Full text of Monthly Labor Review : October 1963, Vol. 86, No. 10

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Monthly
Labor
Review
O C TO BER

1963

VOL.

86

KALAMAZOO
NOV 6 1963

PUBLIC LIBRARY

NO.

Job Tenure of American Workers
Earnings in Bituminous Coal M ines
Intercity Family Food Budget

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W. Willard Wirtz , Secretary

ȀH

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E wan Clague , Commissioner of Labor Statistics
R obert

J.

M yer s,

Acting Commissioner of Labor Statistics

H. M. D outy , Associate Commissioner for Program Planning and Publications
W. D uane E vans , Associate Commissioner for Systems Analysis and Economic Growth
P aul R. K erschbaum , Associate Commissioner for Management and Field Operations
J ack Alterman, D eputy Associate Commissioner for Economic Growth
G ertrude B ancroft, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
V ,
, 1
A rnold E. C hase, Assistant Commissioner for Prices and Living Conditions
J oseph P. Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
H arold G oldstein, Assistant Commissioner for Manpower and Employment Statistics
L eon G reenberg , Assistant Commissioner for Productivity and Technological Developments
P eter H enle , 8pecial Assistant to the Commissioner
R ichard F. J ones, Deputy Associate Commissioner for Management
W alter G. K eim , Deputy Associate Commissioner for Field Operations
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Division of Publications
H yman L. L ewis , Economic Consultant to the Commissioner
L eonard R. L insenmayer, Deputy Associate Commissioner for Program Planning and Publications
F rank S. M cE lroy, Chief, Division of Industrial Hazards
A be R othman, Deputy Associate Commissioner for Systems Analysis
W illiam C. Shelton, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
K enneth G. V an AukEN, Special Assistant to the Commissioner

Regional Offices and Directors
N E W E N G L A N D REGION

M ID D L E A T LA N T IC REG IO N

EAST C E N T R A L REG IO N

W endell D. M acdonald

H erbert Bienstock

J ohn W. L ehman

18 Oliver Street
Boston, Mass. 02110
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Maine
Rhode Island
Massachusetts
Vermont

341 Ninth Avenue
New York, N .Y . 10001
Delaware
New York
Maryland
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
District o] Columbia

1365 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Kentucky
Ohio
Michigan
West Virginia

N O R T H C E N T R A L R EG IO N

A dolph O. B erger
105 West Adams Street
Chicago, 111. 60603
Illinois
Missouri
Nebraska
Indiana
North Dakota
Iowa
South Dakota
Kansas
Wisconsin
Minnesota

SO U T H E R N R EG IO N
B runswick A. B aodoN:
1371 Feachtree Street N É .
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Alabama
North Carolina
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Flòrida
South Carolina
Geòrgia
Tennessee
Louisiana
Texas
M ississippi Virginia

W E ST E R N R EG IO N
MAx D. K ossoris
630 Sansome Street
San Francisco, Calif. 94111
Alaska
Nevada
Arizona
New Mexico
California
Oregon
Colorado
Utah
Hawaii
Washington
Idaho
Wyoming
Montana

The Monthly Labor Review is for sale by the regional offices listed above and by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402. Subscription price per year—$7.50 domestic; $9.00 foreign. Price 75 cents a copy.
The distribution of subscription copy is handled by the Superintendent of Documents.
should be addressed to the editor-in-chief.

Communications on editorial matters

Dae o f fund» for prin tin g th is pu blication approved 6y th e D irector o f th e Bureau o f th e B udget (.October 31, 1963).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Monthly Labor Review
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR »BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
L a w r en c e R. K l e in , Editor-in-Chief
M ary S. B e d e l l , Executive Editor

CONTENTS

Special Articles
1135
1139
1145

BLS Occupational Projections: An Appraisal
Coal and Steel Community Policies for Averting Unemployment
Special Labor Force Report: Job Tenure of American Workers, January 1963

Summaries of Studies and Reports
1153
1157
1162
1166
1170
1184
1187

Earnings in Bituminous Coal Mines, November 1962
Earnings of Communications Workers in 1962
Digest of 1961 State Reports on Vocational Education
Report of President’s Commission on the Status of Women
Wage Chronology: General Motors Corp.—Supplement No. 5—1961-63
Wage Chronology: Commonwealth Edison Co. of Chicago—Supplement
No. 2-1962-63
The 1963 Railroad Arbitration Act

Technical Note
1189
1194

Intercity Differences in Family Food Budget Costs
Revision of Establishment Employment Statistics, 1963

Departments
it i

1196
1199
1201
1209
1219


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The Labor Month in Review
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics

October 1963 • Voi. 86 • No. 10

APPLIANCE OUTPUT AND PRICES
In recent years, price
with, the output of the industry-!, JJ jgg
¡»OEX I»5r-i#5>«i00

See “Price Trends and the Postwar Market for Appliances"
in the November Monthly Labor Review

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The Labor Month
in Review
R ecent assessments of the effect of technological
change on the economy do not diminish the con­
troversy which has surrounded this subject since
automation became a household word. Not only is
it difficult to separate the effects of technological
change from a lot of other variables that help to
determine the level of employment and unemploy­
ment and changes in the structure of the labor
force, but competent analysts differ in the con­
clusions they derive when using the same data on
productivity.
Obviously, changes in capital investment, the
scale of operation of a business, the phase of the
business cycle, the level of management and
worker skills, industrial relations, and the supply
of raw materials may also result in changes in
output per man-hour. In addition, some types
of technological change—such as the development
of a new product—may not be directly reflected
in a productivity index.
Despite these obstacles to measuring the effect
of technological change precisely, changes in out­
put per man-hour have become a commonly
accepted indicator of the rate of technological
change. Therefore, relationships between current
and less recent trends in productivity, and between
changes in productivity and changes in output,
should be useful tools for policymaking by govern­
ment, business, and labor.
P roductivity ( output per m an -hour ) in the
private economy increased about 4 percent in
1962—a relatively large increase. To add some
perspective to this figure, productivity and man­
power specialists in the Bureau of Labor Statistics
evaluated recent data in their fields for the Sub­
committee on Employment and Manpower of the
U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Wel­
fare. The following discussion is based upon their
testimony.
Since wide annual fluctuations in productivity
make it difficult to determine what period of time
is best for measuring trends, averages for varying


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

periods, computed from man-hour information
from establishment surveys made by the BLS, are
used.
From 1909 to 1947, output per man-hour of the
private economy rose 2 percent a year. For the
entire longrun period 1909-62, which of course
reflects the influence of the postwar years, the
average rate was 2.4 percent. Thus, productivity
for the postwar period as a whole and for the last
5 years has increased at a more rapid rate than
over the long run. The longrun rate is also in­
fluenced by the decline in productivity which oc­
curred in the early years of the depression, but
it is difficult to find any long, sustained period
with an average productivity gain as high as that
of the 3 percent for the postwar period. In the
decade 1919-29, when performance was relatively
good, the average rate was about 2.9 percent.
It has been generally established that over short
periods of time, productivity changes are closely
related to changes in output, i.e., during expansion,
when output goes up rapidly, productivity tends
to increase rapidly, while it declines or shows a
smaller increase during a downturn. If the rise
in output per man-hour is not accompanied by an
equivalent increase in output, employment will
decline.
For the postwar period as a whole, and for the
last 5 years, output went up more than produc­
tivity, but not by very much. For example, be­
tween 1957-62, private output went up 3.3 percent
a year, while productivity rose 3.0 annually. Em­
ployment rose 0.7 percent a year in those 5 years.
V arying movements of output and productivity
within the private economy reveal specific indica­
tions of the effect of technological change. In
manufacturing, during the first 10 postwar years,
1947-57, total output went up substantially more
than productivity—4.3 versus 3.4 percent—so there
was a margin for expansion in employment. How­
ever, since 1957, the average increase in output
barely exceeded the average gain in productivity—
3.6 versus 3.4 percent. Using output per man­
hour for production workers only—which in­
creased 3.6 percent per annum between 1947-57
and 4.1 percent for the last 5 years—for com­
parison, the implications are even more serious.
There have been, of course, other times of high
output per man-hour of factory production workin

IV

ers. In the decade 1919-29, the annual rate was
5.3 percent. However, total output increased at
the same rate during that period, so there was no
decline in total hours of production-worker em­
ployment. The current experience of high rates
of productivity increases in manufacturing in the
face of smaller gains in output, with its implica­
tion of relatively greater consequences of techno­
logical change or other labor saving factors, brings
on the problem of job opportunities for blue-collar
workers.
I n contrast to manufacturing , productivity
growth in nonmanufacturing as a whole has been
relatively stable in the postwar years. (The av­
erage annual increase for the last 5 years was 2.4
percent; for the postwar period it was 2.3 per­
cent.) There has been a change in the outputproductivity relationship, however, which points
to a declining margin of employment opportunity.
Output has generally gone up more than produc­
tivity throughout the postwar years, but it has
not gone up as fast in the last 5 years as it did
earlier.
Agricultural output per man-hour improved less
than 1 percent a year betwen 1909 and the mid1930’s, then picked up speed and since 1947 has an
average of 5.8 percent a year. Because of large
annual fluctuations, changes in trend are not easily
discernible. Growth in this sector does seem to
have slowed in the later part of the postwar period.
For the last 5 years, the average has been 4.7 per­
cent.
in the long run there has been a close
relationship between productivity and growth of
output and employment, in short time periods the
process of productivity growth is often accom­
panied by sharp dislocation of workers and in­
dustries. When there are plenty of employment
opportunities, shifts may be easy, but if output
is not increasing fast enough, if workers lack nec­
essary education or skills, if there is race or sex
discrimination, or if there are impediments to
mobility, unemployment may rise.
To gain insight into the numbers and character­
istics of workers who will be available to meet the
changing demands of the economy suggested by
the trends just discussed, projections of the labor

A lthough


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

force are made, which attempt to reflect how peo­
ple would behave under conditions of ample de­
mand for labor, or full employment.
The labor force is expected to grow faster in
the 1960’s than in the 1950’s—from 73.1 million
in 1960 to 85.7 in 1970, or by 12.6 million, com­
pared with 8.3 million in the 1950’s. As it grows,
the labor force will change in composition, with
an increased proportion of young workers, older
workers, and women, and with very little increase
among men in the 25 to 44 age group. The greater
number of women will be matched by a greater
relative demand in occupations in which they are
typically employed. The change in age composi­
tion will, however, require industry to use many
more young workers relative to those in the prime
w o rk in g age g ro u p than is done now.
The implications of the changes in age composi­
tion of the labor force between 1960 and 1975 can
be illustrated by the craftsmen occupations. Al­
most 70 percent of this group were 35 years of
age or over in 1960; in 1975, there may have to be
a great many more craft workers 25 to 34 and even
20 to 24 to fill the expected demand for these skills.
S ince young workers are expected to provide
almost half the additional labor supply in the
present decade, the amount and quality of their
education and training will be particularly im­
portant to them and to the nation. Occupational
trends point to a shrinkage in the proportion of
jobs requiring less skill and training. Moreover,
the education requirements for many jobs have
been rising because of technological changes which
have raised the job content.
F ortunately, as the increasing proportion of
youth who complete high school and college enter
the labor market, and the older workers with less
schooling leave, the educational level of the labor
force will rise. For example, no increase in the
number of workers 25 years old and over with
less than 4 years of high school is expected be­
tween now and 1975, despite a 20-percent rise in
the size of the labor force. The proportion of
mature workers with at least a high school educa­
tion will increase from about half in 1960 to over
60 percent in 1975; the proportion with a college
degree, from 12 percent to 14 percent.

BLS Occupational
Trend Projections:
An Appraisal
H a r o l d G o l d s t e in *

E ditor’s N ote.— The jollovoing article is an ex­

cerpt, with minor editorial modifications, from
an address delivered before the Interstate Con­
ference on Labor Statistics at San Francisco,
Calif., June 27, 1963.
A utomation and other technological changes have

affected the jobs of many workers, and created
fears of job loss for others, whose attempts to as­
sure their job security have been a major factor
in recent collective bargaining situations. A
rapidly moving economy needs an “early warning
system” designed to forecast the effect of techno­
logical or other economic changes upon employ­
ment. It should be a complete system of evalua­
tion of changing employment opportunities—of
growth and decline in different fields—designed to
provide information that would help industry,
government, and individuals to adjust to the
changing demands of the job market.
The Department of Labor has had such an early
warning system for two decades: the occupa­
tional outlook research program of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. The program stemmed from the
1938 recommendation of a Presidential Advisory
Committee on Education that an occupational out­
look service be set up in the Bureau to make
studies of employment trends and provide infor­
mation for the use of individuals in choosing a
career, and for the use of those responsible for the
planning of education and training programs.
In requesting the first appropriation to get the
service started, the Secretary of Labor and the
Commissioner of Labor Statistics warned the Con­
gress that projections of this type were difficult,
and that basic studies would have to be made and
experiments conducted for some years before any


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

projections could be published. In fact, it was 5
years before the first publication was issued, in
1945.1 Four years later, in 1949, the results of all
the work done up to that time, much of it with the
support of the Veterans Administration, were
summarized in the first edition of the Occupational
Outlook Handbook 2 which described future em­
ployment opportunities in more than 200 occupa­
tions. A second edition, in 1951, was somewhat
larger. Beginning in 1957, with additional sup­
port from Congress, the volume was issued every
2 years. In the sixth edition, to be issued this
fall, over 600 occupations will be covered.
The recently published data from the 1960 cen­
sus of population by employment status and oc­
cupation enable us, for the first time, to evaluate
the accuracy of the projections made in 1949
against the background of the actual employ­
ment changes which took place between 1950 and
1960.
There are some technical problems in evaluating
this experience. One of them is that the longrange outlook statements in the 191$ Handbook
were written for the guidance of the individual
in making an occupational choice. They were
often expressed in terms of future employment
opportunities, which reflect not only the growth or
decline in demand in an occupation, but also ex­
pectations as to supply (a matter of some moment
at that time because of the very large numbers of
students in training for some occupations under
the postwar veterans educational program) and
replacement needs (which in many occupations
open more jobs than net growth). Moreover, the
projections were not expressed in quantitative but
in rather general verbal terms which were not only
imprecise but also reflected the normal idiosyn­
cratic differences among writers and, in some cases,
caution which is to be expected when a government
agency publishes long-range projections about in­
dividual industries or occupations.
The evaluation is also complicated by imper­
fections in the data available to measure actual
changes that have taken place since the forecasts
were made. For many occupations, no data were
‘Assistant Commissioner for Manpower and Employment Statistics,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U .S. Department of Labor.

1
Employment Opportunities for Diesel-Engine Mechanics, BLS
Bulletin 813 (1945) ; see Monthly Labor Review, February 1945,
pp. 276-285.
2BLS Bulletin 940 (11949).

1135

1136
available at all. Many of the reported occupations
were not completely comparable as between the
1950 and the 1960 censuses, because of shifts in
popular terminology and differences in the way in
which the census data were collected.
Before reporting on the results of this evalua­
tion, it would be worthwhile to review briefly the
character of the period for which these projections
were made. I t was a difficult period from the
point of view of assessing the long-range outlook.
During this time occurred major unforeseen, and
possibly unforeseeable, events, including the war
in Korea, the subsequent cold war and step-up of
the size of the military establishment and of de­
fense production, followed by the missile race and
then the space race with their accent on science
and technology.
The vantage point from which any projection is
made is the present and the recent past. At the
time these projections were made, 1948, we had
gone through a decade of severe depression from
which we had been pulled out in large part by a
war. I t was not easy for the general public, and
indeed for many economists, to assume a rapid
long-term growth of the economy.
This conservatism about the rate of future eco­
nomic growth is illustrated in the Census Bureau’s
long-term projections of the population, which
provided a framework for all long-term projec­
tions at that period. They had been published a
few years before the 1949 edition of the Handbook
was written. The medium projection of the popu­
lation increase for the 1950’s (a “high” and a
“low” projection were also made) was at the rate
of less than 1 percent a year to a total of just over
150 million by 1960. Moreover, the total popula­
tion was expected to peak at 170 million around
1988, and then gradually to decline.
As we all know, by 1960 the population reached
not 150 million, but 180 million, and is now pro­
jected by the Bureau of the Census at 210 million,
more or less, in 1970. Thus, the population basis
for projections in the late 1940’s not only under­
stated the total size of the American consumer
market, but also the numbers of children for whom
medical services, educational services, and many
consumer products would have to be provided.
The general economic assumptions underlying the
studies for the 191$ Occupational Outlook Hand­
book made inadequate allowance for these factors,

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

as well as for the high level of defense production
and scientific and technical employment that was
occasioned by the missile and space competition.
Against this background, how well did an early
warning system function in putting us on notice
of declines in employment ? In general, with the
population and labor force growing, the safest as­
sumption in the long run for projections is that
every occupation will grow. I t takes some bold­
ness to identify industries or occupations which
will decline in the face of a general expansion in
the economy. I t is most likely, therefore, that
forecasters’ conservatism would operate most
strongly against predicting declines. How did it
work in fact ?
I t is possible to identify in the 1950 and 1960
censuses some 24 occupations in which a decline
took place (excluding very small declines which
may have resulted from the large number of per­
sons classified in the 1960 census as “occupation
not reported”). Out of these 24 occupations, the
1949 Handbook had indicated an actual decline in
nearly half, and a failure to grow in almost all the
others. I t indicated slow growth in one, and an
average growth in one occupation. Thus, in the
face of general presumption of economic growth,
the Handbook clearly indicated a decline or failure
to grow in 22 out of 24 occupations that in fact sub­
sequently declined. Among the declines foreseen
were some in the principal railway occupations,
some in the metal trades (such as foundry and
forge shop occupations and boilermaker), a few in
building trades (such as paperhanger and painter)
even though total construction was expected to
increase, and one skilled printing trade—book­
binder—against a rising trend expected in other
printing trades. Thus the first Handbook,
representing the earliest research and the least
experience, did a fair job in warning of declining
occupations. Anticipation of the effects of tech­
nological changes was a major factor in those
evaluations; in the case of the railroads, com­
petition of other forms of transportation was also
a factor considered.
Looking at the problem of evaluating the pro­
jections in the Handbook in broader terms—as a
forecast of both increases and declines—we can
compare the 1949 projections with subsequent ex­
perience for 108 occupations for which employ­
ment statistics are available. In setting up this

OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS

test, we should set standards more rigid than a
simple forecast of the direction of change, since
in a growing economy a forecast that every occu­
pation will increase will be correct in a majority
of cases. We have already seen that declines were
anticipated with considerable success. To make
the test more rigid with respect to the increases,
we should check whether not only the direction
but also the approximate magnitude of the change
was anticipated. The statements in the Handbook
about the outlook may be classified into five cate­
gories in relation to the average growth in employ­
ment which was expected to take place: No growth
or decline, slow growth, average growth, aboveaverage growth, and rapid growth. In evaluating
the actual data reported in the 1950 and 1960 cen­
suses or other sources of information on employ­
ment changes in occupations, average growth was
taken to mean an increase of between 15 and 25
percent from 1950 to 1960 (since a decline in farm
employment contributed to the overall employ­
ment growth rate of about 15 percent, and all of
the occupations evaluated were nonfarm occupa­
tions). Rapid growth was taken to mean in­
creases of 40 percent or more. Thus, the projec­
tions will be evaluated in terms of how well they
anticipated the relative growth rate in each occu­
pation.
When the 108 occupations are classified accord­
ing to the predicted and actual rates of growth,
we find that in 57 cases the actual rate of growth
was in the same broad classification as the pro­
jected rate. In 18 cases the forecast was close—
in the adjoining category. Thus, in 75 of the 108
cases, the forecast was reasonably accurate.
In 24 cases, the actual employment change was
substantially different from the forecast, although
still in the right direction (e.g., when aboveaverage growth was forecast, the actual growth
was slow; or when average growth was forecast,
the actual growth was rapid).
Only in nine cases did the actual employment
change go in opposite direction from the fore­
cast—in two cases the occupation declined or
failed to grow when growth was predicted, in
seven cases the occupation increased when no
growth or a decline was predicted.
In summary, 75 out of 108 predictions were rea­
sonably accurate, and only 9 in the wrong direction.
But what can we learn from the failures? The


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1137
occupations increasing more than predicted were
four times more numerous than those growing less
than predicted—41 as compared to 10. When ex­
amined, they turned out to be preponderantly pro­
fessional, clerical, and service occupations, whose
growth in the 1950’s—especially the professional
and clerical fields—was very rapid. Only one of
the professional occupations—pharmacists—grew
somewhat more slowly than predicted, increasing
slowly when it was expected to have an average
increase. Among the blue-collar occupations, the
number growing faster than predicted was about
double the number growing more slowly—20 as
compared to 9. Thus, there was a downward bias
in the projections, especially in the case of the pro­
fessional, clerical, and service occupations. Ap­
parently, the structural shifts in the economy—
especially the rapid development of white-collar
occupations and service-producing industries—
were not fully anticipated. The failure to project
population growth accurately was reflected in an
understatement of the demand for teachers and
some of the personal service occupations, and the
failure to anticipate the missile and space boom
resulted in an understatement of the growth of
engineers.
When the projections are examined by industry
rather than by occupation against the subsequent
course of events in industry growth, as measured
by the Bureau’s employment statistics for the pe­
riod 1948-62, a similar degree of accuracy is seen.
In the 1949 Handbook, longrun projections were
given for 14 industries. In three of them, declines
were indicated; in three others, no substantial
changes in employment were expected; in eight,
increases were foreseen. Of these 14 projections,
10 were borne out by events in the following 13
years. All three declines were forecast accu­
rately—in railroads, foundries, and jewelry man­
ufacturing. In the fur manufacturing industry,
the projection was a cautious “no increases in em­
ployment are expected” ; actually, employment
declined by 16 percent. The watch and clock man­
ufacturing industry was projected to have a longrun trend slowly upward; instead, a 30-percent de­
cline took place. In this case, the projection re­
flected failure to take adequate account of import
competition. The construction industry, booming
in 1948, was projected to remain “at a high level
for some time to come,” a statement so cautious

1138
that it fell short of foreshadowing the increase of
more than 25 percent in construction employment
that took place. A similar statement and similar
error appeared in the projection for newspaper
printing and publishing.
The following conclusions may be drawn from
the preliminary evaluation of this economic expe­
rience in long-range projection: (1) This first at­
tempt in the 1949 Handbook was particularly
successful in identifying declining industries and
occupations; (2) it was successful in about 3 out
of 4 cases in projecting the direction and relative
magnitude of all changes in employment by occu­
pation, and by industry, both increases and de­
creases (and thus, both in pointing to growing
fields as well as in warning about declining ones,
made a contribution to the allocation of manpower
in line with changing employment opportunity) ;
(3) on the whole, there was a generally conserva­
tive bias in this first effort, reflecting the vantage
point from which the projections were made (the
depression of the 1930’s and the low population
growth rates projected at the time), and reflecting
also inability to foresee the cold war and missile
race; and (4) there appears to have been a tend­
ency toward caution, which is to be expected
when a government agency issues projections—
caution in anticipating extreme changes, caution
in anticipating changes in direction from past
trends, and caution in pointing to declining em­
ployment when the evidence is less than over­
whelming.
With this fairly good record chalked up in a
first attempt, we can hope for even better perform­
ance now and in the future. There are a number
of factors which encourage hope:
1.
In the past 15 years, a great deal of experience
has accumulated, not only in the BLS staff work­
ing in this area, but among economists generally.
We now can go over this experience, dissecting it
and learning where and why we were wrong and
what kinds of analyses gave good answers. More­
over, we now develop a systematic projection of
the entire economy, built on projections of the


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

labor force and population. This will tend to pre­
vent a general bias in the projections by forcing
us to arrive at a total consistent with the economic
projection by summing up the projections of in­
dividual occupations and industries.
2. We now have behind us a 10-year post-Korea
period in which there has been no war or major
depression, and this serves as a takeoff point for
the projection of economic relationships which is
much better than was available in the late 1940’s
after more than a decade of economic disloca­
tions caused by a severe depression and a war.
3. Much new statistical data have become avail­
able to illuminate key areas of economic behav­
ior—consumer expenditure patterns, research
expenditures, interindustry flow of goods and serv­
ices, to name a few. Along with the new data are
improved techniques for analysis, being applied in
a cooperative interagency study of economic
growth.
4. We now have somewhat better data on em­
ployment by occupation within each industry and
for the country as a whole in intercensal periods.
This is made possible by an occupational-indus­
try matrix, which enables us to make the impli­
cations of industry change for occupational change
more explicit. Furthermore, the proposed devel­
opment of a system of current employment statis­
tics by occupation (for which a planning study
is beginning this year) will make possible the
analysis of changing employment levels of each
occupation in each industry in relation to the in­
dustry’s total employment and output. These
data are now available annually for scientific and
technical personnel, and will be extended to all
major occupations in a new program initiated by
the Bureau following a recommendation of the
President’s Committee to Appraise Employment
and Unemployment Statistics.
Thus, there is reason to conclude that a workable
early warning system of the effect of economic and
technological change on employment in each occu­
pation and industry is in operation, and to expect
that it will be steadily improved.

Coal and Steel Community
Policies for
Averting Unemployment

This article is adapted from tes­
timony by Kurt Braun, of the Division of
Foreign Labor Conditions, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, before the Subcommittee on Em­
ployment and Manpower of the Senate Com­
mittee on Labor and Public Welfare, on June
$1,1963.

E d ito r ’s N o te .—

A lo ng w i t h its general economic development
policy, the European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC) 1 is pursuing a policy of “réadaptation
and redevelopment” designed to help protect work­
ers against unemployment and to redevelop de­
pressed areas. Recognizing that technological
progress in a wider economic area would necessi­
tate regrouping and rationalization, and hence the
closing of some enterprises, the authors of the
Community’s basic Treaty authorized its execu­
tive and lawmaking body—the High Authority 2—
to finance, by a levy on coal and steel production
within the Community, réadaptation assistance to
affected workers and to encourage mobility. Re­
garding European labor and capital as “not
sufficiently mobile for readjustment to take place
automatically,” the ECSC also, through the High
Authority, advances funds for industrial re­
development in regions where there is little or no
other industry that could absorb mining and steel
workers who would lose their jobs through the
closing of enterprises. Thereby, the Community
seeks to make new jobs available to workers, either
immediately after displacement or after re­
training.

Réadaptation
The purpose of réadaptation is the reconciling
of two imperatives—economic progress and full
employment. At first intended primarily to ease
the consequences of increased competition in the
common market during its initial stage, it now
706-442—63------2

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

serves also to cushion the burden of structural
and technological change which labor must bear.
In the ECSC, réadaptation includes: (1) Pay­
ment of a waiting allowance to workers between
jobs; (2) payment of a differential allowance to
make up a wage differential between the new and
the former job ; (3) payment of moving and trans­
fer costs; and (4) free training for a new job.
Development of Réadaptation Assistance. Believ­
ing in the beginning that réadaptation aid would
be needed only in the introductory phases of the
common market for coal and steel, the founders of
the Community included transitional provisions
concerning this type of aid in a separate Conven­
tion annexed to the main Treaty. Section 23 of
this Convention required the High Authority to
assist, during the transitional period (ending in
February 1958), in efforts to give workers protec­
tion from the burden of réadaptation and the
opportunity to continue productive employment if
their employer ceased or changed his activities.
The High Authority also was authorized to grant
nonrepayable aid to certain enterprises. The na­
tional governments concerned had to match the
1 The ECSC was formed in 1951 and began to operate on Feb­
ruary 10, 1953. It is composed of the same six countries that
later formed the European Economic Community (EEC) : Bel­
gium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxem­
bourg, and The Netherlands. Preceding the formation of EEC
(popularly known as the European Common Market) and the
European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the ECSC
may be considered as the pilot project among the various pro­
grams for European economic unification.
The ECSC has the mission to contribute to the expansion of
the economy, the development of employment, and the improve­
ment of the standard of living in the participating countries
through the creation of a common market in harmony with the
general economy of the member states. “The Community must
progressively establish conditions which will in themselves assure
the most rational distribution of production at the highest pos­
sible level of productivity, while safeguarding the continuity of
employment and avoiding the creation of fundamental and per­
sistent disturbances of the economies of the member states.”
PThe High Authority is composed of nine members; eight are
appointed by the governments of the member countries in agree­
ment among themselves; the ninth is elected by the governmentappointed members. All the members shall exercise their
functions exclusively in the general interest of the Community,
and the member states are obligated to refrain from any attempt
to influence them in the performance of their duties.
The High Authority is assisted by a Consultative Committee
including an equal number of representatives of organizations of
manufacturers, workers, consumers, and dealers. It may consult
the committee on any matter; it must do so in a number of cases
spelled out in the Treaty. The members of the Consultative Com­
mittee are appointed by the Council of Ministers, which consists
of one cabinet member from each of the six member states and
which has the duty to harmonize the activities of the High Au­
thority and those of the member governments in carrying out
their basic economic policies.

1139

1140
outlays of the High Authority ; but this rule was
applied in a flexible manner.
When it became clear after the end of the tran­
sitional period that réadaptation aid would con­
tinue to be needed, article 56 of the Treaty, which
contained réadaptation provisions considerably
less liberal than the Convention, was amended (in
January 1960) to avoid curtailment of réadapta­
tion assistance and to make this type of assistance
a permanent feature of the ECSC manpower pol­
icy. The new article 56 provides for measures
designed to deal with (1) exceptionally large de­
clines in labor requirements due to technological
changes, which make it especially difficult in one
or more areas to reemploy displaced workers and
(2) permanent suspension, curtailment, or change
of activities resulting from profound changes in
the marketing conditions for coal or iron and steel
not connected with the introduction of the com­
mon market.
In the former case, the High Authority shall,
at the request of the government concerned and
after consulting the Consultative Committee, make
nonrepayable grants for use as a contribution to
waiting allowances to support workers pending
reemployment or to facilitate their resettlement,
or as a subsidy to the costs of retraining workers
forced to change their type of employment. In
addition, the High Authority may grant or guar­
antee loans to mining and steel enterprises for
programs to create new and economically sound
job opportunities for surplus labor. With the con­
sent of the Council of Ministers, this type of aid
may be given also to industries not under the juris­
diction of the ECSC.
All of these forms of assistance may also be
given in the case of cessation, curtailment, or
change of activities resulting from changes in the
marketing conditions. In addition, the High Au­
thority may facilitate the financing of approved
programs for the conversion of enterprises and
give nonrepayable aid to the enterprises for con­
tinuing wage and salary payments during tem­
porary layoffs necessitated by changes in their
activities.
Extent of Assistance Measures. The waiting al­
lowance may be paid for as long as 2 years if
employment does not become available sooner.
Paid on a tapering scale, it may amount to 90-100


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. OCTOBER 1963

percent of the former wage for the first 4 months
and decreases gradually thereafter, frequently to
60 percent by the end of the period. Moreover, if
the new job yields a wage lower than the old one,
the loss may be made up completely or in part for
a period likewise not exceeding 2 years. Workers
receiving a waiting allowance are also eligible for
retraining.
Resettlement or transfer allowances include
lump-sum payments to help the worker defray
travel and moving expenses for himself and his
family and other expenditures connected with the
transfer to a job at another location. The amount
of such payments depends upon the cost involved,
which differs in the various regions of the Com­
munity. Thus, in 1956, a transfer allowance for
a married steelworker in Italy totaled $320, where­
as miners of a comparable status in the French
Centre-Midi received $560.
Although ad hoc retraining measures designed
to cope with specific situations are taken when and
where this is considered expedient, training for a
new job is usually performed within the voca­
tional training systems of the member countries.
Since these systems are by no means uniform, the
European Economic Community has outlined a
common policy on vocational training in industry.
The EEC Council of Ministers recently adopted
proposals for the implementation of these outlines
submitted by the EEC Commission and the Euro­
pean Parliament.3 The new measures are de­
signed to help reduce the shortage of skilled labor
which acted as a brake on the EEC’s economic
expansion in 1961 and 1962. At the session at
which the new policy was adopted, the chairman
of the Social Affairs Committee of the Common
Market Commission stated that “imbalances and
tensions in the labor market are due in large meas­
ure to lack of adequate vocational training (in the
Community more than 600,000 advertised jobs
8
When the EEC and EURATOM were added to the ECSC In
1958, the governments of the six countries involved agreed that
the three communities should have a common assembly, called
the European Parliament. The 142 members of this Parliament
are at present elected by and from the legislatures of the member
countries. (The treaties of the various communities envisage
election by direct universal suffrage in the future.): They are
seated in three political groups (Christian Democrats,, Socialists,
and Liberals), irrespective of nationality.
The EEC Commission, composed of nine members appointed by
the six governments but acting independently of national govern­
ments or sectional interests, is answerable exclusively to the
European Parliament.

EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL UNEMPLOYMENT POLICIES

have remained vacant) . . . and regional develop­
ment policy is often hampered by shortages of
skilled labor.” 4 He declared that the new policy
will make it possible “to initiate programs which
take account of the various countries’ needs and
meet them by joint actions.”
The first measures taken to put the new scheme
in practice were the introduction of (1) forecast­
ing of the numbers, types, and grades of manpower
needed in the Community’s job markets and (2)
constant guidance to young people and adults in
the light of their capabilities and of the existing
openings. The EEC Commission can propose to
the Council of Ministers or to the member govern­
ments any measures necessary to achieve the voca­
tional aims; these may be financed jointly by the
members and the Community. Special rapid
training courses are envisaged to achieve short­
term balance between the demand for and the sup­
ply of skilled labor. These courses will be carried
through in conj miction with forecasts indicating
the Community’s most urgent manpower needs.
An agreement between the High Authority and
the German Federal Government on réadaptation
assistance to workers at German coal mines pre­
paring to close by April 30, 1963, which was
greeted with approval by the workers’ organiza­
tions concerned, may be mentioned as a rather
typical example of a réadaptation plan. I t en­
titled displaced mineworkers finding themselves
either unemployed or undergoing occupational
retraining to a waiting allowance equivalent to 50
percent of their previous gross wage and to addi­
tional payments according to number of depend­
ents. Moreover, the High Authority agreed to
assume part of the cost of occupational retraining,
Discharged mineworkers taking up employment
in another industry were given the right to a dif­
ferential allowance equivalent to the difference be­
tween 60 percent of their previous gross wage and
their new net wage and, likewise, to additional
payments according to number of dependents.
The differential allowance is 65 percent for work­
ers who find new employment within the coal min­
ing industry, but suffer a loss in earnings because
they are placed in a lower wage group or are paid
day rates instead of piece rates. Workers who
* Bulletin from the European Community, May 1962, p. 18.
0
Ten Years of the Coal-Steel Common Market (Brussels,
Spokesman of the ECSC’s High Authority and European Com­
munity Information Service, undated).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1141

are eligible for a pension under the social insurance
law for the mining industry (a disability pension
for 50 percent or more disablement or, for those
age 50 or over, a regular miner’s pension or a
pension from the miners’ provident fund) and
who leave by arrangement with management are
entitled to payment of a lump sum of DM 3,000
(about US$750). The German Government and
the High Authority may refund 50 percent of a
special allowance which a mine may pay to such
workers.
To obtain any nonrepayable assistance, the inter­
ested country must still at least match the contri­
bution by the High Authority. However, article
56 now explicitly admits exceptions from this rule
if they are authorized by a two-thirds majority of
the Council of Ministers.
In several instances, exceptions have been
granted from this rule on sharing the cost of ré­
adaptation plans. Italy, for example, obtained a
waiver for allowance payments and, with the
approval of the High Authority, made a corre­
sponding amount of low interest capital available
for investment in new industry in depressed coal
and steel areas. Thus, the High Authority ac­
cepted sole responsibility for the payment of wait­
ing, retraining, and related allowances.
Likewise administered flexibly is the general
rule that réadaptation payments supersede na­
tional unemployment compensation, for which
participants in a réadaptation plan are not neces­
sarily eligible. Some unemployed Belgian miners,
for example, received, during the coal crisis, a
special allowance, granted by the ECSC in addi­
tion to resettlement aid, of 20 percent of daily
wages to supplement the regular unemployment
benefits payable under the Belgian social security
provisions.
During the first 10 years of the ECSC’s opera­
tion, the High Authority has approved réadapta­
tion plans for over 156,000 workers, including
129,000 miners.5 Its own contributions to these
plans totaled more than $53 million and the gov­
ernments of six member countries, among them,
contributed an approximately equal amount.
These sums were used to continue wages of work­
ers looking for a job, to provide free retraining,
to preserve (for not more than 2 years) wage levels
of workers who accepted lower paying jobs, to
refund travel and moving expenses incurred by

1142

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

R e a d a p t a t io n w it h H ig h A u t h o r it y P a r t ic ip a t io n
u n d e r A r t ic l e 56,2, 1 9 6 0 -J a n . 31, 1963
Country

Total

Coal
mining

Iron-ore
mines

Iron and
steel

Number of workers
Total.......... .........
Germany (Federal Republic)___
Belgium________
France............................

42,156

33, 789

4,534

3,833

23,067
12,145
6,944

17,324
12,010
4,455

3,687

2,056
135
1,642

847

Amount contributed by High Authority
(thousands of dollars)
Total......................
Germany (Federal Republic)___
Belgium_____________
France________

$11,170

$9,313

$1, 028

$829

$5,030
2,448
3,692

$4,105
2,363
2,845

$666

$259
85
485

362

Source: Summary of the Eleventh General Report on the Activities of the
European Coal and Steel Community, March 14, 1963, p. 52.

workers changing the place of residence to take
new jobs, or, in some countries, to pay lump sums
to discharged workers.
Eeadaptation is, at present, being undertaken on
a considerable scale because of the speedup of
reconstruction operations in the coal mining indus­
try and the structural changes now going on in
the steel market. (See accompanying table.)
The High Authority recently accepted a large
number of applications for assistance to workers
in the coal and iron-ore mines and, for the first
time, the iron and steel industry. Because of
varying local conditions, it also introduced changes
and procedural improvements regarding certain
types of assistance in order to make them more
effective in safeguarding the standard of living of
the workers concerned.
Mobility-Stimulating Measures. A major diffi­
culty encountered in réadaptation programs has
been the traditional immobility of European work­
ers. Although geographic as well as occupational
mobility have increased considerably in recent
years, the authorities in charge of various man­
power programs have found that the European
worker’s attachment to his home area still is often
so strong that he is unwilling to move, even to a
nearby province. This, according to the report
on the first 10 years of the ECSC, was demon­
strated again not long ago, when workers of the
Cevennes mines in southern France staged an or­
derly but determined stay-down strike while the
northern mines were trying vainly to recruit the
miners, whom they needed urgently.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

There have been many other instances in which
factors such as community attachment, seniority
differences, temporary housing difficulties, and
differences in language and even dialect have
worked against resettlement. Experiences of this
kind have contributed in no small measure to the
ECSC’s emphasis on the stimulation of labor mo­
bility and the encouragement, as far as possible,
of local redevelopment.
Financial support for free retraining, mentioned
earlier, has been the chief method of encouraging
occupational mobility of skilled and unskilled
workers. The various types of resettlement aid
are designed to promote geographic mobility. In
addition, article 69 of the Treaty binds member
countries to renounce any restrictions based on
nationality on employing nationals of any mem­
ber who have the “recognized qualifications” for
positions in the coal and steel industries. (Supple­
mentary agreements list numerous categories of
skilled workers as meeting the qualifications.)
The article also requires member countries to
prohibit any discrimination in payment and work­
ing conditions as between domestic and foreign
workers and to insure that differences in social
security measures do not impede the movement of
labor.
To implement the former provisions, the govern­
ments of the six member countries in 1957 con­
cluded an agreement for the issuance of labor
cards entitling miners and steelworkers possess­
ing specified skills to work in any ESCS country
without being subject to normal immigration and
employment restrictions on foreign workers. Such
miners and steelworkers may accept employment
offered to them directly by an employer or
through a regional employment service as a result
of a matching of offers of and requests for employ­
ment, but they may not shop around for a job in a
foreign country. From the institution of this sys­
tem on September 1, 1957, to September 30,1962,
1,695 cards were issued, and 423 cardholders ob­
tained employment in Community countries other
than their own.
Likewise in 1957, the six governments signed the
European Convention on Social Security for Mi­
grant Workers, thus implementing the Treaty pro­
vision for the harmonization of national social
security regulations. The Convention established
a number of rules designed to eliminate differences

EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL UNEMPLOYMENT POLICIES

in the reciprocal arrangements which had been set
up in bilateral agreements and to abrogate certain
provisions which were unfavorable to migrant
workers. Any European country which does not
belong to the ECSC but is a member of the Inter­
national Labor Organization may accede to the
Convention subject to the prior consent of all con­
tracting parties.
Redevelopment Program
It has been mentioned that, owing to widespread
labor immobility, the ECSC is as much interested
in moving jobs to workers as in moving workers
to jobs. Operating in close consultation with na­
tional agencies, the High Authority thus advances
funds to be used to create new employment oppor­
tunities in depressed areas. To take care, in par­
ticular, of redundant miners, it has participated
in a number of redevelopment plans in mining
regions.
Such programs have provided 6,000 new jobs.
The High Authority has made an investment loan
to an aluminum plant built in the neighborhood
of the now-closed mine at Champagnac, France.
I t has also provided funds for a project in the
Liege area for preparing, leveling, and removing
slag heaps from a site for new firms which will
provide some 4,000 new jobs. With ECSC assist­
ance, an aluminum-rolling mill employing be­
tween 500 and TOOpeople and a rubber plant, which
is prepared to recruit 3 percent of its personnel
from among redundant miners, are to be built in
the depressed Borinage coalfield in Belgium. A
textile company in Troyes has been granted a loan
to open a mill at St. Eloys-les-Mines, a depressed
mining town in the Puy-de-Eome region of France.
All male employees hired at this mill will be
miners put out of work by production setbacks
in the Auvergne coalfields.
The High Authority considers that it is essential
to avoid any time lag between the closure of a
large enterprise and the creation of new employ­
ment opportunities. Accordingly, it seeks to gear
each step of a redevelopment plan to expected em­
ployment problems and the probable course of the
reorganization, regarding these aspects as more im8 See, for example, Notes on the Readaptation Program (ECSC
Information Service, June 1958).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1143

portant than the actual degree of unemployment
existing at any particular point of time.
Approaching the problem from the investor’s
standpoint, the High Authority has stated that a
time lag between the closure of a mine and the start
of corrective measures would prevent incoming en­
terprises from recruiting until the most productive
workers had either found new local employment
or left the area. In accordance with these prin­
ciples, the Community, for example, helps estab­
lish and equip industrial settlements around mines
before they are actually closed.
Evaluation
As indicated, the ECSC’s High Authority can
act only at the request of the governments of mem­
ber countries, and, thus, cannot insist that any
particular measure be taken ; it can only use per­
suasion, since all initiative and responsibility rests
with the national governments. Accordingly, it
concentrates on getting the problems recognized,
discussing them with all the parties immediately
concerned, and securing the joint implementation
of the arrangements ultimately agreed upon.
Furthermore, the High Authority regards each
operation as a separate entity whose individual
features must be taken into account; hence the
tendency to deal with the social problems involved
in a flexible and comprehensive manner. Fre­
quently, only a combination of réadaptation and
redevelopment operations is considered adequate,
especially in the case of mine closures under the
coal industry’s reorganization program.
Some persons involved in the application of the
ECSC’s manpower policies have considered it a
shortcoming that the initiative and ultimate re­
sponsibility for taking réadaptation and related
measures lie with the member governments.6 They
have asserted that this situation, together with the
fact that the national governments also make the
actual disbursements, has tended to slow down ef­
forts to stimulate employment. Accordingly, it
has been suggested that the procedures be modified
and that the High Authority be empowered to act
on its own motion.
The High Authority’s methods of combating
unemployment have had the support of the people
in the six countries involved, including organized
labor. Most observers agree that the réadaptation

1144
system is playing a particularly vital part in pre­
venting disturbances incident to the reorganization
of the Community’s coal industry and the closing
of mines unable to compete with more economic
producers, both inside and outside the Community.
Moreover, there has apparently been no friction
within labor due to jobless coal and steel workers
receiving benefits which other unemployed per­
sons had to get along without. According to the
High Authority, workers now are beginning to
realize the importance of economic viability in
their area for their own living conditions and their
children’s future, and, thus, are becoming less con­
cerned with the preservation of uneconomic enter­
prises.
In the 10 years since the start of the ECSC’s
operation, unemployment in the covered industries
has decreased. In the declining coal mining indus­
try, where many aid projects have involved mines
which could not be made profitable by new invest­
ment, this decrease has been brought about largely
by réadaptation and redevelopment activities.
Their beneficial effects will probably survive even
if the general economic boom levels off. Fewer
workers should, in that case, lose their jobs, and
the problem of placing the jobless thus should be
less serious than it would otherwise be.
The methods here discussed have been effective
also in the steel industry, where they have been


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

used largely to support and retrain workers during
unemployment due to reconversion or moderniza­
tion of enterprises. But nowhere have they been
put to the test under conditions other than general
scarcity of labor. I t thus cannot be said to what
extent low unemployment and increased labor mo­
bility have been attributable to the joint activities
of the High Authority and the ECSC countries
or to the generally tight labor market. Com­
munity leaders freely acknowledge that prosperity
and the heavy demands on all resources of pro­
duction have prevented any extreme strain on the
réadaptation system.
As to labor mobility, the ECSC Treaty does not
yet guarantee complete freedom of movement
within the Community but limits it to workers
with certain skills who have been offered a job in
a foreign country. Such offers have been forth­
coming only when suitable domestic labor has been
unavailable. The High Authority has character­
ized the labor card system as an “innovation
limited in effect but important as an experiment.”
Furthermore, the international harmonization of
social security provisions is still largely in the dis­
cussion and planning stage.
All things considered, the true test of the effec­
tiveness of the High Authority’s working methods
will not come until the present European boom
has diminished.

Special Labor Force Report
E ditor ’s N ote.— The following article is part oj a series of reports on special

labor force subjects. Other articles in the series have covered such subjects
as employment of high school graduates and dropouts, work experience of
the population, job mobility, and projections of the labor force. Reprints
of all articles in the series, including in most cases additional detailed tables
and explanatory notes, are available upon reguest to the Bureau or to any
of its regional offices (listed on the inside cover of this issue.)

Job Tenure of American
Workers, January 1963
H arvey R . H a m e l *

S ome 6y 2 of the 66 million persons employed dur­

ing January 1963 had held the same job for at least
21 years, in spite of the dislocations of a world war,
the Korean military action, and four business
recessions since 1948. At the other extreme, 16
million persons had worked at the same job 1 year
or less and 17.5 million had held the same job be­
tween 1 and 5 years. For all workers, the average
(median) number of years of continuous associa­
tion with the same employer or business was 4.6
in January 1963, about a third higher than the
3.4 years average tenure noted in a comparable
survey in 1951.1 (See table 1.)
Such variations in tenure, particularly in view of
continuing high unemployment, have generated
much interest in the job stability of the American
*Of the Division of Employment and Labor Force Analysis,
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 “Experience of Workers at Their Current Jobs, January 1951,”
Current Population Reports, Series P-50, No. 36.
2 The data were obtained from answers to a supplementary
question—“When d id _____ start working at his present job (or
business) ?”—to the regular monthly survey of the labor force con­
ducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the
Census in the calendar week ending January 12, 1963.
For wage and salary workers, a “job” was defined as a “con­
tinuous period of employment with a single employer” : for selfemployed workers, as a “continuous period of employment in a
particular type of business in the same locality.”
®“Job Mobility in 1961,” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , August 1963,
table 1, p. 898.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

work force. This study provides information on
job tenure or the length of time that workers had
been continuously employed on the job they held
at the time of a survey in January 1963 2 and
examines the variability of job tenure by age and
sex, color, industry and class of worker, and oc­
cupation. One application of the data is presented
in the final section of this article which discusses
the proportions of workers which can be expected
to continue at their present job through 1973.
Tenure by Age and Sex
Job tenure increases as workers grow older
(table 2). Workers under age 25, who have the
highest rate of job changing, averaged less than
a year or their current job. Many in this age
group were starting their first job or working in­
termittently while at school. As persons grow
older, they are less likely to change jobs.
Median years
on current job

All employed persons_________________
14 to 24 years_____________________________
25 to 44 years_____________________________
45 years and over__________________________

4 .6
.8
4. 2
10. 4

Studies of the rate of job changing during a year
show that older workers (45-64 years old) are
only half as likely to change jobs as persons in the
central age groups (25-44 years).3 This tendency
is reflected in the following tabulation, which
shows that more than 3 out of 4 of the workers who
had been employed at their current job for more
than 15 years were at least 45 years old.
1145

1146

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963
Number

Employed at the same job for more than 16 years

All workers___________________
Under 45 years old__________________
45 years old and over________________

(millions)

12. 4
2. 8
9. 6

Percent

100. 0
22. 6
77. 4

In the central age group (25-44 years old), only
27 percent of the men and 15 percent of the women
had worked more than 10 years for the same em­
ployer but among the older workers the propor­
tions rose to some 58 percent for men and 38
percent for women. (See chart.)
The increase in job tenure with age is greater
for men than for women. Men 25 to 44 years old
had an average duration of 5 years compared with
about 3 for women in the same age group, and
among men and women 45 years old and over, the
average job tenure lengthened to some 13 years
and 7 years, respectively.
Workers on Current Job More Than 10 Years,
by Selected Ages and Sex, January 1963

Percent

Men had been on the same job nearly twice as
long, on the average, as women: 5.7 and 3.0 years,
respectively. More than one-third of the men had
been continuously employed for over 10 years but
only one-fifth of the women. Moreover, twice the
proportion of men as of women had been working
at the same job for more than 15 years. A greater
proportion of women than men had been continu­
ously employed for only 5 years or less. One cause
of greater job stability among men is their ten­
dency to remain in the labor force, while many
women move into and out of the labor force as
their family responsibilities change.
Single women have much the same job tenure
as men in the same age groups and after age 45,
on the average, stay even longer with the same
employer. However, since relatively few women
remain single, the job pattern for those who are
married dominates the overall employment pic­
ture for women, as the following tabulation of
median years on current jobs shows:

Percent

14
25
35
45

All employed personsto 24 years old
__ _______
to 34 years old
______ __
to 44 years old
___
_ _
years old and over _________

Married
women,
husband
present

Single
women

M en

3 .4
.9
1. 9
3. 4
6. 4

1. 8
.8
3. 6
7. 3
14. 2

5. 7
.8
3. 5
7. 6
12. 8

Single women had greater job tenure than mar­
ried women, age for age, except for women under
25, where average duration was about the same for
both groups. The average duration for all mar­
ried women (3.4 years) was, however, much higher
than for single women (1.8 years). This difference
reflects the greater proportion of married women
in age groups with longer job tenure (35 years and
over) and the overwhelming percentage of single
women in the youngest age groups, where job
tenure is very low. Duration of the current job
was much longer for women who usually work full
time than for those who usually work at part-time
jobs, 3.4 versus 2.0 years (table 3).
Tenure by Color
14
Y e a rs
and
o ver

25

45

to

Y e a rs

44

an d

Y e a rs

o ve r

Note: Excludes persons not reporting length of time on cur­
rent job.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

In the years since the start of World War II, the
Negro population, particularly, has undergone
profound social and economic changes. Some
changes, including large-scale migration away
from the rural South, have worked to shorten their
average job tenure. White workers employed in

1147

JOB TENURE OF AMERICAN WORKERS
T a b l e 1.

L e n g t h o f E m pl o y m e n t o f W o r k e r s
C u r r e n t J o b , by S e x , J a n u a r y 1963

on

[Thousands of persons 14 years old and over]

Date current job started

Both
sexes

Male

Female

Total
workers em­
ployed in January
1963_______________ 65,935

43, 505

July 1962-January 1963_____ 11,268
January-June 1962.......- ____ 4,900
January-December 1961____
5,714
January-December 1960........- 4,643
January 1958-December 1959. 7,166
January 1955-December 1957.. 7,645
January 1953-December 1954.. 3,095
July 1950-December 1952____ 4,265
October 1945-June 1950_____
6,285
January 1942-September 1945. 2,619
Before January 1942................ 6,491
1,844
Date not reported_________

6,387
3,028
3,333
2,795
4, 494
5,103
2,130
3,022
4,827
1,861
5,337
1,188

4,881
1,872
2,381
1,848
2,672
2,542
965
1,243
1,458
758
1,154
656

4.6

5.7

3.0

Median years on current job..

Percent distribu­
tion
Both M ale Fe­
male
sexes

22,430 100.0 100.0

100.0

14.7
7.0
7.7
6.4
10.3
11.7
4.9
6.9
11.1
4.3
12.3
2.7

21.8
8.4
10.6
8.2
11.9
11.3
4.3
5.5
6.5
3.4
5.1
2.9

17.1
7.4
8.7
7.0
10.9
11.6
4.7
6.5
9.5
4.0
9.8
2.8

January 1963 averaged considerably longer con­
tinuous employment on their current job than non­
white workers (over 90 percent of whom are Ne­
groes) , 4.7 years and 3.6 years, respectively. Aver­
age job tenure for white and nonwhite women was
about the same—3 years—but white men averaged
about 2 years longer than nonwhite men, 6 versus
4 years. Additional evidence of conditions that
tend to cut down the job tenure of non whites is dis­
cussed in a recent Bureau of Labor Statistics
study.4
Long-term employment was much more fre­
quent among white than nonwhite men, with 35
percent and 28 percent, respectively, working at
the same job or business for over a decade. Also,
among men 45 years old and over, a much larger
proportion of the white workers still had the same
job that they had started prior to January 1942;
29 percent compared with only 18 percent of the
nonwhite workers. The higher average for white
men reflects to a large extent their relatively
greater employment in white-collar and craftsman
jobs, whereas a disproportionate number of non­
white men work at service and laborer jobs where
relatively high rates of unemployment are char­
acteristic. Even in the more stable occupations,
non whites suffer a higher rate of joblessness, gen­
erally twice that of whites.
Not only was job tenure the same for white and
nonwhite women, but about the same proportion
* “Economic Status of Nonwhite Workers, 1955-62,” Monthly
Labor Review, July 1963, pp. 780-788.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

of both white and nonwhite women (20 percent)
had held their current job for more than 10 years.
One might expect job tenure for nonwhite women
to be shorter than for white women, because a
much greater proportion of nonwhite women are
employed in service occupations where work is
less steady than in clerical jobs in which white
women are concentrated. This factor is offset by
the greater tendency for nonwhite than for white
women to remain continuously in the labor force
because of economic necessity. This more con­
tinuous association with the wrork force is reflected
by their higher labor force participation rates.
Tenure by Industry and Class of Worker
Persons operating their own businesses or farms
averaged much longer tenure than wage and sal­
ary workers. A majority of the male farmers were
45 years old or older, and 42 percent had operated
their farms since before World War II. Selfemployed men in agriculture averaged 18 years
on the job, compared with only a year and a half
for wage and salary farm workers, many of whom
are subject to frequent spells of unemployment
(table 4). Self-employed men in nonfarm indus­
tries, with money or time invested in a business
enterprise or in learning a profession, had been
consistently employed for 9 years on the average,
nearly twice as long as wage and salary workers.
Men and women wage and salary workers em­
ployed in transportation and public utilities had
greater job stability than workers in any other
major industry group. Men in this industry
had averaged about 10 years on their current job,
and about one-third of them had been working at
T a b l e 2.
Y ears
1963

W h it e a n d N o n w h it e W o r k e r s : M e d ia n
C u r r e n t J o b, by A ge and S e x , J a nu a ry

on

Both sexes
Age

Total, 14
years
and over_

Male

Female

Total White Non- Total White Non- Total White Nonwhite
white
white

4.6

4.7

3.6

5.7

5.9

4.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

14 to 24 years. 0.8
25 to 34 years. 3.0
35 to 44 years. 6.0
45 to 54 years. 9.0
55 to 64 years. 11.8
65 years and
over_____ 13.8

0.8
3.1
6.1
9.3
12.1

0.6
2.4
5.0
7.3
8.8

0.8
3.5
7.6
11.4
14.7

0.9
3.6
7.7
11.6
15.1

0.7
2.6
6.5
9.6
11.2

0.8
2.0
3.6
6.1
7.8

0.8
2.0
3.6
6.1
7.9

0.5
2.1
3.7
5.7
6.4

13.6

17.3

16.6

16.3

19.7

8.8

8.4

i Median not shown where base is less than 100,000.

(>)

1148

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T a b l e 3. F u l l - a n d P a r t - T im e J o bs
M e d ia n Y e a r s o n C u r r e n t J o b , b y A g e
S t a t u s , J a n u a r y 1963

of
and

W om en:
M a r it a l

Median years on job
Age and marital status
Total

Usually work—
Full time

Part time

All W omen
Total, 14 years and over___

3.0

3.4

2.0

14 to 24 years___________________
25 to 34 y e a rs................................ .
35 to 44 years........ . . __________
45 years and over_______________

0.8
2.0
3.6
6.8

0.9
2.3
4.0
7.4

0.5
1.1
2.2
5.1

Single
Total, 14 years and over___

1.8

2.3

.8

14 to 24 years.....................................
25 to 34 years.....................................
35 to 44 years..................................
45 years and over_______________

0.8
3.6
7.3
14.2

0.9
3.6
7.5
14.7

0.6

Total, 14 years and over___

3.4

3.7

2.6

14 to 24 years___________________
25 to 34 years___________________
35 to 44 years___________________
45 years and over_______________

0.9
1.9
3.4
6.4

1.0
2.1
3.7
6.8

0.4
1.2
2.2

0

«

10.6

M arbied , H usband P resent

5.1

Other M arital Status8
Total, 14 years and over___

4.1

4.3

14 to 24 years___________________
25 to 34 years___________________
35 to 44 years________________ _
45 years and over_______________

0.7
1.4
3.0
6.3

0.8
1.5
3.4

6.6

3.3

(>)

0

1.8
4.9

i Median not shown where base is less than 100,000.
8 Includes widowed, divorced, and married, spouse absent.

the same job for over 15 years. Railroad workers,
who comprise a large proportion of this group,
had the longest current job duration of men work­
ing in any nonfarm industry (18 years). Some
40 percent of them had been working continuously
since before World War II. Their exceptionally
long tenure can probably be explained by the large
proportion of older workers employed on rail­
roads, where seniority has played an important
role in governing layoffs and cutbacks.
The shortest tenure for men, 2y2 years, was
among construction workers, more than one-fourth
of whom had been on their current job for no more
than a half year. Their comparatively short aver­
age job duration reflects not only the inherent
seasonality and limited duration of construction
jobs, but also the industry’s sensitivity to changes
in business conditions. Continuous employment
was also of short duration for workers in service
and trade industries, which have many part-time
workers and seasonal labor requirements as well.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Workers in manufacturing were employed con­
siderably more steadily than the average wage and
salary worker. Men working in durable goods
industries had somewhat longer tenure (7.2 years)
than those in nondurable goods industries (6.6
years), but for the women, the average was the
same (about 4 years). Among male factory work­
ers, job attachment was longest (12 years) for
those employed in the primary metal industries.
Twenty-five percent of these metalworkers had
been continuously employed since before January
1942, compared with only 14 percent for all dur­
able goods industries. Automobile workers had
held their jobs for an average of 10 years, and 1 out
of 6, for more than 21 years. At the other extreme
were men in the highly seasonal lumber and wood
products industry who averaged only about 3
years. One-fourth of these workers had been em­
ployed on their current job for 6 months or less,
a much greater proportion than for any other
group of factory workers, male or female. Among
the nondurable goods industries, the longest aver­
age duration (8 years) was for men who make
chemicals, and one of the shortest (4 years), for
those in printing and publishing, an industry
which has many young people employed distribut­
ing newspapers. Men working in public adminis­
tration had comparatively long job duration—
averaging about 7y2 years, with 1 out of 4 having
worked at the same job more than 15 years. Of
this group, postal workers had the longest average
tenure—about 9y2 years.
Among the major industries, women workers
in transportation and public utilities had the
longest job duration—averaging about 6 years.
Among women employed in the service and fi­
nance and trade industries, job tenure was very
short, less than %y2 years. For example, about
one-third of them had been working at their cur­
rent job 1 year or less. Among women factory
workers, who had an average of 4 years of contin­
uous job attachment, job stability was highest
among those in fabricated metal (5.5 years) and
nonelectrical machinery industries (6 years). For
women employed in the apparel industry, which
has more women workers than any other in manu­
facturing, the average length of time on their cur­
rent job was 3y2 years, one of the shortest among
the goods-producing industries.

1149

JOB TENURE OF AMERICAN WORKERS

group is reflected in the relatively low average
period of continuous employment in this occupa­
tional group, about 5y2 years. Fewer than a third
of these workers had been on the job more than 10
years compared with 40 percent or more of the
craftsmen and managers. Men employed as farm
and nonfarm laborers had the shortest tenure, fol­
lowed closely by those who were in sales and serv­
ice occupations.
Duration of current employment of women
workers by occupation generally followed the same
pattern as for men, with the exception of women
farm laborers, most of whom were unpaid work­
ers on family farms and, therefore, were less likely
to move to other jobs than male farm laborers or
any other group of wage and salary workers.
Despite the four economic downturns since
World War II, a substantial number of workers
have been continuously employed at the same

Tenure by Occupation
Persons in occupations which require the most
training, financial investment, or experience gen­
erally had the greatest degree of job stability. As
previously indicated, farmers and farm managers
had been on the same job for 18 years, twice as
long as the men who ranked second in tenure—
managers, officials, and proprietors. Craftsmen
(about three-fourths of whom were employed out­
side the construction industry) averaged 7 years
on their current job, much longer than semiskilled
operatives or laborers who require less training
and are more likely to be adversely affected by
cyclical or seasonal fluctuations in labor demand.
The substantial expansion in employment of men
in professional and technical occupations in recent
years and the comparatively large numbers of
these highly trained workers in the under-45 age
T a b l e 4.

M a jo r O c c u pa t io n

and

I n d u s t r y G r o u p a n d C lass o f W o r k e r : L e n g t h
J o b , by S e x , J a n u a r y 1963

of

E m pl o y m e n t

on

C urrent

[Percent distribution]
Fem ale

M ale
O ccupation, in d u stry, and class of
worker

T otal, 14 years and over------ _ - ---

T o t a l1

5 years
or less

Over 5
to 10
years

Over 10
to 15
years

5.7

100.0

62.7

16.1

9.4

11.8

19.5
59.2

5.4
18.0

100.0
(2)

58.2

16.6

10.9

14.2

14.8
12.2
10.0
14.4
12.6

30.5
23.0
12.6
25.8
20.0

16.1
13.9
14.2

10.7
5.5
9.1

13.9
10.1
13.4

8.4
5.3
3.5
6.9
5.1
(2)
3.6
1.5
2.5

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(2)

46.7
63.9
64.7
51.5
55.6
75.4
71.7
35.7

Over 15 M edian
years
years
on job

T otal 1

5 years
or less

Over 5
to 10
years

Over 10
to 15
years

100.0

47.3

17.1

12.5

23.1

100.0
100.0

48.5
15.9

19.7
11.9

12.3
13.1

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(2)
100.0
100.0
100.0

35.5
49.2
59.7
42.7
50.1

19.2
15.7
17.6
17.2
17.3

59.2
70.5
63.2

Over 15 M edian
years
years
on job
3.0

O ccupation
Professional, technical, and kindred
w orkers_____ ________________________ M anagers, officials, and proprietors, except farm ____________ __________ _____
Clérical and kindred w orkers------- -----------Sales w orkers---------- ---------------------- ------C raftsm en and kindred w orkers--------------O peratives and kindred w orkers--------------P rivate hnnsAholii w orkers
Service workers, except p rivate householdFarm laborers and forem en______________
I n d u st r y

and

C lass

of

3.7
(2)

18.7
16.7
18.1
18.1
17.2
11.5
14.6
15.0

11.5
9.1
8.0
11.5
11.7
6.0
7.2
13.6

23.1
10.3
9.2
18.8
15.4
7.1
6.5
35.7

5.8
3.0
2.9
4.8
4.1
1.7
1.9
9.9
(2)

W orker
100.0

36.1

13.0

10.4

40.4

10.5

100.0

36.4

16.7

13.6

33.3

9.0

W age and salary w orkers------------------------Self-em ployed w orkers-----------------------------U np aid fam ily w orkers------- ---------------------

100.0
100.0
100.0

70.6
15.4
52.6

11.8
11.7
32.2

5.7
13.1
10.0

11.9
59.7
5.2

1.4
18.2
4.9

100.0
100.0
100.9

74.3
19.2
23.5

15.7
19.2
16.2

5.0
19.2
15.9

5.0
42.4
44.4

0.8
13.9
13.8

N onagricultural in d u stries......... -

100.0

48.2

17.4

12.7

21.6

5.5

100.0

63.3

16 1.

9.3

11.4

3.0

64.2

16.0

9.1

10.7

A griculture_______________ ____

T otal w age and salary w o rk ers3-----C onstruction___________ __________ _____
M anufacturing__________________________
T ransportation________
- - - ---------------C om m unications and public u tilities..........
W holesale and retail trade________ ______
Service and finance________________ . . . P u b lic ad m in istration --------------------- _ Self-employed and unpaid fam ily
w orkers—-------------------------------------

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

50.1
39.8
65.0
41.8
36.3
29.5
61.7
61.5
40.6

17.3
17.9
14.9
18.4
15.0
21.3
16.5
16.2
19.1

12.4
13.3
9.6
14.4
14.3
18.6
9.3
9.6
15.1

20.2
29.0
10.5
25.4
34.5
30.6
12.6
12.6
25.3

5.1
7.6
2.4
7.0
9.7
9.8
3.1
3.2
7.4

100.0
(2)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

65.1
56.0
49.8
45.2
69.2
68.6
50.5

19.5
16.8
19.7
17.0
15.8
14.9
21.6

10.1
11.4
11.5
15.8
7.2
8.0
12.4

5.4
15.8
19.0
22.1
7.8
8.4
15.5

100.0

34.9

,,4

15.0

31.8

8.9

100.0

53.5

16.2

11. 4

18.9

i Excludes persons not reporting length of time on current job.
Percent and median years not shown where base is less than 100,000.
3 Includes forestry and fisheries not shown separately.

j


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.9
(2)

3.1
4.1
5.2
6.2
2.2
2.4
5.0
4. 5

N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1150
job or business for a very long time—more
than 15 years. Over 1 out of 4 men and 1 out of 7
women over 24 years of age had held the same job
since prior to 1948. Of the 10 million male work­
ers with such long job tenure, one-fifth were crafts­
men; about the same proportion were managers,
officials and proprietors; and another one-fourth
were professional workers or farmers (table 5).
Persons in these four occupation groups, which
generally require extensive training, financial in­
vestment, or education, comprised nearly twothirds of the men with more than 15 years of un­
broken job tenure but only one-half of all em­
ployed workers in January 1968. Only 1 out of
8 workers with such long job tenure were
farm and nonfarm laborers or sales or service
workers.
Although women comprised one-third of em­
ployed workers in January 1968, only 1 in 5 of the
workers with more than 15 years of continuous
employment was a woman. These women were
more heavily concentrated in one occupation group
than men, with one-fourth holding clerical jobs.
Women who were operatives or professional and
technical workers were relatively more numer­
T a ble 5.

ous among those with over 15 years of unbroken
employment than among all employed women.
Average length of continuous employment
varied widely not only among occupations but also
within individual occupations, depending on the
industry in which a worker was employed. For
example, male craftsmen 25 years old and over
averaged 8 years on the job, but those employed on
the railroads held the same job continuously for 19
years compared with a low of 4 years for construc­
tion workers. Skilled workers in factories tended
to work more than twice as long as similar job­
holders in the construction industry (table 6).
Operatives in durable goods manufacturing in­
dustries averaged about twice the job tenure of
those in service and finance industries but about
half as long as railroad workers. Differences of
this kind in job tenure by industry were charac­
teristic of men in the two other major occupational
groups studied—unskilled laborers and clerical
workers.
Although job stability was as great for men in
clerical jobs as it was for craftsmen, about
one-fourth of the craftsmen were in the construc­
tion industry where job attachment is very short,

W orkers E m ployed O v er 15 Y ea r s on C u r r e n t J ob b y M ajor O ccupation
C lass of W o r k er , b y S e x , J a n u a r y 1963

and

I n d u st r y G rou p

and

[Number in thousands]
Both sexes
Occupation, industry, and class of worker

Number

Male

Percent dis­
tribution

Number

Female

Percent dis­
tribution

Number

Percent dis­
tribution

Occupation
All occupation groups.—____________________________________

12,362

100.0

9,769

100.0

2,593

100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred workers..................... .........................
Farmers and farm managers_____________________ _______ _________
Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm_______ ____________
Clerical and kindred workers____ _____________ ____________ ______
Sales workers___________________ ___________ ___________ ______ _
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers________________________ _
Operatives and kindred workers_____ _____________________________
Private household workers.. _ _____ _ ___________ _______________
Service workers, except private household________ ________ ____
Farm laborers and foremen_________________________ _____________
Laborers, except farm and mine_____ ___________________________

1,406
1,304
2,132
1,359
457
2,104
2,194
171
611
229
395

11.4
10.5
17.2
11.0
3.7
17.0
17.7
1.4
4.9
1.9
3.2

988
1,266
1,882
672
314
2,056
1,694
11
407
103
376

10.1
13.0
19.3
6.9
3.2
21.0
17.3
.1
4.2
1.1
3.8

418
38
250
687
143
48
500
160
204
126
19

16.1
1.5
9.6
26.5
5.5
1.9
19.3
6.2
7.9
4.9
.7

All industry groups________ ____ ___________________________

12,362

100.0

9,769

100.0

2,593

100.0

Agriculture_____ _________________________________________ ___
Nonagricultural industries______________ _________ _______________
Total wage and salary workers 1_______________________________
M ining____ _ . ________________________________________
Construction_____ . _______ ____________ . . . ___________
Manufacturing___________________________________________
Transportation and public utilities................................... .............
Wholesale and retail tr a d e ... _____________________________
Service and finance____ _______________________________ . . .
Public administration___ ___ ______________ _________
Self-employed and unpaid family workers______________________

1,577
10,785
8,952
135
310
3,795
1,281
1,062
1,596
764
1,833

12.8
87.2
72.4
1.1
2.5
30.7
10.4
8.6
12.9
6.2
14.8

1,407
8,362
6,865
128
301
3,125
1,127
765
795
615
1,497

14.4
85.6
70.3
1.3
3.1
32.0
11.5
7.8
8.1
6.3
15.3

170
2,423
2,087
7
9
670
154
297
801
149
336

6.6
93.4
80.5

I ndustry

and

C lass

of

W orker

1Includes forestry and fisheries'not shown separately.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

.3

.3
25.8
5.9
11.5
30.9
5.7
13.0

1151

JOB TENURE OF AMERICAN WORKERS
T a b l e 6. M a le W o r k er s 25 Y ea r s O ld a nd O ver in
S elec ted M ajor O ccupation G r o u p s : M e d ia n Y ea r s
on C u r r e n t J o b , by M ajor I n d u str y G r o u p , J a n u a r y
1963

Industry group

All industry groups................
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and
m ining__ ____ _______________
Construction___________________
Manufacturing_________________
Durable goods______________
Nondurable goods__________
Transportation_________________
Railroads and railway express.
Other transportation................
Communications and other utili­
ties______________ . . __
Wholesale and retail trade_______
Service and finance_____________
Public administration

Opera­ Laborers, Clerical
Crafts­
men, fore­ tives and except
and
men, and kindred farm and kindred
workers
kindred workers
mine
workers
8.0

7.3

7.9
3.8
10.9
10.6
11.7
14.7
19.0
8. 5

7.3
3.4
8.5
8.8
7.9
7.2
17.1
5.3

12.1
5.2
4.7
9.0

9.9
4. 6
4.4
(')

8.1

4.9

(9

1.9
6.1
5.8
6.6
10.9
15.5
6.7
5.2
3. 5
3.6
8.6

(9
(9

10.1
9.8
10.6
11.3
18.5
5.8

(9

6.1
4.8
8.2

1Median not shown where base is less than 100,000.

and few clerical workers were in this industry. If
the craftsmen in construction are omitted, the
average duration rises to about 9y2 years.

was among workers 35 years old and over, with
comparatively twice as many men 35 to 44 years
old having worked continuously on the same job
for more than a decade in January 1963 as in
January 1951. Even among women 35 to 44 years
old, many of whom have only recently returned
to work after a long absence due to family re­
sponsibilities, there was a considerable increase
over the 12-year period in the proportion showing
more than a decade of continuous employment.
The increase in job stability among white men
between 1951 and 1963, up 2 years to an average
of 6 years, was greater than for nonwhite men
who experienced a rise of only 1 year to an aver­
age of 4 years. The smaller increase among non­
whites largely reflects their much greater concen­
tration in service and laborer occupational groups,
which had a smaller rise in job tenure over the
T a b l e 7. C o m p a r is o n o f L e n g t h o f E m p l o y m e n t on
C u r r e n t J o b , b y A g e , S e x , and C o l o r , J a n u a r y 1951
a n d 1963

Comparison With 1951 Survey
Average length of job tenure among American
workers had increased about one-third since the
last survey on job tenure was made by the Bureau
of the Census in January 1951. At that time, be­
cause of the job dislocations during and after
World War II, only 18 percent of the workers had
been steadily employed on the same job for over a
decade, compared with 30 percent in January 1963
(table 7). Although the increase in the proportion
employed so long was greater for men than for
women, 11 and 10 percentage points, respectively,
the rise was sharper among women. Considering
the small proportion of women with this length of
work, some of this sharp rise is undoubtedly due to
an increase during the 12 years between surveys in
the proportion of employed women age 45 and
over, the very age group which tends to have the
greatest job tenure.
Primarily as a result of the rise in the propor­
tion of workers employed over 10 years, the aver­
age length of continuous employment for all work­
ers rose from 3.4 years in 1951 to 4.6 years in
January 1963. Job tenure increased from 4 to
about 5y2 years for men and from 2 to 3 years
for women. Almost all of the rise in job tenure


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Median years
on same job
Age, sex, and color
Janu­
ary
1963

Proportion of
workers on same job

Janu­
ary
1951

More
than 10
years in
January
1963

More
than 11
years in
January
1951

A ge and Sex
Both sexes, 14 years and over..

4.6

3.4

29.8

17.6

14 to 17 years_____________________
18 and 19 vears___________________
20 to 24 years...........................................
25 to 34 years...........................................
35 to 44 years...........................................
45 to 54 yea rs.........................................
55 to 64 years.............. ................. .........
65 years and over. ................. ............

0.7
.5
1.1
3.0
6.0
9.0
11.8
13.8

0. 7
.6
1.3
2.6
3.2
6.3
8.0
10+

0.5
10.1
33.0
46.0
53.2
54.9

0.2
.2
3.4
17.3
31.4
38.8
46.4

Male, 14 years and over............

5.7

3.9

34.6

20.7

14 to 17 years_____________________
18 and 19 years___________________
20 to 24 years_____________________
25 to 34 y e a rs...............— ....................
35 to 44 years..........................................
45 to 54 yea rs........................................
55 to 64 years..........................................
65 years and over..... .............................

0.7
.5
1.0
3.5
7.6
11.4
14.7
16.6

0.8
.6
1.2
2.8
4.5
7.6
9.3
10+

0.7
10.6
39.8
53.4
59.7
59.4

0.2
.3
3.9
19.1
36.2
43.6
50.8

3.0

2.2

20.6

10.2

14 to 17 years____________________
18 and 19 v e a r s __________________
20 to 24 y e a rs.........................................
25 to 34 years......... .................................
35 to 44 years.........................................
45 to 54 years....... ..................................
55 to 64 years.........................................
65 years and over....... ................ ..........

0.6
.5
1.1
2.0
3.6
6.1
7.8
8.8

0.5
.6
1.4
1.8
3. 1
4.0
4.5
4.9

0.2
8.9
19.0
32.9
40.6
43.8

0.2
.2
2.2
12.9
19.5
23.5
28.6

C olor and Sex
Male:
W hite_______________________
Nonw hite................................. .......
Female:
W h ite...............................................
N on white____________________

5.9
4.1

4.0
3.1

35.3
27.5

21.4
13.2

3.0
2.9

2.3
1.7

20.7
19.3

10.7
6.5

Female, 14 years and over___

1152

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T a b l e 8. P e r c e n t o f W o r k e r s 25 t o 54 Y e a r s O ld
w it h C u r r e n t E m p l o y e r O v e r 10 Y e a r s in J a n u a r y
1963 W ho C a n B e E x p e c t e d T o R e m a in w it h S a m e
E m p l o y e r 10 A d d it io n a l Y e a r s , by A g e a n d S e x 1
(2)

(3)

Age in
January
1973

Percent
surviving
from 1963
to 1973

(i )

Age in
January 1963
and sex

Percen t with
currerit employer in January 1963

Over

Over

years

years

4.3
16.7
36.9
44.4
52.3
57.1
61.0
63.4

3.1
9.8
20.7
27.8
35.4
41.3

10

20

Percent of those with
current employer
over 10 years in
January 1963 re­
maining with same
employer to Jan­
uary 1973
(4)

(5)

Unad­
justed for
deaths

Adjusted
for
deaths

M ales
25 to
30 to
35 to
40 to
45 to
50 to
55 to
60 to

29 y e a rs...
34 y e a rs...
39 y e a rs...
44 years__
49 years__
54 y e a rs...
59 y e a rs...
64 years__

35
40
45
50
55
60

to
to
to
to
to
to

39
44
49
54
59
64

98.1
97.6
96.3
94.0
90.2
85.4

72.1
58.7
56.1
62.6
67.7
72.3

70.7
57.3
54.0
58.8
61.1
61.7

35
40
45
50
55
60

to
to
to
to
to
to

39
44
49
54
59
64

98.9
98.5
97.7
96.5
94.8
92.4

50.0
30.3
50.3
54.7
45.7
56.9

49.4
29.8
49.1
52.8
43.3
52.6

F emales
25 to
30 to
35 to
40 to
45 to
50 to
55 to
60 to

29 y e a r s...
34 y e a r s...
39 years__
44 years__
49 years__
54 y e a rs...
59 years__
64 years__

4.6
13.2
15.9
22.5
31.5
36.9
38.7
47.4

2.3
4.0

8.0

12.3
14.4

21.0

1

The estimation procedure can best be described by the following example ■
36.9 percent of working men 35 to 39 years old were reported to have been with
their current employer over 10 years in January 1963. Similarly, the percent
of those 45 to 49 years old with over 20 years of service with their current em­
ployer was estimated by linear interpolation to be 20.7 percent. Dividing
the latter percent by the former yields an estimate of the proportion of male
workers now age 35 to 39 years with over 10 years of service with their current
employer who can be expected to remain with the same employer an addi­
tional 10 years, when they would be 45 to 49 years old. In this example, the
result is 56.1 percent, as shown in column 4 of the table. However, this com­
putation makes no allowance for the loss of workers due to mortality. It is
therefore necessary to multiply this percent by the proportion of male workers
who could be expected to survive from age 35 to 39 years to age 45 to 49 years.
The appropriate survival ratio can be obtained from a life table, and the cor­
responding adjustment is shown in the table. In our example, the adjusted
percent comes to 56.1 X .963, or 54.0 percent.
In extending this procedure to estimate the proportion of workers who
would remain with the same employer to the age of retirement, it is necessary
to introduce further assumptions regarding job retention rates for periods of
service beyond 20 years’ duration.

12 years than the average for all occupations.
Among women, however, the average for nonwhites increased about half a year more than for
whites, so that by January 1963, both groups
worked an average of 3 years on the same job.
Continuation on Present Job
The data from this survey can be used to develop
rough estimates of the proportion of workers
with a given number of years on their current job
who can be expected to remain with the same em­
ployer a specified number of additional years. F or
example, table 8 shows the proportions of workers
who have already demonstrated a considerable de­
gree of job attachment in remaining with their
current employer over 10 years (in January 1963)


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

and who might be expected to remain with the
same employer 10 additional years. As might be
expected, the proportion who achieve this term of
service is low at the younger ages and rises with
age to 63.4 percent for men age 60 to 64 years.
These projections rest upon the assumption that
the pattern of job attachment observed among
workers at successively older ages at one moment
in time (i.e., January 1963) can be used to repre­
sent the pattern of job attachment for a particular
age group of workers as it ages over time.5 One
limitation of this procedure stems from the fact
that the patterns of job attachment observed
among working men in January 1963 reflect the
interruptions of civilian careers occasioned by
World War I I and the Korean conflict. For this
reason, the proportion of men 35 to 54 years old
having over 20 years’ service with their current
employer in January 1963 was undoubtedly lower
than it would have been in the absence of these
national emergencies.
The impact of the interruptions brought about
by these emergencies can be seen in the fact that
the percent of working men remaining with their
current employer an additional 10 years declines
as we move from the group age 35 to 39 years to
the group age 45 to 49 years (table 8, col. 5). This
percentage would normally be expected to rise with
advancing age. As a result, projections of job
retention derived from these age groups may re­
quire further adjustment before they can be ap­
plied to younger groups of working men.6
By extending this procedure to cover other
periods of service, it would be possible to estimate
proportions of workers who could be expected to
remain with a given employer until they reached
any specified age, such as the age of retirement,
or until they become eligible for retirement bene­
fits. Such projections might provide useful guide­
lines for estimating the future costs of private
pension plans or other retirement provisions. In
view of the limitations of both the procedure and
the available data, the results would be very rough
approximations.
5 A similar assumption is required when tables of working life
are used to estimate the future work-life expectancy of a given
worker or group of workers.
6 The corresponding percentages for working women vary more
than those of the men. However, the variations among working
women can readily be explained by the normal interruptions occa­
sioned by marriage and childbearing among younger working
women.

Summaries of Studies and Reports
Earnings in Bituminous
Coal Mines, November 1962
S t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s of production and re­
lated workers in bituminous coal mines averaged
$2.95 an hour in November 1962, according to a
study conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statis­
tics.1 The 96,949 workers covered by the study
(virtually all m en2) , averaged $111 a week, work­
ing an average of 37y2 hours. Eighty-five percent
of the workers were in underground mines. These
workers averaged 10 cents more per hour than
workers in surface mines,3but because of a shorter
workweek, their weekly average was $12 lower.
For each type of mine, variations in earnings
were found by location, size of mine, labor-man­
agement contract status, and occupation.
Information is also provided on the incidence of
certain establishment practices, including work
schedules, paid vacations, and health and pension
benefits. A more comprehensive account of this
study will be presented in forthcoming BLS Bul­
letin 1383.
Mines having collective bargaining agreements
with the United Mine Workers (Ind.) accounted
for four-fifths of the workers covered by the
study; an additional 2 percent of the workers were
in mines having agreements with other unions.
Union mines accounted for nearly nine-tenths of
the workers in underground mines, compared with
three-fifths in surface mines.
The study was conducted during a period of
labor unrest in the industry, particularly in the
coal fields of eastern Kentucky. Substantial, long­
term unemployment and the loss of certain health
and welfare benefits due to the alleged nonpayment
of royalties 4to the UMWA Welfare Fund by some
operators contributed to this unrest, which in­
cluded picketing and physical conflict.

Average Earnings
Earnings data were developed separately for
seven major coal-producing States,5 together ac­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

counting for nine-tenths of the workers in the in­
dustry. Compared with the national average of
$2.95, average straight-time hourly earnings of
production and related workers in all bituminous
coal mines in these States ranged from $3.27 in
Illinois to $2.65 in Virginia. Workers in West
Virgina, accounting for approximately a third of
the industry’s work force, averaged $2.98 an hour.
Averages in the remaining four States were—
Pennsylvania, $2.94; Ohio, $2.83; Kentucky, $2.82;
and Alabama, $2.76. Hourly earnings of seventenths of the workers in the industry were grouped
between $3 and $3.50. One of the factors con­
tributing to this relatively narrow range of in­
dividual hourly earnings was the extensive use of
J The survey included establishments employing 10 workers or
more and primarily engaged in producing bituminous coal or in
developing bituminous coal mines, excluding coal preparation
plants operated separately, and other separate auxiliary units
such as central offices (part of industry 1211, as defined in the
1957 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual
prepared by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget).
The straight-time earnings presented in this article differ in
concept from the gross earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly
hours and earnings series. The averages presented here exclude
premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts, and were calculated by summing individual earn­
ings and dividing by the number of individuals. In the monthly
series, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments
in the industry is divided into the reported payroll total to obtain
average hourly earnings ; average weekly earnings are the product
of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings.
2
Women accounted for less than one-half of 1 percent of the
work force.
The term production and related workers, as used in this
survey, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers
(including leadmen and trainees) engaged in excavation, haulage,
trucking, hoisting, ventilation, drainage, drilling, blasting, load­
ing, crushing, processing, inspection, storage, handling, warehous­
ing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial work, watchmen
services, development (except construction performed by a sepa­
rate work force), auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g.,
power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely asso­
ciated with the above production operations.
8 Surface mines included strip or open-pit and auger mines.
Auger mines accounted for less than 5 percent of the workers in
this branch of the industry.
4 The UMWA Welfare and Retirement Fund is financed from
royalty payments by signatory operators on each ton of coal pro­
duced for use or for sale. At the time of the study, the stipulated
payment was 40 cents a ton. Some mines were reported as not
paying the full amount at the time of the study, and the fund had
announced its policy of cancellation of miners’ eligibility for hos­
pital and medical care benefits if their employer was “in flagrant
violation” of the agreement. It is not known what proportion of
the workers were so affected but it is believed to be relatively
small.
6 The comprehensive bulletin will also contain separate data
for selected Coal Act Production Districts.

1153

1154

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T a b l e 1. N u m b e r , W e e k l y H o u r s W o r k e d , and
A v e r a g e S t r a ig h t - T im e E a r n in g s 1 o f P r o d u c t io n
W o r k e r s in B it u m in o u s C o a l M in e s , b y T y p e o f
M i n e , U n it e d
S ta tes and
S elected
States,
N o v e m b e r 1962

Type of mine

All mines: United States 3_ .
Underground mines:
United States3______ .
Alabama___________
Illinois............. .............
Kentucky______ _
Eastern Kentucky *____
Western Kentucky 3
Ohio_______ .
Pennsylvania.................
Virginia________
West Virginia....... ........
Surface mines:
United States 3..... .........
Illinois____
Ohio___________ _
Pennsylvania_____

Average
Number
of
workers Hourly Weekly Weekly
earn­
hours
earn­
ings 1 worked2 ings 1
96,949

$2,95

37.5

$111.00

82,186
4,691
4,824
10, 510
7,740
2,770
2,428
13, 663
6,436
32, 511

2.97
2. 78
3.16
2. 77
2.74
2.84
3. 04
3.12
2.63
3.00

36.5
34.0
41.5
39.0
39.0
40.0
36.0
32.5
38.5
38.0

109.00
95.00
130. 50
108. 50
106. 50
114. 00
109. 00
101. 50

114.00

14, 763
, 810
2,501
2,820

2.87
3. 44
2. 63
2.08

42.0
44.0
41.0
44.5

151.00
107.50
92.50

2

101.00

121.00

1 Exeliictes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts. Weekly earnings were rounded to the nearest half dollar.
1Weekly hours were rounded to the nearest half hour.
3 Includes data for States in addition to those shown separately. Alaska
and Hawaii were not included in the study.
^Eastern Kentucky as used in this report Includes the following counties:
Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, Elliott, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan,
Jackson, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, Letcher,
McCreary, Magoffin, Martin, Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Rockcastle,
Wayne, and W hitley.
3 Western Kentucky as used in this report includes the following counties:
Butler, Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins,
Logan, McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd, Union, Warren,
and Webster.

time rates of pay. Incentive methods of wage
payment accounted for only 8 percent of the work­
ers in underground mines and less than 1 percent
in surface mines.
Production and related workers in the industry,
working an average of 37y2 hours, averaged $111
a week. Individual weekly earnings were more
widely dispersed than hourly earnings. The mid­
dle half of the workers earned between $90.50 and
$130. Among the seven States for which separate
data are provided, average weekly earnings ranged
from $138 in Illinois to $97.50 in Alabama. Aver­
ages for the other States were $113.50 for West
Virginia, $112 for Kentucky, $108.50 for Ohio,
$102 for Virginia, and $100 for Pennsylvania.
Workers in underground mines averaged $2.97
an hour compared with $2.87 for workers in sur­
face mines (table 1). This wage relationship
varied considerably among the three States for
which comparisons could be made: In Illinois,
workers in surface mines averaged 28 cents an
hour more than those in underground mines; in


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Ohio and Pennsylvania, underground mine work­
ers averaged more than surface mine workers by
amounts of 41 cents and $1.04, respectively. Mines
with union contracts accounted for virtually all
the workers in both underground and surface
mines in Illinois and approximately nine-tenths of
the underground mine workers in both Ohio and
Pennsylvania, but only a third of the surface mine
workers in Ohio and an eighth of such workers in
Pennsylvania.
Among underground mines, the national aver­
age for workers in mines with collective bargain­
ing agreements was $3.11 an hour, compared with
$1.98 for workers in mines without such agree­
ments. Corresponding averages among surface
mines were $3.37 and $2.12. Nationwide, workers
in underground mines with 100 or more employees
averaged $3.15 an hour, compared with $2.45 for
workers in smaller mines. Among surface mines,
the corresponding averages were $3.41 and $2.64.
Mines with union contracts accounted for virtually
all of the employment in the larger mines in both
branches of the industry. The proportions in the
smaller size group (less than 100 workers) were 56
percent in underground mines and 43 percent in
surface mines.
As illustrated in the following tabulation, in­
dividual hourly earnings were more closely
grouped in underground mines than in surface
mines:
P e rc en t o f p ro d u c tio n w orkers earnin g
sp e cifie d a m o u n ts in —

H o u r ly ea rn in g s

Under $1.50 - _____ __ _.
$1.50 and under $2.00 ___
$2.00 and under $ 2 .5 0 ___
$2.50 and under $3.00_
$3.00 and under $3.50 __ .
$3.50 and under $4.00 __
Over $4.00 __ _______
Total (percent). _ _ _.
Number of workers _.

