Full text of Monthly Labor Review : July 1959, Vol. 82, No. 7
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Month!
Labor
Review
JULY
1 959
VOL.
82
NO.
Pension Plans—
Vesting Rights Under Collective Bargaining
Interests at Stake in Investment of Funds
European Union Research and Engineering Services
The Textile Union Work Study Conference
KALAMAZOO PUH! 10 f ?**Ha RY
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
J am es P. M itchell , Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E w an C la g u e , Commissioner
R o bert J. M y e r s , Deputy Commissioner
H e n r y J. F itzgerald , Assistant Commissioner
H er m a n B. B y er , Assistant Commissioner
W . D u a n e E v a n s , Assistant Commissioner
P h il ip A r no w , Assistant Commissioner
A rnold E . C h ase , Chief, D ivision of Construction Statistics
H . M . D outy , Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
J oseph P . G oldberg , Special Assistant to th e Commissioner
H arold G oldstein , Acting Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
L eon G r e e n b e r g , Chief, D ivision of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard F. J ones , Chief, Office of Management
W alter G. K e im , Chief, Office of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbatjm, Chief, Office of Program:Planning
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M orris W eisz , Chief, D ivision of Foreign Labor Conditions
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Monthly Labor Review
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR • BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
L aw rence R. K l e in , Editor-in-Chief
M ary S. B edell, Executive Editor
CONTENTS
Special Articles
743 Vesting Provisions in Pension Plans
751 Interests at Stake in the Investment of Pension Funds
757 Two European Trade Union Seminars
757
European Union Research and Engineering Services
761
The Textile Union Work Study Conference
Summaries of Studies and Reports
764
769
772
774
Distribution of Factory Workers’ Earnings, May 1958
Multiple Jobholding in the United States
Wage Chronology No. 4: Bituminous Coal Mines—Supplement No. 5—1959
Wage Chronology No. 30: Anthracite Mining Industry—Supplement No. 3—
1958-59
Technical Note
776 Relative Importance of CPI Components, 1958
Departments
hi
805
780
784
789
792
799
806
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Labor Month in Review
Union Conventions, August 16 to September 15, 1959
Foreign Labor Briefs
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics
60 4 j740
M y 1959 • Voi. 82 • No. 7
Trends in Building Permit Activity
A new 120-page bulletin (No. 1243) presents d a ta on
b u ild in g construction authorized b y lo cal build in g p e r
mits, in com plete detail, for th e y ears 1954-56. It also
show s th e tren d of build in g construction in p rin c ip a l cities
of th e U nited States, b eg in n in g w ith 1949, a s w ell as
selected statistics for 1957-58.
D etailed tab u latio n s a re g iv en on—
^
Indexes of Volume
Types of Buildings
dt
Volume in Principal Cities
Metropolitan Dispersion
In ad d itio n , th e bulletin includes a brief history of th e
series, describ es th e scope a n d lim itations of th e d a ta ,
furnishes inform ation for linking th e current series with
those for y ears prior to 1954.
Send orders (accompanied by check or money order) to the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.,
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New York 1, N .Y .
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The Labor Month
in Review
an industrywide strike in basic
steel failed as the extended deadline of July 14
came and went without agreement on a new con
tract between the United Steelworkers and the
major producing firms. Although the long nego
tiations had revolved about the inflationary effects
of any wage or price increase, the final public
statements of the parties on the eve of the strike
appeared to center on local work rules affecting
production—introduction of new equipment, meth
ods of production, productivity, and the like. The
companies wanted clarifying language added to
the present contract clauses relating to these mat
ters, especially to prevent them from becoming
grievances; they expressed a contingent inclination
to grant some wage and benefit improvements in
a 2-year agreement. A union proposal to set up
a joint study commission to consider work rule
changes was unacceptable to the industry
negotiators.
Earlier, President Eisenhower had succeeded in
persuading the parties to continue bargaining past
the original expiration date of the old contracts.
Acceptance of the extension did not prevent some
wildcat strikes. The walkouts, mostly shortlived,
coincided with the June 30 expiration date and
reflected the union’s “no contract, no work”
tradition.
Late in June, the companies had suggested an
indefinite continuance of the old contracts. A
counterproposal by the union for a 15-day strike
postponement with retroactivity to July 1 for con
tract improvements was rejected.
E fforts to avert
N ewspaper strikes—once a rarity—have recently
been more frequent. During June, five papers
were closed by strikes, of which three—conducted
by the International Typographical Union—were
settled in the same month. The Post Dispatch
and the Globe Democrat, both in St. Louis, re
sumed publication after 15 days following a com
promise agreement on work methods. In Kansas
City, the Star was closed for 10 days in a dispute
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over contract terms. On June 29, two Nevada
papers closed when members of the Typographical
Union refused to cross picket lines of the American
Newspaper Guild, which was striking for wage
increases and an agency shop, among other items.
Britain was experiencing a publishing strike of
truly national scope. In one strike of 10 unions,
about 200,000 workers walked out in mid-June to
enforce demands for higher wages and a shorter
workweek. Another strike against ink-manufac
turing firms late in June helped to compound a
situation in which 6,000 printing plants were
closed, 1,000 local newspapers and most of the
country’s magazines suspended publication, and
such items as railroad timetables, checks, and labels
were in short supply.
Argentina witnessed a prolonged and rather
violent strike of bank employees. Beginning on
April 16, the dispute (which involved both gov
ernment-owned and private banks) lasted until
June 20. A wage increase of about $8 a month,
the amount the Government had delimited at the
outset, ended the strike. Bank employee walkouts
in other Latin American countries have taken
place in recent months.
Even rarer than newspaper or bank strikes are
hospital walkouts. New York City experienced a
strike against 7 of its 81 nonprofit, voluntary hos
pitals. I t was settled June 22 after 45 days.
Strikers were chiefly maintenance and household
workers. Recognition of the union (Retail,
Wholesale and Department Store Union)—the
main issue—was not granted. Nonprofit hospitals
are not legally required to bargain with or recog
nize unions. However, the Greater New York
Hospital Association agreed to a “declaration of
policy” (drafted as a result of the mediation of a
mayor’s committee) which permits employees to
elect a representative to a grievance board, a step
the union termed “back door” recognition. The
institutions had already unilaterally granted wage
increases and other improvements to working con
ditions. However, the policy declaration restated
these changes.
A group of 37 proprietary hospitals in the same
area signed a full 3-year contract with a local of
the Building Service Employees International
Union on behalf of nonprofessional employees of
the institutions. The terms included wage in
creases and fringe benefits. No strike took place.
m
IV
Employees of the Public Service Electric and
Gas Co. in the northern New Jersey area ended a
40-day strike on June 23. Represented by the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers,
they received wage increases of about 5 percent
and improved fringe benefits. Service was not
seriously interrupted.
Notice of intent to invoke a wage reopener clause
was served by the National Maritime Union on
operators of nearly 600 Atlantic and Gulf Coast
vessels. The 1958 agreement allows two reopeners.
of the Newspaper Guild
approved raising a million dollar “defense” fund
(by increasing the share of each member’s dues
which goes to national headquarters). They also
heard a representative of the Typographical Un
ion suggest merger of the two organizations.
Arthur Rosenstock was elected president to suc
ceed Joseph F. Collis.
The Communications Workers of America in its
annual convention also raised the share of main
office per capita tax (by 50 cents) and reelected
all incumbent officers. The increase had been re
jected a year earlier. Trial procedures for mem
bers charged with aiding the jurisdictional claims
of a rival union were shifted by constitutional
amendment from the local union to an interna
tional trial board. The move reflects CWA’s
growing concern with jurisdictional conflicts.
In another recognition of growing jurisdictional
troubles, the Office Employees’ International Un
ion, in its convention, urged the AFL-CIO “to
merge all organized office workers in the United
States and Canada under the . . . OEIU.” It
authorized its officers to withdraw from the A FLCIO if satisfaction on this score is not obtained.
Many industrial unions have solicited the mem
bership of white-collar workers in the plants they
have organized.
The Canadian Labor Congress, counterpart of
the AFL-CIO, in mid- June expelled the Seafarers’
International Union for refusing to cease raiding
another affiliated union; however, the expulsion
has no bearing on the AFL-CIO status of the SIU.
Jurisdictional agreement was reached by seven
railroad crafts: the Machinists, Boilermakers, Car
C onvention delegates
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
men, Electrical Workers, Sheet Metal Workers,
Firemen and Oilers, and Blacksmiths. The agree
ment establishes settlement machinery which pro
vides for final and binding decisions, and embodies
the first revision of rail shop rules in 40 years.
Another manifestation of interunion agreement
was the naming of a committee to draft a constitu
tion leading to a federation and ultimately the
merger of eight postal unions.
D ave B eck , betroubled ex-president of the Team
sters, on July 3 pleaded innocent in a Federal
court to charges of having violated the TaftHartley Act in receiving $200,000 from Roy Fruehauf and another executive of the Fruehauf
Trailer Co. Beck is also under sentence for income
tax evasion and is appealing a conviction for mis
use of union funds.
James R. Hoff a, Beck’s successor, in late June
made another appearance before the McClellan
committee to explain among other items why he
had not rid the union of officers with criminal rec
ords. He is scheduled for yet another session
later in the summer.
At about the same time, Godfrey P. Schmidt,
one of the three monitors appointed by a Federal
district court to oversee the Teamsters, resigned
and was replaced by Lawrence T. Smith. An
appeals court, which had held that the monitors
could request the courts to order compliance with
cleanup directives, had also pointed (without
prejudice) to clients of Schmidt who negotiated
contracts with the Teamsters and who might cause
a conflict of interest.
An award of $438,000 has been paid by the
United Mine Workers to the Meadow Creek Coal
Co. as damages for the closing of the company’s
mine as a result of the UMW’s actions in 1948.
Similar suits totaling more than $15 million now
face the union.
An Indiana court has ruled that the State rightto-work law does not apply to the agency shop, a
system wherein nonunion employees pay per capita
fees equal to the dues scale of a union which has
representation rights in a given concern. The
statute, the court held, outlawed only compulsory
union membership, not payments as such.
Vesting Provisions in Pension Plans
An Analysis of Vesting Provisions and Requirements
for Early Retirement in 300 Selected Pension Plans
Under Collective Bargaining, Late 1958
W alter W. K olodrubetz*
A w o r k e r building up pension credits under a pri
vate pension plan need not, in all cases, wait until
the normal retirement age (usually 65) in order
to realize his equity in the plan. A pension plan
may contain one or more of three methods of safe
guarding the worker’s equity should he be unable,
for reasons other than total disability, to continue
in a particular employment until he reaches the
normal retirement age—vesting, early retirement,
and portable (transferable) pension credits (as
under multiemployer plans). In the absence of
such provisions, or if he cannot qualify, a worker
loses all of his accumulated credits under a pension
plan upon loss of his job. Each of these methods,
in varying degrees, may have significant implica
tions for the cost of pension plans and the mobility
of workers. This article analyzes vesting provi
sions of 300 selected pension plans, including
types of such provisions and the minimum re
quirements for benefits. This is supplemented by
an analysis of the minimum requirements for early
retirement.1 The significance of transferability
of pension credits under multiemployer plans and
its relation to vesting provisions is also examined.
Vesting is defined as a guarantee to the worker
of a right or equity in a pension plan, based on all
or part of the employer’s contributions in the
worker’s behalf (in terms of accrued pension bene
fits) , should his employment be terminated before
he attains eligibility for regular retirement bene
fits.2 The vested right typically assures the
worker a future retirement benefit, which com
mences when he reaches retirement age, wherever
he may be at that time. In some instances, vesting
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provisions give the worker an option of receiving
an immediate cash benefit when his employment is
terminated. In order to qualify for vesting, the
worker usually must meet specific age and/or serv
ice requirements.
The primary purpose of an early retirement pro
vision is to enable workers to withdraw from the
labor force before normal retirement age on an
assured income. However, such provisions may
also be available to the worker who leaves and goes
to work for another employer. He may begin
receiving monthly payments immediately (usu
ally in reduced amount) or may, in some plans,
defer receiving benefits until the normal retire
ment age specified in the plan. Under these cir
cumstances, early retirement takes on aspects of
a vesting vehicle where vesting is not provided.
Age and/or service requirements must be met, and,
in some cases, the qualified worker can retire early
only with the consent of his employer.
Vesting is often considered a form of pension
insurance for the relatively young worker who is
not near, nor thinking of, retiring, and for whom
mobility may still be an important asset. On the
♦Of the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
*A more detailed analysis of vesting and early retirement
provisions is presented in Pension Plans Under Collective Bar
gaining : I. Vesting Provisions and Requirements for Early Re
tirement ; II. Involuntary Retirement Provisions, Late 1958, BLS
Bull. 1259 (1959),.
Subsequent studies •will deal with benefits payable under pro
visions for early retirement and with disability retirement which
is not covered in any respect in this study.
a Under contributory plans, the vested worker is invariably
permitted to withdraw his own contribution, with or without in
terest, when terminated; however, withdrawal of contributions
usually entails loss of benefits purchased by employer contribu
tions.
743
744
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
other hand, early retirement is commonly con
ceived of as a device by which the worker who is
already thinking of retirement or is ailing but
not totally disabled can hasten his departure from
the labor force, sometimes encouraged by his em
ployer. In practice, however, vesting and early
retirement have more in common than these views
imply. Under current plans, as this study shows,
vesting requirements frequently limit the attain
ment of full vesting to middle-aged workers with
substantial seniority, while early retirement may
be available 10 or 15 years prior to normal retire
ment age. Although the overlapping is relatively
small, in terms of minimum requirements, a de
scription of equity safeguards available to workers
would be incomplete if it were confined to an
analysis of vesting provisions and neglected cor
responding requirements for early retirement.
The portability of pension credits, the third
device mentioned earlier, is virtually restricted to
multiemployer plans. Under these pooled ar
rangements, the worker carries his pension credits
from employer to employer and accumulates pen
sion credits as long as he works for an employer
covered by the plan. Vesting and early retire
ment provisions, although not incompatible with
portability, are far less common in multiemployer
than in single employer plans. In their absence,
the worker’s equity is not protected if he chooses,
or is compelled, to seek employment outside the
shelter of the employer participants in the pension
plan. In some cases, a reciprocal arrangement
among separate plans may extend this area of
coverage. Although not a substitute for early re
tirement privileges, portability of pension credits
probably accomplishes as much as vesting, assum
T a ble 1.
P r o v isio n s
for
ing that the worker remains in the labor market
covered by the plan for his full working life.
Scope of Study
For the study from which this article was
adapted,3 300 selected pension plans under col
lective bargaining, in effect in late 1958, were ana
lyzed.4 All plans covered 1,000 or more workers.
Other considerations in the selection of a sample
were the union involved, type of bargaining unit,
industry representation, type of plan, and geo
graphical location. The 300 plans ranged in size
from those with 1,000 to those with over 100,000
workers and covered approximately 4.9 million
workers under collective bargaining agreements,5
or more than half of the estimated coverage of all
pension plans under collective bargaining in the
United States.
All major industries (excluding railroads and
airlines) were represented in the sample. About
3 out of 4 of the plans (229) were in manufactur
ing industries and covered about 3.4 million work
ers. The 71 plans in nonmanufacturing covered
approximately 1.5 million workers. Sixty-nine
plans were established on a multiemployer basis;
3 See footnote 1.
4 These plans included those established for the first time as
the result of collective bargaining and plans established origi
nally by the employer or the union but since brought within the
scope of the agreement, at least to the extent that the agree
ment established employer responsibility to continue or provide
certain benefits.
6 Many plans were extended uniformly to cover workers outside
the scope of the collective bargaining agreement. However, the
coverage figures used in this study represent only the number of
workers under collective bargaining agreements covered by the
plans.
V e s t in g in S elec ted P e n sio n P la ns U n d e r C ollective B a r g a in in g ,
F in a n c in g a n d T y pe of B a r g a in in g U n it , L ate 1958
All plans
N oncontributory
Contributory
Single employer
by
M ethod
of
Multiemployer
Vesting provisions
Number
Workers
(thou
sands)
Plans
Workers
(thou
sands)
Workers
(thou
sands)
Plans
Workers
(thou
sands)
Plans
Workers
(thou
sands)
Plans
All plans studied____________
300
4, 909. 8
249
4,122.7
51
787.1
231
3,048.9
69
1, 860. 9
W ith vesting provisions______
174
2, 780.9
131
2,321.7
43
459.2
162
2, 525.3
12
255.6
Deferred fu ll.. __________
Deferred graded______
Immediate full____ _ ___
154
19
1
2,335.8
441.7
3.4
118
13
1, 945. 5
376.2
36
6
1
390.3
65.5
3.4
144
17
1
2,266.3
255.6
34
10
2
69.5
186 1
J 126
2,128.9
118
1 ,8 0 1 .0
8
327.9
69
523.6
57
1, 605.3
Without vesting provisions___
1 Includes 3 plans, covering 15,300 workers, in which the worker was granted
only a cash benefit upon termination after fulfilling specified requirements.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
745
VESTING PROVISIONS IN PENSION PLANS
these plans covered over a third of all workers in
the study. Fifty-one plans were financed by both
the employer and the worker (contributory
plans). The remaining 249 plans were financed
entirely by the employer,6 and covered almost 85
percent of all workers in the study.
An earlier study by the Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics of 300 pension plans in effect in 1952 7 pro
vided a basis for a limited evaluation of major
trends over a 6-year period. Of these 300 plans,
219 were included in the present study. The sub
stitution of 81 plans was occasioned by (1) elimi
nation of plans covering less than 1,000 workers,
(2) mergers, companies going out of business, or
plans terminated, and (3) lack of current infor
mation in some cases.
Prevalence of V esting
Vesting was provided by 174 plans, or almost
3 out of 5 (table 1). Of the 231 single employer
plans studied, more than two-thirds (162) con
tained vesting provisions, as against 12 of the 69
multiemployer plans. About 4 out of 5 contribu
tory plans vested in the qualified worker all or
part of the employer’s contributions, and slightly
more than half of the 249 noncontributory plans
contained such provisions.
A significant increase in the prevalence of vest
ing provisions in collectively bargained plans is
revealed by these figures. In 1952, only 25 per
cent of 300 plans studied contained vesting provi
sions ; less than 10 percent of the noncontributory
plans provided for vesting. Prominent among
those adopting vesting since 1952 were automobile
and basic steel companies, in agreements with the
United Automobile Workers and the United Steel
workers, respectively.8
Types of V esting Provisions
Of the 174 plans with vesting provisions, 154
provided deferred full vesting, 19 deferred graded
6 Some plans permitted the workers to contribute to a supple
mentary plan to build up additional pension benefits. In these
cases, only the basic noncontributory plan was analyzed.
7 Pension Plans Under Collective Bargaining, BLS Bull. 1147
(1953).
8 For details of individual plans, see Digest of One-Hundred Se
lected Pension Plans Under Collective Bargaining, Winter 195758, BLS Bull. 1232 (1958).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T able
2.
M in im u m R e q u ir e m e n t s fo r
F u l l V e s t in g , L ate 1958 1
D eferred
Plans
Workers
(thousands)
All plans with deferred full vesting---------------------------
154
2,335. 8
Service
5 years
.
10 years..
15 years
20 years
_
25 years
Participation-5 years
10 years .
15 years
Age
21
1
12
5
2
1
13
6
4
3
1
1
101
28
49
1
5
2
5
2
1
3
3
2
8
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
1
1
189.1
7.5
125.8
42.0
3.8
10.0
94.4
66.6
18.8
9.0
6.5
6.5
1,836. 4
864.7
828.0
5. 0
11.0
4.9
36.7
23.2
1. 5
9.3
47.2
4. 9
37.5
4.4
3.8
3.0
16. 5
4.0
5.8
3.0
3.0
17.8
16.4
1. 4
148.0
2.5
116.0
1. 5
1
9.0
1
9.0
1
1
10.0
3.1
Minimum requirements 3
_ _ ___________________________
________________________________
_ ______________________________
_______________ _____________
_________________________________
___________________ ___________
_______________________________
________ __________ ____________
_ ________________ ________ _____
_______________________ _________
___________________ ___________
Age and service
______________________________
Age 40 and 10 years---------------------------------- ------ Age 40 and 15 years------------- ----------------------- —.
Age 45 and 10 years--- ---------------------------------- Age 45 and 15 years______________ _______ ______
Age 50 and 15 years-----------------------------------------Age 50 and 20 years_______________ -- ------------Age 50 and 25 years--------------------------- -----------Age 55 and 10 years-----------------------------------------Age 55 and 15 years________________ __________
Age 55 and 25 years-----------------------------------------Age 60 and 15 years____________________________
Age and participation_____________________________
Age 45 and 5 years---------------- --------------------------Age 45 and 10 years------ ------------ ------- -Age 45 and 15 years------------- ---------------------------Age 50 and 10 years.-------- --------------------------------Age 50 and 15 years____________________________
Age 50 and 20 years------ ----------------------------------Service or participation--------------------- -----------------25 years of service or 10 years of participation------Service and participation------------------ -------------- -10 years of service including 5 years of participation.
15 years of service including 5 years of participation.
Alternatives __ _____ _
_ _____ _____
Age 45 and 10 years of service, or 15 years of service.
Age 45 and 10 years of service, or 20 years of service.
Age 50 and 15 years of service, or 20 years of service.
Age 50 and 20 years of service, or 15 years of partiel_____ - -- ______
pation
Age 45 and 5 years of participation, or 10 years of
participation------- ------------------------ ------------Age 50 and 5 years of participation, or later of age
55 or 10 years of service (age plus service must
equal 65)
- ___________________________
O ther3
_ ___________________________________
1 For coverage, see table 1.
2 Service refers to the period of employment, while participation includes
period of plan membership only. Periods m ay he identical or m ay vary if
eligibility requirements prior to membership in the plan are specified.
3 This plan required 15 years of vesting service, where 1 year is given for
each year of service to age 40, 2 years for each year between age 40 and 50,
and 3 years for each year over age 50.
vesting, and 1 immediate full vesting. Deferred
full vesting constituted a somewhat larger pro
portion of the total than in 1952.
Under deferred full vesting, the worker retains
a right to all accrued benefits if he is terminated
after he attains a certain age and/or after he com
pletes a designated period of service or participa
tion in the plan. For example, one plan states
that:
An employee . . . who, upon termination of employ
ment has attained the age of 40 and has 10 years or more
of company service credit, is eligible for a pension bene
fit . . . with payments starting upon receipt of written
request of said employee to the company at or after he
attains age 65.
746
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able 3.
M in im u m A ge
and
S er v ic e R e q u ir e m e n t s
for
Minimum age requirements 3
All plans
None
M inim um service requirements s
Number
D e fe r r e d F ull V e st in g , L ate 1958 1
Age 40
Age 45
Age 50
Age 55
Age 60
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
Workers
(thou Plans (thou Plans (thou Plans (thou Plans (thou Plans (thou Plans (thou
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
All plans with deferred full vesting.
154
2,335.8
43
445.4
5 years of service.................................
6 years of service________________
7 years of service............. ....................
8 years of service...................... ...........
10 years of service____ ____ ______
11 years of service...............................
12 years of service........... ...................
13 years of service..............................
15 years of service___ _____ ____
16 years of service_______________
18 years of service........................ .......
20 years of service............... ................
21 years of service............... ..............
25 years of service_______________
2
3
2
2
47
4
1
1
71
3
1
10
1
6
14.0
14.2
22.4
32.9
1,035. 2
25.3
5.0
1.5
920.1
9.1
2.9
167.0
5.8
80.4
1
2
1
2
15
3
1
7.5
9.8
12.4
32.9
160.2
10.3
5.0
9
2
1
5
58.0
6.1
2.9
130.3
1
10.0
77
28
49
1,692. 7
864.7
828.0
10
27.2
1
4.4
3
8.8
5
1
11.0
3.0
14
101.1
8
64.5
1
6.5
1
1.5
1
10.0
1
15.0
1
3
1. 5
8.9
3
9.3
5
1
2
36. 7
5.8
23.2
3
47.2
2
4.9
2
4.9
' F °r coverage, see table 1.
3 1.or those plans which specified a period of employment to be served before
participation in the plan could begin, the minimum service requirement
includes the preparticipation service and the required plan membership
service.
3 In a few cases, alternative requirements were specified. In each case, the
one with the earliest age or no age requirement was selected,
Under deferred graded vesting, the worker ac
quires a right to a certain percentage of accrued
benefits when he meets specified requirements.
The percentage vested increases as additional re
quirements are fulfilled, until the worker becomes
fully vested.
In contrast to these methods of deferring an
equity or right in employer contributions until
minimum age and/or service requirements have
been fulfilled, under immediate full vesting the
worker secures a vested right upon becoming cov
ered by the pension plan. A preparticipation
period of employment may, however, be required
before the worker is covered by the pension plan;
in the one plan providing immediate full vesting
found in this study, there was no such requirement.
up to 5 years. This preparticipation period,
where required, must be taken into account in eval
uating service requirements of vesting provisions.9
Requirements for Vesting
The emphasis on age and service, which are
typically key elements in a pension plan, is quite
apparent in vesting provisions. Age and, more
particularly, service requirements are restrictive
devices designed to serve several purposes, not the
least of which is reducing the cost of vesting.
In some pension plans, length of plan member
ship rather than length of service is used. This
substitution has significance for the present study
when the worker is not covered by the plan imme
diately upon hire or shortly thereafter, but must
serve a preparticipation period which may range
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Of the 300 plans stud
ied, 73 established preparticipation requirements
which, in most cases, withheld pension coverage
from newly hired workers. Of these 73 plans, 61
had vesting provisions. In 26 of the 61 plans, the
preparticipation service could be counted in deter
mining eligibility for vesting, but only plan mem
bership service could be credited in the remaining
35. Seven of the 35 plans provided deferred
graded vesting; 28 plans provided deferred full
vesting. To reflect total employment required for
vesting under these 35 plans, their minimum serv
ice requirement as presented here (except in table
2) include both the preparticipation service and
the plan membership service.
P re p a rtic ip a tio n S ervice.
The minimum require
ments stipulated in the 154 plans providing de
ferred full vesting are shown in table 2 as they
were expressed in the plans, that is, without ad
justments in the 28 plans which excluded prepar
ticipation service. As will be seen later, the wide
variety of provisions, a feature also found in the
1952 study, reflects, in part at least, the ways in
which vesting requirements merge into early reD e fe rre d F u ll V estin g .
9
In plans with preparticipation requirements, such service is
not usually used for computing accrued benefits, whether or not
it counts toward determining eligibility for benefits.
747
VESTING PROVISIONS IN PENSION PLANS
tirement requirements. The concentration of
plans and workers covered in two categories—age
40 and 10 years of service, and age 40 and 15
years of service—is attributable to the influence
of plans in the automobile and steel industries,
respectively. With the necessary adjustments in
28 plans to take account of preparticipation re
quirements, length-of-service requirements for
deferred full vesting ranged from 5 to 25 years
(table 3). Approximately 75 percent of the plans
specified either 10 or 15 years of service. Only
6 percent of the plans required less than 10 years,
while 14 percent required more than 15 years.
Minimum age requirements for deferred full
vesting were also stipulated in almost three out of
four plans. Age 40 was by far the most common
at which the worker with the required service be
comes vested. In 24 plans, the minimum was age
50 or over—the ages, as discussed later, at which
early retirement provisions may apply.
Among the 19 plans
providing deferred graded vesting, minimum age
and service requirements also varied considerably
(table 4). The minimum service necessary before
any part of the employer’s contribution was vested
ranged from 5 to 15 years (including prepartici
pation service in 7 plans which required plan
membership service for deferred graded vesting).
Fifteen plans conditioned partial vesting on meet
ing a requirement of 10 or more years of service.
Six of the plans provided that a specified age also
must be attained.
The methods of grading also varied widely.
Among these 19 plans, the most common types of
grading were 25 or 50 percent vesting after mini
mum service requirements had been fulfilled, with
an additional 5 or 10 percent vested for each sub
sequent year of service. In some plans, service was
not the only determinant for additional vesting.
For example, in one plan, the worker was 10 per
cent vested if he had 5 or more years of service at
age 45. Additional vesting was on the basis of 10
percent for each year of service after first vesting
until age 54. No further vesting was possible after
that age.
In 12 of the 19 plans, 20 or more years of service
were required before the worker was fully vested.
In the remaining plans, the service needed for full
benefits ranged from 12 to 18 years.
D e fe rre d G ra d ed V estin g .
511024— 59------2
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O th er R equ irem en ts. In some plans, the nature
of the separation was a factor in determining
eligibility for vesting rights. The predominant
standard in the plans studied was to permit reten
tion of vested pension credits, the worker being
otherwise qualified, in case of termination for any
reason. However, slightly more than a fourth of
the programs conditioned vesting on other factors.
For example, one plan stated th a t:
. . . any em ployee w h o sh a ll be la id off and n ot recalled
w ith in 2 years, or w h ose em ploym ent is term in ated a s a
resu lt o f a p erm anent sh utd ow n o f a p lan t, departm ent, or
su b d ivision thereof, and w ho a t th e end o f su ch 2 years
or th e d a te o f h is term in ation sh a ll h a v e reached h is 40th
b irthday and a t su ch tim e sh a ll h ave 15 or m ore y e a rs of
continuou s service, sh a ll be eligible, upon m aking ap p lica
tion th erefor a s specified herein, to receive a deferred
vested retirem en t pension.
Prevalence of E arly Retirement
Among the 300 plans studied, early retirement
provisions were found to be much more prevalent
than vesting provisions—218 plans, as shown in
the tabulation on the following page, as against
174 plans.
T a b l e 4.
Plans
D e f e r r e d G r ad ed V e s t in g P r o v isio n s
S el e c t e d P e n sio n P l a n s , L a te 1958 1
M ini
mum
age
Mlnimum
Initial
per
years of
service 2 cent
vested
One.
One.
One.
5
6
8
One.
10
One.
One.
10
One.
11
One.
One.
One.
Two.
One.
Two.
One.
One.
One.
One.
10
40
40
45
50
52
25
5
45
in
Grading
Service steps
(years)
5 . . .......................
1...... ....................
1_____________
25 /First 5................
/N ext 5 ...........
25
5_____________
1_____________
5
IFor each of
first 5
25 1) For
each of
next 5
1_____________
50
1 . . .......................
50
25
5______ ______
1_____________
50
50
5_____________
1_____________
50
3313 5_____________
10
1_____________
1_____________
50
50
(5)
Years of
service
for full
vesting
Addi
tional
percent
vested
25
5
15
25
50
25
5
5
10
5
10
25
5
25
10
33/3
10
10
5
20
25
12
}
20
25
29
1 21
21
18
28
25
25
15
20
3 14
‘ 15
*15
1 For coverage, see table 1.
2 See footnote 2, table 3.
3 In this plan, the worker was 10 percent vested at age 45 with 5 or more
years of service, plus 10 percent for each additional year of service thereafter
until age 54.
* In this plan, the worker was 50 percent vested at age 50 with 10 or more
years of service, plus 10 percent for each additional year of service thereafter
until fully vested.
5 In this plan, the worker was 50 percent vested at age 52 with 15 or more
years of service, plus 5 percent for each year his age was over 52. A worker
aged 62 with 15 or more years of service was fully vested.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
748
W o rk ers
(th o u sa n d s)
P la n s
All plans studied.
300
4, 909. 8
All plans with early retirement
provisions. ________ _______
Noncontributory plans _
Contributory plans ______
Single employer plans
Multiemployer plans._
218
170
48
201
17
3, 071. 0
2, 587. 0
484. 0
2, 848. 7
222. 3
Almost 9 out of 10 single employer plans con
tained early retirement provisions, while only a
fourth of the multiemployer plans had such provi
sions. Early retirement was available under al
most all contributory plans and about two-thirds
of the noncontributory plans.
Early retirement and vesting provisions were
most commonly found associated with each other
in a plan, with 163 plans, covering about 2.5 million
workers, containing both provisions. About one
out of four plans in the study did not provide
for either early retirement or vesting. More than
two-thirds of these were multiemployer plans.
Requirements for E arly Retirement
In order to retire early, the worker usually must
meet specified age and/or service requirements, as
in the case of vesting. On the whole, length-ofservice requirements for early retirement were not
T a ble 5.
M inim u m A ge
and
significantly different from those for vesting.
Fifteen years of service10 was the most common
specification, and 10 and 20 years were also fre
quently required. Thirty-six plans required less
than 5 years of service and 10 required none—only
one plan providing vesting (that with immediate
full vesting) fell in this latter group (table 5).
On the other hand, minimum age requirements
for early retirement were generally substantially
higher than those for vesting, as would be ex
pected. All but 17 plans stipulated age 55 or
higher; age 60 was established as the minimum
age for early retirement in more than half of the
plans.
A requirement not found in vesting provisions
was specified in 68 early retirement plans—the
worker could retire early only with the consent of,
or at the request of, his employer. Provisions of
this type were presumably designed to reduce or
control early retirement, not to bar it. What such
provisions mean in actual practice undoubtedly
varies widely among companies, and within the
same company at different times; the wording of
the pension plans offers no measure of practice in
this regard.
10 In p la n s w h ich specified p lan m em bership req uirem ents in
order to r etire early, th e p r e p a rticip a tio n period h a s been added
to p lan m em bership service fo r pu rp oses o f th is a n a ly sis.
S er vic e R e q u ir e m e n t s
for
E arly R e t ir e m e n t , L ate 1958 1
Minimum age requirements3
All plans
Minimum service requirements 2
None
Age 50
Age 55
Age 60
Other 4
N um
Workers Plans
W orkers Plans W orkers Plans Workers Plans Workers Plans
Workers
(thousands)
ber
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
All plans with early retirement___
N one_____________ - ____- . . .
1 year of service_________________
2 years of serv ice_____________
3 years of service_________________
5 years of service____ . _______
6 years of service________________
7 years of service_________________
10 years of service ___
_______
11 years of service________________
15 years of service___________ ____
18 years of service________________
20 years of service________________
21 years of service_______________
25 years of service
__
30 years of service______________ 35 years of service.- _____________
5 218
3,071.0
10
16
2
8
11
1
1
43
3
74
1
31
3
8
5
1
28.9
211.9
21.4
71.2
121.8
8.8
12.4
1,157. 4
19.7
929.5
31.8
219.6
9.2
66.1
153.8
7.5
10
Ï
1
1
200.6
14.8
79
774.8
120
2,059.7
3
21.1
1
2
1.0
4.0
6
13
1
7
8
1
1
10
1
9
18.6
91.9
16.4
67.7
95.6
8.8
12.4
122.8
1.3
123.1
2
1
6.6
116.0
1
2.7
1
2
3.5
12.2
1
14.0
32
1,031.0
4.4
173. 6
2. 5
30. 8
9.3
802.0
31. 8
38.8
6. 7
11.1
1
17
1
3
1
64
1
12
2
3
5.0
3.6
15.8
1
2
2
4
1
24.2
144.5
7.5
! For coverage, see table 1.
2 See footnote 2, table 3.
3 In some plans, alternative requirements were specified. In each case, the
one with the earliest age or no age requirement was selected. Age require
ments were lower for women in a number of plans: 5 years in 6 plans cover
ing 60,800 workers, and 10 years in 1 plan covering 2,900 workers.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6
2.6
7.2
4 In these plans, the minimum requirements were age 62, age 58 and 3 years
of service, and age 45 and 15 years of service.
6 Excludes 8 plans, covering 328,000 workers, in which women could retire
early. In 6 plans, covering 313,500 workers, the minimum requirements were
age 62 and 20 years of service; in 1 plan, covering 2,700 workers, the require
ment was age 62; in the remaining plan with 10,000 workers, the requirements
were age 62 and 5 years of service.
749
VESTING PROVISIONS IN PENSION PLANS
Earliest Age at Which a Worker Hired at Age 25
Can Expect to Become Fully Vested or to Qualify
for Early Retirement1
puted for each of the 300 plans studied. All
measurable factors, such as minimum age require
ments, length-of-service requirements, plan mem
bership requirements, and preparticipation pe
riods, were taken into account. I t was assumed
that the worker would remain in the same employ
ment for all of his working life. The results
(purely hypothetical, it must be emphasized) are
presented in the accompanying chart.
The earliest age at which the newly hired 25year-old worker could expect to become fully
vested ranged up to 62 years. In 40 percent of the
300 plans, the worker would be fully vested by
the time he reached age 45. Before he reached
his 60th birthday, the possibility of early retire
ment would be available to the worker under 32
percent of the plans.
