty would yield the em ployee a stability of
incom e otherwise absent.
(2) A U nited States district court recently ruled 12 th at
a w eekly guaranteed-pay plan which did not m eet the
requirements of section 7 (e) was in violation of the act,
and awarded the Secretary of Labor an injunction pro
hibiting its future use.
D efendant operated an air field and was engaged in the
aerial dusting and spraying of agricultural crops w ith
insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. He paid certain
of his em ployees “the same am ounts each week as guar
anteed compensation purportedly computed at straight
tim e and tim e and one-half for the number of hours
recorded.”
The court noted th at there was no showing of irregular
hours of work, th at there was no contract specifying a
regular hourly rate, and th at no additional paym ents had
been made when em ployees worked hours in excess of
those for which compensation was guaranteed.
Labor Relations
Secondary Boycott Not Bylaw’s Objective.
T he N ational
Labor Relations Board r u le d 13 th at enforcement b y
Glaziers’ Union Local 27 of a bylaw prohibiting union
members from working for construction contractors who
did not have all glazing work done at the construction site
* Preparer! In the U . S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor.
The cases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant
decisions believed to be of special interest. N o attem pt has been made to
reflect all recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of
labor law or to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jursidictions in
which contrary results m ay be reached, based upon local statutory pro
visions, the existence of local precedents, or a different approach by the courts
to the issue presented.
8
T his section is intended merely as a digest of some recent decisions in
volving the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Portal-to-Portal Aet. It Is
not to be construed and m ay not be relied upon as interpretation of these
acts by the Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division or any agency of
the Department of Labor.
* T o b i n v. P e n n i n g t o n — W i n t e r C o n s t r u c ti o n C o . (C. A. 10, July 2,1952).
‘ 134 F. 2d 945.
* T o b i n v. J o h n s o n e t a l (C. A. 8, July 17, 1952).
« 318 U . S. 125,129.
1 195 F. 2d 577.
9 T h o m a s v. H e m p t
8 S h u r e v.
B ro s.
(Sup. Ct. Penna., E. D ., June 24,1952).
R u b e n s te in B r o s . J e w e lr y C o.
(N . D . 111., Apr. 7, 1952).
’o 316 U . S. 624.
» 331 IT. S. 17.
18 T o b i n v. W e n a tc h e e
13 I n
A i r S e r v ic e , I n c .
r e G a l z ie r s , U n i o n L o c a l
a n d P a p e r h a n g e r s o f A m e r ic a
(E. D . W ash., M ay 27, 1952).
?7 (A F L ), B r o th e r h o o d o f P a i n t e r s , D e c o r a to r s
(99 N L R B No. 146, June 30,1952).
DECISIONS OF IN T E R E S T TO LABOR
did not constitute an illegal secondary boycott under
section 8 (b) (4) (a) of the Labor M anagement Relations
(T aft-H artley) Act. The Board noted that the bylaw had
a legitim ate purpose— to provide as much work as possible
for glazing em ployees in that particular area— and th at it
did not prohibit glaziers from working for a "secondary”
employer.
Exclusive Jurisdiction of NLRB. A United States district
court en join ed 14 the N ew York State Labor Relations
Board from proceeding further with unfair labor practice
charges over which the N ational Labor Relations Board
claimed exclusive jurisdiction.
Section 2283 of the Judicial Code provides th at a Federal
court cannot grant an injunction staying proceedings in
a State court "except as expressly authorized by act of
Congress or where necessary in aid of its jurisdiction or to
protect or effectuate its judgm ents.” It was argued by
defendant that the Judicial Code prohibited the issuance
of the injunction in this case. The court pointed out,
however, that the purpose of this statu te was to avoid
friction between Federal and State courts in litigation over
which the two have concurrent jurisdiction, and not to
prevent the Federal courts from restraining State-court
interference when jurisdiction is vested exclusively in the
Federal courts or in a Federal agency.
Union Initiation and Reinstatement Fees. The N L R B
found 15 that a union did not per se violate the LM RA by
charging former members a reinstatem ent fee greater in
am ount than the initiation fee charged new members.
It was not the intention of Congress, the Board’s opinion
stated, that labor organizations should be considered in
violation of section 8 (b) (5) of the act, when, following a
well settled practice, they established a different, but fairly
reasonable, classification of former members as distin
guished from new applicants.
There was no claim before the Board th at the fee was
excessive. The sole question considered was whether the
respondent union violated the act by setting a reinstate
m ent fee which was higher than the initiation fee.
Employer Interference. The N L R B ordered 16 an employer
to cease his attem pts to dom inate or support a union, or
in any other manner to interfere with the em ployees’ selforganizational rights, in violation of section 8 (a) (1) of
the LM RA.
The employer had called 35 employees to a meeting, at
which he served refreshments and liquor. At this meeting
he advised the employees th at he did not w ant a union in
his shop and also that he had applied for permission to
grant an increase in wages. W ithout Government ap
proval of this application, he proceeded to put the wage
increase into effect. The m eeting was called after 40
employees had signed union authorization cards, and after
a union claiming to represent a m ajority of the em ployees
had requested a bargaining conference.
The Board held that the employer thus engaged in an
unlawful interference with the em ployees’ right of self
organization.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
305
Refusal to Bargain.
The N L R B recently ordered 17 an
employer to furnish a union w ith data on wages and
changes in productivity. The employer had contended
th at bargaining on productivity wage increases would be
fruitless because of his unwillingness to accept conditions
which the Wage Stabilization Board attached to its
approval of wage increases.
Citing NLRB v. Hoppes Mfg. Co., 18 the Board pointed
out that the em ployer’s attitude did not m eet the statu
tory standard of good-faith bargaining.
Unemployment Compensation
Definition of Unemployment. An Ohio common pleas
court held 19 th at a claimant who was engaged in trying
to sell real estate was not unemployed even though he
earned no commissions for a period of 2 months. The
Ohio law states th at an individual is totally unemployed
"in any week during which he performs no services” and
with respect to which "no remuneration is payable to
him .” The court also held th at claimant was liable to
repay benefits received during the period when he was
trying to sell real estate, because he was at fault, within
meaning of the provision on restitution of benefits, in not
reporting his real-estate selling efforts to the State Bureau
of Unem ploym ent Compensation.
Good Cause. An Ohio court of appeals h e ld 20 th at a
claim ant who was totally deaf and who had been in a
m ental institution had good cause for quitting his job
when the employer made him nervous by constant pres
sure to hurry in his work, and th at he also had good
cause for refusing to return to the same job.
The
decision of the board of review was reversed.
Failure to Receive Offer. The Indiana Appellate Court
held 21 th at a claim ant was not disqualified for refusing
to accept an offer of suitable work which had been sent
to her, but which she had not received. Claim ant’s
former employer had mailed her a recall notice in ac
cordance w ith the seniority provisions of the employer’s
contract with claim ant’s union. This notice had not
been delivered because it was mailed to an old address.
The claimant had moved w ithout notifying her former
employer of her new address. However, her new address
was on file with the employer on a notice of her claim for
unemployment benefits, and the employer had in fact
mailed her bonus check to the new address. The court
14 N L R B v. N . Y . S t a t e L a b o r R e l a t i o n s B o a r d (8. D . N . Y .), July 1, 1952.
11 F o o d M a c h i n e r y & C h e m ic a l C o r p . (99 N L R B No. 167, June 30,1952).
18 I n r e C o n n o r F o u n d r y C o . e t a l (100 N L R B N o. 28, July 14,1952).
17 I n r e H u g h e s T o o l C o . (100 N L R B 39, July 15,1952).
18170 F. 2d 962.
18 S i n k v. B u r e a u o f U n e m p l o y m e n t C o m p e n s a ti o n (Com. Pleas Ct., M ont
gomery Co., Ohio, June 20,1952).
20 J o h n s t o n v. B u r e a u o f U n e m p l o y m e n t C o m p e n s a ti o n o f O h io (App. Ct.,
Stark Co., Ohio, June 13,1952).
21 M o u l d i n g s D i v i s i o n o f T h o m p s o n I n d u s t r i e s v. R e v i e w B o a r d o f th e I n d i a n a
S e c u r it y D i v i s i o n (App. Ct. Ind., June 13,1952).
306
DECISIONS OF INTEREST TO LABOR
held that, while claimant was at fault, the employer had
not mailed the notice to her “last known address” in
accordance with the union contract, and claim ant was
therefore entitled to benefits.
Double Disqualification. The Appellate D ivision of the
N ew York Supreme Court held 22 th at a claim ant who
had been disqualified for quitting her job w ithout good
cause could be disqualified again for refusing to return to
the same job.
Claimant had worked in a laundry and was disqualified
for benefits for 6 weeks after quitting her job. When she
again filed for benefits, at the end of the disqualification
period, the laundry offered to take her back at the same
kind of work but at a slightly lower wage and w ithout
full seniority rights. There was no showing th at the
job was not one for which claim ant was reasonably quali
fied by training and experience or th at claimant had good
cause for refusing it.
The court held that, since the voluntary quit and the
refusal of suitable work disqualifications are entirely
separate provisions of the law, the fact th at claim ant had
been disqualified for voluntarily leaving a job did not
prevent her from being disqualified for a refusal of suitable
work when she declined to return to the same job. The
decision of the N ew York Unem ploym ent Insurance
Appeal Board was thus reversed.
State of Coverage. The Appellate D ivision of the N ew
York Supreme Court held 23 th at an em ployee who had
worked for the same employer in both N ew York and N ew
Jersey was covered by the N ew York law only for the
services performed in th at State. Claimant was a store
clerk in N ew York, but for 8 or 9 months during 1 year
had been assistant manager of a branch store in N ew
Jersey owned by the same employer. The statute
provides that where service is performed both within and
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
w ithout the State of N ew York, but the service outside
the State is incidental to the service in N ew York, all of
the service may be deemed to be performed in N ew York.
The court held th at service as an assistant store manager in
N ew Jersey was not incidental to claim ant’s service as a
clerk in N ew York.
Retroactive Vacation Payment. T he N ew Jersey Superior
Court held 24 that an em ployee who received, retroactively,
additional pay for a vacation period during which he
worked could not be required to relate such paym ent to
a period when he had been receiving unem ploym ent
benefits.
The claimant was laid off in April and was paid un
em ploym ent benefits through June. On July 5 he was
called back to work by his former employer, during a period
which the employer had declared a vacation for m ost
em ployees. The employer contended th at employees who
had been laid off during the past year were not entitled
to vacation with pay, but in September, after a dispute
with the claim ant’s union, the claimant was given a
vacation paym ent. Thereafter the employer contended
th at since claimant was working during the July vacation
period, he should be considered to have been on vacation
during the last 2 weeks of June and should be required to
refund the paym ents he received for th at period.
The court held th at a vacation paym ent cannot be
related to any period except th at specified as such by the
employer in accordance w ith his contract w ith the union.
Even if it could, claimant cannot be required to refund
benefits to which he was entitled when paid.
22
I n th e M a t t e r o f th e C l a i m f o r B e n e f it s o f C r o w e (Sup. Ct. N . Y ., App. D iv.,
June 13,1952).
S3 I n th e M a t t e r o f th e C l a i m f o r B e n e f it s o f K r a n t (Sup. C t.N . Y ., App. D iv.,
June 13, 1952).
24 C a m p b e l l S o u p C o . v. B o a r d o f R e v i e w , D i v i s i o n o f E m p l o y m e n t S e c u r it y
(Super. Ct. N . J., App. D iv ., June 5,1952).
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
T h e Secretary of Labor informed the President th at 80
railroad carriers, under terms of a m aster agreement with
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen (see Chron. item for
Jan. 18, 1952, M LR, Mar. 1952), had put into effect a
5-day workweek for yard service employees. (Source:
U. S. D ept, of Labor release, July 19, 1952.)
July 24
T h e Order of Railway Conductors (Ind.) and the Pullman
July 15, 1952
P r e s i d e n t s of the 19 AFL building-trades unions unani
m ously adopted a “ Declaration of P olicy” which strength
ens earlier measures against jurisdictional strikes by pro
viding for revocation of the charter of (1) any local union
that places pickets on a job involved in a jurisdictional
dispute or (2) any local Building and Construction Trades
Council that authorizes picket lines in such a dispute.
(Source: AFL News-Reporter, July 18, 1952; and New
York Times, July 16, 1952.)
July 16
T h e P r e s i d e n t approved the act amending the Civil
Service Retirement Act, effective September , 1952, to
provide increases in pensions for retired Federal workers.
(Sources: Public Law 555, 82d Cong., 2d Session, July 16,
1
1952.)
T h e P r e s i d e n t approved the Federal Coal Mine Safety
Act, which amends an earlier act and authorizes Federal
mine inspectors to close unsafe mines in order to prevent
disasters from certain causes. (Source: Public Law 552,
82d Cong., 2d Sess., July 16, 1952.)
July 18
T h e P r e s i d e n t approved the Social Security Act Amend
m ents of 1952, which include provisions for: (1) increases,
after August 1952, in old-age and survivor insurance bene
fits ($5 a m onth or 12% percent, whichever is greater); (2) a
$75-a-month lim it (formerly $50) on earnings as a condi
tion of eligibility for benefits; and (3) larger Federal con
tributions to State public assistance programs. (Source:
Public Law 590, 82d Cong., 2d Sess., July 18, 1952.)
Co. settled their dispute by negotiating an agreement
which provides a 12%-cent hourly basic wage increase retro
active to January 1, 1951, a cost-of-living wage escalator
clause, and a “wage and rules moratorium to October 1,
1953.” (Source: N ew York Times, July 25, 1952; and
Labor, Aug. 2, 1952.)
July 26
T h e United Steelworkers of America (CIO) ended their
strike (see Chron. item for June 2, 1952, MLR, July 1952)
after the union’s Wage Policy Committee, on the previous
day, had ratified an agreement with six major steel com
panies providing: an average wage increase of 16 cents an
hour, retroactive to March 1, 1952; other benefits am ount
ing to 5.4 cents an hour; and a modified union shop. The
union postponed the return-to-work order until it had
negotiated with mining companies an agreement covering
iron-ore miners, who received additional increases to bring
thier wage levels up to those in the steel industry by July 1,
1953. (Source: N ew York Times, July 27, 1952.)
On July 30, the Office of Price Stabilization authorized
price increases for steel producers, as ordered by the Acting
Director of the Office of Defense M obilization. (Source:
OPS release, July 30, 1952.) (For discussion of preceding
items, see p. 309 of this issue.)
July 28
T h e W a g e S t a b il iz a t io n B o a r d announced settlem ent of
its last pending disputes case (see Chron. item for Jan.
26, 1952, MLR, Mar. 1952), with the signing of new con
tracts by the United Steelworkers of America (CIO) and
two major aluminum companies; some workers in one of
the companies were covered by an agreement negotiated
a few weeks earlier with the International Council of Alu
minum Workers (AFL). (Source: N ew York Times, July
29, 1952; and CIO News, Aug. 4, 1952; for discussion, see
p. 309 of this issue.)
July 19
submitted to the Congress his Midyear
Economic Report, together with the Midyear 1952 Eco
nomic Review of the Council of Economic Advisers, in
accordance with the terms of the Employment Act of 1946.
(Source: The Midyear Economic Report of the President
and the Midyear Economic Review by the CEA, July
T h e P r e s id e n t
1952.)
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T h e Sailors Union of the Pacific (AFL) voted to approve a
new agreement with the Pacific Maritime Association, thus
ending their strike (see Chron. item for M ay 26, 1952,
MLR, July 1952). Provisions include a 5-percent wage
increase, higher overtime rates and employer contributions
to the union welfare fund, and a reduction in the workweek.
(Source: AFL News-Reporter, Aug, 1, 1952; and N ew York
Times, July 29, 1952.)
307
308
CHRONOLOGY OF LAB O R E VE N TS
com pany’s Chicago twine mill to New Orleans.
N ew York Times, Aug. 8, 1952.)
July 30
T h e P r e s id e n t appointed 14 of 18 members of the new
tripartite Wage Stabilization Board, subject to Senate
confirmation (see Chron. item for June 30, 1952, MLR,
Aug. 1952). The chairman is Archibald Cox, former
Chairman of the Construction Industry Stabilization Com
mission; two industry and two public members are to be
appointed; the six labor members were named. (Source:
N ew York Times, July 31, 1952.)
August 7
T h e Cook County (Illinois) Circuit Court granted the
International Harvester Co.’s request for an injunction
against mass picketing by Local 141 of the United Electri
cal Workers (Ind.) in a strike protesting the transfer of the
August 10
T h e Cloak Joint Board of the International Ladies’ Gar
ment Workers Union (AFL) refused to bargain with the
Independent Association of W omen’s Apparel M anufac
turers, Inc., a new organization representing nonunion
employers. However it indicated th at members of the
new employers’ group could bargain directly w ith the union
or join one of the associations representing unionized em
ployers. The dispute developed after the union began
picketing unorganized companies; later, the Association
filed suit under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act against union
and industry officials. (Source: N ew York Times, Aug.
11, 1952; and AFL News-Reporter, Aug. 8, 1952.)
Union Conventions Schedule, October 1952
Among union conventions, which are usually held periodically to determine
policy and to elect officers, those scheduled for October 1952 are listed below by
type—national or international and State—in chronological order.
National or International Conventions
O c to b e r
2
3
6
6
7
13
13
13
19
20
20
21
27
27
O ctober
2
2
3
3
3
6
6
11
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P la c e
Air Line Dispatchers Association, A F L ________________________ Chicago
American R ailway Supervisors Association, Ind_______________
Chicago
International Union of Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers, Pittsburgh
CIO.
U nited N ational Association of Post Office Clerks, In d ------------- Los Angeles
Cincinnati
U nited Mine Workers of America, Ind________________________
Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of Amer- Cleveland
ica, CIO.
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, A FL ____ Los Angeles
International Union of Wood, Wire, and M etal Lathers, AFL__ Houston
Commercial Telegraphers’ Union, A F L ________________________ Vancouver, B. C.
International Air Line Pilots Association, A F L _______ Chicago
International Union of U nited Cement, Lime, and Gypsum Work- Long Beach, Calif.
ers, AFL.
N ational Brotherhood of Packinghouse Workers, In d ---------------- St. Joseph, Mo.
International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental St. Louis
Iron Workers, AFL.
International Union of Bricklayers, Masons, and Plasterers, M inneapolis
AFL.
S t a te C o n v e n tio n s
W est Virginia, A FL ___
W yoming, AFL
Georgia, CIO_
New Mexico, AFL
Wisconsin, CIO
Minnesota, AFL
M ississippi, AFL
Vermont, CIO.
(Source:
P la c e
S t a te C o n v e n tio n s
P la c e
O ctober
Wheeling
Casper
Atlanta
Roswell
Oshkosh
M inneapolis
Meridian
Rutland
13
13
16
Illinois, AFL
Nebraska, A F L __
Oklahoma, A F L __
17
18
18
27
Nebraska, CIO
K entucky, CIO._
Missouri, CTO
K entucky, AFL _
.
._
Peoria
Norfolk
Oklahoma
City
Lincoln
Louisville
Jefferson City
Lexington
Developments in
Industrial Relations1
M o r e t h a n half a million steel workers started
back to work late in July, after a tentative agree
ment on basic issues was reached with major
steel firms. Long-standing disputes with leading
aluminum companies were terminated without a
work stoppage during the month. The Bitumi
nous Coal Operators Association was served with
a 60-day notice of contract termination.
Basic Steel Agreement
The prolonged steel strike 2 ended late in July
but its imprint was left on the Nation’s defense
effort, economic controls program, and constitu
tional law. Steel production for military and
civilian requirements was severely curtailed, the
Wage Stabilization Board was reconstituted under
an amended Defense Production Act without
authority to intervene in labor-management dis
putes,3 and the President’s power to act in an
emergency without specific legal authority was
interpreted by the United States Supreme Court.2
The Steelworkers (CIO) and 6 major steel com
panies'—United States Steel, Bethlehem, Republic,
Jones and Laughlin, Youngstown, and Inland—
reached a tentative 2-year agreement on basic
wage, fringe, and union-security issues on July 24.
It was ratified by the union’s wage policy com
mittee the following day, but back-to-work orders
were withheld until July 26 when a wage agree
ment was reached in the closely-related dispute
involving iron-ore miners.2 Major steel plants
reopened, but the signing of formal contracts,
pending at the end of the month, awaited the
outcome of negotiations on such issues as incen
tive rates, managerial rights, and seniority. Some
smaller steel companies remained closed following
failure to agree with the union on certain local
working conditions.
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As a part of the agreement ending the strike,
an increase of $5.20 a ton in the ceiling price of
carbon steel was authorized by Acting Defense
Mobilizer John R. Steelman. In addition to
increases permitted for special types of steel, the
total price adjustment averaged $5.65, or almost
twice the $2.84 permissible under the Capehart
Amendment to the Defense Production Act, prior
to the negotiation of the steel settlement.4
The wage and fringe benefit “package” of
slightly more than 21 cents an hour was sub
stantially similar to the industry offer of June 9.2
Major terms of the settlement which expires June
30, 1954, include (1) a general hourly increase of
12.5 cents in the lowest job rate, retroactive to
March 1, 1952, plus a widening of the increments
between job classes by half a cent an hour- the
combined increases to average 16 cents an hour,
(2) liberalized fringe benefits amounting to a little
more than 5 cents an hour, including 3 weeks
vacation with pay after 15 years’ service (formeily
25 years) retroactive to January 1, straight-time
pay for 6 holidays not worked, an increase in pay
for holidays worked from time and a half to dou
ble time, and increased shift differentials from 4
to 6 cents an hour for the second shift and from
6 to 9 cents for the third shift; and (3) a reduc
tion in the southern differential affecting the
United States Steel Co. and the Republic Steel
Co. A wage reopening on June 30, 1953, was
also provided.
In contrast to the union’s original proposal for
a union shop, it accepted a compromise security
clause which differed only slightly from the
maintenance-of-membership provision in the pre
vious contract. The clause requires new employees
to apply for union membership at the time of
hiring, but permits cancellation of the application
between the 15th and 30th day of work by
written notification to the employer; present
nonunion employees are exempted from this
requirement.
Earlier in the month there had been several
weeks of intermittent and unsuccessful bargaining
meetings arranged under White House auspices.
The union filed a complaint of unfair labor
i Prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations,
a See August 1952 issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 201)..
* Idem (p. 201).
* See June 1952 issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 690).
309
310
IN D U S T R IA L REL A T IO N S
practices with the National Labor Relations
Board, accusing the “Big Six” steel producers of
a conspiracy to prevent other companies from
reaching individual agreements. In a parallel
action, it requested the United States Department
of Justice to institute anti-trust proceedings
against these companies.
The negotiations which resulted in the steel
agreement followed reports that the President
was considering a partial seizure of the industry
under the terms of the Selective Service Act and
a warning by the Secretary of Defense that the
defense program was “grinding to a halt.” Mount
ing steel shortages had led to the closing of the
Army’s largest shell-producing plant and report
edly had forced sharp lay-offs in the manufacturing
and transportation industries.
Aluminum Settlements
Several protracted disputes in the aluminum
industry5 which involved issues similar to those in
the steel controversy were terminated by agree
ments between the Steelworkers (CIO) and the
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Co.,6 the Alumi
num Co. of America, and the Reynolds Metals
Co. ALCOA also settled with the AFL Interna
tional Council of Aluminum Workers.6 Under the
terms of these settlements, about 40,000 workers
received a wage “package” approximately the
same as that provided in the basic steel agreement.
The Kaiser agreement of July 19 extends for a
2/Lyear period ending July 1, 1954, and covers
about 5,000 workers in five plants. Major wage
provisions included general hourly increases of 12
cents retroactive to July 1 and 4 cents retroactive
to January 1, and a further 6.3-cent hourly
increase in 2 plants, also retroactive to January 1.
Increased shift differentials, improved health and
welfare benefits, a wage-reopening clause effective
July 1, 1953, and renewal of the existing unionshop clause were also agreed upon.
The Steelworkers’ 1-year contract with ALCOA,
reached on July 28, averted a strike of about
15,000 workers scheduled for the following day.
Settlement terms included (1) a 15-cent hourly
increase in base pay, retroactive to March 10 and
an additional 4 cents an hour retroactive to July 1;
(2) a reduction of the 7-cent North-South differen
tial to 4 cents, retroactive to July 1, and then to
2 cents, effective January 1, 1953; and (3) 3 weeks’
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
vacation with pay after 15 years’ service instead
of 25 years, hourly increases in second- and
third-shift differentials from 4 and 6 cents to 6
and 9 cents, respectively, and increases in hospi
talization benefits from $8.50 a week to $10 and
in nonoccupational sickness and accident benefits
from $26 a week to $30-—all retroactive to July 1.
The contract also contained the same unionsecurity provision agreed upon in the steel
settlement. A similar wage agreement covering
about 10,000 employees of the Reynolds Metals
Co. was reached on July 30.
A 5-year contract reached between ALCOA and
the Aluminum Workers (AFL) on July 9 preceded
the Steelworkers’ agreements. It affected about
9,500 workers in 6 plants. Principal wage terms
provided (1) a general wage increase of 10 percent
(averaging about 15 cents an hour) retroactive to
March 10; (2) an “ annual improvement factor”
wage increase of 4 cents an hour for each year
of the contract period, effective July 1; and (3) a
cost-of-living escalator clause providing for quar
terly wage adjustments based on the Consumers’
Price Index. The “ annual improvement factor”
clause is an unusual arrangement which specifies
that if the CPI reaches 200 by July 1, 1953, 1 cent
an hour will be added to the second annual in
crease and this adjustment will be added to the
remaining three annual increases depending on the
trend in living costs. If the index fails to main
tain a specified upward movement, the wage pro
visions may be reopened on 30 days’ notice by
either party. Contract terms providing liberal
ized vacation pay, shift differentials, and health
and welfare benefits were the same as those con
tained in the ALCOA-Steelworkers’ settlement.
A reopening, limited to fringe issues, is permitted
on July 1, 1954. The maintenance-of-member
ship clause in the previous contract was renewed.
The agreement was made contingent on authori
zation of higher aluminum ceiling prices by the
Office of Price Administration and approval by
the WSB.6
Other Major Strike Activity and Negotiations
The strike involving major carpet and rug com
panies continued but stoppages by construction
8See March 1952 issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 315).
8The contracts were approved by the W SB (industry member dissenting)
late in July 1952.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
IN D U S T R IA L R ELA TION S
and maritime workers were terminated. The
United Mine Workers (Ind.) filed a 60-day notice
of contract termination with bituminous-coal
producers.
Construction. Construction workers at the Pa
ducah, Ky., project of the Atomic Energy Com
mission returned to work July 7, ending a strike
which began June 5 and idleness affecting about
14,000 employees. The walk-out was allegedly in
protest against delay by the prime contractor at
the project in paying a wage increase which had
been submitted for Wage Stabilization Board
approval.
Textiles. Wages of about 17,000 cotton-textile
workers in 13 New Bedford-Fall River mills were
reduced an average of about 8.5 cents an hour
on July 19 by an arbitration decision. The award
eliminates the 6.5-percent wage increase approved
by the WSB 7 effective March 1951—the date
when the adjustment was negotiated with the
Textile Workers Union of America (CIO).8 It
does not, however, affect the subsequent 4-cent
hourly increase which resulted from a cost-ofliving escalator clause in their contract. A wage
reduction ranging from 13 to 15 cents an hour
had been requested by the employers on the
basis that substantially lower textile labor costs
in the South jeopardized their competitive posi
tion. Company proposals for elimination of the
escalator clause and certain fringe benefits pro
vided in the present contract were denied by the
arbitrator.
In line with the decision, the TWUA on July 22
agreed to permit the Pepperell and Continental
textile mills in Maine to reduce wages of some
3,500 employees by the same amount. The award
was also expected to influence pending arbitration
cases affecting large numbers of workers in other
northern cotton and rayon mills. In June 1952,
some 7,700 Bates Manufacturing Co. employees
received a wage cut under an arbitration decision.2
Unsettled economic conditions in the textile
trades were also reflected in the continuation of
the strike involving major carpet and rug firms.2
Employees of the Mohawk Carpet Co. rejected
two tentative settlements that had been reached
with the TWUA. Both provided for an hourly
wage increase of 7 cents. A partial settlement
of the strike had occurred in June when about
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311
1,000 employees of two smaller companies Roxbury and A & M Karagheusian—returned to work.
The Roxbury employees accepted a 7-cent hourly
wage increase contingent upon the final settlement
reached between the union and major carpet firms.
Karagheusian employees returned to work under
the present contract terms pending settlement by
the major companies.
Communications. Approximately 120,000 tele
phone workers received wage increases under the
terms of 1-year contracts agreed upon by tele
phone companies and the Communications Work
ers of America (CIO). The Southwestern Bell
Telephone Co. agreed to increases averaging 9.2
cents an hour, effective July 6, for about 50,000
workers. Increases ranging from $3 to $6 a
week were provided for some 20,000 American
Telephone and Telegraph Co. long-lines telephone
operators, effective July 5. In addition, the
WSB approved wage adjustments ranging from
$2 to $6 a week, effective June 8, and covering
about 50,000 Southern Bell Telephone and Tele
graph Co. nonsupervisory employees.
Maritime. Wage negotiations between East and
Gulf Coast ship operators and the Masters, Mates
and Pilots (AFL) which represents about 8,000
deck officers, collapsed early in the month when
the employers rejected the union’s requests for a
10-percent hourly wage increase and acceptance
of its interpretation of the appropriate scope of
discussions under a contractual wage-review clause.
The union, in turn, rejected a proposal to arbi
trate both issues. The present contract could
be terminated August 8 under a clause which pro
vides for such action 60 days after the start of
wage discussions.2 Further bargaining meetings
were scheduled in July.
West Coast shipowners and the union reached
an agreement on July 29 providing for a 5-percent
wage increase and an increase in employer welfare
and pension contributions from 50 to 60 cents a
day per worker. The settlement came after the
Sailors Union of the Pacific (AFL) and the Pacific
Maritime Association (representing 24 major ship
operators) agreed upon the same wage rise and a
reduction in the present basic workweek at sea
from 48 hours (beyond which overtime is paid)
7See October 1951 Issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 471).
* See M ay 1951 Issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 574).
312
IN D U S T R IA L R E L A T IO N S
to 40. The settlement, subject to WSB approval,
ended a 2-month old strike that had idled approxi
mately 4,000 workers and tied up Pacific Coast
nonmilitary shipping.
R ailroads. Seventeen nonoperating railroad unions
rejected a union-security offer made by eastern
and western carriers employing about 800,000
maintenance and clerical employees. Southern
railroads have refused to participate in negotia
tions on the union-security issue. The unions
claimed the railroads’ offer was merely the equiva
lent of a modified maintenance-of-membership
clause and insisted on the union-shop provision
recommended by an emergency board in Febru
ary.9 According to the unions, 40 percent of all
railroad mileage is worked by employees covered
by union-shop agreements.
The Secretary of Labor reported to the Presi
dent on July 19 that the 5-day workweek had been
made effective for yard-service and related em
ployees of 80 major railroads as a result of agree
ments reached with the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen (Ind.). The union’s request for the
shorter workweek is still pending with seven other
railroads.5
Asserting that “annual improvement” wage
increases are permissible in the railroad industry,
despite the fact that a general policy pronounce
ment on this issue was still pending at the WSB,
representatives of 15 nonoperating and 3 operat
ing railroad unions requested the President to
arrange immediate meetings with major railroads
in order to discuss such increases. Present agree
ments with the carriers permit negotiations on
this issue on or after July 1, 1952 “if Government
wage stabilization policy permits so-called annual
improvement wage increases.”
The United Rubber Workers (CIO)
and the U. S. Rubber Co. began wage negotiations
affecting about 33,000 employees on July 7.
R ubber.
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Bargaining meetings with other major rubber
firms started in June.10 Discussions with U. S.
Rubber were limited under the contract to the
union’s proposals for higher wages but the union
requested the company voluntarily to consider
liberalization of pension and welfare benefits.
Coal.
The United Mine Workers
(Ind.) on July 22 filed a 60-day notice of contract
termination with the Bituminous Coal Operators
Association, leading employer bargaining group
in the soft-coal industry.4 The termination notice
is specified in the present agreement which was
reached late in January 1951.11
B itu m in o u s
The United Automobile Workers (CIO)
accepted a proposal by the North American Avia
tion Co. to submit their wage dispute 2 to binding
arbitration by a fact-finding board to be appointed
by the President. The company agreed to include
in the corporation-wide bargaining structure
about 1,000 employees at its Fresno, Calif., plant
for which the union recently won bargaining rights.
Acceptance of the arbitration agreement was a
departure from the union’s normal collective-bar
gaining practice, but this action was decided upon
as a last measure” in order to avoid curtailment
in the supply of Sabre-jet fighter planes to Korea.
A irc ra ft.
M e ta ls.
Negotiations during the
month between the Mine, Mill and Smelter
Workers (Ind.) and major copper mining and
other nonferrous mining and processing firms
were reported to be largely unsuccessful. Con
tracts with most of the principal companies ex
pired June 30. The union is requesting an hourly
increase of 25 cents, in addition to numerous
improvements in fringe benefits. In 1951, a
dispute over the union’s wage and pension pro
posals led to a widespread strike.7
8See April 1952 issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 435).
10See M ay 1952 issue of M onthly Labor Review (p. 570).
11See March 1951 issue of M onthly Labor R ev iew (p. 310).
N o n ferro u s
Publications
of Labor Interest
E ditor’s N ote.—Correspondence regarding publications to which refer
ence is made in this list should he addressed to the respective publishing agen
cies mentioned. Data on prices, if readily available, are shown with the title
entries.
Listing of a publication in this section is for record and reference only and
does not constitute an endorsement of point of view or advocacy of use.
Special Review
Socialism and American Life. Edited by D onald Drew
Egbert and Stow Persons; bibliography by T. D.
Seymour B assett. Princeton, N . J., Princeton
U niversity Press, 1952. Two vols.: Vol. 1, xiv, 776
pp., $10; Vol. 2, xiv, 575 pp., $10; ordered together,
$17.50.
In addition to providing a worthy and fitting obituary
for American socialism as a political force, these two
m assive volumes bring order and perspective to the history
of a political organization whose publishing habits have
been chaotic if prolific. To the m any living Americans
who have at som e tim e during their lives been a part of
this m ovem ent, the study is a mem ento of value. Its
more general value, however, lies in the 15 essays by 16
authors who joined pens and erudition to produce volume
1 of the history.
Volume 2 of the set is a descriptive and critical bibliog
raphy of more than 500 pages keyed to the topical essays.
In this im pressive compilation m ay be the enduring value
of the entire work.
Though the essays include treatises on left-wing writers,
religious influences, the influence of Marxian economics,
the social im plications of socialist theory, European
socialism before and after 1848, and others, there strangely
is no single treatise on socialism and the American labor
m ovem ent. Perhaps this is because the failure here was
part and parcel of the general failure on the whole political
scene.
Nevertheless, as two of the authors (Daniel Bell, “The
Background and D evelopm ent of Marxian Socialism in
the United States,” and Will Herberg, “American M arxist
Political Theory”) point out, socialism did have an impor
tan t influence on the American trade-union m ovem ent.
It seeded it but was not seeded by it.
According to Bell, socialism in the United States failed
because “by its very statem ent of goal and in its rejection
of the capitalist order as a whole, [it] could not relate itself
to the specific problems of social action in the here-andnow, give-and-take political world. It was trapped by
the unhappy problem of living ‘in but not of the world,’
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so it could only act, and then inadequately, as the moral,
but not political, man in immoral society. It could never
resolve but only straddle the basic issue of either accepting
capitalist society, and seeking to transform it from within
as the labor m ovem ent did, or becoming the sworn enemy
of that society, like the Communists. A religious m ove
m ent can split its allegiances and live in but not of the
world . . .; a political m ovem ent can n o t.” And in
conclusion: . . . “by 1950 American socialism had become
sim ply a notation in the archives of history.”
And as for the labor m ovem ent, he finds, in favor of
Gompers: “If socialism as an historically organized
m ovem ent has not achieved a permanency in American
life, it is largely due to the role of the American Federation
of Labor.” The socialists failed to perceive the unique
adaptive quality of the AFL in its “day-to-day acceptance
of capitalist society.” This stem m ed in large measure
from the very fact th at early, form ative AFL leaders like
Strasser, McGuire, and Gompers had progressed through
the anguish of labyrinthian sectarian socialist dogmas and
reacted as would be expected. Bell sees two im portant
results: eschewing of the (generally speaking) populist
m ovem ents and schem atic economic nostrums; accepting
“concentration of economic power as an inevitable fact of
industrial capitalism .”
N evertheless, the M arxist imprint was evident. The
Herberg essay, in a section on “Early Gompersism,”
notes: “The early pronouncements of Samuel Gompers
clearly reveal the Marxist inspiration of the ideology of
the American Federation of Labor . . .” H e terms it a
“conservative syndicalism ,” citing the early stress of
Gompers on “direct action and . . . distrust of govern
m ent and politics” as evidence of a syndicalist tendency.
B ut to Gompers, he contends, w ithout more than a bare
hint of explanation, the “m ovem ent” was pragmatic
American trade-unionism as opposed to “social democ
racy” for the European, making the latter a gradualist
socialist and the former a “conservative” syndicalist.
H e hopes th at a “reinterpretation of old line 'pure and
sim ple’ trade-unionism from this point of view ” can be
made. One m ight wonder to w hat purpose even if one
can imagine to w hat end.
There is no general attem pt to evaluate the contribution,
if any, of latter-day socialist trade-unionists to presentday industrial relations or to the trade-union m ovem ent
as such.
Authors (in addition to the editors, the bibliographer,
and those quoted) include E. Harris Harbison, Harry W.
Laidler, Albert T, M ollegen, Sidney Hook, Paul M.
Sweezy, Wilbert E. Moore, George W. Hartmann, and
Willard Thorp.
— L. R. K.
Education and Training
Industrial Training: A Guide to Selected Readings. By
John M. Brophy, I. Bradford Shaw, Fred T. Golub.
Ithaca, Cornell University, N ew York State School
of Industrial and Labor Relations, 1952. 62 pp.
(Bull. 20.) Free to N ew York State residents, 25
cents to others.
313
PUB LIC ATIO N S OF LAB O R IN T E R E S T
314
MONTHLY LABOR
W ashington, American
Federation of Labor, 1952. 40 pp. 10 cents.
Contains the report of the Workers Education Bureau,
resolutions pertaining to education adopted by the AFL
convention, and a list of research and education directors
of the various AFL national and international unions.
Industrial Health
Workers’ Education at the University Level.
B y Irvine L.
H. Kerrison. N ew Brunswick, N. J., Rutgers
University Press, 1951. 177 pp., bibliography. $3.
Lectures Presented at the Inservice Training Course on the
Acoustical Spectrum, Sound—Wanted and Unwanted,
February 5-8, 1952. Ann Arbor, U niversity of
Problems of Vocational Education—An International Survey.
M ichigan, School of Public H ealth and the Institute
of Industrial H ealth, 1952. 192 pp., bibliographies,
charts, diagrams, illus.
Causes, effects, measurement, costs, and control of
noise (particularly industrial) are discussed.
Labor and Education in 1951.
Edited by Harold Robinson. Stuttgart, Reinhold
A. Mueller, 1952. 149 pp., bibliographies, diagrams,
illus. D M 5.80.
Report of International Conference on Vocational
Education, Stuttgart, 1950, and facts and figures on
vocational education in various countries. Translated
from second German edition of “Probleme des beruflichen
Bildungswesens,” by Walter Drechsler.
Bibliografía de la Literatura Sobre Educación de Adultos en
la America Latina. W ashington, Pan American
Union, Departm ent of Cultural Affairs, Columbus
Memorial Library, 1952. 88 pp. (Bibliographic
Series, 37.) 25 cents.
Includes references to material on workers’ education.
Income
Labor Income in the Postwar Period. B y Lawrence
Grose. (In Survey of Current Business, U. S. D e
partm ent of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and
D om estic Commerce, W ashington, M ay 1952, pp.
7-13, 24, charts. 30 cents, Superintendent of D ocu
ments, Washington.)
Summary of trends in em ployees’ compensation, by
major industry groupings, since end of World War II, and
a comparison of prewar and postwar em ploym ent patterns.
The article is based m ainly on the Commerce D epart
m ent’s national income data.
Incomes of Physicians, Dentists, and Lawyers, 1949-51.
(In Survey of Current Business, U. S. D epartm ent of
Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and D om estic Com
merce, Washington, July 1952, pp. 5 -7 . 30 cents,
Superintendent of Docum ents, W ashington.)
Statistics of National Income and Expenditure. N ew York,
U nited N ations, Departm ent of Economic Affairs,
Statistical Office, 1952, 58 pp., bibliographies.
(Statistical Papers, Series H, N o. 1.) 50 cents.
Gives data by country, in national currencies, for
varying periods from 1919 to 1951. Total wage and
salary paym ents are shown by country, for different years,
1938 to 1951.
The National Income, [Canada], 1926-1951.
(In Labor
Research, Ottawa, A pril-M ay-June 1952, pp. 1-10,
12, charts. 10 cents.)
Summarizes some of the more significant data of labor
interest in three official Canadian reports. Includes a
tabulation showing the percentage of the national income
going to wages, salaries, and supplementary labor income.
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The Health of Welders.
B y A. T. D oig and L. N . Duguid.
London, M inistry of Labor and N ational Service,
Factory D epartm ent, 1951. 84 pp., bibliography,
illus. 3s. net, H. M. Stationery Office, London.
Quest for a Suspected Industrial Carcinogen.
B y Carrol S.
Weil, Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Thomas W. Nale, M .D .
(In A. M. A. Archives of Industrial H ygiene and
Occupational Medicine, Chicago, June 1952, pp. 5 3 5 547. $1.)
Reports of studies and experiments made to identify
and control the potential chemical cause of cancer among
workers engaged in production of isopropanol.
Recommended Safe Practice for Radium Dial Painting
Plants. (In M onthly Review, N ew York State D e
partm ent of Labor, D ivision of Industrial Hygiene
and Safety Standards, N ew York, February-March
1952, pp. 5-10.)
Outlines a program for safe handling of radioactive
luminous compounds, to protect workers against radium
poisoning and radiation hazards.
Traumatic Vasospastic Disease of the Hand (Raynaud’s
Phenomenon). B y Earl F. Hoerner, M .D . (In In
dustrial M edicine and Surgery, Chicago, June 1952,
pp. 297-302, bibliography. 75 cents.)
Industries in which vibratory tools are employed are on
the increase, and vascular disorders have become more
pronounced over the last decade, according to the author.
Industrial Relations
Human Relations in Industry.
B y E. D aya. (In Inter
national Labor Review, Geneva, M ay 1952, pp. 578—
599. 60 cents. D istributed in U nited States by
W ashington Branch of ILO.)
The Employers’ Right of Free Speech Under the TaftHartley Act. B y Walter L. Daykin. (In Iowa Law
Review, Vol. 37, N o. 2, Iowa City, 1952, pp. 212-241.
$ 1.)
Labor-Management Contract Provisions, 1950—51: Preva
lence and Characteristics of Selected Collective-Bargain
ing Clauses. Washington, U. S. D epartm ent of Labor,.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1952. 33 pp. (Bull.
1091.) 25 cents, Superintendent of Documents,.
Washington.
Labor Views Collective Bargaining.
B y J. A. Beirne.
Washington, Communications Workers of America.,
(CIO), [1952], 22 pp. Single copies free.
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
PUBLICATIONS OF L AB O R IN T E R E S T
Railroad Grievance Machinery: A Critical Analysis. ByHerbert R. Northrup and Mark L. Kahn. {In In
dustrial and Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N. Y.,
April 1952, pp. 365-382; July 1952, pp. 540-559.
$1.25 each.)
Work Stoppages: Federal Fact-Finding Boards and Boards
of Inquiry, 1945-1951. Washington, U. S. Depart
m ent of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, [1952].
30 pp.; processed. Free.
Work Stoppages in New York State, 1951.
N ew York,
State D epartm ent of Labor, D ivision of Research and
Statistics, 1952. 25 pp.; processed. (Publication
B -59.)
315
identical w ith those given in report noted in preceding
reference), Holland (1948), and Denmark (1946), and a
projected (1953) table for Israel.
Marketing Uses of Input-Output Data. B y W. Duane
Evans. {In Journal of Marketing, Chicago, July
1952, pp. 11-21. $1.)
Contains analysis of ultim ate distribution among finished
product and demand categories of iron and steel industry
output in 1947. Discusses application of interindustry
relations data and methods to national market analysis
problems of basic industries.
Labor and Social Legislation
Industrial Relations in the British Shipping Industry. By
L. H. Powell. {In International Labor Review,
Time Off for Voting Under State Law. W ashington, U. S.
Geneva, June 1952, pp. 681-702. 60 cents. D is
tributed in U nited States by W ashington Branch of
ILO.)
Asian Labor Laws. N ew Delhi, International Labor Office,
Interindustry Economics
The Interindustry Relations Study for 1947. B y W. Duane
Evans and M arvin Hoffenberg. {In Review of Eco
nomics and Statistics, Cambridge, Mass., M ay 1952,
pp. 97-142. Reprints available at $1 each.)
The interindustry relations or input-output method of
analysis, originated by Prof. W. W. Leontief of Harvard
University, has been the subject of work at the Bureau of
Labor Statistics since 1942. The m ethod makes use of
empirically established materials and service input patterns
for all the separate industries of the economy to determine
the detailed production requirements which are implied by
any desired or anticipated schedule of finished goods
deliveries (purchases by consumers, investors, exporters,
and government). An obvious extension is a check of the
implied production requirements against manpower, ma
chinery, and materials resource limitations. Because of
projected use of the approach for im provement of industrial
m obilization and feasibility analyses, a major data com
pilation project, financed largely by the D epartm ent of
Defense, was started by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in
1949. The monograph listed is a preliminary report on
this study. It includes discussions of the approach itself,
of the practical and conceptual problems m et in carrying
through the study, and of the research areas in which the
results m ay in tim e be applied. Appended 50-sector
tables (aggregated from the 500 sectors distinguished in
the basic work) show preliminary results.
Input-Output Analysis as an Aid to Manpower Policy. By
James Burtle. {In International Labor Review,
Geneva, M ay 1952, pp. 600-625. 60 cents. D is
tributed in U nited States by W ashington Branch of
ILO.)
Nontechnical discussion of the interindustry relations or
input-output method of analysis and its application to
problems of labor supply and demand, employment struc
ture and location, policies for alleviating unemployment,
and em ploym ent balance in inflationary situations. In
cludes input-output tables for the United States (1947—
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D epartm ent of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards,
1952. 12 pp. ; processed. (Bull. 138, rev.) Free.
Indian Branch, 1951. 1285 pp. $7.50. Distributed
in United States by W ashington Branch of ILO.
The volume deals w ith Afghanistan, Burma, Ceylon,
China, French establishments in India, H ong Kong, India,
Indochina, Indonesia, Japan, Federation of M alaya, Paki
stan, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is divided
into tw o parts. In the first part, international regulations
and national legislation are summarized by subject; in the
second, the more im portant laws are reproduced chrono
logically by country.
Law and Social Change in Contemporary Britain.
B y W.
Friedman. London, Stevens & Sons, Ltd., 1951.
xxiv, 322 pp., bibliography. 37s.6d.
Lois Sociales, Sécurité Sociale.
B y Perraud-Charmantier
and L. de Riedm atten. Paris, Librairie Générale de
Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1952. 288 pp. 4th ed.
Handbook of French labor and social legislation. Laws
and regulations are listed and briefly described in nonlegal
terminology.
Législation Sociale de la Suisse, 1951.
Zurich, Office
Fédéral de l’Industrie, des Arts et Métiers et du Travail,
1952. 304 pp. In French and German.
Medical Care and Sickness Insurance
Annual Survey [of] Accident and Health Coverage in the
United States, as of December SI, 1951. N ew York,
H ealth Insurance Council, 1952. 31 pp., bibliography,
map, charts.
Presents estim ates of the number of individuals protected
by insurance and other organizations against hospital,
surgical, and medical expenses.
Health Education and Preventive Medicine— “New” Hori
zons in Medical Care. B y George Rosen. {In
American Journal of Public H ealth and the N ation ’s
Health, N ew York, June 1952, pp. 687-693. $1.)
Describes preventive and educational program carried
out by the H ealth Insurance Plan of Greater N ew York
among its members, in conjunction with provision of
prepaid medical care.
PUB LIC ATIO N S OF L AB O R IN T E R E S T
316
MONTHLY LABOR
(In Indus
trial Medicine and Surgery, Chicago, June 1952,
pp. 282-296. 75 cents.)
Includes discussions of the roles of management,
physician, and nurse, and a report on a survey of medical
services in industry.
The Development of Executive Talent: A Handbook of Man
agement Development Techniques and Case Studies.
Patient Load and Volume of Medical Services. B y Antonio
Ciocco, Isidore Altman, T. D avid Truan. (In Public
Selected Reading List on Personnel Administration Through
Supervisors. Pasadena, California Institute of Tech
H ealth Reports, Federal Security Agency, Public
H ealth Service, W ashington, June 1952, pp. 527-534,
bibliography, charts. 45 cents, Superintendent of
Docum ents, W ashington.)
Findings of a survey among physicians in 27 counties of
western Pennsylvania, made in connection w ith a study of
national health manpower requirements.
nology, Industrial Relations Section, June 1952.
pp. (Circular 19.)
Medical Services in Industry—A Symposium.
Comparison of Temporary Disability Insurance Laws,
April 1952. W ashington, U. S. D epartm ent of Labor,
Bureau of E m ploym ent
processed. Free.
Security,
1952.
4 pp.;
California [Temporary] Disability Insurance Program.
W ashington, U . S. D epartm ent of Labor, Bureau of
Em ploym ent Security, 1952.
83 pp.; processed.
Free.
Ojf-the-Job Sickness and Disability Benefits in Connecticut.
[Hartford, D epartm ent of Labor], Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1952. 22 pp., chart; processed.
Prepared by Governor’s com m ittee appointed to draft
an off-the-job sickness and disability insurance bill.
Older Workers and Retirement
Company Practices Regarding Older Workers and Retire
ment. Libertyville, 111., Edwin Shields H ew itt and
Associates, 1952. 34 pp., charts.
Based on information furnished by 657 companies with
approxim ately 2.5 million employees, of whom about 2.3
million were covered by retirement benefit plans.
Employment and Economic Status of Older Men and Women.
W ashington, U . S. D epartm ent of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1952. 58 pp., map, charts. (Bull.
1092.)
30 cents, Superintendent of Docum ents,
Washington.
Policies of Recruitment and Retirement of Older Workers
Among Denver Employers. B y Fred W ilkins. (In
Industrial Relations N ewsletter, U niversity of D en
ver, D epartm ent of Personnel and Industrial Rela
tions, Denver, Colo., Spring 1952, pp. 4-16.)
Retirement Plans in Colleges and Universities, and Important
Factors Affecting Them. Norman, U niversity of
Oklahoma, 1951. 110 pp.; processed.
Report on policies and practices in 37 institutions in
1950-51.
Personnel Management and Policies
Building Employee Morale. W ashington, Bureau of N a
tional Affairs, Inc., 1952.
Forum Survey 12.) $1.
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15 pp.
(Personnel Policies
Edited by M. Joseph Dooher and Vivienne Marquis.
N ew York, American M anagement Association, 1952.
576 pp., bibliography, charts, diagrams, forms.
$5.75 to members of Association, $6.75 to others.
8
Successful Employee Benefit Plans. N ew York, PrenticeHall, Inc., 1952. 561 pp., forms. $8.85.
Analyzes for managem ent the components which make
for successful planning of programs.
Social Security (General)
The Cost of Social Security. (In International Labor
R eview, Geneva, June 1952, pp. 726-791. 60 cents.
D istributed in U nited States by W ashington Branch
of ILO.)
Minimum Standards of Social Security; Objectives and Ad
vanced Standards of Social Security. Geneva, Inter
national Labor Office, 1952. 313 and 164 pp. (R e
ports V (a) (2) and V (b) prepared for 35th session of
International Labor Conference.) $1.75 and $1,
respectively. D istributed in U nited States by Wash
ington Branch of ILO.
A preliminary draft of a proposed convention on mini
mum standards of social security was published in report
V (a) (1) for the 35th session of the Conference.
Economic Security of Farm Operators. B y Alfred M.
Skolnik. (In Social Security Bulletin, Federal Se
curity Agency, Social Security Administration, Wash
ington, M ay 1952, pp. 3 -9 , 21. 20 cents, Superin
tendent of D ocum ents, W ashington.)
Social Security Trends in the Countries of the Near and
Middle East. B y Ferit H. Saymen. (In Bulletin of
the International Social Security Association, Geneva,
March 1952, pp. 89-109.)
Thirty Years of Family Allowances in Belgium. B y Leon
L. Hom&s. (In Bulletin of the International Social
Security Association,
144-150.)
Geneva,
April
1952,
pp.
Wages, Salaries, and Hours of Labor
Annual Earnings of Boston Fishermen in 1951.
W ashing
ton, U. S. D epartm ent of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1952. 14 pp., chart; processed. Free.
Wage Movements: Salaries of Firemen and Policemen—A
Quarter Century Review. W ashington, U. S. D epart
m ent of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, [1952],
8 p p .; processed. Free.
Earnings and Employment of Office Workers in Manu
facturing, [New York State], 1951. (In Labor Market
Review, State D epartm ent of Labor, Bureau of
Research and Statistics, D ivision of Placem ent and
Unem ploym ent Insurance, N ew York, March 1952,
pp. 11-17.)
Annual Review of Man-Hours and Hourly Earnings, With
Average Weekly Wages, [Canada], 1945-1951. Ottawa,
D epartm ent of Trade and Commerce, Dominion
Bureau of Statistics, 1952. 27 pp., charts. 25 cents.
The Normal Work Week, Canadian Manufacturing (as of
October 1, 1951). (In Labor Gazette, Department
of Labor, Ottawa, June 1952, pp. 708-722, charts.
10 cents in Canada, 25 cents in other countries.)
Statistics of Wages and Working Hours in Egypt, January
1951. Cairo, M inistry of N ational Economy, Statis
tical D epartm ent, 1951.
101 pp.
Situation des Salariés Agricoles, [France],
Paris, Conseil
(Études et Travaux,
Économique, 1951. 180 pp.
20.) 320 francs.
A study of the agricultural labor situation in France,
giving detailed information on the number of agricultural
wage earners, their working conditions, methods of pay
ment, housing, and benefits derived from social-welfare
legislation.
Social Incentives and Income Differentiation in the U. S. S. R.
By K. Bieda. (In Australian Quarterly, Australian
Institute of Political Science, Sydney, March 1952,
pp. 31-45. 4s.)
Discusses Government promotion of wage equalization
in the early years of the Soviet regime and subsequent
change of policy in favor of increasing wage inequality.
Miscellaneous
Charting Statistics.
B y Mary Eleanor Spear. New York,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1952. 253 pp. $4.50.
Describes and illustrates, by means of 176 charts by the
author, methods of designing and the proper use of basic
charts for the portrayal of economic and statistical data.
Includes such subjects of labor interest as employment,
earnings, working hours, income, prices, and production.
Human Relations in Administration: The Sociology of
Organization, with Readings and Cases. Edited by
Robert Dubin. N ew York, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1951.
573 pp. $7.35.
Man, Money, and Goods.
B y John S. Gambs. New
York, Columbia University Press, 1952. 339 pp.,
bibliography, charts. $3.75.
Nontechnical evaluation of different schools of eco
nomic theory. A chapter on the price of labor, land, and
capital includes discussion of wage theories.
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting, Industrial Relations
Research Association, Boston, Mass., December 28-29,
1951. Edited by L. Reed Tripp. Madison, Wis.
(Secretary-Treasurer of IR R A , Park and University,
Temp. 3, Room 5), 1952. 289 pp. (Pub. 8.) $3.
Topics covered included wages, manpower, recent re
search on employee attitudes and morale, international
labor activities, arbitration in labor relations, unionmanagem ent cooperation, labor’s participation in defense
effort, and social security. Some of the papers presented
were analyzed in the M onthly Labor Review for February
(p. 145) and March (p. 275) 1952.
219410— 52------ 5
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317
PUBLICATIONS OF LABOR IN T ER E S T
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
Proceedings of the 15th Annual National Time and Motion
Study and Management Clinic Sponsored by the
Industrial Management Society, October 31, November
1-2, 1951, Chicago, III. Chicago, Industrial M anage
ment Society, 1952.
122 pp., charts, illus.
$4.
The Social History of a War-Boom Community.
B y Robert
J. Havighurst and H. Gerthon Morgan. N ew York,
Longmans, Green and Co., Inc., 1951. xix, 356 pp.,
charts, maps, illus. $4.
Willow Run: A Study of Industrialization and Cultural
Inadequacy. By Lowell J. Carr and James E.
Stermer. N ew York, Harper and Brothers, 1952.
xxii, 406 pp., bibliography, charts, maps, illus. $5.
The two books listed above are case studies of the social
changes brought about by the im pact of World War II
defense production on small comm unities. Emphasis is
on consequences of unusual population influx in relation
to business, local com m unity agencies, social relations,
and housing.
A similar book, dealing with the Ham pton Roads com
m unities (Norfolk, Va., area) in World War II was noted
in the June M onthly Labor Review (p. 705).
British Planning and Nationalization.
B y Ben W. Lewis.
N ew York, Tw entieth Century Fund, 1952. 313 pp.,
bibliography. $3.
Explores selected areas in w'hich the Labor Government
attem pted (1945-1951) positive economic controls, and
evaluates results. Includes chapters on formal economic
planning machinery, town and country planning, redistri
bution of industry, national health service, housing, agri
culture, and four nationalized industries (coal, transport,
electric power, iron and steel), as well as a general chapter
on the issue of nationalization.
Industrial Democracy and Nationalization.
B y H . A.
Clegg. Oxford, England, Basil Blackwell, 1951.
147 pp. 9s. 6d. net.
A Fabian Socialist considers how nationalized industries
can best be organized in Great Britain so as to provide
some measure of worker participation in management, at
establishm ent level; to safeguard independence of unions;
and to provide efficient service with a minimum of red
tape. Discusses the question of ministerial responsibility
and control vis-à-vis the managing board on the one hand,
and Parliament on the other. Author’s conclusions are of
particular interest in view of co-determination issue raised
by German trade-unions.
L’Economia Italiana nel 1951.
Rome, Confederazione
Generale dell’Industria Italiana, 1952. 262 ,pp.
This annual report on the Italian econom y by the
General Confederation of Italian Industry includes in
formation on population, production, strikes, wages, etc,
Relazione alVAssemblea dei Delegaii delle Associazioni
Aderenti (16 Gennaio 1952). Rome, Confederazione
Generale dell’Industria Italiana, 1952. 473 pp.
Annual report of the General Confederation of Italian
Industry to its member associations for the year 1951.
One section deals with labor-management problems and
developm ents and social security and assistance,
Current Labor Statistics
A.—Employment and Payrolls
320 Table A -l:
Estimated civilian labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
321 Table A-2: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
and group
325 Table A-3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries
327 Table A-4: Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in
manufacturing industries
328 Table A-5: Federal civilian employment and payrolls, by branch and agency group
329 Table A-6; Government civilian employment and payrolls in Washington, D. C.,
by branch and agency group
330 Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected States 1
331 Table A-8: Employees in manufacturing industries, by State 1
332 Table A-9: Insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance pro
grams, by geographic division and State
B.—Labor Turn-Over
333 Table B -l:
334 Table B-2:
Monthly labor turn-over rates (per 100 employees) in manufacturing
industries, by class of turn-over
Monthly labor turn-over rates (per 100 employees) in selected groups
and industries
C.—Earnings and Hours
336 Table C -l:
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory
employees
351 Table C-2: Gross average weekly earnings of production workers in selected
industries, in current and 1939 dollars
352 Table C-3: Gross and net spendable average weekly earnings of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1939 dollars
352 Table C-4: Average hourly earnings, gross and exclusive of overtime, of produc
tion workers in manufacturing industries
353 Table C-5: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing
industries for selected States and areas 1
1 This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the R eview.
N ote.
318
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Beginning with Volume 74, tables in the A section have been renumbered consecutively,
to take into account the elimination of tw o tables.
319
CURRENT LAB O R ST AT IST IC S
D.—Prices and Cost of Living
359 Table D -l:
360
361
362
363
364
365
365
366
Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families in large cities,
by group of commodities
Table D-2: Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families, by city, for
selected periods
Table D-3: Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families, by city and
group of commodities
Table D-4: Indexes of retail prices of foods, by group, for selected periods
Table D-5: Indexes of retail prices of foods, by city
Table D-6: Average retail prices and indexes of selected foods
Table D-7: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group of commodities (1947-49=100)
Table D-7a: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group of commodities, for selected
periods (1926=100)
Table D-8: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
E. —Work Stoppages
367 Table E -l:
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
F. —Building and Construction
368 Table F -l:
369 Table F-2:
370 Table F-3:
371
Table F-4:
372 Table F-5:
Expenditures for new construction
Value of contracts awarded and force-account work started on fed
erally financed new construction, by type of construction
Urban building authorized, by principal class of construction and by
type of building
New nonresidential building authorized in all urban places, by general
type and by geographic division
Number and construction cost of new permanent nonfarm dwelling
units started, by urban or rural location, and by source of funds
N ote.— Earlier figures in many of the series appearing in the following tables are shown in the Handbook of Labor
Statistics, 1950 Edition (BLS Bulletin 1016). For convenience in referring to the historical statistics,
the tables in this issue of the M onthly Labor Review are keyed to the appropriate tables in the Handbook.
MLR
table
Handbook
table
A - l _____
A -2
A-13
—
A -3 _____ —
A -4 ______
Ii A_1
1A-3
IA -4
1( a - 8
[A -3
A -4
[a - 7
A -6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MLR
table
Handbook
table
A -5 _______ ________ A -9
A -6 _______
____ None
A -7 _______ ________ A -2
A -8 _______ ________ A -2
A -9 _______ ________ A -14
B - l _______ ________ B - l
B -2 _______ . . . _____B -2
C - l _______ ________ C - l
C -2 _______ __ ____ None
MLR
table
Handbook
table
C -3 _______ ________ C -4
C -4 _______ ________ C -3
C -5 _______ ________ C -2
D - l ______ ________ D - l
D - 2 ______ ________ D -2
D - 3 ______
D - 4 ______ ________ D -4
ÌD -2
D - 5 ______
------------ [D -3
MLR
table
Handbook
table
D - 6 _______
D - 7 a _____ ________ D -5
D - 8 _______ ----------- None
E - l _______ ________ E -2
F - l _______ ________ H - l
F -2 _______ ________ H -4
F -3 _______ ________ H -6
F -4 _______ ________ H -6
F -5 _______ ________ 1-1
320
MONTHLY LABOR
A: EMPLOYMENT AND P A Y R O L L S
A: Employment and Payrolls
T able
A -l: Estimated Civilian Labor Force Classified by Employment Status, Hours Worked, and Sex
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and o v er 1 (in thousands)
1951
1952
Labor force!
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.*
Aug.
July
62,688
1,674
920
374
152
136
92
61,014
54,636
45,116
5,926
2,080
1, 514
6,378
4,392
1,538
250
198
63,164
1,828
1,072
390
130
114
63,452
1,616
944
330
126
126
90
61,836
54,168
43,040
7, 488
1,922
1,718
7, 668
6,090
1,270
228
80
63,186
1,606
1,004
280
128
78
116
61, 580
54,054
29.204
20.070
1,818
2,962
7,526
5,724
1,436
224
142
64,208
1,578
870
390
64,382
1,856
43,114
1,008
42,106
36, 728
31,974
2,906
852
996
5,378
4,110
936
158
174
43,346
43, 522
890
42,632
36. 756
31, 206
3, 654
780
1,116
5,876
5,110
554
142
70
43,672
842
42,830
37,050
22,174
12,240
760
1,876
5,780
4,810
690
154
126
44,720
956
43, 764
37,604
31, 554
2, 726
656
19,574
19,818
826
18,992
17,698
12,606
3,292
1,268
532
1,294
380
766
116
32
19,930
726
19,204
17,412
11,834
3,834
1,142
602
1,792
980
716
19,514
764
18, 750
17,004
7,030
7,830
1,058
1,086
1,746
914
746
70
16
19,488
622
18,866
17,338
Dec.
Total, both sexes
Civilian labor force_______________________
64, 176
Unemployment ________ ___________
1,942
Unemployed 4 weeks or less_________ 1,174
Unemployed 5-10 weeks____________
476
Unemployed 11-14 weeks___________
116
Unemployed 15-26 w eek s.-. _______
106
Unemployed over 26 weeks____ . .
70
Em ploym ent_______________ ______ . 62, 234
Nonagricultural________ __________ 54,636
Worked 35 hours or more________ 42,112
Worked 15-34 hours.
. ___
5,016
Worked 1-14 hours 4_ . . . _____
1,512
With a job but not at w o rk 5. . 5,996
Agricultural__________ ______ ____
7, 59S
Worked 35 hours or more________
5, 654
Worked 15-34 hours. __________
1,610
Worked 1-14 hours 4____________
174
W ith a job but not at w ork5. . .
160
64,390
1,818
1,240
288
78
146
66
62,572
54,402
44,144
5,180
1,642
3,436
8,170
6,482
1,408
184
96
62, 778
1,602
896
352
96
158
100
61,176
54,216
45,284
4,946
1,934
2,052
6,900
5,416
1,308
120
116
61, 744
1,612
774
342
174
196
126
60,132
53,720
43,002
6, 826
1,918
1,974
6,412
4,684
1,416
150
162
61,518
1,804
880
418
202
208
96
59,714
53. 702
43,954
5,810
2,012
1,926
6,012
4,152
1,378
202
280
61,838
2,086
982
638
174
198
94
59, 752
53, 688
44,134
5, 652
2, 078
1,824
6,064
4,390
1,194
194
286
61,780
2,054
1,068
570
136
172
108
59,726
53, 540
44,046
5, 686
2,002
1,806
6,186
4,116
1,378
316
376
122
61,336
54,314
43, 708
6, 832
2,102
1,672
7,022
4,660
1,840
332
190
102
104
112
62,630
54,942
43,656
5, 080
1,558
4,648
7,688
5,658
1,592
238
200
1 ,1 2 2
408
92
100
134
62, 526
54,618
42,312
4. 898
1,570
5,838
7,908
6,110
1,468
206
124
Males
Civilian labor force..______________________
Unemployment- _____________________
Em ploym ent__________________________
Nonagricultural___________________
Worked 35 hours or more________
Worked 15-34 hours____________
Worked 1-14 hours 4____________
W ith a job but not at w o rk 5. .