A l l m in e s

U n d er­
g round
m in es

2. 6
2. 4
7. 1
5. 8
7. 3
6. 0
9. 0
8. 6
70. 5
76. 2
3. 3
.8
.4
.2
100
100
96, 949 82, 186

Surface
m in e s

3. 2
14 2
14. 6
11. 0
38. 8
16. 8
1. 4
100
14, 763

N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.

Average straight-time weekly earnings in under­
ground mines were $109, compared with $121 for
surface mines, although average hourly rates were
10 cents higher in underground than in surface
mines. The average of weekly hours worked by
those in surface mines was 42, compared with 36^
for workers in underground mines.

1155

EARNINGS IN BITUMINOUS COAL MINES

hour. Average weekly earnings for all but eight
of the selected jobs ranged from $100 to $120. Na­
tionwide, and in those States where comparisons
were possible, occupational hourly earnings were
higher in nearly all instances in mines employing
100 or more than in the smaller mines, and higher
in mines with union contracts than in those with­
out such contracts.
Hourly earnings of individuals performing sim­
ilar tasks in underground mines were usually
grouped within comparatively narrow ranges.
For example, more than four-fifths of the con­
tinuous-mining-machine operators and inside
maintenance mechanics earned between $3.30 and
$3.40 an hour (more than nine-tenths of these
workers were employed in union mines). Reflect-

Occupational Earnings
Earnings data were tabulated separately for
occupations accounting for approximately fourfifths of the production worker employment in
both branches of the industry.
Hourly averages for selected occupations stud­
ied separately in underground mines and pre­
sented in table 2 ranged from $3.32 for mainte­
nance electricians working above the ground to
$2.15 for hand loaders. Five of the six jobs aver­
aging $3.25 or more were journeymen maintenance
workers ; operators of continuous-mining machines
averaged $3.28 an hour. Averages for approxi­
mately half of the jobs studied separately in un­
derground mines ranged between $3 and $3.25 an

N u m b e r a n d A v e r a g e S t r a ig h t - T im e E a r n i n g s 1 o f P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in S e l e c t e d O c c u p a t io n s
U n d e r g r o u n d B it u m in o u s C oal M in e s , U n it e d S t a t e s 2 a n d S e l e c t e d S t a t e s , N o v e m b e r 1962

Selected occupations

Number
of
workers,
United
States2

Kentucky
United
States 2 Alabama

Illinois
Total

Brakemen, inside....................................... —
Bratticemen___________________ ____
Continuous-mining-machine operators...
Car droppers, outside_________________
Drillers, machine_____________________
Electricians maintenance, inside_______
Electricians maintenance, outside______
Loaders, h a n d ..........................................
Loading-machine operators____________
Mechanics maintenance, inside________
Mechanics maintenance, outside_______
Motormen, inside_____________________
Roof bolters__________________________
Shuttle-car operators..________________
Slate pickers, outside__________________
Tipple operators______________________
Truckdrivers_________________________

1,423
i; n s

2,355
lj 030
1,695
2, 375
837
5,920
4,031
4,209
1,771
, 353
4,753

6
6,668
682
1,448
1,106

in

Average hourly earnings 1

$2.85
2.93
3.28
3.16
3.02
3. 24
3. 32
2.15
3.19
3.28
3.30
2.89
3.14
3.00
2.70
2.89
2.69

$2.76
2. 90
3.13
2.96
3.09
3. 25
2.30
3.03
3.20
2.80
2.99

2.86
1.76
2.26

$3.13
3. 46
3.16
3. 21
3. 34
3. 34
3.36
3. 31
3.31
2. 97
3.25
3.06
2. 79
3.11
3.16

$2. 26
2. 78
3.17
3.13
2. 70
3.07
3. 22
1.65
2.99
3. 20
3. 23

2.68

2. 94
2.87
2.34
2. 41
2.36

East­
ern 3
$2. 26
2.73
3. 34
3.20
. 62
3.07
3. 25

2

1.68

3.00
3. 32
3. 35
. 68
2. 94
2.89
2.31
2.32
2.43

2

Ohio

Pennsyl­
vania

West­
ern <

-60
to
00
00

T a b l e 2.

$2. 57
3.03

2. 94
2. 83
3.09
2. 95

3.20
3.15
3. 34

2.94
3.04
3.06
2.69
2.94
2. 83
2. 45
2. 71
2.16

3.30
3.32
3.37
2.98
3.16
3.04
2. 76
3.04
2.70

2.01

$2. 99
'3.03
3. 28
3.16
3.17
3.30
3. 33
2. 49
3.24
3. 31
3.29
3.04
3.18
3.08
2.83
3.18
3.03

Virginia

$2. 78
2.87
2. 77
3.11
3.29
3. 23
82
3.13
3.16
3. 29
2. 52
3.14
2.91
2. 65
2. 94

1

2.21

West
Virginia

$2 98
2.90
3. 27
3.18
3.13
3.28
3. 37
2. 32
3.24
3. 32
3. 31
2.94
3.18
3.01
2. 75
2.95
2.79

Average weekly earnings 1
Kentucky
United States 2

Alabama

Illinois
Total

Brakemen, inside..___________________
Bratticemen_____ ____ _______________
Continuous-mining-machine operators.. .
Car droppers, outside_________________
DriflSrs, m achine.____________________
Electricians maintenance, inside...............
Electricians maintenance, outside______
Loaders, hand________________________
Loading-machine operators____________
Mechanics maintenance, inside________
Mechanics maintenance, outside_______
Motormen, inside_____ _______________
Roof bolters__________________________
Shuttle-car operators__________________
Slate pickers, outside_________________
Tipple operators____ _________________
Truckdrivers_________________________

1See footnote 1, table 1.
2See footnote 3, table 1.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$101.00
107. 50
116.00
116.00
115.50
113.00
125. 00
73.00
117. 50
125. 50
119. 50
105.00
112. 50

112.00
101.00
108. 50
100.00

$92.50
104. 50
103.00
98.00
116. 50
114.00
76. 50
104. 50
108.00
93.00
102. 50

100.00
63.00
83.00

$136. 50
128.00
124.00
129.00
153.50
137.50
142.50
147. 50
137.00
121.50
132.00
125.00
116.00
131. 50
129. 50

$89. 50
108. 50
143.00
114.00
105. 50

121.00

120. 50
63.00
118.50
131. 50
118.00
107.00
116.00
113. 50
89.00
. 50
89.00

88

Ohio

Eastern 3

Westem 4

$89. 50
106.00
124. 50
113. 50

$113. 50

$76.00
103.00

115. 00
113.00
123.50
113. 50

109. 50
109. 50
118.00

101.00
121.00
121.00
64. 50
119.00
133.00
121. 50
106. 50
115.00
113.00

86.00
86.00
90.00

3See footnote 4, table 1.

* See footnote 5, table 1.

117. 50
130.00
114.00
108. 50
118.00
113. 50
98.00
97.00
85.50

73.50
114.00
135.00
130. 50
103. 50
107.00

101.00

93.50
112. 50
96.00

Pennsylvania

Virginia

$78. 50
94.50
110. 50
103. 50
96.50
135. 50
97.00
79. 50
105.00
114.00

$112.00
107.00
109.00
114.00

95.50
101. 50
99. 50
99. 50

97.50
126.50
116.00
99.50

112.00

120.00
90.00

138.00
122. 50
62.00
121. 50
128. 50

121.00

110.00
83.00

West
Virginia

$112.00
112. 50

120.00
121.00

123. 50
136.00
135.00
77.00
124.00
135.00
129.00
113.00
116.00
116.00
104. 50
114.00
110. 50

1156

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T a b l e 3. N u m b e r a n d A v e r a g e S t r a ig h t - T im e E a r n i n g s 1 of P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in S e l e c t e d O c c u pa t io n s
in S u r f a c e B it u m in o u s C o al M in e s , U n it e d S t a t e s 2 a n d S e l e c t e d S t a t e s , N o v e m b e r 1962

Selected occupations

Bulldozer operators.........................................
Drillers, m a ch in e...................
Groundmen________ ____ _______
Mechanics, maintenance______
Oilers and greasers..........................
Power shovel operators___________
Slate pickers______________ _
Tipple operators-______ ________
Welders, maintenance ...................................

Number
of workers
United
States2

1,628
671
527
581
1,662
2, 352
418
562
782

Average hourly earnings1
United
States2

Illinois

$2.72
2. 94
2. 74
3.17
2.54
3.13
2.08
2. 55
3.18

i See footnote 1, table 1.

ing differences in hours of work, individual weekly
earnings of workers in the selected jobs were more
widely distributed than were hourly earnings.
Among the selected surface mining occupations
studied and presented in table 3, highest average
hourly earnings were recorded for maintenance
welders ($3.18) and the lowest for slate pickers
($2.08). Power shovel operators, numerically the
most important occupation, averaged $3.13 an
hour. Maintenance electricians, working an aver­
age of 45 hours a week during the payroll period
studied, received the highest weekly earnings
($153.50) ; lowest weekly earnings ($77.50) were
recorded for slate pickers, who work an average
of 37.5 hours a week.
Establishment Practices
Work schedules of 40 hours a week applied to
seven-tenths of those employed below the surface
(inside workers) in underground mines; threefifths of the outside workers were on a 3614 hour
weekly schedule. Inside workers accounted for
82 percent of the work force in underground
mines. Work schedules for workers in surface
mines were more varied : nearly three-tenths were
scheduled to work 3614 hours; a similar propor­
tion, 40 hours; a fifth, 43% hours; and a sixth,
more than 43% hours a week. Most frequently,
work schedules included a daily paid lunch period
of 30 minutes. For the large majority of the in­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$3. 35
3.36
3.48
3.50
3. 55
3.86
3.34
3.31
3. 53

Ohio

$2.66
2.55
2.04
3.03
2.32
3.08
2.24
1.93
2.72

Average weekly earnings1
Pennsyl­
vania

$2.16
2.39
1. 69
2.72
1.75
2.55
1.57

1.88

2.15

United
States2

$113.50
122. 50
117. 50
134.50
114.50
141.50
77.50
104.00
135.50

Illinois

$146.50
142.50
171. 50
154.50
168. 50
186. 50
123. 50
120. 50
150. 50

Ohio

$107.50
100.50
88.50
119.00
101. 50
134.00
. 50
83.00
107. 50

88

Pennsyl­
vania

$95. 50
99.50
65.50
109.00
81.50
117.00
55.50
80.00
93.50

2 See footnote 3, table 1.

side workers in underground mines, time required
to travel from the mine opening to the working
face was included in the work schedule.
Two-fifths of the workers in the industry were
employed on late shifts at the time of the survey.
Three-tenths of the workers in underground mines
and a fifth of those in surface mines were em­
ployed on second-shift operations ; third-shift op­
erations accounted for about a tenth of the
workers in both branches of the industry. Ap­
proximately seven-eighths of the workers on sec­
ond-shift operations received 4 cents per hour in
addition to rates paid for similar work on day
shifts, and about nine-tenths of the third or other
late-shift workers received 6 cents per hour.
Vacation pay was provided by mines employing
more than five-sixths of the workers in under­
ground mines and three-fourths of those in surface
mines. The payment under the TJMWA contract
was $200 for workers with 1 year of service or
more. Provisions for paid holidays were virtu­
ally nonexistent in the industry.
Hospital and medical care, benefits to widows
and orphans, and retirement pensions were among
the benefits provided by the UMWA Welfare and
Retirement Fund at the time of the study. Non­
union mines most generally did not provide health,
insurance, and pension benefits.
—F rederick L. B auer
Division of Occuptional Pay

EARNINGS OF COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS

Earnings of Communications
Workers in 1962
of the 631,205 employees (excluding
officials and managerial assistants) of the Nation’s
principal communications carriers averaged $2.77
an hour in late 1962.1 This represents an increase
of 4.1 percent from the 1961 average and 123 per­
cent since October 1947, when the first annual
study of communications workers’ earnings was
made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in coop­
eration with the Federal Communications Com­
mission. In December 1962, scheduled compensa­
tion 2 of employees of class A telephone carriers,
accounting for 94 percent of the total work force
covered by the study, averaged $2.78 an hour, com­
pared with $2.67 a year earlier. Straight-time
hourly rates of pay for the nonmessenger em­
ployees of Western Union’s wire-telegraph op­
erations averaged $2.63 in October 1962, a 4.4percent increase above the 1961 level ($2.52).
Iladiotelepgraph and ocean-cable carriers employ­
ees earned $3.13 and $2.94 and hour, respectively.
E a r n in g s

Class A Telephone Carriers
Earnings of the 596,327 employees of the 58
class A telephone carriers covered by the study
averaged $2.78 an hour in December 1962 (table 1).
Based on regular scheduled compensation,
which includes the basic pay rate plus any regu­
larly scheduled supplementary compensation such
as differentials for evening and night work, in­
dividual earnings of these workers were widely
dispersed. The middle half of the workers earned
between $1.94 and $3.30 an hour. This dispersion
was due to a variety of factors, including the great
diversity of skills and responsibilites required in
the industry, pay differences among regions, and
the widespread practice of providing a range of
rates for workers in a given job and locality. Fre­
quently, the top rate was as much as 100 percent
above the beginning rate for workers in the same
company and job, with advancement through the
various progression steps based on the employee’s
length of service with the company. Thus, for
linemen, the highest rate for incumbents exceeded
the lowest by more than $1 in 37 of the carriers.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1157
Average hourly earnings among the occupa­
tional groups for which separate data were re­
ported ranged from $1.61 for trainee telephone
operators to $5.10 for professional and semiprofes­
sional employees. Experienced switchboard op­
erators, comprising one-fifth of the total employ­
ment, and nearly all women, averaged $1.98 an
hour. Nonsupervisory clerical employees (112,315
women and 8,300 men) averaged $2.13 an hour.
Average hourly earnings for occupations largely
staffed by men were $2.76 for linemen, $3.04 for
central office repairmen, $3.13 for testboard men
and repeatermen, $3.14 for PB X and station in­
stallers, $3.17 for cable splicers, and $3.25 for ex­
change repairmen.
By region, average earnings for all telephone
employees included in the study ranged from $2.44
in the Southeast to $2.97 in the Middle Atlantic
region. Average hourly earnings for the selected
occupational groups shown in table 1 were not
consistently highest or lowest in any one region.
Significant regional variations in occupational
wage relationships may be noted. For example,
nonsupervisory clerical employees averaged 2 to 8
percent more than experienced switchboard op­
erators in eight of the nine regions, they averaged
17 percent more in the Southeast. Earnings of
central office repairmen exceeded those of exper­
ienced sw itc h b o a rd operators by 45 to 56 percent
1 Based on annual reports filed with the Federal Communica­
tions Commission (FCC) by carriers engaged in interstate or for­
eign communications by means of their own facilities or through
connections with the facilities of another carrier under direct
or indirect common control. The reports do not include radio­
telegraph and ocean-cable carriers with annual operating revenues
below $50,000 or telephone carriers with annual operating rev­
enues below $250,000. A more comprehensive account of the
study will be published in a forthcoming BLS Bulletin. It is
estimated that this study covered nearly nine-tenths of the work­
ers in the telephone communications industry in December 1962
and over nine-tenths of the workers in the telegraph communica­
tions industry in October 1962.
Prior to 1961, information on employee earnings included in
these reports related to an October payroll period for all carriers.
Effective in 1961, the reference date for class A telephone carriers
was changed to December. For a summary of communications
workers’ earnings in late 1961, see Monthly Labor Review, October
1962, pp. 1125-1129.
2 The earnings data contained in this summary, which pertain
to all workers except oflicials and managerial assistants, were
computed by dividing scheduled weekly compensation by sched­
uled weekly hours. “Scheduled weekly compensation,” as defined
by the FCC, includes the “basic weekly pay rate plus any regu­
larly scheduled supplementary compensation, such as differentials
for evening and night tours. . . . excludes pay for overtime work
and pay in excess of weekday rates for Sunday and holiday
work.” Scheduled weekly compensation of Western Union Tele­
graph Co. employees excludes premium pay for overtime and for
work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.

1158

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

in six regions, 58 percent in the South Central, 71
percent in the Southeast, and 74 percent in the
North Central region. The wage advantage of
PBX and station installers over the experienced
operators amounted to 45 percent in the Pacific
region and more than 50 percent in all other re­
gions permitting comparisons, except the South­
east where the difference was 26 percent. In the
Southeast region, all workers classified as PBX
and station installers were in non-Bell companies
(in this region, Bell System PBX and station in­
stallers were also required to repair the equipment
and were thus classified differently), whereas, Bell
System companies accounted for the large ma­
jority of experienced switchboard operators.
Employees of the Bell System companies, ac­
counting for 96 percent of the class A telephone
carrier employment, averaged $2.81 an hour—66
cents more than employees of other companies.
For each of the occupational groups studied sepa­
rately, average hourly earnings of Bell System em­
ployees were higher than those of the other com­
panies. Average scheduled workweeks of Bell and
non-Bell system employees were 38.2 and 39.9
hours, respectively.
Total employment of class A telephone carriers
declined from a peak of 681,600 in 1957 to 596,300
in December 1962. Much of the decrease came
from a decline of 68,500 (to 167,200) in the num­
ber of telephone operators, caused chiefly by instal­
lation of new and improved equipment. The fol­
lowing tabulation reveals that, in 1947, telephone
operators exceeded construction, installation, and
maintenance employees by a ratio of 2 to 1. By
1962, construction, installation, and maintenance
employees constituted a slightly larger proportion
than telephone operators.
P e rc en t o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t in —

Telephone operators_____________
Clerical employees, nonsupervisory------ ------------------- ------------Construction, installation, and
maintenance employees________
Other__________________________
All employees, except officials and
managerial
assistants
(thou­
sands)________________________
N

ote :

Oct.
1947

195a

Oct.
1957

D ec.
1961

46

43

35

29

28

16

18

19

20

20

23
15

23
16

27
19

22

29

29

552.7

610.6

681.6

599.1

596.3

Oct.

D ec.
1962

22

Because of rounding, sum s of in d ivid u al item s m ay n ot eq u al 100.

Between 1947 and 1962, changes in the occupa­
tional composition of the telephone labor force


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

have increased the proportion of men in the in­
dustry from about 33 to 44 percent. It is esti­
mated that these changes were responsible for 30
cents of the $1.52 increase in average hourly earn­
ings between October 1947 and December 1962.3
Average hourly earnings for all employees of
class A telephone carriers increased by 121 per­
cent between October 1947 and December 1962 and
by 4.1 percent during the past year. Increases in
earnings between 1947 and 1962 varied among the
occupational groups. For example, earnings of
nonsupervisory clerical employees increased 88
percent, compared with 134 percent for linemen.
Differences in earnings among regions have re­
mained generally unchanged since 1951, the first
year regional earnings were tabulated.
Western Union Telegraph Co.
Straight-time rates of pay (exclusive of pre­
mium pay for overtime and work on weekends,
holidays, and late shifts) for the 25,146 nonmes­
senger employees of Western Union’s wire-tele­
graph operations averaged $2.63 an hour in Oc­
tober 1962 (table 2)—11 cents (4.4 percent) above
the 1961 average.4
Men accounted for 56 percent of the nomnessenger employees and virtually all of the messen­
gers in October 1962. Among the nonmessenger
employees, men were found predominantly in the
following occupationtal groups: Professional
and semiprofessional employees, telegraph office
3 Weighting occupational averages for December 1962 by occu­
pational employment for October 1947 results in an average of
$2.48 instead of $2.78.
4 Much of this increase was the result of general wage increases
included in the terms of agreements negotiated with the Commer­
cial Telegraphers’ Union (AFL-CIO) and the American Communi­
cations Association (Ind.) in 1962. Effective June 1, 1962, all
hourly rated employees (except nonmotor messengers) received a
4-cent-an-hour increase and all monthly rated employees received
a $6-per-month increase ; an additional sum, equivalent to about
3 cents an hour for nonmessenger employees, was used for adjust­
ing rates of pay of certain employees, principally in the Plant
Department, because of higher skills required in their classifica­
tions. Nonmotor messengers with 24 months or more progression
credit received a 4-cent-an-hour increase effective Sept. 1, 1962.
Under the terms of the 1962 agreements, effective June 1, 1963, all
hourly rated employees (except nonmotor messengers) are sched­
uled to receive an additional increase of 7 cents an hour, and all
monthly rated employees, an additional increase of $11 per
month ; these increases, of course, are not reflected in the earnings
data in this article. Contracts with CTU apply in all cities, ex­
cept the New York City metropolitan area, and cover approxi­
mately 22,000 employees ; about 4,100 employees in the New York
area are represented by ACA.

EARNINGS OF COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS
T a b l e 1.

1159

C la ss A T e l e p h o n e C a r r ie r s : 1 A v e r a g e H o u r l y E a r n in g s 2 o f E m p l o y e e s in S e l e c t e d O c c u p a t io n s ;
b y R e g i o n , 3 D e c e m b e r 1962

United States <

Occupational group

Workers

Earn­
ings 2

New England
Workers

Earn­
ings 2

Middle Atlantic
Workers

Earn­
ings 2

Great Lakes
Workers

Earn­
ings 2

Chesapeake
Workers

Earn­
ings 2

All employees except officials and managerial
assistants_____________________________

596,327

$2. 78

44, 759

$2. 77

125,581

$2. 97

103,421

$2. 85

32,398

$2.70

Cable splicers................. ............................................
Cable splicers’ helpers.................................................
Central office repairm en............... ............................
Clerical employees, nonsupervisory...........................
Exchange repairmen________________ _________
Experienced switchboard operators............ ......... . .
Linemen_________ ________ _________ _____
Mechanics, building and motor-vehicle service___
PBX and station installers____________________
Test-board men and repeatermen_______ _______

15,411
2,149
37.123
120.615
13.349
119. 412
13,448
3,249
25,834
16, 392

$3.17
2. 09
3.04
2.13
3. 25
1. 98
2. 76
2. 95
3.14
3.13

1,237
258
2,346
9,109
378
9, 524
869
219
369
668

$3. 23
2. 04
3. 06
2. 08
3. 37
2. 00
2. 83
2. 78
3. 27
3. 30

2,937
566
8,341
27,690
3.813
23.805
2, 687
953
8,708
1,569

$3. 34
2.13
3.17
2.20
3. 31
2.15
2. 98
3.01
3. 25
3. 41

2,755
258
6,426
20.065
3.998
20,692
2, 296
681
6,588
1,763

$3. 23
2. 21
3.13
2.18
3. 24
2. 03
2. 92
3. 08
3.20
3. 24

961
117
1,840
6,060
417
7,207
838
178
562
380

$3.20
1. 96
2.99
2.08
3. 31
1. 92
2. 64
2 73
2. 90
3. 29

Southeast
All employees except officials and managerial
assistants_______________________ _____
Cable splicers_______________________________
Cable splicers’ helpers_________________ ..
Central office repairmen___ _ ________________
Clerical employees, nonsupervisory_________ ____
Exchange repairmen......... ........... ............. ............
Experienced switchboard operators...........................
Linemen__________ _____ ___ _______ _ . . .
Mechanics, buildine and motor-vehicle service
PB X and station installers____________________
Test-board men and repeatermen______ ________

North Central

South Central

$2.44

22,117

$2. 55

55, 384

$2. 50

26,196

$2. 54

85,920

$2. 91

2,128
237
3,673
12,315

$3. 04
1.92
2. 92
2. 00

15, 752
1,459
448
123
1,452

1. 71
2. 51
2.72
2.15
3. 07

616
2
747
4,177
10
4,720
584
68
15
376

$2.97
(s)
3. 12
1.88
(5)
1.79
2.44
2.82
(5)
3.13

1,221
491
3, 222
9.941
1,671
14. 347
2,019
117
3, 350
1,618

$3. 06
2. 12
3. 01
2. 02
3. 22
1. 91
2. 64
3. 16
3 09
3.15

684
32
1,389
5,373
331
4,638
780
59
749
551

$2.93
2. 13
2. 83
1.92
3.03
1.88
2. 47
2.54
2. 90
3. 09

2,331
35
5.302
18, 706
2.661
13, 902
1,510
459
5,013
3, 232

$3. 23
2. 56
3.05
2.22
3. 20
2.10
2.92
3. 11
3. 05
3. 20

1
3

2.

Pacific

66,811

■Covers telephone carriers with annual operating revenues exceeding
$250,000.
Average hourly earnings were computed by dividing total scheduled
weekly compensation by total scheduled weekly hours.
The regions include: N e w E n g la n d —Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
N ew Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; M id d le A tla n tic —Delaware,
N ew Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; G reat Calces—Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Chesapeake— District of Columbia, Mary­
land, Virginia, and West Virginia; So u t heast— Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,

T able

Mountain

and Tennessee; N o rth C en tra l— I o w a , Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; South C en tra l— Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma,
and Texas (except El Paso County); M o u n ta in —Arizona, Colorado, Idaho
(south of Salmon River), Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas (El Paso
County), Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—California, Idaho (north of
Salmon River), Oregon, and Washington.
* Figures include long-lines employees and class A telephone carrier em­
ployees in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Alaska had no class A telephone carriers
reporting to the Federal Communications Commission.
Insufficient data to warrant presentation of an average.

6

W e s t e r n U n i o n T e l e g r a p h C o.: P e r c e n t a g e D i s t r i b u t i o n o f W i r e - T e l e g r a p h E m p l o y e e s , 1 b y
S t r a i g h t - T i m e A v e r a g e H o u r l y E a r n i n g s ,2 S e l e c t e d O c c u p a t i o n s , O c t o b e r 1962

Average hourly earnings 2

All
Clerical
employees, employees,
except
nonsuper­
messengers3 visory

$1.15 and under $1 .3 0 ................
$1.30 and under $1.50 ...............
$1.50 and under $1.70. .............
$1.70 and under $1.90_________
$1.90 and under $2.10. ______
$2.10 and under $2.30. ______
$2.30 and under $2.50_________
$2.50 and under $2.70. ______
$2.70 and under $2.90. ______
$2.90 and under $ 3,10................
$3.10 and under $3.30.................
$3.30 and under $3.50................
$3.50 and under $3.70____ ____
$3.70 and over_______________
Total....................................
Number of workers_____ ____
Average hourly earnings 2____

1

1.2

5.8
9.4
26.5
12.4

11.8
7. 1
5.4
.1

8
2.8
1.4
8.0
100.0
25,146
$2.63

1.0
8.0

13.5
30.7

20.2
9.8
6.1
3.1
3.5

Experienced telegraph
operators (except
Morse)
Commer­
cial de­
partment

4.5
19.0
27.4
40.7

8.1
.2
.1

Traffic
depart­
ment

0.1

5.5
6.7
82.5
5.2
.1

15.0
19.7
17.3
4.7

0.1
12.8
86.8

3.9

.8
12.6

1.8
.8

0.6

.3
11.5
7.9
33.6
5.7
24.4
16.5

26.0

.4

0.3
3.5
3.6
13.5
13.9

98.1
19

9.1
6.5
79. 5
4.3

Messen­
gers,
motor

67
6.2

23.2
62.2
11.7

22.2
41.9
1.1

1.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5, 377
$2. 36

2,253
$2.06

1.900
$2.23

127
$2. 41

721
$2.73

234
$2.37

1,493
$2.93

1,475
$2.20

3,130
$1.18

1,428
$1.93

Includes employees working in the conterminous 48 States and the
District of Columbia; the company does not operate in Alaska or Hawaii.
D ata for ocean-cable employees of the company are incorporated in table 4.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Linemen
Messen­
Laborers and cable- Morse op­ Subscribers’
gers, foot
Tele­
men
erators
equipment
phone
and
maintainers operators bicycle

2
3

Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
Excludes officials and managerial assistants.
N ote; Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1160
superintendents and managers, and construction,
installation, and maintenance employees. Women
accounted for a large proportion of the clerical
employees and telegraph operators.
For many of the nonmessenger occupational cat­
egories studied, the hourly rates of the highest
paid employees exceeded those of the lowest paid
by more than $1. Wage provisions contained in
agreements with both the Commercial Telegra­
phers’ Union and the American Communications
Association ( Ind.) include established rate ranges
for specific occupations, with differences between
the starting and maximum rates amounting to
more than 60 cents an hour for some classifica­
tions.5 In some jobs, however, individual rates
were closely grouped. For example, the hourly
rates of over three-fourths of the experienced tele­
graph operators (except Morse operators) in the
traffic department. Morse operators, and tele­
phone operators were within 20-cent ranges.
The 4,558 messengers, nearly all males and con­
stituting about 15 percent of the company’s wiretelegraph work force, included 3,156 full-time and
1,402 part-time employees. Full-time messengers
averaged $1.51 an hour and worked an average of
39 hours a week at the time of the study, compared
with $1.19 an hour for part-time messengers who
averaged 18 hours a week. In October 1962, foot
and bicycle messengers averaged $1.18 an hour, the
same as a year earlier. Motor messengers averaged
$1.93, 4 cents more than in 1961.
T a b l e 3.

Total employment of Western Union’s wiretelegraph operations in October 1962 was 4% per­
cent below October 1961 and 44 percent below
October 1947 employment. The occupational com­
position of the work force changed considerably in
the last 15 years. For example, the proportion of
workers classified as telegraph operators declined
from 34 percent in 1947 to 25 percent in 1962;
similarly, the proportion classified as foot and
bicycle messengers declined from 18 to 11 percent.
On the other hand, the proportions of construction,
installation, and maintenance workers and nonsupervisory clerical employees have increased dur­
ing this period. These changes in the occupational
composition of the nonmessenger work force ac­
count for 18 cents of the $1.58 increase in average
hourly rates of pay between 1947 and 1962.®
Radiotelegraph Carriers
The 3,805 employees of the five principal com­
panies engaged in transmitting nonvocal radio
communications averaged $3.13 an hour in Octo­
ber 1962—an increase of 5.4 percent since October
6
Advancement from the starting rate through the various
progression steps to the maximum rate is automatic for employees
meeting the requirements of the job after specified periods of
service. Vor additional information on the company’s wage
structure, see Industry Wage Survey: Communications, October
1960 (BLS Bulletin 1306, 1961), p. 6.
* Weighting current occupational averages by occupational em­
ployment for October 1947 results in an average of $2.45 instead
of $2,613 for nonmessenger employees.

P r in c ip a l R a d io t e l e g r a p h C a r r ie r s :1 P e r c e n t a g e D is t r ib u t io n o f E m p l o y e e s ,
E a r n in g s , 2 S e l e c t e d O c c u p a t io n s , O c t o b e r 1962

Average hourly earnings

$1.15 and under $1.30-----$1.30 and under $1.50-----$1.50 and under $1.70.........
$1.70 and under $1.90.........
$1.90 and under $2.10-----$2.10 and under $2.30.........
$2.30 and under $2.50-----$2.50 and under $2.70-----$2.70 and under $2.90-----$2.90 and under $3.10-----$3.10 and under $3.30-----$3.30 and under $3.50-----$3.50 and under $3.70-----$3.70 and over.....................
T otal..........................
Number of workers______
Average hourly earnings 3

Marine coastal
Clerical
All employees,
station
employees,
except officials
operators
and managerial nonsupervisory
assistants 3
7.4

1.6
2.1
2.5
3.6
4.8
5.0
6.9

0.9
1.3
8.7
11.3

8.2
9.5
12.8


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Messengers,
foot and
bicycle

Radio
operating
technicians

A v er a g e H ourly

Radio
operators

70.7
13.5
15.1

0.6

.8

0.3
.3
7.4
10.4

1.4

Teletypemultiplex
operators

1.1

7.6
3.6
6.5
9.4

0.7
1.4
3.5
3.5

2.7

11.1

13.7
12.4
17.6

25.4

3.8
2.9

3 6
4.3
23 2
16.7
32.6
2.9
15.2

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

3,805
$3.13

956
$2.65

138
$3. 31

299
$3.41

392
$1.30

278
$3.55

141
$3.50

476
$2.83

8.1
8.1
6.7
11.6
6.2

8.9
13.2
8.5

10.1

i Covers radiotelegraph carriers with annual operating revenues exceeding
$50,000.
See footnote 2, table 1.

3

Mechanics and
maintenance
technicians

by

10.0

3

5.4
10.7
17.4
38.1

10.8

6.5
54.7

19.9
59.6
11.3

8.2

6.3
27.3

Excludes employees of radiotelegraph carriers outside the conterminous
48 States and the District of Columbia.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.

EARNINGS OF COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS
T a b l e 4.
cen ta g e
H ourly

1161

P r in c ip a l O c e a n -C a b l e C a r r ie r s : 1 P e r ­
D is t r ib u t io n o f E m p l o y e e s , b y A v e r a g e
E a r n in g s ,2 S e l e c t e d O c c u p a t io n s , O c t o b e r

1962

Average hourly
earnings 2

$1.15 and
$1.30 and
$1.50 and
$1.70 and
$1.90 and
$2.10 and
$2.30 and
$2.50 and
$2.70 and
$2.90 and
$3.10 and
$3.30 and
$3.50 and
$3.70 and

under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
over

All
employees, Cable
except offi­ oper­
ators
cials and
managerial
assistants3

$1.30..
$1.50
$1.70
$1.90
$2.10 .
$2.30
$2.50
$2.70
$2.90
$3.10..
$3.30
$3.50
$3.70

Total____
Number of workers___
Average hourly earnings 2„
. ----------

7.2
3.2
.9

2.6
3.5
7.6

6.8
10.2

10.7
10.4
9.4

8.0

10.2

37.3
52. 5

3.5
16.0

100.0 100.0

Clerical
employ­ Messen­
ees, non- gers, foot
superand
visory
bicycle

1.9
5.6
7.9
11.7
9.0
13.6
16.3
17.2

65.6
29.1
1.3
3.3
.7

10.0

Tele­
type
multi­
plex
oper­
ators

1.7
10.4
7.0
42.6
24.3
13.9

1.3
2.3
3.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

1,369

59

478

151

115

$2.94

$3.27

$2. 69

$1.28

$2.62

1 Covers ocean-cable carriers with annual operating revenues exceeding
$50,000; includes ocean-cable employees of Western Union Telegraph Co.
2 See footnote 2, table 1.
2 Excludes employees of ocean-cable carriers outside the conterminous 48
States and the District of Columbia.
N ote : Because of rounding, sum s of in d ivid u al item s m a y n ot equal 100.

1961 ($2,97). Men, accounting for approximately
seven-eighths of radiotelegraph employees, were
predominant in all of the major occupational
groups studied. Between 1961 and 1962, average
hourly earnings for all job categories presented in
table 3, except foot and bicycle messengers, in­
creased by 11 to 15 cents; the increase for foot
and bicycle messengers was 5 cents.
Radiotelegraph employee earnings were widely
dispersed, with the middle half of the workers


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

earning between $2.42 and $3.70. Earnings rose
122 percent since October 1947 ($1.41). Since Oc­
tober 1947, percentage increase in average earn­
ings varied among occupational groups. Thus,
marine coastal station operators’ earnings rose by
86 percent, compared with an increase of 121 per­
cent for teletype-multiplex operators.
Employment of radiotelegraph carriers in Octo­
ber 1962 was 24 percent below the level recorded
in October 1947, and since 1961, the number of
workers has decreased approximately 4% percent.
Ocean-Cable Carriers
Earnings of the 1,369 employees of the three
ocean-cable carriers covered by the study averaged
$2.94 an hour in October 1962—5 percent above
the 1961 level ($2.79), and 96 percent above the
1947 average ($1.50). Employment remained ap­
proximately at the 1961 level but was 7 percent
below the number of workers recorded in 1947.
Men, accounting for 85 percent of ocean-cable em­
ployment, were predominant in all of the occupa­
tional categories studied separately.
Table 4 presents average hourly earnings for
selected occupational categories which accounted
for three-fifths of the total ocean-cable employ­
ment. Since October 1961, average hourly earn­
ings increased from 7 to 14 cents, except for foot
and bicycle messengers. This group remained at
the same level as in 1961 ($1.28).
— J oseph C. B u s h
Division of Occupational Pay

1162

D igest of 1961 State Reports
on Vocational Education
almost 4 million persons were enrolled in
vocational education classes financed jointly by
Federal and State and local funds under authori­
zation of Federal vocational education laws, ac­
cording to the Digest of Annual Reports of State
Boards for Vocational Education for the fiscal
year 1961.1 High school youth accounted for 48
percent of the total enrollment of 3,855,564.
A little more than two-fifths of all students were
enrolled in home economics, one-fifth were in agri­
culture, and one-fourth in trades and industry
(table 1). The remainder were in classes for dis­
tributive occupations, practical nursing, and
technicians. Twenty years earlier, when total en­
rollment was 2.4 million, agricultural education
took about one-fourth of the students, home eco­
nomics and trades and industry roughly one-third
each, and distributive education the remainder.
(The practical nursing and technician programs
did not begin until the late 1950’s.)
From 1955 through 1961, Federal expenditures
for vocational education increased from $30.4 mil­
lion to $48.0 million (58 percent) ; during the pre­
vious 7 years, funds had fluctuated between $25
and $27 million. State and local expenditures, on
the other hand, increased year by year from $77.1
million in 1948 to $206.1 million. Comparisons
of the expenditures for each type of program re­
veal that 28.6 percent of the $254 million spent
for vocational education in 1961 went to home
economics; but of the Federal contribution, only 19
percent was spent on home economics. (See table
2.) On the other hand, Federal expenditures for
the new practical nursing and technician pro­
grams constituted 7.3 and 16.4 percent, respec­
tively, of total Federal expenditures, while State,
local, and Federal expenses for these two programs
amounted to 2.9 and 7.2 percent of total vocational
education funds. Some of the trends and prob­
lems revealed by the state reports are summarized
in the following discussion.
I n 1961,

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

products all demonstrate the need for technical
workers to continue their education. The Na­
tional Defense Education Act of September 2,
1958, provided funds to train technicians to meet
defense needs and by 1961, nearly 123,000 persons
were enrolled in courses covered by the act. This
was a 21-percent increase over 1960, when, accord­
ing to a rough estimate, there were about 775,000
technicians working with engineers and scientists.
Almost a third of the students were in California,
and most were men, as was the case in the other
States.
In 1961, approximately 39,200 persons were en­
rolled in preparatory programs and 83,700 in ex­
tension courses. (Those attending extension
classes already have the minimum qualifications
for a job, while preparatory students are seeking to
acquire such qualifications.) In the preparatory
programs, 69 percent of the students were attend­
ing 2-year post-high school courses.
Electronics took 49 percent of the total enroll­
ment and mechanical programs, including draft­
ing and designing, 24 percent.
About 300 students were enrolled in preparatory
programs in data processing and computer pro­
gramming and 5,700 were enrolled in extension
work in this field. Significant numbers of stu­
dents also took chemical, electrical, and production
courses.
Training is being made available to individuals
for employment as highly skilled technicians
through the development of programs in areas
larger than the usual school district. An increas­
ing number of States have enacted legislation for
area vocational education. Some provide for
establishing State or area technical institutes and
community or junior colleges. In 1961, twm States
reported new legislation designating junior col­
leges as area schools and six States reported
changes in existing laws designed to stimulate area
vocational education. Funds for establishing tech­
nical institutes were provided by a number of
legislatures, while in other States, funds were ap­
proved to speed up construction of such schools.
One State plans to spend $120 million over the

Instruction Programs
Technician Training. The demand for techni­
cians requires that we train youth in technician oc­
cupations ; new materials, new processes, and new


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1

U .S . Office o f E d u cation , 1963. T h e D i g e s t covers program s
au th orized by th e S m ith -H u gh es A ct of 1917, th e V ocation al E du­
ca tio n A ct o f 1946 (th e G eorge-Barden A c t), and the N ation al
D e fe n se A ct o f 1958. I t does n o t cover tr a in in g u n der th e A rea
R edevelop m ent A ct, w h ich becam e la w on M ay 1, 1961.

1961 STATE REPORTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
T a b l e 1.
N u m b e r a n d P e r c e n t o f E n r o l l e e s in
F ederally
R e im b u r s e d
V o c a t io n a l
E d u c a t io n
P r o g r a m s , Y e a r E n d i n g J u n e 30, 1961
All programs

Preparatory
programs

Type of
instruction
Enroll­
ment
All categories. 3,855,564
Agriculture_____
805,322
Trades and indus963,609
tries.....................
Home economics. 1,610,334
Distributive occupations...............
306,083
Practical nursing.
47,264
122,952
Technician______

Extension
programs

Per­
cent

Enroll­
ment

Per­
cent

Enroll­
ment

100.0

1,861,710

100.0

1,922,854

Per­
cent

100.0

20.9

462,756

24.8

342,566

17.2

25.0
41.8

307,344
981,109

16.5
52.7

656,265
629,225

32.9
31.6

7.9

43,179
29,098
39,224

2.3

262,904
18,166
83,728

13.2
.9
4.2

1.2

3.2

1.6
2.1

next 10 years to develop a system of area voca­
tional schools.
Over seven-tenths of the 620 institutions offer­
ing technician programs in 1961 were comprehen­
sive high schools, vocational or trade high schools,
or community or junior colleges. There were also
66 combined vocational-technical schools and 49
straight technical schools conducting such
programs.
Trade and Industrial Education. Adult courses
continue to receive the major emphasis in the trade
and industrial education program of most States.
Of the 964,000 students, 524,000 attended evening
school; only 40,000 of these were women. The
Digest reports that although over the years much
more effort has been spent in teacher education for
full-time day instructors than for part-time and
evening extension teachers who are responsible for
the greater portion of the total enrollment in trade
and industrial education programs, increased at­
tention is now being given to training for evening
instructors.
In 1961, 65,000 girls were enrolled in trade and
industrial education classes during the day. The
Digest reports that an increasing number of girls
and women is being trained in a wide range of
service occupations, including beauty culture, com­
mercial foods, school lunch work, and institutional
service. Employment opportunities for skilled
assistance personnel in the medical and dental
fields are stimulating the organization of many
new programs for girls and women on both secBSee Education for a Changing World of Work (U.S. Office of
Education, 1963).

706-442—63-

3


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1163
ondary and post-high school levels. Female en­
rollment in supervisory training programs con­
tinues to show a marked increase, a rather recent
development.
Of the 439,000 full-time and part-time day stu­
dents, 132,000 were apprentices, who received some
or all of the classroom portion of their training
through the trade and industrial education pro­
gram. Apprentice-related training at school has
been under severe physical limitations. The re­
port of a panel of consultants for vocational edu­
cation 2 states that adequate classroom space and
appropriate instructional equipment and materials
have not been available for many types of courses
and that these inadequacies have caused some pro­
grams to be removed from the public schools. I t
also says that craftsmen used as teachers for re­
lated training and skill training of both appren­
tices and journeymen have not been afforded ade­
quate opportunities to learn modern instruction
methods.
Distributive Education. With more workers now
employed in service industries than in production
industries, there is increasing demand for distribu­
tive education which provides a broad and varied
education program for these workers. The dis­
tributive program began in 1938 with 36,000 stu­
dents; in 1961, there were 306,000 students, 86 perT a b l e 2. E x p e n d it u r e s f o r V o c a t io n a l E d u c a t io n ,
by S o u r c e o f F u n d s a n d T y p e o f P r o g r a m , Y e a r
E n d in g J u n e 30, 1961
[Amount in thousands]

Type of program

Total
Amount

Total___________________
Agriculture....................................
Distributive occupations...............
Home economics_______________
Trades and industry___________
Practical nursing______________
Technician programs___________

Federal

Percent

Amount

Percent

$254,073

100.0

$48,010

100.0

$69,607
10, 593
72,622
75, 396
7,450
18,406

27.4
4.2
28.6
29.7
2.9
7.2

$13, 669
2,557
8,938
11,436
3, 497
7,913

28.5
5.3
18.6
23.8
7.3
16.5

State
Amount

Local

Percent

Amount

Percent

Total........................................

$89,155

100.0

$116,909

100.0

Agriculture______ ___________
Distributive occupations_______
Home economics_______________
Trades and industry___________
P ra c tic a l rm rsin g
. .
Technician programs____ ______

$25,861
3, 697
27, 745
25,834
1,869
4,148

29.0
4.2
31.1
29.0

$30,077
4, 339
35,940
38,125
2. 084
,345

25.7
3.7
30.7
32.6

2.1

4.6

6

1.8

5.4

N o t e : Because of rounding, sum s of in d iv id u a l item s m ay n o t equal totals.

1164
cent of whom were in extension courses.3 The rest
were in part-time cooperative classes, either as part
of their high school curriculum or as post-high
school students. A little more than half of the
students were men. Emphasis in the high school
cooperative programs is on the economics of dis­
tribution, management, salesmanship, and career
training.
Home Economics. The Digest states the major
purposes of vocational education in home eco­
nomics as the preparation of students for home­
making responsibilities and activities necessary to
achieve family well-being and the aiding of family
members in developing and using human and ma­
terial resources more effectively. With the in­
creasing number of women employed outside the
home, home management problems are being felt
more keenly and home economics education helps
women prepare for the dual role of homemaker and
wage earner. The growing number of families
moving from rural to metropolitan areas has cre­
ated a special need for evaluating home economics
programs so that courses may contribute more to
helping such families cope with the changes in
family living practices which urban living de­
mands.
Home economics education, one of the original
programs under the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917,
has for many years enrolled more students than
other federally reimbursed vocational education
programs. In fiscal 1961, the enrollment of 1,610,000 students represented 41.8 percent of the
total vocational education enrollment. Sixty-one
percent attended regular day programs; the rest
were evening and part-time students.
Agriculture. In addition to training proficient
farmers, agricultural training now must provide
background and experience in farming to the in­
creasing number of persons who are engaged in
other agricultural occupations. There is also a
trend toward the farm management approach,
with more attention on managerial decisions.
In 1961, there were 805,000 persons (all men)
enrolled in agricultural courses, 463,000 were day
students, 73,000 were part-time, and 269,000 were
evening students.4 Texas accounted for 126,000
enrollments. North Carolina was next with 54,000.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

The only other States with as many as 40,000 en­
rollments were Georgia, Mississippi, and South
Carolina.
Practical Nurse Education. The number of en­
rollments in practical nursing and other health
occupations increased from 28,300 in 1956, the
first year of the program, to 62,200 (including
14,900 who are trained through the regular ex­
penditures of the trades and industrial program)
in 1961. The Digest reported that most States
were screening more qualified applicants than
could be admitted. One-third of those admitted
today are 20 years of age or younger. Threefifths of the students were in preparatory classes
in practical nursing and other health occupations;
the remainder were in extension classes.
Training Opportunities
In today’s vocational education system, home
economics students constitute higher proportion of
the total than they did 20 years ago, while there
has been a relative decline in the proportion en­
rolled in agriculture and trades and industry
classes. The report of the consultants on voca­
tional education reveals that if the number of
schools offering courses can be used as an index
of the availability of instruction, agriculture today
presents considerably more training opportunities,
than do trade and industrial occupations. There
were 9,823 schools offering agriculture in 1959-60;
trade and industrial education was offered in 2,138.
In the same period, home economics was taught
in 95 percent of all public secondary schools with
more than 100 pupils. Forty-nine percent of the
girls in these schools were enrolled in home eco­
nomics. Of those schools offering home economics,
40 percent offered vocational home economics.
Less than 10 percent of the high schools offer
trade and industrial education programs,5 but the
Digest notes an encouraging trend of one-trade
programs in small high schools giving way to area
vocation schools or centers where youth from
p P rogram s va ry from sh o rt in te n siv e cou rses to curricu lu m s ex­
te n d in g over 3 years, w ith stu d e n ts a tte n d in g 4 hou rs a week.
Ibid., p. 156.
4
T he v o c a tio n a l program fo r em ployed y o u th and a d u lts u su a lly
ta k es th e form o f c la sse s m eetin g a t le a s t 10 tim es a year. Ibid.,
p. 155,
Ibid., pp. 1 1 2 -1 2 0 .

6

1961 STATE REPORTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

several small communities may benefit from a
greater variety of trade offerings in well-equipped
facilities.
Recruitment and training of technical teachers
for full-time day programs continue to present a
major problem in the development of technician
education programs. In some States, it is very
difficult to attract competent personnel to the tech­
nician teaching field because of the differential be­
tween salaries in education and industry. In
many instances, industry has cooperated by mak­

1165
ing instructors available, and advisory committees
have assisted in recruiting qualified personnel.
However, the basic problem of providing adequate
salary scales remains to be solved. Agriculture
teachers are also needed. The problem of supply­
ing sufficient well-qualified teachers continues to
limit the size and number of practical nursing
programs.
— P h y l l is G room
Division of Publications

North Carolina’s system of vocational education envisions the maximum utiliza­
tion of human and natural resources. The chief institution in the system, aside from
the high school, is the Industrial Education Center, which is designed to prepare
people for the occupational needs of industry. The Industrial Education Center is
not a secondary school; it is primarily a postsecondary school. But it serves the
vocational training needs of the State’s people and industries at whatever level. In ­
deed, it is a part of the State’s program for industrial expansion.
A primary purpose of the center is to provide post-high school technicalvocational training for qualified high school graduates. An equally important purpose
is to provide needed training, based on occupational surveys, to employed or unem­
ployed adults and out-of-school youth who need to acquire skills or new skills or to
upgrade their present skills and knowledge in order to meet the demands of presentday industry. Much of this kind of training is for the unemployed and the under­
employed. A third purpose of the center is to offer preemployment training to
selected h ig h school sen io rs e n ro lle d in h ig h schools th a t do n o t p ro v id e su ch tra in in g .

This, of course, is a service of particular value to the smaller high schools. The center,
therefore, offers training opportunities in technical and trade skills, agricultural
technology, distributive education, health education, and homemaking for both men
and women.
The system of Industrial Education Centers in North Carolina is now 3 years
old. There are 20 centers in operation, and the number of students served had gone
from 18,000 in 1959-60 to 22,000 in 1960-61 to 30,000 in 1961-62. The ultimate intent
is to have these centers so strategically located as best to serve the needs of industry
on an area basis and, where possible, located within commuting distance of all eligible
trainees. With this in mind, extension units have been organized by several centers
in the larger areas. The extension units are administered and supervised by the
parent centers. There is always the possibility, however, that a unit may develop
into a center and come under its own jurisdiction. . . . No post-high school technical
training is done at the extension units; such training is done only at the centers
themselves. The units concentrate on training high school seniors and others in pre­
employment courses and on training unemployed and employed adults and out-ofschool youth in skills and new skills. They give particular attention to training for
the needs of new industry.
—Ivan E. Valentine, The Organization, Function, and Objectives of the Industrial Educa­
tion Centers of North Carolina in Education and Training for the World of Work: A
Vocational Education Program for the State of Michigan (Kalamazoo, Mich., W. E. Upjohn
Institute for Employment Research, 1963), p. 89.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1166

Report of President’s Commission
on the Status of Women
E ditor’s N ote.—This article presents excerpts

{with minor style modifications) from Amer­
ican Women, the unanimous report of the
Commission on the Status of Women pre­
sented to President John F. Kennedy on Oc­
tober 11, 1963. The excerpts are limited al­
most exclusively to passages which deal with
women as workers. The report is available
from the Superintendent of Documents at
$1.25. Reports of the findings of seven com­
mittees appointed by the Commission cover
education, home and comonunity services, pri­
vate employment, public employment, labor
standards, social insurance and taxes, and the
legal treatment of women in respect to civil
and political rights. In addition, a summary
of four ^ consultations''1 held under Commis sion auspices deals with private employment
opportunities, new patterns in volunteer work,
portrayal of women by the mass media, and
problems of Negro women. Single copies of
the committee reports and the report of the
consultations may be obtained from the Wo­
men’s Bureau of the Department of Labor.
W hen P resident J ohn F. K ennedy appointed

our Commission, lie said:
. . we have by no
means done enough to strengthen family life and
at the same time encourage women to make their
full contribution as citizens.” Greater develop­
ment of women’s potential and fuller use of their
present abilities can greatly enhance the quality
of American life. We have made recommenda­
tions to this end.
Education and Community Services
The Commission has given great weight to edu­
cational needs of mature women, but nothing it
can recommend to meet the special needs of women
is of greater importance than improvement in the
quality of early education available to all of the
Nation’s youth. But improvement in American
education as it has been in the past is not enough.
Its framework must be enlarged to include adult
education as an integral part of the structure.

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

The structure of adult education must be dras­
tically revised. It must provide practicable and
accessible opportunities, developed with regard
for the needs of women, to complete elementary
and secondary school and to continue education
beyond high school. Vocational training, adapted
to the Nation’s growing requirement for skilled
and highly educated manpower, should be in­
cluded at all of these educational levels. "Where
needed and appropriate, financial support should
be provided by local, State, and Federal govern­
ments and by private groups and foundations.
Skilled counseling is an essential part of edu­
cation. States and school districts should raise
their standards for State employment service
counselors and school guidance counselors. Insti­
tu tio n s offerin g co u n selin g ed u catio n should pro­
vide both course content and ample supervised ex­
perience in the counseling of females as well as
males, adults as well as adolescents.
Demands upon women in the economic world,
the community, and the home mean that women
often simultaneously carry on several different
kinds of activity. If the family is to continue to
be the core institution of society, as it has been for
many centuries, new and expanded community
services are necessary.
For the benefit of children, mothers, and so­
ciety, child care services shpuld be available for
children of families at all economic levels. Proper
standards of child care must be maintained,
whether services are in homes or in centers. Costs
should be met by fees scaled to parents’ ability to
pay, contributions from voluntary agencies, and
public appropriations.
Tax deductions for child care expenses of work­
ing mothers should be kept commensurate with
the median income of couples when both husband
and wife are engaged in substantial employment.
The present limitation on their joint income, above
which deductions are not allowable, should be
raised. Additional deductions, of lesser amounts,
should be allowed for children beyond the first.
The 11-year age limit for child care deductions
should be raised.
The reorganization of ordinary home mainte­
nance service is long overdue. Many of the women
employed in household work remain in it only
because they have no alternative. Household
workers have, historically, been low paid, without
standards of hours and working conditions, with-

REPORT OF COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN

out collective bargaining, without most of the pro­
tections accorded by legislation and accepted as
normal for other workers, and without means and
opportunity adequately to maintain their own
homes.
Few families can now afford to employ such
workers full time at decent wages, but many fam­
ilies can pay rates in line with modern labor stand­
ards for special services as they need them. Pri­
vately run placement organizations to market such
special services can operate to the mutual benefit
of employer and employee, and are doing so in
some communities. They can conduct training
programs and insure standards of job perform­
ance, and they can monitor conditions of work
and wages paid. The public employment offices
should review their treatment of household serv­
ice, encouraging the development of specialties
and conducting placement on that basis.
Private and Public Employment
Among the great majority of women, as among
the great majority of men, the motive for paid
employment is to earn money. For some, work
has additional—or even primary—value as selffulfillment.
Though women are represented in the highly
paid professions, in industry, in business, and in
government, most jobs that women hold are in
low-paid categories. The difference in occupa­
tional distribution of men and women is largely
responsible for the fact that in 1961, the earnings
of women working full time averaged only about
60 percent of those of men working full time. But
in various occupations where both sexes were em­
ployed, the levels of women’s earnings were like­
wise demonstrably lower than those of men.
The Commission attempted to gather informed
views as to the extent to which access to jobs, rates
of pay, and opportunities for training and ad­
vancement are based on the qualifications of the
women who apply for or hold them, and the ex­
tent to which discriminations are made against
them in these regards solely because they are
women.
The reasons given by employers for differential
treatment cover a considerable range. Frequently,
they say they prefer male employees because the
nonwage costs of employing women are higher.
They say that the employment pattern of younger


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1167

women is in and out of the labor force. They say
that women’s rates of sickness, absenteeism, and
turnover are higher than men’s; that the hiring
of married women introduces one more element
into the turnover rate because the residence of a
married couple is normally determined by the
occupation of the man. They say that though at­
tendance rates of older women are often better
than those of men, insurance and pensions for
older workers are expensive, and that compliance
with protective labor legislation applying to
women is sometimes disruptive of schedules. They
say that men object to working under women
supervisors.
Because many personnel officers believe that
women are less likely than men to want to make a
career in industry, equally well-prepared young
women are passed over in favor of men for posts
that lead into management training programs and
subsequent exercise of major executive responsi­
bility.
Various means of causing employers to con­
sider actualities rather than rely on conventional
assumptions were considered by the Commission.
At the request of the Commission, the U.S. Em­
ployment Service issued a directive to public em­
ployment offices in the States, instructing their
staffs to refer applicants on the basis of qualifica­
tions regardless of sex and requesting employers
using these offices to avoid job orders specifying
sex except where genuinely warranted.
Equal opportunity for women in hiring, train­
ing, and promotion should be the governing prin­
ciple in private employment. An Executive order
should state this principle and advance its applica­
tion to work done under Federal contracts.
The Commission estimates that no more than
20 percent of all women workers would be cov­
ered by an Executive order regarding Govern­
ment contracts. Action should be undertaken to
encourage employers who do not have Govern­
ment contracts to comply with the F ederal policy
of nondiscrimination.
Recognizing that merit is a well-established
principle in Federal employment policy, the Com­
mission sought to bring practice into closer ac­
cord with principle throughout the F ederal service,
civilian and military. Action on our recommen­
dations took place so rapidly during the life
of the Commission that our report becomes for

1168
the most part an account of progress already
achieved. [E ditor’s N ote.—Such actions were
described in “Progress of the Commission on the
Status of Women,” Monthly Labor Review, Feb­
ruary 1963, pp. 141-142. In addition, the Com­
mission’s report mentions the revision, in January
1963, of standards for State merit systems, in con­
nection with various grants-in-aid from the De­
partments of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Labor, and Defense, to prohibit discrimination on
the basis of any nonmerit factor.]
Many of the lowest paid jobs in industry and
the service occupations have historically been
filled by women; driven by economic necessity,
they have taken whatever jobs they could find
even though conditions were damaging to
health and family life. Little by little, first in
some of the States and then at the Federal
level, legislation has put floors under wages and
ceilings on hours. But such laws are far from
uniform from State to State and are still far
from adequate.
The Federal Fair Labor Standards Act, includ­
ing premium pay for overtime, should be extended
to employment subject to Federal jurisdiction but
now uncovered, such as work in hotels, motels,
restaurants, and laundries, in additional retail
establishments, in agriculture, and in nonprofit
organizations.
State legislation, applicable to both men and
women, should be enacted, or strengthened and
extended to all types of employment, to provide
minimum wage levels approximating the minimum
under Federal law and to require premium pay
at the rate of at least time and a half for overtime.
The normal workday and workweek at this
moment of history should be not more than 8
hours a day and 40 hours a week. The best way
to discourage excessive hours for all workers is
by broad and effective minimum wage coverage,
both Federal and State, providing overtime of
at least time and a half the regular rate for all
hours in excess of 8 a day or 40 a week.
Until such time as this goal is attained, State
legislation limiting maximum hours of work for
women should be maintained, strengthened, and
expanded. Provisions for flexibility under proper
safeguards should allow additional hours of work
when there is a demonstrated need. During this
interim period, efforts should continuously and


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

simultaneously be made to require premium rates
of pay for all hours in excess of 8 a day or 40 a
week.
Exemptions for executive, administrative, and
professional women should be carefully drawn
so as to insure against evasion of normally appli­
cable hour laws in the case of workers who gen­
uinely need their protection.
In 1919, the first equal pay laws in the States
were enacted; 24 States now require that women
who do the same or comparable work as men in
the same establishment be paid at the same rates.
A bill embodying this principle, signed by Presi­
dent Kennedy on June 10, amends the Fair Labor
Standards Act of 1938; it covers some 27.5 million
men and women. State laws should [universally]
establish the principle of equal pay for compara­
ble work.
The right of workers to organize and bargain
collectively has been established under Federal
law. In places of work solely under State juris­
diction, the difficulty of organizing women, es­
pecially those in low-paid work who are least able
to risk possible loss of earnings, is augmented
when employers are under no legal obligation to
bargain collectively or to refrain from antiunion
practices. State laws should protect the right of
all workers to join unions of their own choosing
and to bargain collectively.
Social Insurance
Because increases in general benefits under oldage, survivors, and disability insurance and un­
employment insurance would be applicable to the
entire population, the Commission did not con­
sider them. The improvements proposed are
limited to inequities directly affecting women.
A widow now becomes eligible at age 62 to re­
ceive a benefit equal to 82i/£ percent of her hus­
band’s primary benefit. An aged widow should
not have to live on less than her husband would
receive if he survived her. We are aware of the
cost of such a program—its full realization would
require an increase of 0.25 percent of taxable pay­
rolls—but this much additional basic security
would mitigate existing dependency.
Many single women who are primary workers
have relatives other than parents who are as de­
pendent on their earnings as wives and children

REPORT OF COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN

are on the earnings of husbands or fathers. Yet
on their death, parents alone are eligible for bene­
fits. A broader definition of dependents of single
workers, men and women alike, would meet a gen­
uine social need. The cost—in the neighborhood
of 0.01 percent of taxable payrolls—would not be
significant in relation to the gains it would bring.
Under the Federal-State system of unemploy­
ment insurance, all except one of the major groups
still left uncovered are substantially, if not pre­
dominantly, composed of women workers. The
coverage of the unemployment insurance system
should be extended. Small establishments and
nonprofit organizations should be covered now
through Federal action, and State and local gov­
ernment employees through State action. Prac­
ticable means of covering at least some household
workers and agricultural workers should be ac­
tively explored.
Statutory, administrative, and judicial limita­
tions have restricted the protection of women
against loss of income that this program was orig­
inally intended to cover. In this view, concen­
trated attention is given to preventing women
from drawing unemployment benefits on the
ground that they work sporadically without seri­
ously looking for continuous employment. We
believe that benefits should be afforded women on
the same basis as men, with adoption of realistic
measurements of attachment to the labor market
which would prevent benefit payments to persons
of either sex who seek work only sporadically.
In 36 States, disqualification of women from the
receipt of unemployment compensation for speci­
fied periods during pregnancy and maternity is
stipulated. Wide variations among types of jobs
and physical capacities of individuals suggest the
desirability of flexible means of determining the
period during which a woman is in fact unable to
work.
We believe that unemployment compensation
should be available to persons seeking work who
are temporarily jobless because of a family move,
but recommend that such compensation be drawn
from the general unemployment fund of the State
rather than charged against the account of the
former employer.
The general Federal system of social security
makes no provision for compensating a working


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1169

wife for loss of income due to childbearing.
Forty-six of the 50 States also ignore it. This is
one of the major remaining gaps in the protection
of workers against losses of income. Paid mater­
nity leave or comparable insurance benefits should
be provided for women workers; employers,
unions, and governments should explore the best
means of accomplishing this purpose.
Public Office
The low proportion of women in public office
reflects the low proportion of women prominent
in the private occupations that normally lead to
political activity and advancement. As more and
more women plan ahead for a career after their
children are grown, and apply themselves in ear­
lier years to a grassroots apprenticeship, the scale
of their political activity is likely to broaden.
Women should be encouraged to seek elective and
appointive posts at local, State, and national lev­
els and in all three branches of government.
Public office should be held according to ability,
experience, and effort, without special preferences
or discriminations based on sex. Increasing con­
sideration should continually be given to the ap­
pointment of women of demonstrated ability and
political sensitivity to policymaking positions.
Federal Program
To further the objectives proposed in this re­
port, an Executive order should:
1. Designate a Cabinet officer to be responsible
for assuring that the resources and activities of
the Federal Government bearing upon the Com­
mission’s recommendations are directed to carry­
ing them out, and for making periodic progress
reports to the President.
2. Designate the heads of other agencies in­
volved in those activities to serve, under the chair­
manship of the designated Cabinet officer, as an
interdepartmental committee to assure proper co­
ordination and action.
3. Establish a citizens committee, advisory to
the interdepartmental committee and with its sec­
retariat from the designated Cabinet officer, to
meet periodically to evaluate progress made, pro­
vide counsel, and serve as a means for suggesting
and stimulating action.

1170

Wage Chronology:
General Motors Corp.1
Supplement No. 5—1961-63
N egotiations in the automobile industry to replace
agreements scheduled to expire in August and
September 1961 began in late June and early July
of that year. General Motors Corp. and the United
Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Imple­
ment Workers of America (UAW )2 began their
discussion on June 28 with the presentation of
general bargaining objectives.3 The union’s pro­
posal (made separately to General Motors, Ford
Motor Co., Chrysler Corp., and American Motors
during July) was incorporated in a comprehensive
document outlining their demands. Among other
points, it noted that the 2.5-percent annual im­
provement factor was below “either the actualities
or potentialities of productivity advance in our
economy today.”
The union ultimately asked for continuation of
the 2.5-percent annual improvement factor and the
cost-of-living escalator clause, with incorporation
into base rates of 12- of the existing 17-cent-anhour allowance. Proposed changes in related wage
practices included liberalization of supplemental
unemployment benefits, higher separation pay­
ments, and a guaranteed workweek for hourly
workers through payment on a salary basis.
Broadened job opportunities were to be provided
through a shorter workweek, sabbatical leaves,
longer vacations, restrictions on overtime, and
earlier retirement. Many of the demands were
designed to raise the benefits provided by the wel­
fare programs. The union called for a broadened
and company-paid health insurance plan, higher
life and sickness and accident insurance benefits,
higher pensions periodically adjusted to the change
in the Consumer Price Index, and assumption by
the company of part of the cost of retirees’ in­
surance. The union also demanded more pro­
tection in the form of moving allowances, transfer
rights, etc., for workers affected by the corpora­
tion’s decisions to transfer operations or to open
and close plants.
On July 31, after more than a month of bar­
gaining that failed to produce satisfactory prog­
ress, the UAW and General Motors each served


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1983

notice of intention to terminate the contract upon
its expiration. Union members had voted previ­
ously to strike, if necessary, in support of their
demands.
General Motors, on August 22, proposed a 22point program to be embodied in a 3-year contract,4
and stipulated that the offer would expire along
with the contract at midnight on August 31, if
agreement was not reached by then. Economic
proposals of the company included continuation of
the existing annual improvement factor increases,
and incorporation of 12 cents of the existing 17cent-an-hour cost-of-living allowance into base
rates. The company proposed continuation of the
cost-of-living escalator clause, subject to review in
September of 1962 and 1963, with the adjustment
limited to 3 cents in the second year of the agree­
ment and a total of 6 cents over the life of the
agreement.
Other points in the company’s economic pro­
gram included a new short workweek benefit to
supplement pay when less than 36 hours were
worked in a week; an improved supplemental un­
employment benefit plan, including increased sep­
aration pay; a moving allowance provision for em­
ployees transferring to other company plants; an
improved vacation pay plan; increased life insur­
ance and pension benefits; and improved hospital
and medical expense benefits. The union rejected
the offer as “totally inadequate.”
On August 31, at the request of the Federal
Mediation and Conciliation Service, the parties
agreed to extend the contract to September 6.
Two days later, the union made a proposal that
included essentially its earlier demands, but added
a progress- or profit-sharing plan similar to the
1 See Monthly Labor Review, April 1951, pp. 405-406 ; August
1953, pp. 845-847 ; October 1955, pp. 1147-1151 ; and April 1961,
pp. 395-401 ; or BLS Report 185, 1961.
2 The UAW changed its name to the United Automobile, Aero­
space, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America on May
8, 1962.
3 The UAW’s bargaining program was adopted in April 1961,
at a special collective bargaining convention. See “Special Bar­
gaining Convention of the United Auto Workers,” Monthly Labor
Review, June 1961, pp. 611—613.
4 The UAW received almost identical offers from; both Ford and
Chrysler on the same day.
15The American Motors profit-sharing plan required the com­
pany to pay 10 percent of profits before taxes (computed on the
balance remaining after an amount equal to 10 percent of stock­
holders’ equity had been set aside) to be used for increased
benefits for hourly rated workers, and an additional 5 percent to
be used to purchase American Motors’ stock for these workers.
For details of the American Motors-UAW 1961 agreement, see
Monthly Labor Review, October 1961, pp. 1117-1118.

1171

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

one incorporated in the agreement reached a week
earlier with American Motors Corp.5 (A profitsharing plan had been one of the union’s contract
demands in 1958.) The profit-sharing plan pro­
posal was withdrawn the following day. How­
ever, the union stipulated that General Motors
match all other benefits incorporated in the Amer­
ican Motors contract. A few hours before the
extended deadline, union and company representa­
tives announced that in light of “significant prog­
ress,” the contract would be further extended to
September 11.
Accord on basic economic terms of a new con­
tract was reached on September 6, contingent upon
settlement of noneconomic issues at both national
and local levels. Local issues were resolved at
more than 30 plants, but when the parties at almost
100 other plants were unable to resolve their differ­
ences on these issues by September 11, local strikes
began.
The last of the local strikes ended September 27,
after the parties agreed to final contract provi­
sions. The national contract covered 310,000
workers in 131 bargaining units in 18 States.
There were many similarities between the General
Motors contract and the pact with American Mo­
tors, the principal difference being the profit-shar­
ing plan at American Motors and the methods of
financing the increased benefits. The GM contract
continued the annual improvement factor increases
of 2.5 percent (with a minimum of 6 cents an
hour) and the cost-of-living escalator clause (with
12 cents of the 17-cent allowance incorporated into
base rates). The settlement provided that 2 cents
of the first year’s annual improvement factor in­
crease be used to defray part of the company’s cost
of assuming the employees’ share of hospital-medi­
cal insurance for active employees and their de­
pendents, and that the 1-cent cost-of-living allow­
ance that would have been due in September be
6 See footnote 2, table A.

used to pay part of increased company costs re­
sulting from improved pensions and payment of
one-half the premiums for hospital-medical insur­
ance for retired employees and their dependents.
Life insurance was increased; hospital, medical,
and surgical benefits were improved. Provision
was made for the company to pay 75 percent and
the employees 25 percent of any increase in these
insurance costs, but the agreement dated Septem­
ber 20, 1961, stipulated that the employees would
not pay any cost increase for the duration of the
agreement.6 Other contract changes included a
moving allowance provision and improved vaca­
tion benefits, jury duty, and separation pay. Paid
relief time (previously a company policy but an
issue in strikes at some plants) was incorporated
into the agreement.
Supplemental unemployment benefits were in­
creased and the maximum period for such benefits
was doubled—to 52 weeks. A short workweek
provision was established, with 50 percent of the
regular hourly rate being paid for each hour under
40 lost during unscheduled short workweeks and
65 percent during scheduled short workweeks. In
addition, the company was to finance hospital,
medical, and surgical insurance for laid-off work­
ers and their dependents for as long as they were
eligible for SUB payments and for up to 6 months
for disabled employees. Any payments made
by the company for such coverage for laid-off em­
ployees was to be credited against contributions
to the SUB fund.
The company was to contribute 5 cents to the
SUB fund for each hour employees received pay
from the company through November 1962, re­
gardless of the amount of money in the fund;
thereafter, company contributions were to be based
on a new method of computing maximum funding.
The contract is to be in force until August 31,
1964, with no reopening provisions. The follow­
ing tables bring the General Motors Chronology
up to date through September 1963.

A—General Wage Changes

Mar. 6, 1961__ _
June 5, 1961
Sept. 4, 1 9 6 1 __ __
706-442—63----- 4

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Provision

Effective date

No change____
_ _do
___
___ do______

_ _
_

__ ____________
_ .
__ ____
__ __ ________

Quarterly review of cost-of-living allowance.
Do.
The 1-cent-an-hour cost-of-living adjust­
ment that would have been due was waived
by the union; see following page.

1172

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

A—General Wage Changes—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Sept. 4, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

6 cents an hour increase or 2\{ percent of
base rates, minus 2 cents, whichever was
greater,1 (increase ranged from 4 to 10
cents an hour, BLS estimated average—
4.4 cents).

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Oct. 2, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Dec. 4, 1961______________

1 cent an hour increase

Mar. 5, 1962_____________ No change
_____
June 4, 1962_ _______ __ _ 1 cent an hour increase

___

Sept. 3, 1962_____________ __ _do
_ _
_ ________ __
Sept. 3; 1962_____________ 6 cents an hour increase or 2% percent of
base rates, whichever was greater,1 (in­
crease ranged from 6 to 12 cents an hour,
BLS estimated average—-6.8 cents).
Dec. 3, 1962__
_ ___
1 cent an hour increase
__ _ _ _ _ _
Mar. 4, 1963__ __
June 3, 1963 __

No change
_ _ _
1 cent an hour increase

Sept. 1, 1963___________
Sept. 2, 1963_____________

2 cents an hour increase
_ __ __ _
6 cents an hour increase or 2]4 percent of
base rates, whichever was greater,1 (in­
crease ranged from 6 to 12 cents an hour,
BLS estimated average—7.0 cents).

i The 2 ^-percent increase (minus 2 cents in 1961) applied to straight-time
hourly rates, excluding the cost-of-living allowance in effect and shift pre­
miums as follows:
H o u r ly a n n u a l im p ro v e ­
m e n t fa c to r in c re a se in —
S tra ig h t-tim e h o u r ly
w a g e r a te

Less than $2.60________
$2.60 but less than $3.00.
$3.00 but less than $3.40.
$3.40 but less than $3.80.
$3.80 but less than $4.20.
$4.20 but less than $4.60.
$4.60 but less than $5.00.

--------------------------------1961

1962 a n d 1963

4 cents
6 cents
5 cents
7 cents
cents
8 cents
7 cents
9 cents
cents
10 cents
9 cents
11 cents
cents
12 cents
B y supplemental agreement dated Sept. 20,1961, amending the insurance
program, the parties agreed that the annual improvement factor increases
due Sept. 3,1962, and Sept. 2,1963, were to be reduced by 25 percent of the
increase in average monthly insurance base premiums above the average
base premium in January 1962, after adjustment of this January base for the
increase in premiums betw een Jan. 1,1962, and July 31,1962, resulting from
improvements in plans outside Michigan. However, since the 2 cents of
the first year’s annual improvement factor was used to cover a portion of the
cost of this insurance which could not be made effective immediately, the
contract settlement agreement, dated Sept. 20,1961, waived the employees'
share of the increased cost for the duration of the agreement.
Except base rates used in incentive pay calculations.

3

3


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

6
8
10

Agreement maintained the improvement
factor of the previous agreement, minus
2 cents in 1961, and provided adjustments
to be effective on Sept. 3, 1962, and
Sept. 2, 1963.2
Waiver of 2 cents of annual improvement
factor increase and 1 cent due under
Sept. 4, 1961, cost-of-living review was in
consideration of, but did not fully offset,
improved pension benefits and company’s
assumption of full cost of hospital-medical
care for employees and dependents, and
one-half cost of hospital-medical care for
retired employees and dependents.
The agreement incorporated 12 cents of the
17-cent cost-of-living allowance in effect
on Oct. 1, 1961, into base hourly rates,3
and continued the cost-of-living escalator
formula of the previous agreement.4
Quarterly adjustment of cost-of-living allow­
ance.
Quarterly review of cost-of-living allowance.
Quarterly adjustment of cost-of-living allow­
ance.
Do.
Deferred increase.

Quarterly adjustment of cost-of-living allow­
ance.
Quarterly review of cost-of-living allowance.
Quarterly adjustment of cost-of-living allow­
ance.
Do
Deferred increase.

4

The new agreement provided that future cost-of-living adjustments be
determined in accordance with the following table:
C o n su m e r P r ic e I n d e x
(194.7-49= 100)

125.6 or less__________________________________
125.7 to 126.1............... .................................................
126.2 to 126.6............................................................. .....
126.7 to 127.1________________ _____ _________
127.2 to 127.6______________ __________________
127.7 to 128.1............... ..................................................
128.2 to 128.6..................................... ............................
128.7 to 129.1______________ _________ _________
129.2 to 129.6........................... .....................................
129.7 to 130.1............ .......................... ...........................
130.2 to 130.6_________________________________
130.7 to 131.1__________________________ ______
131.2 to 131.6___________ __________ ___________
131.7 to 132.1_________________________________
132.2 to 132.6_____________________________
132.7 to 133.1___ ____ ______________ _________ _
and so forth, with a 1-cent adjustm ent for each 0.5point increase in the index.

H o u r ly cost-of-living
a llo w a n ce

None.
cent.
cents.
3 cents.
4 cents.
5 cents.
cents.
7 cents.
cents.
9 cents.
cents.
cents.
cents.
13 cents.
14 cents.
15 cents.

1
2

6
8
10
11
12

As in previous agreements, the cost-of-living review in December, March,
June, and September was to be based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Consumer Price Index for the months of October, January, April, and July.

1173

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

B—Hiring and Minimum Job 1 Rates (Automobile Plants in Michigan)
Effective date

Dec. 5, 1960 _
Sept. 4, 1961 __ _ ____ __
Dec. 4, 1961__ ___________
June 4, 1962 .

Hiring
rate 2
$2.
2.
2.
2.

27
31
32
33

Effective date

Hiring
rate 2

Sept. 3, 1962_ ______________
Dec. 3, 1962___ ___ _______
June 3, 1963________ ______
Sept. Î, 1963_______________
Sept. 2, 1963_______________

$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

Minimum job
rate 2
$2.
2.
2.
2.

37
41
42
43

i Applicable to the lowest paid classification in General Motors plants in
Detroit and in the corporation’s automobile manufacturing plants else­
where in Michigan.

40
41
42
44
50

Minimum job
rate 2
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

50
51
52
54
60

2 Includes cost-of-living allowance.

C—Related Wage Practices
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Pay in Lieu of Vacation
July 1, 1960 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Oct. 3, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Changed t o : Vacation pay based on senior­
ity and number of pay periods worked in
eligibility year.1 Employees with senior­
ity of 1 year or more and employed (1) 26
pay periods or more in eligibility year to
receive full allowance provided in previous
agreements, or (2) fewer than 26 but more
than 12 pay periods to receive proportion
of full allowance, based on number of pay
periods worked.2

Employee who did not respond to recall
notice because he chose to remain in
another company plant to receive vacation
allowance based on seniority in both
plants (formerly seniority was broken at
old plant if employee did not return to
work within 3 days of recall; vacation
allowance then based on seniority at new
plant).
Employee retiring with (1) more than 12
pay periods of work to receive same vaca­
tion allowance as other employees, (2)
fewer than 13 pay periods of work to
receive
of allowance to which he would
have been entitled for each pay period
worked.1 Provision (2) also applicable to
employee on military leave during year
leave of absence began or ended.
Employee working 13 pay periods or more
to receive credit for pay periods he was
unable to work because of compensable
disability.
Eliminated; Provision that work only during
weeks including June 30 or December 31
entitled employee to vacation allowance.3

Holiday Pay
Oct. 3, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

In effect and continued:
To be eligible for holiday pay, employee
must have had seniority and:
A. (1) otherwise would have been scheduled
to work on that day and (2) worked
scheduled days before and after holiday,
or
B. (1) have been laid off because of model
change, plant rearrangement, or inventory,
and (2) returned to work in week in
which holiday fell, or subsequent week,
and (3) worked on his first scheduled
day following holiday, or
C. during holiday or prior week must have
(1) been laid off by reduction in force, (2)
gone on sick leave, or (3) gone on military
leave.

1174

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Holiday P ay— Continued
Oct. 3, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

Holiday pay provided for holidays falling
on Saturday if employee worked last
scheduled day in week. Holidays recog­
nized by Federal or State Government
falling on Sunday to be observed Monday.
Employee provided extra day’s pay for
holiday during vacation period.
Holiday pay provided eligible employee on
approved leave of absence who returned
to work in holiday week.
Jury-Duty Pay

Oct. 3, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Changed to: Greater of $10 or daily fee paid
by court but, when added to court fee,
not more than employee’s straight-time
daily earnings, excluding night shift and
continuous operation premiums.

Payment limited to 60 days in any calendar
year.
Fee paid for each day employee reported for
or served on jury.

Relief-Time Pay
Oct. 3, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Established: Production employees pro­
vided 24 minutes paid relief time per shift.

Existing policy included in agreement for
first time.
Applicable to production
workers on conveyor lines.

Group Insurance Plan
Oct. 2, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Plan in effect: For employees.

Life insurance: (1) before age 65, $5,500 to
$10,500, depending on base hourly rate
(was $4,500 to $9,000) and (2) at and
after age 65 with (a) 10 but less than 20
years in plan, $825 to $1,575 (was $675
to $1,350) or (b) 20 years or more in plan,
$1,650 to $3,150 (was $1,350 to $2,700) d

footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Employee weekly contributions before age
65— 80 cents to $1.80; after age 65—40 to
90 cents. Company to pay remaining cost
and administrative expenses. Employee
not to contribute to life insurance after
age 65.
At and after age 65, life insurance reduced
2 percent per month until (1) for em­
ployee with 10 years or more in plan—
face value decreased to 1/4 percent of in­
surance in effect on 65th birthday times
years in plan, up to 20, but not less than
$825, and (2) for employee with less than
10 years in plan—face value decreased to
$500 or until employee was separated
from active service, whichever occurred
first. Reduced insurance continued until
death for long-term employee, until sep­
aration for employee with less than 10
years’ service.5
Employee in plan 5 years or more at age 60
who (1) stopped work at or after age 60
and continued contributions until work
was stopped or (2) stopped work before
age 60 but was insured to that age, could
continue life and accidental death and
dismemberment protection to age 65, for
contribution of 50 cents per month per
$1,000 of life insurance; thereafter, pro­
vision for reduction applied. Employee
who did not continue insurance permitted
to convert to individual policy.

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

1175

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Group Insurance Plan— Continuée
Oct. 2, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

Accidental death and dismemberment benefits:
One-half face value of life insurance in
case of accidental death.4 Schedule of
benefits for dismemberment.
Total and permanent disability benefits: Face
value of life insurance, in 50 monthly pay­
ments ($110 to $210, was $90 to $180),
provided employee disabled prior to age
60 with 10 years (was 15 years) or more
in plan.4

Sickness and accident benefits: 6 $55 to $110
a week (was $45 to $100) for maximum
of 26 weeks; payable from first day of
accident or of hospitalization for illness;
otherwise from eighth day of sickness.
Maternity benefits up to 6 weeks.

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Employee separated at or after age 60, ex­
cept for total disability, with less than 5
years in plan at age 60 to have all insur­
ance discontinued but to be permitted to
convert to individual policy; if separated
because of total disability, life insurance
could be continued during disability up to
years employee participated in plan, but
not after age 65, if employee paid pre­
mium of 50 cents per month per $1,000.
Face value of insurance for employee at or
over age 65 not to be increased to new
levels; if employee joined plan after Sept.
1, 1950, and after age 65, face value limited
to $500 and insurance cancelled on separa­
tion from service.

Employee could elect to waive monthly bene­
fits and continue full face value of life in­
surance without contributions.
Total benefits for subsequent disability re­
duced by amounts received for first
disability.
$500 life insurance provided without cost to
employee who received all monthly bene­
fits.
Greater of $500 or remaining installments
paid beneficiary of employee who died
before receiving all payments.
Full amount of life insurance for earnings
bracket reinstated if employee recovered
and returned to work.
26-week maximum applicable for disability
recurring within 3 months of employee’s
return to work. New maximum duration
available if disability recurred more than
3 months after employee returned to work
or resulted from different cause.
Benefits to be reduced by payments for time
lost from work under a workmen’s com­
pensation or occupational disease law.7
Benefits limited to $35 a week for employee
who joined plan after Aug. 31, 1950, and
after age 65. (Contribution for life and
sickness and accident insurance 25 cents
per week.)
Maternity benefits available only to workers
covered by plan when pregnancy began.
All group insurance continued during receipt
of sickness and accident benefits if con­
tribution continued.
When disability continued beyond exhaus­
tion of weekly benefits (1) employee with
less than 10 years in plan permitted to
continue life and accidental death and dis­
memberment insurance up to number of
years of participation in plan, but not after
age 65, and (2) employee with service of
10 years or more permitted to continue life
and accidental death and dismemberment
insurance during disability to age 65, at
which time reduction provisions applied.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1176

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Group Insurance Plan— Continiled
Oct. 2, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

Both groups of employees to continue
contributions at rate of 50 cents per month
per $1,000 life insurance.
All coverage terminated at end of month fol­
lowing termination of employment.
Added:
Company to contribute one-half of pre­
miums for hospital and medical coverage
for retirees and their dependents. Pen­
sioners retired before Nov. 1, and not
covered by plan, permitted to enroll at
same cost as those already covered.

Nov. 1, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Added:
Hospital and medical benefits:

Jan. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Changed:
Extended group insurance: All insurance
(life, accidental death and dismember­
ment, total and permanent disability, and
sickness and accident) continued at regu­
lar contribution rate for 1 month following
month of layoff or leave of absence.
Life and accidental death and dismember­
ment insurance continued for additional
11 months (was 4 months) with em­
ployee contributing 50 cents a month
per $1,000 of life insurance.
Hospital, surgical, and medical benefits: Formerly company and employees each
paid one-half the cost of the plan.
Benefits for employees and their depend­
ents—to be company paid.8 (Benefits
included were already in effect except as
noted.)
I. Michigan (Blue Cross and Blue Shield)-. In the Detroit area, employee could elect
the Community Health Association Plan.
Hospitalization (room and board): In mem­ Employee using private room in member
hospital to pay difference between that
ber hospital, full coverage for semiprivate
charge and semiprivate accommodations.
room or ward up to 365 days (was 120
days) per admission.
In nonmember hospital, actual charges up Benefits not available for institutions for
convalescence, nursing or rest care, for
to $15 a day for maximum of 365 days.
conditions not requiring substantially
continuous bed care by licensed doctors
and registered nurses; for teeth extractions
or other dental treatment, for observation
or diagnostic study, physical therapy,
X-ray and laboratory examinations, elec­
trocardiography or basal metabolism tests;
for care under the laws of the United
States or any State or political subdivision;
for care for occupation disabilities pro­
vided in accordance with law; for care
provided by another Blue Cross plan.
Benefits limited to 30 days for each confine­
ment for tuberculosis, nervous and mental
conditions, alcoholism, or drug addiction.
Changed: Company to pay full cost of
hospital, surgical, and medical expense
insurance for—

Laid off employee (with unbroken seniority)
and dependents for 1 month for each 4
weeks’ supplemental unemployment bene­
fits to which entitled at time of layoff, up
to 12 months (formerly 6 months with
worker paying full cost).
Disabled employee and dependents for up
to 6 months (formerly employee paid half
cost).

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

H 77

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Group Insurance Plan— Continued
Jan. 1, 1962 (7 (agreement
dated Sept.^20, 1961)—
Continued

Special hospital expenses (other than for
room and board):
In member hospitals, full coverage up to
365 days (was 120 days) for meals and
special diets; general nursing care; use
of operating and other surgical treatment
rooms; anesthesia when administered by
a hospital employee; all laboratory ex­
aminations; physical therapy treatments;
oxygen and other gas therapy; drugs,
biologicals, and solutions; materials used
in dressings and casts; and radium when
owned or rented by hospital.
In nonmember hospitals (1) affiliated with
another Blue Cross Plan or located in area
not served by a plan, regular charges for
services listed above or (2 ) any other ac­
credited hospital, up to $15 per day.
Outpatient benefits: In member hospital,
services and supplies regularly provided
for bed patients.
In nonmember hospitals, up to $25 for each
condition.