The integration of vesting and early retirement
indicated in the chart reveals the prospects which
face a 25-year-old worker in eventually realizing
the pension credits he is beginning to accumulate.
In 24 percent of the plans, he will have to reach
normal retirement age, typically 65, in the same
employment (or under the coverage of a multi
employer plan) to secure any return. Prior to
reaching age 55, he will have become fully vested
or will have met the requirements for early re
tirement in a little more than half of the plans.
Portability Under M ultiemployer P lans
1 F o r coverage, see ta b le 1.
2 In 10 p la n s, w om en can ex p ect to q u a lify fo r benefits 5 years
earlier th a n men.
3 L ess th a n 1 p ercent.
4 N one.
Prospects of Vesting or Early Retirement
Age and service requirements were basic to the
vesting provisions studied; in most cases, differ
ent age and service requirements were stipulated
for early retirement. With all these variables,
it is difficult to evaluate the significance of these
provisions to the workers covered by pension
plans. Yet under certain assumptions, a unified
picture can be obtained. For this purpose, the
prospects for full vesting or early retirement, or
neither, for a worker hired at age 25 were com
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Perhaps the ideal method of protecting pension
rights of workers who transfer from one employer
to any other employer with a pension plan is to
allow them to carry their previously earned pen
sion credits, as under the Federal social security
program. Problems of great magnitude are posed
by such an approach, and proposals along these
lines have been thus far confined chiefly to theoret
ical discussions. Yet a limited portability of
pension credits is implicit in multiemployer plans
which may provide all the protection most work
ers under these plans need during their working
life.
The scope of multiemployer plans tends to, but
need not necessarily, parallel the scope of the col
lective bargaining agreement. Under such a plan,
a number of employers (e.g., an association) under
a single agreement with a union, or a number of
employers under separate contracts, agree to con
tribute specified amounts to a pooled central fund.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
750
Many of these plans are in industries character
ized by seasonal or irregular employment, or fre
quent job changes, with accompanying difficulties
for the worker in remaining with a single em
ployer long enough to qualify for a pension. The
multiemployer plan provides a solution to this
problem—as long as the worker remains employed
by one of the employer members, his coverage
under the pension plan continues. In addition, the
only way small employers may be able to provide
pensions is to combine their resources with others.
As previously indicated, only 12 of the 69 multi
employer plans provided for full vesting and 17
for early retirement. Workers covered by multi
employer plans may not have the complete pro
tection offered by formal vesting, nor an equal
opportunity to retire early, but they do have what
workers under single employer plans lack—as
long as they remain within the scope of the pension
plan they may move from one employer to another
and continuously build up credits toward retire
ment.
The most rapid extension of private pension plans dates from 1950. That
timing was determined to some extent by the depression of the 1930’s. Con
sider those workers who are now, in the 1950’s, confronted with the problem
of adequate retirement income. They are men and women who were in
their forties—and presumably at the height of their earning capacity—dur
ing the depression. For a generation with that history, it is obviously idle
to question whether a man should or should not be expected to provide for
himself. Back in the year 1920, how could the young man of thirty have
anticipated his future earnings and budgeted his standard of living with such
foresight and success as to go through the years 1930-1936 with enough sav
ings left over to provide for his retirement in 1958?
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—Robert Tilove, Pension Funds and Economic Freedom (New York, Fund for
the Republic, 1959), p. 3.
Interests at Stake
in the Investment
of Pension Funds
V ictor L. A ndrews *
F or the 11 million active workers who were
members of noninsured corporate pension plans1
at the end of 1958, prospective benefits were se
cured by over $22 billion of assets held in several
thousand trust funds.2 The investment policy of
the trustees of these funds is important not only
to the employees but also to their employers and
the unions which represent them because of the
pivotal role investment earnings play in determin
ing benefits and costs. Earnings are also vital to
the professional trustee, in view of the high degree
of competition for pension trust business. Fund
assets and investment of the inflow of new money
represent a powerful force in the securities mar
kets. In recent years, the convergence of an in
flationary threat and a shift in the legal
circumstances of pension investment have moved
trust managers to rely increasingly on common
stocks. In addition, it has been argued that, irre
spective of inflation, common stock returns over
the long run are superior to those of other invest
ment media. Nevertheless, corporate bonds have
continued to be the greatest single class of secu
rities held by corporate pension trusts; the shift
to common stocks has been at the expense of
Government securities.
The H istory of Pension Fund Investm ent
Before World War II, noninsured pension
funds invested predominantly in debt securities
(corporate and Government bonds), but corporate
stocks constituted a sizable proportion of total
assets. During the 1920’s and the early 1930’s,
corporate bonds were 60 percent of assets and
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
debt of the United States Government another 10
percent, while corporate stocks were 20 percent
and cash and “other” investments, such as mort
gages and real estate holdings, amounted to 5 per
cent each.3 The latter have never been significant
as pension investments.
The bond-stock division of assets remained con
stant during the 1930’s, but, with the contraction
in corporate bonds outstanding in the pit of the
depression and low issuances thereafter, pension
funds turned to the rising volume of securities
being offered by the Government to finance its
deficits. By 1939, corporate bonds had fallen to
55 percent of assets, and U.S. Government secu
rities had risen to 15 percent.
World War I I forced a terrific buildup of in
vestment in Government securities. From 1939 to
1945, assets held by pension trusts increased from
an estimated $1.0 billion to $2.9 billion. Caught
between this increase of resources and a wartime
lT>w in the volume of corporate bond issues, pen
sion trusts turned for earning outlets to the warswollen Government debt. By 1945, Government
securities had climbed to 45 percent of assets, and
corporate bonds had dwindled to 36 percent. Cor
porate stock had declined to 12 percent of assets.
Between the end of World W ar I I and 1951, the
first year for which detailed data are available,
part of the distortion produced by wartime in
vestment had been reduced. At the end of 1951,
however, Government debt constituted approxi
mately 32 percent of total assets. Corporate
bonds were 45 percent of all investments, and com
mon stock was 12 percent—both considerably
below the level of the 1920’s and 1930’s. Preferred
stock was almost 4 percent of assets. (See table.)
Since 1951, the outstanding feature of investing
policy has been a shift from bonds to stock. Gov
ernment securities and corporate bonds combined
♦Assistant Professor of Finance, School of Industrial Manage
ment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1 Excludes profit-sharing plans with retirement features and
union administered funds covering employees of more than one
company, as well as insured plans. The insured plans covered an
estimated 5 million workers whose benefits were secured by $14
billion of reserves.
2 The word “fund” refers throughout this article to the body
of assets possessed by a noninsured corporate pension plan, and
held in trust to assure payment of benefits.
* Figures on portfolio distribution for all years before 1951
are from Raymond W. Goldsmith, Financial Intermediaries in
the American Economy Since 1900 (Princeton, N.J., Princeton
University Press, 1958), table A-10, p. 371.
751
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
752
The fact that corporate bonds normally have
constituted the major part of total debt securities
held by pension funds is the straightforward re
sult of a customary superiority of their yields over
those on the bonds of the other major issuers—the
Federal Government and State and local govern
ments.
State and local government bonds are, in effect,
ruled out by the tax status of pension funds.
Such bonds ordinarily yield less before tax than
similar quality corporate and U.S. Government
bonds. They attract investors with high tax rates
because interest on them is exempt from Federal
income tax, and, their after-tax yield to these in
vestors is higher than that on fully taxable cor
porate and U.S. Government bonds. However,
pension funds, whose investment income is tax free,
have no incentive to accept the lower before-tax
yield of State and local government bonds. In
consequence, these bonds do not appear in pension
portfolios.
Among the fully taxable bonds, mainly cor
porate bonds and most U.S. Government bonds,
pension funds rely mostly on the former because
they offer higher yields. Many investors find a
place in their portfolios for Governments because
their combination of yield and. liquidity is satis
factory, but large pension funds have little use for
a high degree of liquidity.
Small funds do, however, have a systematic ten
dency toward a much heavier usage of liquid as-
fell from 77 percent of all assets to 62 percent in
1958, solely as the result of a deemphasis of Gov
ernment securities, which outweighed an increase
in corporate bond holdings. Simultaneously, pen
sion funds placed rapidly mounting reliance on
common stock. From 1951 to 1958, when total
assets expanded by $15.2 billion, $5.2 billion of
common stock was added to fund portfolios at
book value, to raise it from about 12 percent to 27
percent of assets; at market value, it rose to 39
percent.4 In 1958, 43 percent of net receipts were
invested in common stock.
This drastic redistribution was both a defense
against inflation and an attempt to take advantage
of economic growth and rising yields. It was the
key move to preserve the health of pension funds
in a rapidly shifting financial environment.
The Foundations of Investing Policy
The history of pension investments highlights
two characteristic tendencies: the predominance
of debt securities and the extensive use of common
stock.6 These derive from a combination of the
purposes of pension funds and the financial struc
ture peculiar to them.
The
main reason for the use of relatively stable-valued
bonds as the mainstay of pension portfolios is
that the liabilities of a pension trust are largely
fixed. Given this, investment managers on the
whole have concluded that asset values should
parallel the fixed liability of the fund. Therefore,
in general, investment policy has elected the bond
as its major instrument.
F ix e d L ia b ilitie s a n d B o n d In v e stm e n t.
D is t r ib u t io n op A s s e t s f o r N o n in s u r e d
* Corporate Pension Funds, 1958, Statistical Series Release No.
1605 (Washington, Securities and Exchange Commission, May
26, 1959), p. 5.
5 Pension funds employ the commonplace devices relied upon by
all investors ; for example, diversification of assets along several
lines. Analysis here is focused on distinctive aspects only.
C o r p o r a t e P e n s i o n F u n d s , b y T y p e o f A s s e t , 195 1 -5 8 1
Book value at end of year (millions of dollars)
Type of asset
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1958
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
All a ssets...______________ _____ _ 6,876
8, 382 10, 222 12,153 14, 230 16, 639 19,319 22,094
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Cash and deposits______ _______
291
TJ.S. Government securities_______ 2,170
Corporate bonds_________ . _
3,125
Preferred stock____ ___________
272
Common stock__________________
812
Mortgages_____________________
0
Other assets_____________________
206
265
2,162
4,142
331
1,206
(2)
277
4.2
31.6
45.4
3.9
11.8
(2)
3.0
3.2
25.8
49.4
3.9
14.4
(2)
3.3
3.0
22.5
50.7
3.9
16.1
0
3.8
2.4
18.8
52.3
3.7
18.8
0
3.9
2.4
17.8
50.8
3.6
20.8
1.0
3.6
2.0
13.8
52.3
3.4
22.7
1.4
4.4
1.9
10.5
53.8
3.1
24.7
1.6
4.3
1.7
9.0
53.1
3.0
27.3
1.8
4.0
313
2,297
5,181
397
1,649
0
384
296
2,284
6, 359
454
2, 286
(2)
473
343
2,536
7,225
510
2,958
146
511
1956
Percentage distribution
332
368
383
2, 293 2,032 1,985
8,704 10, 392 11, 731
570
611
655
3, 774 4,770 6,042
230
313
405
833
892
736
* For coverage, see text footnote 1.
_
2 N ot available separately for 1951-54; included in “other assets” for those
years.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay no t equal totals.
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1957
S ouece : Corporate Pension Funds [1957 and 1958], Statistical Series Release Nos. 1533 and 1605 (Washington, Securities and Exchange Commission,
June 8,1958, and M ay 26, 1959, respectively), p. 4.
753
THE INVESTMENT OF PENSION FUNDS
sets—cash and Government securities—than the
larger funds.6 This probably stems both from the
small funds’ difficulty in trading profitably be
cause of the small sums involved and the conse
quently prohibitive cost of security analysis, and
from their greater need for liquid reserves due to
inability to benefit from an averaging of expected
cash demands, as funds with large memberships
do. Hence, they are subject to less regular and
less predictable needs for cash, and keep propor
tionately larger precautionary reserves.
This observation is an important one because an
overwhelming proportion of pension plans are
comparatively small, say, under $5 million of as
sets. At the end of 1954, the assets of nearly 71
percent of all corporate funds fell under this fig
ure.7 However, these funds controlled only
slightly in excess of 7 percent of fund assets at the
time.
The keystone of
pension funds’ rather extensive commitment to
common stock is the stability and predictability
of their needs for cash. Pension funds have no
obligations payable on demand. Benefit payments
are the only significant outflow of cash, and they
are tied to employee retirements, which are actuarially predictable. Moreover, the inflows of cash
from employer and/or employee contributions are
semicontractual and reliable. Consequently, there
is no danger of having to sell stock at depressed
market levels to meet an unexpected demand for
cash. Even the small funds, with their relatively
great liquidity, have substantial holdings of com
mon stock.
Equally important is the long period of net
growth enjoyed by most pension funds. If the
work force is relatively young or if employment
covered by the plan is expanding, particularly
among young workers, payments to the pension
fund will more than equal benefit payments to
retired workers, for an indefinite period. As a
result, for most funds there is almost no threat for
the period of a generation that it will be necessary
to sell a fund’s assets to pay benefits.
A ssu re d L iq u id ity P o sitio n s.
8 Survey of Corporate Pension Funds, 1951—1954 (Washing
ton, Securities and Exchange Commission, October 1, 1956),
table 4, p. 28.
* Ibid., table 7, p. 31.
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In general, then, a pension fund’s investment
manager can bide his time in liquidating the trust’s
stock holdings. This same long-term stability
affords him plenty of opportunities to redistribute
his portfolio, should changing conditions warrant,
by diverting cash inflows in the desired direction
rather than by selling one security to buy another,
which is more expensive and may be difficult to
do without loss.
An im
portant permissive element in the use of common
stock by pension trusts is the fact that they, unlike
most financial institutions (except investment
companies), are not subject to regulations which
severely limit or prohibit investment in common
stock. However, the law of trust investment has
been powerful in molding present attitudes toward
pension and other trust investment by indirect
means. State laws imposing investment limita
tions, other than those setting forth fiduciary re
sponsibility, etc., apply only to trusts invested at
the discretion of the trustee. Nevertheless, the
standards imposed on discretionary trusts do es
tablish an informal benchmark for cases where
the trustor determines investing policies.
Two schools of thought have run concurrently
in fiduciary law. One has argued that safety and
defensibility in investment can be achieved by
compelling trustees to purchase securities from a
prescribed legal list of securities; the other, that
defensibility in investment is to be achieved by
relying upon the skill of prudent men without
giving specific limitations. This “prudent man”
rule has prevailed in Massachusetts since 1830.
In most States, however, the “legal list” notion
prevailed until the 1930’s, when many securities
on legal lists failed. Now, a great majority of the
States employ the prudent man rule.
The most important State fiduciary laws for
pension trusts are those of New York because a
very large proportion of total pension assets are
governed by trustees domiciled there. In 1950,
New York adopted a modified prudent man rule
which, in effect, permits trustees to invest up to
35 percent of a trust’s assets in securities not on
the legal list, and this generally is taken to mean
that up to 35 percent of a discretionary trust may
be allocated to common stock. This liberalization
of trust law was but one of several moderate statuL eg a l C ircum stances o f P en sion T ru sts.
754
tory changes, all aimed at taking account of a
changing disposition toward common stock invest
ment.8
T h e T h re a t o f In flation . At first glance, a rapidly
rising price level poses no problem for a pension
fund because its liabilities are stated usually as
fixed monetary sums. For at least two reasons,
however, pension fund managers cannot shrug off
inflation, and they have hedged against it by in
vesting in common stocks.
First, rises in the cost of living are almost sure
to be manifested sooner or later in employee pres
sure for expanded pension benefits. Increased
benefits can be financed partly by devoting some
of the pension portfolio to common stock, which
will presumably appreciate in value as commodity
prices rise. In large measure, this explains the
surge of pension funds into common stock starting
at about the time of the Korean conflict, when
prices were soaring. The trend was strengthened
by the acceptance, at about the same time, of a
liberalized view of fiduciary law, and by the fact
that postwar fears of the widely anticipated
relapse of the economy into chronic depression had
been dispelled.
Pension trust managers are alert to the possi
bilities of common stock on a second score. Many
arguments have been advanced to the effect that,
irrespective of inflation, the combination of price
appreciation and dividends on common stock has
proved to be superior over long periods to the
earnings on other investment media. This logic,
carried to its ultimate, means that a pension fund
can, and should, invest virtually 100 percent in
common stock. Presumably, added risk will be
more than offset by increased earnings.9 But, in
fact, few pension trusts are devoted entirely to
common stock.
The Distribution of Earnings
The earnings and capital growth of a pension
fund are of paramount importance because of the
role they play in determining the cost of a pension
plan, and/or the level of benefits it pays.10 Con
tributions to a pension trust, until they are even
tually paid out as benefits, are invested as earning
assets. Reinvestment of earnings over a long
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
period has the familiar power of compound in
terest. Together, the contributions and the earn
ings must grow to meet the future liabilities for
retirement payments. With a given level of bene
fits promised, contributions can be reduced dollarfor-dollar by added earnings. Alternatively, if
contributions remain constant, increased earnings
can be used to raise benefit levels. In other words,
earnings can be divided between cost reduction
and benefit expansion. One illustration of the
power of increased earnings is that an increase of
1 percent in the return on a portfolio will, over
40 years, decrease costs by about 20 percent, or
raise benefits by approximately 25 percent. In
practice, the division of yield between added bene
fits and cost reduction depends largely upon the
particular plan’s characteristics.
T h e In te rests o f C overed E m p lo yees. Employee
interest in a pension fund’s assets is predominantly
conservative, in the sense that with the passage of
time the fund should progressively absorb respon
sibility for retirement benefits. Because the fund
is a kind of collateral for pension payments, pres
ervation of its assets should be a prime interest
of employees. Employee concern is weak, how
ever, particularly under a fixed-benefit plan, where
the employer is ultimately responsible for any
deficiency of the fund if contributions and earn
ings prove insufficient.
The link between employee interests and a
fund’s investment return depends upon the benefit
formula of the plan in question. If the plan speci
fies fixed benefits, the employer will use increased
earnings to achieve cost reduction unless benefit
levels are raised. However, the ability of em
ployees to obtain liberalized benefits will depend
partly upon the earnings of a fund because, of
course, increases from this source substitute for
added contributions.
8 For example, since 1950, New York laws governing life insur
ance company investing have been liberalized twice to allow
greater use of common stock and a similar modification of the
llaws governing savings banks has been enacted.
8 See Paul L. Howell, A Reexamination of Pension Fund In
vestment Policies (in Journal of Finance, May 1958, pp. 261274). Also, Common Stocks and Pension Fund Investing (in
Harvard Business Review, November-December 1958, pp. 92106).
10 Other factors affecting cost and/or benefits are neglected
here to pinpoint the impact of fund earnings alone.
THE INVESTMENT OF PENSION FUNDS
755
U nion In te re st. Much as the employees’ interest in
safety and earnings is heavily qualified by the em
ployer’s ultimate responsibility and by the benefit
formula of the plan, union concern with invest
ment policy is weakened.11 In money-purchase
plans, the union, like the employees, has a stronger
interest.
Unions exercise some investing influence when
they participate in the choice of individuals serv
ing as trustees. In plans using individuals as
trustees, unions either alone or with the employer
appointed trustees in about 28 percent of the pen
sion plans covering 20 or more employees in New
York in 1955.12 Unions, however, rarely partici
pate in the choice of trustees in bank-trusteed
funds; in New York in 1954, the trustee had been
appointed by the union alone in 0.2 percent of the
plans and jointly with the employer in 0.8 percent
of the cases.13
T he E m p lo y e r as T ru sto r. In fixed-benefit plans,
the employer has the clearest and most immediate
interest in the investment policy, because increased
earnings either directly lower costs14 or serve as
a hedge against future liberalizations of the pen
sion plan’s benefits if contributions are not re
duced. In money-purchase plans, the employer’s
stake in earnings is less pointed, because his finan
cial commitment is stated in fixed monetary terms.
It is true, however, that the prospects of increasing
benefits from fortunate investment might forestall
pressure in bargaining for expanded contributions.
The immediacy of the employers’ interest is re
flected in the control they exercise in trust invest
ment policy, either directly or through the appoint
ment of trustees. Employers almost exclusively
rule the choice of bank trustees. In over 97 per
cent of the 1,024 pension trusts held by New York
banks in 1954, the trustee had been appointed by
the employer alone.15 In over two-thirds of these
cases, the trustee alone determined investments and
investment policy and in almost 90 percent, the
trustee had some responsibility.16 When the em
ployer alone appoints an individual (s) as trustee
or administers the plan himself, his influence is
direct. Sometimes too, the corporation employs a
professional investment manager who also serves
as one of the trustees, and this strengthens the
corporation’s influence.
11 In plans covering at least half of the 5.8 million pensioncovered members of the American Federation of Labor and Con
gress of Industrial Organizations in 1954, the union exercised
no significant control. See Final Report Submitted to the Senate
Committee on Labor and Welfare by its Subcommittee on Wel
fare and Pension Funds (84th Cong., 2d sess., Committee print,
April 6, 1956).
MPrivate Employee Benefit Plans— A Public T ru st: A Report
on Welfare and Pension Funds in New York State (New York,
State Insurance Department, 1956), table 5.
13 Pension and Other Employee Welfare Plans, 1955 (New York
State Banking Department, 1955), table 17, p. 17.
References to cost here refer directly to employer contribu
tions, but the meaning of cost to the employer can take another
turn. One author has pointed out that 100 percent investment
in bonds in a prominent fund led to a rate of earnings lower
than the employer’s cost of debt financing. In effect, pension
benefits were financed indirectly through the earnings on higher
cost funds derived from the capital market. See Howell, op. cit.,
pp. 268-270.
15 Pension and Other Employee Welfare Plans, op. cit., table 17,
p. 17.
18 Ibid., table 30, p. 30.
17 Two questions that arise unfailingly concern the investment
of a pension fund in securities of the employer, and the voting
of stock held in trust. The matter has been thoroughly debated
in other publications, and so it is left aside here.
T h e P ro fessio n a l Trustee"1s P o sitio n . The bank
trustee’s interest in pension fund earnings stems
directly from competition for pension trust busi
ness with other corporate trustees, and, in broader
terms, with the insurance industry and individual
trustees. Thus, two constraints are imposed. The
bank trustee must observe the generally accepted
canons of investing. At the same time, his business
is to produce earnings, and he must stand evalua
tion by comparision with his competitors.17
The tug-of-war for pension business has shown
up in recent years in attempts by life insurance
companies to obtain concessions from the Massa
chusetts and New York legislatures to permit
segregation of pension fund money from general
assets, presumably for investing in modes more
suited to pension objectives than are customary
life insurance portfolios.
On the other hand, if the pension plan is the
money-purchase type, in which the employer
merely agrees to contribute a certain sum periodi
cally, benefits are entirely dependent on money
available upon the employees’ retirement. Any
thing added through earnings on the fund will
directly return to the employees as increased bene
fits. In such cases, the interest of the trust’s bene
ficiaries is decidedly pointed.
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
756
Impact on the Securities Markets
The rapid financial growth of pension funds
has led to widespread concern over the effect of
their purchases in the securities markets because
of the great magnitude of these purchases and
their concentration on high-grade securities. The
latter aspect is also significant as a comment upon
the quality of their investments.
A certain amount of interest attaches to the di
rect sale of new issues of corporate bonds to pen
sion funds. No data are available on the extent
of the practice, but it is clear that the large funds,
especially those trusteed by individuals appointed
by the corporate employer, purchase a significant
share of their yearly acquisitions this way rather
than in the open market.
At the end of 1956, pension funds held
only about 2 percent of the common and preferred
stock outstanding. Again, however, the current
rate of their net purchases makes them a sizable
figure in the stock market. In the period 1951-56,
investors as a whole made $17 billion net purchases
of common and preferred stock. Corporate pen
sion funds accounted for one-fifth of the total.
The penchant for high-grade securities applies
to common stock too. Financial observers have
asked if pension fund buying, together with that
of other institutions concentrated in the “bluechip” stratum, will produce price and yield dis
tortions favoring high-grade common stocks. The
statistical evidence supports the contention that
purchases are closely concentrated. When pension
trusts held by New York banks were surveyed in
1954,10 separate stocks constituted almost 27 per
cent of all holdings of individual stocks with ag
gregate holdings of more than $1 million; 20 stocks
equaled nearly 40 percent and 30 stocks came to a
little less than half of all such holdings.22 Simi
larly, a study of institutional investors in the com
mon stock market in the period 1953-55 found
that roughly one-fourth of total common stock
purchases by a sample of pension funds fell within
a list of 25 selected stocks.23
S tocks.
The volume of Govern
ment securities held and traded by corporate pen
sion funds is small compared with the Govern
ment debt outstanding and with trading by major
investors in this market. Government securities
held by pension funds only slightly exceeded $2.5
billion at the peak in 1955, and since have fallen
by about $0.6 billion, as already indicated. More
over, it has been unusual for pension funds’ hold
ings of Government securities to change more than
$100 million in a single quarter.18 Thus, in quan
titative terms, it is unlikely that pension funds are
large enough to affect the Government securities
market appreciably.
G o vern m en t S ecu rities.
C orp o ra te B on ds. In terms of current purchases,
pension funds are not modest figures in the corpo
rate bond market. As a percentage of corporate
bonds outstanding, pension holdings are not large,
perhaps about 9 percent.19 The rapid growth of
pension funds and their emphasis on corporate
bonds, however, has made the rate of their bond
acquisitions second only to that of life insurance
companies. In the 6 years 1951-56, pension funds
accounted for nearly 22 percent of the total in
crease in holdings of corporate bonds by all in
vestors.20
The institutional investor’s preference for highgrade corporate bonds is shared by pension funds.
The best statistical evidence comes from a survey
of securities held in pension trusts by New York
banks on September 30, 1954, which showed that
over 99 percent of securities held, including bonds,
were “investment grade” as rated by the invest
ment services or by the New York State Banking
Department.21
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
18 Treasury Bulletin, March 1954, p. 30, and quarterly issues
thereafter.
19 Vito Natrella, Implications of Pension Fund Accumulations,
paper delivered at the 117th annual meeting of the American Sta
tistical Association, Atlantic City, N.J., September 10, 1957, table
8, p. 27.
20 Ibid., table 7, p. 26.
21 Pension and Other Employee Welfare Plans, op. cit., table
3, p. 3.
22 Sherwin C. Badger, Thinking A h e a d F u n d s in the Stock
Market (in Harvard Business Review, July-August 1956, p. 34).
23 Institutional Investors and the Stock Market, 1953-1955
(U.S. Senate, 84th Cong., 2d sess.), p. 3.
Two European Trade Union Seminars
E
T h e tw o articles w h ich fo llo w are rela ted in the sense th a t both h ad a
com m on genesis— the trade u nion sem in a r p ro g ra m o f the E u ro p ea n P r o d u c tiv ity
A g e n c y (E P A ) — a lth o u g h the conference discu ssed in the second a rticle w as sponsored
b y an oth er o rgan ization . T h e E P A w as establish ed in M a y 1953 , w ith in the O rg a n i
z a tio n f o r E u ro p ea n E con om ic C ooperation , to a ssist in ra isin g p r o d u c tiv ity levels ,
to s tu d y the p ro b lem s in v o lv e d , an d to serve as a clearinghouse fo r the n a tio n a l pro
d u c tiv ity centers o f the 17 m em ber cou n tries. I ts tra d e u nion p ro g ra m p ro vid es, fo r
unions w h ich d esire to p a r tic ip a te , technical assistance in tra in in g (in clu d in g the trade
u nion sem in a rs ), in fo rm a tio n services , an d s tu d y m issions in the E u ropean countries
as w e ll as the U n ite d S ta te s an d Canada.
d it o r ’s
N
o t e .—
E uropean Union R esearch
an d E n g in eerin g Services
E verett M. K assalow *
a t i o n a l r e c o n s t r u c t i o n and productivity drives
in Western Europe have led to the establishment
since 1946 of many new trade union departments
conducting basic research and providing technical
services. A seminar sponsored by the Trade
Union Section of the European Productivity
Agency (E PA ),1 held in Vienna, December 9-12,
1958, offered an unusual opportunity to appraise
the development of the research and engineering
services in the trade union centers of Western
Europe.2 This article provides a report on the
seminar and some anticipated followup measures.
N
Origins of Departm ents
For the most part, the various research and en
gineering departments of western European
unions, like those of American unions, are of rela
tively recent origin, dating from the period of
World War I I and later. Notable exceptions are
the research and economic department of the Brit
ish Trades Union Congress (TUC), established in
1928, economic departments servicing the Austrian
Federation of Trade Unions—especially in the
period around World War I —and the research
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
and documentation section of the (Belgian) Con
federation of Christian Trade Unions, which dates
from 1919.
In Denmark, the closely related needs of the
trade union movement, the cooperative movement,
and the Socialist Party led to the creation of a
joint research board for these three bodies some
what earlier in Copenhagen (1936). (The pro
ductivity service of the Federation of Danish
Trade Unions, however, dates from 1952.) Such
a joint economic bureau for the Socialist Party
and the central labor federation is unique in West
ern Europe, although there are, of course, close
♦Director of Research, Industrial Union Department, AFLC IO .
1 The seminar was attended by specialists from union centers
in 14 European countries—Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom—the
United States and Canada, along with observers from the Inter
national Labor Organization, the International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions, the International Metalworkers Federation,
the European Economic Community, and the U.S. mission to the
Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC).
2 Prior to the meeting, the Trade Union Section sent a ques
tionnaire to all European union research and study departments
seeking information on their structure, studies in progress, per
sonnel, etc. The European union research department is the
counterpart of the research department of U.S. unions. The socalled European study department or service is roughly equiva
lent to the union engineering department or service in the United
States. The replies were summarized by J. R. Jouffret, secre
tary of the French Joint Union Center for Study and Research
on Productivity, and published by the OEEC : Trade Union Re
search and Study Departments, Introductory Reports to the
International Trade Union Conference at Vienna, December 912, 1958.
757
758
relationships between the two movements in a
number of countries. (Prior to 1928, the British
Labor Party and the British TUC were served by
a joint economic bureau.)
The advent of the Mar
shall Plan in postwar Europe created a whole new
range of national economic and collective bargain
ing problems. In some countries, the labor move
ment was called upon to participate in many
aspects of economic planning involved in recon
struction. Economic imbalances arising out of
the loss of overseas possessions led some unions to
accept new policies and institutions designed to
insure strict public control of wages and prices.
Added to these was the necessity to participate in
the work of the many new intra-European agencies
that had been created to deal with critical social
and economic problems. Confronted with these
problems, the unions found themselves in greater
need than ever before of trained technical ad
visers. A number of unions established research
departments for the first time.
The outstanding research department of the
General Federation of Swedish Trade Unions
(LO), for example, was established in 1943 and
has grown rapidly since then. Difficult trade bal
ances, limited resources, and almost continuous
inflationary pressures in the wartime and postwar
periods made economic planning a virtual neces
sity, so a research section was established to help
develop a wage and general economic program at
the national level for this highly centralized labor
movement.
In most countries, the economic research work is
confined to the federation level. These central
federation research departments concentrate their
attention upon broad economic questions relating
to full employment, tax policy, international trade,
the Common Market and free trade area, regional
planning, and so forth. In Great Britain,
Sweden, and Germany, research departments have
also been created in a substantial number of the
key national affiliated unions, but most of the
other European union movements lag behind the
United States where the volume of research work
is much greater at the national union level as dis
tinguished from the central federation. (Of
course, the very size, diversity, and geographic
E con om ic D e p a rtm en ts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
dispersion of labor and industry in the United
States help to account for the relatively large
number of American labor union research depart
ments.) One difference may be that most Euro
pean union research bureaus, unlike the American
counterparts, rarely become directly involved in
collective bargaining. Their studies tend to be
more general and advisory in character.
All but a few of the economists working for the
European labor movement come from a university
background; many of them are drawn to the labor
movement by their political orientation. They
were hired as professionals and, so to speak, did
not come up from the ranks. In general, this is
also true of research specialists in the United
States labor movement. Most of the research de
partments, again like those in the United States,
are quite modest in size, with generally no more
than a handful of professional employees.
Besearch work is generally carried on as one
of the regular functioning departments of the
central labor federations, but the Austrian and
German labor movements are interesting excep
tions. In Austria, a Chamber of Labor, including
an economic department, was created in 1920 on
the initiative of unions. I t must be consulted by
the Government “on all questions concerning the
interests of wage earners.” Although the chamber
works closely with the trade union movement, and
its key officials are for the most part trade union
ists, it is financed by public funds and is formally
independent of the labor movement.3 The Cham
ber of Labor has very broad functions, as it seeks
the advancement of the social, economic, profes
sional, and cultural interests of all Austrian em
ployees. The economic department of the
chamber engages in basic research, which in some
ways comes closer to the type of work performed
by a bureau of labor statistics, rather than the
service type of research usually carried on by
union research departments.
The Austrian Federation of Trade Unions also
has its own economic department which gives
“advice on economic problems to the leaders” of
national unions and their affiliates. This depart3 In Austria, as in a number of other European countries, the
Chamber of Commerce, contrary to the situation in the United
States, is also a semipublic institution financed by the Govern
ment.
EUROPEAN UNION RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING SERVICES
ment, founded in 1915, cooperates in some projects
with the economic department of the Chamber of
Labor.
In Germany, the central labor federation—•
Trade Union Federation for the Area of the Fed
eral Republic and Berlin (DGB)—maintains its
own economics department which works as a direct
service and policy counseling office. The DGB
also finances a special Institute of Economic and
Social Science which conducts a very broad and
basic type of research, “either at the request of the
unions or on its own initiative.” Studies of the
latter type probably best distinguish this institute
from the typical union research office: The Insti
tute has published its own studies even when the
findings were not particularly pleasing to some of
the DGB unions.
D e p a rtm en ts. The productivity
drive launched in 1951 as part of the European
recovery program helped to stimulate the forma
tion of engineering departments or services in the
European labor movement. The need for rising
productivity as an element in economic recovery
was quickly appreciated by the unions; at the same
time, however, there was considerable fear that
workers would face speedup or that they would
not share adequately in the new fruits of industry.
Moreover, the emphasis upon productivity gains
compelled the unions to pay closer attention to the
financial operations, workloads, and wage levels of
individual companies and plants. The resulting
bargaining on these problems at the plant level
was somewhat in contrast with the previous pat
tern of almost exclusively nationwide, region wide,
or industrywide bargaining in most European
countries.
These new pressures, as well as the advice and
counsel of American unionists who had been re
cruited to serve in the technical assistance phases
of the mutual security program in several Euro
pean countries, were instrumental in the establish
ment of technical or industrial engineering serv
ices at the national union as well as the federation
level.
In a few countries, the training of personnel for
union industrial engineering work was carried out
with the help of U.S. technical assistance funds
and American labor specialists. The trainees,
often drawn directly from union ranks, were gen
E n g in ee rin g
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759
erally workers with a relatively high level of edu
cation. Workers employed in engineering-type
work in industry were among those recruited as
union engineering trainees. In the United States,
although it is also fairly common practice for
unions to draw “engineering” specialists from the
ranks, a number recruit them from the engineering
profession.
Engineering Services in Collective Bargaining
The engineering departments have been operat
ing only a short time, but one can make some ten
tative comments upon this new emphasis on
technical questions in European collective bargain
ing. The unions’ engineering services in a number
of countries have encountered some special diffi
culties which to date have limited their effective
ness. For example, in cases where plural unionism
is practiced (that is, countries where different in
ternational federations exist, as for example,
Socialist, Communist, or Christian) and several
labor organizations share the bargaining responsi
bility in a given plant or firm, it has been difficult
for any one of these organizations to draw an en
gineering service directly into the bargaining
process. Moreover, in a number of European
countries, the right of the union as such to bargain
on working conditions at the plant or shop-floor
level is not well established, as works councils,
employees’ delegates, and other bodies created by
public law have historically assumed this function.
Here, too, it is difficult for the unions to bring
about the entry of their technical specialists into
the bargaining process. As one French engineer
ing bureau stated, many firms “follow the employ
ers’ associations’ instructions; they do not recog
nize the union’s right to act in the firm, and oppose
any technical work the union tries to do.”
In a few countries, however, the strength of the
labor movement and the special competence of a
new technical bureau have already had a marked
impact upon bargaining procedures. In these in
stances, unions are turning increasingly to their
technical departments for help with day-to-day
collective bargaining problems.