Agricultural_______________________
Worked 35 hours or more________
Worked 15-34 hours------------------Worked 1-14 hours 4____________
W ith a job but not at work 5__
44, 720
1,244
43.476
37,316
30, 286
2 , 682
562
3,786
6,160
5,114
778
134
134
44,464
1,138
43,326
37,050
31, 734
2,490
628
2,198
6,276
5,450
596
140
90
43,262
972
42,290
36,620
32,060
2,438
780
1,342
5,670
4,902
618
76
74
42,946
1,048
41,898
36,298
30,796
3,478
778
1,246
5,600
4,464
876
124
136
42,810
1,224
41,586
36,246
31,038
3,060
838
1,310
5,340
3,966
964
148
262
42,858
1,376
41,482
36,116
31,346
2, 724
852
1,194
5,366
4,210
768
154
234
42,864
1,384
41,480
36,132
31,296
2,852
828
1,156
5,348
3,910
888
232
318
1,002
42,344
36,616
31,102
3,540
834
1,140
5, 728
4, 280
1,074
216
158
2,668
6,160
5,128
724
132
176
44, 602
1,098
43, 504
37,234
30,492
2,614
608
3,520
6,270
5,346
680
122
122
Females
Civilian labor force_______________________
Unemployment ------------ . ___________
Employm ent__________________________
Nonagricultural___ ________________
Worked 35 hours or more________
Worked 15-34 hours____________
Worked 1-14 hours 4____________
With a job but not at w ork5. . .
Agricultural_______________________
Worked 35 hours or more........... ...
Worked 15-34 hours............ .............
Worked 1-14 hours 4____________
W ith a job but not at work 5. . .
19,456
698
18,758
17,320
11,826
2, 334
950
2,210
1,438
540
832
40
26
19,926
680
19, 246
17,352
12,410
2, 690
1,014
1,238
1,894
1,032
812
44
6
19,516
630
18,886
17,596
13,224
2,508
1,154
710
1,290
514
690
44
42
18,798
564
18,234
17,422
12,206
3,348
1,140
728
812
i Estimates are subject to sampling variation which may be large in cases
where the quantities shown are relatively small. Therefore, the smaller
estimates should be used with caution. All data exclude persons in institu
tions. Because of rounding, the individual figures do not necessarily add to
group totals.
* Beginning with January 1951, total labor force is not shown because of the
security classification of the Armed Forces component.
5 Census survey week contains legal holiday.
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220
540
26
26
18, 708
580
18,128
17,456
12,916
2,750
1,174
616
672
186
414
54
18
18,980
710
18,270
17,572
12,788
2,928
1,226
630
698
180
426
40
52
18,916
670
18,246
17, 408
12, 750
2,834
1,174
650
838
206
490
84
58
666
18,908
17,908
13,142
3,020
1,228
518
1,000
282
602
92
24
86
10
12,10 2
2,354
902
1,980
1,528
530
868
106
24
19,780
758
19,022
17,384
11,820
2,284
962
2,318
1,638
764
788
84
2
4 Excludes persons engaged only in incidental unpaid family work (less than
15 hours); these persons are classified as not in the labor force.
5 Includes persons who had a job or business, but who did not work during
the census week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor dispute or
because of temporary lay-off with definite instructions to return to work
within 30 days of lay-off. Does not include unpaid family workers.
Source: U . S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T a b l e A -2 :
321
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAY R O L L S
Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group 1
[ I n th o u s a n d s ]
1952
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and industry
July
Total employees _ _ ..........................................
Mining____________________ ___________
M etal________________________________
Iron.......................................... ......................
Copper ________ _________________
Lead and zinc___ ___ ______________
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1951
1950
45,941 46,378 46,355 46, 299 46,001 45,899 45,913 47, 663 46,852 46, 902 46,956 46, 724 46,432 46, 401 44,124
790
78. C
827
80.3
11. 2
29.9
21.5
65.1
65.5
60.1
66.8
61.8
67.0
67.1
67.1
67.2
67.9
68.3
272.0
304.9
348.7
356.5
362.8
366.0
367.0
368.5
367.9
367.0
366.5
369.6
Anthracite___________ ________________
Bituminous-coal.......... ................ ................_
June
Crude petroleum and natural gas production___________________________
893
107.3
38. 5
29.3
21.9
904
896
107.3 106.8
38. C 36. £
29.2
29.2
22.2
22.2
902
107.2
36. f
29.1
22.4
909
106. t
37.1
28.9
22.2
916
106. <
37.5
28.8
21.9
917
105.4
37.7
28.4
21.4
917
104. i
38.2
27.9
20.9
917
103.7
38.7
27. 9
19.8
922
105.2
39. (
28.8
20.0
906
105. ]
38. i
29.0
20.3
920
104.9
37.6
28.7
20.8
904
101.0
35 5
28.1
19.7
65.5
69.1
75.1
359.4
378.2
375.6
255 3
271.2
266.3
267.4
266.1
266.6
267.4
268.8
269.2
268.7
269.1
269.5
267. f
262.2
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____
107.0
105.9
105.5
104.8
101.4
100.7
100.8
105.1
107.3
109.3
109.5
109.8
108.2
105.1
97.4
Contract construction____________________
2, 729
2, 663
2, 520
2,416
2,296
2,308
2,316
2,518
2,633
2,761
2,768
2,809
2,754
2,569
2,318
542
236.3
305.3
502
215.2
287.0
454
179.3
274.2
398
143.2
254. 4
395
143.5
251.1
390
140.3
249.5
453
179.4
273.3
495
207.3
288.1
544
234.5
309.6
554
240.4
313.1
568
247.7
320.5
556
242.5
313.8
486
200.4
285.1
447
183.0
264.1
Nonbuilding construction____ _________
Highway and street___ ... _____ ____
Other nonbuilding construction______
Building construction_________________
2,121
2,018
1,962
1,898
1,913
1,926
2,065
2,138
2, 217
2, 214
2,241
2,198
2,084
1,871
General contractors___________________
872
818
794
768
775
775
847
887
944
945
963
945
880
797
Special-trade contractors______________
Plumbing and heating___________ _
Painting and decorating_____________
Electrical w o r k __ _____ _ ________
Other special-trade contractors______
1,249 1,200 1,168 1,130 1,138 1,151 1,218 1,251 1,273 1,269 1,278 1, 253 1,204 1,074
' 299.5 287.8 286.8 288.6 291.4 ' 296. 9 ' 307.9 313.6 '314.0 308. 4 ' 305. 7 300.1 298. 5 270 6
177. 5 174.7 158.2 145.3 143.5 14P. 4 167.6 175.5 182.9 188.8 189.9 183.0 165.5 132 5
162.2 156.9 154.5 154.9 155.2 156.9 158. 2 156.9 155.3 153.4 154.0 149.9 147.5 128 6
610.1 580.7 568.4 540.9 548.0 550.6 584.6 604.8 620.7 618.6 628.4 620.1 591. 9 541.7
Manufacturing__________________________
15,104 15, 487 15, 680 15, 795 15, 869 15,859 15,776 15,913 15,890 15,965 16,039 16,008 15,813 15,931 14,884
Durable goods 2 __________________ 8,251
Nondurable goods J___ . . . .
_
6,853
Ordnance and accessories.____ ________
79.0
Food and kindred products____________ 1,599
Meat products. ____________________
Dairy products... ________________
Canning and preserving___________
Grain-mill products_______________
Bakery products.. _______________
S u g a r ___ ____ ___________________
Confectionery and related products___
Beverages
Miscellaneous food products_________
Tobacco manufactures_________________
Cigarettes__________________________
Cigars_________________________
____
Tobacco and snuff______
Tobacco stemming and redrying...........
86
Textile-mill products__ _____ _________ 1,174
'Varn and thread mills_______________
Broad-woven fabric mills .
Knitting mills
Dyeing and finishing textiles . ______
Carpets, rugs, other floor covering
Other textile-mill products.
Apparel and other finished textile
produ cts________________________ 1,097
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats.......
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and
work clothing. _________________
Women’s outerwear
................. .
Women’s, children’s undergarments .
M illinery____
Children’s outerwear .. .
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Other fabricated textile products
Lumber and wood products (except furniturel___ ______. . . ...........................
L o g g in g c a m p s a n d c o n tr a c to r s
S a w m ills a n d p l a n i n g m ills .
M i l l w o rk , p l y w o o d , a n d p r e f a b r ic a te d
s t r u c t u r a l w o o d n r o d u c t s ______
W o o d e n c o n ta in e r s
M is c e lla n e o u s w o o d p r o d u c t s __________
See footnotes at end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
766
8,689
6,798
79.6
9,012
6,668
78.2
9,054
6,741
76.3
9,035
6,834
74.3
9,010
6,849
71.7
8,946
6,830
63.2
9,000
6,913
66.3
8, 976
6,914
63.4
8,942
7, 023
59.0
8, 913
7,126
55.1
8,878
7,130
50.8
8,839
6, 974
46.5
8, 926
7,005
46.7
8,008
6,876
24.7
1,530 1,465 1,444 1,444 1,448 1,452 1,507 1,547 1,644 1, 721 1,698 1,615 1,555 1,542
294. 6 292.9 295.4 301.5 309.3 310.7 314.5 309.8 298.7 297. 2 295.1 299.3 300.1 295.6
154.4 148.0 141.4 136.0 134. 9 133.5 136.6 139.3 144. 7 150. 2 156. 4 158.3 145. 5 144. 5
178.0 148.1 138.9 129.6 130.4 131.3 145. 5 170.6 263.4 356. 6 332.3 252. 7 206.4 202. 9
133.4 129.8 129.7 130.6 130.5 131.0 130.5 130.1 131.3 131.7 132.1 131.6 128. 9 123.9
290.9 282.4 286.7 287.0 286.4 286.2 288.3 288.6 291.6 289.8 288.3 288.2 287. 6 285.9
26.7
30.1
28.8
28.0
27.4
28. 7
42.0
51.7
46.1
30.3
29.7
34.0
27.3
34.5
93.8
88.6
87.8
95.2
87.5
97.2
90.6
96.7
97.8 102.2 104. 5 106.3 101.7
99.5
227.3 217.8 203.8 207. 4 202.8 203. 9 214.3 216. 2 221. 5 225. 7 232.0 232. 2 218.8 216 3
134.3 130.1 129.8 131.2 129.9 129.3 132.9 136.1 140.3 137.5 136.2 135.4 136.5 138.5
85
27.1
42.2
11.6
4.4
85
26. 7
41.6
11.8
4.7
84
26.5
41.0
11.8
4.8
86
26.5
41.8
11.8
5.4
88
26.8
41.7
12.0
7.1
90
26.8
40. 9
11. 9
9.9
92
27.0
41. 9
11.8
11.5
93
26.9
42.3
11. 9
11. 5
96
26.6
42.0
11. 7
15.8
96
26.2
41.1
12.0
16.8
91
26.0
39.9
11. 7
13.3
81
26.0
39.0
11. 7
4.4
88
26.1
41.0
11. 9
8.9
88
25. 9
41.2
12.3
8.8
1,181 1,178 1,189 1,209 1,217 1,226 1, 237 1,227 1,228 1,231 1,247 1,262 1,282 1,297
157.1 155.1 155.9 157.9 159.7 160.0 160. 5 160.3 161.3 164.0 164.8 161.5 167.1 162.0
536.3 532. 5 538.1 548. 9 556. 2 569. 7 579.3 575.2 578.0 582.8 592. 7 605.8 600. 4 616 1
232. 6 229.3 229.3 229.8 230.0 229.1 231 0 229 0 228. 4 225.1 230. 9 230.1 238. 8 242 8
86.4
84.9
84.9
89.2
83.2
84.0
89.3
87.8
87.9
86.4
84.7
83.3
88.1
89. 7
52. 6
44.5
51. 6
49. 5
48. 5
49. 2
52.6
52.3
50.9
50 4
49.4
50.7
55.0
60.6
125. 2 124.8 126.5 130. 6 129. 9 128.6 128. 2 127.0 126 4 127.0 126.0 126. 9 132.4 125.7
1,092 1,078 1,115 1,172 1,172 1,149 1,155 1,128 1,138 l. 156 1,167 1,110 1,160 1,159
132. 5 125.8 134.3 140. 4 141.2 140.7 136.4 131.0 144. 2 151.5 152.8 142.9 147.7 148.3
259.3
287.6
101.3
16. 2
68.9
89.1
137.3
255.9
287.4
101.5
18.1
65. 5
85.3
138.6
257.6
309. 7
102. 2
21. 2
64.8
85.0
140.6
256. 6
342.3
102. 7
26.0
69.9
88.2
145.8
251. 9
344.7
101.1
25.5
69.8
89.5
148.6
247.2
335. 5
98.9
23.4
65.9
90.3
146. 7
253.6
331.5
100.3
21.0
64.0
98.9
149. 2
251.6
314.1
100.3
19.1
64. 7
101. 5
145.6
256.2
305.5
99.7
21.1
63.6
102.2
145. 2
257.0
320 2
97. 7
21.5
62.8
102.2
143.0
256.2
329.8
97.5
21.6
65.3
101.4
142.5
251. 2
305.9
94.6
19.7
65.0
92.1
138.6
264.2
317.7
100.9
21.2
65.2
97.1
145.6
263. 2
320.3
105.4
22.0
66.5
89.6
143.5
772
6 9 .2
461.5
709
4 7 .6
426.9
742
62.1
438.1
735
62.3
430. 2
733
61.1
429.0
718
52.1
4 2 3.2
761
68 .8
445.1
783
7 4 .9
460.7
803
78.1
4 7 1.4
808
79.8
47 5 .0
818
7 6 .8
4 8 1.8
813
77 .3
4 7 7.0
805
7 3 .3
469.4
792
6 7 .9
4 6 1.6
108.5
7 3 .9
59.1
101. 5
74.3
5 8 .5
107.3
75.1
5 9 .8
106.0
7 6 .0
6 0 .4
105.3
7 6 .5
6 0 .6
107.0
76 .5
59 .2
109.3
7 7 .9
59 .8
110.8
76 .7
6 0 .2
115.2
7 7 .0
61.1
115.6
7 7 .0
6 0 .8
118.4
7 8 .0
6 2 .9
115.9
8 0 .3
62.1
118.8
8 0 .3
62 .7
124.3
7 7 .7
6 0 .8
322
A: EMPLOYMENT AND P A Y R O L L S
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
A-2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group1—Con.
[In thousands]
1952
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and industry
July
Manufacturing—Continued
Furniture and fixtures_________________
Household furniture___________ _____
Other furniture and fixtures_________
June
M ay
April
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1951
1950
334
337
230.9
106.1
336
231.0
104.5
342
235. 3
106.6
346
237.8
107.7
345
236.4
108.2
345
237.2
107.5
344
236.5
108. 1
342
235.1
106.8
337
229.8
107.3
334
225.0
108. 5
333
223.9
108.8
331
223.7
106. £
349
240.8
108 0
357
255.5
101 5
Paper and allied products______________
Pulp paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes___ Other paper and allied products__ _
471
480
243.5
128.2
108.7
476
241.6
125. 9
108.0
477
241.6
126.8
108.4
479
243.4
127. 1
108.3
482
246.4
126.8
108.3
482
247.1
126.8
108.4
484
245. £
129. 2
109.3
486
246.1
130 5
109. 4
488
246. 3
131. 4
110.4
490
247. 7
131.1
111. 2
494
248.1
132. 5
113.0
493
247.1
133.0
113.1
494
245 7
184 9
118 0
472
235. 8
128 5
107 7
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Newspapers__
Periodicals._ _ __ __________
Books
Commercial printing—.
Lithographing
Other printing and publishing__
771
771
306.4
53.8
52.3
204.9
39.6
113.7
766
305.1
54.1
50.8
203.6
39.8
763
302.6
54.3
51.2
203.4
40.0
773
302. 5
55. 4
51.2
207.1
41.9
115.2
769
300. 7
54. 5
50.9
206. 3
42.1
114.6
764
299.6
53.8
51.0
203 7
41.5
114.1
40 9
113.9
758
299.1
52.2
49.0
204. 2
40. 4
112.9
763
299
53
49
205
41
113
743
293 2
52 1
46 7
1 1 2 .1
775
304.4
56. 1
51.3
207. 9
41. 5
114. 2
759
298.5
53. 5
•r0 3
1 1 1 .8
765
303.5
54.6
51.6
203.9
39.9
111.3
768
303.2
54.7
51.2
207.2
39.9
1 12 .2
763
301.8
54.4
51.3
204.0
40.2
111.4
Chemicals and allied products________
738
739
84.1
225.0
111.5
75.0
31.2
44.8
167.1
741
754
83. E 83.1
221.4 223.3
110.5 110. 5
74.6
74.8
37.1
42.3
47.2
51.1
166.5 168.7
761
83. 5
227.8
110 . 6
75.0
41.9
53. 7
168. 6
759
83.4
228. 1
109.1
74.8
38.8
56.9
168.0
757
83. 5
229. 5
108.2
74.8
35.0
59.6
166.6
759
84. 2
230 9
108. 3
74.3
32. 5
61. 9
166. 6
762
763
84. C 83. 7
233.0 231.3
108.3 107.9
74. 4
75. 1
32. 7
31. 8
64. 5
63. 3
167.6 168.2
764
84 f
234. 5
108 1
75.9
32. 7
59.8
168.6
753
84. 1
233.3
108.3
76.9
30. 6
49.9
169.4
744
84.0
230.9
107.3
76.9
29.9
47.5
167.9
749
82
227
106
75
34
55
158
270
218.6
20.7
30.2
240
188. 5
271
267
220. C 216. £
22.4
22. 5
28.7
28.0
267
217.1
266
216.4
269
218. S
269
215.4
267
213. £
267
214.0
266
213.7
263
27.6
27.4
28.5
269
217. 0
21.3
30.4
30.7
30.4
30.5
270
29.4
119.7
269
120.4
29.2
119.0
268
120.3
27.6
120.2
270
119.3
29.9
120.9
269
119.4
30.3
119.6
272
119. 7
31.0
121.7
273
120. 5
31. 1
121. 7
273
120.4
31. 2
121.8
269
115.0
31.1
122.9
272
117. 7
30. 9
123.6
272
116. 5
30.9
124.5
271
115.0
30.4
125.7
272
115 5
30 8
125 7
95* 0
114*9
380
44.9
245.5
89.9
370
43.6
237.2
89.5
376
43. 7
241.0
90.8
383
44. 2
245. 6
93. 6
382
44. 5
244.1
93. 2
368
44.2
235.1
89.1
362
43. 7
228. 2
90. 5
356
43.3
220. 7
92.3
359
42.6
224.0
92.5
365
42. 2
230. 4
92. 7
382
44. 8
244.0
92.8
374
46.0
237,0
90.7
381
46 7
240 6
93 3
259 3
Q1' \
535
142.8
41.1
91.5
53.1
530
142.1
41.3
88.9
53.4
98.0
106.7
533
140.9
42.2
89.3
54.1
97.5
108.9
530
139.5
42. 5
86. 9
54. 2
97.0
110 . 2
528
138.0
42.4
87 3
54.7
96.2
109. 6
533
137.6
42.8
545
141. 8
43.0
92. 0
55. 3
100.3
112. 7
552
143.2
43. 2
93.0
56.2
559
146. 7
43.3
93. 2
56. 8
103. 1
115. 4
561
147. 9
43. 6
93 4
57. 2
103.0
116. 2
564
148.5
44.0
93.4
57.7
103.8
116.1
557
141.8
43.8
93.2
57.4
104.1
116.7
556
145
43
91
58
Industrial organic chemicals____
Drugs and medicines__
Paints, pigments, and fillers________
Fertilizers
Vegetable and animal oils and fats
Other chemicals and allied products
Products of petroleum and coal________
Petroleum refining__________ ______
Coke and byproducts
Other petroleum and coal products__
272
Rubber products-------------------------------Tires and inner tubes______________
Rubber footwear
Other rubber products_______________
257
Leather and leather products---------------Leather
Footwear (except rubber)________ _
Other leather products
388
Stone, clay, and glass products...................
Glass and glass products_________
Cement, hydraulic _ _________
Structural clav products
Pottery and related p r o d u cts__
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Other stone, clay, and glass products
533
Primary metal industries______________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills
- _____________
Iron and steel foundries
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals _ ________________
Nonferrous foundries _ __
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)___ _______________
Tin cans and other tinware.......... ...........
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies
___
Fabricated structural metal products..
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.
Other fabricated metal products--
121.0
___
920
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
945
270.2
266.1
906
Machinery (except electrical).____ _____ 1,605
Engines and turbines__________
Agricultural machinery and tractors__
Construction and mining machinery
Metalworking machinery.... ....................
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)__________
General industrial machinery________
Office and store machines and devices..
Service-industry and household machines _______ . . . _______________
Miscellaneous machinery parts_______
See footnote at end of table.
101.0
105.8
22.6
28.8
1,342
649.7
271.1
1,338
646.5
270.7
1,350
656.8
272.1
22 .2
1,354
659.2
275 0
22.1
88.8
54. 7
97.2
111. 5
1,354
657.6
277.4
22.2
1,355
658.9
279. 9
102.1
113.8
1,339
643. 6
281. 9
22.1
31.1
1,349
655.6
280 4
22.1
1,351
659. 0
280 6
202 2
22.2
1,352
659. 8
280. 7
22 2
1,341
656. 5
277.9
2
5
8
6
2
5
2
2
2
6
8
1
2
210 6
21 8
30 4
7
0
3
6
10 1.2
115 6
1.345
650 5
279.9
200 8
40 7
108 9
686
71 5
200*1
95 8
71 4
34 0
54 5
1 5 8 *3
245
194 ß
90 g
99 5
252
110 q
394
50 g
512
122 5
49* 1
82 4
57*9
92,2
103 5
1,220
614 1
57.2
57.1
56.9
56. 8
56 9
56.3
56. 4
56. 2
56. 3
55. 9
56.8
55.5
56.3
54.6
98.9
113.6
139.4
100.6
113.8
149.3
100.6
113. 3
149.7
100. 5
111. 9
151. 9
99 9
111.7
151 5
100. 5
111. 1
150.8
97.9
110.4
151. 0
98.6
108.7
149.8
98. 5
108.3
149.7
96. 3
109. 0
149.8
97.8
108.4
148.3
98.0
106.8
146.6
100 3
109 6
147.7
96 9
93 0
129^ 8
970
49.0
145.5
981
46.9
146.8
990
46.7
148. 9
989
45.4
148. 4
989
44.4
150 6
986
44.7
151.1
988
46. 1
149.9
984
45.9
150. 5
988
48.9
152. 7
989
51.0
154. 3
996
50.9
158.0
991 1,007
49.4
49.0
156.6 159.7
933
48 4
156.9
144.8
235.8
172.3
142.6
242.3
171.5
230.9
144.4
243.3
173.4
233.1
144. 7
243. 2
172. 5
235. 2
144.9
241.9
171.0
236. 2
143. 8
240.9
170.4
235.3
148.1
240. 5
168. 4
235.2
148. 7
235.6
169.1
234.3
148.6
234.2
170.1
233.2
149. 2
232.3
168.4
233.6
151.0
233.0
169.0
234.0
152.2
227.9
174.7
229.7
150 0
201 4
169.8
206 1
222.6
154 8
229 8
179.7
233 8
1,642 1,651 1,660 1,658 1,655 1,647 1,640 1,625 1,611 1,585 1,573 1.597 1,591 1,352
103.9 102. 5 100.8 100. 7 100. 5 100.1
94.6
79 6
99. 0
97.9
95.1
93. 5
91.8
91 3
188.6 190.0 191.4 186. 6 190. 9 189.6 188. 0 186.3 187.8 170.0 169.7 194. 7 187 3 179 4
131.8 133. 2 133.3 133. 5 132 3 130.9 128. 1 126. 2 124.8 124.1 12 2 .1 1 2 1 .1 120 7 100* 7
311.2 311.0 312.9 312. 9 311.8 310.0 307. 9 303. 5 294.3 293.1 286.1 293.5 289.8 220! 2
190.8
238.8
107.7
190.6
239.9
107.9
192.9
241.8
108.1
194.3
242.6
107.7
191.8
242.1
107.7
193.1
240.1
107.8
194. 8
239 8
107.8
196.6
238.6
108.0
196.7
236.9
107.2
196. 4
235.3
106.3
197.3
233.0
105.3
196.8
230.1
102.5
195 6
229.7
104. 5
167 6
188 5
90.9
165.3
203.6
172.6
203.3
174.3
204.6
173. 2
206.5
170. 5
207.2
167.4
208.0
164 7
209.6
159.4
208.8
161.0
207.4
162.0
204.4
162.7
202.4
164.5
201.9
171.2
201.2
176.2
162.7
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T able A -2 :
323
A: EMPLOYMENT AND P A Y R O L L S
Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group 1—Con.
[In thousands]
1952
Industry group and industry
Annual
average
1951
_____
July
Manufacturing—Continued
Electrical machinery............................. ....... 926
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa
ratus ................................... .................. .............
Electrical equipment for vehicles.......................
Communication equipment.................. . .........
Electrical appliances, lamps, and mis
cellaneous produ cts-.......... ........................ ..
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1951
1950
953
956
960
967
970
965
965
955
944
942
927
914
937
836
374.6
81.4
362.5
374.9
82.4
363.2
376.9
81.5
364.1
379.8
81.7
367.3
380.9
82.3
366.5
378.3
82.5
362.4
376.2 370.8
83. C 82.7
362.2 357.3
369.1
82. i
346.0
376.3
82.5
334.2
374.1
81.2
323.2
372.9
80.6
313.6
367. 6
81.0
339.8
317.3
70.1
309.2
134.7
135.8
137.3
138.3
139.8
141.4
143.9
146.9
148.7
148.6
146.4
149.0
139.8
144.4
Transportation equipment___________
Automobiles........................................... .
Aircraft and parts___ ______________
Aircraft...................................................
Aircraft engines and parts........... ......
Aircraft propellers and parts______
Other aircraft parts and equipment.
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing *..........
Boat building and repairing..............
Railroad equipment_______________
Other transportation equipment.........
1,409
Instruments and related products_____
Ophthalmic goods__________ _______
Photographic apparatus________ ____
Watches and clocks___________ _____
Professional and scientific instruments.
321
324
27.2
65.1
36.3
195.2
322
27.6
64.4
36.2
193.9
323
27.7
64.7
36.4
193.9
321
27.7
64.4
36.0
192.4
319
27.4
64.1
35.8
191.3
316
27.5
63.7
35.5
189.4
315
27.9
63.5
35.3
188.6
313
27.7
62.7
35.5
186.9
310
27.4
62.3
35.0
185.6
307
27.2
62.6
34. 2
183. 2
302
27.3
62.3
33.9
178.3
298
27.5
59.3
33.2
178.4
299
27 6
60.1
34.3
177.3
250
25.4
51.3
30.1
143.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated w are...
Toys and sporting goods__________ _
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions____
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
industries.............................. ....................
452
459
43.7
75.7
50.1
458
43.9
72.3
49.1
461
45.4
70.1
51.1
463
45.9
68.9
53.8
461
46.2
67.0
54.5
453
45.7
64.5
52.6
463
46.8
65.9
52.9
469
47.2
70.5
53.7
471
47.6
72.1
53.4
467
48.1
72. 2
51.9
465
48.5
73.2
53.4
460
48.5
70.8
52.3
480
51.4
73. 5
56.7
459
54.8
73.3
58.2
289.7
292.6
294.6
293.9
293.2
290.6
297.0
297.9
297.8
294.9
290.3
288.4
298.6
272.3
1,672 1,649 1,629 1,602 1,584 1,560 1, 558 1,551 1,511 1,514 1,497 1,490 1,511 1,273
820.8 815.0 809.8 786.6 776.9 775.0 786.0 794.5 807.1 816.7 812.4 819.1 856.3 839.4
611.2 596.8 591.9 586.1 581.0 566.4 556.0 539.0 496.2 493 4 486.3 471.3 456. 3 275.4
408.5 398.8 395.1 390.2 386.6 377.5 373.2 364.0 339.8 330.8 330.6 319.7 308.3 184.2
123.4 121.5 120.9 120.7 120.4 116.1 112.6 106.5
90.3
95.4
99.8
92.9
89.6
54.5
14.1
13.7
13.4
13.2
12.7
12.4
11. 5
12.9
1 2 .1
11. S
10. 5
10.4
10.7
8 .1
65.2
62.8
62.5
62.0
54.3
51.3
61.1
60.1
57.8
56.4
49.8
48.3
47.7
28.7
152.0 150.0 144.8 142. 5 138.9 131.0 126.5 127.0 118.9 117.2 114.4 115.4 113.7
84.4
131.4 130.6 126.8 126.1 123.8 116.8 112 . 6 113.6 106.2 104.3 10 1.2 10 1.1
99.7
71.4
20.6
19.4
18.0
16.4
14.2
15.1
13.9
12.7
12.9
13.2
13.4
14.3
14.0
13.0
76.8
76.0
71.9
76.6
76.0
77.6
77.4
75.1
75.7
72.4
72.9
78.3
72.4
62.2
1 1 .1
10.9
10.9
1 1 .2
1 1 .1
11.4
1 1 .2
11.5
1 1 .1
11.7
10.8
11.7
11.7
11.4
Transportation and public utilities...... ..........
4,124 4,163 4,134 4,096
Transportation______________________ _ 2,833 2,880 2,894 2, 877
Interstate railroads__________________
1,395 1,416 1,404
Class I railroads.________ _________
1,224 1, 243 1,230
Local railways and bus lines_________
137
138
139
Trucking and warehousing___________
650
648
648
O th e r tra n sp o rta tio n a n d serv ices_____
698
692
686
Air transportation (common carrier).
90.4
90.4
89.2
C om m u nication ............. ............................. 720
720
(t)
ft)
Telephone__________________________
673.5 668.6 648.0
Telegraph........... .........................................
45.2 (t)
(t)
Other public utilities__________________
563
554
553
571
Gas and electric utilities_______ ______
537.5 529.6 528.0
Electric light and power utilities____
238.6 235.5 234.9
Gas utilities_______ ______ _____ ___
118.9 118.6
121.6
Electric light and gas utilities com
bined ___________________________
177.3 175.2 174.5
Local utilities_________ _____________
25.0
24.4
24.8
Trade________ _________ ____________
Wholesale trade................... ..................
Retail t r a d e ...........................................
General merchandise stores_______
Food and liquor stores___________
Automotive and accessories dealers.
Apparel and accessories stores____
Other retail trade________________
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9,781 9,836
2,622 2 , 618
7,159 7,218
1,417 1,457
1,297 1,296
751
750
551
525
3,170 3,163
4,118 4, 111 4, 103 4, 161 4, 165 4,166 4,178 4,190 4, 176 4,144 4,010
2, 855 2,853 2. 852 2,908 2,912 2, 915 2, 925 2, 929 2, 918 2,905 2,801
1,395 1,392 1,394 1, 426 1,428 1,440 1,457 1, 468 1,468 1,449 1,390
1,2 21
1,218 1,222 1, 247 1,258 1, 271 1,287 1,297 1,296 1,276 1,220
141
141
139
141
141
142
141
141
141
143
148
637
651
649
641
631
621
614
641
628
641
584
680
680
690
694
696
698
695
679
693
686
679
S7.8
86.3
85.3
84.1
83.7
83.7
81.5
87.5
84.7
80.9
74.4
*712
702
696
701
701
697
700
698
708
688
663
663.8 660.3 652.8 654.1 652.8 648.5 647.8 651.5 648.2 638.9 614.8
47.2
47.4
*47.0 ' 47.1
47.3
47.5
47.7
48.5
47.9
46.8
47.2
551
550
551
552
557
561
550
554
560
551
546
526.3 525.6 525.5 527. 0 527.6 528.7 531.7 534.7 533.7 526.0 520.6
234.4 234.1 234.4 234.3 234.9 236.2 236.2 237.1 237. 5 234.3 234.0
117.8 117.6 117.3 118.5 118.6 118. 4 118.8 120.3 119.8 117.7 114.9
174.1
24.3
173.8
24.1
176.7
25.4
177.3
26.2
176.4
25.9
174.0
25.1
171.6
25.2
9, 773 9,845 9, 668 9, 643 9, 720 10, 660 10,109 9, 893 9, 781
2,601 2,605 2, 623 2,624 2,622 2,657 2, 657 2,622 2,594
7,172 7,240 7,045 7, 019 7,098 8, 003 7,452 7, 271 7, 187
1,466 1,527 1,437 1,416 1,472 2, 092 1.701 1,550 1,487
1,296 1,295 1,287 1,286 1,282 1,316 1.295 1,281 1, 274
741
737
738
749
759
754
743
768
748
552
589
529
651
580
544
515
531
561
3,117 3,092 3,054 3,059 3,064 3,176 3,117 3,131 3,128
9, 641
J, 596
7,045
1, 399
1 , 260
757
500
3,129
9,667
2,594
7, 073
1,407
1,268
756
512
3,130
9, 804
2,602
7,203
1,535
1,272
749
550
3,097
9,524
2,544
6,980
1,493
1,209
728
536
3,014
173.9
24.1
174.2
24.4
174.1
24.5
174.1
25.0
MONTHLY LABOR
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PA Y R O L L S
324
T able A-2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group 1—Con.
IIn thousands]
Annual
average
1951
1952
Industry group and industry
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
7inance_______________________________
Banks and trust companies____________
Security dealers and exchanges_________
Insurance carriers and agents___ _______
Other finance agencies and real estate____
1,996
1,978
491
64.3
713
710
1,958
481
64.4
706
707
1,952
481
64.5
705
701
1,937
479
64.3
702
692
1,919
477
64.1
692
1,909
472
63.9
685
686
688
Service___ _ _ - -------------------------------Hotels and lodging places_______________
Laundries _________ ______________
Cleaning and dyeing plants__________
M otion pictures_______________________
4,859
4, 839
476
368.1
166.0
248
4, 795
449
363.3
164.2
249
4, 748
438
357.5
161.0
248
4,681
430
352.9
154.1
242
4,667
428
354.0
153.4
242
4,671
424
355.5
153.8
242
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1951
1950
1,898
467
63.7
682
685
1,898
466
63.4
684
685
1,914
471
64.3
690
689
1,908
471
64.3
682
691
1,883
460
63.7
674
686
1,907
470
64.1
689
684
686
1,812
427
59.6
646
680
4,702
426
356.2
154.3
241
4,734
430
356.6
157.4
242
4,770
437
360.0
159.3
244
4,831
473
362.1
157.4
247
4,839
507
364.5
153. 3
245
4,852
510
368.9
157.6
245
4,759
455
358.6
154.5
245
4,761
456
353.5
147.5
241
1,912
472
64.1
690
6,558 6, 585 6, 602 6, 551 6, 528 6,490 6,509 6,881 6,497 6,532 6, 544 6,401 6,356 6,390 5,910
Government____________________________
,910
Federal 5_____________________________ 2,416 2,381 2,371 2,362 2, 354 2,344 2,331 2,727 2,325 2,322 2,336 2,330 2,313 2,277
4,142
4,204 4,231 4,189 4,174 4,146 4,178 4,154 4,172 4,210 4,208 4,071 4,043 4,113 4,000
State and lo ca l 8....... ......................... ............
i The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ series of employment in nonagricultural
establishments are based upon reports submitted by cooperating establish
ments and, therefore, differ from employment information obtained by
household interviews, such as the M onthly Report on the Labor Force
(table A -l), in several important respects. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’
data cover all full- and part-time employees in private nonagricultural estab
lishments who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period
ending nearest the 15th of the month; in Federal establishments during the
pay period ending just before the first of the month; and in State and iocal
government during the pay period ending on or just before the last of the
month, while the Monthly Report on the Labor Force data relate to the
calendar week which contains the 8th day of the month. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, domestic servants, and personnel of the Armed Forces
are excluded from the BLS but not the M R L F series. These employment
series have been adjusted to bench-mark levels indicated by social insurance
agency data through 1947. Revised data in all except the first four columns
will be identified by asterisks the first month they are published.
»Includes: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products (except
furniture); furniture and fixtures: stone, clay, and glass products; primary
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
metal industries; fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipment); machinery (except electrical); electrical
machinery; transportation equipment; instruments and related products;
and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
8 Includes: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-mill
products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied prod
ucts; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied prod
ucts; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and
leather products.
* Data by region, from January 1940, are available upon request to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
8 Fourth class postmasters (who are considered to be nominal employees)
are excluded here but are included in table A-5.
* Excludes as nominal employee paid volunteer firemen, employees hired
to conduct elections, and elected officials of small local governments.
t Data are not available because of work stoppage.
All series may be obtained upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Requests should specify which industry series are desired.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
325
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAY R O L L S
A-3: Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries 1
[In thousands'
Annual
average
1951
1952
Industry group and Industry
July
Mining:
M etal__________
Iron------ ------Copper______
Lead and zinc.
June
M ay
94.4
34.4
25.6
19.2
67.3
7.0
26.1
18.8
Apr.
94.4
33.9
25.4
19.5
Mar.
94.1
32.9
25.5
19.5
Feb.
94.4
32.9
25.3
19.7
Jan.
94.2
33.1
25.2
19.5
Dec.
93.8
33 6
25.1
19.2
Nov.
92.9
33.8
.24.8
18.7
Oct.
91.8
34. 2
24.3
18.2
Sept.
91 0
34 7
24 2
17. 1
Aug.
92.6
35 0
25.0
17.3
July
92.5
34.3
25.3
17.6
1951
92.5
33.8
25. 1
18.1
1950
89.4
31.9
24.8
17.2
Anthracite_____
61.2
61.6
56. 5
62.8
58.1
63.0
63.1
63.1
63.2
63.8
64.2
61.6
65.0
70.6
Bituminous-coal.
282.3
323.9
332.2
338.8
341.8
343.5
344.9
344.7
343.0
341.9
345.2
334.6
353.7
351.0
Crude petroleum and natural gas pro
duction:
Petroleum and natural gas production
(except contract services)________
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____
133.7
91.5
128.6
91.3
129.2
90.9
128.3
87.9
127.5
87.2
127.3
87.2
126.9
91.6
127.8
93.9
127.7
95.5
129. 4
96 1
132.9
96.5
131.9
94.6
127.3
91.9
125.7
85. 2
12,004 12, 393 12, 606 12, 733 12,815 12 , 820 12, 766 12,911
M an u factu rin g .
'4
6,514
5,490
Durable goods s__
Nondurable goods 1
59.0
Ordnauce and accessories.
Food and kindred products...................
Meat products___________________
Dairy products___________________
Canning and preserving___________
Orain-mill products______________
Bakery products_________________
Sugar___________________________
Confectionery and related products,
Beverages_______________________
Miscellaneous food products______
Tobacco manufactures.......... ............
Cigarettes......... ...............................
C ig a r s.............................................
Tobacco and snuff.......... ................
Tobacco stemming and redrying.
1,198
79
1,078
Textile-mill products...............................
Yarn and thread m ills .......................
Broad-woven fabrio mills....................
Knitting mills.......................................
Dyeing and finishing textiles.............
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings........
Other textile-mill products........ .........
Apparel and other finished textile prod
u c ts .............................. .........................
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats....... .
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing........... .......................................
Women’s outerwear.................................
Women’s, children’s undergarm ents...
M illinery.................................................
Children’s outerwear......... ...................
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Other fabricated textile products.......
Lumber and wood products (except fur
niture)_______ ____ _____ ______ —
Logging camps and contractors..........
Sawmills and planing mills................ .
M ill work, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products....................
Wooden containers.............................. .
Miscellaneous wood products................
Furniture and fix tu r es..................
Household furniture___________
Other furniture and fixtures____
See footnotes a t end of table.
219410— 52
6
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
978
700
286
., 947
5,448
7,280
5,326
60.7
59.3
7,329
5,404
57.8
7,316
5,499
56.1
7,306
5,514
54.6
7,264
5,502
53.5
7, 322
5,589
51.7
,068 1,122
,073 1,057 1,057 1,060
1,134
231.8 230.2 233.1 239.4 244.1 246.4 251.6
93.7
96.3
94.8
95.5
112.7 106.7 100.4
151.5 121.6 114.3 104. 3 105.4 105. 8 120.3
97.0
97.3
96.4
96.6
99.3
95.6
95.9
190.8 183.8 186.3 188.5 187.3 187.2 190.3
36.7
24.0
22.3
21-8
2 2.2
23.8
2 2.8
82.7
85.1
79.4
73.7
76.8
71.9
71.1
152.5 145.5 136. 3 137.9 134.4 136.2 145.9
94.7
98.1
95.1
96.5
95.2
99.
95.8
78
24.
39.9
77
24.0
39.4
77
23.7
38.8
78
23.9
39.6
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.1
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.6
80
24.2
39.5
10.3
6.3
82
24.2
38.8
10.3
9.0
85
24.4
39.7
10 2
10.5
12,904 12, 997 13,087 13, 069 12, 885 13,034 12,264
7,314
5,590
50.1
7, 296
5, 701
46.9
7,279
5,808
43 6
7,261
5,808
41.3
7, 226
5, 659
38.0
7,334
5,700
37.4
6,622
5. 642
19.8
1,160 1, 254 1,330 1,307 1,225 1,170 1,168
246.3 236. 3 234 5 233. 1 235. 5 237.6 235.9
98. 5 102.8 108 1 114.2 116.2 104.4 104.4
180.5 176.9
145.2 238. 1 329 5 304.5 226
97.9
98. 7
99.2
96.4
94.2
98 5
97.2
192.2 195. 1 193 0 192.3 192 2 191.0 191 5
24.
7
24.9
28
40 2
29 9
25 3
45.6
89.2
78 2
80.4
71.2
83 1
84 7
87.5
146.8 150.0 155 5 160.5 160.9 150.2 149.1
99.4 100.9 102.6
104.8 101.2
99.9
101.1
85
24.4
40.1
10.3
10.5
89
24.0
39.8
10.2
14.8
23 7
38 8
10 3
15.9
84
23.6
37. 7
75
23.7
36.9
10.2
12.2
81
23.3
39.1
10.2
81
23.6
38.9
10.4
3.7
8.0
7.8
10.8
,131 1,141 1,132 1,133 1,136 1,152 1,167 1,186 1,206
1,085 1,084 1,093 1,113 1,123
146.5 144.4 145.2 146.8 149.0 149.0 149.8 149.4 150.5 153 2 154 0 153.6 156.3 151.8
506.2 503.2 507.4 518.2 526.7 540.0 547. 5 544.2 546.2 551 4 561.2 573.7 568.7 585.6
208.9 209.6 210.0 2 10.0 209.0 210. 7 209. 1 208.5 205 3 211. 5 210.3 219.0 223. 6
212 . 2
80.1
74.3
73.4
78.1
74.9
77.9
73.4
78.0
76.5
79.0
76.1
79.0
74.6
74.7
41.6
53.3
43.1
41.2
47.1
43.1
42.6
40.6
41.6
44.5
44.8
44.8
44.0
37.1
108.5 108.5 109.9 113.7 113.3 112.4 112.3 111.3 110.8 111.6 110.5 111.8 117.0 111.9
973
119.4
961
112.8
996 1,051 1,052 1,029 1.035 1,008 1,019 1,037 1.047
120.7 126.5 127.5 127.2 122.5 117.1 130.6 138.0 139.2
240.4
253.0
90.
13.9
62.5
77.
114.9
237.4
253.5
91.1
15.8
59.4
74.4
116.1
238.8
274.7
91.9
18.7
58.
74.4
118.1
237.
306.4
92.6
23.4
63
77.2
123.2
232.7
308.8
91.2
64.0
78.7
126.0
706
64.5
427.8
644
43
393.6
678
58.2
405.2
670
58.1
397.5
668
93.0
68.4
52.4
86.0
91.7
69.4
53.4
68.5
52.1
990 1,039 1,042
129.3 133.8 134.3
60.2
79.2
124.3
235.4
295.7
90.2
18.7
58.3
87.6
126.5
232.7
278.6
90. 3
16.7
59.2
90.3
123.3
237.5
270.1
89-8
18.7
58.1
91.0
123.3
238.8
284.4
87.6
19. I
57
90.9
120.7
238.0
294. 5
87.0
19.0
59. 7
89.5
119.7
233.1
271.0
84.2
17.1
59. 4
80.1
116.0
245.6
282.7
90
18.7
59.6
85.4
123.1
245.3
286.8
95.2
19.4
60.7
78.4
121.7
56.
396.4
654
47.9
390.6
696
64.2
412.2
719
70.7
428.0
740
74.2
439.3
745
75.5
442. 7
754
72.9
449.0
748
73.3
443.2
741
69
437.1
730
63.6
431.1
90.3
70.3
54.1
89.8
70.8
54.4
91.6
71.0
53.0
93.9
72.1
53.7
95.3
70.9
54.0
100.0
100.4
71
54.8
103.0
72.3
56.7
100:7
74.4
55.9
103.4
74.4
56.5
108.5
72.2
54.8
296
207.4
88.4
296
208. 0
87.6
296
207.7
88.4
294
206.4
87.3
285
196.0
89.3
285
195.2
89.4
284
195.9
87.8
301
211.9
311
227.9
82.6
288
287
201. 8
202.2
292
205.4
296
207.8
86.3'
84.4
86.6
88.0
22.8
228.2
300.3
88.9
21.0
71.1
54.9
289
201
87.9
88.8
326
A: EMPLOYMENT AND P AY R O L L S
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
A-3: Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1952
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and industry
July
Manufacturing—Continued
Paper and allied products__________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills____
Paperboard containers and boxes
Other paper and allied products
393
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
403
208.7
106. 7
87. 5
398
206. 6
104.2
86.9
398
205.8
105.0
86.9
401
207.9
105.6
87.4
404
210 .2
105.7
88.0
Jan
D ec.
405
211.3
105.7
87.8
410
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1951
1950
420
212 .2
404
205.1
109.8
413
212.3
110.7
90.2
416
214.3
110.9
91.0
419
214.6
88.8
411
211.9
109.9
89.0
92.3
418
213. 5
112.4
92.5
520
154.9
35.6
36.3
170.5
32. 1
90.2
519
153.7
35.1
36.5
169.6
32.6
91.0
517
152.8
35.5
36.7
168.9
32.9
90.5
515
152.5
35.4
37.0
167.4
32.4
89.9
509
150.5
35.2
36.4
165.8
31.8
89.6
507
151.0
34.0
35. 3
166.8
31. 4
88.5
512
151.6
35.0
36.2
168.6
32.1
89.1
503
148.6
34.7
35. 7
166.6
31.7
85.8
542
61.7
172.9
70.4
47.9
24.8
50.5
113.5
544
61.2
172.1
69.9
48.1
25.8
52.0
114.4
543
61.4
174.9
70.0
48.6
25.8
47.6
114.6
531
61.1
173.8
70.2
49. 7
23.8
37.9
114.5
626
61.0
172. 3
70. 3
50. 2
22. 9
35. 6
114.0
535
60.1
169.9
69.7
49.1
28.0
43.2
114.8
496
52.9
151.8
62.7
46.8
27.8
43.8
110.3
212 .2
108.7
1 1 2 .1
114. 5
92.7
88.8
Printing, publishing, and allied industries.
Newspapers____________
Periodicals____________ ____
Rooks_______________
Commercial printing_________
Lithographing..........
Other printing and publishing
511
512
154.4
33.7
36.7
167.4
30.3
89.3
508
153.5
34.5
35.3
166.6
30.5
87.1
507
151.9
35.2
35.7
166.4
30.7
87.2
508
151.8
35.5
35.9
166.9
30.8
86.9
507
151.7
35.2
36.2
166.4
30.6
87.3
510
151.3
34.7
36.0
169.7
30.6
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Drugs and medicines .
Paints, pigments, and fillers
Fertilizers,, ,
Vegetable and animal oil and fats
Other chemicals and allied products
508
513
60. £
163.2
71.3
48.0
24.0
31.9
113.3
517
60.5
161.1
71.0
47.5
29.9
34.0
112.7
530
60.8
162.8
71.3
47.7
35.0
37.9
114.4
538
60.9
167.9
71.5
47.8
34.4
40.7
114.5
538
61.0
168.4
70.6
48.0
31.5
44.0
114.2
536
61.0
169.6
70.2
47.9
27.8
46.4
112.8
538
61.8
171. 1
70. 5
47.9
25. 4
48.8
112.4
Products of petroleum and coal
Petroleum refining_______
Coke and byproducts___
Other petroleum and coal products
196
194
152.8
17.1
24.1
165
122.5
19.2
23.0
197
155. £
19.0
22.7
194
152.3
19.2
193
152. 6
2 2 .1
18.8
2 1.6
193
152.7
18.8
21.4
196
154.5
19.0
22.4
197
154.1
18.2
24.2
197
153.6
19.0
24.8
197
153.6
19.2
24.4
198
154. 0
19. 4
24.2
198
154. 3
19 3
24.3
195
151.9
18.8
24.3
185
142.8
18.1
23.9
Rubber products_______ .
Tires and inner tubes.
Rubber footwear_____
Other rubber products
203
215
95.4
23.8
95.6
213
94.8
23.6
94.9
213
94.6
215
93.9
24.2
97.2
215
94.2
24.7
96.3
218
94.4
25.4
97.9
219
95.4
25.5
97.9
219
94.8
25.6
98.2
215
89.8
25.5
99.4
218
92.4
25.3
218
91. 5
25. 2
217
90. 0
24. 8
203
87.8
Leather and leather products
Leather___________
Footwear (except rubber)
Other leather products
346
339
40.3
220.7
78.4
330
39.1
212.7
78.0
336
39.2
216.9
79.4
344
39.7
342
40.0
330
39.8
221.8
220.6
212.8
323
39.0
205. 4
78.4
317
38.7
197.7
80.3
320
38.1
201.4
80.8
Stone, clay, and glass products
Olass and glass products
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Potterv and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Other stone, clay, and glass products,..
450
453
124.1
34.7
82.2
47.3
84.0
80.8
449
123.4
34.9
79.9
47.8
81.4
81.9
452
122.5
35.8
80.2
48.5
80.8
84.2
449
465
123.4
36.8
83.2
49.9
83.7
472
124.7
37.0
84.4
50.6
85.6
89.4
479
128.2
37.1
84.7
51.1
87.0
91.0
—
724
Primary metal industries__ _
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills, . ........................
Iron and steel foundries...
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous m e ta ls ..____
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals_________
Nonferrons foundries. . .
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipment)_______
Tin cans and other tinware
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies.. . .
Fabricated structural metal products
M etal stain ping, coating, and engraving
Other fabricated metal products............
749
182.2
234.2
723
—
1,146
561.3
239.4
22.0
96.3
1,143
558.0
239.0
1 2 1 .2
36.2
77.9
48.4
80.2
85.2
154
566.9
240.2
81.6
77.5
447
119.8
36.1
78.0
49.1
79.2
84.6
452
119.4
36.6
79.7
49.0
80.8
86.7
1,160
570.2
243.4
1,162
570.2
246.3
88.2
1,164
572.7
248.6
1,149
557.7
250.3
1,160
569.7
248.7
10 1.2
10 2.2
219
90.8
25.3
102.9
327
37.6
208.0
81.2
343
40. 0
221 .3
81.2
336
41. 5
215 0
79.3
342
42.1
218.0
81.7
355
45.9
229.4
79.7
482
129.6
37.4
85.2
51.5
86.9
91.7
484
130.1
37. 7
85. 0
51. 9
87 8
91.4
478
124.3
37. 5
84. 8
51.6
87. 8
9L 8
478
128.2
36.8
83.0
52.9
85.6
91.6
441
117.3
36.0
74.8
52.3
78.7
81.8
100.2
1,162
1,165
1,155
1,159
20.6
94.3
1,053
572.7
249.4
574. 7
249.6
571. 6
24L 1
47.7
46.8
47.2
45.4
79. 8
80.7
78.8
108.4
566.4
248.9
535.6
204.0
47.6
47.7
47.6
47.4
47.5
47.1
47.1
47.1
47.2
46.8
79.8
93.7
111.4
81.7
94.6
81.9
94.0
122.4
81.9
93.0
124.7
81.4
93.0
124.7
82.2
92.4
124.1
79.3
91.8
124.3
80.0
90.2
123.3
80.1
90.8
123.4
78.4
90.8
123.7
79.3
90 5
122.9
88 2
121.6
82.2
91.9
122.7
809
42.9
126.6
810
44.9
128.5
817
44.8
132.3
813
43. 2
130.9
831
42.9
134.3
776
42.8
132.7
121.8
122 . 8
126 0
178.8
153.0
195.6
123.9
156.5
146.9
173.0
12 1.6
787
43.1
119.3
797
41.1
121.0
806
40.9
122.9
807
39.7
122.3
807
38.7
124.6
804
38.9
124.9
806
40.2
123.9
805
40.0
124.5
115.8
181.6
144.2
182.7
113.2
187.6
143.6
190.7
115.0
188.6
145.5
193.2
115. 5
189.2
144. 7
195.2
115.5
188.2
143.8
196.3
115.4
186.7
143.0
195.5
118.9
186.1
141. 2
195.7
120.0
Machinery (except electrical).. .
1,223 1,260 1,271 1,282
Engines and turbines_____
77.2
76.1
74. 8
Agricultural machinery and tractors
147.1 149.0 150.6
Construction and mining machinery
99.0 101.0 101.4
Metalworking machinery . .
247.7 246. 9 249.1
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)
142.2 142.2 144.5
General industrial machinery
169.1 170.1 172.1
Office and store machines and devices
88.5
88.9
89. 4
Service-industry and household ma
chines.._............... ..............
126. 8 133.7 135.6
Miscellaneous machinery parts_______ _________
162.6 162.6 164.1
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
82.0
88.0
183.1
142.2
195.2
120.2 ' 120.7
181.7
142.9
194.5
180.0
141.5
194.8
180.8
142. 1
195.2
177. 1
147. 3
191.3
280 1,281 1, 276 1,269 1,255 1, 242 1, 219 1,209 1, 235
,233 1,040
74.8
73.9
74.9
74.3
70.2
69.4
73.0
68.6
70.9
68. 6
54.5
145.5 149.9 148.7 147.2 145.8 145.6 129.0 127.4 151 5 145.9 133.5
101.7 100.8
97. 4
99.6
95.5
94.3
93.8
90.8
91.8
90.8
73.0
249.1 248.5 246.5 244.8 240.7 231.9 230.9 224.5 232. 1 228.7 169.0
145.-8 145.4 146.8 147.5 148.4 148.9 148.9 150.0 149. 4 148.6 126.6
173.4 173.6 173.4 173. 1 172.5 171.3 169.4 168.0 166. 8 166.5 134.3
90.6
89.3
89.2
89.8
90.9
90.4
89.5
87.9
88.3
86.2
75.6
134.8 132.5 130.1 127.0 121.4 123.5 124.1 125.0 128.4 134.7 143.2
165.2 166.41 166.6 167.9 166.6 165.7 163.5 162.7 161.5 161.6 130.0
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
327
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PA Y R O L L S
A-3: Production Workers in Mining and- Manufacturing Industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1052
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and Industry
Manufacturing—Continued
Electrical machinery__________________
Electrical generating, transmission, dis
tribution, and industrial apparatus._.
Electrical equipment for vehicles.......
Communication equipment__________
Electrical appliances, lamps, and mis
cellaneous products________________
Transportation equipment............. ..........
Automobiles_______________________
Aircraft and parts__________________
Aircraft_________________________
Aircraft engines and p a r ts________
Aircraft propellers and parts______
Other aircraft parts and equipment.
Ship and boat building and repairing.
Shipbuilding and repairing_______
Boat building and repairing_______
Bailroad equipment ______________
Other transportation equipment____
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
683
706
709
714
722
266.3
65.3
266.8
267.3
66.3
267.0
269.9
65.4
268.7
272.7
65.4
273.3
273.4
107.4
108.5
109.9
110.8
112.4
1,062
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1951
1950
727
725
726
718
707
707
696
684
710
636
274.6
272.8
266.2
67.4
268.4
265.0
67.2
257.5
272.8
67.5
247.3
271. 6
271.1
270.8
67.2
272.0
238. 5
271.1
65.6
229.5
267.1
66. 1
256.1
229.7
56.0
237.0
114.1
115.7
115.9
117.7
119.7
119.4
117.7
120.5
113.3
66.1
66.6
66.1
1.324 1,308 1,288 1,266 1,251 1,235 1,235 1,234 1,205 1 .2 1 1 1,198 1. 187 1,2 2 1 1,044
673.9 669.9 663.2 642.6 634.0 633.2 645.3 654.6 667.4 678.6 675.1 684.0 718.4 713.5
444.3 435.9 430.3 427.7 424.3 415.4 406.7 395.3 362.1 360.3 357.1 346.6 336.6 201.8
298.6 293.9 288.8 286.8 283.7 278.9 274.7 267.8 248.7 241 9 243.7 236. 6 228.6 135.7
84.3
78.4
85.8
84.1
74.8
66.6
84.2
81.3
62.4
69. 5
63.0
84.3
64.6
39.1
10.0
8.7
8.5
9.8
9.4
9.0
8.3
7.4
9.6
9.2
8.0
7.3
7 5
5.4
44.9
49.9
47.9
44.2
47.8
47.1
40.9
39 4
47.3
46.2
42.7
38. 1 37 5
21.5
134. 8 132.9 128.0 125.8 122.4 114.9 110.5 1 1 1 . 1 103.7 101.9
99.3 100. 5
98.9
71.4
98.2
115.9 115.2 111.7 111.1 108.9 102.3
99.3
92.5
90.6
87.6
87.7
86. 5
60.2
12.3
18.9
17.7
14.7
11.8
16.3
13.5
12.6
1 1 .2
11.3
11.7
12.8
12.4
1 1 .2
61.4
62.8
60.6
56.9
60.5
61.7
63.1
62.2
57.4
60.7
60.0
47.2
56.7
47.9
9.2
9.1
9.1
9.8
9.4
9.3
9.8
9.7
9.0
9.9
9.3
9.7
9.3
9.7
Instruments and related products______
Ophthalmic goods _________________
Photographic apparatus_____________
Watches and clocks__________________
Professional and scientific instruments.
235
21.9
45.7
30.6
137.2
234
22.3
45.0
30.6
136.3
236
22.5
45.2
30.8
137.1
234
22.4
44.8
3u. 5
136.4
233
22.3
44.7
30.2
135.8
232
22.3
44.7
30.1
135.1
232
22.7
44.9
30.0
134.1
230
22. 5
44.4
30.0
133.2
228
22.3
44.2
29.5
132.3
226
44. 9
28.6
128.0
22.5
42.2
28.1
128.5
223
22.5
43.4
29.0
127.7
186
44.7
28.9
130.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware_.
Toys and sporting g o o d s____________
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions____
Other miscellaneous manufacturing in
dustries__________________________
378
35.4
65.6
41.0
376
35.5
62.0
40.3
380
36.9
60.1
42.2
382
37.1
58.9
44.8
381
37.4
57.3
45.5
374
36.8
54.9
43.5
381
37.7
56.2
43.7
388
38.3
60.8
44.5
390
38.6
62.4
44.4
388
39.0
62.6
43.1
388
39.4
64. 1
44.3
383
39.4
61.8
44.3
402
42.0
64. 1
47.8
385
44.5
64.2
49.2
236.4
238.5
241.0
241.0
240.4
238.3
243.8
244.6
244.8
243.6
240.6
237.4
247.8
227.2
1 See footnote 1, table A-2. Production workers refer to all full- and parttime employees engaged in production and related processes, such as fabrieating, processing, assembling, inspecting, storing, packing, shipping, main
tenance and repair, and other activities closely associated with production
operations.
T able
22 .1
224
22.2
221
20.6
37.3
25.5
103.0
1 See footnote 2, table A-2.
* See footnote 3, table A-2.
A-4: Indexes of Production-Worker Employment and Weekly Payrolls in Manufacturing
Industries 1
[1947-49 average= 100]
Period
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
Average______________
Average............................
Average_____ _____ . . .
Average______________
Average_____________
Average......... .............. . .
Average____ ____ ____
Average_____ ____ ___
Average._____ _______
Employ
ment
66.2
71.2
87.9
103.9
121.4
118. 1
104.0
97. 9
103.4
1 See footnote 1, tables A-2 and A-3.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Weekly
payroll
Period
Employ
ment
102.8
Weekly
payroll
29.9
34.0
49.3
72.2
99.0
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
Average_____________
Average_____________
Average_____________
A verage.____________
93.8
99. 2
105.4
129.2
87.8
81.2
97.7
1951: July. ______________
August_____________
September_________
O ctober_____________
104.2
105.7
105. 8
105.1
126.4
128.4
130.9
129.8
102.8
105.1
97. 2
111.2
Period
1951: N ovem ber..
December______
1952: January
February. .
March____ ________
A pril.
M ay
June
July___
Em ploy
ment
104.3
104. 4
103 2
103 6
103 6
102 9
101.9
.2
97.0
100
Weekly
payroll
129 8
132 9
130 4
131.0
131.9
128.1
128 2
126.8
328
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
LABOR
MONTHLY
T able A-5: Federal Civilian Employment and Payrolls, by Branch and Agency Group
[In thousands]
Executive 1
Year and month
All branches
Total
Defense
agencies 2
Post Office
Department *
All other
agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Employment—Total (including areas outside continental United States)
1950: Average_________ _____ __________
1951: A verage.____ _____ _____ ____ ____
2, 080. 5
2, 465. 9
2 , 068. 6
2, 453. 7
837.5
1, 210. 7
521.4
525.4
709.7
717.6
1951: J u ly ____________________________
August________________________ .
September______________ ________
October___________ ____ _________
N ovem ber___________________ _
December_____ ______ ___________
2, 503. 4
2, 521. 3
2, 528. 7
2, 514.9
2, 517. 5
2, 921. 6
2, 491. 0
2, 509. 3
2, 516. 7
2, 502. 8
2, 505. 4
2, 909. 2
1, 265. 3
1, 267. 7
1, 277. 2
1, 279. 4
1, 288. 5
1, 293. 0
489.4
495. 5
496.0
495. 7
496. 2
898.1
1952: January_____________ ____ _______
February________________________
March__ ____ ___________________
April___________________________
M ay____________________________
June__________________________
July-------------------------------------------
2, 524.3
2. 537. 5
2, 550. 9
2, 559. 2
2, 571. 3
2, 582. 9
2, 619.1
2, 512.1
2, 525. 2
2, 538. 5
2, 546. 7
2, 558. 7
2, 570.2
2, 606. 4
1, 296. 9
1, 308. 8
1,314.6
1 , 319.0
1, 326. 4
1,334. 0
1, 356.1
502.4
503. 6
508. 8
510.0
511.8
512.5
514.5
8.1
3.8
3.9
736.3
746.1
743. 5
727.7
720. 7
718.1
8. 5
8. 1
8. 1
8.2
8 2
8.4
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3 9
4.0
712.8
712.8
715. 1
717. 7
720.5
723.7
735.8
8.3
8.3
8. 4
8. 5
8. 7
8.7
8.7
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
8.3
Payrolls--T o ta l (including areas outside continental United States)
1950: Average_________________________
1951: Average_________________________
585, 576
749, 563
580, 792
744, 560
235,157
361, 825
135, 300
147, 408
210, 335
235, 327
3, 215
3,320
1, 569
1, 683
1951: July__________________ ______ ___
August ------------------------ ----------September ______________________
October. _____________________ _
N ovem ber_______________________
Decem ber_____________ _____ ____
735, 991
769, 173
707, 508
857. 429
891, 129
856,123
731,168
764,167
702, 576
851, 725
885, 714
850, 904
364, 256
385, 852
347, 046
402, 013
423, 827
381, 184
133, 044
130, 860
134,916
169, 903
187, 003
225, 820
233, 868
247, 455
220, 614
279, 749
274, 884
243, 900
3,195
3, 257
3, 213
3, 445
3, 589
3, 529
1 , 628
1, 749
1, 719
2, 259
1 , 826
1, 690
1952: January________________________ _
February________________________
M arch__________________________
April____________________________
M ay_________________ ____ ____
June____________________________
July___________ _ ________ ____
846, 065
801, 375
807, 727
826, 843
826,104
827, 347
880, 590
840, 578
796. 100
802, 514
821,276
820, 611
821,860
874,892
413, 322
391, 062
391, 111
405, 977
410, 699
403, 234
442, 232
158, 767
158, 481
162, 569
159, 495
152,038
169, 558
160,644
268, 489
246, 557
248. 834
255, 804
257, 874
249,068
272,016
3, 661
3, 546
3, 604
3, 721
3, 725
3,687
3,819
1,826
1, 729
1,609
1,846
1, 768
1,800
1,879
8.1
3.7
3.8
8.5
Employment—Continental United States
1950: Average ________________________
1951: Average_________________________
1, 930. 5
2, 296. 9
1, 918. 7
2, 284. 8
732.3
1, 093. 7
519.4
523.4
667.0
667. 7
1951: July____________________ ____ ___
August__________________________
September_______________________
October. _______________________
November____________ _______
December_______________________
2, 329. 8
2, 349. 0
2. 355. 3
2, 341. 5
2, 344. 0
2, 746. 2
2, 317. 5
2, 337. 1
2, 343. 4
2. 329. 4
2, 332. 0
2, 733. 9
1.141. 2
1,156.1
1, 164. 4
1 . 166.1
1,174.0
1,177. 8
487.5
493.4
494.0
493.6
494. 1
894.4
688.8
687.6
685.0
669. 7
663.9
661. 7
8. 1
8. 1
8.2
8.2
8.4
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
1952: January_________________________
February________________________
M arch____________________ ______
April____________________________
M ay.................... ....................................
June_______ __________________
July____________________________
2, 350. 0
2, 362. 9
2, 373. 5
2, 380. 8
2, 390. 0
2,399. 8
2, 434. 7
2, 337. 8
2, 350. 7
2, 361. 2
2, 368. 4
2, 377. 4
2,387. 2
2, 422.1
1,181.1
1, 192.2
1, 195.3
1,198. 5
1, 203. 6
1,210.4
1, 232. 3
500.3
501. 5
506.6
507.9
509. 6
510.3
512.3
656.4
657. 0
659. 3
662.0
664.2
666.5
677.5
8.3
8.3
8. 4
8.5
8. 7
8.7
8.7
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3,9
8.3
Payrolls—Continental United States
1950: Average_________________________
1951: Average_________________________
549, 328
706, 838
544, 587
701, 880
211, 508
334, 015
134, 792
146, 819
198, 287
221, 046
3,215
3, 320
1, 526
1,638
1951: July___________________________ .
August______ ____ ______________
September_______________________
October_________ _______________
November_______________________
December.............. ............................. .
693, 405
724,164
665, 042
818. 307
840, 879
808, 960
688, 626
719,202
660, 153
812, 658
835, 515
803, 786
337, 591
357, 459
320, 781
379, 740
391,089
352, 230
132, 500
130, 329
134, 356
169, 257
186, 221
224, 878
218, 535
231, 414
205, 016
263. 655
258, 205
226, 678
3, 195
3. 257
3, 213
3. 445
3, 589
3,529
1, 584
1, 705
1, 676
2, 204
1, 775
1, 645
1952: January.......................................... .......
February________ ____ _________
March___ _____ _________________
April___________________________
M ay........... ................ .................. ..........
June........................................................