Maternity benefits: All services provided for
regular hospitalization plus use of delivery
room, infant feeding and other routine
care of the newborn child, andlobstetrician's services.
Surgical-medical benefits:
1 . Plan to pay full amount of scheduled fee
for employees earning less than $7,500
annually for:

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Employees could continue insurance by pay­
ing full cost for any month up to 12 for
which employer was not required to pay.
Company can offset payments for laid-off
employees against contributions to SUB
fund.
Supplies and services available only to bed
patients when furnished by hospital and
prescribed by attending doctor.
Benefits limited to drugs and medicines in
official formularies; exclude services of
doctor, surgeon, or special nurse, X-ray
or electrocardiographic services (covered
under surgical-medical benefits), blood,
prosthetic or other appliances, and ambu­
lance service.

Hospital and medical service coverage ex­
tended up to 6 months without cost to
disabled employees.
Services and supplies limited to drugs, and
pharmaceuticals, etc., to extent used in
hospital and when administered in con­
nection with use of operating or surgical
treatment rooms, anesthesia, laboratory
examinations (when related to surgery or
treatment of emergencies), accidental in­
juries, and physical therapy for up to 60
days.
Benefits not available for regular treatment
of chronic conditions; extraction of teeth
or other dental treatment; or routine
physical, premarital, or preemployment
examinations.
Available after 270 consecutive days in plan.
Prenatal and postnatal care not provided.

Services available anywhere. Participating
doctors could make additional charges for
employees earning above $7,500 or for
those who requested and occupied a pri­
vate room. Payment to nonparticipating
doctors limited to lesser of charge for serv­
ice or scheduled fee.
Benefits not available for ( 1 ) industrial dis­
abilities, (2 ) service by government agency
without cost to employee, (3) hospital,
dental, or nursing services, (4) medicines,
drugs, etc., (5) operations for cosmetic
purposes unless for correction of (a) con­
genital anomalies for patient under 12
years who participated in plan from birth
or (b) conditions resulting from accidental
injuries or surgical scars, (6 ) sterilization,
or (7) routine or periodic physical, pre­
marital, or other examinations or tests not
directly related to diagnosis of illness or
injury.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

11.78

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Provision

Effective date

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Group Insurance Plan— Continued
Jan. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

Surgical services—all accepted operative and
cutting procedures for diagnosis and
treatment of diseases, injuries, fractures,
and dislocations, and postoperative care
for greater of hospital stay or 14 days.
Medical care—up to 365 days (was 120 days)
care in hospital when surgery was not re­
quired; up to 30 days for tuberculosis or
nervous and mental conditions.
Anesthesia—payment for administration of
anesthesia in surgical, medical, or ob­
stetrical care by doctor not in charge of
case.
Emergency first aid—up to $15 for care
within 24 hours of nonoccupational in­
juries.
2. Plan to pay balance of scheduled fee after
employee paid the greater of $5 or 10 per­
cent of fee for:
Diagnostic X-ray and laboratory services and
radiological services—in doctor’s office,
hospital, or hospital outpatient depart­
ment and laboratory services in doctor’s
office or hospital outpatient department.
Consultation services—necessary technical
assistance for diagnosis or treatment
when not routinely provided by hospital.
Technical surgical assistance—when re­
quired, not routinely provided, and
related to service being received by
employee.
II. Other States.
Coverage to be provided as nearly equal
as practicable to the Michigan Blue
Cross and Blue Shield plans.

Full benefits reinstated 3 months after re­
lease from hospital; after 6 months for
tuberculosis or nervous and mental con­
ditions.

Applicable in doctor’s office or hospital out­
patient department.
Plan to reimburse employee for payments
during 1 year in excess of $25 for employee
with income under $2,500, $50 for $2,500
but less than $5,000 and $75 for $5,000
and over.

Limited to one medical, obstetrical, or sur­
gical consultation per continuous period of
hospitalization.

In areas where local Blue Cross or medical
plans fail to provide such benefits, supple­
mental benefits to be provided.
Employees in California allowed to elect the
Comprehensive Kaiser Health Foundation
Plan or the Blue Cross and Blue Shield
plans. In other areas, corporation to
choose carrier in agreement with union so
as to provide employees with a choice
between Blue Cross and Blue Shield or
similar plan or a plan similar to the Kaiser
plan.

Pension Plan
Jan. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Increased: Normal monthly retirement
benefits to $2.80 a month for each year of
credited service. Benefits in addition to
Federal social security benefits.

Early retirement benefits—for retirement
under mutually satisfactory conditions,
continued to be twice normal retirement
benefits up to age 65. For retirement
at own option employee could, in lieu of
a reduced immediate benefit, elect ( 1 )
from retirement to age 62—amount of
S ee fo o tn o te s a t end o f


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

table.

Applicable to employee retiring after Aug.
31, 1961. In effect: year of credited
service to equal 1,700 compensated hours
or more. Proportionate credit, to nearest
Yio of a year, given employee with less
than 1,700 hours.
Eliminated: Deduction from pension of
any workmen’s compensation or disability
payments.

1179

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Pension Plan— Continued
Jan. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

reduced immediate monthly benefit (or
further reduced amount if employee
elected survivor’s option) plus $96 re­
duced by 0 .6 percent for each month
employee was under 62 at date of early
retirement, and (2 ) from age 62—amount
of ( 1) above less $96. Option not avail­
able if benefit was less than $15 per
month.
Total and permanent disability benefits—
continued to be twice normal retirement
benefits, until employee became eligible
for Federal social security benefits.
Service requirement reduced to 10 years
(was 15 years) for employees disabled
after Aug. 31, i 961.
Automatic retirement benefits for certain
eligible employees at age 6 8 with more
than 5 but less than 10 years of credited
service, retiring after Aug. 31, 1961, in­
creased to $28 a month (was $24).
Vested rights 9—deferred benefits per year of
service continued to be same as normal
retirement benefits.
Added:
Survivors’ option—providing reduced bene­
fits to employee and spouse.
Employee benefit to equal ( 1 ) if employee
and spouse were the same age— 90 per­
cent of benefit employee would have re­
ceived, (2 ) if spouse was older than
employee— 90 percent plus 0.5 percent
for each 12 months spouse’s age exceeded
that of employee, and (3) if employee
was older than spouse—90 percent minus
0.5 percent for each 12 months spouse’s
age was less than that of employee.
Spouse’s benefit to begin after employee’s
death and to equal 50 percent of em­
ployee’s reduced benefit.

Added: Service prior to age 30 to be credited
in computing benefit. Actuarially re­
duced benefits payable at age 60.
Election available to employee eligible for
normal, early, automatic, disability, or
deferred pension. Employee required to
make election at time of application for
pension, or, at age 65, if receiving dis­
ability pension. Employee could designate
( 1 ) wife or (2 ) husband, if employee’s
income was over half total income of both.
Election revoked if employee or spouse died
before effective date of election.

Supplemental Unemployment Benefit Plan
Sept. 4, 1961 (agreement
dated Sept. 2 0 , 1961).

Jan. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Company to contribute 5 cents per man­
hour compensated through November
1962, regardless of maximum funding
position during period.

Accrual of credit units:
Increased: Maximum number of credit
units to 52.
Size of benefits:10
Changed:
Regular benefits—an amount which, when
added to State unemployment compensa­
tion, weekly earnings from the company
(including potential earnings for available
time not worked), plus earnings over $ 1 0
from other employers, would equal 62
percent of straight-time weekly earnings
for a 40-hour week (including cost-ofliving allowance but excluding premiums
and bonuses) plus $1.50 per dependent
up to 4. Maximum weekly benefit— $40.

See also contributions for short workweeks
and special benefits, effective Jan. 1, 1962;
new maximum financing formula, effective
Dec. 1, 1962: and offset for provision of
hospital, surgical, and medical insurance
to laid-off employees, effective Jan. 1,1962,
under Group Insurance.

Benefits except for scheduled short work­
week to be ( 1) discontinued when credit
unit cancellation base 11 fell below $12.80,
(2) reduced 20 percent but not below $5,
when base was $12.80 but less than $41.60.
Full benefits to be paid employee otherwise
eligible but with insufficient credits re­
quired for full amount of regular, special,
or short workweek benefits.

1180

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Supplemental Unemployment Benefit Plan— Continued
Jan. 1 , 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

Eligibility;
Added: Employee to be eligible for bene­
fits if disqualified for unemployment com­
pensation ( 1 ) when laid off because of in­
ability to perform work offered although
capable of doing other work to which
entitled if seniority had been sufficient,
(2 ) for refusal to accept an offer by the
company of work which he was not re­
quired to take under local agreement, (3)
because of eligibility for or receipt of
statutory retirement or disability bene­
fits which could be received while work­
ing, (4) when automatically retired with­
out company pension, (5) when serving
an unemployment compensation waiting
week while temporarily laid off out of line
of seniority unless layoff resulted from
model change, plant rearrangement, or
inventory, (6 ) when receiving military
termination pay, (7) when earnings for
week were at least equal to or above
State unemployment compensation earn­
ings limit less $2 , but employee failed to
claim compensation, or (8 ) when em­
ployee participated in a Federal retrain­
ing program providing benefits or sub­
sistence .12
Added:
Short workweek and special benefits for
scheduled and unscheduled short work­
week.

Scheduled short workweek— 65 percent of
straight-time hourly pay and cost-ofliving allowance in effect, times differ­
ence between compensated or available
hours and 40.

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Employee could be"eligible for part of week
if specified disqualifying conditions were
not responsible for entire week’s unem­
ployment. One-fifth of weekly benefit
paid for each day eligible.

Company not required to contribute to SUB
fund for short workweek and special bene­
fits for scheduled short workweeks, unless
credit unit base fell below $300 per
employee. If contribution was required,
company to pay lesser of ( 1 ) amount of
short workweek and special benefits for
scheduled short workweek for which com­
pany was not obligated to contribute
during preceding month or (2 ) amount
required to bring credit unit base up to
$300 for month for which company did
contribute.
In addition, when credit unit base fell below
$300 per employee, company to contribute
for each pay period (a) sum equal to
benefits paid for short workweek and (b)
special benefits for scheduled short work­
week.
Payable: Without application, for any week
in which employee worked a short work­
week and received company earnings suf­
ficient to disqualify for State unemployment
compensation. No minimum or maximum
benefit. With application, for any week
in which employee worked a short work­
week but did not receive sufficient com­
pany earnings to be disqualified for State
unemployment compensation. No mini­
mum or maximum benefit.
Defined as week in which hours were reduced
to adjust production to customer demand.

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

1181

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Supplemental Unemployment Benefit Plan-—Continued
Jan. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961)—
Continued

Dec. 1, 1962 (agreementdated Sept. 20, 1961).

Sec footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Unscheduled short workweek— 50 percent
of straight-time hourly pay and cost-ofliving allowance in effect, times difference
between compensated or available hours
and 40.

Eligibility—employee (1) with 1 year of
service or more who worked for the com­
pany during week but compensated or
available hours were less than 40,15 (2)
who was laid off some part of week ,16
(3) who was ineligible for State unem­
ployment compensation because of com­
pany earnings,17 (4) who satisfied specified
SUB eligibility requirements, and (5)
without the equivalent of a week of un­
employment as defined by the State un­
employment compensation law with re­
spect to any part of the workweek.
Added:
Special benefits—the greater of regular bene­
fits or a benefit calculated in the same
manner as a short workweek benefit re­
duced by State unemployment compensa­
tion and weekly earnings over $ 1 0 from
another employer.
Eligibility—employee who ( 1 ) met all con­
ditions for regular benefit (except $2 mini­
mum not applicable), (2 ) worked for the
company during the week but compen­
sated or available hours were less than
40, and (3) did not receive sufficient com­
pany earnings to be disqualified for State
unemployment compensation.
Added:
Leveling week benefit—employees serving a
waiting week for State benefits to receive
full amount (65 percent) of regular bene­
fit (or special if applicable) for such week
if temporarily laid off out of line of senior­
ity pending adjustment of work force.
Not subject to $40 maximum. No bene­
fits payable during model change, plant
rearrangement, or inventory. No credit
units canceled for week in which benefit
was received.
Changed: Maximum funding—to 16 times
the average full benefit (including aver­
age weekly amount paid to cover medical
expense benefits for laid-off employees)
times number of employees in active serv­
ice and laid-off workers with credit units.

Defined as week in which ( 1) reduced hours
not classified as scheduled, (2 ) employee
returned from layoff to replace a separated
or absent employee, or (3) employee
returned to work after a week of layoff
because of an increase in production .13
Also included one which would otherwise
have been a scheduled short workweek
during 2 weeks preceding end of model run
in worker’s department or during 1 of 6
weeks after start of new model run.
Compensated or available hours to include
hours ( 1) paid for, (2 ) scheduled but not
worked, (3) while on layoff for any reason
not covered by SUB plan , 14 (4) not worked
in accordance with local agreement or
because of absenteeism of other workers,
and (5) below 40 hours normally not
worked by part-time employee or employee
on less than regular length shifts.
No credit units canceled for unscheduled
short workweek benefits for 3 hours or less,
for scheduled short workweek benefits, or
for benefit paid for unemployment com­
pensation waiting week during which em­
ployee was temporarily laid off out of line
of seniority. One-half regular cancellation
rate applied for unscheduled short work­
week if pay from company exceeded 62
percent of 40 hours’ pay plus $1.50 for each
dependent up to 4.

Only full benefits paid for full weeks of lay­
off and benefits paid for State waiting
week used in computing average full bene­
fit.

1182

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters

Separation Pay
Jan. 1 , 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 20, 1961).

Increased: 50 hours’ pay for employees
with less than 3 years’ service to 1500
hours’ pay for those with 30 years’
seniority .18 Benefit to be reduced by 1
percent for each full $1.60 credit unit
cancellation base was below $160.

Time for applying for benefits extended to
24 months.

Relocation Allowance
Jan. 1 , 1962 (agreement
dated Sept. 2 0 , 1961).

Established: Allowance of $ 5 5 to $215 for
single employees and $180 to $580 for
married employees, depending on dis­
tance between old and new plants ,19 pro­
vided workers who ( 1 ) were transferred
to plant 50 miles or more from former
place of work, (2 ) changed permanent
residence, and (3) made application for
allowance within 6 months of transfer.

1 Under previous agreement, retiring employee received H t of allowance
to which he would have been entitled for each pay period worked
a Vacation allowance provided employees with more than 12 but less than
26 pay periods was as follows:
P a y p e rio d s w o rk ed

25__________________ _

24.....................................
23.......................................

22......................................

21............................................

20.......... ...... ......................II"

P ercen ta g e o f f u ll
a llo w a n ce

96
92
88
84

Base hourly
rate

80

76
73
69
17...............................................
65
16............................................
61
15.................................
57
14........... .................
53
13.........................
50
3 To be eligible for a vacation allowance under previous agreement, an
employee was required to work either during the weeks including June 30
or December 31 (unless he was laid off, on sick or military leave, died or retired in previous 2 months), or in 39 weekly pay periods during the year.
4 Revised schedule of benefits, eflective Oct. 2, 1961. $500 was added to
each insurance bracket, the lowest bracket was eliminated, and 2 higher
brackets were added to the schedule to provide higher benefits for employees
m the higher wage brackets. All wage brackets in the schedule were in­
creased to reflect the 12-cent cost-of-living allowance incorporated into base

Applicable to employees permanently re­
leased because of transfer of major opera­
tion and employed at the new plant with
full seniority.
Allowance to be reduced by any government
payment for same purpose.

Total
Acci­
life
Life dental and
insur­ death acci­
ance insur­ dental
ance death
insur­
ance

19...................................

18................................


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Up to age 65

Under $2.40. .
$2.40-$2.64___
$2.65-$2.89___
$2.90-$3.14___
$3.15-$3.39___
$3.40-$3.64___
$3.65-$3.89___
$3.90-$4.14___
$4.15-$4.39___
$4.40-$4.64___
$4.65 and
over.........

Life in surance
W eek­
at age 65 and Month­ ly
o\rer
ly total sick­ Em­
and
ness ploy­
perma­ and
ee’s
Maxi­ nent
acci­ weekly
M ini­ mum
dis­
dent contri­
mum
(20
ability bene­ bution
(10
years bene­
fit** (before
years
or
fits* (before age
in
more (before retire­ 65) t
plan)
in
age 60) ment)
plan)

$5,500 $2,750 $8,250
6,000 3,000 9,000
6,500 3,250 9,750
7,000 3,500 10,500
7,500 3,750 11,250
8,000 4,000 12,000
8,500 4,250 12,750
9,000 4,500 13, 500
9,500 4,750 14,250
10,000 5,000 15,000

$825 $1,650
900 1,800
975 1,950
1,050 2,100
1,125 2,250
1,200 2,400
1,275 2,550
1,350 2,700
1,425 2,850
1,500 3,000

10,500

1,575

5,250 15,750

3,150

$110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

$55
60
65
70
80
85
90
95
100
105

$0.80
.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1. 50
1.60
1.70

210

110

1.80

*For 50 months for those employees with 10 years or more in plan
For a maximum of 26 weeks.
fSee insurance plan description above for employee contributions after
Footnotes continued on p. 1183.

1183

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL MOTORS CORP.
Footnotes to Table C—Continued
* 10 years participation in plan credited to employees who were in service
on M ay 31, 1950, and had 5 but fewer than 10 years of participation in plan
on the last day of the calendar month in which 65th birthday occurred.
« Benefits not applicable in States with statutory temporary disability
insurance laws; company could supplement State plan if benefits were lower
than those provided in regular insurance plan.
7 Benefits not reduced by statutory payments for hospitalization, medical
expenses, or allowances specifically for loss of use of bodily members or for
disfigurements.
8 To present a more useful report, details of the Michigan Blue Cross
and Blue Shield plans are being shown for the first time.
8 In Supplement No. 4 (M o n th ly L abor R e v iew , April 1961, p. 399), the
entry under vested rights should have read as follows: Deferred benefits
same per year of service as new normal benefits, except service prior to age 30
was not credited.
Alternative benefit schemes for Virginia and North Carolina were up­
dated to reflect the new benefit amounts.
» Credit unit cancellation schedule was as follows:
And if the years of seniority of the person to
whom such benefit is paid are—
If the credit unit can­
cellation base appli­
cable to the week for
which such benefit
paid is—

1 to 5

5 to 10 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 to 25 25 and
over

The credit units canceled for such benefits shall be—
$272.00 or more ...........
$243.20 to $271.99______
$214.40 to $243.19______
$185.60 to $214.39______
$156.80 to $185.59______
$128.00 to $156.79______
$99.20 to $127.99_______
$70.40 to $99.19________
$41.60 to $70.39________
$12.80 to $41.59________
Under $12.80__________

1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67
2.00
2.50
3.33
5.00
10.00

1.00
1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67
2.00
2.50
3.33
5.00

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67
2.00
2. 50
3.33
No benefits

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67
2.00
2.50
payable

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67
2.00

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.11
1.25
1.43
1.67

>2 For employees disqualified for unemployment compensation because of
period worked or when company earnings were at least equal to or above State
unemployment compensation earnings limit, see short workweek benefits.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

i® Only to extent short workweek was attributable to such cause.
ii SUB benefits not payable for periods of layoff occurring for disciplinary
reasons or as a consequence of (1) any strike, slowdown, work stoppage,
picketing (whether or not by employees), or concerted action at a company
plant [or plants], or any dispute of any kind involving employees represented
by the union whether at a company plant [or plants], or elsewhere, (2) any
fault attributable to the applicant, (3) any war or hostile act of a foreign
power (but not government regulations or controls connected therewith),
(4) sabotage or insurrection, or (5) any act of God.
15 Excluding weeks in which holiday pay was the only compensation
received b y employee.
18 Layoff must have been for reasons specified in regular SUB plan.
17 Employee must have been ineligible for State benefits solely because of
company earnings or these earnings in combination with other reasons spec­
ified in regular SUB plan.
18 Payments to be made in accordance with the following schedule:
Y e a r s o f se n io r ity
o n la st d a y w orked
in b a rg a in in g u n i t

N um ber
o f hou rs’
pay

N u m ber
o f h o u rs’
pay

Y e a r s o f s e n io rity
on la st d a y w o rk ed
in b a rg a in in g u n it

600
656
713
775
838
900
969
1,038
1,113
1,188
1,263
1,338
1,413
1,500

50 17 bu t less than 18____
Less than 3.......... .............
3 but less than 4 .. ____
75 18 but less than 19.........
100 19 but less than 20____
4 but less than 5______
5 but less than 6 ......... ...
125 20 but less than 21.........
156 21 but less than 22____
6 but less than 7_______
188 22 but less than 23____
7 but less than 8_______
S h u t less than 9 _______
219 23 but less than 24____
250 24 but less than 25____
9 but less than 10______
10 but less than 11_____
288 25 bu t less than 26____
325 26 but less than 27____
11 but less than 12_____
363 27 but less than 28___
12 but less than 13_____
406 28 but less than 29.........
13 but less than 14------450 29 but less than 30.......
14 but less than 15..........
500 30 and over.....................
15 but less than 16_____
550
16 but less than 17_____
» Relocation allowance was as follows:

A llo w a n c e fo r —
M ile s betw een p l a n ts

S in g le
M a r rie d
e m p lo y e e e m p lo y e e

50 bu t less than 100.............................. ....................... —
100 and less than 300____________________________
300 and less than 500_______________________________
500 and less than 1,000_____________________________
1,000 and over_____________________________________

$55
75
105
155
215

$180
220
290
420
580

Prepared in the Division of Wage Economics.

1184

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

Wage Chronology:
Commonwealth Edison Co.
of Chicago 1
Supplement No. 2-1962-63
A proposed 2 - y e a r a g r e e m e n t ,2 drafted by local
representatives of the International Brotherhood
of Electrical Workers and the Commonwealth
Edison Co. in bargaining that opened on February
19, 1962, was rejected by the union members on
May 21, 1962. The negotiators had agreed upon
wage-rate increases of 6 to 12 cents an hour, addi­
tional increases for crew leaders, higher shift pre­
mium pay, a liberalization of funeral leave
eligibility, and extended vacations for long-service
employees—6 consecutive weeks of vacation for
employees with service of 25 years or more to be
taken in one of the years of service between 25
and 35, another 6 consecutive weeks of vacation
in one year for employees with service of 35 years
or more,3 and 7 consecutive weeks in one year be­
fore retirement for employees who had already
acquired 35 years of service.
Negotiations were resumed on May 23 and re­
sulted in a 2-year agreement differing from the
rejected settlement principally in vacation provi­
sions. Instead of the 6 consecutive weeks of
vacation at specified intervals for workers with
long service, 2 workdays of vacation were added
for workers with service of 12 and 22 years or

more and 1 day for workers with 13 years’ service.
Workers earning less than $2.66 an hour were to
receive a wage-rate increase of 8 cents instead of
6 or 7 cents; all other wage-rate changes were the
same as in the rejected agreement. The new agree­
ment, like the original proposal, provided addi­
tional increases for crew leaders and higher shift
premium pay and contained a reopening on wages
and contract length in the second year. The new
agreement was reached by the negotiators on May
24 and ratified by union members on June 15.
Under the reopening provision of the 1962 con­
tract, negotiations began on February 20, 1963,
and agreement on a 6- to 15-cent-an-hour wage in­
crease was reached on March 29. The agreement,
ratified by union members on April 24, was ex­
tended to March 31, 1965, with provision for a
wage reopening on March 31,1964.
The following tables bring the Commonwealth
Edison basic chronology and supplement, covering
3,350 plant workers in inside and outside depart­
ments 4 in the Chicago area, and production work­
ers at the Powerton Generating Station, Pekin, 111.,
up to date through 1963.
1 See Monthly Labor Review, April 1953, pp. 404-4.11 ; August
11961, pp. 870-S77 ; or BLS Report 205, 1961.
3 Agreement was reached with 18 locals ; of these, 5 represented
workers covered by this chronology.
3 In other years, these employees would be entitled to 4 weeks
and 2 days of vacation annually, of which, by local custom, 2
weeks would be taken consecutively.
4 The inside and outside plant departments include generating
stations, substations, building services, electrical construction
(overhead and underground), substation construction, meter, and
transportation. The chronology does not cover workers in other
operations merged with the company after the chronology was
first prepared, nor does it include office workers.

A—General Wage Changes
Effective date

Apr. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated July 12, 1962).

Provisions

8

to 12 cents an hour increase, averag­
ing 10.3 cents .1

Applications, exceptions, and other related
matters
Increases varied by maximum job rate as follows:
M a x im u m h o u r ly jo b ra te

$3.00 ordess__
_ _ _ _ _ _
$3.01 to $3.45_____
$3.46 and over_ _
Apr. 1, 1963 (agreement
dated May 6 , 1963).

6

to 15 cents an hour increase, averag­
ing 12.3 cents an hour. 1


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$0 08
‘ io
12

Increases'"varied by maximum job rate as follows:
M a x im u m h o u rly jo b ra te

$2.25
$2.26
$2.56
$2.86
$3.16
$3.46
Union estimates.

H o u r ly increase

or less. _________
to $2.55________
to $2.85_________
to $3.15_________
to $3.45_________
and over _ _ _ _ _

__

H o u r ly increase

$0

06
07
08
* 10
12
15

1185

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: COMMONWEALTH EDISON CO. OF CHICAGO

B—Hourly Rates for Selected Occupations, 1961-63
M inim um and maximum rates and progression
schedule (in italics) 1
Department and job title

I nside P lant
Auxiliary operators, electrical---------------------------------------Boiler mechanics, principal------------------------------------ -----Boiler mechanics, 2d grade...........................................................
Laborers, janitors...........................................................................
Switchboard operators........................................ ......................... .
Control operators............ ..................................................- ............
Mechanics, 2d grade.......... ............................................................

Outside P lant

$2.46-$2.71
3.46- 3.72
2. 69- 2. 92
2.20- 2.36
3.37- 3.60
3.46- 3.72
2.69- 2.92

Apr. 1, 1963

Apr. 1, 1962

Apr. 1, 1961

6
d
c
a
c
d
c

$2.54-$2.79
3.58- 3.84
2. 77- 3.00
2. 28- 2. 44
3.49- 3.72
3.58- 3.84
2.77- 3.00

b
d
c
a
c
d
c

$2. 62-$2.87
3. 73- 3.99
2. 87- 3.10
2. 28- 2.44
3.64- 3.87
3.73- 3.99
2.87- 3.10

6
d
c
a
c
d
c

Cablemen_____________________________________________
Qroundmen___________________________________________
Linemen______________________________________________
Metermen............ - ____ _________________________________
Servicemen, meter______________________ _______ _______
Troublemen, c a b le ..............................— .....................................

2.642.343.392. 853.373.56-

2.87
2. 53
3.60
3.08
3.60
3.82

c
i
h
c
c
d

2.722.423.512.953.493.68-

2.95
2. 61
3.72
3.18
3. 72
3. 94

c
i
h
c
c
d

2.822. 423.663.073.643.83-

3.05
2. 61
3.87
3.30
3. 87
4.09

Super -P ower D ivision
Boiler cleaners__________________________________________
Boiler operators_________________________________________
Boiler operators, 2d grade________________________________
Boiler operators, auxiliary..................................... ..........................
Coal plant operators (A)...................................................................
Coal plant operators (BB)-----------------------------------------------Coal plant operators (B)_________________________________
Coal plant operators (C)_________________________________
Electrical mechanics (A )........................... ....................................
Electrical mechanics (B)_________________________________
Helpers, electrical maintenance-----------------------------------------Helpers, mechanical, maintenance_________________________
Instrum ent mechanics___________________________________
Janitors_______________________________________________
Mechanics (A)......................................................................... - ........
Mechanics (B)...................................................................................
Switchboard operators..-------------------------- -----------------------Switchboard operators, assistant---------------------------------------Turbine operators (A)........................................... ...... ....................
Turbine operators, 2d grade______________________________
Turbine operators, auxiliary______________________________

2.293.372.842.463.373.062.852.493.372.852. 362.363.372.203.372. 853.372. 853.372. 842.44-

2. 53 e
3.60 c
3.08 c
2. 71 b
3.60 c
3.29 c
3.08 c
2.74 6
3.60 c
3.08 c
2. 60
2. 60 f
3.60 c
2.36 a
3.60 c
3.08 c
3.60 c
3.08 c
3.60 c
3.08 c
2.71 g

2.373.492.942.543.493.162.952. 573.492.952.442. 443.492. 283.492.953.492.953.492.942.52-

2. 61 e
3.72 c
3.18 c
2.79 b
3.72 c
3.39 c
3.18 c
2.82 b
3.72 c
3.18 c
2.68 f
2. 68 f
3.72 c
2. 44 a
3.72 c
3.18 c
3.72 c
3.18 c
3.72 c
3.18 c
2.79 o

2. 373.643.062. 623.643.283.072.653.643.072. 522.523.642.283.643.073.643.073.643.062. 60-

2.61 e
3.87 c
3.30 c
2. 87 b
3.87 c
3.51 c
3.30 c
2. 90 b
3.87 c
3.30 c
2.76 f
2.76 Í
3.87 c
2.44 a
3.87 c
3.30 c
3.87 c
3.30 c
3.87 c
3.30 c
2.87 g

i Progression from the minimum to maximum was as follows:

a —3 months; 6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 9 months; 2 years, 6 months.

6—3 months; 9 months; 1 year, 3 months; 1 year, 9 months; 2 years, 3
months; 2 years, 9 months; 3 years, 3 months; 4 years.
c—6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years; 2 years, 6 months; 3 years;
3 years, 6 months; 4 years.
d —6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years; 2 years, 6 months; 3 years;
3 years, 6 months; 4 years; 4 years, 6 months.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1

c
i
h
c
c
d

e—3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years; 2 years,
6 months; 3 years.
/ —3 months; 6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years; 2 years, 6 months;
3 years, 3 months; 4 years.
g—3 months; 6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years; 2 years, 6 months;
3 years; 3 years, 6 months; 4 years.
h—6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years; 2 years, 6 months; 3 years;
3 years, 6 months.
i —3 months; 6 months; 1 year; 1 year, 6 months; 2 years, 3 months; 3 years.

1186

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

C— Related Wage Practices
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters

Shift Premium Pay
Apr. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated July 12, 1962).

Increased to: 15 cents an hour (was 12
cents).
Vacation Pay

Apr. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated July 12, 1962).

Increased: For workers with service of 12
years and 22 years or more, 2 additional
workdays paid vacation; for workers
with 13 years’ service, 1 additional work­
day—resulting in a total of 15 days of
vacation in the 12th, 13th, and 14th
years of service (formerly 13, 14, and 15
days, respectively) and 24 days of vaca­
tion in the 22d year of service and there­
after (formerly 22 days).

Increased: Maximum vacation, to 24 work­
days.

Pay for Absence Because of Death in Family
Apr. 1, 1962 (agreement
dated July 12, 1962).

Added: To definition of immediate family—
grandchild.
Jury-Duty Pay

Oct. 1, 1945_________


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Clarification: Provision in effect and con­
tinued: All fees (in addition to regular
rates paid by company) received for jury
or court service to be retained by em­
ployee.

Prepared in the Division of Wage Economics.

THE 1963 RAILROAD ARBITRATION ACT

The 1963 Railroad
Arbitration Act
E dit o r ’s N o te .—The

following law, PL 88-108,
'provides procedures for settlement of the 1±year dispute between five operating brother­
hoods and the Nation’s major railroads. I t
was passed by Congress on August 28,
1963, and signed by President John F. Ken­
nedy the same day.
For further background, analysis of the
dispute, and composition of the board, see
Monthly Labor Review, August 1963, pp. iiiiv, April 1962, pp. 376-389, and this issue, p.

1201.

Whereas the labor dispute between the carriers
represented by the Eastern, Western, and South­
eastern Carriers’ Conference Committees and cer­
tain of their employees represented by the Brother­
hood of Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, Order of
Kailway Conductors and Brakemen, Brotherhood
of Railroad Trainmen, and the Switchmen’s
Union of North America, labor organizations,
threatens essential transportation services of the
Nation; and
Whereas it is essential to the national interest,
including the national health and defense, that
essential transportation services be maintained;
and
Whereas all the procedures for resolving such
dispute provided for in the Railway Labor Act
have been exhausted and have not resulted in set­
tlement of the dispute ; and
Whereas the Congress finds that emergency
measures are essential to security and continuity
of transportation services by such carriers; and
Whereas it is desirable to achieve the above ob­
jectives in a manner which preserves and prefers
solutions reached through collective bargaining;
and
Whereas, on August 2, 1963, the Secretary of
Labor submitted to the carrier and organization
representatives certain suggestions as a basis of
negotiation for disposition of the fireman (helper)
and crew consist issues in the dispute and there­
upon through such negotiations tentative agree­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1187
ment was reached with respect to portions of such
suggestions; and
Whereas, on August 16,1963, the carrier parties
to the dispute accepted and the organization
parties to the dispute accepted with certain reser­
vations the Secretary of Labor’s suggestion that
the fireman (helper) and crew consist issues be
resolved by binding arbitration but the said
parties have been unable to agree upon the terms
and procedures of an arbitration agreement:
Therefore be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Repre­
sentatives of the United States of America in Con­
gress assembled, That no carrier which served the
notices of November 2, 1959, and no labor orga­
nization which received such notices or served the
labor organization notices of September 7, 1960,
shall make any change except by agreement, or
pursuant to an arbitration award as hereinafter
provided, in rates of pay, rules, or working condi­
tions encompassed by any of such notices, or en­
gage in any strike or lockout over any dispute
arising from any of such notices. Any action
heretofore taken which would be prohibited by the
foregoing sentence shall be forthwith rescinded
and the status existing immediately prior to such
action restored.
S ec . 2. There is hereby established an arbitra­
tion board to consist of seven members. The rep­
resentatives of the carrier and organization parties
to the aforesaid dispute are hereby directed, re­
spectively, within 5 days after the enactment
hereof each to name two persons to serve as mem­
bers of such arbitration board. The four members
thus chosen shall select three additional members.
The seven members shall then elect a chairman.
If the members chosen by the parties shall fail to
name one or more of the additional three members
within 10 days, such additional members shall
be named by the President. If either party fails
to name a member or members to the arbitration
board within the 5 days provided, the President
shall name such member or members in lieu of such
party and shall also name the additional three
members necessary to constitute a board of seven
members, all within 10 days after the date of en­
actment of this joint resolution. Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, the National Mediation
Board is authorized and directed (1) to compen­
sate the arbitrators not named by the parties at

1188
a rate not in excess of $100 for each day together
with necessary travel and subsistence expenses,
and (2) to provide such services and facilities as
may be necessary and appropriate in carrying out
the purposes of this joint resolution.
S ec . 3. Promptly upon the completion of the
naming of the arbitration board, the Secretary of
Labor shall furnish to the board and to the parties
to the dispute copies of his statement to the parties
of August 2, 1963, and the papers therewith sub­
mitted to the parties, together with memorandums
and such other data as the board may request set­
ting forth the matters with respect to which the
parties were in tentative agreement and the extent
of disagreement with respect to matters on which
the parties were not in tentative agreement. The
arbitration board shall make a decision, pursuant
to the procedures hereinafter set forth, as to what
disposition shall be made of those portions of the
carriers’ notices of November 2, 1959, identified as
“Use of Firemen (Helpers) on Other Than Steam
Power” and “Consist of Road and Yard Crews”
and that portion of the organizations’ notices of
September 7, 1960, identified as “Minimum Safe
Crew Consist” and implementing proposals per­
taining thereto. The arbitration board shall in­
corporate in such decision any matters on which it
finds the parties were in agreement, shall resolve
the matters on which the parties were not in agree­
ment, and shall, in making its award, give due con­
sideration to those matters on which the parties
were in tentative agreement, Such award shall be
binding on both the carrier and organization par­
ties to the dispute and shall constitute a complete
and final disposition of the aforesaid issues covered
by the decision of the board of arbitration.
S ec . 4. T o the extent not inconsistent with this
joint resolution, the arbitration shall be conducted
pursuant to sections 7 and 8 of the Railway Labor
Act, the board’s award shall be made and filed as
provided in said sections and shall be subject to
section 9 of said Act. The United States District
Court for the District of Columbia is hereby desig­
nated as the court in which the award is to be
filed, and the arbitration board shall report to the
National Mediation Board in the same manner as
arbitration boards functioning pursuant to the
Railway Labor Act. The award shall continue in
force for such period as the arbitration board shall


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

determine in its award, but not to exceed 2 years
from the date the award takes effect, unless the
parties agree otherwise.
S ec . 5. The arbitration board shall begin its
hearings 30 days after the enactment of this
joint resolution or on such earlier date as the par­
ties to the dispute and the board may argee upon
and shall make and file its award not later than
90 days after the enactment of this joint resolu­
tion: Provided, however, That said award shall
not become effective until 60 days after the filing
of the award.
S ec . 6. The parties to the disputes arising from
the aforesaid notices shall immediately resume col­
lective bargaining with respect to all issues raised
in the notices of November 2, 1959, and September
7, 1960, not to be disposed of by arbitration under
section 3 of this joint resolution and shall exert
every reasonable effort to resolve such issues by
agreement. The Secretary of Labor and the Na­
tional Mediation Board are hereby directed to give
all reasonable assistance to the parties and to en­
gage in mediatory action directed toward promot­
ing such agreement.
S ec . 7. (a) In making any award under this
joint resolution, the arbitration board established
under section 2 shall give due consideration to the
effect of the proposed award upon adequate and
safe transportation service to the public and upon
the interests of the carrier and employees affected,
giving due consideration to the narrowing of the
areas of disagreement which has been accom­
plished in bargaining and mediation.
(b) The obligations imposed by this joint resolu­
tion, upon suit by the Attorney General, shall be
enforcible through such orders as may be necessary by any court of the United States having
jurisdiction of any of the parties.
S ec . 8. This joint resolution shall expire 180
days after the date of its enactment, except that
it shall remain in effect with respect to the last
sentence of section 4 for the period prescribed in
that sentence.
S ec . 9. If any provision of this joint resolution
or the application thereof is held invalid, the re­
mainder of this joint resolution and the applica­
tion of such provision to other parties or in other
circumstances not held invalid shall not be affected
thereby.

Technical N o te
Intercity Differences
in Family Food Budget Costs
J ean C. B rackett*

How d o c i t t - t o - c i t y v a r i a t i o n s in food prices and
regional preferences for specific food items of com­
parable nutritional adequacy affect the cost of a
family’s food budget? What are the effects on
place-to-place comparisons of family living costs
of using a single set of weights reflecting U.S. pref­
erence patterns or weights based on regional pref­
erences for specified food items in estimating food
budget costs? Answers to these questions were
obtained as a byproduct of research by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics for the revision of its standard
budgets for a family of four and an elderly couple
living in metropolitan areas.1 The findings are
summarized in this article.
When the same two lists of individual food items
were used in 20 different cities to estimate the
weekly cost of two food plans—a “low-cost” and a
“moderate-cost” plan—for a family of four, the
food budget varied by only $2.96 and $3.67 for the
low- and moderate-cost plans, respectively, in Oc­
tober 1959 (table 1). When standards of nutri­
tional adequacy were held constant but the lists of
individual food items were altered to reflect re­
gional preferences, the intercity variation in the
low-cost food budget for a family of four was
$6.86, and in the moderate-cost plan $7.19. Thus,
regional preference patterns in choices of food to
meet the nutritional standards doubled the range
in costs resulting from differences in prices only.
Variation in the costs of the low and moderate
food budgets for a retired couple showed a similar
pattern. An identical market basket of groceries
for a retired couple, such as urban families on a
moderate-cost food plan might select, cost $18.37
in Seattle and $16.50 in Kansas City at October
1959 prices—a difference of only $1.87 per average
week (table 2). When the market baskets were
varied to reflect regional preferences, however, the
range in weekly costs increased to $3.59, from


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$15.35 in Atlanta and Houston to $18.94 in Boston.
In the low-cost plan for a retired couple, price dif­
ferences in the 20 cities varied the cost of the food
budgets by only $1.44 per week; differences in food
habits and tastes increased this range to $3.44
weekly.
Description of the Food Budgets
The food plans on which these cost estimates are
based were developed by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture.2 The plans are guides for estimating
the quantities of foods in 11 groups 3 needed each
week to provide healthful meals for individuals
in different sex-age categories. Although no sys­
tematic compilation of data has been made that
shows consumption of food by persons of different
age and sex, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
estimated quantities at the group level for different
sex-age categories from a general knowledge of
food consumption habits and adjusted these esti­
mates by comparing them with the nutritive con­
tent of the food in each group according to the
National Research Council (NEC) allowances by
age and sex. Food plans for families of varying
size and composition can be constructed from the
suggested quantities for individuals. The criteria
used in developing the plans are nutritional ade­
quacy,4 the relative nutritional economy of food,5
*Of th e D iv isio n of L iv in g C onditions S tu d ies, B ureau o f Labor
S ta tis tic s.
a See “T he In terim C ity W orker’s F a m ily B u d g e t” and “T he
B L S In terim B u d get fo r a R etired C ouple,” M o n t h l y L a b o r R e ­
v i e w , A u g u st 1960, pp. 7 8 5 -8 0 8 , and N ovem ber 1960, pp. 1 1 4 1 1157, r esp ectiv ely .
3 T he 1955 H ou seh old Food C onsum ption S u rvey w a s th e source
o f in fo rm a tio n on th e k in ds and q u a n tities o f fo o d consum ed
w eek ly by fa m ilie s a t different incom e le v e ls ; from th ese data, th e
s u ita b ility of th e food fo r fa m ily m eals w a s determ ined. F o r a
d eta iled d escrip tion o f th e p lan s, see F a m i l y F o o d P l a n s a n d F o o d
C o s t s (W a sh in g to n , U .S. D ep artm en t of A g ricu ltu re, A g ricu ltu ra l
R esearch S ervice, 1 9 6 2 ), H om e E con om ics R esearch R eport 20.
3 The 11 food groups are : M ilk, cheese, ice cream ; m eat, p ou l­
try, fish ; eggs ; dry beans, peas, n u ts ; flour, cereals, baked g o o d s ;
c itr u s fr u its, t o m a to e s ; dark-green and deep-yellow v e g e t a b le s ;
p o t a t o e s ; oth er ve g eta b le s and f r u i t s ; fa t s and o i l s ; and su gars
and sw eets.
* T he stan d ard s fo r n u tr itio n a l adequ acy o f th e five food p la n s
a t different c o st le v e ls are based on th e d ie ta r y a llow an ces fo r spe­
cific age-sex grou p s recom m ended by th e F ood and N u tr itio n
B oard of th e N a tio n a l R esearch C ouncil in 1958. T h ese a llo w ­
a n ces are used a s m inim um g o a ls fo r e ig h t n u tr ien ts and as c e il­
in g s fo r calories. W h ile a ll th e p la n s are n u tr itio n a lly adequ ate,
th e h igh er c o st p la n s provide greater m argin s o f s a fe ty and a
w id er sele c tio n o f food s.
5
T he r ela tiv e n u tr itio n a l econom y o f fco d is th e n u tr itiv e re­
tu rn fo r m oney sp e n t fo r different groups o f food, c a lc u la te d from
su rvey d a ta on con su m p tion an d p rices p aid and from average
n u tr itiv e v alu es of food as com piled by th e U .S . D ep artm en t of
A gricu ltu re.

1189

1190
and the suitability of the food in relation to meal
patterns common in the United States.
Food plans for families at different economic
levels were developed by considering both the nu­
tritional economy of different food groups and
the survey information on food patterns and prices
that families at different income levels pay for
groups of food.6 The judgment of nutrition spe­
cialists was used to modify the quantities of major
food groups actually consumed in order to develop
plans at different cost levels for families with vary­
ing amounts of money to spend for food.
Differences in the two food plans discussed in
this article are: Compared with the moderate-cost
plan, the low-cost plan has larger quantities from
the food groups for which the relative economy
of nutrients is high—potatoes, dry beans and peas,
and flour and cereal—and smaller amounts of milk,
eggs, meat, poultry, fish, fruits, and vegetables
other than potatoes. Also, under the low-cost plan
users are assumed to select the less expensive foods
within the group. An additional calorie allow­
ance of 8 and 15 percent above the NRC require­
ment is made for waste and discard in the lowand moderate-cost plans, respectively. Finally, the
food group quantities in the low-cost plan deviate
from the quantities actually consumed by families
in the $2,000—
$2,999 income class (the low third of
the distribution) to a much greater extent than
the food group quantities in the moderate-cost plan
deviate from the quantities actually reported by
families in the $4,000-$4,999 income class (the
middle third of the income distribution). As
shown in the following tabulation, for example,
the per capita consumption of meat, poultry, and
fish in urban families in the low- and middleincome thirds amounted respectively to 4.02 and
4.26 pounds per week in the spring of 1955. In
the low- and moderate-cost food plans, however,
the per capita allowances are 2.6 and 4.1 pounds.
0
T he r ep resen ta tiv e c la sse s w ere th o se c o n ta in in g th e m edian
in com es o f th e low , m iddle, and h ig h th ird o f th e n a tio n a l incom e
d istrib u tio n . T he c la sse s r esp e c tiv e ly w ere $ 2 ,0 0 0 -$ 2 ,9 9 9 ,
$ 4 ,00 0 —$ 4 ,999, and $ 6 ,0 0 0 -$ 7 ,9 9 9 . See also fo o tn o te 7.
7 D a ta from th e $ 2 ,0 0 0 —$2 ,9 9 9 in com e c la ss w ere u sed fo r th e
lo w -c o st plan in a ll regions, in c lu d in g th e Sou th. T he c la ss con­
ta in in g th e m edian fo r th e lo w th ird o f th e incom e d istrib u tio n
fo r nonfarm fa m ilie s in th e S ou th, from w h ich th e sep a ra te plan
w a s developed, w a s $ 1 ,0 0 0 -$ !,9 9 9 .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963
P e r ca p ita w e e k ly q u a n tity —
U sed a t hom e b y
u rb a n f a m ilie s
in s p r in g 1956
L o w - M id d le incom e incom e
th ird
th ird

M ilk, cheese, ice cream 2_. --------- quart Meat, poultry, fish_______ ______ pound,.
Eggs ----------------------------- ______ dozen..
D ry beans, peas, nuts____ ______pound..
Flour, cereals, baked goods :3.............. d o .. ..
Citrus fruits, tomatoes____ _______ do ___
Dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables
pou nd..
Potatoes_________________ _______ do ___
Other vegetables and fruits..................do___
Fats, oils _______________ _______ do, _
Sugars, sweets ___________ _______do___

P ro vid ed in
fo o d p la n s 1

Low cost

M o d e ratecost

3.77
4.02
.55
.39
2. 65
1.75

4. 50
4. 26
.57
.35
2.41
2.19

4.6
2.6
.5
.3
2.9
2.1

4.7
4.1
.5
.2
2.6
2.5

.67
1.60
4. 57
.83
1. 24

.63
1. 71
5. 07
.81
1. 23

.7
2.1
4.4
.5
.6

1.9
6.1
.6
.8

.7

1Based on population weights of 1960.
2 Fluid whole milk or its equivalent in cheese, evaporated milk, dry milk, or
ice cream.
3 Weight in terms of flour and cereal.
Sotjkce: U.S. Department of Agriculture, op cit., tables 12 and 13, p. 24.

The quantities of the 11 food groups in each
of the two food plans are applicable to non farm
families in all regions of the United States. At
the major food group level, regional differences
in food consumption patterns were not considered
significant for two of the economic levels (middleand high-income thirds). For the low third of
the income distribution, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture developed a separate plan reflecting
differences in Southern patterns of consumption
in the meat and grain products groups in contrast
with the remainder of the country. However, BLS
used the U.S. nonfarm group quantities for the
South, as well as for the other regions.7
Within each of the 11 food groups, the group
quantities had to be expressed in terms of specific
foods which could be priced; and survey data
on consumption by regions, as well as for the
United States as a whole, were used to derive
these within-group weights. Four sets of weights,
reflecting regional preference patterns in the
Northeast, North Central, South, and West were
developed. Since there are no data on age and
sex differences in actual consumption of specific
food items, the distributions of individual food
items for the United States and the four regions
are the same for all family members. In practice,
the within-group U.S. or regional weights for in­
dividual foods are applied to an average price in
a city and these quantity-weighted prices are
summed to obtain the average price for the food
group.

1191

INTERCITY FAMILY FOOD BUDGET DIFFERENCES

Effects of Using U.S. or Regional Weights
When the Bureau of Labor Statistics was de­
veloping cost estimates for the interim revisions
of its budgets for a city worker’s family of four
and for a retired couple, it decided to use the re­
gional weights appropriate to each city, rather
than a single set of weights representing U.S.
preference patterns, in the food cost estimates.
Both sets of weights are shown in table 3. Some
of the notable regional variations are the higher
ratio in the South, in comparison with other re­
gions, of canned to fresh milk, pork to beef, flour
and meal (for home baking) to commercially
baked goods, and lard to butter.
When the costs of the food budgets were esti­
mated with regional weights, costs were lowest
for both four-person families and retired couples
in Houston and Atlanta. Costs were highest for
both family types in the Northeast—in Pittsburgh
for the low-cost plan and in Boston for the mod­
erate-cost plan. When only price differences
were allowed to affect the costs of the food plans,
however, the cities in the South were not among
the least expensive. Costs were lowest in the
North Central cities—in Cleveland for the lowcost plan, and in Minneapolis and Kansas City
for the moderate-cost plan. Costs were highest in
Boston for the low-cost plan and in Seattle for
the moderate-cost plan.8
In comparison with the preference patterns of
families in the Northeast, North Central, and
West, food choices of families in the South in­
cluded more items from the foods which were less
expensive not only in the South but in all parts
of the country. For example, in the low-cost food
plan, the cost in Boston for a pound of grain
products or their flour equivalent, composed of
items representing southern preferences, was 24
cents at October 1959 prices. The cost of grain
products items of the same nutritional adequacy
based on the food choices of established families
in Boston was 36 cents per pound, or $1.53 more
per week for a family of four. In Chicago, the
flour, cereals, and baked foods group with choices
representing North Central preferences averaged
33 cents per pound; with southern preferences,
22 cents a pound. In Seattle, western choices in
this food group cost 32 cents; southern choices, 25
cents.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The economy in the food preference pattern of
the South may be explained in part by the fact
that it is derived from the consumption data for
families with lower per capita income than the
families whose expenditures were the basis for
the weights for other regions. Families in the
South were larger; consequently, average per
capita income at the level used to derive the re­
gional weights for the low-cost food plan was
considerably less in the South than in other parts
of the country. At the income level used for
the weights for the moderate-cost plan, however,
there was less difference in per capita income in
the South and other regions, as shown in the fol­
lowing tabulation:
A ve ra g e p e r c a p ita in co m e
a fter ta x es, 1964
In c o m e cla ss

$2,000-$2,999
(lo w -co st
p la n )

Northeast _ _ ______
North Central________
South__ ______ ______
W est.
__
__ __

$795
782
626
877

$4,000-$4,999
( m oderateco st p la n )

$1,
1,
1,
1,

222
212
174
244

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service
Household Food Consumption Survey, 1955, Reports 2-5, p. 9.

The relative economy of the food choices in the
regional preference pattern of the South, in com­
parison with other regions, is much more pro­
nounced at the low-cost than at the moderate-cost
level of dietary. Low-cost diets for a four-person
family in the 16 cities outside of the South, esti­
mated with the appropriate regional weights, cost
from 14 to 29 percent more than an equally nutri­
tious diet in Washington, D.C., when the latter
■was based on the regional preference patterns of
the South. In all but five of these cities, the cost
was 20 percent or more than Washington costs.
However, the range in costs of the moderate food
plans in these 16 cities was only from 4 to 20 per­
cent more than the moderate-cost plan in Wash­
ington. The data suggest that regional differences
in food patterns lessen with rising income, and
buying habits come closer to the U.S. pattern.
8 S im ila r itie s in th e differences in fo o d c o st e stim a te s com puted
w ith U.iS. or region al w e ig h ts b etw een th e b u d gets fo r a fou rperson fa m ily and a retired couple are to be expected , sin ce th e
sam e region al q u a n tity w e ig h ts fo r in d iv id u a l food ite m s and th e
sam e prices are u sed in com p u tin g c o sts fo r both bu dgets. T he
v a r ia tio n betw een th e bu dgets is in th e to ta l q u a n titie s allow ed
fo r each food group. See also fo o tn o te 7.

1192

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

Suitability of Regional Patterns
Regional weights were considered more appro­
priate because the standard budgets were intended,
among other purposes, to measure differences in
living costs from place to place and not simply
differences in prices. Thus intercity indexes based
on the budgets are comparative living cost in­
dexes,9 not indexes of price differences from city
to city.
These intercity living cost indexes for the indi­
vidual components of the budgets, as well as for
all items combined, measure the differences in
costs for established families in each city. They
are applicable only to families for whom the re­
gional preference patterns for specific food items,
from which the index weights were derived, are a
reasonable approximation of food habits and
tastes. Intercity indexes based on the regional
preference pattern are not an appropriate measure
T a b l e 1.

of differences in costs for the newly migrated fam­
ily, since it is unlikely to acquire or adopt new
preferences immediately.
Of course, regional food preference patterns are
not an equally appropriate description of the food
habits and tastes of families in all of the cities
within the region. The preference pattern devel­
oped for the South, for example, is probably a
better description of the food patterns of families
in Atlanta than of those in Baltimore.10 In gen­
eral, however, the regional pattern should be more
B I n ad d itio n to th e food com ponent of th e budgets, th e e s ti­
m ates fo r fuel an d clo th in g an d th e p ro p o rtio n of fam ilies who
w ere considered to be autom obile ow ners w ere based on regional
v a ria tio n s in requirem ents.
10 I n th e cost estim ates of th e bu d g ets fo r a city w orker’s fam ily
an d a re tire d couple, th e U.S. p a tte r n w as used fo r W ashington,
D.C. I t w as considered m ore ap p ro p ria te th a n th e p a tte rn of th e
South because th e population in W ashington comes from all p a rts
of th e Ulnited S tates. Also, W ashington serves as th e base city in
th e com putation of in te rc ity indexes based on th e budgets.

W e e k l y C o sts o f a L o w - a n d M o d e r a t e - C o st F ood P la n 1 f o r a F a m il y o f F o u r ,2 W it h R e g io n a l
U .S. P r e f e r e n c e P a t t e r n s f o r S p e c if ic F ood I t e m s 3 a n d I n d e x e s , O c t o b e r 1959
Indexes (Washington, D .C .=100)

W eekly costs
Region and city

Moderate-cost plan, with
Low-cost plan, with
preference pattern of—
preference pattern of—

Low-cost plan, with
preference pattern of—

United States

Region

United States

$36. 52
36. 26
36.08
36. 51
34.45

$34.10
34.02
33.65
34.19
32.23

128
128
127
129

101

$2.41

$2.07

$1.96

26.97
26.25
25.76
27.09
25. 41
25. 06
26. 32

24.75
24.07
22. 99
24.74
23.11
23.05
23.99

33.56
32. 88
32.09
33.80
31.69
31.53
32.88

33. 58
32.92
32.08
33. 78
31.64
31.54
32.85

$2.03

$1.76

$2.27

$2.24

Atlanta_______________ ________________________
Baltimore____________________ ____ _____________
Houston____ _____________ _______________ . . .
Washington, D .C _______________________________

21.60
21.91
21.44
21.99

24.31
24. 37
24.01
24. 70

29.35
30.38
29.33
30.45

33.26
33.43
32. 71
33.78

Range...........................................................................

$0.55

$0. 69

$1.12

$1.07

Los Angeles_____________________________________
Portland__ ______ _________________ ____________
San Francisco___________________________________
Seattle_____ ____ _______ ______________ __________

26. 34
26.11
27.19
27. 41

24.85
24.51
24. 85
25.67

33.77
33.39
34.79
35.18

33. 85
33.37
34.75
35.21

Range..................... ....................................................

$1.30

$1.16

$1.79

$1.84

20-city range.........................................................................

6. 86

2.96

7.19

3.67

Region

United States

Boston.................................................................................
N ew York______________________________________
Philadelphia____________________________________
Pittsburgh_________________________ _ ________
Scranton.____ __________________________________

$28.18
28.19
27.89
28.30
26. 69

$25.95
24.97
24.57
25.12
23. 54

Range..........................................................................

$1.61

Chicago_________________________________________
C incinnati______________________________________
Cleveland_______________________________ _______
D etroit_________________________________________
Kansas C ity____________________________________
Minneapolis...........................................................................
St. Louis.................................................................................
Range...........................................................................

N ortheast

N orth C entral

South

W est

1 Providing 84 meals per week at home.
2 Prepared for the Interim City Worker’s Fam ily Budget; see p. 791 of
source cited in text footnote 1.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Region

and

121

123
119
117
123
116
114

105

99

102
95

100
97
93

100

120

94
93
97

98

98

97

99
97

100
100

100

120

101

119
124
125

99

101

104

Moderate-cost plan, with
preference pattern of—
Region

120

119
118

120
113

110

108
105
111
104
104
108

96

100

96

100

United States

101
101
100
101
95

99
97
95

100
94
93

97

98
99

97

100

111

100

114
116

103
104

110

99

2 Food plans for the United States and 4 regions developed by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. For a detailed description of the plans, see
source cited in text footnote 2.

1193

INTERCITY FAMILY FOOD BUDGET DIFFERENCES
T a b l e 2.

W e e k l y C o sts o f a L o w - a n d M o d e r a t e -C o st F ood P la n 1 f o r a R e t ir e d C o u p l e ,2 W it h R e g io n a l
a n d U.S. P r e f e r e n c e P a t t e r n s f o r S p e c if ic F ood I t e m s 3 a n d I n d e x e s , O c t o b e r 1959
Indexes (Washington, D .C . =100)

W eekly costs
Region and city

Low-cost plan, with
Moderate-cost plan, with
preference pattern of—
preference pattern of—

Low-cost plan, with
preference pattern of—

Region

Region

United States

Region

United States

N ortheast
B oston-____________________________ __________
N ew York...................... ......................................................
Philadelphia..........................................................................
Pittsburgh................................................... ......... ............
Scranton___________________________ ______ _____

$14.45
14.39
14. 27
14. 47
13. 63

$13.31
12.76
. 61
12.90
12.05

$18.94
18. 72
18.70
18.89
17. 82

$17.72
17.56
17. 46
17. 71
16. 67

Range.................................... .....................................

$0.84

$1.26

$1.12

$1.05

N orth C entral
Chicago_________________________________ ____ _
Cincinnati________ ______________________________
Cleveland____________________ _________________
D etroit— ....................... - ................ - .................. - ...........Kansas C ity.......................... .............................. ................
Minneapolis..................................................................... —
St. Louis..................- .............. - .................................... —.

13.78
13.50
13.27
13.91
13.09
13. 00
13.52

12. 66
12. 41
11.87
12.72
11.92
11.96
12.36

17.31
17.09
16.65
17.52
16.50
16.50
17.07

17.37
17.17
16.71
17. 57
16.50
16.54
17.12

R ange..........................................................................

$0.91

$0.85

$1.02

$1.07

A tlanta___ _____________________________________
Baltimore______________ ______ ______ ___________
Houston................. .......................................... .....................
Washington, D .C ________________________________

11.13
11.32
11.03
11.36

12.49
12.51
12.31
12.71

15.35
15. 90
15.35
15.94

17. 26
17.34
16.98
17. 58

Range____________ _______________________

$0.33

$0.40

$0.59

$0.60

Los Angeles_____________________________________
Portland_____ _____ ____________________________
San Francisco_____ ______ _______________________
Seattle............. ................................................................... ...

13.56
13.43
14.01
14.15

12. 81
12.63
12. 75
13.29

17. 60
17.36
18.11
18.33

17. 67
17.37
18.11
18.37

Range.......... ..................... .... .....................................

$0. 72

$0. 66

$0.97

$1.00

20-city range.... ......................................................................

3.44

1.44

3.59

1.87

South

W est

12

1
2

Providing 42 meals per week at home.
Prepared for the Interim Budget for a Retired Couple; see p. 1149 of
source cited in text footnote 1.

T a b l e 3.

M ilk and milk products_
Fresh milk and cream.
Canned and dry m ilk.
Cheese, ice cream, etc.
M eat, poultry, and fish...........
Beef, veal, lam b.............
Pork, bacon, ham ---------Frankfurter, lunch meats.
Chicken________ _______
Fresh and canned fish___
Grain products_______________
Flour, corn m eal__________
Prepared flour m ix________
Rice, rolled oats___________
Ready-to-eat cereals_______
Bread, crackers, cookies, etc.
Fats and oils.......................
B utter_____________
Margarine__________
Vegetable shortening.
Lard and oil....... ........
Salad dressing...........

1

Northeast

North
Central

101
100
99
101

119
117
117
119

121

100

122

98
93

100

109
107
104

94
94
97

104
104
107

98

98
98
97

100
96
100

100

101
99
100

110

101

105

120

112

95

119
117

115
114
119

100
97
100

100

119
118
123
125

95

110

100

96

98
99
97

109
114
115

105

99
98
95

94
94
97

99
103
104

for

P r ic in g F ood P la n s

at

T

wo

C o st L e v e l s , 1

Moderate-cost plan
South

West

United
States

Northeast

North
Central

South

West

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000
.768
.085
.147

1.006
.797
.060
.144

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

.112

.101

.189
.092

.410
.244
.123
.144
.078

1.000

.684
.156
.159

.345
.266
.119
.162
.107

1.000
.480
.019
.072
.074
.354

1.000
.156
.247
.156
.259
.181

.729
.116
.155

.439
.203
.108
.143
.107

1.000
.274

.765
.075
.159

.389
.266
.142
.106
.097

1.000

.045
.136
.524

.311
.032
.038
.146
.473

1.000

1.000

.020

.252
.346
.091
.151
.161

.244
.216
.192
.134
.215

Adapted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (to account for changes in the
imputation of unpriced to priced items) from weights derived by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture based on average consumption of all nonfarm


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

United States

100
99
101

127
127
126
127

Low-cost plan
United
States

Region

United States

3 See footnote 3, table 1.

Q u a n t it y W e ig h t s W it h in F o u r M a jo r F ood G r o u p s
b y R e g io n

Food group

Moderate-cost plan, with
preference pattern of—

.606
.239
.155

.254
.314
.112
.202

.118

1.000
.606
.011

.682
.129
.188

.454
.192
.137
.143
.074

1.000

.091
.058
.234

.405
.041
.063
.094
.397

1.000

1.000

.092
.218
.159
.356
.176

.130
.272
.187
.234
.177

.405
.240
.159
.085

1.000
.308
.032
.043
.106
.511

1.000

.206
.256
.188
.157
.194

.427
.191

.788
.061
.151

.716
.150
.134

.309
.343
.119
.140
.089

.722
.108
.170

.468
.203
.098
.153
.078

1.000

1.000

.028
.043
.156
.572

.257
.031
.033
.157
.522

.483
.027
.050
.084
.356

1.000
.255
.043
.051
.143
.508

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

.202

.288
.261
.121

.155
.175

.257
.229
.199
.116
.198

.091
.251
.231
.222
.204

.120

.318
.220
.142
.200

households of 2 persons or more at the indicated income levels, reported in
its 1955 Household Food Consumption Survey.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1194
applicable to the majority of cities in the region
than the more highly generalized pattern for the
United States. Also, when the objective is the
measurement of the cost of equivalent standards
of living, as was the case with the food budget
cost estimates prepared by the Bureau, the re­
gional preference patterns are preferred over food
expenditure data for the individual city as a basis
for allocating the quantities of major food groups
to individual food items. While the U.S. prefer­
ence patterns are too broad to serve as a “specifica­
tion” for a standard food budget, the actual ex­
penditure patterns, which reflect past income
levels, educational background, ethnic origins,

etc., of the city’s population, are likely to differ
markedly in nutritional content from city to city.
The relative differences in costs of the two food
plans in cities within regions is about the same,
whether costs are estimated with regional or U.S.
weights. In the seven North Central cities, for
example, the ranges in costs for the low-cost food
plans estimated with regional and U.S. weights
were $2.03 and $1.76 and for the moderate-cost
plan $2.27 and $2.24, respectively. Since the same
regional preference patterns are used for all of the
cities within a region, both the regional and U.S.
weighted estimates reflect only price differences
among the cities within a region.

Revision of Establishment
Employment Statistics, 1963

ministration (for small firms and nonprofit orga­
nizations), Bureau of the Census (for State and
local government), the Civil Service Commission
(for Federal civilian employment), the Interstate
Commerce Commission (for interstate railroads) .2

D orothy H in t o n *
W i t h t h e i n i t i a l p u b l ic a t io n

Estimates Compared With Benchmarks

Benchmark Source Material

Compared with the benchmark count of 54.4
million workers on establishment payrolls in
March 1962, the total nonagricultural estimate
based on the sample was lower by only 386,000, less
than 1 percent. Of the eight industry divisions,
six, accounting for 80 percent of nonfarm employ­
ment, differed by less than 1 percent—mining;
manufacturing; transportation and public utili­
ties; trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and government. Of the two remaining divisions,

The most important source of benchmark data
is the compulsory unemployment insurance pro­
gram. Reports compiled from this program pro­
vide almost three-fourths of the nonagricultural
employment total. Other important sources of
benchmark data include the Social Security Ad­

*Of the Division of Industry Employment Statistics, Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
1 See Current Labor Statistics, tables A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5,
B—1, C -l, C—2, C-3, C—4, C—5, and C-6.
2 For a detailed description of benchmark preparation and
sources, see “The 1959 Benchmarks for the BLS Payroll Em­
ployment Statistics,” Monthly Lalor Review, December 1962,
pp. 1385-1392.

of August 1963
data in this issue,1 the Bureau of Labor Statistics
has adjusted its employment, hours, earnings, and
labor turnover statistics derived from establish­
ment reports to new benchmark levels for March
1961 and March 1962. Since the monthly data are
estimates based on reports by a sample of estab­
lishments, they are revised periodically to a bench­
mark, or complete count.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

REVISION OF ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
C o m pa r iso n op BLS N on agricu ltura l E m pl o y m en t E s t i ­
m a t es W i t h M a r c h 1962 B e n c h m a r k s , by I n dustry
D iv is io n
[Workers in thousands]

Employment
Industry division

Difference
between bench­
marks and
estimates

Bench­
mark

BLS
estimate

N um ­
ber

T otal...............................................

54,442

54,056

-3 8 6

-.7

M ining........ ..............................................
Contract construction............................
Manufacturing_______ ____ ________
Transportation and public u tilities...
Wholesale and retail trade.......... .........
Finance, insurance, and real e sta te...
Service and miscellaneous__________
Government___ _______ ___________

645
2,480
16, 618
3,865
11,213
2, 757
7, 731
9,133

640
2,328
16, 525
3,880
11, 223
2,754
7,573
9,133

-5
-1 5 2
-9 3
15

-.8
- 6 .1
-.6
.4
.1
-.1
- 2 .0
0

10

-3
-1 5 8

0

Per­
cent

service and miscellaneous industries were 2 percent
lower and contract construction was 6 percent
lower. The latter division presents the most diffi­
cult problem in the field of employment estimation.
The accompanying table shows the amount of re­
vision made in the series for each of the major
industry divisions.3
About a third of total nonagricultural employ­
ment is in manufacturing. Because turns in the
business cycle are frequently led by changes first
occurring in this sector, the small revision of 0.6
percent in the employment estimates for manufac3
For greater detail on the benchmark revision, see Employment
and Earnings, September 1963, pp. 1-16.

706-442—63

5


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1195

turing is particularly important. Of the 21 major
manufacturing industries for which estimates are
published, 13 groups with almost 60 percent of
manufacturing employment differed from the
benchmark by 2 percent or less.
Estimates differ from benchmarks primarily be­
cause changes actually occurring in employment
for the industry as a whole are not precisely re­
flected by the experience of establishments in the
reporting sample, or because plants change their
primary product, causing a shift in their classifi­
cation from one industry to another. These shifts
in industry classification are not reflected in the
BLS estimates until they are revised to new bench­
mark levels. For example, differences between
estimates and benchmarks in the ordnance and
aircraft industries were large because the esti­
mates had not previously reflected the shifting of
several large plants from aircraft to missile man­
ufacture. In contract construction, independent
variations in employment among firms, many of
which are small, and the frequency of their forma­
tion and dissolution, all contribute to the difficulty
of obtaining reliable estimates without inordinate
delay or expense.
Data for 98 additional individual manufactur­
ing industries for August, advancing the currency
of the series by 1 month, are being published in
this issue of the M onthly Labor R eview . Samples
for these preliminary estimates are now sufficiently
reliable to permit their publication.

Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*
Labor Relations
Duty to Bargain. A U.S. court of appeals has
ruled that an employer may not unilaterally
change the terms of employment after a bargain­
ing deadlock which resulted, in part, from the em­
ployer’s unfair labor practices.1
During negotiations for a new collective bar­
gaining contract, the employer, in proposing vari­
ous changes in the contract terms, insisted par­
ticularly on altering the grievance procedure to
require the signature of the aggrieved employee
in each case. Three days before the expiration
of the old contract, the company informed the
union that unless an agreement were reached by
the expiration date, it would—among other uni­
lateral changes—abrogate the existing grievance
procedure and preferential seniority rights for
union representatives. When bargaining remained
deadlocked 2 weeks later, the company, on 2 days’
notice, unilaterally effectuated all of its original
proposals regarding the terms and conditions of
employment. Subsequently, the union called a
strike and filed charges with the National Labor
Relations Board.
The union contended that the company’s insist­
ence on an individual-signature provision, its abro­
gation of seniority rights and grievance procedure,
and its unilateral imposition of its other proposals
constituted unfair labor practices prohibited by the
Labor Management Relations Act. The Board
ruled in favor of the union on the first two points:
It held that insistence on the individual-signature
provision was improper since such a provision was
not a mandatory subject of bargaining; and that
the abrogation of seniority rights and grievance
procedure, on insufficient notice, was an unfair
labor practice because these items were manda­
tory subjects of bargaining. However, the Board
ruled that the employer’s unilateral action in
effecting the other changes was justified since the
parties had reached a bargaining impasse.
1196


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The court of appeals affirmed the Board on the
first two points and reversed it on the third. It
said that there could be no “legally cognizable im­
passe” justifying unilateral action if a cause of the
impasse was the failure of one party to bargain in
good faith. Since the company had contributed
to the impasse by its earlier actions found to be
refusals-to-bargain, the court held that this could
not be considered a deadlock in negotiations which
justifies unilateral changes.
To the Board’s contention that it alone is com­
petent to determine whether an impasse really ex­
ists, the court replied that the Board can certainly
find that the parties are deadlocked, but “whether
such a deadlock legally justifies a unilateral altera­
tion in the conditions of employment is, at the very
least, a mixed question of law and fact.”
Sub contracting. A U.S. court of appeals, revers­
ing the NLRB, held 2 that the LMRA does not re­
quire the employer to bargain on subcontracting
work of economic strikers when he does so to keep
his business operating during the strike. Conse­
quently, the court held, the employer’s decision in
this case to make the subcontracting arrangement
permanent did not change the strike to an unfairlabor-practice one.
When several attempts to reach agreement with
a certified union of its employees failed and a strike
was probable, the company negotiated with an
independent contractor to perform its delivery
service work in the event the strike was called.
When the strike did occur, the contractor rented
the company’s trucks and supplied truckdrivers,
truck helpers, and auto mechanics to run the de­
livery service. The company told the strikers if
they did not resume work they would be perma­
nently replaced, and announced the subcontract­
ing. When the strike continued, the company re­
iterated its statement and added that the delivery
jobs no longer existed. Later the union requested
that the strikers be reinstated, but the company
♦Prepared in the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the
Solicitor. The cases covered in this article represent a selection
of the significant decisions believed to be of special interest. No
attempt has been made to reflect all recent judicial and adminis­
trative developments in the field of labor law or to indicate the
effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the
existence of local precedents, or a different approach by the courts
to the issue presented.
1 Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers v.
NLRB; Bethlehem Steel Go. v. Same (C.A. 3, July 30, 1963).
2 Hawaii Meat Go. v. NLRB (C.A. 9, July 22, 1963).

SIGNIFICANT DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES

refused and informed the union that its subcon­
tracting arrangement was permanent.
The Board held that section 8(a)(5) of the
LMRA requires the employer to bargain with the
union about his decision to subcontract even
though the decision was made for economic rea­
sons. The Board said this does not mean that the
company must notify the union of its intention to
subcontract its work in case of strike, but the
union must have an opportunity to bargain about
the proposal after the strike begins. Since the
Board held that the letters to the employees had
converted the strike into an unfair labor practice
strike, it ordered the reinstatement of the strikers
with back pay.
In reviewing the Board’s decision, the court
said that an employer has a legal right to keep his
business operating when he is confronted with a
strike. Although the presence of a strike does not
permit the employer to commit unfair labor prac­
tices, it does in some cases permit him to engage
in activities which, in the absence of a strike, would
be unfair labor practices. The court said that if
the employer were required to bargain on such
matters, the union could render ineffective the
employer’s efforts to avoid the interruption of
operations by simply agreeing to bargain.
The court cited an earlier opinion of the U.S.
Supreme Court that “. . . economic pressure by
the parties to a labor dispute is not a grudging ex­
ception to some policy of completely academic dis­
cussion enjoined by the act; it is part and parcel
of the process of collective bargaining.” 3
Pointing to an earlier Supreme Court decision4
that an employer is under no duty to bargain on
permanently replacing individual strikers, the
court of appeals held that since the Board cannot
interfere with the employer’s decision on replace­
ment, it is no less improper for it to interfere
when the employer decides to keep his business
going by subcontracting.
Hot-Cargo Agreements. The NLRB invalidated
a provision held over in a 1961 agreement between
the Teamsters and the Chicago meat packers
from the old contract, requiring that deliveries
3 NLRB v. Insurance Agents’ Union, 361 U.S. 498 (1960) ; see
Monthly Labor Review, April 1960, p. 392u
4NLRB v. Maclcay Radio <£ Telegraph Go., 304 U.S. 333 (1938) ;
see Monthly Labor Review, July 1938, pp. 82-85.
e Teamsters Union Local 710 and Wilson & Go., Inc.; Same and
Frozen Food Express, 143 NLRB No. 117 (Aug. 6, 1963).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1197
originating in Chicago be made by the packers’
own employees, and that “all effort” be made to
subcontract overflow cartage only to carriers em­
ploying members of the union. The appendix to
the new contract, moreover, contained a proposed
“New Addendum” whose validity was specifically
to be determined by the NLRB. The addendum
provided that deliveries from outside the city be
transported and delivered locally by members of
the bargaining unit, and that overflow cartage be
subcontracted only to carriers whose employees
enjoy wages and other benefits at least equal to
those provided by the primary employer.
Upon review of the contract, the Board ruled 5
that the provisions of the proposed addendum
violated the LMRA’s ban on hot-cargo agreements.
Both the old contract provision and the new
addendum were challenged by the packers as vio­
lative of section 8(e) of the LMRA, in that they
limited the employer’s freedom to choose with
whom to do business. The union, on the other
hand, contended that the provisions were intended
to protect the work and wages of employees within
the bargaining unit.
All members of the Board agreed that the orig­
inal contract’s provision violated section 8(e),
since the practical effect of requiring the packers
to use “all effort” to employ a union carrier would
be to preclude them from doing business with
nonunion carriers.
A majority of the Board concluded that sec­
tion 8(e) also barred both provisions of the new
addendum. The first provision, requiring that all
deliveries originate from the packers’ Chicago
terminal, would disrupt existing business relation­
ships with outside shippers. The second provi­
sion, relating to subcontracting of overflow cartage,
also violated section 8(e) in that it limited the
employer’s choice of persons with whom he might
deal, and in that the union’s primary purpose was
shown by the history of the negotiations to be to
protect the working conditions of all its members
in the Chicago area, rather than those of members
of the bargaining unit.
Chairman McCulloch dissented from the holding
that the first provision of the new addendum was
invalid. He argued that since the number of
shipments originating within Chicago had de­
clined as a result of a transfer of packing plants
to points outside the city, any deliveries into the

1198
city of Chicago could be considered as work tradi­
tionally performed by the unit. Since the union
could properly insist on provisions to retain work
traditionally done by members of the unit, even
if such provisions would affect the employer’s busi­
ness relationships, the provision should have been
upheld.
Member Brown, agreeing with Chairman Mc­
Culloch on the first provision of the addendum,
argued that the subcontracting provision of that
addendum was also valid since it was intended
to discourage the use of subcontracting to under­
mine the work standards of the packers’ own
employees.
Recognitional Picketing. Upon reconsideration,
the NLRB held6 that organizational or recogni­
tional picketing under the LMRA is privileged
if it is for the publicity purposes specified by the
law 7 and does not affect delivery, but it may not
be for the purpose of inducing organized labor’s
response.
Electrical workers began to picket a contractor
when he refused to sign a contract with the union,
their signs indicating that the employer did not
employ union members. Picketing was frequently
carried on near the delivery entrance of the build­
ing away from the public observation. After 30
days of picketing, during which no election peti­
tion was filed, the signs were changed to allege
low salaries and other austere labor conditions.
The contractor brought charges against the union
for violating section 8(b) (7) (C).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

In reviewing the original decision, the court of
appeals had ruled that the Board should not have
relied on the wording of the picketing signs and
a previous finding that the union’s ultimate ob­
jective was recognition. Rather, the Board should
have made a finding on whether the union’s pur­
pose was to signal economic action by organized
labor or to advise the public as permitted by the
publicity proviso. The court remanded the case
for reconsideration.
Upon reconsidering the case, the Board found
that the change of legends on the picket signs had
not changed the nature of the picketing since the
union’s objective had been the same throughout—
to force or require the contractor to recognize it
as the bargaining representative of the electrical
workers. Referring to the appellate court’s state­
ment that the proviso “is intended . . . to exclude
the invocation of pressure by organized labor
groups or members of unions,” the Board pointed
out that the union had concentrated much of its
picketing activities at delivery entrances, where
the public could not observe it, and attempts had
been made by the pickets to prevent the deliveries,
with the obvious intention of inducing organized
labor to pressure the contractor. Thus the picket­
ing had not been privileged under the proviso, the
Board concluded, affirming its original decision.
6 Local S, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and
Jack Picoult, 144 NLRB No. 9 (Aug. 19, 1963).
7 The purposes named in the second proviso of section 8(b)
(7) (C) are: To advise the public that an employer “does not
employ members of, or have a contract with, a labor organiza­
tion . . . .”

Chronology of
Recent Labor Events

August 1, 1963
and the Air Line Pilots announced an
agreement after 2%-year negotiations, which had been
complicated by United’s acquisition of Capital Airlines in
October of 1962, effective for 18 months and retroactive
to July 1, 1963. New monthly pay scales range to $2,655
for pilots, $1,687 for copilots, and $1,433 for second officers.
Furlough pay and retirement allowances were also in­
creased. (See also p. 1202 of this issue.)
U n i t e d A ir L i n e s

August 6
T h e O i l , C h e m i c a l a n d A t o m ic W o r k e r s U n i o n ratified a
contract covering about 2,000 workers at the Shell Oil Co.’s
Houston refinery, ending a year-old strike. The settle­
ment included a 5-percent wage increase, an early retire­
ment plan, limitations on subcontracting, and a work force
reduction. ( See also p. 1205 of this issue.)

August 7
A c t i n g u n d e r p r o v i s i o n s o f the Walsh-Healey Public
Contracts Act, Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz set a
minimum wage of $1.70 an hour for persons employed
in the manufacture or furnishing of conveyors or con­
veying equipment.

August 13
A 3-y e a r c o n t r a c t signed by the Marine and Shipbuilding
Workers Union and the Bethlehem Steel Co.’s shipbuilding
division covering more than 15,000 workers at six yards in
Boston, New York, and Baltimore provided a general
wage increase of 6 cents an hour retroactive to August 1,
1963, and increases of 5 cents on the same date in 1964 and
1965. Fringe benefit improvements totaled 13 cents an
hour. ( See also p. 1204 of this issue.) The union had pre­
viously settled with Todd Shipyards on a 28-cent package
for 4,000 workers. (See MLR, September 1963, p. 1077.)

August 14
AFL-CIO President George Meany named Alexander E.
Barkan as director of the Committee on Political Educa­
tion to replace the late James L. McDevitt. Mr. Barkan
became deputy director of the committee in 1957 and has
been acting director since Mr. McDevitt’s death on March
19, 1963.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

August 15
AFL-CIO Executive Council closed its session at
Unity House, Pa., after referring to constituent unions the
decision on participation in the August 28 civil rights
demonstration. The Council also passed resolutions call­
ing for tax cuts and liberalization of workers’ eligibility
for benefits under the Trade Expansion Act. The AFLCIO annual contribution to the International Confedera­
tion of Free Trade Unions was cut from $1,225,000 to
$716,600. ( See also pp. 1206 of this issue.)
The

U.S. S e n a t e confirmed the appointment of Howard
Jenkins, Jr., to the National Labor Relations Board to
replace Philip Ray Rodgers, whose term expires August
27, 1963. Mr. Jenkins was Assistant Commissioner of
the Labor Department’s Bureau of Labor-Management
Reports.
The

August 16
extended its agreement
with the American Merchant Marine Institute covering
25,000 jobs for 34 passenger and freight shipping com­
panies to June 15, 1969. Effective in 1965, pensions are
to be increased $25, to $150 a month, after 20 years’ serv­
ice, regardless of age, and members w ill begin receiving
60 days’ vacation annually. The employers are to con­
tribute 25 cents a day per man to an automation fund.
Wage reopenings are provided. (See also p. 1201 of this
issue.)
T h e N a t io n a l M a r it im e U n io n

August 18
R a t i f i c a t i o n o f 3-year contracts containing 30^-cent
wage packages by members of the Lumber and Sawmill
Workers and the International Woodworkers with 6 Pa­
cific Northwest fir lumber and plywood companies sub­
stantially ended an industrywide strike and lockout
which had commenced June 6. The two unions had set­
tled in late July with the Simpson Lumber Co. and earlier
in August with the Georgia Pacific Corp. The “Big Six”
settlement was followed by settlements with the Timber
Operators Council and other major operators in the in­
dustry. The strike-lockout had involved 29,000 workers.
(See also pp. 1204 of this issue.)

August 24
to t h e
c o n v e n t io n
of the 20,000-member
Photo Engravers’ Union in Miami Beach adjourned after
approving plans for merger with the independent 40,000member Lithographers Union and reelecting its principal
officers without opposition. The proposed merger plan,
if approved in September at the Lithographer’s Montreal
convention, will be submitted to mail referendums of both
memberships. ( See also p. 1206 of this issue.)

D elegates

1199

1200

August 28
A n a t i o n w i d e rail strike was averted when President
John F. Kennedy signed a bill providing for arbitration
in the dispute between major carriers and the five operat­
ing unions. The issues to be resolved for a 2-year period
by a tripartite seven-man arbitration board are the use
of firemen in freight and yard service and the size of train
crews. The law directed the parties to resume bargaining
immediately on all other issues in the 3%-year-old dis­
pute. (See also pp. 1201 and 1187 of this issue.)
goals of 200,000 civil rights
marchers in Washington, D.C., included a massive Federal
program to train and place unemployed workers, an ex­
tension of the Fair Labor Standards Act to excluded
employment with an increase in the minimum wage to
$2 an hour, a Federal Fair Employment Practices Act,
and the withholding of Federal funds from programs

T h e e c o n o m ic o p p o r t u n it y


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963
where discrimination exists. The demonstrators also
sought desegregation of all public schools, a stronger Ex­
ecutive order prohibiting discrimination in housing, and
a reduction in congressional seats in States where citizens
are disenfranchised.

August 30
S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r Wirtz amended the general regula­
tions of the Walsh-Healey Act to permit student-learner
employment at wages lower than the prevailing minimum
wage, in accordance with procedures for student-learners
under the Fair Labor Standards Act. The amendments
apply to students employed part time as part of a voca­
tional training program and authorize the Administrator
of the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions of
the Department of Labor to issue certificates for their
employment at lower rates.