Given the nature of the new problems being
thrust upon the European unions, one can almost
surely predict a significant increase in their em
phasis upon plant or shop-level problems in the
760
next decade.4 Such a development would bring
increased responsibilities for both research and
engineering bureaus.
Program of the EPA Trade Union Section
To provide a center for an overall exchange
of methods and techniques, the EPA Trade Union
Section is developing a many-faceted program.
Under its auspices, seminars are conducted to find
solutions for many of the technical and social
problems confronting European workers and their
unions. Seminars have been held on such subjects
as automation, productivity problems on the docks,
and sharing the fruits of productivity.
The meeting in Vienna was another such sem
inar. In addition to reviewing the overall status
of union research and engineering, specific case
studies were examined as examples of the type of
work currently being undertaken by European
unions. Some of these studies concerned wage
drift and wage policy, by the Swedish LO Re
search Bureau; strain in foundry work, by the
German Metalworkers Research Department; the
reduction of working hours in the iron and steel
industry in Italy, by the Italian Confederation of
Labor Unions; problems raised by incentive sys
tems in the Dutch metal industry, by the Nether
lands Trade Union Federation; and utility of the
trade union technical and productivity service, by
the Belgian Confederation of Christian Trade
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
Unions. Also, a top official of the British TUC
discussed the status and position of union research
specialists and their work in the general structure
of the labor movement.
The Trade Union Section envisages keeping up
to date the material prepared for the conference
on the status of projects under way by the various
trade union research and engineering bureaus.
To accomplish this, questionnaires will be sent out
once or twice a year. Additional meetings on a
smaller scale are also being planned to enable
union research and engineering specialists to un
dertake a more intensive examination of technical
and economic questions. The EPA will continue
its team visit program (which operates on an intraEuropean basis, as well as between the United
States and Europe) as a means of furthering the
exchange of experience on technical problems.
The section also hopes to organize special study
groups, which will cut across country lines, for a
more extended discussion of some of the subjects
raised in the seminar. More generally, the section
hopes to expand its work in the documentation
field.5
4Curiously enough, while this development is taking place in
Europe, the pressures of changing technology, inflation, and full
employment seem to be driving many American unions deeper
Into the area of national economic policy and action.
5 Trade Union Information, published monthly by the Trade
Union Section of the EPA, already provides a valuable service
in this area.
THE TEXTILE UNION WORK STUDY CONFERENCE
The T extile Union
W ork S tudy Conference
S olomon B arkin *
T h e C o nference of Technical Experts on Work
Study Methods, conducted by the International
Federation of Textile Workers’ Associations
(IFTW A) in Amsterdam, January 14-15, 1959,
marked a considerable advance by Western Eu
ropean unions in their analysis of common col
lective bargaining problems such as time study
and wage incentive systems. This meeting was
unique in that it was arranged by the IFTWA,
included trade union technical experts from 10
countries accompanied in most cases by union offi
cers, and dealt with one area of bargaining prob
lems encountered in a specific industry. This
meeting was the culmination of a series of
changes in European trade union policy which
have been significantly altering the traditional
range of attitudes and policies of these unions.
Postwar Background
Since the end of World War II, the trade
unions have taken an active part in the improve
ment of national productivity levels with mem
bership in national agencies established for this
purpose. One agency which has done much to
crystallize the new approach has been the Eu
ropean Productivity Agency (E P A ). The EPA ’s
Trade Union Section has helped in the training
of trade union leaders, particularly of specialists
dealing with problems of plant management and
job assignment and evaluation.
With the achievement of economic recovery in
Western Europe, individual industries renewed
their interest in competitive problems and began
to assess their future problems. Concurrently, the
agreements on the establishment of the European
Common M arket1 and the negotiations on a free
trade area focused interest on the likely impact
of intensive European competition. Questions
necessarily arose as to cost levels, consumption
trends, and the probable effect of the lower levels
of duties. In no industry was the interest in
these problems as keen as in the textile industry.
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761
This industry and its unions perceived that in
creased efficiency, larger imports, and shrinking
exports would not be sufficiently offset by a marked
rise in consumption, and consequently, large num
bers of textile workers would be displaced and
many mills would be closed. Western Europe,
with a population of 260 million, boasted of a tex
tile industry employing over 3.5 million persons
in 1958 at 45-48 hours a week and an apparel
fiber consumption of 18 pounds per capita. By
comparison, 850,000 textile production workers in
the United States worked 40 hours a week for a
population of 175 million and a consumption of
37 pounds per capita.
To help textile trade unionists analyze these
problems and develop a common policy, the EPA
arranged an International Trade Union Seminar
on the European Textile Industry, which was held
in Milan, May 13-17, 1957. Textile unionists
from 12 countries, including the United States,
attended. The participants approved a series of
bargaining goals for the European constituents,
such as “a maximum of 40 hours per week for day
work” and a proposal that the EPA “consider
convening a European conference of employers
and trade unions with the aim of preparing the
way for the realization of a European collective
agreement.” The importance of national full
employment was underscored.
A steering committee of textile unionists was
organized to advise the EPA on further steps. It
reported an urgent need for comparative data on
wage levels and labor costs per hour in the various
countries. With the completion of such a study
by the International Labor Office,2the committee’s
interest focused on actual work assignments, wage
systems, and work effort levels. It recommended
that an experimental study of those subjects be
made for cotton automatic weavers in the various
countries. To supplement the ILO study, the
committee initiated an inquiry into the detailed
social benefits paid in the respective countries.
♦Director of Research, Textile Workers Union of America.
1 See Free Labor and the European Economic Community (in
Monthly Labor Review, August 1958, pp. 877-879).
2 See Wages and Related Elements of Labor Cost in European
Industry, 1955 : A Preliminary Report (in International Labor
Review, Geneva, December 1957, pp. 558-587), or Monthly Labor
Review, May 1958 (pp. 510-517), for an excerpted article based
on that report.
762
Amsterdam Conference on Techniques
The International Federation of Textile
Workers’ Associations in the meantime determined
that its constituent members should make a more
detailed study of their own wage systems, timestudy techniques, and union systems of control.
The Amsterdam conference was designed for this
purpose. Nine national trade unions of Western
Europe and the Textile Workers Union of
America were present.3 These unions, plus one
other, submitted written reports on the questions
to be discussed, and these reports were available
for the conference. The proceedings4 of this con
ference have been referred to the IFTW A for
action.
W o rk A ssig n m e n t an d W a g e In c e n tiv e M ethods.
A comparison of the methods of handling work
assignment and wage incentive problems among
the countries disclosed three contrasting positions.
The first was found in countries or sectors of
countries where machine assignments or tasks
were specifically defined in a national agreement
(as is done for most of Austria), or on a plant
level (as in England), or according to the older
practice in the United States. Since all changes
in assignments and wages are subject to negotia
tion, the employer must submit all proposals and
supporting time-study data to the union, which is
privileged to check the findings through its own
floor studies. Usually a wage concession accom
panies a rise in work assignment. The final
agreement on assignments and wages must be ap
proved by the workers, and those later dissatis
fied with a job may file grievances for union
technicians to examine.
A more common position is that represented
by the Norwegian and Swedish practice. In
those countries, the union agrees with manage
ment on the principles and procedures govern
ing time study and the final results do not become
operative unless the union agrees or an arbitra
tion board so orders. The Netherlands unions
have a similar agreement, but the unions act as
advisers and spokesmen for the works council.
The German pattern differs; there is no prior
agreement with the union on principles and pro
cedures, but the new systems and rates cannot
become effective until the employer obtains the
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
consent of the works council or if consent is not
forthcoming, the issue is adjudicated before a
labor court. The union may be called in to serve
as an adviser to the works council, and the cost
of any services performed by the union’s techni
cal staff are paid for by the employer.
In the third position, workers or unions ac
tually have rights only after the employer has
changed or instituted work assignments or rates—
postinstallation grievance rights. The practice in
Belgium, Denmark, France, and Switzerland
more nearly follows this pattern except where an
individual employer, through conviction or be
cause of union strength, consults with the union
before he makes changes.
D e term in a tio n o f “F a ir ” Jo b . In the framework
of these differing patterns of relationships, the
delegates also compared their concepts of an equi
table job. The first and simplest was the provi
sion for a fixed number of machines per opera
tor. The second was the American benchmark
system in which models of fair jobs are negotiated
and used as a reference point for determining as
signments for work on particular jobs.5 The
third was the British system of defining a fair
day’s work as consisting, in the case of the auto
matic weaver, of 30 minutes of manipulative
work in an hour, including allowances for rest and
personal time, with the remainder of the time as
signed to patrol and supervision. The fourth was
in Holland, where assignments are calculated as
a percentage of the “normal” output—90 percent
in cotton and 75 percent in wool. A comparable
system prevails in parts of Austria. The fifth
group consists of the areas in which time study is
employed directly without the modifications al
ready mentioned. The major variation is found
in those areas which deduct the minutes for rest
and personal time from total available worktime
and build up the job assignment to correspond to
the remaining worktime. Another variation is
the more traditional American procedure in which
3 The delegates consisted primarily of technicians who, in most
instances, were joined by the elected officers responsible for
handling the problems being considered.
* See International Federation of Textile Workers’ Associa
tions Conference of Technical Experts on Workstudy Methods,
Amsterdam, January 14-16, 1959 (London, IFTWA).
5 For description of the benchmark system, see Solomon Barkin, The Benchmark Approach to Production Standards (in In
dustrial and Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N.Y., January
1957, pp. 222-236).
763
THE TEXTILE UNION WORK STUDY CONFERENCE
a fixed percentage for rest and personal time and
miscellaneous operations is added to the actual
work element times.
A comparison of the practices on rest and per
sonal time allowance showed considerable di
versity as to absolute time or percentages. The
conference discussed at length the need for recog
nition of the anxiety factors present in textile
workers’ jobs. Scientific study was urged, on the
one hand, and frequent rest periods were consid
ered vital, on the other. Many participants com
mented that the allowances for winders and bat
tery hands were uniformly inadequate.
Finally, the conference discussed allowances for
peculiar textile job characteristics such as time
lost in work performance due to interruptions,
i.e., in the performance of work elements due to
more urgent needs of other machines or parts of
same machine, interference caused by other work
ers repairing the same machine or otherwise delay
ing workers in the performance of their own tasks,
or eating on the job while at work.
The analysis of the time study practices in the
various countries disclosed that both snap back
and continuous watch readings were currently
used,6 with the unions preferring the latter.
None of the countries reported standard element
times, though individual companies often have
used them for routine calculations on jobs which
* In the continuous reading, the minute-decimal stopwatch is
permitted to run throughout the entire work cycle, with readings
taken at the end of each work elem ent; subtraction of the suc
cessive readings gives the time for each element. In the snapback reading, the watch is snapped back to zero at the end of
each element observed and the element-time is recorded.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
were minor variations of existing jobs. These
calculations were checked when there was any dis
pute over their correctness.
The conference
gave the participants an opportunity to become
intimately acquainted with the practices of job
assignment determination and wage setting in the
various countries. The impact of the differences
in bargaining strengths and in union influence
on shop conditions were clearly depicted. The
relative severity of the work assignment in the
countries of the participants were ranked, from
which it appeared that work assignments were
tightest in the United States and least severe in
England. More detailed studies, such as are con
templated by the EPA, appear necessary to refine
the impressions received and judgments reached
at this conference.
With the increasing demand for greater uni
formity in labor rates and costs under the pres
sure of the common market competition, more
attention will be focused upon developing a sys
tem of work assignment determination which will
assure greater similarity in effort levels among
the countries. The benchmark technique, which
offers the greatest possibility for attaining this
objective, therefore aroused considerable interest
and a desire for closer study among the partici
pants. The results of the technical conference will
also prove valuable to the ILO which has under
taken an investigation of work study methods in
the textile industry in the various countries of the
world.
B enefits fro m the Conference.
Summaries of Studies and Reports
D istribution of F acto ry W orkers’
E arn in g s, M ay 1958
A n a t i o n w i d e SURVEY of factory earnings con
ducted by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bu
reau of Labor Statistics revealed that nearly 11%
million production workers averaged $1.97 an
hour at straight-time rates in May 1958. These
earnings represented an increase of 17 percent
over the level in April 1954, when the Bureau
conducted its last similar study1 of factory work
ers’ earnings. On a regional basis, average earn
ings ranged from $1.63 in the South to $2.26 in
the West. In metropolitan areas of the country,
production workers averaged $2.08 compared with
$1.70 in nonmetropolitan areas. Industry aver
ages ranged widely from $1.42 an hour in textile
mills to $2.58 in plants producing petroleum and
coal products.
Scope and Method of Study
The May 1958 survey of workers’ earnings in
manufacturing relates to all establishments in the
48 States and the District of Columbia primarily
engaged in manufacturing as defined in the 1945
edition of the Standard Industrial Classification
Manual. The earnings data2 are for a represent
ative payroll period ending nearest May 15,1958,
and cover production workers only. They relate
to straight-time earnings, excluding premium pay
for overtime, and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts. Cost-of-living bonuses and pro
duction bonuses were included as part of the
workers’ regular pay, but nonproduction pay
ments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses,
were excluded. Average earnings were computed
by dividing total straight-time hourly earnings by
the number of workers represented in that total.
Two sources of primary data were used in pre
paring the estimates. Where recent industry
wage surveys of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
764
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
were available, data from such surveys—adjusted
to May 1958 for subsequent general wage changes
and employment shifts—were incorporated into
the overall estimates. For industries not covered
by such surveys, questionnaires were sent, or visits
by Bureau representatives were made, to a sample
of establishments stratified by industry, location,
and employment size. Relatively more establish
ments were covered in the lower wage industries
and regions in view of the importance for public
policy of accurate determination of the number of
workers at the lower earnings levels. Data from
approximately 10,000 establishments were used in
the tabulations.
In the estimating procedure, each establishment
was given its appropriate weight relative to the
industry, region, and size group from which it
was selected. All estimated totals derived from
such weighting processes were further adjusted to
industry employment levels for May 1958 as re
ported by BLS in its monthly employment series.
A ll M anufacturing Industries
Straight-time earnings for the Nation’s 11%
million production workers within the scope of
the May 1958 survey averaged $1.97 an hour. The
1 See Factory Workers : Distributions by Straight-Time Hourly
Earnings, April 1954, BLS Bull. 1179 (1955), or Monthly Labor
Review, April 1955 (pp. 410-416). The May 1958 data will be
published in complete detail in BLS Bull. 1252.
2 The straight-time hourly earnings averages presented here
differ from the gross average hourly earnings published in the
Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series. (See table C—1,
p. 819 of this issue.) The differences are largely accounted for
by the exclusion in the present study of premium pay for over
time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. In ad
dition, establishments in this survey are weighted in accordance
With their probability of selection from a regional-size-industry
class, whereas in the monthly series, which is intended to indi
cate trends rather than levels, data for the establishments are
aggregated into industry totals from which the industry’s aver
age hourly earnings are calculated. A third difference between
the two series is that the straight-time earnings averages are
obtained by summing individual employee straight-time earnings
and dividing the total by the number of employees ; in the monthly
series, gross average hourly earnings for an industry are obtained
by dividing the aggregated weekly payrolls for the establishments
by the aggregated number of weekly hours.
765
DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORY WORKERS’ EARNINGS
distribution of earnings varied widely, although
94 percent of the workers earned between $1 and
$3 and the middle half between $1.45 and $2.40
an hour. (See chart.) An estimated 663,000
workers, or 5.9 percent, were paid less than $1.05
an hour, the interval including $1—the Federal
minimum wage; 1,215,000, or 10.8 percent, less
than $1.15; and 1,756,000, or 15.6 percent, less than
$1.25. About half of the country’s production
workers earned at least $2 an hour and a fifth re
ceived $2.50 or more. The only major concen
tration of workers discernible at any one 5-cent
wage interval was the 628,000 workers earning
from $1 and under $1.05. (See table 1.) Further
indication of the character of the overall distri
bution was the similarity between the mean and
median earnings ($1.97 and $1.96, respectively).
Factory employment among the regions was
distributed as follows: 36 percent or 3,994,000
workers in the Northeast; 34 percent or 3,772,000
in the North Central; 21 percent or 2,422,000 in
the South; and 9 percent or 1,056,000 in the West.
The highest average recorded was $2.26 in the
West, followed by $2.13 in the North Central,
$1.94 in the Northeast, and $1.63 in the South.
Although the South employed about a fifth of
the production workers in the United States,
nearly two-thirds of the Nation’s workers paid
less than $1.05 an hour were found in that re
gion. Thirty-seven percent of the southern
workers earned less than $1.25 an hour, as com
pared with 14 percent or less in the other regions.
At the other end of the wage scale, 12 percent of
the workers in the South were paid $2.50 or more;
the proportions in the other regions ranged from
18 to 31 percent.
M etropolitan and Nonm etropolitan Areas
Population concentration appears to be one of
the factors that influence wages. At the time of
the survey, 7 of every 10 factory workers were
employed in metropolitan areas, where average
earnings of $2.08 were 38 cents an hour higher
than in nonmetropolitan areas. The pay differ
ence was reflected at both the lower and upper
wage intervals. (See chart.) More than a
fourth of the workers in nonmetropolitan areas
earned less than $1.25 an hour, about 2y 2 times
the proportion in metropolitan areas. On the
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cumulative Distribution of Factory Production
Workers, by Hourly Earnings,1 May 1958
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on week
ends, holidays, and late shifts.
other hand, a fourth of the workers in metropoli
tan areas received at least $2.50 an hour, com
pared with a tenth in nonmetropolitan areas.
The South was the only region where employ
ment was greater in nonmetropolitan than in
metropolitan areas. Average earnings for work
ers in metropolitan areas ranged from $1.87 in
the South to $2.28 in the West, and in nonmetro
politan areas, from $1.43 to $2.21 in the same two
regions. Averages in metropolitan areas ex
ceeded those in nonmetropolitan areas by 44 cents
in the South, 36 cents in the North Central, 20
cents in the Northeast, and 7 cents in the West.
The South employed almost 4 of every 5 workers
in nonmetropolitan areas earning $1 and less than
$1.05, but more workers were found at this wage
interval in the metropolitan areas of the Northeast
than in those of the South.
Earnings by Industry
Among the more pervasive characteristics of the
manufacturing wage structure in the United
States is the persistent differences in wages among
industries. The range of interindustry variabil
ity in wages in May 1958 is shown in table 2,
where data for 21 broad industry groups are tab
ulated. Average hourly earnings ranged from
766
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
$1.42 in textile mills to $2.58 in plants producing
petroleum and coal products. Even among the
generally low-wage industries such as food, tex
tiles, apparel, lumber, and leather, wage levels
varied by as much as 36 cents an hour. These
differences reflect a variety of factors, such as oc
cupational composition and location.
The distribution of earnings about the industry
averages also shows marked variation. For ex
ample, nearly a fifth of the workers in the trans
portation equipment industries, where the average
was $2.38, earned between $2.30 and $2.40 an hour.
By contrast, a fourth of the workers in lumber
were concentrated at the $1 to $1.05 wage inter
val—approximately 60 cents below the average,
while a fourth in printing and publishing earned
$3 an hour or more—at least 70 cents above the
average. Generally, those industry groups with
averages under $1.80 an hour showed substantial
proportions of workers clustered around the $1
Federal minimum wage, while those industry
groups with averages above $1.80 had fewer than
5 percent of the workers earning less than $1.05
an hour.
Broad industry data often conceal sharp differ
ences among the wage distributions of the subin
dustries of a major group. For example, the ap
parel group included men’s and boys’ suits and
coats where average earnings were $1.76 and fewer
than a tenth of the workers earned less than $1.05,
and the men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing where average earnings were $1.27 and
three-tenths earned less than $1.05. The chemical
group included industrial organic chemicals where
average earnings were $2.42 and practically no
workers received less than $1.05, and vegetable and
animal oils and fats where average earnings were
$1.59 and a sixth were paid less than $1.05. On
T a b l e 1.
P e r c e n t a g e D is t r ib u t i o n o f P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in
S t r a ig h t - T im e H o u r l y E a r n i n g s , 1 T o t a l , M e t r o p o l it a n , a n d
a n d R e g i o n s ,3 M a y 1958
United States
Average hourly earnings 1
M a n u f a c t u r in g I n d u s t r ie s B y A v e r a g e
N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s ,2 U n i t e d S t a t e s
South
Northeast
North Central
Metro Non
Metro NonMetro NonMetro Non
Metro- NonTotal politan metro Total politan metro Total politan metro Total politan metro Total politan metro
politan
politan
politan
politan
politan
Under $1.00___
- _____
$1.00 and under $1.05........ .
$1.05 and under $1.10_____
$1.10 and under $1.15_____
$1.15 and under $1.20_____
$1.20 and under $1.25_____
$1.25 and under $1.30_____
$1.30 and under $1.35_____
$1.35 and under $1.40___ $1.40 and under $1.45_____
$1.45 and under $1.50_____
$1.50 and under $1.60_____
$1.60 and under $1.70_____
$1.70 and under $1.80_____
$1.80 and under $1.90_____
$1.90 and under $2.00_____
$2.00 and under $2.10_____
$2.10 and under $2.20_____
$2.20 and under $2.30_____
$2.30 and under $2.40_____
$2.40 and under $2.50_____
$2.50 and under $2.60_____
$2.60 and under $2.70...... . ..
$2.70 and under $2.80_____
$2.80 and under $2.90_____
$2.90 and under $3.00_____
$3.00 and over___________
0.3
5.6
2.0
2.9
2.4
2.5
3.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.0
4.8
4.7
5.1
5.2
5.0
6.1
5.7
5.9
5.8
4.6
3.9
3.5
2.6
2.3
1.9
5.7
0.1
3.1
1.3
2.1
1.8
1.9
2.4
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
4.5
4.6
5.0
5.3
4.8
6.3
6.1
6.6
6.9
5.5
4.6
4.2
3.0
2.9
2.4
7.3
0.7
11.3
3.6
4.8
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
5.4
5.0
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.7
4.9
4.3
3.4
2.6
2.3
1.9
1.5
1.1
.9
2.2
0.1
3.5
1.9
2.9
2.5
2.7
3.5
2.6
2.9
2.6
2.3
6.1
5.6
6.1
5.7
5.2
6.3
5.2
5.5
4.6
4.0
3.8
3.1
2.3
2.1
1.6
5.3
0.1
3.3
1.8
2.8
2.4
2.4
3.3
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.0
5.7
5.2
5.8
5.5
4.9
6.4
5.4
5.9
4.9
4.3
4.1
3.4
2.7
2.4
1.7
6.1
0.1
4.1
2.4
3.1
2.9
3.6
4.5
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.2
7.4
6.8
7.2
6.5
6.0
6.3
4.6
4.1
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.3
1.3
.9
.9
2.4
0.9
16.2
4.6
6.0
4.8
4.7
4.9
3.2
3.0
2.5
2.4
4.9
4.4
4.4
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.3
0.4
8.3
2.8
3.6
3.4
3.6
4.2
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.6
4.3
4.5
3.9
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.6
2.8
6.0
1.3
22.8
6.1
8.0
6.1
5.6
5.5
3.7
3.2
2.5
2.2
4.7
4.0
4.1
2.7
2.7
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.1
T otal...____ ______
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Number of workers (in
thousands)____________ 11, 245
Average hourly earnings >... $1.97
7,821
$2.08
3,424
$1.70
3,994
$1.94
3,096
$1.98
899
$1.78
2,422
$1.63
1Excludes premium pay for overtime, and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 The term “metropolitan area” refers to the standard metropolitan areas
established under the sponsorship of the Bureau of the Budget. There
were, as of the period covered, 168 such areas in the country meeting certain
criteria as to population, degree of urbanization, contiguity, and population
density. These areas include all major cities and their contiguous suburban
areas. They include all areas containing at least 1 central city of 50,000 or
more, and include certain areas around such cities if they meet established
criteria of being metropolitan in character and economically integrated with
the central city.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
West
0.1
1.1
.5
1.0
.8
1.0
0.2
2.1
.9
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
3.9
4.5
5.0
6.1
5.7
7.2
7.4
7.4
8.7
5.9
4.6
3.9
3.0
2.9
2.4
7.0
100.0
100.0
1,103
$1.87
1, 319
$1.43
1.0
.8
.7
1.2
.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
3.4
4.1
4.6
5.7
5.2
7.0
7.6
7.9
9.9
6.7
5.1
4.4
3.3
3.4
2.9
8.4
0.6
5.3
2.1
3.1
2.3
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.6
5.5
5.6
6.0
7.4
7.0
7.7
7.0
5.6
4.8
3.4
3.0
2.1
1.8
1.3
.8
2.6
0.1
1.6
.5
.6
.5
.5
1.3
.8
.9
.9
2.9
3.0
3.7
4.5
5.9
9.2
8.6
8.4
6.9
7.3
5.5
7.0
4.3
3.0
2.5
8.6
1.1
1.1
3.1
3.3
3.8
4.6
4.6
6.9
7.3
7.4
6.9
8.6
5.8
8.3
4.7
3.1
2.8
9.4
0.3
.8
.8
.5
.4
.3
1.6
.6
.5
.6
.5
2.4
2.4
3.5
4.5
9.1
15.2
11.9
11.0
7.0
4.2
4.5
3.4
3.3
2.5
1.7
6.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3, 772
$2.13
2,857
$2.21
915
$1.85
1,056
$2.26
765
$2.28
291
$2.21
1.0
1.0
0.1
1.9
.4
.7
.6
.6
1.2
.8
1.0
2 The regions used in this study include: N o r t h e a s t — Connecticut, Maine
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania»
Rhode Island, and Vermont; S o u t h —Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District
of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia,
and West Virginia; N o r t h C e n t r a l — Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michi
gan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota,
and Wisconsin; and W e s t —Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals
DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORY WORKERS’ EARNINGS
T a b l e 2.
Y67
A vera g e S tr aig h t -T im e H o urly E a r n in g s 1 a n d P e r c e n t of P roduction W or k e r s E a r n in g L e s s
T h an S pe c ifie d A m o u n ts , S elec ted I n d u s t r ie s , U n it e d S t a t e s , M ay 1958
Industry group
Number of
Percent of workers under—
Average
(thousands) earnings 1
Ordnance and accessories_______________________________ _______________ ___
Food and kindred products 2____________ _______ ______ ____ _____ _________
Meat products................................................................................................................
Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafoods.......................................
Qrain-mill products......................................................................................................
Bakery products.............................................................................................................
Confectionery and related products..........................................................................
Beverage industries____________________________________________________
Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products........................................
Tobacco manufactures 2. . .......... ...................................._...................................................
Cigarettes_____ _____ _____________________________________ _____ ______
Cigars____________ __________________________________________________
Textile mill products 2_______ ___________________ ____ ______________ ______
Yarn and thread mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fib er).........................
Broadwoven fabric mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber) ............... .
Narrow fabrics and other smallwares mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic
fiber)_______________________________________________________________
Knitting mills___ _______ __________ ____ ______________________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles (except knit goods)..... ..............................................
Apparel and other finished products 2 ................................. ........................................
M en’s, youths’, and boys’ suits, coats, and overcoats..______ _____________
M en’s, youths’, and boys’ furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments.. .
Women’s and misses’ outerwear....................................... .........................................
Women’s, misses’, children’s, and infants’ undergarments _______ ________
Childrens’ and infants’ outerwear................ ....................................................... .
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories_________ ________________ _________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products............................................... .................
Lumber and wood products 2.............................. ................................... ......................... .
Sawmills and planing m ills___ ____ _______________ _____ _____________ _
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products......................
Wooden containers____________________________________________________
Miscellaneous wood products__________________ _______________________
Furniture and fixtures 2____________________________________________________
Household furniture....... .......................................................... ................ ......................
Paper and allied products 2...... ................ ................. ................. ................ .....................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills__________________ _____ ______________
Paperboard containers and boxes...........................................................................
Pulp goods and miscellaneous converted paper products______ ___________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries 2___________ __________ _____ ______
Newspapers___________________________________________________________
Commercial printing................................................................................................... .
Chemicals and allied products 2. . . ....................................................................................
Industrial inorganic ch em icals____ ____ ________________________________
Industrial organic chemicals____________________________________________
Drugs and medicines _________________________________________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats_________________________ ____________
Miscellaneous chemicals, including industrial chemical products and preparations_____________________________________ _____________ __________
Products of petroleum and c oal2_______ ______________________ ______ _____
Petroleum refining________________ __________________________________
Rubber products 2________________________________________________________
Tires and inner tubes__________________________________________________
Rubber industries, not elsewhere classified________________ ______ ________
Leather and leather products 2___________________________ ______ __________
Leather: Tanned, curried, and finished__________________________________
Footwear (except rubber)............................ ...............................................................
Handbags and small leather goods______________________________________
Stone, clay, and glass products 2........ ............................... ........................... .....................
Flat glass______________________ _______________________________________
Glass and glassware; pressed or blown____________ _____ _________________
Primary metal industries.. _________ ______ _______________________________
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation
equipment)2__________ ____________________________________ _________ ___
Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware_______________________________
Fabricated structural metal products____________________________________
M etal stamping, coating, and engraving..................................................................
Machinery (except electrical)2______________________________________________
Metalworking machinery________________ _______ ______________________
Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery)_____________
General industrial machinery and equipment.______ _____________________
Service-industry and household m achines................................................................
Miscellaneous machinery parts_________ _____ __________________________
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 2_______________________ _____ _
Electrical generating, transmission, distribution and industrial apparatus___
Communication equipment and related products................................................. .
Transportation equipm ent2______________________________ ____ ____________
Motor vehicles and motor-vehicle equipment________ ______ _____________
Aircraft and p arts.. __________________________________________________
Instruments and related products___________________________________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries............................................... ...........................
Toys and sporting and athletic goods........................................................................
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions (except precious m etal)____________
Fabricated plastics products, not elsewhere classified ..........................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_______________ _____ ____________
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.05
$1.10
$1.15
$1.20
$1.25
$1.50
0.6
20.7
16.0
37.4
25.0
12.4
25.6
11.8
26.3
19.2
.2
34.0
27.1
36.8
22.6
1.2
23.4
17.4
41.9
26.7
15.9
30.8
13.4
29.0
22.7
.3
42.0
36.0
50.1
33.9
5.0
35.2
22.5
54.8
32.7
31.1
51.2
22.7
45.8
41.3
2 8
78.9
67.5
86.0
70.1
68
978
239
141
78
164
57
112
95
70
31
27
831
98
366
$2.28
1.78
1.97
1.49
1.71
1.75
1.55
2.12
1.64
1.58
1.84
1.33
1.42
1.28
1.38
0.1
11.9
7.8
24.2
13.5
7.1
11.0
9.6
14.0
7.2
0.1
14.5
10.8
29.1
18.9
8.1
15.0
10.3
16.5
10.9
12.3
7.3
6.2
2.4
19.3
12.1
14.1
6.1
0.2
18.0
14.5
33.0
22.1
10.1
21.4
11.4
21.6
16.1
0
26.3
19.0
24.8
13.3
23
183
72
985
93
277
292
97
62
48
97
542
280
102
41
45
283
208
432
218
116
48
540
157
176
510
67
188
58
23
1.49
1.39
1.56
1.50
1.76
1.27
1.64
1.42
1.40
1.45
1.45
1.61
1.52
1.84
1.36
1.40
1.74
1.64
1.84
1.96
1.76
1.68
2.31
2.44
2.23
2.17
2.40
2.42
1.99
1.59
7.9
17.8
1.1
17.0
7.1
29.6
10.9
11.9
17.2
17.2
16.2
25.5
36.0
7.0
29.0
17.2
6.5
7.9
.9
.1
1.6
2.0
4.7
7.0
3.1
3.5
.1
2.4
16.1
13.5
25.3
2.3
23.0
10.0
37.2
15.4
20. 9
25.8
22.2
21.3
29.7
40.5
9.0
37.1
26.3
10.5
12.9
1.6
.1
3.1
3.8
6.1
8.0
4.1
4.5
.1
.3
2.7
24.1
22.0
33.2
4.9
32.0
14.7
48.0
23.2
30.7
38.3
32.4
30.6
35.7
46.2
11.6
43.0
35.9
15.3
18.9
3.0
.2
5.8
6.1
8.3
9.8
5.5
6.0
.2
1.3
3.7
29.3
28.9
40.4
9.1
38.1
17.8
54.5
29.9
38.0
44.5
40.1
35.4
38.9
48.6
13.6
45.8
41.2
18.9
23.3
4.2
.4
8.1
8.7
10.0
10.6
6.9
7.1
.3
2.1
4.1
32.6
35.0
46.9
13.0
44.2
20.8
61.1
36.5
45.9
50.8
44.9
41.0
41.1
50.2
15.5
52.2
45.8
22.5
27.7
6.0
.5
11.0
11.9
11.8
11.8
8.7
8.1
.3
2.8
4.7
33.4
61.8
71.4
44.9
64.9
39.9
81.3
56.6
69.4
74.1
66.2
62.9
51.2
57.6
27.9
63.2
67.4
40.2
47.7
18.7
4.5
29.3
39.7
22.5
17.6
22.6
13.5
9
4.4
13.4
45.7
63
157
122
172
70
85
302
33
205
21
405
22
78
840
1.85
2. 58
2.72
2.17
2.60
1.97
1.52
1.93
1.47
1.38
1.93
2.41
1.91
2.44
5.5
.3
.3
1.7
.1
.8
14.2
1.1
17.1
14.6
2.3
7.4
.4
.5
2.5
.1
1.3
20.6
1.4
24.0
24.5
3.2
9.9
.4
.6
3.4
.2
2.1
28.1
3.1
31.4
39.8
4.6
0
0
.4
.3
12.1
.5
.7
4.1
.2
2.6
33.4
3.7
37.0
49.6
6.1
.1
1.2
.4
13.4
.7
.9
5.9
.2
4.6
38.1
5.0
42.0
56.1
7.5
.1
1.5
.6
27.7
2.2
1.4
13.3
1.0
12.1
58.6
14.7
62.9
75.4
18.2
2. 9
7.8
2.2
756
93
215
158
1,029
164
107
137
122
180
715
240
336
1,081
446
468
200
348
67
42
60
110
2.07
2.01
2.18
2.01
2. 21
2.30
2.05
2.20
2.15
2.18
2.00
2.05
1.93
2.38
2.40
2.39
2.05
1.68
1.50
1.41
1.63
1.90
2.7
2.9
1.2
2.2
1.6
3.7
1.8
.4
1.7
.9
1.1
1.3
.4
.2
.1
.1
3.9
17.8
24.6
37.4
9.7
10.8
3.9
3.4
1.7
3.4
2.0
4.0
1.8
.7
2.8
1.3
1.9
2.2
.9
.4
.1
.1
4.8
22.1
30.2
43.2
14.3
12.5
4.7
4.8
2.1
4.2
2.7
4.7
2.5
.9
3.7
1.6
3.6
4.8
2.3
.6
.1
.2
6.7
25.5
35.3
48.1
17.1
14.9
14.3
13.8
9.0
15.1
7.1
8.3
8.1
4.9
6.5
7.0
15.8
16.2
17.3
1.8
.9
.5
16.0
45.1
57.6
68.4
48.2
29.4
.1
1.4
1.3
.4
.5
.8
1.8
1.1
.2
.4
.5
.2
.3
.1
.1
1.9
2.1
.5
1.1
1.1
2.7
1.2
.3
1.1
.6
.6
.6
.2
.1
1.2
8.5
10.0
19.7
3.1
7.1
0
0
2.3
12.1
16.5
28.0
4.9
8.4
0
0
0
2Includes data for other industries in addition to those shown separately.
* Less than 0.05 percent.
768
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
the other hand, the component industries within
the fabricated metal products, machinery, and
transportation equipment industry groups showed
little variation in either levels or distributions of
earnings.
Wage Changes, April 1954 to May 1958
Between the Bureau’s last comprehensive study
of the distribution of factory workers’ earnings in
April 1954 and the present survey, average earn
ings at straight-time rates advanced 17 percent,
from $1.68 to $1.97 an hour. The number of pro
duction workers estimated in the May 1958 manu
facturing survey was 1,345,000 fewer than the 12^
million in April 1954. The proportion of workers
earning less than $1—the Federal minimum wage
effective March 1, 1956—all but disappeared be
tween the two survey periods; the proportion earn
ing between $1.50 to $2 an hour declined substan
tially, while the proportion earning $2 or more in
creased from a fourth to a half. The percentage
distribution of production workers by average
earnings for the two periods are as follows:
A p r i l 19 54
Workers: Number
Percent
___
Under $1.00
$1.00 and under $1.25
$1.25 and under $1.50
$1.50 and under $2.00
$2.00 and under $2.50
$2.50 and over__
10.2
12.2
14.6
38. 1
18.7
6 .2
0. 3
15. 4
11. 4
24. 8
28. 1
19. 9
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not
equal totals.