July____________________________
797, 797
755, 244
759,261
778,491
776, 713
778,081
826, 794
792, 357
750,014
754, 089
772. 968
771, 264
772, 638
821,141
382, 580
361, 775
360, 239
374, 879
379, 369
372, 308
408,161
158, 110
157, 824
161,893
158, 832
151,401
168,852
159,983
251, 667
230, 415
231,957
239, 257
240,494
231, 478
252,997
3, 661
3, 546
3, 604
3, 721
3. 725
3,687
3,819
1, 779
1,684
1, 568
1,802
1, 724
1,756
1,834
1 See footnote 2, table A- 6.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* See footnote 3, table A - 6.
* Includes fourth class postmasters, excluded from table A-2.
329
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T able A-6: Government Civilian Employment and Payrolls in Washington, D. C.,1 by Branch and
Agency Group
[In thousands]
Federal
District of
Total
Columbia
government government
Year and month
Executive 1
Legislative
Total
All agencies
Defense
agencies 3
Post Office
Department
Judicial
All other
agencies
Employment
1950: Average..
1951: Average.
---------
-----
242.3
271.4
1951: July.............
..............
August ..
--------. . - -September. . . . . . .
. .
O c to b e r .._______ _ _____
Novem ber__ . .
-----D ecem ber...
— -
280.3
281. 1
278.0
274.0
273. 5
279.2
1952: January.. —
February___ . .
. . .
M arch. .
... ..
----A pril... ___ _ . . . . . . .
M a y .................. .......
..........
June______________________
Ju ly .................... ..............- ........
272.0
273.0
272.7
273. 1
273.0
272.7
275.6
8 .1
0.7
.7
20.1
222.2
251.1
213.4
242.1
67.5
83.8
8.1
20.3
8.3
137.8
150.0
19.9
19.8
260.4
261.3
258. 0
253.7
252.8
258.7
251.2
252.5
249. 2
244.8
2-43.9
249.6
87.7
88.7
87. 4
86. 6
86.7
86.5
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.9
14.2
155.6
155.9
154.0
150.5
149.3
148.9
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
251.5
252.4
252. 1
252.7
252.5
252.2
255.6
242.5
243.4
243.0
243.5
243.1
242.8
246.2
86. 5
7.9
8.0
8.0
8. 1
8.1
8.1
8.2
148.1
148.3
147.9
148.0
147.4
146.9
148.1
8.3
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
20.0
20.3
20. 7
20.5
20.5
20.6
20.6
20.4
20. 5
20.5
20.0
87. 1
87. 1
87.4
87.6
87.8
89.9
8.3
8.5
Payrolls
81, 602
98,369
5,321
5, 629
76, 281
92, 740
72. 780
89,106
22 , 888
31,018
2, 937
3,201
46.955
54, 887
3,215
3,320
286
314
1951: July______
__________
A ugust...
_____ September_______
October . .
____. . .
N ovember.
D ecem ber.._ -----------
96.344
102. 943
89, 868
119,319
111,480
101,184
4, 474
4, 591
5,435
6, 264
6, 491
6,241
91, 870
98.352
84,433
113,055
104, 989
94,943
88, 374
94. 766
80, 905
109, 252
101,045
91,102
30, 893
35,357
28, 258
37,085
37, 729
31,920
2, 937
2, 975
2 , 860
4,096
3,649
4, 533
54, 544
58, 434
49, 787
68,071
59, 667
54,649
3,195
3, 257
3,213
3,445
3, 589
3, 529
301
329
315
358
355
312
1952: January.. „ . . .
--------February____
_________
M arch. .
. . .
A pril___ __ _
. . ._ . . .
M a y ... ____ . ________
June_____________________
July_______________________
109, 745
101, 213
102, 657
106. 456
106, 487
103,614
6,635
6, 266
6, 270
6,324
6, 444
6, 287
5,184
103,110
94, 947
96, 387
100. 132
100,043
97, 327
105,826
99,111
91,084
92. 481
96,071
95, 983
93, 311
101,663
34, 683
32,354
33, 486
34,259
34,457
33, 335
36, 580
3,450
3,364
3.447
3,462
3, 425
3, 375
3, 524
60. 978
55,366
55, 548
58, 350
58.101
56, 601
61, 559
3, 661
3, 546
3, 604
3, 721
3,725
3, 687
3,819
338
317
302
340
335
329
344
1950: Average .
1951: Average..
_
. . .
.
-----. . .
111 ,01 0
1 Data for the executive branch of the Federal Government also include
areas in Maryland and Virginia which are within the metropolitan area, as
defined by the Bureau of the Census.
2 Includes Government corporations (including Federal Reserve banks
and mixed-ownership banks of the Farm Credit Administration) and other
activities performed by governmental personnel in establishments such as
navy yards, arsenals, hospitals, and force-account construction. Data which
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
are based mainly on reports to the Civil Service Commission are adjusted to
maintain continuity of coverage and definition.
3 Covers civilian employees of the Department of Defense (Secretary of
Defense, Army, Air Force, and N avy), National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics, Canal Zone Government. Selective Service System, National
Security Resources Board, National Security Council, and War Claims
Commission.
330
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
A-7: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments for Selected States 1
[In thousands]
1952
1951
State
June
Annual
average
1947
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
663.4
189.6
305.6
3, 561. 7
396.0
663.2
189.7
301.8
3, 537.1
393.6
660.4
189.2
300.4
3, 536.0
393.2
658.9
188.1
299.3
3, 528. 2
393.8
656.2
186.1
300.1
3, 517.1
396.2
667.8
187.9
315.8
3, 646. 7
410.1
646.7
183.6
313.3
3, 598.0
406.3
662.8
180.0
315.6
3, 627.2
408.2
659.2
176. 4
318.1
3, 630. 9
407.6
649.3
173.6
313.2
3, 619. 0
407.2
644. 9
172.8
312.5
3, 545.0
402.6
647.3
174.0
315.4
3, 516.0
391.1
145. 2
283.0
3, 080.0
330.5
524.2
718.7
862.2
137.3
835.4
521.5
725.1
860.0
134.0
836.6
522.1
746.3
859.1
132.1
830.8
520.6
757.8
851. 7
129.0
827.8
520.5
756.9
849.6
128.9
827.9
519.7
756.2
852.7
130.5
850.5
535.4
754.2
876.9
138.2
835.0
527.2
726.2
863.8
139.8
831.1
524. 5
708.2
858.6
141.7
829.5
527.9
694.7
854.8
144.3
820.9
528.1
688.4
857.4
143.9
818.0
528. 7
687.9
847.0
143.0
820.6
519. 6
704.4
842. 6
143.0
631. 8
740.0
121.7
Illinois 2...... .................... 3, 293.3
Indiana 2____________ 1, 307.6
Iowa________________
639.1
Kansas 2_____________
542.5
M aine_______________
279.1
3, 295. 2
1,339.0
632.4
531.3
268.5
3, 291.7
1, 344. 6
630.6
528.9
259.8
3, 267.0
1,338.0
619. 5
520.5
261.9
3, 254.3
1, 332. 2
620.3
519.4
266.8
3, 248. 5
1, 334. 1
621.0
518.2
268.0
3,346.8
1, 373. 7
643.3
531.8
278.9
3, 304. 5
1, 359. 2
637.2
525. 6
275.5
3, 310. 6
1, 369. 0
642.6
526.7
280.1
3, 297.0
1, 377. 9
645.8
525.6
279.5
3, 274. 8
1, 358. 9
639.0
521.1
282.9
3, 273. 9
1, 346.1
636.0
508.0
278.5
3, 299. 5
1, 357. 5
637.3
508.7
275.6
3,148.1
1,188.6
' 570. 9
423. 2
262.0
M aryland.. ________
Massachusetts_______
M innesota___________
Missouri____________
Montana 2__________
740.0
1, 771. 6
803.4
1, 264. 6
157.7
751.7
1, 760. 4
824. 9
1, 251. 8
154.5
746.6
1, 760. 3
813.7
1, 248. 4
149.8
744.4
1, 750. 5
810.4
1, 235. 3
144.1
738.4
1, 753. 3
810.5
1, 234. 6
143.3
733.7
1, 760. 0
816.4
1 , 228. 6
144.6
757.5
1,832.8
842.3
1, 271. 7
151.0
756.9
1, 799. 7
835.3
1, 250. 2
151.7
753.1
1, 797. 0
837.0
1, 252. 6
154.6
766.4
843.9
1, 253. 7
155.8
771.0
1, 805. 0
837. 7
1, 249. 2
156.7
749.8
1, 797. 8
836.3
1,232. 4
155.8
2 743. 5
1,815.2
' 830.8
1,234. 8
155.3
670 8
1, 701. 5
770. 6
1,116.4
' 136.4
Nebraska____________
332.8
Nevada_____________
63.5
N ew Hampshire... . .
171.5
N ew Jersey. _______ 1, 694. 7
N ew Mexico_______ .
167.4
329.8
61.1
166.9
1, 684. 9
164.4
327.0
58.9
164.5
1, 669. 5
163.3
323.0
56.9
165.2
1, 664. 2
162.4
322.9
56.0
166.2
1, 657. 3
160.9
322.9
55.6
166.7
1, 656.1
161.4.
339.2
58.8
170.8
1, 705. 0
163.5
335.2
59.0
169.1
1, 682. 9
161.0
335.2
60.4
172.4
1, 669. 6
161.1
334.0
61.2
173.9
1, 689. 9
161.6
332.0
61.0
176.7
1, 690. 5
161.6
331.4
60.3
176.0
1 , 680. 0
161.2
332.6
58.9
173.9
1, 687. 5
160.9
295. 5
53.4
166. 7
1, 613. 5
' 121. 7
N ew York_____ _____
North Carolina______
North Dakota 2______
O klahom a_________
Oregon______________
5,836. 9
981.3
117.8
511.6
468.6
5, 829.1
972.3
116.4
506.3
438.1
5,818. 0
975.1
112.5
507.4
445.7
5, 807.1
969.1
109.3
503.5
431.2
5, 785.8
969.5
108.6
505.1
424.7
5, 787. 9
976.3
109.6
505.6
420.2
5, 987.8
1 , 002. 8
114.5
518.7
448.0
5,887. 9
985.7
115.7
510.7
453.8
5, 874.4
983.8
117.2
511.2
463.3
5, 896. 3
981.1
117.1
508.4
476.4
5, 881. 6
967.6
116.9
508.0
476.1
5,827. 2
957.1
116.5
506.1
467.8
5,806. 5
964.3
117.2
503. 5
468.7
5, 557. 7
' 863.6
99.1
433.6
417.4
Pennsylvania________ 3, 476. 5
Rhode Island. ______
296.8
South Carolina______
510.1
South Dakota_______
126.6
Tennessee__________
787.1
3, 676.9
294.9
507.3
125.1
782.8
3, 673.9
298.8
509.8
3, 653.0
297.8
499.8
120.4
768.0
3. 659. 5
297.2
499.4
779.4
3, 670. 6
297.8
506.2
120.3
773.2
771.1
3, 773.8
305.3
511.6
124.8
795.8
3, 729.3
301.6
500.1
124.9
783.8
3, 734. 7
295. 5
499.2
126.1
788.8
3, 744.8
295.2
498.2
126.1
792.6
3, 727.4
295.6
494.0
125.6
790.4
3, 713. 3
301.9
486.0
124.7
780.6
3, 740. 4
308.2
485.6
125.0
782.0
3, 628.3
' 293. 7
426.1
110 . 2
700.5
Texas_______________ 2,164.4
U tah. ______________
209.3
Vermont............ ............
98.8
Virginia 2____________
876.8
Washington_________
721.2
2,135. 6
208.9
98.4
869.7
700.8
2,130. 7
207.3
98.0
870.7
708.0
2,114. 2
203.2
98.0
862.2
697.9
2,106. 9
202.3
97.9
862. 2
690.4
2,104. 7
201.5
97.9
865.1
687.1
2,161.8
212 . 2
100.5
893. 5
723.9
2,128. 7
211.9
98.8
881.4
726.8
2, 121.8
2,119. 5
218.3
2 , 120. 8
2,101. 9
2, 088.1
1, 734.0
’ 179. 7
98.6
West Virginia 2______
Wisconsin__________
W yoming___________
519.8
1, 051. 3
86.7
521.1
1, 045. 4
83.1
517.6
1, 036.3
81.1
516.8
1,039. 7
80.6
519.0
1, 038. 8
81.6
534.9
1, 070. 4
84.2
530.6
1, 057. 8
85.3
532.2
1,064.8
Alabama________. . .
632.8
A rizon a__________
190.9
Arkansas____________
306.0
California________
3, 622. 2
Colorado 2__...................
394.6
Connecticut_________
District of C olum bia..
Florida______________
Georgia_____________
Idaho______________
512.0
1, 070. 3
89.4
122.0
120.6
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
more detailed industry data. See table A -8 for addresses of cooperating State
agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
213.6
99. 1
882. 8
742.8
86.6
1 , 812.1
750.4
214.1
101.5
871.1
741.7
534.1
1 , 082. 2
87.7
532.1
1, 078. 3
90.2
100.1
879. 8
21 1 .6
101. 5
861.1
736.6
211.3
101. 7
863.3
732.2
527. 9
1, 085.3
90.4
534.0
1, 073. 0
88.8
2 Revised series; not comparable with data previously published
* N ot comparable with preceding data shown,
773.7
659.9
984.5
72.7
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
331
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
A-8 : Employees in Manufacturing Industries, By State 1
[In thousands]
1951
1952
State
June
A la b a m a ___________
Arizona_______ ______
Arkansas____________
California_____ ______
Colorado2.
. __ .
C onnecticut__Delaware 2__________
District of C olum bia...
Florida______________
G eorgia______ _____
Idaho______ _____
Illinois 2. . _________
Indiana 2. .
Iowa________
... .
Kansas2_____________
Kentucky___________
Louisiana___
_____
Maine. . ______ ____
M aryland____- _____
Massachusetts _____
Michigan____________
Minnesota___ . . . . . .
M ississippi__________
Missouri__________ _.
Montana 2___________
Nebraska____________
Nevada_____________
N ew Hampshire. ___
N ew Jersey__________
New Mexico______ __
N ew York______ _
North Carolina______
North Dakota 2. ._ _ _
Ohio________ _______
Oklahoma____
...
Oregon__________ . . .
Pennsylvania___ . . .
Rhode Island...
_ ..
South Carolina.. _ _ .
South Dakota____ _.
Tennessee_________ .
Texas. . . . . _____ .
U tah_______________
Vermont____________
Virginia 2 ___________
W ashington. _________
West Virginia 2______
W isconsin___ . . . .
W yoming___________
203.7
23. 7
76.2
945.8
57.4
58.1
17.3
106.0
301.2
24.9
1, 215. 5
568.3
168.3
136.6
140.2
150.1
118.6
241.5
701.0
1, 064.8
205.8
95.5
389.1
18.4
58.5
3.9
80.2
760.0
14.9
1,880. 2
416.8
6.4
1, 247.1
77.9
154.8
1, 262.0
137.6
215.9
11.8
267.4
413.7
26.7
37.2
239. 9
187.8
130.7
464.2
6.5
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
229.5
23.6
75. 9
938.7
64.0
425.3
57.8
17.4
108.8
301.9
22.1
1, 229.8
599.2
167.2
130.9
143.9
146.5
111.1
254.6
699.1
1, 065. 9
206. 2
93.6
382.7
18.0
59.4
3.8
79.2
758.4
14.6
1, 90S. 0
413.0
6.2
1, 265.7
75.1
130.1
1, 452. 4
137. 2
214.6
11.5
265.2
411. 1
28.7
37. 5
239.7
175.5
133.4
456.7
6.3
230.3
23. 2
74.8
934.3
63.7
426.7
57.3
17.3
111. 1
300.3
20.0
1, 244. 9
610.2
167.8
132.3
144.0
143.8
106.9
251.9
707.4
1, 066. 7
205.6
93.7
383.6
17.4
58.6
3.7
79.3
760. 5
14.5
1,931.2
415.8
6.0
1, 273. 2
77.7
140.7
1, 457.8
141.6
216.3
11.3
262.2
414.1
30.1
38.4
240.8
185.6
133.1
456.7
6.3
231.7
23.0
74.1
924.1
65.3
429. 2
66.1
17.3
113.1
301.0
18.7
1, 249. 4
615.3
168.6
131.7
144.9
141.7
112.1
255.1
717.1
1,054.0
205.8
93.0
383.2
17.4
58.9
3.7
81.4
763.4
14.4
1, 975.8
417.3
5.9
1, 272.8
77.4
132.6
1, 474. 5
145. 1
216.3
11.4
263.0
414.6
29.3
38.8
241.6
182.7
133.1
451. 1
6. 2
232.4
22.3
75.6
915. 6
65.4
429.7
55.9
17.4
112.5
301.7
18.7
1, 246. 3
612.2
169.6
130.4
148.8
144.2
115.8
252.9
721.6
1, 050. 5
205.6
91.9
380.8
17.2
58.1
3.6
82.3
762.2
14.0
1, 974. 7
424.4
6.0
1, 274. 6
77.7
128.6
1, 476. 4
147.0
215.0
11.3
260.9
416.0
29.2
38.9
242.6
180.6
133.3
453.8
6. 2
230.3
21.6
76.0
905.1
65.9
427.9
55.4
17.5
113.0
301.5
19.0
1, 240. 0
612.1
169.3
129.1
151.7
144.0
115.3
252.2
721.7
1, 050. 9
204.7
92.4
377.7
17.6
57.3
3.7
82.5
756.4
13.9
1, 956. 3
427.8
6.2
1, 273. 7
77.3
123.9
1,475. 6
145. 2
216.3
11.4
260. 9
412.2
29.0
38.4
244.0
176.0
134.6
449.7
6.4
229.7
20.0
76.1
914.1
68.9
429.4
55.5
17.6
109.2
305.1
21.9
1, 248. 5
614.7
171.4
128.3
153.7
152.3
117.4
255.8
728.3
1, 056.8
208.6
93.5
377.7
18.7
59.1
3.7
82.0
762.5
14.1
1, 966. 9
430.9
6.2
1,279. 3
77.5
135.6
1, 480. 3
146.2
217.8
11.5
262.8
414.0
30.8
38.7
245.6
184.1
135.6
453. 4
215.9
22.0
77.4
924.2
70.1
424.9
55.9
17.6
106. 2
307.1
24.4
1, 245. 5
610.0
170.9
127.4
148.2
153.9
118.0
255.4
726.7
1,065.8
209.2
93.9
373.3
19.5
58.5
3.6
81.6
761.7
14.2
1, 962. 5
431.2
6.3
1, 273.8
77.7
145.4
1, 474.8
146.1
216.9
11.8
261.4
411.6
32.6
38.5
246.9
189.6
137.0
453.1
7.2
229.6
21.2
81.7
950.3
70.1
422.4
57.5
17.4
102.4
306.0
25.9
1, 245. 4
616.4
169.1
124.8
150.0
145. 6
117.7
258.6
726.5
1,073.8
207.7
94.0
370.4
20.0
58.0
3.7
82.3
747 9
14.4
1,954. 2
436.2
6.3
1, 275. 3
77.0
150.1
1, 482. 9
140.2
218.4
11.8
265.2
409.6
34.5
38.2
248. 3
199.2
137.4
457.0
7.1
228.3
20.0
82.9
952.4
68.3
421. 5
59.6
17.4
99.6
305.8
27.1
1, 229.8
627.2
171.4
121.9
150.6
147.2
117.7
272.8
728.0
1,083. 3
213.9
93.9
375.5
18.6
57.3
3.8
81.9
766.4
14.2
1, 964. 9
436.8
6.1
1, 285. 4
75. 5
156.6
1,487.1
140. 5
220.0
11.6
267.9
405.6
36.9
38.7
246.8
203.3
139.3
471. 2
6.5
224.9
19.3
81.8
962.4
67.4
416.5
60.4
17.3
98.4
307.7
27.1
1,221.8
613.0
169.6
118.8
151.3
145. 7
120.6
278.7
732.4
1,080. 0
212.2
94.3
378.2
18.8
56.6
3.8
82.0
766.8
14.1
1, 954. 6
431.0
6. 2
1, 285.1
75.5
157.8
1, 486.0
141. 5
219.5
11.7
267.2
402.9
33.3
39.5
243.8
139.4
471.2
226.5
19.0
80.6
904.9
66.4
413.2
55.8
17.4
98.9
303.7
27.2
1, 227. 9
604.8
168.0
119.2
149.1
145.3
117.3
258.5
723.7
1,095. 6
211.1
93.0
373.5
18.5
56.9
3.8
81.7
755. 2
14.0
1,894. 9
421.8
6.2
1, 267.8
74.2
151.1
1, 479. 9
147.7
216.1
11.7
261.1
399.9
32.6
39.1
238.4
200.3
137.9
479.2
230.0
19.3
81.6
873.4
64. 4
417.3
55.8
17.3
102.8
300.4
26.1
1, 250. 4
614.6
167.2
116.8
150.9
146.3
117.4
2 255. 3
735.4
1,137. 7
206.1
93.4
376.8
18.6
56.7
3.7
82.2
766.3
14.0
1,896.3
427.7
6.2
1, 285. 0
73.4
153.1
1, 500.1
152.2
218.9
11.6
262.0
397.2
30.9
39.6
240.3
198.0
140.0
462.0
6.6
6.6
6.2
1 Data for earlier years are available tipon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
more detailed industry data.
2 Revised series; not comparable with data previously published.
2 N ot comparable with preceding data shown.
Cooperating State Agencies:
Alabama—Department of Industrial Relations, Montgomery 5.
Arizona—Unemployment Compensation Division, Employment Secu
rity Commission, Phoenix.
Arkansas—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Little
Rock.
California—Division of Labor Statistics and Research, Department of
Industrial Relations, San Francisco 1.
Colorado—U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Room 24, New Customhouse,
Denver 2.
Connecticut—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor,
Hartford 15.
Delaware—Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 1, Pa.
District of Columbia—U. S. Employment Service for D . C., Washing
ton 25.
Florida—Unemployment Compensation Division, Industrial Commis
sion, Tallahassee.
Georgia—Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, A tlantal.
Idaho—Employment Security Agency, Boise.
Illinois—State Employment Service and Division of Unemployment
Compensation, Chicago 54.
Indiana—Employment Security Division, Indianapolis 9.
Iowa—Employment Security Commission, Des Moines 8.
Kansas—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Topeka.
Kentucky—Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Economic
Security, Frankfort.
Louisiana—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Baton Rouge 4.
Maine—Employment Security Commission, Augusta.
Maryland—Department of Employment Security, Baltimore 1.
Massachusetts—Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and Indus
tries, Boston 10.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6.6
201.2
Annual
average
1947
224.1
14.7
75.1
721.8
57.5
415.7
47.2
16.8
92.8
273.7
20.5
1, 240. 4
551.2
149.6
81.5
136.3
151.0
114.5
230.3
721.9
1,041.7
199.5
91.9
348.8
18.4
49.3
3.3
82.8
775.3
9.0
1, 903. 7
411.8
6.1
1, 245.1
62.4
132.8
1, 524. 5
153.2
202.1
11.3
253.6
323.6
26.5
39.8
234.5
173.5
137.0
433.1
6.3
Michigan—Employment Security Commission, Detroit 2.
Minnesota—Division of Employment and Security, St. Paul 1.
Mississippi—Employment Security Commission, Jackson.
Missouri—Division of Employment Security, Jefferson City.
Montana—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena.
Nebraska—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Lincoln 1 .
Nevada—Employment Security Department, Carson City.
New Hampshire—Division of Employment Security, Department of
Labor, Concord.
New Jersey—Department of Labor and Industry, Trenton 8.
New Mexico—Employment Security Commission, Albuquerque.
New York—Bureau of Research and Statistics, Division of Placement
and Unemployment Insurance, New York Department of Labor, New
York 18.
North Carolina—Department of Labor, Raleigh.
North Dakota—Unemployment Compensation Division, Bismarck.
Ohio—Bureau of Unemployment Compensation, Columbus 16.
Oklahoma—Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma City 2.
Oregon—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Salem.
Pennsylvania—Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 1
(mfg.); Bureau of Research and Information, Department of Labor
and Industry, Harrisburg (nonmfg).
Rhode Island—Department of Labor, Providence 3.
South Carolina—Employment Security Commission, Columbia 1.
South Dakota—Employment Security Department, Aberdeen.
Tennessee—Department of Employment Security, Nashville 3.
Texas—Employment Commission, Austin 19.
Utah—Department of Employment Security, Industrial Commission,
Salt Lake City 10.
Vermont—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Montpelier.
Virginia—Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and
Industry, Richmond 19.
Washington—Employment Security Department, Olympia.
West Virginia—Department of Employment Security, Charleston 5.
Wisconsin—Industrial Commission, Madison 3.
Wyoming—Employment Security Commission, Casper.
332
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
A-9: Insured Unemployment Under State Unemployment Insurance Programs,1 by Geographic
Division and State
[In thousands]
1952
Geographic division and
State
Juno
M ay
April
1951
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
1950
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
June
Continental United States-------------- 1,024.9 1,075. 5 1,143.9 1,192.3 1,284.1 1,384.1 1 , 101.6
939.9
853.0
859.8
939.2 1 , 001.6
934. 7
1, 521.1
New England________________ ____
M a in e ____ ________________
New Hampshire---------- . . . ___
Vermont____ ____________ _
M assachusetts_________ ______
Rhode Island-------------------------Connecticut__________________
118. 3
7.4
7.7
3.9
67.5
18.0
13.8
131.5
12.4
107.4
9.8
7.9
2.3
56.5
18.4
12.5
102.2
8. 6
105.8
7.4
106.4
7.5
8.0
1.9
52.1
22.4
14.0
8.2
14.5
111.7
8. 5
7.0
1.5
56.2
22 . 2
16.3
112.6
8.9
1.9
52.1
17.7
13.0
110.5
7.4
7.3
1.5
54. 1
22. 5
17.7
180. 5
13 0
12.9
34
107 1
26.6
23.5
Middle Atlantic__________________
New York. ______ ___ .
New Jersey----------------------------Pennsylvania---------------- . _
355.7
185.2
41.7
128.8
352.2
219.3
42.8
90.1
316.2
190.0
41.6
78.6
304.2
183.9
46.2
74.1
298.6
178.2
42.9
77.5
315.1
189.0
42.9
83.2
344.8
215.5
46.5
82.8
327.2
204. 7
46. 7
75.8
495.4
307.4
East North Central----------------------Ohio_________________________
Indiana___ . . . .
Illinois_________ _____ ________
Michigan--------- ----------- . . . .
Wisconsin------------------------------
182.2
38.0
19.1
55.8
57.5
158.0
30.4
15.1
62.1
44.5
5.9
184.3
31.8
191.0
33.4
22.9
76.8
51.1
1 1 .8
158.7
32.7
13.3
54.6
50.6
7.5
158.6
28.4
17. 6
74 3
32.5
5.8
242.4
65.0
14. 5
128.6
24.6
9.7
30.8
6.3
2.4
18.3
31.5
6.7
.1
.2
.6
.2
.2
.6
31.9
7.0
3.1
18. 2
.2
.3
.7
2.4
57.4
13.1
5.1
29 7
7
.5
2.3
98.0
1. 2
165. 5
1. 9
25. 3
4.1
24.1
24.1
33. 7
15.4
135.2
14.7
9.6
2.9
73.3
19.3
15.4
110. 3
9.8
7.6
2.3
58.2
18.6
13.8
113.1
9.2
70
2.3
61.0
18.6
15.0
123. 3
10 . 2
7.6
3.0
65.3
356.4
199.0
50.6
106.8
359. 5
51.0
107.9
355. 3
198.4
50.4
106.5
373.2
209.6
54.7
108.9
415.8
232 6
63.1
175.4
36.0
19. 8
81.6
30.1
7.9
173.0
35.6
17.6
76.1
34.4
9.3
184.3
36.7
19. 3
71. 3
44.6
12.4
194.5
42.8
19.6
55.5
61.1
15.5
226.1
47.8
23.8
63.3
73.7
17.5
259. 3
49.7
25.6
73.8
89.3
20.9
213.4
41.8
West North Central---------------------Minnesota— -------------------I o w a .................... _ .............. ........
Missouri------------------ ------------North Dakota________ __ ___
South Dakota___ _______ _
_
Nebraska___________ . . . _____
Kansas------------- --------------------
30.0
40.7
13.7
4.5
17.3
.4
.4
1.5
2.9
59.2
23.7
71.0
26.3
51.3
13.9
4.4
24.2
34.4
8.1
2.6
6.0
19.7
76.5
24.0
8.4
28.2
3.1
40.6
8.1
21. 6
76.1
26.7
8.9
24.3
3.7
1.9
5.1
5.5
1 .8
1.8
.9
1.9
4.2
.6
South Atlantic........... ..................... ......
Delaware______
____ _______
M aryland... ------ -----------------District of Columbia__________
Virginia. ----------------- -----------West Virginia ________________
North Carolina____________ ___
South Carolina________________
Georgia..............................................
Florida_______________________
113.6
110 .1
1.0
104.8
1.3
12.7
2.3
7.1
15.7
31.8
11.3
14.6
106.8
1.7
116.9
1.9
13.5
2.7
10.6
7.3
11.3
24.7
East South Central----------------------Kentucky________________ ____
Tennessee............ .................. ..........
Alabama ..........................................
M ississippi-----------------------------
72.4
21.7
8.2
3.8
14.2
.2
.2
1.1
2.3
.8
12.8
1.7
16.0
20.2
27.1
9.6
14.7
10.7
22.8
20.1
7.8
8.8
2.8
73.2
19.8
14.5
14.4
1.9
12.3
16.3
30.4
10.7
13.8
9.3
71.8
20.8
4.3
5.4
99.8
1.5
9.5
11.6
2.8
8.1
3.0
9.3
15.7
28.4
11.2
1 2. 2
14.4
29.3
Pacific .................... ................................
Washington_______ _______ ___
Oregon_______________________
California__________ _____ ____
1 10 .1
11.6
134.3
15.3
7.9
111.1
84.6
83.2
94.7
10.0
1.8
7.7
1.4
7.5
9.0
25.2
9.3
12.9
10.5
107.0
1. 2
8.5
1.5
10 5
10.4
31.0
10.5
15.4
18.0
112.7
1. 2
10. 7
1. 5
12. 7
11. 7
30. 6
58.3
14 9
22.7
13.2
7.5
63. 5
16.4
25.5
13.9
7.7
37.8
5. 4
15.9
9.1
10.0
1.1
51.8
13. 5
21.5
54.7
13.5
22.7
29.1
4.9
30.7
18.8
3.2
4.7
.7
1.4
.8
2.0
2.2
6.8
2.4
2.7
3 1
5.4
2.6
3 2
1.2
1.6
2.0
154. 2
19. 7
12 3
122 . 2
193.9
28.3
21.4
144.2
2.5
3.5
5.8
214.0
38.4
27.6
148.0
6.1
7.3
1.4
2.6
2.5
3.0
5.7
1.6
2.6
2. 1
3.2
1.4
221.5
46.3
33.2
142.0
159.0
31.1
21.5
106.4
1.1
6.5
1.4
63.1
14.9
26.0
15.3
6.9
15.1
66.1
1.2
8.5
28.5
9.6
13.8
17.1
34.5
7.7
11.5
6.5
13.9
10.2
1.0
6.7
7.4
8.5
24. 2
9.0
11.4
13.8
42.7
10.5
13.9
7.9
10.4
11.2
.2
.2
90.6
1.4
58.7
15.1
19.5
10.7
13.4
10.5
15.0
16.7
4.3
63.3
15.5
21.5
21.0
2.8
6.8
35.2
7.2
3.2
18.2
2.9
8.8
12.1
70.6
55.1
6.7
3.2
12.0
20.1
.1
.2
20.1
.5
2.7
15.5
28.4
13.4
20.8
2.5
22.4
1.7
52.7
21.8
.8
81.4
18.8
35.0
15.6
1 Prior to August 1950, monthly data represent averages of weeks ended in
specified months; for subsequent months, the averages are based on weekly
data adjusted for split weeks in the month and are not strictly comparable
with earlier data. For a technical description of this series, see the April
1950 M onthly Labor Review (p. 382).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.3
79.1
19.7
31.4
15.1
12.9
7.3
1.5
2.7
.9
25.0
78.5
31.9
2. 1
16.3
30.2
12.9
17.9
10.9
57.4
77.2
15.0
74.8
6.0
1 .2
1.6
4.7
6.3
22.0
15.3
9.6
28.3
5.9
1.7
1.9
120.1
14.6
8.4
18.9
3.4
3.3
11.4
1.4
1.4
.4
8.1
13.5
16.2
8.0
60.7
14.2
10.0
5.4
93.1
1.8
53.1
11.3
18.0
9.3
13.9
M ountain_____________ _____ _____
M ontana_____________________
Idaho _______________________
W yoming. __________________
Colorado .........................................
New Mpxico. . . _____________
Arizona______ ________________
Utah _______________________
N evada_______ _______________
.6
4.0
3.5
31.4
14.9
46.4
7.4
17.4
2.3
2.0
1. 1
2.6
28.6
15.0
10.4
39.7
5.8
15.4
7.2
11.3
1 .2
1.6
6.1
26.1
15.9
9.0
West South C e n tr a l..........................
Arkansas_____________________
L ouisiana____________________
Oklahoma_______ ____________
Texas________________ _______
.9
.7
.4
2.3
200.6
21.0
11.6
5.2
8.2
12.2
6.3
30.2
4.5
5.3
7.8
8.1
35.8
5.3
14 4
6. 5
9.6
10.3
1.4
6.7
6.7
8.0
2.0
.9
.3
.2
1.0
1.0
2.0
.7
.7
1.7
1.3
.7
.1
.7
.9
8.8
1.7
.9
106.5
18.1
12.3
76.1
11.1
.6
.6
78. 9
10.8
7 6
60. 5
12.1
5. 5
.6
2.0
1.2
.7
.9
.2
1.1
1.0
2.0
1.5
.5
.6
79.9
9.6
6. 3
64.0
88.7
10.3
6 4
72 0
.7
5.5
110
16. 1
17.2
6.8
9.7
.8
1. 0
.3
1. 4
1.1
2.0
1.8
.7
96 0
9. 3
59
80 8
9. 2
7. 6
1. 4
59. 4
22.1
12.9
11 0
1.5
12. 5
10. 3
25. 5
9.1
15 5
11.4
58. 5
16. 4
22 0
13. 4
6 7
68 1
119.9
6.0
21.1
15.8
87.4
22.3
32.6
21.9
10.6
38. 0
5. 5
15. 6
7. 2
9.7
69.9
10.4
22.5
8.9
1. 1
.8
.3
1 5
20.5
2. 5
1.5
.9
4.7
1.1
1. 8
1 6
2. 2
3.6
3.5
.7
1 .6
10 1.1
6. 7
196.1
16.5
8.3
171.3
3.9
90.5
12.6
24.4
Figures may not add to exact column totals because of rounding,
S ource: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security,
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
333
B: LABOR TURN-OVER
B: Labor Turn-Over
T able
B -l: Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates (Per 100 Employees) in Manufacturing Industries, by
Class of Turn-Over 1
Class of turn-over and year
Total separation:
1952
1951___________________________
1950_________ __________________
1949___________________________
1948___________________________
1947 __________________________
1346___________________________
1939___________________________
Quit:
1952
1951 ___________________________
1950___________________________
1949______ _____________ _______
1948______ _____ _______________
1947___________________________
1946___________________________
1939 *__________________________
Discharge:
1952
1951___________________________
1950___________________________
1949___________________________
1948___ ____ ___________________
1947___________________________
1946___________________________
1939 __________________________
Lay-off:
1952
1951 __________________________
1950___________________________
1949___________ ______ _________
1948___________________________
1947_____ _____ ________________
1946___________________________
1939 _____________ ___________ ....
Miscellaneous, including military:
1952
19.51__________________________
1950___________ ______ __________
1949___________________________
1948___________________________
1947_____________________ ______
1946.___________________________
Total accession:
1951___________________________
1950 __________________________
1949___________________________
1948___________________________
1947_____________________ ____
1946___________________________
1939___________________________
Jan.
4. 0
4. 1
3. 1
4.6
4.3
4.9
Feb.
Mar.
3. 9
3.8
3.0
4. 1
4.7
4. 5
6.3
3.7
4. 1
2.9
4.8
4. 5
4.9
2.6
3.1
1. 9
1.9
2.0
2.1
1 .1
2. 1
1 0
2 5
6.8
3.2
Apr.
6.6
2 8
4. 8
4. 7
5.2
6.3
3.5
2.2
14
2.5
3. 2
3.9
3.5
4.2
2. 7
1.3
1.7
3.0
3.7
4.3
.6
.8
.8
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.2
1.7
2.6
3.5
4.3
.9
1 2
1 6
2.8
.2
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.1
.3
.4
.4
.5
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.1
.1
.1
1. 4
1.3
1.1
.8
1.3
1.0
.8
17
2.5
1.7
2.3
1.7
.9
.8
.9
1.8
2.2
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.2
.4
.7
.4
.3
.5
1.2
1. 4
2.8
1 .2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
4 4
5.2
3.6
3.2
4.6
3. 9
4.4
3.2
2.9
3.9
5.0
3.9
4 6
3.6
3.0
4.0
5 1
7.1
3.3
6.0
8. 5
4.1
6.8
3.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
i M o n th -to -m o n th changes in to tal e m p lo y m e n t in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s
tries as in d icated by lab o r tu rn -o v e r rates are n o t co m p arab le w ith the changes
show n b y th e B u re a u ’s e m p lo y m e n t a n d p ay ro ll rep o rts, for th e following
reasons:
(1) Accessions a n d sep aratio n s are co m p u te d for th e e n tire c alendar m o n th ;
th e e m p lo y m e n t and payroll rep o rts, for th e m ost p a rt, refer to a 1-week pay
p eriod e n d in g nearest th e 15th of th e m o n th .
(2) T h e tu rn -o v e r sam ple is n o t so large as th a t of th e em p lo y m e n t an d
p ay ro ll sam óle an d includes p ro p o rtio n ately fewer sm all p la n ts; ce rtain
in d u stries are n o t covered. T h e m ajor in d u stries excluded are: p rin tin g ,
p u b lish in g , a n d allied in d u stries; ca n n in g an d preserving fruits, vegetables,
a n d sea foods; w o m en ’s, m isses’, a n d c h ild re n ’s o u te rw ea r; a n d fertilizers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.1
4 6
1 0
1 2
2.8
1 .2
1.0
1.4
2.6
May
June
3.9
4.8
3 1
5.2
4.3
5 4
6.3
3.5
2 3.7
4.3
3 0
4 3
4.5
4 7
5. 7
3.3
2. 2
2.8
1 6
1.6
2.8
2 2.1
3.5
4.2
.7
2. 5
i. 7
1.5
2. 9
3 1
4.0
7
.3
.4
.3
2.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.1
1.1
1. 2
1. 1
3.3
1. 1
1. 4
1.5
2.7
July
4.4
29
3.8
4. 4
4. 6
58
3 3
2.4
1.8
1 4
2.9
3 1
4.6
.7
6.6
5 1
4.9
4 2
5.4
5.9
6.9
3.0
2.8
3.1
2 9
3. 1
3 4
2. 1
3.9
4.5
5.3
1 8
3.4
4.0
5.3
Oct,.
4.7
4.3
4. 1
4 5
5.0
6.3
2.9
2.5
2 7
1. 5
2.8
.3
.4
.4
.4
.2
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
2 1.0
1.0
1.3
1.4
.6
1.8
12
.8
1.3
.7
1.4
6
2. 1
1.0
1.0
.6
1.8
1.0
2.3
1.0
1.6
1.0
1.8
.4
.4
.1
.1
.4
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
4.5
4.3
5. 7
4 1
5 1
5.9
7. 1
4.4
5. 2
3.7
4. 5
5. 5
.9
2.5
1. 1
l. 1
1. 2
2.5
2.5
2.1
.4
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
3. 7
4. 5
3.5
2.9
4.0
5 1
6. 7
2.9
3.9
4.5
4. 4
3.5
4. 1
4.8
6. 1
3.3
3 4.8
4.9
4.8
4.4
5.7
5.5
6. 7
3.9
.7
.2
4.2
4 7
3 5
4 7
4 9
7 4
42
.1
.1
.1
6.6
4 4
5.0
5.3
7.0
5 1
.9
6.2
3.
3 1
3
4
3
4.
3.
1.9
1.4
I.'
.f
1 .2.
3.r
2 1
1 2
2. 2
.3
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
3
.3
Dec.
4.3
3.8
40
4 1
4.0
4.9
3.0
2.7
3.7
.2
.2
Nov.
3 6
4.7
.9
1.1
2.3
.4
.1
.1
53
4. 2
4.0
5 1
53
Sept.
.8
.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.5
.1
.1
Aug.
.8
.c
.4
.4
.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.
-S
.4
.2
.2
.1
.8
1 .2
.9
6.8
59
1.7
1.1
2.5
1.4
l.f
l.:
2.
2.0
2.5
.
l.f
2.7
.4
.3
.1
.S
.
.8
.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
3.0
40
3 3
3.9
4 8
5. 7
4. 1
3.
3.
3.5
2 .3
.1
4. f
2.
(3)
P la n ts are n o t in clu d ed in th e tu ra -o v er co m p u ta tio n s in m o n th s w hen
w ork sto p p ag es are in progress; th e influence of such sto p p ag e is reflected,
h ow ever, in th e e m p lo y m e n t an d pay ro ll figures. P rio r to 1943. rates relate
to p ro d u ctio n w orkers only.
> P relim in a ry figures.
> P rio r to 1940, m iscellaneous sep aratio n s w ere in c lu d ed w ith q u its.
N o t e : Information
on concepts, methodology, a n d
special studies, etc., is given in a “ Technical N ote on Labor
Turn-Over,” October 1949, which is available upon re
quest to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
334
B: LABOR TURN-OVER
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
B-2: Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates (Per 100 Employees)
in
Selected Groups and Industries 1
Separation
Total
Industry group and industry
June
1952
Manufacturing
Durable goods 3______________ ________
Nondurable goods 3_______________ _____
4.1
3.4
Ordnance and accessories...............................
Food and kindred products....................... __
Meat products..........................................
Grain-mill products___________ ____ _
Bakery products.......................................
Beverages:
Malt liquors........................................
2.9
4.1
4.1
6.4
4.2
3.1
2.4
Tobacco manufactures...... .............. ..............
Cigarettes....... .............. ............................
Cigars____ _______ ________________ _
Tobacco and snuff____________ ____ _
Textile-mill products___________________
Yarn and thread mills______________
Broad-woven fabric mills____ ____ _
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber_____
Woolen and worsted____________
Knitting mills_____________________
Full-fashioned hosiery__________
Seamless hosiery________________
Knit underwear______ _____ ___
Dyeing and finishing textiles_______
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings__
2. 1
2.7
1.7
3.6
3.1
3.4
3.5
3.5
4.1
3.5
2.4
Primary metal industries__________ ____
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills_______________ __________ _
Iron and steel foundries_____________
Gray-iron foundries_____________
Malleable-iron foundries_______
Steel foundries________________
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals:
Primary smelting and refining of
copper, lead, and zinc___ ____
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
copper_________________ ____ _
Nonferrous foundries__
________
Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings......................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.0
3.9
2.2
2.0
3.3
4.9
1. 6
2.7
1.9
5.4
3.2
6.0
3.7
4.1
3.3
3.5
4.0
3.5
2.0
1.7
M ay
1952
2.3
1.7
1.4
5.0
1.4
6.1
4.3
3.9
.1
.1
.2
.3
.3
4.0
3.9
5.6
7.5
5.9
10. 5
6.2
4.5
5.6
5.7
2.7
5.2
8.3
3.0
2.3
3.8
1.9
3.7
5.4
3.6
3.4
5.9
3.2
1.9
3.6
3.9
2.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
1 .0
1 .0
.4
.3
2.6
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
1. 5
2.3
.2
.9
.2
2.0
.4
.3
4. 9
4.9
4. 8
4.8
3.2
3.5
.3
.2
1 .0
1.4
.1
.1
5.2
5.4
3.7
4.9
3.8
4.3
9.0
4.5
.4
.4
.2
.5
.3
.5
.3
.5
.8
.2
1.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
7.0
9.9
.3
6.8
7.0
12.3
6.5
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
1.1
2.7
1.7
1.4
1.9
2.0
1.3
1.9
2.5
2.9
3.3
2 .2
1. 8
1.2
.4
.9
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.1
1.4
2.2
2.6
1.3
1.3
3.1
2.6
1.5
.3
1.9
2.5
2.9
1.4
3.2
1.5
1.5
.6
1.2
.3
.5
.7
.4
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.5
.3
.3
2.6
1.1
1 .6
2.8
1 .8
.2
.2
.2
1. 8
1.9
(*)
1 .6
.3
(!)
2.6
2 .2
2.2
2.9
2.6
2.2
.2
3.1
3.4
.8
1.4
1.3
2.3
1.1
.8
2.6
2.3
2.5
.5
.3
.7
.3
.2
.2
.8
1.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.5
1.7
2.3
.3
«
.3
1.2
.8
1.1
1.3
.5
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.1
.6
.6
.6
«
(4)
(4)
1.1
1 .6
.7
1.4
.4
1.1
.2
2.7
2.9
(4)
.3
5.5
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.8
.4
.5
.3
.3
.8
.6
.6
.4
.2
.1
.2
.2
2
.2
.3
.9
1.5
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.5
.7
.1
.2
(4)
.2
.2
0)
.2
.1
3.4
.9
.2
.2
.1
.4
1 .6
.2
.3
«
.5
.3
1.7
2.3
1.7
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1
1.0
1.0
2.0
.5
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.8
1.5
1.9
1.2
.2
(4)
1 .8
1.1
1. 8
2.6
2.6
1. 6
2.8
1.6
1.5
1.5
.3
.1
.6
.4
1 .0
1 .0
.2
.3
.8
.2
.1
.2
.2
.4
.8
.6
1.2
(4)
.2
.1
.2
.1
.3
.5
.5
.5
.3
1.7
1.3
2.0
.2
.1
.1
1.9
.4
.3
j2
.4
2.2
1.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
1.1
1.1
2. 2
.3
.7
.5
4.7
4.9
.3
.9
2. 2
1.1
.8
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.8
.3
.5
.3
.4
1.4
2 .2
.2
.3
1. 0
2.8
.2
.2
2.7
(')
3.6
3.0
2.7
4.3
.1
.6
.2
M ay
1952
.4
4.5
5.0
1. 6
2.1
2.8
.2
.2
1.0
June
1952
10.5
3.8
3.1
4.5
3.1
3.9
5.5
4.2
3.6
9.1
3.3
2.5
3.9
3.6
2.5
2.0
3.7
4.4
3.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.6
1. 8
1. 8
3.6
7.0
.5
1.9
3.3
.6
1 .8
2.0
1.1
.8
.6
3.0
3.1
4.5
4.3
3.3
4.5
3.7
4.4
.3
1.5
1.9
3.4
3.5
3.0
1.9
1.3
2.9
1. 8
.5
.4
.4
1.5
.5
.5
3.5
5.4
5.4
5.1
3.2
2.3
4.2
2. 1
.5
.4
3.2
4.5
5.2
3.4
3.2
2.5
4.5
3.4
2.9
3.4
4.9
5.0
0.3
.4
.4
5.7
9.9
1 .0
.6
0.4
.3
.5
4.9
5.7
4.9
3.1
M ay
1952
1.3
.4
5.2
2.3
1.5
2.3
1.5
.4
3.1
June
1952
1.1
.8
.4
4.6
1.5
M ay
1952
0.4
.3
2.0
2.7
1.5
2. 2
June
1952
2.4
3.1
5.0
4.8
2.4
M ay
1952
Total accession
Mise., incl.
military
Lay-off
0.4
.3
1.5
2.4
3.9
3.0
6.0
June
1952
2. 1
6.3
2.9
2.1
1
.
June
1952
2.1
1. 8
2.0
.8
1.2
4.0
Chemicals and allied produ cts.......... .........
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals.......... . .
Synthetic fibers________________
Drugs and medicines. _________ ____
Paints, pigments, and fillers________
Products of petroleum and coal...... ...........
Petroleum refining________ _____ ___
Rubber products_________________ ____
Tires and inner tubes___________ . . .
Rubber footwear__________________
Other rubber products.......................
Leather and leather products_____ _____
Leather . . __________ ______
Footwear (except rubber).....................
Stone, clay, and glass products....................
Glass and glass products____________
Cement, hyd rau lic________________
Structural clay products___________
Pottery and related products
M ay
1952
Discharge
4.1
4.4
4.2
4.2
5.4
3.7
3.0
3.5
4.7
4.3
3.0
6.8
Apparel and other finished textile products_____ _ . . . _ _______________
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats_____
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing.. _______ _____ ___ _
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_____________________ _____ _
Logging camps and contractors____
Sawmills and planing mills.
___
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood p ro d u cts________
Furniture and fixtures. _________ ____
Household furniture__________ ____
Other furniture and fixtures_________
Paper and allied products______________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills__
Paperboard containers and boxes
Quit
.2
.i
.2
.1
.1
.4
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
1 .6
.2
.2
.1
.2
.6
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
.2
.9
1.5
.8
1.4
2.5
.6
.4
2.0
.6
.3
.7
(5)
.3
4.6
4. 5
5.1
3.2
4.0
3.4
5.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
6.5
2.3
4.2
3.1
2.3
3.7
3.1
3. 7
4.3
5.8
4. 6
6.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
3.7
5.1
4.1
3.5
.3
2 .2
.3
.2
3.1
3.1
.2
.2
(s)
4.0
3.3
5.4
2.4
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.5
2.0
.2
.7
1.3
.5
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.3
.1
.3
.2
3.4
.4
.2
.2
1.1
.1
1.5
.3
1.9
.8
.5
.1
1 .8
.5
.4
1.3
.8
.2
.2
.3
.4
.6
(4)
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.1
3.2
2. 4
4.8
1.6
2.4
1.5
1.9
1. 5
1.9
1.4
.9
3.0
2. 0
3.3
3.9
5. 2
4.4
5.4
3.1
3. 9
.3
.3
.3
.1
.2
.2
2.8
.3
2. 2
2.8
4.1
2.6
1.5
5.6
6.1
3.3
2 .2
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
335
B : LAB O R TXJRR-OVER
B-2: Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates (Per 100 Employees) in Selected Groups and Indus
tries 1—Continued
Separation
Total
Industry group and industry
June
1952
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transportation
equipment)_________________
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware.
Cutlery and edge tools_____
Hand tools_____ ____ _
.
Hardware____ ___ ___
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies___
Sanitary ware and plumbers’
supplies____ __ ____
Oil burners, nonelectric heating
and cooking apparatus, not
elsewhere classified . .
Fabricated structural metal products..
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving_____________ __________
Machinery (except electrical).........
Engines and turbines ___
Agricultural machinery and tractors
Construction and mining machinery.
Metalworking machinery. .
Machine tools___________
Metalworking machinery (except
machine tools)________
Machine-tool accessories___
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)
General industrial m achinery...
Office and store machines and devices..
Service-industry and household machines ..........................
Miscellaneous machinery parts___
Electrical machinery...............................
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa
ratus . _________________
Communication eq u ip m en t___
Radios, phonographs, television
sets, and equipment ______
Telephone and telegraph equipm eat__________________
Electrical appliances, lamps, and
miscellaneous products............ ...........
Transportation equipment__________
Automobiles_________________
Aircraft and parts____________
Aircraft ________ _______
Aircraft engines and parts_______
Aircraft propellers and parts_____
Other aircraft parts and equipment _____ ___
Ship and boat building and repairing..
Railroad equipm ent________
Locomotives and parts__________
Railroad and streetcars
Other transportation equipm ent_____
Instruments and related products . .
Photographic apnaratns ...
Watches and clocks_____ . .
Professional and scientific instrum ents_____________ ______
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..
Nonmanufacturing
Metal m in in g _________ ________
Iron mining_______ ______
Copper mining_________
Lead and zinc mining . _
Anthracite mining___________________
Bituminous-coal mining____ ______
Communication:
Telephone________________________
Telegraph___________________
Quit
M ay
1952
June
1952
Discharge
M ay
1952
4.4
3.4
2.4
4.5
3.0
4.4
4. 4
3.7
4.0
4.8
2.2
2.0
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.7
2.0
4.3
5.7
2.4
2.7
2.6
3.5
1.6
6.6
8.3
4.1
4. 4
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.3
4.1
6.2
3.1
2.7
(9
3.4
3.0
2.9
M ay
1952
0.4
.3
.1
.4
0.4
.4
.3
.3
.5
.5
2.1
3.5
2.7
3.5
2.5
.6
2.7
1.9
1.9
2. 3
2. 2
2.5
1.4
1.8
2.0
(9 ,
2. 2
4.7
3.1
.7
.2
.1
.1
.2
2.8
1. 1
.4
1.2
2.4
.2
.2
5.5
4.6
.3
.2
.5
1.0
.2
.2
2.5
3.1
.7
.5
.5
2 .2
.7
4.1
.9
.2
.1
.2
.2
9. 7
5.2
6.4
3.9
2. 7
1.8
.8
(9
.5
.3
.1
.4
.6
.1
5.7
3.6
5.4
.7
.4
.4
.3
.4
.5
.5
.5
.4
.4
5.5
2.9
3.3
3.0
3.6
.3
.4
(9
.9
.2
.7
.3
.5
.i
.8
1.0
.2
.8
4 2
.7
l.i
3.7
2.2
2.2
2.5
3.0
2.3
2. 9
3. 3
3.0
1. 5
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.2
3. 4
3.0
3.0
7.1
[3 .2
3.5
1. 7
1.7
1.7
1. 7
. 1.8
.4
. 5.
1.8
2
4
.5
.3
3.5
1.8
2. 7
4.0
1. 1
2.3
1. 4
2.5
.3
.4
4
.6
4.6
4.4
2.2
2.3
.5
.6
1.5
2.5
2.4
2.0
2.0
a
J2
.1
4.9
5. 9
6. 5
4. 0
4. 3
3.1
1.7
4. 4
4. 5
3. 6
4. 0
4.3
3. 5
1.7
1. 7
2. 7
1. 9
3. 3
3.6
1. 8
.3
4
3
4
^4
J2
4
_3
4
2.6
2.1
6
.2
5
.3
2.7
2. 8
10.9
4. 5
2. 8
6. 4
2.9
3. 4
2.0
4.9
2.3
1.9
1. 2
1.4
2.1
1. 0
2.0
4.6
3.4
2.3
4.8
3.5
2.9
6. 2
5.7
2.0
1. 5
4. 8
4. 9
2.6
2.1
5. 2
4. 9
1.9
4.0
2.6
(9
(9
2.1
(9
7
Ï. 1
1.1
4.7
1.0
1.1
1.0
2.0
4.7
4.4
(5)
(9
«
1.1
.7
.1
(9
5
.i
J2
«
,i
.1
(9
.2
8
2
.3
3
3
2.5
4.8
2.1
1.2
.4
.3
5.1
4.3
2
4.5
2.5
2 1
3
7
3.7
3.1
5.7
4.3
«
1.1
1. 2
1.6
(9
1.4
«
(9
1.8
(5)
(9
1.0
(9
(9
3
(9
(9
(9
2.7
.l
(5)
(5)
2.6
2.7
.8
.8
.2
2.9
3.1
3.9
3.2
2.7
4.4
1. 1
.9
2.8
3.9
3.3
3.6
5
.3
4.3
3.5
3.5
.8
.2
n
2
2
J2
.1
(5)
5
7
9
6.6
2
7.1
5.7
2.9
4
(9
2
.2
.8
6
2.8
2.0
2.8
3.5
5.3
6.8
4.4
3.1
6.7
4.1
14. 3
6.5
4.2
9.3
4.0
(9
.7
4
7
.4
5
7
!9
.1
4
.1
1.4
6.7
3.6
11.4
4.5
3.6
.i
.3
2.5
A. o
.4
.3
5. 7
3.3
4 7
_
.1
.4
(9
4
.3
_3
.1
.1
.1
2.5
2.9
.1
.5
2.2
1 .6
1 .6
2 5
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.5
J2,
«
3.7
.2
.2
.4
.1
.1
7
1.5
4.8
1.3
4 9.
4.0
4
.1
1.2
2. 6
2.1
_2
.2
2
c5)
2.0
1.0
8
l.o
.2
.4
.4
.3
.3
1.8
5.2
2.3
1.4
3.4
(5)
1. 9
1. 3
2. 7
1.3
1. 1
3.0
3.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.4
9
.5
2
(5)
.1
.4
.4
1
.3
.5
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
1.9
(9
M ay
1952
0. 3
1.7
1.3
June
1952
.2
.2
.1
.2
2. 5
3.3
2.1
M ay
1952
0.3
1.0
2.0
2.1
2.5
14
3.2
3.6
9, 5
1.3
June
1952
1.7
.3
;r' .4
W .5
1. 5
1.5
1.9
1.9
2.8
M ay
1952
2.1
1.8
2. 2
2.1
.2
(9
June
1952
2.8
2.8
1 See footnote 1, table B -l. Data for the current month are subject to
revision without notation; revised figures for earlier months will be indicated
by footnotes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
June
1952
i ouai accession
Misc., in cl.
military
Lay-off
1.6
1.6
(9
.i
.2
2.2
2.6
2.6
2 .2
.1
.1
6. 1
.1
.6
1.0
(9 ^
1 .0
2
(5)
(»)
» See footnote 2, table A-2.
» See footnote 3, table A-2. Printing, publishing,
and allied industries are excluded.
(9
.1
(9
(9
(9
2.3
i Less than () OS
1 Not available
836
C: E AR N IN G S AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
C: Earnings and Hours
T able
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1
Mining
Metal
Iron
Total: Metal
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkiy. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
1950: Average______ $05. 58
1951: Average______ 74.60
42.2 $1.554 $01 . 96
43.6 1. 711 72.63
1951: June_______ - 70.89
July_________ 72. 32
August . ------ 75. 74
September___ 76. 43
October_____ 76. 10
November___ 74.43
December____ 79. 43
41.8
42.0
44. 5
44. 1
44.4
43.4
44.4
1.696
1.722
1.702
1.733
1. 714
1.715
1.789
79.12
79. 25
80. 59
77. 67
79. 91
77.57
44.3
44. 1
44.5
43.1
44.1
42.0
1.786
1.797
1.811
1.802
1.812
1.847
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
A p ril.,.............
M a y ________
June____ ____
Coal
Copper
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Lead and zinc
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
40.9 $1. 515 $72. 05
42.5 1.709 78.19
45.0 $1.601 $66. 64
46.1 1.696 76.20
65. 19
67. 58
75. 92
76. 56
76 79
73.06
76.83
38.3
39. 2
44. 4
43.8
44. 7
42.5
43.9
1.702
1.724
1.710
1.748
1. 718
1.719
1. 750
75.36
75. 86
76 88
79. 20
78 15
77.74
84. 38
45.4
44.6
45. 9
46.7
46.3
46.0
46.8
74. 57
76.32
78. 42
72.33
76. 76
48.71
44.1
44.4
45.2
42.3
44.5
28.6
1.691
1. 719
1.735
1.710
1.725
1.703
84. 50
84.69
82.43
82. 80
82.92
86.11
46.7
46.0
45.9
44.8
44.9
44.7
Avg
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1.949
1.979
1.944
1952: January_____
February____
M arch............ .
A pril,...........
M ay________
June________
84. 53
82.29
84. 57
83.10
82. 25
86. 53
41.7
40.8
41.6
41.1
40.7
41.6
2. 027
2.017
2.033
2.002
1.949
1.956
2.006
2.022
2 . 021
2.080
Avg
wkly
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
35. 0
35.2
$2.010
2 . 21 2
43.2
43. 1
43 7
42.6
42.9
42.2
43.2
1.764
1.783
1 757
1.776
1. 761
1. 764
1.887
79. 50
58. 52
60 36
78. 24
81.84
69. 98
31.0
35.3
26.3
27 2
35.1
36.8
31. 1
2. 224
2. 252
2 225
2 219
2. 229
2 224
2. 250
77.67
73 71
77 23
81.61
80 62
81.09
86.28
34.8
32. 7
34 9
36 5
36.3
36.2
38.4
2. 232
2. 254
2 213
2. 236
1.690
1.803
76.20
76. 85
76 78
75.66
75.55
74 44
81.52
1.844
1.837
1.845
1.840
1.844
1.855
83.02
81.90
82.45
80.20
82. 35
80. 54
43.4
42.7
42.7
41.9
42.6
42.3
1.913
1.918
1.931
1.914
1.933
1.904
73.58
68. 97
67. 00
62. 52
75.81
67.14
32.6
30.9
30.1
28.1
33.8
30.3
2. 257
2. 232
2 . 226
2. 225
2.243
2 . 216
86. 39
80. 27
79.26
66. 68
67.18
61.35
38.5
35.9
35.4
29.9
30.4
27.1
1.660
1.701
1.675
1.696
1.688
68 94
2 221
2 240
2. 247
2.244
2.236
2.239
2.230
2.210
2.264
Nonbuilding construction
40.6 $1,815 $59. 88
40.9 1. 948 67.19
40.4
42.1
40.2
41.8
40.5
40.4
41.8
Avg. Avg
hrly. wkly
earn earn
ings
ings
Contract construction
Nonmetallic mining
Petroleum and
and quarrying
natural gas production
(except contract
services)
78. 74
83. 32
78.15
83. 68
78. 93
79.02
83. 85
Avg.
wkly.
hours
32.1 $1 970 $70 35
30.3 2.198 77. 86
M ining—Continued
1951: June________
July..................
A u g u s t-------September___
O cto b er____
November___
Decern ber____
Avg
wkly
earn
ings
Bituminous
41.6 $1,602 $6.3. 24
43.0 1.772 66.60
Crude petroleum and
natural gas production
1950: Average_____ $73. 69
1951: Average,.......... 79.67
Anthracite
Total: Contract con
struction
Total: Nonbuilding
construction
44.0 $1,361 $73. 73
45.0 1.493 81. 71
Highway and street
37.2 $1,982 $73. 46
37.9 2.156 80.82
40.9 $1,796 $69.17
40.8 1.981 74.66
41.1 $1,683 $76. 31
41.0 1.821 85. 06
40 7
40.6
$1,875
2.095
41.7
43.6
43.4
42.1
43 6
38.4
38.2
1.812
1.817
1.841
1.872
1 875
85. 98
89 21
89 51
89. 20
90 42
84.72
84. 75
41.0
42.4
42.2
41.7
41.9
38 9
39.4
2.097
2. 104
39.3
39.6
37.5
39.7
42.0
43.0
1.828
1.852
1.814
1.855
1.873
1.885
86. 64
88.01
39.8
40.5
39.0
39.8
41.1
41.7
2 177
2.173
2.199
2 . 211
2.207
2.198
67.82
68.84
69. 59
70. 63
71.72
68.35
67.32
45.7
45.8
46.3
46.1
47 0
44. 5
44.0
1.484
1.503
1.503
1.532
1.526
1. 536
1. 530
82.41
83. 73
84. 46
85.19
86.26
81.66
83.83
38.4
39.0
39.1
38.9
39 3
36.8
37.9
2.146
2.147
2 . 160
2.190
2 195
2.219
2 . 212
81.48
84. 81
85. 27
84. 72
86.61
79.30
79. 08
41.3
42.9
42. 7
41.9
42 6
38.7
38.9
1.973
1.977
1 997
2. 033
2.049
2.033
75. 56
79. 22
79 90
78.81
81 75
71.73
70.56
66. 69
43.7
44.3
43.8
44.8
45.9
45.8
1.526
1.526
1.541
1.547
1. 550
1.573
84.74
85. 95
83. 51
85.20
86.42
37.9
38.3
37.1
38.0
38.7
39.6
2.236
2. 244
2. 251
2.242
2.233
2.225
81.26
82.73
79. 46
82.43
85. 57
87.10
39.6
40.2
38.5
39.8
41.5
42.3
2 052
2.058
2. 064
2.071
2.062
2.059
71.84
73.34
68. 03
73. 64
78.67
81.06
67.60
67. 50
69. 31
71.15
72.04
88.11
Other nonbuilding
construction
2 022
1.868
1.847
85. 76
88.00
90.71
91.66
2 121
2 139
2 158
2 178
2. 151
Contract construction—Continued
Building construction
Special-trade contractors
Total: Building con
struction
1950: Average_____ $’73. 73
1951: Average_____ 82. 10
1951: June________
July ________
August______
Septem ber...
O ctober.____
November___
December........
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
M ay_________
J u n e.................