Developments in
Industrial Relations*

Wages and Collective Bargaining

->

Transportation. Following a last-minute break­
down in negotiations 1 between the parties over
arbitration procedures, President John F. Ken­
nedy on August 28 signed a bill that delayed intro­
duction of new work rules by the Nation’s rail­
roads and averted a threatened strike of some
200,000 operating employees belonging to five
unions. The measure called for binding arbitra­
tion by a tripartite seven-man panel of the two
issues that had been the crux of the 3i£-year-old
dispute—the use of firemen in freight and yard
service and the size of train crews.2 An award
binding for 2 years was to be made within 90 days
after enactment of the law; the award becomes
effective 60 days later. In effect, this postponed a
shutdown over other issues for 6 months and re­
opening on these two for at least 2 years.
Members of the panel were J. E. Wolfe, chair­
man of the National Kail way Labor Conference,
and Guy W. Knight, vice president of the Pennsyl­
vania Railroad, chosen by the carriers; H. E. Gil­
bert, president of the Locomotive Firemen and
Enginemen, and R. H. McDonald, vice president
of the Railroad Trainmen, chosen by the unions;
and Ralph T. Seward, permanent arbitrator for
the Steelworkers and Bethlehem Steel, Benjamin
Aaron, director of the Institute of Industrial Re­
lations of the University of California at Los
Angeles, and James J. Healy, professor of indus­
trial relations at Harvard University, chosen by
President John F. Kennedy. Mr. Seward was
designated chairman of the board.
Collective bargaining would be resumed on other
issues, including pay structure changes, revision
of the 100-mile standard for a day’s pay, perform­
ance of yard and road work by the same crew, and
the manning of self-propelled vehicles.
The American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc.,
and the National Maritime Union on August 16

0


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

extended their current agreement which affects ap­
proximately 15,000 jobs, from June 15, 1965, to
June 15, 1969. The employers agreed to give all
unlicensed seamen a 60-day annual vacation be­
ginning in June 1965, regardless of how many
member companies they had worked for. Previ­
ously, they received only 30 days unless they had
worked for a single employer during the year.
The companies also agreed to contribute an addi­
tional 86iJ> cents a man-day to the pension and
welfare fund, effective also in June 1965, and to
increase monthly pensions to $150 a month after
20 years’ service, from $125 at age 65. On June 13,
1963, the parties had agreed to divert the 21/4percent wage increases due in 1963 and 1964 to the
same fund, in addition to the $1.91 per man-day
previously contributed.3 Beginning in June 1965,
the companies also agreed to pay an additional 25
cents per man-day to the Employment Security
Fund “for the purpose of meeting the impact of
automation and mechanization.” The union ob­
tained provision for service fees equivalent to dues
and initiation fees from nonmembers. The agree­
ment also gave the union a choice between one wage
review in 1967 or a wage review in 1966 and one in
1968; the former would consider changes in other
segments of the industry as “guidelines” and the
latter, wage and benefit developments in other
major industries. If the parties can neither com­
plete negotiations within 30 days nor agree to
extended periods of bargaining, the issues will be
sent for final decision to permanent arbitrator
Theodore W. Kheel.
The Tanker Service Committee, Inc., subse­
quently reached agreement with the same union
on similar terms.
The American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc.,
also reached agreement with the Marine Engineers’
Beneficial Association on July 26 as a result of an
annual review of their basic contract signed in
1961.4 The memorandum of understanding pro­
vided wage increases of up to 4% percent for all
chief engineers and some first assistant engineers.
The companies will contribute an additional $1.48
♦Prepared in the Division of Wage Economics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, on the basis of published material available in midSeptember.
1 See Monthly Labor Review, Sept. 1963, p. 11079«
2 For the text of the legislation, see pp. 1187-1188 of this issue.
8 Ibid,, p. 1080.
4
That contract had provided that the annual reviews would
be subject to 3%-percent maximum increases. See Monthly Labor
Review, October 1961, p. 1120.
1201

1202

per day beginning prior to June 16, 1964, to the
pension fund for increasing the existing $200
monthly pension to $300 after 20 years’ service in
the industry. The contract was extended a year
to June 15, 1965, and provided a wage review in
1964 subject to a maximum change of 3y2 percent
of basic monthly wages.
The Air Line Pilots Association announced on
August 1 an 18-month agreement with United
Air Lines, Inc., covering about 3,000 employees
and establishing monthly maximum pay for cap­
tains with 9 years or more service ranging from
$1,973 on some piston aircraft to $2,655 on some
jets. The contract, signed June 11, 1963, and ef­
fective July 1, 1963, replaced separate contracts
with United and the former Capital Airlines,
which had merged on June 1,1961. Because of use
of different types of aircraft, maximum captain’s
pay under the previous United contract ranged
from $1,775 to $2,501 and under Capital from
$1,484 to $2,090. Retroactive pay was also pro­
vided—captains and jet copilots received $75 a
month for the period June 1, 1961, to May 31,
1962, and $150 a month for June 1, 1962, to June
30, 1963; second officers received half these
amounts, while copilots on props received $87.50
and $175, for the same periods. Other changes
included improved vacations, company assumption
of pilot contributions to the pension fund, and as­
sumption of 25 percent of the group accident and
sickness plan. Furlough pay ranging from 1 to
4% months’ allowance, depending on length of
service, was also established. The contract also
contained a new provision that the jet crew comple­
ment be three pilots, but this reflected past practice
on both United and Capital.5
Utilities. A number of Bell Telephone companies
reached agreement with the Communications
Workers by early September on 38-month con­
tracts similar to the pattern-setting Michigan Bell
settlement.6 Weekly wage rates were increased $2
to $5 a week for 51,000 employees of Southern Bell
Telephone Co. in nine southern States, effective
September 5, and from $2 up to $8 a week in
some areas for 17,000 employees of Pacific Tele­
phone and Telegraph Co. in northern California
and Nevada, effective August 18. Earlier settle­
ments provided for wage-rate increases of $2 to
$3 a week for 6,200 traffic department employees
of the New Jersey Bell Telephone Co., effective


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

July 28, and for 6,250 traffic department employees
of Illinois Bell Telephone Co. outside Chicago on
July 25. Weekly general wage-rate increases of
$1.50 to $5 for 6,700 plant and traffic department
employees of the Chesapeake and Potomac Tele­
phone Co. of Virginia were effective August 4; in
addition, there were numerous town reclassifica­
tions resulting in a total $6-a-week increase to some
employees, while 6,000 Indiana Bell Telephone Co.
plant and traffic department employees received
pay increases of up to $4.50 a week, effective Au­
gust 11. The latter company had proposed split
schedules for repairmen, linemen, and accounting
division employees, but this change was not
adopted. About 10,000 employees of Pacific North­
west Telephone Co. received $2 to $5 weekly in­
creases, effective August 18. Wage increases of
$2 to $5 a week were negotiated by the Bell Tele­
phone Co. of Pennsylvania and the independent
Federation of Telephone Workers on August 15
for 9,700 plant department employees and 2,000
in the accounting division. All the contracts in­
corporated changes in supplemental benefits sim­
ilar to those adopted in Michigan.
Metalworking. Western Electric Co., manufac­
turing affiliate of American Telephone and Tele­
graph Co., reached full agreement during August
with the International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers for 3,500 workers in Omaha, Nebr., gen­
erally following the telephone industry pattern.
The company and union had previously agreed on
a wage increase but had continued negotiations on
supplementary benefits.7 The final settlement in­
cluded an additional wage increase. The company
also signed similar contracts with the IBEW, rep­
resenting 3,300 workers at Columbus, Ohio, and
with the CWA for 1,800 workers at Western Elec­
tric’s North Tonawanda, N.Y., plant.
Professional engineers employed by Western
Electric voted 4,375 to 2,582 in a National Labor
Relations Board election during July against rep­
resentation by the independent Council of Western
Electric Engineers. Results, announced in midAugust, affirmed a similar vote in 1960. The en­
gineers had not been represented by any associa­
tion since 1960.
6 See Monthly Labor Review, June 1962, pp. I ll—IV.
6 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1963, pp. 1080-1081.
7 See Monthly Labor Review, July 1963, pp. 830—831.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

After completing negotiations with unions rep­
resenting its production workers,8 the Aluminum
Company of America improved health and welfare
and vacation benefits for its 14,000 salaried em­
ployees. The new vacation plan provided em­
ployees with at least 1 year’s service 1.6 weeks’
additional pay each year for the 5-year period
beginning January 1, 1964. They were also given
the choice of accumulating the additional com­
pensation in stock as part of the present savings
plan, receiving it in cash each year, or taking up
to 3 weeks’ extra vacation time during the 5 years,
with the remainder in cash or stock. Hospitaliza­
tion was extended from 120 to 365 days and life
insurance increased to $5,500 from $5,000. Sick­
ness and accident and maternity benefits were also
improved.
Collective bargaining settlements by small steel
companies continued to follow the pattern set by
the 11 major basic steel producers in late June.9
Among the companies concluding agreements dur­
ing August were Babcock & Wilcox Tubular Prod­
ucts Division at Beaver Falls, Pa., employing
3,600 workers; Latrobe Steel Co. of Latrobe, Pa.,
with 1,250 workers; Weirton Steel Division of
National Steel Co. of Weirton, W. Va., and Stubenville, Ohio, employing 10,000 workers; and
Granite City Steel Co. of Granite City, 111., with
3,100 workers. Weirton Steel Co. workers were
represented by the Independent Steelworkers Un­
ion; the other workers were represented by the
United Steelworkers.
The Armco Steel Corp. announced application
of extended vacation benefits and improved insur­
ance to more than 4,000 salaried employees
throughout all divisions and offices of the corpora­
tion. The benefits, which apply to employees who
are subject to the hours provisions of the Fair La­
bor Standards Act, are similar to those in the re­
cent settlements with the Armco Employees In­
dependent Federation and the Butler Armco
Employee Representatives.10
The Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. an­
nounced on August 15 a salary merit increase plan
to replace annual general increases and quarterly
cost-of-living adjustments for 5,400 salaried non­
union employees at eight plants. The current cost8 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1963, p. 1076.
8 See Monthly Labor Review, August 1963, pp. 959-960.
10 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1963, pp. 1076-1077.
11 See Monthly Labor Review, June 1963, p. 709.
706-442—63-

-6


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1203
of-living allowance was permanently added to
existing pay rates.
On August 14, the Lockheed Aircraft Corp. and
the Engineers and Scientists’ Guild (Ind.), rep­
resenting 2,700 employees at various company
facilities in California, agreed on a 27-month con­
tract, retroactive to August 5, providing pay in­
creases of $5 to $8 a week for salaried employees,
who now average $11,000 a year, and 8 to 10
cents for hourly workers. A major point of disa­
greement was resolved when the company with­
drew a proposal that would have limited senior­
ity rights in case of layoff to individual project
units. Instead, the parties agreed that an em­
ployee with 10 years or more of service and sub­
ject to layoff could bump into another company
unit and displace an employee with less seniority.
Other improvements included premium pay for
salaried engineers -working on holidays, an in­
crease in extended layoff benefits from $50 to $75
for each year of service up to a maximum of 15
years, and improved medical insurance for depend­
ents. The agreement can be reopened November 1,
1964.
A 21^-percent general increase in salary levels,
which range from $7,000 to $22,000 a year, and
increased job security were provided by an agree­
ment reached early in August between the inde­
pendent Association of Scientists and Professional
Engineers in Personnel and the Radio Corpora­
tion of America, after reopening of a contract
expiring June 1964. The agreement, covering
2,000 workers in Camden and Moorestown, N.J.,
revised the existing layoff plan. It provided
additional credit for graduate degrees, and re­
quired the company to give 6 weeks’ notice of mass
layoffs, with information as to the approximate
number of workers to be laid off, and 3 weeks’
notice of the names of those to be laid off, those to
be retained out of order (with information about
the qualifications of both groups and a description
of the work performed by those retained out of
order). The plan gave the association the right
to immediately seek an adjustment or file a griev­
ance if it were not satisfied with the decisions about
choices of those to be laid off. Dissatisfaction
over layoff procedure had precipitated a 3-hour
protest strike in April 1963.11 In addition, RCA
agreed by letter to establish a continuing joint
committee to study “retraining methods and ob-

1204
jectives as related to layoff” in response to an
A SPEP proposal to establish a retraining pro­
gram for senior engineers subject to layoff be­
cause their skills were not needed.
The American Radiator and Standard Sani­
tary Corp. and the Steelworkers, representing
over 1,000 workers at the company’s Bond plant
in Buffalo, agreed in July on 2-year contracts
covering production and maintenance workers
and office employees. The pacts, effective August
1, granted general wage increases of 5 cents an
hour the first contract year and 3 cents the sec­
ond. An eighth paid holiday, Christmas Eve,
was provided, as well as improvements in hos­
pitalization, sickness and accident benefits, and
life insurance.
Bethlehem Steel Co.’s shipbuilding division and
the Marine and Shipbuilding Workers union in
mid-August signed a 3-year contract covering over
15,000 workers in the company’s Atlantic Coast
shipyards. It provided a 6-cent-an-hour general
wage increase retroactive to August 1, 1963, with
5-cent increases effective both August 1, 1964, and
August 1,1965, raising the base rate for first-class
mechanics to $3.21 in the final contract year.
Among the supplemental benefits were: eighth and
ninth paid holidays—Columbus Day and Veterans
Day, 365 days’ hospitalization instead of the pre­
vious 120 days, a $10 increase in weekly sickness
and accident benefits, and a $500 increase in life
insurance. Negotiations began in early May and
were continued under an extension of the contract
scheduled to expire May 31.
The Kaiser Jeep Corp. (formerly Willys Motors,
Inc.) of Toledo, Ohio, reached agreement in midJuly with the Automobile Workers; the previous
agreement expired April 1, 1962, but work had
continued under repeated extensions. Union ne­
gotiators agreed during the year to forgo a raise
while the company prepared to introduce a new
line of vehicles, although an agreement in Novem­
ber 1962 did reduce some wage-rate inequities.
The contract, affecting about 6,000 workers, pro­
vided a 4-cent-an-hour wage-rate increase, effective
July 15. A company spokesman termed the pact
noninflationary and said it would make it “possi­
ble for the corporation to remain competitive in
the automotive industry.” The agreement also
liberalized pensions and insurance, and company
contributions to the severance pay fund were in­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

creased 1 cent to 6 cents an hour. Among the in­
creases in insurance were liberalized daily hospital
allowances and weekly sickness and accident bene­
fits, as well as increased hospital benefits for re­
tired workers under a contributory insurance
program. The contract is subject to reopening
after completion of negotiations between the Auto
Workers and the Big Three auto producers—Ford,
General Motors, and Chrysler—whose contracts
run until the fall of 1964.12
Lumber. Following agreement between the Simp­
son Lumber Co. and the Lumber and Sawmill
Workers and the Woodworkers in July,13 agree­
ments were reached during August in the remain­
der of the Pacific Northwest fir lumber and ply­
wood industry, thus ending the dispute which, at
its height, had idled 29,000 workers. Early in the
month, the Georgia-Pacific Corp. agreed with the
unions on 3-year contracts covering about 7,200
workers. The 30%-cent wage package included
across-the-board wage increases in each of the con­
tract years and other benefits. (The Simpson set­
tlement reportedly was valued at about 33y2
cents.)
Within a week, the Willamette Valley Lumber
Co., Pope and Talbot, Inc., Edward Hines Lum­
ber Co., and Santiam Lumber Co., employing a
total of 5,000 union workers, reached accord with
the unions, following the Georgia-Pacific pattern.
The “Big Six” association14—Weyerhaeuser
Co., Crown Zellerbach Corp., International Paper
Co., Rayonier, St. Regis Paper Co., and United
States Plywood Corp.—with 22,000 employees,
followed by the Timber Operators Council, Inc.,
next agreed to the 30i/>-cent “package” with the
two unions. Agreements were also reached by
the Woodworkers and Potlatch Forests, Inc.,
covering 3,000 workers in eastern Washington
and northern Idaho and by the LSW and the
Pine Industrial Relations Council, representing
15 companies in northern California with 4,000
workers. All of the agreements provided wage
increases of 15 cents in 1963—10 cents effective
June 1 and 5 cents effective December 1—with
additional increases in 1964 and 1965. The
additional pay benefits included classification ad12 See Monthly Labor Review, October, November, and December
1861, pp. 1117-1118, 1245, and 1377-1378.
13 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1963, p. 1678.
14 See Monthly Labor Review, August 1963, p. 961.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

justments for skilled workers and travel time for
woods workers.
Employers withdrew attempts to establish a
variable workweek. The provision would have
eliminated premium pay for Saturday and Sun­
day work as such—a benefit gained by the unions
in 1942.
Other Manufacturing. Wage increases ranging
from 51/2 to 101^ cents an hour effective August 26
were agreed to by Minnesota Mining and Manu­
facturing Co. and the Oil, Chemical and Atomic
Workers under a contract negotiated in 1962 15pro­
viding for wage increases based on surveys of wage
adjustments in other Twin Cities firms. The
agreement covered 2,000 employees at St. Paul and
700 at Hastings, Minn.
Hourly wage increases of 5 to 8 cents were
agreed to by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. and
independent unions at two Virginia plants on
August 13. The settlements covered 2,900 produc­
tion and clerical employees at Martinsville and
2.000 at Waynesboro.
In July and August, five major cement com­
panies—Alpha Portland Cement Co., Ideal Ce­
ment Co., Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Lone Star
Cement Corp., and Marquette Cement Manufac­
turing Co.—with plants in 26 States, and the Ce­
ment Workers Union, representing approximately
12.000 employees, agreed to 2-year contracts, retro­
active to May 1,1963.
Wage increases averaging 7 cents an hour are ef­
fective in each of the 2 contract years. Overtime
work will be restricted during slack periods. Ben­
efits include 4 weeks’ vacation after 20 years’ serv­
ice instead of 25, effective in 1964; establishment
of up to 3 days paid funeral leave; company as­
sumption of the full cost of dependents’ group in­
surance; and weekly sickness and accident bene­
fits liberalized to begin on the fourth day of illness.
Pension improvements included reduction of the
hours required for a full year of credited service,
an increase in monthly benefits to $2.75 per year
of credited service, with a minimum credit of 10
years and no maximum (instead of the former
$2.50 monthly for each year up to 30 and $1.25 a
year for up to 5 additional years of service), and
vesting after 15 years regardless of age and after
10 years at age 40. Early retirement and total and
15 See Monthly Labor Review, November 1962, p. 1283.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1205
permanent disability pensions were also improved
and permanent shutdown or layoff pensions made
available to employees with 10 years or more of
service and age 55 or over, whose age and service
total 75, or any employees whose age and service
total 80.
In early August, the United Hatters, Cap and
Millinery Workers at Sunbury, Pa., and Winches­
ter, Tenn., and the Hat Corp. of America signed
a 3-year contract ending a 3-week strike. The
700 workers at Winchester received wage in­
creases totaling 40 cents an hour over the contract
period while the 400 workers at Sunbury, where
wage rates are higher, will receive a 25-cent in­
crease in three installments. The contract also
called for longer vacations, more paid holidays,
and additional welfare contributions.
Workers at the Norwalk, Conn., plant of the
company had signed a 4-year contract in July,
granting a 7-cent increase to lower paid employees;
a third week of vacation (to be taken during
Christmas week) ; an eighth paid holiday (Wash­
ington’s Birthday) ; and a clause prohibiting any
work from being diverted to other plants.
A year-long strike ended August 5 with a settle­
ment between the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Work­
ers representing 2,200 workers and the Shell Oil
Co. refinery and chemical plant at Deer Park, Tex.,
near Houston. The terms of the 1-year contract,
which covers all hourly employees except brick­
layers, included a 5-percent wage increase for those
employees returning to work; union agreement to
permit operators to do more maintenance work
and craftsmen to do more “incidental” work as
well as to cut 390 employees from the work force
(the company had notified 227 of these during the
strike that they would not be recalled; it agreed
to reinstate the other 163 but will not replace them
if they leave the work force); company agreement
to introduce an early voluntary retirement plan
for workers over age 50; to confine minor mainte­
nance work to employees’ operating areas; and to
limit contracting out of major maintenance work.
During the strike which began August 18,1962,
operations at the plant reportedly had been kept
at nearly full capacity by 1,200 supervisors and
technicians, 600 members of building trades un­
ions primarily engaged in new construction, and
48 members of the bargaining unit who stayed on
the job.

1206
Conventions and Meetings
The Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union
held its seventh biennial convention in Chicago
August 19-24. President O. A. Knight and three
other incumbent officers were reelected to office.
In his report to the delegates, President Knight
stated that automation had permitted employers
to reduce the work force drastically, citing the
Standard Oil plant at Whiting, Ind., where the
youngest man in the labor gang has 15 years’ sen­
iority. He also hailed the tenacity of strikers in
recent long strikes. (See preceding paragraph.)
Senator Wayne L. Morse called for a Senate in­
vestigation of management’s use of so-called su­
pervisors as strikebreakers, stating that industry
is developing a strikebreaking force of “techni­
cians with supervisory labels” and that he had
observed such tactics in the maritime industry dur­
ing the dock strike earlier this year.16 The dele­
gates resolved to initiate a merger with the Chem­
ical Workers Union by drafting a new constitution
and a merger timetable. The unions total close
to 300,000 members. A Chemical Workers spokes­
man said his union would name a merger commit­
tee when official word of the OCAW action was re­
ceived. The convention also resolved to raise per
capita dues payments by locals to the international
from $2 to $2.55 a month, with 40 cents of the in­
crease allocated for operating expenses and 15
cents to the defense fund.
The International Typographical Union held
its 105th annual convention in Long Beach, Calif.
August 3 through 9. President Elmer Brown pre­
dicted agreement on “a practicable and acceptable
plan for the economic merger of the unions in the
printing, publishing, and related industries” in the
near future. He reported to the delegates that
their union had attained an average weekly wage
scale of $130.09 and a workweek averaging below
37.5 hours; that the union’s antistrikebreaker law
campaign had helped passage of two State laws
and 20 city ordinances, and that the ITU training
center in Colorado Springs, Colo., had doubled its
capacity and had retrained 1,500 printers in the
newest techniques since opening in 1962. The
delegates adopted resolutions calling for exemp­
tion of pensions from income tax, continuation of
merger talks with other printing and publishing
unions, and action by the AFL-CIO to bring into


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

the Federation the independent railway operating
brotherhoods and other unaffiliated unions and to
organize unorganized workers in the United States
and Canada.
The annual convention of the Photo-Engravers
Union at Miami Beach, August 19-24, reelected
President William J. Hall and Secretary-Treas­
urer Ben G. Schaller without opposition. A
proposal for merger with the Amalgamated Li­
thographers (Ind.), which had the approval of
AFL-CIO President George Meany, was adopted
by the delegates. A merger would bring the
Lithographers, who left the Federation in August
1958, back into the AFL-CIO. At its Septem­
ber convention in Montreal, the Lithographers
voted to merge with the Photo-Engravers. The
issue was now subject to a mail referendum of both
unions’ members. The Lithographers have ap­
proximately 40,000 members and the Photo-En­
gravers 20,000.
The AFL-CIO Executive Council at its quar­
terly meeting at Unity House, Pa., August 12-15,
adopted a resolution expressing sympathy with
the aims of the August 28, 1963, civil rights dem­
onstration in Washington, D.C., but leaving to
individual unions the decision whether to partici­
pate in the demonstration or not. The resolution
stated that the AFL-CIO will focus on legislation
and on efforts in major cities, particularly with the
building trades, to advance civil rights. The
Council also urged a substantial tax reduction in
the low- and medium-tax brackets, and criticized
the Tariff Commission for its “rigidly technical
interpretation” of the Trade Expansion Act of
1962, which resulted in preventing the granting of
adjustment assistance to workers whom unions
had claimed were adversely affected by increased
imports. I t voted to reduce its contribution to
the International Confederation of Free Trade
Unions from $1,225,000 to $716,000, but reportedly
planned to increase its support of the American
Institute for Free Labor Development,17 which
trains Latin American union leaders. The Coun­
cil praised the record of the U.S. Employment
Service and asked Congress to investigate the
practices of private employment agencies. Presi­
dent Meany appointed Alexander Barkan Director
of the Committee on Political Education, to suc­
ceed James L. McDevitt who died last March.
10 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1963, p. 310.
17 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1962, p. 1037.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

The American Teachers Association, a 75,000member organization of Negro educators, mostly
from the Southern States, held its 60th annual
convention on July 31-August 3 in Dallas. Dr.
Jeanne L. Noble, Associate Professor in the New
York University School of Education, told the
delegates that if they are to maintain rapport with
their students they must actively participate in
the civil rights movement even at the risk of losing
their jobs. She stated that students who resort
to controversial steps to change their situation are
entitled to the help of competent teachers.
The National Alliance of Postal Employees
(Ind.), most of whose 18,000 members are Negroes,
held its 50th anniversary convention in New York
City in late August. Its president, Ashby G.
Smith, although conceding there had been a num­
ber of promotions for Negro postal employees,
charged that discrimination persisted in the orig­
inal evaluation of supervisory candidates and in
the actions of promotion advisory boards, despite
efforts of the President and the Postmaster Gen­
eral. Mr. Smith proposed that the man achieving
the highest score on supervisory promotion tests
be given a conditional appointment to the first
vacancy, and the appointment be made permanent
unless specific charges of unfitness are proved. He
criticized the AFL-CIO Postal Clerks for seeking
to prevent recognition to the Alliance under the
President’s labor-management program18 and for
opposing promotion of non whites. He stated that
“Many of the ills from which our society is suf­
fering arise from the fact that the AFL-CIO has
lost much of its vision, its idealism and with it,
its power to exercise any major influence over
the course that our society takes. Its voice, with
pitifully few exceptions, is indistinguishable from
the voice of other conservative organizations.”
Frederick C. Belen, Assistant Postmaster Gen­
eral, told the convention that neither Negroes nor
any other group will be given preference in jobs
or promotions nor will there be any quota sys­
tem for minority personnel as a part of the post
office’s equal employment opportunity policy. He
denounced as false, charges that there was dis­
crimination in reverse in promoting three Negroes
in Dallas, and denied existence of discrimination
in the Philadelphia Post Office.
33 See Monthly Labor Review, May 1963, pp. 559-560.
10 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1963, p. 1084.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1207
Civil Rights
Although the AFL-CIO did not participate
officially in the August 28 march in Washington
for “jobs and freedom,” large numbers of in­
dividual unions were represented. Among those
sending delegations were the Auto Workers, the
Steelworkers, the International Union of Elec­
trical, Radio, and Machine Workers, the Amal­
gamated Clothing Workers, the International
Ladies’ Garment Workers, the Meat Cutters, the
Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union,
the Transport Workers, and the Hotel and Res­
taurant Employees. The march was directed by
A. Phillip Randolph, president of the Sleeping
Car Porters. Among the proposals urged by the
leaders of the march in meetings with the Presi­
dent and with congressional leaders were a Fed­
eral fair employment practices act, a Federal pro­
gram to train and place unemployed workers, an
increase in the Federal minimum wage to $2 an
hour, and extension of coverage of the Fair Labor
Standards Act.
The Bureau of Public Roads of the U.S. De­
partment of Commerce on August 6 announced
that it had commenced stricter enforcement of
antidiscrimination contract clauses in the $4 bil­
lion federally financed road program.
On August 16, at the 10th National Apprentice­
ship Contest held at Purdue University in Lafay­
ette, Ind., the participating organizations (the
Plumbers and Pipefitters Union, the National
Joint Plumbing Apprenticeship Committee, the
National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cool­
ing Contractors, the National Joint SteamfitterPipefitter Apprenticeship Committee, the National
Joint Sprinkler Fitting Committee, and the Na­
tional Automatic Sprinkler and Fire Control As­
sociation, Inc.) approved a joint policy statement
expressing unwillingness to comply with Bureau
of Apprenticeship and Training standards issued
in July which were aimed at eliminating discrim­
ination in apprenticeship and training.19 The
statement claimed that the BAT standards would
be impossible to comply with and that to impose
Government sanctions for violating them would
result in quotas that would destroy the present ap­
prenticeship program and “plunge our industry
into chaos.” Instead, it subscribed to the policy
adopted on August 8 by the Construction Industry

1208
Joint Conference (composed of the AFL-CIO
Building and Construction Trades Department
and the national associations of contractors) that
qualifications of the applicant be the sole standard
for choice as an apprentice.
The National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, on behalf of Negro contractors,
journeymen, and prospective apprentices, on Au­
gust 4 persuaded the 1,400-member local of the
Plumbers and Pipefitters Union in Cleveland to
permit the hiring of two Negro journeymen for
work in the construction of the Cleveland munici­
pal auditorium and to sign contracts with Negro
plumbing contractors. Employees of these con­
tractors will become members of the Plumbers
Union if they pass the journeyman examination.
The applicant may appeal to a review committee if
he feels the test was unfairly administered or
graded and in the interim will continue to work.
The apprenticeship program will be open to Negro
applicants on the same basis as to other appli­
cants. Reportedly, there are 39 Negro plumbing
contractors with 150 employees in the Cleveland
area.
Earlier, civil rights groups had threatened to
picket the site of the auditorium unless Negro
workers were hired. When two Negro plumbers
were hired in late July, white workmen walked
out, but returned to work upon the urging of in­
ternational union officials and Cleveland Mayor
Ralph Locher. Renewed picketing threats after
the two Negroes were discharged by the contractor
and mediation of Under Secretary of Labor John
F. Henning brought about the August 4 agree­
ment.
A meeting called by Mayor Theodore A. McKeldin August 23 resulted in promises to elimi­
nate racial discrimination in union apprenticeship
programs in the Baltimore area. The meeting was
attended by representatives of the Baltimore
AFL-CIO, the Baltimore Building Trades Coun­
cil, and representatives of the building trade locals
and the Interdenominational Ministers’ Alliance,
which represented 200 Negro ministers in the Bal­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

timore area. Lists of Negroes qualified for selec­
tion for apprenticeship training were to be pro­
vided the unions.
The National Urban League announced Au­
gust 1 the receipt of a $100,000 grant from the
Rockefeller Brothers Fund to help finance the
organization of a “Negro skills bank.” The
League planned to recruit skilled applicants in the
65 cities in which it has offices; in New York City,
it expected to have a list of 2,500 Negroes with
business or engineering training.
Other Developments
Local 515 of the Transport Workers Union in
Boston protested in early August to the White
House, the Congress, and the Civil Aeronautics
Board over the decision of the CAB to take away
the New York City-Miami route of Northeastern
Airlines, which is headquartered in Boston. The
decision reportedly would force Northeastern, in
financial difficulties, to lay off or downgrade as
many as 2,000 of its 3,000 employees. The Trans­
port Workers represent the ground service per­
sonnel. Later, AFL-CIO President Meany, in
a letter to CAB Chairman Allan S. Boyd, urged
reconsideration of the ruling, partly on the ground
that it would have a depressing effect on the New
England economy.
On August 9, a New York City jury returned
the first Federal court conviction under the 1962
amendments to the Welfare and Pension Plans
Disclosure Act,20 which made embezzlement of
welfare funds a criminal offense. Max Davis of
Brooklyn, an officer and trustee of Local 10 of the
International Brotherhood of Production, Main­
tenance and Operating Employees (Ind.), was
indicted first for obstructing justice after abscond­
ing with records subpenaed by a Federal grand
jury and then, after investigation, for a shortage
of $16,500. Mr. Davis was sentenced, on Septem­
ber 12, to 5 years in prison and fined $25,000.
20 For text of the amendments, see Monthly Labor Review,
March 1962, p. 536.

Book Reviews
and Notes
E dit o r ’s N o te .—Listing

of a 'publication in this
section is for record and reference only and
does not constitute an endorsement of pomb
of view or advocacy of use.

Special Reviews
The Economics of Labor. By E. H. Phelps
Brown. New Haven, Conn., Yale University
Press, 1962. 278 pp., bibliography. (Studies
in Comparative Economics, 1.) $6, cloth;
$1.45, paper.
This is the first study issued under the auspices
of the Inter-University Committee on Compara­
tive Economics. [For a review of the second study,
Foreign Trade and the National Economy by
Charles P. Kindleberger, see Monthly Labor Re­
view, July 1963, pp. 834-844.] The general aim
of the Committee is to encourage exploration of
the relevance of modern economics, a product
largely of the West, to an understanding of eco­
nomic activity in countries with different insti­
tutional arrangements or at different stages of
industrial development. The Committee has no
preconceived notions for the achievement of this
objective. Each author has been given freedom to
determine his own approach and method of treat­
ment.
Professor Phelps Brown of the London School
of Economics, who has made many distinguished
contributions to knowledge of the economics of
labor, has produced an original and highly useful
essay. His approach is to employ the conventional
tools of the economist’s trade to fashion a frame­
work within which to consider basic aspects of
labor as a productive factor. His illustrative ma­
terial ranges widely in time, from the ancient
world to the present, and, for the contemporary
period, over a broad spectrum of economies in
terms of institutions and stages of growth. He is
more concerned with analysis than with descrip­
tion ; the analysis, however, is interlaced with and
supported by much detail on the conditions under
which men now work or have worked. In an in­
troductory chapter, he observes that “the econo­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

mist who has set out simply to study labor as a
factor of production, and pay as a price, will find
his attention drawn inescapably to matters com­
monly pertaining to psychology and sociology.”
The substance of the book is organized into six
chapters. The first deals historically with the rise
of contractual employment, including an interest­
ing analysis of the connections between occupation
and social status. The second is concerned with
questions of the quality of the labor force, with
attention to the problems of work discipline, edu­
cation, and training in emerging industrial socie­
ties, and to problems arising out of the dispersion
of human capacities. The third considers the dis­
tribution of the labor force among broad regions,
industries, and occupations, and the functioning
of labor markets. An analysis of the use of
compulsion as against individual choice in the
allocation of labor suggests “why the planned
economies of the Russian sphere have now tacitly
abandoned most forms of the direction of labor
and rely mainly on the same incentives and deter­
rents as guide the deployment of labor in the
market economies.”
The final three chapters of the book are devoted
to wages, which constitute the heart of the labor
bargain. Professor Phelps Brown analyzes con­
ventional (opinions of equity) and market forces
in pay determination and concludes, generally, that
market factors are the more powerful. He devotes
considerable attention to collective bargaining, not­
ing the many influences that unions exert on the
pay structure. But he concludes that the record
gives no clear answer to the key question of
whether unions have the power generally to raise
the wages of their members above the level that
would otherwise have been attained. Finally, he
deals with the problem of the general level of pay,
including the relation between population and
other resources and the question of labor’s share
in national income.
This perceptive book deserves wide reading, per­
haps particularly among those concerned with eco­
nomic development. It should serve admirably as
supplementary reading in college courses in labor
economics; and it should appeal to the intelligent
layman who wants a broad and largely nontech­
nical introduction to the subject.
—H. M. D o o t y
Associate Commissioner for Program Planning
and Publications, Bureau of Labor Statistics
1209

1210

Collective Bargaining in Sweden: A Study of the
Labor Market and its Institutions. By T. L.
Johnston. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Uni­
versity Press, 1962. 358 pp. $7.50.
Mr. Johnston has given us a detailed and thor­
oughly documented description of the collective
bargaining process in Sweden. The serious stu­
dent of the Swedish labor market will find it ex­
tremely useful, especially if he reads Swedish and
wants to follow up on the many references to orig­
inal documents. The writing and the organiza­
tion of the material are such that the less serious
student can feel equally rewarded.
A lecturer in political economy at the Univer­
sity of Edinburgh, Mr. Johnston devoted several
years to his study of the Swedish labor market and
came away with more than mere facts. He shows
an appreciation of the less tangible elements in­
volved and is careful to point out—as are the
Swedes themselves-—that he is not advocating the
wholesale adoption of Swedish methods and pro­
grams by others. He is equally careful in his at­
tempt, as an outsider, to assess for the Swedes the
value of their collective bargaining system, find­
ing himself confronted with a “dilemma of choice
between a general eulogy—such as the ILO pro­
vided for the Swedish system at its 1961 confer­
ence—and a diffuse barrage of praise and condem­
nation, all selected according to one’s particular
national or academic perspective. There are no
absolute standards in assessing the competence or
maturity of a collective bargaining system.”
In his eclectic approach to the problem, he gives
good marks for “a nexus of extremely powerful
organizations, with clearly formulated rules,” for
“well regulated grievance handling,” and for “the
habit of positive discussion” fostered by the vari­
ous Basic Agreements arrived at by management
and labor, beginning in 1938. He ventures the
opinion that the social conscience of these power­
ful labor market organizations is not as sponta­
neous as it may appear, that formal agreements for
the protection of third parties and the public com­
bine with the ever-present threat of legislation to
maintain a just peace.
Mr. Johnston shares with many others an ap­
preciation of the part played by the original 1938
Basic Agreement but he adds a note of warning
against “the excessive enthusiasm of some foreign


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

commentators.” He points out that the agreement
was “the culmination of many years of experience,
sometimes good but frequently bad.” The product
may not be for export but the methods involved
in its production are worth serious study.
— O l iv er

A.

P e t e r so n

School of International Service
American University

Organized Labor in Japan: Part /, Postwar De­
velopments in Organized Labor, 19115-195%;
Part / / , Organized Labor in Present-Day
Japan, 1953-1961. By Iwao Ayusawa.
Tokyo, Foreign Affairs Association of Japan,
1962. 108 and 232 pp. $7.50.
In the first part of his discussion, the author
describes the postwar developments in organized
labor up to the time the Japanese nation regained
the status of independence in 1951. He tells of the
tremendous change in the status of labor that oc­
curred in postwar Japan under the directives of
the U.S. occupation forces and calls this change
the “MacArthur Revolution.” He describes the
content of the basic laws, in particular, the Trade
Union Law, the Labor Relations Adjustment Law,
and the Labor Standards Law. Chapters of
Part I deal also with the structure and strength
of the trade unions and their characteristics.
In the second part, a historical review is given
of the emergence of a strong labor movement in
the light of the boom generated by the Korean
conflict from 1950 to 1953 and the nationwide pros­
perity which started in 1955. Mr. Ayusawa leads
the reader through the opposition of labor to the
San Francisco Peace Treaty, the birth of the Zenro
federation, and through what he calls the “Energy
Revolution.” He presents the platforms of three
major trade union federations—Sohyo, Zenro, and
Shin Sanbetsu—and explains the structure of Jap­
anese industry with special emphasis on the effect
of the great number of smaller enterprises on both
the economy and trade union activities. He em­
phasizes the “tremendous” growth of the national
product in the last few years. He relates the con­
tinuing boom to the rise in general wage levels, the
diminution of wage differentials in enterprises of
varying scales, the improvement in the labor mar­
ket, and the rise in the level of consumption. In
concluding the second part, the author emphasizes

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

that his treatment of organized labor in presentday Japan is in the nature of an introductory
rather than an analytical or critical study. He
felt the need for such a study but believed that it
should be left for a later and separate publication.
A number of valuable appendixes are enclosed
including a list of major trade union organizations
as of January 1, 1961, a chronology of major
events affecting labor from 1945 to 1961, the Con­
stitution of Japan, the Potsdam Declaration, and
the text of the principal labor laws.
The two parts presented by Mr. Ayusawa have
valuable descriptive material, but, as the author
himself points out, there is a lack of analysis
which, to a certain extent, weakens the value of
the interesting material presented to the reader
who may want to study the pragmatic basis for the
political and economic objectives and alinements
of the trade union movement in the postwar
period.
— A rnold L. S t e in b a c h
Special Assistant to the Administrator
Bureau of International Labor Affairs

Automation and Industrial Relations. By Ed­
ward B. Shils. New York, Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, Inc., 1963. 360 pp. $4.75.
Automation, as the term is used in this text, de­
scribes all the so-called “new technology” rather
than particular limited types and methods of pro­
duction. In either sense, automation has created
a new dimension to problems of displacement and
dislocation for labor and management alike. Al­
though threats to job security are not completely
novel in industrial relations, certainly the rapid
acceleration of the “new technology” is having a
revolutionary influence on business organizations,
plant management, and labor relations.
For some time to come, Professor Shils’ new
volume will provide a basic source book of recent
developments in technology and their implication
for the student and practitioner in the industrial
relations field. One limiting factor is, however,
the rapid pace of developments in this field.
While Professor Shils’ book covers an unusually
broad range of recent developments, the reader
soon becomes aware that some very significant
changes have taken place since the volume’s pub­
lication, e.g., the New York newspaper strike, last
year’s longshore strike, and the current controversy


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1211

in the railroad industry. All these reflect the
rapid change of relationships in this area.
The volume covers a broad range of problems
related to automation, briefly touching on such
factors as job evaluation, wage administration, re­
strictive work practices, education, training and
retraining programs, management prerogatives,
implication of occupational shifts and health and
safety—to note a few. The result is that the ad­
vanced student and practitioner in a limited area
will possibly find the coverage lacking in depth.
Nevertheless, Professor Shils accomplishes his
purpose admirably by providing a broad survey
of the impact of the “new technology” and giving
considerably more detail and historical perspective
than might be expected in an overview volume of
this type. The excellent bibliographical refer­
ences provided at the end of each chapter are of
particular value. The sources are carefully docu­
mented and in themselves provide an excellent
guide to the available literature in this field. This
book should be very valuable to students at the
graduate level, as well as to labor leaders and the
administrators in personnel and industrial rela­
tions.
— H erbert B ien sto c k
Director, Middle Atlantic Region
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Traditional Cultures: And the Impact of Techno­
logical Change. By George M. Foster. New
York, Harper & Row, Publishers, 1962. 292
pp., bibliography. $6.50.
Dealing primarily with the problems of cul­
tural change in the developing areas of the world,
this book has already been used to orient govern­
ment personnel and others preparing for work in
programs of technical assistance. The author
draws upon his own extensive experience and that
of other anthropologists to illustrate the problems
likely to be encountered in modernizing the less
advanced areas of the world. He points out that
the nature and structure of a society may prevent
the achievement of the goals sought and that the
urge for development and willingness to change
are not equally present in all peoples. In formu­
lating programs of economic development, too of­
ten we fail to recognize that factors generally
classified as noneconomic frequently determine
whether the cumulative processses of economic

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1212

change can be effective. Any economic innova­
tion will have far-reaching repercussions on the
whole social system. Similarly, the social system
will determine whether economic changes will be
accepted and what forms they will take. New
production techniques may be rejected because of
the fear that they will interfere with traditional
family, kinship, or community relations. Unfor­
tunately for social change, many of the peoples
in the less developed areas of the world desire the
material advantages of industrialization but reject
the attitudes and values associated with it. Burma
is a case in point.
Industrialization and changes in methods of ag­
riculture usually require alterations in other as­
pects of the social structure. In most developing
countries, there are more workers than jobs but
they do not possess needed skills and work habits
nor do they share the Western attitude toward
work. Modernization programs require literate
workers, yet, as Foster points out, many rural peo­
ple have little or no interest in learning to read or
write because they cannot see any tangible benefits
to be derived from education. Since one of the
basic considerations is the motivation of workers,
the training of technical experts, he says, should
be in terms of problems rather than programs. To
this end, the social scientist can be invaluable in
gathering and utilizing specific information about
cultures, in making comparative cross-cultural
analytical studies and in securing basic knowledge
concerning social processes. He can also provide
a point of view and research techniques appropri­
ate to the task, and he should work cooperatively
with the technical experts in facilitating the prog­
ress of the action program. Unfortunately, most
programs are designed for action only and the
necessity of encouraging and supporting research
studies is not always fully appreciated by govern­
ment officials and others. The social scientist has
an obligation, Foster says, not only to determine
how social change can be facilitated, but also to
point out to the peoples concerned all of the con­
sequences of their choices. Industrialization leads
to new societal patterns that cannot be rejected,
and in accepting the one, the developing nations
must be ready to accept the others.
—H arold L. G eisert
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
George Washington University


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

What Keynes Means: A Critical Clarification of
the Economic Theories of John Maynard
Keynes. By Anatol Murad. New York,
Bookman Associates, 1962. 223 pp. $4.50.
Professor Murad’s purpose in this book, which
grew from 10 university lectures he delivered in
Germany in 1958, is to clarify Keynes’ principal
ideas and theories. As a reasonably sophisticated
review of Keynes’ work, he believes, it will be of
value to teachers and students who need “more
substantial fare than is dished out by ‘popular’
presentations of this subject.”
The materials are organized conventionally.
Broad features of the General Theory are sum­
marized first; detailed explanations and restate­
ments of key concepts such as saving are then
presented; these are followed by a review of eco­
nomic policies associated with Keynes.
In general, Murad’s approach to Keynesianism
is more sympathetic than critical. Nowhere does
he challenge the basic framework of Keynes’ theo­
ries, and his solutions to the “ambiguities” and
“contradictions” in Keynes’ own writing are rela­
tively innocuous and likely to command assent.
For example, he observes that Keynes defined de­
mand in terms of expected expenditures but usu­
ally discussed it in terms of actual expenditures
despite noting that the two may diverge. Murad
proposes that the concept be restricted to actual
proceeds and that entrepreneurial expectations be
regarded as mere estimates of demand, which may
prove incorrect and thus provide an additional
cause for fluctuations in employment and income.
Similarly, Murad would short circuit many of
the problems in Keynes’ interest theory by substi­
tuting a more direct analysis of the demand for
and supply of media of payment, interest being a
payment for creating liquidity (a service income)
rather than a “reward” for parting with liquidity.
The appearance of a book of this type—nearly
30 years after the publication of Keynes’ major
work—is a tribute not only to Keynes’ eminence
as an economist, but also to the controversial char­
acter of his teachings. Undoubtedly, much of the
controversy which has continued to surround
Keynesianism originated in Keynes’ poor writing
and unsystematic thought, as even his admirers
willingly acknowledge. Murad’s efforts may con­
tribute something to reducing this form of con­
troversy, although its extent has already been

1213

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

substantially reduced by other appreciative and
well-written amplifications and clarifications dedi­
cated to Keynes. Moreover, his book—good as it
is—does not adequately replace the more outstand­
ing of these publications: Seymour Harris’ biog­
raphy is still needed by those particularly inter­
ested in a thorough but nontechnical review of
the evolution of Keynes’ thought. Dillard’s hand­
book is indispensable because it is more impersonal
and thus closer to the General Theory, and also
because it contains a complete bibliography of
Keynes’ publications. Finally, no student of
Keynes can afford to overlook Schumpeter’s pro­
vocative biographical sketch of Keynes.
Indeed, the basic fault in the book is that it is
directed almost exclusively toward communicating
Keynes’ ideas clearly and objectively—a job which
has already been well done—and almost wholly
neglects the differences in ideology which account
for most of the remaining public and professional
misunderstanding of Keynes. To communicate
the meaning of Keynes today requires more than
relatively sterile debates involving definitions and
the like. More to the point would be removing
some of the ideological and practical roadblocks
to applying the theory because its ultimate mean­
ing and verification must lie in demonstrations of
its consequences in practice.
— J o seph

A.

B rackett

Office of the Economic Consultant
Bureau of Labor Statistics

The Progress of Economics: A History of Eco­
nomic Thought. By Warren B. Catlin. New
York, Bookman Associates, 1962. 788 pp.
$8.50.
This volume is a history of the evolution of eco­
nomic theory differing from most standard texts
in that the author, who treats his subject topically,
injects his own opinions and contributions into the
discussion.
Points of interest lie, not in such traditional sub­
jects as value, rent, interest, and wages or in the
long discourse on money and business cycles, but
in those chapters incidental to economics, relating
to writing style, biographical influences, religion,
economic history, and the role of government in
economic life.
Professor Catlin’s section on “Money, Credit,
and Business Cycles” is among the most important


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

as well as the most controversial. The reader is
provided with a historical background on the sub­
ject of money, together with a detailed account of
the various business cycle theories.
Although several parts of the book are difficult
to follow, those interested in economic theory will
find that the volume provides a perspective on
many economic questions. Nevertheless, perhaps
what the author fails to say is of greater im­
portance than what he does say. Although Pro­
fessor Catlin asserts that the welfare of the
consumer is the first concern of the economist, the
extent of poverty in America depicted by such ob­
servers as Michael Harrington in The Other Amer­
ica is not even mentioned in this book.
In addition, few will quarrel with the author’s
desire for stable prices and wages. But perhaps
stability alone is not enough. Prices and wages
were statistically stable for more than 6 years prior
to the 1929 crash. Surprisingly, one might study
the long discourse on the history of prices and yet
be unaware of this fact.
Finally, perhaps many are guilty of advocating
“half-baked proposals” for the control of the busi­
ness cycle. But is it better to wait 10 years follow­
ing a collapse, as Professor Catlin suggests, for
a new generation of entrepreneurs and risk-takers,
not traumatized by the event, to lead us to re­
covery ?
— D avid H irschberg
Division of Industry Employment Statistics
Bureau of Labor Statistics

A Standard List of Subject Headings in Indus­
trial Relations. Prepared by the Subcommit­
tee on Subject Headings, Committee of Uni­
versity Industrial Relations Librarians.
Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, In ­
dustrial Relations Section, 1963. 136 pp. 2d
ed. $4.25.
Although designed for the use of librarians, this
subject heading list may be of value to many
others. It is a listing of the different subjects
under which one would have to file material in
order to have a complete file on industrial relations.
Each main subject heading has a note of ex­
planation and these are specific and clearly
worded. For example, “Immigration: Use for
materials on the voluntary movement of people
into a country as permanent settlers and its effect

1214

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

on the labor supply. See also: Foreign Born Em­
ployees; Labor Force.”
Beside the main headings are “see” references.
These references are usually from a general sub­
ject to a more particular one. The user can em­
ploy the main heading or the “see” reference as
the main subject heading.
Where the subject area is detailed, the editors
have done an excellent job of developing subject
headings in adequate number, carefully defined
and distinguished. “Wages,” for example, has 28
sub ject headings and each heading has one or more
cross references.

Education and Training
Education and Training for the World of WorJc: A Voca­
tional Education Program for the State of Michigan.
By Harold T. Smith. Kalamazoo, Mich., W. E. Up­
john Institute for Employment Research, 1963. 165
pp.
Training for Leadership and Service: Proceedings of the
National Conference on the International Training
Programs of A.I.D., June 25-26, 1962. Washington,
U.S. Department of State, Agency for International
Development, [1963]. 88 pp.
Manpower Development and Training. By John McCol­
lum. {In Health, Education, and Welfare Indicators,
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Washington, August 1963, pp. v-xviii. 35 cents, Su­
perintendent of Documents, Washington.)
Your Career in Electronics. By Harry Edward Neal.
New York, Julian Messner, Inc., 1963. 191 pp. $3.95.

Employee Benefits
State Employees' Health Benefit Programs. By Agnes W.
Brewster and Peggy Mitchell. Washington, U.S. De­
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public
Health Service, 1963. 21pp. (Publication 947-2.)
United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement
Fund—Report for the Year Ending June 30, 1963.
Washington, 1963. 28 pp.

Health and Safety
Accident Facts, 1963.
1963. 96 pp.

Chicago, National Safety Council,

Manual of Industrial Radiation Protection: P art I, Con­
vention and Recommendation Concerning the Protec­
tion of Workers Against Ionizing Radiations. Gene­
va, International Labor Office, 1963. 24 pp. 30 cents.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Names of industries and occupations are listed
alphabetically with the other subjects while at the
back of the list is a separate listing of the major
Federal labor laws. It is in looseleaf format and
will be kept up to date with new pages.
The list can be of value to anyone organizing
material in the field of industrial relations; it is
a must for librarians, and may be of use as well
to students and others as a framework in organiz­
ing ideas.
— E d w in H . K a y e
Librarian, Institute of Industrial Relations
University of California, Los Angeles

Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.
Injury Experience in the Coking Industry, 1962. By Nell
B. Bradley, Nina L. Jones, Virginia E. Wrenn. Wash­
ington, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines, 1963. 14 pp. (Mineral Industry Surveys.)
Guide to Federal Safety Films and Film Strips. Wash­
ington, Federal Safety Council, 1963. 43 pp. Rev.
Safety Organization and Activities of Award-Winning
Companies in Metal and Nonmetal Mining Industries.
By R. W. Stahl and Robert T. Davis. Washington,
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines,
1963. 37 pp. (Information Circular 8192.)

Industrial Relations
Industrial Relations Research Association Spring Meet­
ing, Montreal, Canada, May 6-1, 1963: Manpower
Implications of Technological Change; Labor on
United States and Canadian Railroads; Labor Rela­
tions Policy and the Building Trades in Canada; Pub­
lic-Interest Disputes and Their Settlement. {In Labor
Law Journal, Chicago, August 1963, pp. 653-755. $1.)
The Practice of Collective Bargaining. By Edwin F. Beal
and Edward D. Wickersham. Homewood, 111., Rich­
ard D. Irwin, Inc., 1963. 772 pp. Rev. ed. $11.35.
Plant Relocation: Management's Collective Bargaining
Legal Dilemma. By M. S. Ryder. {In Michigan
Business Review, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
July 1963, pp. 24-29.)
Strikes in Breech of Collective Agreements: Some Unan­
swered Questions. By Benjamin Aaron. {In Co­
lumbia Law Review, New York, June 1963, pp. 10271052. $1.50.)

1215

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Unions, Management and Maintenance Subcontracting—
An Industry Experience. By Floyd S. Brandt. (In
Labor Law Journal, Chicago, July 1963, pp. 601-613.
$ 1. )

Employment Status of Women in Puerto Rico, 1962, 1956,
and 1950. San Juan, Department of Labor, Bureau
of Labor Statistics, 1963. 12 pp. In Spanish and
English.

Voting Eligibility of Economic Strikers and Tlieir Re­
placements in N.L.R.B. Elections. By William Farhood. (In American Bar Association Journal, Chi­
cago, August 1963, pp. 739-743. 75 cents.)

Agricultural Labor in India: A Regional Analysis With
Particular Reference to Population Groivth. By
Joseph E. Schwartzberg. (In Economic Development
and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press,
Chicago, July 1963, pp. 337-352. $1.75.)

Employee Choice and Some Problems of Race and Reme­
dies in Representation Campaigns. (In Yale Law
Journal, New Haven, Conn., May 1963, pp. 1243-1264.
$2.50.)

The Length of Working Life for Males, 1900-60. Wash­
ington, U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Ad­
ministration, 1963. 13 pp. (Manpower Report 8.)

Procedures for Employee Displacement: Advance Notice
of Plant Shutdown. By Arnold R. Weber and David
P. Taylor. (In Journal of Business, University of
Chicago, Graduate School of Business, July 1963,
pp. 302-315. $2.25, University of Chicago Press,
Chicago. )

Labor Force
Scientific Manpower, 1962. (Papers of the 11th Annual
Conference on Scientific Manpower, Philadelphia, Pa.,
December 28, 1962.) Washington, National Science
Foundation, 1963. 46 pp. (NSF 63-31.) 35 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Unemployment and the American Economy: [Proceedings
of Conference Held April 18-20,1963, Berkeley, Calif.'].
Berkeley, University of California, Institute of In­
dustrial Relations, 1963. 172 pp.
Employment Trends, W est North Central States, 19391962. Chicago, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau
of Labor Statistics, North Central Regional Office,
1963. 35 pp.
A Plan for Full Employment in the Developing Coun­
tries. By Gabriel Ardant. (In International Labor
Review, Geneva, July 1963, pp. 15-51. 75 cents. Dis­
tributed in United States by Washington Branch of
ILO. )
Conditions of Employment and Related Problems in the
Textile Industry in Countries in the Course of Indus­
trialization. (Report III of seventh session of the
International Labor Organization, Textiles Commit­
tee, Geneva, 1963.) Geneva, International Labor Of­
fice, 1963. 158 pp.
The Geographic Mobility of Labor: A F irst Report. By
John B. Lansing and others. Ann Arbor, Mich., In­
stitute for Social Research, Survey Research Center,
1963. 315 pp.
Workers, Factories, and Social Change in India. By
Richard D. Lambert. Princeton, N.J., Princeton Uni­
versity Press, 1963. 247 pp.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The Population Dilemma. Edited by Philip M. Hauser.
New York, Columbia University, The American As­
sembly, 1963. 188 pp. $3.95, cloth; $1.95, paper,
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

Labor Organizations
Disciplinary Powers and Procedures in Union Constitu­
tions. By Harry P. Cohany, Leon E. Lunden, David
A. Swankin. Washington, U.S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1963. 202 pp. (Bulletin
1350.) $1.25, Superintendent of Documents, Wash­
ington.
Nonprofessional Hospital Workers and a Union Organiz­
ing Drive. By Robert B. McKersie and Montague
Brown. (In Quarterly Journal of Economics, Cam­
bridge, Mass., August 1963, pp. 372-404. $1.75.)
The Labor Movement in the United States: Annotated
Bibliography. By Mary R. Heslet. Washington, Li­
brary of Congress, Legislative Reference Service, Au­
gust 1963. 9 pp.
External Influences on Labor Organizations in Underde­
veloped Countries. By John P. Windmuller. (In
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N.Y.,
July 1963, pp. 559-573. $1.75.)
The Growth and Democratization of the Venezuelan Labor
Movement. By John D. Martz. (In Inter-American
Economic Affairs, Washington, Autumn 1963, pp. 3 18.)
BLMR Research Opportunities . . . An Outline of Pos­
sible Topics for New Labor Research. Washington,
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor-Manage­
ment Reports, 1963. 50 pp. Revised.

Personnel Management
A Concept of Motivation. By Thomas A. Routh. (In
Personnel Journal, Swarthmore, Pa., June 1963, pp.
294-296,301. 75 cents.)
The Power to Resist Change Among Low-Ranking Per­
sonnel. By David Mechanic. (In Personnel Admininstration, Washington, July-August 1963, pp. 5-11.
$1.25.)

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1216
Job Evaluation. By Jane Russell. {In Personnel Prac­
tice Bulletin, Department of Labor and National
Service, Melbourne, Australia, June 1963, pp. 34-40.
5s.)

Prices and Consumption Economics
Seasonal Factors— Consumer Price Index: Selected Series,
June 1958-M ay 1961. By Marie Turnipseed. Wash­
ington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1963. 47 pp. (Bulletin 1366.) 30 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Trends in the Income of Families and Persons in the United
States, 1947 to 1960. By Herman P. Miller. Wash­
ington, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, 1963. 349 pp. (Technical Paper 8.) $1.75,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Consumer Expenditures and Income: Small Cities in the
Southern Region, 1960 {Cleveland, Tenn., Griffin, Ga.,
McAllen, Tex., Reserve, La., Union, S.C., Vicksburg,
Miss.). Washington, U.S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1963. 10 pp. (BLS
Report 237-25.) Other reports in this series include:
R eport N o .

Small Cities in the Western Region, 1960
{Gallup, N. Mex., Klamath Falls, Oreg.)-.
Small Cities in the North Central Region,
1960 {Devils Lake, N. Dak., Findlay,
Ohio, LaSalle, III., Niles, Mich., and
Owatonna, M inn.)__________________

237-26

237-27

P ages

7

10

Family Expenditures Surveyed. By Fabian Linden. {In
Business Management Record, National Industrial
Conference Board, Inc., New York, August 1963, pp.
57-59.)

Problems of Worker Groups
The Challenge of Jobless Youth. Washington, President’s
Committee on Youth Employment, 1963. 20 pp.
Employment of the Disabled Under Sheltered Conditions
in Norway. {In International Labor Review, Geneva,
July 1963, pp. 66-73. 75 cents. Distributed in United
States by Washington Branch of ILO.)
Let's Rejoin the Human Race. By Joseph H. Peck, M.D.
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963. 197
pp. $3.95.

Automation in Government: A Symposium Based on
Papers Presented at the National Conference on Pub­
lic Administration, Washington, April 3-6, 1963.
Edited by Edward F. R. Hearle. Chicago, American
Society for Public Administration, 1963. 37 pp.,
bibliography. $1.50 ; $1 to ASPA members.
Automation and Its Im pact: Annotated References. By
Mary R. Heslet. Washington, Library of Congress,
Legislative Reference Service, March 1963. 12 pp.
The Impact of Technology on Agriculture in Oklahoma.
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Employment Security Com­
mission, 1963. 25 pp.

Social Security
Old-Age, Survivors, and D isability Insurance: Character­
istics of Beneficiaries Disabled Since Childhood, 195761. By Phoebe H. Goff. {In Social Security Bulletin,
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Social Security Administration, Washington, August
1963, pp. 4^10. 25 cents, Superintendent of Docu­
ments, Washington.
Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act Amendments
of 1962. By G. Robert Blakey. {In Notre Dame
Lawyer, Notre Dame, Ind., April 1963, pp. 263-287.
$1.50.)
Welfare in Review. Washington, U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Adminis­
tration, Vol. 1, No. 1, July 1963. 40 pp. (Official
monthly publication of the Welfare Administration.)
Annual subscription, $2.50; single issue, 30 cents.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, Wash­
ington.
Financial Developments Under State UI Programs [Dur­
ing 1962). By Paschal C. Zecca. {In Labor Market
and Employment Security, U.S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Employment Security, Washington, July
1963, pp. 15-23. 30 cents, Superintendent of Docu­
ments, Washington.)
Unemployment Benefit Entitlem ent in Oklahoma: A Study
of the Labor Force Attachment of Covered Workers
in the 3-year Period, 1959-1960-1961. Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma Employment Security Commission, State
Employment Service, 1963. 57 pp.

Production and Productivity

Education and Vocational Training of TEC Claimants.
Indianapolis, Indiana Employment Security Division,
Research and Statistics Section, 1963. 21 pp.

Impact of Office Automation in the Internal Revenue Serv­
ice: A Study of the Manpower Implications During
the First Stages of the Changeover. By Richard
Riche and James Alliston. Washington, U.S. Depart­
ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1963. 74
pp., bibliography. (Bulletin 1364.) 45 cents, Super­
intendent of Documents, Washington.

Family Characteristics . . . Study of Texas Claimants
Receiving Benefits Under Temporary Extended Un­
employment Compensation. (Combination of surveys
made in May 1961, September 1961, January 1962,
April 1962.) Austin, Texas Employment Commis­
sion, Research and Statistics Department, 1963. 116
pp.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

1217

Allmanna Sjukkassor, 1961. Stockholm, Riksforsakringsverket, 1963. 77 pp. (Contents and summary in Eng­
lish.)

Wages and Hours
Seafaring Premium Pay on Privately Operated United
States Flag Merchant Ships. Washington, U.S. De­
partment of Commerce, Maritime Administration,
1963. 80 pp. 45 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
Professional Income of Engineers, 1962. New York, Engi­
neers Joint Council, Engineering Manpower Com­
mission, 1963. 51 pp. $3.
Industry Wage Survey— Wool Textiles, June 1962: P art I,
Wool Yarn and Broadwoven Fabric M ills; P art II,
Dyeing and Finishing P lants; P art III, Scouring and
Combing Plants. By Charles M. O’Connor. Wash­
ington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1963. 75 pp. (Bulletin 1372.) 45 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Occupational Wage Survey: Spokane, Wash., May 1968Washington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1963. 26 pp. (Bulletin 1345-66.)
25 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Other bulletins in this series include:

Lubbock, Tex., June 1 9 6 3 _ _ __
Portland, Oreg.-Wash., May 1 9 6 3 _
Boise, Idaho, May 1 9 6 3 ______
Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport
News-Hamplon,
Va., June
1 9 6 3 _________________________

Pater son-Clifton-Passaic, N.J.,
May 1 9 6 3 _ ______ _______ __
Lawrence-Haverhill, M ass.-N.H.,
June 1 9 6 3 __ ___________
San Antonio, Tex., June 1 9 6 3 ___

vorstand des Duetschen Gewerkschaftsbundes, Köln,
July 1963, pp. 385-390. 2 DM.)
Die Bedeutung der Tarifbewegung in der Metallindustrie.
By Otto Brenner. (In Gewerkschaftliche Monats­
hefte, Bundesvorstand des Duetschen Gewerkschafts­
bundes, Köln, July 1963, pp. 391-394. 2 DM.)
The Short Work Week: A One-Year Report. (In Indus­
trial Bulletin, New York State Department of Labor,
New York, August 1963, pp. 8-11.)

Miscellaneous
Annual Digest of State and Federal Labor Legislation for
the Years 1961 and 1962. By Maxine Anderson and
Sylvia R. Weissbrodt. Washington, U.S. Depart­
ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, 1963. 249
pp. (Bulletin 253.) 70 cents, Superintendent of
Documents, Washington.
Labor in Cyprus. By John Fryer. Washington, U.S. De­
partment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1963.
44 pp. (BLS Report 243.) Free.
McOill University's 15th Annual Industrial Relations Con­
ference. (In Labor Gazette, Canadian Department
of Labor, Ottawa, June 1963, pp. 460-478. 50 cents,
Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.)

Bulletin
N o.

Pages

Price
(cents)

1345-72
1345-73
1345-74

16
22
18

20
25
20

Proceedings of New York University Fifteenth Annual
Conference on Labor, New York City, June 11-13,
1962. Edited by Emanuel Stein. Albany, N.Y., Mat­
thew Bender & Co., 1962. 419 pp.

1345-75

26

25

1345-76

20

20

1345-77
1345-78

18
28

20
25

The Management of Scientific Talent— [A Symposium].
Edited by Jerome W. Blood. New York, American
Management Association, 1963. 240 pp. (Manage­
ment Report 76.)

Top Executive Pay Package. By Leonard Randolph Bur­
gess. New York, The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.
231 pp., bibliography. $4.95.
Are Wages High in Detroit? By Henry C. Thole and
Harold C. Taylor. Kalamazoo, Mich., W. E. Upjohn
Institute for Employment Research, 1963. 86 pp.

The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science—An Essay
on Method. By Ludwig von Mises. Princeton, N.J.,
D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1962. 148 pp. $4.50.
Economic Growth W ith Two Endogenous Factors. By
Jiirg Niehans. (In Quarterly Journal of Economics,
Cambridge, Mass., August 1963, pp. 349-371. $1.75.)

A Review of the Application of the Davis-Bacon Act. By
W. S. Price. (In Labor Law Journal, Chicago, July
1963, pp. 614-636. $1.)

Growth, Employment, and the Price Level—Intermediate
Macroeconomic Measurement Theory and Policy. By
Franklin V. Walker. Englewood Clifts, N. J., PrenticeHall, Inc., 1963. 342 pp. $6.95.

Rational Wage Policy in Israel, 1948-62. By Milton
Derber. (In Quarterly Review of Economics & Busi­
ness, University of Illinois, Champaign, 111., Autumn
1963, pp. 47-60. $1.50.)

Macroeconomics: Fluctuations, Growth, and Stability. By
Maurice W. Lee. Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin,
Inc., 1963. 646 pp. 3d ed. $11.35.

Zur Lohnpolitik in einer freien W irtschaft. By Bernhard
Tacke. (In Gewerkschaftliche Monatshefte, Bundes­

Economic Planning in W estern Europe. By V Lewis
Bassie. (In Quarterly Review of Economics and


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1218
Business, University of Illinois, Champaign, Summer
1963, pp. 7-17. $1.50.)
The European Economic Community. By Walter Hallstein. (In Political Science Quarterly, Academy of
Political Science, Columbia University, New York,
June 1963, pp. 161-178. $1.50.)
The Soviet Economy: A Collection of Western and Soviet
Views. Edited by Harry G. Shaffer. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963. 456 pp. $3.95, paper.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963
Research and Development in Industry, 1960: Final Re­
ports on a Survey of R&D Funds and RdD Scientists
and Engineers. Washington, National Science Foun­
dation, 1963. 118 pp. (NSF 63-7.) 65 cents, Super­
intendent of Documents, Washington.
Working Conditions in Canadian Industry, 1962. Ottawa,
Canadian Department of Labor, Economics and Re­
search Branch, 1962. 137 pp. (Report 6.) 35 cents,
Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.

Current Labor Statistics
TABLES
A.

—Employment

A -l. Estimated total labor force classified by employment status and sex
A-2. Employees in non agricultural establishments, by industry
1225 A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
1229 A-4. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups,
seasonally adjusted
1229 A-5. Production workers in manufacturing industries, by major industry group, seasonally
adjusted
1230 A-6. Unemployment insurance and employment service program operations
1220
1221

B.
1231

B -l.

—Labor Turnover
Labor turnover rates, by major industry group

C.
1234
1246
1246
1247
1249
1249

—Earnings and Hours

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers, by industry
C-2. Average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, of production workers in selected industries
C-3. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers in manufacturing,
by major industry group
C-4. Average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by industry
C—5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man hours and payrolls in industrial and construction
activities
C-6. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production workers in manufacturing

D.
1250
1251
1252
1254
1255

—Consumer and Wholesale Prices

D -l. Consumer Price Index—All-city average: All items, groups, subgroups, and special
groups of items
D-2. Consumer Price Index—All items and food indexes, by city
D-3. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
D-4. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
D-5. Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing and durability of product

E. —Work Stoppages
1256

E—1. Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes

F. —Work Injuries
1257

F—1.

In jury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries 1

i This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the R e v iew .
N ote: W ith the exceptions noted, the statistical series here from the Bureau of Labor Statistics are described in T echniques o f P r e p a r in g M a jo r B L S
S ta tis tic a l S eries (BLS Bulletin 1168,1954), and cover the United States -without Alaska and Hawaii.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1219

1220

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

A.—Employment
T able

A -l. Estimated total labor force classified by employment status and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and over 1

Employment status

1963

Aug.

July

June

M ay

1962

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Annual aver­
age
Sept.

Aug.

1961

1960

Total, both sexes
Total labor force.

M

77,167 77, 917 77, 901. 75, 864 74,897 74,382 73, 999 73,323 74,142 74, 532 74,923 74,914 76, 554 74,175

Civilian labor force........ .......................
74,418
Unemployment_________________
3,857
Unemployment rate seasonally adju sted 2_____________________
5.5
Unemployed 4 weeks or less..........
1,670
Unemployed 5-10 weeks................
806
Unemployed 11-14 weeks...............
430
Unemployed 15-26 weeks_______
439
Unemployed over 26 weeks______
510
Employment______ ____________
70, 561
N onagricultural_____________
65,065
Worked 35 hours or more______
47,678
Worked 15-34 hours....................
6, 985
Worked 1-14 h o u rs.....................
3,261
W ith a job but not at w ork2___
7,142
Agricultural_______ __________
5,496
Worked 35 hours or more...........
3,702
Worked 15-34 hours__________
1,155
Worked 1-14 hours___________
444
With a job but not at work 3___
196

75,173 75,165 73,127 72,161 71,650 71,275 70,607 71,378 71,782 72,187 72.179 73,695 71,603
4,322 4, 846 4,066 4,063 4, 501 4, 918 4, 672 3, 817 3,801 3,294 3, 512 3,932 4,806
5.6
1,907

1,221

5.7
2,802
806

222

260
376
502
557
514
70, 851 70,319
64, 882 64,365
47,214 49, 804
, 556 7,015
3,332 3,580
7,780 3,966
5, 969 5, 954
4,130 4,199
1,237 1,226
466
413
137
119

6

5.9
1,833
679
262
649
643
69,061
63, 883
50,383
7,261
4,144
2,093
5,178
3,489
1,196
415
80

6.1

5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.7
1,597 1,553 1,814 1,996 1,697 1,960 1,546 1,681 1,702 1,897
672
963 1,315 1,162
840
684
654
940
964
630
371
598
485
361
300
292
229
411
295
358
743
696
684
612
525
469
418
341
428
728
681
691
619
541
453
397
447
593
477
804
68,097 67,148 66,358 65,935 67,561 67, 981
, 893
, 668 69, 762
, 796
63,424 62, 812 62, 309 61, 730 63,495 63,098 63,418 63,103 63, 993 61,333
46, 505 48,669 47,063 48,480 49,175 45,107 48,047 49, 684 47,264 47,257
10,455 7, 588
, 573 7,235 7,932 11,894 9,426 7,265 6,849 7,522
3,856 4,119 4,238 3, 845 4,143 4,074 3, 811 3,475 3,222 3,610
2,608 2,436 2, 432 2,172 2,243
2,133 2,680
, 657 2,946
4,673 4,337 4,049 4,206 4,066 4,883 5,475 5, 564 5, 770 5,463
3,198 2,587 2,261 2,522 2,352 3,262 3,688 3,693 3,900 3,540
1,041 1,042 1,040
987
907 1,069 1,232 1,310 1,285 1,245
305
467
483
444
490
398
462
426
404
477
129
241
267
249
316
153
129
182

68

68

66

8

2,021

6

101

200

73,126
70,612
3,931
5.6
1,799
823
353
502
454
66,681
60,958
46,388
8,249
3,279
3,042
5,723
3,811
1,279
444
190

Males
Total labor force__________ _____ _

52,060 52,477 52,204 50, 483 50,010 49,675 49, 503 49,269 49,574 49,719 49, 974 50,110 51,657 49,918

49,507

Civilian labor force______________
Unemployment_______________
Em ploym ent_________________
Nonagricultural_____________
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours............... .
Worked 1-14 hours_________
W ith a job but not at w ork2
Agricultural..................................
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours________
Worked 1-14 hours_________
W ith a job but not at work s.

49,342
2,224
47,118
42, 733
34,007
3, 345
1,441
3,941
4,385
3,232
669
315
168

47,025
2, 541
44, 485
39, 807
32, 511
4,100
1,360
1,836
4,678
3,365
792
348
172
»

49, 765
2,516
47,249
42, 538
33, 791
3,060
1,437
4,250
4, 711
3, 591
681
329

111

49, 500
2,779
46, 722
42,078
35,283
3,256
1,551
1,988
4,644
3,634
637
276
96

47,778
2,434
45,345
41,205
35,055
3,161
1,795
1,193
4,140
3, 071
702
296

47,306
2,600
44, 706
40, 762
32,806
4, 941
1,658
1,357
3, 945

46,975
3,013
43, 962
40,251
33, 648
3,439

1,688

2,888
700
247

68

112

1,476
3,711
2,383
730
384
216

46, 816
3,293
43,523
39, 994
32, 710
4,026
1,779
1,481
3, 529
2,074
786
423
246

46,585
3,080
43, 505
39, 839
33.648
3,251
1,593
1,351
3,666
2,281
751
400
232

46, 841
2,522
44,319
40, 782
33, 946
3, 612
1,760
1,461
3,537
2,181
656
424
276

47,001
2,259
44,743
40,703
31,704
6,130
1,618
1,250
4,040
2,908
692
307
133

47,269
1,881
45,387
41,131
33, 774
4,428
1,628
1,302
4,256
3,168
694
281
114

47,406
1,991
45,415
41.052
34, 769
3,261
1,433
1,588
4,363
3,180
780
309
92

48, 830
2,327
46, 503
41.899
33,483
3,316
1,449
3,652
4,604
3, 327
819
293
165

47.378
3,060
44,318
39,811
32, 984
3,587
1,511
1,729
4,508
3,132
827
370
179

1

Females
Total labor force________________

25,108 25,440

25,381 24,886 24,707 24,492 24,054 24,568 24, 812 24,949 24,804 24,897 24,257

23,619

Civilian labor force.____ ________
Unemployment_______________
Employm ent_______ ____ _____
N onagricultural......... .................
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours............... .
Worked 1-14 hours_________
With a job but not at w o rk 2
Agricultural............................... .
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours________
Worked 1-14 hours_________
W ith a job but not at w ork2

25,076
1.633
23,443
22,332
13,672
3,640
1,819
3,202

25, 349
1,632
23, 717
22,679
15,327
4,099
2,352
900
1,038
418
493
117

23,587
1,390
22,196
21,151
13,877
4,149
1,919
1,206
1,045
445
486
96
17

1,111

467
485
129
28

12

24,854
1,463
23,391
22,663
13,699
5,515
2,198
1,251
728
311
341
59
17

1 Estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of households
and are subject to sampling variability. Data relate to the calendar week
ending nearest the 15th day of the month. The employed total includes all
wage and salary workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid workers in
family-operated enterprises. Persons in institutions are not included.
Because of rounding, sums of individual item s do not necessarily equal
totals.
Unemployment as a percent of labor force.
Includes persons who had a job or business but who did not work during
the survey week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor dispute.
Prior to January 1957, also included were persons on layoff with definite
mstructions to return to work within 30 days of layoff and persons who had

2
2


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

24,675
1,489
23,186
22,560
15,022
4,149
2,430
960
625
204
312
83
26

24,460
1,625
22,835
22,315
14,356
4, 547
2, 459
950
520
187
255
57

20

24, 022
1.592
22, 430
21, 890
14, 835
3, 983
2,252
820
540
243
236
44
17

24, 537
1,295
23,242
22,714
15,228
4,319
2,383
782
528
172
252

24, 781
1,543
23,238
22,395
13,404
5, 763
2,457
771
843
355
377
91
40
27

66

24.918
1,413
23, 505
22,287
14,273
4, 998
2,184
832
1,219
520
538
145
15

24, 773
1,520
23,253
22,051
14, 914
4,004
2,042
1,092

24,865
1,605
23,260
22,094
13,782
3, 533
1,773
3,005
1,166
512
573
529
466
152
9
17

1,201

110

24,225
1,747
22,478
21,523
14,273
3,934
2,098
1,217
955
408
419
107

22

new jobs to which they were scheduled to report within 30 days. Most o f
the persons in these groups have, since that tim e, been classified as unem­
ployed.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Explanatory Notes (in E m p lo y ­
m en t a n d E a rn in g s, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
current issues).
Figures for periods prior to April 1962 are not strictly comparable with
current data because of the introduction of 1960 Census data into the esti­
mation procedure. The change primarily affected the labor force and em­
ployment totals, which were reduced by about 200,000. The unemployment
totals were virtually unchanged.

1221

A.—EMPLOYMENT

T a ble

A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry1
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.

[inthousands]

Annual
average

1962

1963
Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June
Total employees.
M i n i n g __________

M etal mining.
Iron ores___
Copper ores.

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

57,603 57,437 57, 609 56, 967 56, 505 55, 714 55, 374 55,409 57,044 56,828 56,953 56,872 56,329 65,841 54,224
652
672
657
652
663
644
622
634
618
632
616
650
643
642
648
87.4
82.8
82.1
78.8
78.0
77.5
77.9
76.8
79.5
78.7
83.0
81.5
84.0
84.6
25.5
26.9
26.1
24.4
23.9
22.4
23.1
21.5
22.9
24.4
23.1
26.9
26.5
27.7
28.5
29.0
28.8
27.9
27.8
27.7
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.5
28.0
27.9
27.9
27.5

Coal m in ing...
Bituminous.

126.0
114.5

138.8
128.0

141.5
130.5

142.8
131.9

141.7
130.5

147.3
135.8

148.1
136.6

147.9
136.2

150.0
138.1

151.5
139.8

150.1
138.8

149.1
137.7

151.7
139.8

161.3
147.1

Crude petroleum and natural gas-----Crude petroleum and natural gas fields.
Oil and gas field services......................

302.6
167.6
135.0

300.3
166.3
134.0

295.0
163.0
132.0

289.7
162.9
126.8

288.1
162.3
125.8

287.8
163.1
124.7

289.1
163.4
125.7

295.6
163.7
131.9

294.5
164.3
130.2

297.4
165.0
132.4

301.6
167.8
133.8

303.5
170.4
133.1

299.2
167.4
131.8

303.1
171.3
131.8

Quarrying and nonmetallie mining.

128.6

127.0

123.3

118.1

107.7

103.8

106.8

113.2

121.9

124.9

126.5

128.5

118.7

119.8

3,057 3,195 3,235 3,288
916.7 944.9 959.0 985.7
620.3 690.0 709.1 727.1
317.3 367.1 381.7 392.1
303.0 322.9 327.4 335.0
1,520.2 1,559. 6 1,567.2 1,575.6

2,909
881.1
593.8
298.1
295.7

2,816
874.9
583.3
291.5
291.8
1,357.9

C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------------

3,411

General building contractors........ .............
H eavy construction________________
Highway and street construction-------Other heavy construction------ -----------Special trade contractors------ -----------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------

Durable goods-----Nondurable goods.

3,361 3,232 3,049 2,846 2,556 2,470 2,584 2,776
1,027. 2 984.6 916.0 864.0 768.6 741.7 781.2 837.8
721.1 691.0 635.7 551.0 451.0 420.7 448.4 511.4
393.0 377.6 341.5 274.9 203.8 181.9 197.7 239.2
328.1 313.4 294.2 276.1 247.2 238.8 250.7 272.2
1,612.3 1,556.1 L, 497.2 1,430.9 1,336.5 1,308.0 1,354.2 1,427.0

17,160 17,057 17,111 16,960 16,845 16,756 16,683 16,687 16,862 17,023 17,157 17,249 17,040 16,859 16,327
9,072
9,583 9, 670 9,738 9,673 9,593 9,508 9,474 9,481 9,546 9,606 9, 633 9, 638 9,455 9
7,255
L 577 7,387 7,373 7,287 7,252 7,248 7,209 7,206 7, 316 7,417 7,524 7,611 7, 585

D u ra b le goods

58.5

276.9
191.8
26.6
58.5

275.5
189.3
27.7
58.5

274.5
187.7
28.6
58.2

273.9
186.9
29.4
57.6

277.9
189.8
30.1
58.0

279.2
190.6
30.9
57.7

279.8
190.2
31.5
58.1

280.7
191.0
31.5
58.2

281.0
190.8
31.9
58.3

279.4
189.8
31.9
57.7

279.2
189.3
32.2
57.7

280.3
190.7
32.5
57.1

270.7
183.4
32.1
55.1

234.7
153.3
33.6
47.8

611.2
89.9
263.8

587.8
82.1
256.9

584.9
78.5
255.4

594.6
82.4
257.1

571.9
74.1
248.3

560.9
71.1
244.9

556.1
72.6
241.8

561.2
74.7
244.0

572.5
78.5
246.4

589.8
84.3
253.9

601.5
87.3
258.7

610.5
90.8
262.1

620.5
94.4
265.0

588.7
83.0
255.7

582.9
84.6
257.9

156.1
35.9
65.5

148.8
36.5
63.5

149.9
36.6
64.5

155.1
36.0
64.0

151.7
35.0
62.8

148.0
34.3
62.6

146.4
34.0
61.3

147.3
34.2
61.0

150.8
35.2
61.6

154.1
35.6
61.9

156.6
36.4
62.5

158.3
36.2
63.1

160.6
37.1
63.4

151.9
36.4
61.8

143.2
38.4
59.0

Furniture and fixtures___________
Household furniture......................... .........
Office furniture.............................. —
Partitions; office and store fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures...........

393.6
284.8

385.5

387.7
280.7
26.9
39.0
41.1

382.8

382.6

384.2

387.8

2 7 8 .9

2 7 7 .3

2 7 6 .7

2 7 9 .8

26.6
38.2
40.0

26.8
37.8
39.1

383.0
278.6
27.0
38.7
38.7

382.3

2 7 8 .0

25.6
40.4
41.0

27.2
38.9
38.9

28.3
39.6
39.6

28.9
39.0
40.1

391.8
282.1
29.0
39.9
40.8

393.1
283.1
27.0
42.1
40.9

392.6
281.7
26.8
42.4
41.7

391.6
278.8
28.7
42.0
42.1

385.1
276.0
27.8
40.6
40.7

367.5
262.0
26.6
38.2
40.7

Stone, clay, and glass produ cts..............
Flat glass--------------------------------------Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.
Cement, hydraulic-------------------------Structural clay p ro d u cts...............—
Pottery and related p r o d u cts.............

630.2
30.3
116. C 116.0
42.6
42. 7
71.3
71.5
43.5
186.7 185.3
122.7 121.7

626.8
30.2
115.6
42.3
71.1
43.5
183.3
121.3

615.3
30.1
113.6
41.0
69.8
43.7
177.3
120.3

599.6
29.9

574.1
29.3
110.9
36.2
63.9
43. C
154.8
116.5

563.2
29.5
109.5
35.4
62.9
42.7
148.6
115.5

567.7
29.7
107.6
37.0
64.2
42.8
150.8
116.2

583.1
30.7
108.7
38.7

601.9
31.5
109.4
41.1

44.2
168.2
119.0

616.4
30.8
111.7
42.2
70.8
44.4
177.0
120.3

618.8
30.5

43.2
157.9
117.7

612.0
31.0
110.9
41.6
69.6
45.0
174.4
119.8

594.0
30.4
109.6
40.1
68.3
43.8
164.4
118.9

582.0
29.9
106.6
40.2
70.4
42.9
158.5
116.4

Ordnance and accessories--------------------Ammunition, except for small arms----Sighting and fire control equipment.
Other ordnance and accessories-----Lumber and wood products, except
furniture.................... ............................
Logging camps and logging contractors.
Sawmills and planing m ills....................
Millwork, plywood, and related
products-------------------------------------W ooden containers— ...............................
Miscellaneous wood products................

Other stone and mineral products.
Primary metal industries_________
Iron and steel foundries--------------------Nonferrous smelting and refining...........
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and
extruding-----—................................
Nonferrous foundries_______________

279.2
193.7

41.5

2 7 8 .5

634.3

112.6

40.0
67.7
43.6
168.0
118.5

1,176.2 1,197.9 1,209.1 1,191. 6 1,174.8
595. 0 618.1 623.9 612.2 597.9
198.0 198.8 200.5 198.4 197.2
67.6
68.4
69.6
70.3
71.0
183. 9
70.8
57.5

182.6
70.7
57.4

185.4
71.4
58.3

183.1
71.3
58.2

66.8 68.8

112.1
42.4
71.4
43.8
178.9

120.8

1

1,151.9 .1,136.4 1,123.0 1,123. 2 1,117. 4 ,122. 3 1,135.0 1,133.0 1,163.8 1,142.7
578.5 564.3 550.6 550.3 545.8 550.1 561.1 562.2 591.9 595.5
195.1 194.4 193.4 193.5 193.0 193.8 194.7 191.9 193.6 186.7
66.6
68.4
68.1
68.7
68.3
67.8
66.5
67.0
66.7

68.8

182.0
71.5
58.6

181.4
71.5
58.7

181.0
71.5
58.7

180.9
71.9
59.2

180.9
71.9
58.8

180.9
70.8
58.6

181.6
70.6
57.4

1

181.8
70.6
58.1

180.9
70.6
59.0

181.3
70.0
58.9

174.4
63.7
55.7

1,140.5 1,145.0 1,146.7 1,126.8 1,127.5 1,084. 5
Fabricated metal products......................... 1,158. 4 1,148.9 1,163.0 1,147. 6 1,133.7 ,121.5 1,119.7 1,123.0 1,133.8
59.9
61.3
65.1
60.7
65.0
57.7
57.4
58.1
58.8
60.2
62.0
63.0
64.6
65.0
67.1
M etal cans-------------------------------------Cutlery, handtools, and general hard­
127.7
134.8
131.4
134.8
137.3
136.1
136.2
137.0
135.7
134.8
134.8
129.6 130.1 135.5 134.6
ware_____________________________
Heating equipment and plumbing
73.2
74.9
76.4
76.1
76.4
74.4
75.3
73.4
74.5
74. a
74.8
75.9
77.0
77.6
79. 4
fixtures---------------------------------------340.7 339.6 331.5 332.7
349.8 346.4 344.3 335.9 327.5 320.8 319.7 322.6 328. C 332. C 336.
82.1
87.9
87.
b
87.7
88.4
88.5
.
<
.!
.
Í
88.5
89.1
87.7
89.3
Screw machine products, bolts, etc.
180.6 190.4 177.2
187. 5 188.6 196.8 196.1 194.4 192.7 193.1 196.1 197.fi 197.1 197.1 193.8
M etal stampings------------ -- ------ 62.5
67.2
67.
6
69.1
70.4
69.
67.
S
67.1
66.9
68.7
69.7
70.2
69.3
70. 5
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
53.3
56.7
56.1
57.2
58. C 58.2
57. C 57.7
56.8
57.3
57.7
57.3
57.9
56.9
57. 5
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.
115.8
122.9
122.
4
122.3
.
£
124.3
125.0
124.4
125.2
125.6
125.9
126.2
127.6
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. 127.7 127.3

88

88

88.8 88
66.8

88.2

121

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1222

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T a ble

A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry i—Continued
[In thousands]

Revised series; see box, p.1228.