The increase in factory workers’ earnings from
1954 to 1958 changed to some extent the wage re
lationships in each of the four geographic regions.
Pay levels increased during the 4-year period by
27 cents in the Northeast and the South, 32 cents in
the West, and by 33 cents in the North Central.
Consequently, while the cents-per-hour differen
tials widened only between the South and the
latter two regions, percentage differentials nar
rowed slightly between the South and all other
regions.
—H
erbert
S
chaffer
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
The high cost of living . . . is merely the common term used to express
the relation between the price of labor (wages) and the prices of foods,
clothes, houseroom, fuel, etc. The high cost of living stalked through the
land even in the days of Charlemagne when a whole beef could be bought
for less than the price of a single sirloin steak today. Men complained
bitterly of the high cost of living in that golden age when eggs sold for 8
cents a dozen instead of 8 cents a piece. Probably we pay at least 20
times as much for the necessities and comforts of life today as men paid in
the thirteenth century, but the cost of living is no higher now than then,
and we undoubtedly live much more comfortably, completely, and health
fully. In fact, we might say that generally the lower the prices the higher
the cost of living. In India and China, long the countries of lowest prices,
the cost of living is so high as to put life itself beyond the purchasing
power of tens of thousands of the people.
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M a y 1958
12,590,000 11, 245, 000
100.0
100 . 0
—Royal Meeker, The Possibility of Compiling a Cost of Living Index (in Monthly
Labor Review, March 1919, pp. 1-9).
769
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDING IN THE UNITED STATES
M ultiple Job h o ld in g in th e
U nited S tates
O n e o f t h e s i g n i f i c a n t p h e n o m e n a of postwar
labor market history in the United States has been
the increase in the number of workers who hold
down two or more jobs during the same week.
Multiple jobholding—or “moonlighting” as it is
often referred to—has generated considerable in
terest because of its relationships to the trends in
hours of work, the income status of families, and
the alternations in employment opportunities with
changing business conditions.
The U.S. Bureau of the Census conducted a se
ries of surveys of multiple jobholding in connec
tion with the Monthly Keport on the Labor Force,
covering 1 week during July in each of the years
1950, 1956, 1957, and 1958.1 These surveys show
the following changes in the overall number and
percent of workers with two or more jobs:
J u ly
I960
Number (millions) -------P ercen t of all em p loyed
workers.
____
_ _
J u ly
1956
J u ly
1958
J u ly
1957
1. 8
3. 7
3. 6
3. 1
2. 9
5. 3
5. 3
4. 8
There is some evidence that the July 1950 data
underestimated the number of multiple jobhold
ers somewhat, but hardly enough to change the
T able 1.
R ate
and
of M ultiple J o bh olding , by A ge , S e x ,
M arital S ta tus , J uly 1958
Marital StatUS
Age and sex
Total
Single
Married,
spouse
present
Other 1
Male
Total, 14 years and over____
14-17 years
18-24 years
25-34 years___________
35-44 years______ ____
45-54 years___________
55 years and over. ------
6.0
7.9
5.4
6.3
7.0
5.6
4.4
5.0
7.9
4.7
3.2
3.6
2.9
1.5
2.2
5.0
1.5
2.4
2.5
1.9
1.6
3.1
5.1
1.9
2.7
4.6
3.7
2.0
6.3
4.5
6.3
6.9
7.4
5.9
4.6
5.3
5.1
3.7
4.1
1.8
2.2
.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.2
1.7
2.9
3.8
1.5
1.8
F emale
Total, 14 years and over____
14-17 years
18-24 years___________
25-34 years___________
35-44 years------ ---------45-54 years___________
55 years and over ------
i Includes widowed and divorced persons and married persons who are
separated or living apart from their spouses for other reasons.
N ote: Dashes indicate a base of less than 150,000 workers.
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conclusion that the current decade has witnessed
a sizable increase in the number of such workers.
In July of recent years, at any rate, about 1 out
of every 20 American workers had two or more
jobs during the survey week.
Multiple jobholding fell, however, during the
recent recession. The number of workers with
more than one job declined by one-half million
between July 1957 and July 1958. This was a 14percent drop, in contrast to a 3-percent loss in
total employment over the same period of time.
Characteristics of M ultiple Jobholders
The most recent Census report (for July 1958)
contains a significant amount of information on
both the personal and economic characteristics of
workers who hold more than one job. Multiple
jobholding was found to be much more prevalent
among men than women. In fact, the proportion
of men workers holding down more than one job
(6 percent) was about triple the rate for women
in July 1958 (table 1). As might be expected in
view of his greater financial responsibilities, it was
the married man who had the highest rate of
multiple jobholding. Among the adult males (25
years of age and over) the proportion of the mar
ried men having more than one job was more than
double that for the single men.
The reverse was true among the women. Work
ing wives had the lowest rates of multiple jobholding, single women had the highest. As a mat
ter of fact, among workers 25 years of age and
over, single women were just as apt to hold more
than one job as were single men.
In terms of sheer numbers, it was the wage and
salary worker in nonfarm activities who accounted
for most of the multiple jobholding (table 2).
1 All data in this article are based on or derived from Current
Population Reports, Labor Force, Series P-50, Nos. 30 (March
31, 1951), 74 (April 1957), 80 (February 1958), and 88 (April
1959).
For purposes of these surveys, multiple jobholders include
wage and salary workers with more than one employer during
the survey week and persons with a combination of a wage and
salary job and either self-employment or unpaid family work.
Persons employed only in private households (e.g., maids and
babysitters) who worked for more than one employer are not
counted as multiple jobholders; private household employees
who also had other types of employment are, however, so counted.
Similarly, self-employed persons and unpaid family workers were
counted as multiple jobholders only if they also worked at a wage
or salary job.
770
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
Rate of Multiple Jobholding, by Major Occupation
Group, July 1958
second jobs. Similarly, just about all of the selfemployed in nonagriculture held a secondary
wage and salary job oif the farm.
Multiple jobholders as a percent of total employment in group
0
Farm laboren
1
2
3
4
.5
6
>
8
9
10
JZZ
Farmers and farm
managers
Professional and
technical workers
^raftsmen, foremen
Laborers, except
farm and mine
.Sales workers
Operatives
Service workers,
except private household
Clerical workers
Managers, officials,
proprietors, except farm
S ource : U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Re
ports, Labor Force, Series P-50, No. 88, April 1959, table 3.
About 21/4 million, or 73 percent, of all the workers
holding down more than one job in July 1958
were nonagricultural wage and salary earners on
their primary jobs.2
Several other important dimensions of multi
ple jobholding are evident. Table 2 shows, for
example, that the preponderant proportion of
persons with more than one job tend to stay
within the same class of worker on both their
primary and secondary jobs. This was the case
for almost two out of every three nonagricultural
wage and salary workers (the biggest group nu
merically, as already indicated) and for well over
half of the wage and salary workers in agricul
ture. Nevertheless, there were some very im
portant instances of shifts in class of work, par
ticularly among the self-employed.3 For example,
two out of every three multiple jobholders who
were self-employed on the farm were working as
nonagricultural wage and salary earners on their
2 A person’s primary job (or business) is that at which he
worked the greatest number of hours during the week.
8 Self-employed persons who owned two businesses—excluded
from this count by definition—were very few in number.
4 Under Census rules, teachers with definite contracts to re
sume teaching in the fall are counted as employed during the
summer vacation ; where such teachers were working at another
job during July, they would be classified as multiple jobholders.
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Occupational Distribution
Some of the most significant aspects of multiple
jobholding can be derived from the occupational
returns of the Census surveys. They serve to
answer at least two questions: (1) What occupa
tions account for the highest rates of multiple
jobholding? and (2) How do the occupations of
the primary and secondary jobs compare?
Off by themselves were farm laborers, with by
far the highest rates of multiple jobholding.
About 1 out of 11 farm laborers and 1 out of 12
farmers had a second job during the survey week
in July 1958. (See chart.) There was a con
siderable range of multiple jobholding among the
different occupational groups in the nonfarm sec
tor, however; the highest rate (found among pro
fessional personnel and accounted for in good
part by men teachers 4) was almost double that
of the lowest rate (found among managerial per
sonnel).
By far the great majority (more than 70 per
cent) of the multiple jobholders were working in
two entirely different occupational categories on
their primary and secondary jobs. Aside from
the farm laborers, only the professional and tech
nical workers had as many as half the multiple
jobholders working in the same occupation on
T a ble 2. M u l t ip l e J obh o ld ers i n A g r ic u l t u r e a n d
N o n a g r ic u l t u r e , b y C l a ss of W o r k e r , J u l y 1958
Industry and class of worker on secondary
job (percent)
Industry and class of
worker on primary
job
N um
ber
(thou
sands)
Agriculture
Nonagriculture
Total
Wage Self-em Wage Self-em
and
ployed
and
ployed
salary
salary
T otal________________
3,099
100.0
11.7
15.7
61.5
11.1
Agriculture___________
Wage and salary__
Self-employed___
Unpaid family____
629
264
264
101
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.9
58.3
32.6
73.3
6.8
16.3
0.5
.1
(9
(9
42.8
24.3
67.4
26.7
(9
(9
Nonagriculture_______
Wage and salary___
Self-employed_____
Unpaid fam ily.........
2,470
2,257
198
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.9
2.0
1. 5
6.7
<9
(9
66.3
63.2
98.5
93.3
(9
(9
18.0
19.7
13.8
15.1
1 Self-employed and unpaid family workers were counted as multiple job
holders only if they also held a wage or salary job.
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDING IN THE UNITED STATES
both jobs. The following summary tabulation
shows the patterns for the major occupational
groups in July 1958:
M a jo r occ u p a tio n g ro u p
on p r im a r y jo b
h olders w ith s a m e occup a tio n on p r im a r y a n d
seco n d a ry jo b s
Total__________________________
Farm laborers____________________________
Professional and technicalworkers___
Service workers (including private
households J) ____________________
Laborers, except farm andmine_____
Clerical workers___________________
Managers, officials, proprietors, ex
cept farm_______________________
Craftsmen, foremen________________
Sales workers_____________________
Operatives________________________
Farmers and farm managers________________
50. 5
31.5
26. 5
26. 4
23.
22.
21.
17.
1
5
6
8
Hours of Work
Holding down more than one job meant a con
siderably longer workweek for the multiple job
holder (table 3). The difference in working
hours between the single and the multiple job
holder was not very great in agriculture where
long hours are the rule anyway. For workers in
nonagriculture, however, the difference was sub
stantial indeed. For example, the proportion of
multiple jobholders who were wage and salary
workers in nonagricultural industries who put in
41 or more hours a week in July 1958 was more
than double that of persons with one job only;
the proportion of these holders of two or more
jobs putting in 49 or more hours a week was just
about quadruple that of single j obholders. In im
portant industry groups such as manufacturing,
the differences were even larger.
In putting in these longer hours of work, mul
tiple jobholders held different combinations of
full- and part-time jobs. Data on hours worked
in July 1958, which are available for about 1.8
million nonagricultural workers, or about threefifths of the multiple job total, show that the typi
cal pattern was a combination of a full-time and
a part-time job: 65 percent had a full-time pri-
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T a b l e 3. H o urs of W ork A mong S in g l e a n d M u l
t ipl e J o b h o l d e r s , b y M ajor I n d u s t r y G r o u p , J u l y
1958
Major industry group of
primary jobs
28.8
58.6
1 See text footnote 1.
511 0 2 4 — 59
771
Percent working 41
hours or more
Percent working 49
hours or more
Persons
with 1
job
Persons
with 1
job
Persons
with 2
or more
jobs
Persons
with 2
or more
jobs
Total________________
32.5
56.0
18.2
42.5
Agriculture-. ______
Nonagriculture____ - __
Wage and salary
workers_____ -_
54.9
29.8
56.5
56.0
45.6
14.9
47.3
41.1
25.6
56.4
10.7
40.6
31.7
20.8
17.5
61.0
58.1
19 3
8.6
6.1
36.6
43.0
20.8
40.9
26.6
57.4
44.1
10.1
17.4
11.7
41.2
31.4
19.2
62.8
7.3
50.6
F orestry, fish in g,
mining__
_ _
Construction _____
Manufacturing_____
Transportation, communication, and
other public utilities______________
Trade_____ ______
3.3Service________ ____
Public administration________ ___
N o t e : Dashes indicate a base of less than 150,000 workers.
mary job and a part-time secondary job; 30 per
cent worked part-time on both jobs, and the re
maining 5 percent had two full-time jobs.
Future Research
As already indicated, the surveys conducted so
far have pertained to the month of July only.
July is one of the seasonal peaks in multiple jobholding. Also, it is the month for which infor
mation on the number of persons holding more
than one job may be particularly useful for assess
ing differences in employment trends as shown by
household survey and by establishment reporting.
The former counts a worker only once, no matter
how many different jobs he holds during the week ;
the latter counts him in each of the different jobs
he holds if he should appear on different payrolls.
Resources permitting, it is hoped that future
surveys will be carried out during various months
of the year so that seasonal patterns in both ex
tent and composition of multiple jobholding can
be established.
— S eym our
L.
W
o l f b e in
Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
772
W age C hronology No. 4:
B itum inous Coal M ines
Supplem ent No. 5—1959
T h e f i f t h a m e n d m e n t to the National Bitumi
nous Wage Agreement of 1950 was signed at
Washington, D.C., on December 3,1958, by repre
sentatives of the United Mine Workers of America
(Ind.) and the Bituminous Coal Operators’ Asso
ciation. On the following day, the amendment
was signed by the president of the Southern Coal
Producers Association, and a majority of other
bituminous mine operators followed suit by Jan
uary 1,1959.
The amended contract was effective as of De
cember 1, 1958, and was made subject to termina
tion on or after November 30, 1959, by 60 days’
notice from either party. I t provided a $1.20-aT a b l e 1.
day wage increase effective January 1, 1959, and
an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1,
1959. An increase in annual vacation pay was
also stipulated.
The contract, signed by commercial operators,
added a “Protective Wage Clause” whereby mine
operators agreed that all coal mined, purchased,
or otherwise acquired by them would be produced
under terms and conditions of work as favorable
as those provided in the contract. A Joint In
dustry Contract Committee was established to
enforce this provision. The contract signed on
behalf of the “captive” operators did not include
this clause.
The following tables bring the bituminous coal
mines wage chronology1 up to date, including the
April 1959 wage increase.
1 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1949 (pp. 303-309), June
1951 (pp. 676-678), September 1953 (pp. 961-962), February
1956 (pp. 187-188), and February 1958 (pp. 176-177), or Wage
Chronology Series 4, No. 4.
C h a n g e s in B a s ic W a g e s a n d H o u r s in B it u m in o u s C o a l M in e s in t h e A p p a l a c h ia n A r e a
Normal schedule of work 1
Effective date
D ays
per
week
Amount of wage
change
D aily hours paid for—
Total
Work
Travel
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Lunch 2
Outside Dayworkers
Jan. 1, 1959 (amendment dated
Dec. 3, 1958).
Apr. 1,1959 (amendment dated
Dec. 3, 1958).
5-6
7H
m
N ot applicable----------
A
5-6
7/4
6%
_ .d o_____________
'A
$1.20 a day increase.-. Plat amount added to previous 7)4
hours’ pay.
Do.
$ .80 a day increase___
Inside Dayworkers
Jan. 1, 1959 (amendment dated
Dec. 3, 1958).
Apr. 1,1959 (amendment dated
Dec. 3, 1958).
5-6
8
TA
A. $1.20 a day increase___ Flat amount added to previous 8 hours’
5-6
8
TA
A $ .80 a day increase__
pay.
Do.
Inside Tonnage and Piece-Rate Workers 3
Jan. 1, 1959 (amendment dated
Dec. 3,1958).
5-6
8
7A
Apr. 1,1959 (amendment dated
Dec. 3, 1958).
5-6
8
TA
t The schedule of mine operation provided in the National Wage Agreement of 1950 does not represent a guaranty of the stipulated hours or days of
3
Since April 1, 1945, the contracts have provided that the lunch period be
staggered without any interruption or suspension of operations throughout
the day.
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A $1.20 a day increase___ Addition to daily tonnage or piece-rate
earnings increased to a total of $13.45
plus
of such tonnage or piece-rate
earnings.
A $ .80 a day increase___ Addition to daily tonnage or piece-rate
earnings increased to a total of $14.25
plus
of such tonnage or piece-rate
earnings.
3 Data pertain only to pick mining, machine loading, cutting (short wall),
and dead-work (yardage).
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 4: BITUMINOUS COAL MINES
T a b l e 2.
C hanges
in
R ela ted W age P ractices
Effective date
in
773
B it u m in o u s C oal M in e s
Provision
in th e
A pp ala c h ian A rea
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
P a id V a c a tio n s
Jan. 1, 1959 (amendment dated Dec. 3,
1958).
T a b l e 3.
F u ll -T ime D a ily
Increased vacation pay from $180 to $200.
a n d W eek l y
B it u m in o u s
P ay a n d S traigh t -T im e H ourly R a t e s for S elec ted O ccu pa tion s
C oal M in e s , A ppala c h ian A r e a , 1959 1
Effective date
Occupational group
Jan. 1,
1959
Apr. 1,
1959
Effective date
Occupational group
In sid e da yw o rk ers
In s id e d a y w o rk e rs— C o n tin u e d
Motormen, rock drillers, and rubber tired shuttle car
operators:
Full-time daily pay- _ ............................................
Full-time weekly pay:
5-day w eek .. _________________ . .
6-day w eek .. _________________ ________ _
Straight-time hourly r a te ..............................................
Drivers, brakemen, spraggers, trackmen, wiremen,
bonders, timbermen, bottom cagers, coal drillers, and
snappers:
Full-time daily p a y , .................................. .................
Full-time weekly pay:
5-day w eek___________________
_____
6-day w eek.......... —____ _____________________
Straight-time hourly rate................................................
Pumpers, trackmen helpers, wiremen helpers, timber
men helpers, and other inside labor not classified:
Full-time daily pay- _____________________ .
Full-time w eekly pay:
5-day week_____ ___________________________
6-day w eek______ ______ ___________ ________
Straight-time hourly rate...... .................. ................ „
Drillers and shearers on mechanical section and roof
bolters:
Full-time daily pay .......................................................
Full-time w eekly pay:
5-day w eek____ __________________ ________
6-day w eek .- ______________________ _______
Straight-time hourly rate........ ........................................
Mobile loading machine operations; cutting and shearing machine operators and helpers:
Full-time daily pay
Full-time weekly pay:
5-day week
6-day week
Straight-time hourly rate
$23.64
$24.44
118.20
153.66
2.955
122.20
158.86
3.055
Jan. 1,
1959
Apr. 1,
1959
$25.88
$26.68
3.235
3.335
O utside d a yw o rk ers
23.45
24.25
117. 25
152. 42
2.931
121.25
157.62
3.031
23.16
23.96
115.80
119.80
155.74
2.995
150.54
2.895
24.66
25.46
123.30
160.29
3.083
127.30
165.49
3.183
r i Full-time daily and weekly pay reflect applicable wage rates for scheduled
hours shown m table 1, including premium pay in the case of work on the
sixth day. These are based on the National Agreement and do not take
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in
B it sharpeners, car droppers, trimmers, car repairmen,
and dumpers:
"FTill-timp. daily pay
Full-time weekly pay:
5-day week.
6-day week_____________________________ .
Straight-time hourly rate____________________
Sand dryers, car cleaners, and other able-bodied labor:
Full-time daily pay...................................................
Full-time weekly pay:
5-day wp.ak
6-day week.
Straight-time hourly rate.................. ....... ......................
22.43
23.23
11? 15
145. 80
3.094
116 15
151.00
3.204
22.13
22.93
143 «4
3.052
14Q 04
3.163
account of variations among districts. Shift premium pay is excluded from
all figures,
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
774
W age Chronology No. 30:
A n th ra cite M ining In d u stry
Supplem ent No. 3—1958-59
O n O ctober 30,1958, the anthracite coal mine op
erators received from the United Mine Workers
of America (Ind.) formal notice of termination
of contract, effective December 31, 1958. This
notice of termination was in accordance with
provisions of the agreement signed in November
of 1956.
Contract talks began at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., on
December 8, 1958, and continued until agreement
on terms was announced on January 14,1959. In
addition to a general wage increase effective Feb
ruary 1, 1959, the mine operators agreed to in
crease royalty payments to the miners’ health and
welfare fund and to raise vacation pay. “As an
aid to enforcement of contract provisions,” a new
clause permits union representatives to inspect
company records on data relating to wages, hours,
and working conditions.
The amended agreement was effective as of
February 1, 1959, and may be terminated on or
after January 31, 1960, upon 60 days’ notice given
by either party.
The following tables1bring the anthracite min
ing industry wage chronology up to date.
1 For the basic chronology and earlier supplements, see Month
ly Labor Review, November 1952 (pp. 528—534), April 1954 (pp.
425-426), and February 1958 (pp. 178—179).
A—Changes in Basic Wages in Anthracite Mines, 1959
Normal schedule of work
Effective date
Amount of wage change
D aily hours paid for—
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
D ays
per week
Total
At the site
O u tsid e C o m p a n y W o rk ers
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment
dated Jan. 14, 1959).
5
7
7
14.3 cents an hour increase:
$1 a day.
I n s id e C o m p a n y W o rk ers
Normal schedule of work
Effective date
D aily hom s paid for—
D ays
per week
In the
mine
Total
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment
dated Jan. 14,1959).
5
7
Amount of wage change
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Travel
7
14.3 cents an hour increase:
$1 a day.
C o n tract W o rk ers
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment
dated Jan. 14 1959).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5
7
7
$1 increase per start, or 14.3
cents an hour.
Flat amount, which together with earlier increases now
totaled $9,117, added to daily tonnage or piece-rate
earnings as previously computed.
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 30: ANTHRACITE COAL MINING
775
C—Changes in Related Wage Practices in Anthracite Mines, 1959
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
P a id V a c a tio n s
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment dated Jan. 14,
1959).
Payment increased from $140 to $160 annually.
R e p o r t-I n P a y
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment dated Jan. 14,
1959).
Established: Guarantee of 2 hours’ pay at regular base
rates plus customary travel and lunch payments to
employees reporting to work at the regular time.
N ot to apply if employee had been instructed not toreport to work or in case of emergencies or circum
stances beyond company control.
C a ll-B a c k P a y
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment dated Jan. 14,
1959).
Established: Guarantee of 2 hours’ work at double the
regular rate and designated overtime thereafter for
employees called back to work after having completed
scheduled hours and left the mine. Customary travel
and lunch payments to be made.
H ea lth a n d W e lfa re B en efits
June 24,1958 (action of Anthracite Health --------------------------------------------- ------ -------------------------- Pensions reduced to $30 a month.
and Welfare Fund Board of Trustees).
Aug. 29,1958 (action of Anthracite Health ....... ........................................................................- ....................... In accordance with pay-as-you-go operations, $50-a-month
and Welfare Fund Board of Trustees).
pension to be restored on a month-to-month basis,
beginning with September 1958 payment.
Feb. 1, 1959 (amendment dated Jan. 14, Operators’ contribution to welfare and retirement fund
1959).
increased to 70 cents a ton produced or used.
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Technical Note
ties in relationship to one another, since the index
is calculated by multiplying the expenditure
weight for each item by the change in its price.
Thus, if prices of all items changed at the same
rate, their relative importance in the index would
not change, but if food prices, for example, rise
and clothing prices fall, food will increase in
importance relative to clothing.
Table 1 illustrates the difference between
changes in relative importance and changes in
family expenditures since 1935-39. Comparison
of column 3 with column 2 and column 6 with
column 4 shows the effect of weight revisions
based on changes in consumer spending habits.
On the other hand, comparison of columns 2, 4,
and 7 with columns 1, 3, and 6, respectively, shows
the effect of price changes only. Thus, expendi
tures for food actually accounted for a little more
than 35 percent of the family budget in 1935-39.
By January 1950, prices for food had increased
relative to other commodities and services and
R elative Im portance of
C PI Com ponents, Decem ber 1958
r e l a t iv e im p o r t a n c e
of each item in the
Consumer Price Index depends on its importance,
or weight, in the spending of city wage-earner
and clerical-worker families and on price changes
for the items customarily bought by such fam
ilies. At the time of periodic revisions in the
index, when new value weights are introduced,
the relative importance of each item is equivalent
to its importance in average annual family ex
penditures in the year to which the new weight
ing structure relates. These basic value weights
represent not only total family expenditures for
the various items, but also the specific quantity
and quality of each item at the unit price pre
vailing at the time of the expenditure survey.
While the quantity and quality of each item
priced for the index are held constant during the
periods between revisions,1 changes in prices may
change the importance of the various commodi
T he
T a b l e 1.
1
O ccasion al a d ju stm e n ts in th e ite m s priced m u st be m ade, of
course, to tak e a cco u n t o f such ch an ges as th e rep lacem en t o f one
ite m by an oth er or th e in trod u ction o f a n ew item .
P e r c e n t a g e D is t r ib u t io n o f F a m il y E x p e n d i t u r e s a n d R e l a t iv e I m p o r t a n c e o f
S e l e c t e d P e r io d s
C P I C o m po n en ts,
[Relative importance figures shown in roman are based on family expenditure surveys. Italics indicate relative importance
computed from index value weights adjusted for price change since the preceding family expenditure survey]
January 19502
Group
1935-39 1
December 1952 *
Before ad
justment
After ad
justment
Before re
vision
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
After revision
December
1958
Actual 1950
Estimated
1952
(5)
(6)
(7)
All items_______________ _____ __________ ____ _
100.0
1 0 0 .0
100.0
1 0 0 .0
100.0
100.0
Food________ ______ — ____ __________________
Housing__ ____ __________ ___ _______________
Apparel------ ------------------------------------ -------------Transportation_________ ____________ ________
Medical care _______ --- _______ ___ _______
Personal care-------- ------------------------------------Reading and recreation________ _______________
Other goods and services_______ ___ ____________
35.4
33.7
11.0
8.2
4.0
2.4
2.9
2.4
4 1 .6
7 .4
1 2 .2
8 .0
3 .3
2 .5
2 .9
33.3
25.1
12.8
11.4
5.2
2.4
5.8
4.0
3 4 .5
2 5 .7
1 1 .3
1 1 .4
5 .2
2 .4
5 -4
30.3
25.7
11.6
13.2
5.2
2.3
6.1
29.6
432. 5
9.2
11.3
5.1
2.0
5.3
5.0
1 Value weights based on expenditure survey of 1934-36.
2 In January 1950, an “interim adjustment” was made in the index to cor
rect an accumulated bias in the rent figures and to take account of changes in
opulation and family spending patterns, pending completion of a compreensive revision then in progress.
s In December 1952, a comprehensive revision of the index introduced new
weights based on estimates of family expenditures in 1952, derived from the
776
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
¿
2 .1
4 .1
5.6
1 0 0 .0
2 8 .7
43 2 .7
8 .9
1 1 .7
5 .4
2 .2
5 .3
5 .1
Survey of Consumer Expenditures in 1950, with adjustments for intervening
changes in prices and family buying habits. The 1950 expenditure figures
relate to wage-earner and clerical-worker families in large cities only, whereas
the 1952 figures cover such families in cities of all sizes.
4 Includes “home purchase” not included in earlier relative importance
figures and not in column 5.
m
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CPI COMPONENTS
the relative importance of food had risen to
nearly 42 percent of the index. That is, the
1935-39 quantities and qualities of food, at Jan
uary 1950 prices, would have cost 42 percent of
the total value of the index market basket. But
a comprehensive consumer expenditure survey in
1950 revealed that food expenditures were only
about 30 percent of the total outlay for goods
and services. The explanation is, of course, that
family incomes had risen more than prices and,
therefore, families had more to spend on non
food items, despite the fact that food prices had
risen much more than the prices for other kinds
of family purchases. As a result, the relative ex
penditures for food were lower, not higher, in
1950 than in the 1930’s.
I t follows that relative importance figures may
not continue to represent the current distribution
of family expenditures in the interval between
2 For description of the method for doing this, as well as the
precautions that must be taken, see Relative Importance of Items
in the CPI (in Monthly Labor Review, August 1954, pp. 891896).
3 The relative importance of CPI components as of the preced
ing December is published annually in the Monthly Labor Re
view ; data for December of 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1957
appear, respectively, in the issues for August 1954 (pp. 891-896),
April 1955 (pp. 444-447), May 1956 (pp. 568-571), May 1957
(pp. 599-602), and July 1958 (pp. 767-770).
T a ble 2.
L ist
of
basic weight changes. Family spending patterns
are affected by many factors other than price
change, such as income, family size, and relative
availability of goods of different kinds and quali
ties. The relative importance figures indicate only
how urban families of wage earners and clerical
workers would distribute their expenditures if
they continue to buy the same kinds and amounts
of goods and services that they purchased when
the preceding expenditure study was made (e.g.,
1950 as adjusted to 1952). Therefore, the relative
importance figures should not be used as estimates
of current spending patterns or as indicators of
changing consumer expenditures.
Relative importance data have two principal
uses. They show the importance within the CPI
of the various items and hence provide an indica
tion of the significance of price changes for any
specific item. Secondly, they can be used as
weights to recombine relative price changes for
selected items to form special index groupings.2
Table 2 presents a list of the items priced for
the Consumer Price Index and their relative im
portance in the index as of December 1952 (the
date of the last basic weight revision) and De
cember 1958.3
I tem s P ric ed fo r the C o n sum er P rice I n d e x a n d T h e ir R e l a t iv e I m portance
I tem s I n d e x , D ec em be r 1952 a n d D e c e m b e r 1958
December
1952
29.6
28.7
Food at hom e.
25. 0
3.0
1.0
.5
.2
.1
.1
23. 9
3.2
__
_ _
________
O ereals a n d b a k e r y p r o d u c ts
C ereals
Flour-..
. ___ _ __
Biscuit mix—___ __________
Corn flakes_________________________
R o lled o a ts
Corn meal____ _
. _
_
(i)
_
____ _ ______
Soda crackers. ____
_ ___________
B read
V a n illa co o k ies
Meats, poultry, and f is h ___
Beef
____
Round steak _ _ _ _
_
_
_
_
_____
__
C h u c k r o a st
Rib roast __
_ _ _ _
H a m b u r g e r .......
_ ___
Veal cutlets_____
Pork_________________
Pork chops __ _ ______ _
Sm oked ham
Bacon_____ _
Lamb, le g ..
________
F r a n k fu r ter s
C a n n e d lu n c h e o n m e a t
Poultry: Frvinv chickens
See footnotes at end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
_ __
.1
.1
.1
O)
.1
2.0
1.4
.1
R ic e
Bakery products- .
.9
.5
.5
7 .7
2.3
.9
.6
.2
.6
.2
2 .2
.7
.7
.8
.2
.7
.3
1.2
.1
2.3
1.6
.2
.5
7.1
2.0
.8
.5
.2
.5
.2
2.4
.9
.6
.9
.2
.7
.3
.7
A ll -
Item
December
1958
FO O D ________________________________________
the
Percent of all-items
total
Percent of all-items
total
Item
in
December
1952
December
1958
0.6
.3
.1
.2
4.1
.5
.5
1.2
1.3
.3
.3
0.6
.3
.1
Food at home—Continued
Meats, poultry, and fish—Continued
F ish
F resh and frozen fin fish
C a n n e d sa lm o n
C a n n e d tu n a
D a ir y p r o d u c ts
B litte r
Cheese, American process __
M ilk, fresh (delivered) ____
M ilk, fresh (grocery). ______ _______ _
M ilk , e v a p o r a te d
Tp.p. nrp.fl.rn
F r u its and v e v e ta h le s
F resh fru its
O ranges
T.em ons
C r a p e fr n it
A p p les
Bananas
P eaches
C ra p es
S tr a w h e r r ie s
W a te r m e lo n s
Fresh vegetables.
o
3.9
.4
.5
1.2
1.2
.3
.3
4 .5
4 .3
1.4
1.3
.3
.1
.1
.4
(9
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
1.4
.5
_________ _______ ____
P o ta to e s
Sweet.pota.toes
Beansj green.
_ ___ ___ __________
Cabbage____________________________
Carrots—____ _______________________
.3
.2
.1
.1
(9
.4
.1
.1
.1
1.3
.1
.1
.1
(9
.1
(9
.1
778
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
2.
L is t o f I t e m s P r ic e d f o r t h e C o n s u m e r P r ic e I n d e x a n d T h e ir R e l a t iv e I m p o r t a n c e i n t h e A l l I t e m s I n d e x , D e c e m b e r 1952 a n d D e c e m b e r 1958—Continued
Percent of all-items
total
Item
December
1952
Food at home—-Continued
Fruits and vegetables—Continued
Fresh vegetables—Continued
Onions
_. ___________
Tomatoes
Celery
__ ___
____ ___________
Lettuce
Canned fruits
Orange juice __ ___ __ ____________
Peaches
Pineapple
. __________________
Fruit cocktail
Canned vegetables
______ ____________
______ ____________ ____
Corn
Peas
Tomatoes
_ _________________
Strained baby foods
Frozen fruits
_ _ _ ___________________
Orange juice concentrate _
Strawberries
Fro zen vegetables
Peas
Beans, green
Dried fruits and vegetables _
Prunes
Beans
Other foods at home
Partially prepared foods
Soup, vegetable
Soup, tomato _ ___________ _ ______
Beans with pork
Condiments and sauces ___________ _____
Sweet pickles
Tomato catsup
Nonalcoholic beverages
Coffee
Tea
Cola drinks
______ ___________ ________
Fats and oils
Margarine
Lard
Vegetable shortening
Salad dressing
Peanut butter. .
Sugar and sweets
Sugar
Corn syrup
Grape jelly __________________________________________
Chocolate bar- _______________ _________________
Eggs
Miscellaneous: Flavored gelatin dessert______
Food a.wa,y from home* B.estanrant meals
(l)
December
1958
0.1
.2
.1
.2
.6
.2
.2
.1
. 1
.6
. 1
.2
.2
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 2
,i
. 1
.2
. 1
. 1
5.7
.6
.4
0.1
.2
.1
.2
.7
.3
.2
.1
. 1
.5
. 1
. 1
.2
. 1
. 1
. 1
(9
2
i
1
.2
. 1
. 1
5.4
.5
.
.
.1
.3
1.4
.1
4.6
.3
2
.3
.2
. 1
15
1.0
. 1
.4
.9
. 2
. 1
.3
.2
. 1
.9
.4
. 1
.1
.3
. 2
.1
4.8
HO U SIN G
32. 5
32 7
Shelter
R e n t2
TTome purchase and upkeep
Home purchase
Beal estate taxes
Mortgage interest
Property insurance
Repairs and maintenance
Repainting garage
Exterior house paint
Repainting rooms
Paint brush
Reshingling house roof
Central heating furnaces 3
Water heaters
Cabinet kitchen sinks
Sink faucets
Refinishing floors
Porch flooring
Gas and electricity
Gas, residential heating
Gas, other than residential heating
Electricity
__________________
__________________________
Solid fuels and fuel oil ________ - - . - _ ____________
Anthracite
................
.......
Bituminous c o a l_____ ____________________ _____ _____
Briquets - ________________________________
F u elo il _______
_ _ _ . . . - - - ___________
Range oil_________________________ - - ____
W ood______________________________________
17 8
6. 0
11 8
6.1
1. 0
1. 5
.2
3 0
. i
3
.3
18 3
6. 2
12 1
59
12
1. 7
.2
3 1
2
. 6
.3
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Percent of all-items
total
Item
.2
.3
. 2
. 1
1. 5
1.1
. i
.3
.9
. 2
. 1
.3
.2
. 1
.9
.4
.
.
1
1
3
. 3
3
5
.2
. 1
. 4
.2
.
.
.
8
1
3
.2
.
3
.3
2. 0
.4
. 7
. 9
1.3
. 2
.6
1. 9
.3
6
1.0
1.3
.3
. 5
.