82. 71
83.63
84.31
85. 42
86.20
82. 26
84. 94
85.35
86. 60
84. 57
85. 92
86. 83
88.34
Total: Special-trade Plumbing and heating
contractors
36.3 $2 031 $68. 56
37.3 2.201 75.10
35.8 $1,915 $77. 77
36.6 2.052 87.20
36.7 $2. 119 $81.72
37.8 2. 307 91. 26
Painting and
decorating
Electrical work
38.4 $2,128 $71.26
39.2 2.328 78. 65
35. 4 $2 013 $89.16
35.8 2.197 102. 21
38.4
40.1
$2. 322
2. 549
37.7
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.5
36.4
37.7
2.194
2. 195
2 207
2. 236
2 239
2. 260
2. 253
75.28
76. 28
76. 76
77. 79
79 66
76.06
77.98
36.9
37.3
37.5
37.4
38.3
36.2
37.4
2.040
2. 045
2.047
2.080
2.080
2 . 101
2.085
88. 32
88. 97
89. 94
91. 14
90.94
86. 58
89. 51
38.3
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.6
36.5
37.8
2.306
2. 305
2. 324
2. 349
2 356
2. 372
2.368
92.11
92.19
92.39
93 89
94.60
91. 18
95. 92
39.5
39.6
39.4
39 7
39 9
38.2
40.2
2. 332
2 . 328
2. 345
2. 365
2.371
2.387
2. 386
79.68
79. 24
80 33
80. 27
82 16
78.07
80. 31
36.7
36.4
36.2
35 9
36.5
34.3
35.1
2.171
2.177
2.219
2.236
2. 251
2. 276
2.288
103. 70
103.54
104 42
106. 76
105 19
100. 61
106. 28
40.7
40. 7
40 9
41.0
40.6
38.8
40.8
2. 548
2. 544
2. 553
2. 604
2. 591
2. 593
2.605
37.5
37.9
36.9
37.6
38.1
38.9
2. 276
2.285
2.292
2.285
2. 279
2. 271
78. 62
79. 67
76. 26
80.60
80. 37
82.02
37.6
37.9
36.4
38.2
38.4
39.3
2. 091
2. 095
90. 00
91.34
90.17
89. 30
91.02
92. 72
37.5
37.9
37.2
37.1
37.8
38.6
2. 400
2.410
2.424
2.407
2.408
2. 402
95. 92
94.32
93. 77
91.96
92. 62
92. 33
39.8
39.3
38.7
38.3
38.8
38.6
2.410
2. 400
2.423
2. 401
2.387
2.392
78.07
79. 57
78. 51
78.59
80. 98
84.07
34.3
34.9
34.6
34.5
35.1
36.3
2. 276
2.280
2. 269
2. 278
2.307
2.316
106.74
108. 93
108. 43
106.57
107.49
107.81
40.6
41.2
40.4
39.9
39.9
40.5
2. 629
2.644
2.684
2.671
2.694
2 . 662
See footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
General contractors
2.102
2.110
2.093
2.087
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
C: E ARNINGS AND H OURS
337
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Contract construction—Continued
Building construction—Continued
Special-trade contractors—Continued
Year and month
Other special-trade
contractors
Avg
wkly
earn
ings
1950- Average____
1951: Average____
1951: Tune________
$74. 71
83 62
«5.28
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
hrly
earn
ings
Avg. Avg
wkly wkly
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Ayg. Avg.
hrly wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly
earn
ings
Excavation and foun
dation work
Avg
wkly
earn
ings
Avg
wkly
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
35.0 $2. 477 $69. 86
34.9 2. 569 72. 92
37.0 $ 1,888 $64.49
35.8 2.037 71.13
35.3 $1,827 $74. 92
36.2 1.965 80.17
38.6
39 3
$1,941
2.040
2.268
2 268
2 283
2 305
2 315
2 329
2. 309
77. 23
83. 96
83 55
84 00
83 61
74 93
76. 94
34.4
37 4
37.1
37.3
36 8
33 2
33 6
2. 245
2. 245
2. 252
2. 252
2 272
2. 257
2.290
92.10
91 38
91 18
90. 72
87 91
83.05
85. 81
35.6
35 5
35 8
35.8
34.5
32.8
33.6
2.587
2. 574
2. 547
2. 534
2.548
2. 532
2. 554
73.70
76. 76
77.73
80. 14
77. a5
71. 14
73.08
37.0
37 7
37.3
38.0
36.2
33.7
35.0
1 992
2.036
2.084
2. 109
2 145
2 . Ill
2 . 088
71.11
73. 63
73.51
75. 53
76.63
70. 55
71.92
36.6
37.8
37.6
37.9
37.9
34 6
35.5
2 026
80. 80
83. 15
85. 82
84.69
85.11
77. 53
81.82
39.3
407
41. 2
40 5
40.8
36 9
39 0
2.056
2. 043
2.083
2.091
2.086
2 . 101
2.098
2 353
2.373
2.381
2.365
2.365
2. 358
75 70
75.73
71.97
74.84
80. 57
83.31
33.0
33.2
32.0
33.1
35.0
36.7
2.294
2.281
2.249
2 . 261
2.302
2.270
83.19
87. 88
85.17
86. 45
89. 82
90. 21
32.7
34.3
33.0
33.3
34.4
33.8
2. 544
2. 562
2. 581
2. 596
2.611
2.669
71.89
73. 43
72.83
71.77
71.30
76.48
35.0
35.7
35.2
35.2
35.4
37.2
2. 054
2.057
2.069
2.039
2.014
2.056
70 31
72.04
68. 46
34.4
34.7
33.3
35.2
36.0
37.7
2. 044
2.076
2.056
2.068
2.076
2.086
78.19
83.28
80. 45
81.90
82. 93
89.47
37.9
39.3
38.0
39.7
40.2
41.4
2.063
2. 119
2.117
2.063
2.063
2.161
82.91
84.51
1952: January____
February___
March_____
A pril..............
M ay----------June...... .........
85.18
87.80
85. 95
86.32
88. 92
91.25
36 2
37.0
36.1
36.5
37.6
38.7
88.20
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Roofing and sheetmetal work
33 9 $2.090 $86. 70
35.1 2.246 89. 66
Septem ber...
O cto b er___
N ovem ber...
December__
86.86
87.90
88. 97
Avg.
wkly
earnings
Carpentry
35.8 $2 087 $70 85
37.0 2 260 78.83
37.6
38.3
38 5
38.6
38 1
35.8
36.6
Ju ly ________
A u g u st ____
Avg
hrly
earn
ings
Plastering and lath
ing
Masonry
72. 79
74. 74
78.64
1.943
1.948
1. 955
1.993
2.022
2.039
Manufacturing
Total: Manufac
turing
Durable goods 1
1950: Average_____ $59. 33
1951: Average,......... 64.88
40.5 $1,465 $63. 32
40. 7 1.594 69.97
1951: June__ ___ _
July ________
August______
September___
October ____
November___
December........
65. 08
64 24
64. 32
65. 49
65 41
65. 85
67. 40
40. 7
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.5
40.5
41.2
1. 599
1. 598
1.596
1.613
1 615
1 . 626
1.636
1952: January_____
February____
March_______
April________
M ay _______ .
June_________
66.91
66.91
67. 40
65.87
66.61
66.98
40.8
40.7
40.7
39.8
40.2
40.4
1.640
1.644
1.656
1. 655
1.657
1.658
Food and kindred products
Ordnance and
Nondurable goods > Total:accessories
Total: Food and kin
M eat products
dred products
41.2 $1. 537 $54. 71
41.7 1.678 58. 50
39. 7 $1. 378 $64. 79
39.5 1.481 73. 78
41.8 $1. 550 $56.07
43. 5 1.696 61.34
41.5 $1. 351 $60.07
41.9 1.464 66. 79
41.6
41.9
$1,444
1.594
70. 27
68. 79
69. 55
71.01
71 10
71. 05
72. 71
41.8
40. 9
41.3
41.6
41. 7
41.5
42.2
1.682
1.684
1.707
1.705
1.712
1.723
58. 47
58. 48
57. 91
58. 67
58 00
59.07
60.45
39 4
39.3
39. 1
39.4
38. 9
39.2
39.9
1.484
1.488
1. 481
1.489
1.491
1.507
1. 515
71.02
73. 10
73. 71
76. 47
75.50
75. 68
77. 62
42. 4
43. 1
43 9
44.2
44.0
43.9
45.1
1.675
1. 696
1.679
1. 730
1. 716
1.724
1.721
61.80
61.65
61. 15
62.06
61.91
63.34
64.13
41. 9
42.2
42.0
42.8
42.0
42.0
42.3
1. 475
1.461
1.456
1.450
1.474
1.508
1.516
67. 88
68. 26
41.8
41.8
41.3
41.9
41.5
44. 1
44.2
1.624
1.633
1. 634
1.634
1.630
1.667
1.653
72.15
72.18
72. 81
71.07
71. 76
71.80
41.8
41.7
41.7
40.8
41.1
41.1
1.726
1.731
1.746
1.742
1.746
1.747
60.04
60.12
60.13
58.71
59.52
60. 87
39.5
39.5
39.3
38.4
38.9
39.5
1. 520
1.522
1.530
1.529
1.530
1.541
77. 26
78. 76
78. 85
77.04
78.40
78.08
44.4
44.7
44.3
43.4
43.8
43.5
1.740
1.762
1.780
1.775
1.790
1.795
63.40
63.30
63.30
62.80
63. 97
65.73
41.6
41.4
41.0
40.7
41.3
42.3
1. 524
1.529
1. 544
1.543
1.549
1.554
69. 66
68. 72
68. 09
42.5
41.4
40.6
40.3
40.9
41.4
1.639
1.660
1.677
1.682
1.693
1.699
1 . 681
67. 48
68. 46
67.65
73. 51
73.06
67. 78
69.24
70.34
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
M eat packing,
wholesale
1950: Average_____ $60. 94
1951: Average.......... 68. 34
Sausages and casings
Condensed and evap
orated milk
Ice cream and ices
Canning and preserv
ing
41.6 $1. 465 $60. 80
41.9 1.631 65. 87
42.4 $1. 434 $56.11
41.9 1. 572 60. 61
44.5 $ 1 . 261 $57. 36
44.6 1.359 63. 25
45.6 $1,258 $57. 29
46.1 1.372 62.35
44.1 $1. 299 $46. 81
44.6 1.398 51.42
39.3
40.2
$1,191
1.279
66. 51
42.2
42.8
42.6
41.9
41.9
42.3
41.6
1.576
1.577
1.589
1.621
1.599
1 . 612
1.597
61.11
62. 02
60. 70
62. 10
60. 60
60.09
61.48
45.4
45.4
44.9
45.0
44.3
43.8
44.1
1.346
1. 366
1.352
1.380
1.368
1.372
1.394
64. 26
65. 47
63. 70
64.77
62 06
61.92
62. 56
46.8
46.8
46.7
46.5
45. 5
45.2
45.2
1.373
1.399
1.364
1. 393
1 364
1.370
1.384
61.46
63. 57
62. 32
63. 11
62.33
62. 18
64.09
44.6
45.7
44.9
44.6
44.3
44.0
44.6
1.378
1.391
1.388
1.415
1.407
1. 420
1.437
49. 25
49. 20
53. 00
54.33
56. 87
47.80
51.02
38.6
40.8
41. 7
43 5
42.5
37.0
38.3
1.276
1.206
1.271
1.249
1.338
1.292
1.332
65.91
41.3
40.8
41.1
40.8
41.8
42.8
1.596
1.618
1.624
1.641
1. 649
1.655
62.79
62. 29
62. 55
62.24
63.14
64.88
44.0
43.9
43.8
43.8
44.4
45.4
1.427
1.419
1.428
1.421
1.422
1.429
63.56
63. 50
64.12
64.36
44.6
45.1
44.9
45.1
45.9
47.1
J. 425
1.408
1.428
1.427
1.440
1.444
63.03
63.66
63.34
62.89
62.42
65.02
43.5
43.9
43.5
43.4
43.5
44.9
1.449
1. 450
1.456
1.449
1.435
1.448
50.35
51.11
51.40
50.44
48.71
52.47
38.0
38.4
38.1
37.5
37.5
39.6
1.325
1.331
1.349
1.345
1.299
1.325
1951: June..................
July..................
August.............
Septem ber___
October............
November___
December____
69. 47
69.81
69.09
70. 27
69.01
75. 98
75. 82
41.7
41. 7
41.2
41.9
41.1
44. 2
44.6
1.674
1.677
1.677
1.679
1.719
1.700
67.50
67. 69
67. 92
67.00
68.19
66. 44
1952: January..
February.
March___
April.........
71.95
70. 97
70.02
69.87
70. 61
71.77
42.8
41.6
40.5
40.2
40.3
40.8
1.681
1.706
1.729
1.738
1.752
1.759
66.01
66. 75
66. 95
68. 93
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Dairy products
1 . 666
70.83
66.10
68.01
338
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
C: E A R N IN 0 8 AND HOURS
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Year and month
Grain-mill products
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Flour and other
grain-mill products
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Prepared feeds
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Bakery products
Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Sugar
Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
19.50: Average_____ *59. 02
1951: Average............ 06.28
43.3 $1. 363 *60. 95
44.6 1.486 67.43
44.1 *1. 382 *57. 21
45.5 1.482 64.63
45.3 $1.263 *53. 54
46.1 1.402 57.38
1951: June.............. .
J u ly ..............
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December____
68.38
44.4
45. 7
45.3
45 4
45.3
44.5
44.4
1.467
1.491
1. 503
1 . 611
1.516
1.528
1.540
64.00
68.54
69. 76
71 35
69.98
71.37
71.28
44.6
46. 5
46.6
47.0
45.8
45.9
45.4
1.435
1.474
1.497
1. 518
1.528
1. 555
1.570
67. 40
65. 85
68. 45
65. 98
67. 04
65.98
47.3
47.7
46.8
47.9
46 5
46.3
45.6
1.402
1.413
1.407
1.429
1 419
1.448
1.450
57. 93
58.15
58.07
58 69
58.38
59.26
59.43
42.1
42.2
41. 9
42. 1
41 7
41.5
41.5
1.376
1.378
1.386
1.394
1 400
1. 428
1.432
63.76
62. 77
58. 42
62. 82
55 39
65.20
64.75
69. 22
66.40
67. 77
66. 53
68. 95
72.36
44.8
43.2
43.5
43.2
44.2
45.8
1. 545
1.537
1.558
1. 540
1.560
1.580
71.06
67.21
68. 57
67.67
69.13
76.06
45 7
43.7
43.9
43.6
44.2
47.3
1. 555
1.538
1.562
1.552
1.564
1.608
67. 46
63.20
67. 47
66.05
67. 54
68.62
46.3
44.1
45.9
45.3
46.2
47.1
1.457
1.433
1.470
1.458
1.462
1.457
59. 04
60. 09
59. 29
60.25
61.55
62.25
41.2
41.5
41.0
41.1
41.7
42.2
1.433
1.448
1.446
1.466
1.476
1.475
62. 57
62. 24
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
M a y .......... .
J u n e ............ .
65.13
68. 14
68. 09
68.60
68 67
68.00
66. 31
41.5 $1. 290 *59. 94
41.7 1.376 61.66
66.10
61.78
62. 64
71.51
Cane-sugar refining
Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
43.0 *1.394 $61.83
41.3 1.493 63.13
43.0
41.1
*1.438
1.536
41.0
41.0
39.0
41.3
38.2
45.5
43.6
1.555
1. 531
1.498
1. 521
1 450
1.433
1.485
66. 41
63.14
69.15
63.38
56.93
62. 36
63.45
41.9
41.4
39.2
41.7
37.9
39.9
40.7
1.585
1.525
1.509
1.520
1.502
1.563
1.559
40.5
40.1
41.6
39.1
39.3
43.9
1. 545
1. 552
1.589
1.580
1. 594
1.629
63.40
60.80
67.17
61.90
64. 52
74.30
40.8
39.0
42.3
39.1
40.2
45.5
1. 554
1.559
1.588
1.583
1.605
1.633
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
B eet sugiir
1950: Average______ *58 69
1951: Average_____ 61.36
1951: J u n e ...............
J u ly ___ ____
A u g u st_____
September___
OrP her ____
November___
December____
60. 76
64.20
58. 91
63 78
54 90
1952: Janu ary..........
February____
M arch_______
April________
M ay------ -----June________
Confectionery and
related products
42 5 *1.381 *46. 72
41.1 1.493 50.41
Confectionery
39.9 *1.171 $44.81
40.2 1.254 48.32
39.9 $1.123 *67.49
40.3 1.199 73.62
1.546
1.601
1.538
1.567
1.441
1. 428
1.517
51.64
49. 71
50.23
52.17
50 96
51. 74
52.33
40.5
38. 9
39.8
41. 5
40. 7
41. 1
41.6
1.275
1.278
1.262
1. 257
1. 252
1. 259
1.258
49.04
47.10
47.48
49 16
48.44
49. 68
50.61
40.2
38.7
39.5
41 1
40 6
41 3
42.0
1.220
66.60
39.3
40.1
38.3
40 7
38.1
47. 7
43 9
62 70
66. 91
64.80
63.06
60.06
65.49
38.8
40.7
38.3
38.5
37.1
40.3
1.616
1.644
1.692
1.638
1.619
1.625
51. 82
52.43
51.68
51.01
51.98
53.93
39.8
40.3
39.6
38.5
39.2
40.1
1.302
1.301
1.305
1.325
1.326
1.345
49. 30
50. 01
49.10
48.51
49. 67
51.27
39.6
40.3
39.5
38.2
39.2
39.9
68 12
Beverages
Bottled soft drinks
41.0 $1.646 $49.12
41.2 1.787 53.03
42.9 *1.145 $72.66
43.5 1.219 78. 99
40.8
41.1
$1. 781
1.922
80. 57
81.42
80.53
81.00
77.29
80. 11
79.34
41.9
42.1
41.9
42.1
40.4
40.5
41.0
1.923
1.934
1.922
1.924
1. 913
1.978
1.935
77. 89
78. 75
78.42
79. 28
82.62
84. 24
40.4
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.6
42.1
1.928
1.935
1.946
1.948
1.986
1.196
1 193
1.203
1.205
75. 21
75.64
75.13
75.11
72. 54
74. 54
73.48
41.9
42.0
41.9
41.8
40 8
40.6
40.8
1.795
1.801
1.793
1.797
1.778
1.836
1.801
54.62
56.16
54.89
53. 79
52.68
54. 59
52. 58
44.3
45.4
44.7
43.7
43 0
43.5
43.1
1.220
1. 245
1.241
1.243
1.270
1.267
1.285
72. 94
73. 50
73. 41
73.81
76. 95
79.19
40.5
40.7
40.4
40.6
41.8
42.6
1.801
1.806
1.817
1.818
1.841
1.859
51.31
51.73
52.35
53. 21
54.25
58.48
42.3
42.4
42.7
42.6
43.4
45.3
1.226
1.249
1.250
1.291
1. 217
1.202
Malt liquors
1.233
1.237
1.228
1.231
1.225
1. 255
1.213
1.220
2.001
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Distilled, rectified,
and blended liquors
1950: Average______ $61 94
1951: Average______ 68.86
Miscellaneous food
products
40.3 *1.537 *54. 99
40.2 1.713 59.22
Tobacco manufactures
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
Cigarettes
42.2 $1.303 $41.08
42.0 1.410 44.20
37.9 *1.084 $50.19
38.3 1.154 54. 21
Cigars
39.0 $1.287 $35. 76
39.4 1.376 38.92
Tobacco and snufl!
36.9 *0.969 $42. 79
37.6 1.035 46.07
37.7
37.7
$1.135
1.222
1951: June_________
J u l y .................
August______
September___
October.........
November___
December____
69. 79
68. 50
68 18
67. 70
70 20
67. 61
66.30
40.6
39.8
39.8
39. 5
40.6
38. 7
38.5
1.719
1.721
1.713
1.714
1.729
1.747
1.722
58.22
59. 21
58.66
59. 74
59 05
60.06
60. 77
41.5
41.7
41.4
41.6
41 7
42.0
42.2
1.403
1.420
1.417
1.436
1.416
1.430
1.440
44.49
44.03
44 08
44.75
45 30
46. 26
46.53
37.9
37.6
38.5
39. 5
39. 7
39.3
39.5
1.174
1.171
1.145
1. 133
1.141
1. 177
1.178
55.37
53.70
55. 79
55.82
55 40
58 02
57 53
40.3
39.2
40.4
40.1
39.8
41.0
40.6
1.374
1.370
1.381
1.392
1.392
1.415
1.417
37.50
37.83
38. 94
40.18
40. 88
41.03
41.66
36.3
36.8
37.7
38.3
38.9
38.6
39.3
1.033
1.028
1.033
1.049
1.051
1.063
1.060
46.86
44.99
46. 76
48. 20
46 90
48.63
47.67
38.4
37.0
38.3
38.9
37.7
38.5
38.2
1.220
1.216
1.221
1952: January_____
February____
March..............
April.................
M a y ________
June_________
68. 43
39.1
39.2
38.8
38.7
41.5
41.6
1.7.50
1.757
1. 768
1.767
1.762
1.767
61.36
61.82
61.30
60. 92
61.59
63.03
41.8
42.2
41.7
41.3
41.7
42.5
1.468
1.465
1.470
1.475
1.477
1.483
45. 27
43.69
43. 88
41.45
45.40
46.82
38.4
36.9
36.6
34.6
37.9
38.6
1.179
1.184
1.199
1.198
1.198
1.213
55.24
51.84
52. 59
48.40
54.31
56.98
39.4
36.9
37.3
34.4
38.6
39.9
1.402
1.405
1.410
1.407
1.407
1.428
40.14
38.86
39. 05
37.03
40.39
40.51
37.9
36.8
36.6
34.8
38.0
38.0
1. 059
1.056
1.067
1.064
1.063
1.066
47. 82
46.30
44.09
43.42
45.74
48.12
38. 1
37.1
34.8
34.6
36.3
37.8
1.255
1.248
1.267
1.255
1.260
1.273
68.87
68.60
68.38
73.12
73.51
See footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.239
1.244
1.263
1.248
REVIEW , SEPTEM BER 1952
T able
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
339
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
M a n u fa c tu rin g —C o n tin u e d
T obacco m an u fac
tu res— C on.
T obacco stem m in g
a n d re d ry in g
Y ear a n d m o n th
T ex tile-m ill p ro d u c ts
T o ta l: T extile-m ill
p ro d u cts
Y a m a n d th re a d
m ills
Y a m m ills
B ro ad -w o v en fabric
m ills
C o tto n , silk, s y n
th e tic fiber
U n ite d S tates
A vg.
w kly.
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
hrly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
1950: A v erage___
1951: A v erag e___
. $37.59
. 37.91
39 4 $0. 954 $48.95
39.2
.967 51.33
1951: J u n e .............
J u l y ............
A u g u st........
S e p te m b e r.
O c to b e r___
N o v e m b e r..
D e c e m b e r..
.
43.07
41.00
34.99
37. 30
39.25
36.89
37.67
38.8
36.8
37.5
42.0
42.8
39.0
38.6
1.110
1. 114
.933
.888
.917
.946
.976
38.04
37. 72
39.16
37.88
41.92
45.08
38.5
36.8
36.5
34.0
37.7
39.3
.988
1.025
1.073
1.114
1.112
1.147
1952: J a n u a r y ___
F e b r u a r y ...
M a r c h ____
A p r il...........
M a y _______
J u n e _______
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
hrly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w kly.
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
h rly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
Avg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e arn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
39.6 $1. 236 $45.01
38.8
1.323 47.86
38.9 $1.157 $45.09
38.6 1.240 48.02
38.8 $1.162 $49.28
38.6 1.244 51.63
40.1 $1. 229 $48. 00
39.2 1.317 50.38
40.1
39.3
$1.197
1.282
51.07
49. 58
48 08
48. 74
49. 29
50. 46
52.70
38. 6
37.7
36.7
36.9
37.2
37.8
39.3
1.323
1. 315
1.310
1.321
1.325
1.335
1.341
47.78
46. 70
44.89
45. 14
46.01
46. 57
49.02
38.5
37.6
36. 2
36.2
36.9
37.2
39.0
1. 241
1.242
1. 240
1.247
1.247
1.252
1.257
47.81
46.92
44.94
45. 16
46. 38
46. 97
48. 94
38.4
37.6
36. 1
36. 1
37.1
37.4
38.9
1.245
1. 248
1. 245
1. 251
1.250
1.256
1. 258
52.10
50. 25
48. 30
48. 75
48. 77
50.01
52. 62
39.5
38.3
37.1
37.1
37.0
37.6
39.3
1.319
1.312
1.302
1.314
1.318
1.330
1.339
50. 63
48. 74
46. 59
47 20
47.36
48. 35
50. 48
39. 4
38. 2
36.8
36.9
37.0
37.6
39.1
1. 285
1. 276
1. 266
1 279
1.280
1,286
1.291
52. 40
52.22
51.32
49.85
50. 71
51.44
38.9
38.8
38.1
37.2
37.7
38.3
1.347
1.346
1.347
1.340
1.345
1.343
48.88
48. 55
48.31
46.39
47.26
48. 66
38.7
38.5
38.1
36.7
37.3
38.5
1.263
1.261
1.268
1.264
1.267
1.264
48. 71
48.35
48.02
46.39
47.42
48.98
38.6
38.4
37.9
36.7
37.4
38.6
1.262
1.259
1.267
1.264
1.268
1.269
52.10
51.19
49. 48
49.08
49.34
50.12
39.0
38.4
37.2
37.1
37.1
37.6
1.336
1.333
1.330
1.323
1.330
1.333
50.30
49. 45
47. 49
47.14
46.99
47.45
38.9
38.3
36.9
36.8
36.6
36.9
1.293
1.291
1.287
1.281
1.284
1.286
M a n u fa c tu rin g —C o n tin u e d
T ex tile-m ill p ro d u c ts —C o n tin u e d
C o tto n , silk, s y n th e tic fiber—C o n tin u e d
W oolen a n d w o rsted
N o rth
1950: A verage.
1951: A v erag e___
$51.23
63. ÖÖ
1951: J u n e ..............
J u l y ..............
A u g u s t.........
S e p te m b e r..
O c to b e r___
N o v e m b e r..
D e c e m b e r..
1952: J a n u a r y ___
F e b r u a r y ...
M a r c h .........
A p r il.. .........
M a y .............
J u n e ........... ..
F u ll-fash io n ed h osiery
K n ittin g m ills
S o u th
U n ite d S ta te s
N o rth
40.5 $1. 265 $47.08
38.8
1.383 49.41
40.0 $1.177 $54.01
39.4 1.254 57.71
39.8 $1.357 $44.13
39.1
1.476 46. 57
37.4 $1.180 $53. 63
36.7 1.269 56.69
37.9 $1,415 $54. 25
36.6 1.549 58.16
37. 7
35.9
$1,439
1.620
54. 25
51. 60
48. 82
51. 17
51. 41
51. 27
54. 46
39.6
38.0
35. 9
36.6
36.1
35.8
37.9
1.370
1.358
1.360
1.398
1.424
1.432
1. 437
49. 72
47.86
45.99
46.18
46. 40
47.58
49. 49
39.4
38.2
37.0
37 0
37.3
38.0
39.4
1.262
1.253
1.243
1.248
1.244
1.252
1. 256
58.16
57. 47
55.84
56.20
55. 38
57.68
62.15
39.7
39.2
38.3
38.1
36.8
37.6
40.2
1.465
1.466
1.458
1. 475
1.505
1.534
1.546
45.18
44. 57
44. 44
44.84
46.06
47.56
48.08
35.6
35. 4
35.3
35.5
36.3
37.3
37.8
1.269
1. 259
1. 259
1. 263
1.269
1.275
1.272
54.01
54. 01
53. 75
54.07
55.18
57. 75
58. 09
34.8
35. 3
35.2
35.2
35.9
37.5
37.6
1. 552
1. 530
1. 527
1.536
1.537
1.540
1. 545
55.18
54. 48
54. 32
55. 12
57.47
57. 80
56.57
34.0
34. 2
34.4
34. 6
36. 1
36.4
35.6
1.623
1. 593
1. 579
1. 593
1. 592
1. 588
1.589
54.89
54.13
52. 53
52. 74
52.56
37.7
37. 2
36. 2
36.4
36.2
1.456
1. 455
1.451
1.449
1.452
49.12
48. 20
46. 21
45.87
45.84
39.2
38.5
37.0
36.9
36.7
1.253
1.252
1.249
1.243
1.249
61.42
60.37
59. 25
59. 29
61.73
63. 60
39.6
39.1
38.6
38.7
39.9
40.9
1.551
1.544
1.535
1. 532
1. 547
1.555
47.66
48.31
48.16
45.94
46.79
47.30
37.0
37.8
37.8
36.2
36.9
37.6
1.288
1.278
1.274
1.269
1.268
1.258
58.18
59.06
58.83
55.20
55. 44
55.09
37.2
38.5
38.6
36.1
36.4
36.7
1. 564
1.534
1.524
1.529
1.523
1. 501
58.76
57.26
56. 36
54.13
54. 75
36.7
37.6
37. 7
35.8
36.5
1.601
1.523
1.495
1.512
1.500
M a n u fa c tu rin g —C o n tin u e d
T ex tile-m ill p ro d u c ts —C o n tin u e d
F ull-fash io n ed ho
siery—C o n tin u e d
S o u th
1950: A v erag e___
1951: A v e ra g e ___
$53. 33
55. 76
1951: J u n o .............
J u l y . .............
A u g u s t____
S e p te m b e r..
O c to b e r____
N o v e m b e r..
D e c e m b e r..
1952: J a n u a r y ___
F e b r u a r y ...
M a r c h _____
A p ril............ .
M a y ..............
J u n e _______
Seam less hosiery
K n it o u te rw e ar
U n ite d S tates
N o rth
K n it u n d e rw e ar
S o u th
38.2 $1. 396 $34. 94
37.2 1.499 36.85
35.8 $0. 976 $38.12
35.2 1.047 41.24
38.2 $0. 998 $34. 37
37.8 1.091 36.02
35.4 $0. 971 $43. 73
34.7 1.038 47.23
38.6 $1.133 $39.60
38.4 1.230 42. 71
37. 5
37.3
$1. 056
1.145
53. 39
53. 83
53. 41
53. 32
53. 81
57.68
58.70
35.5
36.1
35. 7
35.5
35. 8
38.2
38.8
1.504
1.491
1.496
1.502
1.503
1.510
1. 513
35.80
35. 39
35. 32
35.25
37.45
38. 66
39.41
34.0
34.0
33.7
33.8
35.5
36.4
37.0
1.053
1.041
1.048
1.043
1.055
1.062
1.065
40.26
38.20
39. 71
40. 74
42. 21
42. 48
44.31
36.8
35.5
36.6
37.1
38.1
38.0
39.6
1.094
1.076
1.085
1.098
1.108
1.118
1.119
34. 87
34.85
34. 42
34.23
36. 54
37. 94
38.43
33.4
33.7
33.1
33.2
35.0
36.1
36.5
1.044
1.034
1.040
1.031
1.044
1.051
1. 053
46. 41
45. 26
46. 27
46. 56
47.36
48.33
48.21
38.2
37.5
37.8
37.7
37.8
38.6
38.6
1.215
1.207
1.224
1. 235
1.253
1.252
1.249
41.99
40 55
40. 91
41.62
42. 33
43.14
44.50
36.8
35. 6
35. 7
36.0
36. 3
36.9
38.0
1.141
1.139
1.146
1.156
1.166
1.169
1.171
57.49
59. 98
59. 90
55.50
55.66
37.5
39.1
39.1
36.3
36.4
1.533
1.534
1.532
1.529
1.529
38.48
39. 38
38. 88
37.13
38.34
39.00
36.1
36.8
36.4
34.9
35.9
36.9
1.066
1.070
1.068
1.064
1.068
1.057
42. 85
42. 79
43.05
41.29
43.20
38 4
38.0
38.3
36.8
38.5
1.116
1.126
1.124
1.122
1.122
37.66
38. 76
38.16
36.40
37.63
35.7
36.6
36.1
34.6
35.6
1.055
1.059
1. 057
1.052
1.057
46. 79
47.88
48.32
45.41
46.85
48.09
36.9
38.0
38.2
36.5
37.6
38.2
1.268
1.260
1.265
1.244
1.246
1.259
44.16
43.78
43. 61
42.71
43. 53
44.62
37.3
37.1
37.4
36.6
37.3
38.3
1.184
1.180
1.166
1.167
1.167
1.165
S e e f o o t n o t e a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
C: E AR N IN G S AND HOURS
340
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees
C on.
M anufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other
fin ish e d te x tile
products
Textile-mill products—Continued
Year and month
Dyeing and flinshing
textiles
Avg. Avg.
wkly wkly
earn hours
ings
1950: Average_____ $53. 87
1951: Average_____ 56 49
Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings
Avg. Avg
Avg
wkly
hrly
earn earn wkly
hours
ings
ings
40.9 $1,317 $62. 33
39.7 1.423 62 53
W ool carpets, rugs,
and carpet yarn
Avg. Avg. Avg
hrly wkly wkly
earn earn hours
ings
ings
41.5 $1. 502 $62. 72
39 4 1.587 60 37
Other textile-mill
products
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Fur-felt hats and hat
bodies
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
41.1 $1,526 $52. 37
37 9 1.593 54 88
40.6 $1,290 $51.05
39.8 1.379 52. 67
Total: Apparel and
other finished tex
tile products
Avg. Avg. Avg
hrly. wkly
earn earn wkly
ings
ings hours
Avg,
hrly.
earn
ings
35.9 $1,422 $43. 68
35.3 1.492 45. 65
36.4
36 0
$1,200
1.268
1951: June________
July _______
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December____
55. 97
52. 56
51.01
53. 18
55. 19
58. 70
61.76
39.5
37. 3
36.0
37.4
38. 7
40.4
42.3
1.417
1.409
1.417
1.422
1.426
1.453
1.460
59. 48
58. 43
58. 59
59 69
60 99
60. 80
63. 12
37.6
37 1
37.2
37 8
38.8
38.7
39. 9
1.582
1.575
1.575
1. 579
1. 572
1. 571
1. 582
56. 43
54. 92
54.46
55 96
59. 05
59. 18
61.15
35.6
35.0
34.8
35 6
37.3
37.6
38. 8
1.585
1. 569
1. 565
1.572
1.583
1. 574
1. 576
54. 55
53. 70
52. 32
53. 89
54.03
54. 09
56. 30
39.7
39.2
38.3
38.8
38.7
38.5
40. 1
1.374
1.370
1.366
1.389
1.396
1.405
1.404
51.73
50. 38
47.18
49. 66
49.90
49. 93
57. 23
35.0
34.2
33.2
32.0
33.4
33.4
37.8
1.478
1.473
1.421
1. 552
1.494
1.495
1. 514
44.05
45.10
46.11
45.89
43. 70
45.12
46. 26
35.3
35.4
35.8
35.6
34.6
35.5
36.2
1.248
1.274
1.288
1.289
1.263
1.271
1. 278
1952: January_____
February___
March__ ____
April ________
M a y _____
J u n e ________
60. 69
62. 27
60. 76
58. 72
59. 80
62.39
41.4
42.1
41.0
40.0
40.6
41.9
1. 466
1. 479
1.482
1.468
1.473
1.489
64 80
65. 04
66. 79
61. 53
65.24
65.53
40. 5
40. 5
41.0
38.1
39.9
40.4
1.600
1 . 606
1. 629
1.615
1. 635
1.622
63. 68
64. 00
64. 96
56. 55
62. 43
61.82
39.9
39.9
40.1
35.5
38.8
39.1
1. 596
1.604
1.620
1. 593
1.609
1.581
56. 41
56.98
56.97
55.10
56. 67
57.63
39.7
39.9
39.7
38.4
39.3
39.8
1.421
1.428
1.435
1.435
1.442
1.448
55.12
56. 22
55. 31
44. 44
52.60
56.66
36 6
36.7
36.7
29.1
34.4
36.7
1. 506
1. 532
1.507
1.527
1. 529
1.544
46. 40
47. 56
47. 36
43. 58
44. 98
45.30
36 0
36.7
36.8
35.0
36.3
36.3
1.289
1.296
1.287
1.245
1.239
1.248
Manufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
M en’s and boys’
suits and coats
M en’s and boys’ fur
nishings and work
clothing
36.9 $1. 361 $36. 43
35.8 1.473 38.05
Shirts, collars, and
nightwear
36. 8 $0. 990 $36. 26
36.0 1.057 37. 95
36.7 $0.988 $39. 43
35.6 1.066 40.14
37.8 $1.043 $31.34
36.0 1.115 33.02
1950: Average__
1951: Average__
$50. 22
52.73
1951: June_____
July...........
August___
September.
O ctober.. .
November.
December-
52 85
52. 82
51. 56
51.98
47.81
47. 59
49. 98
36.0
36. 2
35.0
35.1
32.5
32. 2
33.7
1. 468
1.459
1.473
1.481
1.471
1.478
1.483
36. 82
36 15
36. 99
37. 67
37.14
38 13
38.09
35 0
34. 4
35.3
35. 5
35.0
35.6
35 8
1 052
1. 051
1.048
1.061
1.061
1.071
1.064
35 97
35. 30
36. 47
37.70
37. 52
38. 84
38 41
34.0
33. 4
34.5
35. 1
35.0
36.0
35.7
1.058
1 057
1.057
1.074
1.072
1.079
1.076
39.28
38. 61
39 13
39. 94
36. 83
37. 56
39 32
35.1
35.1
35.0
35.6
33.3
33.6
35 2
1952: January „
February..
March___
April..........
M ay_____
June_____
50 00
51. 67
52.63
48. 20
48.48
50.83
33.4
34.7
35.3
32.9
33.0
34.3
1.497
1.489
1.491
1.465
1.469
1.482
38 06
39.02
39.34
38.02
39.26
39.39
35.7
36.5
36.7
35.8
36.9
37.2
1.066
1.069
1.072
1.062
1.064
1.059
38. 23
38.84
39. 24
38.41
39.42
39.42
35.3
35.7
36.3
35.6
36.5
36.6
1.083
1.088
1.081
1.079
1.080
1.077
40. 52
42.03
44.12
41.95
42. 98
42.53
35.7
36.8
38.2
36.8
37.8
37.6
Women’s outc rwear
Work shirts
Separate trousers
35.9 $0.873 $49. 41
.925 51.31
35.7
34.7
35.0
$1.424
1.466
1.106
1.118
1.117
1 .1 2 2
32.88
32. 62
32. 42
31.83
32. 53
32.85
32. 86
35.9
35.3
35.2
34.3
34.5
35.1
35.3
.916
.924
.921
.928
.943
.936
.931
47. 52
52. 35
53 45
51.50
47. 33
50.41
52. 30
33.8
34.9
35.4
34.4
32.8
34.6
35.8
1.406
1.500
1.510
1.497
1.443
1. 457
1.461
1.135
1.142
1.155
1.140
1.137
1.131
33. 46
33.32
33.39
34. 63
34.93
35.37
36.1
35.9
36.1
37.2
37.6
38.4
.927
.928
.925
.931
.929
.921
53. 38
54.78
53.14
47.81
49.67
49.18
35.9
36.4
36.2
34.2
36.1
35.1
1.487
1.505
1.468
1.398
1.376
1.401
1.119
1 . 100
1.118
Manufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
Women’s dresses
Household apparel
34.8 $1 382 $34.66
35.1 1.443 37. 86
Women’s suits, coats,
and skirts
36.1 $0. 960 $63. 77
36.9 1.026 63. 89
$48.09
50. 65
1951: June..........
July...........
August___
September.
October__
November.
December-
48. 92
48. 96
52. 16
51.05
47. 33
49. 60
52.60
34.5
35. 4
35.8
34.4
32.8
34. 3
36.1
1.418
1.383
1. 457
1.484
1.443
1.446
1.457
37.22
34. 48
37. 19
37.69
36. 81
38. 35
39. 07
36.1
34.0
36.5
36.7
35.7
36.8
37.9
1.031
1.014
1.019
1.027
1.031
1.042
1.031
63.33
56. 29
60.83
63. 21
31.0
34.2
33.5
32. 1
29.3
31.5
33.2
1952; January—
February..
March___
April..........
M ay..........
June...........
51.77
52. 96
52.82
50.33
52.85
48.34
35.9
36.3
36.4
35.0
36.3
34.7
1.442
1.459
1.451
1.438
1.456
1.393
39. 34
40.38
41.24
39. 51
41.22
39.82
37.5
38.2
38.8
37.7
38.6
37.6
1.049
1.057
1.063
1.048
1.068
1.059
67. 01
68.63
63.31
54.09
53.69
61.65
34.0
34.3
32.4
28.5
30.7
32.5
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
55. 71
1. 797
2.001
1.999
1.973
1.921
1. 931
1.904
1.971
2.001
1. 954
1.898
1.749
1.897
U n d erw ea r and
nightwear, except
corsets
Millinery
36.9 $1.040 $36. 55
36.6 1.118 39.67
36.4 $1.004 $54. 21
36.8 1.078 57.46
35.2
36.0
$1.540
1.596
38.99
38 41
39. 55
41.06
41.66
42.79
42. 90
35.0
34.6
35. 5
36.5
36.8
37.5
37.5
1.114
1.125
1.132
1.141
1.144
38. 52
38.56
38.66
40.00
40. 51
41.13
41.21
35.8
35.7
35.9
36.9
37.2
37.6
37.4
1.076
1.080
1.077
1.084
1.089
1.094
49. 42
57. 66
59. 35
62.10
52.50
50. 90
55. 91
32.9
35.9
36.5
37.3
33.4
32.9
35.5
1.502
1.606
1.626
1.665
1.572
1. 547
1.575
41. 95
42. 49
43. 39
41.18
42. 97
43.08
36.7
37.4
37.8
36.0
37.2
37.3
1.143
1.136
1.148
1.144
1.155
1.155
40.00
40.18
40.62
38.62
40.08
40.19
36.6
37.0
37.1
35.3
36.4
36.6
61.82
69.91
38.4
41.1
40.7
32.6
33.4
32.1
1.610
1.701
1.692
1.531
1.515
1.659
33.6 $1. 898 $38.38
32 9 1.942 40. 92
1950: A v e r a g e 1951: Average—.
68. 43
66. 97
Women’s and chil
dren’s undergar
ments
1.114
1 .1 1 0
1.10 2
1.093
1.086
1.095
1.094
1.1 0 1
1.098
68.86
49.91
50.60
50.04
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T able C - l:
341
Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Lumber and wood
products (except
furniture)
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
Year and month
Children’s outerwear
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Fur goods and mis
cellaneous apparel
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Other fabricated
textile products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg.
hrly
earn
ings
Curtains and
draperies
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly
earn hours
ings
38. 2 $1.101
37.8 1.169 $38.37
Avg.
hrly
earn
ings
Textile bags
Total: Lumber and
wood products (ex
cept furniture)
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg
hrly.
earn
ings
38. 4 $1.168
$55. 31
59. 26
41.0
40.9
$1,349
1. 449
Avg
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1950: Average
$38. 98
1951: Average......... . 41.53
36. 5 $1,068 $43. 45
36.3 1.144 45. 71
36. 7 $1.184 $42. 06
36.6 1.249 44.19
1951: June_________
July .................
August______
September__
O c to b e r ........
November___
December____
40.90
41.83
41. 59
41. 93
40. 15
42. 37
42. 79
36. 1
36. 5
36.2
35.9
34. 7
36.4
36.7
1.133
1. 146
1. 149
1. 168
1. 157
1.164
1.166
46.14
43. 61
46.28
46. 76
45. 68
47. 62
47.13
36.5
36.4
36.5
36. 7
36.0
37.0
37.2
1.264
1. 198
1.268
1.274
1.269
1.287
1. 267
44.59
43. 48
44.03
44.36
44. 41
44. 65
45. 74
37.5
37. 1
37. 7
37. 5
37.6
37.9
38.6
1.189
1. 172
1. 168
1. 183
1. 181
1.178
1.185
38. 27
38. 05
37.49
37.31
37.73
38.00
39.33
35.7
35.3
35.7
35.4
35.8
36. 5
37. 1
1.072
1.078
1. 050
1. 054
1. 054
1.041
1. 060
44. 03
44.00
45. 94
44. 92
45. 21
46. 21
47.60
37.6
37.8
38. 9
38.0
37.9
38.8
40.0
1.171
1. 164
1 181
1. 182
1.193
1.191
1.190
61. 51
57. 43
60. 49
61 51
62 32
60. 86
60. 18
41 9
39.8
40 9
40.6
41 3
40.6
40.8
1. 468
1. 443
1 479
1 515
1 509
1. 499
l. 475
1952: January...........
February____
March..............
April________
M ay ________
June_________
43 23
44. 29
43. 87
39. 87
42. 60
42.51
36.7
37.5
37.4
35.6
37.8
37.0
1.178
1.181
1.173
1.120
1.127
1.149
43 86
43.37
44. 39
42. 32
44. 03
44.98
36 1
36.2
36.3
34.8
36.0
36.1
1. 215
1.198
1.223
1.216
1. 223
1. 246
45.08
44. 96
45.15
44.15
45.91
45.85
38.3
38.1
38.2
37.1
38.1
38.3
1. 177
1.180
1.182
1.190
1.205
1.197
40.81
42.32
41.92
41. 27
42. 37
41. 21
38 9
39.7
39.4
38.5
39.3
38.3
1. 049
1.066
1.064
1.072
1.078
1.076
45. 31
45. 71
45.31
44.02
45. 65
46. 96
38.4
39.0
38.4
36. 5
36. 9
37. 9
1. 180
1.172
1. 180
1. 206
1.237
1. 239
57. 02
59. 11
59. 59
61.13
59.74
64. 37
40 1
40.6
40.4
40.7
41.0
42.1
1. 422
1.456
1. 475
1.502
1. 457
1. 529
36.3 $1. 057 $44.85
M an u factur ing—Cont in ued
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)—Continued
Sawm ills and planing mills, general
Logging camps and
contractors
Sawmills and plan
ing mills
38.9 $1,703 $54.95
39.3 1.816 58.73
South
United States
40.7 $1.350 $55. 53
40.5 1.450 59.58
40.5 $1,371 $38.90
40.5 1.471 41.19
Millwork, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural wood
products
West
38.7 $1.820 $60. 52
38.6 1. 965 64. 74
43.2
42. 4
$1. 401
1.527
79.31
72.38
77.57
79 01
79 57
78. 82
77.19
40.4
37.1
39.1
38.6
39 1
38.6
38.1
1.963
1.951
1.984
2.047
2.035
2. 042
2.026
65. 48
63. 56
64. 79
66.39
66. 94
62. 97
65. 15
42.8
41.6
42.1
42. 1
42. 5
40.6
41.9
1.530
1.628
1.539
1 577
1. 575
1. 551
1. 555
72.67
76. 76
76. 72
78. 80
78. 54
84. 54
36.3
38.4
38.0
38.8
38.5
41.0
2. 002
1.999
2.019
2 031
2. 040
2. 062
65. 06
65. 89
66.62
66. 87
64. 78
67.78
41. 6
41.7
41.9
41.9
41.5
42.6
1. 564
1.580
1.590
1.596
1. 561
1. 591
42.1 $0.924 $70. 43
.976 75.85
42.2
1950: Average........
1951: Average___
$66.25
71.37
1951: June.............
July..............
August____
September..
October____
N ovem ber..
D ecem ber...
77.10
62. 55
74.57
75. 63
79 99
79.38
74. 92
41.7
35.7
40.2
39.7
41.9
41.3
40.0
1.849
1.752
1.855
1.905
1.909
1.922
1.873
60.92
57. 46
60. 29
61.06
61.49
60. 56
59. 47
41.6
39.6
40.6
40.2
40 8
40.4
40.4
1.468
1. 451
1.485
1. 519
1.507
1.499
1.472
61.79
58.17
61.06
61.95
62. 42
61.49
60. 36
41.5
39.6
40.6
40. 2
40.8
40 4
40.4
1.489
1.469
1.504
1. 541
1.530
1.522
1.494
41.12
40.62
41.02
41.21
42. 37
41.75
42.03
42.0
41.7
41.9
41.8
42.8
42.3
42.5
.979
.974
.979
.986
.990
.987
.989
1952: January.......
February....
March_____
April.............
M ay .......... .
June..............
63. 46
72.82
72. 78
78. 85
65. 29
77.41
39.1
41.4
40.3
40.6
39.5
42.0
1.623
1.759
1.806
1.942
1. 653
1. 843
56. 56
58. 47
58.85
60. 37
60. 53
64.93
39.5
40.1
39.9
40.3
40.9
42.0
1. 432
1. 458
1.475
1.498
1.480
1. 546
57. 25
59.16
59.43
61. 30
61.36
66.01
39.4
40.0
39 7
40.3
40.8
42.1
1. 453
1.479
1.497
1.521
1.504
1. 568
41.92
41. 18
41.05
41.86
42. 94
43. 22
42. 3
41.6
41.3
41.9
42.9
43.0
.991
.990
.994
.999
1.001
1.005
Manufacturing—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)—Continued
Wooden containers
Millwork
Wooden boxes, other
than cigar
Miscellaneous wood
products
Total: Furniture
and fixtures
41.4 $1.137 $53.67
42.0 1.221 57. 72
41.9 $1.281 $51. 91
41.2 1. 401 54.84
41.9
40.8
$1. 239
1. 344
1.387
1.404
1.410
1.421
1. 420
1.431
1. 440
52.64
51.91
53. 64
55 32
55.94
56. 50
57. 75
39.7
38.8
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0
41.7
1.326
1.338
1.341
1. 356
1. 361
1.378
1.385
1. 442
1.452
1.469
1.465
1. 461
1.467
56. 46
57.31
57.55
56. 76
56.70
57. 31
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.5
40.7
1.377
1.391
1.407
1.405
1.400
1.408
43.2 $1.367 $46.03
42.1 1. 468 49.22
40.7 $1.311 $46.56
41.6 1.186 49. 54
41.5 $1.122 $47. 07
42.2 1.174 51.28
62.08
60. 54
62. 14
62. 81
64.20
61. 74
63. 09
42.2
41.1
42.1
42. 1
42.8
41.3
42.2
1.471
1.473
1.476
1. 492
1.500
1.495
1. 495
50.46
48. 63
48.87
49 93
50. 01
49. 48
51.07
42.3
40.9
41.0
41.3
41 5
41.3
42.0
1.193
1.189
1.192
1.209
1.205
1.198
1.216
50. 35
49. 27
48. 74
49. 42
49. 61
49.16
50.37
42.6
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.9
41.8
42.4
1.182
1.193
1.183
1. 188
1. 184
1. 176
1.188
52. 26
50. 75
51.29
52.38
51. 96
50. 92
52.08
42.8
41.7
41.9
41 9
41.6
40.8
41.7
1.221
1.217
1.224
1.250
1. 249
1.248
1. 249
56.03
55. 74
57. 53
58. 40
58. 79
58.81
60.48
40.4
39.7
40.8
41. 1
41.4
41.1
42.0
61.98
62. 00
63.11
63. 79
63.95
66.74
41.4
40.9
41.3
41.5
41.8
43.2
1.497
1. 516
1.528
1. 537
1. 530
1. 545
48. 63
48.64
49.37
49. 45
50.63
51.29
40.8
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.6
41.6
1.192
1.195
1.213
1. 218
1. 217
1. 233
48. 16
48.16
48.79
49. 64
50. 68
51.28
41.3
41.3
41.1
41.4
42.2
42.1
1.166
1.166
1.187
1.199
1.201
1. 218
51.75
52.21
52.83
52.67
53.59
54.06
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.9
42.2
1. 244
1.255
1.267
1.263
1.279
1.281
59. 84
60. 26
60.67
59. 48
59.75
60. 00
41.5
41.5
41.3
40.6
40.9
40.9
1950: Average___
1951: Average___
$59.05
61.80
1951: June______
Ju ly..............
August____
September..
October____
Novem ber..
D ecember..
1952: January___
February...
March.........
April_____
M ay______
June______
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Household furniture
342
T able
G: EARNINGS AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
M a n u fa c tu rin g —C o n tin u e d
F u r n itu r e a n d fix tu res—C o n tin u e d
W ood h ousehold
fu rn itu re , except
u p h o ls te re d
Y ear a n d m o n th
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
1950: A v erag e____
1951: A verage_____
$48. 39
50. 88
1951: J u n e ________
J u l y . , . ............
A u g u s t.......... .
S e p te m b e r ..
O c to b e r_____
N o v e m b e r...
D ecem b er___
1952: J a n u a r y _____
F e b r u a r y ___
M a r c h ______
A p ril________
M a y ________
J u n e ________
A vg.
w id y .
ho u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
W ood household furn itu re , u p h o ls te re d
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
ho u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
M a ttre s se s a n d
b ed sp rin g s
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
P a p e r a n d allied p ro d u c ts
O th e r fu rn itu re
a n d fix tu res
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
T o ta l: P a p e r a n d
allie d p ro d u c ts
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
Avg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
P u lp , p ap e r, a n d
p a p e rb o a rd m ills
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
42.3 $1.144 $56. 35
41.3 1.232 58.03
41.4 $1. 361 $57. 27
39.8 1.458 60.37
41.2 $1. 390 $58. 53
40.3 1.498 64.69
41.9 $1. 397 $61.14
42.2 1.533 65.77
43.3 $1.412 $65. 06
43.1 1. 526 71.17
43 9
44.4
$1.482
1.603
49. 45
47.50
50.10
50. 92
51.46
61.58
52.54
40.2
38.9
40.6
41.1
41.5
41.3
41.8
1.230
1.221
1.234
1.239
1.240
1.249
1. 257
55.11
54. 37
55. 59
58. 17
60.23
61.39
65.33
37.8
37.6
38.5
40.2
41.0
41.2
42. 7
1.458
1.446
1.444
1. 447
1. 469
1.490
1.530
56.47
58. 84
57. 97
62.23
62. 09
63.15
63. 08
39.6
39.2
39.3
40.7
40.5
40.4
40.8
1.426
1. 501
1.475
1.529
1. 533
1 563
1.546
63. 82
64.30
65. 92
65. 32
65. 30
64. 49
67. 07
42.1
41. 7
42.5
41.9
42. 1
41.5
42.8
1.516
1.542
1. 551
1. 559
1. 551
1.554
1.567
65. 56
65.44
64. 84
65. 57
65 32
65.64
66.68
43.1
42.8
42. 6
42.8
42. 5
42.4
42.8
1.521
1. 529
1. 522
1. 532
1. 537
1.548
1. 558
70. 84
71.73
70. 38
71. 29
71. 15
71 31
72. 22
44.3
44.5
44. 1
44 2
44 0
43.8
44.2
1.599
1.612
1 596
1.613
1 617
1 628
1. 634
51.87
52.37
51.89
51. 56
51. 53
51.82
41.4
41. 5
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.9
1.253
1. 262
1.275
1. 270
1. 266
1.267
59.12
62.34
63.28
62. 42
62. 41
63. 44
39.6
40.8
41.2
40.4
40.5
40.1
1.493
1.528
1.536
1. 545
1. 541
1. 582
63.45
63. 78
64.39
62. 92
62.92
64. 50
40.7
40.7
40.7
39.9
40.0
40.8
1. 559
1. 567
1. 582
1.577
1.573
1.581
67. 85
67. 22
67. 94
65.97
66. 85
66. 32
42.7
42.2
42.2
41.1
41.7
41.4
1.589
1. 593
1.610
1.605
1. 603
1.602
66.39
66. 57
67.48
65. 33
66. 38
67. 80
42.5
42.4
42.6
41.4
41.8
42.4
1. 562
1. 570
1. 584
1.578
1.588
1.599
71.29
71. 68
72. 93
69. 88
71.14
73. 05
43.6
43. 6
43.8
42. 2
42.6
43.3
1.635
1. 644
1. 665
1. 656
1.670
1. 687
M a n u fa c tu rin g —C o n tin u e d
P a p e r a n d allied p ro d u c ts- -C o n tin u e d
P a p e rb o a rd conta in e rs a n d boxes
O th e r p a p e r a n d
allie d p ro d u cts
P rin tin g , p u b lish in g , a n d allie d in d u stries
T o ta l: P rin tin g , p u b
lishing, a n d allied
in d u strie s
N ew sp a p ers
P erio d icals
B ooks
1950: Average____ $57. 96
1951: Average_____ 60. 65
43.0 $1.348 $55. 48
41. 8 1. 451 59.73
42.0 $1.321 $72.98
41.8
1.429 76.05
38.8 $1. 881 $80. 00
38.8 1. 960 83. 34
36.9 $2.168 $74.18
36.6 2.277 79.28
39.5 $1.878 $64. 08
1. 992 67.48
39.8
39 1
39.6
$1.639
1.704
1951: Jun e...............
July............
August_____
September__
October_____
November__
December___
60.05
58. 59
58. 92
59.12
58.93
59. 49
60. 77
41.5
40.6
40.8
41.0
40. 7
40. 8
41.2
1.447
1.443
1. 444
1. 442
1. 4 48
1.458
1. 475
60.15
58.95
59. 39
59.78
59.60
59.80
60. 76
42.3
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.3
41.1
41.5
1.422
1.424
1.431
1. 437
1.443
1.455
1. 464
75.82
75. 50
75. 54
77.69
76.27
77.09
79.43
38.8
38.6
38.7
39.2
38 6
38.7
39.4
1.954
1.956
1. 952
1. 982
1. 976
1.992
2.016
83.16
82. 36
82. 29
85. 13
84. 59
85.51
88.65
36.7
36.3
36.3
36.9
36.7
36.7
37.5
2.266
2.269
2. 267
2.307
2.305
2.330
2.364
77.70
79.64
80. 32
83.23
80.07
80. 48
80.11
39.3
39.7
40.0
40.7
39.7
39.8
39.5
1.977
2.006
2.008
2.045
2.017
2. 022
2.028
68. 99
66.20
68. 28
68. 69
66.31
66. 68
68. 03
40.3
39.1
40.0
40.1
39 4
39.2
39.6
1.712
1.693
1.707
1. 713
1.683
1. 701
1.718
1952: January..........
February___
M a rc h ..........
April_______
M ay________
J u n e...............
61.25
61. 13
61.67
60.18
61. 68
63.16
41.3
41. 0
41.1
40. 2
40. 9
41.8
1.483
1. 491
1.498
1. 497
1. 508
1.511
60. 90
60. 64
61.59
60.65
60. 51
61.05
41.4
41.0
41.5
40.9
40.8
41.0
1.471
1. 479
1.484
1.483
1.483
1.489
77. 28
77. 64
79.06
78. 23
79.75
79. 93
38.6
38.4
38.7
38.2
38.6
38.8
2.002
2. 022
2.043
2.048
2.066
2. 060
83.13
84.19
84. 55
85. 02
87.24
87. 09
35.8
36. 1
36.1
36.1
36.5
36.5
2.322
2.332
2.342
2. 355
2. 390
2. 386
78. 67
81. 69
84.24
80. 99
81.94
82. 74
39.1
40.2
40.5
39.2
39.7
40.4
2.012
2. 032
2.080
2. 066
2.084
2. 048
68.19
68. 56
69. 36
69. 68
70. 22
69. 70
39.3
39 0
39.3
39. 1
39. 1
39.4
1.735
1. 758
1. 765
1.782
1.796
1.769
M a n u fa c tu rin g —C o n tin u e d
P rin tin g , p u b lish in g , a n d allied In d u s trie s —C o n tin u e d
C om m ercial p rin tin g
L ith o g ra p h in g
C hem icals a n d allied p ro d u cts
O th e r p rin tin g a n d
p u b lish in g
T o ta l: C hem icals
a n d allied p ro d u c ts
In d u s tr ia l in o rg an ic
chem icals
I n d u s tr ia l o rganic
ch em icals
1950: Average_____ $72. 34
1951: Average_____ 75.36
39.9 $1.813 $73.04
40. 0 1.884 75. 99
40.0 $1.826 $65.18
40.1
1.895 67.42
39.1 $1.667 $62. 67
39.2 1. 720 68.22
41.5 $1. 510 $67. 89
41.8 1.632 75.13
40.9 $1.660 $65. 69
41.6 1. 806 71.62
40.6
40.9
$1.618
1. 751
1951: Juno________
July_________
August______
September___
O ctober...........
November___
December____
74.86
74. 86
74. 77
76. 99
75.13
76.57
78. 75
39.8
39.8
39.9
40. 5
39. 5
39. 9
40. 7
1.881
1.881
1.874
1. 901
1 902
1.919
1. 935
75.95
76. 42
77.09
77.81
75. 96
75.56
78.47
40.1
40.2
40. 3
40.4
40.0
39.6
40.7
1.894
1.901
1.913
1. 926
1.899
1.908
1. 928
67.11
66. 44
65.96
67. 70
67.22
66.99
69.38
39.2
38.9
38.8
39. 2
38.9
38.7
39.6
1.712
1.708
1.700
1. 727
1. 728
1.731
1. 752
68.72
69.01
68.18
68. 43
68.18
68. 72
69.10
41.7
41.6
41.5
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.8
1.648
1.659
1. 643
1.641
1.631
1.644
1. 653
75. .50
76. 36
76.03
76.13
76. 45
76.36
75.89
41.9
42.0
42.1
41.6
41.8
41.5
41.0
1.802
1.818
1.806
1.830
1.829
1.840
1.851
72. 48
73.06
71.67
72. 54
71.17
71.63
72.45
41.3
41. 3
41. 0
40 8
40 3
40 4
40.7
1. 755
1. 769
1.748
1. 778
1. 766
1. 773
1.780
1952: January............
February____
March..............
April________
M ay.................
June..................
78.18
77. 26
79. 55
78. 21
79.88
80. i 2
40.3
39. 7
40.3
39. 5
40.0
40. 3
1.940
1. 946
1.974
1.980
1.997
2. 003
76.40
77. 14
78.96
77.93
79.08
81.04
39.2
39.1
39.6
39.2
39.5
40.0
1.949
1.973
1.994
1.988
2.002
2.026
68.99
68. 84
70. 71
69.45
69. 76
68. 34
39.4
38.5
39.0
38.5
38.8
38.5
1.751
1. 788
1.813
1.804
1.798
1.775
69.06
68.81
69.18
69. 09
69. 56
70. 39
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.0
40.8
40.9
1.660
1. 662
1.675
1.685
1.705
1.721
76. 74
75. 46
75. 70
76. 55
76. 56
77. 56
41.3
40.9
40.7
41.0
40.9
41.1
1.858
1.845
1.860
1. 867
1.872
1.887
72.11
72. 02
72.54
73. 20
73. 41
73.95
40.4
40. 3
40.3
40. 2
40. 2
40.3
1.785
1. 787
1.800
1. 821
1.826
1.835
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
REYIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
343
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Year and month
Plastics, except syn
thetic rubber
Avg.
wkly,
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Synthetic rubber
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Synthetic fibers
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Drugs and medicines
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Paints, pigments,
and fillers
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
42.3 $1,532 $47.00
41.9 1.643 52.16
41.3
42.2
$1 138
1.236
1.632
1. 647
1. 639
1. 655
1.664
1.679
1.677
52 96
54.36
52. 67
54.02
52. 92
53. 09
54. 95
42 0
42 6
41 6
42 4
41 9
41 9
42.6
1.261
1.276
1.266
1.274
1. 263
1.267
1.290
1.693
1.711
1.713
1.716
1.726
1.686
54. 23
53. 76
54. 23
57. 14
55.75
57. 00
42. 2
42. 1
42.7
44.4
42.2
42.7
1. 285
1. 277
1.270
1.287
1.321
1.335
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1950: Average_____ $65. 54
1951: Average_____ 72. 66
41.8 $1,568 $71. 93
42.0 1.730 78.31
40.8 $1,763 $58. 40
41.0 1.910 62. 76
39.3 $1,486 $59. 59
39.4 1. 593 62.51
40.9 $1,457 $64. 80
41.1 1. 521 68.84
1951: June________
J u ly ........... .
August______
September__
October..........
72.15
73. 91
72.36
74. 55
72. 36
73.49
73. 61
41.9
42.6
41.9
42.5
41.3
41.4
41.4
1.722
1.735
1.727
1. 754
1.752
1.775
1.778
78.40
79 32
79. 12
78. 44
76. 86
80. 42
81.20
41.2
41.1
41. 1
40.6
40.2
41.2
41.6
1.903
1.930
1.925
1.932
1.912
1.952
1.952
62. 69
63.32
62. 53
63.54
62. 86
63.10
63.91
39.6
39. 5
39.4
39.1
38.9
38.9
39.4
1. 583
1.603
1.587
1.625
1.616
1.622
1.622
62.36
61.63
62.00
61.90
63. 61
63.59
63. 67
41.3
40.2
40.6
40.3
41.0
41.0
41.0
1.510
1. 533
1. 527
1.536
1.549
1.551
1.553
67.86
68. 56
69. 85
70. 27
42.0
41.8
41. 7
41.0
41.2
41.6
41.9
1952: January..........
February____
M arch............
A p ril..............
M ay________
J u n e............. .
73. 86
72. 69
73. 36
72. 54
73. 69
75.15
41.4
40. 7
40.8
40.3
40.4
41.0
1.784
1. 786
1.798
1.800
1. 824
1.833
78.86
77. 62
77.84
78.83
76. 56
79. 03
40.4
40.3
40.0
40.2
39. 1
40.2
1.952
1.926
1.946
1. 961
1. 958
1.966
63.38
64. 06
65.18
67. 28
65. 82
65.93
39.0
39.4
39.6
40.0
39.6
39.6
1.625
1 . 626
1.646
1 . 682
1 . 662
1. 665
64. 25
64. 93
64. 55
63.00
62. 25
61. 97
40.9
41. 2
40.8
40.0
39.2
39.0
1.571
1. 576
1. 582
1. 575
1. 588
1.589
69. 63
69.41
70.66
69. 89
71.39
71.63
41.3
41.0
41.3
40.8
41.6
41.5
68. 54
68.84
68. 35
Fertilizers
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Products of petroleum and coal
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Vegetable and ani
mal oils and fats
1950: A verage...
1951: A verage...
$53. 46
58.60
1951: June_____
July...........
August__
September
October__
November
D ecem ber.
1952: January...
February..
M arch___
April____
M ay_____
June_____
Other chemicals and
allied products
Soap and glycerin
Total: Products of
petroleum and coal
45.5 $1,175 $64.41
46.0 1. 274 69.31
41.5 $1,552 $71.81
41.7 1.662 77.11
41.7 $1,722 $75.01
41.5 1.858 81.30
60.43
61.59
59.81
58. 43
58. 82
58 95
59. 65
44.3
44.5
44.4
47.7
49.1
48.6
48.3
1.364
1.384
1.347
1.225
1.198
1.213
1.235
68.19
69. 22
69. 55
70.47
70.72
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.4
41.4
41.6
41.5
1.646
1.659
1.651
1.672
1.680
1.694
1.704
75.48
76.40
75.91
76.86
77. 39
79.25
79.06
40.8
40.9
40.9
41.1
41.1
41.6
41.2
1.856
1.870
1.883
1.905
1.919
81.20
84.06
80.55
83.21
81.72
81.28
82.94
40.7
41.8
40.6
41.4
40.9
40.7
41.2
59. 53
58.79
59.16
60. 08
61.48
62.94
47.4
46.4
45.4
44.7
44.1
44.8
1. 256
1. 267
1.303
1.344
1.394
1.405
70. 38
70. 46
70.71
69. 69
70.57
71.49
41.4
41.3
41.3
40.8
41.1
41.3
1.700
1. 706
1.712
1.708
1.717
1.731
77. 79
77.93
78.65
77. 80
78. 50
79. 26
40.9
40.8
40.9
40.5
40.8
40.5
1.902
1.910
1.923
1.921
1.924
1. 957
82. 66
82. 09
82.09
82. 34
75.16
84. 37
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.5
37.3
40.7
68.14
68.68
1.850
1.868
Petroleum refining
40.9 $1. 834 $77.93
41.0 1.983 84.70
1.995
2.011
1.984
2.010
1.998
1.997
2.013
2 . 021
2.0 12
2.017
2.033
2.015
2. 073
40.4 $1,929 $62.85
40.7 2.081 69. 47
39.7
39.9
$1,583
1.741
70.42
70 62
69. 20
69 32
70.35
40.1
40.5
39.5
39. 9
39. 7
39.5
40.2
1 756
1.750
1.741
1 770
1. 743
1.755
1. 750
70.05
70. 46
69. 48
68. 53
67.85
63.58
39 6
39.9
39.5
38.5
38.4
35.9
1.769
1 766
1. 759
1. 780
1. 767
1.771
84. 76
87.94
83. 70
86. 60
84.68
84.89
87.14
40.4
41.6
40.2
41. 1
40.4
40.6
41.3
2.098
2.114
2.082
2. 107
2. 096
2. 09!
86. 67
41.0
40.7
40.5
40.3
35.6
40.5
2.114
2. 104
85.63
85. 50
85. 68
76. 22
88. 21
Coke and byproducts
2 .110
2 .1 1 1
2.126
2.141
2.178
70. 88
68. 77
Manufacturing—Continued
Products of petro
leum and coal—Con.
Other petroleum and
coal products
Total: Rubber
products
Tires and inner
tubes
Rubber footwear
1950: Average_____ $66. 78
1951: Average.......... 69.09
44.7 $1.494 $64.42
43.7 1.581 68.70
40.9 $1,575 $72.48
40.6 1.692 77. 93
39.8 $1.821 $52. 21
39.6 1.968 57.81
1951; June________
July_________
August______
September___
October...........
N ovem ber___
December........