1963

1962

Annual
average

IndustryAug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods —Continued

Machinery___ _____________
1, 509. 1, 513. 1, 523. 1,516. 1, 518. 1, 514. 1,506.4 1, 501. 1,496.8 1,495. 1,495. 1,498. 1,494.4 1,489. 1,419 0
Engines and turbines.........IIIIIIIIIIII
85.3
84.
84.
84.
85.'
85.'
85.9
86.5
84. < 84.;
84.
84.
84.9
79 3
84.
Farm machinery and equipm ent......... —
117.
120.
122.
125. C 125.1 123.4 118. £ 114. 5 111.4 112.
112.
108 8
111. 8 112
Construction and related machinery__ 215.8 214.
215.
212. £ 211.
210.
210.4 210.5 210.8 210. £ 210. C 213. € 214.7 210.' 200! 9
Metalworking machinery and equip­
m ent___________________________ 267.2 268.
271. C 269.4 269.4 268.4 266.8 265.7 265.3 263.8 261. £ 260.] 257.8 261
247 5
Special industry machinery_________
167. 1 167.
168. £ 168.
168. £ 168.1 167.5 168.
169.0 169.
169.8 169.
161 6
170.5 169
General industrial machinery________ 231. 2 231.4 231.
229.
229
229. C 228.6 229.7 227.9 230.
230.7
230.
£
230.0
227.
217.2
Office, computing, and accounting
machines............................
154.5 153.
153.0 152.3 153. £ 153.9 153.8 154.8 155.1 155. £ 155.6 156.8 157.1 156 3 152 0
Service industry m achines...1111111111
98.; 100.
102.9 103.3 101.9 100.1 98.8
98.5
98.4
99.
99.3 100. C 99 5 100 8 95 4
Miscellaneous machinery___________
177. ( 176. C 177.0 174.9 173.7 173.
171.2 170.3 170.9 172.2 171.6 170.1 168.1 167.4 156! 4
Electrical equipment and supplies........... 1,571. 7 1, 565.5 1,580.4 1,572.8 1, 572.4 1, 577.4 1,586.9 1, 597. 3 1,610.4 1,614.3 1,613.6
1, 590.3 1, 579 2 1,474 7
Electric distribution equipment______ 168. f 168. 2 168.5 167.8 167.6 167.4 168.0 168.9 170.3 170.6 170.4 1,' 607.8
170. 0 ' 169. 7 167 8 162.8
Electrical industrial apparatus_______ 187. e 187. 7 188.2 186.8 186.1 185.7 186.5 186.6 187. 5 187.6 187.1 187.
185. 7 185. 4 176 6
Household appliances______________
154. 4 1b'Z. 5 155.0 153.4 151.9 149.2 149.8 150. (
150.7 151.7 150. 9 148.2 150 2 148 2
Electric lighting and wiring equipment. 150. 7 147.1 147.4 146.0 147.0 147.2 146.7 146.1 150.8
146.9
147.2
147.6
146.7
Radio and TV receiving sets_________ 119.0 113.5 112.1 106.9 103.7 104.9 106.3 108.7 112.1 116.1 118.4 117.9 143. 8 143 2 135 6
115.2 110 7 102 8
Communication equipment____
423. 7 426.8 432.0 435.8 441.0 447.1 452.1 455.5 458.6 456.8 453.8 451.3 448.
8 445 0 404 7
Electronic components and accessories. 264.0 261.0 265.7 265.2 264.7 265.5 265.9 268.9 271.0 272.1
272.0
272.5
270.8
266.8 243.0
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and supplies_____________________ 103.7 108.7 111.5 110.9 110.4 110.4 111.8 112.6 113.2 113.2 112.6
111.4

108.1

110.0 101.0

Transportation equipment_____ _____ 1,468.2 1,604.3 1,620. 7 1,620.4 1, 616. 5 1,603. 7 1,607. 5 1, 612. 7 1,609. 2 1,600.2 1, 590. 2 1,575.0
1, 542 3 1, 458 8
Motor vehicles and equipment. .
593. i 731.9 747.0 745.8 738.9 727.4 730.8 740.3 741.5 734.7 726.8 712.2 1,430.5
574.3 691 6 633 1
Aircraft and parts__________ ____
647.5 646. 5 644. 9 644.5 647.6 649.4 653.0 655.1 653.7 650.7 644.6 643.8 636.0
634 6 619 2
Ship and boat building and repairing.. 143. 6 142.3 144.0 148.9 149.4 149.3 147.2 145.6 142.4 141.5 143.3 141.9
141.9 141. 3 141.6
Railroad equipment_______________
44.4
44. 7
42.3
43.0
42.3
41.6
40.0
39.3
39.4
40.5
42.1
42.8
40. 6
34.7
Other transportation equipment_____
39. 2
40.1
38.9
37.6
34.9
35.3
31.7
32.3
33.9
35.0
35.0
35.5

34.2

30.3

Instruments and related products______ 376.5
Engineering and scientific instruments.
Mechanical measuring and control ............
devices.______ _________________
99.0
Optical and ophthalmic goods__~IIIZZ_I
42.0
Surgical, medical, and dental equip­
ment____ _____________________
53.2
Photographic equipment and supplies.
Watches and clocks________________

372.5
73.4

373.5
73.9

368.1
73.4

367.3
73.6

366.0
74.1

364.8
74.1

364.8
75.2

365.3
75.3

365.3
75.2

364.8
75.2

364.2
75.1

363.9
74.5

360.4
73.9

347.4
74.4

98.0
41.1

97.9
42.0

97.0
41.5

97.4
41.0

97.5
40.9

97.3
40.9

96.8
40.4

96.3
40.5

96.0
40.4

95.5
40.7

95.4
40.6

95.5
40.5

95 0
40.6

89 7
39.2

52.5
77.4
30.1

53.6
76.0
30.1

53.0
74.3
28.9

52.7
73.8
28.8

52.3
73.1
28.1

52.1
72.7
27.7

51.7
72.9
27.8

51.4
73.4
28.4

51.4
73.5
28.8

51.2
73.4
28.8

51.0
73.3
28.8

50.9
74.0
28.5

50.1
72.4
28.3

48.1
69 4
26.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods..
Pens, pencils, office and art materials..
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
Other manufacturing industries______

387.3
38.6
106.0
31.3
55.9
155.5

393.2
4i. 1
105.2
31.9
58.0
156.4

388.7
41. 5
103.6
32.1
56.1
155.4

381.2
41.6
96.8
31.7
55.2
155.9

377.0
41.5
92.3
31.4
56.1
155.7

371.6
41.9
86.7
30.8
56.4
155.8

365.7
41.7
82.2
30.9
55.8
155.1

383.1
42.6
92.4
31.6
58.3
158.2

407.7
43.6
111.5
32.2
60.1
160.3

416.3
43.4
118.1
32.4
59.9
162.5

412.4
43.0
114.8
32.0
59.6
163.0

405.3
42.3
112.4
31.6
58. 8
160.2

391. 2
42 3
102. 5
31.0
57.8
157.6

378.2
42 4
97.7
30.0
56.7
151.4

404.6
40.6
—
—

159.9

N o n d u ra b le goods

Food and kindred products________
1, 855.7 1, 779.0 1, 732.0 1,679.9 1, 659.4 1, 658. 2 1,648.7 1, 671.1 1, 724.0 1, 764.3 1, 842.2 1, 912.6 1, 894. 8 1, 759.9 1, 775.2
Meat products________
_____
310. 7 310. 8 307.8 303.6 300.6 299.1 301.8 305.4 313.1 318.0 318.2 315.5 317.5 312. 9 319.5
Dairy products________ _____" " " "
305. 5 307.7 305.2 297.5 294.2 292.0 290.6 291.4 294.6 296.3 299.9 305.9 314.0
303.4 310.5
Canned and preserved foods, except
m eats...................................................
263.6 227.4 203.2 197.5 197.4 190.1 196.3 210.6 234.9 304.7 383.2 364.1 253 7 249.7
Grain mill products______ ____
136.6 136.1 134.1 131.1 127.8 128.6 127.6 128.4 128.8 128.5 132.4 134.6 135. 5
Bakery products...
..............
296.7 296.4 294.0 290.7 289.4 290.6 289.7 290.8 294.2 296.4 296.1 295. 2 296.0 130.8 131.0
293.6 295.9
Sugar.____ _________ _________ ‘ "I*
30.7
30.9
47.1
48. 7
33.3
36 4
Confectionery and related products. _
77.2
69. 4
72.6
70.8
71.3
75.0
75.4
76.6
80.6
83.8
81.7
79.6
73.9
75.4
76.9
Beverages________________________
223. 7 224.5 219.9 213.2 209.5 206.7 202.4 204.6 210.3 211.8 215.6 220.8 219.6 212.3
213.1
Miscellaneous food and kindred prod­
ucts.............................................
141.1 139.8 140.1 139.2 140.2 140.4 141.3 141.4
Tobacco manufactures_____
101.5
Cigarettes..................
cigars.............................. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : '

74.9
38.2
21.9

75.6
38.1

76.5
37.5

78.6
37.6

80.8
37.6

Textile mill products..... ................ .......... 897.6
Cotton broad woven fabrics_________
234.1
Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics.
85.1
Weaving and finishing broad woolens..
48.8
Narrow fabrics and small wares
27. i
Knitting_____________________
219. 7
Finishing textiles, except wool and knit.
75.6
Floor covering_____________
—
Yarn and thread___I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII” " 105. 3
Miscellaneous textile goods________ I J
64.5

883.2
232. 4
82.3
49.5
26. 2
215. 7
73.6
3/. 1

895.1
233.0
83.6
50.4
27.2
218.3
74.5
37. i
104.9
. ll

887.6
232.5
82.6
50.2
26.9
215.3
74.1
37.1
103.6
65.3

886.9
233.0
82.1
50.7
26.8
213.3
74.5
37.7
103.1
65.7

884.8
233.5
81.9
50.8
26.7

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

102.1
64. 3

66

212.1
74.4
37.7
102.4
65.3

86.1

37.1

881.2
233.4
81.9
50.7
26.8
208.8
74.1
38.3
102.4
64.8

144.7

145.9

147.1

89.1
37.4

94.8
37.5

96.7
37.3
24.0

111.2

881.4
234.9
82.3
49.1
26.9
207.1
74.3
38.6

893.1
236.8
82.8
49.3
27.5
212.5
75.3
38.9
103.4

901.9
237.7
82.3
50.1
27.8
219.7
75.1
39.0
103.4

102.2
66.0 66.6 66.8

144.5

143.0

142.4

142.3

37.3
23.6

117.5
38.2
23.8

103.1
38.3
23.6

91.0
37.5
23.9

90.7
38.0
25.5

906.4
237.8
82.0
51.3
27.5
223.6
75.1
38.5
103.9
66.7

908.1
238.8
82.4
52.0
27.7
224.2
74.6
37.8
103.8

909.6
239.6
82.4
52. 7
27. 5
226.2
74.5
36.5
104.4
65.8

902.6
240.4
81. 7
51. 8
27.6
219.4
74.9
37.4
103.3
66.3

893.4
243.6
82.6
51.9
26.6
214.3
73.4
35 7
99.3
65.9

66.81

A.—EMPLOYMENT
T able

1223

A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.

[in thousands]
1963

1962

A nnual
average

In d u str y
A u g .2

J u ly 2

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

O ct.

S ep t.

A ug.

1962

1961

M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d
N o n d u r a b le p o o d s— C o n t i n u e d
A p p a r e l a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s _____
1 ,3 2 2 .0 1 ,2 8 0 . 5 1 ,2 8 9 .2 1, 288. 2 1 ,2 8 0 . 2 1 ,3 0 1 .2 1 ,2 8 4 .0 1 ,2 5 1 .2 1, 2 6 7 .8 1, 2 8 4 .8 1 ,2 9 0 .3 1 ,2 9 7 .1 1 ,2 9 8 .9 1 ,2 6 6 . 7 1 ,2 1 4 . 5
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ s u i t s a n d c o a t s .............. ..
1 1 6 .3
1 1 3 .8
1 1 8 .8
117. £
116.3
1 1 7 .7
1 1 7 .9
1 1 7 .9
1 1 8 .5
1 1 7 .9
1 1 8 .7
1 1 9 .6
1 1 9 .2
1 1 7 .2
1 1 4 .3
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ f u r n i s h i n g s , - . . .
3 3 5 .7
3 2 9 .5
3 3 4 .1
330. i
3 2 6 .8
3 2 3 .6
3 2 2 .5
3 1 9 .4
3 2 3 .6
3 2 6 .8
3 2 7 .1
3 2 8 .6
3 2 8 .5
3 1 9 .0
2 9 6 .3
W o m e n ’s , m i s s e s ’, a n d j u n i o r s ’ o u t e r w e a r _______________ _______
4 0 2 .2
3 8 0 .2
3 8 5 .4
3 9 0 .5
388.4
4 0 4 .8
396. C 3 7 5 .1
3 7 8 .3
376. 7
3 7 9 .8
3 8 6 .4
3 9 3 .7
3 8 1 .7
3 6 8 .6
W o m e n ’s a n d
c h i l d r e n ’s u n d e r g a r m e n t s ______ _________________
1 2 1 .0
1 1 4 .0
1 1 6 .0
1 1 6 .4
1 1 6 .1
1 1 6 .5
1 1 4 .5
1 1 5 .8
1 1 7 .7
1 2 0 .2
1 2 0 .8
1 1 9 .1
1 1 7 .9
1 1 6 .5
1 1 4 .3
H a t s , c a p s , a n d m i l l i n e r y ........................... ..
3 2 .7
2 9 .5
32 8
30. 7
3 1 .2
29 9
32 7
33 0
33 6
3 5 .8
35. 4
3 3 .2
31 2
32 4
G ir l s ’ a n d c h i l d r e n ’s o u t e r w e a r ___
8 2 .3
8 0 .6
8 0 .9
7 9 .6
75. 4
8 1 .3
80. 6
7 7 .8
78 4
76 1
76. 6
7 8 .4
79 0
80 1
78 7
F u r g o o d s a n d m is c e lla n e o u s a p p a r e l—
7 2 .5
7 3 .0
7 1 .4
7 1 .0
7 1 .5
69. 4
67. 8
7 3 .7
78 0
7 3 .9
7 8 .8
7 7 .8
7 6 .7
7L 6
M i s c e l l a n e o u s f a b r ic a t e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s ________ __________ __________
1 5 8 .4
1 5 1 .7
1 5 4 .1
1 5 5 .0
1 5 2 .6
1 5 0 .0
1 4 6 .4
1 4 5 .5
1 4 9 .8
1 5 3 .8
1 5 4 .9
1 5 3 .9
1 4 9 .2
1 4 7 .2
1 4 0 .9
P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . . . ............. ..
P a p e r a n d p u l p ___________________
P a p e r b o a r d __________________________
C o n v er te d
paper
and
paperboard
p r o d u c t s _______ _______________ .
P a D er b o a r d c o n ta in e r s a n d b o x e s
P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llie d in d u s t r i e s . . _________________________________
N e w s p a p e r p u b l i s h i n g a n d p r i n t i n g ___
P e r io d ic a l p u b lis h in g a n d p r i n t i n g . . .
B o o k s _______________________ "_______
C o m m e r c i a l p r i n t i n g .............. ..
B o o k b i n d i n g a n d r e la t e d i n d u s t r i e s . . .
O th e r p u b lis h in g a n d p r in t in g in d u s t r i e s ______________________________ ________

6 3 2 .5
2 2 0 .5
6 7 .8

6 2 1 .0
2 1 7 .6
6 8 .1

6 2 4 .1
2 1 7 .8
6 7 .9

6 1 5 .8
2 1 3 .6
6 7 .7

6 1 4 .5
2 1 2 .9
6 6 .8

6 1 3 .2
2 1 2 .2
6 7 .4

6 0 9 .9
2 1 2 .2
6 7 .2

6 1 3 .0
2 1 4 .1
6 7 .5

6 1 8 .2
2 1 5 .4
6 7 .4

6 1 8 .9
2 1 6 .3
6 7 .1

6 2 1 .4
2 1 7 .5
6 7 .1

6 2 3 .4
2 1 8 .9
6 6 .4

6 2 2 .9
2 2 1 .4
6 5 .4

6 1 4 .5
2 1 7 .3
6 5 .8

6 0 1 .3
2 1 9 .6
6 6 .3

1 5 1 .8
1 9 2 .4

1 4 7 .5
1 8 7 .8

1 4 7 .9
1 9 0 .5

1 4 6 .7
1 8 7 .8

1 4 7 .5
1 8 7 .3

1 4 6 .6
1 8 7 .0

1 4 5 .2
1 8 5 .3

1 4 5 .2
1 8 6 .2

1 4 6 .3
1 8 9 .1

1 4 5 .8
1 8 9 .7

1 4 6 .6
1 9 0 .2

1 4 6 .6
1 9 1 .5

1 4 6 .3
1 8 9 .8

1 4 4 .5
1 8 6 .9

1 3 7 .1
1 7 8 .3

9 3 6 .2
3 2 6 .1

9 3 1 .5
3 2 6 .6
68. 4
7 3 .6
2 9 6 .6
5 2 .1

9 3 2 .8
3 2 5 .9
6 8 .8
7 4 .4
2 9 7 .7
5 1 .6

9 2 7 .9
3 2 3 .4
6 9 .9
7 4 .1
2 9 6 .8
5 0 .4

9 2 5 .3
3 2 1 .3
7 0 .3
7 3 .7
2 9 6 .5
5 0 .1

9 0 7 .7
3 0 3 .0
7 1 .2
72. 8
2 9 7 .5
4 9 .7

9 0 3 .3
3 0 2 .2
7 1 .0
72. 4
2 9 5 .2
4 9 .0

9 0 6 .0
3 0 2 .1
71. 7
72. 7
2 9 7 .3
4 9 .3

9 1 3 .7
3 0 5 .4
7 1 .3
72. 6
3 0 0 .6
49. 7

9 3 8 .0
3 2 9 .1
71 6
73 0
2 9 9 .5
4 9 .5

9 3 6 .9
3 2 7 .6
70. 8
73 2
2 9 9 .1
4 9 .8

9 3 3 .4
3 2 6 .5
70 4
73 6
2 9 7 .2
5 0 .4

9 2 5 .9
3 2 7 .2
67 9
73 0
2 9 3 .6
5 0 .7

9 2 4 .9
3 2 4 .1
70 3

9 1 7 .3
3 2 5 .9

2 9 7 .2
5 3 .1

79.' 5

2 9 6 .0
4 9 .1

2 9 2 .4
47. 7

1 1 4 .8

1 1 4 .2

1 1 4 .4

1 1 3 .3

1 1 3 .4

1 1 3 .5

1 1 3 .5

1 1 2 .9

1 1 4 .1

1 1 5 .3

1 1 6 .4

1 1 5 .3

1 1 3 .5

1 1 3 .0

1 0 9 .6

C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ..........................
I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s _______________
P l a s t i c s a n d s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ___
D r u g s _______________________ _______________
S o a p , c le a n e r s , a n d t o i l e t g o o d s _________
P a in t s , v a r n is h e s , a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ..
A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m i c a l s ___________________
O t h e r c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s ............................. ..

8 7 1 .8
2 8 7 .8
1 7 1 .6
1 1 7 .9
1 0 0 .8
6 6 .1
4 5 .7
8 1 .9

8 7 2 .7
2 8 8 .4
1 7 2 .5
1 1 7 .8
9 9 .6
6 6 .1
4 6 .2
8 2 .1

8 7 0 .2
2 8 7 .6
1 7 0 .9
1 1 6 .8
9 9 .2
6 5 .3
4 8 .9
8 1 .5

8 6 9 .4
2 8 5 .2
1 6 8 .7
1 1 5 .4
9 7 .7
6 4 .1
5 6 .8
8 1 .5

8 7 0 .1
2 8 4 .6
1 6 6 .0
1 1 5 .1
9 8 .3
6 3 .6
6 1 .3
8 1 .2

8 5 8 .1
2 8 3 .2
1 6 4 .7
1 1 4 .6
9 8 .2
6 2 .8
5 3 .4
8 1 .2

8 5 0 .1
2 8 2 .2
1 6 4 .2
1 1 4 .0
9 7 .6
6 2 .4
4 9 .3
8 0 .4

8 4 6 .2
2 8 2 .2
1 6 4 .4
1 1 3 .4
9 7 .3
6 1 .8
4 7 .3
7 9 .8

8 4 6 .4
2 8 2 .5
163. 7
1 1 3 .4
9 8 .0
6 1 .9
4 5 .8
8 1 .1

8 4 7 .8
2 8 2 .8
1 6 4 .0
1 1 2 .8
9 9 .0
6 2 .2
4 5 .0
8 2 .0

8 4 9 .8
2 8 2 .6
1 6 3 .6
1 1 2 .2
9 9 .6
6 3 .0
4 6 .6
8 2 .2

8 5 2 .0
2 8 3 .0
1 6 4 .7
1 1 2 .0
9 9 .6
6 3 .8
4 6 .2
8 2 .7

8 5 3 .8
285. 4
1 8 3 .8
1 1 2 .9
9 9 .2
6 4 .9
4 4 .1
8 3 .5

8 4 6 .0
2 8 3 .4
1 6 1 .2
1 1 1 .3
9 6 .9
6 2 .9
4 8 .3
8 1 .9

8 2 7 .2
2 8 1 .8
1 5 3 .4
1 0 8 .5
9 4 .5
6 2 .1
4 6 .9
8 0 .0

P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g a n d r e la t e d i n d u s t r i e s .
P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g _______________ ________
O th e r p e t r o l e u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c t s ____

1 9 3 .1
1 5 6 .1
3 7 .0

1 9 1 .1
1 5 4 .4
3 6 .7

1 9 0 .4
1 5 3 .9
3 6 .5

1 8 8 .9
1 5 3 .4
3 5 .5

1 8 7 .0
153. 6
3 3 .4

1 8 5 .7
1 5 4 .3
3 1 .4

1 8 5 .6
153. 7
3 1 .9

1 8 4 .8
1 5 2 .1
3 2 .7

1 8 6 .2
1 5 2 .5
3 3 .7

1 8 8 .4
153. 4
3 5 .0

1 9 0 .0
1 5 3 .9
3 6 .1

1 9 1 .6
1 5 5 .4
3 6 .2

1 9 8 .9
1 6 2 .4
3 6 .5

1 9 5 .0
160. 5
3 4 .5

2 0 1 .9
1 6 8 .4
3 3 .6

R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------------------------T i r e s a n d i n n e r t u b e s _____________________
O t h e r r u b b e r p r o d u c t s ____________________
M i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c p r o d u c t s ______
.

4 0 5 .0
9 3 .0
1 6 1 .2
1 5 0 .8

4 0 1 .9
9 8 .0
1 5 5 .2
1 4 8 .7

4 1 2 .4
9 8 .7
1 6 2 .1
1 5 1 .6

4 1 0 .4
9 8 .4
1 6 1 .1
1 5 0 .9

4 0 8 .1
9 8 .3
1 6 0 .6
1 4 9 .2

4 0 6 .6
9 8 .1
1 6 0 .9
1 4 7 .6

4 0 6 .0
9 8 .4
1 6 1 .3
1 4 6 .3

412. 1
9 9 .3
1 6 3 .7
1 4 9 .1

4 1 3 .1
9 9 .8
1 6 4 .2
1 4 9 .1

416. 0
9 9 .6
1 6 4 .3
1 5 2 .1

4 1 7 .8
9 9 .8
1 6 4 .5
1 5 3 .5

4 1 5 .1
1 0 0 .4
1 6 4 .1
1 5 0 .6

4 0 9 .5
9 9 .4
1 6 1 .5
1 4 8 .6

4 0 5 .8
9 9 .2
1 6 0 .5
1 4 6 .0

3 7 5 .3
9 7 .7
1 4 8 .6
1 2 8 .9

L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s ______________
L e a t h e r t a n n i n g a n d f i n i s h i n g ___________
F o o t w e a r , e x c e p t r u b b e r . _____________
O t h e r l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s ___________________

3 6 1 .4
3 1 .2
2 4 1 .5
8 8 .7

3 5 0 .7
3 0 .6
2 3 6 .1
8 4 .0

3 5 0 .7
3 1 .5
2 3 5 .7
8 3 .5

3 4 2 .6
3 0 .9
2 3 2 .3
7 9 .4

3 4 2 .0
3 0 .6
2 3 2 .1
7 9 .3

3 5 1 .5
3 0 .8
2 3 7 .4
8 3 .3

3 5 3 .9
3 1 .2
2 3 9 .9
8 2 .8

3 5 0 .9
3 2 .0
2 3 8 .4
8 0 .5

3 5 8 .5
3 2 .2
2 4 0 .7
8 5 .6

3 5 9 .7
3 2 .2
2 3 7 .9
8 9 .6

3 5 7 .7
3 2 .1
2 3 5 .6
9 0 .0

3 6 0 .0
3 2 .0
2 3 9 .0
8 9 .0

3 6 7 .7
3 2 .0
2 4 5 .7
9 0 .0

3 6 0 .3
3 1 .9
2 4 1 .2
8 7 .2

3 5 8 .2
3 2 .3
2 3 9 .6
8 6 .3

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ____ . . .
R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n _________________
m a s s T r a ilr o a d s
...............
L o c a l a n d in te r u r b a n p a s s e n g e r t r a n s it
L o c a l a n d s u b u r b a n t r a n s p o r t a t io n
T a x i c a b s _____ . . .
. ___________
__
I n t e r c i t y a n d r u r a l b u s l i n e s ____________
M o t o r f r e i g h t t r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d s t o r a g e .
A i r t r a n s p o r t a t io n
A i r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m o n c a r r ie r s ___
P i p e l i n e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n _____________________
O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n
C o m m u n i c a t i o n ______ .
.
___
_____
T e l e p h o n e c o m m u n i c a t i o n _______________
T e l e g r a p h c o m m u n i c a t i o n _________ ____
R a d io a n d t e le v is io n b r o a d c a s tin g .
E le c tr ic , g a s, a n d s a n ita r y se r v ic e s

3 ,9 6 6

3 ,9 7 1
7 8 8 .5
6 9 5 .0
2 5 8 .5
87. 0
1 1 1 .4
4 3 .4
9 1 8 .3
2 1 1 .4
1 9 0 .9
20. 5
3 0 6 .1
8 4 2 .5
7 0 1 .3
3 4 .0
1 0 2 .9
6 2 5 .6
2 5 1 .8
1 5 8 .3
1 7 5 .7
3 9 . 8|

3 ,9 5 4
788. 9
6 9 4 .7
2 6 8 .9
8 7 .7
1 1 1 .7
4 2 .7
9 1 2 .3
2 1 0 .7
1 8 9 .5
2 0 .4
302. 4
8 3 1 .5
6 9 1 .8
3 4 .1
1 0 1 .3
6 1 9 .1
2 4 9 .2
1 5 6 .9
1 7 3 .8
3 9 .2

3 ,8 9 7
7 7 9 .7
684. 5
2 7 4 .4
8 8 .1
1 1 2 .7
4 1 .6
8 7 7 .3
2 0 9 .4
1 8 7 .8
1 9 .9
305. 6
8 2 4 .4
6 8 5 .8
3 4 .7
9 9 .6
6 0 6 .7
2 4 3 .8
1 5 3 .5
1 7 1 .0
3 8 .4

3 ,8 5 9
7 6 8 .9
6 7 4 .4
2 7 3 .2
8 7 .3
1 1 3 .9
4 0 .5
8 6 8 .3
208. 4
1 8 6 .7
2 0 .0
2 9 4 .0
8 2 3 .7
684. 5
35. 0
9 9 .9
6 0 2 .8
2 4 0 .9
1 5 3 .1
1 7 0 .8
3 8 .0

3 ,8 4 7
761. 0
6 6 6 .9
275. 7
8 7 .8
116. 9
3 9 .7
8 5 8 .6
207. 8
1 8 6 .5
20. 0
2 9 7 .9
8 2 1 .2
6 8 3 .1
3 5 .0
9 8 .8
605. 2
2 4 4 .7
1 5 2 .9
1 7 0 .4
3 7 .2

3 ,8 4 4
7 5 7 .3
6 6 4 .4
276. 6
8 7 .8
117. 6
3 9 .9
8 5 6 .7
207. 3
1 8 6 .6
2 0 .0
3 0 2 .2
8 1 9 .2
6 8 1 .0
3 5 .3
9 8 .6
6 0 5 .0
2 4 4 .7
1 5 3 .0
1 7 0 .5
36. 8|

3 ,7 7 5
755. 4
6 6 3 .4
2 7 7 .4
8 8 .2
1 1 7 .0
41. 1
8 5 3 .8
207. 7
1 8 7 .0
20. 3
2 3 6 .0
8 1 9 .2
681. 6
35. 6
9 7 .7
6 0 5 .6
2 4 4 .7
153. 3
1 7 0 .9
3 6 .7

3 ,9 1 4
783 2
681. 6
276. 4
88. 4
116 3
40. 8
8 9 3 .0
205. 9
1 8 5 .4
20. 6
30 4 . 8
8 2 2 .9
6 8 4 .1
36. 3
98. 2
6 0 7 .4
244. 8
1 5 4 .0
1 7 1 .7
3 6 .9

3 ,9 1 2
778. 3
683. 1
273 9
88. 7
113 7
40. 9
9 0 6 .4
205 3
1 8 4 .6
20. 7
295 3
823. 8
685. 7
36. 4
97. 4
608. 4
2 4 4 .9
1 5 4 .6
1 7 2 .0
3 6 .9

3 ,9 3 5
788 9
692 8
273 7
8 9 .1
112 4
4 l’4
9 1 5 .2
206 9
1 8 5 .8
20. 9
294 2
825 4
686. 5
36 4
98 2

3 ,9 3 2

3 ,9 3 4
806 Q

3 ,9 0 3
797 1

3 ,9 0 3

256 8

271 1

89 1
1 09 5

90 5
113 2
41 4
8 7 9 .9
200 5
1 7 9 .5
21 3
297 1
824 7
687 7
37 0

Electric companies and systems______
Gas companies and systems__________
Combined utility systems_______ ____
Water, steam, and sanitary system s..
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

780 6
684 7

9.70 8
89 3
111 6
42 4
9 1 0 .0
205 4
1 8 4 .8
21 3
296 7
830 0
691 4
36 9

609 9

97 4
616. 9

245. 5
154 7
172. 6
3 7 .1

248. 6
156. 3
174. 8
3 7 .2

42 7
8 9 5 .9
1 7 4 .3
21 7
298 0
835 2
697 3
37 3
96 3

624 2
251 0
158. 3
176. 7
3 8 .2

95 8
611 1

246 5
155 1
172. 7
3 6 .7

98 5
40 Q

8 4 5 .1
195 7
175 ! 4
22 2
828 9
693 3
37 5
93 9

613
248
155
175

7
6
6
0

3 4 .5

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1224
T able A -2 .

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.

[in thousands]

A nnual
averag e

1962

1963
I n d u s tr y
A u g .2 J u l y 2
W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e _________________

W holesale t r a d e . ___________ ____ ____
M o to r vehicles a n d a u to m o tiv e
e q u ip m e n t. _____ ________________
D rugs* chem icals, a n d allied p ro d D ry goods and a p p a re l.
________
G roceries a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts ______
E le c tric a l g o o d s . __ ______________ .
H ard w are,“ p lu m b in g a n d h e a tin g
g o o d s ..
______________________
M a c h in e ry , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p ­
p li e s .. ___ _________ __________
R e ta il t r a d e ______ ____ ______________
G eneral m e rch an d ise s to re s _________
D e p a rtm e n t stores
. ______ ____
L im ite d p ric e v a rie ty sto res_______
F o o d stores
. . ______
G rocery, m e at, a n d veg e tab le sto res.
A p p arel a n d accessories sto res_______
M e n ’s a n d b o y s’ ap p a re l sto res____
W o m e n ' s r e a d y - t o - w e a r s t o r e s ______

F a m ily c lo th in g s to res__ ___ ___ _
Shoe stores ___________ _________
F u r n itu r e a n d ap p lian ce sto res___ _ _
E a tin g a n d d rin k in g places _______
O th e r re ta il tr a d e __________________
M o to r vehicle d ea lers.
. _______
O th e r vehicle a n d accessory d ealers _
D ru g s to res___
. ________ _____
F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ______

B a n k in g _________________ ___________
C re d it agencies o th e r th a n b a n k s . . . .
S avings a n d loan asso cia tio n s_______
P e rso n a l cre d it in s titu tio n s
... ...
S e c u rity dealers a n d exchanges________
In s u ra n c e ca rriers____ _ ________ ___
Life in su ran c e
______________
A ccid en t a n d h e a lth i n s u r a n c e . . ___
F ire , m a rin e, a n d c a su a lty in su ra n c e .
In s u ra n c e agents, b rokers, a n d services.
R e a l e sta te
___ _____ _____
O p erativ e b u ild e rs
___________ ___
O th e r finance, in su ran c e, a n d real
_ ___________ ____
esta te
H o tels a n d lo dging p la ces.
. . .
H otels, to u ris t courts, a n d m o t e ls .. .
P erso n al services:
L a u n d ries, cleaning a n d dyeing
p la n ts
_ _
_ .
_
.
M iscellaneous b u sin ess services:
A d v ertisin g _
. . . . _
M o tio n p ic tu re s . . . . .
.
...
M o tio n p ic tu re film in g a n d d is trib ­
u tin g
M o tio n p ic tu re th e a te rs a n d services
M ed ic al services:
H o s p it a ls
G o v e r n m e n t _____

______ ________________

F ed eral G o v e rn m e n t8.

_

_______ __

E x e c u t iv e

D e p a rtm e n t of D e fe n se .
P o s t Office D e p a r tm e n t___
O th e r a g e n ciesl___ . . . .

.........
. .

T le g is la tiv e
J u d i c ia l

S ta te a n d local g o v ern m en t L _______
S ta te g o v e rn m e n t_________
__
S ta te e d u c a tio n .. . . .
. . . .
.
O th e r S ta te g o v e rn m e n t.
. _
L ocal g o v e rn m e n t.
. . . ___
T.ocal ed u c atio n
O th e r local g o v e rn m e n t___________

M ay

A p r.

F eb .

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

O ct.

S ep t.

A ug.

1962

1961

237.7

236.7

234.1

232.6

232.0

231.2

229.8

231.7

230.9

231.2

231.8

231.8

228.2

218.6

190.8
134.6
508.7
230.6

190.2
134.1
497.1
228.6

188.5
131.9
475.6
227.4

189.1
131.7
472.4
226.4

189.2
131.9
476.9
224.6

188.8
131. 5
474.4
224.4

188.5
132.2
477.9
223.9

190.5
132.7
489.0
223.0

190.5
132.6
488.6
222.2

189.8
133.2
493.1
221.4

188.5
132.7
495.5
220.1

188.8
133.5
496.0
221.2

187.0
131.5
487.1
218.1

181.5
129.4
485.6
211.0

145.8

144.1

144.1

142.9

142.3

142.1

143.0

143.3

144.0

144.0

144.3

142.3

140.4

147.7
544.6
8,667 8,662
1,580. 0
921.7
306.4
1,402. 6
1,231. 5
584.7
97.4
217.2
89.7
118.9
390.7
1,810. 5
2,893. 3
679.5
169.0
378.9
2,923 2,919
749.1
295.8
89.4
155.5
125.6
874.6
466.0
52.5
314.0
222.1
574.2
59.0

538.9 533.5 532.1 528.3 525.8 521.7 621.4 518.7
8,716 8,635 8,665 8,428 8,368 8,462 9,302 8,756
1,605. 4 1, 590. 2 1,617.5 1,537. 2 1, 514. 5 1, 588. 6 2,112. 3 1,757. 5
940.0 932.0 949.4 903.3 889.5 943.9 1,282. 0 1,046. 2
311.2 312. 0 328.1 307.5 300.2 311.2 414.2 346.5
1,402. 8 1, 395. 2 1.401.3 1,393.1 1, 396. 6 1,385.1 1,415.2 1, 393.9
1, 230. 5 1,222. 7 1,221. 7 1.222. 5 1, 221. 2 1,215. 8 1,236.4 1, 222. 7
610.7 608.5 665.7 586.5 576.9 602.8 731.4 636. 2
97.7 104.4 130.3 104.4
95.6
97.5 100.7
101.8
228. 2 229.3 238.6 221.9 215.4 223.3 269.6 238.3
98.9
88.9
94.3 121.0
91.2
92.9
88.5
90.0
122.6 124.1 156.4 115.2 111.7 114. 6 132.9 120.1
389.7 387.2 387.5 388.9 386.8 390.2 405.4 393.7
1, 817. 9 1, 789. 2 1, 743. 9 1,713. 7 1,698. 7 1,693. 4 1, 736. 5 1, 742.4
2, 889. 6 2,864. 2 2,849. 2 2,808. 5 2,794. 7 2, 801. 5 2,901.1 2,831.9
676.8 671.8 669.6 666.8 665.9 662.5 657.7 654.4
167.9 163.4 161.7 155.6 153.8 155.9 164.5 159.9
377.0 377.4 378.1 376.8 373.6 377.0 396.1 380.5
2,885 2,858 2,842 2,825 2,813 2,806 2,811 2,813
739.3 730.8 730.6 729.2 727.3 723.1 723.8 721.4
291.6 289.3 288.0 286.3 285. 6 284.9 284.3 282.3
84.4
84.3
83.1
82.7
84.1
85.4
85.1
87.0
154.9 154.4 153.8 153.3 153.1 152.0 152.7 151.2
124.3 123. 5 123.0 123.6 122.9 122.0 123.1 123.8
865.3 861.6 860.0 861.3 859.3 855.7 856.5 856.0
461.2 460.0 459.0 460.1 458.9 457.2 456.2 455.9
51.4
51.3
51.4
51.1
51.4
51.3
51.9
51.4
310.8 309.3 308.8 309.0 308.3 306.8 308.3 308.1
214.7
215.0
217.4
216.1
216.1
215.0
219.2
216.6
569.2 559.5 548.2 533.3 526.9 529.9 532.4 538.7
48.1
50.0
46.5
46.8
55.2
53.0
49.8
57.3

518.2 520.9 519.4 511.8 486.4
8,595 8,549 8,481 8,521 8,344
1,645.1 1,611.0 1, 566.1 1,627.0 1,578.1
965.8 939.8 913.7 959. 6 924.6
328.9 326.5 311.5 325.3 323.4
1,380. 5 1.365.1 1,361.1 1,371. 4 1, 354. 6
1,212.8 1,199. 8 1,197. 8 1,202.9 1,183.1
618.9 610.0 581.2 617.2 611.8
97.3
94.9 100. 5
98.9
97.0
231.6 225.9 216.6 229.3 228.5
94.6
94 1
89.2
96.1
95.8
120.7 122.7 116.0 120.9 118.3
389.5 388.6 385.3 389.5 389.0
1,752. 6 1,766. 6 1,779. 8 1,722.8 1,664.8
2,807. 9 2,807. 7 2,807. 2 2,792. 5 2,745. 2
650.2 646.7 647.5 642.0 628.8
154.4 154.8 155.6 152.7 146.6
378.1 375.5 375.7 374.3 368.7
2,814 2,821 2,849 2,798 2,731
720.4 720.2 729.3 714.0 693.5
280.6 281.4 283.9 279.4 270.9
75.3
81.9
82.3
81.0
82.3
150.1 151.6 153.1 150.8 151.1
125.6 128.3 133.8 131.8 128.5
854.4 855.6 860.7 851.4 843.7
455.1 455.4 456.7 454.1 455.6
51.4
51.7
51.1
50.1
51.3
307.4 308.2 310.8 305.7 298.5
213.2 213.1 215.9 211.9 203.9
542.8 544.3 547.1 532.9 514.3
51.2
48.1
42.8
51.9
52.0

77.6
8,473
758.7
654.4

76.4
8,423
692.7
633.8

76.1
8,294
626.0
575.7

75.4
8,199
6Ó0.2
554.7

75.4
8,076
586.5
545.1

75.1
7,997
581.4
540.7

75.6
7,956
575.3
534.8

76.1
8,014
575.5
532.2

76.4
8,047
582.7
538.7

77.0
8,084
594.3
547.3

77.6
8,075
617.8
560.8

78.2
8,097
701.8
595.6

76.9
7,949
596.5
539.9

76.2
7,610
577.3
521.2

517.6

519.9

513.6

511.1

501.7

498.9

504.5

506.3

510.1

515.4

515.9

516.7

516.2

517.2

109.2
180.8

107.6
177.6

108.1
171.2

107.7
170.2

108.0
162.4

107.3
160.1

108.1
162.6

108.6
166.0

108.6
169.3

107.9
175.2

107.7
182.4

108.4
185.7

107.9
176.3

107.2
186.5

36.3
144.5

34.3
143.3

33.0
138.2

32.9
137.3

35.0
127.4

35.8
124.3

37.7
124.9

38.8
127.2

38.5
130.8

38.4
136.8

39.5
142.9

38.9
146.8

39.4
136.9

46.8
139.7

1,313.0 1,302. 9 1,290. 7 1,289.0 1,287.1 1,280.4 1,268.5
9,174 9,186 9,506 9,546 9,542 9,541 9,516 9,444
2,373 2,375 2,365 2,340 2,344 2,334 2,332 2,327
2,344.5 2,334. 4 2,311.0 2.314.7 2,304.3 2,302.3 2,297.5
953.9 951.5 949.9 951.9 951.8 957.0 959.1
588.7 585.7 582.8 583.3 582.2 580.6 582.5
801.9 797.2 778.3 779.5 770.3 764.7 755.9
23.6
24.6
24.4
23.8
23.8
23.7
23.8
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.7
6,801 6, 811 7,141 7,206 7,198 7,207 7,184 7,117
1,756. 5 1,790. 7 1,808. 7 1, 805. 0 1, 803. 6 1,800. 0 1, 786.8
532.9 588.0 634.8 631.9 636. 5 627.6 619.2
1,223. 6 1,202. 7 1,173.9 1,173.1 1,167.1 1,172. 4 1,167.6
5,054.3 5, 349.9 5.397.3 5,393.2 5,403.2 5,383. 6 5,330.2
2.613.1 2,961.7 3.076.3 3,087. 4 3,110.2 3,095. 5 3,050.0
2.441.2 2,388.2 2,321.0 2,305. 8 2,293.0 2,288.1 2,280.2
—

1 Beginning with the October 1963 issue, figures differ from those previously
published. The industry series have been adjusted to March 1962 bench­
marks (comprehensive counts of employment). For comparable back data,
see E m p lo y m en t and E arnings Statistics fo r the U nited States, 1909-62, (BLS
Bulletin 1312-1). Statistics from April 1962 forward are subject to further
revision when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based upon establishment reports which cover all fulland part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked
during, or received pay for any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th
of the month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than 1 establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are ex­
cluded.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

M a r.

11,858 11,828 11,848 11,720 11,740 11,497 11,433 11,535 12,420 11,856 11,704 11,656 11,592 11,582 11,337
3,191 3,166 3,132 3,085 3,075 3,069 3,065 3.073 3,118 3,100 3,109 3,107 3,111 3,061 2,993

8,463

S e r v ic e s a n d m is c e lla n e o u s .

Ju n e

1,265. 3 1,266.2
9,613 9,476
2,492 2,348
2,462.4 2,318.8
961.9 965.1
742.7 587.8
757.8 765.9
23.9
23.7
5.6
5.6
7,121 7,128
1,784.2 1, 786.2
619.7 625.1
1,164.5 1,161.1
5,336. 3 5,342.0
3,054. 8 3,051.9
2,281. 5 2,290.1

1,260.4 1,256.2 1,255. 6 1,246.7 1,188.9
9,412 9,247 8,866 9,188 8,828
2,333 2,336 2,365 2,340 2.279
2, 303. 7 2,306.4 2,335. 5 2, 310. 6 2,250.9
963.9 962.6 972.9 963.3 943.7
583.9 587.1 589.2 597.2 596.7
755.9 756.7 773.4 750.2 710.5
23.2
23.9
24.1
23.7
24.0
5 .5
5.1
5.6
5 .5
5 .5
7,079 6, 911 6, 501 6,849 6,548
1,779.9 1, 725.2 1, 670.7 1, 726.4 1,663. 6
615.1 543.5 475.5 567.7 530.8
1,164.8 1,181.7 1,195.2 1,158. 8 1,132.8
5,299.0 5,186.1 4, 830.3 5,122.1 4,884.5
3,013.9 2,867. 4 2,462. 9 2,832.3 2,644.2
2,285.1 2,318. 7 2,367. 4 2,289.8 2,240.3

2Preliminary.
2 Data relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for,
the last day of the month.
4 State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except those for the Federal Government, which is prepared by the
U.S. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission.

A —EMPLOYMENT

1225

T able A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by in d u stry 1
[in thousands]

R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

1963

1962

Annual
average

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

"Mining
Metal mining_______________________
Iron ores_________________________
Copper ores— ___________________

504
70.2
23.8
22.4

512
69.8
23.1
22.7

506
68.9
22.6
22.9

496
67.3
20.5
23.4

481
64.5
19.2
22.9

482
64.9
19.0
22.9

485
63.2
17. 6
22.9

498
62. 4
18. 4
23.0

508
63. 2
19.1
22. 8

514
63 3
19.9
22. 6

518
63 9
20. 4
22. 6

524
67 1
22. 0
23. 5

514
fi7 9
21 3
23 4

532
71 7
22 3
23 8

Coal m ining________________________
Bituminous__________ ___________

110.3
100.1

122.3
112.7

124.0
114.3

125.8
116.1

124.7
114.9

129.8
119. 7

130.6
120.5

130.3
120. 0

132.1
121. 6

133 5
123.1

131 7
121 8

131 2
121 2

133 4
123 0

141 8
1M 3

Crude petroleum and natural gas______
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields.
Oil and gas field services____________

216.0
98.6
117.4

214.5
98.1
116.4

210.4
95.8
114. 6

205.2
95.9
109.3

204. 5 203.8
96.1
96.6
108.4 107.2

205.1
96.7
108.4

211.5
96.9
114.6

210.5
97.4
113.1

212 5
97.8
114. 7

216 5
99.9
116. 6

217 7
101.8
115 9

214 0
99.7
114,3

21R 8
104.5
114 3

107.6

105.8

102.7

97.7

86.4

93.4

102. 0

104. 6

106.2

107. 7

98 6

99 5

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining_____

87.3

83.5

2,902 2,777 2,600 2,398 2,114 2,029 2,142 2,331 2,611 2,746 2,788 2,837 2 468 2 290
896.3 855.3 787.7 735.4 641.5 6Í3.9 653.3 710. 0 789.1 817.3 832.5 858. 4 754 9 752 6
641.3 613.1 558.6 474.0 376.1 346. 2 372. 8 434 6 542 7 fill 1 fi29 5 fi45 2 515 3 505 7
359.9 345. 4 309.8 243.5 173.4 151.9 167.8 208.9 286. 6 335. 7 350l 4 360 4 267 7 2fil 2
281. 4 267.7 248.8 230.5 202.7 194.3 205. 0 225. 7 256.1 275. 4 279.1 284. 8 247 fi 244 5
1,364. 8 1,308. 6 1,253. 5 1,188. 5 1, 096. 7 1,069. 3 1,115.8 1,186. 2 1,279. 4 1,317.3 1,325. 5 1,333. 7 1,197. 5 1,131.3

Contract construction _ ______ . . .
General building contractors__________
TTflavy r.nnstruct ion _ __
_
_
Highway and street construction_____
Other heavy construction________ __
Special trade contractors............................ —

_ _ ---------.
12,679 12,579 12,652 12,526 12.426 12,344 12,276 12,286 12,459 12,613 12,753 12,840 12,624 12,494 12,085
Durable goods___________________ 6, 975 7,061 7,138 7,083 7,010 6,919 6, 884 6,896 6,962 7, 026 7, 059 7,064 6,883 6,946 6,620
Nondurable goods.-------- -------------- 5, 704 5,518 5, 514 5,443 5,416 5, 425 5,392 5,390 5,497 5,587 5,694 5, 776 5,741 5, 548 5,464

M a n u fa c tu r in g

D u ra b le goods

40.0

118.6
68.1
10.6
39.9

118.4
67.0
11.4
40.0

118.1
66.4
11.8
39.9

117.5
65.7
12.4
39.4

119.8
67.3
12.8
39.7

120.3
67.8
13.0
39.5

121.4
68.0
13.4
40.0

122.7
69.1
13.3
40.3

123.3
69.3
13.6
40.4

122.4
68.9
13.5
40.0

122.9
69.4
13. 5
40.0

124.0
70.9
13.3
39.8

119.7
68.2
13 5
38.0

106.8
58.9
14. 8
33.1

550.0
85.0
242.0

525.7
77.2
235.2

522.9
73.3
233.4

532.9
77.3
235.3

511.0
68.9
227.0

500.5
66.5
223.3

496.0
67.9
220.3

500.9
69.9
222.5

511.6
73.7
224.8

528.6
79.9
231.9

539.6
82.9
236.2

548.5
86.4
239.7

557.4
89.8
242.0

526.2
78.2
233.0

518.4
78.7
233.5

133.4
32.6
57.0

125.0
33.3
55.0

126.7
33.4
56.1

132.0
32.8
55.5

128.7
31.9
54.5

125.3
31.1
54.3

124.0
30.8
53.0

124.9
30.9
52.7

127.9
31.9
53.3

130.9
32.2
53.7

133.1
33.1
54.3

134.7
32.9
54.8

136.8
33.7
55.1

128.6
33.0
53.5

120.9
34.7
50.7

Furniture and fixtures...............................
Household furniture______ _________
Office furniture___ _____ _________
Partitions; office and store fixtures____
Other furniture and fixtures_________

327.8
243.8

320.5
238.2
20.4
30.4
31.5

322.5
240.0
21.3
29.3
31.9

317.3
237.4
20.9
28.4
30.6

317.8
238.7
21.2
28.0
29.9

317.7
238.0
21.4
28. 7
29.6

316.7
236.4
21.5
29. 0
29.8

319.0
236.1
22.7
29.8
30.4

322.7
239.2
23.2
29.4
30.9

326.2
241.2
23. 4
30.1
31. 5

327.7
242.5
21.4
32.2
31.6

326.7
240.9
21.2
32.4
32.2

326.4
238.6
23.2
32.1
32.5

319.7
235.7
22.3
30 5
31.3

303.9
223.5
21. 0
28.2
31.2

Stone, clay, and glass products________
Flat glass_________________ ______
Glassand glassware, pressed or blow n...
Cement, hydraulic_________________
Structural clay p ro d u cts......................
Pottery and related products______ . .
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products_______________ ____________
Other stone and mineral products____

515.4
100.3
34.4
61.2

511.5
24.4
100.4
34.3
60.9
37.0

508.1
24. 5
100.1
34.0
60.7
36.9

496.7
24.3
98.0
32.7
59.6
37.1

482.4
24.2
96.9
31.8
57.4
37.2

457.7
23.6
95.0
28.4
54.1
36.4

447.2
23.9
93.6
27.5
53.0
36.0

451.8
24.2
91.8
29.1
54.0
36.2

466.7
25.2
92.6
30.7
56.9
36. 4

486.0
26.0
93.6
33.1
59.0
37.4

495.9
25. 6
94.8
33.6
59.6
38.3

500.2
25. 4
95.6
34.1
60.7
37.8

501.8
25.1
95.2
34.5
61.3
37.3

479.1
25. 2
93.2
32.1
58.3
37.2

469.4
25. 5
89.5
32.3
60.2
36.4

149.3
91.4

147.8
90.8

145.6
90.5

139.8
89.3

131.1
88.0

118.2
86.1

112.4
85.2

114.7
85.9

121.6
87.3

131.9
88.7

137.8
89.8

140.4
90.3

142.3
90.6

128.9
88.8

124.7
86.8

Primary metal industries________ _____
Blast furnace and basic steel products...
Iron and steel foundries_____________
Nonferrous smelting and refining_____
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extrading________ ______ __________
Nonferrous foundries—___
_______
Miscellaneous primary metal industries.................... ................. ................

954.2
487.4
168.0
54.9

972.5
507.5
168.5
54.4

984.4
513.0
170.4
54.0

969.6
503.1
168.6
52.8

952.6
488.7
167.4
52.2

929.2
468.6
165.2
51.4

914.1
454.5
164.5
51.1

899.8
439.8
163.7
51.5

899.3
438.2
163.7
52.5

893.3
433.5
163.0
52.8

896.7
436.7
163.6
53.4

909.5
447.6
164.5
53.4

904.3
446.1
161.9
52.6

935.8
475.5
163.7
52.6

914.6
478.4
156.6
51.0

139.6
59.1

138.4
58.7

141.8
59.3

140.0
59.2

138.8
59.3

138.3
59.4

138.0
59.5

138.3
59.7

138.3
59.9

138.5
58.9

139.0
58. 7

139.5
58.7

138.4
58.5

139.1
58.1

132.5
62.3

45.2

45.0

45.9

45.9

46.2

46.3

46.5

46.8

46.7

46.6

45.3

45.8

46.8

46.7

43.7

Fabricated metal products........................
Metal cans____________ _____ _____
Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware___________________________
Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures----------------------------------------Fabricated structural metal products.. .
Screw machine products, bolts, etc___
M etal stampings______ ____________
Coating, engraving, and allied services..
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.

888.5
57.0

879.1
54.8

893.9
54.4

880.0
52.8

867.6
51.8

855.4
49.8

853.6
48.5

857.2
47.7

868.7
47.1

874.1
47.3

880.1
50.2

881.2
54.5

860.0
54.6

863.8
51.2

826.0
51.1

100.9

101.2

106.4

105.6

105.9

105.9

106.5

107.0

108.4

108. 6

107.5

106.0

102.5

106.2

99.8

59.9
251.2
70.1
150.1
58.6
45.9
94.8

58.3
247.8
68.7
151.0
57.6
45.3
94.4

57.9
245.9
70.1
159.4
58.3
46.3
95.2

56.8
239.0
69.8
158.9
57.6
45.8
93.7

55.9
230.7
69.7
157.4
56.9
45.5
93.8

55.8
224.1
70.1
155.7
55.3
45.4
93.3

55.7
223.1
70.2
155.9
55.4
45.0
93.3

54.6
226.0
69.9
158.9

55.4
231.1
69.9
160.8
56.7
46.0
93.3

56.3
234.0
69.7
160.0
59.0
46.4
92.8

57.3
239.5
69.6
159.7
58.6
46.6
91.1

67.0
243.0
69.1
156.8
57.9
45.7
91.2

57.0
241.6
68.9
143.7
56.1
44.5
91.1

55.6
234.7
69.4
153.8
56.1
45.1
91.8

54.0
235.6
64.1
142.0
51.8
41.9
85. 7

Ordnance and accessories ....................—
Ammunition, except for small arms___
Sighting and fire control equipment__
Other ordnance and accessories_______
Lumber and wood products, except t o niture___________ _____ _________
Logging camps and logging contractors.
Sawmills and planing mills__________
Millwork, plywood, and related products........ ........ ......................................
Wooden containers_____ _________
Miscellaneous wood products________

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

119.4
68.7

32.0

5 5 .5

45.1
92.5

1226

M O N TH LY LA B O R R E V IE W , O CTO BER 1963

T able A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[in thousands]

R ev ised S e r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

1962

1963

Annual
average

Industry
Aug.3 July 2 June
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods —Continued
Machinery........................................................
Engines and turbines......... .....................
Farm machinery and equipment......... .
Construction and related m achinery.. .
Metalworking machinery and equip­
m ent______ ____ _____ _______ _____
Special industry machinery....................
General industrial machinery------ -----Office, computing and accounting ma­
c h in e s.---------------------------------------Service industry machines.......................
Miscellaneous machinery-------------------

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

1,038.3 1,042.1 1, 054. 8 1, 052.1 1, 055.5 1, 050.8 1,046.1 1,043.2 1,039.8 1, 039.0 1,040.0 1,041.7 1,035. 7 1,036.0
56.1 55.6 55.4 55.4 56.7 56.7 56.9 57.5 56.2 55.7 56.0 55.7 56.1 55.7
84.5 86.7 89.6 91.9 91.9 90.4 86.4 82.6 79.7 80.3 80.9 79.6 80. 5
143.9 142.6 144.1 141.6 141.0 140.2 139.4 139.6 139.7 139.5 138.9 142.3 143.0 139.6
198.4 199.3 202.4 201.3 201.4 199.5 199.2 197.9 197.9 196.8 195.2 193.5 191.1 195.4
114.4 114.5 115.6 115.3 116.0 115.4 114.9 115. 5 116.9 116.8 117.8 117.4 117.5 116.8
153.6 153.3 153.8 152.8 153.2 153.3 153.1 154.3 152.5 155.1 155.8 155.7 155.5 153.8
90.3 89.1 89.8 90.3 92.1 93.0 93.5 94.9 95.7 96.2 96.4 97.3 97.3 97.4
66.3 67.9 70.7 71.3 69.8 68.0 67.3 66.2 66.5 66.9 67.5 68.1 67.4 69.0
136.3 135.3 136.3 134.5 133.4 132.8 131.4 130.9 131.8 132.3 132.1 130.8 128.2 128.0

976.7
50.3
76.2
129.9

1, 046.3 1,040.0 1, 056.9 1, 048.8 1, 047. 7 1, 049.9 1, 057.7 1,069.1 1,080.0 1, 086. 5 1,087.7 1, 084. 5 1,066.4 1,060.3
111.2 111.0 111.4 110.8 110.9 110.4 111.1 112.3 113.3 113.9 113.6 113.5 113.1 111.3
127.9 127.9 128.5 127.8 127.3 126.5 127.1 127.3 128.0 128.3 127.6 127.9 126.4 126.7
117.8 116.4 119.1 117.8 116.5 113.9 114.5 114.9 115.6 115.6 116.5 116.0 112.6 114.8
117.3 114.3 115.0 113.4 114.4 114.4 114.3 114.0 114.7 115.0 115.4 115.1 111.7 111.6
91.0 86.0 84.8 78.7 75.2 76.4 77.6 79.9 83.7 87.8 90.0 89.4 87.0 82.8
212.4 214.2 218.8 221.9 226.2 230.3 233.5 236.6 237.8 237.3 236.3 234.6 232.1 230.4
190.9 188.7 194.9 194.3 193.8 194.6 194.9 197.9 200.4 201.8 202.2 202.9 201.6 198.8
77.8 81.5 84.4 84.1 83.4 83.4 84.7 86.2 86.5 86.8 86.1 85.1 81.9 84.0
969.7 1,102.8 1,121.1 1,120.7 1,118.0 1,104.4 1,104.8 1,112.5 1,111.7 1,104.5 1,096.0 1,080.0 946.9 1,060.7
Transportation equipment..........................
Motor vehicles and equipment............... 431.3 565.8 581.2 580.5 574.6 563.6 567.2 576.4 579.3 573.3 565.4 551.0 418.1 534.1
Aircraft and parts...................................... 352.1 351.9 352.1 350.3 353.3 352.8 354.7 358.8 358.3 356.2 351.8 350.0 348.7 350.6
Ship and boat building and repairing.. 120.1 119.4 121.0 126.3 127.1 127.5 124.0 122.8 119.5 118.8 120.5 119.2 119.2 118.6
33.4 33.8 31.6 32.3 31.7 30.9 29.3 28.8 28.9 30.0 31.4 31.9 29.9
Railroad equipm ent-................................
32.3 33.0 32.0 30.7 28.8 28.0 25.2 25.8 27.3 28.3 28.4 29.0 27.6
Other transportation equipment--------Instruments and related products---------- 240.4 236.7 238.8 234.8 234.5 233.1 232.4 232.3 233.3 233.6 233.7 232.7 232.1 230.4
38.5 39.2 38.8 38.9 39.4 39.3 40.1 40.3 40.3 40.2 39.9 39.4 39.3
Engineering and scientific instruments.
Mechanical measuring and control de­
64.6 63.7 64.0 63.3 63.7 63.7 63.7 63.3 63.0 62.8 62.5 62.2 62.2 62.1
vices_____________________________
30.2 29.4 29.8 29.5 29.6 29.5 29.5 29.1 29.3 29.2 29.7 29.3 29.5 29.6
Optical and ophthalmic goods................
Surgical, medical, and dental equip­
37.4 36.7 37.6 37.4 37.2 36.8 36.6 36.1 35.8 35.9 35.7 35.8 35.6 34.9
m ent_____________________________
43.7 43.7 42.3 41.8 41. 2 41.1 41.3 42. 2 42.2 42.3 42.2 42.4 41.6
Photographic equipment and supplies..
24.7 24.5 23.5 23.3 22.5 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.0 22.9
Watches and clocks_________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 325.4 311.1 316.3 312.0 304.9 300.3 294.6 288.6 305.5 331.0 339.5 335.6 328.3 314.6
31.0 29.4 32.0 31.9 32.3 31.9 32.4 32.3 33.1 34.1 34.0 33.6 32.7 32.9
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
88.6 88.2 87.1 80.1 75.5 70.1 65.4 75.0 94. 7 100.9 97.6 95. 2 85. 5
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods. _
23.6 24.3 24.1 23.8 23.6 22.9 22. 8 23. 7 24.3 24. 6 24.3 23.9 23. 2
Pens, pencils, office and art m aterials..
46.4 48.2 46.4 45.6 46.3 46.6 46.1 48.3 50.3 49.9 49.8 49.0 48.0
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
126.4 123.1 123.6 122.5 123.1 123.0 122.6 122.0 125.4 127.6 130.1 130.3 127.5 125.0
Other manufacturing industries______

980.5
106.7
119.1
112.9
105.1
75.4
209.0
176.7

Electrical equipment and supplies--------Electric distribution equipment.............
Electrical industrial apparatus----------Household appliances— ...........................
Electric lighting and wiring equip­
m ent___ _________________________
Radio and TV receiving sets..............—
Communication equipment............. .......
Electronic components and accessories Miscellaneous electrical equipment and
supplies..........................- ..........................

182.9
111.9
146.6
96.3
64,7
117.9

75.7
997.1
479.7
351.5
117.6
24.0
24.3
223.1
40.7
58.7
29.1
33.4
40.2
20.9
303.5
33.2
81.6
22.1
46.8
119.8

N o n d u r a b le goods

Food and kindred products........................ .
Meat products______________________
Dairy products.____________________
Canned and preserved food, except
meats____________________________
Grain mill products__________________
Bakery products.........................................
Sugar.............................................................
Confectionery and related products___
Beverages__________________________
Miscellaneous food and kindred prod­
ucts.............................................................
Tobacco manufactures..................................
Cigarettes_______ _______ ___________
Cigars............................................................
Textile mill products__________________
Cotton broad woven fabrics....................
Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics.
Weaving and finishing broad woolens. _
Narrow fabrics and smallwares_______
Knitting____________________ _______
Finishing textiles, except wool and knit.
Floor covering______________________
Yarn and thread____________________
Miscellaneous textile goods......................

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1, 262.1 1,187. 5 1,145.8 1,097.7 1,080. 5 1,080. 9 1,072.0 1,093. 5 1,143. 4 1,182.4 1,258. 7 1,321. 6 1, 297.4 1,175. 5 1,191. 4
249.6 250.3 247.5 243.0 240.3 239.0 241.3 244.6 253.0 257.0 257.4 253.8 255.9 251.6 256.8
153.5 155.1 153.6 147.3 145.4 143.0 142.0 142.4 144.5 145.9 148.2 152.9 158.7 152.2 161.4
224. 5 189.4 165.6 159.8 159.8 152.9 158.8 172.7 196.9 266.2 341.5 322.4 214.9 211.7
96.4 95.8 94.2 91.9 88.9 89.6 89.1 89.8 90.2 89.6 93.4 95.0 95.3 91.5 91.4
173.2 172.2 170.9 167.3 165.9 167.2 165.9 166.5 169.4 171.5 172.2 170.9 170.3 168.4 169.1
23.8 24.0 24.0 22.5 22.5 23.9 30.4 41.3 43.0 40.3 27.3 25.4 29.4 30.3
61.9 54.5 57.4 55.7 56.1 59.7 60.1 61.1 65.0 68.1 66.5 64.4 58.8 60.1 60.4
118.3 119.0 116.5 111.2 109.1 107.1 102.6 105.9 110.2 111.6 114.8 118.4 115.2 111.7 113.9
94.0
91.4
804.1
216.7
76.8
43.0
23.8
197.4
64.8
97.0
53.7

92.3 92.3 91.7 92.5 93.0 94.2 94.0 97.1 98.8 99.7
63.2 63.8 64.8 66.9 68.8 74.1 77.2 82.7 84.6 98.9
31.6 31.5 31.0 31.2 31.2 31.0 31. 3 31. 4 31.1 31.1
20. 4 21.2 21.2 21.4 21. 6 21. 6 21. 5 22.3 22.3 21. 9
791.0 802.5 796.0 795.3 793.6 790.1 790.1 801.6 810.4 814.9
215.2 215.8 215.4 215.6 216.3 216.4 218.1 219.8 220.4 220.5
74.1 75.4 74.5 74.0 73.8 73.9 74.3 74.8 74.5 74.0
43.7 44.5 44.4 44.7 45.0 44.9 43.2 43.4 44.2 45.3
22.9 23.8 23.6 23.5 23.4 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.4 24.2
194.0 196.7 194.0 192.2 191.0 187.6 185.7 190.9 197.9 201.9
62.8 63.6 63.2 63.6 63.4 63.3 63.4 64.3 64.3 64.3
30.6 30. 6 30. 7 31. 4 31.3 31. 7 32.0 32. 5 32. 7 32. 2
93.9 96.6 95.2 94.9 94.4 94.4 94. 2 95.6 95.6 96.1
53.8 55.5 55.0 55.4 55.0 54.5 55.6 56.1 56.4 56.4

97.4 95.4 95.8 96.5
105.0 90.6 79.1 79.6
32.0 32.0 31.4 32.4
22.0 21. 8 22. 2 23.6
817.3 819.4 812.4 805.0
221.5 222.7 223.4 227.7
74.7 74.6 73.9 74.7
46.1 46.7 45.9 45.8
24.3 24.1 24.2 23.2
202.6 204.8 198.1 193.8
64.0 63.9 64.3 63.1
31. 6 30.3 31. 2 30.0
96.0 96.8 95.6 91.9
56.5 55.5 55.9 54.8

A.—EMPLOYMENT

1227

T able A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

[Inthousands]

1963

1962

Annual
average

Industry
Aug.2 July2 June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Manufacturing—Continued
N o n d u r a b le goods —Continued
Apparel and related products________ 1,174.1 1,133.3 1,139.6 1,141. 7 1,135.3 1,157. 1,141.2 1,109. 0 1,125. 5 1,141.4 1,146.2 1,153.9 1,156.3 1,125.4 1, 079.6
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats_____ 104.2 101.9 106.2 105.4 103.9 105.1 105.4 105.6 105.8 105.3 105. £ 107.1 107.0 104.9 102.4
Men’s and boys’ furnishings----------- 305.4 299.5 303.3 300.2 297.3 294.1 292.6 290.1 293.5 296.7 297.4 298.9 299.0 289.6 268.4
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear_____________________ _ 359.2 343.1 336.8 346.1 349.0 364.2 356.0 335.0 337.3 339.6 337.4 346.1 353.7 342.2 331.8
Women’s and children’s undergarments------------------------------- 107.3 100.7 102.5 102.5 102.8 102.8 102.1 101.1 104.2 106.3 106.9 105.3 104.4 103.1 101.5
Hats, caps, and millinery-,. _______
28.5 27. C 26.0 27.3 31.9 31.3 29.2 27.5 26.3 28.9 29.3 29.8 29.2 29.0
Girls’ and children’s outerwear_____
72.0 72.1 73.6 71.1 66.9 72.6 72.4 69.3 68.6 70.3 70.8 70.6 72.0 70.2 68.0
62.4 62.9 61.4 61.2 62.1 60.3 58.3 64.0 67.9 68.9 67.5 66.4 63.9 61.9
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel. .
Miscellaneous fabricated textile prod131.8 125.1 127.3 129.0 126.9 124.4 121.1 120.4 124.6 129.0 130.0 129.1 124.0 122.4 116.7
ucts_____________ ______ _
Paper and allied products----------------- 499.0 487.6 491.5 484.3 483.0 482.3 479.6 482.7 487.7 488.8 492.0 493.7 492.3 486.0 478.0
Paper and pulp_________________ 178.2 174.7 175.6 172.1 171.3 170.5 170.8 172.4 173.8 174.5 175.6 176.7 178.5 175.2 177.6
54.1 54.4 54.3 54.1 53.1 53.7 53.6 54.0 54.0 53.8 53.9 53.4 52.3 52.9 53.6
Paperboard________________ ___
Converted paper and paperboard products------------------- --------------- 113.4 109.5 110.1 109.2 109.9 109.7 108.2 108.2 109.0 108.8 110.0 109.9 109.6 108.5 104.3
Paperboard containers and boxes_____

Printing, publishing and allied industries______________________________
Newspaper publishing and printing___
Periodical publishing and printing— .
Books______________________________
Commercial printing-------- ------ --------Bookbinding and related industries___
Other publishing and printing industries____________________________

153.3

149.0

151.5

148.9

148.7

148.4

147.0

148.1

150.9

151.7

152.5

153.7

151.9

149.4

142.6

593.0
162.8

589.2
163.5
26.5
44.2
232.2
41.8

592.4
163.9
27.0
45.2
233.2
41.5

589.8
163.1
27.9
45.0
232.5
40.8

588.4
161.7
28.6
44.7
232.2
40.4

579.3
151.9
28.9
44.3
233.7
39.9

575.5
150.9
28. 8
44.2
231.6
39.3

578.1
151.2
28. 8
44.2
233.7
39.7

586.3
154.1
28. 8
44.1
237.3
40.0

602.3
169.5
29. 0
44. 5
236.4
40.1

603.3
168.8
28.9
45.0
236.4
40.2

600.3
168.1
28. 7
45.0
234.9
40.8

593.7
167.7
27. 5
44.4
231.6
41.0

594.0
166.5
28. 5
44.3
233.8
39.6

591.7
168.2
29. 5
43.1
232.2
38.5

232.3
42.8
81.7

81.0

81.6

80.5

80.8

80.6

80.7

80.5

82.0

82.8

84.0

82.8

81.5

81.4

80.3

Chemicals and allied products_________
Industrial chemicals_________________
Plastics and synthetics, except glass___
Drugs----------------------- . ----------------Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods_______
Paints, varnishes, and allied products..
Agricultural chemicals...... ........................
Other chemical products_____________

524.7
164.6
114.2
63.5
61.6
38.1
29.4
53.3

525.6
165.5
115.1
63.6
60.3
38.2
29.3
53.6

527.3
166.5
115.0
63.2
59.7
37.6
32.3
53.0

530.0
165.1
113.5
62.5
58.7
36.8
40.3
53.1

531.9
164.8
111.3
62.2
59.3
36.4
44.9
53.0

521.5
163.9
110.7
61.5
59.6
35.6
37.4
52.8

515.9
163.0
111.0
61.4
59.3
35.2
33.4
52.6

513.8
163.3
111.7
61.1
58.9
34.9
31.5
52.4

513.6
163.3
111.3
61.0
59.5
34.9
30.2
53.4

516.0
163. 9
111. 8
60.8
60.3
35.3
29.6
54.3

518.1
163.7
111.6
60.1
60.9
35.9
31.2
54.7

520.7
164.5
112.5
60.0
61.3
36.7
30.6
55.1

520.8
166.2
111.5
60.8
60.5
37.6
28.5
55.7

517.2
165.0
110.0
60.0
58.6
36.0
32.9
54.6

504.3
163.3
103.6
59.1
56.7
35.4
32.2
54.0

Petroleum refining and related industries______________
___________
Petroleum refining---------------------------Other petroleum and coal products___

123.6
96.9
26.7

122.6
96.2
26.4

121.7
95.5
26.2

120.6
95.2
25.4

119.1
95.8
23.3

117.4
96.1
21.3

117.3
95.5
21.8

116.9
94.3
22.6

118.5
94.9
23.6

120. 0
95.2
24.8

120.9
95.3
25.6

122.1
96.2
25.9

128.0
101.9
26.1

125.3
100.9
24.3

129.9
106.1
23.8

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products________
. ------------Tires and inner tu b es. ______________
Other rubber products_______________
Miscellaneous plastic products_______

311.4
66.5
126.4
118.5

308.6
71.1
120.6
116.9

319.1
71.9
127.3
119.9

317.0
71.5
126.2
119.3

315.2
71.4
125.9
117.9

313.9
71.3
126.1
116.5

313.1
71.4
126.5
115.2

318.9
72.3
129.1
117.5

320.2
72.6
129.7
117.9

323.2
72.4
130.1
120.7

325.4
72.5
130.6
122.3

322.5
73.1
129.8
119.6

316.9
72.1
127.2
117.6

314.3
72.1
126.6
115.6

288.3
70.6
116.6
101.1

Leather and leather products---------------Leather tanning and finishing________
Footwear, except rubber _ _________
Other leather products_______________

320.4
27.3
216.1
77.0

309.5
26.8
210.6
72.1

309.8
27.7
210.3
71.8

301.4
27.0
206.6
67.8

300.5
26.8
206.2
67.5

310.0
27.0
211.5
71.5

312.7
27.5
214.0
71.2

310.0
28.1
213.2
68.7

317.0
28.5
215. 2
73.3

318.0
28.3
212.3
77.4

316.0
28.3
210.0
77.7

318.5
28. 1
213.5
76.9

325.8
28.1
220.0
77.7

318.6
28.0
215.7
74.9

316.4
28.3
214.0
74.1

82.6
40.4
835.7
17.6

83.3
39.8
829.6
17.6

83.9
38.5
796.0
17.1

83.0
37. 5
787.2
17.2

83.7
36.8
777.9
17.2

83. 9
36.8
775.9
17.1

84.3
38.2
773.7
17.4

84.6
37.8
814.1
17.7

84.8
37.9
828.4
17.8

85.2
38.4
837.6
17.9

85.3
39.4
833.6
18.3

85. 0
39.8
820. 1
18.6

86. 3
38.5
803.9
18.2

93.3
38.2
772.9
18.7

565.2
24.3
85. 5
546.8
215.1
140.0
156.7
35.0

559.5
24.3
83.6
541.3
213.0
138.7
155.3
34.3

555.3
24.7
81.5
529.5
207.8
135.4
152.7
33.6

554.1
24.9
81. 3
526.4
205.6
135.2
152.3
33.3

552.8
25.1
81.2
528.5
209.2
135. 0
151.9
32.4

551.9
25.3
80.9
528.8
209.2
135.2
152. 3
32.1

552.5
25.7
80. 4
530.2
209.3
135.5
153.3
32.1

555.4
26.3
80. 3
532.8
209.8
136.5
154.4
32.1

556.8
26.4
80.8
534.3
210.2
137.0
155.0
32.1

557.6
26.5
81.9
536.0
210.8
137.0
155.7
32.5

562.0
26.8
81.1
542.9
213.7
138.6
158.1
32.51

567.8
27.2
80.6
550.3
216.1
140.6
160.1
33.5!

559.5
26.9
79.9
537.1
211.4
137.6
156. 2
32.01

567.5
27.2
79.5
541.3
213.6
138.6
159.1
29.9

Transportation and public utilities;

Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban tra n sp o rta tio n ._
Intercity and rural buslines
____ _
Motor freight transportation and storage.
Pipeline transportation________________
Communication:
Telephone communication ___ _
Telegraph communication 2---------------■Rariin nnf-] tfilp.visinn b r n a r ie a s tin g

Electric, gas, and sanitary services______
Electric companies and systems______
Gas companies and systems__________
Combined utility systems___ ____ ___
Water, steam, and sanitary systems___
See footnotes at end of table.

706-442—63-

-7


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

—

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1228
T able

A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box below .

[in thousands]

Annual
average

1962

1963
Industry
Aug.2 J u ly 2 June
W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e 4_____ _____________

Wholesale trade_____________________
Motor vehicles and automotive equipm e n t___ __
_ . ___________
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products..
D ry goods and apparel____ ! _________
Groceries and related products............
Electrical goods_____________________
Hardware, plumbing and heating
goods___________________________
Machinery, equipment, and supplies..
Retail trade'4. . . ' . . ! ____________ !.*_____
General merchandise stores _________
Department stores..................................
Limited price variety stores______
Food stores___ _ _____
___ _ . .
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores..
Apparel and accessories stores. . .
M en’s and boys’ apparel stores_____
Women’s ready-to-wear stores______
Family clothing stores_____________
Shoe stores____________ _________
F u r n i t u r e a m i appliance s to r e s
Other retail trade. _________________
Motor vehicle dealers______________
Other vehicle and accessory dealers..
Drug stores_______________________

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

8,911 8,926 8,829 8,898 8,687 8,646 8,760 9,601 9,039 8,886 8,824 8,753 8,805 8,674
2,714 2,680 2,636 2,630 2,625 2,621 2,633 2,681 2,665 2,674 2,671 2,675 2,630 2,584
202.0
158.4
111.6
449.1
199.7

201.0
157.8
110.9
437.8
197.9

635.5
115.5
783.5
420.3
46.8
280.1

626.3
114.3
775.3
416.4
46.2
277.1

194.3
156.5
109.2
421.8
195.3

195.7
158.8
110.0
433.5
195.1

195.2
159.0
110.2
433.0
194.4

195.7
158.4
111.0
436.2
193.5

124.7 123.8 123.4 123.0
452.5 448.6 445.6 444.2
6,268 6,062 6,025 6,127
1,480.1 1,401.2 1,379.6 1,453.4
869.9 824.1 810.7 863.7
304.2 283.2 276.8 287.8
1,305.6 1,296. 5 1,301.3 1, 291.1
1,135.2 1,135.2 1,134.6 1,130.6
608.0 528.8 519.7 545.6
88.5
95.1
91.4
86.2
217.9 201.6 194.9 203.2
87.3
86.0
82.0
81.6
98.2 100.9
142.6 101.4
344.0 345.3 343.8 346.8
2,530. 7 2,490. 5 2,480.9 2,489.9
582.2 580.8 579.7 577.3
137.9 132.0 130.0 131.8
349.7 348.5 346.7 350.0

124.0
444.4
6,920
1,972.1
1,200.4
388.1
1,319.5
1,150.0
672.9
120.5
248.9
113.8
119.3
363.1
2, 592.5
573.4
142.4
368.6

124.3
442.7
6,374
1,618.8
964.5
321.7
1,298.6
1,136.7
578.8
94.9
217.8
92.0
106.6
351.0
2,526.7
570.6
137.1
353.5

124.5
442.8
6,212
1,512.4
886.3
307.4
1,287.2
1,128.2
561.2
89.6
210.8
87.6
107.2
346.6
2,504,9
567.5
131.5
351.3

614.1
113.1
770.4
413.7
45.6
275.9

612.3
114.0
770.4
413.1
46.0
276.0

611.7
115.9
769.0
412.7
45.9
275.1

197.1
157.1
108.8
415.9
196.7

198.3
156.5
109.0
418.4
197.0

128.2 126.3 124.7
463.8 458.1 452.9
6,197 6,246 6,193
1,444.5 1,469.4 1,453.0
842.0 860.3 851.7
283.4 288.2 289.2
1,307.6 1, 308.6 1,301.3
1,144. 5 1,144.6 1,137.2
' 527.1 552.1 550.5
88.2
92.4
87.8
197.4 207.1 208.4
83.4
84.4
82.8
104.3 108.2 110.0
347.5 346.7 343.8
2,570.4 2,568.8 2,544.5
592.0 589.1 585.2
144.5 143.6 140.0
350.2 348.8 349.6

F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s ta t e :

Banking. ______________________ . .
Security dealers and exchanges_________
Insurance carriers_____________________
Life insurance______________________
Accident and health insurance_______
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance..

Apr.

M ay

618.2
113.4
772.6
415.6
45.8
276.1

618.2
112.9
770.9
414.5
45.6
275.6

196.3
157.1
109.3
420.2
195.6

617.1
113.6
773.4
416.2
45.8
276.1

195.5
156.8
108.3
418.5
195.5

615.0
113.0
771.4
415.1
45.6
275.6

611.7
112.2
768.5
413.8
45.5
274.1

196.0
157.6
110.5
437.9
192.6

195.9
158.2
111.0
438.3
194.1

192.8
156.4
109.6
431.1
191.0

184.7
153.0
110.0
430.2
185.0

124.9 125.3 123.2 122.1
443.7 442.7 436.5 416.5
6,153 6,078 6,175 6,090
1,479.7 1,437.1 1,496.8 1,453.9
860.9 835.9 881.4 850.4
305.0 290.7 304.1 303.2
1,271.7 1,269.2 1,280.2 1,269.9
.1,115.0 1,114. 7 1,120.5 1,106.0
552.5 525.1 560.3 556.3
87.9
85.9
91.4
88.5
205.5 196.3 209.0 209.1
82.5
88.9
86.8
88.8
109.1 102.5 107.6 104.9
345.9 342.8 347.2 349.4
2,502. 7 2,503.8 2,490. 5 2,460.3
564.2 565.0 559.9 552.0
131.4 132.4 129.6 124.7
348.9 348.5 348.0 344.5
611.5
118.8
771.2
413.9
46.1
276.1

620.6
124.1
776.9
415.6
46.5
278.7

606.7
122.3
768.0
413.0
45.8
273.9

591.1
120.6
765.2
417.1
44.9
268.3

S e r v ic e s a n d m is c e lla n e o u s :

Hotels and lodging places;
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels_____
Personal services:
Laundries, cleaning and dyeing plants.
Motion pictures:
Motion picture filming and distribution..

616.4

597.4

541.8

521.5

512.7

509.1

502.5

500.7

507.2

516.4

530.0

563.8

509.2

494.0

380.8

382.2

376.0

374.4

365.6

364.0

369.0

370.0

373.7

377.1

378.6

379.0

377.7

383.1

23.5

22.6

21.6

20.8

21.6

22.1

23.7

25.2

24.2

24.4

24.3

24.3

24.6

29.1

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, and coverage of these series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
For mining, manufacturing, and laundries, cleaning and dyeing plants,
data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to
construction workers; and for all other industries, to nonsupervisory workers.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper­
visory workers (including leadman and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing,
warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and watchmen
services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use
(e.g., powerplant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated
with the above production operations.

Construction workers include working foremen, journeymen, mechanics,
apprentices, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition,
repair, and maintenance, etc., at the site of construction or working in shop
or yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
N onsupervisory workers include employees (not above the working super­
visory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons,
operators, drivers, attendants, service employees, linemen, laborers, janitors,
watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
2 Preliminary.
* Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
4 Excludes eating and drinking places.

Caution
T he r ev ise d se r ie s on em p loym en t, hou rs and earn in gs, and labor turnover in n o n ­
agricultural e sta b lish m e n ts sh ould not b e com pared w ith th o se pu blish ed in is s u e s prior
to O ctober 1963.

(S e e footn ote 1, tab le A -2 , and “ T ech n ical N o te , R evision o f E sta b lish ­

m ent E m ploym ent S tatistics, 1963,” appearing in the O ctober 1963 M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v i e w ,
p. 1194.)

M oreover, w h en th e figures are again ad ju sted to n ew ben ch m ark s, th e data

p resen ted in th is is s u e sh ould not b e com pared w ith th o se in later is s u e s w hich reflect
the a d ju stm en ts.
C om parable data for earlier periods are pu blished in E m p l o y m e n t a n d E a r n i n g s
S t a t i s t i c s f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , 1 9 0 9 - 6 2 (B L S B u lletin 1 3 1 2 -1 ), w hich is availab le at
depository lib raries or w hich m ay be pu rchased from the S u p erin ten d en t o f D o cu m en ts
for $3.50.
B ureau.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

For an in d ividu al ind ustry, earlier data m ay b e ob tain ed upon req u est to th e

1229

A.—EMPLOYMENT

T able A-4. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups,
seasonally adjusted 1
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

[inthousands]

Aug. 2 July 2 June

Total__________________________________
Mining________________________________
Contract construction_____________________
Manufacturing__ ___ ____________ _____ ...

1962

1963

Industry division and group
57,299 57,356 57,194

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

57,060 56,873 56, 706 56,458 56,333 56,211 56,205 56,195 56,125

Aug.
56,019

637

641

639

640

639

631

631

631

633

640

644

647

652

3,059

3,067

3,046

3,019

3,005

2,928

2,920

2,967

2,913

2,942

2,939

2,941

2,949

16,993 17,110 17,075 17,095 17,037 16,948 16,872 16,871 16,851 16,858 16,910 16,921

16,867

Durable goods--------------------------------------Ordnance and accessories_______________
Lumber and wood products, except furniture.
Furniture and fixtures_________________
Stone, clay, and glass products__________
Primary metal industries______________
Fabricated metal products_____________
Machinery_________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies________
Transportation equipment_____________
Instruments and related products________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries-----

9,624
'278
580
390
614
1,181
li 159
1,518
1,574
1, 560
376
394

9,706
278
563
391
615
1,210
1,159
1,513
1,587
1,622
376
392

9,685
278
559
390
612
1,202
1,156
1,508
1,593
1,623
375
389

9,683
276
592
388
612
1,184
1,151
1,506
1,597
1, 614
370
393

9,660
274
588
387
607
1,174
1,148
1, 504
1,595
1,623
370
390

9,586
278
597
388
597
1,145
1,136
1,501
1,589
1,597
368
390

9,546 9, 542
280
279
593
590
386
389
590
595
1,133 1,124
1,131 1,125
1,499 1,503
1,589 1,593
1,595 1, 586
366
365
388 Ÿ 389

9,518
279
586
386
591
1,126
1,127
1,501
1,595
1,574
364
389

9, 509
280
588
386
596
1,121
1,125
1,513
1,586
1,561
362
391

9,543
280
585
384
599
1,125
1,127
1,512
1,590
1,587
362
392

9,542
279
585
385
597
1,133
1,133
1,504
1,590
1,583
361
392

9,492
279
589
387
599
1,138
1,128
1,503
1,592
1,520
363
394

Nondurable goods--------- -----------------------Food and kindred products_____________
Tobacco manufactures....... ........... ............
Textile mill products.................... .............
Apparel and related products.......................
Paper and allied products...................... ...
Printing, publishing, and allied industries—
Chemicals and allied products---------------Petroleum refining and related industries---Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products...
Leather and leather products____________

7,369
1,720
92
888
1,292
627
938
866
189
404
353

7,404
1,729
87
890
1,318
623
936
871
188
409
353

7,390
1, 732
88
889
1,306
620
936
868
187
414
350

7,412
1,743
89
889
1,317
620
934
864
188
417
351

7,377
1,738
90
891
1,296
618
929
862
188
416
349

7,362
1,757
89
892
1,286
619
910
859
188
411
351

7,326
1,747
89
890
1,273
617
907
856
188
408
351

7,329
1,752
89
891
1,268
617
910
853
187
411
351

7,333
1,756
91
893
1,265
616
908
851
189
408
356

7,349
1,745
92
896
1,266
615
928
851
190
409
357

7,367
1,751
93
898
1,273
616
929
851
190
408
358

7,379
1,760
93
898
1,274
616
931
850
190
408
359

7,375
1,756
93
900
1,270
617
928
848
195
409
359

3,931

3,932

3,919

3,909

3,890

3,894

3,899

3,821

3,898

3,896

3,904

3,901

3,899

11,887 11,880 11,864 11,825 11, 784 11,795 11, 729 11,685 11,629 11,637 11,627 11,637
3i 150 3,157 3,148 3,129 3,119 3,106 3,093 3,085 3,072 3,069 3,075 3,079
8,737 8,723 8,716 8,696 8,665 8,689 8, 636 8,600 8,557 8,568 8, 552 8,558

11,620
3,071
8,549

Transportation and public utilities......................
Wholesale and retail trade....................................
Wholesale trade.................. ............... ..........
Retail trade..............................................—
Finance, insurance, and real estate.............. .........

2,877

2, 873

2,865

2,864

2,853

2,848

2,839

2,834

2,822

2,821

2,817

2,807

2,804

8,079

8,063

8,044

8,019

8,017

9,386
2,349
7,037

9,348
2,353
6,995

9,310
2,342
6,968

9,252
2,341
6,911

9,211
2,346
6,865

Service and miscellaneous............ .............. .........

8,379

8,348

8,282

8,228

8,199

8,207

8,144

8,110

Government_______ _______ _______ _____
Federal_____________________________
State and local________________________

9,536
2,354
7,182

9,505
2,351
7,154

9,504
2,349
7,155

9,480
2,345
7,135

9,466
2,339
7,127

9,455
2,340
7,115

9,424
2, 332
7,092

9,414
2,353
7,061

N ote: The seasonal adjustment method used is described in “ N ew Sea­
sonal Adjustment Factors for Labor Force Components,” M o n th ly L abor
R e v ie w , August 1960, pp. 822-827.

1 For coverage of the series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
* Preliminary.

T able A-5. Production workers in manufacturing industries, by major industry group, seasonally
adjusted 1
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

[inthousands]

Aug. 2 July 2 June
Manufacturing...... ............ ........................................... —
Durable goods........................................................ .......
Ordnance and accessories__________________
Lumber and wood products, except furniture
Furniture and fixtures......... ............. .................
Stone, clay, and glass products_____________
Primary metal industries__________________
Fabricated metal products------------------------Machinery_______________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies— .......... .
Transportation equipment..................................
Instruments and related products............ ........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries------Nondurable goods____________________________
Food and kindred products________________
Tobacco manufactures____________________
Textile mill products............... ................. ..........
Apparel and related products---------------------Paper and allied products-------------------------Printing, publishing, and allied industries—
Chemicals and allied products.................... ......
Petroleum refining and related industries----Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products...
Leather and leather products---------------------

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

12, 545 12,660 12,628 12,647 12,604 12,521 12,455 12,453 12,443 12,452
7i 028 7,108 7,086 7,081 7,070 6,994 6,956 6,950 6,935 6,932
122
121
120
121
119
119
118
120
120
120
525
527
531
533
538
530
528
501
498
519
320
323
321
321
322
322
323
325
326
323
480
476
474
474
489
480
492
493
497
495
900
901
897
911
952
922
962
977
961
987
859
860
862
868
864
883
881
888
891
891
1,054
1,044
1,045
1,038
1,040
1,041
1,038
1,052 1,046 1,042
1,049 1,061 1,069 1,068 1,067 1,061 1, 059 1,063 1,065 1,062
1,064 1,122 1,122 1,112 1,123 1,099 1,094 1,085 1,080 1,066
230
233
231
233
234
236
237
241
240
240
311
315
311
313
311
313
312
315
316
314
5,517
1,140
81
794
1,145
'494
595
524
121
311
312

1 For definition of production workers, see footnote 1, table A-3.
8 Preliminary.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1962

1963

Major industry group

5,552
1,148
75
797
1,169
491
594
528
121
317
312

5,542
1,151
75
797
1,160
489
594
527
119
321
309

5, 566
1,158
77
798
1,171
488
595
525
120
324
310

5,534
1,152
78
800
1,153
486
591
524
120
323
307

5,527
1,172
77
800
1,141
488
582
521
119
318
310

5,499
1,163
77
799
1,130
486
579
521
119
315
310

5,503
1,167
77
800
1,125
487
582
519
118
318
310

5,508
1,170
79
802
1,123
486
581
516
121
315
315

5,520
1,162
80
804
1,125
484
594
518
121
316
316

Oct.

Sept.

12, 509 12,524
6,967 6,969
122
122
523
523
319
319
483
481
899
907
863
867
1,057 1,048
1,064 1,066
1,091 1,091
230
231
315
315
5,542
1,169
81
806
1,130
487
596
519
121
316
317

5, 565
1,176
81
808
1,134
486
596
520
121
316
317

Aug.
12,489
6,935
125
526
322
483
911
862
1,049
1,070
1,038
232
317
5,554
1,172
81
810
1,128
487
596
520
125
317
318

N ote: The seasonal adjustment method used is described in “ N ew Sear
sonai Adjustment Factors for Labor Force Components,” M o n th ly Labor
R e v ie w , August 1960, pp. 822-827.

1230

M O N TH LY LA BO R R E V IE W , O CTO BER 1963
T able

A-6. Unemployment insurance and employment service program operations 1
[All Items except average benefit amounts are in thousands]
1963

Item
July
Employment service:2
New applications for work_________ ____
Nonfarm placements____________
___

June

928
572

1,096
577

M ay

1962

Apr.

911
612

Mar.

904
581

Feb.

861
496

Jan.

904
423

Dec.

1,097
459

766
434

N ov.

907
533

Oct.

Sept.

948
6431

856
652

Aug.