(')
.
(9
(9
5
(9
.
(9
(9
5
December
1952
Housefurnishings_____ ________ ______ __________
Textile housefurnishings_____________________
Sheets__________________________________
B la n k e ts ___ ___________________________
Bedspreads-. ___________________________
Towels __________________________ ______
Tablecloths_____________________________
Drapery fabric . _ ______________________
Curtains __________ ______ ____________
Floor coverings--- -_ _____________________
Broadloom, velvet__________________ ____ 1
Rugs, wool, Axminster___________________ /
Rugs’ cotton, scatter-- _____. . . . . . .
Broadloom, rayon_______. . . ____________
Rugs, felt base _________________________
Furniture and bedding ______________
__ .
Living room suites_____________________
Dinette sets, wood________________
....
D inette sets, chrome __________ _____ _
Bedroom suites______________ -_ ...
Sofa beds__________ . __________ ______
Bedsprings_______________________ ____ Mattresses____
______________________
Major household appliances________
Refrigerators, electric___ ____ _
Ranges
.
- ______
Washing machines, electric.
. . . .
Vacuum cleaners, electric...
Sewing machines, electric___
...
Small household appliances: Toasters, electric .
Housewares .
____
_
_.
__ __
Dinnerware, 53-piece set________ __
Saucepans, aluminum____ _____ _ _
Brooms . ______________ _______
Miscellaneous ____ _________
.
Napkins, paper______
Toilet tissue..
Electric light bulbs.
Household operation.
_
_ __
Laundry soap and detergents...
D ry cleaning. —
._
____ __
.
. . .
Laundry service .
_
.
____
.
Automatic laundry service ..........................
Domestic services ________
___________________. . .
Telephone service _____ _____________ ________ ____
Water . . . . . .
__________
Postage. _
__
_
_
Ice _______- __________
. .
- _____ ____
. . _
APP A RE L
M en’s and boys’ apparel . . . . .
M en’s apparel.
.
.
.
.
Topcoats
Jackets _____________________________
_______
Sweaters
Suits, heavy weight, wool- __ _
Suits, light weight, wool. . . . . . . .
__ ___ _ ______
Suits, rayon __
Slacks, wool
__ _____
Slacks, rayon. . . .
Trousers, work.
_ . .. .
Overalls.
. . .
D ungarees___
Shirts, work
.
_____. . . .
Gloves, w o r k ...
. . .
Shirts, s p o r t ..__ _ .
Shirts, business.. _______
. . . . .
Shorts.. _ .
.
_
____
..
_
Undershirts___
.
.
.
Pajamas . . .
Socks, cotton____________________________
Socks, rayon____________________________
Socks, nylon stretch.. _______ _________
Hats, felt_______________________________
B oys’ apparel_______________________________
Suits, wool________ ________________ _______ ___________ _
Jackets ______________________________________________________
Slacks_______________________ _______ _________________________
Dungarees_______ ______________ ______________________
Shirts ______________________________________________________
Shorts__________________________________
Women’s and girls’ apparel_________________________________ .
Women’s apparel______________________________ ____________
Coats, heavyweight, wool____ __________
Coats, lightweight, wool____________________________
December
1958
6.6
.9
.2
. 1
. 1
.1
(9
5.7
.8
.2
. 1
. 1
.1
.2
.2
.6
^ f
A l
. 1
.2
.1
.5
.1
.2
. 1
. 1
1.6
.5
. 1
.2
.4
. 2
. 1
1.8
.5
. 1
.2
.5
.2
. 1
.2
2.3
.9
.5
.5
.2
.2
.2
.5
.2
.2
. 1
.3
(9
.2
. 1
4.9
.6
1.2
.7
. 1
.6
1.1
.3
.2
.1
2.9
2.5
2
. i
1
.4
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 1
.2
. 1
.
(9
.2
1.9
.6
.4
.5
.2
.2
. 1
.5
.2
.3
.3
(9
.3
8.9
2.8
2.5
3
!l
1
.5
.1
. 1
. 1
(9
(9
.
(9
.2
1
. 1
.1
.2
. 1
.1
1
l
.2
.2
.1
5.4
.7
1.4
.8
. 1
.6
1.1
.4
(9
.
. l
.2
.2
.1
.1
.
.1
.4
. 1
. 1
(9
l
.1
.1
(9
(9
.
(9
4.1
3.4
.5
.2
1
.3
(9
.1
.1
3.9
3.2
.5
.2
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CPI COMPONENTS
T able
2.
779
L is t of I t e m s P r ic e d f o r t h e C o n s u m e r P r ic e I n d e x a n d T h e ir R e l a t iv e
I t e m s I n d e x , D e c e m b e r 1952 a n d D e c e m b e r 1958— Continued
I m po r ta n c e in
Percent of all-items
total
Item
the
A ll-
Percent of all-items
total
Item
Women’s and girls’ apparel—Continued
Women’s apparel—Continued
Coats, fur____ ________ ____ ___________
Suits, wool_____________________________
Suits, rayon__________________________
Dresses, wool____________________ _____
Dresses, rayon_______________________ . . .
Dresses, cotton, street_____________ ______
Housedresses____________________________
Skirts, wool______________________ _____
Skirts, rayon________________ __________
Blouses, manmade fibers___________ _____
Blouses, cotton__________________________
Sw eaters..______ ____ ___________________
Shorts, cotton, sport... _______________ . .
Slips, rayon and nylon___________________
Panties, rayon.................. ...................................
Girdles
Brassieres__________________ ______ _____
Nightgowns
Stockings, nylon________ ______ _ . . . .
Gloves______________ . ____ _ .
Handbags________________ ___ _____ _____
Girls’ apparel___ ______ ______ _ . .
Coats___________ _______________________
Dresses, cotton...... ............ . . . _
Skirts, wool__ . . .
Sweaters
Panties..
__ . . .
A nklets..
F o o tw ea r .._
Shoes. ..
M en’s shoes, street,
M en’s rubbers, dress___
Women’s shoes, street___________________
Women's shoes, play
Children’s shoes, oxford
Shoe repairs
Other apparel
Diapers
Yard goods
Cotton
Rayon
Miscellaneous 4
December
1952
December
1958
0.1
.3
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
0.1
.3
1
.1
.1
.]
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
(l)
.1
(l)
.2
.1
.2
.1
December
1952
M edical care services—Continued
Dentist _______________
.
Filling
Extraction
0.8
.6
.2
3
.2
.I
.9
.3
.1
.2
.2
.1
0.8
.6
.2
3
.3
.1
.1
-1
.8
.4
.9
.3
.1
.2
.2
.1
2.0
2.2
.6
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.7
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
R E A D IN G A N D R E C R E A T IO N _______ _____
5.3
5.3
.4
.9
_________
Hospital services
M en’s pay ward
Semiprivate room
Private room
Hospitalization insurance __
Surgical insurance 5
Prescriptions and drugs
Prespriptions, nn.rpnt.ip and rmrmflxpnt.ip
Penicillin tablets
Mnlt.iplft yitamin piYnopntrpt.es
Aspirin
M ilk of magnesia
f
}
1 (
1.0
PERRON AT, CARE
.*1
x
[4
!4
.1
.7
.2
.1
.1
1
.1
1
14
13
.7
.2
.1
1
1
.1
1
15
13
3
3
(1)
.1
.4
.3
1
December
1958
M en’s haironis
Permanent, waves
Shampoos and wave sets______ __________________
.....
Toilet snap
. . ______________________
Cleansing tissues__
T oothp aste________
.
...
________
Sham poo__ _______ _ ________
. . .
Shaving cream . . _____________ _____ __________
Home permanent refill _____________ __________
Face p o w d e r ..__________________ _______ ______
Face cream_______ ____________________ _____
Razor blades. ____________ . . . _______________
Sanitary n a p k in s ..._______________________ ____
(9
.3
.8
.5
.5
Radios . ________________ ___________________
Television sets
______________________________
Television repairs. ________ . . . . . . . ________
Motion picture admissions ---------- -- ---------------Adult_________________________________ ____
Child__________________ _______ ____________
Toys _______________________________ _____ ___
Sporting goods ____________________ __________
N ew spapers_______________________ . . . _______
T R A N SPO R T A T IO N
11.3
11.7
OTH ER GOODS A N D SE R V IC E S......................
5.0
5.1
Private
Automobiles, new
Automobiles, used
Auto repairs
Tires
10 0
2 0
2.0
1 1
.3
10.1
3 1
1. 7
1.2
Cigarettes . ______ ______________ ______ . . . . .
Cigars______ ______ _______________________ ___
B eer.. _____________ ______ ______ ____________
Whisky ________ ____ ______ _________________ .
Miscellaneous 4______ _________________________
SPEC IA L GROUPS:
All commodities_____________________ ______ ____
N ondurables... ________ . . . _____ _________
Food__________ _____ _____________ _____
Nondurables less f o o d __________________
Apparel commodities_______________
1.7
.1
1.4
1.0
.8
1.9
.1
1.4
.9
.8
67.1
52.3
29.6
22.7
9.1
13 6
14.8
32.1
6.0
26.1
3.7
4.2
64.8
51.2
28.7
22.5
8.7
13 8
13.6
34.4
6.2
28.2
4.1
4.5
6.1
12.1
.8
6.7
12.9
.8
2
3
3
1
8
2
1
1
2
(l)
7
’1
1
1
(l)
.3
2.2
.2
.2
10
1.0
.3
1.3
1.0
.3
1. 6
1.3
.3
M E D IC A L CARE
5.1
5.4
Medical care services
General practitioner
Office visit
Home visit
Obstetrical care_____ _ . . . .
Surgeon
Appendectomy
Tonsillectomy
4. 2
4.5
1.6
.7
.7
.2
.3
.2
.1
Motor o il..
Auto insurance
Auto registration
Public
Transit fares
Railroad fares
...
_
.
1.6
.7
.7
______ _
.2
.3
.2
.1
1 Less than 0.05 percent.
2 Includes housing away from home, formerly shown separately.
3 N ew item; formerly represented by water heater.
511024— 59
4
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.3
Durables_________ _______________________
All services
Rent A.
. ____________ . ____ _________
Services less rent _____________ ____________
Transportation services_____________ . . . .
Medical care services____________________
Household operation services, gas and
electricity____________________ _____ _
Other services------- -------------------------------Miscellaneous (unallocated) 4____________ _______
(9
1.4
1.1
.3
.3
1.3
1.0
(9
1.7
1.3
.4
.3
1.1
1.1
4 N ot actually priced; imputed from priced items.
5 N ew item; formerly represented by hospitalization insurance.
6 Includes housing away from home, formerly included in other services.
Foreign Labor Briefs*
Social S ecurity
in F in lan d
T h e s e v e r a l b r a n c h e s of the Finnish compulsory
social security system are not unified and are ad
ministered separately. The most important ele
ments are the Old Age and Invalidity Pension
scheme and the Children’s Allowance scheme.
Workmen’s compensation, another part of the sys
tem, is also compulsory in Finland. There is no
national health insurance program. A compul
sory unemployment insurance plan is currently
under consideration. The Military Injury Act
makes provision for disabled veterans. Many
firms operate voluntary social security schemes for
their employees which provide benefits such as
health insurance.
Programs
O ld A g e an d I n v a lid ity P en sions. The first Na
tional Pension Act in Finland went into effect in
1939, but the act currently in effect dates from
January 1, 1957. All working persons over 16
are insured and are eligible for an old-age pension
at the age of 65. All pensions are adjusted to the
cost-of-living index. At the end of 1957, the re
cipients numbered 430,900 and pensions averaged
about Fmk. 59,800 ($187) J
Benefits provided by the new law fall into two
categories—the basic pension of Fmk. 24,000 per
annum ($75), payable to an insured person at the
age of 65, and an assistance pension which is added
to this and is based on a means test, the pensioner’s
marital status, and the cost of living area in which
he resides. Invalidity pensions, payable on the
same basis as old age pensions, are granted when
an insured person is unable to perform suitable
work, regardless of his age.
The pension program is financed by contribu
tions from the insured ( iy2 percent of his wage),
the employer (1 y2 percent of payroll), and the
780
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State, which makes up the deficit. The act is ad
ministered by the National Pension Board, which
is supervised by 12 commissioners, elected by the
Parliament.
C hildren's A llow an ces. In keeping with the pro
visions of the Children’s Allowance Act of 1948,
the State pays a quarterly allowance for each child
under 16 who is a Finnish citizen and resident in
Finland. In 1957, the monthly rate was Fmk.
1,200 ($3.75) per child. The number of families
receiving these allowances in 1957 was 642,743, the
total number of children entitled to an allowance
in these families being 1,390,969, or 32.1 percent of
Finland’s population. The total amount dis
bursed in 1957 for children’s allowances was about
Fmk. 20 billion ($62.5 million).
W o rk m en ’s C om pensation. This aspect of Finn
ish social security was first established in 1895
and is currently governed by the law of 1948. It
covers all employed persons except casual workers
and aliens. I t is paid for the most part by the em
ployer, although the Government pays some of the
premiums of low-income employers and also pays
for all increases granted because of inflation.
Benefits are established by wage class for tem
porary as well as permanent disability. Compre
hensive medical care is available for the insured.
Benefits are also provided for widows and or
phans. The insurance is written and largely
administered by approved private companies, but
the program is supervised by the Government
Accident Insurance Office.
U n em p lo ym en t P ro g ra m s. Currently, unemploy
ment is being dealt with through work relief
projects financed jointly by the national and local
authorities as prescribed in the Unemployment
Law of December 29, 1956. For this purpose, all
municipalities have been divided into 10 catego
ries in accordance with their ability to pay. Often
the larger cities carry most of the unemployment
burden. Tampere, for example, is responsible for
the first 540 unemployed, and above that figure,
the State pays one part and the city three parts
of unemployment costs; the same is true in Turku.
♦Prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Foreign Labor Condi
tions. Based on United States Foreign Service reports and in
formation from other American and foreign sources except as
otherwise indicated.
1 Fmk. 320 = U.S. $1, par value.
781
FOREIGN LABOR BRIEFS
In rural districts, on the other hand, the State
assumes most of the cost. In 1957, for instance,
the State paid 67.7 percent of the total wages in
unemployment relief projects and local authorities
paid the remaining 32.3 percent.
Private unemployment funds operated by the
trade unions and subsidized by the national Gov
ernment play an insignificant part in the unem
ployment relief system. In 1957, the government
(State and local authorities) paid a total of Fmk.
10.3 billion for wages for work relief projects,
while the private unemployment funds paid out
only Fmk. 91 million, two-thirds of which was
reimbursed by the national Government.
On September 30,1958, a special unemployment
committee presented its plan for an unemploy
ment insurance program to the Minister of Social
Affairs. The report suggested a compulsory un
employment insurance scheme under which all
those who now contribute to the National Pen
sion Fund would also pay a premium to the pro
posed insurance fund. The program would be
administered by the existing National Pension
Board. This report was widely criticized and is
still held up by the Cabinet.
New A u strian System
ment economic consultative body. The trade
union confederation envisaged something similar
to the Dutch Social Economic Council,2 which
must be consulted by the government on all mat
ters of economic policy and which makes recom
mendations to the parliament.
Unable to get the People’s Party, which has
been partner in a coalition with the Socialists
since the war, to agree to such an organization
(the party sees in it a form of dual government,
interfering with and usurping the functions of
the parliament), the unions settled in 1957 for an
organization with more limited powers—the
Paritätische Kommission( Parity Commission),
commonly referred to as the Wage-Price Com
mission. At that time, the unions were able to
strengthen their demand for such a body by
pointing out that inflation was recommencing
(between December 1954 and December 1956, the
cost-of-living index climbed 6.7 percent3).
of W age and P rice C ontrol
D u r in g 1958, the life of the Austrian Wage-Price
Commission, established in 1957 on a temporary
basis, was extended indefinitely. At the same
time, its powers were broadened, thus giving Aus
tria a system of wage and price controls which
has operated with considerable effectiveness. The
Wage-Price Commission grew out of the informal
arrangement for discussing wage and price in
creases which existed during the difficult years of
economic rehabilitation following the end of
World War II. Thus, ad hoc meetings including
the Chancellor, the president of the Austrian
Federation of Trade Unions (AFTU), and repre
sentatives of the Chambers of Labor, Commerce,
and Agriculture (quasipublic bodies representing
the respective interests), and at times the Na
tional Bank, took place whenever necessary to
discuss and/or formulate wage-price policies.1
Such meetings became less frequent after 1952,
however, and in 1955 the AFTU, which had con
sistently campaigned for an official body with ex
tensive social and economic influence, again began
to press for a formal labor-management-govern
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Expenditures
In 1956, expenditures for social welfare in Fin
land amounted to 10.8 percent of the net national
income, or some Fmk. 22,000 ($69) per person.
Of the total, 49 percent was paid by the State,
22 percent by local authorities, 24 percent by em
ployers, and 5 percent by employees.
1 For a history of postwar wage-price policies, see Murray
Edelman, The Wage-Price Agreements in Postwar Austria (in
Monthly Labor Review, June 1954, pp. 629-634), and Leonora L.
Stettner, Wage Pressures and Inflation Controls in Western
Europe (in Monthly Labor Review, June 1956, pp. 664-670).
2 See Ellen M. Bussey, Experience with Wage Controls in the
Netherlands (in Monthly Labor Review, September 1958, pp.
982-987).
3 UN Statistical Bulletin, various issues.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1950
782
The Wage-Price Commission, established on
March 12, 1957, on a 1-year trial basis, is com
posed of two representatives each from the two
coalition parties and two each from the Chambers
of Commerce, Agriculture, and Labor, and the
AFTU. The name Paritätische Kommission re
fers to the fact that all political and economic
interests have equal representation on it. The
Commission has two subcommittees—one for
wages, and the other for prices—which study the
demands made and present their findings to the
Wage-Price Commission. The wage subcommit
tee consists of one representative each of the
Chambers of Labor and Commerce; the price
subcommittee includes one representative each of
the Chambers of Labor, Commerce, and Agricul
ture, the Ministry of Finance, and the AFTU,
and two representatives from the Ministry of
Interior.
When the Commission was set up, represent
atives of labor and management organizations
agreed to discourage demands for higher wages
and higher prices respectively among their mem
bers. All parties concerned emphatically re
iterated, however, that the establishment of the
Commission was to be interpreted as control, and
not as a freeze, of wages and prices. In practice,
both wages and prices were permitted to rise
whenever the Commission found such rises jus
tified. The Commission depended, for its success,
largely on the good will of labor and management,
for although the government was represented, the
Commission constituted a purely unofficial and
voluntary attempt at labor-management coopera
tion.
The AFTU maintained discipline among mem
ber unions by refusing to back wage demands not
approved by the Wage-Price Commission. Strike
action of the affiliates is subject to approval by
the federation. Where wage negotiations were
approved, the Commission tried to get workers to
accept fringe benefits rather than direct wage in
creases, since employers were slower to translate
higher benefits into price demands.
To prevent price increases in spite of its recom
mendations, the Commission depended largely on
the pressure of public opinion, but it also had the
right to recommend the removal of tariffs on
specific products so that foreign competition would
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force down domestic prices. The AFTU, how
ever, was able to exert greater influence on its
members in curbing wage increases than the repre
sentatives of employers’ organizations could exert
on their members.
When the Commission’s term was about to
expire, at the end of 1957, the AFTU urged that
it be continued and further recommended that the
Commission be given greater powers to control
prices, since business interests had not maintained
the discipline that labor had. The fact that the
cost-of-living index had advanced only 1.8 percent
from the end of 1956 to December 19574 was used
by the trade unions to support their argument
that a commission of this type was necessary and
useful. At the same time, however, labor made
its continued cooperation contingent on giving
the Commission more extensive powers.
Since it was generally agreed that the WagePrice Commission had been a success, the AFTU
was in an excellent bargaining position. Both of
its fundamental proposals were accepted by
management and government, although not with
out considerable opposition from business in
terests. Thus, in April 1958, the decision was
made by all interested parties that the Commis
sion would become a more or less permanent part
of the Austrian economic scene and was to be
given greater power. This was accomplished by
strengthening the law against profiteering (the
price-gouging law—preistreibereigesetz) and by
arranging for the automatic suspension of import
restrictions on fruits and vegetables whenever
prices rose above a certain level.
The amendment to the price-gouging law made
it a penal offense to charge prices greater than
locally customary. Customary prices for nonagricultural products are to be determined jointly
by the Chambers of Commerce and Labor and
the AFTU. Prices of agricultural products are
to be established by agreement between the
Chamber of Agriculture, on the one hand, and the
Chamber of Labor and the AFTU, on the other.
Charging prices in excess of those so set will be
subject to a penalty of fine or imprisonment.
Thus, the Wage-Price Commission, heretofore de
pendent upon voluntary cooperation, has been
given legal authority.
4 Ibid.
FOREIGN LABOR BRIEFS
Technical T rain in g in th e
U nited K ingdom
T e c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g in the United Kingdom,
as in the United States, is available at the
secondary and college levels of the educational
system, and also includes on-the-job training at
various levels, with or without collateral
classwork.1
After a pupil has completed the work of the
infant school (ages 5 to 7) and the junior school
(ages 8 to 10; 8 to 11 in Scotland), the type of
secondary school to which he will go is deter
mined by his achievement in a test. The sec
ondary schools are of three types :
1. Technical schools, i.e., those which specialize in vo
cational subjects (serving about 5 percent of all second
ary school students). The course is 4 or 5 years long.
2. Modern schools, i.e., those in which the courses are
general, but with a practical bias (serving about 75 per
cent of the students). The course is 4 or 5 years long.
3. Grammar schools, i.e., those which provide academic
or college-preparatory courses, including schools main
tained by public authorities, and those, called “public
schools,” which are maintained by private organizations
(serving about 20 percent of the students). The course
is usually 7 years long. It provides no technical training,
except such as is inherent in secondary school science.
The courses offered in the technical secondary
schools include those in fields of production, such
as metalworking, weaving, and farming, as well as
those in service fields, such as domestic science,
mechanical drawing, and business.
College-level education in technical fields is of
fered in technical colleges accommodating stu
dents from age 15 or 16 to age 18, 19, or 21 (and,
in addition, some older students), as well as in the
universities, accommodating grammar school
graduates from about age 18 to age 21 or 22. Of
the technical colleges, about 300 provide full-time
instruction, and 250 more provide part-time in
struction, in architecture; applied chemistry, in
cluding plastics ; aeronautical, civil, electrical, and
mechanical engineering; mining; and other tech
nological fields. In the universities, courses are
available in geology, chemistry, and many other
natural sciences.
About 150 of the technical colleges give instruc
tion at an advanced level in one or more of the
technologies. Eight of these institutions have
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783
been designated by the Ministry of Education as
“colleges of advanced technology,” at which it is
Government policy to promote original investiga
tion by providing Government funds for research.
Advanced training is also available at the uni
versities in such professional fields as medicine
and veterinary science, and postgraduate work is
available which leads to advanced degrees in
mathematics, physics, chemistry, zoology, geog
raphy, and other technical subjects.
So-called “sandwich courses” play an important
and expanding part in the activities of the tech
nical colleges. Such a course involves alternate
and approximately equal periods of full-time at
tendance at the college and of practical training
in industry. Of the courses having the official
approval of the Ministry of Education, most are
based on alternate periods of 6 months, beginning
with a half year of full-time attendance at classes.
Sandwich courses are especially popular among
students completing their secondary education
who want to start a career as soon as possible, and
also among able employed workers who feel the
need for, or whose employers want them to have,
classroom instruction. Sandwich students are
paid the appropriate salary during the work pe
riod. In addition, some firms pay the college fees
of their students, and a few firms continue to pay
a student’s full salary during class instruction.
A variation of the sandwich course program in
volves training within the industry. Some large
firms maintain “works’ schools” on their own
premises, with full-time heads and their own fullor part-time staffs or staffs consisting of teachers
loaned by the local educational institutions. In
a few instances, several small firms of the same
industry jointly maintain a separate school for
the training of their workers.
Apprenticeship as such continues to exist along
side the more school-oriented programs of techni
cal training, and the day-release plan is used by
some firms which employ apprentices. Moreover,
the General Electric Co. offers a special arrange
ment, comparable to apprenticeship, for univer
sity graduates in engineering and science, which
provides 2 years of practical training on the job.
1 See W. Graham Craig, Outline of Technical Training in the
United Kingdom (Ottawa, Canadian Department of Labor, Re
search Program on the Training of Skilled Manpower Series, 6)
1958.
Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*
Labor Relations
to E m p lo y e e R e p rese n ta tives. The
U.S. Supreme Court held1 that an employee rep
resentative who accepted checks from employers
intending to make a payment to the union’s wel
fare fund, and used the proceeds for his personal
benefit could not be convicted under section 302
of the Labor Management Relations Act which
prohibits employee representatives from accepting
employer payments, as the transaction was within
the precise language of the exemption for pay
ments to trust funds.
In this case, a union representative accepted
checks identified by the attached vouchers as em
ployers’ contributions to the union welfare fund.
Instead of depositing the checks in the existing
welfare fund account, the representative opened
a new account and subsequently used the proceeds
for his own purposes as well as nonwelfare union
purposes. As a result, he was convicted in a Fed
eral district court of violating section 302(b) of
the LMRA which prohibits an employee represen
tative from accepting money from employers of
the employees. The Government contended that
inasmuch as the representative intended to use
the funds for his own purposes when he accepted
the checks, his conduct was not within the section
302(c)(5) exemption from the broad restriction
in section 302(b) which provides that the restric
tion shall not be applicable to payments to quali
fied trust funds established by an employee repre
sentative for the benefit of the employees. The
conviction was upheld in the court of appeals.2
Reversing the decision of the lower court, the
Supreme Court found that even if the represent
ative’s initial purpose was to appropriate the
funds for his own use, his conduct did not violate
section 302(b) of the act. The statute does not
require mutuality of guilt, the court stated, and a
representative might be guilty of violating section
784
P a y m e n ts
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302(b) without employer collusion, as where pay
ments are coerced from an unwilling employer.
However, in this instance, the employers’ intent
is the deciding factor because when the checks
were drawn by the employers and delivered to the
representative as payment to a qualified union wel
fare fund, and when the representative received
the checks, the transaction was within the precise
language of the exception for payments to trust
funds in 302(c) (5), and thus was not a violation
of section 302(b). The legislative history of the
act is devoid of any suggestion that defalcating
trustees were to be held accountable under Federal
law except by way of injunctive remedy, the court
stated, and although the conduct of the represent
ative was reprehensible, the purpose of Congress
was not to punish criminal conduct traditionally
within the jurisdiction of the States, but to deal
with problems peculiar to collective bargaining.
The dissenting justices were of the opinion that
the purpose of the exception in section 302(c) (5)
was to permit the creation of and payments to
qualified welfare funds as defined in the act, and
that a qualified welfare fund was not established
in this instance as the representative established
no welfare fund whatsoever. Since the receipt of
the checks by the representative as welfare fund
moneys was merely a sham, it was not within the
exception, the justices reasoned. Thus, the repre
sentative violated section 302(b) regardless of the
intent of the employers. Moreover, the justices
asserted that successful prosecution under this
section would be next to impossible if, as here,
guilt were based on an elusive mental element such
as the employers’ intent.
D am ages fo r P ea cefu l P ic k e tin g S p o ile d b y I lle
g al A c tiv ity . A Federal court of appeals held3
that under section 303 of the LMRA an employer
is entitled to damages resulting from peaceful
♦Prepared in the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solici
tor. The cases covered in this article represent a selection of the
significant decisions believed to be of special interest. No
attempt has been made to reflect all recent judicial and admin
istrative developments in the field of labor law or to indicate
the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which con
trary results may be reached based upon local statutory pro
visions, the existence of local precedents, or a different approach
by the courts to the issue presented.
1 A r r o y o v. U n ite d S t a t e s (U.S. Sup. Ct., May 4, 1959).
2 See Monthly Labor Review, September 1958, p. 1017.
a L o c a l 1 8 1 , U n ite d B r o th e r h o o d o f C a r p e n te r s v. C is c o C o n
s t r u c t i o n C o. (C.A. 7, April 13, 1959).
785
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
job site picketing supplemented by illegal second
ary boycott activity.
A general contractor who had no agreement
with the Carpenters union, although some of his
employees were union members, refused to accede
to union demands for overtime pay and fringe
benefits. The union picketed the job site where
the work requiring carpenters was scheduled to
be done by the general contractor and where sub
contractors, most of whom were unionized, were
scheduled to complete those segments of the con
struction which involved other trades. In addi
tion, the union brought direct pressure on the sub
contractors and their workmen to stop doing
business with the general contractor.
The employees of the subcontractors would not
cross the picket line, and the general contractor
employed nonunion, often unskilled, men to do
behind the picket line the work which ordinarily
the subcontractors’ union men would have done.
Having suffered delays and difficulties, the general
contractor sought damages in a Federal district
court under section 303 of the LMRA which pro
vides, in part, that it is unlawful for a labor
organization to engage in a strike or a concerted
refusal where an object thereof is forcing or re
quiring any employer or other person to cease
doing business with any other person, and that
persons injured by such violation may sue for
damages in a district court of the United States.
The district court found that the picket line as
originally established was not illegal, but that the
union’s activities away from the job site were
calculated to cause others than carpenters to cease
doing business with the general contractor within
the meaning of section 303. Holding that the il
legal secondary activities infected the lawful
picketing, the district court found that the union
was responsible for substantial damages resulting
mainly from difficulties behind the picket line.
In affirming the decision, the court of appeals
stated that one of the purposes of the LMRA
was to permit a union to strike and picket peace
fully without interference, but that protected ac
tivities do not include vigorous, concerted efforts
4 N L R B v. D e n v e r
341 U.S. 675 (1951).
B u ild in g a n d C o n s tr u c ti o n T r a d e s C o u n c il,
5 I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f M a c h in is ts
v.
S tr e e t
(Ga. Sup.
Ct., May 8, 1959).
8 R a i l w a y E m p lo y e e s D e p t. v . H a n s o n , 351 U.S. 225 (1956).
See Monthly Labor Review, August 1956, p. 941.
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to keep others from doing business with the
struck employer. Moreover, in the opinion of
the court, union activities need not be treated as
wholly severable, and in determining the legality
of the activities both the objective and the re
lated circumstances should be considered. Citing
a decision of the United States Supreme Court4
holding that a picket line at the job can take on
an unfair objective, the court of appeals stated
that it follows that the legality of a picket line
at the job can be spoiled by away-from-the-job
activity. Concluding that when the totality of
effort is considered in this case, the object of the
concerted activities was illegal, the court held
that the general contractor at whom the activities
were directed was entitled to recover damages.
Use o f D u es fo r P o litic a l P u rposes. The Su
preme Court of Georgia enjoined5 the enforce
ment of a union shop contract executed under
the Railway Labor Act when part of the dues
and assessments collected thereunder were to be
used to support political programs and candi
dates which the petitioning nonunion employees
opposed, as the contract violates the employees’
rights of freedom of speech and deprives them
of their property without due process of law
under the First and Fifth Amendments to the
Federal Constitution.
The facts stipulated in this case showed that
certain employees of a railroad objected to a union
shop agreement negotiated without any specific
authorization from the employees, on the grounds
that the dues required under the terms of the
agreement would be used in part to promote po
litical doctrines and candidates which the em
ployees were not willing to support. These em
ployees, faced with a choice between involuntary
financial support of political activities and giving
up their jobs, procured an injunction from the
State trial court restraining the union from en
forcing the union shop agreement.
Affirming the judgment of the trial court, the
State supreme court pointed out that in upholding
the validity of union shop agreements executed
under the Railway Labor Act, the U.S. Supreme
Court reserved judgment on the validity of such
agreement if dues were used “as a cover for forcing
ideological conformity or other action in contra
vention of the First or Fifth Amendment.” 6 In
786
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
the opinion of the court, this case was within the
area in which the U.S. Supreme Court reserved
judgment. A person who is compelled to provide
economic support for political programs and can
didates is just as much deprived of his freedom
of speech as if he were compelled to give vocal
support to doctrines he opposes, the court held,
and to require an employee to join a union and
pay dues which are used, in part, to support doc
trines he opposes is also a violation of the em
ployee’s freedom to contract.
I lle g a lity o f P a r tia l L ockou t. The National
Labor Relations Board held7 that although a
multiemployer bargaining unit may use the lock
out as a defense against whipsaw strikes, a partial
lockout permitting the employees only enough
work to disqualify them from State unemploy
ment compensation is a violation of the NLRA.
The union in this case struck one member of
a multiemployer unit in support of its bargaining
demands. When the nonstruck members of the
unit invoked a lockout, the union instructed the
employees to register with the State employment
service for other jobs and for unemployment
compensation. The employers protested any
payment of benefits on the grounds that the un
employment was due to a labor dispute, which,
under these circumstances, precluded benefits un
der the State law. In addition, they attempted
to frustrate what they claimed would be a misuse
of the State unemployment fund as a strike fund
by offering the employees enough work to dis
qualify them for benefits.
In the resulting unfair labor practice proceed
ings, the majority of the Board held that the
partial lockout “infringed upon the collective
bargaining rights of these employees and tended
to discourage support of the union and concerted
activity for mutual aid in violation of section
8(a) (1) and (3) of the act.” Noting that em
ployers may lawfully counter threatened strikes
by lockouts for special economic reasons and that
members of a multiemployer unit may resort to a
temporary lockout to preserve the unit when the
7G
re a t
tio n a l
F a lls
E m p lo y e r s ’
A s s o c ia tio n ,
8 N L R B
v. T r u c k
(1957).
9L o c a l 2 9 8 , P l u m
May 4, 1959).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C o u n c il
a n d
R e ta il
C le rk s
I n te r n a
123 NLRB No. 109 (Apr. 29, 1959).
D r iv e r s
U n io n
( B u f f a l o L i n e n ) , 353 U.S. 87
b e r s
U n io n
v.
C o u n ty
o f D o o r
(U.S. Sup. Ct.,
union strikes only one member at a time,8 the
majority found that the partial lockout employed
by the unit in this instance was not a defensive
measure, but retaliation against the employees’
union-directed efforts to procure unemployment
benefits. Moreover, they held, the fact that the
employers would be compelled to subsidize, in
part, a strike against themselves through in
creased tax contributions to the State unemploy
ment reserves did not constitute special circum
stances which would entitle them to lock out their
employees in order to protect their business from
unusual economic loss.
In the opinion of the dissenting members, the
employer unit had a duty to resist depletion of
the compensation fund by payments to workers
whose unemployment resulted from a labor dis
pute, as well as an economic interest in protecting
the fund from unwarranted disbursements which
would result in an increase in the employers’ tax
contribution to the fund. In addition, the dis
senting members asserted that use of the unem
ployment fund as a strike fund would negate
the effectiveness of the lockout defense against
whipsaw strikes, and would force the employers
to underwrite the effectiveness of the strike.
Therefore, it was averred, the partial lockout
was a lawful attempt by the employer unit to
protect its legitimate interest in bargaining on a
group basis.
The
U.S. Supreme Court held9 that when a State
court is otherwise precluded from enjoining
peaceful picketing by the NLRA, jurisdiction is
not conferred on the State by the fact that one of
its political subdivisions is among those seeking
relief.
In this case, a municipal corporation con
tracted for construction work on an addition to
the county courthouse. When one of the con
tractors refused to sign a union agreement, a
union picketed the project. The picketing, though
peaceful, stopped all work since union members
employed by other contractors refused to cross
the picket line. In an action for injunctive relief
initiated by the county and the general contrac
tor, the State circuit court enjoined the picketing,
basing its jurisdiction on a finding that interstate
commerce was not affected by the dispute. This
J u risd ic tio n O ver P o litic a l S u b d ivisio n s.
Y87
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
judgment was affirmed by the State supreme
court which held that interstate commerce was
affected but that State laws were not preempted,
reasoning that the NLRB had no jurisdiction as
a political subdivision was a party to the suit,
and political subdivisions are expressly excluded
from the definition of employer in the NLRA.
Reversing the decision of the State court, the
U.S. Supreme Court held that the dispute affected
interstate commerce and was the kind of litigation
over which the NLRB normally has exclusive
power. Moreover, the Court pointed out that the
NLRB is empowered to issue complaints when
ever it is charged that any person subject to the
act is engaged in any proscribed unfair labor
practice, and the Board regulations allow such a
charge to be filed by any “person”. Inasmuch as
political subdivisions are not excepted from the
definition of “person,” the municipal corporation
was entitled to file a charge in this instance, the
Court held, and therefore exclusive jurisdiction
rests with the NLRB.