67.69
69.09
70.68
72. 44
72. 74
67.37
64.75
43.5
43.7
44.4
44.8
44.9
42.4
41.4
1.567
1.581
1.592
1. 617
1.620
1.589
1.564
71.27
70.81
69.52
70. 18
68. 67
69. 46
73.91
41.9
41.0
40.7
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.2
1.701
1.727
1.708
1. 716
1.704
1.715
1.794
82.44
83.67
82.07
81.64
78. 76
80. 27
86.26
41.7
41.4
41.2
40.9
39.9
40.5
41.0
1952: January.........
February____
M arch_______
April________
M ay ________
June_________
64.88
67. 43
68.95
70. 54
76. 02
75. 33
41.3
42.3
42.8
43.3
45.6
45.6
1. 571
1. 594
1 . 611
1. 629
1.667
1. 652
74.19
73.31
72. 58
71.40
72.74
74.48
40.9
40. 5
40.3
39.6
40.1
40.7
1.814
1.810
1.801
1.803
1.814
1.830
86.99
85.75
83.46
81.90
83. 11
86. 35
40.9
40. 6
39.8
39.3
39.5
40.5
See footnote a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Leather and leather
products
Rubber products
1.977
2.021
1.992
1.996
1.974
1.982
2.104
2.127
2 . 112
2. 097
2.084
2.104
2.132
Other rubber
products
40.1 $1,302 $59. 76
41.0 1.410 63. 26
Total: Leather and
leather products
42.2 $1,416 $44.56
41.4 1.528 47. 10
37.6
37.0
$1.185
1.273
59.98
54.68
57.04
55. 94
56.16
56.64
59.95
42.3
39.0
40.8
40.1
40.0
40.2
40.7
1.418
1.402
1.398
1.395
1.404
1.409
1.473
64. 47
63. 29
61.42
63.06
62. 68
62.36
65.45
42.0
41.1
40.3
41.0
40. 7
40 6
41.5
1.535
1.540
1.524
1. 538
1.540
1.536
1. 577
46.90
47.12
46. 19
45 92
45. 31
45.85
48. 61
36.7
37.1
36.4
35.9
35.4
35.6
37.8
1.278
1. 270
1.279
1 . 280
1.288
1.286
60.27
60. 46
61. 51
59. 42
60. 76
61. 26
40.1
39.8
40.2
39. 3
40.0
40.2
1.503
1. 519
1.530
1.512
1. 519
1. 524
65. 63
64. 43
64.83
63. 68
65.28
65.93
41.2
40.6
40.8
39.9
40.7
41.0
1. 593
1. 587
1.589
1. 596
1.604
1.608
49. 54
50. 19
50.46
48. 53
48. 49
50. 22
38.4
38.7
38.7
37.1
37.1
38.1
1. 290
1. 297
1.304
1.308
1.307
1.318
1 . 268
344
T able
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Leather and leather products—Continued
Year and month
Footwear (except
rubber)
Leather
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Stone, clay, and glass products
Other leather
products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Glass and glass
products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Glass containers
Avg.
Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earnings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40 3 $1. 528 $56 36
40.2 1.637 60. 67
39.8
40 1
$1,416
1.513
1950: Average_____ $57. 21
1051: Average_____ 60.41
39.7 $1,441 $41 99
39.1 1. 545 44.10
36.9 $1.138 $44. 85
36.0 1. 225 48.16
38. 6 $1 165 $59. 20
38.5 1.251 64. 94
41.2 $1. 437 $61. 58
41.6 1. 561 65. 81
1951: June_______
60. 30
J u l y ................. 59. 44
August...........
58. 94
September___ 58.94
October_____
60. 37
November___ 59. 98
December___ 61.11
38.8
38. 5
38. 1
38.3
38.9
38.3
38.9
1. 554
1. 544
1. 547
1.539
1.552
1.566
1.571
43.79
44. 39
43.29
42.73
41.83
41.93
45. 57
35.6
36.3
35.4
34 6
33.9
33.9
36.9
1.230
1.223
1.223
1.235
1.234
1.237
1.235
48. 24
47. 85
47 88
48. 04
47.08
48 79
50.17
38.5
38.4
38 3
38. 1
37.6
38.6
39.5
1. 253
1.246
1.250
1.261
1.252
1.264
1.270
65. 25
65. 04
64. 74
65. 74
65. 93
65. 03
65. 30
41 8
41 4
41. 5
41. 5
41.7
40.9
41.2
1. 561
1. 571
1 560
1. 584
1.581
1.590
1.585
65. 97
67 14
63.19
65 40
65. 67
65. 50
66.28
40.4
40. 4
39 2
39.3
39 8
39.2
40.0
1.633
1.662
1 612
1.664
1.650
1.671
1.657
59 sg
61 44
58. 45
59 40
61.21
62.22
64. 48
39.9
40 5
39.1
38. 4
39 9
40.3
41.6
1. 501
1. 517
1.495
1. 547
1. 534
1. 544
1.550
1952: January_____
February____
M arch______
April___ ____
M ay________
June________
39.1
39.0
39.0
38.8
38.9
40.2
1.581
1. 584
1.584
1.588
1.591
1.608
47. 52
48. 52
49.15
46. 57
46. 06
48.11
38.2
38.6
38.7
36.7
36.5
37.7
1.244
1.257
1.270
1.269
1.262
1.276
48.92
49.17
48.80
47.66
48. 51
48. 74
38.7
38.9
38.7
37.5
37.9
38.2
1.264
1. 264
1.261
1. 271
1 . 280
1.276
64. 35
65.23
65.76
64. 88
65. 52
65.85
40.6
41.0
41.1
40. 5
40.9
40.8
1.585
1. 591
1.600
1 . 602
1.602
1.614
64.14
65. 54
66.59
65.16
66. 22
66.50
38.8
39. 6
39.9
38.9
39.7
39.3
1.653
1. 655
1. 669
1.675
«0 92
60. 76
61.89
60.76
62. 41
62.61
39. 2
39. 1
39.6
38.6
39.8
39.6
1.554
1. 554
1,563
1. 574
1. 568
1.581
61.82
61. 78
61.78
61.61
61.89
64.64
1.668
1. 692
Manufacturing—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Pressed and blown
glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay
products
1950: A verage____ $53.71
1951: Average____
57.50
39.7 $1,353 $60.13
39.9 1.441 65.17
41.7 $1,442 $54.19
41.8 1. 559 61.01
1951: June__ . . .
J u ly ________
August...........
September___
October_____
November___
December___
56.34
60.16
56.56
58.23
56. 64
56.70
58. 76
39.4
40.9
39.5
39 8
39. 2
38.6
40.3
1.430
1.471
1.432
1. 463
1.445
1.469
1.458
65.71
65.78
66.72
67. 01
66. 56
65.64
65. 27
41.8
41.4
42.2
41.8
42.1
41.7
41.6
1.572
1.589
1.581
1.603
1. 581
1.574
1.569
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
M a y ........... .
June_______
58. 12
59. 99
60. 51
59. 30
59. 84
60. 04
39.4
40.7
40.5
39.3
39.6
39.5
1.475
1. 474
1.494
1.509
1. 511
1. 520
65.05
65. 81
65.27
65. 89
66. 39
41.3
42.0
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.3
1. 575
1. 567
1.569
1. 584
1.592
1.601
66.12
Brick and hollow
tile
Pottery and related
products
Sewer pipe
40.5 $1.338 $53. 75
41.5 1.470 58. 09
42.9 $1,253 $52.17
42.9 1.354 58.19
39.7 $1,314 $52.16
40.1 1.451 57. 65
37.5
38.1
$1,391
1.513
61.51
60.96
61. 63
61.98
63. 34
61.98
62.13
41.9
41.5
41.9
41.4
42.2
41.4
41.5
1.468
1.469
1.471
1.497
1.501
1.497
1.497
59.25
58. 49
58. 71
58. 58
59. 91
57.34
57. 92
43.6
43.2
43.2
42.7
43.6
42.1
42.4
1.359
1.354
1.359
1.372
1.374
1.362
1.366
57. 47
55. 57
59. 30
59. 41
62.10
61.11
60.25
40.3
38.7
40.7
39.5
41.1
40.5
39.9
1.426
1. 436
1.457
1.504
1.511
1.509
1.510
57.04
55. 37
57.04
56. 96
58 06
58. 79
59. 40
37.8
36.5
37. 4
37 3
37. 8
38 . 0
38 2
1.509
1.517
1.525
1.527
1. 536
1 547
1.555
61.21
60. 48
60.41
59. 70
59. 67
60.40
41.0
40. 7
40.6
40.2
40. 1
40.4
1. 493
1.486
1.488
1.485
1.488
1.495
55. 62
56. 22
56. 63
57.11
58.08
59. 57
41.2
41.8
41.7
41.9
42.8
43.2
1.350
1.345
1.358
1.363
1. 357
1. 379
58. 37
56. 76
59.09
60. 39
53.07
59.01
39.2
38.3
39.5
40.1
35.5
38.9
1.489
1.482
1. 496
1. 506
1.495
1.517
58. 97
60. 92
61.86
60. 40
60.60
60. 24
37.8
39.0
39.3
38.3
38.5
38.2
1.560
1. 562
1.574
1. 577
1. 574
1. 577
Manufacturing—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Concrete, gypsum,
and plaster products
Concrete products
Primary metal industries
Other stone, clay,
and glass products
Total: Primary
metal industries
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills
Iron and steel
foundries
1050: Average
$62. 64
1951: Average_____ 68. 37
45.0 $1.392 $61.15
45.4 1.506 67.41
43.9 $1. 393 $60. 94
45.0 1.498 67. 67
41.4 $1. 472 $67. 24
41.8 1.619 75.12
40.8 $1. 648 $67. 47
41.5 1.810 77.06
39.9 $1. 691 $65. 32
40.9 1.884 71.95
41.9
42.4
$1. 559
1.697
1951: June____ _
J u l y . . . ____
August ............
September___
October_____
Novem her___
December.......
69. 13
69.14
70. 34
70.71
70. 82
69.06
67. 98
45.9
45.7
46.4
46.4
46.2
44.9
44.4
1. 506
1.513
1.516
1. 524
1. 533
1.538
1. 531
67. 80
69.07
69. 49
69 89
70.12
68.67
68.36
45. 5
46.2
45.9
46.1
46.1
45.0
44.8
1. 400
1. 495
1.514
1. 516
1.521
1.526
1.526
67. 32
67. 93
68. 35
67. 81
66. 94
67. 73
42.0
41.4
41.7
41.7
41.4
40.4
41.1
1.626
1.626
1.629
1. 639
1.638
1.657
1.648
76. 03
74. 76
73. 70
75. 79
74.82
75.23
77.73
41.8
41.1
40.9
41.3
41.2
41 2
42.2
1.819
1.819
1.802
1. 835
1.816
1.826
1.842
78.70
77. 64
75. 25
78.72
75.79
77. 49
79. 44
41.4
40.8
40.2
41.0
40.4
41.0
41.9
1.901
1.903
1.872
1.920
1.876
1.890
1.896
72.08
70 22
70. 85
71.82
72. 24
71.37
73.69
42.5
41 6
41.9
42.1
42.0
41.4
42.4
1.696
1 . 688
1. 691
1. 706
1. 720
1.724
1.738
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
M ay________
June_________
67. 49
68. 44
67.83
69. 22
70. 04
71.21
44.4
44.5
44.1
44.6
45.1
45.3
1.520
1. 538
1.538
1. 552
1. 553
1. 572
66.66
68. 75
44.5
45.2
43.6
44.4
45.2
46.3
1.498
1. 521
1.517
1. 534
1.532
1. 555
67.52
68. 46
69. 45
67. 69
68. 45
68.06
40.6
40.7
41.0
40.1
40.5
40.2
1.663
1.682
1.694
76. 86
75. 85
76.55
71.53
73.02
71.55
41.5
41. 2
41.4
39.0
39.6
39.1
1.852
1.841
1.849
1.834
1.844
1.830
77.93
76. 53
78.33
70.16
71.89
64.47
40.8
40.6
41.4
37.4
38.1
33.7
1.910
1.885
1.892
1.876
1. 887
1.913
72. 86
72. 32
72.02
71.00
72.15
72. 43
41.8
41.3
40.9
40.5
40.9
40.9
1.743
1.751
1.761
1.753
1.764
1.771
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
66.14
68.11
69.25
72. 00
68 20
1.688
1.690
1. 693
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
345
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
M anufacturing—C on tinued
Primary metal industries—Continued
Year and month
Gray-iron foundries
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Malleable-iron
foundries
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Steel foundries
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Prim ary sm elting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
Prim ary sm elting
and refining of
copper, lead, and
zinc
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Primary refining of
aluminum
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1950: Average........... $65 06
1951: Average............ 70 01
42.3 $1. 538 $65 46
42.2 1.659 71.98
41.3 $1. 585 $65. 43
41.9 1.718 75. 68
41.1 $1. 592 $63. 71
43.1 1. 756 70.13
41.0 $1. 554 $62.37
41.4 1.694 69.34
40.9 $1. 525 $63 97
41.3 1.679 70. 92
40.9
41.5
$1 564
1.709
1951: June................
July ..............
A ugust______
September___
October ____
November___
December____
1 658
1 650
1.658
1. 665
1. 678
1 . 682
1.693
71 20
69 37
71 39
71.84
71. 69
70. 79
72.99
41 3
40 9
41 6
41. 5
41.2
40.5
41.4
1.724
1 696
1. 716
1. 731
1. 740
1.748
1.763
76 29
74 45
74 99
76 33
76 64
76. 37
79. 56
43.3
42.3
42 9
43.2
43.2
430
44.1
1.762
1. 760
1. 748
1.767
1. 774
1.776
1.804
70 73
69.90
70. 46
68.64
70. 47
69. 95
71.58
41.9
40 9
41.4
40.4
41.6
41.1
41.4
1.688
69.72
1.709
1.702
1. 699
1.694
1.702
1.729
68. 26
69.47
68. 96
70. 43
42. 5
41 3
41.5
41. 4
41 4
41.0
41.6
69.84
67 31
70 01
69.17
72.44
41.7
40.2
41.4
39.9
41.6
41.1
41.8
1.672
1.698
1.687
1.687
1. 683
1. 683
1.733
72 63
72.93
71 39
71 05
72.24
71.70
69 12
42.4
42.4
41 6
41. 5
42 1
41.3
40.4
1 713
1 720
1. 716
1. 712
1 716
1.736
1. 711
70.59
68. 75
69.63
68.60
69.01
68. 76
41.4
40.3
40.6
40.0
40. 1
40.0
1.705
1. 706
1.715
1.715
1.721
1.719
70. 79
70. 09
68.85
68. 58
70.90
71. 76
40.2
39.8
38.9
38.7
39.5
39.6
1.761
1.761
1.770
1.772
1.795
1.812
77.01
78. 78
76.97
75.20
76. 93
79.20
42.9
43. 5
42.2
41.8
42.5
43.3
1.795
1.811
1.824
1.799
1.810
1. 829
73. 54
73. 17
74. 03
73. 33
73.96
73.89
41.5
41.6
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.3
1.772
1. 759
1.771
1.767
1.778
1. 789
74.82
73. 77
74.67
73. 88
73.91
74.77
41.8
41.7
41.9
41.6
41.5
41.4
1.790
1. 769
1.782
1.776
1.781
1.806
71.60
72. 19
72.15
72. 10
75.15
72. 98
41.8
41.9
41.8
41.7
42.7
41.8
1.713
1.723
1.726
1.729
1.760
1.746
1952: January........ .
February____
M arch_______
April________
M ay ________
J u n e.................
70 47
68. 15
68 81
68 93
M anufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries—Continued
R o llin g , draw ing,
and alloying of
nonferrous metals
R o llin g , d raw ing,
and alloying of
copper
$66. 75
1950: Average.......
1951: Average........... 68.70
41.9 $1. 593 $70. 24
40.7 1.688 70. 47
1951: June________
July ................
A ugust______
September___
October ____
November___
December____
69. 37
68. 76
67. 15
67. 64
68. 61
68. 94
73.00
40.9
40.4
39.9
40.0
40. 6
40.6
42.1
1.696
1.702
1.683
1.691
1. 690
1.698
1.734
72. 22
71.92
69 53
69.41
70 54
69.04
75. 35
41.6
41. 5
40.4
40. 4
40.8
40.0
42.5
1.736
1.733
1.721
1.718
1. 729
1. 726
1.773
1952: January........ .
February____
M arch_______
April....... .........
M ay ________
June________
71.54
70. 21
70. 74
69. 85
70. 77
71.03
41.4
40.7
40.7
40.4
40.6
40.8
1.728
1. 725
1.738
1.729
1.743
1.741
73. 37
71.33
72.11
71.33
72. 10
73. 39
41.5
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.3
41.0
1.768
1. 770
1.785
1.770
1.789
1.790
R o llin g , draw ing,
and alloying of
aluminum
42.7 $1.645 $59. 99
40.9 1.723 64.14
Nonferrous foundries Other primary metal
industries
40.1 $1. 496 $67. 65
39.4 1.628 73.83
41.5 $1.630 $71.27
41.9 1.762 79 45
63.29
62.33
62.17
63.36
64.39
66. 50
67.07
38.9
37.8
38.4
38. 4
39. 6
40.4
40.6
1.627
1.649
1.619
1. 650
1 . 626
1.646
1.652
73. 57
71. 43
72. 73
74. 76
75. 08
74. 48
77. 97
41.8
40.7
41.3
42.0
41. 9
41.4
42.7
1.760
1. 755
1. 761
1. 780
1. 792
1. 799
1.826
67.15
66. 21
40.6
40.2
40.1
40. 2
40.2
39.4
1.654
1. 647
1. 640
1.647
1.661
1. 654
78. 88
70. 94
77.24
74.79
75.05
75.79
42.8
42.0
42.0
40.8
40.7
41.1
1.843
1. 832
1.839
1.833
1.844
1. 844
66.00
66. 21
66. 77
65.17
Iron and steel
forgings
41.9 $1. 701 $74.09
42.6 1. 865 84 87
41.6
43.3
$1. 781
1 960
80.31
78.32
78.51
79.21
80 49
80. 39
83.69
42.9
42 2
42.3
42.0
42. 7
42 4
43.5
1. 885
1.896
1.924
1 886
85. 91
82. 15
83.22
84 14
87 21
85. 46
91. 10
43.7
42.3
42.7
42 6
43.8
42.9
44.7
1.966
1.942
1.949
1.975
1.991
1.992
2.038
82.75
83.01
81.79
77.40
78.61
77.75
43.1
43.1
42.4
40.5
41.2
40.6
1.920
1.926
1.929
1.911
1.908
1.915
91.30
89. 85
87. 51
84. 44
84. 42
83.89
44.8
44.0
43.0
41.8
42.0
41.8
2.038
2.042
2.035
1.872
1. 856
1.856
2.020
2.010
2. 007
M anufacturing—Continued
Primary metal in
dustries—Con.
Wire drawing
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)
T otal: F ab ricated
m e ta l p r o d u cts
(except ordnance,
m achinery, and
tr a n s p o r ta tio n
equipment)
1950: Average........... $73. 79
1951: Average_____ 80.15
42.9 $1. 720 $63. 42
43.0 1.864 69. 35
1951: June........ .........
J u ly ___ ____
A ugust______
September___
October______
November___
December____
80. 44
81.00
79 09
80. 06
78. 70
80.33
81.00
42.9
43.5
42.8
42. 7
42. 2
42.5
42.9
1.875
1.862
1.848
1.875
1.865
1.890
1952: January______
February____
March______
April________
M ay ____ ____
June..................
78.58
79. 34
79.04
70.16
76. 27
76. 49
41.6
42.0
41.8
37. 6
40.7
40.6
1.889
1.889
1.891
S ee fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.888
1.866
1.874
1.884
69. 43
67.98
Tin cans and other
tinware
41.4 $1. 532 $60.90
41.7 1.663 66. 45
1.661
1.658
1.663
1 . 682
64. 95
70. 14
70. 39
69. 92
71.78
41.8
41.0
41.3
41.7
41. 7
41.4
42.3
1.689
1.697
1.688
69. 69
72. 11
68 52
66. 50
68. 51
71.06
71. 27
71.43
69. 64
70. 78
69. 80
41.8
41.8
41.7
40.7
41.2
40.7
1.700
1. 705
1.713
1.711
1.718
1.715
65. 65
67.57
66.87
66.17
68. 27
68 68
66.68
66.22
Cutlery, hand tools,
and hardware
41.6 $1. 464 $61.01
41.3 1.609 66.47
Cutlery and edge
tools
Hand tools
41.5 $1. 470 $55. 54
41.7 1. 594 60. 53
41.7 $1 332 $61.31
41.6 1.455 69 49
41 2
42. 5
$1. 488
1 635
40.8
41.6
42.7
43.1
41.3
40.7
41.9
1. 592
1.603
1.632
1. 673
1.659
1.634
1.635
67.13
65. 47
65. 84
66.41
66. 78
66. 74
68. 21
41.8
41.1
41.2
41.2
41.3
41.3
42.0
1.606
1. 593
1.598
1.612
1.617
1 . 616
1.624
60. 55
58.65
59. 18
60 55
60 31
60.87
62 36
41.5
40.7
40.7
41.3
41.0
41.1
41.6
1.459
1. 441
1.454
1. 466
1. 471
1.481
1.499
70.39
68 50
69 32
69 09
69 30
68. 06
69 68
43.0
42. 1
42. 5
42 0
41 9
41. 1
42. 1
1.637
l 627
1.631
1. 645
1. 654
1. 656
1. 655
40.5
40.4
41.1
40.6
40.3
41.5
1.635
1. 625
1.644
1.647
1.642
1.645
67. 81
67. 57
67.32
66. 86
67. 39
67.76
41.6
41.2
40.8
40. 3
40. 5
40.5
1.630
1 . 640
1.650
1. 659
1. 664
1. 673
61.49
61.39
61.01
60. 37
62. 32
62.50
40.8
40.6
40.3
39.9
40.6
40.4
1.507
1. 512
1.514
1. 513
1. 535
1. 547
69.26
69.35
69.26
68.97
69.47
68. 14
41.9
41.7
41.5
41.2
41.3
40.9
1.653
1 663
1.609
1.674
1 . 682
1 . 666
346
MONTHLY LABOR
G: E AR N IN G S AND HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnanoe, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
Year and month
Hardware
Avg. Avg.
wVly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies
Sanitary ware and
plumbers’ supplies
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Oil burners, non
electric heating and
cookine apparatus,
not elsewhere
classified
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Fabricated struc
tural metal products
Structural steel and
ornamental
metalwork
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1950:
1951:
Average _________
Average............
$02. 65
6 6 .7 0
4 1 .6
4 1 .3
$ 1 .5 0 6
1 .6 1 5
$ 6 3 .9 1
69. 58
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
$1. 555
1 .6 9 7
$ 6 7 .6 4
75. 03
4 1 .6
4 1 .8
$ 1 .6 2 6
1 .7 9 5
$ 6 1 .2 0
6 5 .9 3
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
$ 1 .5 0 0
1 .6 2 4
$63. 29
7 1 .7 4
4 1 .1
4 2 .6
$ 1 .5 4 0
1 .6 8 4
$63. 23
71. 61
4 1 .3
4 2 .3
$ 1 .5 3 1
1 .69»
1951:
June..................
July _______
August........... September__
October ...............
6 7 .5 6
6 6 .1 4
6 6 .3 0
66 67
67. 32
67. 52
6 9 .0 9
4 1 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
41 2
4 1 .4
4 2 .0
1 .6 3 2
1.621
1.6 2 1
1 .6 3 4
1. 634
1. 631
1. 645
6 9 .5 0
6 7 .4 0
6 7 .2 3
69. 89
70. 65
69. 53
7 1 .4 9
4 1 .2
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .4
4 1 .3
1 .6 8 7
1 .7 0 2
1 .6 8 5
1. 713
1 .7 1 9
1 .7 2 1
1 .7 3 1
7 6 .0 1
7 4 .1 3
7 0 .9 2
75. 84
75. 58
72. 96
75. 84
4 2 .8
4 1 .0
3 9 .8
4 1 .4
4 1 .3
4 0 .0
4 1 .4
1 .7 7 6
1 .8 0 8
1 .7 8 2
1.& 32
1 .8 3 0
1 .8 2 4
1 .8 3 2
6 4 .8 0
6 2 .3 4
6 4 .2 4
65. 61
66. 91
6 6 .9 1
6 8 .2 7
4 0 .1
3 8 .6
3 9 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
4 1 .2
1 .6 1 6
1 .6 1 5
1 .6 1 0
1 .6 2 4
1. 636
1 .6 4 4
1 .6 5 7
7 1 .4 4
6 9 .9 3
7 1 .9 5
7 3 .4 4
72. 59
7 2 .9 3
7 4 .8 7
4 2 .6
4 1 .7
4 2 .7
4 3 .1
4 2 .6
42. 6
4 3 .4
1 .6 7 7
1 .6 7 7
1 .6 8 5
1 .7 0 4
1 .7 0 4
1 .7 1 2
1. 725
7 2 .2 0
7 0 .1 7
72. 89
7 3 .6 6
72 12
73. 19
74. 78
4 2 .8
4 1 .4
4 2 .8
43. 1
4 2 .2
42. 5
4 3 .0
1 .6 8 7
1 .6 9 5
1 .7 0 3
1. 709
1 .7 0 9
1 .7 2 2
1. 739
69. 26
6 8 .6 0
68. 13
67. 77
6 8 .0 3
6 8 .6 3
4 1 .8
4 1 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .1
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
1. 657
1. 665
1 .6 7 8
1 .6 9 0
1 .6 8 8
1 .7 0 3
70 07
69. 85
70. 35
67. 74
69. 64
6 9 .7 2
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
1 .7 3 0
1 .7 2 9
1 .7 3 7
1 .7 3 7
1 .7 4 1
1 .7 4 3
7 3 .6 1
73. 83
7 4 .0 9
68. 04
7 2 .1 0
7 2 .0 8
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
3 7 .1
3 9 .7
3 9 .8
1 .8 2 2
1. 823
1 .8 3 4
1 .8 3 4
1 .8 1 6
1 .8 1 1
67. 40
67. 10
67. 55
6 7 .2 1
68. 24
6 8 .3 2
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
1 .6 6 0
1 . 661
1 .6 6 8
1 .6 7 2
1 .6 8 5
1 .6 9 1
73. 36
73. 74
7 4 .0 4
72. 23
73. 48
70. 95
4 2 .7
4 2 .8
4 2 .8
4 1 .8
42. 5
4 1 .2
1 .7 1 8
1. 723
1 .7 3 0
1. 728
1 .7 2 9
1. 722
73. 74
7 4 .3 4
74. 99
72. 34
72. 62
69. 51
4 2 .7
4 2 .8
4 3 .1
4 1 .6
4 2 .0
4 0 .6
1 .7 2 7
1 .7 3 7
1 .7 4 0
1 .7 3 9
1 .7 2 9
1. 712
N o v e m b e r _____
December ______
1952:
January ..................
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h ___________
Anril............... ...
M a y _________ __
June________
Manufacturing—C ontinued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance machinery and transportation equipment)—Continued
Machinery (except
electrical)
M etal stamping,
coating, and
engraving
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
Boiler-shop products
Sheet-metal work
Stamped and pressed
metal products
Other fabricated
metal products
1950:
1951:
Average_____
Average...........
$ 6 2 .1 6
71. 57
40 6
4 2 .7
$1 .5 3 1
1 .6 7 6
$ 6 2 .1 4
7 0 .3 1
4 1 .1
4 1 .9
$ 1 .5 1 2
1 .6 7 8
$64. 22
68. 54
4 1 .3
4 0 .7
$1. 555
1 .6 8 4
$ 6 6 .1 5
7 0 .5 0
4 1 .5
4 0 .8
$ 1 .5 9 4
1. 728
$64. 76
70. 43
4 1 .7
4 2 .3
$1. 553
1. 665
$ 6 7 .2 1
7 6 .7 3
4 1 .8
4 3 .5
$ 1 .6 0 8
1. 764
1951:
June..................
July..................
August______
September___
October ____
November _____
December ______
70. 72
7 0 .0 9
71 56
7 4 .3 8
73 73
73 53
7 5 .1 1
4 2 .4
42 3
4 2 .8
4 3 .7
43 5
4 3 .2
4 3 .9
1 .6 6 8
1 .6 5 7
1 672
1 .7 0 2
1. 695
1 .7 0 2
1 .7 1 1
6 9 .7 6
68. 59
70. 05
70 68
72 54
7 1 .1 3
7 4 .6 9
4 1 .7
4 1 .0
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 2 .3
41. 5
4 3 .0
1 .6 7 3
1 .6 7 3
1 684
1. 699
1 .7 1 5
1 .7 1 4
1 .7 3 7
6 8 .6 7
6 6 .7 4
6 7 .0 8
6 8 .6 7
69. 49
6 9 .6 4
7 1 .1 5
4 0 .8
3 9 .4
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
4 1 .2
1 .6 8 3
1 .6 9 4
1 .6 8 5
1. 704
1 .7 2 0
1 .7 2 8
1 .7 2 7
7 1 .0 7
68 69
68. 76
7 0 .7 3
7 1 .5 2
7 1 .8 5
7 3 .4 0
4 1 .2
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 1 .4
1 .7 2 5
1 .7 3 9
1 .7 3 2
1. 755
1 .7 6 6
1 .7 7 4
1 .7 7 3
70. 89
69. 47
69. 22
70. 27
7 1 .3 2
7 0 .2 2
7 2 .7 1
4 2 .6
4 1 .6
41 6
4 2 .0
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 3 .1
1 .6 6 4
1 .6 7 0
1 664
1 .6 7 3
1 .6 8 2
1 .6 7 6
1 .6 8 7
76. 65
75. 42
7 5 .9 4
7 7 .2 4
77. 86
77. 63
7 9 .9 5
4 3 .5
43 0
4 3 .0
43. 2
4 3 .4
4 3 .2
4 4 .1
1 .7 6 2
1 754
1. 766
1. 788
1 .7 9 4
1 .7 9 7
1 .8 1 3
1952:
January ............. .
73 70
7 4 .3 5
74. 78
7 3 .2 7
74. 04
7 0 .5 8
4 3 .1
4 3 .2
4 3 .1
4 2 .4
4 2 .7
4 0 .8
1 .7 1 0
1. 721
1 .7 3 5
1 .7 2 8
1 .7 3 4
1 .7 3 0
72. 01
7 1 .9 3
7 1 .3 2
69. 05
7 1 .6 0
7 1 .4 8
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 1 .2
3 9 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .5
1. 731
1 .7 2 9
1 .7 3 1
1 .7 3 5
1 .7 4 2
1. 765
7 3 .0 6
7 3 .3 5
73. 54
7 1 .2 1
7 2 .3 9
7 1 .7 5
4 1 .7
4 1 .7
4 1 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .4
1 .7 5 2
1. 759
1 .7 7 2
1. 754
1 .7 7 0
1 .7 7 6
7 5 .7 7
7 6 .0 2
7 6 .1 9
73. 68
75. 61
7 4 .6 4
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 1 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .5
4 0 .9
1 .8 0 4
1 .8 1 0
1 .8 2 7
1 .8 0 6
1 .8 2 2
1 .8 2 5
7 1 .1 9
71. 66
7 1 .2 3
69. 54
7 0 .3 8
6 9 .0 8
4 2 .3
4 2 .4
4 2 .1
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
4 0 .9
1 .6 8 3
1 .6 9 0
1 .6 9 2
1 .6 9 2
1. 704
1 .6 8 9
7 9 .8 1
79. 70
8 0 .0 0
78. 62
7 8 .8 8
78. 87
4 3 .9
4 3 .6
4 3 .5
4 2 .8
4 2 .8
4 2 .7
1 .8 1 8
1 .8 2 8
1 .8 3 9
1 .8 3 7
1 .8 4 3
1 .8 4 7
F e b r u a r y _______
M a r c h ___________
April _____________
M a y . ................ ...
June _____________
Manufacturing—Con tinued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Engines and
turbines
1950:
1951:
1951:
1952:
Average _________
Average_________
J u n e _____ _______
J u ly -,. ................... ...
A u g u s t. ................
September_____
O c to b e r ................
November _____
Decern ber______
January _________
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h ..............—
April ............... ...........
M ay ______________
June ______________
Agricultural
machinery
and tractors
Agricultural
machinery
(except tractors)
Tractors
Construction and
mining
machinery
Metalworking
machinery
$69 43
79. 79
4 0 .7
4 2 .9
$1. 706
1. 860
$64. 60
73. 46
4 0 .1
4 0 .7
$ 1 .6 1 1
1 .8 0 5
$ 6 6 .0 9
7 5 .7 5
4 0 .3
4 0 .9
$ 1 .6 4 0
1. 852
$62. 57
70. 92
3 9 .8
4 0 .5
$ 1 .5 7 2
1. 751
$ 6 5 .9 7
7 5 .3 8
4 2 .4
4 4 .5
$ 1 .5 5 6
1 .6 9 4
$71. 54
8 5 .5 5
4 3 .2
4 6 .8
$1. 656
1 .8 2 8
7 9 .9 1
77. 05
78.9 1
78. 79
81 76
79. 97
83. 55
4 3 .1
4 1 .9
42 4
4 2 .0
43. 1
4 2 .4
4 3 .7
1 .8 5 4
1 .8 3 9
1.861
1 .8 7 6
1. 897
1 .8 8 6
1 .9 1 2
74. 21
73. 36
7 2 .4 1
74. 52
74 .0 1
73. 42
7 6 .5 5
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .1
4 1 .2
1 .8 1 0
1 .7 9 8
1 .8 2 4
1. 863
1 .8 2 3
1 .8 3 1
1. 858
7 5 .7 3
7 5 .1 3
7 4 .8 5
7 7 .7 3
7 6 .2 4
76. 58
79. 23
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
3 8 .6
3 9 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .7
1 .8 4 7
1 .8 3 7
1 .9 3 9
1. 963
1 .8 6 4
1 .8 7 7
1 .9 0 0
7 2 .5 4
7 1 .6 6
7 0 .6 4
7 2 .1 8
7 1 .6 5
6 9 .9 7
73. 40
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
40. 3
3 9 .4
4 0 .6
1 .7 6 5
1 .7 5 2
1. 740
1 .7 9 1
1. 778
1 .7 7 6
1 .8 0 8
74. 61
7 3 .6 3
7 4 .9 4
7 5 .6 0
7 5 .5 7
76. 96
80. 47
4 4 .2
4 3 .7
4 4 .5
44. 6
4 4 .4
4 4 .9
4 6 .3
1 .6 8 8
1 .6 8 5
1 .6 8 4
1 .6 9 5
1 .7 0 2
1 .7 1 4
1. 738
8 5 .0 8
83. 57
85. 23
86. 77
89. 44
8 7 .3 3
90. 20
4 6 .8
4 6 .3
48. 5
46. 5
4 7 .4
4 6 .5
4 7 .6
1 .8 1 8
1 .8 0 5
1 .8 3 3
1 .8 6 6
1 .8 8 7
1 .8 7 8
1 .8 9 5
84. 42
8 4 .9 0
83. 29
8 2 .3 7
7 9 .1 0
8 1 .5 5
4 3 .9
4 3 .9
4 3 .0
42. 5
4 1 .5
4 2 .1
1 .9 2 3
1. 934
1. 937
1 .9 3 8
1 .9 0 6
1 .9 3 7
7 5 .8 5
76. 10
7 7 .9 4
78. 25
78. 30
76. 08
4 0 .8
40. 2
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .0
1 .8 5 9
1. 893
1.901
1 .9 1 8
1 .9 1 9
1 .9 0 2
78. 06
7 8 .6 3
7 9 .0 1
80. 94
79. 51
78. 39
4 1 .0
4 0 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
1 .9 0 4
1 .9 5 1
1 .9 4 6
1 .9 7 9
1 .9 6 8
1 .9 5 0
73. 63
7 3 .3 0
7 6 .9 4
75. 21
76. 76
7 3 .4 3
4 0 .7
4 0 .1
4 1 .5
4 0 .7
4 1 .2
3 9 .8
1 .8 0 9
1 .8 2 8
1 .8 5 4
1 .8 4 8
1 .8 6 3
1 .8 4 5
79. 24
7 9 .0 4
7 9 .5 4
77. 79
78. 06
7 5 .7 2
4 5 .7
4 5 .4
4 5 .4
4 4 .5
4 4 .3
4 3 .0
1 .7 3 4
1 .7 4 1
1 .7 5 2
1. 748
1 .7 6 2
1 .7 6 1
90. 30
8 9 .8 2
9 0 .4 3
88. 33
89. 45
89. 97
4 7 .5
4 7 .0
4 7 .0
4 6 .1
4 6 .3
4 6 .4
1 .9 0 1
1 .9 1 1
1 .9 2 4
1 .9 1 6
1 .9 3 2
1 .9 3 9
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
C: E AR N IN 0 8 AND HOURS
347
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees
Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Year and month
Machine tools
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
1950 A v e ra g e .........
1951: Average____
$59. 72
84. 75
1951: June_______
Ju ly ..... .........
A u g u s t..........
September__
October .......
November__
December__
1952: J a n u a r y ..........
F e b r u a r y ___
March_____
A p r i l .............. .
M a y . ..............
June_______
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Metalworking ma
c h in e r y (e x c ep t
machine tools)
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Machine-tool acces
sories
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Special-industry ma
c h in e r y (e x c ep t
metalworking ma
chinery)
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
General industrial
machinery
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Office and store ma
chines and devices
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
43. 2 $1,614 $70. 54
47.4 1.788 81. 99
42.7 $1. 652 $74. 69
45.2 1.814 88.08
43.5 $1. 717 $65. 74
46.8 1 . 882 74.69
41.9 $1. 569 $66. 33
43.6 1.713 76.91
41.9 $1,583 $66. 95
44.2 1.740 73. 58
41.1
41.9
$1 629
1.756
83.99
81.84
84. 64
84. 91
89. 42
86. 89
89. 69
47.4
46. 9
47. 1
46. 5
48.0
47.3
48.3
1.772
1. 745
1. 797
1 . 826
1.863
1.837
1.857
82.08
80. 95
81.00
83. 68
85. 28
82. 89
85.75
45.4
44.8
44. 9
45.6
46.4
45.0
46.1
1.808
1.807
1.804
1. 835
1.838
1.842
1.860
88.27
86. 25
87. 46
90.81
91.62
90.64
93.68
47.0
46.0
46.4
47.2
47.4
46.6
47.7
1.878
1.875
1.885
1. 924
1.933
1.945
1. 964
75. 37
74. 00
73. 14
74. 56
74. 43
74.65
76.47
44.0
43.4
43.0
43.3
43.0
42.9
43.8
1.713
1. 705
1.701
1.722
1.731
1.740
1.746
78.00
75.04
76.56
78. 15
77.48
78.14
79. 97
44.8
43.4
44.0
44.2
43 8
44.0
44.8
1 741
1 729
1. 740
1 768
1 769
1. 776
1.785
73. 46
72. 57
73.67
74.38
75 04
74. 95
75. 35
42 0
41.4
41.6
41 6
41 9
4L 8
41.7
1 749
1. 753
1 771
1 788
1 7Q1
1 793
1.807
90. 59
89.39
89.77
88. 08
88. 26
88. 45
48.6
47. 7
47.6
46.9
46. 7
46. 6
1.864
1.874
84.64
85.97
86.67
83.37
85. 22
85. 92
45.7
45.9
46.1
44.7
45.5
45.8
1.852
1.873
1.880
1.865
1. 873
1. 876
94. 00
92.70
94. 32
92. 61
93. 92
94. 95
47.5
46.7
46.9
46.1
46.2
46.5
1.979
1.985
2.0 11
76.39
76.47
77. 25
75. 71
76. 28
76.53
43.5
43.4
43.4
42.7
42.9
42.9
1.756
1.762
1.780
1. 773
1. 778
1.784
78. 90
79.07
79.02
77. 45
78. 24
78.23
44.2
44.1
43.8
43.1
43.3
43.1
1. 785
1. 793
1. 804
1.797
1. 807
1. 815
75. 24
75. 04
75. 72
74. 85
74. 01
75.15
41. 5
41.3
4L 4
40. 9
40. 4
40.8
1 813
1 817
1 82Q
1 830
1. 832
1. 842
1.886
1. 878
1.890
1.898
2.009
2.033
2. 042
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Computing machines
and cash registers
Typewriters
Service-industry and Refrigerators and airhousehold machines
conditioning units
Miscellaneous ma
chinery parts
Ball and roller bear
ings
1950: Average_____ $71.70
1951: Average_____ 78.81
40.9 $1. 753 $62.08
41. 5 1. 899 68.00
41.5 $1,496 $67.26
42.5 1.600 71. 06
41.7 $1,613 $66.42
40.7 1.746 69.41
41.1 $1,616 $66.15
39.8 1. 744 74. 26
42.0 $1. 575 $68.55
43.2 1.719 76.69
42.5
43.4
$1. 613
1. 767
1951: June................
July.................
August_____
September__
October_____
No vein her__
Decern ber___
78.19
77.87
79. 22
80. 48
81 17
81.62
81. 91
41.5
40.9
41.5
41. 4
41. 5
41. 6
41.6
1.884
1.904
1.909
1. 944
1. 956
1.962
1. 969
68.35
67.20
67.49
67.45
68. 42
68. 51
68.51
42.8
42.0
42.0
42.0
42.6
42.5
41.9
1.597
1.600
1.607
1 . 606
1.606
1.612
1.635
69.67
70.04
69.54
71.32
71.73
72.41
74.04
39.9
40.0
39.6
40.5
40.5
40.7
41.2
1. 746
1.751
1.756
1. 761
1. 771
1.779
1. 797
67. 24
69. 24
68. 72
70. 26
70. 25
71.44
72.80
38.6
39.5
39.2
39.9
39.8
40.0
40.4
1. 742
1.753
1.753
1.761
1. 765
1.786
1.802
74.22
72.85
73.49
74. 13
74. 82
74. 00
75. 86
43.0
42.5
42.7
42.8
43.1
42.6
43.4
1.726
1.714
1. 721
1. 732
1. 736
1.737
1.748
78.17
75.97
77.39
76. 46
77 20
75. 28
76.70
43.6
42 8
43.6
43. 1
43. 3
42. 2
42.8
1. 793
1. 775
1.775
1.774
1 783
1. 784
1.792
1952: January_____
February___
March............
April...............
M ay................
June................
82.43
81.08
82.15
80. 99
80. 24
81.16
41.8
41.2
41.3
40.7
40.3
40.7
1.972
1.968
1.989
1. 990
1.991
1.994
67.81
69.18
69. 26
68. 52
67.13
71.48
41.4
41.7
41.8
41.2
40.2
42.0
1.638
1.659
1.657
1.663
1. 670
1.702
75. 59
74. 49
74.03
72. 34
72. 68
74.16
41.9
41. 2
40.7
39.9
40.0
40.7
1.804
1.808
1.819
1.813
1.817
1.822
75.25
74.65
74.11
70.90
71.66
74.07
41.6
41.2
40.7
39.3
39.7
40.9
1.809
1.812
1.821
1.804
1.805
1 . 811
76. 39
75.85
75. 66
74.16
74. 91
74. 28
43.5
43.0
42.7
41.9
42.2
41.8
1.756
1.764
1.772
1. 770
1. 775
1. 777
78.38
76. 73
76.70
73.62
73.40
73. 24
43. 4
42. 7
42.4
41. 2
41.1
40.8
1 . 806
1. 797
1. 809
1. 787
1. 786
1.795
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except
electrical)—Con.
Machine shops (job
and repair)
Electrical machinery
Total: Electrical ma
chinery
Electrical generat
ing, transmission,
distribution, and
industrial appa
ratus
Motors, generators,
transformers, and
industrial controls
Electrical equipment
for vehicles
Communication
equipment
1950: Average_____ $65.18
1951: Average_____ 74.17
41.7 $1,563 $60. 83
43. 2 1. 717 66. 86
41.1 $1,480 $63. 75
41.4 1. 615 71.53
41.1 $1. 551 $64. 90
42.1 1. 699 72. 92
41.1 $1,579 $66. 22
42.1 1. 732 68.84
41.7 $1. 588 $56. 20
40.4 1. 704 61.86
40.9
41.1
$1,374
1. 605
1951: June.................
July ................
August...........
September__
October ........ .
November___
December___
72.80
71.91
72.38
74.08
74. 81
75. 90
78.15
42.6
42.2
42.4
42.6
42. 8
43.1
44. 2
1.709
1.704
1.707
1. 739
1. 748
1.761
1. 768
66. 13
66 34
68. 06
68. 27
69.10
69. 97
41.5
40.4
40.8
41. 5
41.5
41.8
42.0
1.618
1.637
1.626
1.640
1. 645
1.653
1 . 666
71.91
70.87
72.11
73.01
73. 26
73. 78
74.81
42.4
41.3
42.0
42.3
42.3
42.4
42.7
1.696
1.716
1.717
1. 726
1. 732
1.740
1. 752
73.53
72.18
73.58
74. 48
74. 70
75.30
75. 95
42.6
41.2
41.9
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
1.726
1.752
1. 756
1.765
1. 766
1.776
1. 787
70. 08
70. 32
70. 86
72.99
39.8
40.9
40.0
40.3
40.3
40.4
41.1
1.698
1. 712
1.722
1.739
1.745
1. 754
1. 776
62.05
60.34
60.34
62. 75
63. 87
65. 02
64.69
41.2
39. 7
40. 2
41.2
41.5
42.0
41.6
1. 506
1 520
1.501
1. 523
1. 539
1.548
1. 555
1952: January_____
February____
M arch.......... .
April________
M a y ...............
J u n e ...............
78.14
78. 62
78. 58
78.21
78.37
77. 84
44.0
43.9
43.8
43.4
43.3
43.1
1.776
1.791
1.794
1.802
1.810
1 . 806
70.22
69. 93
70. 43
69.03
68. 82
69.35
41.9
41.6
41.5
40.7
40.6
40.7
1.676
1.681
1.697
1.696
1.695
1.704
75.19
75.06
76.37
75.11
73. 29
73. 94
42.7
42.5
42.5
41.8
41.2
41.4
1.761
1.766
1.797
1.797
1.779
1. 786
76. 92
76.37
78.35
77. 20
74.29
75.11
42.9
42.5
42.7
42.0
41.0
41.2
1.793
1. 797
1.835
1. 838
1 . 812
1.823
74.41
71.83
72.34
71.66
69. 75
72. 46
41.9
40.4
40.3
39.9
38.9
39.9
1. 776
1.778
1.795
1. 796
1.793
1.816
65.35
65.17
64.86
63. 28
64. 80
64.48
41.6
41.3
41.0
40.1
40. 6
40.3
1. 571
1. 578
1.582
1. 578
1. 596
1.600
See footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
67.15
67.58
70.02
68. 88
MONTHLY LABOR
C: EARN IN GS AND H OURS
348
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
M a n u fa c tu rin g — C o n tin u e d
T ra n sp o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t
E le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry — C o n tin u e d
Y e a r and m onth
R a d io s , p h o n o
graphs, television Te lep h o n e , telegraph,
sets, an d e q u ip and related e quipm ent
m ent
Avg
w k ly
earn
ings
1950: A vera ge ____
1051: A vera ge ____
1961: Tune .............
J u ly ..............
A u g u s t_____
September.—
O c t o b e r ___
N o v e m b e r ..
Decern b e r__
1952: J a n u a r y ........
F e b r u a r y ___
M a r c h ...........
A p r il_______
M a y _______
J u n e ...............
63 85
58 40
58.42
57 35
57 2fi
59 40
00 41
60 98
fit. 14
01.24
01.01
60.91
59. 62
60.83
60. 77
$ .
.
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
Avg.
h rly .
earn
ings
A v g.
w k ly .
earn
ings
40 7 $1,323 $05 84
40. 5 1.442 77.20
40. 4 1.440 70.28
39. 2 1.403 76. 27
39 9 1.435 76. 24
40 8 1.450 78 76
409 1 477 80 42
41 4 1. 473 81.33
41. 2 1. 484 81.08
41 1 1.490 82.19
40. 7 1.499 82.73
40. 5 1.504 81.91
39. 8 1. 498 80.81
40. 1 1. 517 82. 71
39. 8 1. 527 81. 66
Avg.
w k ly .
hours
Avg.
h r ly .
earn
ings
E le ctrica l appliances,
lam p s, and m iscel
laneous prod u cts
Avg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
40 1 $ 1,042 $01.58
43.2 1.787 65.73
43.0 1.774 66. 62
42.8 1. 782 64. 55
43. 1 1. 769 64. 28
44.2 1.782 66 10
44.8 1 795 65 61
44.3 1. 836 66.26
43.9 1.847 68. 89
44 0 1.868 67. 77
44. 1 1.876 67. 98
43.8 1.870 68.18
43.1 1. 875 66.60
43.9 1.884 67. 59
43.6 1.873 68.03
Avg.
w k ly .
hours
Avg.
h rly .
earn
ings
T o ta l: T ra n s p o rta
tion e q u ip m e n t
Avg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
41 0 $ 1. .502 $71. 18
40.8 1.611 75. 77
41.2 1.617 75. 14
39.6 1. 630 74 33
40 0 1 607 76. 36
40. 7 1 624 77 43
40.4 1.624 77 14
40 5 1 036 77. 05
41. 6 1. 656 79. 48
40.9 1. 657 79. 47
40.9 1.662 79.24
40.8 1.671 80.08
40.0 1. 665 78. 47
40.4 1.673 79. 49
40.4 1.684 78. 96
Avg.
w k ly .
hours
Avg.
h rly .
earn
ings
A irc ra ft an d parts
A u to m o b ile s
Avg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
41.0 $ 1.736 $73. 25
40.8 1. 857 75. 52
40. 4 1.860 74.88
39.9 1.863 73. 30
40. 9 1.867 76. 31
41. 1 1.884 77.53
40 9 1.886 77 34
40.7 1.893 76. 44
41.7 1.906 79.91
41.5 1.915 80. 55
41.4 1.914 79.83
41.3 1.939 80.84
40.7 1.928 79.68
41.1 1.934 80. 48
40.7 1.940 79.43
Avg.
w k ly .
hours
Avg
h rly .
e arn
ings
Avg.
w k ly
earn
ings
41.2 $1,778 $68 39
39.5 1.912 78.05
38 9 1. 925 77. 31
37.9 1.934 77. 48
39. 5 1.932 77. 48
39.8 1.948 79.28
39 7 1 948 78 07
39 1 1. 955 79. 85
40.4 1.978 80. 57
40.5 1.989 79. 53
40.4 1.976 80.01
40.4 2.001 80. 57
39.9 1.997 78.08
40.2 2.002 79.66
39.5 2. O il 79. 52
Avg.
w k ly
hours
41.6
43.8
43.8
43. 7
43 6
43.9
43 3
43.9
44.1
43 2
43.2
42.9
42.0
42.6
42.5
Avg.
h r ly .
earn
ings
$
1,644
1.782
1. 765
1.773
1.777
1.806
1.803
1.819
1.827
1.841
1. 852
1.878
1.859
1.870
1.871
M a n u fa c tu rin g — C o n tin u e d
T ra n sp o rta tio n eq u ip m e n t— C o n tin u e d
A irc ra ft engines an d
parts
1950:
1951:
1951
A v e r a g e . ____
A verage ______
J u n e _________
J v
_______
A u g u s t.. .
Septem ber___
O cto ber______
N o v e m b e r___
D e ce m be r____
111
1952: Ja n u a r y ______
F e b r u a r y _____
M a r c h _______
A p r il_________
M a y _________
J u n e ________
$67 15
75. 82
75 00
75. 78
75 86
77 65
76 42
77.95
78 13
76 82
78. 40
78. 59
76.56
78. 36
78.03
41.4 $ 1,622 $71.40
43.3 1. 751 85.90
43.3 1 732 88.06
43. 4 1.746 86 24
43 3 1752 84 00
43 7 1 777 85 61
43 1 1 773 83 20
43.5 1 792 87 02
43.5 1.796 88 44
42 3 1.816 88 50
42. 7 1.836 85. 66
42.3 1.858 87. 23
41. 7 1.836 81.98
42. 4 1. 848 82. 58
42.2 1.849 82.43
O th er aircra ft p arts
an d eq u ip m e n t
A irc ra ft propellers
an d parts
42 1 $ 1. 696 $73.90
45.4 1.892 89.17
46.3 1.902 90 77
45. 7 1.887 92 16
44.8 1.875 90. 49
44.8 1.911 87. 33
43 4 1 917 86 33
45 3 1.921 87.67
45.8 1.931 88. 98
45 9 1.928 88. 97
44.8 1.912 87.36
44.8 1.947 91.21
42.7 1. 920 89. 27
42.9 1.925 93.34
42.6 1.935 94.18
42 4 $ 1,743 $70. 81
46.2 1.930 78. 53
47.3 1.919 77.43
48. 1 1.916 76.00
47.5 1.905 75. 84
45.2 1.932 78 29
44 8 1 927 79 35
45.1 1.944 78 50
45.4 1. 960 81.16
45.3 1.964 80. 78
44.8 1.950 79. 75
45.2 2.018 79. 71
44.5 2. 006 78.33
45.6 2.047 81.06
46.1 2. 043 79. 81
S h ip b u ild in g an d
re p airin g
S h ip an d boat b u ild in g an d re p airin g
41.7 $1 698 $63. 28
43.7 1. 797 70. 56
43.5 1.780 70 42
42 6 1.784 71.59
42. 7 1.776 71.96
43.4 1. 804 71. 52
43 6 1.820 73 57
43.3 1.813 72. 37
44.4 1.828 74.12
44.0 1.836 74.85
43.2 1.846 74.32
42.9 1. 858 76. 81
42.0 1. 865 75. 01
43.3 1. 872 76.32
43.0 1.856 75.95
38.4 $1,648 $63. 8.3
40.0 1. 764 71.18
40.1 1.756 71.04
40.4 1.772 72 40
40 2 1.790 72 66
40.0 1.788 72 10
40 2 1.830 74 23
39 1 1. 851 72. 97
40.5 1.830 74. 72
40.7 1.839 75. 58
40.0 1.858 75 04
40.9 1.878 77.90
40.5 1. 852 75. 86
41.1 1.857 77. 04
40.9 1.857 76. 89
38.2
39.9
40 0
40.4
40 1
39 9
40. 1
39.0
40.5
40 7
40.0
41.0
40.5
41.0
40.9
$
1.671
1.784
1.776
1.792
1.812
1.807
1.851
1.871
1.845
1. 859
1.877
1.900
1.873
1.879
1.880
M a n u fa c tu rin g — C o n tin u e d
In s tru m e n ts an d
related p rod u cts
T ra n sp o rta tio n eq u ip m e n t— C o n tin u e d
Lo co m o tive s an d
p arts
B o at b u ild in g and
re p airin g
1950: A vera ge ______ $55 99
1951: A v e ra ge ............ 60 79
1951: Ju n e ..... ......... .. 58. 56
J u ly ................. 60 80
A u g u s t_______ 60 86
Septem ber____ 62 52
O ctober ........... 62 55
N o v e m b e r___ 63 48
D e ce m b e r____ 65 53
1952: Ja n u a r y ______ 63. 99
F e b r u a r y ......... 63. 40
M a r c h _______ 62.84
A p r il____ _____ 63. 28
M a y _________ 66.33
Ju n e ................... 66.02
40.6 $ 1,379 $ 66. 33
40.1 1. 516 75. 99
39 3 1 490 75. 64
40. 4 1. 505 75 82
40.2 1. 514 77 05
40 7 1. 536 76 96
40 3 1. 552 77 06
39 9 1. 591 76. 49
40.3 1. 626 77.81
39.6 1.616 76. 79
39.5 1.605 78.12
39. 5 1.591 78. 55
39.5 1.602 76. 25
41.2 1.610 75. 99
40. 7 1.622 77.13
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.6 $ 1,675
40.9 1.858
40.3 1.877
40 7 1.863
40. 7 1.893
40 7 l 891
40 9 1. 884
40 6 1. 884
40 8 1.907
41.0 1.873
41.4 1.887
41.3 1.902
40.3 1.892
40.4 1. 881
40.3 1. 914
$70 00
81.16
79 75
82. 43
82 45
82. 05
82. 75
81 93
83 76
81.61
81.90
81.62
78. 74
81.32
82.31
40 3 $1 737
41.6 1.951
40.3 1.979
41.8 1.972
41. 6 1.982
41.8 1.963
41 9 1. 975
41.8 1.960
41.9 1. 999
41 7 1. 957
42.0 1. 950
41.6 1.962
40.4 1.949
41. 7 1.950
41.3 1.993
R a ilro a d an d streetcars
62. 47
70. 48
71.69
70 98
71 20
71.68
71.06
70.66
71. 05
72 19
74. 22
75.58
73. 57
71.90
72. 85
$
38.9
40.0
40.3
39.9
39.6
39.6
39.9
39.3
39.3
40.4
40.8
41.1
40.2
39.7
39.7
O th er tra n sp o rtatio n
eq u ip m e n t
1 606 $64.44
1.762 68.44
1.779 68 43
1. 779 66. 85
1.798 67.82
1 810 68.91
1.781 71. 13
1. 798 71.06
1.808 73. 48
1.787 68. 80
1.819 68. 72
1.839 70. 39
1.830 70. 69
1.811 72.42
1.835 74.39
$ .
41. 9 $1 538
42.3 1. 618
42.4 1.614
41.7 1. 603
42.1 1.611
42.3 1.629
42 9 1 658
42 6 1.668
44.0 1. 670
41.9 1.642
41.5 1.656
41.8 1.684
42.1 1.679
42.6 1.700
43.1 1.726
T o ta l: In stru m e n ts
an d related p rod u cts
60.81
68. 87
69. 44
68. 18
68. 51
69.93
70. 26
70. 98
71.70
71 02
71.02
71.47
70. 71
71.85
72.13
$
41.2
42.2
42.6
41.8
41.9
42.2
42.3
42.5
42.6
42.1
41.7
41.7
41.4
41.7
41.6
1 476
1.632
1.630
1.631
1.635
1.657
1.661
1.670
1.683
1.687
1. 703
1. 714
1.708
1.723
1.734
$ .
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
349
C: EARN IN GS AND HOURS
Table C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
M anufacturing—C ontinued
Miscellaneous manu
facturing industries
Instruments and related products—Continued
Year and month
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
1950: A verage.................................................. $50. 88
1951: Average___________ ____ __________ 55.65
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Watches and
clocks
Photographic
apparatus
Ophthalmic goods
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
40.7 $1. 250 $65.59
40.8 1. 364 73.08
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
41.2 $1. 592 $53. 25
42.0 1.740 59.49
Professional and sci
entific instruments
Avg. Avg.
wkly. hrly.
hours earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
39.8 $1.338 $63.01
40.8 1.458 71.99
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing in
dustries
Avg. Avg.
wkly.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.7 $1,511 $54.04
42.9 1.678 58.00
41.0
40.9
$1,318
1.418
1951: June___ __________________________
July ____________________________
A ugust___________________________
September________________________
October __________________________
November_______________________
December___________________ ____ _
56.07
55.41
55.23
56.19
56.11
55.36
55.14
40.9
40.3
40.2
40.6
40.6
40.2
39.9
1.371
1.375
1.374
1.384
1.382
1.377
1.382
72.82
73.04
71.93
72.90
73. 33
74. 53
74.96
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.8
41.9
42.3
42.3
1.742
1.760
1.729
1.744
1. 750
1.762
1. 772
59.78
57. 66
59.70
59. 98
59. 52
60. 57
60. 55
41.0
40.1
41.0
40.8
40.3
40.9
40.8
1.458
1.438
1.456
1.470
1.477
1.481
1.484
72.73
71.06
71.57
73.53
73.92
74.78
75.95
43.5
42.5
42.5
43.0
43.1
43.3
43.6
1.672
1. 672
1.684
1.710
1. 715
1.727
1.742
57.85
56. 46
56.82
67. 61
58.18
58. 71
60.53
40.8
39.9
40.1
40.4
40.6
40.6
41.4
1.418
1.415
1.417
1.426
1.433
1.446
1.462
1952: Janu ary.......................... .....................
February__________________ _______
M arch____________________________
April____________________________
M ay______________________________
June______________________________
55. 62
56. 22
57.20
57.49
57.73
53.44
39.7
39.4
40.0
40.2
40.2
37.4
1. 401
1.427
1.430
1. 430
1.436
1.429
75.39
74. 92
76. 47
76.62
78. 53
78.47
42.4
41.9
41.4
41.8
42.2
42.3
1.778
1. 788
1.847
1.833
1.861
1.855
59.52
59. 86
60.68
59.31
59. 40
60.13
40.0
40.2
40.4
39.7
40.0
40.3
1.488
1.489
1.502
1.494
1.485
1. 492
74.77
74.71
74.67
73.40
74.82
75.77
42.9
42.4
42.4
41.8
42.2
42.4
1.743
1.762
1.761
1.756
1.773
1.787
59.94
60.18
60. 57
59.31
60. 47
60. 44
41.0
40.8
40.9
40.1
40. 5
40.4
1.462
1.475
1. 481
1. 479
1.493
1.496
Manufacturing—Continued
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries—Continued
Jewelry and
findings
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware
T oys and sporting
goods
43.8 $1.463 $50.98
41.6 1. 580 53.54
68
41.6 $1. 304 $64.08
41.7 1.396 65.73
1.497
1.487
1.500
1.508
1.523
1.532
1.557
56. 61
54. 43
65.28
57. 25
59.27
61.07
63.02
40.7
39.3
39.6
41.1
41.3
42.0
42.9
1.391
1.385
1.396
1.393
1.435
1.454
1. 469
64.90
61.94
62. 69
65.28
64.68
65. 73
69. 25
41.0
39.4
39.4
40.6
40.3
40.9
42.2.
1.583
1.572
1.591
1.608
1.605
1.607
1.641
52. 68
52.13
52.72
63. 5-1
54.26
54. 53
56.17
1.535
1.548
1. 558
1. 559
1. 571
1. 579
60.77
60. 44
60.90
58.93
60.50
61.88
42.2
41.6
41.8
40.5
41.1
41.7
1.440
1.453
1. 457
1. 455
1.472
1. 484
66.30
. 42
67.44
66.41
65.91
67.35
40.7
40.6
40.8
40.3
39.8
40.5
1.629
1.636
1. 653
1.648
1. 656
1.663
57.21
57.39
58.14
55. 98
57.81
57.67
1950: Average__________ ________________ $59.45
1951: Average___________ _______________ 62.11
42.8 $1.389 $54. 25
. 21
41.6 1.493
1961: June_____ __ ____ _________________ 61.23
July____ _________________ ________ 58.59
August........................................................ 69. 25
Septam hp.r
61. 53
October __________________________ 62.14
November.............................................. . 63. 42
December___________ _____ ____ ___ 66.33
40.9
39.4
39.5
40.8
40.8
41.4
42.6
63. 55
63.47
64.35
62. 98
63.63
64. 74
41.4
41.0
41.3
40.4
40.5
41.0
1952: January__________________________
February__________ _______________
M arch_____________________ ______
April___________________ __________
M ay______________________________
June______________________________
Silverware and
plated ware
66
40.4 $1. 262 $49. 52
39.6 1.352 53. 65
40.0
40.1
$1,238
1.338
39.2
38.7
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.8
40.7
1.344
1.347
1.345
1.352
1.360
1.370
1.380
54.40
53. 44
52.63
53.35
53.53
54.04
54.20
40.0
39.5
38.9
39.9
39.8
39.3
40.0
1.360
1.353
1.353
1.337
1.345
1.375
1.355
40.6
40.7
41.0
39.7
41.0
40.7
1.409
1.410
1. 418
1. 410
1. 410
1. 417
54.48
54.54
55.43
53.92
54. 88
55.50
40.0
40.1
40.4
39.1
39.4
39.7
1.362
1.360
1.372
1.379
1.393
1.398
Transportation and public utilities
Manufacturing—Con.
Communication
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries—Con.
Local railways and
bus lines *
Telephone *
Other miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
1950: Average___________________________ $54. 91
1951: Average___________________________ 59.20
Costume jewelry,
buttons, notions
41.1 $1. 336 $63. 20
41.2 1.437 *69. 78
40.8 $1,549 $66. 96
*41.0 *1. 702 72.32
45.0 $1.488 $54.38
46.3 1.562 58.30
Switcllboard >perating employrees 7
38.9 $1,398 $46.65
39.1 1.491 49.64
37.5
37.7
$1,244
1.314
59.22
57. 85
58.22
58. 89
59. 43
59.84
61.73
41.3
40.4
40.6
40.7
40.9
40.9
41.6
1.434
1.432
1.434
1. 447
1.453
1.463
1.484
70.82
69.81
72. 54
68.82
72. 74
71.40
69. 95
41.1
40.1
42.1
39.1
42.0
40.8
39.5
1.723
1.741
1.723
1.760
1.732
1. 750
1. 771
72. 77
73.19
72. 72
73.11
73.23
73.11
75.35
46.8
46.5
46.2
46.1
46.2
46.3
47.6
1. 555
1. 574
1.574
1. 586
1.585
1.579
1.583
58.12
59.30
58.84
59. 97
59. 94
60.84
59.44
39.4
39.8
39.2
39.4
39.1
39.2
38.8
1.475
1.490
1.501
1.522
1. 533
1. 552
1.532
49.26
50. 77
50.03
61.23
51.48
52. 79
49.70
38.1
38. 7
37.9
38.2
37. 8
37. 9
37.2
1.293
1.312
1.320
1.341
1. 362
1.393
1.336
1952: Janu ary__________________________ 61.02
February_________________________ 61.50
M arch.I____________ ____________ 61. 55
April ________________ ___________ 60. 49
61. 52
M ay
61. 34
June
41.2
41.0
40.9
40.3
40. 5
40.3
1.481
1.500
1.505
1. 501
1.519
1.522
74.09
76. 69
71. 52
72. 65
41.6
42.7
40.2
41.3
1.781
1.796
1. 779
1.759
73.92
73. 52
74.89
74.31
76. 07
76.33
46.4
46.5
46.6
46.1
46.5
46.8
1.593
1. 581
1.607
. 612
1.636
1.631
59.68
59.83
59.29
53. 92
60. 60
60. 92
38.7
38.5
38.5
34.9
38.7
39.1
1.542
1. 554
1. 540
1. 545
1. 566
1. 558
49.63
50.33
49.31
43. 30
52.11
51.90
36.9
36.9
36. 8
32.1
37. 6
37.8
1.345
1.364
1.340
1. 349
1.386
1.373
1951: June______________________________
July___ _______ ____ _______ _______
August___________________________
September__________ _____________
October____ _________________ _____
November________________________
December_____________ _____ ______
See footnotes at end of table.
21 9 4 1 0 — 52------ 7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
350
C: E AR N IN GS AND H OURS
MONTHLY LABOR
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Em ployees1—Con.
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d p u b lic u tilitie s — C o n tin u e d
C o m m u n ic a tio n
Y ear a n d m o n th
Line construction,
in s ta lla tio n ,a n d
maintenance em
ployees •
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1950: A verage...
1951: Average__
$73.30
81.28
1951: June_____
July...........
August___
September.
October__
November.
December..
1952: January__
February..
M arch___
April..........
M ay........ .
June..........