879
642

July

914
580

State unemployment insurance programs:
Initial claims 34___________ _______
1,351
973
1,079
1, 216
1,127
2,102
1,308
1,747
1,353
1,267
956
1,197
1,395
Insured unem ploym ent5 (average weekly
volum e)________________ ______ __ „
1,493
1, 468
1, 624
1,918
2,298
2,546
2,591
2,063
1, 625
1, 385
1,331
1, 469
1 543
Rate of insured unem ploym ent6________
3.6
3.5
3.9
4.7
5.6
6.2
6.3
5.1
4.0
'3.4
3.3
3.6
3. 8
Weeks of unemployment com pensated...
5,695
6,732
5,308
7,919
9,091
9,025 10,002
6,307
5,702
5,207
4,695
5,781
5, 563
Average weekly benefit amount for total
unemployment____________ _
$34.43 $34. 34 $34.91 $35. 54 $35. 80 $35. 70 $35. 52 $35.11 $34. 95 $34. 69 $34. 42 $34. 29 $34.01
Total benefits paid___________________ $195, 632 $188,189 $235,851 $274, 798 $316,422 $313, 272 $342,411 $214,203 $193, 551 $176, 608 $160, 559 $197,414 $186, 965
Unemployment compensation for ex-service­
men: 7 3
Initial claims 3____________
Insured unem ploym ent3 (average weekly
volum e)__________ ____ ___
Weeks of unemployment com pensated...
Total benefits paid____________________

31

22

20

23

44
176
$5,909

42
181
$6, 269

47
203
$6, 760

58
267
$8,797

Unemployment compensation for Federal
civilian employees:8 9
Initial claims 3____________________
Insured unem ploym ent5 (average weekly
v o lu m e)...
___________ _____ _
Weeks of unemployment compensated..
Total benefits paid_________ _______

19

12

11

13

11

12

20

12

12

14

10

12

15

30
110
$4,387

26
113
$4,941

28
119
$4, 678

31
137
$5, 241

35
150
$5, 591

38
148
$5,433

37
156
$5, 744

31
116
$4,262

29
115
$4,282

27
111
$4,182

25
98
$3,797

26
114
$4,354

26
97
$3, 653

4

5

7

19

12

16

16

32

22

65

49
57
64
73
61
61
60
65
50
118
138
137
173
132
133
148
124
129
$77.11 $80. 24 $80. 58 $79. 97 $79. 56 $78. 73 $74. 47 $83.26 $78. 53
$9,005 $11,004 $10, 881 $13,732 $10,358 $10,373 $11,081 $10,134 $10,081

52
98
$75. 84
$7,256

Railroad unemployment insurance:
Applications 10'_____________ . _______
Insured unemployment (average weekly
v o lu m e)___________________ _____
Number of payments 11_____________
Average amount of benefit p aym en t12___
Total benefits paid 13______ _______

46

11

4

39
79
$76.07
$5,852

32
77
$73. 87
$5, 563

39
99
$74. 44
$7,333

All programs:14
Insured unem ploym ent3........ .....................

1, 651

1, 628

1, 799

2,089

1 Includes data for Puerto Rico, beginning January 1961 when the com­
monwealth’s program became part of the Federal-State U I system.
2 Includes Guam and the Virgin Islands.
3 Initial claims are notices filed by workers to indicate they are starting
periods of unemployment. Excludes transitional claims.
4 Includes interstate claims for the Virgin Islands.
5 Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem­
ployment.
11The rate is the number of insured unemployed expressed as a percent of
the average covered employment in a 12-month period.
7 Excludes data on claims and payments made jointly with other programs.
8 Includes the Virgin Islands.
9 Excludes data on claims and payments made jointly with State programs.
10 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning
of his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is re­
quired for subsequent periods in the same year.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

25

27

39

31

29

31

27

39

30

71
77
77
303
306
338
$9,932 $10,027 $11,100

65
235
$7,679

57
222
$7, 298

52
214
$7,019

52
200
$6, 549

52
211
$6,934

46
175
$5,659

2,465

2,726

2,778

2,223

1,780

1,539

1,497

1, 628

1,699

11 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods.
12 The average amount is an average for all compensable periods, not
adjusted for recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
13 Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpay­
ments.
14 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, Ex-servicemen and U C FE programs and the Railroad Unemployment
Insurance Act.

S ource: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security for
all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which is prepared by the
U .S. Railroad Retirement Board.

1231

B .— LA BO R T U R N O V E R

B.—Labor Turnover
T

able

B -l. Labor turnover rates, by major industry group 1
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

[Per 100 employees]

Annual
average

1962

1963
Major industry group
July

2

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

1962

1961

4.1

4.1

Accessions: Total

Manufacturing:
Actual............ ........... .......................
Seasonally adjusted _______________

Durable goods.......................................
Ordnance and accessories___ ______
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture........................................
Furniture and fixtures.......................
Stone, clay, and glass products_____
Primary metal industries_________
Fabricated metal products_________
Machinery____________________
Electrical equipment and supplies___
Transportation equipment_________
Instruments and related products___
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries_________ ____ __________

4.1

4.8

4.0

3.9

3.5

3.3

3.6

2.4

3.0

3.9

4.9

5.1

4.5

8 .8

8 .9

8. 8

4-1

8 .8

8 .9

8 .7

3 .8

3 .8

3 .9

4 -0

3 .9

4 .2

3.6
2.6

4.2
2.9

3.8
2.5

3.8
2.3

3.5
2.1

3 .2

2.2

3.5
2.5

2.3
1.7

2.8
1.9

3.6
2.6

4.5
2.6

4.5
2.8

3.8
3.2

3.8
2.9

3.9
2.9

5.6
5.3
4.1
2.2
4.1
2.8
3.4
3.6
3.2

7.9
4.8
5.1
3.3
4.9
3.4
3.6
4.1
3.9

7.3
4.5
4.4
3.5
4.2
2.7
2.9
3.8
3.1

6.6
4.4
5.7
3.8
4.3
2.7
2.9
3.8
2.6

6.0
3.8
4.7
3.6
3.8
2.6
2.7
3.5
2.5

4.4
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.7
3.3
2.4

4.6
4.1
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.0
3.0
3.8
2.7

2.4
2.6
1.9
2.3
2.5
2.0
2.1
2.9
1.7

3.2
3.3
2.4
2.5
3.0
2.4
2.8
3.5
2.4

4.5
4.3
2.8
2.7
3.9
2.9
3.5
4.5
2.6

5.4
5.0
3.4
2.7
4.5
2.9
3.8
8.1
2.6

5.4
6.0
4.1
3.4
5.5
3.2
4.0
6.1
3.4

6.2
5.2
3.8
2.8
4.0
2.9
3.5
4.3
2.8

5.5
4.5
3.8
2.8
4.1
3.0
3.6
4.7
2.7

5.3
4.1
3.7
3.4
4.4
3.1
3.6
4.7
2.6

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.7

5.1

5.0

6.2

2.4

3.7

5.8

6.7

6.8

5.9

5.6

5.6

4.3
6.5
4.4
3.5
5.3
2.4

5.4
9.4
16.6
3.8
5.2
2.8

5.8
10.1
19.8
4.2
6.2
3.0

5.5
9.3
8.6
4.0
6.8
2.9

4.3
6.4
6.4
3.6
5.5
2.6

4.2
6.0
5.9
3.5
5.7
2.6

3.5
2.0

3.2
2.0

3.0
2.1

2.9
2.1

Nondurable goods________________
Food and kindred products...............
Tobacco manufactures____________
Textile mill products_____________
Apparel and related products_______
Paper and allied products_________
Printing, publishing and allied indus­
tries___ _____ _______________
Chemicals and allied products______
Petroleum refining and related indus­
tries________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products........................................
Leather and leather products_______

4.4
6.3

4.0
6.3

3.7
5.6

3.8
4.4

3.4
4.1

3.0
4.2

3.2
5.9

2.3
3.5

3.1
4.4

Nonmanufacturing:
Metal mining____________________
Coal mining.........................................

2.0
1.9

3.8
1.5

3.6
2.1

5.7
2.2

2.9
2.5

2.8
2.2

3.2
2.2

2.0
1.4

2.9
1.5

4.8
7.1
6.9
3.9
6.6
2.9

5.5
8.9
3.1
4.0
5.7
4.0

4.2
5.6
2.4
3.9
5.9
2.7

3.9
4.9
1.8
3.6
5.1
2.7

3.5
4.3
2.6
3.5
4.7
2.4

3.4
3.8
2.6
3.3
5.4
2.2

3.7
4.2
3.6
3.3
5.9
2.3

2.5
3.3
6.0
1.9
3.1
1.6

3.2
4.0
5.6
2.7
4.4
1.9

3.1
2.0

4.0
3.3

2.8
2.0

2.8
2.6

2.6
2.4

2.6
1.9

2.9
2.0

2.0
1.3

2.5
1.4

3.2
1.9

3.7
2.1

1.7

3.0

2.0

2.1

1.6

.9

1.3

.6

.8

1.2

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

3.8
4.8

4.7
4.7

4.4
5.5

4.3
6.4

3.8
5.0

3.9
5.0

2.7
1.7

2.9
2.5

2.4
2.5

2.4
1.5

2.9
1.7

2.7
2.2

2.5

2.2

Accessions: N ew hires
M anufacturing:
Actual_____________________________
S e a so n a lly a d ju s te d __________________
Durable goods.............................................. .
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture_______ _________________
Furniture and fixtures_____________-Stone, clay, and glass products...—
Primary metal industries____________
Fabricated metal products___________
Machinery_________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries.......................................................... .
Nondurable goods____________________
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures______________
Textile mill products________________
Apparel and related products________
Paper and allied products___________
Printing, publishing, and allied indus-

2.7

3.3

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.2

1.8

2.5

3.1

3.2

2.9

2 .4

2 .4

2 .4

2 .6

2 .4

2 .2

2 .3

2 .2

2 .3

2 .3

2 .3

2 .4

2 .5

2.3
1.5

2.9
1.9

2.3
1.4

2.2
1.3

1.8
1.1

1.7
1.3

1.7
1.4

1.1
1.0

1.6
1.2

2.2
1.7

2.6
1.9

2.6
2.0

2.4
2.5

2.3
2.0

1.9
2.1

4.5
4.4
2.8
1.2
2.7
1.8
2.1
1.8
2.3

6.3
4.0
3.7
2.1
3.2
2.5
2.4
2.4
3.1

5.5
3.5
2.8
1.7
2.6
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.0

4.6
3.3
2.8
1.4
2.4
1.9
1.6
1.9
1.8

3.7
2.7
2.1
1.0
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.7

2.9
2.7
1.6
.9
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.6

2.6
2.7
1.3
.9
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.9

1.7
1.5
.9
.6
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1

2.5
2.5
1.3
.7
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.6

3.6
3.5
1.8
.9
2.6
1.8
2.3
2.3
2.0

4.4
4.3
2.2
1.0
3.0
1.9
2.7
2.9
2.0

4.6
4.9
2.6
1.0
2.9
2.0
2.6
2.2
2.1

4.6
4.2
2.5
.9
2.6
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.2

3.9
3.5
2.2
1.1
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.0

3.3
2.8
1.8
.9
2.1
1.6
2.1
1.6
1.7

3.3

3.7

3.2

3.2

2.6

2.7

2.6

1.5

2.5

4.3

5.3

5.1

4.1

3.8

3.6

1.9
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.7
1.2

2.9
4.1
3.1
2.5
3.5
1.8

3.8
6.2
10.9
2.7
3.8
2.2

3.9
6.6
7.8
3.2
4.5
2.2

3.6
5.9
2.5
2.7
4.2
2.1

2.8
3.8
3.2
2.5
3.5
1.8

2.5
3.4
3.1
2.2
3.1
1.7

1.9
.9

2.6
1.3

3.1
1.5

2.7
1.3

2.6
1.5

2.3
1.5

2.1
1.4

3.1
4.7
1.7
2.7
3.9
2.1

3.8
5.9
1.8
3.0
3.6
3.1

2.7
3.5
1.3
2.8
3.6
1.9

2.4
2.8
1.1
2.5
3.4
1.7

2.2
2.2
1.6
2.2
3.2
1.5

2.0
1.9
1.1
2.0
3.1
1.3

2.1
2.1
1.9
1.9
3.2
1.3

1.3
1.7
3.4
1.2
1.5
.9

2.4
1.4

3.0
2.6

2.1
1.4

2.0
1.8

1.9
1.6

1.8
1.2

2.1
1.2

1.3
.7

Chemicals and allied products_______
Petroleum refining and related indus­
tries_____________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products_________________________
Leather and leather products________

1.4

2.4

1.5

1.3

.9

.5

.7

.4

.6

.9

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.0

.9

2.4
4.2

2.7
3.9

2.4
3.2

2.1
2.6

1.9
2.3

1.8
2.4

1.7
3.3

1.2
2.1

1.8
2.7

2.6
3.2

3.5
3.2

3.1
3.8

2.4
3.9

2.4
3.1

2.0
2.8

Nonmanufacturing:
M etal mining................................................
Coal mining_________________________

1.4
.8

2.7
.7

1.6
.8

1.7
.8

1.5
.8

1.4
.9

1.7
.6

1.2
.4

1.3
.6

1.5
.8

1.4
.7

1.3
.7

1.4
.5

1.5
.5

1.2
.6

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1232

M O N TH LY LA BO R R E V IE W , O CTO BER 1963

T able B -l.

Labor turnover rates, by major industry group ^ C o n tin u e d
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.

Per 100 employees]

Annual
average

1962

1963
Major industry group
July

2

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

1962

1961

4.1

4.0

Separations: Total
Manufacturing:
Actual...... ........................ ...........................

3.9

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.2

4.0

3.8

4.0

4.4

5.0

5.1

4.4

3.8

3.8

4.0

4 .0

3.8

3 .7

4 .0

3.8

3 .9

4 .0

4 .0

4 .5

4 .3

Durable goods................................................
Ordnance and accessories.........................
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture_______________________
Furniture and fixtures______ _____ ___
Stone, clav, and glass products..
Primary metal industries____ ________
Fabricated metal products.......................
Machinery______________ ____ ______
Electrical equipment and supplies.........
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products_____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries___ ________ _ _________ _

3.9
2.6

3.2
2.4

3.3
2.3

3.3
2.4

3.3
4.2

3.1
3.1

3.7
3.2

3.4
2.0

3.6
2.7

3.9
2.8

4.3
3.5

5.3
2.9

4.4
2.4

3.8
2.7

3.9
2.3

4.6
4.1
3.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
3.1
6.3
2.8

5.1
4.2
3.2
2.0
3.5
2.8
3.1
3.5
2.3

5.0
4.4
3.1
2.1
3.7
3.0
3.0
3.7
2.7

5.2
4.5
3.0
2.1
3.5
2.6
3.1
3.9
2.3

5.4
4.5
2.9
2.1
3.8
2.5
3.6
3.5
2.4

4.7
3.9
3.4
2.2
3.6
2.3
3.1
3.3
2.4

5.0
4.5
4.9
2.6
4.2
2.8
3.7
3.7
2.9

5.5
3.7
5.2
2.5
3.5
2.1
2.8
3.2
2.1

6.1
4.3
4.1
2.9
3.9
2.6
3.1
3.5
2.6

5.6
4.6
4.2
3.5
4.7
2.9
3.4
3.9
3.0

6.7
5.2
5.0
3.8
4.9
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.3

6.8
5.7
4.6
3.8
4.7
3.8
3.9
10.5
3.1

5.6
5.2
3.6
4.1
5.4
3.0
3.3
6.5
2.4

5.6
4.6
4.1
3.3
4.2
2.8
3.3
4.6
2.6

5.4
4.3
3.8
2.8
4.6
3.2
3.3
5.0
2.5

4.3

4.2

4.5

4.8

4.2

3.8

5.5

11.5

7.8

5.5

5.6

6.1

5.4

6.0

5.8

Nondurable goods_____________________
Food and kindred products_____ _____
Tobacco m anufactures... ___________
Textile mill products________________
Apparel and related products_________
Paper and allied products____ _______
Printing, publishing and allied industries____________________________
Chemicals and allied products___ ____
Petroleum refining and related industries___________________ ____ ____
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products______ _________ __________
Leather and leather products_________

3.9
5.4
2.0
3.5
5.3
2.5

3.8
4.8
2.2
3.3
5.6
2.2

4.0
4.6
4.0
3.9
5.8
2.5

3.9
4.8
3.9
3.7
6.0
2.5

3.7
4.9
7.0
3.5
4.8
2.5

3.4
4.7
9.2
3.1
4.2
2.3

4.3
6.4
6.8
3.9
5.5
2.9

4.3
6.3
11.0
3.4
5.9
2.5

4.6
7.1
17.1
3.7
5.2
2.7

5.0
8.3
10.8
3.8
5.7
2.8

5.8
9.5
5.5
4.5
6.0
4.3

4.8
6.8
2.9
4.5
5.9
3.5

4.4
6.0
2.3
3.9
6.8
2.6

4.4
6.2
6.7
3.7
5.8
2.8

4.2
6.0
5.7
3.4
5.8
2.7

2.5
1.8

3.0
2.1

3.0
2.6

2.6
1.9

2.7
1.7

2.3
1.4

3.0
1.7

2.7
1.6

2.9
2.0

3.1
1.8

4.1
3.1

3.5
2.4

2.6
1.9

2.9
2.1

2.9
2.0

Seasonally adjusted __________

_

Nonmanufacturing:
Metal mining_________________________
Coal mining________ ________________

1.5

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.9

1.8

2.1

2.2

1.8

2.7

2.5

1.5

1.8

1.7

4.2
5.5

3.3
4.1

3.5
4.9

3.2
5.9

3.7
4.7

3.0
3.8

3.6
5.2

2.9
5.4

3.6
4.5

4.0
5.4

4.6
5.9

4.3
5.9

4.1
5.6

3.6
5.2

3.6
5.0

2.2
2.3

2.5
1.8

3.1
2.2

3.0
2.8

3.1
2.5

2.6
2.0

3.6
2.1

5.5
1.8

3.8
3.2

3.6
2.6

6.0
2.1

4.9
2.3

3.2
5.3

3.5
2.8

3.1
2.7

1.4

1.2

Separations: Quits
Manufacturing:
Actual_________ _____ ______________

Seasonally adjusted ________________

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.1

0.8

1.1

1.5

2.4

2.1

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.4

Durable goods________________________
Ordnance and accessories __________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture________________________
Furniture and fixtures___________ . . .
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries........................
Fabricated metal products.................
Machinery_________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_______________ _______ _____

1.2
1.0

1.2
1.0

1.3
1.0

l.l
.8

1.0
.9

.9
.9

.9
1.0

.7

.7

1.0
.8

1.3
1.1

2.0
1.9

1.8
1.6

1.2
1.2

1.2
1.2

1.0
1.1

2.5
2.1
1.3
.7
1.2
.9
1.2
.8
1.1

3.0
1.9
1.3
.6
1.2
.9
1.2
.9
1.1

3.0
2.3
1.3
.7
1.3
1.0
1.2
.9
1.3

2.6
2.2
1.1
.6
1.2
1.0
1.1
.8
1.0

2.2
1.9
.9
.5
1.1
.9
1.1
.8
1.0

1.6
1.5
.7
.4
.8
.7
1.0
.7
1.0

1.7
1.7
.8
.4
.9
.8
1.0
.7
1.1

1.3
1.1
.6
.3

.7
.6
.8
.5
.8

1.9
1.6
.8
.4
.9
.8
1.1
.7
1.0

2.5
2.1
1.2
.5
1.3
.9
1.3
1.0
1.4

4.2
3.0
2.1
.9
2.2
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.9

3.7
3.1
1.9
.9
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.4
1.6

2.6
2.2
1.2
.6
1.2
.9
1.3
.9
1.2

2.4
2.1
1.2
.6
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.2

1.9
1.5
1.0
.5
1.0
.8
1.2
.8
1.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.0

1.6

2.2

3.0

2.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.6
1.9
.7
2.0
2.4
1.0

1.6
1.7
.7
1.9
2.2
1.0

1.7
1.6
.8
2.1
2.4
1.0

1.5
1.4
.8
2.0
2.3
1.0

1.4
1.4
.7
1.7
2.0
.9

1.2
1.2
.7
1.4
1.8
.7

1.3
1.3
.9
1.6
2.0
.8

1.0
1.1
.6
1.1
1.4
.6

1.3
1.3
.8
1.6
1.9
.8

1.8
2.2
.9
2.0
2.4
1.1

2.9
4.1
2.1
2.6
3.0
2.5

2.5
3.0
1.4
2.8
3.2
1.9

1.7
1.9
.8
2.1
2.6
1.1

1.7
1.9
.9
1.9
2.3
1.1

1. 5
1.6
.9
1.6
2.0
1.0

1.3

1.5

.7

1.5
.8

1.3

1.2

.6

1.1

1.2

.6

.9
.5

1.3
.5

1.5

2.1
1.2

1.4

1.4

.5

.5

.4

.4

.6

1.4

1.2

.7
.6

1.5
.8

.7

.7
.7

2.5
1.8

.8

.7
.6

1.4
2.6

1.4
2.2

1.4
2.4

1.3
2.3

1.1
2.0

1.0
1.6

1.1
2.0

.8
1.5

1.1
1.9

1.5
2.5

2.3
3.1

2.0
3.3

1.1

1.4
.3

1.5
.4

1.4

1.2
.4

1.2
.3

1.2

.8

.9

1.1

2.3

1.8

Nondurable goods____________________
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures_______________
Textile mill products___ ____________
Apparel and related products________
Paper and allied products______ _ . . .
Printing, publishing, and allied industries. . _________
_________
Chemicals and allied products. . . . . . .
Petroleum refining arid related industries____ ____________________ . .
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic produ c t s ________ ____ ______ ______ _
Leather and leather products_________
N onmanufacturing:
Metal mining_____________ __________
Coal mining__________________________
See footnotes at end of table,


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

.7

.6

.5

.5

.5

.3

.3

.3

.5

.5

.5

.7

.7

.5

1.4
2.4

1.4
2.3

1.2
2.0

1.3

1.2

l.C
.4

.4

.4

1233

B .— LA B O R T U R N O V E R

T able B -l. Labor turnover rates, by major industry group 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.

[Per 100employees]

Annual
average

1962

1963
Major industry group
July

2

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1961

July

1962

2.0

2.2

Separations: Layoffs
Manufacturing:
Actual......... ................... ........................
Seasonally adjusted
Durable goods..................... .......................
Ordnance and accessories___________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture............................................
Furniture and fixtures_____________
Stone, clay, and glass products..............
Primary metal industries___________
Fabricated metal products................ .
Machinery_______________________
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment__________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industr ie s ..................................................
Nondurable goods________ ______ ____
Food and kindred products_________
Tobacco manufactures______________
Textile mill products..............................
Apparel and related products................
Paper and allied products___________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries _________________________
Chemicals and allied products___ ____
Petroleum refining and related industries__ _______________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products____ _________________
Leather and leather products________
N onmanufacturing:

Metal mining_________ _____ _______
Coal mining____. . . ________________

1

1.9

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.2

1.9

2.2

2.2

1.8

1.7

1. 8

1. 8

1.8

1. 8

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.8

2.1

2.0
1.1

1.3
.9

1.3
.8

1.4
1.1

1.6
2.7

1.6
1.8

2.0
1.7

2.2
1.0

2.0
1.3

1.8
1.1

1.6
1.1

2.7
.8

2.4
.5

1.9
.9

2.2
.7

1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
2.5
1.2
1.2
4.5
1.2

1.2
1.6
1.2
.7
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.7
.6

1.1
1.3
1.2
.8
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.9
.7

1.8
1.5
1.2
.8
1.7
1.0
1.3
2.2
.7

2.5
1.8
1.4
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.7
1.9
.7

2.3
1.7
2.1
1.1
2.1
.9
1.4
1.9
.9

2.6
2.1
3.4
1.4
2.5
1.3
1.8
2.1
1.0

3.6
2.0
4.0
1. 7
2.3
1.0
1.4
1.9
.8

3.5
2.1
2.8
2.0
2.4
1.2
1.3
1.9
1.1

2.1
1.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
1.3
1.3
1.9
.9

1.6
1.4
2.2
2.3
2.0
1.3
1.0
1.9
.7

2.1
1.7
1.9
2.3
2.0
1.5
1.2
8.2
.8

2.2
2.2
1.7
2.8
3.3
1.4
1.3
4.5
.7

2.4
1.8
2.2
2.1
2.2
1.2
1.1
2.8
.7

2.8
2.1
2.2
1.7
2.9
1.7
1.4
3.6
.9

1.9

1.7

2.0

2.4

2.0

1.8

3.6

9.9

5.5

2.4

1.6

2.1

2.5

3.1

3.2

1.7
3.0
.9
.9
2.1
.9

1.5
2.5
1.2
.8
2.6
.6

1.7
2.4
2.7
1.1
2.6
.9

1.8
2.8
2.6
1.1
3.0
.9

1.7
2.9
5.8
1.2
2.1
1.1

1.6
2.9
8.1
1.1
1.8
1.2

2.4
4.4
5.4
1.7
2.7
1.5

2.8
4.7
9.9
1.9
4.1
1.4

2.7
5.2
15.9
1.7
2.7
1.3

2.6
5.4
9.2
1.2
2.6
1.2

2.2
4.6
2.6
1.2
2.3
1.2

1.6
3.1
1.0
1.0
1.7

2.0
3.3
1.1
1.2
3.3
.9

2.1
3.7
5.3
1.2
2.7
1.0

2.2
3.9
4.4
1.3
3.1
1.1

.8
.8

.9
.9

1.1
1.4

.9

1.0
.6

.8

1.3

1.3
.8

1.2
1.1

1.2
.8

1.1
.8

.9
.8

.7

1.0
.8

1.0
.9

.8

.7

.8

.2

.3

.5

.5

.7

.9

.8

.9

1.0

.6

.7

.6

.5

.6

.6

2.1
2.2

1.2
1.1

1.3
1.7

1.2
2.9

1.8
2.0

1.3
1.6

1.8
2.5

1.6
3.4

1.9
2.0

1.7
2.3

1.5
2.0

1.5
1.7

1.9
2.2

1.5
2.1

1.8
2.2

.6
1.4

.4

.8

1.6

.9
1.3

1.3
1.4

4.1

2.2

1.7
1.7

2.9

1.4

.9
1.8

1.4

1.0

2.4
1.4

1.1
4.3

1. 5
1.9

1.4
1.9

For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries as indicated by labor turnover rates are not
comparable with the changes shown by the Bureau’s employment series
for the following reasons: (1) the labor turnover series measures changes


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

.5

.9

1.1

2.2

1.0

during the calendar month, while the employment series measures changes
from midmonth to midmonth; and (2) the turnover series excludes personnel
changes caused by strikes, but the employment series reflects the influence of
such stoppages.
2 Preliminary.

1234

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

C.—Earnings and Hours
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.

Industry

1963

Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Annual
average

1962

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

$112.47
117.71
122.61
120.98

$111.90
115.87
119.87
117.99

$110.70
117.45
122.19
120.70

$106.92
113.44
115.50
119.03

Average weekly earnings
Mining __
____________ _________
M etal m in in g ______________________
Iron o r e s ____________ -- - _____
Copper ores_________ __
- ___

$112.34 $117.85 $114.39 $112.75
116.00 118.85 117.71 117.50
118. 42 124.14 120.08 117.80
121.55 122. 69 122. 55 124.12

$110.97 $112.48 $111.66 $111.66 $110.02 $111.78
118.37 117.14 116.16 116.85 116.31 116.44
116. 73 116.05 118.95 115.36 119.56 117.87
125.71 121.69
121.41 120.13 119.14

121.12

Coal mining__________ ______ ______
Bitum inous_____________________

108.19 128. 74 122.14 117.73 113.77 121.29 120.43 119.11 110.77 113.28 112. 53 112.42 113.09 110.62
130. 60 124.66 119. 81 114.56 122.77 120.90 119.88 111.24 114.76 113.67 113.83 114.50

Crude petroleum and natural gas - ___
Crude petroleum and natural gas
fie ld s __
_ __________ ______
Oil and gas field services ________

112.63 113.36 110.62 111.45 110.77 110.51 110.09 111.61 109.30 109.46 110.99 109.56 109.20 105.75

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining___

112.88 112.91

110.21

112.01

121.60 123.31 117.74 120.30 118.26 118.15 121.09 119.11 115.18 114.09 119.81 114.80 115.46 113.96
104.79 105.04 104.49 103.52 104.25 103. 76 100.43 105.71 104.40 105.90 103.58 104.84 103.63 98.44

Contract construction, . . ____________
General building contractors_________
,
H eavy construction___________
Highway and street construction ..
Other heavy construction________
Special trade contractors_____________

130. 90
119.97
134.90
133. 62
136.27
136.14

129.79
118. 58
132.13
130.09
134.60
135. 75

110.32 106. 56

102.00

128.06
117.85
126.96
123. 68
131.02
134. 67

122. 72
113.34
117.30
109.42
123.80
130.31

124. 58
115.84
122.36
117. 74
127.98
131.40

98.77 100.14
118.33
108. 85
110. 70
99. 72
119.19
125.93

98.25 106. 76 110.40 113.24 112.79 105.43 100.09

121.07 118.67
108. 55
115.82
107.54 104.60
123.13 118.24
128.47 127.40

111.11

121.61 127.25 128.64
113.34 117.12 117.81
127.98 130.17
115.02 126. 42 128.76
123. 56 130.38 131.93
127.80 133.91 134.98

112.00 118. 99

127.71
116.92
131.63
130.09
132.92
132.75

122.47
112.50
122.31
118.37
126. 48
128.50

118.08
108.83
120.09
113.81
127.12
123.44

______________________ $98.42 99.23 100.37 99.23 97.36 98.09 97.20 97.44 98.01 97.36 96.32 97.27 95. 75 96. 56 92.34
Manufacturing
Durable goods___________________ 107.01 108.09 109.82 108.36 106.37 106.49 106.23 105.82 107. 53 105.78 105.37 105.88 103.89 104. 70 100.35
Nondurable goods _____________
88.18 88.36 88.36 87. 52 85.97
85.85 86.24
.94 86.33 85.50 86.80 86.18 85.54 82.92

86.68

86

Average weekly hours
M in in g ,, _____________ _ _ _ ____________
M etal m in in g ... _______ _____ _______
Iron o r e s ________ ______________
Copper o r e s __________ ________

41.3
40. 7
38.7
42.8

Coal mining
______ . . . __________
Bituminous_____________________

42.7
41.7
40.7
42.9

41.9
41.3
39.5
43.0

41.3
40.8
38.0
43.4

40. 5
41.1
37.9
43.8

40 9
41.1
37.8
43.0

40 9
40 9
39.0
42.8

40.9
41.0
37.7
42.9

40.9
41.1
39.2
42.6

41.4
41.0
38.9
42.1

41.5
41.3
40.2
42.3

41.6
40. 8
39.3
41.4

41.0
41.5
39.8
42.8

40.5
41.4
38.5
43.6

41.0
41.2

39.4
39.7

38.1
38.4

36.7
36.6

39 0
39.1

39.1
39.0

38 3
38.3

36 2
36.0

36 9
36.9

36.3
36.2

36. 5
36.6

36.6
36.7

35.8
35.9

Crude petroleum and natural gas_____
Crude petroleum and natural gas
fields__ ______
___________
Oil and gas field services_________

42.5

42.3

41.9

41.9

41.8

41.7

41.7

42.6

42.2

42.1

42.2

42.3

42.0

41.8

41.5
43.3

41.8
42.7

40. 6
43.0

41. 2
42. 6

40. 5
42. 9

40 6
42 7

41. 9
41 5

41 5
43 5

40 7
43. 5

40 6
43 4

41.6
42 8

41.0
43. 5

40.8
43.0

40.7
42.8

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining___

45.7

45. 9

45.4

44 4

42 5

41 5

41 9

40 6

44 3

46 0

46 6

46 8

44 3

43.9

38. 5
36.8
43.1
44.1
41.8
37.4

38.4
36.6
42.9
43.8
41.8
37.5

38.0
36.6
41. 9
42.5
41.2
37.1

37 3
36.2
41. 2
41.9
40.5
36.5

36. 2
35.2
39.1
38.8
39.3
35.8

34 7
33.7
36. 9
36.0
37.6
34.5

35 4
34.4
38.1
37. 6
38.6
35.1

34 8
33.4
36. 6
35.7
37.3
35.0

36 3
35.2
39 4
39.8
39.1
35.6

38 1
36.6
42 1
43.0
41.0
37.3

38 4
36.7
42 4
43.5
41.1
37.6

38 7
37.0
43 3
44.4
41.8
37.5

37 0
35.6
40. 5
41.1
39.9
36.3

36.9
35.8
40.3
40.5
40.1
36.2

40.5
41.1
39.8

40.8
41.6
39.8

40.5
41.2
39.6

39.9
40.6
38.9

40.2
40.8
39.4

40.0
40.7
39.2

40.1
40.7
39.2

40.5
41.2
39.7

40.4
41.0
39.6

40.3
41.0
39.4

40.7
41.2
40.0

40.4
40.9
39.9

40.4
40.9
39.6

39.8
40.3
39.3

69
84
05
85

$2 70
2 83
3 07
82

$2 64
2.74
3.00
2.73

3 09
3 12

3 09
3.12

Contract construction___ ______ . . . .
General building contractors_________
Heavy construction..
_ ________
Highway and street construction
Other heavy co n stru ctio n ..______
Special trade contractors_____________
M anufacturing_________________________
Durable goods___________ ______
Nondurable goods. _____________

—

40.5
41.0
39.9

Average hourly earnings
M ining_____ _________________________
Metal mining______ ____ ______
Iron o r e s ..._____________________
Copper ores___ _ . . ___________

$2. 72
2.85
3.06
2.84

Coal mining___ ________ ______ _
B itum inous........... ......................... .

$2.76
2.85
3.05

$2. 73
. 88
3.10

$2.74

2.86

$2.73
2.85
3.04
2.85

$2 75
2 85
3 07
2.83

3.14
3.17

3.10
3.14

3.09
3.12

3.10
3.13

3 11
3.14

2
2.88
3 08
2.86 2.87

$2
2
3
2

73
84
05
83

3 08
3.10

73
85
06
83

$2 60

3 11
3.13

3 06
3.09

$2
2
3
2

2 83
3 05
82

2

$9
2
3
2

7n
84
03
83

$2 71
2 85
3 05
86

3 07
3 11

3 10
3 14

3 08
3 11

2

$2
2
3
2

2

Crude petroleum and natural gas_____
Crude petroleum and natural gas
fields___ ______________ ______
Oil and gas field services.. _______

2.65

2.68

2.64

2.66

2.65

2.65

2.64

2.62

2.59

2.60

2.63

2. 59

2.60

2.53

2.9c
2.42

2.95
2.46

2.90
2.43

2.92
2.43

2. 92
2.43

2 91
2.43

2 89
2.42

2 87
2.43

2 83
2. 40

2 81

2.44

2 88 2 80

2 42

2 41

2 83
2. 41

2 80

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining___

2.47

2.46

2.43

2.40

2.40

2.38

2.39

2.42

2 41

2. 40

2 43

2. 41

2.38

2.28

Contract construction___________________
General building contractors__
H eavy construction__________ ______
Highway and street construction
Other heavy construction. __
Special trade contractors_____________

3.40
3.26
3 .1<
3.03
3.26
3. 6‘

3.38
3.24
3.08
2.97
3.22
3.62

3.37
3.22
3.03
2.91
3.18
3. 6c

3.34
3.20
2. 97
. 81
3.16
3.60

3 41
3.23
3 00
2.77
3.17
3.65

3 42
3.23

2

3.39
3.22
3 00
2.82
3.15
3 .6f

3.19
3 66

3 41
3.25
3 06
2.93
3.17
3 64

3 35
3.22
3 02
2. 89
3.16
3 59

3 34
3.20
3 04
2. 94
3.18
3 59

3 35
3.21
3 07
2. 96
3.21
3 59

3 30
3.16
3 04
2 93
3.18
3 54

3 31
3.16
3 02
. 88
3.17
3 54

2

3.20
3.04
2 98
2.81
3.17
3 41

2.45
2.63

2.46
2.64

2. 45
2.63

2. 44

2. 44

2. 43

2.43

2. 42
2.61
2.19

2. 41
2.58
2.18

2. 39
2.57
2.17

2. 39
2.57
2.17

2. 37
2. 54
2.16

2.39
2. 56
2.16

2.32
2.49

Manufacturing___ ____ _______ _______
Durable goods__________________
Nondurable goods___ ____ _______
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.43
2.61

2.21

2.22

2.22

3

04

2.86

2. 62 2.61 2. 61 2.60
2.21 2.21 2.20 2.19 2.20

2.30

2.11

1235

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

Annual
average

1962

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods

Ordnance and accessories_______ ___ $118. 20 $117.33 $118.24 $117. 67 $115.14 $118. 20
Ammunition, except for small arms. 119. 31 118. 55 119. 65 117. 50 116. 24 117.86
Sighting and fire control equip121. 7C
. 01 119.20 127.98
m ent___________________ ______
Other ordnance and accessories___ 115. 49 114.93 115.36 116.90 112.19 116.05

120.10 122

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture____________ ____________
Sawmills and planing mills_______
Millwork, plywood, and related
products______________________
Wooden containers_____________
Miscellaneous wood products_____
Furn iture and fixtures----------------------Household furniture------------- -----Office furniture____ ________ . .
Partitions, office and store fixtures..
Other furniture and fixtures______

$119. 65 $119. 65 $120.10 $117. 71 $116. 03 $116. 72 $115.34 $116. 31 $113.29
119.31 119.02
. 06 118.37 116. 69 117.38 116. 00 116.69 115.49

120

128.29 . 128.35 131. 24 128.87 125. 58 125. 40 122. 78 126.18 117.27
. 06 110.70 112.34 108.39
117.59 117. 74 116. 06 113. 44 111. 79

112

84.05
76.89

82. 62
75. 70

82. 62
76. 07

80. 60
73. 97

78. 41
71.82

77. 81
71.16

77. 22
70.62

77. 03
70.98

78.40
71.23

79.00
72.31

79.60
72.98

82. 42
75.30

81. 80
74.48

79.20
71.71

76.83
68.99

92. 01
68.48
75.81

90. 09
70.31
74.12

90. 29
69.14
74.85

90. 07
68.31
73.89

66. 73

87.94

87.94
65. 01
73.12

86.88

72.36

64.91
72.90

87.10
64.02
73. 08

87.94
64.29
72. 80

87.53
65. 76
73.71

. 66
73.44

86.88
66

89.23
68.04
74.62

89. 02
68.30
73.49

87.12
66.17
72. 54

84.44
63.12
69.77

81.19 81.39 79.60
76. 52 76. 70 74.99
94. 76 96.93 94. 71
108. 05 105. 37 101. 75
83.43 82. 42 82.82 82.42

78.01
74. 21
92. 63
98.39
81.19

79.19 79.19 79.00
75.36 74. 96 74.19
93.15 92. 29 94. 07
. 20 100. 58 101. 85
79.98 81.18 80. 78

83.40
78.62

101

81.58 80.16 81. 76 81. 54 80. 54 79.37 76. 40
78. 02 76.63 77.38 77.15 75.99 75. 07 71.46
95. 40 91.77 91.17 92.57 92. 34 92. 57 90. 54
99. 04 100. 65 107. 01 107. 87 108. 38 103.57 100. 53
81.81 81.20 81. 61 82.00 81.79 81. 41 79.99

Average weekly hours
Ordnance and accessories-----------------Ammunition, except for small arms.
Sighting and fire control equipm ent____________ ____________
Other ordnance and accessories___
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture--------------------------------------Sawmills and planing mills_______
Millwork, plywood, and related
p ro d u cts...____ _______________
Wooden containers______________
Miscellaneous wood products-------Furniture and fixtures_______________
Household furniture______ _______
Office furniture___ _ __________
Partitions, office and store fixtures_
Other furniture and fixtures______

40.9
41.0

40.6
40.6

41.2
41.4

41.0
40.8

40.4
40.5

40.9
40.5

41.4
41.0

41.4
40.9

41.7
41.4

41.3
41.1

41.0
40.8

41.1
40.9

40.9
40.7

41.1
40.8

40.9
41.1

41.1

39.9
40.9

39.9
41.2

40.4
41.6

39.6
40.5

42.1
41.3

42.2
41.7

42.5
41.9

43.6
41.6

43.1
41.1

42.0
41.1 .

41.8
41.2

41.2
41.0

42.2
41.3

40.3
40.9

41.0
40.9

40.7
40.7

40.9
40.9

39.9
40.2

39.6
39.9

39.3
39.1

39.4
38.8

39.3
39.0

39.2
38.5

39.5
39.3

40.0
40.1

40.8
40.7

40.9
40.7

39.8
39.4

39.4
39.2

42.4
41.5
41.2

41.9
42.1
40.5

41.8
41.4
40.9

41.7
41.4
40.6

40.9
40.2
40.2

40.9
39.4
40.4

40.6
39.1
40.5

40.7
38.8
40.6

40.9
39.2
40.0

40.9
40.1
40.5

40.6
40.4
40.8

41.5
40.5
41.0

41.6
40.9
40.6

40.9
40.1
40.3

40.4
39.7
40.1

41.7
41.6

40.8
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6

40.9
40.8
41.6
41.0
40.8

40.2
40.1
41.0
39.9
40.4

39.8
39.9
40.1
39.2
39.8

40.2
40.3
40.5
40.0
39.4

40.2
40.3
40.3
39.6
39.6

40.1
40.1
40.9
40.1
39.6

41.2
41.5
41.3
39.3
40.3

40.9
41.2
39.9
40.1
40.2

41.5
41.6
40.7
41.8
40.4

41.6
41.7
40.6
42.3
41.0

41.3
41.3
40.5
42.5
41.1

40.7
40.8
40.6
41.1
40.3

40.0
39.7
40.6
40.7
40.4

41.1

Average hourly earnings
Ordnance and accessories___________
Ammunition, except for small arms.
Sighting and fire control equip_______ . ________
ment__
Other ordnance and accessories----Lumber and wood products, except
furniture________ ________________
Sawmills and planing m ills.______
Millwork, plywood, and related
products... ________ ________
Wooden containers______________
Miscellaneous wood products_____
Furniture and fixtures_________ _____
Household furniture__________. . .
Office furniture___________ ______
Partitions, office and store fixtures..
Other furniture and fixtures...........
See footnotes at end of table.

7 0 6 -4 4 2 — 63-


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

-8

$2.89
2.91

$2.89
2.92

$2. 87
2. 89

$2.87

2.88

$2.85
2.87

$2.89
2. 91

$2.89
2. 91

$2.89
2. 91

$2.88
2. 90

$2.85

$2.83

$2.84
2.87

$2.82
2.85

$2.83
. 86

$2. 77
2.81

2. 81

3.05
2.81

3. 01
2.80

3.02
2.81

3.01
2.77

3. 04
2.81

3. 04
2.82

3.02
2.81

3. 01
2.79

2. 99
2. 76

2. 99
2.72

3.00
2.72

2. 98
2.70

2.99
2.72

2.91
2.65

2.03
2. 02 2.02
1.88 1.86 1.86 1.84

1.98
1.80

1.98
1.82

1.96
1.82

1.96
1.82

2.00 2.00
1.85

1.84

1.99
1.82

2. 02 2.00

2.17
1.65
1.84

2.15

1.66

2.15
1.65
1.81

2.14

1.66

2.14
1.65
1.80

2.15
1.64
1.82

2.14
1.64
1.82

1.96

1.97
1.87
2.30
2.53
2.03

1.97

1.97
1.85
2.30
2.54
2.04

1.98

2.31
2.52
2.03

2.05

2.00
1.89

2.03

2.15
1.67
1.83

2.15
1.67
1.83

2.16
1.65
1.82

1.99

1.99

2.30
2.61
2.03

2.33
2.57
2.03

1.98
1.87
2.31
2.55
2.04

1.88 1.88

1.80

1.86

2. 31
2.51
2.04

1.80

1.86

2.29
2.54
2.05

2.88 2. 86

2

1.85

1.83

1.99
1.82

1.95
1.76

2.14
1.65
1.80

2.15

1.68

2.14
1.67
1.81

2.13
1.65
1.80

2.09
1.59
1.74

1.96

1.97

2.30
2.51

2.24
2. 56

1.96
1.85
2.28
2. 55

1.95
1.84
2.28
2. 55
1.99

1.95
1.84
2.28
2.52

1.91
1.80
2.23
2.47
1.98

1.88 1.86 1.86

1.82

2.02 2.02 2.00

2.02

1236

M O N TH LY LA BO R R E V IE W , O CTO BER 1963

T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

1962

Annual
average

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Feb.

Mar.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods —Continued

Stone, clay, and glass products............... $103.42 $103. 66 $104. 41 $103.07 $101.11
Flat glass_______________________
132.72 139. 40 133.51 131. 66
Glass“ and glassware, pressed or
98.00
blown________________________ 100. 75 100.15
Cement, hydraulic___- ................... . 116. 31 118.16 116.05 116.48 119.99
Structural clay products. - ............— 90. 92 90. 27 90. 92 90. 71 90. 27
Pottery and related products_____
89. 24 90.16 90. 46
. 37
Concrete, gypsum, ' and plaster
products______________________ 110. 41 110. 70
108. 62 103.92
. 26
. 61
Other stone and mineral products.. 101. 75 102. 59 102.92

101.00 100.10

88

110.01

Primary metal industries....................... .
Blast furnace and basic steel products__________________________
Iron and steel foundries__________
Nonferrous smelting and refining...
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and
extruding_____. . . . . . ------------Nonferrous foundries........... ..............
Miscellaneous primary metal industries_______________________

$99.47 $97.36 $97. 36 $97.84 $100. 53 $100. 67 $101. 33 $101.40 $98.57 $95. 24
130. 65 127.92 129. 26 130.42 133.06 127.59 126.94 125.78 126.01
. 68

122

100. 40 100.65 100.15 99.14 99.38 98.49 97.76 98.09 98.33 95.44
112.87 111.63 112.16 111. 50 115. 21 114. 26 116. 62 115. 93 112. 75 106. 52
86.67 84. 77 85. 41 85.41
. 90 87.56 87.34 87. 56 86.69 84. 45
89.65 89.87 89.20 87.25 86.85 82.13
89.31 88.14 87.69

88.88

99.48

93. 93
99.23

123.02 125. 77 129.55 127.30 127.82 122. 91

122.21

102

100

100.12

94.40
98.00

86

95.60 102.96 105.36 108.14 108.66 100. 96
98.74 99.06 99.14 99.87 99.95 98. 33

97.10
95.24

120.80 120.39 117. 91 116.92 119.10 115. 84 119.80 114.84

122.68

131. 67 135. 20 140. 70 138.28 141. 70 131. 27 129.89 128.44 126. 68 123.39 122. 42 125.00
127. 40 122. 92
109. 34 111.37 115. 45 112.98 110.15 110.15 110.83 108.14 109. 88 107. 73 106. 52 107.45 103.34 106. 52 98.81
119.11 118.12 117. 45 118. 43
117.31 116. 33 116.20 117. 32 116. 75 114.80 116.75 116.03 114.95 110.16

120.12

118. 44 118. 72 120.83 118. 72 115.23 116. 34 116.34 116.89 118. 43 116.62 115.09 116.47 113. 98 116.05 111.76
104. 55 100.75
106.34 105.82 107.38 106.45 105.01 106.45 106. 45 107. 38 106. 81 105.01 105. 41 104.60

102.11

129.58 128.03 129.16 127.10 125.05 126.99 127.60 129.98 129. 25 125.14 123.49 126.00 123.07 124.50 117.16
Average weekly hours

Stone, clay, and glass products...............
Flat glass_______________________
Glass“ and glassware, pressed or
blown__
Cement, hydraulic______________
Structural clay products.................
Pottery and related products_____
Concrete, gypsum, * and plaster
products________ ____ _________
Other stone and mineral products...

41.7

41.8
39.5

42.1
41.0

41.9
39.5

41.1
39.3

40.6
39.0

39.9
38.3

39.9
38.7

40.1
38.7

41.2
39.6

41.6
38.9

41.7
38.7

41.9
38.7

40.9
38.3

40.7
38.7

40.3
41.1
41.9

39.9
41.9
41.6
38,8

40.4
41.3
41.9
39.2

40.2
41.6
41.8
39.5

39.2
42.1
41.6
39.1

40.0
40.6
40.5
39.0

40.1
40.3
39.8
39.0

39.9
40.2
40.1
38.8

40.3
40.4
40.1
39.5

40.4
41.0
40.8
40.2

40.2
41.1
41.3
40.3

39.9
41.5
41.2
40.0

40.2
41.7
41.3
39.3

40.3
41.0
40.7
39.3

40.1
40.5
40.6
38.2

44.7
40.7

45.0
41.2

44.9
41.5

44.7
41.4

43.3
40.9

41.8
40.7

39.8
40.5

40.0
40.0

40.0
40.3

42.9
40.6

43.9
40.8

44.5
41.1

44.9
41.3

42.6
40.8

42.4
40.7

Primary metal industries_____ ____ _
Blast furnace and basic steel
products______________________
Iron and steel foundries__________
Nonferrous smelting and refining...
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and
extruding......................................
Nonferrous foundries_____________
Miscellaneous primary metal industries........ ............ ........................

40.6

41.1

42.2

41.6

41.5

40.7

40.6

40.4

40.4

39.7

39.5

40.1

39.4

40.2

39.6

39.9
40.8
41.5

40.6
41.4
41.3

42.0
42.6
41.5

41.4
42.0
41.7

41.8
41.1
42.0

39.9
41.1
41.6

39.6
41.2
41.4

39.4
40.5
41.5

39.1
41.0
41.9

38.2
40.5
41.4

37.9
40.5
41.0

38.7
40.7
41.4

38.1
39.9
41.0

39.2
40.5
41.2

38.9
38.9
40.8

42.3
40.9

42.4
40.7

43.0
41.3

42.4
41.1

41.6
40.7

42.0
41.1

42.0
41.1

42.2
41.3

42.6
41.4

42.1
40.7

41.7
40.7

42.2
40.7

41.6
40.2

42.2
41.0

41.7
40.3

41.8

41.3

41.8

41.4

41.0

41.5

41.7

42.2

42.1

41.3

41.3

42.0

41.3

41.5

40.4

$2.42
3.28

$2. 43
3. 28

$2. 42
3.25

$2. 41
3.29

$2. 34
3.17

Average hourly earnings
Stone, clay, and glass products...............
Flat glass_______________________
Glass and glassware, pressed or
blown_____________ ______ ___
Cement, hydraulic.._____________
Structural clay products............ .......
Pottery and related produ cts____
Concrete, gypsum, " and plaster
products...... ......................................
Other stone and mineral products..

$2.48

$2.48
3.36

$2.48
3.40

$2.46
3.38

$2.46
3. 35

$2. 45
3. 35

$2. 44
3. 34

$2. 44
3. 34

$2. 44
3.37

$2.44
3.36

2. 50
2.83
2.17

2. 51
. 82
2.17
2.30

2

2.50
2.81
2.17
2.30

2.49
2.80
2.17
2. 29

2.50
2.85
2.17
2.26

2. 51
2. 78
2.14
2.29

2.51
2.77
2.13
. 26

2. 46
2. 76
2.13
2.25

2.46
2.81
2.13
2. 23

2.45

2.45

2.44

2. 44

2

2. 51
2. 79
2.13
2.26

2. 78
2. 81 2. 78 2. 75
2.12 2.12 2.12 2.13
2.23
2. 23
2.22 2. 21

2.38
2.63
2.08
2.15

2. 47
2. 50

2. 46
2.49

2.45
2.48

2. 43
2.47

2.40
2.46

2. 38
2.46

2. 36
2. 45

2. 36
2.45

2. 39
2. 45

2. 40
2.44

2.40
2.43

2.43
2.43

2.42
2. 42

2.37
2. 41

2.29
2. 34

Primary metal industries____________
Blast furnace and basic steel
products......... ......................... .........
Iron and steel foundries__________
Nonferrous smelting and refining...
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and
extruding_____________________
Nonferrous foundries_____________
Miscellaneous primary metal industries............... .............. ................

3.03

3.06

3. 07

3.06

3. 08

3.02

3.01

2.99

2.98

2.97

2.96

2.97

2.94

2.98

2.90

3. 30

3.33
2. 69

3.35
2. 71
2. 83

3. 34
2. 69
2.84

3. 39

3.29
. 68
. 82

3. 28
2.69
. 81

3.24

2.80

3. 23
. 66
. 82

3. 23
2. 63
2.80

3.23
2. 64
. 82

2

3.22
2. 59
2. 83

3. 25
2. 63
2. 79

3.16
2. 54
2. 70

2.80
2.60

2.68 2
2.86
2. 86 2
2
2. 80 2. 81 2. 80 2. 77 2. 77 2. 77
2. 60 2.60 2. 59 2. 58 2. 59 2. 59

3. 26
2. 67
2.80
2. 77
2.60

2.78
2. 58

2. 77
2. 58

2. 76
2. 59

2. 76
2. 57

2.74
2. 54

2. 75
2. 55

. 68
2. 50

3.10

3.10

3. 08

3.07

3.03

2. 99

3.00

2. 98

3.00

2.90

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.68

2. 87

3.09

3. 07

3.05

3.06

3.06

2.68 2
2

2

1237

O.— E A R N IN G S A N D H O U R S

T able C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
Anrmal
avei-age

1962

1963
Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Feb.

Mar.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods —Continued
30 $105. 22 $105.73 $106.66 $105. 32 $104. 81 $100.85
Fabricated metal products....................... $109. 36 .$107. 53 $108.84 $108.32 $104 75 $105. 67 $105.01 $105. 52 $106.
122.29 122. 48 119.99 123. 26 133.11 131. 50 126.30 121.80
M etal cans---- ----- ----------------------- 132.24 131.46 131.94 128. 65 125.14 122.59
Cutlery, hand tools, and general
99. 96 96.48 99.14 93.53
103.98 104.24 99.70 101. 75 101.59 102.59 103.09 102.51
hardware,.......................................... 103.07
Heating equipment and plumbing
101.
34 100.94 98.55 94.95
101.
09
99.20
fixtures_______________________ 104.24 102. 72 103.22 100.15 97.86 98. 60 98.95 98.95 98.60
34 105. 78 106.97 107. 07 104.60 102.06
Fabricated structural metal products. 110.04 108.58 108. 84 107.53 104. 64 104.12 103. 60 103. 46 104.64 104.
105.00 106.00 98.49
107.18
104.
75
46 106. 09
Screw machine products, bolts, etc. 108.20 106. 75 108. 80 108.38 105. 08 106.26 107.19 108. 46 108.
. 06 113. 57 113.15 113. 01 113.82 113. 55 112. 56 112. 56 111.87 111. 76 105.41
M etal stam pings.----------------------- 115. 63 113.30 116. 75 116. 47
90.94 93.34 90.32
92.55
93.79
Coating, engraving, and allied services. 94.83 94.13 95.63 95.63 92.80 94.12 91.53 92.39 93.98 92.70
Miscellaneous fabricated wire
96.64 96.64 94.07
97.29
96.64
95.76
97.10 95.75 97.64 97.58 95.51 97.34 96.93 98. 06 97. 70
products______________________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal
102.
77 103. 53 100.19
105.
67
105.
41
products______________________ 106. 08 105.97 105.93 106. 45 104.23 104. 86 104. 09 104. 75 105. 67 105. 01

120.88

100.86

100.10

112

M achinery......... ............ .............................
Engines and turbines— ...................
Farm machinery and equipment—
Construction and related machinery. _
Metalworking machinery and
equipm ent-----------------------------Special industry machinery..............
General industrial m achinery.........
Office, computing, and accounting
machines--------------------------------Service industry m achines...............
Miscellaneous machinery..................

115. 23 115.23 117. 04
124 34 122.31 123. 73
110.83 111. 79
115. 79 115. 37 117.18

115. 79 113. 85 115.51
122. 41 119.30 124.23
. 66 112.61
109. 07
115. 93 113.57 113. 85

111

112
121

. 88 112. 74 112.32 113. 01 107. 42
114.82 114. 40 114.53 112. 75
120. 09 119. 88 114* SO
. 20
. 20
123.11 120.99 122. 40
. 66
108.
41 107. 46 107.18 107.59
110.
43
108.14
. 66
113.16
. 61
. 66 112. 75
113. 44 112. 75

111

121
112.88 111

126.26 128. 01 130. 52 128.90 128.17 130.52 128. 76 127. 01 126.87 123. 25 122. 69
109 30 108.94 110.33 109.13 107.17 108.88 107. 94 108. 71 109. 31 106.68 106. 68
. 06 111. 52 111. 38
. 88 114. 54 112.61 110.16 110.98 110. 70 110. 43
114.
49 112.84 112.72
114.
21
114.90
115.30
114.33
115.
59
116.
57
116.85 116.85
100 55 102.31 103.57 103.98 101.15 102.31 100.90 100. 90 100.35 101.15 99.94
110.14 110. 24
112.14
111.
09
109.
62
110.
72
112.04
109.36
112.99
109. 72 110.14

112

112.88 112

121.20
112

102

123.55 123.55 125. 57 117.04
108.38 105. 59 106. 77 101. 43
110.97 110.83 110.83 105.04
113. 68 112.19 113.15 111. 24
95.84
100. 44 99.96
109.82 108.29 109.13 104.00

100.12

Average weekly hours
Fabricated m etal products_____ ______
M etal can s_______________________
C utlery, hand tools, and general
hardware
----------- ------------- --H eatin g eq u ip m en t and plum bing

40.7
40.7

40.9
40.9

41.2
41.1

41.1
40.4

41.3
41.5

41.5
43.5

41.3
43.4

41.1
42.1

40.5
42.0

41.9
43.5

41.2
43.1

41.7
43.4

41.5
42.6

40.6
41.3

40.8
41.0

40.9

40.2

41.1

41.2

40.2

40.7

40.8

41.2

41.4

41.5

41.0

40.8

40.2

40.8

39.8

39.9
40.1
42.7
41.7
40.7

39.6
40.4
42.7
42.0
41.4

40.0
40.6
42.1
41.9
41.2

40.6
41. 0
41.9
42.0
41.5

40.7
41.3
42.7
42.0
41.5

40.7
41. 5
42.0
41.9
40.6

39.9

39.4

42.4
41.7
41.3

40.7
40.7
40.5

41.2
42.0
42.1
42.2
40.7

40.6
41.6
41.7
41.5
40.4

40.8
41.7
42.5
42.3
41.4

39.9
41.2
42.5
42.2
41.4

39.3
40.4
41.7
41.2
40.7

39.6
40.2
42.0
41.6
41.1

39.9
40.0
42.2
41.6
40.5

40.8

40.4

41.2

41.0

40.3

40.9

40.9

41.2

41.4

41.1

41.3

41.4

41.3

41.3

40.9

41.1
41.8
40.4
40.1
41.7

40.4
41.4
39.9
40.9
41.0

40.8
41.7
41.0
41.1
41.1

40.5

40.6

40.7

40.6

41.6
40.6
40.9
41.0

41.3
40.4
40.2
40.9

41.5
40.4
40.3
41.3

40.8
41.6
40.4
40.4

40.3

41.6
40.9
41.3
41.1

40.8
41.8
40.8
40.6
40.9

40.7

41.6
40.3
40.6

41.7
40.5
40.6

40.4
41.0
40.0
40.1

41.5

40.6
41.6
40.5
40.3
41.5

40.9
42.1
40.7
40.8
42.0

42.8
42.2
40.9

43.1
41.9
40.9

43.8
42.6
41.5

43.4
42.3
41.1

43.3
41.7
40.5

43.8
42.2
40.8

43.5
42.0
40.7

43.2
42.3
40.9

43.3
42.7
41.2

42.5
42.0
41.0

42.6
42.0
41.1

42.9
42.5
41.1

42.9
41.9
41.2

43.3
42.2
41.2

41.8
41.4
40.4

41.0
39.9
42.2

41.0
40.6
42.2

40.9
41.1
42.8

40.7
41.1
42.6

40.4
40.3
41.9

40.6
40.6
42.1

40.6
40.2
42.0

40.5
40.2
42.4

40.6
40.3
42.8

40.3
40.3
42.2

40.4
40.3
42.4

40.6
40.5
42.4

40.5
40.8
42.3

40.7
40.7
42.3

41.2
40.1
41 6

Fabricated metal products___________
M etal cans___ ________ ________
Cutlery, hand tools, and general
hardware_________ ________ Heating equipment and plumbing
fixtures___ ______________ ___
Fabricated structural metal oroducts.
Screw machine products, bolts, etc,
M etal stampings-------- ------------Coating, engraving, and allied services.
Miscellaneous fabricated wire
products______ _____ ______
Miscellaneous fabricated metal
products.. ___________________
Machinery-................................... —...........
Engines and turbines____________

$2.61
3.04

$2.61
3.05

$2.61
3.04

$2.61
3.02

$2.58
3.03

$2.59
2.99

$2.58
2.97

$2.58
2.99

$2.58
2.98

$2.56
2.97

$2.56
2.97

$2.57
3.06

$2. 55
3.03

$2.55
3.00

$2.49
2.90

2.52

2.49

2.53

2.53

2.48

2.50

2.49

2.49

2.49

2.47

2.46

2.45

2.40

2.43

2.35

2. 53
2.62
2.57
2. 74
2.33

2.53
2.61
2. 56
2.73
2.33

2.53
2.61
2. 56
2. 76
2.31

2. 51
2. 61
2.55
2.76
2.31

2.49
2.59
2. 52
2.72
2.28

2.49
2.59
2.53
2.73
2.29

2.48
2. 59
2.54
2.72
2.26

2.48
2.58

2.49
2.59

2.48
2. 57

2.49
2. 58

2.49
2.59

2.71
2.27

2.71
2.27

2. 71
2.25

2.68
2.26

2.68
2.23

2.48
2.58
9. SO
2.67
2.24

2.47
2.57
2 50
2.68
2.26

2.41
2.52
2.42
2.59
2.23

2.38

2.37

2.37

2.38

2.37

2.38

2.37

2.38

2.36

2.33

2.34

2.35

2.34

2.34

2.30

2. 59
2.71
3.00
2.66

2.55
2.70
2.98
2.64

2. 55
2.71
2.96
2. 65

2.48
2. 62
2.87
2.56

Construction and"related machinery. .
Metalworking machinery and
equipment-----------------------------Special industry machinery---------General industrial machinery------Office, computing, and accounting
machines_____________________
Service industry machines---------Miscellaneous m ach in ery..............

Fabricated structural metal products,
Screw m achine products, bolts, etc.
M e ta l stam pings__________________
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
M iscellaneous
fabricated
wire
products________________________
M iscellaneous fabricated m etal
products______________ _____ ___
M a chinery-------------- -------------------- --E ngines and t u r b in e s .., ------------Farm rrmnhinery and equipmp/nt
Construction and related m achinery..
M etalw orking
m achinery
and
eq u ip m en t---------------------------------Special in d u stry m achinery............
General ind u strial m ach in ery-------Office, com puting, and accounting
m ach in es___________ ________ _
Service in d u stry m a ch in es...............
M iscellaneous m achinery...................

40.8
41.6
40.9

Average hourly earnings

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.79

2.61
2.77
3.02
2.75
2.78

2.59
2.78
3.04
2.74
2.79

2.59
2.77
3.03
2.72
2.78

2.58
2.75
2.99
2.73
2.77

2. 57
2.77
3.03
2.74
2.77

2.57
2.76
3.01
2.74
2.76

2.58
2.75
2.98
2. 73
2.75

2.59
2.74
3.00
2.72
2.76

2.58
2.73
3.00
2.69
2.73

2.59
2.72
3.00
2.69
2.73

2.95
2.59
2.76

2.97
2.60
2.76

2.98
2.59
2.76

2.97
2. 58
2.74

2.96
2.57
2. 72

2.98
2.58
2.72

2.96
2.57
2.72

2.94
2.57
2.70

2.93
2. 56
2.72

2.90
2.54
2.72

2.88
2. 54
2.71

2.88
2.55
2.70

2.88
2.52
2.69

2.90
2.53
2.69

2.80
2.45
2.60

2.85
2.52
2.60

2.85
2.52
2. 61

2.85
2. 52
2. 64

2.84
2. 53
2.63

2.83
2.51
2.61

2.84
2.52
2.63

2.83
2. 51
2.61

2.82
2. 51
2.62

2.82
2.49
2.62

2.80
2.51
2.61

2.79
2.48
2.60

2.80
2.48
2.59

2.77
2.45
2.56

2.78
2.46
2.58

2.70
2.39
2.50

2. 60
2.77
3.04

1238

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

1962

Annual
average

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

4»

1961

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods —Continued

Electrical equipment and supplies____
Electric distribution equipment___
Electrical industrial apparatus____
Household appliances
Electric lighting and wiring equip.
...
ment___
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories______________
________
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and su p p lies...

$98. 74
107.04
104. 96
108.39

Transportation equip m ent_____
Motor vehicles and equipment____
Aircraft and parts___
Ship and boat building and repairing... _________ _______
Railroad equipment
_
_.
Other transportation equipment__

121.39 125.28 126.90 125.76 121. 54 123.85 123.14 124. 74 129.73 128.27 126.10 124. 07 118.78
113.40
123. 41 129.81 132. 62 131. 89 125. 44 128. 29 127. 38 129.63 138. 40 136.89 132.54 130. 59 121.06 127. 67 114. 69
120.95 121.54 121. 72 120.30 118.90 120.18 121. 76 122. 64 123.94 123.09 122.80 120. 38 118. 69 119.97 114.68

$99.14 $99.88 $98. 74 $96. 87 $97. 84
106.52 107.98 106.11 103.34 104. 78
105. 47 105.73 104.81 102.36 102.97
110.42
108.39 106.25 107. 71

111.22

$98.09 $97.93 $100.21 $98.66 $98.49
104.23 102. 91 107.12 104. 75 104.60
104.14
. 82 102. 97 102.56
. 66
104. 52 103. 74 107.94 105. 01 105.26

102

102

$99.22 $97.20 $97.44 $94.47
105.22 102.97 102.87
103.16
98.58
105.67 106.08 104.23 101.30

102.00 102.00

101.00

93.73 93.03 94.02 93.09 90.00 91.14 90.29 90.52 92.52 92.52 91.66 93.25 90.68 90.85 87.91
. 76 86.98 86.33 86.46 83.00 85.36
84.92 86.72 85.06 87.23 89.13 87.26 85.75 82.11
105. 60 105.20 106.92 105. 99 103.88 106.11 107.30 107.27 109.15 107. 53 107.27 108.32 105. 67 106.97 102. 72

86

83. 79

86.02

82.35

82.76

82.97

82.14

83.58

82.35

82.37

83.20

82.59

82.40

83.02

82.00

80.40

103.97 106. 75 109.82 106.23 102.94 103.34 107.27 110.72 111.41 108.42 109.62 107.49 101. 40 106.66

81.39

97.11

<-

122.22

122.01

122. 70 120.09 121.77
119.25 119.95 118.55 118. 61 119.72 116.18 116. 76 116. 76 119.19 114.97
125. 36 122.91 119. 80 119.10
115.84 118. 89 115 54 114 46 115 34 113 39 119 69
94.24 93.86 93.21 91.17
87.60 85.46 86.72 84.24 88.29
.99 89.42

121.88
88.66

88

111.20

86.22

83.71

Average weekly hours
Electrical equipment and su p p lies...
Electric distribution equipment__
Electrical industrial apparatus _.
Household appliances_____ __
Electric lighting and wiring equipment________________
Radio and T V receiving sets
Communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories___________
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and supplies.. _.
Transportation equipmentMotor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts..
Ship and boat building and repairing________________
Railroad equipment .
Other transportation equipment-

40.3
40.7
41.0
40.9

40.3
40.5
41.2
41.2

40.6
40.9
41.3
41.5

40.3
40.5
41.1
40.9

39.7
39.9
40.3
40.4

40.1
40.3
40.7
40.8

40.2
40.4
41.0
40.2

40.3
40.2
40.8
39.9

40.9
41.2
40.7
41.2

40.6
40.6
40.7
40.7

40.7
40.7
40.9
40.8

41.0
41.1
41.1
40.8

40.5
40.7
40.8
40.8

40.6
40.5
40.8
40.4

40.2
40.4
40.4
40.2

40.4
39.8
40.0

40.1
39.9
40.0

40.7
39.6
40.5

40.3
39.3
40.3

39.3
37.9
39.8

39.8
38.8
40.5

39.6
39.1
40.8

39.7
38.6
41.1

40.4
39.6
41.5

40.4
39.2
41.2

40.2
40.2
41.1

40.9
40.7
41.5

40.3
40.4
40.8

40.2
39.7
41.3

39.6
39.1
40.6

39.9

39.4

39.6

39.7

39.3

39.8

39.4

39.6

40.0

39.9

40.0

40.3

39.7

40.0

40.2

40.3

40.9

41.6

40.7

39.9

39.9

41.1

42.1

42.2

41.7

42.0

41.5

40.4

41.5

39.8

40.6
40.2
41.0

41.9
42.7
41.2

42.3
43.2
41.4

42.2
43.1
41.2

41.2
41.4
41.0

41.7
42.2
41.3

41.6
41.9
41.7

42.0
42.5
42.0

43.1
44.5
42.3

42.9
44.3
42.3

42.6
43.6
42.2

42.2
43.1
41.8

41.1
40.9
41.5

42.0
42.7
41.8

40.5
40.1
41.4

40.9

40.3
41.1
41.7

41.0
40.7
41.9

41.5
40.2
41.8

40.7
40.1
40.7

40.8
40.9
40.3

40.6
39.4
40.0

40.9
40 3
39.2

41.0
39 3
39.6

40.2
39 2
39! 0

40.4
39 5
40.5

40.4

41.1

40.2

40.0

4L 2

4L 4

40.1

39.3

Average hourly earnings
Electrical equipment and supplies___
Electric distribution equipment__
Electrical industrial apparatus___
Household appliances____________
Electric lighting and wiring equip­
m ent......... ............ ...........__............ .
Radio and T V receiving sets_____
Communication equipment______
Electronic components and acces­
sories ________________________
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and supplies__________________

$2.45
2.63
2.56
2.65

$2.46
2.63
2.56

$2.46
2.64
2.56

$2.45
2.62
2.55
2.65

$2.44
2.59
2.54
2.63

$2.44
2.60
2.53
2.64

2.32
2.18
2.64

2.32
2.18
2.63

2.31
2.18
2.64

2.31

2.63

2.20

2.29
2.19
2.61

2.10

2.09

2.09

2. 09

2.58

2.61

2.64

Transportation equipment___________
Motor vehicles and equipment___
Aircraft and parts_______________
Ship and boat building and re­
pairing_______________________
Railroad equipment_____________
Other transportation equipm ent...

2.99
3.07
2.95

2.99
3.04
2.95

3.00

2.98
3. 05
2.26

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

____

$2.44
2.58
2.54
2.60

$2.43
2.56
2.52
2.60

$2.45
2.60
2.53
2.62

$2.43
2.58
2.52
2. 58

$2.42
2.57
2.51
2.58

$2.42
2.56
2.51
2.59

$2.40
2.53
2.50
2.60

$2.40
2.54
2.50
2.58

$2.35
2.50
2.44
2.52

2.29

2.20 2.20 2.20

2.28

2.28

2.62

2.63

2.61

2.29
2.19
2.63

2.29
2.17
. 61

2

2.28
2.17
2.61

2.28
2.19
2.61

2.25
2.16
2. 59

2.26
2.16
2.59

2.22
2.10

2.09

2.10

2.09

2.08

2.08

2.07

2.06

2.06

2.05

2.05

2.00

2.61

2.58

2. 59

2.61

2.63

2.64

2.60

2.61

2. 59

2.51

2.57

2.44

3.00
3.07
2.94

2.98
3.06
2.92

2.95
3.03
2.90

2.97
3.04
2.91

2.96
3.04
2.92

2.97
3. 05
2.92

3.01
3.11
2.93

2.99
3.09
2.91

2.96
3. 04
2.91

2.88 2.86

2.94
3.03

2.89
2.96

2.91
2.99
2.87

2.77

2.97
3.02
2.24

2.94
2.98
2.23

2.93
2.97
2.24

2.20

2.94
2.98

2.92
2.94
2.19

2.90
2.95
2.18

2.92
2.94
2.19

2.89
2.92
2.16

2.89
2.92
2.18

2.89
2.95
2.16

. 86
2. 96
2.15

2.68 2.68

2.90
2.97
2.16

2

2.53

2.80

2.86

2.78
2.83
2.13

*

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

1239

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p, 1228.
1963

1962

Annual
average

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings

Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods —Continued

Instruments and related products........ $101.34 $100.44 $101.84 $100.94
Engineering and scientific instru­
ments_____________________
114.45 119.11 115.87
Mechanical measuring and control
devices_______ ____________ 102.50 100.85 103.07 102. 56
Optical and ophthalmic goods___
93.41 92.55 93.44 94.08
Surgical, medical, and dental
equipment_________________
86.07 85.86 86.30 84.21
Photographic equipment and sup­
plies_________________ _____
114.80 113.40 113.15
Watches and clocks____________ —
81.72 82.50 84.14
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries....................................................
Jewelry, silverware, and plated
ware______________________
Toys, amusement, and sporting
goods...................................... .
Pens, pencils, office and art
materials___________________
Costume jewelry, buttons, and
notions____________________
Other manufacturing industries__

$99.14 $101.18 $101.18 $99.88 $101. 52 $101.35 $99.96 $100.21 $99.63 $99.80 $96.87
114.86 118. 69 119.26 117.29 117.88 118.16 117.88 117. 59 117.60 115.64 112.07

100.10 101.09
93.02

93.66

99.70
93.02

98. 74
92.80

82.58

83.39

83. 79

82.97

101.68 100.44
92.80

90.42

99.38
91.08

98.80
89.84

98.74
88.78

98.98
89.62

95.91
86.92

84.44

84.85

83.41

85.27

85.07

84.45

81.81

111. 78 114.26 115.51 113.44 116.06 117.17 113.16 113.02 112.19 114.26 110.09
82.50 83.53 83.74 82.29 83.13 83.82 83. 79 84.00 83.41 83.37 80.58

79.60

78.98

80.19

79.40

79.17

80.39

80.19

79.58

80.19

78.41

78.41

78.60

77.81

78.21

75.84

86.72

86.29

88.70

87.02

85.54

86.40

85.36

85.60

91.56

88.97

86.67

85.26

83. 58

84.82

81.81

71.81

72.17

72.37

71.63

73.14

73.34

73.15

71.44

70.98

72.47

71.68

70.74

71.37

70.17

77.21

79.38

77.41

76.43

77.02

78.59

76.44

76. 76

75.98

75.55

75.52

74.61

74.82

72.86

70.59
85. 72

74.19
86.58

86.00

72.89

71.97
85.10

73.05
86.40

72.65
85.97

71.39
85.14

86.22

72.47

69.30
85.20

70.59
85.01

71.64
85.86

70.88
84.40

71.68
84.82

68.78
81.78

86.40

Average weekly hours
Instruments and related products_____
Engineering and scientific instru­
m ents_____________ ____ ______
Mechanical measuring and control
devices_______________________
Optical and ophthalmic goods____
Surgical, medical, and dental
equipm ent........................................
Photographic equipment and sup­
plies....................................................
Watches and clocks______________

40.7

41.0
41.7
40.6
—

Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries______________________________
Jewelry, silverware, and plated
ware__________________________
Toys, amusement, and sporting
goods_________________________
Pens, pencils, office and art
materials______________________
Costume jewelry, buttons, and
notions_______________________
Other manufacturing industries___

40.5

40.9

40.7

40.3

40.8

40.8

40.6

41.1

41.2

40.8

40.9

41.0

40.9

40.7

40.3

41.5

40.8

40.3

41.5

41.7

41.3

41.8

41.9

41.8

41.7

42.0

41.3

40.9

40.5
41.5

40.9
41.9

40.7
42.0

40.2
41.9

40.6
42.0

40.2
41.9

40.3
41.8

41.0
41.8

40.5
41.1

40.4
41.4

40.0
41.4

40.3
41.1

40.4
41.3

40.3
41.0

40.5

40.9

40.1

39.7

39.9

39.9

39.7

40.4

40.6

40.1

40.8

40.9

40.6

40.3

41.0
39.1

40.5
39.1

40.7
39.5

40.5
39.1

41.1
39.4

41.4
39.5

41.1
39.0

41.9
39.4

42.3
40.3

41.3
39.9

41.4
40.0

41.4
40.1

41.7
39.7

41.7
39.5
39.5

39.6

39.1

39.7

39.5

39.0

39.6

39.5

39.2

39.7

39.6

39.8

40.1

39.7

39.7

39.6

39.4

40.5

40.1

39.6

40.0

39.7

40.0

42.0

41.0

40.5

40.6

39.8

40.2

40.3

38.4

38.8

38.7

38.1

38.7

38.4

38.3

38.0

39.0

39.6

39.6

39.3

39.0

39.2

40. Ö

39.8

40.5

39.9

39.6

39.7

40.3

39.4

40.4

40.2

40.4

40.3

39.9

39.8

39.6

39.0
39.5

40.1
39.9

39.4
40.0

38.9
39.4

39.7
40.0

39.7
39.8

38.8
39.6

39.6
40.1

38.5
40.0

39.0
40.1

39.8
40.5

39.6
40.0

39.6
40.2

39.3
39.7

$2.38

Average hourly earnings
Instruments and related products_____
Engineering and scientific instru­
m ents________________________
Mechanical measuring and control
devices________________________
Optical and ophthalmic goods____
Surgical, medical, and dental
equipment____________________
Photographic equipment and sup­
plies__________________________
Watches and clocks______________
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries____ _________________________
Jewelry, silverware, and plated
ware__________________________
Toys, amusement, and sporting
goods_________________________
Pens, pencils, office and art materials.
Costume jewelry, buttons, and
notions_______________________
Other manufacturing industries___
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.49

2.50
2.24

—

$2.48

$2.49

$2.48

$2.46

$2.48

$2.46

$2.47

$2.46

$2. 45

$2.45

$2.43

$2.44

2.84

2. 87

2.84

2.85

2.86 2. 86

2. 84

2.82

2.82

2.82

2.82

2.80

2.80

2.74

2.49
2. 23

2.52
2.23

2. 52
2.24

2.49

2. 49
2. 23

2.45

2.48

2.48

2.46

2. 47
2.17

2.45
2.16

2.45
2.17

2.38

2.12

$2.48

2.48
. 22

2.22
2
2.22 2.22 2.20 2.20
2.12 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.09 2. 09 2.09 2.08 2.09
2.80
2. 80 2.78 2. 76 2.78 2.79 2. 76 2. 77 2. 77 2.74 2.73
2.11 2.13 2.11 2.12
2.09
2.12 2.11 2.11 2.08 2.10 2.10

2.08

2.08

2.03

2. 71
2.08

2.10

2.74

2.64
2.04

2.01 2.02 2.02 2.01

2.03

2.03

1.96

2.19

2.16

2. 03

2.03

2.02

1.98

1. 97

1. 96

1. 97

1.92

2.19

2.19

2.17

2.16

2.16

2.15

2.14

2.18

2.17

2.14

2.10 2.10 2.11

2.03

1. 87
1. 94

1. 86

1. 96

1.87
1.94

1.88
1.93

1. 89
1. 94

1.91
1. 95

1.91
1.94

1.88 1. 82
1. 90

1. 89

1.83
1. 87

1.81
1. 87

1. 83
. 88

1. 79
1.84

1.81
2.17

1.85
2.17

1.85
2.15

1.85
2.16

1.84
2.16

1.83
2.16

1. 84
2.15

1.83
2.15

. 80
2.13

1

1.81
1. 80 1.79 1.81
2.12 2.12 2.11 2.11

1.75
2.06

1.80
1.87

1

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1240

T able C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.

Aug.2 | July 2 1 June | M ay

Apr. | Mar. | Feb.

Nondurable goods

$93.98
Food and kindred products.
QQ 39
Meat products.
99.03
Dairy products.
Canned and preserved food, except
meats___________
107.14
Grain mill products.
94 37
Bakery products.
Sugar.....................
Confectionery and related products. 81.39
109.67
Beverages...
Miscellaneous food and kindred
96.40
products. .
Tobacco manufactures----------------------- 73 66
Cigarettes...........
Cigars__________
69. 60
Textile mill products.
68.23
Cotton broad woven fabrics..
Silk and synthetic broad woven
73.53
fabrics___
Weaving and finishing broad
72.76
woolens----------------------Narrow fabrics and smallw ares... 69 55
Knitting—................... ..................... 63.90
Finishing textiles, except wool and
k n i t __________________________________ 79.00
Floor covering---------------------------Yarn and thread------------------------- 62 56
80.79
Miscellaneous textile goods.

Dec.

N ov. | Oct. 1 Sept. J Aug.

1962 | 1961

Textile m ill products--------------Cotton broad woven fabrics.

Miscellaneous textile goods..
See footnotes at end of table.

65.84

66.66

92.88
75.20
95.53
59.14
.45
67.49

88.22
58.56
68.51
.33

66

68

92.88
72.35
95.94
61.23
68.45
67.16

91.37
68.40
86.56
60.60
68.45
67.16

91.81
70.97
93.03
59.82

91.59
68.04
89.38
59> 28

91.38
71.41
89. 54
57.82

68.11 68.21 68.21
65.27 66.99 66.75

99.85

73.35

73.35

73.35

74.99

74.47

74.47

73.35

74.04

73.44

68.72

74.21
69.26
59.94

76.86
69.77
61.07

76.49
70.18
60.59

75.35
70.69
59.94

74.80
70.69
60.16

73.67
70.07
61.82

74.44
70.07
61.99

76.80
71.45
62.15

77.96
70.76
62.24

77.17
70.93
61.44

72.28

76.26
73.75
63.74
80.56

80. 89
75.30
64. 53
83.95

79.29
72.67
63.65
80. 95

78.35
71.73
62.16
78.76

80.09
76.50
62.56
79.73

80.04
76.46
61.69
81.12

77.98
76.11
62.00
79.73

76.59
75.15
61.85
79.32

75.26
73.6U
62.37
78.72

78.07
i 3.04

74.70
71.05

78.91

75.3b

41.5
41.3
42.7

41.2
41.4
42.7

40.8
41.1
42.2

40.0
39.7
42.0

40.4
39.7
42.2

40.1
39.3
41.9

40.4
40.4
42.3

41.1
41.4
42.5

41.1
41.5
42.2

40.8
40.9
42.2

41.7
40.9
42.8

41.2
40.5
42.5

40.9
40.6
42.5

40.9
40.9
42.5

39.1
46.1
41.1
41.9
39.6
42.4

36.9
45.4
41.0
41.3
40.5
42.3

37.2
44.4
40.6
42.2
39.2
40.8

36.3
42.7
40.0
40.3
38.2
40.5

37.8
43.4
39.9
41.9
39.6
40.1

37.0
43.8
39.7
40.8
39.3
39.4

37.5
44.1
39.6
40.9
39.4
39.3

37.3
44. 5
40.3
46.3
40.2
39.7

37.3
45.0
40.7
46.6
40.2
39.8

38.3
45.3
40.4
40.3
40.7
40.1

41.2
45.5
41.0
41.6
41.3
40.5

39.9
45.6
40.8
41.8
40.3
40.9

38.7
44.7
40.4
42. 5

38.2
44.8
40.2
43. 5

40.2

40.1

41.7
40.3
42.2
38.4
41.0
40.8

41.9
38.7
40.8
37.0
40.6
40.6

41.4
34.7
35.6
34.0
39.8
40.3

41.9
37.3
37.7
37.3
40.3
40.2

42.4
36.3
36.7
37.1
40.0
39.9

42.5
38.5
39.1
37.7
39.8
40.4

43.0
40.0
41.0
38.4
40.5
40.9

43.4
38.9
41.0
39.0
40.5
40.7

43.1
40.0
37.8
38.6
40.5
40.7

42.9
41.5
40.1
38.1
40.3
39.8

42.6
37.8
39.2
38.0
40.6
40.6

42.7
38.6
39.1

40.7
41.1

41.9
39.2
40.3
38.5
40.4
40.4

40.6
40.7

42.4
39.0
39. 5
37.6
39.9
40.0

42.5

42.6

43.0

43.3

41.9

42.4

42.4

42.4

43.1

42.8

42.8

42.4

42.8

42.7

41.4

40.7
40.5
38.4

40.9
40.5
38.5

42.2
41.3
38.6

42.6
40.9
38.9

42.4
41.0
38.4

41.3
40.3
38.2

42.8
43.2
39.8
41.6

41.7
43.0
40.0
41.1

41.4
42.7
39.9
41.1

40.9
42.3
40.5
41.0

42.2
41.5
40.4
41.1

41.5
40.6
39.7
40.3

$2.23
2.43
2.28

$2.22
2.42
2.29

$2.21
2.41
2.25

$2.24
2.43
2.26

$2.17
2.36
2.19

1.91

1.90

1.90

1.85

2.29
2.47
1.94
2.61

2.27
2.46
1.93
2.55

2.26
2.30

2.19
2.19

2.57

2.49

2.15
1.80
2.28
1.56

2.14
1.85
2.29
1.55

2.06
1.78
2.17

1.65

1.64

1.63
1.58

79.15 75.48 80.46
74.80 71.86 75.47
61.54 60.61 61.29
79.73 78.98 80.73
Average weekly hours

41.8
40.8
37.4

41.4
41.1
37.0

41.1
41.1
37.6

40 2
4(1 2
39.2

41.8
41.2
38.7

42.1
41.4
38.9

41.7
41.2
38.5

41.0
40.5
37.0

42.0
40.8
37.7

41.8

41.0
41.2
40.6
41.1

42.8
41.6
41.1
42.4

42.4
40.6
40.8
41.3

41.9
40.3
40.1
40.6

42.6
42.5
40.1
41.1

$2.31
2.46
2.34

$2.31
2.45
2.34

$2.32
2.46
2.33

$2.31
2.46
2.31

$2.31
2.49
2.31

$2.31
2.48
2.31

$2.29
2.48
2.30

$2.28
2.47
2.29

$2.26
2.46
2.29

1.93
2.34
2.34
2.57

1.98
2.32
2.33
2.53

1.99
2.32
2.32
2.61
1.98
2.63

2.33
2.30
2.61
1.98
2.62

1.98
2.35
2.29
2.50
1.96
2.63

1.98
2.35
2.30
2.48
1.95
2.59

1.95
2.35
2.29
2.37
1.94
2.59

1.93
2. 35
2.29
2.08
1.93
2.63

2.34
2.30
2.08
1.92
. 61

2

1.90
2.29
2.28
2.19
.92
2.58

2.14

2.12

2.33
2 36
2 33
1 99
2.63
2.25
86

1

2.00 2.00
2.66 2.63
2.22 2.21
2.23
2.02
2.03
2.04

.

1.71
1.66

2.35
1.60
1.70
1.65

.

1.73

1.72

.

68.00

92.65
73.15
90.32
59.57
67.26

92.86
69.70
85.51
58.99

91.76
73.11

72.49

2 43

.

66

90.67
68.71
82.95
53.72
67.26
66.50

74.91

$2.27

broad

92.60
78.17
96.29
58.46
69.02
.99

76.31
71.28
62.37

40.1
40.6

Tobacco manufactures------------Cigarettes—..............................

68.68
66.66

92.57
81.81
98.75
61.44
69. 70
67.32

88.04
95.27

74.39

42.4
39 6

Sugar____________________
Confectionery and related products.
.
Beverages___ ____________
Miscellaneous food and kindred
.
products________________

87.34
69.42
85.72
56.02
65.04
63.20

93.44
79. 97
94.71
61.60

70.67

77.04
72.04
63.41

40 9
41.7

Food and kindred products................... .
Meat products--------------------------Dairy products-------------------------Canned and preserved food, except
meats________________________

$88. 75
yb. 52
93.08

101.11

76.49
71.28
63.08

45.4
40. 5

Yarn and thread.

695.87 $95.17 $94.66 $92.40 $93.32 $92.63 $92.52 $93.71 $92.89 $90.98 $92.57 $91.05 $91.62
97.66 98. 85 97.46 00.19 02.26 .02.09 99.39 98.98 97.61 98. 66
101.60 101.43
99.92 99.92 98.33 97.02 97.48 96. 79 97.29 97.33 96.64 96.22 98.01 95.63 96.05
75.46 73.06 74.03 72.96 74.84 73.26 73.13 71.99 70.12 72.77 78.69 75.81 73.53
L07. 87 L05.33 .03.01 99.49 .01.99 02.93 L03.64 104.58 105.30 103.74 104.20 103.06
96.17 95.53 94.19 92.00 91.37 91.31 90.68 92.29 93.61 92.11 93.89 92.62 91.30
107.68 104.49 110.14 105.18 104.75 101.18 96.93 96.30 96.93 88.26 102.75 102.83 97.75
79.20 81.00 77.62 75.64 77.62 76.64 76.44 77.59 77.18 78.14 80.12 77. 78 76.61
112.78 111.25 107.30 106.11 105.46 102.05 101.79 104.41 103.88 103.46 105.71 104.30 103.31

73.27

41.4
4(1 9
42.5

Food and kindred products.......... ..........
Meat products__________________
Dairy products--------------------------Canned and preserved food, except
meats------------------------------------Grain mill products--------------------Bakery products............. ....................
Sugar........ ..................................
Confectionery and related products.
Beverages................................. ...........
Miscellaneous food and kindred
products______________________
Tobacco manufactures---------------------Cigarettes---------------------------------Cigars.....................................................
Textile mill products.----------------------Cotton broad woven fabrics.............
Silk and synthetic broad woven
fabrics...............................................
Weaving and finishing broad
woolens---------------------------------Narrow fabrics and smallwares----Knitting-----------------------------------Finishing textiles, except wool and
knit________________ _____ ____


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Jan.