“C heckoff ” R evo c a tio n F orm s.
The U.S. Supreme
Court held10 that a provision in a collective bar
gaining agreement which required an employee to
revoke his “checkoff” authorization only on forms
furnished by the union was invalid under the Rail
way Labor Act.
In this case, an employer refused to honor an
employee’s written revocation of his dues deduc
tion authorization, asserting that the agreement
between the employer and the union required the
use of forms provided by the union and forwarded
by that organization to the employer. The em
ployee sought injunctive relief in a Federal dis
trict court and a declaration that he had complied
with requirements for an effective revocation
under section 2 Eleventh (b) of the Railway
Labor Act, which provides that checkoff agree
ments are effective only with respect to those em
ployees who furnish the employer with a written
authorization “which shall be revocable in writ
ing. . . . ” A Federal district court, in denying
the injunction, held the requirement valid. It
reasoned that although the formal revocation re
quirement in the collective bargaining agreement
10 F e t t e r
11 M
v.
a r ia n t
S o u th e r n
v.
C o . (U.S. Sup. Ct., April 27, 1959).
(U.S.D.C., N. Calif., May 1, 1959).
P a c ific
A r a u jo
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
may be arbitrary, it is easily complied with. This
decision was affirmed by the court of appeals.
Reversing the decision of the lower court, the
U.S. Supreme Court held that the checkoff pro
visions of the Railway Labor Act give employers
and unions no authority to restrict an employee’s
individual freedom of decision by regulations,
reasonable or otherwise. I t merely requires a
writing attributable to the employee and fairly
expressing a revocation of his assignment. To
minimize procedural problems, the Court stated,
the employer and union might establish a sug
gested, rather than mandatory, procedure for revo
cation which would impose no requirements other
than those in the statute, recognizing that a re
quirement of any extra step may be burdensome to
the individual employee who is not “equipped” for
correspondence. Moreover, the Court rejected the
argument that the individual employee is bound by
the requirement in the collective bargaining agree
ment, stating that the labor organization cannot
function as the employees’ agent in waiving their
statutory rights.
In the opinion of the dissenting justices, the
contract provision requiring that revocation be
made through the union on forms supplied by the
union is just and practical as applied to the em
ployer, the union, and the employees, and is a rea
sonable arrangement for the businesslike ad
ministration of the checkoff. In addition, these
justices averred that neither a declaratory judg
ment nor injunctive relief are warranted in this
instance, as this employee-plaintiff is not entitled
to extraordinary relief when he could have
avoided any injury simply by executing another
revocation on the form which the union provided.
Veterans’ Reemployment R ights
R ig h ts o f E m p lo y ees on A n n u a l T ra in in g . A
Federal district court has made the first interpre
tation of section 9(g) (3) of the Universal Mili
tary Training and Service Act, holding11 that an
employer may not impose conditions on or ter
minate the leave of a reservist absent for annual
field training.
The employee on this case was hired on June 28,
1954, and on July 26,1954, he enlisted in the Army
Reserve. Before June 1956, he notified his em
ployer that he was obligated to take unit field
training for 2 weeks, beginning July 8th. He left
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
788
for this purpose at the close of work on July 6th;
later the same day, the employer hired a perma
nent replacement. On the morning after his train
ing was finished, the reservist applied for rein
statement which was denied. He continued to
seek reinstatement until October 30,1956, and later
brought an action for damages for violation of the
law.
The court, deciding in the trainee’s favor, held
that section 9(g) (3) of the act creates a statutory
leave of absence and that an employer cannot im
pose conditions on the leave or terminate it. The
leave is ended when the trainee makes application
for reinstatement and is reinstated. Any action
by the employer which denies the trainee a leave
of absence or fails to accord him the status of an
employee on his application for reinstatement
violates the statute.
The court ruled that the reservist had met all
conditions for statutory reemployment rights and
was on statutory leave when his employment re
lationship was unlawfully terminated. Compen
satory damages were awarded from July 23, 1956,
to October 30, 1956, the date when the reservist
no longer desired reinstatement.
W ages and Hours
A U.S. court
of appeals ruled12 that the U.S. Secretary of La
bor need not divulge the names of employees who
have made statements to him concerning alleged
violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act.
In an injunction action against the alleged vio
lations of the FLSA, the Secretary, at the defend
ant’s request, listed the names of 85 persons known
or believed to have knowledge of the violations
charged, but declined to identify persons who had
furnished written statements pertaining thereto.
The trial court, having ruled that the Secretary
was required to answer the defendant’s questions,
dismissed the complaint for failure to comply with
the order.
In reversing, the appellate court relied upon the
common law privilege for communications by in
In fo rm er's P r iv ile g e U n d er F L S A .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
formers to the Government. The court held that
identification of employees who might never ap
pear as witnesses was not so essential to a fair
trial as to outweigh the public policy against
disclosure.
A Federal court
of appeals, reversing a district court, held13 that
employees preparing and delivering meals to
planes for service to first-class passengers on inter
state flights were producing goods for commerce
and thus were within the coverage of the Fair La
bor Standards Act, and that a restaurant deriving
over 25 percent of its annual gross receipts from
the sale of these flight meals could not qualify for
exemption from the act’s requirements as a “retail
or service establishment.”
The court rejected the defendant’s argument
that the meals, designed for immediate eating,
were not “goods” under the act’s definition, which
expressly excludes goods after their delivery to
the ultimate consumer. On this point, the decision
followed P o w e ll v. U .S. C a rtrid g e C o .f 4 where
the Supreme Court held that delivery of goods
to the ultimate consumer before interstate trans
portation could not deprive the employees who
produced the goods of the act’s benefits.
The defendant also contended that its sales of
flight meals were of a retail nature, since the air
lines made no specific charge for them and termed
them a “gratuity” furnished to first-class passen
gers. The court, however, referring to the rule
that the retail exemption is to be narrowly con
strued, found that there was such a resale as to
defeat the claimed exemption, since the meals
were purchased for a definite number of passen
gers on each flight, and their cost entered into
computation of passenger fares as an operating
expense.
C overage o f A irlin e C atering.
12 M
itc h e ll
13 M i t c h e l l
v.
v.
R o m a
S h e r r y
(C.A. 3, Apr. 14, 1959).
C o r i n e C o r p . , 264 F. 2d 831 (C.A. 4, Mar.
13, 1959).
14 339 U.S. 497 (1950).
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
dren’s coats and suits in a four-State area centering in
New York City. The pact, covering 50,000 workers, ex
tends to pieceworkers provisions for premium pay for
overtime work and holiday pay—already in effect for
timeworkers—and provides for an employer-financed sev
erance pay fund. (See also p. 797 of this issue.
May 5
May 1, 1959
T h e U.S. R ubber Co. and the United Rubber Workers
reached an agreement to end a strike that bad idled
26,000 workers since April 9. Among the terms were
improved retirement provisions, including company agree
ment to fund the pension plan, plus expanded medical
insurance coverage and supplemental unemployment
benefits. Wages were not an issue. (See also p. 797
of this issue.)
May 2
A n n o u n c em en t w a s made in Honolulu that the Governor
of Hawaii had signed the Omnibus Unemployment Com
pensation Act which extends coverage to seasonal agri
cultural workers. To be eligible for benefits, a worker
must have worked 30 weeks or a minimum of 20 weeks
in a seasonal job and had other employment to attain
total minimum earnings of $400.
May 4
T h e U.S. S upreme C ourt ruled, in A r r o y o v. U n ite d
S t a t e s , that a union representative who misappropriated
funds given him by employers as payment to a welfare
fund, of which he was a trustee, did not violate the TaftHartley Act’s prohibition on employer payments to em
ployee representatives. The Court held the payments
were within the exemption from such prohibition for
payments to welfare funds. (See also p. 784 of this
issue.)
On the same day, the High Court ruled that a political
subdivision of a State, which had joined a contractor in
a State court action to enjoin peaceful picketing at a
county construction project should, instead, have sought
relief from the National Labor Relations Board since the
activity met the Board’s jurisdictional standards and
the alleged purposes of the picketing would, if proved,
constitute an unfair labor practice under the Labor
Management Relations Act. The Court held that the
subdivision is within the Board’s definition of any “per
son” permitted to file charges under the act. The case
was L o c a l 2 9 8 , P lu m b e r s U n io n v. C o u n ty o f D o o r . (See
also p. 786 of this issue).
T h e Cloakm akers J oint B oard of the International La
dies’ Garment Workers’ Union signed a 3-year contract,
effective June 1, with manufacturers of women’s and chil
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T h e N ew Y ork S tate Board of Standards and Appeals
ruled that the minimum hourly wage rates of $1 and 70
cents for nonresort hotel service and nonservice workers,
respectively, established by order of the State Industrial
Commissioner in 1957 (see Chron. item for Nov. 15, 1957,
MLR, Jan. 1958), may not apply to employees outside
New York City because the order had not taken into ac
count “the value of the service or the class of service
rendered [by employees] within the meaning of the
law . .
T h e National Labor Relations Board ruled (3-2) that a
union-security contract which required employees to main
tain “membership in good standing . . . in accordance
with [union] constitution and bylaws,” when read in its
entirety, did not violate the Taft-Hartley Act, since an
other clause did not permit the union to seek the dis
charge of employees whose membership has been termi
nated but who continued to pay financial obligations.
The case was Z a n g e r le P e t e r s o n C o. and I n te r n a t io n a l
U n ion , U n ite d I n d u s t r i a l W o r k e r s .
May 6
of the Neo Gravure Printing Co., Weehawken, N.J., testified before the Senate Select Committee
on Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field
that it had paid over $307,000 during the past 14 years
for providing a shield against labor troubles to Harold
Gross, a convicted extortionist and current president of
Teamster Local 320 in Miami Beach, Fla., and four mem
bers of his family—all of whom were still on the company
payroll—and a New York longshore union leader, Cor
nelius Noonan. Representatives of the New York Times
and the New York Daily Mirror admitted on the stand
that their papers during a 1948 truckers’ strike had paid
Neo Gravure to clear the way for delivery of Sunday sup
plements from the printing firm. Following the testi
mony, Gross was dropped from Neo Gravure’s payroll and,
on May 15, was arrested in Miami Beach for continuing
to operate as a union business agent after his license had
been canceled.
E xecutives
May 8
A m i n i m u m w a g e b i l l , providing a rate of 75 cents hourly
for North Carolina workers, effective January 1, 1960,
was ratified. Excluded from coverage were agricultural
workers, outside salesmen, persons receiving tips in ad
dition to wages, and workers aged 65 years or over.
789
790
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T h e G eorgia S upreme Court ruled that a union shop
agreement, executed pursuant to the Railway Labor Act,
was invalid as abridging rights guaranteed by the First
and Fifth Amendments to the Federal Constitution, in
sofar as it required nonunion employees to join the union
and pay dues which would be used partly to support
political purposes of which such employees disapproved.
The case was I n te r n a t io n a l A s s o c ia tio n o f M a c h in is ts v.
S tr e e t.
(See also p. 785 of this issue.)
May 14
S tuart R o th m a n , solicitor of the U.S. Department of
Labor since July 1953, was confirmed by the U.S. Senate
for a 4-year term as general counsel of the National Labor
Relations Board. He replaced Jerome J. Fenton, who
had resigned on March 14 but remained in office pending
the appointment of his successor.
with the U.S. Supreme Court finding in
v. L e e d o m (see Chron. item
for Nov. 24, 1958, MLR, Jan. 1959), the NLRB announced
that it would exercise jurisdiction over nonresidential
hotels and motels with a gross annual business of
$500,000.
A cting
in lin e
H o te l E m p lo y e e s L o c a l 2 5 5
May 20
M embers of the International Typographical Union re
jected by a referendum vote a proposed per capita weekly
assessment of $1 for 3 consecutive months, for the pur
pose of establishing a newspaper, or newspapers, in West
chester County, N.Y., that would compete with the papers
of the Macy chain struck by the union since December
1957.
May 21
A t t h e conclusion of its 4-day meeting in Washington,
D.C., the AFL-CIO Executive Council voiced its opposi
tion to the Kennedy-Erwin labor-reform bill, passed by
the U.S. Senate, and among other actions reiterated its
past demands for Federal legislation to raise the legal
minimum wage rate and establish Federal standards for
unemployment compensation, postponed action in the case
of Carpenter union President Maurice A. Hutcheson,
and referred a dispute between the United Steelworkers
and the Federation’s Metal Trades Department to the
Executive Committee for further study. ( See also p. 792
of this issue.)
T h e Co m m unications W orkers and the Southern Bell
May 15
a n NLRB decision , the Federal court of
appeals in St. Louis ruled that a union violated the
secondary boycott prohibition of the Taft-Hartley Act
when it picketed a tool and die company to support its
strike against a plastics company, even though there was
evidence of common ownership and control of the two
companies. The court held that the activities of the com
panies were not so closely integrated as to justify a con
clusion that the two companies constitute one employer
within the meaning of the act. The case was B a c h m a n
M a c h in e Co. v. N L R B .
R eversing
May 19
P resident E isenho w er signed a bill amending the Rail
road Retirement and Unemployment Insurance Acts, in
creasing railroad workers’ retirement benefits by
one-tenth and maximum unemployment benefits by onefifth, effective June 1. The duration of unemployment
benefits was extended on a length-of-service basis. (See
also p. 795 of this issue.)
two companion cases , the California Supreme Court
ruled that right-to-work ordinances of two counties were
invalid since they contravened the State’s statutory policy
guaranteeing employees freedom to organize and select
representatives for collective bargaining and, further,
that they partially duplicated the State’s policy prohibit
ing jurisdictional-organizational assaults upon the valid
employee-employer relationships. The cases were C h a v e z
v. S a r g e n t and L o c a l 1364, R e t a i l C le r k s v. S u p e r io r
Telephone Co. agreed on a 15-month contract for about
55,000 workers in 9 States, providing for weekly wage in
creases of $2 to $5 for plant craftsmen and related cleri
cal personnel and $1 to $3 for traffic and other clerical
employees. (See also p. 796 of this issue.)
May 24
M ayor W agner of New York City appointed a three-man
factfinding panel to investigate a strike by nonprofes
sional workers at six nonprofit hospitals which had begun
on May 8 in spite of New York Supreme Court orders
forbidding the strike. Wages and recognition of Local
1199, Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union are
at issue.
May 25
A 10-day strike of 115 carpenters, which at one time
idled 5,000 construction workers at the missile launching
base at Cape Canaveral, Fla., and nearby Patrick Air
Force Base, ended in a 2-year agreement, including 40
cents an hour in pay increases, with Associated General
Contractors.
In
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Two consumer groups in the field of prepaid medical
care—the Group Health Federation of America and the
American Labor Health Association—merged at a New
York City meeting to form the Group Health Associa
tion of America, whose affiliates represent more than 6
million consumers in the United States, Canada, and Mex
ico. The event was hailed in the cooperative movement
as “a milestone in the history of the work for applica
tion of cooperative methods to the solution of problems
791
CHRONOLOGY OF LABOR EVENTS
of health economics.” A recent decision of the Ameri
can Medical Association removed its previous opposi
tion to groups providing prepaid medical care.
May 27
A F e d e r a l g r a n d j u r y in Los Angeles indicted Teamster
Local 626 and four union members (including Mike
Singer, business agent of the local) on charges of con
spiring to control the area’s yellow grease export mar
ket by strikes and picketing and threats of such actions.
Two days later, 13 Teamster officials and members, in
cluding John O’Rourke, an international vice president
and president of the New York Teamsters Joint Council,
were arrested following indictment by a Nassau County
(N.Y.) grand jury on charges of extortion in the juke
box industry.
May 28
a reopening clause of a 3-year con
tract, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and leading
shirt, pajamas, and cotton-garment manufacturers
reached an agreement covering about 100,000 workers
and providing for a 7.5-cent hourly wage increase and
additional fringe benefits, effective on August 31. (See
also p. 797 of this issue.)
N e g o t ia t in g u n d e r
of the Insurance Agents International Union
(formerly AFL) and the Insurance Workers of America
(formerly CIO) into the Insurance Workers Inter
M erg e r
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
national Union, with 23,000 dues-paying members, was
completed as delegates from the two unions met in
Chicago in a founding convention. (See also p. 793 of
this issue.)
Later in the month, the Marine Engineers Beneficial
Association (MEBA) announced that its members and
those of the Brotherhood of Marine Engineers (associ
ated with the Seafarers’ Union) had voted through
referendum to merge their unions. By the merger agree
ment, the Brotherhood will enter into MEBA Local 101,
which has jurisdiction in the Great Lakes area.
May 29
A s u b c o m m it t e e on labor-management legislation of the
U.S. House of Representatives Education and Labor
Committee ended a 2-day session in Los Angeles, having
heard three men testify that they had been expelled from
the Machinists’ District Lodge 727-E for alleged “con
duct unbecoming union members,” namely, actively sup
porting the “right to work” proposal on the 1958 Cali
fornia ballot which the union unqualifiedly opposed. The
men did not lose their jobs as a result of the expulsion,
nor did the union request—nor could have lawfully
effected—their discharge. In upholding the local’s deci
sion, Machinist President Albert J. Hayes said that the
constitutional right to freely express one’s views “does
not mean that a member of our association is entitled
to openly denounce the considered position of the labor
movement and particularly of his own organization, with
out the possibility of losing his rights to retain his stand
ing as an I. A. of M. union member.”
Developments in
Industrial Relations *
Union Activities
The spring meet
ing of the AFL-CIO Executive Council was held
in Washington, D.C., May 18-21. Of immediate
concern was the Kennedy-Ervin labor reform bill
passed by the Senate and sent to the House of
Representatives.1 In its original form, the bill
had the blessings of the AFL-CIO, but because
of a series of amendments attached to it, the coun
cil charged the bill “would unwarrantedly jeopar
dize the liberties of all honest trade unionists.”
I t directed President George Meany to present
to the House Committee on Education and Labor
a “point by point analysis of the weakness and
dangers in the bill. . . .” The Senate bill was
also opposed by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce
and the National Association of Manufacturers
on the grounds that its proposed reforms were
not strong enough.
The council failed to resolve differences be
tween two factions in the dispute placed before
it by the Steelworkers and the Industrial Union
Department which accused the Metal Trades De
partment of organizing in competition with in
dustrial unions. A compromise report, worked
out by President Meany, reportedly eliminated
some of the differences contained in separate re
ports previously submitted by a two-man commit
tee appointed to study the problem.2 I t was
turned down by ex-CIO officials now on the ex
ecutive council on the grounds that the report, if
accepted, would have licensed the craft unions
to continue their alleged raiding of plants or
ganized by the industrial unions. The issue was
referred to the eight-man executive committee “to
study and try to find some solution.”
In a related jurisdictional dispute—involving
the International Union of Electrical Workers
and the Sheet Metal Workers’ International As
sociation—the council upheld the decision of an
A F L - C I O E x e c u tiv e C ouncil.
792
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
impartial umpire declaring the IU E had violated
the AFL-CIO no-raiding pact by petitioning for
a representation election at the Belock Instrument
Corp. in College Point, Long Island. James B.
Carey, president of the IUE, defended his union’s
action on the grounds that collusion was involved
in the original agreement between the company
and the Sheet Metal Workers, a contention re
jected by the council as being unsupported by the
facts. Mr. Carey was ordered by the council to
withdraw his union from the election to be held
in June.
The case of Carpenter President Maurice A.
Hutcheson was again postponed 3 pending dispo
sition of an Indiana indictment against him over
alleged involvement in land sales. Mr. Hutche
son—attending his first executive council meeting
in more than a year—invited council members to
investigate the union’s affairs and assured them
that he had done no wrong ; his earlier refusal to
answer certain questions put to him by a Senate
investigating committee, he said, was necessary
because he feared his answers might be used
against him in his Indiana trial.
The council reportedly mapped a plan to fight
for repeal of “right to work” laws in three States
(Kansas, Utah, and Indiana) and to survey con
ditions in five others to determine whether a sim
ilar effort should be made there.
C onventions an d M ergers. Many of the union con
ventions in May stressed political action and col
lective bargaining policies. At the 30th conven
tion of the International Ladies’ Garment
Workers’ Union, delegates approved a number of
resolutions recommended by its General Executive
Board as a result of antitrust suits pending
against the ILGW.4 To finance the union’s in
creased activities growing out of the resolutions,
delegates approved a rise in the per capita tax
paid by local and joint board affiliates to $1.50 a
month (from $1.17). Most of the increase will be
allocated toward establishing, for the first time
in the international union’s history, a $5 million
»Prepared in the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, on the basis of currently available
published material.
1 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1959, p. 302.
2 See Monthly Labor Review, April 1959, p. 427.
3 See Monthly Labor Review, April 1959, p. 427.
* See Monthly Labor Review, May 1959, pp. 585-586.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
strike fund to provide members with benefits be
ginning with the second week of a walkout or
lockout. Benefits will amount to $20 a week—
half to be financed from the fund and the remain
der to be paid by the striking local or joint board.
A resolution was approved calling for “a nation
wide party of consistent liberalism” to promote
liberal legislation. To accomplish this goal, the
resolution urged greater trade unionist voter
registration along with more financial contribu
tions, and legislation reapportioning Congres
sional representation following the 1960 Census.
Another major action taken at the convention
was the relinquishment by President David Dubinsky of his post as secretary-treasurer, a posi
tion he has held along with that of president since
1932. The 1,000 attending delegates unanimously
reelected Mr. Dubinsky as president and Louis
Stulberg, for the past 3 years executive vice presi
dent, an appointive position, as secretary-treas
urer. In addition, three new vice presidents were
elected to fill vacancies caused by death and
resignations.
Delegates to the United Shoe Workers’ conven
tion also agreed to set up a national strike fund
to be financed through appropriate per capita
payments. Delegates of the 60,000-member union
also approved proposals for an increase in the
statutory minimum wage to $1.25, a 35-hour work
week, and a drive to organize nonunion workers
in the shoe industry.
A dismal outlook for hosiery workers was por
trayed before delegates attending the 45th bien
nial convention of the American Federation of
Hosiery Workers. The union said shifts in con
sumer tastes had brought about increased produc
tion of ladies’ seamless hosiery, involving greater
utilization of automatic knitting machines. There
had been a corresponding decline in the demand
for full-fashioned hosiery—the field in which the
union’s major strength lies. To strengthen its
position, delegates approved a resolution urging
affiliation with “another strong union, such as
Steel Workers or Auto Workers,” to help them
organize hosiery workers in mills that have lo
cated in “States that are against organized labor
and [are] in favor of cut throat prices and low
6 See Monthly Labor Review, June 1959, p. 678.
8 See Monthly Labor Review, February 1959, p. 186.
7 See Monthly Labor Review, December 1958, p. 1409.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
793
wages. . . .” The union advocated legislation
along the lines recommended by the AFL-CIO at
an April meeting on unemployment,5 and called
for legislation to improve enforcement of the Fair
Labor Standards Act.
Election of new officers, adoption of a constitu
tion, a pledge of adherence to the AFL-CIO
Codes of Ethical Practices, and a request that the
union be placed under AFL-CIO monitorship,
were steps taken by delegates to the International
Jewelry Workers’ Union 15th triennial conven
tion. The union had been under fire on charges
of financial irregularities, corruption, and ex
ploitation of Puerto Rican workers by “sweet
heart” contracts. In December 1958, both the
union’s president and the secretary-treasurer had
resigned and since that date, the union had been
under AFL-CIO trusteeship.6 Harry Spodick
was elected to fill the combined offices of president
and secretary-treasurer and 10 vice presidents
were chosen. To insure completion of its cleanup
campaign, a resolution was approved calling for
a monitor to “aid, assist and oversee” union ac
tivities for as long as necessary “to protect the
best interests” of the IJU .
At the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship
Clerks’ convention, attention was given to auto
mation and to forthcoming collective bargaining
with the Ration’s railroads. The union’s consti
tution was revamped and dues were increased to
a minimum of $4 a month (an average increase
of about $1); the monthly per capita tax paid to
the international was raised to $1.50 from $1.
George M. Harrison, president of the union since
1928, was reelected by acclamation, and George
M. Gibbons, who had been serving as secretarytreasurer following the death of Phil E. Ziegler,
was elected to that post. In other actions, a 70year age limit for officers was adopted and the
board of trustees was enlarged from five to seven
members to give representation to the union’s
airline membership.
Mergers or steps toward mergers of unions in
the same or allied industries were taken at several
conventions. In Chicago, the Insurance Agents
International Union and the Insurance Workers
of America (both AFL-CIO affiliates) voted in
separate conventions to merge into a single union.7
George L. Russ, former president of the IAIU,
was named to the top post of the new organization
794
and William A. Gillen, former president of the
other union, became secretary-treasurer. The new
insurance union—composed of about 13,000 former
Insurance Agents members and 10,000 former In
surance Workers—is to be known as the Insur
ance Workers International Union. A joint con
vention followed in which the organization of
the many unorganized insurance workers was
stressed.
The new peace between two traditional rivals 8—
the National Maritime Union and the Seafarers’
International Union—was emphasized at the lat
ter union’s ninth biennial convention, held in
Montreal, when Joseph Curran, president of the
NMU, spoke before the convention. Mr. Curran
asserted his belief that there “has to be one union”
of unlicensed seamen and that in time the two
maritime labor groups must merge. Organiza
tional and legislative matters connected with the
opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway and prob
lems associated with “flags of convenience” ships
occupied much of the convention’s agenda.
In another unity action, the Marine Engineers’
Beneficial Association and the Brotherhood of
Marine Engineers announced in late May that
a referendum ballot by their members had been
completed which formally approved merger of
their unions.
The Brotherhood of Marine E n
gineers—under merger terms previously agreed
upon by the executive boards of both unions9—
is to be incorporated into MEBA Local 101, which
has jurisdiction in the Great Lakes area where
most of the BME membership is located.
By contrast, the decision of the Oil, Chemical
and Atomic Workers International Union and the
International Chemical Workers10 not to merge,
at least for 1959, was announced at a 2-day meet
ing of the unions’ merger committee. Differences
centered over failure to reach complete agreement
on a new constitution, in particular, the type of
executive board to be established.11 However, the
merger committee felt that differences were not
unresolvable and reiterated their conviction of
“the need for and the desirability of continuing
close cooperation and ultimate merger.” In the
meantime, both unions pledged to continue joint
educational programs, improve the interchange of
collective bargaining data, and promote efforts to
eliminate organizational competition.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters
(Ind.) announced that amalgamation talks had
been going on with the independent Bakery and
Confectionery Workers’ International Union—
which, like the Teamsters, had been ousted from
the AFL-CIO on charges of corrupt leadership
in December 1957.12 Teamster President James
B. Hoffa said the Bakers represented about 83,000 members. The BCW reportedly has been in
financial difficulties because of loss of membership
to the American Bakery and Confectionery
Workers, a rival union chartered by the A FLCIO to replace the BCW. The AFL-CIO af
filiate has about 77,000 members; prior to its
ouster from the federation, the BCW had about
160,000 reported members.
In a speech addressed to a Gulf
district convention of the International Long
shoremen’s Association (Ind.), Teamster Presi
dent Ploffa received widespread press coverage
during May when, in response to proposals to
place unions under antitrust laws, he allegedly as
serted that “all our contracts [should] end on a
given date.” He was reported to have continued,
“They talk about a secondary boycott. We can
call a primary strike all across the Nation that
will straighten out the employers once and for all.”
Mr. Hoffa, however, denied he had threatened
a general strike and said that seasonal activities
made it strategically unwise to seek a uniform ex
piration date for contracts in all industries. He
suggested, for example, that the Teamsters cer
tainly “wouldn’t strike a cement plant in the win
ter.” Public reaction to Hoffa’s alleged state
ments was strongly critical—Labor Secretary
James P. Mitchell called it “the most arrogant,
brazen thing I ever heard of” ; George Meany said
that when legislation is passed which labor doesn’t
like, “we seek to change it through the system, not
O th er A c tiv itie s .
8 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1959, p. 303.
9 See Monthly Labor Review, May 1959, p. 586.
10 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1959, p. 303.
11 Under the ICW system, the executive board consists of the
president, secretary-treasurer, and nine vice presidents who are
elected at the international convention. The executive board
members of the OCAW, in contrast, are elected by the individual
regions with the international’s administrative officers (presi
dent, secretary-treasurer, and two vice presidents) having a
voice but not a vote on the board.
12 See Monthly Labor Review, February 1958, p. 191.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
by revolution” ; and Senator John L. McClellan
called Mr. Hoffa a “would-be dictator.”
An organizing campaign of the Teamsters in
the oil refining industry13 received a setback in
Louisiana when members of an independent local
union employed at the Baton Rouge refinery of
Esso Standard Oil Co. voted for a 1-year contract.
The local union—representing about 4,000 work
ers—had been without a contract since July 1958,
and during that time, the Teamsters, the Oil,
Chemical and Atomic Workers Union, and other
competing labor groups had attempted to per
suade these workers to affiliate. Bargaining talks
had been reportedly stymied over seniority, craft
classification, and bargaining rights. Wages
were not an issue in the negotiations; a 5-percent
general increase was granted in January, follow
ing the oil industry pattern.
Although bargaining issues between the local
union and Esso were settled by the new contract,
it was not signed because of a representation peti
tion filed with the National Labor Relations
Board by the AFL-CIO Metal Trades Council.
Hearings on the petition were held up, pending
the outcome of unfair labor practice charges made
by the Teamsters against Esso.
Legislation and Bargaining
R ailro a d s. Increased retirement and unemploy
ment benefits for workers covered by the Railroad
Retirement and Unemployment Insurance Acts
were provided in a bill signed by President Eisen
hower on May 19. I t called for an approximate
10-percent increase in retirement benefits, effec
tive June 1. The higher benefits were estimated
to affect over 700,000 persons now receiving re
tirement and survivorship benefits in addition to
future retirees. Maximum unemployment bene
fits were raised to $51 a week (from $42.50) and
the present 26 weeks’ maximum duration of bene
fits was doubled for employees with at least 15
years’ seniority. For those with 10 but less than
15 years’ service, maximum duration of benefits
was increased by 13 weeks—to 39 weeks. Those
with less than 10 years’ service who had ex
hausted regular unemployment benefits between
June 30, 1957, and April 1, 1959, may be eligible
13 See Monthly Labor Review, April 1959, p. 428.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
795
for as many as 13 additional weeks of benefits for
periods of unemployment between June 18, 1958,
and July 1, 1959.
The higher retirement benefits will be financed
by raising the tax on both employers and em
ployees from 6.25 percent on the first $350 of
monthly income to 6.75 percent on the first $400,
effective June 1, 1959, and by further increases
until it reaches 9 percent for each in 1969. The
employers’ maximum unemployment compensa
tion tax was raised to 3.75 percent on the first
$400 of monthly income compared with the pre
vious 3 percent on the first $350. The increases in
the tax structure were designed not only to cover
the costs of improved benefits but also to place
the funds in a sound actuarial position.
C onstruction. Wage settlements for substantial
groups of workers in the construction industry
were concluded during May, with the usual spring
upturn in bargaining activity. Included were a
number of settlements for carpenters and laborers.
In southern California about 50,000 carpenters
are scheduled to receive a 45-cent increase in wages
over 2 years: One-half effective June 15 of this
year and the remainder on May 1, 1960. Other
contractual changes included a $l-a-day raise (to
$6) in subsistence allowances, and effective Feb
ruary 1, 1960, reimbursement of parking costs in
the Los Angeles area if parking is not available
within three blocks of the job site.
In 42 northern California counties, a contract
estimated to cost a total of 65 cents in 3 years, was
signed by the Carpenters and the Associated Gen
eral Contractors for approximately 35,000 work
ers. Included were raises of 20.5 cents in 1959,
20 cents in 1960 (with an option to allocate a por
tion of these increases for a vacation plan), and
20 cents more in 1961. There was a 1-cent man
hour increase (to 11 cents) in health and wel
fare contributions, an increase in subsistence pay,
and increased differentials for specialty crafts.
Effective June 15, rates of pay for 30,000
laborers in Southern California rose by 20
cents an hour while in the northern part of the
State, the same number received an 18-cent de
ferred increase effective May 1,1959.
In Oregon and southwest Washington, a 3-year
agreement provided a total wage advance of 53
cents an hour in a settlement between the Car-
796
penters union and nine employer groups. The
settlement, covering 13,600 workers, provided pay
raises of 18 cents effective April 1, 1959, and 18and 17-cent increases in the second and third con
tract years, respectively.
One year in advance of expiration of a previous
agreement, representatives of the same union and
the General Building Contractors Association of
Philadelphia negotiated a new contract. A 15cent-an-hour deferred increase under terms of the
previous agreement went into effect on May 1 as
scheduled; under the new contract, pay scales will
rise 10 cents, effective May 1, 1960, to $3,885.
About 7,500 workers are affected. Other pro
visions, also effective May 1, 1960, include an
em p lo y e r contribution of 10 cents an hour for
establishment of a welfare fund and 5 cents an
hour for an industry-advancement fund, part of
which is to be used for improved financing of
apprenticeship training.
About 4,800 Carpenters in the Washington,
D.C., area are scheduled to receive a 35-cent-anhour wage increase, spread over 2 years, under
terms of a new contract reached between the Car
penters and the Construction Contractors Coun
cil on May 6. The settlement calls for a 10-centan-hour increase effective May 1, 1959, 7.5 cents
on January 1, 1960, an additional 7.5 cents on
May 1, 1960, and 10 cents more on January 1,
1961.
Pay increases amounting to 30 cents an hour by
November 1, 1960, were agreed to on May 20 by
the Construction Contractors Council and repre
sentatives of the Laborers’ Union for about 4,800
workers in the same area. The agreement ended
a strike in effect since May 11, and provided an
immediate 12.5-cent-an-hour pay advance to be
followed by 7.5 cents on May 1, 1960, and 10
cents more on November 1,1960.
In Chicago, 14,500 workers represented by the
Laborers’ Union were to receive a 25-cent-an-hour
pay raise effective June 1, as a result of an agree
ment with the Builders Association of Chicago.
This was the first wage increase for these workers
since June 1, 1957, and represented a “parity ad
justment” to put the laborers’ pay in line with
other trades which had negotiated increases in
the past 2 years.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
O th er N o n m an u factu rin g.
The Southern Bell
Telephone Co. and representatives of the Com
munications Workers of America agreed on May
21 to weekly pay increases ranging from $1 to $5
for 55,000 workers, effective immediately. The
15-month contract called for $2 to $5 advances
in pay for plant craftsmen and related clerical
workers, and $1 to $3 for traffic and other clerical
employees. Earlier in the month, the Inter
national Brotherhood of Electrical Workers,
representing about 12,000 plant department em
ployees at the Illinois Bell Telephone Co., signed
a 17-month contract calling for wage increases of
from $1.50 to $6 a week to be made in two steps.
The major portion went into effect May 3 and the
remainder will become effective on February 7,
1960. Both settlements provided for classifica
tion adjustments and a fourth week’s vacation
for 30-year-service employees; improvements in
pensions—similar to those first negotiated in Jan
uary with other Bell system affiliates14—were pro
vided earlier in the year.
An agreement to end a 3-week work stoppage
of parcel delivery workers employed in the New
York City area, by the United Parcel Service of
New York, Inc., and represented by the Team
sters union, was reached on May 8. The settle
ment, affecting about 3,000 employees, called for
an immediate 20-cent-an-hour increase. Addi
tional wage increases of 10 and 7.5 cents, respec
tively, are scheduled for April 1 in 1960 and
1961. The contract, ratified by local membership
on May 11, also included an increase of $3 a
month in employer contributions for health and
welfare benefits—to a total of $16.65—an eighth
paid holiday (Election Day), and beginning in
1960, a fourth week’s vacation after 20 years’
service.
A top scale of $2,482.40 a month for jet pilots
employed by United Air Lines was provided in
an 18-month contract reached by the company and
the Air Line Pilots Association in May. New
monthly pay scales on piston-engine aircraft in
clude a maximum of $1,939.25 for pilots (com
pared with the former maximum of $1,817.04) and
$450 a month salary for beginning copilots instead
of the former $400. The new contract also called
14 See Monthly Labor Review, March 1959, pp. 301-302, and
April 1959, p. 429.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
for the jets, to be put into service by United in
mid-September, to be manned by three pilotqualified officers. Other lines have agreed to
operate their jets with three pilots and a flight
engineer.15 A United Air Lines spokesman said
their ability to limit their cockpit crews to three
stems from the fact that all flight engineers sched
uled to serve on jets have taken pilot training
since 1954.