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
O th e r p u b lic u tilitie s
Total: Gas and electric Electric light and
utilities
power utilities
Telegraph •
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
G as u tilitie s
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.6 $1. 630 $63.37
41.9 1.736 68. 76
41.5
41.8
$1. 527
1.645
Avg.
wkly.
hours
42.1 $1. 741 $64.19
42.8 1.899 68.33
44.7 $1,436 $66.60
44.6 1. 532 71. 77
41.6 $1. 601 $67.81
41.9 1. 713 72.74
81.20
82. 78
82.58
83.83
83. 54
83. 79
83.91
43.1
43.0
42.9
43.1
42.6
42.6
42.7
1.884
1.925
1.925
1. 945
1. 961
1.967
1.965
65. 44
71.23
70. 47
72.33
72.34
72.13
72.21
45.1
44.8
44.6
44.4
44.3
44.2
44.3
1. 451
1. 590
1. 580
1.629
1. 633
1.632
1.630
71.06
71.82
71.73
72.88
72. 92
73.29
73.63
41.7
42.0
41.9
42.2
42.1
42.0
42.1
1.704
1. 710
1. 712
1.727
1.732
1.745
1.749
72.40
73. 25
72.96
73.34
72.85
73.56
74. 56
41.8
42.1
42.1
42.1
41.7
41.7
42.1
1.732
1.740
1.733
1.742
1.747
1.764
1. 771
66. 99
67.44
67.48
69.35
71.39
71.49
71.53
41.1
41.4
41.3
41.8
42.7
42.4
42.3
1.630
1.629
1. 634
1. 659
1.672
83.90
83. 97
83.39
76. 55
83.95
85. 71
42.5
42.3
41.8
38.7
42.1
42.6
1.974
1.985
1.995
1.978
1.994
2.012
70.77
70. 90
71.02
43.9
43.9
44.0
1.612
1.615
1.614
(t)
(t)
41.9
41.4
41.4
41.4
41. 5
41.5
1.747
1.759
1.770
1. 769
1.778
1.805
74. 25
73.39
74.27
73. 62
74.88
76.25
41.9
41.3
41.4
41.2
41.6
41.6
1. 772
1.777
1.794
1.787
1.800
1.833
70.56
70.38
70.09
70. 34
70. 46
71.70
41.8
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.4
1.688
(t)
(t)
73. 20
72.82
73. 28
73. 24
73.79
74.91
(t)
(t)
72.27
44.5
1.624
Transportation and
public utilities—
Con.
Wholesale trade
1951: June............
July______
August___
September.
October__
November.
December..
1952: January__
February..
M arch........
April......... .
M ay..........
June............
1.700
1.693
1.699
1.706
1.732
R e ta il tra d e
Electric light and gas
utilities combined
$67. 02
72.36
1.691
T ra d e
Other public utili
ties—Con.
1950: Average___
1951: Average__
1.686
Retail trade (except
eating and drink
ing places)
General merchandise
stores
D epartm ent stores
and general mail
order houses
41.6 $1,611
41.9 1. 727
64. 51
40.7 $1. 483 $47. 63
40.7 1. 585 50.25
40.5 $1,176 $35.95
40.1 1.253 37.25
36.8 $0.977 $41. 56
36.2 1.029 44.11
38.2
37.8
$1.088
1.167
71.94
72. 80
73. 04
74. 50
74.02
73.96
73.66
41.9
42.2
42.1
42.5
42.2
42.0
41.9
1.717
1.725
1. 735
1.753
1. 754
1.761
1.758
64.35
64. 55
64. 61
65.64
65. 44
65. 52
66.58
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.9
40.8
40.8
41.1
1.581
1.586
1.585
1.605
1. 604
1.606
1.620
50.74
51.49
51.37
50.80
50.43
49.92
49.92
40.4
40.8
40.8
40.0
39.8
39.4
40.1
1.256
1.262
1.259
1.270
1.267
1.267
1.245
37.70
38. 51
38.01
37.19
36.56
36.12
37.52
36.5
37.1
36.9
35.9
35.6
35.1
37.0
1.033
1.038
1.030
1.036
1.027
1.029
1.014
44.23
44. 81
44.27
44.29
43. 57
43.28
46.49
38.0
38.1
37.9
37.6
37.3
36.8
39.4
1.164
1.176
1.168
1.178
1.168
1.176
1.180
73.58
73.62
74.29
74. 55
74.80
75. 45
42.0
41.5
41.5
41.6
41.6
41.5
1.752
1.774
1. 790
1. 792
1.798
1.818
66.42
66.13
66.62
66.49
66.90
67.43
40.7
40.4
40.4
40.1
40.3
40.4
1.632
1.637
1.649
1.658
1.660
1.669
51.22
50. 98
50.90
50.97
51.80
53.10
39.8
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.6
40.2
1.287
1.281
1.279
1.284
1. 308
1.321
38.27
37.44
37.20
37.04
38.31
39.67
35.8
35.9
35.8
36.0
35.8
36.7
1.069
1.043
1.039
1.029
1.070
1.081
45. 27
43.67
43.63
43.94
45. 44
46.52
37.2
37.1
37.1
37.3
37.4
37.7
1.217
1.177
1.176
1.178
1.215
1.234
T ra d e —C o n tin u e d
R e ta il tr a d e —C o n tin u e d
F o o d a n d liq u o r
stores
1950: Average_______________
1951: A verage..........................
$51.79
53. 96
1951: June__________________
J u ly .....................................
August............... ...............
September_____________
October...............................
November_____ _______
December.......... ................
1952: January............. ............... .
February.............................
March.............. ..................
April....................................
M a y ..____ ____________
June__________________
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A u to m o tiv e a n d accessories dealers
O th e r r e ta il tra d e
A p p arel a n d accèssories stores
F u r n itu r e a n d applian ce stores
L u m b e r a n d h ard w are-su p p ly stores
40.4 $1.282 $61. 65
40.0 1.349 66. 51
45.7 $1,349 $40. 70
45.4 1.465 42.20
36.5 $1.115 $56.12
36.1 1.169 59.61
43.5 $1.290 $54.62
43.1 1.383 58.64
43.8
43.6
$1.247
1.345
54.72
55.44
55. 23
54. 24
53. 90
54. 35
54. 44
40.5
41.1
41.0
40.0
39. 6
39.7
40.0
1.351
1.349
1.347
1. 356
1. 361
1.369
1.361
67.03
66. 91
67.18
67.94
67. 24
67.13
67.06
45.6
45.3
45.3
45.2
45.4
45.3
45.4
1.470
1.477
1.483
1. 503
1. 481
1.482
1.477
42.25
42. 71
42. 47
42. 45
42.49
42.17
43.31
36.2
36.5
36.8
36.1
35.8
35.5
36.3
1.167
1.170
1.154
1.176
1.187
1.188
1.193
59.13
59.62
59.47
60.07
60.50
60.23
62.39
43.0
43.2
43.0
43.0
43.0
42.9
43.6
1.375
1.380
1.383
1.397
1.407
1.404
1.431
58.91
59. 67
59.48
59. 69
60.18
59.10
59.60
43 8
44.2
43.9
43 7
43 8
43.2
43.6
1 34 fi
i 3fin
1.3ñfi
1 3^0
1 374
1 3fi8
1.367
54.53
54.45
54.87
55.16
54.97
56. 82
39.4
39.4
39. 5
39. 6
39.1
39.9
1.384
1.382
1.389
1.393
1.406
1.424
66.68
67.37
67.74
69.28
71.37
72.28
44.9
45.0
45.1
45.4
45.4
45.6
1.485
1.497
1.502
1.526
1.572
1. 585
43.64
42.76
41.83
42. 97
42. 72
44. 35
36.1
35.9
35.6
35.6
35.6
36.5
1.209
1.191
1.175
1. 207
1.200
1.215
59.45
59. 72
59.24
58. 96
60. 01
61.00
42.8
42.9
42.8
42.6
42.5
42.7
1.389
1.392
1.384
1.384
1.412
1.431
58.65
59.36
59.21
60.36
59. 96
61.77
43.0
43. 2
43 0
43. 3
43 2
43.9
1 3fi4
1 374
1 377
1 394
1 388
1.407
REVIEW , SEPTEM BER 1952
351
C: EARN IN GS AND HOURS
Table C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Finance 10
Banks
and
trust
com
panies
Year and month
Service
Security
dealers
Insur
and
ance
ex
carriers
changes
Hotels, year-round n
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
wkly.
wkly.
wkly.
earnings earnings earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Cleaning and dyeing
plants
Laundries
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Motionpicture
produc
tion
and
distri
bution »°
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
1950: A v e r a g e ______________________
1951: Average____ ____________
$46. 44
5 0 .3 2
$ 8 1 .4 8
8 3 .6 8
$ 5 8 .4 9
6 1 .3 1
$33. 85
3 5 .3 8
4 3 .9
4 3 .2
$ 0 .7 7 1
.8 1 9
$35. 47
3 7 .5 2
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
$ 0 .8 6 1
.9 1 3
$ 4 1 .6 9
4 4 .0 7
4 1 .2
4 1 .5
$ 1 ,0 1 2
1 .0 6 2
$ 9 2 .7 9
8 3 .9 5
June........... ....................... .
July____________________
August _______________________
50. 06
50. 50
50. 28
5 0 .3 6
50. 78
5 1 .1 3
6 1 .8 1
8 0 .9 7
7 7 .6 7
7 9 .1 4
8 1 .7 8
8 5 .2 0
8 3 .8 8
8 3 .0 9
61. 71
6 2 .0 9
6 1 .0 1
6 0 .9 1
6 1 .3 2
6 0 .7 0
6 2 .2 5
35. 24
35. 46
3 5 .2 9
35. 78
35. 91
3 6 .2 0
3 6 .8 1
4 3 .4
4 3 .4
4 3 .3
4 2 .9
4 2 .9
4 3 .1
4 3 .2
.8 1 2
.8 1 7
.8 1 5
.8 3 4
.8 3 7
.8 4 0
.8 5 2
3 8 .0 6
3 7 .8 3
3 7 .3 8
3 7 .8 7
3 7 .7 3
3 7 .9 3
3 8 .3 4
4 1 .5
4 1 .3
4 0 .9
4 1 .3
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 1 .4
.9 1 7
.9 1 6
.9 1 4
.9 1 7
.9 1 8
.9 2 5
.9 2 6
45. 45
4 4 .2 6
4 2 .5 6
44. 72
44. 36
4 3 .7 1
4 4 .1 4
4 2 .6
4 1 .6
4 0 .3
4 1 .6
4 1 .5
4 0 .7
4 1 .1
1 .0 6 7
1 .0 6 4
1 .0 5 6
1 .0 7 5
1 .0 6 9
1 .0 7 4
1 .0 7 4
83. 55
8 4 .1 3
8 3 .3 2
8 3 .9 8
8 5 .0 9
8 3 .6 8
8 6 .1 9
5 2 .0 5
5 2 .1 4
5 2 .3 0
52. 03
5 2 .1 3
52. 02
8 2 .7 9
8 3 .1 7
8 1 .3 4
8 2 .9 9
8 1 .9 7
8 1 .1 3
6 2 .0 9
6 2 .1 1
63. 22
36. 47
36. 59
3 6 .3 8
36. 72
3 6 .8 1
3 7 .1 9
4 2 .8
4 2 .8
4 2 .5
4 2 .8
4 2 .7
4 2 .9
.8 5 2
.8 5 5
.8 5 6
38. 55
37. 96
3 8 .0 0
3 8 .4 7
38. 96
3 9 .5 1
4 1 .5
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 1 .1
4 1 .4
4 1 .9
.9 2 9
.9 2 8
.9 2 9
.9 3 6
.9 4 1
.9 4 3
4 4 .0 8
4 3 .1 4
43. 39
45. 22
46. 56
47. 38
4 0 .7
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
4 1 .3
4 2 .1
4 2 .8
1 .0 8 3
1 .0 8 4
1 .0 8 2
1 .0 9 5
1 .1 0 6
1 .1 0 7
8 9 .3 5
9 0 .2 5
9 0 .4 7
8 9 .0 0
9 0 .7 8
9 1 .3 4
1951:
S e p t e m b e r _______ ___________
O c t o b e r . . . _____ ___________ _
N o v e m b e r ____________________
December_______________
1952: J a n u a r y ____________________ _
F e b r u a r y ________________ . . .
March______ ____ _______
April__________ _ _____
M ay.
_____ ________
J u n e ..
_____________________
62. 68
62. 42
6 3 .1 8
1 These figures are based on reports from cooperating establishments cover
ing both full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay
for any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. For the
mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants industries,
data relate to production and related workers only. For the remaining indus
tries, unless otherwise noted, data relate to nonsupervisory employees and
working supervisors. All series are available upon request to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Such requests should specify which industry series are de
sired. Data for the three current months are subject to revision without nota
tion; revised figures for earlier months will be identified by asterisks the first
month they are published.
8 Includes: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products (except
furniture); furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass products; primary
metal industries; fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipment); machinery (except electrical); electrical ma
chinery; transportation equipment; instruments and related products;
miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
* Includes: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-mill
products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied prod
ucts; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied prod
ucts; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; leather and leather
products.
4 Data relate to hourly rated employees reported by individual railroads
(exclusive of switching and terminal companies) to the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Annual averages include any retroactive payments made,
which are excluded from monthly averages.
• Data include privately and government operated local railways and bus
lines.
.858
.8 6 2
.8 6 7
• Through M ay 1949 the averages relate mainly to the hours and earnings o
employees subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act. Beginning with June
1949 the averages relate to the hours and earnings of nonsupervisory employ
ees. Data for June comparable with the earlier series are $51, 47,38.5 hours,
and $1 .337. Hours and earnings data for April 1952 affected by work stoppage.
7 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone Industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. During 1951 such employees made up 47 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments
reporting hours and earnings data.
1 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1951 such employees
made up 23 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in
telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
» N ew series beginning with January 1952; data relate to domestic em ploy
ees, except messengers, and those compensated entirely on a commission
basis. Comparable data for October 1951 are $70.52, 43.8 hours, and $1,610;
November—$70.31, 43.7 hours, and $1,609; December—$70.47, 43.8 hours,
and $1,609.
10 Data on average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not avail
able.
» Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips, not included.
•Preliminary.
tD ata are not available because of work stoppage.
Table C-2: Gross Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers in Selected Industries, in Current
and 1939 Dollars 1
M a n u fa c tu rin g
B itu m in o u scoal m in in g
L a u n d rie s
Y e a r a n d m o n th
C u rre n t 1939 C u rre n t 1939 C u rre n t
dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars
1939:
1941:
1946:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
A v erag e...................... $23.86
A v erag e...... ...............
29. 58
A v erag e...... ............. . 43.82
A v erag e___________
54.14
A v erag e____ ______
54.92
A v erag e_____ _____
59.33
A v erag e......................
64.88
1951: J u n e ______________
J u ly ..............................
A u g u st____________
M a n u fa c tu rin g
B itu m in o u scoal m in in g
L a u n d rie s
Y e a r a n d m o n th
65.08
64.24
64.32
1939
$23. 86
27.95
31.22
31.31
32.07
34.31
34.75
$23.88
30.86
58.03
72.12
63.28
70.35
77.86
$23. 88
29.16
41.35
41.70
36.96
40.68
41.70
$17. 69
19.00
30.30
34.23
34.98
35.47
37.52
$17.69
17.95
21.59
19. 79
20.43
20.51
20.09
34.93
34.42
34.47
77. 67
73. 71
77.23
41.69
39.50
41.38
38.06
37.83
37.38
20.43
20.27
20.03
*These series indicate changes in the level of weekly earnings prior to and
after adjustment for changes in purchasing power as determined from the
Bureau’s Consumers’ Price Index, the year 1939 having been selected for the
base period. Estimates of World War II and postwar understatement by
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C u rre n t 1939 C u rre n t 1939 C u rre n t 1939
d ollars d ollars do llars d o llars d o llars do llars
dollars
1951: S e p te m b e r________
O cto b e r______ ____
N o v e m b e r......... .......
D e c e m b e r........ ..........
1952: Ja n u a r y ..
___ .
F e b r u a r y __________
M a r c h ____ ________
A p ril__
_ _____
M a y _____________
Jun e 8_____________
1
$65. 49
65. 41
65. 85
67.40
$34. 89
34. 69
34. 71
35.43
$81. 61
80. 62
81.09
86.28
$13. 47
42. 76
42.74
45.35
$37.87
37.73
37.93
38.34
$20.17
66.91
66.91
67.40
65. 87
66. 61
66.98
35.17
35.40
35.64
34.70
35.03
35.12
86.39
80.27
79.26
45.41
42.46
41.91
35.12
35.33
32.16
38.55
37.96
38.00
38.47
38.96
39.51
20.26
20.08
20.09
20.26
20.49
20.71
66.68
67.18
61.35
20.01
19.99
20.15
the Consumers’ Price Index were not included. See the M onthly Labor
Review, March 1947, p. 498. Data from January 1939 are available upon
request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
8 Preliminary.
C: EARNIN OS AND HOURS
352
MONTHLY LABOR
Table C-3: Gross and Net Spendable Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers in Manufactur
ing Industries, in Current and 1939 Dollars 1
N e t sp en d a b le average w eek ly
earnings
N e t sp en d a b le average w eekly
earnings
G ross average
w eek ly earnings
G ross average
w eekly earnings
W o rk e r w ith
no d e p en d e n ts
P erio d
In d ex
A m ount (1939=
100)
W o rk e r w ith
3 d e p en d e n ts
C u r
re n t
dollars
1939
dollars
C u r
re n t
dollars
1939
dollars
1941: J a n u a ry .................... - $26.64
47. 50
1945: J a n u a ry .................... J u ly .............................. 45. 45
43.31
1946: J u n e ...........................-
111.7
199.1
190.5
181.5
$25. 41
39. 40
37. 80
37.30
$25. 06
30 76
28.99
27. 77
$26.37
45.17
43. 57
42.78
$26. 00
35.27
33. 42
31. 85
23.86
25.20
29. 58
36.65
43 14
46.08
44. 39
43. 82
49. 97
54.14
54. 92
59.33
64.88
100.0
105.6
124.0
153. 6
180.8
193.1
186.0
183.7
209.4
226.9
230.2
248.7
271.9
23. 58
24.69
28.05
31.77
36. 01
38.29
36. 97
37. 72
42. 76
47. 43
48.09
51.09
54.18
23. 58
24.49
26. 51
27.08
28. 94
30.28
28.58
26 88
26 63
27. 43
28. 09
29. 54
29.02
23. 62
24. 95
29.28
36.28
41.39
44. 06
42. 74
43.20
48.24
53.17
53.83
57. 21
61.41
23.62
24. 75
27.67
30. 93
33.26
34. 84
33.04
30.78
30.04
30.75
31. 44
33.08
32.89
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
A v erag e.................... A v erage......................
A v erag e.................... A v e ra g e .....................
A v erag e.................... .
A v erag e......................
A v erag e......................
A v e ra g e ................... .
A v erag e......................
A v erag e......................
A v erag e........ .............
A v erag e......................
A v erag e.......... ...........
• N et spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, social security and income taxes for which
the specified type of worker is liable. The amount of income tax liability
depends, of course, on the number of dependents supported by the worker
as well as on the level of his gross income. N et spendable earnings have,
therefore, been computed for 2 types of income-receivers: (1) A worker
with no dependents: (2) a worker with 3 dependents.
The computation of net spendable earnings for both factory worker with
no dependents and the factory worker with 3 dependents are based upon the
W o rk e r w ith
n o d e p e n d e n ts
P erio d
In d e x
A m ount (1939=
100)
1951: J u n e ............................. $65. 08
J u l y .............................. 64.24
A u g u s t........................
64. 32
S e p te m b e r_________
65. 49
O c to b e r___________
65.41
N o v e m b e r........ .........
65.85
D e ce m b e r_________
67.40
1952: J a n u a r y ___________
66.91
F e b r u a r y ____
66.91
M a r c h ____________
67. 40
A p ril______________
65. 87
M a y 3_____________
66. 61
J u n e * - - __________
66. 98
272.8
269.2
269.6
274.5
274.1
276.0
282.5
280.4
280.4
282.5
276.1
279.2
280.7
W o rk e r w ith
3 d e p e n d e n ts
C u r
re n t
dollars
1939
dollars
C u r
re n t
d o llars
$54. 53
53. 87
53 93
54. 85
54. 79
54.04
55.23
54. 85
54. 85
55.23
54. 06
54.62
54. 91
$29. 27
28. 87
28 90
29. 22
29. 06
28.48
29.03
28.83
29.02
29. 20
28. 48
28.73
28. 79
$81. 62
60. 94
61.01
61. 95
61.89
61.96
63.17
62.79
62. 79
63.17
61.97
62. 55
62.84
1939
d o llars
$33. 07
32. 65
32.69
33.00
32.83
32.66
33.21
33.01
33. 22
33.40
32.64
32.90
32.94
gross average weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing
industries without direct regard to marital status and family composition.
The primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring relative
changes in disposable earnings for 2 types of income-receivers. That series
does not, therefore, reflect actual differences in levels of earnings for workers
of varying age, occupation, skill, family composition, etc. Comparable data
from January 1939 are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
* Preliminary.
Table C-4: Average Hourly Earnings, Gross and Exclusive of Overtime, of Production Workers in
Manufacturing Industries 1
D u ra b le
goods
M a n u fa c tu rin g
E x c lu d in g
o v ertim e
P erio d
G ross
am ount
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
A v erag e____
A v erag e. . . .
A v erag e.........
A v erag e.........
A v erag e____
A v erag e.........
A v erag e____
A v erag e____
A v erag e.........
A v erag e____
A v erag e____
$0.729
.853
.961
1.019
1.023
1.086
1.237
1.350
1.401
1.465
1.594
Gross
In d ex
A m o u n t (1939=
100)
$0. 702
.805
.894
.947
.963
1.051
1.198
1.310
1.367
1.415
1. 536
Ex
c lu d
ing
over
tim e
N o n d u ra b le
goods
G ross
110.9 $0.808 $0.770 $0.640
127.2
.881
.723
.947
141.2 1.059
.976
.803
149.6 1.117 1.029
.861
152.1 1 .1 1 1 2 1.042
.904
166.0 1.156 1.12 2 1.015
189.3 1.292 1.250 1.171
207.0 1.410 1.366 1.278
216.0 1.469 1.434 1.325
223.5 1.537 1.480 1.378
242.7 1.678 1.610 1.481
Ex
clu d
ing
o v er
tim e
P erio d
$0.625
.698
.763
.814
>. 858
.981
1.133
1.241
1.292
1.337
1.437
1951: J u n e ...........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
E x c lu d in g
o v ertim e
G ross
am ount
G ross
In d ex
A m ount
J u ly ..............
A u g u s t_____
S e p te m b e r__
O cto b e r_____
N o v e m b e r__
D e c e m b e r.
1952: J a n u a r y .........
F e b r u a r y ___
M a r c h ______
A p r i l _______
M ay 3 _____
Ju n e ______
3
1 Overtime is defined as work in excess of 40 hours per week and paid for at
time and one-half. The computation of average hourly earnings exclusive of
overtime makes no allowance for special rates of pay for work done on holidays. Comparable data from January 1941 are available upon request to
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D u ra b le
goods
M a n u fa c tu rin g
$1.599
1.598
1.596
1.613
1.615
1.626
1.636
1.640
1. 644
1.656
1.655
1.657
1.658
* Eleven-month average.
period,
* Preliminary,
$1. 540
1.546
1.542
1. 554
1.557
1.569
1.571
1. 579
1.585
1.597
1.605
1.605
1.603
(1939=
100)
Ex
c lu d
ing
o v er
tim e
N o n d u ra b le
goods
G ross
243.3 $1.681 $1.611 $1.484
244.2 1.682 1.622 1.488
243.6 1.684 1.619 1.481
245.5 1.707 1.638 1. 489
246.0 1.705 1. 635 1.491
247.9 1.712 1.644 1.507
248.2 1.723 1.644 1.515
249.4 1.726 1.653 1.520
250.4 1.731 1.659 1. 522
252.3 1. 746 1.673 1.530
253.6 1.742 1.683 1.529
253.6 1.746 1.682 1.530
253.2 1.747 1.684 1.541
Ex
c lu d
ing
o v er
tim e
$1.441
1.444
1.441
1.444
1.450
1.465
1.468
1.476
1.480
1. 489
1.494
1.492
1.497
August 1945 excluded because of VJ-holiday
T able
353
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1
Birmingham
State
Arkansas
Arizona
Alabama
State
Phoenix
State
Mobile
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$51.05
50. 42
49. 64
50. 43
50.27
49. 72
51.58
51.60
51.34
50.83
50. 44
51.22
49. 75
1951: June_________
July....... ...........
August______
September___
October______
November___
December____
1952: January_____
February____
March_______
April.................
M ay..................
June________
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
40.2 $1.27 $60.90
1. 27 60.15
39.7
39.4
1.26 59.90
1 . 28 61.86
39.4
39.9
1.26 61.50
1. 24 58. 50
40.1
40.3
1.28 61. 50
1.29 61. 50
40.0
1.29 61.00
39.8
39.4
1.29 62.02
39.1
1.29 60.55
39.4
1.30 59.34
39.8
1.25 61.24
’*5*sié*
40.6
40.1
40.2
40.7
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.0
40.4
40.8
40.1
39.3
41.1
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.50 $56.17
1.50 53.73
1.49 55. 76
1.52 57.27
1.50 57.27
1.42 55.08
1.50 57.13
1.50 57.39
1.51 58.49
1. 52 56.82
1.51 59. 98
1. 51 61.20
1.49 58.60
41.0
39.8
41.3
41.8
41.8
40.8
41.7
40.7
40.9
40.3
40.8
40.8
38.3
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1.37 $68.51
1.35 66. 25
1.35 64.53
1.37 66.88
1.37 71.32
1.35 68. 77
1. 37 70.40
1.41 68.95
1.43 68.43
1.41 67.32
1.47 68.88
1.50 70. 55
1.53 72.91
Arkansas—
Continued
$45. 67
45.02
45.02
45.67
46.42
45. 78
45. 92
45.07
44.22
44. 58
45.88
46.44
46.56
41.9
41.3
41.3
41.9
42.2
42.0
41.0
40.6
40.2
39.8
40.6
41.1
41.2
$1.09 $72.84
1.09 71.05
1.09 72.66
1.09 73.60
74.02
1.1 0
1.09 72. 84
74.49
1 .1 2
72.94
1 .1 1
74.06
1.1 0
74. 75
1 .1 2
1.13 73. 85
1.13 74.94
1.13 76.43
40.7
39.9
41.3
41.2
41.4
40.2
40.8
39.8
40.3
40.3
39.9
40.2
40.7
$1. 79 $71. 47
1.78 71.21
1.76 71.46
1.79 72.45
1. 79 72.45
1.81 73.19
1.82 74.96
1.83 74.15
1.84 74. 86
1. 85 75.08
1. 85 74.39
1.87 75.86
1.88 76.53
41.1
38.1
44.5
45.1
44.6
38.4
38.9
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.1
39.7
39.7
42.9
42.1
40.3
40.8
42.3
42.3
43.9
42.6
42.6
41.0
40.4
41.4
42.3
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.0
40.7
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.3
41.8
41.0
41.3
41.2
40.8
41.2
41.4
$1.78 $68.36
1.62 63.29
1.59 71.20
1.61 70.98
1.65 73.97
1.74 68.45
1.79 74.15
1.83 68.60
1.82 70.63
1.82 69.37
1.81 69.42
1.84 69.95
1.85 70.26
39.9
37.9
43.4
42.6
44.3
38.5
39.8
37.7
37.7
37.2
37.7
38.5
38.0
San Diego
$1.74 $67.01
1.75 70.03
1.74 72.08
1.76 86.17
1.77 88.37
1.77 71.43
1.79 71.25
1.81 65.60
1.81 68.08
1.82 69.45
1.82 69.52
1. 84 67.83
1.85 72.44
39.4
39.3
42.3
48.5
49.6
39.3
39.6
36.9
37.8
38.1
38.7
38.4
40.5
$1.70 $71. 86
1.78 70.19
1.70 71.51
1.78 69.18
1.78 68. 98
1.82 68.34
1.80 72.67
1.78 64.12
1.80 66.86
1.82 67.59
1.80 67. 48
1. 77 70.58
1.79 71.79
42.0
40.6
41.2
39:5
39.4
38.9
41.2
36.1
38.4
37.8
37.9
38.8
39.3
1951: June..................
Ju ly ..................
A ugust............
September___
October______
November___
December........
1952: January_____
February........
March_______
April.................
M a y ................
June..................
fee f c c tro te s
at
$75.67
74.85
73.81
76.99
74.76
79.79
80.10
79.61
79.44
79.31
75.18
75.11
76.10
45.5
44.9
44.3
45.0
43.9
45.8
45.8
45.4
45.1
44.8
43.1
42.9
43.4
end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
39.9
40.2
39.8
41.3
41.1
40.0
40.0
41.2
40.1
40.4
40.9
41.6
41.6
$1.08
1.09
1.09
1 .1 0
1 .1 0
1 .1 1
1 .1 2
1 .1 2
1.13
1 .1 2
1 .1 2
1.13
1.13
$1.71 $65.14
1.67 65.10
1.64 62.02
1.67 63.71
1.67 61.45
1.78 64.83
1.86 67.42
1.82 63.96
1.87 65.92
1.87 65.85
1.84 65.85
1.82 66.42
1.85 63.34
42.3
42.0
40.8
41.1
39.9
42.1
42.4
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.9
41.0
39.1
$1.54 $63.23
1.55 65.10
1.52 62.02
1.55 64.48
1. 54 62.73
1.54 64.68
1.59 67.78
1.56 64.94
1.60 65.03
1.61 65.03
1.61 66.08
1.62 65.69
1.62 66.88
N ew Britian
$1.66 $69.26
1.66 68.17
1.66 69.26
1.70 69.00
1.70 68.14
1.74 70.08
1.75 70.98
1.75 71.49
1.76 71.97
1.77 70.77
1.75 67.91
1.75 67.83
1.75 67.59
44.0
43.6
44.0
43.7
43.4
43.8
44.0
43.9
43.5
42.9
41.6
41.4
41.3
$1.57 $60.56
1.56 60.27
1.57 60.42
1.58 60.68
1.57 60.94
1.60 61.76
1.61 63.38
1.63 62.36
1.65 62.47
1.65 63.34
1.63 60.59
1.64 63.71
1.64 63.96
N ew H a v e n
41.2
41.0
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.9
41.7
41.3
41.1
41.4
39.6
41.1
41.0
$1.47 $68.90
1.47 68.61
1.47 72.28
1.48 73.15
1.49 70.07
1.51 70. 58
1.52 71.55
1.51 71.23
1.52 73.11
1.53 73.59
1.53 72.33
1.55 72.40
1.56 72.92
39.4
39.1
40.1
40.2
41.2
38.9
39.8
39.2
39.4
39.7
38.8
38.8
39.2
$ 1.86
1.85
1.83
1.86
1.87
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.93
1.95
1.93
1.94
1.95
Connecticut
41.6
42.0
40.8
41.6
41.0
42.0
42.9
41.1
40.9
40.9
41.3
40.8
41.8
Bridgeport
State
Denver
State
San FranciscoOakland
$1. 71 $73.37
1.73 72.39
1.74 73.43
1.75 74.95
1.75 76.94
1.76 73.92
1.77 75.43
1.77 74.80
1.74 75.89
1.79 77.41
1. 78 74.96
1.82 75.05
1.83 76.38
$1.52 $67.34
1.55 66.61
1.52 66.57
1.55 67.57
1.53 67.22
1.54 68.60
1.58 69.88
1.58 69.67
1.59 69.80
1.59 69.83
1.60 66.93
1.61 68.47
1.60 69.00
42.8
42.2
42.2
42.4
42.0
42.4
42.8
42.5
42.3
42.2
40.6
41.3
41.6
$1.58 $67.90
1.58 68.49
1.58 68.26
1.60 69.07
1.60 69.05
1.62 70.77
1.63 71.71
1.64 70.16
1.65 71.11
1.66 71.76
1.65 69.70
1.66 72.85
1.66 72.33
42.0
41.9
41.8
42.0
41.6
42.3
42.6
41.8
42.0
42.0
41.0
42.6
42.3
$1.62
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.69
1.71
1.70
1.71
1.71
Delaware *
Connecticut—Continued
Hartford
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1. 55 $43.09
1.58 43. 81
1.58 43.38
1.60 45.43
1. 58 45.21
1. 55 44.40
1. 58 44.80
1 . 61 46.14
1.63 45.31
1.61 45.25
1.66 45. 81
1.67 47.01
1.68 47.01
Colorado
Stockton
San Jose
$73.10
61.79
70.40
72.76
73.39
66.75
69.64
72.65
72.52
73.24
70.87
72.92
73.40
$1. 55 $66. 50
1.57 66. 52
1. 57 63. 67
1.60 65.28
1 . 61 66.83
1. 57 65. 57
1.60 69.36
1. 56 68. 59
1.61 69. 44
1.63 66.01
1.68 67.06
1.70 69.14
1.74 71.06
Sacramento
Los Angeles
State
California—Continued
1951: June............ .
July...................
August______
September___
October______
November___
December____
1952: January______
February____
M arch..............
April________
M ay________
June..................
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
California
Little RockN . Little Rock
1951: June_________
J u ly .............
A ugust............
September___
October...........
November___
December____
1952: January_____
February____
March_______
A p r il...............
M ay_________
June..................
44.2
42.2
41.1
41.8
44.3
43.8
44.0
44.2
42.5
41.3
41.0
41.5
41.9
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Waterbury
Stamford
41.4
41.4
42.5
42.8
41.7
41.7
41.8
41.5
42.0
42.1
40.7
41.1
41.4
$1.66 $67.62
1.66
1.70
1.71
1.68
1.69
1.71
1.72
1.74
1.75
1.78
1.76
1.76
66.21
65.77
65.69
65.13
65.58
66.52
67.66
66.78
66.85
64.39
65.74
66.57
42.9
42.0
42.2
42.0
41.7
41.9
41.7
41.9
41.2
41.1
40.0
40.6
41.2
$1.58 $63.41
1.58 64.14
1.56 60.49
1.56 62.44
1.56 62.58
1.56 64.73
1.59 66.67
1.61 67.26
1.62 66.41
1.63 66.54
1.61 67. 56
1.62 66.95
1.62 66.84
State
41.5
41.3
41.4
41.6
40.9
41.1
41.8
41.7
41.2
40.7
40.8
41.2
41.8
$1.53
1.55
1.46
1.50
1.53
1.58
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.64
1.66
1.63
1.60
354
T able
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas ^C ontinued
D elaw are—C o n t.
Florida
W ilmington
State
G eorgia
T a m p a -S t. P e te rs b u rg
S ta te
Atlanta
Savannah
Year and month
A vg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
hours
ings
1951: June..............
July...............
A ugust____
Septem ber..
October_____
November___
December..
66.76
66.83
68.11
69.27
69.69
69.21
41.9
40.4
40.8
40.6
41.5
41.8
41.7
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.65 $49. 75
1.65 49.93
1.64 48.92
1.67 49. 78
1.67 50. 66
1.67 51. 50
1.66 52.38
42.8
42. 5
41.6
42.3
42.6
43.0
43.7
$1.16 $47.46
1.18 47. 24
1.18 47.11
1.18 47.94
1.19 49.42
1.20 48.16
1.20 48.96
41.3
41.0
40.8
41.0
41.6
40.6
40.8
$1.15 $46.40
1.15 44.89
1.16 44.43
1.17 45.98
1.19 46.10
1.19 46.26
1.2 0 48.08
52.37
52.49
52. 94
52.14
53.30
53.06
43.6
43.3
43.0
42.7
43.1
42.7
49. 95
49. 53
51.46
50.48
51.23
51.21
41.5
41.3
42.1
41.4
41.9
41.5
1952: January...
February.
M arch___
April.........
M ay_____
June_____
1.20
1 .2 1
1.23
1.2 2
1.24
1.24
Id a h o
1 .2 1
1.20
1.2 2
1.2 2
1.2 2
1.23
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
47.60
47.40
47.16
47.28
46.41
47.24
Davenport Rock
Island-Moline
State
1951: June........ .........
Ju ly....... ...........
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December____
$71.86
71. 58
72.04
72.85
67.90
70. 52
72.38
41.3
40.9
40. 7
4U. i
38.8
41.0
41. 6
$1.74 $68. 70
1.75 68.19
1.77 67.64
1.79 69.31
1.75 69.22
1.72 69.78
1.74 71.46
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
A pril................
M ay________
June________
72.39
70.40
70.70
69.83
73.97
77.46
40.9
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.2
42.1
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.75
1.84
1.84
State
1952: J a n u a r y . . ......... 67. 53
F e b r u a r y ____ 66'. 68
M a r c h _______ 65.87
A p ril_________ 64,08
M a y .................. 66. 67
J u n e ................... 66.13
42.1
41. 6
40. 9
39.8
41. 2
41.0
41.4
41.1
41.0
41.6
41.4
41.4
42.1
$1.66 $73. 72
1.66 72.74
1.65 70. 55
1.67 74.08
1.67 73.97
1.69 70.50
1.70 75.16
40.6
40.2
39.3
40.4
40.4
39.0
40.9
74.68
74.83
76. 91
76.64
76. 95
75.12
40.2
39.7
40.5
40.3
40.6
39.9
D es Moines
$1.57 $66. 64
1. 57 66. 69
1. 57 67. 37
1. 58 69. 91
1. 58 68.69
1. 59 66. 21
1.61 66.04
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.62
1 . 62
1 . 62
State
$54.68
56.16
55.21
56. 44
55. 62
55. 57
55.12
40.5
41. 6
41. 2
41. 5
41. 2
42.1
42. 4
1952: January_____
February.........
M arch______
April________
M a y __ ______
June.................
54.81
54. 81
57. 41
57.95
58. 87
60. 76
40.9
40.9
41. 3
41.1
41. 4
41.9
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.31 $55.18
1.31 55.74
1.32 55.99
1.34 55.61
1.33 57.62
1.35 56. 30
1.35 60.14
1.19
1.2 0
1.2 0
1.20
1.19
1.19
55.22
55.49
56.43
56.84
56.28
56.99
41.2
39.5
39.8
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.2
41.0
1.36
1.37
1.39
1.40
1.40
1.39
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
hours
ings
56.01
55.88
59. 06
59.08
60.49
61.05
$1.82 $70.20
1.82 71.18
1.80 72.24
1.83 70.44
1.83 71.98
1.81 73. 75
1.84 73.83
41.5
42.1
40.9
40.9
42.3
42.3
42.6
73.83
74.23
73. 33
73.07
72.89
71.81
42.6
41.1
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.1
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.88
67.01
67.64
66. 94
66.27
68.18
67. 24
40.1
39.8
40.3
40.8
40. 3
39.6
39.2
39.7
40.1
39.7
39.0
39.8
38.7
State
$1 . 66 $67.06
1 . 68 65. 37
1.67 69.92
1.71 71.20
1.70 70.82
1.67 70. 29
1.69 71.21
1. 69
1.69
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.74
71. 80
70.22
69.28
68.07
68. 30
69.71
43.1
41.7
43.9
44.4
43.8
43.7
44.1
$1.69 $75.42
1.69 71.77
1.77 75. 45
1.72 75. 31
1.70 73.53
1.74 75.97
1.73 78.82
1.73
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.79
79. 99
79.38
77. 57
78.17
77.80
77.41
45.3
43.8
45.6
45.0
43.5
44.7
45.5
46. 2
45 5
44. 4
44 8
44. 3
43.9
43.9
43.0
42.2
41.7
42.0
42.1
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.63
1.63
1.66
69. 35
64.81
62.62
63.55
66.78
63.41
$1.35 $51.74
1 . 35 54.00
1. 34 54.89
1. 36 54.00
1. 35 54. 54
1. 32 54. 00
1. 30 54. 67
53.47
52. 67
54. 66
54.10
56. 28
57.82
38.9
40.0
41.9
40.6
40.4
40.0
40.2
39.9
39.6
39.9
39. 2
40.2
39.6
State
$1.33 $51.60
1.35 50. 50
1.31 51.28
1.33 53. 39
1.35 50.73
1.35 50. 06
1. 36 56. 34
1. 34
1. 33
1.37
1.38
1.40
1.46
55.07
55.19
55.18
53.91
53. 22
55.77
39.7
38.5
40.1
40.5
38.5
37.6
41.7
41.4
41.4
41.2
40. 1
39.5
41.2
1.33
1.33
1. 34
1.35
1. 35
1.35
57.35
56. 70
55. 75
54. 34
54.82
56.68
$1.32
1.34
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.37
41.8
41.7
42.9
42.5
42.9
43.3
1.34
1.34
1.38
1.39
1.41
1.41
State
$1.66 $72.07
1.64 72.68
1.65 72.44
1.67 72.84
1.69 73.50
1. 70 73. 61
1.73 74.92
43.4
34.4
41.3
43.1
42.2
43.2
43.2
43.8
42.1
42.6
41.7
43.1
41.8
41.7
41.8
42.0
42.2
41.9
41.7
42.4
$1.73
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.75
1. 76
1.77
1 73
1 74
I 75
1 74
1. 76
1. 76
Wichita
$1.42 $75.76
1.44 76.14
1. 41 77. 44
1.48 78.92
1.50 78.10
1. 52 76.91
1.61 77.11
1. 58
1.54
1.47
1.52
1.55
1.52
79.23
79.68
76.10
71.20
73.22
73.14
State
45.0
45.2
45.4
46.0
45.6
45.5
45.8
$1.68
1.71
1.71 $59.98
1.71 61. 45
1.69 61.16
1.68 60.75
40.7
41. 4
41.1
41.6
$1.47
1.49
1. 49
1.46
46.0
46.0
43.8
42.0
42.5
42.5
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.69
1.72
1.72
41.8
41.6
41. 6
40.4
42.0
42.7
1. 44
1.47
1.51
1. 50
1.50
1.48
1.68
60. 30
60.90
62. 59
60.53
63.18
63. 38
Maryland
Portland
$1.30 $54. 30
1. 31 53. 47
1.28 55.09
1.32 53.71
1.32 52.24
1. 33 51.78
1.35 56.77
41.8
41.6
42.1
41.5
43.0
41.7
43.9
Kentucky
Maine
N ew Orleans
1.34
1. 34
1.39
1. 41
1. 41
1. 45
Rockford
Topeka
$1. 56 $61. 84
1.57 49.47
1. 59 58.30
1.60 63. 83
1.62 63.28
1.61 65.88
1.61 69. 39
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
In d ia n a
Kansas
Louisiana
1951: June..................
J u ly ................
August______
September......
October_____
November___
December___
$1.16 $53.97
1.16 51.75
1.16 52.54
1.17 54.14
1.17 53.47
1.18 54.68
1.19 55.08
Peoria
Iowa
42.4
41. 5
41. 6
41. 6
42. 0
42.2
42.8
40.0
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.0
39.7
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Illin o is
State
1951: J u n e . . ............... $66. 64
J u l y --------- . . . . 65.02
A u g u s t_______ 65.10
S e p te m b e r___ 65. 84
O c to b er______ 66. 27
N o v e m b e r___ 66.89
D e ce m b e r........ 68. 74
40.0
38.7
38.3
39.3
39.4
39.2
40.4
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings hours
41.1
40.8
42.1
41.1
39.8
38.8
42.3
42.6
41.9
41.5
40.4
41.1
42.5
State
$1.32 $60.17
1.31 59.94
1.31 57.94
1. 31 59.70
1. 31 60.15
1.34 61.49
1.34 61.22
1.35
1. 35
1. 34
1. 34
1. 33
1. 34
61. 35
62.13
61.96
58.93
63. 21
61.41
40.7
40.6
40.5
41. 2
40.5
40.9
40.7
40.2
40.5
40.1
38.5
40.8
41.0
Baltimore
$1.48 $63t 94
1. 48 64.18
1.43 63. 60
1. 45 64.97
1. 48 63. 63
1.51 64. 44
1.51 63.99
1.53
1. 53
1. 55
1. 53
1. 55
1.50
63. 98
65.19
65.60
61. 23
66. 31
64.48
41. 2
41.2
40. 8
41.9
40. 9
41. 0
40.8
40. 3
40.9
40. 6
38. 4
40. 8
40.8
$1.55
1 . 56
1.56
I 55
1.56
1 57
1.57
1.59
1.59
1 . 62
1 59
1 63
1.58
REVIEW , SEPTEM BER 1952
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
355
Table C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas1—Continued
Massachusetts
State
Boston
Fall River
N ew Bedford
Worcester
Springfield-Holyoke
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
1951: J u n e ...............
July_________
August______
September___
October............
November___
December........
$60.17
59.31
59.34
60.43
59.57
59.95
62.30
40.5
39.9
39.8
40.0
39.1
39.2
40.6
$1.49 $62. 99
1. 49 61.20
1.49 61.66
1.51 62.93
1.52 61.46
1. 53 63.36
1.53 64.37
40.9
40.0
40.3
40.6
39.4
40.1
41.0
$1. 54 $48. 26
1.53 46.25
1.53 43.15
1.55 42.63
1. 56 43. 72
1.58 41. 96
1. 57 44.64
$1 . 26 $50. 54
1. 24 50.81
1.24 50. 67
1. 25 52. 09
1.26 51. 52
1 . 26 51.15
1. 24 53. 54
$1.33 $65.36
1.33 63. 55
1.33 64. 27
1.36 65. 47
1. 40 64.80
1. 39 65. 85
1.38 67.14
1952: January..........
February.........
M arch_______
April________
M ay_____ . . .
June_______ .
62. 28
62.60
62. 46
61. 22
61.53
62. 75
40.5
40.5
40.3
39.5
39.7
40.5
64. 78
64. 55
64.80
64.00
64.16
64.72
41.0
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.1
40.2
1. 54
1.55
1.55
1.55
1. 55
1.55
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.60
1 . 61
46.05
48.97
48.99
48. 21
49. 34
48.44
38.3
37.3
34.8
34.1
34.7
33.3
36.0
35.7
37.1
37.4
36.8
37.1
36.7
1.29
1.32
1.31
1. 31
1.33
1.32
53. 54
53.16
52. 58
49. 50
50. 37
51.89
38.0
38.2
38.1
38.3
36.8
36.8
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.1
36.4
36.5
37.6
1. 38
1.37
1.38
1.36
1. 38
1. 38
68. 95
68. 88
68. 64
68.06
67.82
69. 47
41.9
41.0
41.2
41.7
40.5
40.9
41.7
42.3
42.0
41.6
41.5
41.1
42.1
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
$1.56 $67.49
1.55 66. 83
1.56 66.91
1. 57 67. 89
1.60 68.14
1 . 61 65.90
1 . 61 69.46
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.65
1.65
69.63
68.14
67. 47
65. 46
67. 70
67.80
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.9
41.0
40.8
40.9
40.8
39.7
41.1
$1.65
1.63
1.64
1 . 66
1.67
41.2
40.8
40.4
39.2
40.3
40.6
1.69
1.67
1. 67
1.67
1.66
1.69
1.68
1. 67
Michigan
State
1951: June..................
J u ly .............. .
August—..........
September___
October............
November___
December____
$74. 57
73. 26
74. 61
75. 64
76. 67
75. 32
78.53
39.9
39.2
39.9
40.0
40.5
39.6
40.9
1952: January...........
February____
M arch_______
A pril................
M ay..................
June..................
78.73
77. 95
78. 76
78.11
78. 81
78. 67
40.9
40.6
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.2
Detroit
$1.87 $75. 70
1.87 73.87
1.87 76.64
1. 89 78.09
1.89 78.92
1.90 78.05
1. 92 81.08
1.93
1.92
1.94
1.94
1.95
1. 96
80. 72
80.12
81. 20
79. 46
80.63
80. 36
38.9
37.9
39.2
39.5
39.8
39. 2
40.3
40.1
39.9
40.0
39.2
39.7
39.2
Flint
$1.95 $76. 49
1.95 74.38
1. 96 76. 34
1.98 77.05
1.98 76. 97
1.99 74. 61
2.0 1 78. 66
39.9
38.8
39.7
39.9
39.9
38.6
40.4
83.12
78. 36
79.08
80. 72
80. 08
77.58
42.0
40.1
39.9
40.5
40.3
38.5
2.0 1
2.0 1
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.05
Michigan—Continued
$75.35
74.99
76.68
75. 26
75.60
70. 79
74.37
42.0
41.5
42.6
42.0
42.0
39.7
41.0
1952: January_____
February____
March_______
April.................
M ay________
Ju n e.................
73. 89
75. 85
76. 44
76. 82
77.50
76.46
40.8
41. 7
41.5
41.5
41.6
40.8
State
$1.79 $63. 98
1.81 64. 42
1.80 63.80
1.79 64. 74
1.80 66.42
1. 78 67. 62
1.81 68.78
1.81
1.82
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
$1.92 $69. 20
1.92 71.18
1.92 70.71
1.93 70.16
1.93 70.08
1.93 67.83
1. 95 71.91
1.98
1.95
1.98
1.99
1.99
2.02
72.51
72.68
72. 81
70. 99
72. 28
72. 95
68. 38
67.83
68.37
67.47
68.23
69. 52
41.4
41.7
41.3
41.5
41.8
42.2
42.6
42.3
41.6
41.7
41.0
41.2
41.9
Duluth
1951: June_________
J u ly ................
A ugust.......... .
September___
October______
November.......
December____
$60. 23
58.89
60.35
61.00
60.12
61.18
62.51
40.2
39.2
40.1
40.0
39.8
39.7
40.6
1952: January_____
February____
March............ .
A pril................
M ay.......... .......
June_________
62.80
62.88
63.91
62.85
63.43
63.23
40.9
40.6
40.8
40.1
40.2
40.2
$1. 55 $65.19
1.55 67.95
1.55 63. 87
1. 56 68.00
1.59 69.09
1.60 68.21
1 . 61 69. 57
39.2
40.9
38.4
40.7
40.6
40.6
41.2
70.21
68. 92
69. 65
68.19
65. 04
62.60
41.4
40.8
41.0
40.4
38.5
38.7
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.66
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Kansas C ity 2
$1.50 $65.12
1.50 59.40
1.51 67.40
1. 52 69.46
1. 51 68. 91
1.54 68.93
1.54 69. 94
41.2
37.7
41.6
42.5
42.0
41.9
42.5
69.04
68. 85
69.30
69. 96
68.41
66.76
41.7
41.4
41.1
41.4
40.9
39.5
1. 53
1.55
1. 57
1. 57
1.58
1.57
$1.69 $77.04
1. 71 78.06
1.71 78.88
1. 71 72.69
1. 71 80. 87
1. 71 79. 48
1.74 83. 41
41.6
41.5
41.3
40.2
41.0
41.4
1. 74
1. 75
1.76
1. 77
1.76
1. 76
85.40
79. 48
80.12
83.80
81.97
79. 84
40.4
40.3
40.7
36.9
41.3
39.6
41.6
42.3
40.2
40.0
41.3
40.7
39.7
$1.91 $77.30
1. 94 76. 62
1. 94 74. 23
1.97 66.50
1. 96 79. 27
2.01 74. 55
2.01 82.66
1.98
1. 97
2.00
2.03
2.0 1
2.0 1
80. 79
81.65
82.78
81. 21
77.55
78.51
$1 . 66 $64.82
1.66 65.04
1.66 66.67
1. 67 67.47
1.70 67.48
1.68 67.94
1. 69 68.51
41.5
41.3
41.8
42.2
42.1
41.9
42.0
69.48
69.41
68.90
68.70
69. 37
70.71
42.1
42.0
41.8
41.6
41.8
42.3
1.70
1.69
1.70
1. 69
1.69
1.62
St. Louis
$1. 58 $63. 29
1. 58 63.04
1 . 62 63.07
1.63 64. 08
1.64 63. 07
1. 65 63. 95
1.65 65. 56
1. 65
1.66
1. 69
1.69
1. 67
1. 69
65.63
65.43
66.69
65. 87
66. 51
67. 55
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.8
39.6
39.1
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.7
40.0
40.0
40.5
$1. 59 $71.98
1.59 75.13
1. 58 73. 40
1.61 69. 64
1. 59 72.28
1.63 71. 27
1.61 75.06
1 . 62
1 . 62
1. 64
1. 65
1 . 66
1. 67
74.77
75.68
74. 52
72.14
76.33
75.40
40.2
39.8
38.7
35.0
40.3
37.9
40.9
$1. 92
1.93
1.92
1.90
1.97
1.97
2.02
40.1
40.5
40.4
39.5
38.2
38.6
2.0 1
2.02
2. 05
2.06
2.03
2.03
Mississippi
State
St. Paul
Minneapolis
Missouri
State
40.9
41.6
41.4
41.1
41.1
39.6
41.4
Muskegon
Minnesota
Saginaw
1951: June..................
July........... .
August...........
September___
October______
November__
December____
Lansing
Grand Rapids
$1. 56 $66.09
1. 58 66.35
1.59 64. 89
1.60 66.40
1.60 67.43
1 . 62 67.33
1.63 67.43
1.65
1.65
1.65
1. 65
1.66
1.67
67.39
67.34
68.53
68. 69
68. 44
69.72
40. 7
40.2
39.4
40.1
40.6
40.4
40.5
40.1
39.6
40.2
39.8
39.6
40.0
$1.62 $42.12
1.65 42.64
1.65 42. 22
1. 65 42.84
1 . 66 43.05
1.67 43.46
1.67 43. 26
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.8
41.0
41.0
41.2
$1.03
1.04
1.04
1.05
1. 05
1.06
1.05
43.20
43.44
44.06
44.39
45.04
45. 45
40.8
40.6
40.8
41.1
41.7
41.7
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.09
1.68
1.70
1. 71
1.73
1.73
1. 74
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
State
State
State
41.3
42.5
41.5
38.8
41.8
40.6
41.4
41.2
41.2
40.7
39.7
41.3
40.7
$1. 74 $59.02
1. 76 58.11
1. 77 60. 58
1.79 60.01
1.73 59.11
1. 75 61. 77
1.81 62.68
1.82
1. 84
1.83
1.82
1. 85
1.85
59.03
59.33
58.66
59.14
60.35
61.87
43.0
42.3
43. 5
42 9
42 2
43 5
43 8
41.5
41.8
40.9
41.1
41.8
43.4
$1.37 $73. 74
1.37 74. 52
1.39 73.51
1.40 71.92
1. 40 72. 25
1.42 72.07
1.43 76.80
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.44
1. 45
1.42
75. 52
78.40
79.99
81.32
80.70
81.67
41.9
42.1
41.3
39.3
39.7
39.6
40.0
$1.76
1. 77
1.78
1.83
1.82
1.82
1.92
40.6
41.7
42.1
41.7
41.6
42.1
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.95
1.94
1. 94
356
G: EARNINOS AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
Table C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas1—Continued
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey
Manchester
State
State
Newark-Jersey City
Paterson
Perth Amboy
Year and month
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
kly.
earn earn w
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
1951: June............
July........... .
A ugust___
September.
October___
November.
December-
$53.87
52. 67
54.27
54. 54
52.63
53.96
56.44
40.5
39.6
40.5
40.4
38.7
39.1
41.2
$1.33 $51.19
1.33 50. 79
1.34 51.03
1.35 51.47
1.36 51.38
1.38 50. 92
1.37 54.51
38.2
37.9
37.8
37.3
36.7
36.9
39.5
$1.34 $67. 24
1.34 67.03
1.35 66.26
1.38 67.16
1.40 66.74
1.38 68.35
1.38 69.72
41.0
40.7
40.5
40.8
40.4
41.0
41.4
$1. 64 $69.14
1.65 67. 85
1.64 68.60
1.65 68. 51
1.65 68. 46
1.67 69. 96
1.68 71.14
$1.66 $67. 73
1.66 67. 73
1 . 66 65. 97
1.67 67. 56
1.68 65.40
1. 69 68.59
1. 71 70.43
$1. 64 $67.53
1.64 67.73
1.64 67. 24
1.66 69.14
1.63 68.18
1.67 68.89
1.69 69. 34
41.3
40.9
40.8
41.3
40.9
41.4
41.2
$1.63
1952: January__
February..
March____
April...........
M ay_____
June_____
56.72
56. 58
56.44
55.21
54.80
55.75
41.4
41.3
41.2
40.3
40.0
40.4
55. 58
56.00
54.74
53.62
52. 54
53.10
39.7
40.0
39.1
38.3
37.8
38.2
69. 55
69.96
70. 50
68. 45
69. 42
70.22
41.2
41.3
41.3
40.1
40. 5
40.8
40.6
41.0
41.3
39.7
41.0
41.5
1.69
1.70
1.72
1.71
1.72
1.74
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
is#
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.38
New Jersey--Con.
$65.12
64. 48
65.20
65. 45
66.09
65.89
67.07
40.3
39.8
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.6
1952: January—
February. .
March____
April..........
M ay..........
June..........
67.44
67.11
67.51
64.55
66.23
65.34
40.6
40.6
40.5
39.0
39.9
39.6
State
$1.62 $66.12
1.62 66.12
1.63 68. 54
1.62 69. 71
1. 64 70.18
1. 64 68.80
1.65 70.56
1.66
1.65
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.69
1.69
1. 71
1. 71
1.71
1.72
71.39
71. 55
71. 71
70.32
71.42
71.63
41.6
41.6
41. 5
40.6
41.0
41.0
1. 72
1. 72
1.73
1.73
1.74
1. 75
N ew Mexico
Trenton
1951: June...........
J u ly ...........
A ugust___
September.
O ctober...
November.
Decemher.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1. 40
1.39
1.39
41.6
40.9
41.2
41.1
40.8
41.3
41.7
70.36
72.76
69. 55
70. 56
70.08
69.87
43.5
43.5
44.8
44.4
44.7
43.0
44.1
42.9
44.1
41.9
42.0
43.8
43.4
1.64
1. 65
1 . 66
70.79
73.92
1.68
67. 57
70.19
69. 87
1.60
1.61
68.20
41.4
41.5
41.6
40.3
41.6
41.6
70.17
70.14
70.76
68.27
71. 88
72. 05
1.70
1.69
1.70
1.69
1. 73
1.73
68. 49
69.66
70. 91
67.81
70. 72
72.00
1.66
1. 65
1.67
1.67
1.66
1.68
N ew York
Albuquerque
$1.52 $67. 78
1. 52 64.36
1.53 72.22
1. 57 73.09
1. 57 73.16
1.60 70.40
1.60 69.12
41.2
41.1
40.2
40.8
40.0
41.0
41.7
45.8
43.2
46.0
45.4
46.6
44.0
43.2
43.7
44.0
42.1
41.2
42.8
43.4
$1.48 $64. 60
1.49 64.70
1. 57 64.97
1.61 65.39
1. 57 64.20
1.60 66.08
1.60 67.20
1.62
1.68
1.62
1.64
1. 64
1 . 61
Albany-ScheneetadyTroy
State
39.7
39.5
39.4
39.6
39.0
39.7
40.1
66.94
67.13
67.73
65.18
66.70
39.9
39.8
40.0
38.8
39.5
39.6
66.86
$1.63 $71. 43
1. 64 69.12
1. 65 68. 66
1.65 71.13
1.65 72.39
1.66 72.94
1.67 74.35
41.8
40.2
40.0
41.0
41.5
41.7
42.0
72. 44
73. 36
74.35
72.00
70. 01
71.01
41.5
41.7
41.7
40.5
39.5
39.6
1.68
1.69
1.69
1.68
1.69
1.69
Binghamton
$1.71 $59.04
1.72 60.52
1.72 60. 75
1.73 61.79
1.74 62. 06
1. 75 62.11
1. 77 61.95
37.6
38.4
38.6
39.0
39.2
39.1
38.8
$1.57
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.59
1.60
62.91
62.50
61.90
62.58
62. 44
63.68
39.0
38.5
37.7
38.0
37.7
38.6
1 . 61
1.62
1.64
1.65
1 . 66
1.65
1.75
1.76
1. 78
1.78
1.77
1.79
N ew York—Continued
Buffalo
1951: June............
July.............
August___
September.
October___
November.
December..
$74.19
74.83
73.99
74. 91
74. 26
75. 32
75.83
41.9
41.8
41.5
41.9
41.4
41.7
41.9
1952: January___
February..
M arch____
April....... .
M a y _____
June............
76.13
76. 21
77. 61
72.07
76. 29
75.45
41.7
41.7
41.8
39.4
41.3
41.0
Nassau and Suffolk
counties
Elmira
$1.77 $65.70
1.79 63.33
1.78 64. 61
1.79
64.68
1.79 66.26
1.81 66. 38
1.81 66.09
1.83
1.83
1 . 86.
1.83
1.85
1.84
66.32
67.57
69.34
66. 45
67.81
68.28
41.3
40.0
40.6
40.3
40.7
40.8
40.3
40.1
40.8
41.5
40.0
40.7
40.6
$1.59 $71.89
1.58 74. 28
1.59 75.86
1.60 76.87
1.63 76. 59
1.63 82.07
1.64 83.66
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.68
80. 56
80.19
84.11
79.81
82.97
81.44
42.9
42.9
43.5
43.9
43.6
45.3
46.0
44.6
44.6
46.1
44.1
45.3
44.5
N ew York--Continued
U tica-Boine
1951: June..........
July...........
August__
September
O ctober...
November
December.
$62.95
61.24
60. 45
60.93
62.04
62.86
65.60
40.9
39.8
39.5
39.2
39.5
40.0
40.7
1952: January....
February..
M arch___
April_____
M ay...........
June.......... .
65.01
64.24
64.14
63.85
64.91
64.76
40.7
40.4
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.2
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.60
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.61
1.61
64.10
64.19
66.00
64.38
66.17
68.13
39.7
38.5
40.1
39.4
38.7
39.7
39.4
39.3
39.5
40.0
39.0
39.8
40.7
$1.67 $62. 25
1.73 63.33
1.74 63. 79
1.75 63.95
1.76 61.38
1.81 64.04
1.82 65.44
1.81
1.80
1.82
1.81
1.83
1.83
37.7
37.7
37.6
37.7
36.6
37.9
38.4
64.81
65.35
65.95
62.57
64. 25
64.79
38.1
38.2
38.6
37.0
38.1
38.1
Rochester
$1. 65 $69. 95
1.68 69. 25
1.70 69. 59
1.69 69. 92
1.68 69.82
1.69 71.26
1.70 72.10
1.70
1.71
1.71
1.69
1.69
1.70
71.72
70. 90
72.07
71.87
71.73
71.50
41.4
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.2
41.6
42.0
41.5
41.1
40.8
40.8
40.7
40.6
North Carolina
Westchester County
$1.54 $64.84
1.54 61.92
1.53 64. 74
1.55 63.01
1.57 60.08
1.57 62.45
1.61 61.92
N ew York City
State
$1.63 $45.86
1.61 44.53
1.62 43.76
1.60 44.02
1.55 44.83
1.57 45.96
1.57 47.19
1.63
1.63
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.67
46.77
46.57
46.11
45.08
46.35
46.94
38.6
37.7
37.3
37.8
38.3
38.9
39.7
39.2
38.9
38.4
37.7
38.6
39.1
1.19
1.2 0
1.2 0
1.20
1.2 0
1.2 0
50.11
49. 91
50.04
48.88
50.65
49.84
$1.69 $70.04
1.68 69.03
1.69 68.37
1.69 69.08
1.70 69.38
1.71 69.78
1.72 71.07
1.73
1.73
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.76
70.68
69. 46
69.82
69.30
70.93
69.52
43.3
42.8
42.5
42.6
42.6
42.5
42.7
$1.62
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
42.6
42.0
41.7
41.3
41.7
41.5
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.67
1.68
1.70
1.68
North Dakota
Charlotte
$1.19 $50.53
1.18 49. 38
1.17 48.12
1.17 48.53
1.17 48. 22
1.18 48.73
1.19 50.43
Syracuse
40.7
39.9
38.9
39.4
39.1
39.1
40.3
39.9
39.9
38.9
38.8
40.1
39.9
State *
$1.24 $58.60
1.24 60. 21
1.24 60.07
1.23 61. 56
1.23 62.18
1.25 65.37
1.25 62.95
1.26
1.25
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.25
60.42
60.99
59. 56
59.86
61.22
66.15
44.9
45.5
44.9
45.7
46.5
47.2
45.7
43.8
43.6
43.3
43.7
44.3
46.2
Fargo
$1.30 $59.77
1.32 63.18
1.34 63.56
1.35 62.29
1.34 66.12
1.39 69.86
1.38 66. 66
1.37
1.40
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.43
64.77
59.84
61.00
62. 76
62.29
73. 46
42.7
45.8
43.7
44.1
46.1
47.2
45.8
$1.40
1.38
1.45
1.41
1.43
1.48
1.46
44.4
41.7
42.7
43.4
42.9
46.7
1.46
1.43
1.43
1.45
1.45
1.57
357
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
REVIEW , SEPTEM BER 1952
Table C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1—Continued
O regon
O k lah o m a
O hio
P o r tla n d
S ta te
T u lsa
O k la h o m a C ity
S ta te
S ta te
Y e ar a n d m o n th
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e arn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
$1. 77
1.78
1.79
1. 78
1.80
1.80
$61. 98
63. 27
63.60
65.08
62.18
63. 94
65. 85
63.60
63.27
64.26
63.08
62.47
65.99
41.6
41.9
42.4
43.1
42.3
43.2
43.9
42.4
41.9
42.0
41.5
41.1
42.3
1951: J u n e ...................
J u l y ..............
A u g u s t ............
S e p te m b e r___
O c to b er______
N o v e m b e r___
D e c e m b e r____
1952: J a n u a r y . ........... $73.83
F e b r u a r y _____ 73.44
M a r c h _______ 73.99
A p ril.............. . 72.60
M a y . . . .......... 72. 56
J u n e _________ 71. 52
41.6
41.2
41.4
40.7
40.4
39.7
A vg.
w k ly .
e arn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
$1.49 $59.49
1. 51 61. 77
1. 50 61.92
1. 51 62. 46
1.47 62.34
1.48 62.78
1.50 62.49
1.50 61. 91
1.51 62.06
1.53 61.63
1.52 62.63
1.52 62. 79
1.56 63.36
42.8
43.5
43.3
44.3
43.9
43.9
43.7
43.6
42.8
42.8
42.9
43.3
43.4
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e arn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
$1. 39 $63.19
1.42 67.12
1.43 65. 45
1.41 67. 30
1.42 68. 05
1.43 68. 36
1.43 71.75
1.42 70.15
1.45 69.01
1.44 69. 76
1.46 66. 40
1. 45 69.21
1.46 72. 08
41.3
43.3
42.5
43.7
42.8
44.1
45.7
44.4
43.4
43.6
41.5
42.2
42.4
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
$1.53 $77.96
1.55 74.12
1.54 77. 21
1.54 77. 32
1.59 77.51
1.55 76. 61
1.57 76.97
1. 58 76.29
1. 59 77.25
1.60 76.76
1.60 79. 57
1.64 77.72
1.70 80.80
39.9
38.9
40.4
39.3
39.0
38.2
38.5
38.6
38.8
38.1
38.7
38.1
39.6
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
$1.95 $72.29
1.90 69. 40
1.91 70. 32
1.97 72. 41
1.99 72. 87
2.00 71. 97
2.00 73.49
1. 97 72.50
1.99 72.48
2 . 01 73.22
2.06 73.99
2.04 73.83
2.04 75.43
39.3
38.0
38.9
39.6
39.8
38.6
39.2
38.9
38.6
38.5
38.6
38.3
39.3
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
ings
A vg.
h rly .
e arn
ings
$1.84
1.83
1.81
1.83
1.83
1.87
1.87
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.93
1.92
P e n n s y lv a n ia
A lle n to w n -B e th leh e m -E a sto n
S ta te
1951: J u n e . . . ............. $63. 76
J u l y . — ............. 63. 47
A u g u s t ............. 63. 28
S e p te m b e r___ 64. 65
O c to b er............. 64.13
N o v e m b e r___ 64.49
D e ce m b e r........ 65. 79
1952: J a n u a r y --------- 66. 06
F e b r u a ry ------- 66.15
66.64
M a r c h ......... ..