Average weekly earnings

Manufacturing—Continued

fabrics............ .
Weaving and finishing
woolens______
Narrow fabrics a]
Knitting...............
Finishing textiles
knit_________
Floor covering.

Annual
average

1962

1963
Industry

2.34
1.60
1.70
1.65

2.36
1.58
1.70
1.65

1.73

1.73

2.01

1

2.19
1.98
2.33
1.58
1.69
1.65

2.19
1.96
2.34
1.57
1.70
1.65

2.19
1.92
2.33
1.59
1.70
1.65

2.18
1.90
2.31
1.58
1.69
1.65

2.33
1.54
1.69
1.65

2.34
1.57
1.69
1.65

1.71
2.29
1.57
1.69
1.65

2.14
1.71
2.32
1.57
1.69
1.64

1.73

1.73

1.73

1.73

1.74

1.74

1.74

1.73

1.73

1.72

1.66

1.83
1.71
1.62

1.83
1.72
1.62

1.82
.72
1.62

1.82
1.72
1.60

1.81
1.73
1.61

1.82
1.73
1.61

1.82
1.73
1.61

1.83
1.73
1.60

1.82
1.73
1.60

1.75
1.69
1.55

1.88

1.87
1.77
1.55
1.95

1.87
1.77
1.55
1.94

1.85
1.76
1.55
1.93

1.84
1.74
1.54
1.92

1.85
1.76
1.54
1.92

1.80
1.75

1.83
1.73
1.63

1.83
1.74
1.63

1.83
1.73
1.62

1.81
1.71
1.62

1.89

1.86

1.89
1.81
1.57
1.98

1.87
1.79
1.56
1.96

1.87
1.78
1.55
1.94

1.56
1.99

1.88

59.21

2.16

1.81
1 73
1.63

1.79
1.57
1.96

42.8
40.8
42.1
42.4
40.6
42.5
39.8
39.1
39.7
41.4
40.5
41.1
Average hourly earnings

68.11

1.88 1.88
1.80
1.56
1.94

1

1.85
1. 77
1.76
1.55
1.55
1.94 1 1.95

1.88 1.86

1.78
1.54
1.95

1.68 1.68

1.87

0.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
Annual
average

1962

1963
Industry
Aug.s July 2 June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

N ov.

Dec.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings

M anufacturing—C ontinued
N o n d u r a b le goods— C ontinued

Apparel and related products.................
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats__
M en’s and boys’ furnishings-.........
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’
outerwear_____________________
Women’s and children’s undergar­
ments________________________
Hats, caps, and millinery..................
Girls’ and children’s outerwear.......
Fur goods and miscellaneous ap­
parel................. ............... .................
Miscellaneous fabricated textile
products______________________
Paper and allied products____________
Paper and pulp___ ______ ________
Paperboard..........................................
Converted paper and paperboard
products...........................................
Paper board containers and boxes..
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tries................................. ............... ..........
Newspaper publishing and printing.
Periodical publishing and printing.
Books___ _________________
Commercial printing...............
Bookbinding and related industries.
Other publishing and printing in­
dustries__________________
Apparel and related products.................
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats__
M en’s and boys’ furnishings_____
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’
outerwear_____________ _____ _
Women’s and children’s undergar­
ments________________________
Hats, caps, and millinery________
Girls’ and children's outerwear___
Fur goods and miscellaneous ap­
parel_________________________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile
products______________________
Paper and allied products.......................
Converted paper and paperboard
products______________________
Paperboard containers and b o x es..
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tr ie s.........................................................
Books_____ ______ _
Commercial printing.
Other publishing and printing in­
dustries_________________
Apparel and related products.
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’
outerwear_____________________
Women’s and children’s undergar­
ments______ ______ ______
Girls’ and children’s outerwear.
Fur goods and miscellaneous ap­
parel.................... .............. ...........
Miscellaneous fabricated textile
Paper and allied products___________
Paper and pulp.................................. .
Paperboard...... ...................................
Converted paper and paperboard
products_____________ ______ _
Paperboard containers and boxes..
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tries............................. ..............................
Newspaper publishing and printing.
Periodical publishing and printing.
Books....... ................................
Commercial printing......... ...
Bookbinding and related industries.
Other publishing and printing in­
dustries_________________
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$63.15 $61. 71 $61.35 $61.52 $60.16 $62.59 $61.54 $60.35 $60.31 $61.18 $60.67 $62.05 $62.36 $61.18
77.59 74.57 78.17 74.03 70. 76 73.48 72.93 71.57 73.13 72. 54 71.57 74.09 73.89 72.54
54. 58 54.34 54.05 53.91 52.48 53.28 52.91 52. 85 52.82 53. 77 53. 77 54.48 54.81 53.53

$58.06
67.78
49.87

67.08

65.36

62.68

64. 33

64.67

68.35

66.28

63.65

62.79

63.50

62.65

65.23

67.16

64.45

61.61

57.51

55.94
67.16
56.30

56.00
64.79
56.61

56.15
62.48
55.85

53.86
60.16
52.44

56.52
69.38
55.54

55.02
. 76
55.85

66

54.11
63.70
54.67

55.33
64.97
52.50

57.38
62.11
53.45

56.70
63.70
53. 35

57.22
. 79
54.93

66

56.47
68.81
55.69

55.48
65.52
54.72

54.02
63.19
52. 75

64.98

64.80

63.19

58.47

62.83

61.06

63.19

67.16

67.71

66.07

66.25

64.78

64.98

62.65

.43 66.39 65.28 64.39 64.26
65.91 64.70 66.85 66.47 64.90 65.02 64.47 64.18 65.88
107.82 107.25 106. 21 104.55 102.24 104.13 102.97 103. 21 104.43 103.28 103. 28 104.49 103. 39
120. 87 120.60 117.31 116.87 114. 23 116.42 115.02 115.46 115.46 114.23 113.45 114.06 113. 36 112.92
122.30 122.30 119.97 117.48 115.01 117.40 115.02 114.93 119.08 115.01 113.45 116. 77 117.64 114.22

102.00

62. 75
99.45
109.69
109.44

90.64
94.24

87. 54
91.10

56.58

66

94.08
98.14

92.74
96.28

110.88

110.30
111.91 111.91
118.59
106.40
113.29 112.03
87.81 86.85

36.3
36.2
38.0

92.77
94.66

90.61
94.69

91.24
96.22

92.13
97.78

110.21 108.20

107.16
107.16
106.65
100.84
109. 52
. 71

109.24
113.22
113.15
100.04
111.50
87.01

108.49
113.09
111. 15
97.64
109.98
85.19

107.82
111.13
113.43
98.11
109. 70
85.86

109.24
111.75
117.86
102.16
111.39
.53

110.11

109.54 119.59 109.73 110. 59

108.96

36.2
37.2
37.7

35.4
35.3
36.4

110. 69
108.97
113.20 113.52 111. 19
115.49 112. 58 113. 58
105.97 106.14 103.28
110.58
112.32
88.24 88.69 87.17

109.74
116.18
103. 57
113.18

110.21

112.22

115.62 113.58 112.60
36.5
36.6
37.9

91.84
92.80

91.43
94.30

91.84
94.99

88.01

108.42
112.97
100.98
110.87
85.95

86

112.01 111.81

36.3
37.4
37.8

36.4
37.2
37.7

91.52
95.37

90.98
92.97

90.09
92.75

93.60
97.44

115.71 114. 55 113.68 112.23
Average weekly hours
35.9
36.2
35.5
35.6
36.6
36.7
37.5
37.4
37.3
36.1
37.2
37.0
36.7
37.0
36.7

36.2
37.2
37.6

35.9
36.7
37.6

88

108.29 107.62 105.05
109.99 110.35 107.45
115.54 111.95 109.81
99.06
101.18 99.85
110. 54 no. 15 106.20
82.35
87.30 85. 91

36.5
37.8
38.1

36.9
37.7
38.6

34.4

34.4

33.7

34.4

34.4

35.6

34.7

33.5

33.4

33.6

32.8

33.8

34.8

34.1

33.3

37.1

36.8
36.3
36.8

36.6
36.4
37.0

36.7
35.7
36.5

35.2
33.8
34.5

36.7
37.1
36.3

36.2
35.7
36.5

35.6
35.0
35.5

36.4
36.5
35.0

37.5
34.7
35.4

37.3
35.0
35.1

37.4
36.3
35.9

37.4
37.6
36.4

36.5
36.2
36.0

36.5
35.7
35.4

36.5

36.1

36.0

35.5

34.6

35.7

35.5

35.7

36.3

36.6

36.3

36.6

36.6

36.1

35.8

38.1
43.3
44.6
44.8

37.4
42.9
44.5
44.8

38.2
43.0
44.1
44.6

38.2
42.5
44.1
44.0

37.3
41.9
43.6
43.4

37.8
42.5
44.1
44.3

37.7
42.2
43.9
43.9

37.1
42.3
43.9
43.7

38.3
42.8
43.9
44.6

38.4
42.5
43.6
43.4

38.6
42.5
43.3
43.3

38.4
43.0
43.7
44.4

38.1
42.9
43.6
44.9

37.8
42.5
43.6
44.1

37.8
42.5
43.7
43.6

42.0
42.3

41.4
41.5

41.6
42.0

41.0
41.3

40.4
40.5

41.0
41.0

40.8
40.6

41.0
40.7

41.6
41.7

41.0
41.9

41.1
42.2

41.5
42.7

41.6
42.2

41.2
41.7

41.1
41.6

38.5
36.1
39.2
39.2

38.3
36.1
40.2
41.4
38.9
38.6

38.3
36.4
40.1
40.6
39.0
38.7

38.4
36.5
39.5
41.3
39.1
38.9

38.1
36.1
39.3
40.5
38.8
38.4

38.4
36.1
40.2
40.3
39.3
38.6

38.1
35.9
39.5
39.6
38.9
38.2

38.0
35.6
38.5
39.7
38.7
38.2

38.6
37.0
39.7
39.7
39.4
38.5

38.2
36.6
39.0
38.9
39.0
38.2

38.1
36.2
39.8
39.4
38.9
38.5

38.6
36.4
40.5
40.7
39.5
39.7

38.4
36.3
40.4
40.8
39.2
39.5

38.3
36.3
39.7
40.1
39.2
38.7

38.2
36.3
39.5
40.6
38.9
38.3

38.8

38.5

38.3

38.1

37.9

38.3

38.4

38.1

38.4

38.5

$1.73

2.12
1.44

$1.70
2.06
1.43

$1.69
2. 09
1.43

$1.69
1.99
1.43

$1.69
1.96
1.43

38.5
38.7
38.8
38.7
Average hourly earnings
$1.71 $1.70 $1.70 $1.68 $1.69
1.95
1.95
1.95
1.95
1.97
1.43
1.44
1.42
1.43
1.44

$1.69
1.95
1.43

$1.70
1.96
1.43

$1.69
1.96
1.42

$1.69
1.95
1.42

$1.64
1.92
1.37

1.95

1.90

38.7

1.86

1.87

1.88

1.92

1.91

1.90

1.88

1.89

1.91

1.93

1.93

1.89

1.85

1.53
1.78
1.53

1.53
1.75
1.53

1.53
1.78
1.52

1.54
1.87
1.53

1.52
1.87
1.53

1.52
1.82
1.54

1.52
1.78
1.50

1.53
1.79
1.51

1.52
1.82
1.52

1.53
1.84
1.53

1.51
1.83
1.53

1.52
1.81
1.52

1.48
1.77
1.49

1.55

1.52
1.85
1.53
1.80

1.80

1.78

1.69

1.76

1.72

1.77

1.85

1.85

1.82

1.81

1.77

1.80

1.75

1.73
2.49
2. 71
2.73

1.73
2. 50
2. 71
2.73

1.75
2.47
. 66
2.69

1.74
2.44
2.62
2.65

1.72
2.45
2.64
2.65

1.71
2.44
2.62
2.62

1.73
2.44
2. 63
2.63

1.72
2.44
2.63
2.67

1.73
2.43
2.62
2.65

1.72
2.43
2.62
2.62

1.70
2.43
2.61
2.63

1.69
2.41
2.60
2.62

1.70
2.40
2.59
2.59

1.66

2

1.74
2.46
2.65
2.67

2.24
2.32

2.24
2.32

2.25
2.32

2.24
2.30

2.23
2.29

2.23
2.30

2.23
2.29

2.24
2.28

2.23
2.27

2.89
3.11

2.86

2.87
3.04
2.89
2.57

2.84
3.02

2.83
3.06
2.85
2. 52
2. 83
2.26
2.90

1.55

2.88 2.88

3.10

2.89
2.24
2.98

2. 25

2.28

2.87
3.11
2.85
2. 57
2.87
2.28

2.95

2.94

2.94

3.10
2.95
2.57

2.88
2.61
2.88 2.88

3.08
2.89
2. 55
2.85
2.27
2.95

2.88
2.28

2. 55
2.85
2.25

2.82
3.01
2.77
2. 54
2.83
2.27

2.99

2.96

2.93

2.86

2.21 2.22 2.22 2.20 2.20
2.26

2.28

2.29

2.84
3.09
2. 85
2.51
2.82
2.23

2.83
3.07
2.85
2.49
2.82
2.23

2.83
3.07
2.91
2.51
2.82
2.23

2.34
2.51
2.51

2.26

2.26

2.13
2.19

2.82
3.03

2.81
3.04
2.82
2.49
2.81

2.75
2.96
2.78
2.44
2. 73
2.15

2.86
2.48
2.82

2.21 2.22
2.86 2.86 2.88 2.88 2.88

2.83

1242

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—-Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June
Manufacturing—Continue d
N o n d u r a b l e g o o d s — Continued
Chemicals and allied products_______
Industrial chemicals___________
Plastics and synthetics, except
glass.............................................
Drugs_______________ ______
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods__
Paints, varnishes, and allied products ............ ................................
Agricultural chemicals__________
Other chemical products________

May

Annual
average

1962

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

*

Average weekly earnings

I
$111.79 $113.57 $113.42 $112. 59 $113.40 $111.37 $110.83 $111.10 $112.17 $110. 95 $110. 54 $110.81 $110.12 $109. 98 $106.81
124.53 128.33 127. 60 126. 58 130.82 126.46 126.16 126.05 127. 56 126.65 125. 63 125. 52 124.09 124. 68 120.93
110.43 114.36 113. 94 111.76 113. 55 110.27 109.33 109.59 111. 19 109.45 108.77 109.82 109. 41 109. 52 107.07
100.12 99.79 100.04 99. 38 98.98 100.70 100.45 100.85 101.02 100.53 100. 60 98.57 98.23 98.40 94.37
107.94 106. 49 107.27 105. 41 103. 83 104. 49 103.86 103.97 104.70 104. 55 104.70 106.14 105.06 103.89 100.45
106.40 107. 84 106.50 108. 36 103.48 103.38 102.21 101. 71 102 31 101. 66 100.75 101. 75 102.34 101. 59 97.85
92. 62 91.52 92.44 97.83 99.70 91.08 89.68 89. 68 90.30 89.46 89.25 90.10 87.13 88. 39 84.38
106.30 108.52 107.94 107. 59 105.37 104.45 104. 65 105.83 107.10 105.25 105.16 105.75 104.67 103. 75 100.77

Petroleum refining and related industries.................................................... 130.21 133. 35 133.25 131. 57 133.77 128. 61 126.36 130. 62 126. 99 127.71 127.19 131.09 126.35 126.88 124.31
Petroleum refining_____________ 134. 39 138. 61 138. 53 137.03 140.95 134.97 132. 68 137. 52 132.48 132. 57 130.88 135.24 129. 34 131.43 129.24
Other petroleum and coal products. 116.22 113.79 113.09 110.12 104.83 99.10 97.96 102.25 105. 34 108.03 113.03 115.32 113.40 107.75 102.10
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products_____ _________________ ___ 98. 58 100.44 100. 53 99.23 98.25 100.12 99.88 100. 37 101. 76 100. 61 100. 21 101.19 99.80 100.04 96.15
Tires and inner tubes__________ 125.45 130.40 128.88 124. 66 126.88 129. 36 128.32 129. 52 134. 55 132.75 132.11 131.78 131.70 130.47 121.88
Other rubber products__________ 94. 56 94.80 97.27 96.22 94.40 96.22 96.22 96.29 97.23 96. 59 95.71 96.88 94.83 95. 53 91.53
Miscellaneous plastic products__
87. 77 87.76 87. 56 87.13 85.24 87.13 86.51 86.72 86. 51 85.26 85.48 86.53 85.90 85.90 83.03
Leather and leather products _______
Leather tanning and finishing____
Footwear, except rubber________
Other leather products_________

67. 61 66.12
91.76 90.85
65.36 64.39
65.53 62.90

66.70 64.42 62.13 64. 58 64.70
93.75 91. 76 89. 38 88. 58 88. 36
64. 30 61.20 59.33 61.88 62. 33
64.09 62.56 60.52 63.04 62.87

65.60
88.84
63. 54
62.70

65.05
88.84
62. 66
62.42

64.03
87. 78
60. 67
63.67

62. 63
88.04
59.30
61.79

64.36
88.26
61.69
62.54

65.53
87.82
63. 67
62.37

64.67
87.42
62. 66
62. 58

62.83
84.35
60.15
61.07

r*

Average weekly hours
Chemicals and allied products___ . . .
Industrial chemicals___________
Plastics and synthetics, except
glass______________________
Drugs______________________
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods__
Paints, varnishes, and allied products_______________________
Agricultural chemicals.. _______
Other chemical products________

41.1
41.1

41.6
41.8

41.7
41.7

41.7
41.5

42.0
42.2

41.4
41.6

41.2
41.5

41.3
41.6

41.7
42.1

41.4
41.8

41.4
41.6

41.5
41.7

41.4
41.5

41.5
41.7

41.4
41.7

40.9
40.7
41.2

42.2
40.4
40.8

42.2
40.5
41.1

41.7
40.4
40.7

41.9
40.4
40.4

41.3
41.1
40.5

41.1
41.0
40.1

41.2
41.5
40.3

41.8
41.4
40.9

41.3
41.2
41.0

41.2
41.4
40.9

41.6
40.9
41.3

41.6
41.1
41.2

41.8
41.0
40.9

41.5
40.5
41.0

41.4
42.1
41.2

41.8
41.6
41.9

41.6
42.6
42.0

42.0
45. 5
41.7

40.9
48.4
41.0

40.7
44.0
40.8

40.4
42. 5
41.2

40.2
42.3
41.5

40.6
42.0
42.0

40.5
42.0
41.6

40.3
42. 5
41.4

40.7
42. 5
41.8

41.1
41.1
41.7

40.8
42.7
41.5

40.6
42.4
41.3

Petroleum refining and related industries_________ ________________
Petroleum refining____________
Other petroleum and coal products.

41.6
40.6
45.4

42.2
41.5
44.8

42.3
41.6
44.7

41.9
41.4
43.7

42.2
42.2
42.1

40.7
40.9
39.8

40.5
40.7
39.5

41.6
41.8
40.9

41.5
41.4
41.8

41.6
41.3
42.7

41.7
40.9
44.5

42.7
42.0
45.4

41.7
40.8
45.0

41.6
41.2
43.1

41.3
40.9
42.9

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products---- ------------ -------------- ------Tires and inner tubes__________
Other rubber products__________
Miscellaneous plastic products___

40.2
38.6
39.9
41.4

40.5
40.0
40.0
41.2

40.7
39.9
40.7
41.3

40.5
39.2
40.6
41.1

40.1
39.9
40.0
40.4

40.7
40.3
40.6
41.1

40.6
40.1
40.6
41.0

40.8
40.1
40.8
41.1

41.2
41.4
41.2
41.0

40.9
41.1
41.1
40.6

40.9
40.9
40.9
40.9

41.3
40.8
41.4
41.4

40.9
40.9
40.7
41.1

41.0
40.9
41.0
41.1

40.4
39.7
40.5
40.7

Leather and leather products_______
Leather tanning and finishing____
Footwear, except rubber________
Other leather products_________

38.2
40.6
38. C
38.1

38.0
40.2
38.1
37.0

37.9
41.3
37.6
37.7

36.6
40.6
36. C
36.8

35.5
39.9
34.9
35.6

36.9
39.9
36.4
37.3

37.4
39.8
37.1
37.2

37.1
40.2
37.6
37.1

37.6
40.2
37.3
37.6

36.8
39.9
35.9
37.9

36.2
40.2
35.3
37.0

37.2
40.3
36.5
37.9

38.1
40.1
37.9
37.8

37.6
40.1
37.3
37.7

37.4
39.6
36.9
37.7

i-

ct

Average hourly earnings
Chemicals and allied products_______
Industrial chemicals................ .
Plastics and synthetics, except
glass____ _______ ____ _ .
Drugs___________ .. _______
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods__
Paints, varnishes and allied produ cts___________________ _
Agricultural chemicals_________
Other chemical products________

$2.72 $2.73
3. OS 3.07

$2.72
3.06

$2.70 $2.70 $2. 69 $2. 69 $2.69
3.05 3.1C 3.01
3.01 3.0c

$2.69 $2.68 $2. 67 $2.67
3.05 3.0c 3.02 3.01

$2. 66 $2.65 $2.58
2.9S 2.90
2. 9t

2.70
2.46
2. 62

2.71
2.47
2.61

2.7C
2.47
2. 61

2. 68
2.46
2.55

2. 71
2. 45
2.57

2.67
2.45
2. 58

2.66
2.45
2.59

2. 66
2. 4c
2. 58

2.66
2.41
2.56

2. 65
2.44
2.55

2. 64
2.4c
2.56

2.64
2. 41
2.57

2.6c
2.3S
2.55

2.62
2. 40
2.54

2.58
2.33
2.45

2.57
2.2(
2.58

2.58
2.2(
2. 59

2. 56
2.17
2.57

2. 58
2.15
2. 58

2.5c
2.06
2.57

2.51
2.07
2.56

2. 53
2.11
2.54

2.53
2.12
2.55

2.52
2.15
2. 55

2.51
2.13
2.53

2.50
2.10
2.54

2.50
2.12
2.53

2.49
2.12
2.51

2.49
2.07
2.50

2.41
1.99
2.44

Petroleum refining and related industries__ __________ __________
Petroleum refining. _________
Other petroleum and coal products.

3. i;
3.31
2.56

3. If
3.34
2.54

3.15
3.33
2.53

3. V
3.31
2.52

3.17
3.34
2.49

3.16
3. 30
2.49

3 12
3 26
2.48

3.1'
3 20
2.50

3 06
3 26
2.52

3 07
3 21
2.53

3.05
3 20
2.54

3 07
3 22
2.54

3.17
2.52

o;

3 05
3 19
2.50

3.01
3.16
2.38

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products________ ______ ____
Tires and inner tubes___ ______
Other rubber products.. _______
Miscellaneous plastic products___

2.45
3.25
2.37
2.12

2.4$
3.26
2.37
2.13

2. 46
3 21
2 37
2.12

1.66

2. 45
3. 23
2.34
2.0C
1 71
2. IS
1 69
1. 6.'

2. 4'
3 22
2. 33
2. OS
17
2. IS
1.68
1.65

2.38
3 07
2.26
2.04

Î.6S

2. 46
3 23
2 35
2.1C
1 74
2.20
1 66

2.4'
3 19
2.33
2. OS

2.22
1 70
1.69

2 46
3 23
2 36
2.11
1 74
2.21

2. 45
3 23
2 34
2. OS

2.24
1. 70
1.70

2 46
3 20
2 37
2.11
1 71
2.22
168
1.69

2. 47
3 2/5
2 36
2.11

1 74
2. 26
1. 65
1.70

2.45
3.18
2.37
2.12
1 76
2.26
1 70
1. 70

2.45
3.18
2.36
2.11

1. 77
2.26
1. 72
1.72

2.47
3. 23
2.39
2.12
1 76
2.27
1. Ti
1.70

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing____
Footwear, except rubber. ______
Other leather products_________
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1 60

1 7.1
2.
1 21
68

1.68

1 71

lis
1 68
1.67

3

172

2. IS
1. 68

1.6€

s,

2.13
1.63
1.62

«

1243

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
Annual
average

1962

1963
Industry
Aug.2 Ju ly 2 June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads 3______________
Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportationintercity and rural buslines_____
Motor freight transportation and storage-----------------------------------------Pipeline transportation____________
C ommunication:
Telephone communication______
Telegraph communication 4-------Radio and television broadcasting.
Electric, gas, and sanitary services__
Electric companies and systems...
Gas companies and systems_____
Combined utility systems---------Water, steam, and sanitary sys
terns_______________________

$118. 25 $116.48 $117.85 $117. 94 $114. 26 $118. 21 $115.87 $112. 94
$101. 94 $103. 63 $102.48 $100.38 $99. 72 $100.32 98.83 100.01 100.25 100.01 99.59 100. 39 100.11 98.24
133.02 124.27 122.69 123.12 118.29 121.39 123. 52 115. 51 116.48 118.15 124.32 128. 24 118.40 110.76
119. 70 118. 58 117.31 115.36 114. 95 114.39 111.93 115. 23 113.30 113.98 116. 20 115. 78 113.30 108. 58
139.06 140. 56 137.16 138.45 135.94 138.63 138. 58 139. 52 131. 78 130.07 135.05 130.09 132.76 131. 45
101. 71
112. 98
131.38
120. 72
124. 20
111.93
129. 27

102.00
113. 25
132.10
121.42
123. 55
112.74
131.14

101. 24
110.30
131.66
119. 72
121. 66
112. 20
129.15

99.94
108.16
135.04
119.31
120. 42
111.24
129.05

100. 58
107. 38
131. 99
119.02
120.13
112.07
128.43

101.09
108.05
131. 93
119. 60
119.43
113.44
129. 68

99.94
108.05
134.30
119.19
120. 42
111.38
128. 64

101.35
106.97
130. 93
120. 77
121. 60
113.98
130. 94

103.07
105.78
132. 78
119.07
119.89
110. 70
129.27

102.06
107. 74
131.14
118.78
120.30
110. 29
128. 23

102.31
109. 98
130.81
118. 53
120.06
111. 10
127.82

99.29
110. 08
126.10
116. 44
118.82
106.92
125. 97

98. 95
107.78
127. 20
116.85
118. 24
108. 53
126. 59

93.38
104. 33
120.12
112.07
112. 75
104.19
121. 77

97.64

97. 41

95.94

96.70

96.93

98.06

97. 23

96. 29

96.93

95.06

96. 88

94.66

94.66

92.62

Average weekly hours
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3..............................
Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportation.
Intercity and rural buslines______
Motor freight transportation and storage........................................................
Pipeline transportation_____________
Communication:
Telephone communication______
Telegraph communication 4--------Electric, gas, and sanitary services..
Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems......
Combined utility systems------Water, steam, and sanitary sys­
tems__________________

43.0

41.9

42.7

43.2

41.1

43.3

42.6

42.3

42.3
45.4

43.0
43 3

42.7
42.9

42.0
42.9

41.9
41.8

41.8
43.2

41.7
43.8

42.2
41.4

42.3
41.6

42.2
42.5

42.2
44.4

42.9
45.8

42.6
42. S

42.9
42.6

42.0
40.9

42.2
41.1

41.6
40.7

41.2
40.6

41.2
40.1

41.0
40.3

40.7
41.0

41.6
41.4

41.2
40.3

41.6
39.9

42.1
40.8

42.1
40.4

41.5
40.6

41.6
40.2

40.2
42.0
39.1
41.2
41.4
40.7
41.3

40.0
42.1
39.2
41.3
41.6
40.7
41.5

39.7
42.1
39.3
41.0
41.1
40.8
41.0

39.5
41.6
39.6
41.0
41.1
40.6
41.1

39.6
41.3
39.4
40.9
41.0
40.9
40.9

39.8
41.4
39.5
41.1
40.9
41.1
4L;

39.5
41.4
39.5
41.1
41.1
41.1
41.1

39.9
41.2
39.2
41.5
41.5
41.6
41.7

40.9
41. C
39.1
41.2
41.2
41. (
4L;

40.5
41.6
39.5
41.1
41.2
41. C
41.1

40.6
42.3
39.4
41.3
41.4
41.3
41.1

40.2
42.5
38.8
41.0
41.4
40.5
40.9

39.9
42.1
38.9
41.0
41.2
40.8
41.1

39.4
41.9
38.5
40.9
41.0
40.7
41.0

41.2

41.1

41.0

40.8

40.9

41.2

41.2

40.8

40.9

40.8

41.4

40.8

40.8

40.8

Average hourly earnings
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads 3---------------------Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportationintercity and rural buslines--------Motor freight transportation and stor­
age........ .................. ..............................
Pipeline transportation___________
Communication:
Telephone communication_______
Telegraph communication4--------Radio and television broadcasting..
Electric, gas, and sanitary services-----Electric companies and systems—
Gas companies and systems______
Combined utility systems— ...........
Water, steam, and sanitary sys­
tems—
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.75

$2.78

$2.76

$2.73

$2. 78

$2.73

$2.72

$2.67

$2.40
2.81

2.37
2.82

2.37
2.79

2.37
2.80

2.37
2.78

2.36
2.80

2.34
2.80

2.35
2.76

2.29
2.60

$2.41
2.93

$2.41
2.87

$2.40
2.86

$2.39
2.87

$2.38
2.83

2.85
3.40

2.81
3.42

2.82
3.37

2.80
3.41

2.79
3.39

2.79
3.44

2.75
3.38

2.77
3.37

2. 75
3.27

2.74
3.26

2.76
3.31

2.75
3.22

2.73
3.27

2.61
3.27

2. 53
2.69
3.36
2.93
3.00
2.75
3.13

2. 55
2.69
3.37
2.94
2.97
2.77
3.16

2. 55
2.62
3.35
2.92
2.96
2.75
3.15

2.53
2.60
3.41
2.91
2.93
2.74
3.14

2.54
2.60
3.35
2.91
2.93
2.74
3.14

2.54
2.61
3.34
2.91
2.92
2. 76
3.14

2.53
2.61
3.40
2.90
2.93
2.71
3.13

2.54
2.59
3.34
2.91
2.93
2.74
3.14

2.52
2. 58
3.37
2.89
2.91
2.70
3.13

2.52
2. 59
3.32
2.89
2.92
2.69
3.12

2.52
2.60
3.32
2.87
2.90
2.69
3.11

2.47
2.59
3.25
2.84
2.87
2.64
3.08

2.48
2.56
3.27
2.85
2.87
2.66
3.08

2.37
2.49
3.12
2.74
2.75
2.56
2.97

2.37

2.37

2.34

2.37

2.37

2.38

2.36

2.36

2.37

2.33

2.34

2.32

2.32

2.27

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1244
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228
Annual
average

1962

1963
Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings
Wholesale arid retail trade s____________
Wholesale trade _________________
Motor vehicles and automotive
equip men t __________________
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
____________________
Dry goods and ap p arel________
Groceries and related products___
‘Electrical goods ________ ______ _
Hardware,"plumbing, and heating
goods ______________________
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
___________________
"Retail trade 5
_________________
General merchandise stores
Department stores---------------Limited price variety stores__
Food stores _____________- ___
Grocery, meat, and vegetable
stores - _________________
Apparel and accessories stores ___
Men’s and hoys’ apparel stores.
Woman’s read v-to-wear stores —
Family clothing stores........... —
Shoe stores— ...........—.............

$78.79 $78.19 $77.39 $76.62 $76.42 $76.03 $76.03 $75.47 $75.26 $75.46 $76.05 $76.05 $75.08
99.96 100.12 99.47 98. 58 98. 58 97.93 97.36 98.74 97.44 97.03 97.68 96.46 96.22
92.82

89.46
94.24
92.72
86.53
97.53

94.66

94.66

94.24

93.15

92.96

93.86

89.91
101.59
64.01
50.52
55.04
37.28
63.01

69.31
55.62
67.84
49.42
55. 74
56.78

68.74
54.70
67.28
48.76
54.32
54.15

95.65

66.82
54.06
66.06
48.33
53.40
54.78

95.00

66.66
55.36
66.39
49.13
54.01
58.35

93.96

66.47
53.35
64.40
47.52
52.10
55.26

93.50

66.12
53.85
65.15
47.71
53.44
55.44

66. 69
55.20
66.77
48.67
53.82
56.28

95.30

66.36
55.89
67.23
49.84
54.87
57.61

94.60

94.83

93.26

92.97

96.05

94. 54

93.86

108.65 109.06 108.09 107.16 107.16 106.49 106.34 108.65 106.60 105.37 107.38 104.39 104.14
69.30 68.96 67.68 67.48 66.75 66.75 66.93 66.29 66.38 66.18 68.70 67.16 65.95
55.42 54.79 53.51 53.28 53.01 52.51 53.01 53.70 51.68 52.67 53.28 53.15 52. 59
60.20 59.68 58.31 57.80 57.12 56.45 57.12 57.70 55. 61 57.80 58.65 58.12 57.10
40.84 40.22 39.48 39.48 39.36 39.16 38.96 39.67 38.32 38.32 39.15 40.12 38.91
67.68 66.93 65.58 65.26 65.24 64.73 64.91 65.31 65.66 64.94 65.50 66.25 64.78

94.60

94. 66

93.83

93.41

100.60 100.65 99.75 99.50 99.75 99.75 98.65 99.29 99.94 98.80 99.54 97.84 97.84
90.62 90.86 90.64 92.38 91.48 91.96 91.10 92.83 92.37 92.37 92.88 92.37 92.48
95.18 94. 47 93.38 92. 51 91.65 90. 58 90.64 92.00 91.54 90.47 91.32 90.92 89.86
102.77 102. 77 101.85 101.71 102.21 102.87 102.56 103.48 102.97 102.97 102.91 100.04 101.59

94.89

92.74

$72.56
93.56

92.92

67.45
53.38
64.06
47.57
52.44
54.44

66.53
53.20
64.59
47.52
51.90
53.94

66.95
54.13
65.45
47.66
52.95
56.78

67.53
54.47
66. 53
47.89
54.00
56.83

66.22
53.63
65.82
47.46
52.45
55.61

64.44
51.90
64.67
45.77
51.91
52.97

38.4
40.6

38.5
40.6

38.8
40.7

39.2
40.7

38.7
40.6

38.8
40.5

Average weekly hours
Wholesale and retail trade 6____ _______
Wholesale trade ______ ________
Motor vehicles and automotive
equipment _______ ________ Drugs," chemicals, and allied products _______________________
Dry goods and ap p arel-------------Groceries and related products___
Electrical goods_______ ___
Hardware," plumbing, and heating
goods
__ __________ ___
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
____________________
"Retail trade 5
_________________
General merchandise stores---------Department stores__________
Limited price variety stores___
Food stores __________________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable
stores _________ ______ Apparel and accessories stores___
M en’s and boys’ apparel stores.
Women’s ready-to-wear stores.
Family clothing stores...............
Shoe stores..................................

38.5
40.6

38.5
40.4

38.4
40.4

41.7

41.7

41.7

41.4

40.1
37.7
41.8
40.3

39.9
37.3
41.5
40.1

39.8
37.4
41.3
40.2

39.9
37.8
41.1
40.4

39.2
40.8

38.9
40.7

41.8
40.4
37.6
42.3
40.3

38.4
40.3

38.4
40.4

38.9
40.8

41.4

41.5

41.7

41.7

41.9

41.9

42.2

42.0

42.0

39.9
38.0
40.8
40.5

40.1
37.8
41.2
40.7

40.2
38.2
42.2
40.9

40.3
37.7
41.8
40.7

40.0
37.7
41.5
40.7

40.3
37.3
41.7
41.0

40.1
37.7
41.9
40.5

40.1
37.9
41.6
40.8

40.1
38.0
41.4
40.3

40.6

40.7

40.7

40.6

40.5

40.3

40.8

40.9

40.4

40.6

40.7

40.4

40.6

40.5

41.0
38.5
35.3
34.8
33.2
36.0

41.0
38.1
34.9
34.3
32.7
35.6

41.1
37.6
34.3
33.9
32.1
34.7

40.9
37.7
34.6
34.2
32.9
34.9

40.9
37.5
34.2
33.8
32.0
34.7

40.8
37.5
34.1
33.6
32.1
34.8

40.9
37.6
34.2
33.6
32.2
34.9

41.0
38.1
35.8
35.4
34.2
35.3

41.0
37.5
34.0
33.5
32.2
35.3

41.0
37.6
34.2
34.0
32.2
35.1

41.3
37.9
34.6
34.3
32.9
35.6

41.1
38.6
35.2
34.8
34.0
36.4

41.0
37.9
34.6
34.4
32.7
35.4

40.8
38.1
34.6
34.4
32.7
35.8

36.1
35.2
37.9
34.8
35.5
34.0

35.8
34.4
37.8
34.1
35.5
31.3

34.8
34.0
36.7
33.8
34.9
31.3

34.9
34.6
37.3
34.6
35.3
32.6

34.8
34.2
36.8
33.7
34.5
32.7

34.8
34.3
36.6
33.6
34.7
33.6

35.1
34.5
37.3
33.8
34.5
33.5

35.3
35.6
38.2
35.1
36.1
33.3

35.5
34.0
36.4
33.5
34.5
32.6

35.2
34.1
36.7
33.7
34.6
32.3

35.8
34.7
37.4
33.8
35.3
33.6

36.5
35.6
37.8
34.7
36.0
35.3

35.6
34.6
37.4
33.9
35.2
33.3

36.0
34.6
37.6
33.9
35.8
32.9

Average hourly earnings
Wholesale and retail trade 5...................... —
Wholesale trade________________ ___
Motor vehicles and automotive
equipment _________________
Drugs* chemicals, and allied products — __________ _________
Dry goods and apparel---------------Groceries and related products____
Electrical goods________ _______
Hardware," plumbing, and heating
goods
_ _______ ______
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
________________ ___
Retail trade 5 . ____________ _____
General merchandise stores______
Department stores___ ______
Limited price variety stores__
Food stores. _____________ -- __
Grocery, meat, and vegetable
stores
Apparel and accessories stores___
* "Men’s and boys’ apparel stores.
Women’s ready-to-wear stores..
Family clothing stores_______
Shoe stores..................................
S ee fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.01
2.45

$2.01
2. 46

$2.01
2. 45

$1.99
2.44

$1.99
2.44

$1.98
2. 43

$1.98
2. 41

$1.94
2.42

$1.96
2.40

$1.96
2.39

$1.96
2.40

$1.94
2.37

$1.94
2. 37

$1. 87
2.31

2.27

2.27

2.27

2.26

2. 25

2.24

2.24

2. 25

2. 24

2.24

2.24

2. 21

2.21

2.13

2.47
2.49
2.19
2.51

2.44
2. 45
2.17
2.47

2.44
2.44
2.16
2.49

2.35
2.44
2.09
2. 42

2.49
2.41
2. 25
2. 55

2. 51
2. 41
2. 26
2.55

2.50
2.43
2.25
2. 54

2.50
2. 47
2. 24
2.53

2.50
2. 42
2. 23
2.53

2.50
2. 42
2. 22
2.54

2.46
2. 41
2.20
2. 52

2.47
2.43
2.18
2.53

2.48
2.45
2.19
2. 53

2.47
2.45
2.18
2. 53

2.33

2.36

2.35

2.34

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.33

2.34

2.33

2.33

2.30

2.29

2. 22

2. 65
1.80
1.57
1.73
1.23
1.88

2. 66
1. 81
1.57
1.74
1.23
1.88

2.63
1.80
1. 56
1.72
1. 23
1.89

2.62
1.79
1. 54
1.69
1.20
1.87

2. 62
1.78
1. 55
1.69
1.23
1.88

2. 61
1. 78
1. 54
1.68
1.22
1.86

2.60
1.78
1.55
1.70
1.21
1.86

2. 65
1.74
1.50
1.63
1.16
1.85

2.60
1. 77
1.52
1.66
1.19
1.86

2. 57
1.76
1.54
1.70
1.19
1.85

2.60
1.76
1.54
1.71
1.19
1. 84

2.54
1.74
1. 51
1. 67
1.18
1.82

2. 54
1.74
1. 52
1. 66
1.19
1.83

2.49
1.68
1.46
1.60
1.14
1.76

1.92
1.58
1.79
1.42
1.57
1.67

1.92
1.59
1.78
1.43
1.53
1.73

1.92
1. 59
1.80
1.43
1.53
1.75

1.91
1.60
1.78
1.42
1. 53
1.79

1.91
1.56
1. 75
1. 41
1. 51
1.69

1.90
1.57
1.78
1.42
1.54
1.65

1.90
1.60
1.79
1.44
1.56
1.68

1.88
1.57
1.76
1.42
1.52
1.73

1.90
1.57
1.76
1.42
1.52
1.67

1.89
1.56
1.76
1.41
1.50
1.67

1.87
1.56
1.75
1.41
1.50
1.69

1.85
1. 53
1.76
1.38
1.50
1. 61

1.86
1.55
1.76
1.40
1.49
1.67

1.79
1.50
1.72
1.35
1.45
1.61

1245

0.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box, p. 1228.
Annual
average

1962

1963
IndustryAug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Feb.

Mar.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Average weekly earnings

Wholesale and retail trade «—Continued
Retail trade «—Continued
Furniture and appliance stores__
Other retail trade___ _________
Motor vehicle dealers___ ___
Other vehicle and accessory
_____________ -dealers
Drug stores________ _______
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
_______________
Tanking
Serairtty dealers and exchanges .....

74.40
19.10
95.69
00.64
81.58

74.23
17. 26
95. 38
00.98
81.82

73.30 72.72 72.54
16.09 L12.66 109.10
94.57 94.13 93.94
00.14 99.57 99.44
80.22 79. 20 78.24

71.97 71.80 71. 80
11.25 10.68 L16. 95
93. 64 94.19 93.46
98.92 L00. 61 99.08
78.50 78.34 78.33

69.38
133.37
89. 75
95.12
74.39

80.60
77.64
97.45

80.79 $80.40 >82. 21
76.63 76. 63 76. 63
94.18 93.30 92.87

82.16
58.08

81.22
58.44

80.85
58.08

81.10
57.88

74. 77 74.40 74.40 74.23
118.82 123.77 124.19 119.06
96.35 96.13 95.57 95.44
101. 83 101.21 100. 25 100. 23
81.48 82.06 81.97 81.36

74.23
16.34
95. 71
00.83
81.18

84.36
60.59

Tiifp. insurance ______
___ —
Accident and health insurance-----Fire, marine, and casualty insnranee _
_ __ ___________
Services and miscellaneous:
Hotels and lodging places:
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels •„
Personal services:
Laundries, cleaning and dyeing
plants
_______________
Motion pictures:
Motion picture filming and dist r ih u tin g __________________

$77.64
73.57
88.44

82.21
58.24

83.63 i 80.98 580.57 $>81.58 >81.56 >80.75
77.19 76.63 76. 22 75.76 76.68 75.76
94. 61 95.70 93.52 91.12 93. 5l 93.08
81.84 78.58 79.82 80.70 81.33 80.08
58.30 57. 31 57. 67 58.09 58.59 57.41

82 Í82.62 >81.40
79.38 78. 81 78.06
98.34 98.99 98.33

m .

Wholesale and retail trade «—Continued
Retail trade «—Continued
Furniture and appliance stores----Other retail trade. _ _______ -Motor vehicle dealers__Other vehicle and accessory
dealers ________________
D rugstores-. ______________
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
B an k in g ..................................... - ..........

82.65
60.10

78.32
55.80

91.81

92.20

92.07

91.80

91.70

91.79

90. 51

89. 63

89.54

89.40

89.22

88.46

88. 61

85.08

48.60

47.36

47.86

46. 08

46.85

47.23

46.85

47.23

47.60

47.21

45.67

45.60

46.14

45.14

51.74

52. 67

52.54

52.40

50. 95

50.04

50. 69

50.57

50.70

50.83

50.83

50.44

50.57

49.28

130.36 128.89 121. 25 124.33 123.98 125. 52 125. 74 130.20 1122.52 126.60 126.17 123.46 122.27
Average weekly hours

120.50

40.8
42.0
43.9

40.9
41.7
43.8

40.7
41.3
43.7

40.5
41.3
43.7

40.6
41.2
43.6

40.4
41.2
43.6

40.7
41.2
43.6

41.4
41.5
43.8

40.9
41.2
43.7

40.9
41.2
43.7

41.2
41.4
43.6

41.4
41.9
43.9

41.2
41.4
43.7

41.3
41.8
44.0

44.4
37.4

44.2
37.1

43.7
36.3

43.9
36.3

43.7
36.3

43.6
36.4

44.2
36.4

44.0
36.9

43.9
36.5

44.1
36.5

44.1
37.0

44.2
37.8

44.0
36.8

44.5
37.2

37.2

37.2

37.2

37.3

37.3

37.2

37.3

37.4

37.1

37.2

37.1

37.2

37.2

37.1

40.5

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.7

38.7

38.7

40.0

39.1

39.6

38.9

39.6

39.5

39.4

38.6

38.2

38.4

38.6

38.7

39.1

39.1

39.1

38.9

38.8

Fire, marine, and casualty inServices and miscellaneous:
Hotels and lodging places:
Hotels, tourist courts, and m otels«.
Personal services:
Laundries, cleaning and dyeing
plants __ _________- ________
Motion pictures:
Motion picture filming and distrib-

Average hourly earnings
Wholesale and retail tra d e 5—Continued
Retail trade «—Continued
Furniture and appliance stores----Other retail trade. ____________
Motor vehicle dealers-----------Other vehicle and accessory
dealers
______________
Drug stores
_____________
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Banking---------------------------------------

................
...

$2.03
1.89
2.24

$2.02
1.89
2.26

$2.00
1.89
2.25

$1.99
1.88
2. 23

$1.99
1. 86
2.16

$1.99
1.86
2.14

$2.02
1.86
2.13

$2.02
1. 86
2.16

$1.98
1. 86
2.19

$1.97
1. 85
2.14

$1.98
1.83
2.09

$1.97
1.83
2.13

$1.96
1.83
2.13

$1. 88
1.76
2.01

1.90
1.62

1.87
1.62

1.88
1.60

1.85
1.61

1.85
1.60

1.86
1. 59

1.86
1.60

1. 86
1.58

1.79
1.57

1.81
1. 58

1. 83
1. 57

1.84
1.55

1.82
1. 56

1.76
1.50

2.01

2.00

2.00

1.99

1.99

2. 00

1.99

1.96

1. 96

1.95

1. 94

1.93

1.93

1. 87
...............

Accident and health insurance....
Fire, marine, and casualty inServices and miscellaneous:
Hotels and lodging places:
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels «
Personal services:
Laundries, cleaning and dyeing
p la n ts

______ - ______________

1.20

1. 23

1.24

1.20

1. 22

1.23

1. 22

1.23

1. 23

1. 22

1.18

1.14

1.18

1.14

1.33

1. 33

1.33

1. 33

1.32

1. 31

1.32

1.31

1.31

1.30

1.30

1.29

1.30

1.27

Motion pictures:
Motion picture filming and distrib_ For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, see footnote 1, table A-2. For employees covered, see footnote 1, table
A-3.
3 Preliminary.
s Based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by the Inter­
state Commerce Commission, which relate to all employees who received pay
during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
Group I).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

-

-

—

...................

Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
« Excludes eating and drinking places.
., „
,
« Money payments only, additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
t

Source. TJ.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for
series except that for Class 1 railroads. (See footnote 3.)

all

1246
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

C-2. Average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, of production workers in selected industries 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

Industry division and group
Aug.2 Ju ly 2 ! June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

Mining______________________ _______________ ____________

41.0

42.2

41.9

41.6

41.0

41.5

41.3

40.8

41.0

40.9

41.2

41.1

Contract construction........................................... ..............................

37.3

37.6

37.5

37.5

37.3

36.1

37.0

36.1

36.8

36.8

37.4

37.1

Manufacturing____ ___________________ ____________

40.3

40.4

40.5

40.5

40.1

40.5

40.3

40.4

40.2

40.4

40.2

40.7

40.2

Durable goods_____________________________ ____
Ordnance and accessories________ ____________
Lumber and wood products, except furniture____
Furniture and fixtures____ ___________________
Stone, clay, and glass products________________
Primary metal industries___________ ____ ______
Fabricated metal products_______ ______ _____
M achinery...____ _________________ ________
Electrical equipment and supplies............... ..........
Transportation equipment______ _____________
Instruments and related products_____ ____ ___
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries________

41.0
41.2
40.4
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.5
41.7
40.3
41.3
40.7
39.6

41.2
4L 0
40. 5
41. 2
41.3
41.1
41. 2
41.6
40. 7
42.0
40. 6
39.6

41.3
41.4
40.1
40.9
41. 5
41.7
41.2
41.7
40.4
42.2
40. 7
39.5

41.1
40.9
39.5
40.9
41.6
41.6
41.4
41.5
40.4
41.9
40. 8
39.6

40.7
40.4
39.9
40.5
41.3
41.3
40.9
41.2
40.1
41.4
40.5
39.2

41.0
40. 7
39.9
40.7
41.4
40.5
41.2
41.6
40.3
41.8
41.0
39.6

41.0
41.4
40.1
40.9
40.9
40.6
41.3
41.7
40.4
41.9
41.1
39.8

40.9
41.2
39.9
40.8
40.8
40.3
41.3
41.7
40.3
42.5
40.6
39.6

41.1
41.2
39.9
40.4
40.5
40.2
41.1
41.7
40.4
42.4
40.8
39.4

40.9
41.1
39.9
40.6
41.0
40.0
41.1
41.6
40.4
42.3
40.9
39.2

40.8
41.0
39.5
40.6
41.1
39.7
41.1
41.6
40.4
42.2
40.7
39.4

41.2
41.2
40.2
40. 7
41.2
40.1
41.0
41.8
40.6
42.3
40.9
40.0

40. 9
41.2
40. 3
40.6
41. 2
39. 7
40.9
41. 7
40.5
41. 8
41.0
39.7

Nondurable goods................................................. ...........
Food and kindred products__________ ________
Tobacco manufactures_______________________
Textile mill products_________________________
Apparel and related products__________________
Paper and allied products____________________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries....... ......
Chemicals and allied products_________________
Petroleum refining and related industries...... ........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products______
Leather and leather products__________________

39.5
41.0
39.3
40.5
35.6
42.9
38.4
41.2
41.6
40.0
37.7

39.5
40.9
39.8
40. 4
36.0
42. 7
38.4
41.6
41.5
40.2
37.0

39.6
41.0
39.7
40.5
36.0
42.7
38.3
41.4
41.9
40.1
37.3

39.7
40.8
39.0
40.6
36.4
42.6
38.4
41.6
41.9
40.4
37.3

39.3
40.7
35.6
40.2
35.9
42.2
38.3
41.8
42.3
40.7
36.8

39.8
41.1
39.2
40. 7
36.5
42.8
38.4
41.6
41.3
41.1
36.9

39.7
40.9
37.6
40.3
36.3
42.7
38.4
41.4
41.3
41.1
37.1

39.6
40.8
39.2
40.2
36.3
42.7
38.2
41.4
41.7
41.0
36.8

39.4
41.0
38.8
40.3
36.0
42.8
38.1
41.7
42.0
41.0
36.9

39.5
41.0
39.2
40.0
36.1
42.5
38.1
41.4
41.6
40.8
37.0

39.3
40.6
38.4
40.2
36.0
42.3
38.1
41.5
41.6
40.8
37.2

39.8
41.0
38.9
40. 4
36.8
42.6
38.4
41.5
42.0
41.1
38.0

39 5
40 8
37 5
40. 4
36.0
42.5
38 3
41 5
41.7
40. 7
37.6

38.7
40. 5
37.9

38.7
40. 6
37.9

38.7
40.6
37.8

38.7
40.5
37.9

38.6
40.6
37.8

38.7
40.6
37.8

38.6
40.5
37.8

38.7
40.6
37.9

38.7
40.6
37.9

38.7
40.5
37.9

38.8
40.6
37.9

38 7
40.6
37.9

Wholesale and retail trade 3.
Wholesale trade______
Retail trade3_________
1 For employees covered, see footnote 1, table A-3.
2 Preliminary.
3 Excludes eating and drinking places.

T able

N ote : The seasonal adjustment method used is described in “ N ew
Seasonal Adjustment Factors for Labor Force Components,” M o n th ly Labor
August 1960, pp. 822-827.

R e v iew ,

C-3. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers in manufacturing by
major industry group '
Revised series. see ho.. J2^
1963

Annual
average

Major industry group

Manufacturing.

$2.35

Durable goods______________________
Ordnance and accessories___________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture_____________________
Furniture and fixtures_____________
Stone, clay, and glass products______
Primary metal industries___________
Fabricated metal products__________
Machinery_______________________
Electrical equipment and supplies___
Transportation equipment__________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries _________________________
Nondurable goods___________________
Food and kindred products_________
Tobacco manufactures______________
Textile mill products_______________
Apparel and related products________
Paper and allied products___________
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tries __________________________
Chemicals and allied products_______
Petroleum refining and related indus­
tries __________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products______________________
Leather and leather products________

2.13

(?)

July 2 June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

$2.37

$2.37

$2.37

$2. 37

$2.36

$2.35

$2.35

$2.34

$2.33

$2.31

$2. 31

$2.29

$2.31

$2.25

2. 54
2.81

2.54
2.79

2. 54
2.80

2. 54
2.80

2.53
2.82

2. 52
2.81

2. 52
2.80

2.51
2.78

2.49
2. 77

2.48
2.75

2.48
2. 77

2.45
2.75

2 48
2.75

2.71

1.94
1.92
2.37
2.96
2. 51
2.67
2.40
2.88
2.41

1.93
1.92
2. 37
2.96
2. 51
2.67
2.40
2.87
2.42

1.94
1.92
2.35
2.95
2.52
2.67
2.40
2.86
2.41

1.91
1.91
2.36
2. 98
2. 51
2.67
2.40
2.86
2.41

1.90
1.91
2.36
2.93
2.50
2.66
2.39
2.86
2.41

1.89
1.91
2.35
2. 92
2. 50
2. 66
2.39
2.86
2.41

1.90
1.91
2.36
2.91
2. 49
2. 65
2. 38
2.86
2. 39

1.92
1.90
2.35
2.90
2.49
2.65
2.38
2.85
2.39

1.93
1.89
2. 34
2.89
2.47
2.64
2.36
2.84
2.39

1.92
1.89
2.32
2.88
2.47
2.63
2.35
2.83
2.38

1.93
1.88
2.32
2.89
2.47
2.62
2.35
2.82
2.37

1.92
1.88
2.32
2.88
2.46
2. 60
2.33
2. 79
2.36

1 91
1.88
2,31
2.90
2.47
2 61
2 34
2 80
2.37

1.97

1.97

1.96

1.98

1.97

1.98

1.98

1.96

1.92

1.91

1.90

1.90

1.92

1.87

2.14
2. 20
2.00
1.64
1.67
2.37

2.14
2.22
1.99
1. 64
1.66
2.35

2.14
2.22
2.00
1.63
1. 65
2.34

2.14
2.23
1.97
1.64
1.66
2.34

2.13
2.22
1.94
1.64
1.68
2.33

2.13
2.22
1.90
1.64
1.67
2.32

2.13
2.21
1.88
1.64
1.67
2.33

2.12
2.19
1.85
1.63
1.66
2.32

2.11
2.17
1.83
1.63
1.66
2.31

2.10
2.14
1.68
1.63
1.66
2.31

2.09
2.12
1.68
1.62
1.67
2.30

2. 09
2.12
1. 78
1.62
1. 66
2.29

2.09
2 lb
1. 83
1 62
1 65
2.29

2
2
1
1
1

2 .2 2

0)

0)

0)

0)

0)

(3)
2. 58

(3)
2. 57

(3)
2.51

00

(0

00

1
1
2
2
2

Rg
86
2b
84
41

2 54
2 2Q
2 72

2.32

Ob
OQ
7b
bR
62

2.65

2.64

2.62

2. 60

2.61

2.62

2.62

2.61

2.61

2.60

(3)
2. 59

3.05

3.05

3.04

3.08

3.09

3.06

3.07

2.99

2.98

2.96

2.96

2.95

2.97

2.94

2.39
1. 71

2.39
1. 73

2.38
1.73

2.38
1.73

2.38
1.72

2.38
1.70

2.38
1.71

2.38
1.70

2. 37

2.36
1.70

2.35
1.70

2.35
1.69

2.35
1.69

2 30
1.65

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, see footnote 1, table A-2. For employees covered, see footnote 1, table
A-3. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime are derived by assuming
that overtime hours are paid for at the rate of time and one-half.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

0)

2 42

0)

1 71

2 Preliminary.
3 Not available because average overtime rates are significantly above
time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the group in the nondurable goods
total has little effect.

1247

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C-4. Average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by industry 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

Industry

Annual
average

1962

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

2.9
2.9
2.9

2.9
2.9
2.8

3.0
3.2
2.8

2.8
2.9
2.6

2.4
2.5
2.4

2.6
2.7
2.6

2.5
2.6
2.5

2.5
2.6
2.4

2.9
3.1
2.6

2.9
3.0
2.7

2.8
2.9
2.7

3.0
3.1
2.9

2.8
2.8
2.7

2.8
2.8
2.7

1961
2.4
2.3
2.5

Ordnance and accessories
Ammunition, except for small arms___ _____
Sighting and fire control equipment
Other nrdnanpp. and accessories
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture
Sawmills and planing mills
Millwork, plywood, and related products . .
Wooden containers
Miscellaneous wood products________ —
Furniture and fixtures___________ _
Household furniture
Office furniture
Partitions; office and store fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products________
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Cement, hydraulic
Structuralclay products. __
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Other stone and mineral products
Primarv meta,l industries
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Iron and steel foundries I ______
Nonferrous smelting and refining____ ___
Nonferrous rolling, drawing and extrading____
___
Nonferrous foundries.
Miscellaneous primary metal industries__ _
Fabricated metal products___ ________
M etal cans.
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware____________________
Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures.. . . . .
Fabricated structural metal products..
Screw machine p ro d u cts, hnlt.s, etc
Metal stampings
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products____________ _______ . . .
M achinery_________________________
Engines and turbines_______________
Farm machinery and equipment_____
Construction and related m achinery..
Metalworking machinery and equipment___________ ______ ________
Special industry machinery_________
General industrial machinery. _____
Office, computing, and accounting machines________ ______ ____ _____
Service industry machines_________ _
Miscellaneous machinery___________ ___
Electrical eauipment and supplies_____
Electric distribution equipm ent. . .
Electrical industrial apparatus_______
Household appliances________ _____
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets.*...*_____
Communication eq u ip m ent_________
Electronic components and accessories.
Miscellaneous *electrical equipment
and supplies_____________________
Transportation equipment____ _______
Motor vehicles and equipment_______
Aircraft and p arts_______ _______ _
Ship and boat building and repairing..
Railroad equipm ent.. _____________
Other transportation equipment_____
Instruments and related p ro d u c ts ..___
Engineering and scientific instruments.
Mechanical measuring and control devices____________________________
Optical and ophthalmic goods_______
Surgical, medical, and dental equipment
. _______
Photographic equipment and supplies..
Watches and clocks________________

2.5
3.0
.8
2.1

2.4
2.7
.7
2.4

2.2
2.1
.9
2.6

1.6
1.6
1.2
1.6

2.1
1.9
2.1
2.4

2.5
2.4
2.2
2.6

2.6
2.4
2.9
2.9

2.9
2.7
4.0
2.9

2.4
2.0
3.4
2.7

2.3
2.1
2.8
2.5

2.1
1.7
2.7
2.5

2.1
1.9
2.8
2.1

2.2
1.9
3.0
2.5

1.8
1.6
2.2
2.1

3.7
3.8

3.9
3.9

3.2
3.2

2.9
3.0

3.0
3.0

2.9
2.9

2.8
2.9

3.0
2.9

2.9
2.9

3.1
3.1

3.7
3.6

3.7
3.5

3.2
3.1

2.9
2.9

3.9
4.1
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.5
3.2
3.2
4.0
2.2
3.5
2.2
3.6
1.8

3.9
3.5
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.3
2.8
4.0
2.7
3.5
2.3
3.5
1.9

3. 5
3.5
3.1
2.5
2.6
1.8
1.8
2.5
3.9
1.9
3.6
2.1
3.4
2.0

3.1
2.8
2.6
2.2
2.4
1.3
1.2
1.9
3.4
1.6
3.3
2.3
2.8
1.6

3.2
2.6
2.9
2.6
2.9
1.8
1.3
2.1
3.1
1.3
3.3
2.0
2.6
1.8

3.0
2.2
2.7
2.5
2.7
1.9
1.7
2.0
2.8
1.5
3.3
1.7
2.5
1.6

2.8
1.9
2.5
2.5
2.7
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.8
1.5
3.3
1.6
2.4
1.7

3.3
2.4
2.7
3.3
3.6
2.2
1.6
2.9
3.0
1.8
3.8
1.3
2.5
1.9

3.2
2.5
2.7
3.0
3.2
1.6
2.5
2.9
3.4
2.2
3.6
1.7
2.9
2.1

3.2
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.4
2.1
3.7
2.8
3.7
1.5
3.5
1.8
3.0
2.3

3.8
3.2
3.1
3.5
3.4
2.4
4.6
3.2
3.9
2.0
3.5
2.3
3.1
2.1

3. 7
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.2
2.0
4.0
3.4
3.9
1.6
3.4
2.1
3.2
2.1

3.3
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.1
3.0
2.6
3.4
1.7
3.5
1.8
2.8
1.8

2.8
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.6
3.2
2.1
3.6
1.5
2.7
1. 5

6.5
3.1
2.7
2.1
3.1
3.1

6.5
3.1
3.3
2.7
4.3
2.9

6.2
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.9
2.9

5.6
2.5
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.9

4.5
2.8
2.5
1.8
3.5
2.9

3.7
2.6
2.4
1.5
3.6
2.8

3.5
2.4
2.3
1.3
3.1
2.8

3.8
2.4
2.4
1.1
3.5
3.0

5.0
2.7
2.1
1.0
3.0
2.8

6.0
2.8
2.0
.9
2.9
2.3

6.4
3.0
2.2
1.3
2.7
3.0

6.7
2.9
1.9
.9
2.5
3.1

5. 4
2.7
2.3
1.4
2.9
2.7

5. 0
2.3
1.9
1.3
2.1
2.5

3.7
2.9

4.3
3.0

3.7
2.8

2.5
2.7

3.4
3.1

3.3
3.0

3.5
3.2

3.9
3.3

3.8
2.9

3.4
2.9

3.7
2.9

3.2
2.5

3.6
2.9

3.1
2.3

3.4
3.1
4.2

3.3
3.3
4.2

3.3
3.0
3.3

2.7
2.4
3.1

3.0
2.7
2.3

3.0
2.6
2.5

3.4
2.7
2.7

3.9
2.9
2.4

3.2
3.0
2.5

3.2
3.0
2.8

3.5
3.3
4.9

2.9
3.1
4.3

3.2
2.9
3.5

2.4
2.4
3.2

Aug.2 July 2 June
M anufacturing-.
__ .
.
Durable goods..
. . . .
_____
Nondurable goods_________________
D u ra b le goods

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.0

2.8

3.0

2.0

2.6

2.5

2.8

3.1

3.1

2.4

2.6

2.1

2. 5

2.1

2.5
3.3
3.4
3. 5
3.2
2.7

2.5
3.1
3.9
3.9
3.6
2.9

2.0
2.7
3.8
3.7
3.3
2.8

1.3
2.0
3.1
3.0
2.6
2.2

1.7
2.2
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.8

1.8
2.1
3.9
3.2
2.8
2.8

1.9
2.0
4.0
3.4
3.2
2.9

2.1
2.3
4.3
3.6
3.5
3.0

1.9
2.5
3.7
3.8
3.3
2.8

2. 5
2.6
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.1

2.5
3.0
4.2
4.1
3.6
3.2

2. 2
3.0
3.6
3.7
3.1
3.0

1. 9
2.5
4.0
3.5
3.3
3.0

1. 5
2.3
2.6
2.9
2.8
2. 7

2.5
3.2
2.8
2.2
3.1

2.5
3.4
2.6
2. 1
3.1

2.7
3.1
2.2
2.1
2.7

2.2
2.8
1.8
2.2
2.2

2.6
3.2
2.7
2.6
2.4

2.3
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.3

2.4
2.9
2.0
2.0
2.2

2.7
3.1
2.5
1.9
2.3

2.7
2.8
1.9
1.6
2.2

2.8
2.9
1.9
1.8
2.5

2.8
3.0
2.3
2.1
2.7

2.5
3.0
2.3
1.9
2.8

2.6
3.1
2.2
2.1
2.6

2.3
2.5
1.8
1.6
1.9

4.8
3.4
2.8

5.2
3.7
2.9

4.9
3.4
2.4

4.6
3.1
2.0

5.1
3.5
2.4

4.7
3.5
2.3

4.4
3.5
2.2

4.7
3.7
2.6

4.3
3.3
2.5

4.1
3.3
2.7

4. 2
3.6
2.6

4. 5
3.3
2.7

4. 7
3.5
2.8

3. 4
2.8
2.0

1.3
2.2
3.9
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.6

1.7
2.5
4.4
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.8

1.6
2.3
4.2
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.8

1.3
1.7
3.5
1.5
1.5
1.9
1.5
1.5
.8
1.3
1.6

1.7
2.3
4.1
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.2
1.7
1.4
1.9
1.9

1.5
1.8
3.9
2.0
1.8
2.4
1.6
1.6
1.4
2.1
1.9

1.3
1.6
4.1
1.9
1.5
2.1
1.3
1.7
1.1
2.2
1.7

1.5
1.7
4.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0

1.3
1.6
4.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.1
1.7
2. 5
2.1

1.4
1.8
4.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.8
2.1
2.2
2. 5
1.9

1. 4
2.0
4. 4
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.0
2.4
2.6
3.0
2.1

1.3
2.1
4.1
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
1.8
2.4
2. 3
1.9

1. 5
2.0
4.1
2.2
2. 0
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
2. 5
2.0

2. 2
1.6
3.5
1.9
1. 8
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.6
2. 2
1.9

2.2
3.2
3.9
2.4
2.5
2.4
3.9
2.3
2.4

3.0
3.7
4.5
2. 5
3.3
2.3
3.7
2.4
2.5

2.4
3.5
4.3
2.2
3.5
1.9
3.5
2.3
2.2

1.6
2.7
3.3
1.9
2.8
2.0
2.7
1.9
1.8

1.8
3.1
3.7
2.3
2.9
2.3
2.8
2.3
2.5

2.7
3.1
3.3
2.7
3.4
1.6
2.6
2.2
2.4

3.4
3.3
3.8
2.9
3.1
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.8

3.9
4.7
6.1
3.3
3.5
1.5
2.1
2.6
3.1

3.7
4.5
5. 9
3.2
3.1
1.2
1.9
2.5
2.8

3.6
4.0
4. 9
3.2
2.9
1.7
2.7
2.5
2.8

2.9
3.6
4. 5
3.0
2.5
1.7
3.1
2.5
2.9

2. 3
3.1
3. 6
2.7
3.1
2.1
3.4
2.3
2.7

3.2
3.5
4.1
2.9
2.8
2.0
2.5
2.4
2.6

2.2
2.5
2. 6
2.5
2.6
.9
1.8
2.1
2.2

2.4
2.3

2.5
2.5

2.3
2.4

1.9
2.1

2.1
2.5

1.9
2.3

1.9
2.0

2.6
2.1

2. 5
1.7

2. 3
2.5

2. 3
2.5

2. 3
1.9

2. 2
2.2

1. 9
2.0

2.0
2.4
1.8

2.4
2.4
1.9

2.0
2.8
1.9

1.6
2.3
1.4

2.1
2.9
1.7

1.9
3.2
1.7

1.6
3.1
1.5

2.2
3.0
1.8

2. 2
3.4
2.0

2. 3
2.7
2.1

2. 5
2.7
2.1

2. 5
2.5
1.9

2. 3
2.9
1.9

2.1
2.9
1.5

1248

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T able

CM. Average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by industry1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1228.
1963

Annual
average

1962

Industry
Aug.2 July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1962

1961

Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods— C o n tin u ed

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated w are...
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods..
Pens, pencils, office and art m aterials..
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
Other manufacturing industries.

1.9
2.5
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.0

2.1
2.7
1.6
2.1
2.4
2.3

2.0
2.8
1.6
1.7
2.1
2.2

1.9
2.4
1.5
1.4
2.0
2.0

2.2
2.7
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.5

2.1
2.6
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.3

2.0
2.5
1.7
1.9
1.7
2.3

2.4
4.2
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.6

2.4
3.5
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.5

2.6
3.4
2.3
3.1
2.0
2.6

2.6
3.2
2.4
2.2
2.1
3.0

2.3
2.7
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.6

2.3
3.0
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.5

2.2
3.0
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.3

3.8
3.9
3.5

3.7
3.9
3.5

3.4
3.6
3.3

2.9
2.9
3.2

3.1
3.2
3.2

3.0
2.9
3.0

3.1
3.3
3.1

3.4
4.2
3.2

3.6
4.5
3.2

3.4
3.8
3.2

3.8
3.7
3.7

3.4
3.0
3.4

3.4
3.6
3.4

3.3
3.7
3.1

2.5
7.7
3.3
3.7
2.2
4.5
3.9
1.4
1.8
1.1
3.1
2.9
3.9
3.9
3.1
2.6
3.4
3.9
3.1
3.3
1.3
.6
1.2

2.3
6.9
3.4
3.5
2.6
4.1
3.8
1.5
2.0
1.2
3.4
3.1
4.4
4.0
3.1
2.4
4.5
4.2
3.5
4.2
1.3
1.0
1.3

2.3
6.3
3.2
4.4
1.8
3.2
3.8
1.0
1.3
.9
3.2
3.2
4.4
3.7
3.4
2.0
4.1
3.5
3.2
3.3
1.3
1.1
1.2

1.9
4.7
2.9
3.9
1.7
2.9
3.4
.3
.4
.1
2.8
3.0
3.7
3.0
2.9
1.6
3.8
3.6
2.9
2.8
1.1
.9
.9

2.3
5.4
2.8
3.3
2.3
2.8
3.6
.8
1.0
.8
3.1
3.0
3.9
3.6
3.0
1.8
4.6
4.8
3.1
3.3
1.4
1.3
1.1

2.2
5.6
2.7
3.1
2.3
2.3
4.0
.7
.5
1.1
3.0
2.9
3.9
3.7
3.0
1. 7
4.2
4.9
2.8
3.4
1.3
1.3
1.0

2.2
5.8
2.5
3.1
2.3
2.3
3.8
.6
.5
.7
2.8
3.0
4.0
3.4
3.3
1.6
3.1
3.3
2.5
3.2
1.0
1.1
.9

2.2
6.1
2.9
2.7
3.0
2.4
4.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
3.0
3.0
4.3
3.1
3.2
1.7
4.4
4.4
2.6
3.7
1.2
1.3
1.0

2.1
6.4
3.3
3.9
3.1
2.4
4.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
3.3
3.2
4.5
3.2
3.3
2.1
4.7
5.0
2.8
3.8
1.4
1.1
1.3

2.4
7.0
3.1
2.8
3.3
2.5
4.1
1.2
1.0
1.4
3.2
3.1
4.4
3.4
3.4
2.3
4.2
5.0
3.1
3.5
1.4
1.3
1.3

3.4
7.1
3.6
4.5
3.4
3.1
4.1
1.6
1.4
1.3
3.0
2.8
4.2
3.7
3.2
2.3
3.7
4.7
2.8
3.4
1.5
1.3
1.4

2.5
7.1
3.3
4.2
2.6
3.0
3.9
1.0
.8
1.2
3.2
3.0
4.4
4.1
3.3
2.3
3.3
4.9
3.2
3.2
1.5
1.2
1.6

2.6
6.3
3.1
3.7
2.5
2.8
3.9
1.0
.9
.9
3.2
3.2
4.3
4.2
3.3
2.2
4.2
4.1
3.2
3.5
1.3
1.2
1.2

2.4
6.2
2.9
4.3
2.5
2.7
3.9
1.1
1.2
1.0
2.7
2.7
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.0
3.7
3.3
2.7
2.9
1.1
.8
.9

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.8

1. 5

1.1

1.2

1. 3

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.4

1. 1

1.3
1.5
1.6
.9

1.2
1.0
1.5
.9

1.3
1.2
1.3
1.0

1.0
1.0
.7
.7

1.4
2.0
1.2
.9

1.1
1.7
1.2
.8

.9
1.1
.8
.8

1.2
1.2
.7
1.2

1.8
1.2
.9
1.4

1.8
1.5
1.1
1.4

1.6
1.2
1. 1
1.3

1 5
1.6
1.6
1 1

13
1.5
1.2
1.2

14
1.5
1.3
1.2

1.6
4.8
5.9
6.7

1.8
4.6
5.4
6.3

1.8
4.3
5.3
5.5

1.5
3.8
4.8
5.0

1.5
4.3
5.4
5.9

1.4
4.1
5.2
5.6

13
4.1
5.3
5.4

1.8
4. 5
5.2
6.3

2 1
4.4
5 2
6.0

2 3
4. 5
5.1
5.5

2 1
4 8
5 3
6.4

18
4 5
5 2
5.9

17
4 4
5.9

16
4 2
5 fl
5.6

3.2
3.9

3.2
4.1

2.9
3.6

2.6
3.1

2.9
3.3

2.9
3.2

2 9
3.2

3.3
3.8

2 8
4.1

3.0
4.4

3 3
4.7

3 4
4.1

3O
3.9

30
3.7

2.6
2.0
3.4
4.4
2.8
2.1

2.7
2.6
2.8
3.5
2.8
2.4

2.8
2.7
2.7
3.9
2.9
2.2

2.4
2.0
3.0
3 1
2.7
2.1

2.8
2.0
4.0
3. 6
3.2
2.2

2. 5
1.8
3.2
2 8
2 8
1.8

2.4
1.7
2.2
2 6
2 7
2.2

30
3.0
3.2
28
3 1
2.1

2 8
2 9
3. 5
2 8

3 1
2 7
4 3
3 fi
3 2
3.2

2 9
2 5
3 3

2 8
2 k
3 1
3 4
3 o
2.4

2 7
2 4
3 1

2.3

2 8
2.7
3.7
3 0
3 n
2.5

2.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.9
3.0
2.9

2.4
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.2
2.4
2.8
3.6
2.8

2.1
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.1
3.1
6.8
2.6

1.9
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.0
2.2
2.0
9.6
2.2

2. 5
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.4
2.0
5.6
2.4

2.7
2.4
2.4
2.0
2 5
2. 5
1.7
3.7
2. 5

2 4
2.2
2.2
1.9
2 4
2.3
1. 5
3.3
2.6

2 6
2.4
2 5
2.1
2 4
2.4
1.6
3 4
2.8

2 5
2.3
2 4
1.9
9 5
2 5
1. 5
3 1
2.6

2 7
2.5
2 5
2.0
2 fi
2 9
1.8
3 5
2.7

2 7
2.7
2 fi
2. 3

2 8
2.4
2 4
2 2

3 2
2 3
3 8
2.8

2 8
2 3
2 *
2.8

2.5
2
2 3
2 4
2 7
2 1
4 1
2 .6

2.8
2.0
5.9

2.7
1. 9
5.6

2.6
1.9
5.1

2. 5
2.1
4.0

1.7
1. 5
2.5

1. 6
1.4
2.6

2 0
1.7
3.1

20
1 5
3.9

9 R

2 5
1 fi
5.9

3O

19
4.8

6.5

5.9

2 3
16
4.8

30
3.7
2.4
3.3
1.3
2.6
1.2
1.2

2 9
2.8
2.6
3.3
1.4
3.2
1.2
1.4

2 5
2.1
2.3
3.1
1.1
2.8
.9
1.0

2 4
2.3
2.2
2. 5
.9
2.4
.7
.9

2 9
2.8
2.5
3.4
1.3
2.4
1.2
1.4

2 Q
2.9
2.6
3.2
1.5
2.5
1.3
1.7

9 8
2.8
2.6
3.0
1.2
2.4
1.1
1.2

3 5
3 0
3 1
1.3
2 5
1.1
1.6

3 3
30
3 2
1.4
2 5
10
2.1

3 3
2 8
3 1
1.3
2 7
9
1.8

3 fi
3 2
3 4
1.4
2 8
10
1.8

3 5
2 9
3 0
1.5
2 8
12
1.8

3 3
2 9
3 2
1.4
2 fi
1 1
L8

N o n d u ra b le goods

Food and kindred products_____ _____
Meat products..!_________________ _
Dairy products_________ _______
Canned and preserved food, except
m eats._________________
Grain mill products_____________
Bakery products__________
Sugar.' ! __________ ________
Confectionery and related products
Beverages— 1__ _________1_
Miscellaneous food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures________
Cigarettes___ ________ ____
Cigars___________________
Textile mill products___ _______
Cotton broad woven fabrics___
Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics.
Weaving and finishing broad woolens
Narrow fabrics and smallwares__
Knitting____ _ ______
Finishing textiles, except wool and knit.
Floor covering_________ _______
Yarn and thread______ ______
Miscellaneous textile goods..........
Apparel and related p r o d u c t s ...______
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats____
M en’s and boys’ furnishings____
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerw e a r ______ __ __ _ __ __
Women’s and children’s undergarments_______ _______
Hats, caps, and millinery______
Girls’ and children’s outerwear______
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel..
Miscellaneous fabricated textile" produ c ts ...__________________
Paper and allied products_____
Paper and pulp ____________
Paperboard__________
Converted paper and paperboard
products____ ______________
Paperboard containers and boxes__
Printing, publishing and allied industries________ _____
Newspaper publishing and printing..
Periodical publishing and printing
Books_____ ___________
Commercial printing__ ____
Bookbinding and related industries. .
Other publishing and printing industries__________________ .
Chemicals and allied products__
Industrial chemicals_______
Plastics and synthetics, except glass. .
Drugs___________________
Soap, cleaners and toilet goods.
Paints, varnishes and allied products..
Agricultural chem icals___
Other chemical products___
Petroleum refining and related industries_______ _______
Petroleum refining_____
Other petroleum and coal products___
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products.-.
____
Tires and inner tubes____
Other rubber products...
Miscellaneous plastic products . .
Leather and leather products__
Leather tanning and finishing___
Footwear, except rubber___
Other leather products_____

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, see footnote 1, table A-2. For employees covered, see footnote 1,
table A-3.
These series cover premium overtime hours of production and related
workers during the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Over­
time hours are those paid for at premium rates because (1) they exceeded


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

9.

Q

30
2.7

5 9

»

*

2 9
2.1

9 6

2.3
9 3
20

*

? 6

19
3 8
2.6

4.4

2 4
29

8

*

1.4
? 3

1.7

either the straight-time workday or workweek or (2) they occurred on week"
ends or holidays or outside regularly scheduled hours. Hours for which
only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.
2 Preliminary.

f*

1249

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction
activities 1

R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box p. 1228.

[1957-59=100]
A n rm al
a v ei -age

1962

1963
A c t iv i t y
A ug 2

J u ly 2

June

A pr.

M ay

M ar.

Feb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

O ct.

S e p t.

A ug.

1962

1961

M a n -h o u r s

T o ta l
___________________________
M i n i n g ___________ _____________________ ____
C o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c tio n _____________________
M a n u fa c tu r in g -------- --------------------------------------

105.0
8 5 .0
124.2
102.5

103.9
8 2 .6
121.5
101.8

104.4
8 6 .7
116.1
103.1

101.6
8 4 .2
107.6
101.3

9 8 .0
8 1 .3
9 7 .4
99 .0

95 .8
77 .4
8 3 .3
99 .0

94.1
7 8 .2
7 6 .5
98.1

95.1
7 8 .8
8 2 .6
9 8 .2

9 8 .0
8 0 .8
8 8 .3
10 0 .6

101.0
8 2 .5
103.2
101.5

103.5
8 4 .5
114.0
102.5

105.2
8 5 .4
116.5
104.1

103.9
8 6 .5
119.5
101.9

9 9 .8
8 3 .6
99. 3
100. 6

9 5 .7
8 5 .6
96.1
96.1

D u r a b le g o o d s ____________________ ______
O r d n a n ce a n d a c c e ss o ir e s . -----------L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts, exc e p t fu r n itu r e ______________ _____
F u r n itu r e a n d fix tu r e s _______ ______
S to n e , c la y , a n d g lass p r o d u c ts ------P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s t r ie s __________
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts _________
M a c h in e r y __________________________
E le c tr ic a r e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s .
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t _________
I n s tr u m e n ts a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s ..
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr ie s __________________________ _

101.0
149.1

102.4
147.0

104.7
148.8

103.1
147.8

100.5
144.8

9 9 .6
149.6

9 8 .9
151.8

9 9 .2
153.4

100.9
156.1

101.4
155.4

102.0
153 .2

102.6
154.1

9 9 .3
154. 5

100.3
150. ¿

94 .1
133.4

100.7
109.9
109.8
9 8 .3
105.4
101.9
113.5
7 8 .8
107.3

9 5 .5
105.1
109.5
101.2
102.6
102.3
112.7
92 .5
105.2

9 5 .3
106.0
109.3
105.2
105.7
104.9
115.5
9 5 .0
106.9

9 4 .9
102.6
106.4
102.3
103.4
103.8
113.7
9 4 .7
104.7

9 0 .2
101.8
101.4
100.2
9 9 .8
103.0
111.8
9 2 .2
103.5

8 7 .8
102.7
9 4 .9
9 5 .8
9 8 .9
103.5
113.4
9 2 .2
104.2

87.1
102.4
9 1 .2
94 .0
9 8 .5
102.7
114.5
92 .0
103.8

8 7 .8
102.9
92 .1
92.1
9 9 .4
102.4
115.9
9 3 .7
103.3

8 9 .5
106.9
9 5 .8
92.1
101.3
102.4
118.7
94 .5
105 .2

9 3 .2
107.3
102.3
9 0 .0
101.8
101. 3
118.6
93 .5
105.4

96. 4
109.4
105.4
8 9 .8
102.9
101.7
119.1
9 2 .0
104. 6

9 9 .8
109.3
10 6 .6
9 2 .4
103.7
102.3
119.5
8 9 .9
104. 2

101. 7
108. 6
107.5
90. 3
100.7
101. 6
116.0
78 .0
104.2

93. 3
104. 8
100. 3
95. 3
100. 6
101.9
115. 8
8b. 7
103 .2

91. 2
97. 7
97. 7
91. 7
9 4 .8
94. 4
105.9
8 0 .8
9 9 .4

105.2

9 9 .4

102.6

100.7

9 7 .2

9 7 .2

95 .0

9 2 .4

9 9 .2

107.1

110.5

110.0

106. 5

102.1

9 8 .0

101.7
9 6 .3
100.3
97 .1
108 .4
105.9

103.2
101.8
120.6
9 7 .4
107.9
106.6

106.1
109.1
132.8
9 7 .2
110.4
108.3

105.3
105.8
104. 3
98. 3
112.0
107.7

101.1
05. á
93. 2
0 7 .4
106.9
105.5

9 8 .7
96. 5
94. 6
9 4 .8
100. 2
103 .6

105.8
103.0

105.7
103.2

106.5
104.1

104.9
103.8

104.7
103.5

104.0
100.5

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ______________________
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts -----------T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ____________
T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts _______________
A p p a r e l a n d re la te d p r o d u c ts ______
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ................
P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llied
in d u s t r ie s .. . ________ _________
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ____
P e tr o le u m r e fin in g a n d r e la ted
in d u s tr ie s _____________ ________ __
R u b b e r a n d m isc e lla n e o u s p la s tic
p r o d u c ts _____________________ _____
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p r o d u c ts ---------

104.5
103.5
110.4
9 6 .6
112.4
110.4

101.0
9 7 .6
75 .5
94 .5
108.0
106.8

101.0
9 3 .4
78 .4
97.1
108.5
107.8

99 .0
8 8 .7
76 .5
9 5 .5
108.9
105.1

9 7 .0
8 5 .5
7 0 .9
9 3 .5
105.9
103.3

9 8 .3
8 6 .4
78 .3
9 4 .4
110.9
104.5

9 7 .0
85 .1
8 2 .0
9 3 .4
108.2
103.3

97 .0
8 7 .6
9 0 .5
9 2 .8
103. 2
104.1

100.3
9 3 .0
100. 9
9 5 .8
106.0
106.5

104.9
103.9

103.7
105.3

104.4
105.9

104.1
106.4

102.9
107.7

102.3
103.9

100.8
102.3

100.8
102.2

104.1
103.1

8 5 .0

8 5 .5

8 4 .9

8 3 .4

8 3 .0

7 8 .9

7 8 .4

8 0 .4

8 1 .2

8 2 .4

8 3 .2

86.1

88 .1

8 6 .1

8 8 .5

111.3
8 7 .3

112.4
9 3 .6

111.8
9 5 .6

114.3
9 5 .7

116.0
9 7 .6

116.3
9 5 .6

117.1
9 3 .5

117.1
9 6 .9

114.0
101. 5

113.4
98 .1

102. o
96. 7

8 8 .5
106.8
115.4

89.0
122.5
115.7

9 1 .3
135.0
116.1

9 3 .0
138 .3
117.8

9 3 .2
139. 7
114.1

9 0 .5
116.4
113. 7

9 0 .6
108. 8
105.4

110.1
100.3

109.8
9 6 .3

114.3
9 6 .2

112.9
9 0 .2

P a y r o lls

M in in g
»
_________________________
C o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c tio n ______________________
M a n u fa c tu r in g ............. ........................................... —

118.0

9 0 .0
146.4
118.1

9 5 .9
138.9
119.9

92.1
128.3
117.4

8 9 .2
115.5
114.4

i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, see footnote 1, table A-2.
For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related

T a ble C -6 .

85 .0
100.2
114.1

8 6 .2
92 .4
112 .6

8 6 .5

99.9
112.8

workers and for contract construction, to construction workers, as defined
in footnote 1, table A-3.
2 Preliminary.

Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production workers in manufacturing 1
R e v ise d se r ie s; s e e box p. 1228.
[In current and 1957-59 dollars]
Anrmal
aver age

1962

1963
Item
July 2 June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

1962

1961

M a n u fa ctu rin g

Gross average weekly earnings:
Current dollars___ ____________ _____
1957-59 dollars______________________
Spendable average weekly earnings:
Worker with no dependents:
Current dollars ________________
1957-59 dollars. _________________
Worker with 3 dependents:
Current dollars_______________ -1957-59 dollars. ................. ................

$99. 23 $100.37 $99. 23 $97.36 $98.09 $97. 20 $97. 44 $98.01 $97. 36 $96.32 $97. 27 $95. 75 $96. 39 $96. 56
92.65 94.16 93.44 91.68 92.36 91.61 91.92 92. 64 91.85 90.87 91.68 90.76 91.36 91. 61

$92.34

79. 51
74.24

80. 38
75.40

79. 51
74.87

78.04
73.48

78. 63
74.04

77. 92
73.44

78.11
73.69

79.02
74.69

78.50
74.06

77.67
73.27

78.43
73.92

77.21
73.18

77.72
73.67

77. 86
73.87

74.60
71. 59

87.25
81.47

88.18
82.72

87.25
82.16

85. 72
80. 72

86.31
81.27

85. 58
80. 66

85.78
80. 92

86.72
81.97

86.19
81.31

85.33
80.50

81.16

86.11

84.87
80. 45

85.39
80.94

85. 53
81.15

82.18
78.87

i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1963, see footnote 1, table A-2. For employees covered, see footnote 1, table
A-3.
Spendable average weekly earnings are based on gross average weekly
earnings as published in table 0 -1 less the estimated amount of the workers’
Federal social security and income tax liability. Since the amount of tax
liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker as
well as on the level of his gross income, spendable earnings have been com­


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

puted for 2 types of income receivers. (1) A worker with no dependents
and (2) a worker with 3 dependents.
___
The earnings expressed in 1957-59 dollars have been adjusted for changes
in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s Consumer Price index.
Preliminary.