A 7.5-cent-an-hour wage increase, effec
tive August 31, 1959, for about 100,000 employ
ees—their first general wage increase since 1956—
was negotiated on May 28 by representatives of
the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and leading
manufacturers of shirts, pajamas, and other cot
ton garments. The settlement also included a
seventh paid holiday and an increase from 5 to 5.5
percent in employer contributions to welfare and
insurance funds. Negotiations were conducted
under a reopening clause of a 3-year nationwide
agreement expiring June 1, 1961.16
About 50,000 workers in Connecticut, New
York, New Jersey, and Pennslyvania employed
by manufacturers of women and children’s coats
and suits were affected by a 3-year contract agreed
to by the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’
Union and employer representatives on May 4.
Wages were not altered, but the provision for
reopening on this issue should the Consumer Price
Index rise by 5 percent from the time of the
workers’ most recent increase (in December 1957)
was continued. Effective June 1, 1959, the agree
ment extends to pieceworkers the provision for
paying time and one-half for work after 7 hours,
already in effect for timeworkers. The 6 y2 holi
days currently paid to timeworkers were extended
to pieceworkers. Beginning June 1, 1960, 3y2 of
these holidays will be guaranteed at full holiday
pay to both piece and time workers and by June
1, 1961, all 6y 2 holidays will be guaranteed.
(Under the previous agreement, timeworkers re
ceived less than full holiday pay if they did not
work the full normal hours during the rest of the
holiday week.) The agreement established a
severance pay fund into which employers will pay
A p p a r e l.
15 See, for example, Monthly Labor Review, February 1959,
p. 182.
18 See Monthly Labor Review, October 1958, p. 1160.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
797
0.5 percent of payrolls beginning July 1, 1959,
and 1 percent beginning July 1,1960.
Chem icals. On May 4, the E. I. du Pont de
Nemours & Co. announced immediate general pay
increases for about 5,000 employees at its Savan
nah River plant near Aiken, S.C. Increases
ranged from 9 to 11 cents an hour for hourly paid
workers and from $3 to $4.50 a week for salaried
employees.
Wage increases amounting to approximately 5
percent for about 2,900 employees of Merck & Co.,
Inc., in Pennsylvania and New Jersey were agreed
to in early May by members of the Oil, Chemical
and Atomic Workers International Union. The
increases reportedly amounted to about 10 cents
an hour for most workers; in addition the com
pany agreed to bring workers in the collective
bargaining units under the company’s stock pur
chase and savings plan approved at a stockhold
ers meeting in late April, under which it will con
tribute an amount equal to 50 percent of the sum
saved by employees.
S to n e , C la y , an d G lass P ro d u cts. A work stop
page in effect since mid-April was ended on May
8 when representatives of the International
Brotherhood of Operative Potters and the U.S.
Potters Association signed a 19-month, 9-cent-anhour package contract for about 5,700 workers
in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. It
called for an immediate 6-cent-an-hour increase
plus provision for three more paid holidays (total
five). Revisions were also made in the vacation,
arbitration, and seniority provisions.
The settlement was preceded by an agreement
reached on April 25 between the same union and
five chinaware firms (four of which were formerly
represented by the Potters Association) in Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and New York. This agreement—
affecting about 2,500 workers—also provided 6
cents in wages and two and a half additional paid
holidays, for a total of five.
O th er M an u factu rin g. Agreement to end a 3week strike at U.S. Rubber Co. was reached on
May 1 between the company and the United Rub
ber Workers. The settlement, affecting about
26,000 employees, called for changes in pensions,
insurance, and supplemental unemployment bene-
798
fits. Minimum pension benefits, effective July 1,
1959, were raised to $2.10 a month for each year of
service (compared with $1.80 a month for up to 30
years under the previous contract) and minimum
disability retirement levels were raised from $80 to
$100 a month. Pensions for those retired since
July 1, 1950, were raised to a minimum of $2 a
month for each year of service for those receiving
less than this amount. Vesting rights at age 40
after 10 years’ service was also added, and some
revisions in the insurance plan were made. The
pension and insurance agreement runs until July 1,
1964. Changes in the working agreement—to be in
effect until June 1, 1961—included an increase in
the weekly maximum supplemental unemployment
benefits from $25 to $30 for employees with no
dependents. Strikes continued at Firestone and
B. F. Goodrich Rubber Companies; the union
had reached contract terms with Goodyear Tire
and Rubber Co. in April.17 Wages were not an
issue in any of these situations.
In Milwaukee, Wis., members of the Brewery
Workers union ratified a 2-year contract with five
breweries calling for a 10-cent-an-hour pay in
crease, effective June 1,1959, for about 6,000 work
ers. At three major firms, pay advances in the
second contract year will amount to 10 cents an
hour. At two smaller breweries, 5-cent-an-hour
wage increases in 1960 will be supplemented by an
additional 5 cents if sales increase 10 percent by
that time. Other contract terms (at all five brew
eries) include liberalized vacation benefits, another
paid holiday (total 10y2 ) , a 13-cent-an-hour em
ployer contribution to the pension fund (instead of
10 cents), and increased sickness and accident
benefits.
One of the first major settlements to be nego
tiated this year in the Pacific Northwest lumber
industry was reached in late May between the
Georgia-Pacific Corp. and the International
Woodworkers union. The tentative agreement,
subject to membership ratification, called for a
package increase of 20.5 cents an hour over a
2-year period, including a provision for 3 weeks’
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
vacation after 10 years. The contract affected
about 3,000 workers.
About 2,400 printing pressmen represented by
Local 2 of the Printing Pressmen union and em
ployed by 11 newspapers that are members of
the Publishers Association of New York City rati
fied a 2-year, $7 a week package contract offer on
May 8. The settlement provided $4 retroactive to
December 8, 1958, when the previous contract ex
pired and an additional $3 effective December 8,
1959; the union had an option of allocating the
increase between wages and welfare benefits. Ne
gotiations between the same employer group and
Local 6 of the International Typographical
Union were still stalemated over the issue of local
type resetting of display advertisements received
by the papers in plate or mat form.
Other Developments
Hearings of the Senate Select Committee on
Improper Activities in the Labor or Management
Field revealed evidence that some New York
newspaper distributors had made payoffs totaling
more than $400,000 to officials of the Newspaper
and Mail Deliverers Union (Ind.). Executives
of two newspapers—The New York Times and the
New York Daily Mirror—also testified that their
papers had paid tribute to a convicted labor ex
tortionist and a Longshoremen’s union official to
insure delivery of their Sunday supplements.
Union officials ether denied or refused to tell the
committee whether they had accepted payments
from the newspapers or the distributors.
The National Labor Relations Board will exer
cise jurisdiction over the hotel industry in order
to conform with a U.S. Supreme Court finding
that the total exclusion of the industry was con
trary to the intent of Congress. The Board’s
jurisdiction will be applicable to nonresidential
hotels or motels with a gross annual business of
at least $500,000.
17 See Monthly Labor Review, June 1959, p. 675.
Book Reviews
and Notes
E ditor ’s N ote .— L is tin g o f a
'publication in th is
section is f o r reco rd an d reference o n ly and
does n o t co n stitu te an en dorsem en t o f p o in t
o f v ie w or a d vo ca cy o f use.
Special Reviews
By Rob
ert Tilove. New York, Fund for the Re
public, 1959. 91 pp. Single copies free.
This report is indicative of growing public in
terest in and concern with the impact of private
pension plans on the national economy and eco
nomic freedom. The report does not attempt to
assess all ways in which pension funds affect eco
nomic freedom; rather, it deals chiefly with two
issues: (1) whether investment by self-insured
pension funds in common stock serves to concen
trate economic power in the hands of a few, and
(2) whether pension plans restrict labor mobility.
At the end of 1957, self-insured pension funds
held about $4.8 billion in common stocks as com
pared to $0.8 billion in 1951, and Mr. Tilove esti
mates that by 1965 they may hold as much as $20
billion. Mr. Tilove concludes that although the
aggregate amount of self-insured pension fund in
vestments in common stock implies a potential for
concentration of economic power by financial in
stitutions (banks control investments under most
self-insured pension funds), there is “no real evi
dence” that this has come about, or will develop
into a national problem. The author points out
that, in total, self-insured pension funds hold only
a very small part of the total value of all common
stock (less than 5 percent), and even in the issues
in which they concentrate they hold negligible
parts of the whole.
Mr. Tilove also examines all institutional hold
ings, such as those of banks, life insurance compa
nies, and self-insured pension funds. Institu
tional investors account for the major portion of
total net purchases of common stock—estimated
P en sion F u n d s an d E con om ic F reedom .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
at 60 percent in 1954—and they hold about 10 per
cent of all common stock. Although the poten
tial for economic control is present, the great num
ber and diversity of financial institutions would
counteract any significant realization of this po
tential. With regard to control of particular
corporations, the author maintains that financial
institutions are not anxious to utilize this poten
tial since (1) they are primarily interested in
flexibility and return on investment and (2) they
fear judicial and statutory restraints.
The other major problem that the report deals
with relates to pension plans and labor mobility.
The author concludes that, in general, private pen
sion plans, in the form in which they now exist,
tend to restrict labor mobility (through loss of
pension credits when changing jobs) and the hir
ing of older workers, but the strength or influence
of these factors is in doubt. They are not im
portant at younger ages when mobility is high,
and are subordinate to stronger factors (seniority
and community roots) at the higher ages when
they should be important. In addition, pension
plans may contain provisions which increase mo
bility and provide the worker with a “margin of
security”—vesting, early retirement, and transfer
of pension credits as in multiemployer plans. The
author feels that the direction in the future will
be toward mobility through increased vesting of
pension credits.
This report is a valuable addition to the litera
ture on pensions and should provoke considerable
discussion and controversy. It is not a compre
hensive report, but it does offer a preliminary
analysis and appraisal of existing facts about the
problems studied. I t is important to emphasize
that the facts and studies on which the author
bases his conclusions are still inadequate, al
though substantial gains have been made in the
past few years, and this lends importance to the
need for further research in all phases of pension
plans. At this writing, the prospects for a sig
nificant growth in the store of information avail
able on pension plans are bright; information
relating to reserves, investments, contributions,
benefits, and related data may become available
through the data filed with the Department of
Labor under the new Welfare and Pension Plans
Disclosure Act.
—W alter W. K olodrubetz
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
Bureau of Labor Statistics
799
800
T h e L a b o r F orce U n d er C h an gin g In com e an d
E m p lo y m e n t. By Clarence D. Long. New
York, National Bureau of Economic Re
search, Inc., 1958. xxiv, 440 pp. (General
Series, 65.) $10, Princeton University Press,
Princeton, N.J.
Dr. Long, Professor of Economics at the Johns
Hopkins University, has had extensive experience
in the analysis and uses of labor force data both
in government and private research organiza
tions. His new book reflects this experience and
fills gaps in our “knowledge of labor force be
havior and at the same time [seeks] some unified
explanation for that behavior.” The study is an
empirical investigation in which the author uses
a vast amount of statistics from the censuses of
population of the United States, Great Britain,
Canada, New Zealand, and Germany for periods
ranging up to a century or longer.
The author centers his analysis in three ques
tions: (1) How, and to what extent do changes
in income and employment influence labor force
participation? (2) Are the income and employ
ment influences sufficiently strong to stand out
over other possible influences ? (3) Can labor force
behavior be explained by any other possible single
factor, or does the explanation lie in some com
bination of social, demographic, and economic
forces ?
The basic method used by Dr. Long in his
analyses involves detailed correlation of labor
force participation rates with other relevant eco
nomic and social data. These cover such charac
teristics as age, sex, color, nativity, marriage,
military status, child care responsibility of
women, rural and urban residence, the density
of population and size of cities, income, school
attendance, educational attainment, employment
status of wife, hours of work, length of work
week, benefits under private retirement systems,
and social security. Comparisons are made
among the different nations as of one time, as
well as over a period of time within the same
nation. For the United States, analyses are also
made of 38 cities; this analysis extends the work
done by Senator Paul Douglas some 25 years ago.
To assure comparability of the data among na
tions and over time, the author standardizes the
various series used in his study.
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Perhaps the outstanding single conclusion
reached by the author is that “the overall labor
force participation rate [after standardization
for urban-rural residence, age, etc.] has been
rather impressively stable from one high employ
ment census year to another.” This holds true
for the United States since 1890, at least, and for
similar lengthy periods in the other four coun
tries studied. For individual cities in the United
States, the same type of stability in the overall
labor force participation has not been shown.
With regard to cities, the author finds, as was dis
covered by Paul Douglas, that the changes in
the proportion of a city’s population in the labor
force (i.e., its participation rate) appear to be
inversely associated with changes in average in
come per equivalent adult male worker.
Statistically, the stability of the overall labor
force participation rate is attributable to off
setting trends in the labor force behavior of men
and women. In all the five countries studied,
the female labor force participation rate has in
creased over most of the decades since 1890, while
the rate for males declined during this period.
The declines for males occurred simultaneously
with increases in income for adult male workers
and do not appear to have been affected by
changes in the age composition of the male popu
lation. The largest decline generally occurred
among men age 65 and over, with the next largest
decrease shown by young men under 25. There
was also a drop in the participation rate for
males 25 to 64 in almost all of the countries
studied.
The author’s analysis also shows that the data
do not support the theory often held that net
additions to the labor force accompany a depres
sion. To the contrary, the statistics show that
during depressions, the number of people leaving
the labor force is greater than those “driven into
it by joblessness of family breadwinners.”
Professor Long raises the question as to whether
the rather marked stability in the overall partici
pation rates among the five countries studied could
not be “due to some systematic tendency for the
internal changes to offset each other.” He finds
some statistical indications to support this thesis.
The hypothesis is advanced that the increased par
ticipation rate among women may have “forced”
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
young and elderly males from the labor force and
to some extent, the women may have been drawn
into the labor force because of the “vacuum left
by the exodus of males for other reasons.”
The author recognizes that he has not found
complete answers to the questions he set for him
self. In part, this is attributable, as the author
recognizes, to the fact that his analysis did not
take into account all the demographic, economic,
and social factors (some of which are not meas
urable statistically) which could have influenced
labor force behavior. I t probably would have
been desirable if more attention could have been
given to the effect on labor participation rates of
the changes in industrial patterns and on the in
troduction of the mechanized and assembly line
type of operations, both in manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing activities. These changes
could have had an important bearing on the de
cline in the male labor force participation rate
and the increase in the female rate. I t is not
easy to answer the questions posed by the author
in view of the magnitude of the problem and the
complexity of the human motivation reflected in
labor force behavior. He has, nonetheless, made
a contribution to the knowledge of the dynamics
of the labor force as a result of his detailed and
painstaking statistical analysis.
—Louis L e v in e
Office of Program Review and Analysis
Bureau of Employment Security
C o m p u lso ry T e m p o ra ry D is a b ility In surance in
the U n ite d S ta te s. By Grant M. Osborn.
Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin, Inc. (for
S. S. Huebner Foundation for Insurance
Education, University of Pennsylvania),
1958.
232 p p .
$5.
Grant Osborn has compiled a useful report on
the experience and problems which have arisen
with cash sickness benefits, here and abroad.
Professor Osborn analyzes the provisions of
the five operative United States laws—Rhode Is
land, California, New Jersey, New York, and
railroads—as well as the voluntary plans. He
touches on the major controversial issues includ
ing the differences between the private insurance
companies and employer attitudes on the one
hand, and the views of labor organizations on the
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801
other. There is a good bibliography and index,
and the material is well organized for ready use.
The book is oriented to the problems and issues
most usually perceived by those in the private in
surance field. Nevertheless, the author is not
bound by all the traditional ideologies of the pri
vate insurance profession. He might shock the
private insurance advocates by his conclusion
supporting a uniform tax instead of individualemployer experience rating. He urges the pri
vate insurance carriers, in the “interest of good
public relations . . . to cooperate wholeheartedly
in protecting the State fund against [adverse]
selection.”
In this reviewer’s opinion, Osborn does go off
the deep end, however, when he concludes that
“stronger support for coordination of disability
insurance with workmen’s compensation is pro
vided by the almost unanimously agreed upon
success of the administration of the New York
Disability Benefits Law. No major administra
tive changes have been found necessary, nor has
there been any serious criticism of the law’s ad
ministration.” A major reason for the lack of
objective criticism of the New York law is the
failure or inability to obtain detailed information
on how the law really works. Therefore, it is
hardly reasonable to conclude that lack of criti
cism clearly establishes the validity of the work
men’s compensation approach. Osborn fails to
recognize the need for a complete and objective
review of the entire New York law.
Insofar as Osborn establishes the criteria that
temporary disability insurance should be adminis
tered by an existing agency and one experienced
in dealing with disabled claimants, his argument
leads as well to the conclusion that it should be
administered in conjunction with the permanenttotal disability insurance provisions in the Fed
eral social security program. He touches very
briefly on this issue in a concluding section dealing
generally with arguments for and against Federal
action. A careful evaluation of the possible re
lationship between temporary and permanent dis
ability insurance is most important as a likely
next step in the evolution of social insurance.
— W ilbur J. C o h e n
Professor of Public Welfare Administration
University of Michigan
802
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
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By Lynn A. Emerson. Washington, U.S.
of Business, University of Chicago, Graduate School
of Business, Chicago, April 1959, pp. 151-163. $2.25.)
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c e n tiv e s .
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Directors.) By Homer T. Rosenberger. Washing
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pp. (Pamphlet 16.) $1.
F o r m a l E d u c a tio n P r o g r a m s f o r L o c a l G o v e r n m e n t E m
p lo y e e s . By Beatrice Dinerman and Eugene P.
Dvorin. ( I n Public Personnel Review, Chicago, Jan
uary 1959, pp. 33-37.
$2.)
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burgh, Pa., University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958. 32
pp.
R e p o r t o n H ig h e r E d u c a tio n in th e S o v i e t U n io n .
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R e c o v e r y , G r o w th , a n d P r ic e s . By Robert H. Persons.
( I n Business Record, National Industrial Conference
H ealth and Medical Care
Board, Inc., New York, February 1959, pp. 82-86.)
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C o m p a n y M e d ic a l a n d H e a l t h P r o g r a m s .
T e n Y e a r s o f G r o w th in H a w a ii ' s E c o n o m y , 1 9 ^ 8 -5 8 .
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P o lic ie s f o r S o u n d E c o n o m ic G r o w th : 1 0 th A n n u a l E c o
n o m ic R e v i e w .
Paris, Organization for European
Economic Cooperation, 1959. 133 pp. $1.50, O.E.E.C.
Mission, Washington.
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m u n ity , J a n u a r y 1, 1958, to S e p te m b e r 17, 1958.
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A m e r ic a n M e d ic a l A s s o c i a t io n \ — F in d in g s , C o n c lu
s io n s , a n d R e c o m m e n d a tio n s .
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American Medical Association, Chicago, Special Is
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o f H e a lth P r o g r a m s a n d S e r v ic e s a n d T h e ir I n t e r r e l a
tio n s h ip s '] : P t. I , M a n a g e m e n t H e a l t h P r o g r a m s ;
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S e r v i c e s ; P t. V , P u b lic U n d e r s ta n d in g a n d A c c e p t
a n c e o f H e a l t h P r o g r a m s . By Leona Baumgarten,
M.D., and Margaret C. Klem. ( I n Industrial Medi
E c o n o m ic P la n n in g in th e U n io n o f S o v i e t S o c i a li s t R e
p u b lic s — F i r s t S e v e n - Y e a r P la n , 1 9 5 9 -6 5 . ( I n Indus-
cine and Surgery, Chicago, December 1958, pp. 627633; February 1959, pp. 74-82; April 1959, pp. 189199. $1.25 each issue.)
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pp. Available from Information Service of the Euro
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uments, Washington.
M e d ic a l C a r e I n s u r a n c e in th e N e th e r la n d s .
The
Income and Income Distribution
U .S . I n c o m e a n d O u tp u t— A S u p p le m e n t to th e S u r v e y o f
C u r r e n t B u s in e s s . Washington, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Office of Business Economics, 1959.
241 pp.
$1.50, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
F a m il y I n c o m e i n N e w Y o r k S t a t e , 1956, b y A g e , W o r k
E x p e r ie n c e , a n d W a g e a n d S a l a r y E a r n in g s o f th e
H e a d o f th e F a m ily , a n d S o u r c e s o f F a m il y In c o m e .
New York, Interdepartmental Committee on Low In
comes, 1959. 20 pp. (Bull. 1, Pt. 2.) Free.
I n c o m e D i s t r i b u t i o n b y S i z e [ o f I n c o m e ], 1 9 5 5 -5 8 . By
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W e a lth in t h e U n ite d S t a t e s a n d G r e a t B r i t a in . By
Harold Lydall and John B. Lansing. { I n American
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43-67. $1.50.)
Industrial Relations
Minneapolis,
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1958. 24 pp.
I n d u s t r i a l R e la t i o n s C e n te r C h a r t B o o k .
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versity, [1959?]. 102 pp.
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1 9 5 7 -5 8 . [Albany], 1958. 230 pp. (Legislative Doc.,
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d e r S u b s e c tio n 801 { a ) o f th e T a f t- H a r t l e y A c t. { I n
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pp. 153-176. $1.50.)
T h e L a tv o f th e C o lle c tiv e A g r e e m e n t. By Charles O.
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March 1959, pp. 635-654. $1.50.)
Manpower
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York, State Interdepartmental Committee on Low
Incomes, 1959. 19 pp. (Bull. 5.) Free.
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E m p lo y e r F o r e c a s ts o f F u tu r e L a b o r R e q u i r e m e n t s : A
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b y E m p lo y e r s in th e D u r h a m , N o r th C a r o lin a , L a b o r
M a rk et A rea .
Raleigh, Employment Security of
North Carolina, 1958. 33 pp.
R e p o r t on F a r m L a b o r : P u b lic H e a r in g s o f th e N a tio n a l
A d v is o r y C o m m itte e on F a r m L a b o r , W a s h in g to n ,
F e b r u a r y 5 - 6 ,1 9 5 9 . New York, the Committee, 1959.
40 pp.
T h e [ C a n a d ia n ] L a b o r F o rc e , N o v e m b e r 1 9 .]5 -J u l y 1958.
Ottawa, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Special Sur
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rev.) $2, Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.
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Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards,
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Personnel Management. By Michael J. Jucius. Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1959. 763 pp.
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Know Your Social Security. By Arthur Larson. New
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Compilation of the Social Security Laws, Including the
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Social Security Programs Throughout the World, 1958.
Washington, U.S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, Social Security Administration, 1958.
93 pp. $1, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
New Dimensions in Social Security— [A Symposium].
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Chicago, American Public Welfare Association,
[1958]. 14 pp. 30 cents.
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Wage Determination: An Analysis of Wage Criteria.
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Management’s Stake in Research. By Maurice Holland
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805
Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, Pa., May
1959, pp. 1-159. $2; $1.50 to Academy members.)
F a r m P la c e m e n t U t i li z e s A l l S e r v ic e s — [ A S y m p o siu m '].
( I n Employment Security Review, U.S. Department
v
of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, U.S. Em
ployment Service, Washington, February 1959, pp.
3-44. 20 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
P a r t n e r s h i p f o r P r o g r e s s : I n te r n a t io n a l T e c h n ic a l Co
o p e r a tio n — [A S y m p o s iu m ] . Edited by Richard W.
Gable. ( I n Annals of the American Academy of
Washing
ton, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1959. 37 pp. Free.
F o r e ig n L a b o r I n f o r m a ti o n : L a b o r in T u r k e y .
By W.S. and E.S. Woytinsky.
Washington, Public Affairs Institute, 1959. 102 pp.
L e s s o n s o f th e R e c e s s io n s .
$ 2.
Union Conventions, August 16 to September 15, 1959
Date
August 17_
August 18_
August 25 _
Organization
Place
American Federation of Teachers_______________ Minneapolis, Minn.
National Alliance of Postal Employees (Ind.)_____ Atlantic City, N.J.
International Association of Marble, Slate and Washington, D.C.
Stone Polishers, Rubbers & Sawyers, Tile and
Marble Setters Helpers & Terrazzo Helpers.
August 30_____ Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Chicago, 111.
Union.
August 31_____ Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paper- Cleveland, Ohio
hangers of America.
August 31____
International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Montreal, Canada
Paper Mill Workers.
Ottawa, Canada
September 5 __ International Association of Siderographers_____
September 5 __ Friendly Society of Engravers and Sketchmakers Providence, R.I.
(Ind.).
September 9 __ Building and Construction Trades Department, San Francisco,
Calif.
AFL-CIO.
September 14__ Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters____________ Chicago, 111.
September 14 __ International Stereotypers' and Electrotypers’ New Orleans, La.
Union of North America.
September 14 _ _ Amalgamated Lithographers of America (Ind.)__ Portland, Oreg.
September 14__ National Association of Post Office and Postal Rochester, N.Y.
Transportation Service Mail Handlers, Watch
men and Messengers.
September 14 __ Amalgamated Association of Street, Electric Rail Miami Beach, Fla.
way and Motor Coach Employes of America.
San Francisco,
September 14 _ _ Metal Trades Department, AFL-CIO__________
Calif.
September 15 __ Maritime Trades Department, AFL-CIO_______ San Francisco,
Calif.
511024— 59-
6
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Current Labor Statistics
¥
CONTENTS
A.—Employment
808 Table A -l.
809 Table A-2.
813 Table A-3.
Table Ah L
Table A-5.
817 Table A-6.
818 Table A-7.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establish
ments, by industry
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State 1
Employees in manufacturing, by State 1
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of
unemployment compensation for Federal employees, by geographic
division and State
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected
operations
B.—Labor Turnover
Table B -l. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing2
Table B-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry2
C.—Earnings and Hours
819 Table C -l.
834 Table C-2.
835 Table C-3.
835 Table C-4.
836 Table C-5.
837 Table C-6.
Table C-7.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
by industry
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc
tion activities
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls in industrial and construction
activities
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by
State and selected areas 1
1 This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.
• The labor turnover tables (B -l and B-2) have been dropped from the Review pending a general revision of the Current Labor Statistics section because,
beginning with January 1959 data, the categories for which labor turnover rates are published differ from those previously published. Current data are avail
able monthly in Employment and Earnings or may be obtained upon request.
806
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CURRENT LABOR STATISTICS
807
CONTENTS—Continued
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
838 Table D -l. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: All items and
major groups of items
839 Table D-2. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Food, housing,
apparel, transportation, and their subgroups
839 Table D-3. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Special groups
of items
840 Table D-4. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Retail prices
and indexes of selected foods
841 Table D-5. Consumer Price Index—All items indexes, by city
842 Table D-6. Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
843 Table D-7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
844 Table D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
845 Table D—9. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
846 Table D-10. Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing
846 Table D -ll. Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product
E.—Work Stoppages
847 Table E -l.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
F.-—Building and Construction3
848 Table F -l.
849 Table F-2.
850 Table F-3.
850 Table F-4.
851 Table F-5.
852 Table F—6.
Expenditures for new construction
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of
construction
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership,
class of construction, and type of building
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan
location and State
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by owner
ship and location, and construction cost
G.—Work Injuries
853 Table G -l. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries4
» Responsibility for the collection and compilation of all statistics on housing and construction activity was shifted from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to
Future issues of the Review w ill no longer include the building and construc
tion tables (F -l through F-6). These series are being continued by the Bureau of the Census and current data may be obtained from that agency.
4 This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the Review.
th e Bureau of the Census of the U.S. Department of Commerce on July 1, 1959.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
808
A.—Employment
T able
A -l.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
E s tim a te d n u m b e r of p erso n s 14 y ea r s of age a n d o v er 1
1958
1959
E m p lo y m e n t s ta tu s
M ay
A pr.
M ar.
Feb.
Jan.
N ov.8
D ec.
S e p t.
O ct.
A ug.
A n n u a l a v era ge
J u ly
June
M ay
1958
1957«
T o ta l, b o th sex es
Total labor force____________________ 71, 955 71, 210 70,768 70, 062 70,027 70, 701 71,112 71, 743 71,375 72,703 73,104 73,049 71,603
71,284
70,746
68, 965
4,904
1, 778
930
444
1,346
605
64, 061
57, 789
45, 619
7, 147
3, 224
1,799
6,272
4, 452
1,370
348
103
68, 647
4, 681
1, 833
959
438
785
667
63,906
58, 122
44, 873
7,324
3, 047
2, 876
5, 844
3, 827
1,361
457
199
67,946
2,938
1,485
650
240
321
239
65,011
58, 789
46, 238
6,953
2, 777
2, 821
6,222
4,197
1, 413
416
196
Total labor force____________________ 48,945 48, 653 48, 360 48, 073 47,981 48,190 48,418 48, 756 48, 759 50, 017 50,359 50,005 48,858
Civilian labor force--------------------------Unemployment___________________
Unemployed 4 weeks or less.........
Unemployed 5-10 weeks-----------Unemployed 11-14 weeks_______
Unemployed 15-26 weeks_______
Unemployed over 26 weeks-------Employm ent_____________________
Nonagricultural_______________
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours________
Worked 1-14 hours-------------With a job but not at work *.
Agricultural___________________
W orked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours________
Worked 1-14 hours_________
W ith a job but not at work A
69,405
3, 389
1,405
601
263
515
605
66, 016
59, 608
47,935
6,431
3,349
1,891
6,408
4, 489
1,455
348
117
68. 639
3, 627
1,382
565
283
675
723
65, 012
59,163
47, 287
6, 615
3, 420
1,839
5,848
3, 858
1,387
425
179
68, 189
4, 362
1,365
823
629
767
777
63. 828
58, 625
46, 292
6. 915
3, 496
1,920
5. 203
3, 226
1,273
523
181
67, 471
4, 749
1,600
1,176
509
727
737
62, 722
58,030
44, 968
7, 745
3,424
1,894
4, 692
2, 677
1,217
479
318
67,430
4,724
1,861
1,044
444
557
818
62, 706
58, 013
46,044
6,880
3,288
1,801
4,693
2,772
1,132
504
285
68, 485
3,833
1,632
695
272
499
735
64,653
58,958
44,114
9,915
3,146
1,783
5,695
3, 750
1,369
390
187
68, 081
4, 108
1, 706
771
328
520
782
63, 973
59,102
47,076
6,960
3,313
1, 753
4,871
2,845
1, 266
522
238
69, 111
3,805
1,522
667
225
581
811
65, 306
58, 902
46,522
7, 221
3,062
2, 094
6, 404
4, 690
1, 212
376
126
68, 740
4, 111
1, 569
644
436
573
888
64, 629
58, 438
40, 719
6, 381
2, 751
2, 586
6,191
4,263
1. 348
439
144
70,067
4, 699
1, 716
933
399
678
972
65, 367
58, 746
44, 440
6,099
2, 522
5, 684
6,621
4,668
1, 339
405
209
70,473
5, 294
2,069
1,198
357
798
872
65,179
58, 461
42,289
6, 336
2, 749
7,087
6,718
4, 442
1, 564
485
228
70, 418
5, 437
2, 569
875
372
931
689
64, 981
58,081
45, 352
6,668
2, 863
3,198
6. 900
4,861
1,533
399
107
Males
48, 802
48, 649
46. 252
3, 266
42, 986
37, 962
31, 862
3, 555
1,395
1, 151
5,024
3,930
753
247
93
46,197
3,155
43, 042
38,240
31,390
3, 736
1,329
1, 784
4,802
3,413
857
353
179
45, 882
1,893
43,989
38, 952
32, 546
3,461
1,197
1,748
5.037
3,716
842
309
171
1
Total labor force____________________ 23,010 ¡22,557 22. 408 21,989 22,046 22, 510 22, 695 22,987 22,017 22, 686 22,745 23,043 22,745
22, 482
22,097
22,451
1,526
20, 924
19,882
13, 483
3. 589
1, 718
1,093
1,042
414
504
104
20
22,064
1,043
21,021
19,837
13, 692
3, 491
1, 580
1,073
1,184
482
571
107
25
Civilian labor force__________________ 46,427
Unemployment___________________ 2,085
Employm ent_____________________ 44, 342
Nonagricultural----------------------- 39,291
Worked 35 hours or more----- 33, 630
Worked 15-34 hours________ 2,953
Worked 1-14 hours.................. 1,540
With a job but not at work «. 1,167
Agricultural---------------------------- 5,051
Worked 35 hours or more___ 3,933
Worked 15-34 hours________
760
264
Worked 1-14 hours_________
With a job but not at work *_
95
46.114
2,317
43,798
38, 898
33,049
3,157
1, 551
1,139
4, 900
3, 545
868
333
155
45, 813
2. 971
42, 842
38, 338
32, 307
3, 330
1, 504
1,194
4, 505
3, 001
906
428
172
45, 514
3, 359
42,156
37, 991
31,433
3,882
1,456
1,220
4,165
2, 509
928
425
303
45,417
3,282
42,135
37, 981
32,005
3,434
1,399
1,143
4,154
2, 582
854
448
270
45, 601
2, 902
42, 699
38, 464
32, 423
3,418
1, 414
1,210
4,235
2, 644
933
443
216
45,822
2, 504
43, 318
38,614
30,966
5,160
1,294
1,195
4, 704
3,362
866
308
168
46,155
2, 454
43, 701
38, 693
32, 547
3, 505
1,261
1, 378
5,008
3, 961
660
281
106
46,155
2,615
43, 539
38, 623
32, 714
3, 119
1,122
1,669
4,916
3,691
787
313
126
47,412
3, 081
44, 331
39,040
31,608
3,065
1,154
3, 214
5,291
4, 058
742
307
184
47, 759
3,513
44,247
38, 901
30,078
3, 362
1,312
4, 149
5, 346
3,906
912
330
198
47, 406
3,521
43, 884
38,588
32, 141
3,418
1,246
1, 782
5,296
4,214
733
261
89
F e m a le s
Civilian labor force__________________ 22,978
Unemployment___________________ fi 304
Employm ent_______ ______________ 21, 674
N onagricultural_______________ 20,317
Worked 35 hours or more __ 14,305
Worked 15-34 hou rs............... 3, 478
Worked 1-14 hours_________ 1,809
With a job but not at work
723
Agricultural____ ______ ________ 1,358
Worked 35 hours or more___
556
Worked 15-34 hours________
696
Worked 1-14 hours_________
84
With a job but not at work *.
22
22, 525
1,310
21, 214
20, 265
14, 239
3,458
1, 869
699
949
314
519
92
25
22, 376
1.391
20,985
20, 287
13,985
3, 586
1,992
725
698
225
367
95
10
21,957
i; 391
20, 566
20. 039
13, 534
3,863
1,968
673
527
168
290
54
15
22,013
1,442
20,571
20,032
Ili 039
3,446
1,889
658
539
190
278
56
15
> E s tim a te s are b a se d on In fo r m a tio n o b ta in e d from a s a m p le o f h o u se h o ld s
an d are su b je c t to s a m p lin g v a r ia b ility . D a t a re la te to th e ca len d a r w eek
e n d in g n earest th e 15th d a y o f th e m o n th . T h e e m p lo y e d to ta l In c lu d es a ll
w age an d sa la r y w ork ers, s e lf-e m p lo y e d p erso n s, a n d u n p a id w ork ers in
fa m ily -o p e r a te d en te r p r ise s. P e r so n s in in s titu tio n s a re n o t in c lu d e d .
B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s d o n o t n e c e ssa r ily eq u a l
to ta ls.
* B e g in n in g w it h J a n u a r y 1957, tw o gro u p s n u m b e r in g b e tw e e n 200,000 a n d
300,000 w h ic h w ere form er ly cla ssified as e m p lo y e d (u n d e r “ w it h a jo b b u t
n o t a t w o r k ” ) w ere a ssig n e d to d iffer en t c la ssific a tio n s, m o s tly to th e u n e m
p lo y e d . F o r a fu ll e x p la n a tio n , see M o n t h ly R e p o r t o n th e L a b o r F o r ce,
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22, 479
1,206
21, 273
20, 638
14, 653
3, 542
1,900
544
635
201
333
80
21
22,663
1,329
21,334
20,343
13,147
4, 755
1,852
589
991
388
503
82
19
22,956
1,351
21, 605
20, 209
13, 975
3,717
1,801
716
1,396
729
552
95
21
22, 586
1.496
21 090
19,815
14.006
3,263
1,629
918
1, 275
572
561
123
18
22, 655
1,619
21,036
19, 706
12, 833
3,035
1,368
2. 471
1,330
610
597
98
25
22, 714
1,781
20, 933
19, 560
12,211
2.974
1,437
2,939
1,373
536
652
156
29
23,012
1,915
21,096
19, 493
13, 210
3,250
1,617
1,416
1,603
647
801
138
18
22.713
1,638
21,075
19, 826
13, 757
3,592
1,829
648
1,249
522
617
100
10
F e b r u a r y 1957 (C u r r e n t P o p u la tio n R e p o r ts , L a b o r F o r c e , Series P -5 7 ,
N o . 176).