A p ril............ — 64. 01
M a y ........... ....... 64. 54
J u n e _________ 61.99
40.0
39.9
39.7
40.2
40.0
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.5
40.6
39.1
39.5
38.8
$1.59 $61.43
1.59 61.27
1. 59 60.18
1.61 63.63
1.61 61.39
1 . 61 63.16
1.63 63.24
1.63 63.72
1.63 63.16
1.64 63.44
1.64 61.06
1.64 61.34
1.60 59. 99
1. 57 $66. 95
1. 57 68.68
1. 56 67.11
1.58 70.01
1.56 67.44
1. 58 69.50
1. 59 70.00
1. 59 74.91
1.58 73.14
1. 59 72.58
1. 59 68.91
1. 59 67.10
1. 51 69.52
39.1
39.0
38.6
40.3
39.3
39.9
39.9
40.0
39.9
39.9
38.4
38.6
39.7
E rie
41.1
41.3
40.5
42.0
40.6
41.2
41.3
43.3
42.4
42.1
39.9
39.4
40.7
Jo h n sto w n
H a rris b u rg
40.4
39.4
40.4
41.2
39.7
41.0
40.7
40.9
40.6
41.2
39.9
40.0
40.3
$1.63 $57. 89
1 . 66 56.15
1.66 58.66
1.67 59. 74
1.66 57.29
1.69 59. 66
1. 70 59. 75
1.73 60.12
1.73 59.97
1.72 61.14
1.73 59.17
1.70 60.08
1. 71 55. 45
$1.43 $66. 88
1.43 65.64
1.45 64.89
1.45 71.84
1.44 67. 52
1.46 69. 77
1. 47 71.94
1. 47
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.50
1.38
38.0
37.2
37.2
40.3
38.6
39.4
40.1
L a n c a ste r
$1.76 $58.30
1. 76 57.62
1. 74 57.94
1. 78 58.93
1.75 57.10
1. 77 55.99
1.80 58.08
57.57
58.73
58.57
57. 95
59.49
59.99
41.7
41.6
41.3
41.5
40.9
40.4
40.9
40.6
41.1
40.9
40.3
41.0
41.4
$1.40
1.39
1.40
1.42
1.40
1.39
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.45
P e n n s y lv a n ia — C o n tin u e d
P h ila d e lp h ia
1951: J u n e ...............
$65. 65
J u l y __________ 65. 77
A u g u s t_______ 65.24
S e p te m b e r___ 66.54
O c to b e r--------- 66.17
N o v e m b e r----- 67.40
D e ce m b e r____ 68.31
1952: J a n u a r y ______ 67.77
F e b r u a r y ____ 68. 43
M a r c h _______ 69. 25
A p ril.................. 67.39
M a y . . ............... 68.07
J u n e _________ 68.84
40.6
40.5
40.2
40.7
40.2
40.9
41.0
40.7
40.9
41.0
39.9
40.3
40.4
$1.62 $73.18
1.62 72.84
1.62 72.91
1.64 74.10
1.65 73.73
1.65 73.08
1.67 74. 92
1.67 74. 64
1.67 74. 92
1.69 74.84
1.69 70.85
1.69 71.66
1.70 61.97
40.7
40.4
40.8
40.6
41.1
40.6
41.3
40.9
41.3
41.1
39.1
30.7
34.2
$1.80 $60.61
1.80 58.75
1.79 59.29
1.83 58.86
1.79 60.14
1.80 60.06
1.81 60.02
1.83 61.43
1.81 61.19
1.82 60.14
1.81 57.42
1.81 60. 76
1.81 60.14
38.8
38.0
38.2
37.9
38.5
38.6
38.4
39.1
39.2
38.9
36.9
39.0
38.5
1951: J u n e . . . ............. $56.35
J u l y __________ 55.35
A u g u s t_______ 52. 22
S e p te m b e r----- 55.55
O c to b e r............ 54. 51
N o v e m b e r----- 55.50
D e c e m b e r____ 59.47
1952: J a n u a r y .......... . 59.10
F e b r u a ry ......... 57. 93
58.27
M a r c h ............
A p ril................. 57.53
M a y _________ 58.50
J u n e ____ _____ 59.33
40.3
39.6
38.1
39.7
38.1
38.2
41.1
40.5
40.3
40.1
39.6
39.9
39.9
See footnotes a t e n d of ta b le.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
P ro v id e n c e
$1.40 $56.70
1.40 55.67
1.40 53.89
1.40 55. 91
1.43 55.68
1.45 55.76
1.45 59.68
1.46 59.23
1.44 69.35
1.45 59. 99
1.45 57.63
1.46 57.96
1.49 59.47
$1.56 $47.86
1.55 47.10
1.55 47.80
1.55 47.94
1.56 47.44
1.56 47.83
1. 56 49.29
1.57 49.71
1.56 50.44
1.55 51.09
1.56 47.05
1.56 50.47
1.56 50. 44
38.2
37.8
38.0
37.9
37.5
38.2
38.6
38.3
38.8
39.0
35.8
38.5
38.5
$1.25 $45.05
1.25 45.16
1.26 44.45
1.27 46.32
1.27 46.01
1.25 47.30
1.28 48. 51
1.30 47.49
1.30 48. 55
1.31 49.05
1.31 44.82
1.31 48.94
1.31 47.76
35.7
36.1
35.5
36.7
36.4
37.3
37.9
36.9
37.4
37.7
34.4
37.5
37.2
40.7
40.0
38.7
40.0
39.1
38.9
41.3
40.9
41.5
41.6
40.1
40.5
41.2
$1.39 $47.76
1.39 46.18
1.39 45.58
1.40 45.43
1.42 45.82
1.43 46.14
1.45 47.44
1.45 46.96
1.43 47. 24
1.44 46.41
1.44 45.43
1.43 46.17
1.44 46.17
S ta te
40.0
39.0
38.5
38.6
39.0
38.9
40.1
39.8
39.7
39.0
38.5
38.8
38.8
S ta te
C h a rle sto n
$1.19 $45.49
1.19 45. 03
1.18 47.18
1.18 47.84
1.18 48.20
1.19 45.68
1.18 47. 91
1.18 46.46
1.19 47.04
1.19 46. 92
1.18 47.44
1.19 48. 67
1.19 47.97
Y o rk
$1.26 $55.31
1.25 54.34
1.25 53.93
1.26 52.97
1.26 54.97
1.27 55.27
1.28 56.82
1.29 57.09
1.30 56. 50
1.30 56. 22
1.30 53.98
1.31 56. 52
1.28 56.56
41.4
41.2
40.7
40.5
41.3
41.4
41.9
42.1
41.3
41.1
39.4
40.9
41.8
$1.34
1.32
1.33
1.31
1.33
1.34
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.38
1.35
S o u th D a k o ta
S o u th C aro lin a
R h o d e Isla n d
S ta te
W ilk es-B arreH a ze lto n
S c ra n to n
R e a d in g
P itts b u r g h
39.9
39.5
41.1
42.0
41.8
40.0
41.7
40.4
40.9
40.1
40.2
41.6
41.0
$1.14 $57. 26
1.14 58.10
1.15 57.96
1.14 57.99
1.15 56. 44
1.14 62. 22
1.15 60. 91
1.15 63.06
1.15 63.71
1.17 62.24
1.18 60. 42
1.17 59.66
1.17 62.17
42.7
43.9
12.9
42.6
41.6
44.8
43.6
45.2
45.0
43.8
42.7
42.7
44.4
Sioux F a lls
$1.34 $62.47
1.32 62. 40
1.35 61.85
1.36 62. 21
1.36 59. 46
1.39 67. 78
1.40 69. 55
1.40 70.50
1.42 71.94
1.42 68.88
1.41 66. 49
1.40 64.18
1.40 66.37
43.7
44.9
42.8
43.1
41.3
46.9
47.3
47.8
47.6
45.6
44.2
42.5
44.1
$1.43
1.39
1.45
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.47
1.47
1. 51
1. 51
1.50
1.51
1.50
358
T able
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas. 1—Continued
Tennessee
State
Chattanooga
Texas
Knoxville
M emphis
N ashville
State
Year and month
1951: J u n e ______
July--------A u g u s t___
S e p te m b e r,
O e to b e r___
N o v e m b e r,
D e ce m b e r..
1952: J a n u a r y ___
F e b r u a r y ..
M a r c h ____
A p r il...........
M ay_____
J u n e ...........
Avg.
Avg.
w kly. wkly.
earn
hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn w kly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wAvg.
kly.
earn earn
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$52. 26
51.87
50.
52.40
52. 40
52. 93
53. OU
40.2
39.9
39.4
40.0
40.0
40.1
40.3
$1.30 $52.93
1.30 52.01
1.29 51.61
1.31 54.64
1.31 53.86
1.32 53.86
1.33 55. 61
$1.32 $59. 47
1.31 58.20
1.31 58.20
1.34 58.32
1.33 57. 63
1.33 57.89
1.34 58.69
$1.44 $58. 64
1.43 59. 22
1.43 57. 95
1.44 59. 35
1.43 60.34
1.44 60. 20
1.46 61.49
$1.37 $53.33
1.40 53.20
1.37 53.20
1.39 54. 27
1.40 53.86
1.40 53.87
1.42 54. 40
$1.32 $61.84
1.32 63.30
1.33 63. 60
1.35 64.33
1.35 64.50
1.34 64.75
1.34 65.82
53.73
53.47
53.60
53.07
53. 20
54.00
40.4
40. 2
40.3
39.9
40.0
40. 6
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
54.14
52.93
54.14
54.13
54. 54
55. 08
40.1
39.7
39.4
40.7
40.5
40.5
41.5
40.4
39.5
40.1
39.8
40.4
40.8
1.34
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.35
1.35
41.3
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.2
57. 74
58.14
58.69
58. 55
58.36
59.79
40.1
40.1
40.2
40.1
39.7
40.4
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.48
61.06
62. 35
62.35
62. 50
61.77
62. 62
Utah
State
1951: J u n e ..............
J u ly _______
A u g u s t____
S e p te m b e r O c to b e r___
N o v e m b e r..
D e c e m b e r...
1952: J a n u a r y ___
F e b ru a ry __
M a r c h _____
A p r il....__
M a y ..............
J u n e _______
$66.98
63.38
63.43
61. 95
61.00
64. 94
69.86
41.6
41.7
40. 4
41.3
39.1
41.1
42.6
68.06
66.33
68.06
64.06
62.92
63. 04
41.0
40.2
41.0
39.3
38.6
39.4
$1.61 $67. 73
1. 52 64.68
1. 57 64. 37
1. 50 66.68
1. 56 65.83
1.58 66.62
1.64 70.15
1.66
1.65
1.63
1.63
1.60
43.0
43.3
43.3
43.1
42.6
42.6
1.42
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.47
66.83
67. 32
69.89
68. 22
67.73
69. 47
State
$73. 87
70. 68
71.97
72.05
73.24
72. 69
74. 56
39.5
38.0
38.3
38.1
38.8
37.9
38. 5
1952: January__
February..
M arch____
April_____
M a y _____
June_____
72.79
75.47
76. 44
75.40
74.86
76.98
38.0
38.8
39.1
38. 5
38. 5
39. 5
42.6
42.0
41.0
42.2
41.4
41.9
43.3
41.0
41.3
42.1
41.6
41.3
41.6
State
$1.59 $57.36
1.54 57.03
1.57 56.79
1.58 58.04
1.59 57.75
1.59 55.95
1.62 59. 39
1.63
1.63
1.66
1.64
1.64
1.67
Burlington
$1.32 $54.89
1.32 55. 41
1.33 54.71
1.35 55. 09
1.34 53.43
1.36 53. 59
1.36 58. 22
43.6
43.1
42.9
43.2
43.1
41.3
43.5
60. 06
59.30
59. 75
58.71
58. 39
58.92
Seattle
$1.87 $73.08
1.86 72.20
1.88 70.99
1.89 71.00
1.89 71.38
1.92 71.20
1.93 73.32
1.92
1. 95
1.96
1.96
1.94
1. 95
40.4
39.3
39.0
38.8
40.1
40.3
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.39
1.37
1.36
63.87
63.95
64. 72
64. 37
62.73
64. 94
43.8
43.0
43.1
42.4
42.6
42.7
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.38
1.37
1.38
56.35
55.79
55. 78
53.84
55.98
57. 49
40.8
40.7
40.4
39.7
38.6
38.4
40.8
70.89
75.04
75.97
72.05
72.58
73.11
39.5
38.9
38.6
38.1
38.0
37.8
38.6
37.3
38.7
39.2
37.7
38.1
38.5
Spokane
$1.85 $70.07
1.86 69.66
1.84 69. 27
1 . 86 70.60
1.88 71.28
1.88 71.54
1.90 73.03
1.90
1.94
1.94
1.91
1.91
1.90
40.2
40.4
39.7
39.5
40.1
40.6
41.1
Springfield
$1.35 $73. 20
1.36 72. 36
1.36 73.38
1.39 75.00
1.38 74.64
1.40 72.15
1.42 77.05
40.4
39.3
39.5
38.6
39.5
40.2
1.39
1.42
1.41
1.40
1.42
1.43
72.33
72. 01
72.37
72.07
74. 32
75.07
40.6
40.5
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.9
81.77
79.20
78.57
75.25
75.10
75.73
1.78
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.82
1.84
73.80
72.86
74. 57
74. 67
74. 47
76.28
38.3
38.5
37.7
37.8
39.4
37.1
38.0
1951: June_________
J u ly ..................
A ugust______
September___
October............
November___
December____
$69.83
75.19
71.12
72. 41
72. 61
73.99
76. 62
39.2
42.3
40.1
39.6
40.0
40. 7
41.3
1952: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April...... ..........
M ay________
June_________
76.16
73.86
77.19
/4. 5/
76. 26
75.08
41.3
40. 2
40.7
39.9
40. 4
39.8
La Crosse
$1.78 $64. 25
1.78 60. 54
1. 77 61. 66
1.83 64. 32
1.82 64.01
1 . 82 62. 64
1.86 65. 62
1.84
1.84
1.90
1.87
1.89
1.89
65. 58
66. 55
66. 53
67. 93
68. 93
68.09
39.7
37.4
37.8
39.7
39.3
38.7
40.1
39.4
39.4
38.8
39.0
39.7
39.4
Madison
$1.62 $70.09
1.62 69. 02
1.63 67.38
1.62 70. 71
1.63 69.73
1.62 76.12
1.64 74. 77
1 . 66
1. 69
1. 71
1.74
1.74
1.73
74. 59
71. 49
69.03
70.31
74. 29
73.83
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.1
40.2
39.8
41.5
40.9
43.4
42.8
42.4
40.4
39.2
39.2
40.7
41.0
1.51
1. 53
1. 53
1.54
1. 53
1. 55
1.92
1.89
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.92
49.5
48.6
47.6
45.7
45.5
45.8
$1.53 $50. 53
1. 54 50. 55
1. 54 49. 64
1.58 50. 42
1.59 49.90
1.59 51.60
1.64 52.91
1.65
1.63
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.66
52.53
52.14
51.48
51.61
52. 40
53.20
40.1
39.8
39.4
39.7
39.6
40.0
40.7
$1.26
1.27
1 . 26
1.27
1 . 26
1.29
1.30
40.1
39.8
39.3
39.1
39.7
40.0
1.31
1.31
1.31
1. 32
1.32
1.33
State
State
$1.82 $63.11
1.82 62. 96
1.81 61.86
1.86 63.36
1.86 63.44
1.88 63.84
1.90 65. 53
38.5
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.7
47.8
47.1
47.7
47.5
47.0
45.5
47.0
Wisconsin
64. 22
64.39
64. 61
63.73
65.11
63.30
40.2
39.6
39.4
39.6
39.9
39.9
40.7
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.1
39.7
39.5
$1. 57 $69. 20
1.59 66.70
1.57 67. 49
1.60 67. 83
1.59 68.78
1.60 69.74
1.61 72.64
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.63
1. 64
1.63
71.52
72.31
71.61
70.85
71.59
71.35
42.5
42. 5
42. 2
42.0
42.1
42.0
43.1
$1.63
1.57
1.60
1 . 61
1. 63
1 . 66
42.2
42. 5
42.1
41. 5
41.8
41.9
1. 70
1. 70
1. 70
1. 71
1.71
1.70
1.68
Wyoming
Milwaukee
$1.71 $75.38
1.72 73.41
1.70 74. 67
1.71 75. 50
1.71 75.12
1.76 75. 61
1.75 78. 59
1.77
1.78
1.76
1.80
1.83
1.81
42.3
41.8
42.3
41.8
41.0
41.9
State
W isconsin—Continued
Kenosha
$1.49
1.50
1. 50
1.51
1. 50
1. 52
1.52
West Virginia
Tacoma
$1.74 $69.82
1.72 70.15
1.74 68.24
1.79 70.21
1.78 73. 21
1.76 69. 56
1.78 72.14
41. 5
42. 2
42.4
42. 6
43.0
42.6
43.3
Virginia
Washington
1951: June.......... .
July--------August___
September,
October__
November.
December..
54.54
53.06
53. 04
53.93
54. 94
54.81
40.4
40.3
40.0
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.6
Vermont
Salt Lake City
1.66
42.8
42.3
42.3
42.7
43.1
43.0
43.3
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
76.95
78.13
76. 56
77.02
77. 09
76.28
42.3
41.5
42.1
42.1
41.9
42.0
43.1
41. 6
42.2
41.7
41.3
41.3
41.2
Racine
$1.78 $77. 93
1.77 72.96
1.77 75. 41
1.79 75.74
1.79 75. 88
1.80 75. 71
1.82 77.98
1.85
1.85
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.85
77.52
79.25
78. 65
77.59
78.39
77. 71
42.8
40.8
41.8
41.7
41.6
41.2
41.8
41.3
42.0
41.4
40.9
41. 2
40.8
State
$1.82 $72.95
1. 79 70.34
1.80 73. 69
1 . 81 77. 71
1.82 67.97
1.84 70.94
1 . 86 72.42
39.8
38. 5
41. 4
40. 6
37.1
39.0
39.0
$1.83
1.83
1. 78
1.91
1.83
1.82
75. 61
75.70
76.04
75.32
71.61
76.62
39.3
40.7
41.1
40.8
38. 5
40.2
1. 92
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.86
1.86
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.91
more detailed industry data. See table A -8 for addresses of cooperating State
agencies. 2 Kevised series; not comparable with data previously published.
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
359
D : PRICE S AND COST OF LIVING
D: Prices and Cost of Living
T able D - l : Consumers’ Price Index 1 for Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities, by Group of
Commodities
11935-39—100)
Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration
Year and month
All items
Food
Apparel
Total
1913: Average..................... .........1914: Average------ ----------------1915: Average..............- ................
1916: Average..................... ...........
1917: A verage.____ __________
1918: Average....................... .........
1919: Average________________
1920: Average------ ----------------1921: Average....................... .........
1922: Average________________
1923: Average________________
1924: Average________________
1925: Average___ _____ _______
1926: A verage................................
1927: Average....................... .........
1928: Average....................... .........
1929: Average___________ ____
1930: Average........ —.......... .........
1931: Average------ ----------------1932: A v e ra g e ..............................
1933: Average................................
1934: Average--------- --------------1935; Average................................
1936: Average................................
1937: Average.................................
1938: Average.......... ...................
1939: Average________________
1940: Average........................ .......
1941: Average________________
1942: Average......................... .......
1943: Average_________ ____ _
1944: Average........................... .
1945: Average......................... .......
1946: Average................................
1947: Average________________
1948: Average________________
1949: Average........................ .......
1950: Average________________
1951: A v e r a g e ..____ _______
1950: Januarv 15_____ _____ _
June 15_______ ________
1951: January 15..... .....................
January 15_______ ______
July 1 5 . .. ............................
J u ly 15. . ................... .........
August 15______________
August 15______________
September 15___________
September 15................. .......
October 15........... ................
October 15______________
November 15___________
November 15____________
December 15_________ ..
December 15___ _________
1952: January 15__ _____
January 15___ .
February 15____________
February 15_____________
March 15______ _______
March 1 5 ______ ____ ___
April 15__________ _____
A p r i l 1 6 ________________
M ay 15____
___
M ay 1 5 . _____ _
June 15_________________
June 1 5 ________________
July 15__________ ______
J u l y 15_____________ . .
Housefurnishings
Rent
70.7
71.8
72.5
77.9
91.6
107.5
123,8
143.3
127.7
119.7
121. 9
122.2
125.4
126.4
124.0
122.6
122.5
119.4
108.7
97.6
92.4
95.7
98.1
99.1
102.7
100.8
99.4
100.2
105.2
116.6
123.7
125.7
128.6
139.5
159.6
171.9
170.2
171.9
185.8
168.2
170.2
181.5
181.6
185.5
185.8
185.5
185.6
186.6
186.5
187.4
187.8
188.6
189. S
189.1
190.0
189.1
190. 2
187.9
188.S
188.0
188.4
188.7
79.9
81.8
80.9
90.8
116.9
134.4
149.8
168.8
128.3
119.9
124.0
122.8
132.9
137.4
132.3
130.8
132.5
126.0
103.9
86.5
84.1
93.7
100.4
101.3
105.3
97.8
95.2
96.6
105.5
123.9
138.0
136.1
139.1
159.6
193.8
210.2
201.9
204.6
227.4
196.0
203.1
221.9
221.6
227. 7
227.5
227.0
226. 4
227.3
226.5
229.2
229.2
231.4
232.1
232.2
233.9
232.4
234.6
227.5
229.1
227.6
229.2
230.0
69.3
69.8
71.4
78.3
94.1
127.5
168.7
201.0
154.8
125.6
125.9
124.9
122.4
120.6
118.3
116.5
115.3
112.7
102.6
90.8
87.9
96.1
96.8
97.6
102.8
102.2
100.5
101.7
106.3
124.2
129.7
138.8
145.9
160.2
185.8
198.0
190.1
187.7
204.5
185.0
184.6
198.5
199.7
203.3
204.9
203.6
205.2
209.0
210. 7
208.9
211.0
207.6
209.9
206.8
209.1
204.6
206.7
204.3
206.1
203.5
205.6
202.7
92.2
92.2
92.9
94.0
93.2
94.9
102.7
120.7
138.6
142.7
146.4
151.6
152.2
150.7
148.3
144.8
141.4
137.5
130.3
116.9
100.7
94.4
94.2
96.4
100.9
104.1
104.3
104.6
106.4
108.8
108.7
109.1
109.5
110.1
113.6
121.2
126.4
131.0
136.2
129.4
130.9
133.2
126.0
136.2
128.8
136.8
129.3
137.5
130.0
138.2
130.8
138.9
131. 4
139.2
131.8
139.7
132.2
140.2
132.8
140.5
132.9
140.8
61.9
62.3
62.5
65.0
72.4
84.2
91.1
106.9
114.0
113.1
115.2
113.7
115.4
117.2
115.4
113.4
112.5
111.4
108.9
103.4
100.0
101.4
100.7
100.2
100.2
99.9
99.0
99.7
102.2
105.4
107.7
109.8
110.3
112.4
121.1
133.9
137.5
140.6
144.1
140.0
139.1
143.3
144-5
144.0
145.7
144.2
146.0
144.4
146.3
144.6
146.8
144.8
147.0
144.9
147.1
145.0
147.2
145.3
147.3
145.3
147.4
145.3
1 8 9 .6
2 3 2 .3
2 0 5 .0
1 3 3 .2
1 4 7 .2
Gas and
electricity
Other
fuels
(»)
(>)
(«)
(>)
(*)
(»)
(')
(*)
(s)
(*)
(>)
(»)
(>)
(«)
(«)
(»)
(*)
(»)
(»)
(»)
(s)
(•)
102.8
100.8
99.1
99.0
98.9
98.0
97.1
96.7
96.1
95.8
95.0
92.3
92.0
94.3
96.7
96.8
97.2
96.7
96.8
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.2
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.4
97.4
97.4
97.4
97.5
97.5
97.6
97.6
97.9
97.8
97.9
97.8
98.0
9 8 .1
Miscella
neous •
Ice
205.8
206.3
206.3
206.7
206.6
207.0
206.8
207.1
206.7
207.1
206.8
207.1
206.1
(*)
(»)
(>)
(»)
(«)
(•)
(')
(«)
(*)
(»)
(*)
(»)
(*)
(«)
(!)
(»)
(*)
<«)
(’)
(»)
(>)
(8)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.2
100.4
104.1
110.0
114.2
115.8
115.9
115.9
125.9
135.2
141.7
147.8
155.6
145.5
147.0
152.0
152.9
157.6
157.6
157.8
167.8
157.8
157.8
156.3
156.3
156.3
166.3
156.3
156.3
156.3
156.3
156.3
156.3
156.5
156.5
156.5
210. 8
212.7
211.1
212.8
210.4
212.0
210.8
212.5
210.2
211.8
209.1
210.6
208.6
210.0
207.6
209.2
206.2
50.9
51.9
53.6
56.3
65.1
77.8
87.6
100.5
104.3
101.2
100.8
101.4
102.2
102.6
103.2
103.8
104.6
105.1
104.1
101.7
98.4
97.9
98.1
98.7
101.0
101.5
100.7
101.1
104.0
110.9
115.8
121.3
124.1
128.8
139.9
149.9
154.6
156.5
165.4
155.1
154.6
162.1
163.7
165.0
166.3
165.4
166.8
166.0
167.5
166.6
168.1
168.4
169.9
169.1
170.5
169.6
171.1
170.2
171.5
170. 7
172.0
171.1
2 0 6 .2
1 5 6 .6
2 0 7 .7
1 7 2 .4
(«)
(•)
(*)
(>)
(•)
(«)
(»)
(»)
(J)
(>)
(»)
(*)
(»)
(J)
(»)
(’)
(*)
(’)
(«)
(*)
(»)
<’)
98.4
99.8
101.7
101.0
99.1
101.9
108.3
115.1
120.7
126.0
128.3
136.9
156.1
183.4
187.7
194.1
204.5
193.1
189.0
202.3
201.8
203.7
203.4
204.2
2 0 4.0
204.9
2 0 4.8
59.1
60.7
63.6
70.9
82.8
106.4
134.1
164.6
138.5
117.5
126.1
124.0
121.5
118.8
115.9
113.1
111.7
108.9
98.0
85.4
84.2
92.8
94.8
96.3
104.3
103.3
101.3
100.5
107.3
122.2
125.6
136.4
145.8
159.2
184.4
195.8
189.0
190.2
210.9
184.7
184.8
207.4
208.9
212.4
21 4 .8
189.0
230.8
202.3
141.3
144.6
98.2
203.1
156.5
205.4
190. 4
2 5 4 .6
1 3 3 .7
1 4 5 .5
9 8 .2
2 0 1 .8
1 5 6 .5
2 0 7 .0
1 7 2 .9
189.6
231.5
2 0 4 .4
141.6
144.8
98.4
203.4
156.8
204.4
172.5
9 8 .7
2 0 2 .1
1 5 6 .8
2 0 5 .7
1 7 3 .9
190.8
234.9
202.0
204.0
20Í.4
192. i
2 3 9 .1
2 0 3 .3
1 9 1 .1
2 3 6 .0
1 3 4 .0
14Í.9
146.4
98.3
208.4
162.1
204.2
173.0
1 3 4 -3
1 4 7 .8
9 8 .7
2 0 5 .6
1 6 2 .1
2 0 5 .8
1 7 4 .4
i The “Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families in large cities”
formerly known as the “ Cost-of-living index” measures average changes in
retail prices of goods, rents, and services purchased by wage earners and
lower-salaried workers in large cities.
U . S. Department of Labor Bulletin No. 699, Changes in Cost of Living in
Large Cities in the United States, 1913-41, contains a detailed description of
methods used in constructing this index. Additional information on the
index is given in the following reports: Report of the Joint Committee on the
Consumers’ Price Index of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, A Joint
Committee Print (1949); September 1949 M onthly Labor Review, Construc
tion of Consumers’ Price Index (p. 284); April 1951 Monthly Labor Review,
Interim Adjustment of Consumers’ Price Index (p. 421), and Correction of
N ew Unit Bias in Rent Component of C PI (p. 437); and Consumers’ Price
Index, Report of a Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Educa
tion and Labor (1951).
The Consumers’ Price Index has been adjusted to Incorporate a correction
of the new unit bias in the rent index beginning with indexes for 1940 and
1 4 5 .9
171.4
adjusted population and commodity weights beginning with indexes for
January 1950. These adjustments make a continuous comparable series
from 1913 to date. See also General Note below.
Mimeographed tables are available upon request showing indexes for each
of the cities regularly surveyed by the Bureau and for each of the major groups
of living essentials. Indexes for all large cities combined are available since
1913. The beginning date for series of indexes for individual cities varies from
city to city but indexes are available for most of the 34 cities since World
War I.
J The Miscellaneous group covers transportation (such as automobiles and
their upkeep and public transportation fares); medical care (including pro
fessional care and medicines); household operation (covering supplies and
different kinds of paid services); recreation (that is, newspapers, motion pic
tures, radio, television, and tobacco products); personal care (barber and
beauty-shop service and toilet articles); etc.
* Data not available.
N o t e .— The old series of Indexes for 1951-52 are shown in italics in tables D - l ,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D—2,
D - 5 s n I for reference.
360
D : P R IC E S AND COST OF L IVING
MONTHLY LABOR
T able D -2: Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families, by City,1 for Selected Periods
[1935-39-100]
City
July 15, June 15, May 15, Apr. 15, Mar. 15, Feb. 15, Jan. 15, Dec. 15, N ov. 15, Oct. 15, Sept. 15, Aug. 15, July 15, Jan. 15, June 15, J u ly 15,
1952
1952
1952
1952
1951
1952
1952
1952
1951
1951
1951
1951
1951
1951
1950
1962
.Average___________
Atlanta, Ga__............
Baltimore, M d____
Birmingham, A la ...
Boston, M ass...........
Buffalo, N . Y ...........
Chicago, 111_______
Cincinnati, Ohio___
Cleveland, Ohio___
Denver, Colo______
Detroit, M ich...........
Houston, Tex_____
Indianapolis, I n d ...
Jacksonville, Fla___
Kansas City, M o ...
Los Angeles, C alif..
Manchester, N . H ..
Memphis, T enn___
Milwaukee, W is___
Minneapolis, M inn.
Mobile, Ala_______
New Orleans, La__
N ew York, N . Y.___
Norfolk, Va_______
Philadelphia, P a___
Pittsburgh, P a____
Portland, M aine___
Portland, Oreg____
Richmond, Va..........
S t. L ouis, M o ______
San Francisco, Calif.
Savannah, Ga_____
Scranton, P a ...........
Seattle, Wash_____
Washington, D . C._
190.8
0
0
196.7
183.1
189.9
195.9
190.9
(2)
192.8
193.5
195.1
192.1
(2)
185.6
192.1
190.2
189.6
189.0
188.7
188.0
187.9
189.1
189.1
188.6
187.4
186.6
185.5
185.5
181.5
170.2
192.4
0
194.2
194.5
180.4
0
195.6
190.1
0
0
192.3
194.6
194.4
0
194.2
179.9
0
194.7
189.4
192.7
0
191.8
194.3
0
0
193.3
178.9
188.8
193.1
188.4
0
191.1
191.7
194.7
0
193.0
193.6
179.1
0
192.7
187.5
0
0
190.7
194.3
195.2
0
193.9
179.3
0
191.9
187.1
191.8
0
190.7
194.3
0
0
194.7
180.0
188.3
194.1
188.3
0
192.3
192.0
195.4
0
193.3
196.0
180.9
0
194.2
187.9
0
0
191.9
196.0
196.1
0
196.3
180.0
0
194.3
187.8
192.0
0
191.5
195.1
0
0
196.0
179.3
186.9
193.5
187.0
0
191.2
190.2
194.4
0
190.5
191.4
177.8
0
191.8
186.8
0
0
189.0
194.1
193.1
0
190.5
177.2
0
190.9
185.3
189.1
0
188.5
193.0
0
0
189.2
176.9
185.5
190.9
185.6
0
187.6
188.6
192.6
0
0
188.2
173.5
180.8
185.4
182.3
0
184.9
184.2
190.1
0
174.7
171.6
165.5
0
175.1
170.5
0
0
173.5
175.8
0
0
199.0
185.7
190.8
198.4
192.9
0
196.5
196.8
194.2
189.8
0
195.6
0
190.9
0
190.2
0
188.0
187.9
0
182.4
0
0
0
190.7
0
0
195.1
0
0
190.5
183.0
190.9
0
182.3
190.0
187.0
0
0
0
0
0
184.2
0
195.9
0
190.4
0
191.4
0
187.7
187.3
0
184.0
0
0
189.6
0
0
195.3
0
0
190.0
184.1
189.9
0
180.4
187.9
187.0
0
0
0
0
0
183.0
0
192.0
0
187.2
0
189.9
0
183.1
185.6
0
182.5
0
0
0
186.6
0
0
192.3
(»)
187.8
0
179.7
186.7
184.4
0
0
0
0
188.9
180.9
0
181.2
184.4
0
175.6
181.3
180.6
0
0
0
0
0
177.8
176.3
0
169.3
0
172.7
0
169.1
168.2
0
167.0
0
187.8
190.3
180.6
»192.0
187.1
190.9
0
188.9
192.2
191.7
189.1
192.0
0
186.7
191.2
199.0
183.8
0
0
0
0
190.2
193.1
0
(»)
0
(>)
0
(»)
(»)
0
186.1
190.0
178.6
0
0
186.2
188.4
0
188.6
185.4
188.8
0
0
0
0
0
189.2
191.7
179.9
0
198.2
0
191.9
0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
191.2
0
190.3
188.4
185.9
183.6
(2)
0
189.1
190.8
182.3
191.1
192.1
(2)
198.6
185.8
(2)
0
202.0
(2)
(2)
0
0
0
0
192.7
196.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
191.3
0
0
198.1
0
0
183.3
191.5
187.0
0
190.1
183.2
0
0
0
0
183.5
192.9
188.3
191.1
0
188.2
190.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
186.3
195.8
184.9
0
198.6
184.5
0
0
199.6
0
0
0
0
0
190.2
193.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
184.2
195.3
183.9
200.3
1 T h e Indexes are based on tim e-to -tim e changes In th e cost of goods a n d
services p u rch ased b y m oderate-incom e fam ilies in large cities. T h e y do
not in d ic a te w h e th e r it costs m ore to live in one c ity th a n In another.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
0
(?)
0
0
0
0
0
0
185.4
194.6
184.7
0
195.8
183.8
0
0
198.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
182.5
190.9
180.8
(»)
0
185.4
189.3
0
195.7
181.3
0
0
196.5
0
0
0
0
181.0
183.4
0
190.4
179.8
0
0
189.2
0
0
0
0
0
169.1
171.8
164.4
0
0
168.8
172.4
0
0
0
<*)
195.4
0
185.4
191.1
192.9
0
0
0
0
0
187.4
0
193.1
194.6
0
199.4
186.1
0
0
201.8
0
0
0
» In d ex es are c o m p u te d m o n th ly for 10 cities a n d once ev e ry 3 m o n th s for
24 a d d itio n a l cities acco rd in g to a stag g ered sch ed u le,
* C o rrected .
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T able
361
ü : P RICE S AND COST OF LIVING
D -3: Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families, by City and Group of
Commodities 1
[1936-39=>100]
Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration
Miscellaneous
Gas andelectricity
Total
C ity
July 15, June 15, July 15, June 15, July 15, June 15, July 15, | June 15, July 15,
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
June 15, July 15, June 15, July 15, June 15,.
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
A vera g e........................
234.9
231.5
201.4
202.0
141.9
141.6
146.4
144.8
98.3
98.4
Atlanta, Oa ________
Baltimore, M d .. ____
Birmingham, Ala ___
Boston, M ass.............
Buffalo, N. Y _______
Chicago, 111__________
Cincinnati, Ohio_____
Cleveland, Ohio_____
Denver, Colo________
Detroit, M ich........ .......
Houston, T ex................
236.1
248.6
225.5
225.9
228.3
239.9
239.1
245.5
237.7
237.2
239.7
226.5
242.4
217.4
219.9
227.0
239.2
236.9
242.5
235.1
234.2
237.2
(')
(')
211.4
186.1
198.0
203.0
199.8
(>)
(*)
197.2
212.9
186.3
0)
203.4
200.4
0)
(>)
195.1
218.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
143.9
(2)
133.7
(2)
155.7
129.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
157.8
152.2
137.5
165.9
154.6
138.7
153.5
150.2
114.6
155.5
103.1
158.0
148.6
136.8
161.2
152.8
138.3
151.4
150.2
113.7
154.3
103.1
85.8
115.6
79.4
118.5
85.8
115.6
79.4
118.4
110.0
110.0
Indianapolis, Ind____
Jacksonville, F la _____
Kansas C ity, M o____
Los Angeles, Calif____
Manchester, N . H ____
Memphis, Term...........
M ilwaukee, Wis_____
Minneapolis, Minn
Mobile, A l a . .. ...... ......
New Orleans, La____
N ew York, N . Y ..........
232.0
240.1
235.7
228.6
236.8
237.6
226.4
235.2
246.6
233.2
228.9
236.2
216.8
235.4
223.9
235.6
237.9
226.6
230.4
241.4
226.9
192.5
0)
194.9
196.9
193.7
(>)
0)
(>)
(')
(')
204.0
0)
195.7
0)
197.5
0)
218.6
0)
(2)
165.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
162.5
(2)
151.1
155.8
(2)
(2)
161.7
143.5
134.4
100.9
177.1
141.6
152.1
150.8
131.1
113.2
146.5
Norfolk, V a __________
Philadelphia, P a _____
Pittsburgh, Pa______
Portland, Maine_____
Portland, Oreg______
Richmond, V a..............
S t. Louis, Mo______
S an Francisco, Calif....
Savannah, Qa_______
Scranton, P a _______ .
8 eat.tle, W ash_______
Washington, D. C ___
242.0
235.1
237.3
222.3
250.5
220.7
248.6
243.0
247.3
237. 7
239.2
232.2
236.0
228.8
232.9
219.0
250.0
214.6
247. 6
247.4
242.9
230.9
237.8
227.2
0)
196.1
226.7
0)
197.4
203.2
(‘)
(')
195.9
228.8
208.3
(>)
(2)
(2)
(2)
127.7
161.0
149.9
149.6
163.4
138.1
148.7
143.6
98.8
170.1
158.7
129.3
155.3
220.2
201.2
195.1
217.6
(0
207.3
0)
(>)
(0
210.8
204.4
(')
205.0
(0
204.0
196.7
(>)
(>)
0)
0)
(2)
(2)
141.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
165.4
148.1
(2)
148.9
(2)
151.4
(2)
138.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
119.3
(2)
(2)
132.1
(2)
160.0
157.1
(2)
(2)
171.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
135.4
139.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
* P rice s of a p p a re l, h o u sefu rn ish in g s, a n d m iscellaneous goods a n d services
are o b ta in e d m o n th ly in 10 cities a n d once e v ery 3 m o n th s in 24 a d d itio n a l
c itie s o n a stag g ered schedule.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
204.2
204.4
173.0
0)
«
206.2
194.0
192.8
«
194.7
190.7
(>)
(>)
(')
171.2
166.1
178.4
176.0
172.9
(>)
170.2
183.9
172.9
86.3
83.5
104.3
105.6
69.7
88.7
86.3
(')
194. 8
193.0
208.3
194.1
189.8
(>)
226.1
220. 7
202. 2
161.3
143.0
135.9
100.9
169.7
141.6
151.9
150.8
131.0
113. 2
143.9
84.5
84.8
71.6
95.3
119.8
77.0
99.2
84.5
84.8
72.7
95.3
113.9
77.0
99.2
192.8
(>)
191. 8
200. 8
213. 2
(‘)
(■)
85.2
75.1
102.9
85.1
75.1
102.9
159.8
147.0
148.5
160.0
138.0
147.0
143.6
98.8
168.8
157.9
132. 2
153.1
100.1
104.2
100.3
104.2
1 1 1 .6
1 1 1 .6
10 2.2
10 2.2
83.5
104.3
105.6
69.7
88.8
86.2
112.4
97.5
88.4
87.0
123.9
103.5
88.5
1 1 1 .2
86.2
112.4
97.5
88.4
87.0
123.9
103.5
92.6
1 1 1 .2
(0
0)
(>)
194.0
0)
208. 5
207.9
0)
194.8
217.2
0)
0)
213.8
(0
0)
0)
(0
221.3
202.0
0)
205.5
0)
200.8
0)
178.7
(')
196.5
173.9
(•)
194.5
(*)
209.3
205.8
200.7
(■)
(>)
180.8
170.8
0)
0)
0)
(>)
179.4
(>)
178.0
172.0
162.7
(>)
0)
(>)
(')
(>)
173.6
(>)
174.1
169.6
0)
178.0
160.7
(>)
(0
176.8
(')
(')
0)
172. 50)
172.6171. 2
164.3
0)
175.7
172. 5
(0
0)
183.3
172. O
(>)
185.3
0)
171.5
0)
160.0
(>)
177.4
164.0>
0)
172.4
0)
174.0
169.6
165.0
0)
0)
168.3
187.5
(>)
(‘)
0)
<‘>
1 B e n ts are s u rv e y e d e v ery 3 m o n th s In 34 large cities o n a stag g ered schedule»
362
MONTHLY LABOR
D : P R IC E S AND COST OF L IVING
Table D -4: Indexes of Retail Prices of Foods,1 by Group, for Selected Periods
(1935-39=100]
Y e ar a n d m o n th
C ere
M ea ts,
als
p o u l
A ll
and
try ,
foods b a k e ry
T o ta l
p ro d a n d
fish
u c ts
1923:
1926:
1929:
1932:
1939:
M e a ts
B eef
and
veal
F r u its a n d veg etab les
C h ic k
F ish
ens
P o rk
Lam b
D a iry
p ro d
u c ts
Eggs
T o ta l
B ev er F a ts
and
ages
oils
S u g ar
and
sw eets
F ro
F resh
zen *
C an
n e d D rie d
173
226
173 5
105 9
95 1
92.8
97 3
124
175 4
122 9 159
124 3
91 1 91 2
92 3 92 3
91.6 9o! 3
92 4
131 5 126
170 4 145 0
164
197 2
71 1
95 5 87 7
84.5
92 5 82
94 0
108. 5
119
124!
126.1
194 3 123 3
194 7 124 0
124 7 124 0
A v erag e_____
A v erag e_____
A v erag e_____
A v e ra g e _____
A v e ra g e _____
A u g u s t-...........
1940: A v erag e_____
124.0
137.4
132.5
.5
95.2
93.5
96.6
105.5
115.7
107.6
82.6
94.5
93.4
96.8
1941: A v erag e_____
D e c e m b e r___
1942: A v erag e_____
1943: A v e ra g e _____
1944: A v erag e_____
1945: A v e ra g e _____
A u g u s t______
105.5
113.1
123.9
138.0
136.1
139.1
140.9
97.9
102.5
105.1
107.6
108.4
109.0
109.1
106.5
109.7
122.5
124.2
117.9
118.0
118.1
114.4
123.6
124.7
118.7
118.4
118.5
103.2
120.4
119.9
112.2
112.6
112.6
106.6
108.1
124.1
136.9
134. 5
136.0
136.4
124.5
100.5 138.9
163.0
146.1 206.5
151.0 207.6
154.4 217.1
157.3 217.8
.
120.5
125.4
134.6
133. 6
133. 9
133.4
138.1
136 5
161.9
153 9
164 4
171.4
103 2
110.5
130
168.8
168 2
177 1
183 5
104 2
126.0
133.8
129.9
131.2
131.8
196 2
97 9 106 7
106.3 118. 3
6 136 3
130.
158 9
199 5 I 6 4 6
13 0 9 168 2
130 3 168 6
1946: A v erag e...........
J u n e _________
N o v e m b e r___
159.6
145.6
187.7
125.0
122.1
140.6
161.3
134.0
203.6
150.8 150.5
120.4 121.2
197.9 191.0
148.2
114.3
207.1
163.9
139.0
205.4
174.0 236.2
162. 8 219.7
188.9 265.0
165.1 168 8
147.8 147.1
198.5 201.6
182 4
183 5
184.5
190 7
196 7
182.3
8 1Q O 4
197 5 172 ^
16L7 25L6
139 6 152 1
125 4 126 4
167.8 244.4
143 9
136 2
170.5
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
A v e ra g e ...........
A v e ra g e _____
A v erag e......... .
A v e ra g e .........J a n u a r y ...........
J u n e _________
193.8
210.2
201.9
204.5
196.0
203.1
155.4
170.9
169.7
172.7
169.0
169.8
217.1
246.5
233.4
243.6
219.4
246.5
214.7
243.9
229.3
242.0
217.9
246.7
213.6
258. 5
241.3
265.7
242.3
268.6
215.9
222.5
205.9
203.2
177.3
209.1
220.1
246.8
251.7
257.8
234.3
268.1
183.2
203.2
191.5
183.3
158.9
185.1
271.4
312.8
314.1
308. 5
301. 9
295.9
186. 2
204.8
186.7
184. 7
184. 2
177.8
200 8
208 7
201. 2
173 6
152 3
148 4
199
205
208
199
204
209
201 5
166
158
159
146
143
186
205
990
312
8 197 5
0
7 148 4
5 144 3
? ° 9 5 135 2
296 5
180 0
1951: A v e ra g e ..........
J u n e .................
A u g u s t---------S e p te m b e r___
O c to b e r_____
N o v e m b e r___
D e c e m b e r___
227.4
226.9
227.7
227.0
227.3
229.2
231.4
232.2
188.5
188.4
189.0
188.7
189.4
189.4
190.2
190.4
272.2
271.6
273.2
275.0
275.6
276.6
273.5
270.1
274.1
273.1
274.2
276.6
277.6
281.0
278.6
274.6
310.4
308.8
310.3
310.1
310.7
317.0
317.3
316.9
215.7
214.4
215.3
222.6
224.3
223.8
215.8
203.8
288.8
292.5
292.2
292.0
292.2
293.7
295.6
300.0
192.1
191.3
195.3
194.4
195.1
188.7
184.0
181.9
352.0
356.3
353.3
356.4
353.2
353.2
351.1
351.2
206.0
203.9
205.1
205.9
206.4
207.9
210.4
213.2
211.3
201.2
211.5
225.8
239.3
243.4
241.8
216.7
217.9
219.9
218.5
208.9
205.1
210.8
223.5
236.5
98.6
98.8
98.8
98.0
97.5
97.5
95.9
95.0
223.3
223. 5
221.8
209.1
204.3
214.4
235.0
255.4
165.9
170.4
170.0
165.8
164.2
162.8
162.7
163.3
249.9
254.4
250.7
248. 5
245.6
240 8
238.1
238.9
168.8
175. 2
168.8
162.7
161.5
160.6
346.6 158.5
346.8 157.8
186.6
186.1
188.0
188.3
188.2
187.0
186. 7
186.4
1952: J a n u a r y ...........
February____
March.............
April_______
M ay___ . . .
June________
July________
232.4
227.5
227.6
230.0
230.8
231.5
234.9
190.6
190.9
191.2
191.1
193.8
193.3
194.4
272.1
271.1
267.7
266.7
266.0
270.6
270.4
273.8
270.8
268.8
268.1
271.7
275.9
274.1
316.0
314.2
312.6
311.2
310.8
310.9
308.0
203.8
201.0
200.3
198.7
208.6
219.4
219.3
297.1
285.6
276.5
283.1
287.1
291.5
290.3
192.6
197.5
190.7
188.8
175.4
181.9
187.4
351.5
351.5
347.6
346. 3
345.3
343.9
342.1
215.8
217.0
215.7
212.6
210.6
209.8
212.3
184.3
166.5
161.3
165.9
164.0
169.1
208.7
241.4
223.5
232.1
247.2
253.8
250.0
95.0
94.2
92.5
91.5
88.7
90.0
90.1
263.2
234.6
248.4
272.8
283.4
278.1
283.0
163.3
163.6
163.9
163.5
163.7
162.3
162.4
238.6
238.4
236.3
236.9
236.8
237.1
238.9
346.7
347.1
347.1
347.3
346.6
346.5
346.4
185.9
185.1
184.3
186.2
187.3
187.7
188.9
July...... ...........
8
6
1 0
1 . 2
117.8
127.1
79.3
96.
95.7
95.8
6
107.6
1
1
1
. 1
96.6
95.4
94.4
1
0
1
. 1
99.6
1 0
1 1 0
2
. 8
. 8
88.9
8
8
. 0
81.1
1 0
0
. 1
99.5
98.8
99.7
93.8
94.6
94.8
1 0
1 2
1The Bureau of Labor Statistics retail food prices are obtained monthly
during the first three days of the week containing the fifteenth of the month,
through voluntary reports from chain and independent retail food dealers.
Articles included are selected to represent food sales to moderate-income
families.
The indexes are computed by the fixed-base-weighted-aggregate method,
using weights representing (1) relative importance of chain and independent
store sales, in computing city average prices; (2) food purchases by families
of wage earners and moderate-income workers, in computing city indexes;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
2
1 0
1 . 0
99.6
1 1 0
. 6
. 1
. 6
129.4 136 1
127.4 141. 7
131.0 143.8
84.9 82. 3
95.9 91. 0
93.1 90.7
101. 4 93.
8
1
1
2
0
1
1
2
2
169 5
2
1 0
6
2
8
169 0
103. 5
94. 5
92.4
96 5
1
1
. 0
8
188 2
4
2
1
2
8
3
253.2
1
132
178.0
177 2
8
2 12
4
21 8 8
206 1
2 17
9
294 2
8
4
1 7
1 0
1
0
0
6
191
6
1 4
0
9 263 5
0
Q 227 4
0 998 5
3 293 9
2
8
1 1 2
9
6
4
' 9
2
1 0
1
6
I
1 1 4
1
9
1
2
1
6
8
3
4
4
. 5
3
4
5
. 2
3
4
4
. 8
3
4
5
. 2
3
4
5
. 0
3
4
5
. 8
155.3
150.9
145. 6
143.1
139.9
140.1
140.6
175 4
1 2
0
0
114 3
89
6
1 0
0
9
5
6
. 6
Q A fi
1D A A
114.4
126 5
1 2
1 2
7
6
. 1
5
1°6 5
1 9A A
1^
n
1 7 fi 1
1 70 O
1 7Q Q
and (3) population weights, in combining city aggregates in order to derive
average prices and indexes for all cities combined.
Indexes of retail food prices in 56 large cities combined, by commodity
groups, for the years 1923 through 1949 (1935-39= 100), may be found in Bulle
tin No. 1032, Retail Prices of Food, 1949, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S.
Department of Labor, table 3, p. 7. Mimeographed tables of the same data,
by months, January 1935 to date, are available upon request.
* December 1950=100.
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
D : PRICES AND COST OF LIV IN G
363
Table D -5: Indexes of Retail Prices of Foods, by City
[1935-39=100]
J u ly
1952
C ity
June
1952
M ay
1952
A p r.
1952
M a r.
1952
Feb.
1952
Ja n .
1952
D ec.
1951
N ov,
1951
O ct.
1951
S ep t.
1951
A ug.
1951
J u ly
1951
June
1950
July
1952
U n ite d S ta te s —.........- ........... -
234.9
231.5
230.8
230.0
227.6
227.5
232.4
232.2
231.4
229.2
227.3
227.0
227.7
203.1
289.1
A tla n ta , Q a ...............................
B altim o re , M d ------------------B irm in g h a m , A la __________
B o sto n , M a s s ______________
B rid g e p o rt, C o n n __________
236.1
248.6
225.5
225.9
238.0
226.5
242.4
217.4
219.9
230.2
223.2
243.2
216.4
218.8
230.5
225.0
242.6
215.8
215.2
228.3
223.9
239.5
215.3
214.6
227.3
227.4
238.6
217.3
214.5
227.0
230.7
243.8
232.1
242.4
224.3
218.4
227.9
230.0
241.1
224.0
217.8
227.4
232.1
238.3
213.9
224.3
231.4
238.0
217. 3
215.5
225.0
229 4
237.0
214. 5
216.6
226.0
195 4
215.6
IQ? 9
196.1
204.0
239.6
253.8
218.2
229.4
230.7
242.5
222.7
219.3
228.9
B u flalo , N . Y .......................... B u tte , M o n t_______________
C e d a r R a p id s, Io w a ......... —
C h arle sto n , . C —..................
C hicago, 111___________ ____
228.3
231.8
240.9
231.4
239.9
227.0
231.7
240.6
224.7
228.9
236.4
219.
229.0
236.0
239.2
227.0
229.4
238.0
221.4
239.3
C in c in n a ti, O h io .................. ..
C le v ela n d , O h io .. ________
C o lu m b u s, O h io ___________
D allas, T ex _ ____ __________
D e n v er, C o lo .........................
239.1
245.5
217.2
233.7
237.7
236.9
242.5
214.3
232.0
235.1
D e tro it, M ic h _____________
F a ll R iv e r, M a s s . . . ................
H o u sto n , T e x ........................ ..
In d ia n a p o lis, I n d __________
Jack so n , M iss ____ _______
237.2
228.6
239.7
232.0
229.7
234.2
225.2
237.2
228.9
225.2
2
2
0
. 2
2
2
0
. 1
227.5
235.1
219.4
231.4
225.2
230.2
238.3
222.3
237.5
226.7
233.7
239.8
221.5
238.1
227.2
230.2
240.5
218.0
237.8
224.2
229. 2
237.8
217.9
236.2
221.5
228.5
235.1
234.8
228.1
235.1
219.3
233.3
232.3
233.4
227.4
238.5
218. fl
235.3
234.3
240.3
213.8
231.8
232.6
231.9
238.2
211.4
231.3
232.0
228.6
235.8
209.2
229.8
230.4
228.1
237.2
209.8
228.8
230.0
233.2
240.9
214.3
236.3
236.2
230.4
238.5
211.3
235.4
239.2
232.0
239.0
211.4
236.0
236.9
229.7
237.2
209.6
233.8
234.9
229.0
235.3
207.8
233.5
232.4
228.3
235.7
207.3
230.9
231.6
229.2
236.7
207
227. 0
230.6
205.1
231.6
224.4
236.1
225.0
222.7
231.2
220.4
237.9
229.1
220.7
236.0
223.8
225.8
235.0
224.0
241.4
227.6
230.3
234.5
223.8
241.2
227.0
229.2
233. 5
224.2
237.8
227.9
227.4
230.5
223.2
237.6
226.3
229.4
228.4
2197
239.4
225.4
227.2
228.9
2
2
2
223.7
228.8
221.4
236.1
224.1
223.9
229.1
.
235.2
223. 3
202.9
200 7
208.1
198
2
2
2
2
236.2
216.8
251.5
228.7
235.4
231.3
215.5
249.6
226.5
235.7
232.6
214.4
250.9
226.1
237.1
231.2
213.1
250.5
224.3
234.6
231.5
213.0
253.2
224.6
234.2
237.2
217.8
256.9
229.7
239.3
235.0
218.0
256.6
229.9
240.7
234.8
216.4
256.2
225.4
237.1
232.5
213.9
253.7
224.4
234.5
218.1
223.9
235.6
237.9
226.6
216.4
228.6
236.8
237.6
226.4
213.2
216.6
231.0
228.0
213.6
216.8
234.9
227.3
218.4
218.6
222.5
237.7
231.7
2
2
237.8
232.8
223.1
219.1
220.9
238.9
232.6
224.0
216.7
231.7
237.1
224.2
214.5
217.5
231.4
231.5
222.3
M o b ile, A la ________________
N e w a rk , N . J ...................... ..
N ew H a v e n , C o n n _________
N ew O rleans, L a __________
N ew Y o rk , N . Y . ____ _____
235.2
230.2
232.0
246.6
233.2
230.4
226.4
225.3
241.4
226.9
224.4
228.6
226.1
239.2
227.4
229.1
228.2
228.0
224.1
231.4
227.2
230.0
228.3
2
2
2
2
240.1
229.3
239.8
225.3
228.0
225.0
219.7
240. 5
226.2
231.6
227.7
2
244.8
230.2
244.3
230.6
N o rfo lk , V a ______ _____ _
O m a h a, N e b r ______ _______
P eo ria, 111__________________
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . . ...................
P itts b u r g h , P a ..........................
242.0
225.5
243.7
235.1
237.3
236.0
226.6
243.3
228.8
232.9
235.0
224.8
240.0
228.1
233.0
234.7
223.2
239.8
226.9
231.4
231.0
222.4
235.6
224.3
229.3
232.7
238.5
224.4
229.8
237.2
226.8
243.8
229.4
235.7
P o r tla n d , M a in e ......................
P o r tla n d , O r e g ...____ _____
P ro v id en c e , R . I . . . ................
R ic h m o n d , V a _____________
R o ch e ste r, N . Y . ....................
222.3
250.5
241.8
220.7
232.0
219.0
250.0
238.5
214.6
226.7
215.4
251.3
237.8
215.6
226.4
213.6
250.6
233.4
216.8
213.8
248.3
231.4
212.9
2
2
214.1
246.9
229.5
214.3
223.5
S t. L o u is, M o ............................
S t. P a u l, M in n ______ _____
S a lt L a k e C ity , U t a h . . .........
S an F ran cisco , C alif_______
S a v a n n a h , G a ........... ............ .
248.6
224.1
236.8
243.0
247.3
247.6
225.1
234.8
247.4
242.9
243.6
223.2
234.2
247.0
241.3
240.5
238.3
238.6
2
2
2
233.7
249.5
239.3
231.5
245.4
238.7
S c ra n to n , P a .............................
S eattle, W a s h .......... ............... ..
p rin g fleld ,
..........................
W a sh in g to n , D . C ...................
W ic h ita , K a n s ___________
W in sto n -S alem , N . O _____
237.7
239.2
246.9
232.2
246.0
224.9
230.9
237.8
245.9
227.2
245.9
219.0
231.1
239.7
242.2
226.8
241.5
217.1
227.8
241.5
240.1
227.8
240.4
218.0
224.3
239.7
238.6
224.0
240.8
217.6
1
8
. 1
Jack so n v ille, F l a . ................ ..
K a n sa s C ity , M o . . ......... .......
K n o x v ille, T e n n _____ ___
L ittle R o ck , A rk ___________
Los A ngeles, C alif...................
. 1
L o u isv ille, K y ..........................
M a n c h e ste r, N . H _________
M e m p h is, T e n n ....... ...............
M ilw au k e e , W is ._ ..................
M in n ea p o lis, M in n ............
8
1 1 1
. 1
. 1
1
240.1
2
2
0
. 2
256.6
230.4
235.7
2
J u n e 1940=100.
t
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
1 . 2
2
2
2
. 8
2
2
1 . 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
2
. 2
. 2
1 . 0
2
2
. 2
1 . 6
2
2
2
2
2
1 . 8
0
0
. 2
. 2
1 . 6
0
. 0
2
2
1 . 0
2 2 0
2
6
2
2
2
1 . 0
2
1 . 0
237.2
224.3
224.8
234.7
233.6
2
2
1 2
. 2
1 1 . 8
2 2
2
n
203.0
208.6
188 n
208.4
1
1 9
2 0
W
1
1
. 2
1
6
0
1 . 0
205.8
189.2
923 1
2.54.9
223 0
233.3
253.1
222. 9
232.3
238.0
228.9
218.9
215
219.8
237.4
227.9
215.6
214.8
221.9
234.7
229.2
217.5
229.1
225.3
219.9
240.6
228.1
227.0
225.0
219.2
240.8
225.5
229. 5
225.7
241.3
230.9
231.7
226.4
222.4
239.9
227.8
238.8
226.5
203.3
199.8
212.9
203.7
233.6
227.0
242.5
228.8
234.6
231.9
225.1
239.5
228.6
235.2
230.0
223.3
235. Ö
227.1
233.5
229.1
219.6
235.6
224.1
231.0
229.1
236.9
223.2
232.0
229.1
219.1
239.8
223.6
232.9
205. 9
197 2
216.8
201.4
207.5
217.0
254.8
234.4
219.3
227.4
216.1
253.3
234.1
218.3
227.4
216.4
251.8
233.3
219.1
226.3
215.8
246.9
232.8
218.4
222.3
213.2
247.9
228.3
217.7
215.9
247.4
228.9
215.9
218.9
217.0
251.2
231.8
216.5
221.5
193.0
219.1
207.9
195.2
196.4
243.9
223.7
233.4
248.4
241.7
242.2
231.2
240.5
238.9
244.0
224.0
232.9
248.9
242.6
239.3
220.7
228.5
235.6
240.7
238.8
216.1
228.0
234.8
241.4
237.2
216.2
227.4
234.4
240.0
237.9
216.5
228.3
237.8
241.2
225.6
238.2
240.2
223.1
242.7
218.6
232.0
243.4
244.1
228.7
248.3
223.2
229.9
239.9
242.6
228.9
248.8
227.2
234.8
238.6
228.0
242.9
225.6
234.4
238.1
224.0
241.4
219.3
225.9
232.7
237.9
225.5
233.8
238.6
221.9
238.2
220.3
2
2
2
2
0
2
. 1
. 6
1 . 2
2
2
2
1 . 2
2
. 6
2
2
2
2
2
. 2
. 8
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 . 2
2
. 1
1 . 6
232.5
240.7
241.7
229.8
238.1
241.4
228.1
244.1
220.5
2
2
2
2
0
. 8
. 1
6
2
2
0
. 2
2
2
2
2
0
2
. 0
. 6
237.8
220.7
2 0
2
0
0
1 . 6
0
192
0
2
6
2 0
6
2
1
2
2
1 . 6
7
/)
24O.I
m .o
2$ . 0
0
208. 3
206.6
194.1
2 0
2
0
243.8
224.5
9.RO
7
1 0
237.3
241.1
242.2
227.0
1
. 2
192.5
2
0
2
. 2
2
1
1
. 1
206.3
204.2
208.6
2
231.2
1
216
232.3
231.9
219.0
244.6
1
. 6
233.8
213.7
251 7
223.6
232.7
236.3
249.7
183 Q
205.9
2
1
9
242.5
250.6
v.m
2
6
«3/ A
228.9
242.3
1 1 . 8
201.9
209.4
197.3
230.0
235.8
249.7
2 3 5 .5
2 U -5
P.9.R
7
250.0
237.7
24O.4
224.0
262.5
245.8
226.6
236.1
255.6
223.4
241.6
250.0
251.0
243.9
239.5
250.1
239.0
251.6
227.1
MONTHLY LABOR
D : P R IC E S AND COST OF L IVING
364
Table D - 6 : Average Retail Prices and Indexes of Selected Foods
A ver-
age
price
July
1952
Commodity
In d ex es 1835-39-100
July
1952
June
1952
M ay
1952
Apr.
1952
Mar.
1952
Feb.
1952
Jan.
1952
Dec
1951
Nov.
1951
Oct.
1951
Sept.
1951
Aug
1951
July
1951
June
1950
202.8
210.3
218.5
100.9
164.6
203.5
209.8
217.7
99.9
164.2
203.4
209.9
217.1
99.0
163.8
203.6
210.1
217.4
98.2
163.7
203.7
209.6
218.0
96.7
163.5
204.4
209.4
216.1
96.7
163.8
204.3
208.2
212.7
96.1
163.3
203.1
207.7
209.0
94.9
162.9
202.3
207.9
206.4
93.1
162.7
201.8
206.4
204.3
94.2
162.9
201.3
205.8
203.6
99.7
162.2
201. i
203 9
201.8
101.3
162.0
201.7
199.5
200 8
101.5
161.6
190.6
176. 5
181.9
93. 1
145.8
190.1
225.4
109.7
188.9
224.6
107.9
189.7
223.3
108.9
185.2
222.5
108.2
185.1
224.6
108.5
184.8
224.5
107.9
184.5
224.2
108.3
184.2
223.8
109.1
183.9
223.1
109.8
183.9
221.5
107.5
183.7
220 0
107.9
183.5
215 8
107.1
183.4
214 9
108. «
163.9
191 7
330.2
297.7
318.4
106.5
207.6
330.1
297.0
327.1
106.5
211.9
330.3
299.0
332.6
105. 7
210.6
330.0
299.0
332.3
105.8
211.7
330.4
298.0
333.7
106.2
214.3
331.9
303.2
334.0
106.3
215.9
333.3
305.3
336.7
107.6
217.0
333.6
307.2
338.3
108.1
217.9
334.6
308.2
338.5
108.6
217.6
332.7
306.4
337.4
108.9
218.7
323.3
290.6
327.7
108.6
216.1
323.2
289 5
327 1
108.6
215.1
323.1
290.0
327. 0
108 4
215.9
287.9
264.1
279.2
318.2
326.7
325.3
325.5
326.4
326.8
325.0
322.9
319.5
319.6
320.1
319.8
319.1
271.2
254.4
170.7
227.1
167.0
257.5
167.3
226.1
166.8
245.8
158.8
213.4
159.4
223.2
159.2
210.8
160.9
225.1
160.6
211.9
164.0
223.9
161.9
214.4
168.1
227.6
163.5
216.8
171.4
226.0
165.2
217.2
174.8
248.8
172.7
218.7
179.2
258.7
178.4
226.5
186.6
258.1
178.0
229.4
186.2
254.4
177.8
229.4
184.9
236.9
177 8
229 0
183.6
243.5
161.9
215.8
160.5
294.9
187.4
296.1
181.9
291.7
175.4
287.7
188.8
280.9
190.7
290.2
197.5
301.8
192.6
304.8
181.9
300.3
184.0
298.4
188.7
296.9
195.1
296.7
194.4
296.9
195.3
272.4
185 1
292.5
288.1
268.4
344. 1
Cereals and bakery products:
52.3
Flour, wheat................ - 5 pounds..
22.3
Com flakes 1.................... 12 ounces..
10.3
Com meal---- ------ -----------pound..
18.1
R ice1......................- ............ - d o . . . .
18.1
Rolled oats *.....................20 ounces..
Bakery products:
16.2
Bread, white
.................p o u n d ..
23.4
Vanilla cookies'............ 7 ounces..
50.1
Layer cake *7....................- pound.