2

Note: These series are described in “ The Calculation and Uses of the

Spendable Earnings Series.” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , January 1959, pp. 50-54.

1250

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able

D -l. Consumer Price Index1—All-city average: *A11 items, groups, subgroups, and special
groups of items
[1957-59=100]
1963

1962

Annual
average

Group
Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Augi

1962

1961
104.2

107.1

107.1

106.6

106.2

106.2

106.2

106.1

106.0

105.8

106.0

106.0

106.1

105.5

105.4

F o o d 2_________________________________ 106.0
Food at h o m e ______________________ 104.5
Cereals and bakery products_____ 109.1
Meats, poultry, and’ fish_________ 101.4
Dairy products_____ ____________ 104.2
Fruits and vegetables____________ 114.2
Other foods at home 3—____ ______
98.0

106.2
104.8
109.2

104.3
102.5
109.3
98.0

104.2

102.6

105.0
103.5
109.2

102.1

113.9
94.5

104.8
103.5
107.9
106.3
104.2

96.2

103.6
109.4
97.1

108.4
103.5
104.2

104.3
102.9
108.0
104.1
104.3

103.6

112.0

103.5
101.9
108.2
102.5
103.9

115.6
96.9

104.7
103.2
108.7
102.5
103.8
106.4
97.6

103.8
102.3
107.8

103.3
118.7
97.8

104.6
103.0
109.1
100.7
103.5
109.6
96.7

104.1

100.2

105.0
103.4
109.2
98.4

H ousing4___________
. . ....................... 106.0
B en t_______________ ______________ 106.8
Gas and electricity__________________ 107.2
Solid and petroleum fuels____________
98.3
Housefurnishings_________
Household operation______ _______ _

106.0
106.7
108.1
102.3
98.5
110.3

105.9
106.7
108.1

105.7
106.6
107.4
102.4
98.4

102.1
98.5
110.2 110.0

105.8
106.5
107.5
104.2
98.5
109.9

105.7
106.4
108.0
104.8
98.6
109.7

105.4
106.4
108.0
104.8
98.3
109.3

Apparel____________ ____ _____________ _ 104.0
M en’s and boys’____________________ 104.7
W omen’s and girls’____ _____________
Footwear___________________________
Other apparel3....................... ...................

103.9
104.5

103.9
104.4

103.8
104.1

103.6

101.2 101.2 101.2 101.1 101.4 1103.9
01.1
110.6 110.5 110.6 110.3 110.2 110.0
101.1 101.1 101.0 100.9 100.9 101.1

103.3
103.7
100.7
109.9
100.9

Transportation_______________ _ _ ___
Private____ _ . _____________ ____
Public. . . . . . . ______ _____ _____

108.3
106.9
117.1

107.8
106.4
116.6

107.4
106.1
116.6

107.4
106.0
116.5

107.0
105.5
116.5

107.0
105.6
116.4

All item s-................................. .............. ............

102.6
110.6

109.2
98.3
102.9

102.8 102.8

103.7
104.2

102.6

102.2

102.6

101.5
105.4
99.3
104.8
104.2
97.6

102.6

100.2 102.1 102.0 102.2
97.2

97.2

98.1

97.8

103.9
105.2
95.2

107.6
101.7
104.1
105.0
96.1

105.4
106.3
108.2
104.9
97.9
109.3

105.2
106.2
108.1
104.8
98.6
108.1

105.1
106.2
108.1
103.6
98.7
107.8

105.0
106.1
108.0
102.4
98.8
107.6

104.9
105.9
108.0
101.3
98. 7
107.6

104.8
105.8
108.0

104.8
105.7
107.9

103.9
104.4
107.9

98.5
107.4

107.4

99.5
105.9

103.0
103.5
109.8
100.3

103.9
104.3
101.5
109.9
101.3

104.3
104.3
102.5
109.7

104.9
104.2
104.0
109.6

104.6
104.0
103.6
109.5

101.1 101.6 101.2

102.5
102.9
99.9
109.3
100.3

103.2
103.3
100.9
109.3

100.6

107.8
100.9

106.8
105.3
116.3

106.6
105.3
115.7

108.0
106.8
115.7

108.3
107.2
115.4

108.1
106.9
116.0

107.8
106.7
115.7

107.4
106.2
115.7

107.2
105.9
115.4

105.0
104.0
111.7

100.2

100.1 102.1 101.6
98.9
102.8
102.8
101.0

Medical care.. ________________________

117.1

116.9

116.8

116.4

116.1

115.8

115.6

115.5

115.3

115.0

114.9

114.7

114.6

114.2

111.3

Personal care____________ _____________

108.0

108.0

107.8

107.8

107.6

107.3

107.3

107.4

107.6

107.1

106.9

106.8

106.8

106.5

104.6

Reading and recreation__________________

112.1

111.5

110.9

110.7

111.0 110.1 110.0 110.2 110.0 110.1

109.5

110.0

110.3

109.6

107.2

Other goods and services________________

108.0

108.0

107.6

106.0

105.8

105.7

105.7

105.7

105.6

105.6

105.6

105.6

105.5

105.3

104.6

Special groups:
All items less food..................................... 107.6
All items less shelter........ ......................... 107.2
A ll commodities less food....................... . 103.6

107.5
107.1
103.5

107.3
106.6
103.3

107.0
106.1
103.0

107.0
106.1
103.0

106.8
106.1
102.9

106.6
106.1
102.7

106.5
105.9

102.6

106.7
105.8
103.4

106.7
106.0
103.5

106.7
106.1
103.6

106.6
106.1
103.4

106.2
105.5

106.1
105.4

104.8
104.2

104.7
105.5
104.8
105.5
101.3
98.5

104.1
104.8
104.5
105.0
101.3
98.4

103.6
104.2
104.2
104.7

103.6
104.2
104.3
104.7
100.9
98.4

103.7
104.4
104.2
104.7

103.8
104.5
104.1
104.6

104.0
104.4
104.6
104.5

104.1
104.7
104.6
104.6

98.4

103.6
104.0
104.6
105.1
101.7
98.6

103.9
104.2
104.4
104.5

98.5

103.6
104.3
104.0
104.7
100.4
98.5

98.6

98.6

103.2
103.5
103.2
103.7
101.7
98.7

103.2
103.6
103.8
104.2
101.5
98.8

103.2
103.3
100.5
98.9

All commodities____________________
Nondurables8. . . ________________
Nondurables less food___ _____ _
Nondurables less food and apparel.
Durables 7______________________
Durables less cars____________

104.7
105.5
105.0
105.7
101.4
98.5

All services 8________________________
All services less rent_________. . .
Household operation services,
gas, and e le c tr ic ity ..____ _
Transportation services______
Medical care services________
Other services_______________

111.1 111.1 110.8 110.5 110.5 110.1 110.0 109.8
112.6
112.2 111.9 111.9 111.6 111.2 111.2 110.8 110.6 110.5
110.7 110.7 110.6 110.2 110.2 110.2 109.9 109.9 109.1 108.8 108.7
112.7 112.4 112.3 112.2 112.0 111.8 111.4 111.1 110.9 110.7 110.8
120.4 120.2 120.1 119.5 119.2 118.9 118.7 118.5 118.2 118.0 117.8
111.2 110.9 110.5 110.3 110.5 110.0 109.6 109.7 109.3 109.3 109.1
111.7

111.5
112.4

101.0
98.3

111.3

*The Consumer Price Index for August 1963 calculated from a 1947-49
=100 base was 131.4.
The Consumer Price Index measures the average change in prices of
goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker
families. Data for 46 large, medium-size, and small cities are combined for
the all-city average.
In addition to subgroups shown here, total food includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other miscellaneous foods.
In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous items.
Includes food, house paint, solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefurnishings,
household paper, electric light bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel

1

2
2
4
5
6


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

100.8 100.6

102.2 102.0 101.6
98.6

102.6 102.8 102.1
102.4

102.8

109.8
110.5

110.6 110.2

109.9

109.5

107.6
108.3

108.6
110.5
117.5
109.3

108.5
111.7
117.3
109.3

108.5
116.8
108.7

107.2
109.5
113.1
106.8

111.2

(except shoe repairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet
goods, nondurable toys, newspaper, cigarettes, cigars, beer, and whiskey.
Includes water heaters, central heating furnaces, kitchen sinks, sink
faucets, porch flooring, household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor
covering, dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable
toys, and sporting goods.
Includes rent, home purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage, interest, prop­
erty insurance, repainting garage, repainting rooms, reshingling roof, reftnishing floors, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto insurance,
auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services, hospitalization and surgical insurance, barber and beauty
shop services, television repairs, and motion picture admissions

7

8

1251

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able D-2. Consumer Price Index 1—All items and food indexes, by city
[1957-59=100]

Aug.

July

June

May

Annual
average

1962

1963

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

1963
(194749=100)

1962

1961

Aug.

All Items
A ll-c ity average 2____

107.1

107.1

106.6

106.2

106.2

106.2

106.1

106.0

105.8

106.0

106.0

106.1

105.5

105.4

104.2

131.4

A tla n ta , G a
B a ltim o re , M d .
B o sto n , M a s s . . . . . .
C hicago, 111. _____ _
C in c in n a ti, O h io . .

(3)
(3)
(3)
105.7
(3)

(3)
(3)
109.8
106.0
(3)

104.9
106.8
(3)
105.2
104.6

(3)
(3)
(3)
105.0
(3)

(3)
(3)
109.2
105.0
(3)

104.9
106.2
(3)
105.2
104.5

(3)
(3)
(3)
104.7
(3)

(3)
(3)
108.6
104.7
(3)

104.5
105.7
(3)
104.7
104.0

(2)
(2)
(2)
105.0
(3)

(3)
(3)
108.2
105.0
(3)

104.7
106.0
(2)
105.2
104.3

(3)
(3)
(3)
104.4
(3)

104.1
105.2
107.4
104. 6
103.6

103.2
104. 4
105.1
103.6
102.6

(3)
(3)
C3)
133.3
(3)

C le v ela n d , O h io _____

105.1
104. 4
106.2
(3)
108.4

(3)
103.9
(3)
107.1
108.0

(3)
103.5
(3)
(3)
107.4

104.3
102.4
104.4
(3)
107.6

(3)
102.1
(3)
106.4
108.0

(3)
102.6
(3)
(3)
107.7

104.3
102.6
105.0
(3)
107.8

(3)
102.5
(3)
105.9
107.3

(3)
102.5
(3)
(3)
107.2

103.7
102.6
104.5
(3)
107.1

(3)
102. 8
(3)
107.1
107.2

(3)
102.8
(3)
(3)
107.2

103.8
102.3
104.6
(3)
106.6

103.5
102.2
104. 6
106.1
106.6

103.2
101.9
102.6
104. 5
105. 4

130.5
128. 7
130.8
(3)
135.2

Minneapolis, Minn..

(3)
109.3
107.5

107.7
109.2
107.4
107.9
106.8

(3)
108.7
107.2
(3)

(3)
107.8
106.2
(3)

(3)
107.6
106.4

(3)
107.6
106.2

(3)
107.1
105.8

(3)
106.6
105.2

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

105.5
ioe. 4
105.2
105.9
104.6

104.2
104. 8
104.4
105. 0
104.1

<3)
131. /
132.0

(3)
(3)

105.9
107.2
105.8
106.3
105.3

(3)
107.3
106.0

(3)

106.0
107.5
105.9
106.5
105.7

(3)
106.9
105.7

(3)

106.5
107.9
106.4
106.3
106.2

(3)
(3)
(3)

105.6
108.9
(3)

(3)
(3)
(3)

105.8
108.4
(3)

106.0
107.8
(3)

(3)
(3)
(3)

105.6
107.5
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)
106.9
107.2
105.6

(3)
(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)
106.7
107.4
106.1

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)

(3)
(3)
106.0
106.7
104.8

105.1
107.4
105.9
106. 5
104. 6

103.9
105.8
104.1
104.9
103. 7

(3)
C3)
128. 4
13 / . I
128.6

102.6

Detroit, Mich__ __
Houston, Tex
Kansas City, Mo.
Los Angeles, Calif__
N ew York, N .Y ____

Philadelphia, P a...
Pittsburgh, Pa.. ..
Portland, Oreg. .

St. Louis, Mo______
San Francisco, Calif..
Scranton, Pa_____ _
Seattle, W ash______
Washington, D .C ___

(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
107.6
109.1
106.8

(3)
(3)
(3)
106.5
107.0
105.3

(3)
(3)

Food
All-city average 2.

106.0

106.2

105.0

104.2

104.3

104.6

105.0

104.7

103.5

104.1

104.3

104.8

103.8

103.6

Atlanta, Ga..............
Baltimore, M d____
Boston, Mass_____
Chicago, 111_______
Cincinnati, Ohio___

104.8
105.7
109.0
107.6
103.7

105.0
106.0
108.6
107.5
103.5

103.7
104.8
106.6
105.9
102.9

102.3
103.5
106.2
104.7
102.3

102.7
103.5
106.6
105.0

103.8
103.7
106.5
105.7

104.2
103.9
106.3
105.4
103.7

104.0
104.6
106.4
105.6
103.1

102.7
103.4
105.7
104.3
101.7

103.1
103.6
106.4
105.7

103.9
104.2
105.7
105.7
103.0

104.3
104.5
105.7
106.7
103.7

103.4
104.2
105.0
105.8

103.0
103.3
104.6
105. 3
101.9

Cleveland, Ohio.......
Detroit, Mich_____
Houston, Tex_____
Kansas City, M o__
Los Angeles, Calif...

103.6
103.0
104.7
105.2
107.1

101.7
101.5
103.6
104.5
105.6

102.4

107.8

101.7
101.3
103.2
103.2
106.8

104.0
105.1
105.9

102.9
104.2
104.7

103.3
105.5

Minneapolis, M inn.
New York, N .Y ___
Philadelphia, P a___
Pittsburgh, P a____
Portland, Oreg.........

105.7
103.6
102.5
103.4

103.1
102.4
103.6

iOi. 9
102.3
103.0

St. Louis, Mo_____
San Francisco, Calif.
Scranton, P a______
Seattle, Wash_____
Washington, D .C ... .

102.7
104.3
102.3
106.0

103.0
105.4
103.1
105.7

104.0
101.3
104. 5

102.6 101.6
103.4
102.0

102.2 102.6
100.8 101.7 102.2
100.8 101.1 101.7
102.0 101.8 102.3 103.0
102.1 103.3 103.6 104.3

100.7
100.7

104.6
105.1
107.7

103.1
103.9
106.3

102.4
108.1
105.2
104. 4
106.2

103.7
108.2
105.1
104.6
105.8

102.1
106.9
104.5
103.7
104.8

101.7
106.3
103.2
103.2
104.1

105.5
107.1
104.4
107.8
105.5

105.7
107.6
105.0
107.8
105.5

104.9
107.0
104.6
107.1
104.6

103.1
105.9
103.1
106.7
103.3

105.9

106.6

106.8

102.0 101.8
106.3
103.1
103.1
104.5

106.6
104.1
104.1
104.6

101.7
106.8
104.4
104.3
105.2

101.5
106.6
104.5
103.2
105.3

104.0
106.5
103.1
107.3
102.9

104.5
106.9
103.3
107.3
103.6

105.0
107.0
104.4
106.9
103.2

104.9
106.7
104.1
106.3
103.9

1 See footnote 1, table D -l. Indexes measure time-to-time changes in
prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clericalworker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live in one
city than in another.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

102.8
100.8 101.3
100.6 101.6
102.8
102.4
104.4
105.3

100.8
104.9
103.0
101.7
103.9

100.9
105.8
103.5
102.5
104.1

101.5
106.3
104.8
104.5

102.5
107.0
104.8
103.4
104.8

104.6
105.6
102.9
105.9

104.5
105.8
103.6
105.9

103.8
105.6
104.1
105.9
103.4

104.2
105.0
103.8
106.6
103.0

101.8 102.1

102.4
102.4
103.2

101.8
102.2
100.9
101.5 101.0 101.4
01.1
101.6 100.8 1102.9
101. 3

103.2
105.6

102.8

101.8

101.9
104. 5

101.8 101.2
101.8 104.9
102.9
102.0

102.6 102.0 101.6

2 Average of 46 cities.
2 All items indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every month
on a rotating cycle for 15 other cities.

1252

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

T a ble

D-3. Indexes of wholesale prices,1 by group and subgroup of commodities
[1957-59=100, unless otherwise specified] 3
1963

1962

Annual
Average

Commodity group
Aug.s

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

100.4 ‘ 100.6

Oct.

100.3

100.0

99.7

99.9

100.2

100.5

100.4

100.7

Farm products and processed foods

98.8

99.8

99.1

98.4

97.6

97.4

98.7

99.8

99.3

100.4

Farm products......... _....................
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables. _
Grains..................... ..........
Livestock and live p o u ltr y .._____
Plant and animal fibers___________
Fluid m ilk.................................
Eggs..............................................................
H ay. hayseeds, and oilseeds
Other farm products_____________
Processed foods_______________
Cereal and bakery products___
M eats, poultry and fish__________
Dairy products and ice cream
Canned and frozen ¡fruits and vegetables....................................
Sugar and confectionery_________
Packaged beverage materials_______
Animal fats and oils........................
Crude vegetable oils.......................
Refined vegetable oils..................
Vegetable oil end products_________
Miscellaneous processed foods 5 ____
All commodities except farm products__
All commodities except farm and foods__
Textile products and apparel_________
Cotton products________________
Wool products.. ...............
Manmade fiber textile products
Silk products......................................
Apparel_____________
Miscellaneous textile products6_____
Hides, skins, leather, and leather products___________________
Hides and skins_____________________
Leather_____ ____ _____
Footwear_______________
Other leather products_________
Fuel and related products, and power___
Coal_________________________
Coke_________ ______
Gas fu els7___________________
Electric pow er7.................... ..........
Crude petroleum and natural gasoline..
Petroleum products, refined...
Chemicals and allied products________
Industrial chemicals_______________
Prepared paint___________________
Paint materials_________________
Drugs and pharmaceuticals_______ .
Fats and oils, inedible______ _____
Mixed fertilizer____________________
Fertilizer materials______
Other chemicals and allied products—
Rubber and rubber products__________
Crude rubber_____________
Tires and tubes_________
Miscellaneous rubber products 9
Lumber and wood products_______ ____
Lumber________________
Millwork_____________
Plywood______________
Pulp, paper, and allied products________
W oodpulp___________________
Wastepaper____ ________ . . . .
Paper____________________
Paperboard. __________
C onverted paper and paperboard products_______________ _____
Building paper and board........... .........

96.3
92.6
98.5
93.5
99.6

96.8
97.0
99.5
94.4

94.4
99.8
102.9

95.4
99.6
105.1

95.4
99.0
103.7
85.6

96.5
96.5
103.0
89.5

98.5
104.0

97.3
88.5

96.0
111.3
88.4
89.1
100.9
106.0 ‘ 106.4
95.2 ‘ 96.3
107.9 107.3

94.9
97.1
101.4
89.3
101.4
97.9
79.2
113.8
89.3
102.4
107.0
94.1
106.6

81.3
110.7
89.4
99.3
108.1
90.3
106.9

94.1
99.3
101.3

99.8
113.8
89.0
99.0
108.0
91.8
107.1

99.1
113.5
89.1
100.5
108.6
95.6
108.0

96.2
98.1
101.9
99.3
108.2
89.0
100.9
107.6
99.4
108.1

99.3
96.4
99.5
98.3
97.6
102.4
112.4
106.9
90.1
101.3
107.7

97.5
98.5
98.6
97.5
102.5
103.1
103.1
89.7
101.5
107.6

108.0

107.7

104.7 ‘ 105.7
120.3
80.9
81.1
84.3 ‘ 82.7
77.3
83.6
84.3
79.6
87.0
105.5 104.5

104.6
132.1
81.1
79.2
83.3
84.4
87.0
103.9

103.4
133.6
80.9
77.2
84.2
85.8
87.0

102.9
113.9
80.9
79.1
83.3
84.1
87.2
101.4

101.3
106.1
79.1
80.0
83.8
90.0
90.5
101.5
100.4

99.8
105.1
79.1

96.3
102.5
79.1
92.2
79.8
88.7
91.8

96.4
103.0
79.1
95.2
80.9

93.9
136.6

‘ 93.7
134.5

93.8
148.0

93.8
144.4

116.5

115.1

117.4

118.2

93.8
150.9
101.3
116.3

93.6
129.5
101.7

103.6
80.5

104.3
83.5

104.5
85.8
102.5
108.2
104.3
100.9
94.9
103.6
120.3

104.8
87.4
103.2
108.2
104.4
100.4
94.2
103.6

104.5
85.0

(8)

(8)

All commodities___________

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

100.6

100.2
99.8
87.5

111.1
102.2

111.2

86.8 88.2
102.0 101.8 100.8
98.3
99.6 101.1

101.7
97.3
77.1
112.5
89.5
101.7
107.6
91.9
106.8

102.0 101.1

100.1

111.9
87.4

100.8

107.4
97.9
107.8

100.0
105.0
79.1
82.8
81.0
88.4
91.9

95.7

102.8

Sept.

100.6 101.2
102.1
98.7 100.6

100.3

102. 6

101.7
99.3
94.3
132.4

101.6 101.8
121.6 122.1 119.4

101.7
99.1
93.9
125.9
101.5
122.4

107.0
105.1
106.9
108.8
103.9
99.5
95.6
103.6
117.8

107.4
106.2
108.5
108.7
104.3

98.2
97.2
97.0
95.9
103.8
95.3
95.0
73.0
103.9
98.4
99.4
92.7
92.3
86.4
99.1
97.4
97.7
102.7
92.1
99.7
93.6
95.1

98.1
98.2
97.5
96.3
103.8
95.6
96.0
76.3
103.8
101.9
99.4
93.3
93.6
87.1
99.4
96.5
96.5

105.1
88.4
103.7
108.3
104.7

106.0
95.2
105.2
108.3
104.9
100.4
98.3
103.6

106.9

107.3
107.1
106.8
108.4
105.0
100.7
97.7
103.6
122.3
102.7
98.1
98.6
97.0
95.9
103.8
93.9
95.1
75.9
103.1
99.2
99.5
93.7
92.8

107.4
108.8
106.5
108.4
104.8

107.5

106.1
108.5
105.5

96.6
103.6

88.0

97.2
103.6
122.7
102.7
98.1
98.9
97.1
96.1
103.8
93.9
95.1
76.7
103.4
99.0
99.5
93.1
92.7
86.4

99.7
96.3
96.3
102.3
91.5
99.1
89.4
96.0

100.0

102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2
94.1
94.1
94.1
94.1

96.6
96.7
102.3
91.9
99.3
91.3
96.1
102.3
94.0

121.8
(8)

96.1
96.0
94.6
103.9
89.0
95.0
81.6
103.6
96.9
98.9
93.6
90.7
90.9
97.5

102.6
102.7
104.9
104.1
99.1
91.7
91.2

99.7
97.5

120.1
102.0 102.2 102.2
(8)

98.7
99.9
‘ 96.0
96.3
94.7
95.0
103.0 103.0
‘ 89.2
91.1
95.2
‘ 95.1
‘ 81.4
80.6
103.6 103.6
‘ 99.8
98.7
98.6
93.0
93.1
91.6
92.5
89.1
89.1
97.5
97.5
‘ 101.6
98.3
‘ 102.1
99.2
‘ 104.2 ‘ 103.0
‘ 100.9
92.6
99.0
99.4
91.7
91.3
91.4
90.8

100.8

‘ 99.6
97.5

100.3
97.5

98.1
103.6
127.8
102.4

100.8

(8)

(8)

(8)

120.8
102.5
(8)

100.8

98.3
103.6
123.1
102.7
98.1
98.6
96.8
95.9
103.8
92.9
94.8
72.8

99.1
96.4
95.0
103.0
91.7
95.2
78.6
103.6
102.3
98.6
93.2
92.6
89.1
97.5
97.5
98.4
102.4
90.9
99.1
91.3
89.8

98.2
96.3
95.0
103.7
91.5
95.1

94.1

94.1

94.1

94.1

94.1

94.1

99.9
96.2

99.7
95.5

99.7
94.1

99.9
95.5

99.6
95.6

99.6
96.2

99.7
96.6

77.7

103.7
102.3
98.6
94.1
92.8
89.0
99.8
97.0
97.6
102.4
91.0
99.0
91.3
92.5

98.2
96.8
95.4
103.7
93.0
95.2
74.5
103.6
102.3
99.5
94.1
92.7
89.0
99.8
96.5
96.6
102.5
91.2
99.0
89.4
96.6

97.1
96.7
95.2
103.8
93.0
95.1
72.7
103.6
102.3
99.5
94.2
93.7
89.0
99.7
96.1
96.2
102.3
90.5
99.1
89.4
96.1

98.2
96.9
96.0
103.8
93.0
95.2
71.7
103.0

100.8
99.6
94.3
94.1
89.0
99.7
95.9
95.9
102.3
90.5
99.0
89.4
94.7

102.8
99.6
99.5
94.4
94.7
89.0
99.7
95.8
95.8

102.1
90.4
99.0
89.4
94.6

95.2
105.4
91.8

101.7

93.6
130.3
101.7
127.8

108.2
104.5
100.3
95.0
103.6
124.1
102.4

98.0
105.2
89.9
101.5
107.8

98.0

93.7
143.3
101.7
127.9

108.4 108.4
103.7 ‘ 104.0
99.0 ‘ 100.4
95.9 ‘ 95.8
103.6 103.6
‘ 121.2
101.9

97.7
97.7
98.8
96.2
98.4

81.9
88.4
84.5
93.1
97.3

93.7
149.8
101.3
123.3

101.6

98.6

97.6
90.9
98.1
98.5
98.4

102.2 101.2

96.6

102.1

93.7
151.1
101.4
118.2

105.1
85.9
104.7
108.3
104.8
100.3
98.4
103.6
127.8
102.5

100.3

99.6

97.1
102.7
82.6
89.5
77.9
85.2
92.9

86.2
90.9
101.2 104.6
100.2
100.6 100.7 100.8 100.8 100.8
100.4 100.6 100.6 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7
100.1 100.2 100.3 100.4 100.6 100.5 100.5
100.1 100.2 100.5 100.6 100.8 100.7 101.0
100.8 100.8 100.7 100.7 100.2 100.1 99.6

102.8

100.6

99.8

107.6
99.1
106.9

93.8
150.9
101.4
114.9

100.1 102.2

100.5

101.0

100.1 100.0

110.7
99.8
90.8
103.3
107.6
106.8
106.0

100.2

102.2 102.2 102.0 101.6

1961

101.6 100.8 101.2

82.5
89.2
91.9
101.5

86.1
01.8
100.8 101.1 101.0 1100.7
100.8 ‘ 100.8 100.7 100.5
100.4 100.4 100.3 100.2
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.7
100.6 ‘ 100. 5 ‘ 100.8 100.6

1962 2

96.0
93.7
95.6
92.5
94.8
103.9
99.0
107.2
93.2
100.7
105.1
95.4
107.5

94.9
98.6
104.4
97.4

79.1
85.2
78.9
90.0
91.8
100.4

86.0

Aug.

82.4
91.4
76.7
84.6
92.6

102.8
101.2
100.8
100.6

101.3
99.4
94.0
125.2

110.8

106.6
108.8
104.0

100.8 100.8
98.2
99.2
96.9
95.9
103.8
94.5
95.0
72.3
103.9
98.6
99.5
92.8
92.0
86.4
99.4
97.0
97.2
102.3
92.2
99.5
93.6
96.4
102.4
94.0
97.1

83.7
94.4

108.3

101.1 101.8 102.7
105.8
100.8 100.9 100.8
100.6 100.8 100.8
100.8 100.6 99.7

100.2

96.8
103.6
119.2

120.1
102.8 102.8 102.8

100.0 100.0
96.3

106.1

101.2

100.4
97.1
93.4
113.2

101.0

123.4

106.2
107.9
106.0
107.4
103.2
100.7
97.7
103.6
118.7
102.4
98.0
99.3
99.1
98.4
103.6
99.6
98.3
87.5

102.6
104.3
99.2
96.1
96.3
92.4

100.0

93.2
97.5

95.9
94.7
101.9
95.7
98.8
95.0
80.5

94.0

93.1

92.5

100.4
97.1

101.0

101.8
92.4
100.0

102.6 102.6 102.2
97.2

99.5

100.8

1253

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T a ble

D-3. Indexes of wholesale prices,1 by group and subgroup of commodities—Continued
[1957-59=100, unless otherwise specified2]
1962

1963

Annual
Average

Commodity group
Aug.3 July
All commodities except farm and foods—
Continued
Metals and metal products...................... —
Iron and steel._ _______ ______ ______
Nonferrous metals______ ____________
M etal containers________________ . . .
Hardware__________________ . . . ----Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings___
Heating equipment___________
...
Fabricated structural metal products..
Fabricated nonstructural metal prod­
ucts____________________________
Machinery and motive products---------Agricultural machinery and equipment.
Construction machinery and equip­
m ent_______ ____________ . . . . .
Metalworking machinery and equip­
m ent___________________ _____ ____
General purpose machinery and equip­
m ent_________ ____ ________ ____
Miscellaneous machinery____________
Special industry machinery and equip­
ment 10____ _________________ . . .
Electrical machinery and equipment__
Motor vehicles------- -------------------------Transportation equipment, railroad
rolling stock 10_______ _________ _
Furniture and other household durables
Household furniture.................................
Commercial furniture_______________
Floor coverings-------------- ----------------Household appliances________________
Television, radio receivers, and phonogranhs.. --------------------- ---------Other household durable goods_______
Nonmetallic mineral products__________
Flat glass___________________________
Concrete ingredients________________
Concrete products . .
----------- -----Structural clay products----------- -------Gypsum products___________________
Prepared asphalt roofing---------- --------Other nometallic minerals____________
Tobacco products and bottled beverages..
Tobacco products___________________
Alcoholic beverages_____________ ____
Nonalcoholic beverages______________
Miscellaneous products________________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, am­
munition.
____ .
Manufactured animal feeds__________
Notions and accessories___________ ..
Jewelry, watches and photographic
equipm ent............................ ..........
Other miscellaneous products________

1

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

99.0
98.7
104.9
104.0

99.9
99.3
98.7
104.6
103.9

99.4
98.5
98.2
104.5
103.9

99.4
98.6
98.0
104.5
104.0

93.3
98.2

93.0
98.2

92.9
97.6

99.4
98.4
98.1
104.5
103.9
101.3
92.6
97.8

92.4
98.0

99.5
98.8
98.0
104.5
103.8
97.5
92.5
98.1

99.3
98.7
97.7
103.7
103.8
97.5
93.3
98.1

99.3
98 4
98.3
103.7
103.8
97.5
92.8
98.1

99.4
98.7
97.9
103.7
103.7
97.2
92.7
98.2

99.7
99.0
98.9
103.7
103.7
96.8
92.6
98.2

99.8
99.1
99.0
103.7
103.7
96.8
92.9
98.3

104.9

104.0

103.8
101.9
110.9

102.0 102.2 102.3
111.0 110.8 110.8

103.7

103.7

103.7

103.8
102.3
110.5

103.9

102.2
110. 2

103.8
<102.4
109.6

103.9
102.3
109. 4

103.9
102.3
109.4

June

100.1 100.0 100.0

99.1
99.4
105.0
104.1

100.6
93.1
98.4

99.0
99.0
105.0
104.1
* 100.6
93.3
98.3

104.9 105.0
* 102.1
110.9 * 110. 9

102.1

100.6 100.8 100.8
102.0 102.0
111.0 110.9

2


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1961

100.0

100.7
100.7
100.4

100.1
93.2
98.2

103.8
103.2
94.6
99.0

103.9
102.3
109.5

103.1
102.3
107.4

99.3
99.2
103.7
104.0

102.0

m

110.0
110.2

109.7

109.6

109.2

108.8

108.8

108.5

108.3

108.3

108.2

108.0

107.7

107.7

107.8

107.5

* 109.9

109.6

109.4

109.4

109.1

109.1

109.2

109.3

109.3

109.3

109.3

109.5

109.3

107.0

104.0
103.4

103.9
103.4

103.5
103.4

103.4
103.3

103.4
103.4

103.4
103.7

103.6
103.4

103.9
103.4

103.8
103.4

103.7
103.3

103.7
103.3

103.6
103.2

103.3
103.5

103.3
103.4

102.8
102.8

104.2 i 104.1
97.1 4 97.2
99.5
99.8

103.9
97.7
99.3

103.9
97.7
99.8

100.2

103.9
97.0

103.1
97.1
100.7

100.5
98.1
104.6
103.0
96.6
91.7

100.5
4 98.0
104.5

100.5
98.1
104.5

96.6
4 91.7

95.9
91.9

100.5
98.0
104.4
102.3
95.7
92.0

100.5
98.1
104.4
102.3
95.9
92.1

100. 5
98.2
104.6
102.3
96.0
92.3

100.4
103.1 102.9 102.8 102.5 102.2 102.0 102.0 101.9
98.4
98.4
98.4
98.1
98.0
100.0
98.1
97.8 ‘ 97.8
100.8 100.8 100.8 100.8 100.7 101.1 101.2 100.8 100.8
100.2
100.5 100.5 100.5 100. 5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5
98.6
98.8
99.5
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.5
98.7
98.3
102.8
104.5 104.5 104.2 104.1 104.0 103.9 104.0 103.8
101.8
102.3 102.3 102.3 102. 5 102.5 102.5 102.5 102.3

87.7 4 87.7
103.3 4 103.4
100.9
96.6
103.0 103.2
101.5 4 101.5
103.6 103.5
105.8 105.0

88.9
103.2

88.9
102.9
101.3
96.6
103.0
101.9
104.0
105.0
92.7
101.4
105.2
104.5

89.4
103.0
101.5
96.6
103.0

102.8 102.8 102.8 102.8

89.4

90.1

101.5
96.6
103.0

101.5
96.6
103.0

103.8
105.0
94.1
101.4
104.4
102.3

103.6
105.0
94.1
101.5
104.3

103.6
105.0
94.1
101.5
104.3

102.8 102.8

101.2
100.1

88.2 88.2
100.7 101.2

101.2
96.6
103.2
101.9
104.0
105.0
89.1
101.3
105.8
105.7

95.9
92.3

102.2 102.2 102.2

96.4
93.0

96.8
93.1

96.8
93.0

96.7
93.2

96.7
93.4

97.0
94.0

99.3
95.2

90.1

90.4

'90.4
102.9

90.7
102.9

91.1
103.1

95.3
102.5

101.5
96.6
103.2
102.5
103.5
105.0
89.4
102.4
104.3

96.6
103.3

96.6
103.3
102.7
103.4
105.0
89.4

90.7
103.1
101.5
96.6
103.3

90.8
102.9

101.4
96.6
.7
102.5
103.7
105.0
89.4

103.6
105.0
89.4
101.5
104.2

103.6
105.0
89.4
101.7
104.2

103.5
105.0
94.8

103.2
103.8
98.6

107.2

107.3

103.9

96.2
92.3

102

101.6 101.6
102.8
103.4
105.0
89.4
102. 4
104.5
.2
101.5
117.4
109.8

101.6 101.8 101.8
97.0
96.6
96.8
102.8
103.3 103.2
102.6 102.6 102.6 102.5

102.2
102.2
104.5
104.3
102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102 102.2 102.0
101.5 101.1
101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1
117.4 117.1
127.7 4127.7 118.2 117.4 117.4 117.4 117.4 117.4 117.4
111.2 110.4 108.1 107.6 108.0 110.8 111.5 111.6 110.2
108.7 109.1
101.2 4 101.0 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.5 101.1 101.3 101.3 101.2 101.2 101.1
117.7 116.3 112.1 111.2 111.9 117.1 118.2 118.3 115.7 114. 9 112.8 113.7

107.5 4107.5
105.7 105.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

98.7

103.9

103.9
100.9

103.8
101.3

103.9
101.4

103.8
101.4

103.9
101.7

104.0
101.7

101.8

104.0

104.4
101.5

104. 4
101.7

104.4

104.4

101.1

As of January 1961, new weights reflecting 1958 values were introduced
into the index. See “ Weight Revisions in the Wholesale Price Index 18901960,” M o n th ly Labor R e v iew , February 1962, pp. 175-182.
As of January 1962, the indexes were converted from the former base of
1947-49=100 to the new base of 1957-59=100. Technical details and earlier
data on the 1957-59 base furnished upon request to the Bureau.
Preliminary.

2

101.1

1962 3

101.0 100.8
110.2 110.6
98.7

98.7

100.9
104.6
98.9

104.4

104.2
101.3

101.2

101.6 101.2 101.0

< Revised.
Formerly titled “ other processed foods.”
Formerly titled “ other textile products.”
January 1958=100.
Discontinued.
Formerly titled “ other rubber products.”
January 1961=100.

2
6
7
8
5
10

102.2 102.2
104.1
103.2
102.0 102.1 102.0
101.1 101.0 100.6
112.8
117.1 116.9

103.5

1254

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

Table D 4. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[1957-59=100, unless otherwise specified]2
1963

Commodity group

A ll foods................................................ .......
a h fish _______________________________ I ! ! ] ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ” !
A ll co m m o d itie s except farm p ro d u c te " I I I I I I I I I I I I I
T e x tile p ro d u c ts, ex clu d in g h a rd fib er p ro d u c ts _____
B itu m in o u s coal—d o m estic sizes_______________
R efin ed p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts ..................
IIIIIIIII
E a s t C o ast m a rk e ts ______________________
M id c o n tin e n t m a rk e ts ________________ I I I I I I I I I I
G u lf C oast m a rk e ts ______________________ I I I I I I I
P a cific C o ast m a rk e ts __________________ I
M id w e s t m a rk e ts «_____________~ ~
Soaps_______ __________ _____________ "**“ ! ’ ...............
S y n th e tic d e te rg e n ts ______ ________ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
P h a rm a c e u tic a l p re p a ra tio n s _____________ I I I I I
E th ic a l p re p a ra tio n s •______ ______ _____________
A n ti-in fectiv es 5_____________________H ”
A n ti- a r th r itic s «____________________ I I I I I I I I "
S ed ativ es a n d h y p n o tic s 5_______ I „ I H ...........
A ta ra c tic s «__________________________
A nti-sp asm o d ics a n d a n ti-ch o lin erg ics 5_____
C ard io v a sc u la rs a n d a n ti-h y p e rte n s iv e s f
D ia b e tic s s___________________
H o rm o n e s «_________________________ “31
D iu re tic s 5___________________ I I I I I I I
D e rm a to lo g ic a ls «___________ I I I I I I I ~
H e r m a tin ic s »___________________I I I I I I
A nalgesics s___________________ I __ I I I I I I
A n ti-o b e sity p re p a ra tio n s 5_________ I I I I I I I I
C ough a n d cold p re p a ra tio n s s
V ita m in s 5____________________________
P ro p rie ta ry p re p a ra tio n s __________
V ita m in s 5________________________ II I I "
C ough a n d cold p re p a ra tio n s L I I I I I I I I I I
L a x a tiv e s a n d e lim in a tio n a id s « . I __
"""
In te rn a l analgesics «_____________I __H3
T o n ics a n d a lte ra tiv e s s___________ I I
E x te rn a l analgesics 5____________ I
............
A n tisep tics 5_____________________
A n ta c id s 5____________________
L u m b e r a n d w ood p ro d u c ts (excluding m ill w ork)
Softw ood lu m b e r______________________
P u lp , p a p e r, a n d a llied p ro d u c ts (excluding b u ild in g
p a p e r a n d b o a rd ) ________________________
Special m e ta ls a n d m e ta l p ro d u c ts « II I I I I .........
Steel m ill p ro d u c ts ________________________
M a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t__________I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I !
A g ric u ltu ra l m a c h in e ry (in c lu d in g tra c to rs )__________
M eta lw o rk in g m a c h in e ry ______________
A ll tra c to rs ___________________
“
............
I n d u s tria l v a lv e s ________I I I I I I I I
In d u s tria l fittin g s ............ ............. I I I I I I I I I . I I I I I I I I I I '
A n tifric tio n b e arin g s a n d c o m p o n e n ts..
A b rasiv e g rin d in g w h e e ls ......................
C o n stru ctio n m a te ria ls ______
~

1 See footnote 1, table D-3.
2 See footnote 2, table D-3.
Preliminary.
i Revised.

3


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1962

Annual a verage

Aug. July

June M ay Apr. Mar. Feb.

Jan.

Dec. Nov.

Oct.

Sept. Aug.

100.0
105.5
100. 8
98.0
96. 6
96.1
96. 2
95. 4
97.1
87. 2
92.1
105. 4
99. 6
96. 8

101.3
110 0
101.1
97. 9
* 96. 3
98.7
96.2
4 99.7
100.1
88.2
94. 6
103. 5
99. 6
4 96. 9
4 95.8
88.3 88.3
100.6 100.6
113. 2 113.2
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
101.3 101.3
103.8 103. 8
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
104.3 4104.3
108.8 108.8
101.8 101.8
100.0 100. 0
100. 4 100. 4
87. 7 87. 7
101. 2 101. 5
100. 3 100.3
98.6 100.1
103. 8 103.8
101.9 101.9
100. 0 100.0
102, 3 102. 3
102. 9 102.9
98. 9 98.9
102. 8 4101.7
102. 6 4101. 9

101.1
114.4
101.0
98.0
94.2
99.9
96.2
105. 4
99.7
89.7
95.8
103. 5
99.6
96.8
95.7
88.3
100.6
113.2
100.0
100.0
101.3
103 8
100.0
100.0
100.8
108.8
101.8
100. 0
100. 4
88.1
101. 5
100.3
100.1
103. 8
101.9
100.0
102.3
102.9
98.9
97.7
98.5

100.7
115.9
100.7
98.0
92.9
99 1
96.2
102.6
99.7
90.7
93.3
103.5
99.6
96.9
95.7
88.5
100.6
113.2
100.0
100.0
101.3
103.8
100.0
100.0
100.8
108.8
101.8
100.0
100.7
88.1
101. 6
100.3
100.1
103.8
101.9
100.0
102.3
102.9
100.1
96.7
97.5

98.7
113.6
100.2
98.2
95.5
98.2
98.9
99.7
97.7
90.7
94.5
103.5
99.6
96.8
95.7
88.5
100.6
112.5
100.0
100.0
100.7
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.8
101.8
100.0
100.7
88.1
101.6
100.3
100.1
103.8
101.9
100.0
102.3
102.9
100.1
96.1
96.5

99.0
117.2
100.4
98.3
100.6
98.2
98.9
98.6
97.7
90.7
95.5
103.5
99.6
96.8
95.7
88.5
100.6
112.5
100.0
100.0
100.7
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.8
101.8
100.0
100.7
88.1
101.6
100.3
100.1
103.8
101.9
100.0
102.3
102.9
100.1
95.4
95.6

100.1
118.4
100.6
98.4
101.5
97.1
98.9
88.6
97.9
90.7
98.0
103.5
99.6
96.6
95.7
88.5
100.6
112.5
100.0
100.0
100.7
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.8
101.8
100.0
100.7
88.1
101.0
100.3
.1
101.7
101. 3
100.0
102.3
102.9
100.1
94.9
95.3

101.1
121.9
100.7
98.4
101.5
98.2
98.9
94.4
97.9
91.7
97.6
103.5
99.6
96.6
95.7
88.5
100.6
112.5
1.00. 0
100. 0
100.7
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.8
101.8
100.0
100. 7
88.1
100.9
100.3
99.5
101.7
101. 3
102.3
101.7
100.1
94.6
95.0

99.9
120.9
100.8
98.5
101.5
98.6
100.1
97.5
97.4
91.7
97.7
103.5
99.6
96.1
95.0
86.6
100.6
112.5
100.0
100.0
98.7
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.5
101.8
100.0
100. 6
88.1
100.7
100.3
100.1
101.6
101. 3
100.0
101.3
100.9
98.9
94.6
95.0

101.3
118.3
100.8
98.3
100 4
98.6
98.9
101.4
95.6
91.7
98.3
103.5
99.6
96.4
95.4
87.6
100.6
112.5
100.0
100.0
101.6
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.5
101.8
100.0
100.6
88.1
100.7
100.3
100.1
101.6
101.3
1010
101.3
100.9
98.9
95.2
95.6

101.2
119.0
100.8
98.4
99.1
98.9
97.8
101.4
97.9
91.4
97.2
103.5
99.8
96.3
95.4
87.6
100.6
112.5
100.0
100.0
100.9
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108.5
101.8
100.0
100.8
88.1
100.5
99. 6
100.1
101. 6
101.3
100.0
100.8
100.1
98.9
95.6
96.1

102.9
119.8
101.2
98. 7
98.1
99.2
97.8
101.4
99.2
91.4
97. 2
103. 5
99.8
96.3
95.4
87.7
100.6
112. 5
100.0
100.0
100.9
103.8
99.6
100.0
100.8
108. 5
101.8
100.0
100.6
88.1
100.5
100. 3
100.1
101. 6
101.1
100.0
100.7
100.1
98.9
96.1
96.8

100. 7
100.1
98.9
96.4
97.3

99.2 4 99.1
100.4 100. 4
102. 0 102.1
103.1 4103. 0
112.1 112. 0
109. 8 4109.5
111. 2 4110.9
106. 8 107. 5
97. 2 95. 4
90. 8 90. 8
96.3 96. 3
99. 7 4 99. 3

99.5
100.2
102.1
103.1
112. 2
109.1
111. 3
107.4
91. 7
90.8
96.3
98.3

99.2
100.2
102. 0
103.0
112.2
108.9
111. 1
107.4
91.1
90.8
96. 4
98.1

99.2
100.0
101.2
102.7
112.1
108.8
110. 7
107.4
90.9
90.8
96.4
97.8

99.2
100.1
101.1
102.6
112.0
108.4
110.6
107.4
90.9
90.8
97.7
97.7

99.3
100.2
101.3
102.9
111.9
108.5
100.5
107.4
94. 6
90.8
97.7
97.6

99.1
100.2
101.3
103.0
111.8
108.6
110.4
107.8
94.6
90.8
97.7
97.7

99.1
100.1
101.3
103.0
111.4
108.7
110.2
108.0
94.6
90.8
97. 7
97. 7

99.2
100.1
101.3
102.8
111. 3
108.7
110.0
108.0
94.6
90.8
97.7
97.9

99.4
100.1
101.4
103.0
110.7
108.8
109.5
108.0
94.6
90.8
97.7
98.0

99. 6
100.4
101. 3
102.8
110.5
108. 7
109.2
107.7
93.9
90.8
97. 7
98.1

99.9
100.5
101. 3
102.8
110.4
109.0
109.1
107.3
93.9
90.8
97. 7
98.3

100

100. 0

100.5
121.6
100.8
99. 0
95.9
97. 2
97.8
101.4
99.2
91.4
87. 0
102.2
99.8
96.3
95. 4
87.7
100.6
112.5
100.0
100. 0
100.9
103.8
99. 6
100. Ó
100.8
108. 5
101.8
100.0
100.6
88.1
100.5
100. 3
100.1
101. 6
101.1

100. 0

1962 3
100 6
119 2
100. 9
98 8
98 3
98 2
99 4
98 2
98 6
90 9
94 2
102 6
99 7
97. 3
96. 9
93 1
100 6
112 5
100 0
100 0
100 5
104. 6
99 6
100 0
100 7
108.5
101 8
100. 0
100. 0
88 1
100 5
100.1
100. 0

101 1
101. 2

1961
100 0
107 9
100 8
97 7
99 Q
99 3
100 9
99 fi
1 0 1 I2
89 9
93 5
1014

100
98
99
99

8
9
3
3

100 3

102 6
100 0
100 0
100 5
101.9
100 6
100 0
100 2
106 1
100 9
100 0
99 4
95 0
100 1
100 0
100 0
99. 8

100. 8
100.2
99. 8
95. 6
95.9

100 4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
9 4 .7
9 3 .5

100.1
100.5
101 4
102.9
110. 5
108.8
109. 4
107. 4
93. 0
90.8
98. 5
98.3

98 7
101 0
101 7
102 9
108 3
106 6
108 0
108 7
88 2
92 5
96 2
98.6

100. 0

6 N ew series. January 1961=100.
6 Metals and metal products, agricultural machinery and equipment, and
motor vehicles.

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able

1255

D-5„ Indexes of wholesale prices,1 by stage of processing and durability of product
[1957-59=100]2
1963

Commodity group

1962

A ug.3 July June M ay Apr. Mar. Feb.
All commodities__________________________________

100.4 U00.6 100.3

100.0

99.7

99.9

Jan.

100.2 100 5

Annual average

Dec. Nov.

Oct. Sept. Aug.

100.4 100. 7

100.6 101.2 100.5

1962 3

1961

100.6

100.3

97.1
96.8
97.4

96.1
94.9
97.9

96.9

97.4

Stage o f processin g

Crude materials for further processing__
95.7 96.1 94.8 94.2 95. 0 94.5
Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs____
95.4 96.1 93.7 92.8 93.9 92.8
. 95.6 95.9 96.4 96.6 96.5 96.7
Crude nonfood materials except fuel_________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for
manufacturing_________ ______ . . . _______ 94.9 95.3 95.8 96.0 95.9 96.2
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for construction________________________________ 103.1 103.2 103.2 103.0 103.0 103,1
Crude fu e l... ___________ ___________ ________
1101.9
100.5 102.3 105.4
Crude fuel for manufacturing_______
100.5 102.3 105.3
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing____________ 102.4
100.7 102. 5 105.8
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components.......
In termed iate materials and componen ts for manufacturing______________________________
Intermediate materials for food manufacturing.
Intermediate materials for nondurable manufacturing___ ____________________________
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing________________________________
Components for m anufacturing___________
Materials and components for construction______
Processed fuels and lubricants__________________
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing___ _____________________________
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufacturing____________________________ .
Containers, nonretumable_______________
. .
Supplies__________________________
Supplies for manufacturing.. . _____________
Supplies for nonmanufacturing_____________
Manufactured animal feeds_____________
Other supplies_________________________
Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods
and fuels)........................................................................... .
Consumer finished goods______________ ________
Consumer foods"_________________ __________
Consumer crude foods________________
Consumer processed foods.............................
Consumer other nondurable goods.....................
Consumer durable goods___________________
Producer finished goods________________________
Producer finished goods for manufacturing___
Producer finished goods for nonmanufacturing.

102.2
101.0
102.11101.8 101.0
1102.1 101.2
100 5 1100.6 100.6 100.5
99.1 199.4 99.7
4106.4 109.8

102.8

96.6 196.8

97.0

99.9

95.6
94.7
96.4

96.8
97.1
95.8

96.8
97.1
95.8

97.6
98.2
95.9

95.8

95.2

95.1

95.3

103.0
105.6
105.5
106.0

102.7
103.3
103.2
103.5

103.2
104.0
103.9
104.3

103.3
103.4
103.4
103.7

97.4
97.9
96.0

100.6

99.2
96.3

97.2
97.4
96.6

95.3

95.7

96.0

103.3 103.3 103.3
103. 2
103.2
103.5

102.0 100.6
102.0 100.6
102.2 100.8
100.0 100.1 100.2 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.2 100.1

99.7

98.8

98.6

98.7

97.1

97.1

97.1

97.2

110.2 103.5 101.2 101.2 198.8
01.0
97.3

98.7
99.9
97.3

102.8
101.8 102.3
101.8 102.2
102.0 102.4
100.2 100.3
103.2

98.8

98.9

99.0

99.1
99.8

99.2
100.5

102.6

97.4

97.6

97.7

97.8

98.0

98.6

100.2 100.8 100.4

99. 8

101.01100.8 100.4 100.1 99.6 99.7 99.8 100.0 99.9 100.1 100.1 100.4 100.5 100.4 100.5
98.7 198.6 98.7 98. 6 98.2 98.2 98.5 98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.7
98. 8
99.6
100.5 100.1 99.4 99.2 99.0 98.9 98.9 98.8 98.9 99.0 99.1 99.2 99.3
99.3
99.7
99.9 101.4 101.8 101.4 100.8 100.8 100.3 100.6 101.4 101.7 102.0 102.1 100.8 101.2 101.6
101.2 102.3 102.6 102.4 102.0 102.2 101.9 101.9 102.6 102.7 102.9 102.9 101.9 102.3 102.5
97.6 99.7 100.3 99.7 98.6 98.4 97.6 98.4 99.4 100.0 100.4 100.6 99.0
4
100.1
101.01100.8 101.4 101.2 100.9 101.1 101.4
101.6 101.5 101.6 101.4 101.4 101.6 199.
02.2 100.9
106.2 1105.8 105.0 104.7 105.1 106.4 106. 7 106.6

105.1 1105.0 105.1 105.2 105.9
106.1 105.6 104.3 104.0 104.2
110.9 109.7 105.6 104.8 105. 4
101.3

101.2 101.6 101.6 101.6

105. 7
106.1
110.5
101.5

105.8
106.5
111.4
101.5

105.9 105.6 105.0
105. 7 105.9 105.9 106.1
106. 4 105.3 104.9 104.0
111.5 109.1 108.3 108.2
101.3
100.9

101.1 101.0

105.2
106.0
104.3
107.0

104.3
105.8
103.2
103.7

100.8 101.1

104.5
105.7
103.5
104.1
101.3

102.3
105.2

100.6
97. 5
100.5

101.4 101.8 101.5 101.1 100.8 101.1 101.5 101.8 101.6 102.0 101.9 102 6 101.7
101.4
100.8 101.2 100.8 100.4 99.9 100.3 100.9 101.2 101.0 101.5 101.5 102 3 101.1 101.7
101.2 100.9
100.2 101.0 100.1 99.4 98.2
99.0 100.4 101.4 100.7 102.1 101.9 103.9 101.3
101.3
100.4
95.7 95.4 92.5 93.2 94.2 99.5 98.9 103.4 95.9 102.8 100.9 101.5 96.3
98.6
97.6
100.9 101.9 101.3 100.3 98.9 98.9 100.7 101.1 101.4 101.9 102.0 104.3 102.1 101.7
100.8
101.9 4102. 3 102.1 101.8 101.6 101.8 101.7 101.7 101.8 101.7 101.8 101.7 101.4
1
0
1
.6
101.5
99.3 199.4 99.3 99.4 99.5 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.9 100 0 99.9 100.1 100.1 100.0 100.5
103.0 1103.0 103.0 102.9 102.9 102.9 103.0 103.0 103.0 102.9 102.8 102.9 103.0
102.9
102.5
105.1 105.0 104.9 104. 7 104. 7 104. 5 104. 6 104. 7 104.7 104.6 104.5 104.5 104.5
104. 4
103.8
101.0U01.1 101.2 101.1 101.2 101.4 101.4 101.5 101.4 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.4
101.2
.

D u ra b ility o f p ro d u c t

100.8 100.6 100.6
101.0
100.1
100.2 100.0
101.2 100.0
100.8 101.0 100.8
100.0 100.2
100.6 100.6
1
0
1
.1
101.2 101.1
101.6
101.0 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1
100.2
100.0 100.0 100 100.2
100.0
100.2
100.2 101.1
88.6
100.1
101.0

Total durable goods____ ____ ______ ____ __________ 101.3 1 1 0 1 .1 100.9
100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.9
Total nondurable goods________ _____________ ____
99.6
99.8 99.4 99.0 99.2 99.7
100.5 100.4
Total manufactures___________ ____________________
100.4
100.4
100.7 100.7
100.7
Durable manufactures______________
101.5
100.9 100.9
101.3 101.3
Nondurable manufactures________
99.9 100.4
99.5 99.0 99.3 99.7
2
100.9
Total raw or slightly processed goods_______________
98.3 98.9 98.2 98.4 98.4 98.3 99.1
99.4 100 5
99.2
Durable raw or slightly processed goods____
90.0 89.3 89.3 89.9 89.4 88.7
87.9 86.4 85.4 86.3 87.8 88.3
Nondurable raw or slightly processed g o o d s... 98.8 99.5 98.7 98.9 98.9 98.9 99.7 100.9
101.4
101.9 99.9

1 See footnote 1, table D-3.
2 See footnote 2, table D-3.
2 Preliminary.
<Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

101.0 101.3
100.1 99.6
100.8 100.7
101.3
101.4
100.1 100.0
99.5
89.2

100.1

98.3
95.2
98.5

N ote : For description of the series by stage of processing, see “ N e w BLS
Economic Sector Indexes of Wholesale Prices,” M o n th ly L a b o r R eview ,
December 1955, pp. 1448-1453; and by durability of product and data be­
ginning with 1947, see W holesale P ric e s a n d P r ic e In dexes, 1957, BLS Bul­
letin 1235 (1958).

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1256

E.—Work Stoppages
T able E -l. Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Workers involved in stoppages

Number of stoppages
M onth and year

Beginning in
month or year

In effect dur­
ing month

Beginning in
month or year

2,862
3,573
4,750
4,985
3; 693
3i 419
3,606
4,843
4,737
5; 117
5,091
3,468
4,320
3,825
3,673
3; 694
3,708
3; 333
3 ; 367
3,614

1962: A u g u s t ...... .......................................................................
September--------- --------------------------------------- -------October__________ __________________ _________
November______________________________________
D ecem b er_____________ _____________________ -

252
297
261
230
133

617
541
506
442
331

129,000
91,700
98,800
81,000
45,200

1963: January 2 ____________ ________________________
February 2__________________________________ . . .
March 2________________________________________
A p ril2- ................................. ............................ - ................
M ay 2 . . . ________________ _____________________
June 2. ________________________________________
July 2. __________________ ____ _________________ August 2-_ .............................. ..............................................

230
200
225
350
425
450
400
325

360
320
350
475
600
675
660
575

75,000
60,000
45,000
100,000
125,000
135,000
115,000
75,000


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Number

Percent of
estimated
working time

16,900,000
39,700,000
38; 000,000
116,000,000
34,600,000
34,100,000
50,500,000
38,800,000
22,900,000
59,100,000
28,300,000
22,600,000
28,200,000
33,100,000
16,500,000
23,900,000
69,000,000
19,100,000
16,300,000
18,600,000

0.27
.46
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.59
.44
.23
.57
.26
.21
.26
.29
.14
.22
.61
.17
.14
.16

196,000
181,000
155,000
171,000
146,000

1,940,000
1,590,000
1,350,000
981,000
1,330,000

.18
.18
.13
.10
.14

185,000
120,000
90,000
130,000
165,000
190,000
220,000
185,000

2,340,000
1,100,000
1,110,000
1,050,000
1,750,000
1, 740,000
2,060,000
1,620,000

.23
. 12
.12
.10
.17
.18
.20
.15

1,130,000
2,380,000
3; 470,000
4,600,000
2,170,000
1,960,000
3,030.000
2,410,000
2,220,000
3,540,000
2,400,000
1, 530,000
2,650,000
1,900,000
1,390,000
2,060,000
1,880,000
1,320,000
1,450,000
1,230,000

1935-39 (average) _________ - ____ - _____ ____ „_________
_______________
1947-49 (average)
__
1045
UMfi
1947
.
.....................................................- ....................
1948
.
...............................................
.....................................................................
1949
1950
......................................—- .....................................1951
............................................. .............
1952
.............................................................................
1053
1954
...............................................................................
1955
„
......................................................
1056
_ ___
1957 .................................................................................................
1058
1959
_
................. .............................................................
I960
................................ ................ ................
1961
................................ ...............................
1962
................................................................

1 The data include all known strikes or lockouts involving 6 workers or
more and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers involved
and man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as 1 shift in estab­
lishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect

In effect dur­
ing month

Man-days idle during month
or year

or secondary effect on other establishments or industries whose employees
are made idle as a result of material or service shortage.
2 Preliminary.

F.—WORK INJURIES

1257

F.—Work Injuries
T able F - l .

Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries
1963 2

Industry

All manufacturing______________________
Food and kindred products:
Meat packing and custom slaughtering...
Sausages and other prepared meat products_____ ________________________
Poultry and small game dressing and
packing_______ ___________________
Dairy products.......... .....................................
Canning and preserving_______________
Grain-mill products_________
Bakery products.............................................
Cane su gar...________ _____ __________
Confectionery and related products_____
Bottled soft drinks..___________ _______
M alt and malt liquors_________________
Distilled liquors_______ ________
Miscellaneous food products______ ____ _
Textile mill products:
Cotton yarn and te x tiles... .....................
Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles.
Woolen and worsted textiles......... ............
K nit goods_______ _______ _______ .
Dyeing and finishing textiles.......................
Miscellaneous textile goods_____________
Apparel and other finished texile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’.......................
Clothing, women’s and children’s______
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel____
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products.................................... .....................
Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging--------------------------------------------Sawmills and planing m ills........................
Millwork and structural wood products..
Plywood mills_______________________
Wooden containers.___________
Miscellaneous wood products__________
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal__ _
M etal household fu r n itu r e ..______
Mattresses and bedsprings______ _____
Office furniture______________
Public building and professional furniture.
Partitions and f ix t u r e s ..._______
Screens, shades, and blinds_____ _
Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills______
Paperboard containers and boxes_______
Miscellaneous paper and allied products.
Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals___________
Bookbinding and related products______
Miscellaneous printing and publishing...
Chemical and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals__________
Plastics, except synthetic rubber_______
Synthetic rubber______________________
Synthetic fibers_____________ ______ ___
Explosives___________________________
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals________________________________
Drugs and medicines__________________
Soaps and related products____________
Paints, pigments, and related products. _
Fertilizers___________________ _______
Vegetable and animal oils and f a t s ...
Compressed and liquified gases_________
Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products--------------- ---------- ---------- --------Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes__________________
Rubber footwear_________________ ____
Miscellaneous rubber products_________
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing____ _____
Boot and shoe cut stock and fin d in gs___
Footwear (except rubber)_________ . . .
Miscellaneous leather products........... .
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products_______________
Structural clay products----------------------Pottery and related products____ ______
Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool___
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products------------------------------------------------See footnotes at end of table,


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1962 2

Second quarter

Annual
average

1961 2

1st
quar­
ter

4th
quar­
ter

3d
quar­
ter

2d
quar­
ter

1st
quar­
ter

4th
quar­
ter

3d
quar­
ter

2d
quar­
ter

1st
quar­
ter

10.8

10.6

10.6

11.7

11.2

n .i

10.6

11.8

10.5

10.4

27.6

27.7

26.9

26.8

29.1

26.1

26.9

24.3

26.2

22.4

21.4

27.1

23.5

33.7

28.4

23.4

24.8

29.7

27.4

35.9

20.9

33.9

27.7

29.9

30.0

28.4

(3)
19.0
18.1
21.0
15.5
(3)
11.4
23.2
17.5
11.6
13.8

(3)
15.9
18.3
20.7
15.3
(3)
16.6
25.5
28.2
12.2
12.1

27.4
16.9
18.4
19.3
15.6
8.0
13.6
23.2
22.6
11.4
13.7

27.0
17.8
18.6
16.3
16.5
10.3
13.6
20.6
23.5
8.4
19.1

36.1
16.5
20.5
18.2
16.8
12.8
17.2
20.7
19.2
'9.0
14.5

29.6
17.5
24.5
18.0
16.9
9.7
17.3
27.0
17.2
4.6
20.6

36.8
17.1
19.6
17.6
15.3
6.2
16.0
27.9
20.6
7.6
13.8

28.0
18.7
19.7
15.6
19.1
8.3
16.4
24.2
17.5
4.8
17.4

38.9
16.5
19.4
16.9
15.2
15.4
19.1
21.0
19.0
7.1
15.1

45.5
17.6
24.2
16.2
17.6
13.8
19.6
24.8
19.1
6.8
16.6

31.8
14.9
18.5
15.9
16.3
10.7
19.1
24.3
17.2
5.3
13.8

32.1
15.6
18.1
15.8
17.4
10.0
15.2
21.1
17.8
5.7
14.0

32.6
17.1
22.0
17.3
16.6
9.4
17.0
25.4
18.7
6.8
16.7

37.2
15 Q
20 8
16 2
16 6
12 5
18 4
22 7
18 2
6 3
14.8

7.1
8.8
13.7
6.5
17.8
23.1

5.7
8.3
17.5
6.1
12.5
11.7

7.7
7.5
15.6
5.9
10.4
21.3

6.8
8.1
15.6
6.2
13.6
18.6

7.4
6.8
14.8
6.6
12.1
19.2

7.4
7.1
14.1
6.0
11.5
17.5

8.6
10.0
17.2
6.5
14.1
21.4

8.1
9.3
20.2
6.8
12.7
20.2

7.2
8.1
15.5
5.7
13.7
20.9

7.2
7.0
17.6
4.6
13.1
19.2

8.1
7.0
17.1
6.1
17.5
16.8

7.8
7.5
17.1
4.7
13.1
14.4

6.8
5.9
14.8
5.9
15.0
14.8

7.9
8.6
16.9
6.3
13.0
20.0

7 6
70
16 6
5 3
14 5
16.2

7.0
4.7
(3)

6.8
6.5
(3)

6.4
5.2
(3)

6.7
5.4
6.1

6.9
4.2
7.9

6.3
5.5
7.1

7.3
6.0
10.4

7.1
6.8
8.2

7.2
5.6
5.8

5.8
3.8
4.6

7.5
6.3
7.7

6.2
4.9
6.1

5.6
5.1
5.5

6.8
6.2
7.8

6.2
50
5.8

8.0

7.3

4.5

6.7

6.7

8.4

8.4

5.7

8.1

7.2

9.1

6.0

10.5

7.6

8.3

36.6
37.8
30.1
23.3
24.3
39.7

45.6
36.6
18.3
25.4
29.6
31.1

45.1
31.1
24.1
17.3
31.0
38.3

43.0
35.2
24.0
22.3
28.3
36.3

43.5
33.0
25.5
24.5
27.7
27.1

43.8
37.2
21.3
24.8
36.1
24.5

52.9
39.3
26.8
24.4
37.3
26.5

39.8
36.0
18.3
24.5
34.4
30.1

50.2
35.1
22.7
18.3
31.8
28.2

59.7
35.9
22.3
20.8
32.3
27.2

65.5
39.4
25.0
21.1
31.2
32.4

58.3
34.7
20.0
24.8
30.2
27.6

50.5
32.9
22.7
22.2
33.3
33.3

46.2
37.6
22.3
23.2
34.7
27.4

50 0
36 0
22 6
22 3
31.6
29.9

15.2
(3)
23.1
17.6
(3)
17.5
(»)

18.9
i3)
18.3
10.9
(3)
18.1
(3)

18.4
(3)
24.1
16.1
(3)
21.2
(3)

17.6
(3)
21.7
14.8
8.9
18.8
(3)

20.1
(3)
19.7
9.8
11.1
17.8
(3)

16.2
(*)
28.4
12.4
13.7
15.1
(3)

22.8
(3)
25.8
13.1
18.2
20.6
(3)

21.3
(»)
21.0
15.0
12.3
20.9
(3)

21.9
20.2
17.3
20.4
16.6
22.3
(3)

20.7
22.2
16.2
11.5
13.9
18.3
(3)

20.6
20.6
19.6
14.8
13.8
17.6
(3)

18.3
16.2
14.3
14.3
13.5
15.9
(«)

19.0
22.7
11.5
12.7
15.9
15.4
(»)

20.8
18.5
23.2
15.4
15.3
20.3
12.5

10 6
20. 4
15 3
13 0
14 2
17 1
10.2

10.9
14.5
13.9

8.9
12.2
16.9

9.7
14.0
14.1

9.8
13.6
15.1

9.6
15.3
13.6

9.6
15.6
14.9

9.3
15.6
15.1

9.0
15.6
13.1

10.6
15.9
10.3

10.6
15.2
12.2

10.9
13.3
12.7

9.9
14.3
14.5

10.1
13.9
12.2

9.6
15.7
13.4

10 5
14.2
12.9

10.9
(3)
13.2

9.1
(3)
11.8

6.8
(»)
12.3

8.9
15.5
12.4

12.5
15.6
12.9

9.6
19.8
12.1

9.0
29.5
11.5

9.1
12.5
11.6

10.1
16.2
12.1

8.8
20.5
10.3

7.7
13.2
10.7

8.4
14.6
10.5

8.9
18.5
10.1

9.5
19.3
12.2

8.5
16.7
10.6

6.2
6.3
(3)
(3)
(3)

4.6
4.7
(3)
(3)
(3)

4.4
3.6
(3)
(3)
(3)

5.0
4.9
5.6
4.9
2.1

5.0
5.2
2.9
3.4
5.5

5.5
5.2
3.2
4.0
2.5

5.9
2.5
3.7
3.4
2.9

5.5
5.2
4.0
2.2
2.1

4.6
4.4
4.4
2.7
2.2

4.9
4.9
4.2
3.4
3.9

5.0
3.8
2.6
2.9
3.2

4.1
4.3
1.5
3.1
3.3

4.8
3.8
1.8
3.1
4.1

5.4
4.6
3.9
3.1
2.4

4. 6
4.1
2.6
3.1
3.7

4.5
6.0
12.8
9.3
(3)
23.7
(3)

3.7
5.9
10.5
7.4
(3)
26.3
(»)

3.1
6.3
12.5
15.9
(3)
16.8
(3)

3.8
6.0
11.9
10.8
24.8
22.4
5.1

4.1
6.1
11.1
12.0
18.4
23.7
8.8

3.7
4.7
8.0
10.1
30.9
23.0
11.8

3.1
6.3
12.4
11.5
15.7
21.5
9.4

3.3
6.5
12.1
13.3
21.1
19.7
9.6

5.0
5.8
15.2
11.3
13.9
23.6
14.3

3.5
6.7
11.0
7.8
19.5
17.0
7.1

5.0
6.4
11.3
11.0
13.0
23.8
14.8

4.3
6.4
10.5
9.8
19.1
18.8
6.0

3.7
6.7
13.3
12.2
24.4
21.3
12.4

3.8
5.8
12.2
12.0
19.9
22.1
12.6

4.2
6.6
11.7
10.5
19.3
21.1
10.3

14.9

16.9

9.8

13.9

14.7

12.5

13.6

14.2

12.5

14.3

14.3

13.9

13.3

13.0

13.9

5.1
3.4
10.1

4.5
2.9
10.4

4.0
2.1
11.7

4.5
2.8
10.8

5.1
5.0
9.3

4.6
5.3
9.3

4.1
6.2
9.5

4.6
5.5
11.4

3.6
5.5
11.2

5.2
6.8
9.5

3.7
9.3
10.5

3.4
5.2
9.5

3.2
5.8
8.3

4.3
5.6
10.6

4.1
7.0
9.6

34.6
(3)
10.1
13.8

33.0
(3)
8.5
11.7

34.9
(3)
7.6
19.0

34.1
(3)
8.7
14.8

34.7
(3)
9.4
10.3

32.4
(3)
8.6
11.4

35.9
(3)
10.2
13.1

30.6
(3)
9.8
10.6

31.2
(»)
9.0
7.9

29.8
(»)
9.3
12.8

33.1
(3)
8.7
12.2

28.1
(»)
8.6
13.5

26.9
(3)
8.8
7.6

33.6
19.0
9.4
10.8

29.8
21.9
8.8
11.5

6.3
26.0
11.2
21.7

7.7
27.7
15.3
17.7

7.3
27.2
15.3
22.8

7.1
27.0
13.9
20.7

7.2
24.0
15.6
20.3

6.4
27.7
16.7
20.7

7.5
29.0
17.7
24.8

7.0
27.9
17.0
25.2

8.3
33.7
15.5
24.9

9.0
31.1
15.5
25.4

9.2
30.3
15.4
22.9

7.1
36.4
16.2
21.4

6.8
30.5
16.1
20.5

7.5
29.3
16.9
24.0

8.1
32.0
15.7
22.9

7.8

11.6

10.0

9.8

9.9

8.4

10.2

9.9

10.5

11.1

13.3

8.7

8.7

9.8

10.5

Apr.

M ay

June

Quar­
ter

11.0

10.7

10.7

28.2

27.3

27.3

24.2

(3)
15.8
18.9
15.9
16.1
(3)
12.7
20.7
22.6
10.1
14.9

1962 2 1961 >

11.4

11.0

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, OCTOBER 1963

1258

T able F -l. Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries—Continued
1962 2

1963 2
Second quarter

1st
quar­
ter

4th
quar­
ter

3d
quar­
ter

2d
quar­
ter

1st
quar­
ter

4th
quar­
ter

3d
quar­
ter

2d
quar­
ter

1st
quar­
ter

3.5
25.0
22.4
11.7
17.4
18.7
16.2
12.5
10.1

3.7
23.6
21.9
9.6
19.5
19.3
14.9
11.4
11.9

3.3
24.4
17.8
10.9
19.3
15.4
14.6
13.7
9.2

3.3
27.9
20.1
12.1
23.6
21.1
14.0
14.2
8.6

3.8
25.4
20.4
10.9
21.2
20.6
16.7
15.0
8.4

3.7
25.3
18.0
11.3
20.2
19.8
13.3
11.8
12.4

3.5
23.4
20.4
12.1
21.4
19.2
16.7
8.4
9.3

3.5
28.3
16.4
13.2
23.5
18.9
13.4
10.7
9.3

2.6
22.5
15.9
8.8
20.1
17.9
14.6
10.3
7.1

3.3
24.8
16.6
8.4
19.2
15.6
15.3
9.9
9.5

3.6
25.9
19.2
11.3
21.2
19.8
14.5
13.6
9.7

3.3
24.9
17.3
10.8
21.2
18.1
15.0
9.7
8.8

5.7
0
16.6
9.5
13.8
13.8

6.1
11.4
16.2
9.0
14.1
14.7

4.4
12.8
14.6
8.5
10.2
10.9

5.4
13.2
22.6
9.4
11.5
14.4

7.1
13.2
15.1
10.4
11.6
17.7

6.3
15.1
18.1
10.0
9.2
13.7

6.6
14.9
15.5
9.1
11.3
14.5

7.2
18.7
11.6
10.4
13.1
14.0

9.2
12.6
16.4
11.9
10.5
11.8

6.8
13.9
13.3
8.1
12.7
11.8

4.7
14.3
11.0
8.7
8.6
15.1

6.4
14.2
18.1
10.0
10.8
15.4

7.0
15.0
13.3
9.9
11.2
13.1

23.1
0
16.1
30.8
9.0
0
21.1
0
0
10.0
5.8

23.0
0
13.3
23.1
11.0
0
19.4
0
0
11.0
12.8

22.7
21.7
15.7
27.9
10.2
21.9
20.1
(3)
0
11.3
9.6

21.0
18.0
14.2
20.4
10.7
17.9
16.6
0
(3)
13.3
13.0

19.7
23.0
12.8
20.2
10.2
29.3
18.7
C3)
0
15.9
13.6

22.5
26.0
17.5
24.6
11.7
28.2
22.4
(3)
0
11.6
13.8

20.6
22.1
18.1
25.9
12.7
20.6
17.0
0
0
14.3
13.6

20.5
21.4
18.2
21.2
12.2
21.1
15.0
(3)
(3)
15.4
13.8

19.3
17.9
15.2
22.8
11.5
15. 9
14.2
(3)
C3)
14.5
14.2

22.1
27.5
17.3
27.4
11.6
12.7
17.8
(3)
(3)
15.1
14.2

19.6
16.3
20.0
18.0
9.5
22.7
15.2
14.4
(3)
12.8
7.1

19.6
20.5
16.9
22.2
9.2
(3)
10.9
14.1
(3)
10.8
11.3

21.5
23.6
16.9
23.4
11.8
25.6
18.3
13.7
24.2
14.5
13.6

20.5
19.9
17.5
22.4
10.7
17.6
14.7
12.8
18.8
13.5
11.8

8.9

10.9

11.1

10.3

9.8

8.0

12.9

10.1

11.1

10.0

10.0

11.1

9.1

10.2

9.9

5.6
9.5
19.4
10.5
9.7
10.4
17.3
12.1
11.7

7.9
9.5
16.4
9.0
10.4
8.0
14.9
12.6
12.5

6.5
8.2
17.2
10.3
7.0
11.6
14.7
11.1
10.1

6.7
9.1
17.7
9.9
9.1
9.9
15.6
11.9
11.4

5.2
8.4
16.1
10.1
9.8
11.5
13.0
11.3
13.7

6.1
8.5
14.6
9.3
12.1
11.8
14.6
11.0
11.7

5.6
7.3
17.1
10.1
11.0
16.1
13.9
12.8
14.3

5.2
7.5
16.8
9.6
10.6
15.4
12.8
13.0
19.7

6.8
7.1
15.2
9.9
12.7
12.2
14.1
13.8
16.3

5.8
7.3
13.9
8.1
9.5
10.7
12.9
10.0
12.9

6.0
7.1
15.8
9.0
14.1
14.7
13.8
11.2
17.5

6.1
8.9
14.7
8.9
11.6
13.0
14.0
9.7
16.3

6.0
8.1
16.5
8.1
12.5
13.0
12.3
10.9
15.2

6.0
7.7
16.3
9.9
11.5
13.9
13.8
12. 9
15.8

6.0
7.8
15.2
8.4
11.4
13.2
13.1
10.8
15.1

11.6
9.3
6.4
12.7
0
6.2
12.6

9.7
9.8
6.0
12.3

11.2
11.9
5.8
13.4
15.3

8.6
10.1
6.0
13.2
14.9
5.6
15.4

11.5
10.3
5.5
11.7
17.6
6.6
13.3

15.6
11.0

15.9

10.8
10.3
6.0
12.8
22.4
5.4
14.6

12.8
13.9
5.4
14.3

11.9
11.9
5.8
14.2
15.9
4.4
14.8

12.3
12.1
7.1
15.1
13.6
5.7
15.7

11.0
11.2
5.7
11.1
12.2
4.7
12.0

11.1
12.0
5.9
13.6
11.9
4.1
14.3

9.7
11.7
6.0
14.9
(3)
6.1
12.5

11.5
11.1
5.7
13.4
(3)
5.4
13.3

12.8
11.6
5.8
13.4
14.7
5.6
15.0

10.9
11.4
5.9
13.2
14.0
5.1
13.2

5.7
4.1
13.6
2.2

4.6
6.3
15.7
2.2

1.5
2.5
12.2

2.5
2.6
14.7

5.4
6.7
18.5
2.3
1.6
4.2
2.3
2.7
11.1

6.0
7.4
18.8
2.4
2.6
4.5
2.6
2.9
10.8

6.2
5.7
15.3
2.4
3.5
4.1
2.5
2.5
11.8

5.9
5.0
17.5
2.7
4.3
4.9
4.8
2.7
13.6

5.6
7.6
16.5
3.0
2.6
4.2
2.3
2.5
14.7

6.9
7.8
22.6
2.0
2.2
4.7
2.4
2.7
13.5

6.4
8.3
19.4
2.6
3.7
4.0
3.5
2.3
13.1

6.8
8.0
15.3
3.0
2.2
3.9
3.2
1.4
18.0

5.5
6.5
14.3
2.3
1.2
3.9
2.1
15.2

5.6
5.4
16.6
2.9
1.6
4.3
2.8
2.6
12.8

6.2
6.6
18.0
2.5
3.0
4.5
3.0
2.6
13.4

6.0
7.4
16.5
2.7
2.2
4.1
3.0
2.3
14.7

0

0

3.6
3.9
2.0
3.6
19.5

3.2
4.0
1.9
4.2
19.0

Industry

Primary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel mills___ __ .
Gray-iron and malleable foundries__
_____
Steel foundries...
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying.
Nonferrous foundries...
Iron and steel forgings_____
. ______
Wire drawing____ . . . .
_ ______
Welded and heavy-riveted pipe _
Cold-finished steel____________________
Fabricated metal products:
. .
T in cans and other tinware___
Cutlery and edge tools.
. ------------Handtools, files, and saws___
____
Hardware___ . . . . .
- -----Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies___
Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus.
Structural steel and ornamental metal
work
M etal doors, sash, frame, and trim____
Boilershop products____
. . . -----Sheet-metal work.
. . .
.
Stamped and pressed metal products___
M etal coating and engraving—
Fabricated wire products___
..
__
M etal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails___
Steel springs.
. . .
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets. . .
Screw-machine products_______________
Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere
classified. _ _
.
.
-----Machinery (except electrical):
Engines and turbines___
_____
Agricultural machinery and tractors___
Construction and mining machinery___
Metalworking machinery______
.. .
Food-products machinery..
Textile machinery-------------.. .
Miscellaneous special industry machinery.
Pumps and compressors____ ___ . . . .
Elevators, escalators, and conveyors____
Mechanical power-transmission equipment (excep't ball and roller bearings). .
Miscellaneous general industrial machinery. .
Commercial and household machinery___

Apr.

M ay

June

Quar­
ter

3.1
24.8
22.6
9.8
21.3
19.8
13.4
14.1
8.5

3.3
26.0
24.0
12.4
13.2
18.4
19.9
16.2
12.3

3.8
24.1
20.4
12.9
17.9
18.0
14.9
7.0
9.4

5.5
(3)
15.6
7.9
13.4
14.7

7.1
0
16.6
9.3
14.8
15.4

22.0
0
17.4
29.8
10.7
(3)
19.7
0
0
12.8
10.2

Valves and fittings__ _
Fabricated pipe and fittings_______ _ _
Ball and roller bearings____ ____
Machine shops, general.. _
Electrical machinery:
5.6
Electrical industrial apparatus.................
9.6
Electrical appliances. . . . ----------------Insulated wire and cable . ----------------- 26.7
2.6
Electrical equipment for vehicles_______
Electric lamps (bulbs). . ____________
04.0
Radios and related products___________
3.0
Radio tubes____ _ ________ ________
3.0
Miscellaneous communication equipment6.0
Batteries___________________________
Electrical products, not elsewhere classifled________________________ ______ 0
Transportation equipment:
3.1
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers_____
4.0
Motor-vehicle parts and accessories_____
2.2
Aircraft______________________ _____
3.6
Aircraft parts___________ . . . . . ____
21.2
Shipbuilding and repairing....................
Boatbuilding and repairing___________
07.2
Railroad equipment_________________
Instruments and related products:
2.4
Scientific instruments________________
Mechanical measuring and controlling
8.3
instruments_____________ ____ _____
Optical instruments and lenses________
0
8.8
Medical instruments and supplies______
6.5
Photographic equipment and supplies___
Watches and clocks__________________
0
Miscellaneous manufacturing:
Paving and roofing m aterials...................
0
7.9
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware___
16.0
Fabricated plastics products__________
Miscellaneous m an u facturing.._______ 13.0
3.3
Ordnance and accessories____ _____. . .

05.1

04.7

08.4

05.1

03.8

08.5

5. 5

2:5

1962 2 19612

6.2

2.3

3.5

5.4

7.0

2.2

6.5

3.1

6.4

2.4

4.7

4.6

3.4
4.0
2.0
3.8
20.0

3.0
4.1
1.9
4.3
14.4

3.3
4.1
1.9
4.4
14.9

07.5

3.8
4.5
1.9
4.8
17.0
(3)
10.1

3.7
5.1
2.0
4.7
17.1
(3)
7.8

3.2
4.1
1.9
5.0
18.5
(3)
6.8

3.4
3.8
1.6
4.5
15.2
(3)
6.8

4.2
5.0
1.9
5.0
17.8
(3)
8.2

3.7
4.1
2.2
4.5
14.2
(3)
7.1

3.6
4.8
2.0
4.7
11.3
(3)
6.4

3.6
4.6
1.9
4.7
17.6
33.3
8.0

3.7
4.5
2.0
4.7
15.1
33.4
7.0

08.1

06.5

2.3

2.1

2.3

2.7

1.6

2.9

1.6

1.4

2.4

2.2

1.6

2.3

2.1

2.3

8.5
0
9.7
4.1
0

7.5

0

8.1
4.0
8.0
6.0
3.3

7.4
5.3
7.0
3.5
6.0

6.7
5.3
6.3
5. 5
3.5

6.0
2.7
4.8
4.6
5.2

6.6
5.4
8.4
5.7
5.3

6.7
4.4
9.1
4.9
3.4

6.9
6.2
8.3
5.4
4.6

7.1
3.4
9.4
6.6
4.3

8.9
2.8
8.2
4.7
4.9

6.0
4.5
8.6
5.9
3.9

6.6
4.6
7.2
5.2
4.6

7.2
4.3
8.5
5.7
4.5

0
9.0
16.0
12.4
2.1

0
7.8
14.0
13.8
2.9

7.5
8.3
15.3
13.0
2.8

8.8
7.9
15.6
11.4
3.5

6.7
6.1
16.9
10.4
3.1

7.0
7.0
19.1
11.8
2.4

3.0
10.6
17.5
12.8
2.5

6.7
10.4
20.0
12.5
3.6

11.5
7.0
14.6
14.6
2.2

9.1
10.3
15.0
13.9
2.2

4.6
6.4
13.6
12.1
2.4

4.9
10.7
19.6
12.0
2.5

5.9
7.9
18.8
12.0
3.0

7.8
8.5
15.8
13.2
2.4

05.7
7.4

1 The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries
for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a)
results in death or permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured
worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job which
is open and available to him throughout the hours corresponding to his
regular shift on any one or more days after the day of injury (including


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Annual
average

1961 2

Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns). The term “injury” includes
occupational diseases.
2 Rates are preliminary and subject to revision when final annual data
become available.
3 Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
N ote: These data are compiled in accordance with the American Standard
Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by
the American Standards Association, 1954.
U .S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING 0 FFICE :1 96 3

New Publications Available
For Sale
Order sale publications from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402. Send check or money order, payable to the Superintendent of Documents.
Currency sent at sender’s risk. Copies may also be purchased from any of the Bureau’s regional offices.
(See inside front cover for the addresses of these offices.)

Occupational Wage Surveys:
BLS Bulletins—
1345-65: Chicago, 111., April 1963. 36 pp. 30 cents.
1345-66: Spokane, Wash., May 1963. 26 pp. 25 cents.
1345-68: Greenville, S.C., May 1963. 18 pp. 20 cents.
1345-69: Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, Mich., May 1963. 18 pp. 20 cents.
1345-70: Providence-Pawtucket, R.I.-Mass., May 1963. 30 pp. 25 cents.
1345-71: Atlanta, Ga., May 1963. 24 pp. 25 cents.
1345-72: Lubbock, Tex., June 1963. 16 pp. 20 cents.
1345-73: Portland, Oreg.-Wash., May 1963. 22 pp. 25 cents.
1345-74: Boise, Idaho, May 1963. 18 pp. 20 cents.
1345-75: Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport News-Hampton, Va., June 1963.
26 pp. 25 cents.
1345-76: Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N.J., May 1963. 20 pp. 20 cents.
1345-77: Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass.-N.H., June 1963. 18 pp. 20 cents.
BLS Bulletin 1365: Digest of Nine Supplemental Unemployment Benefit Plans, Early
1963. 25 pp. 25 cents.
BLS Bulletin 1372: Industry Wage Survey—Wool Textiles, June 1962: Part I, Wool
Yarn and Broad woven Fabric Mills; Part II, Dyeing and Finishing Plants; Part III,
Scouring and Combing Plants. 75 pp. 45 cents.
BLS Bulletin 1376: Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, 1960. 305 pp.

$1.50.

For Lim ited Free Distribution
Single copies of the reports listed below are furnished without cost as long as supplies permit.
Write to Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C. 20210, or to any of
the Bureau’s regional offices. (See inside front cover for the addresses of these offices.)

Survey of Consumer Expenditures, 1960-61:
Consumer Expenditures and Income, 1960:
BLS Report—
237-26: Small Cities in the Western Region—Gallup, N. Mex., Klamath Falls,
Oreg. 7 pp.
237-27: Small Cities in the North Central Region—Devils Lake, N. Dak.,
Findlay, Ohio, LaSalle, 111., Niles, Mich., Owatonna, Minn. 10 pp.
Supplement 1 to BLS Report 237-3: Washington, D.C. 5 pp.
BLS Report 249: Injuries and Accident Causes in Sawmills.

90 pp.

A Directory of Wage Chronologies, 1948-June 1963 (Revised 1963). 14 pp.

https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

U nited S t a t e s
G overnm en t P rin ting O ffice

P E N A L T Y F O R P R IV A T E U S E T O A V O ID
P A Y M E N T O P P O S T A G E . »300
IG PO I

DIVISION O F P U B L IC D O C U M E N T S

W a sh in g t o n ,

D.C. 20402

OFFICIAL B U SIN E S S


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

f?e*°ePARTM^

1963 I
yjjj, YEARLÇFPgPGRESS
0 f t *-a b o r «* *

^