M eats, poultry, and fish:
Meats:
Beef:
Round steak---------------- do----- 111.6
Rib roast------- ------------- do----- 86.0
Chuck roast..................... -do----- 71.9
Frankfurters •...................do----- 64.6
Hamburger *......................do----- 63.5
Veal:
Cutlets................................do----- 127.5
Pork:
Chops................................-do----- 84.0
Bacon, sliced__________ do----- 65.1
Ham, whoie___________ do----- 66.7
35.1
Salt pork______ ______ d o —
Lamb:
L e g .................................. -do----- 83.5
Frying chickens:
181.8
47 4
fiQ 7
Fish:
Fish, fresh or frozen ' . ----- -----------Salmon, pink •___ . . 16-ounce can..
Dairy products:
______ pound..
Rutter
291.8
293.3
295.1
295.5
296.7
299.6
298.3
296.7
295.8
294.7
290.1
45.9
fin 1
56.2
454.2
456.9
456.7
459.3
460.9
467.1
47Ï.2
475.1
477.4
489.1
503.1
508.2
509.2
83.4
60.3
24.0
22.4
31.3
14.9
72.8
229.0
266.4
195.7
196.0
105.1
209.7
208.7
223.5
265.3
193.3
193.3
105.1
210.0
169.1
225.3
266.2
193.7
194.2
105.5
209.8
164.0
231.1
266. 1
195.0
196. 6
106.0
209. 6
165.9
245.8
265.6
196.7
198.7
106.0
208.2
161.3
258.5
265.4
196.5
198.5
105.7
206.6
166.5
252.4
266. 8
196.0
198.1
105. 3
205.1
184.3
241.2
263. 3
195.0
197.1
104.4
202.8
216.7
226.9
261.2
194.0
195.8
104.5
202.8
241.8
224.2
258.3
191.2
192.7
104.9
203.1
243.4
219.7
259.4
189.7
191 2
104.8
203.0
239.3
220.5
259.3
188. 3
190 5
105 2
203. 7
225.8
195. 4
221.8
226 2
260.0
160 4
187. 2
188.5
162 0
105.1 - 174. 2
203.3
148. 4
211. 5
88.6
74.6
89.2
73.9
89.8
73.3
88.5
83.0
91.9
84.2
92.0
85.3
92.7
88.8
93.2
92.5
94.9
96.6
95.1
99.2
95.6
100.2
95.8
101. 5
97.4
103.2
96.4
95.9
93.3
96.3
95.8
98.7
98.5
96.9
96.3
98.6
97.8
98.3
98.2
178.4
269.9
189.3
203.0
265.6
194.4
214.3
264.5
188.0
240.2
268.9
161.5
301.1
271.9
172.8
Milk, fresh (delivered) ________quart.
M llk| fresh (grocery) ". ............... _do .
Ice cream • . . . _____ ________ pint.
Milk, evaporated____ HH-omme can..
Eggs: Eggs, fresh................ _______ dozen..
Fruits and vegetables:
Frozen fruits:
39.4
Strawberries • " . . . ____12 ounces .
17.5
Orange juice • ----- _____6 ounces..
Frozen vegetables:
24.1
Peas •__________ ____ 12 ounces..
Fresh fruits:
Apples__________ _______pound— (“ )
16.1
Bananas_________ _______ do
53.7
Oranges, size 200.. ______ dozen..
Fresh vegetables:
Beans, green_____ _______pound.. 25.3
10.8
Cabbage________ ________ do___
Carrots_________ _______ bunch— 11.8
Lettuce____ __ _____ _ head— 14.2
Onions__________ ............. pound— 10.3
Potatoes________ ____15 pounds— .131.2
Sweetpotatoes____ _______pound— (“ )
Tomatoes " _____ _______ do------- 31.2
Canned fruits:
Peaches_________ . ..N o . 2W can.. 33.1
Pineapple_______ ________ do----- 38.2
Canned vegetables:
Com " ___ ______ __No. 303 can . 18.8
___ No. 2 can .
18.1
T o m a to e s____
20.6
Peas.
..
. . . — No. 303 can.
9.9
Baby foods " e___ _ 4?4-5 ounces.
pound.. 26.9
Dried fruits, prunes.. . . .
Dried vegetables, navy beans— do----- 16.0
Beverages:
Coflee-- . ________ ............... —do___ 86.7
29.1
Cola drink
.......... —6-bottle carton
Fats and oils:
17.9
Lard
__ ____ _______ pound..
Shortening, hydrogenated... . ..d o ---32.6
34.2
Salad dressing____ . _________ pint .
Margarine
_____ ____ ..p o u n d ..
366.9
265.5
188.6
395.9
277.9
170.0
310.0
278.7
164.3
279.7
282.1
159. 9
239.4
281.5
160.8
229.2
273.4
156.2
218.8
269. 9
161.7
204.3
267.7
164.7
191.2
270.5
175.8
235.3
287.6
216.8
171.3
250.7
360.1
444.8
204.9
161.2
229.7
220.9
166.9
276.7
351.9
470.7
217.0
236.8
327.6
234.7
199.3
370.1
333.7
433.4
201.4
258.8
235. 6
193. 4
184. 5
382. 2
307.0
387.7
231.8
250.4
198.1
196.3
166.0
313.3
282.0
231.2
192.9
238.1
260.0
220.0
145.4
250.9
270.6
309.9
160.7
191.3
419.8
291. 7
256. 5
242.6
289.5
299. 7
189.0
208.0
268.0
281.8
272.8
209.0
266.2
265.2
222.4
246.2
217.2
289.4
232.1
196.6
247.5
234.4
144.3
188.4
160.5
235.9
186.4
177.0
215.2
227.5
142.8
185.4
153.7
241.1
168.1
168.6
193.3
265.8
101.5
166.8
151.6
235.0
180.6
176 0
203. 7
308.2
112.6
149.1
151.0
229.2
192.6
205. 7
236.1
251.8
170.2
151.0
174.3
181.7
167.3
187. 1
219 3
209. 4
208.3
172.4
176.2
173.6
176.6
180.0
176.6
178.8
176.5
179.7
176.4
180.0
176.8
179.1
176.7
178.3
177.3
177.6
177.6
177.9
177.8
177.0
177.4
175.3
177.5
174.8
177.6
140 1
172 0
173.0
193.8
112.4
101.8
256.0
216.7
172.6
193.1
111.7
102.0
256.0
214.2
172.2
195.2
111.8
102.0
256.2
213.6
172.0
194.8
112.3
102.1
256.3
213.7
171.2
195.9
113.0
102.0
256.2
212.9
171.3
194.2
113.0
102.0
259.0
214.5
169.5
195.1
113.0
101.9
260.6
214.0
168.3
195.4
114.3
101.9
261.6
213.9
166.7
194.2
114.6
101.7
263.1
211.9
165.3
194.8
115.5
101. 7
268.7
213.1
165.7
200.7
116.9
101.7
274.9
216.8
165. 4
209.0
117. 8
101. 7
275.1
220.9
138.4
164.9
161.6
228.0
114.3
119.2
101.7 ---- -274. 5
237.8
202.7
224.4
344.8
111.3
345.0
J11. 3
345.2
111.2
345.8
111.4
345.9
111.2
345.9
111.2
345.2
111.3
345.4
111.2
345.5
110.8
345.1
110.2
345.3
109.1
346.3
108.4
346.2
108.0
120.7
157.8
142.0
156.7
122.4
158.1
141.1
153.9
118.3
159.1
142.9
151.8
124.8
162.8
146.7
151.6
130.3
165.6
147.9
153.8
143.7
170.7
151.1
157.2
149.8
174.0
153.6
165.4
155.5
176.6
153.4
169.4
158.3
177.2
152.8
170.5
167.7
178.4
153.0
171.2
163.1
179.4
156. 9
172.8
161.7
181. 4
J68.3
174.6
159.9
190.4
163. 6
184.2
116.0
155 6
142. 1
161.1
193.3
98.4
192.2
97.5
191.2
98. 2
189.1
98.9
187.0
98.2
187.9
98.3
188.7
98.8
188.8
99.6
189.1
100.0
189.8
99. 4
191.6
99.3
191.7
99.4
100.0 —
190.8
175. 3
294.9
—
(**)
Sugar and sweets:
S u g a r___ ________ _____5 pound S-.
. 12 ounces
Grape jellv
.
i S pecification chan g ed to 12 ounces
in M a y 1952.
» J u ly 1947-100.
1 F e b ru a ry 1943—100.
‘ A verage price based on 52 cities;
index, on 56 cities.
« S pecification changed to 7 ounces
in S e p te m b e r 1951.
•D e c e m b e r 1950—100.
7P ric e d in 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
51.8
23.4
' P ric e d in 28 cities.
* 1938-39=100.
" P rice d in 46 cities.
11 P rice d in 47 cities.
11 S pecification revised in N o v e m
b er 1950.
11 S pecification ch an g ed to 12
ounces in J a n u a ry 1952.
t‘ O cto b er 1949-100.
“ In a d e q u a te q u o ta tio n s .
“ N o. 303 can of co m in tro d u c e d in M a y 1951 in place of N o . 2 can.
i* Specification c h an g ed to 4?4-5 ounces in M a y 1952.
17 P rice d in 9 cities b eg in n in g O cto b er 1951,12 cities S e p te m b e r 1951,13 cities
A u g u st 1951, 16 cities A p ril th ro u g h J u ly 1951, 18 cities J a n u a ry th ro u g h
M arch 1951, a n d 19 cities A u g u st th ro u g h D ecem b er 1950. P ric e d in 56 cities
before th a t d ate.
>s P riced in 37 cities A u g u st th ro u g h D ecem b er 1950, 38 cities J a n u a ry
th ro u g h M arch 1951, 40 cities A p ril th ro u g h J u ly 1951, 43 cities A u g u st 1951,
44 cities S ep te m b e r 1951, a n d 47 cities b e g in n in g O cto b er 1951.
‘ A verage prices av ailab le b eg in n in g F e b r u a r y 1952.
365
D : P RICES AND COST OF LIVING
REVIEW , SEPTEMBER 1952
T able D-7: Indexes of Wholesale Prices, by Group of Commodities
[1947-49=100] i
July
1952
Commodity group
June
1952
111.8
« 111.2
All commodities other than farm and food—Continued
110. 2
110. 0
107.2
108.5
\ }] commodities ether than farm arid food
112.6
112. 6
Rubber and produ cts________ _______ _____ ____
Lumber and wood products. ___________________
Pulp, paper, and allied products_________________
Metals and metal products.. . ________________
Textile prod nets and apparel
Hides skins and leather prod nets
Fuel power, and lighting materials
hem ion Is and allied products
99. 4
00 2
105. 9
104.2
99.0
95. 9
» 105.9
104.3
Furniture and other household durables_________
Nonmetallic minerals—structural. . . _________
Tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages------Miscellaneous_______ _______ _ . ______ ___
All commodities_________________ _____ ___ ________Far™ products
Processed foods
i The revised wholesale price index (1947-49=100) is the official index
for January 1952 and subsequent months. The official index for December
1951 and previous dates is the former index (1926=100)— see table D-7a.
The revised index has been computed back to January 1947 for purposes
of comparison and analysis. Beginning with January 1952 the index is
based on prices for one day in the month. Prices are collected from manu
T able
June
1952
July
1952
Commodity group
130.4
120.2
115.5
121.9
121.3
111.6
113.8
110.8
105.5
« 133. 4
119.9
116.7
121.1
c 121.3
111.6
113.8
110.8
IOS. 1
facturers and other producers. In some cases they are secured from trade
publications or from other Government agencies which collect price quota
tions in the course of their regular work. For a more detailed description
of the index, see A Description of the Revised Wholesale Price Index,
M onthly Labor Review, February 1952 (p. 180).
• Corrected.
D-7a: Indexes of Wholesale Prices,1 by Group of Commodities, for Selected Periods
[1926=100]
Chem Hcuseicals
furand
nishallied
tag
prod goods
ucts
M is
cella
neous
com
modi
ties
All
com
Semi- M anu modi
Raw
fac
ties
manutured
ex
facmate
tured
prod
cept
rials
farm
articles ucts
prod
ucts
All
com
modi
ties
ex
cept
farm
prod
ucts
and
foods
Foods
Hides
and
leather
prod
ucts
Tex
tile
prod
ucts
Fuel
and
light
ing
mate
rials
Metals
and
metal
prod
ucís
Build
ing
mate
rials
71.5
71.4
150.3
169.8
104.9
64.2
62.9
128.6
147.3
99.9
68.1
69.7
131.6
193.2
109.1
57.3
55.3
342.6
188.3
90.4
61.3
55.7
114.3
159. 8
83.0
90.8
79.1
143. 5
155.5
100.5
56.7
52.9
101.8
164. 4
95.4
80.2
77.9
178.0
173.7
94.0
56.1
66.7
99.2
143.3
94.3
93.1
88.1
142.3
176.5
82.6
68.8
67.3
138.8
163.4
97.5
74.9
67.8
162.7
253.0
93.9
69.4
66.9
130.4
157.8
94.5
69.0
65.7
131.0
165.4
93.3
70.0
65.7
129.9
170.6
91.6
64.8
77.1
75.0
78.6
48.2
65.3
61.0
67.7
61.0
70.4
67.2
71.3
72.9
95.6
92.7
100.8
54.9
69.7
67.8
73.8
70.3
73.1
72.6
71.7
80.2
94.4
93.2
95.8
71.4
90.5
89.6
94.8
73.9
76.0
74.2
77.0
75.1
86.3
85.6
88.5
64.4
74.8
73.3
77.3
55.1
70.2
66.5
71.9
59.3
77.0
74.5
79.1
70.3
80. 4
79.1
81.6
68.3
79. 5
77.9
80.8
70.2
81.3
80.1
83.0
1941: Average_____
December___
1942: Average_____
1943: Average_____
1944: Average........ .
87.3
93.6
98.8
103.1
104.0
82.4
94.7
105.9
122.6
123.3
82.7
90.5
99.6
106.6
104.9
108.3
114.8
117.7
117.5
116.7
84.8
91.8
96.9
97.4
98.4
76.2
78.4
78.5
80.8
83.0
99.4
103. 3
103.8
103.8
103.8
103.2
107.8
110.2
111.4
115. 5
84.4
90.4
95.5
94.9
95.2
94.3
101.1
102.4
102.7
104.3
82.0
87.6
89.7
92.2
93.6
83.5
92.3
100.6
112.1
113.2
86.9
90.1
92.6
92.9
94.1
89.1
94.6
98.6
100.1
100.8
88.3
93.3
97.0
98.7
99.6
89.0
93.7
95.5
96.9
98.5
1945: Average_____
August______
105.8
105.7
128.2
126.9
106.2
106.4
118.1
118.0
100.1
99.6
84.0
84.8
104.7
104.7
117.8
117.8
95.2
95.3
104.5
104.5
94.7
94.8
116.8
116.3
95.9
95. 5
101.8
101.8
100.8
100.9
99.7
99.9
1946: Average_____
June. ______
November___
1947: Average_____
1948: Average_____
1949: Average_____
1950: Average_____
December___
1951: Average..........
121.1
112.9
139.7
152.1
165.1
155.0
161.6
175.3
180.4
148.9
140.1
169.8
181.2
188.3
165.5
170.4
187.4
196.1
130.7
112.9
165.4
168.7
179.1
161.4
166.2
179.0
186.9
137.2
122.4
172. 5
182.4
188.8
180.4
191.9
218.7
221.4
116.3
109.2
131.6
141.7
149.8
140.4
148.0
171.4
172.2
90.1
87.8
94. 5
108.7
134.2
131.7
133.2
135.7
138.2
115.5
112.2
130.2
145.0
163. 6
170.2
173.6
184.9
189.2
132.6
129.9
145.5
179.7
199.1
193.4
206.0
221.4
225.5
101.4
96.4
118.9
127.3
135.7
118.6
122.7
139.6
143.3
111.6
110.4
118.2
131.1
144.5
145.3
153.2
170.2
176.0
100.3
98.5
106. 5
115. 5
120. 5
112.3
120.9
140.5
141.0
134.7
126.3
153.4
165.6
178.4
163.9
172.4
187.1
192.4
110.8
105.7
129.1
148.5
158.0
150.2
156.0
178.1
177.6
116.1
107.3
134.7
146.0
159.4
151.2
156.8
169. 0
174.9
114.9
106.7
132.9
145.5
159.8
152.4
159.2
172.4
176.7
109.5
105.6
120.7
135.2
151.0
147.3
153.2
166.7
169.4
1951: January_____
February____
March______
April................
M ay........ .........
June________
July________
August______
September___
October. ___
November___
December____
180.2
183.7
184.0
183.6
182.9
181.7
179.4
178.0
177.6
178.1
178.3
177.8
194.2
202.6
203.8
202.5
199.6
198.6
194.0
190.6
189.2
192.3
195.1
193. 6
182.2
187.6
186.6
185.8
187.3
186.3
:86.0
.87.3
.88.0
: 89.4
• 88. 8
.87.3
235.4
238.7
236.9
233.3
232.6
230.6
221.9
213.7
212.1
208.3
196.6
192.3
178.4
181.0
183.0
182.7
182.0
177.9
173.2
167.4
163.1
157.7
159.4
160.5
136.4
138.1
138.6
138.1
137. 5
137.8
137.9
138.1
138.8
138.9
139.1
139. 2
187.5
188.1
188.8
189.0
188.8
188.2
187.9
188.1
189.1
191.2
191.5
191.7
226.2
228.2
228.6
228.6
227.7
225. 6
223.8
222.6
223.1
223.6
224.5
224.0
147.5
150.2
149.3
147.2
145.7
142.3
139.4
140.1
140.8
141.1
138.7
137.9
175.0
175.7
179.1
180.4
180.1
179.5
178.8
175.3
172.4
171.7
172.0
172.0
142.4
142.7
142.5
142.7
141.7
141.7
138.8
138.2
138.5
139.2
141.3
141.6
192.6
198.9
199.4
197.7
195.5
194.7
189.9
187.5
187.0
188.9
189.6
188.8
184.9
187.0
187.4
187.0
186.4
180.0
174.0
170.0
168.8
168.3
168.7
167.9
173.3
175. 6
175.9
176.1
176.2
175.6
175.1
174.4
174.2
174.3
174.1
173.9
176.9
179.3
179.4
179.2
179.0
177.8
176.0
174.9
174.8
174.8
174.3
174.1
170.4
171.9
172.6
172.3
171.6
170.6
168.6
167.2
167.0
166.6
166.9
166.9
All
com
modi
ties
Farm
prod
ucts
Average_____
July . . ..........
November___
M ay. ______
Average..........
69.8
67.3
136.3
167.2
95.3
1932: Average_____
1939: Average_____
A u g u st..........
1940: Average..........
Year and month
1913:
1914:
1918:
1920:
1929:
i This index (1926=100) is the official index for December 1951 and all
previous dates. The revised index (1947-49=100) is the official index for
January 1952 and subsequent dates—see tables D-7 and D-8. BLS whole
sale price data, for the most part, represer t prices in primary markets. They
are prices charged by manufacturers or producers or are prices prevailing on
organized exchanges.
2 1 9 4 1 0 -5 2 —
8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
For a detailed description of the method of calculation for this series see
November 1949 M onthly Labor Review, Compiling M onthly and Weekly
Wholesale Price Indexes (p. 541).
Mimeographed tables are available upon request, giving monthly indexes
for major groups of commodities since 1890 and for subgroups and economic
groups since 1913.
366
D : P R IC E S AND COST OF L IVING
T able
MONTHLY LABOR
D -8: Indexes of Wholesale Prices, by Group and Subgroup of Commodities 1
[1947-49=100]
C o m m o d ity gro u p
J u ly 2
1952
June
1952
A ll co m m o d ities__________________________
111.8
F a rm p r o d u c ts ___________________________
F resh a n d d rie d p ro d u c e ______________
G ra in s _______________________________
L iv esto ck a n d p o u ltr y ........ ............... .......
P la n t a n d a n im a l fib e rs______________
F lu id m ilk .......................................................
E g g s ...................................................................
H a y a n d seeds________________________
O th e r farm p r o d u c ts ............................... __
110.2
128.2
94.9
108. 2
115.3
106.7
112.9
100.5
138.3
P rocessed fo o d s .....................................................
C ereal a n d b a k e ry p ro d u c ts ......... ...........
M e a ts, p o u ltry , fish ___________________
D a iry p ro d u c ts a n d ice c re a m ......... ........
C a n n e d , frozen, fru its a n d v e g e ta b le s ..
S ugar and co n fec tio n e ry _______ ______
P ack a g ed beverage m a te ria ls ...................
A n im a l fats a n d oils______ ______ _____
C ru d e v egetable oils.....................................
R efin ed v egetable oils_________________
V egetable oil en d p ro d u c ts ____________
O th e r processed fo o d s.____ ____________
110.0
106.5
110.6
113.8
103.9
111.6
161.9
64.8
60.4
69. 5
78.9
126.6
A ll c o m m o d ities o th e r th a n farm a n d foods.
112.6
T e x t ile pro d u cts an d a p p a re l..................
C o tto n p ro d u cts________ _________
W ool p ro d u cts_____________ 1_____
S y n th e tic te xtile s__________ _______
S ilk p ro d u cts______________ _____
A p p a r e l__________________________
O ther textile p ro d u c ts ____________
99.4
96.1
113.9
89.4
134.7
100.5
95.7
H id e s , s k in s , an d leather p ro d u c ts........
H id e s and s k in s __________________
L e a t h e r . .____ ___________________
Fo o tw e a r_________________________
O th er leather p ro d u cts.......................
96.2
61.9
89.3
110.6
100.6
F u e l, pow er, an d lig h tin g m aterials___
C o a l._______ _____________________
C o k e .......................................... ...............
G a s _______________________________
E le c t r ic it y ......................... ......... ..........
P e tro le u m an d p ro d u cts....................
105.9
105.9
124.3
102.0
98.5
109.4
C h e m ic a ls an d a llie d p ro d u cts________
In d u s t ria l c h e m ic a ls ..____ ________
P a in t and p a in t m a te ria ls________
D ru g s , ph a rm a ce u ticals, cosm etics.
F a ts an d oils, in e d ib le ____________
M ix e d fertilize r_____________ ______
F e rtiliz e r m a te ria ls____ ___________
O ther chem icals an d p ro d u cts.........
104.2
114.7
106.9
92.1
49.8
108.7
110.7
103.1
R u b b e r an d p ro d u cts_________________
C ru d e ru b b e r______________ _____
T ir e s and tubes___________________
O th er rubber p r o d u c ts ......................
130.4 **¡133.41
138.6
' 152.7
129.6 •A 130. 5
O127.1
127.0
1 See footnote 1, ta b le D -7 .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* P re lim in a ry .
• C orrected,
C o m m o d ity gro u p
Lumber and wood products_____ _____ _______
« 111.2
Lumber................................................ ................
Millwork_______________________________
« 107. 2
Plywood_____ ____ _____ ________________
« 124.2
95.4,
Pulp, paper, and allied products...........................
107.2
Woodpulp____ ___________________ ______
118.7
Wastepaper__________ __________ _______
« 103.5 '
Paper........................................... ....................
81.0
Paperboard............................. .............................
98.5
Converted paper and paperboard............... .
136. 7..
Building paper and board..................... .........
° 108.5
Metals and metal products__________________
106.7
Iron and steel____ ______________________
0 110.1
Nonforrous metals........................................... .
110.1
M etal containers___ _______ ________ _____
« 103.5
Hardware_____ _________________________
110.9
Plumbing equipment—......................................
161.9
Heating equip m ent...........................................
64.1
Structural metal products.......... ...................
00.8
Nonstructural metal products____________
66.6
« 78.1
M achinery and motive products_____________
118.4
Agricultural machinery and equipment____
Construction machinery and equipment___
112.6
M etal working machinery_________ _____ _
General purpose machinery and equipment.
99.0
Miscellaneous machinery_______ _____ ___
95.4
Electrical machinery and equipment............
112.8
Motor vehicles........................................ ............
88.6
129.8
Furniture and other household durables..............
o 100.3
Household furniture ....................................
98.7
Commercial fu rn iture..______ ___________
Floor covering........... ..........................................
95.9
Household appliances........................................
f 59.5
Radio,
TV, and phonographs____________
188.9
Other household durable goods.......... ............
111. 0
0 100.6
Nonm etalic minerals—structural_____________
Flat glass............................ .................................
o 105.9
Concrete ingredients___________ _____ ____
105.3
Concrete products..............................................
^ 124.3
Structural
clay products................................ .
. ,« 102.01
Gypsum products_______________________
« 98.5
Prepared asphalt roofing_________________
109.6
Other nonmetallic minerals________ ______
'
I
104.3'
114.9
107.0?
H 92.2
152.0
« 108.71
109.9
103.0
J u ly 2
1952
June
1952
1 2 0 .2
1 2 0 .4
1 2 6 .8
1 0 5 .7
1 1 9 .9
« 1 2 0 .1
1 2 6 .4
1 0 5 .7
1 1 5 .5
1 0 9 .3
5 5 .1
1 2 3 .8
1 2 5 .4
1 1 3 .2
1 1 5 .8
1 1 6 .7
1 1 3 .3
5 5 .1
1 2 4 .2
1 2 9 .3
1 1 3 .7
1 1 5 .8
1 2 1 .9
1 2 2 .3
1 2 3 .9
1 2 0 .5
1 2 3 .9
1 1 8 .1
1 1 3 .6
1 1 5 .4
1 2 4 .4
1 2 1 .1
1 2 2 .4
■> 1 2 0 .0
1 2 0 .5
1 2 3 .9
1 1 8 .0
« 1 1 3 .5
1 1 5 .4
1 2 4 .4
1 2 1 .3
1 2 1 .5
1 2 5 .4
1 2 7 .9
1 2 2 .4
1 1 9 .0
1 2 0 .0
1 1 9 .7
« 1 2 1 .3
1 2 1 .5
1 2 5 .4
1 2 7 .9
1 2 2 .4
1 1 9 .0
1 2 0 .0
1 1 9 .7
«
»
«
«
«
1 1 1 .6
1 1 2 .6
1 2 3 .2
1 1 9 .1
1 0 6 .8
9 3 .8
1 1 9 .4
1 1 1 .6
• 1 1 2 .7
1 2 3 .2
« 1 1 9 .1
« 1 0 6 .8
« 9 3 .8
1 1 9 .3
1 1 3 .8
1 1 4 .4
1 1 2 .9
1 1 2 .4
1 2 1 .4
1 1 7 .7
1 0 6 .0
1 1 1 .9
1 1 3 .8
1 1 4 .4
1 1 2 .9
1 1 2 .4
1 2 1 .4
1 1 7 .7
1 0 6 .0
1 1 1 .9
Tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages....
Cigarettes___________________ ______ ____
Cigars_________________________________
Other tobacco products............. ........................
Alcoholic beverages______________________
Nonalcoholic beverages________ ____ _____
1 1 0 .8
1 0 7 .3
9 8 .0
1 1 4 .8
1 1 1 .2
1 1 9 .7
1 1 0 .8
1 0 7 .3
9 8 .0
1 1 4 .8
1 1 1 .2
1 1 9 .7
M iscellaneous__________ ____________________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms....................
Manufactured animal feeds________ ____ _
Notions and accessories..______ __________
Jewelry, watches, photo equipment....... .......
Other miscellaneous..____ _______________
1 0 5 .5
113. 5
1 0 2 .7
9 1 .5
1 0 1 .1
1 2 0 .8
1 0 8 .1
1 1 3 .5
1 0 7 .9
9 1 .5
1 0 1 .0
1 2 0 .5
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
367
D : PRICES AND COST OF LIV IN G
E: Work Stoppages
T able E -l: Work Stoppages Resulting From Labor-Management Disputes 1
Workers involved in stoppages
Number of stoppages
Man-days idle daring month
or year
M onth and year
Beginning in
month or year
In effect dur
ing month
Beginning in
month or year
2, 862
4,750
4, 985
3,693
3,419
3,006
4,843
1951: July-----------------------------------------------------------------A ugust.------------- --------- ------------- ----------------------September_______________ _____ ______ __________
October............................... ..................................... ...........
November............................................................ - ..............
December........ ......................................................................
450
505
457
487
305
186
644
727
693
728
521
357
284,000
213,000
215,000
248, 000
84,000
81, 500
1952: January 2........... ...................................................................
February 2........................................... ....................- ...........
March 2________________________________________
April2__________________________________________
M ay 2-____________________________ ____ ________
June 2. ................................ ........................... ............ ...........
July 2_____________ ____________ — ...........<-----------
400
350
400
475
475
425
425
600
550
600
650
675
650
650
190,000
185,000
240,000
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 , 000,000
300, 000
170,000
125,000
Number
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
16, 900,000
38, 000,000
116,000,000
34, 600, 000
34,100,000
50, 500,000
38, 800, 000
0. 27
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.59
.44
345,000
314,000
340,000
365,000
191,000
130,000
1,880, 000
2, 640,000
2, 540,000
2, 790, 000
1,610,000
1 , 020,000
.2 2
250,000
250,000
320,000
1 , 200. 000
1 , 200, 000
1 , 000,000
850,000
1, 250,000
1,270,000
1,400,000
5, 300,000
7, 500,000
14,000.000
12,500,000
.14
.15
.17
.61
.90
1,130,000
3, 470,000
4,600,000
2,170,000
1,960,000
3,030,000
2, 410,000
1935-39 (average)
.
. . . . _______
1945
..................................................................... —..............- ................ - ________________ ___________
1946
1947.....................................................................................................
1948
......................................................................- ......................
1949
..........................................................................................
1950..........................................................................................- .........
i All known work stoppages, arising out of labor-management disputes,
involving six or more workers and continuing as long as a full day or shift
are included in reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Figures on “work
ers involved’’ and “man-days idle” cover all workers made idle for one or
In effect dur
ing month
.28
.33
.30
.19
.13
1.68
1.44
more shifts in establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not
measure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or indus
tries whose employees are made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
2 Preliminary.
368
F: BUILD IN G AND CONSTRUCTION
MONTHLY LABOR
F : Building and Construction
T able F - l: Expenditures for New Construction 1
[Value of work put in place]
Expenditures (in millions)
Type of construction
1952
Aug .2 July 3 June
M ay
April
1951
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
1951
1950
Total
Total
Total new construction4. . ______________ $3,152 $3,077 $2, 980 $2, 778 $2, 541 $2, 345 $2,102 $2,193 $2, 394 $2 , 660 $2,893 $2, 934 $2, 942 $31. 025 $28, 749
Private construction_______ ___ ______ 2,042 1,995 1,925 1,811 1, 690 1,616 1,464 1,518 1, 674 1,818 1,908 1,955 1, 971 21, 684 21 , 610
Residential building (nonfarm)______ 1,053 1,023
979
922
849
799
676
720
840
930
963
958
956 10, 973 12 , 600
New dwelling units______________
935
905
860
810
750
710
600
650
760
832
858
849
847 9,849 11, 525
Additions and alterations________
100
101
104
99
87
77
63
57
66
84
91
93
92
' 934
900
Nonhousekeeping 8____ ________
18
17
15
13
12
12
13
14
13
14
14
16
17
175
190
Nonresidential building (nonfarm) *__
417
412
408
392
386
397
407
415
415
425
440
460
465 5, 152
3, 777
Industrial_______________ _______
178
180
185
188
194
201
209
209
200
200
205
210
204 2,117
1,062
Commercial
_________________
97
97
93
82
73
74
76
92
83
96
95
101
108 1,371
1 , 288
Warehouses, office and loft
buildings . . . ______ ______
41
39
37
34
33
33
36
39
41
41
41
45
48
544
402
Stores, restaurants, and garages.
56
58
56
48
41
40
40
44
51
55
54
56
60
827
886
Other nonresidential building____
142
135
130
122
119
122
122
123
123
129
149
140
153 1, 664
1, 427
R eligious__________ _________
37
34
32
29
29
28
30
32
31
34
38
42
43
’ 452
409
Educational ............ ................ .
32
30
29
27
26
26
27
28
28
29
32
31
32
345
294
Social and recreational_______
12
11
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
10
12
164
247
13
Hospital and institutional1___
31
35
34
33
33
33
32
32
33
34
36
37
38
419
344
Miscellaneous_______________
27
25
25
24
23
25
24
22
23
23
25
26
27
284
133
Farm construction_______________ . .
183
ISO
171
157
136
123
113
110
110
126
179
148
194 1,800
1, 791
Public u tilitie s___________________
381
371
359
333
292
313
263
267
303
331
351
352
350 3, 695
3, 330
Railroad. _____________________
37
36
36
33
32
30
27
37
30
41
40
35
38
315
399
Telephone and telegraph________
48
47
47
46
45
46
41
41
40
42
44
43
43
487
440
Other public u tilitie s____________
296
288
276
254
236
216
195
196
226
248
267
274
269 2,809
2, 575
All other private 8__________________
8
9
8
7
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
64
112
Public construction____
____________ 1 ,110 1,082 1,055
851
967
729
638
675
720
842
985
979
971 9, 341 . 7,139
Residential building A _ __ ___ _ .
54
53
55
55
57
59
62
65
66
68
66
63
56
595
345
Nonresidential building (other than
military or naval facilities)_________
395
387
370
351
334
301
268
282
289
300
318
319
324 3, 471
2, 402
Industrial____ ____ _____________
186
181
166
151
134
108
85
90
95
97
105
103
104
’ 958
224
Educational. . . . ______________
136
134
133
132
131
128
126
129
131
134
136
136
134 1, 531
1,163
Hospital and institutional________
41
42
41
40
41
38
35
37
36
37
40
40
42
498
476
Other nonresidential. . . _________
32
30
30
28
28
27
22
26
27
32
37
40
44
539
484
Military and naval facilities 18________
152
155
153
150
135
122
105
113
116
136
147
129
108 1,019
177
Highways________________ _______ _
340
320
310
250
175
115
90
111
90
187
293
303
314 2, 400
2,
381
Sewer and water____________________
64
63
62
60
56
51
46
48
50
55
58
60
62
706
671
Miscellaneous public service enter*
prises 11 ___________________________
19
18
18
18
14
12
8
11
12
15
20
21
213
186
23
Conservation and developm ent..........
79
80
81
77
74
65
56
62
72
76
78
77
77
860
881
All other public 18 ....................................
7
6
6
6
6
4
3
4
4
5
5
7
7
77
96
1 Joint estimates of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of
Labor, and the Building Materials Division, U. S. Department of Com
merce. Estimated construction expenditures represent the monetary value
of the volume of work accomplished during the given period of time. These
figures should be differentiated from permit valuation data reported in the
tabulations for building authorized (tables F-3 and F- 4 ) and the data on
value of contract awards reported in table E-2.
1 Preliminary.
* Bevised.
4 Includes major additions and alterations.
8 Includes hotels, dormitories, and tourist courts and cabins.
8 Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential
building are included under “ Public utilities.”
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7 Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
* Covers privately owned sewer and water facilities, roads and bridges, and
miscellaneous nonbuilding items such as parks and playgrounds.
s Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as
housekeeping units.
10 Covers all construction, building as well as non building (except for pro
duction facilities, which are included in public industrial building).
'1 Covers primarily publicly owned airports, electric light and power
systems, and local transit facilities.
11 Covers public construction not elsewhere classified, such as parks, play
grounds, and memorials.
369
F: BUILD IF G AND CONSTRUCTION
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
T able F-2: Value of Contracts Awarded and Force-Account Work Started on Federally Financed
New Construction, by Type of Construction 1
Value (in thousands)
June*
Total new construction
Airfields *_____________
Building______________
Residential_________
Nonresidential______
Educational *_____
Hospital and insti
tutional. _ .............
Administrative and
genera! ‘________
Other nonresidential
building _____
Airfield buildings 6.
Industrial 7__ . . .
Troop housing___
Warehouses_____
Miscellaneous 8__
Conservation and de
velopment.................
Reclamation________
River, harbor, and
flood control_______
Highways. __________
Electrification _______
All other
................. .
1951
1952
Type of construction
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
1951
1950
Total
Total
$596,883 $285,047 $358, 525 $265,187 $202,100 $260,887 $208, 507 $190,610 $189,117 $264,023 $281, 797 $337,685 $639, 451 $4, 201, 939 $2, 805, 214
3,371
3,833
6, 949
6,020
17, 556
369,355 143,940 144, 461 144, 054 104,876
280
178
530
668
2,067
367, 288 143,272 143,931 143,876 104, 596
3,318
6, 508
879
5,896
12, 290
20,060
11,891
15,171
3,422
23, 270
615
10, 902
3, 266
10, 629
1,717
3,340
9,315
97,120 115, 631
310
306
96,816 115,325
7,
703
3,384
10,170
72, 316
72, 204
9,825
58, 183
278,630
9,096 14, 532 15, 535 48, 427 91,849
72, 709 109, 893 151,381 165,801 339, 054 2,179, 280 1, 369, 617
15, 445
8,966
748
64
611
179
46
72, 663 109, 714 151,317 165,190 338, 306 2,170, 314 1.354, 172
3, 123
2, 225
60, 570
6, 909
8, 038
12. 229
9, 723
5, 745
10, 653
10, 867
14, 601
29, 634
23,825
15,843
53, 838
305, 787
2, 236
1,570
1,265
1,812
15,673
2,807
1,116
7, 675
57,146
58, 794
896, 169
32, 450
745, 037
2 . 589
45, 437
70, 656
112
396, 086
323,047 123,800 114,150 126, 390
6, 461
5,310
2, 702
7,773
166, 522 48, 511 31,161 43, 645
58,360 23,178 36, 534 28, 492
38,013 35,998 28, 256 29,765
52,379 13,411 12,889 18, 027
85, 742
2, 041
6, 764
23, 962
32, 427
20, 548
85, 451
905
11,703
25, 020
28,133
19, 690
95, 399
1,787
32, 274
47, 293
6, 734
7,311
50, 247
309
27, 973
656
12, 547
8, 762
44, 021
3, 903
10, 890
4,850
23,177
54, 684 116, 647 141, 322 274, 568 1, 746,811
91, 911
11,013 15, 685 13,137 21, 251
892, 384
22, 033 47, 006 71, 731 81. 244
225, 909
9, 498 86, 600
5,633
3, 055
75, 824
7,880 18, 908
3, 229
3,156
460, 783
15, 427 45, 094 39, 076 66, 565
50, 433
34, 637
15, 246
5,461
24,382
5,470
26, 389
527
13,852
2, 423
28, 449
2,017
19, 429
6,244
47, 493
6, 409
9,816
1,953
9, 551
5, 204
28,087
7, 677
396,841
86, 928
321, 458
81, 768
6,635 15, 796
33, 797
124; 689 105, 228 101, 566
9, 039 10,896 49, 681
8, 551
3i; 524 10,137
9, 785
79, 605
12, 738
6,595
18,912
60,971
2, 960
5,540
25,862
66, 430
11, 429
53, 373
6, 464
15,847
26, 432
69, 554
2,711
7, 410
13,185
65, 375
3, 614
18,894
41,084
68, 419
5, 671
18, 015
7,863
91, 588
2, 730
10, 747
4, 347
77, 090
13, 932
22,884
20, 410
98, 564
24,889
57, 008
309, 913
850, 946
281, 251
214, 991
239, 690
836, 015
156, 981
62, 960
44,720
10,923
8, 826
2,191
49, 523
12,104
1 Excludes classified military projects, but includes projects for the Atomic
Energy Commission. Data for Federal-aid programs cover amounts contrib
uted by both owner and the Federal Government. Force-account work is
done not through a contractor, but directly by a Government agency, using a
separate work force to perform nonmaintenance construction on the agency’s
own properties.
5 Includes major additions and alterations.
1 Excludes hangars and other buildings, which are included under “ Other
nonresidential” building construction.
4 Includes projects under the Federal School Construction Program, which
provides aid for areas affected by Federal Government activities.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,20 1
5 Includes post offices, armories, offices, and customhouses.
• Includes all buildings on civilian airports and military airfields and air
bases with the exception of barracks and other troop housing, which are in
cluded under “ Troop housing.”
7 Covers all industrial plants under Federal Government ownership, in
cluding those which are privately operated.
• Includes types of buildings not elsewhere classified.
• Includes sewer and water projects, railroad construction, and other types
of projects not elsewhere classified
♦During June, the last month in the fiscal year, volume is relatively high
because of the large number of contracts customarily awarded.
370
F: B UILD IN G AND CONSTRUCTION
MONTHLY LABOR
T able F-3: Urban Building Authorized, by Principal Class of Construction and by Type of Building 1
Number of new dwelling units—House
keeping only
Valuation (in thousands)
N ew residential building
Period
Housekeeping
Total all
classes 3
1942.
1946.
1947.
1948.
1949.
1950.
1951-
Privately financed
NonPrivately financed dwelling units
Publicly housefinanced keepdwell
ing 8
2 -fam
M ulti
ing
Total
1 -family
family 8 units
ily «
New non
resi
dential
building
Addi
tions,
altera
tions,
and
repairs
Total
1 -fam
ily
2 -fam
ily »
Pub
Multi- licly fi
nanced
fainily 1
$2,707,573
4,743, 414
5, 563, 348
6,972, 784
7,396,274
10, 408, 292
8,895,430
$598, 570
2,114,833
2,885, 374
3,422,927
3, 724, 924
5| 803; 912
4,375,520
$478,658
1,830,260
2,361,752
2, 745, 219
2, 845,399
4,845,104
3,814,922
$42, 629
103,042
151,036
181, 493
132,365
179, 214
170,392
1951: ■Tune___ ...
July-------A ugust___
September.
O ctober...
November.
December.
1,026, 579
733,378
781, 644
838,035
651,679
541. 096
429,830
388,187
343,994
385,139
435,867
344,329
264, 089
210, 328
335, 958
292,998
333,986
379,690
306,172
235,404
178,004
15,587
13,816
15,389
18,169
14,374
10, 324
9, 572
36,642
37,180
35,764
38, 007
23, 784
18,301
22, 752
301,182
30,000
15,838
16, 616
9, 788
21,192
10,669
1,454
3, 685
4,100
7, 684
4,880
2,369
1,014
235,856
246, 541
272,987
282, 659
196, 589
186,187
148,031
99, 900
109,159
103,581
95, 209
96, 092
67, 258
59,788
47, 057
42,037
47,182
50,492
42,175
32, 682
26,805
37, 860
33,307
38,036
40,371
35, 580
27, 782
21, 238
2,629
2,396
2, 669
2,995
2,477
1,766
1,700
6,568
6,334
6,477
7,126
4,118
3,134
3,807
35,007
3, 275
1,706
1 , 860
1,017
2,308
1,234
1952: January__
February..
March........
April_____
M ay 9____
June 7____
508, 470
595.214
778, 897
843,466
813,858
826,674
266, 719
345,009
407, 925
465, 375
443, 641
411, 598
234,184
300,701
352, 857
409, 724
388, 300
366,346
12 , 206
17,263
18, 794
20,380
20, 599
20, 031
20,329
27,045
36, 274
35, 271
34, 742
25, 221
25, 731
25,181
76. 903
73, 066
55,150
49, 335
1,247
1,607
4, 570
3, 307
5, 561
3,605
145, 675
146,739
198, 888
208,317
204,635
254, 790
69.098
76,678
90. 611
93, 401
104,871
107, 346
34, 374
43.191
49, 942
56, 269
53, 228
48, 567
28, 376
34,978
40,136
45,936
43, 572
40, 916
2,386
3,017
3, 469
3,558
3, 532
3, 018
3,612
5,196
6, 337
6,775
6,124
4, 633
3,185
2,975
9,588
8,941
5, 996
5,438
$77,283 $296,933 $22, 910 $1,510,688 $278,472
181,531 355, 587 43,369 1, 458, 602 771,023
372, 586
42,249 29,831 1, 713, 489 892,404
496, 215 139, 334 38,034 2,367,940 1,004, 549
747,160 285,627
779, 594 301,961 84, 508 3,127, 769 1,090,142
390, 206 579,634 37,467 2,807,359 1,095,451
i Building for which building permits were issued and Federal contracts
awarded in all urban places, Including an estimate of building undertaken
in some smaller urban places that do not issue permits.
The data cover federally and nonfederally financed building construction
combined. Estimates of non-Federal (private and State and local govern
ment) urban building construction are based primarily on building-permit
reports received from places containing about 85 percent of the urban popula
tion of the country; estimates of federally financed projects are compiled from
notifications of construction contracts awarded, which are obtained from
other Federal agencies. Data from building permits are not adjusted to allow
for lapsed permits or for lag between permit issuance and the start of construc
tion. Thus, the estimates do not represent construction actually started
during the month.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
184,892
430,195
502, 312
516,179
138, 908
358,151
393, 606
392, 532
413, 543
796,143 623,330
533,942 434,893
15, 747
24, 326
33, 423
36,306
30, 237
47,718
75, 283
87, 341
135,312
33, 302 139,511
29,.743 69,306
95,946
98, 310
5. 833
15,114
32,194
34, 363
66,044
Urban is defined according to the 1940 Census, and includes all incorporated
places of 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1940 and a small number of places,
usually minor civil divisions, classified as urban under special rule.
Sums of components do not always equal totals exactly because of rounding.
» Covers additions, alterations, and repairs, as well as new residential and
nonresidential building.
* Includes units in 1 -family and 2-family structures with stores.
1 Includes units in multifamily structures with stores.
• Covers hotels, dormitories, tourist cabins, and other nonhousekeeping
residential buildings.
8 Revised.
7 Preliminary.
REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 1952
371
F: BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-4: New Nonresidential Building Authorized in All Urban Places,1 by General Type and by
Geographic Division 2
Valuation (in thousands)
Geographic division and
type of new nonresi
dential building
1952
June 3
M ay4
Apr.
1951
Mar.
Jan.
Feb.
Dec.
All types- ....................... $254,790 $204,635 $208. 317 $198,888 $146, 739 $145,675
New England ..........
9,896
8, 914 13, 812 19, 440
7, 522 10,847
Middle Atlantic___ 41,989 34,294 29, 773 41, 738 26, 096 25,311
East North Central. 55,490 66,073 45, 827 40, 238 34, 879 28,136
West North Central. 17,157 18,356 20, 367 10,941 10,136
9, 732
South Atlantic____
28, 234 19, 557 20, 589 22, 784 21,615 17, 060
East South Central
18,936
6,199
5, 010
6, 735
8, 455
6, 556
West South Central
23, 560 18, 994 25, 224 17,503 15, 736 18,142
M ountain_________ 14,972
5, 477
7, 763
6,411
5, 639
4,125
Pacific____________ 44, 556 24,484 42, 208 31,378 20, 074 24, 073
Industrial buildings8. . .
New England_____
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central.
West North Central.
South A tla n tic .___
East South Central.
West South Central.
M ountain____ ____
Pacific____________
Commercial buildings 8
New E ngland..........
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central
West North Central.
South Atlantic____
East South Central.
West South Central.
M ountain........... .......
Pacific____________
Community buildings 7.
New E ngland..........
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic____
East South Central.
West South Central.
M ountain________
Pacific . . ________
Public buildings 8___ .
New E n g la n d ____
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic___ _
East South Central.
W est South Central.
Mountain_________
Pacific__________
Public works and utility
buildings*_____
New England_____
Middle A tlantic___
East North Central»
W est North Central.
South Atlantic____
East South Central.
W est South Central.
M ountain___ _____
Pacific_______ __
All other buildings 10__
New England_____
M iddle Atlantic___
East North Central.
Wrest North Central.
South Atlantic____
East South Central.
West South Central.
Mountain_________
Pacific____________
41,193
1,298
8, 552
13,707
1,267
2,044
2, 270
2,306
288
9,461
65,728
2,394
10,696
13,203
4,738
8,159
2,405
11,469
4,267
8, 397
87,038
3,640
12,496
16, 779
8,240
12,824
5,637
5,188
2,548
19,686
24, 747
59
2,487
1,665
0
33,613
1,690
5,200
17,457
1,412
656
2,460
888
445
3,406
50,848
1,908
6,426
12, 508
4,583
7,347
1,251
6,961
2,775
7,090
81,338
3,487
15,035
22,751
8,252
7, 918
1,992
9,146
2,10 1
10,656
10,107
559
3,950
2,150
12
1,214
7,872
1,567
6, 695
3,188
1,623
34
44
1,650
84
14,086
1,647
5,724
2,981
395
359
346
1,499
104
1,031
21,998
858
2,035
7,155
2, 515
3,635
405
1,532
1,070
2,793
8,321
102
1,383
3,904
2,102
291
36
0
7
496
20,408
1,168
2,299
7,304
1,995
1,723
426
1,956
785
2, 752
33, 067
1, 570
6,068
6,683
1, 332
3,108
354
4,421
246
9,285
54, 010
2, 256
8,489
10, 904
4,867
8,457
1, 948
7, 552
2,384
7, 183
79, 851
8, 277
11, 696
17, 036
11, 825
5, 708
2,057
10, 054
1 , 082
12 , 116
12 , 216
536
216
4,080
54, 976
2, 751
16, 120
8,133
3, 715
6, 369
3, 528
6, 560
1, 500
6, 300
96, 367
14. 330
18. 950
18, 843
4, 569
13, 081
2, 224
8,681
1, 636
14, 053
4, 725
461
1, 393
31
246
19
450
554
172
0
0
120
6
714
716
8,649
8,568
275
803
3, 188
169
1,673
240
728
30
1, 462
20. 576
1,429
2,256
6,623
2,143
1 , 398
440
1, 755
1,019
3, 513
22, 517
1.010
4, 427
7, 665
643
1,728
2 ,212
10
927
2,473
5, 779
1,008
268
1,020
479
247
112
272
0
2, 373
14, 524
332
1, 955
4,126
981
1,186
379
1,334
2,131
2,100
17,391
2,299
2, 074
5, 859
1, 300
939
340
1,541
132
2, 907
34, 434
1,227
5, 398
6, 953
1, 724
5, 957
1, 146
4, 823
1,092
6,114
71, 769
3, 406
17, 030
19, 032
5, 857
7, 608
4, 528
6, 658
2, 005
5, 645
3, 696
339
107
256
0
2,351
0
23, 222
5, 939
3, 940
4, 731
1,484
1, 570
662
1,586
279
3,031
33,184
1, 983
5,203
3,853
1, 537
5, 045
2,163
4, 995
2, 807
5, 598
64,084
2, 481
13,121
12, 447
6, 137
8, 559
2, 639
7, 321
1, 140
10, 239
4, 045
86
1 , 122
1, 522
0
52
1,000
Oct.
Sept.
17, 828
617
1, 599
9,236
1,131
499
248
1,185
293
3,021
43, 594
1,174
6,625
6, 797
1, 458
6, 714
744
4,707
1, 835
13, 539
54, 910
4, 799
19, 585
6,503
5, 382
5, 361
1,270
5,310
1, 331
5, 368
11, 593
265
48
7,934
345
2,093
0
58, 295
4,362
10,100
36, 652
1,156
1, 530
118
975
749
2,654
41, 348
1,314
8,904
6, 476
3, 776
4, 853
1. 738
4,132
1, 479
8, 674
59, 611
6, 784
8,815
16, 095
4, 593
7, 356
1, 963
4, 814
2, 038
7, 153
6, 063
780
38
937
8
195
0
8,809
624
348
3, 309
889
324
6, 341
3, 948
0
604
8
148
8,163
28
644
816
238
3, 517
12, 753
149
1,162
3,903
134
689
11, 674
205
187
1,424
7,507
106
647
707
534
3, 555
9, 713
361
1,024
3, 960
1 , 002
8
161
842
763
4
2,087
1 1 , 286
223
842
1, 963
1,017
1,243
476
1 , 821
802
2,899
2,862
1, 085
2, 769
8,387
209
762
1 , 680
441
1,144
271
1, 318
310
2,252
June
57, 624
1, 843
8, 529
16, 563
3, 980
2, 865
887
949
304
21, 705
61,124
7, 071
5,267
13, 344
2, 940
5,468
2,244
305
0
July
36, 206 36,163 48, 651
1, 503
2,624
4,600
9,379
11, 546
6,634
12, 981 12 , 218 22,165
1,169
1, 527
3, 887
1 , 016
1 , 008
2, 950
982
1, 590
4,548
1,046
1, 048
1, 475
214
382
308
5, 655
3, 735
4,830
47,144 91, 488 57, 360
1, 693
5,947
2, 535
6, 631 12, 655 10, 815
9,375 16, 487 10 , 822
2, 934
2, 424
4, 977
9, 346 17, 484
7, 244
2, 074
1 , 800
3, 078
7,341
5, 499 10, 946
2,143
1, 034
4, 398
7,722 18, 928
9, 661
79, 016 114,163 122, 591
6,130
8, 083 19, 971
14, 504 10, 375 13, 959
18, 821 29, 208 24, 604
9, 734 16, 842
6, 160
8, 467 15,191 15, 786
1, 775
1, 475
2, 301
6,248 13, 816 18, 361
4, 625
5, 111 10, 334
9,011 13, 236 11, 641
4,362
5, 879 16, 097
521
889
200
226
213 11, 076
374
897
130
244
0
777
2,066
47
40
56
36
0
654
685
18
361
1, 090
0
382
3,109
1,645
60
18
185
66
Aug.
1950
Total
Total
!
$148, 031 $186,187 $196, 589 $282, 659 $272, 987 $246, 541 $235, 856 $2, 807, 359 $3,127, 700
7,566 14, 651 11, 294 16,170 32, 282 17, 681 14, 321
197,358
193, 386
28, 958i 29, 988 36,132 33, 408 47, 537 26, 442 28, 733
422, 549
516, 583
33, 710 63, 408 52,322 70, 698 68, 478 59, 253 68, 990
744,183
675, 555
8, 946 11,181 17, 692 30, 799 13, 482 18, 220 19, 866
204, 788
262, 737
15, 687 18, 222 20, 962 39, 716 26, 266 25, 345 18, 442
301, 283
375, 803
2, 939
5,603
4, 999
8,176
5,436 12, 966
112 . 622
8, 760
144, 084
12, 635 15, 673 15, 777 28, 872 30, 699 23,109 32, 328
287, 388
388, 201
7,363
5,229
5, 279
9, 088 1 1 , 282 13, 311
8, 496
101, 235
112,265
32, 361 22,183 28, 324 43, 537 32,172 62, 558 32, 847
435, 953
459,155
131
90
422
1 Building for which permits were issued and Federal contracts awarded
in all urban places, including an estimate of building undertaken in some
smaller urban places that do not issue permits. Sums of components do not
always equal totals exactly because of rounding.
J For scope and source of urban estimates, see table F-3, footnote 1.
* Preliminary.
4 Revised.
8 Includes factories, navy yards, army ordnance plants, bakeries, ice plants,
Industrial warehouses, and other buildings at the site of these and similar
production plants.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Nov.
1951
6
389
368
472
70
8, 553
8,433
506
914
1,817
623
632
308
657
1, 700
1,276
845
440
664
13, 364
1, 305
1, 485
2, 540
1,113
732
1,776
958
565
2,891
1,2 12
0
1,150
20,148
1 , 086
2 , 201
7. 054
2,852
881
523
1, 488
923
3,140
9,458
1 , 002
1, 354
3. 722
1, 825
128
250
511
240
426
25, 508
1, 037
2,176
8,166
2,492
1, 298
922
2, 532
1,151
5, 735
0
1,727
240
1, 348
19, 478
941
1,960
7,203
2,238
1, 857
363
1 ,1 1 0
1,128
2,677
6,120
4,675
13, 990
92, 056
7, 793
8,956
18, 114
8, 333
1 1 , 628
1, 718
13, 370
2 , 079
20, 066
11, 981
214
325
3, 714
299
3,636
100
64
0
3,630
42
1, 633
1 , 861
758
175
92
560
126
1, 094
17, 415
717
1, 733
5, 657
1,905
1,574
396
2, 047
1.313
2, 074
43,123
506,193
296, 803
2,667
31, 916
13, 999
8,722
97,144
55, 679
19,177
205, 815
110,829
1,252
25, 306
23, 369
2,229
22 , 038
17, 019
1, 129
23, 914
13, 355
2, 482
18, 328
17, 800
1, 044
6,103
5, 469
4, 421
75, 629
39, 284
52, 846
739, 908 1,122, 583
1. 984
36, 506
53, 675
111, 764
8,050
212,645
11, 324
155, 535
201,314
4,116
43, 206
94.104
99, 315
5,098
139, 990
1, 797
36, 535
46, 076
93, 132
8, 418
175,129
1,854
26,185
47, 481
137, 730
10, 206
152,169
104, 197 1,147, 356 1,200,078
105, 739
6, 207
107, 541
107, 319
8, 871
169, 036
24, 706
263, 047
275, 029
12 , 022
105, 792
105, 603
8,534
139, 562
179,635
43, 328
9, 270
62, 529
17, 344
130,150
146,688
2, 755
51 , 210
43, 296
141, 209
14, 429
170, 721
6,443
134, 894
108,196
886
4,354
2,584
16, 236
195
40,178
25, 332
158
9, 513
132
2, 084
4, »96
17, 419
901
15, 008
271
0
9, 279
15, 899
2,337
8, 268
625
4,136
3, 240
22, 466
1 , 208
41,928
13, 656
1, 813
1, 113
7,683
806
673
331
762
18
455
15, 592
705
1, 782
5,940
1, 538
1, 007
439
986
1 , 068
2,128
115, 708
8, 801
1 1 , 161
35, 028
9, 672
9,629
1, 988
11, 058
2, 094
26. 279
189, 998
10, 044
18, 925
59, 426
18. 727
13, 320
6, 587
18, 821
11, 507
32, 640
106,164
6,478
16, 868
26, 585
9,314
7,658
3,316
13, 646
2,702
19, 597
207. 247
9,109
22,177
52, 235
25, 451
16, 493
9, 529
26 670
10,077
35, 456
8 Includes amusement and recreation buildings, stores and other mercantile
buildings, commercial garages, gasoline and service stations, etc.
7 Includes churches, hospitals, and other institutional buildings, schools,
libraries, etc.
8 Includes Federal, State, county, and municipal buildings, such as post
offices, courthouses, city halls, fire and police stations, Jails, prisons, arsenals,
armories, army barracks, etc.
* Includes railroad, bus and airport buildings, roundhouses, radio stations,
gas and electric plants, public comfort stations, etc.
10 Includes private garages, sheds, stables and bams, and ..other buildings
not elsewhere classified.
372
F: BUI LDI NG AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-5: Number and Construction Cost of New Permanent Nonfarm Dwelling Units Started, by
Urban or Rural Location, and by Source of Funds 1
Number of new dwelling units started
All units
Period
Total
non
farm
Privately financed
Urban
Rural
non
farm
1925................. ............................... .
937,000
1933 3__________________________
93,000
1941 *__________________________
706,100
1944 s__________________________
141, 300
1946_____ ____ _________________
670, 500
1947............................ ..........................
849,000
1948........... ................................. ........... 931,600
1949...................................................... 1,025,100
I960 8______ _____ ____ __________ 1, 396,000
1951.............................................. ......... 1,091,300
752,000
45,000
434, 300
96,200
403, 700
479,800
524, 900
588,800
827,800
595,300
185,000
937,000
48,000
93,000
619, 500
271,300
45,600
138, 700
662, 500
266,800
369, 200
845,600
406, 700
913, 500
436, 300
988,800
568, 200 1,352, 200
496, 000 ,020,100
1950: First quarter..........................
January-----------------------_____
February -.
M arch..
____________
Second quarter____________
April___________________
M ay___________________
J u n e _____________ _____
Third quarter_____________
July---------------- -----------August_________________
September_____________
Fourth quarter___________
October________________
November. ____________
December....... ................ .
278, 900
78, 700
82,900
117,300
426, 800
133,400
149,100
144, 300
406, 900
144,400
141,900
, 600
283,400
102, 500
87, 300
93, 600
167, 800
48,200
51, 000
, 600
247,000
78, 800
85, 500
82, 700
238, 200
84,200
83, 600
70, 400
174, 800
59, 400
53,100
62,300
111,100
1951: First quarter........................ .
Janu ary..............................
February____ __________
March . . _________ ____
Second quarter____ _______
April_____ _____________
M a y ___________________
June____________ _____ _
Third quarter................. .......
July____________________
August__________ _____ _
September.......................... .
Fourth quarter. _________
O c to b e r ........ ......................
November_____________ _
December-............................
260, 300
85, 900
80, 600
93, 800
329, 700
96, 200
132,500
276,000
90, 500
89,100
96,400
225,300
90,000
74, 500
60,800
147,800
49,600
47, 000
51,200
192, 000
51, 900
55,400
84,700
141, 200
45, 900
45, 900
49,400
114,300
44, 400
38, 500
31,400
1952: First quarter............................
January________________
February______________
March______________
Second quarter____________
A p ril8___ _________
M ay___________________
June 10__________________
246, 500
64,900
77, 700
103,900
319, 200
106,200
107,000
106,000
1
120
101,000
68
Total
non
farm
1
30, 500
31, 900
48, 700
179, 800
54, 600
63, 600
61, 600
168, 700
60,200
58, 300
50,200
108, 600
43,100
34, 200
31,300
112, 500
36, 300
33, 600
42, 600
137, 700
44, 300
45, 600
47, 800
134,800
44, 600
43, 200
47,000
111,000
45, 600
36,000
29, 400
137,400
36,100
42, 800
58, 500
109,100
28, 800
34, 900
45,400
59,000
(»)
(9)
47, 200
m
m
Rural
non
farm
752,000
45,000
369, 500
93, 200
395, 700
476, 400
510,000
656,600
785,600
531,300
185,000
43, 000
250,000
45, 500
266,800
369, 200
403, 500
432, 200
566,600
488,800
165, 600
47, 300
50, 800
67, 500
241,200
77,000
82,200
82, 000
225, 200
79, 500
79, 600
Total
non
farm
0
0
3,400
18.100
36, 300
43,800
71, 200
3,400
14,900
32,200
42, 200
64,000
8,000 8,000
2, 800 2,200
900
600
2900
00
1,300
1,100
6,400
5,800
2,100 1,800
100
153, 600
57, 700
48, 500
47,400
248, 900
82, 200
76, 500
90, 200
280, 200
92, 300
97, 600
90,300
270, 400
, 800
, 300
95, 300
220,600
, 900
72, 200
59, 500
137, 200
46,400
43, 200
47, 600
148, 500
48, 300
52, 300
47, 900
135, 700
42,300
45,100
48, 300
109,900
43,400
36, 200
30, 300
111,700
35, 800
33,300
42, 600
131, 700
44,000
45, 300
42, 400
134, 700
44, 500
43, 200
47, 000
110,700
45, 500
36,000
29, 200
11,400
3, 700
4.100
3, 600
49, 500
3, 900
3,400
42, 200
5,600
3, 700
800
226,900
61, 500
74,300
91,100
294,800
97,000
98,600
99, 200
119,200
32, 900
39,700
46,600
107, 700
28, 600
34,600
44, 500
50,400
(9)
(9)
46, 600
(°)
(9)
19,600
3,400
3,400
12,800
24, 400
9,200
8,400
6,800
86
88
88
0
0
64,800
3,000
110, 500
30, 500
31,500
48, 500
179, 200
54,300
63, 500
61,400
168,400
60,200
58, 200
50, 000
108, 500
43,100
34,200
31,200
66,100
Rural
non
farm
Urban
86,600
3,100
276,100
77, 800
82,300
116,000
420, 400
131,300
145, 700
143,400
393, 600
139, 700
137, 800
116,100
262,100
, 800
82, 700
78, 600
The estimates shown here do not include temporary units, conversions,
dormitory accommodations, trailers, or military barracks. They do include
prefabricated housing units.
These estimates are based on building-permit records, which, beginning
with 1945, have been adjusted for lapsed permits and for lag between permit
issuance and start of construction. They are based also on reports of
Federal construction contract awards and beginning in 1946 on field surveys
in non-permit-issuing places. The data in this table refer to nonfarm
dwelling units started, and not to urban dwelling units authorized, as
shown in table F-3.
All of these estimates contain some error. For example, if the estimate
of nonfarm starts is 50,000, the chances are about 19 out of 20 that an actual
enumeration would produce a figure betweeu 48,000 and 52,000.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Urban
Publicly financed
3,400
900
13, 300
4, 700
4,100
4, 500
21, 300
1,700
4, 600
15,000
3,200 7,203,119
4,100 7,702,971
1,600 11,788, 595
7,200 9,800,538
$295,130
11,823
55,991
25,373
174,139
328,702
370,224
614, 415
2,162,425
589, 997
637,753
934, 675
3, 564, 856
1,093, 726
1,232,976
1,238,154
3, 564, 953
1,253,340
1,266,198
1,045,415
2,496,361
915, 895
762, 625
817,841
2,138, 565
' 581,497
632, 690
924, 378
3, 511,204
1,075, 644
1,204, 978
1, 230, 582
3,446, 722
1, 210, 745
1,230,238
1, 005, 739
2,321,880
' 902,190
724, 876
694, 814
23, 860
, 500
5, 063
10,297
53, 652
18,082
27,998
7, 572
118, 231
42, 595
35, 960
39, 676
174, 481
13, 705
37, 749
123,027
2,293,974
755, 600
716,629
821,745
2, 964,456
, 298
922, 661
1,175,497
2, 527,033
827,173
804, 317
895, 543
2,015,075
806,955
672,078
536,042
2,191,489
' 721| 014
681, 607
788,868
2, 549, 238
828, 339
895,309
825, 500
2,472,196
791, 783
795,624
884, 789
1, 973, 200
796,682
650,660
525, 858
102, 485
34, 586
35, 022
32,877
415, 218
37, 959
27, 352
349, 907
54, 837
35,390
8,693
10, 754
41,875
10, 273
21,418
10,184
2,167,387
566, 625
682, 895
917,867
2,893,001
948, 850
966, 959
977,192
*
2,007,833
538, 612
654,631
814, 590
2,672,864
874, 524
888,448
909,892
159, 554
28, 013
28,264
103'. 277
220,137
74, 326
78,511
67,300
600
0
200
400
600
300
100
200
(7)
(7)
10, 600
800
500
300
(7)
100
200
100
100
6,000
300
300
5,400
1,100 1.100
4,400
1,100 1,000
2, 300
2,300
1,300
1,100
Publicly
financed
$4,475,000
285, 446
2, 530, 765
483,231
3, 713, 776
5,617, 425
7,028, 980
7,374, 269
11.418, 371
9,186,123
1,700
4,600
14,900
4, 700
Privately
financed
0 $4,475, 000
0 285,446
2,825,895
100 495,054
0 3,769, 767
0 5,642,798
300
(7)
3, 200
3, 800
3, 600
43, 500
3, 600
3,100
36, 800
5, 500
3,600
800
Total
21,800
3,300
700
13, 000
4, 700
4,000
4, 300
21,200
Estimated construction cost
(in thousands) 1
100
100
0
(7)
300
100
200
(7)
18, 200
3,200
3,100
11,900
1,400
8,600
(9)
«
600
(9)
(9)
200
300
900
866
0
0
8
* Private construction costs are based on permit valuation, adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construc
tion costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for
individual projects.
* Depression, low year.
Recovery peak year prior to wartime limitations.
Last full year under wartime control,
Housing peak year,
TLess than 60 units,
Revised.
* N ot available;
Preliminary.
4
8
8
8
10
U S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E i 1112
@FedFRASER