• S u r v e y w e e k c o n ta in e d le g a l h o lid a y .
4
In c lu d e s p erson s w h o h a d a jo b or b u sin e ss b u t w h o d id n o t w o r k d u r in g
th e s u r v e y w eek b eca u se o f illn e s s , b a d w e a th e r , v a c a tio n , or la b o r d is p u te .
P r io r to J a n u a r y 1957, also I n c lu d e d w ere p erson s o n la y o ff w it h d e fin ite
in s tr u c tio n s to re tu rn to w o rk w it h in 30 d a y s o f la y o ff a n d person s w h o h ad
n e w jo b s to w h ic h t h e y w ere s c h e d u le d to report w it h in 30 d a y s . M o s t erf
th e p erso n s in th e se gro u p s h a v e , s in c e t h a t tim e , b e e n c la ssifie d as u n e m
p lo y e d .
So
u rce
:
U .8. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
A.—EMPLOYMENT
T able A-2.
809
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
May2 Apr.2 Mar.
Total emplovees ........ .............
692
96.0
34.1
30.5
12.4
688
93.5
32.5
29.3
12.5
693
93.5
31.1
30.5
12.5
14.8
175.0
16.4
179.6
18.1
188.2
297.5
293.9
292.2 296.3
179.8
179.7
180.2
181.1
111.8
109.1
104.3
101.4
102.6
137.4
137.5
138.1
137.2
137.3
658.1
175.7
Orude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
duction____________________ .
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)_________
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying____
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
51,956 51,414 50, 878 50,315 50,310 51,935 51, 432 51,136 51, 237 50, 576 50,178 50, 413 49,949 50, 543 52,162
Mining. . . . __________________
698
Metal___________________________
97.0
Iron___________________________
Copper___ _____________________
Lead and zinc____________________ —
Anthracite________________________
Bituminous coal___________________
Feb.
704
93.6
30.9
30.2
12.7
713
93.4
30.3
30.2
12.7
712
93.7
31.2
29.6
12.1
708
90.6
31.9
27.5
11.1
711
90.7
31.8
28.4
11.4
708
88.8
29.9
27.7
11.5
705
90. f
30.4
27.1
12.1
717
92.9
30.4
28.2
13.3
711
91.7
28.7
28.2
13.7
721
93.1
30.8
28.6
12.9
19. 5 19.6
192.4 192.2
19.5
190.5
19.3
189.1
18.5
187.2
18.1
184.5
19.4
179.6
19.2
190.1
20.0
192.2
20.3
195.2
28.4
230.0
300.7
296.7
296.6
301.5
304.7
302.9 303.2
297.8 302.6
326.2
182.7
182.9
184.0
187.8
190.4
190.8
190.4
187.8
188.0
193.8
107.3
111.2
112.4
113.0
111.6
112.4
111.8
109.5
109.3
136.1
133.9
129.2
130.4
128.5
127.2
125.4
123.5
126.7
129.3
630.9 617.5
80.6 81.8
313.1 304.8
645.2 659.3
96.2 100.3
317.2 324.5
655.1
99.0
324.4
645.7
94.7
323.7
637.0 643.3
92.8 100.2
320.0 318.4
606,6 621.7
81.1 8 6 .2
307.1 311.0
654.6
87.1
331.6
136.1
44.4
56.7
133.4
44.9
53.5
133.6
45.2
52.9
131.4
43.6
52.3
128.0
44.6
51.6
127.0
45,6
52.1
121.3
45.2
61.9
127.1
44.7
52.7
128.7
49.7
57.5
369.9 360.2
266.4 258.4
345.5
248.6
346. 4 343.0 357.9
246.5 244.7 257.1
375.6
265.9
809
111.2
38.9
32.6
16.7
113.3
Contract construction........... ......... .......
2,840 2,656 2,417 2,256 2,343 2,486 2,784 2,887 2,927 2,955 2,882 2,806 2,685 2,648 2,808
Nonbuilding construction___________
437
566
472
419
506
605
652
672
656
569
586
647
611
670
Highway and street construction..........
252.7 194.0 164.3 175.7 217.0 286.7 317.3 328.4 326.1 318.1 311.1 280.6 256.0 250.1
Other nonbuilding construction _
313.1 277.6 254.6 261.6 289.0 318.1 335.1 343.5 343.6 337.7 335.8 330.0 313.2 335.6
Building construction_______________
2, 090 1,945 1,837 1,906 1,980 2,179 2,235 2,255 2,285 2,226 2,159 2,074 2,079 2,222
General contractors_______________
741.8 671.8 623.5 650.8 677.8 769.0 789.2 802.1 825.0 811.0 789.4 764.0 750.6 869.3
Special-trade contractors___________
1,348.5 1,273.2 1,213.2 1,255. 3 1, 302. 5 1,410.3 1,445.3 1, 453.0 l, 459. 5 1,414. 9 1,369.8 1, 309.9 1.328.6 1,352.7
Plumbing and heating___________ —
301.8 292.6 287.6 295.8 308.6 315.3 323.7 321.9 318.7 311.6 299.6 285.9 303.6 321.7
Painting and decorating__________
177.0 154.0 141.5 147.8 163.8 181.6 189.4 193.5 200.7 197.4 180.4 171.2 169.6 164.2
Electrical work_________________
160.8 160.4 165.6 170.9 177.4 179.3 183.9 187. 1 182.2 173.9 166.9 162.6 173.2 188.9
Other special-trade contractors_____
708.9 666.2 618.5 640.8 652.7 734.1 748.3 750.5 757.9 732.0 722.9 690.2 682.2 677.9
PiÆssmufacturing______________________ 16,135 16,029 15,969 15,771 15,674 15,749 15,795 15,536 15,755 15,462 15,161 15,206 15,023 15,468 16,782
Durable goods
9,414 9, 309 9, 217 9,060 8,990 8,989 8,982 8, 663 8, 814 8, 571 8,496 8,564 8, 480 8,743 9,821
Nondurable goods
6, 721 6,720 6, 752 6, 711 6,684 6, 760 6,813 6,873 6,941 6,891 6,665 6,642 6, 543 6,725 6,961
D u ra b le çoods
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)__________________
Logging camps and contractors...... ......
Sawmills and planing mills_________
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products_________
Wooden containers___ ____________
Miscellaneous wood products_______
601.8 612.4 630.3
75.1 81.4 89.4
300.1 302.7 309.8
131.5 128.5 130.2 132.8
44.0 43.8 44.3 44.8
55.4 54.3 53.8 53.5
377.9 376.7 374.4 369.8
276.0 275.3 272.4 267.5
44.9 44.4 44.6 44.8
33.1
33.7 34.1 34.2
135.1
45.7
53.7
Furniture and fixtures______________
377.0
Household furniture______________
Office, public-building, and profes
sional furniture_________________ —
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fix
tures.................. ................................
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures____________
378.6
276.3
24.1
23.9
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.2
23.3
22.9
22.5
22.0
8tone. clav. and glass products
Flat glass..... ........................................
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown..
Glass products made of purchased glass
Cement, hvdraulic______________
Structural clay products___________
Pottery and related products_______
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod
ucts____ ____________________
Cut-stone and stone products_______
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products______________________
543.2
33.5
99.0
17.8
41.8
74.6
45.9
531.2
33.6
97.1
18.2
40.6
71.2
45.8
509.7
24.1
95.2
17.6
38.5
68.9
45.2
507.2
23.5
93.7
17.4
39.4
70.1
44.6
519.0
23.3
96.0
17.3
41.7
74.2
45.1
522.1
22.4
96.4
17.3
42.3
75.1
45.3
519.4
16.4
97.6
17.3
42.8
76.0
44.7
535.0
31.9
98.9
16.7
43.1
75.9
43.9
526.3
30.3
96.9
16.0
42.6
76.1
42.6
519.4
28.3
97.3
15.6
42.6
75.2
42.1
115.4
17.7
110.2
17.8
107.8
17.8
107.1
17.9
110.1
18.3
112.6
18.5
114.1
19.0
116.3
19.0
115.4
18.3
112.9
18.7
110.8
18.4
97.5
96.7
94.6
93.5
93.0
92.2
91.5
89.3
88.1
86.7
87.1
553.5
45.1
33.1
373.5 374.3
271.1 271.7
45.0
44.8
45.6
44.5
41.2
42.3
41.9
43.8
48.0
34.2
34.5
35.0
34.8
33.7
34.3
33 9
34.5
37.9
23.3
22.5
22.5
23.8
513.4 501.8
27.7 26.3
95.9 93.6
15.4 15.1
43 2 42.7
73.0 71.2
41.9 41.9
514.5
27.3
95.5
16.3
42.0
73.1
43.9
652.5
34.7
98.8
17.9
42.0
80.4
49.8
107.5
17.9
108.8
18.3
112.0
85.6
89.3
97.9
19.0
Primary metal Industries____________ 1,273. 2 1,255. 5 1,231.4 1,194.9 1,165. 5 1,155.4 1,139. 7 1,107. 7 1,103.3 1,073.2 1,060.9 1,070.5 1,053.4 1,104.4 1,309.7
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills.._______ ______________
633.7 618.4 591.7 569. 3 564.2 557.9 554.5 540.7 525.4 516.5 523.9 508.1 536.7 642.7
Iron and steel foundries____________ —
225.2 220.0 215.0 210.8 208.2 203.5 188.3 194.1 185.8 189.0 189.6 189.7 197.4 233.8
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_________________
53.8 54.7 54.9 54.9 55.1 54.3 53.5 53.4 53.8 53.7 53.9 55.3 56.2 68.1
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals___________ ___
12.1
12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 11.8 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.1
10.9 10.9 11.5 13.2
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals__________________
115.0 112.6 110.2 110.2 110.0 108.7 106.8 105.6 104.9 103.6 102.9 101.1 105.5 115.3
Nonferrous foundries... _
J
64.1 63.6 62.9 62.4 62.1 61.5 58.7 58.9 56.0 53.2 54.5 53.9 57.7 71.4
Miscellaneous primary metal indus- 1
tries................................ .................. 1........... 151.6 150.0 148.2 146.0 144.0 142.0 134.4 139.2 136.0 133.8 134.8 134.4 139.4 165.2
B ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
810
T able A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
M ay8 Apr.1
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods —Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportstlon equipment)---------------------------- 1,084.2 1,074.3 1063.3 L, 049.2 [, 052.8 1,057.6 ,061.2 1,028.2 1,056. 5 1,022. 3
57.2
59.1
56.8
55.3
59.3
63.2
62.3
58 3
55.6
Tin nans and other tinware_______ ___
134.3 135.6 135.2 136.1 136.2 134.4 115.6 131.5 124.5
Cutlery hand tools and hardware____
Heating’ apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies------------------- ______ 116. 4 115. 6 113.1 109.0 109.2 112.5 113.9 112.5 110.1
290.9 285.8 283.2 288.0 294.8 298. 5 304.8 308.8 307.1
M etal stamping, coating, and engrav229.7 228.7 224.1 227.1 226.4 223.3 207.8 217.1 202.2
lXIg------ - -----49.0
48.5
48.0
48.2
43.8
43.3
48. 0
46.0
48.0
57.4
57.3
56.7
55.8
55.2
51.4
56.0
53.0
56.8
Fabricated wire products......................... ______
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod137.5 134.6 132.1 132.2 131.7 130.2 127.8 125.3 120.5
net**
998.1 ., 004.4
61.2
59.9
121.4 124.8
987.2 L, 029.9 1,132.3
57.6
59 1
58.2
121.6 128.3 144.9
106.3
303.8
107.0
301.6
105.8
296 9
109.3
303.0
110.0
325.2
199.0
41.7
60.0
202.0
42.5
50.1
198. 8
41. 4
49.4
210 7
44 7
52.4
245 3
51 4
69.0
114.7
116.5
115.7
123 3
137
Machinery (except electrical)---------------- 1,615.8 1, 593.4 1, 576.7 1,550.4 1, 513. 8 1,493.9 1, 474. 7 1,461.6 1, 466. 4 1,436.9 1, 449.8 1,471.9 1, 485. 5 1, 501.2 1, 737.
100.6 100.4
99.2
96.4
91.2
92.3
90.2
89.2
92.1
90 0
QO
97 2
95. 9
93 1
161.1 158.8 153.2 132 7 123.9 123.1 139. 5 138.2 134.7 136.1 136.0 136.8 130 9
Construction and mining machinery... ______ 129.1 128.0 125.6 123.7 120.2 114.1 115.7 116.9 118.5 119.0 118.7 119.6 122.0 153.
Metalworking m ach in ery............. ......... ______ 233.7 230.0 224.5 220.5 218.5 215.1 209.2 210.8 205.6 211.6 218.1 225.3 223.7 287/
Special-industry machinery (except
161. 5 160.8 158. 9 157.3 156.1 155.4 154.8 155. 4 155/ 154.3 156.8 158.6 159 6 131
General industrial machinery------------- ______ 218.0 214.9 213.4 213.8 213.0 212.2 211.0 212.6 211.6 212.5 217.8 219.0 220.1 254/
131.3 130.3 129.5 129.0 130.6 130 3 129.1 127 2 124.1 123. 6 124.2 122.1 124.9 137/
Service-industry and household ma185.4 184.3 181.7 177.7 173.6 171.2 165.9 165.2 158,5 163. 8 165.7 167.2 168. 9 139
chines____ _______________________
272.7 269.2 264.4 261 9 261.6 257.4 245.2 247. 8 238.6 239.7 244.6 244.8 952 0
Electrical machinery.............................. — 1, 200.3 1,188.9 1,183. 7 1,177.9 1,170.1 1,166.2 1,164.9 1,119. 5 1,133.1 1,104.6 1, 078.5 1,079.9 1, 077.6 1,118.8 1,223.
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa390.1 386.1 383.4 384.9 381.9 377.2 361.1 367.9 363.7 360.2 362.4 365.0 373 5 420
36.3
36.5
35.4
35.4
35.9
31.9
35.3
33.1
31.8
33.5
34.6
37. 0
34 6
40
_____________
Flectrtcal appliances
______
27.9
27.9
28.0
28.0
28.2
26.9
26.2
23.2
24.4
23.7
24.6
27.6
25.4
Insulated wire and cable-------------------27.
70.1
65.2
70.5
70.2
58.4
57.8
50. 5
63.8
58/
65.7
57.7
Electrical equipment for vehicles_____
67. 8
61 8
75
26.2
26.6
26.0
24.6
26.1
25.2
25.5
26.2
26.1
256
25.1
F,leptrie, lamps __ ___________- _____ _
25. 8
30
26 4
Communication eq u ip m en t.............. ______ 589.9 589.6 586.8 583.0 582.5 582.6 576.0 569.4 554.6 536.6 532.3 526.7 551.4 679.
47.4
47.5
48.0
46.7
44.1
44.2
45.4
44.8
46.9
45.1
46.8
46.0
Miscellaneous electrical products.......... —
45.7
49.
Transportation equipment........................ .
Motor vehicles and equipment_______
Aircraft and parts. ___ ______________
Aircraft
___________________ Aircraft engines and parts................—
Aircraft propellers and parts_______
Other aircraft parts and equipm ent..
Rhip and boat building and repairing..
Shipbuilding and repairing _______
Boatbuilding and repairing____ ____
Railroad equipment_________________
Other transportation equipment______
Instruments and related products...........
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
Instruments_____________________
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instrum ents____________________
Optical instruments and lenses....... .......
Surgical, medical, and dental instrum e n ts _________________________
Ophthalmic goods______________ ____
Photographic apparatus.......................
Watches and clocks_________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments and parts
Toys and sporting goods.T---------------Pens, pencils, other office supplies
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastics products________
Other manufacturing industries______
1, 706. 2 1, 707. 5 1,702.1 1,679. 4 1, 688. 7 1,681.4 1, 670. 4 1,461.8 1,572. 2 1, 500.3 1, 528.6 1, 547.8 1, 546. 4 1, 592.8 1,878.
746.3 744.6 721.3 732.1 716.8 702.7 506.4 613.0 548.9 579.2 592.9 596. 4 630.8 730
750.2 753.0 757.2 756.8 767.4 767.3 763.1 763.7 755.2 751.2 751.2 742.8 757 6 351
449.9 452.0 455.8 456.7 462.0 462. 6 459. 7 460.9 458.9 455.9 454.2 445. 5 457 2
______ 147.4 147.9 148.8 148.4 152.0 152.1 152.6 153.9 150.9 151.3 151.7 151.6 152.6 179.
______
15.2
14.8
15.1
15.8
16.2
17.2
18.0
19.3
17.0
18.8
15.1
15.7
18.3
20.
______ 138.1 137.9 137.5 136.6 137.6 136/ 134.6 131.9 128.2 126.0 126.5 126.4 129.5 139.
149.7 146.3 143.3 144.8 142.3 146 C 142. 2 140. 9 141.1 142.1 146.9 146. 7 144 5
124. 7 124.6 125.3 124.7 127.6 125.5 125 3 120
125.9 124.4 122.1 124. 7 122.4
...... 23.8 21.9 21.2 20.1 19.9 127.1
21.2
17.4
19.3
17. 5
16.3
15.8
18.9
19.2
2l!
51.4
48.5
45.8
48.3
44.5
47.3
52.2
45/
47.8
46. 3
44. 5
39. 9
50 9
71
9.7
9.3
9.1
9.9
10.2
9.8
8.8
9.0
8.3
10.1
9 0
8 7
9.9
9!
331.0 329,0 328.7 325.2 320.7 320.2 318.8 316.9 313.0 309.1 306.8 308.6 309.3 315.2 837.
477.6
62. C
61.2
60.4
59.5
58.7
58.2
57.9
57/
57.5
57.5
56/
57.1
58.1
65.
89.6
15.3
90.3
15.3
88.5
15.1
86. C
15.0
85.6
15.0
85 5
15.0
84.7
14.6
83.6
14.4
81.1
13.8
81.4
13.6
82.2
13.7
82.2
13.5
33 9
110
90
13.
42.8
24.9
64.1
30.!
470.2
44.
17.7
78.7
30.2
58.
90. f
150.
42.4
24.9
63.9
30.7
466.2
45. (
17.7
74.4
30. (
59.7
89.8
149.
42.5
42.!
42/
24. C 24.3
24.0
64.1
64.9
63.8
29.5
30.5
29/
457.8 447.0 459.3
45. (
45. (
45/
17.3
17. €
17.3
70.8
65. C 71.6
29.
29.
29.'
59.8
59/
60.
86.
88/
87/
144.3 148.3
147.
41. ‘
23 8
65.1
29
478/
46 !
17.
85/
29 !
60.
87/
151/
41/
23.6
64.9
29/
484.6
46.1
17.1
92.9
29. Í
61/
87.4
149.'
41.2
22.0
64.8
29.2
478.6
45/
16.7
92.9
29/
61/
85/
147/
41/
23.1
64.8
27. i
463. 7
43.'
15.9
89.7
29/
59/
82/
142/
41.1
23.0
64.9
25/
444.0
42.6
14. 7
84.2
28.7
54/
80/
138/
41/
23.6
64.8
26/
452.8
43. ]
15.7
84/
31 1
56/
80/
141/
41/
23.6
64.9
26.6
445.9
42.5
15.7
81.3
31/
53.9
79/
141.5
41 5
23 7
65.6
23 l
459.9
42
44 4
16.4
81.7
an
58 7
84/
144/
70.
30
490.
90.
3?
¿L
91.
150.
N o n d u ra b le goods
Food and kindred products....................... 1,419. 1,397. 1, 383. 1,377. 1,384. 1,438. 1, 488. 1,555. 1, 623. 1,621/ 1,529. 1,484. 1, 416. 1,476. 1, 509.
A/Ieat products
304.
296.
300.
300.
312/ 313.
312/ 310.1
306/ 302/
313.
307.
307
320
93.!
92.
91/
93/
101/
107.
103.
Dairy products___________________ .
95.
96/
105.
107/
104
93. l
99
166.
161.
161.,
347.
254.
174.
Canning and preserving____________
181.
181.
271.
342.
210.
9,90
211.
220
113.1 113.
113.,
112.
115.
Grain-mill products________________
111.
115.
117/
117/
116/
112.5 113
113.
114
280.
282.
285.
287.
280.
280.
285.
287.
283/ 984
Bakery products___________________
280.
286.
237
283.
26. 6 30.
41.
42.
28.
25.
25/
26.
27.
26
27 /
Sugar_____________________________
46. 3
31
31
73. 3
74.
79.
70.
Confectionery and related products...
69.
70.
82. 0
80.
68.
81/
75.
71.
75 /
77
202. 1 199.■
196. : 196.
202.
211.
216.
205 ! 207
Beverages___ . . __________________
208. 5 209.
216.
220.
209
1.32
133.
133.
134.
139.
141.
138.
Miscellaneous food products.................. .............
141.
142.
135.
135. 9 138.,
137.
137
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A.—EMPLOYMENT
T
able
A-2.
811
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
A nnual
a v er a g e
I n d u s tr y
M ay1
A p r .1
7 9 .4
T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ____________________
C ig a r e tte s
- - ____________________
C igars
______________________
T n b a ern and sn u ff
__ _
T o b a c c o s te m m in g a n d r e d r y in g .............. ..............
7 9 .9
37.1
2 7 .2
6 .6
9 .0
8 2 .0
3 7 .4
2 7 .2
6 .5
10 .9
86 .4
3 7 .3
27 .4
6 .4
15 .3
8 8 .9
3 7 .1
27 .3
6 .4
18.1
9 3 .3
37. 0
28. 7
6. 5
21.1
95 .5
37 2
29 .1
6 5
22 .7
104.1
36 6
29 1
6 5
3 1 .9
106.8
36 9
28 7
6 5
3 4 .7
9 6 .3
36. 9
2 8 .6
6. 5
2 4 .3
7 9 .4
36. 3
2 7 .7
6 .4
9 .0
8 0 .1
36. 5
28. 7
6. 5
8 .4
79 .7
3 6 .0
28 .6
6 .5
8 .6
959.5
T e x tile -m ill p r o d u c ts _____________________
S co u rin g an d c o m b in g p la n t s ................... _
Y a r n a n d th r e a d m ills .......... ................. ........
B r o a d -w o v e n fab ric m il ls ______________ _______
N a r r o w fab rics an d sm a ll w a r e s------------ _______
K n it t in g m ills
__ __________ *.________
D y e in g and fin ish in g te x tile s _____
C a r p e ts rugs, oth er floor c o v e r in g s . . _
H a ts (ex ce p t c lo th a n d m illin e r y )______
M isc e lla n e o u s te x tile g o o d s-------------------- —
958 .7
5 .5
109.8
395 .2
2 9 .6
216 .4
8 8 .2
4 7 .3
9 .8
5 6 .9
957 .7
5 .3
109.2
3 9 8 .7
2 9 .3
212 .8
8 7 .7
4 8 .0
1 0 .0
5 6 .7
950.7
5 .3
108.2
398.0
29.1
209.3
86 .9
47. 5
10.2
56 .2
946.1
5 .4
108.6
398 .2
28.7
205.6
86 .0
4 6 .7
10.0
56.9
953.1
5 .5
109.8
399.8
28.8
210.1
86 4
46.3
9 .9
56.5
958.4
5 .3
110.1
400.2
28 .5
215 6
86 2
45 9
10 2
5 6 .4
954 .7
5 .3
109.3
399 .0
2 8 .4
217 1
85 3
45 3
9. 8
55.2
951.4
5 .3
109.0
3 9 9 .2
2 8 .2
216 2
84 8
44 6
9 9
5 4 .2
946.4
5 .6
108.3
398.1
27 .6
515.3
8 4 .9
4 3 .3
10. 4
6 2 .9
920.4
5 .5
104.4
392.9
2 6 .8
204 .6
82 9
41 7
9 .9
5 1 .7
9 3 0 .6
5 .4
106.9
39 4 .3
26 .9
208. 7
83. 8
42. 2
10. 4
5 2 .0
921.8
5 .0
106.2
393.0
2 6 .4
203.3
83 9
42 4
10 .3
5 1 .3
M ar.
Feb.
Jan.
D ec.
N ov.
O c t.
S e p t.
A ug.
J u ly
June
M ay
1958
1957
M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d
Nondurable pood*— C o n tin u e d
___
___
9 0 .4
36 4
29.1
6. 5
1 8 .4
94.1
34 a
39 a
a a
2 0 .3
941.5 t, 00 4 .8
5 .2
5 .5
108.2
116.0
399 .9
42 8 .7
2 7 .5
29.1
914 a
207 .0
84 9
44 8
M 5
10.1
10 fi
5 3 .9
6o! 5
A p p a r e l an d o th er fin is h e d te x tile p rodu c ts ------------------------------------------------------ 1,174. 3 1 ,1 8 5 .0 1 ,2 1 4 .2 1 ,2 0 7 .3 1 ,1 8 0 .4 1,183. 8 1 ,1 8 3 .2 1 ,1 8 1 .2 1 ,1 8 4 .3 1,17 2 .1 1,120. 7 1,122. 5 1,113. 4 1 ,1 5 6 .3 1 ,1 9 8 .6
110.6
108.7
109.7
107.2
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ s u its a n d c o a ts ----------- _______
109.1
109.0
106.2
106.4
103.1
107.4
105.7
109.7
107.3
117.6
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ fu r n ish in g s a n d w o rk
3 2 8 .6
3 2 7 .5
322.3
314.
5 307 .3
316.4
c lo th in g
. __________________- ___
315.3
317
.4
31 a a
315.9
317 .7
310. 4 304.2
311.3
359 .4
3 3 8 .7
359.6 346.7
348.9
W o m e n 's o u t e r w e a r __ ______________ _
346.8
343 .5
345 2 339 .9
328.1
319. 2 328 8 339. 7 369 1
W o m e n 's , c h ild r e n 's u n d e r g a r m e n ts
118.1
117.6
117.2
112.6
114.1
115.1
116. 8 118 7 117. 5 115.1
106. 5
109. 9 110.0
119
2 2 .8
1 7 .6
23 .5
20 .6
18. 5
16 8
19 9
20 .4
12.1
1« 7
21.1
16. 7
13. 8
17. 9
7 1 .8
75.1
77.8
76.1
73.5
7 3 .4
7
6
.0
C h ild r e n ’s o u te r w e a r ............. ......................... ............
7
4
.8
75.4
7
5
.4
7
0
.3
7 3 .6
74.8
7i. 0
8 .9
9 .0
8 .7
9 .4
10. 7
F u r good s
_
________________________
11.9
10. 5
12 .0
11.2
11.1
10.3
10.7
in 4
1 2 .0
58 .7
£Q 9
M isc e lla n e o u s ap p arel a n d accessories
58.0
5 8 .5
56.1
5 8 .3
58.1
59 9
60 3
59 5
53 1
55 6
5 3 .9
56.7
133 .0
134.6
130.5
134.2
123.5
132.0
135.1
118.1
125.0
O th er fabricated' te x tile p r o d u c ts ---------133.0
131.0
119.3
119.7
130.5
p a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts __________ ______
P u lp p ap e r an d p ap e rb oard m ills .
P a p e r b o a r d con tain er« a n d b o x e s______
O th er p ap e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ...............
55 3 .3
551.9
269.7
150.4
131.8
550.6
269 .3
150.1
131.2
549.6
270.1
149.7
129.8
548.8
270.2
150.2
128.4
551.0
270. 2
152. 5
128.3
553.7
271 4
154.3
128.0
553.8
270. 7
154.1
129.0
554.5
271 7
153 2
129.6
550.2
272.3
149.9
128.0
537.8
265 3
146.0
120.5
542.0
267. 9
147. 2
126.9
539.3
266 8
140.2
126.3
547.1
269.4
149.6
128.1
P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g a n d a llie d In d u str ie s.
N ew sp a p ers
_________________________
P e r i o d i c a l s .____________ - _______________
_ __ __ ____________________
B ooks
859.6
859 .6
319.1
6 2 .0
57 .6
Commercial printing______ *________
Lithographing
__________________
Greeting cards______________ ________
Bookbinding and related industries___ ______
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services ___________________ __ ____
221.8
857.8
317 .9
6 2 .0
5 6 .7
2 2 2 .5
65 .9
1 9 .0
4 5 .3
853.2
317.1
6 1 .8
56.4
220.3
6 5 .3
19.7
4 4 .6
851.3
316.4
61.9
5 6 .2
220. 5
65.1
19.6
4 4 .2
857.4
318.1
6 1 .7
56.1
221.7
856.8
318 .8
62.6
55 .6
219 .9
66 . 4
2 1 .9
4 4 .0
858.3
318.2
6 3 .0
5 5 .3
221.5
854.8
316.1
6 2 .4
55.4
220. 7
65 .6
21 .7
4 5 .4
847.8
315 .7
60 .0
54 .8
218.1
6 5 .2
844.2
315.8
59. 5
54.3
218. 0
65 0
20 .5
44 .2
847.2
316. 9
60.1
54. 0
219. 5
65. 2
20. 5
44 .4
845.5
316.1
60. 8
5 4 .3
219.1
65. 4
18.8
4 3 .9
852.2
316.4
6 1 .5
55.0
220.7
6 5 .7
857.9
315 0
ai 7
55 5
993 9
20.0
19 5
46.1
6 7 .9
6 8 .5
68.0
67.4
68.1
6 7 .6
6 7 .5
67 .5
67.5
66.9
66.6
67.1
6 8 .4
69 5
844 .8
Chemicals and allied products....... ..........
Industrial inorganic chemicals________ ______
Industrial organic chemicals__________ ______
Drugs and medicines________________
Soap, cleaning and polishing preparatio n s ___________________ - _______
Paints, pigments, and fillers__________ ______
Gum and wood chemicals____________
Fertilizers
____________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats___
Miscellaneous chemicals............ .............. ......
8 4 5 .9
101.5
3 2 0 .0
103.5
837 .7
823.5
100.5
313.6
103.4
823.7
99.9
312.8
103.0
823.7
100.5
312.2
102.7
825.1
805. 9
820 .9
101.0
100.8
310.4
103.9
305.9
103.7
809 .0
101. 7
305 .8
102.9
816.8
311.3
102.7
821.4
100.7
311.1
103.2
816.0
3 1 7 .7
104.0
827.9
100.7
314.9
103.6
844.8
108.2
323.6
50 .6
7 4 .8
7 .6
4 6 .5
50 .4
74.1
7 .6
4 1 .9
50.3
73.7
7 .5
3 6 .7
5 0 .2
7 3 .5
7 .5
3 5 .2
50.3
7 3 .7
7 .6
3 3 .2
50.9
73 .8
7 .8
34 .1
48. 5
7 2 .3
7 .7
33. 7
38.6
102.8
40. 5
99.1
41. 7
101.5
42.8
101.7
42.8
101.7
38.9
101.7
36.0
101.6
49.2
7 3 .4
7 .9
3 0 .2
47.9
71 .2
39.9
100.6
51.1
7 4 .0
7 .8
3 2 .9
50.0
7 4 .4
7 .8
3 0 .9
39.2
101.7
50.5
7 3 .7
7 .6
3 2 .0
35.3
99.5
36.1
100.3
35.8
100.4
35.6
38.5
101.0
35 S
40 5
102.8
Products of petroleum and coal------------Petroleum refining _ _______________ _
Coke, other petroleum and coal
products
_-_- ____ __ ___
236.5
236.8
189.0
236.4
189.0
227.2
181.5
232.3
186.6
233.6
187.5
235.1
188.5
233.1
186.0
238.7
191.5
239.2
192.9
239.7
193.5
239.1
192.6
238 3
192.9
238. 2
192.1
249.5
199 1
47.8
47.4
45.7
45.7
46,1
46.6
47.1
47.2
46.3
46.2
46.5
45.4
46.1
50.4
Rubber products— .....................................
Tires and inner tubes_________ _____
Rubber footw ear__________ ___ _____
Other rubber products.......... ...................
231.8
240.3
93.0
21.0
126.3
260.8
104.4
21.4
135.0
258.4
102.7
21.3
134.4
258.8
103.8
21.2
133.8
257.2
103.4
21.2
132.6
253.7
102.1
21.2
130.4
252.8
101.0
21.4
130.4
245.3
99.7
21.1
124.5
238.9
98.1
20.6
120.2
233. 0
96. 6
20.1
116.3
233.5
96.8
20. 5
116.2
230.5
96.3
20.0
113.6
244.6
100.8
20.9
122.9
265.2
110.0
21.9
133.3
363.8
37.4
4.8
19.0
244.1
15.3
28. 5
14.7
371.5
37.7
4.7
19.4
249.1
14.8
31.5
14.3
373.1
38.1
4.7
19.4
250.7
14.8
31.8
13.6
369.3
38.3
4.6
19.7
249.0
14.5
30.8
12.4
368.3
38.4
4.5
19.5
245.2
15.3
31.9
13.5
363.9
38.2
4.4
18 6
238.6
16.0
33.5
14.6
354. 2
37.9
4.3
17.8
230.0
16.0
33.2
15.0
360.3
37.8
4.1
17.6
237.1
15.8
32.7
15.2
362.5
37.3
3.9
18.4
240.6
15.8
31. 4
15.1
354.5
36.3
3.7
18.1
238.8
14.7
28.0
14.9
353.3
37.8
3.6
18.1
237.2
14.8
27.3
14.5
340.6
37.2
3.7
17.3
229.5
14.4
24.6
13.9
357.2
37.9
4.1
18.2
238.1
15.0
29,9
14.0
369.9
40.7
4.0
18.9
243.8
15.6
30.1
16.2
Leather and leather products---------------Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.
Footwear (except rubber)_________
Luggage
______ ____ ___________
Handbags and small leather goods____
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
......
362.1
6 6 .3
1 8 .9
4 6 .0
101.1
66.8
2 0 .5
44.4
66.2
2 2 .4
4 4 .2
100.0
21.1
45.4
4 4 .5
102.1
102.2
306.1
310 .6
102.9
102.6
8.0
42.7
49 .3
73 .0
7 .8
566.3
977 4
155 3
1316
aa 7
100.0
50 0
75.4
8. 5
812
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
M ay2 Apr.2 Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
1958
1957
Transportation and public utilities_______
3,906 3,881 3,865 3,835 3,836 3,881 3,885 3.897 3,886 3,897 3,907 3,904 3,874 3,903 4,151
Transportation............................................... 2, 567 2,544 2, 531 2,499 2,498 2, 538 2, 536 2, 546 2, 523 2, 520 2, 526 2, 527 2,499 2, 531 2,741
945.0 936.4 930.9 928.5 952.0 951.0 961.0 959.8 957.9 957.9 957.1 945.8 963.6 1,123.4
Interstate railroads-----------------------------824.9 817.3 811.8 810.7 824.0 831.1 841.5 839.9 844.4 837.5 836.5 825.5 840.8 984.8
Class I railroads........................- ................
92.2
92.6
Local railways and bu slin es____ ____ . . . —
93.3
93.0
94.2
94.0
94.1
96.4 103.6
95.4
94.7
95.1
95.9
96.7
828.3 823.4 810.2 802.5 830.0 822.6 811.2 781.3 787.0 790.7 790.4 774.2 792.5 812.3
Trucking and warehousing_______ _____ —
678.1 678.9 664.2 673.9 662. 4 668.3 679.9 686.9 672.4 681.8 683.4 682.0 678.5 701.8
Other transportation and services---------38.6
39.5
Buslines, except local-------- ---------........
38.9
40.3
39.9
40.3
41.7
41.3
42.5
43.2
43.2
42.1
42.8
42.9
Air transportation (common carrier). . .
142.6 141.7 140.1 140.6 124.6 134.6 141.1 141.3 142.0 142.7 143.3 141.2 140.3 144.6
Pipe-line transportation (except nat
24.9
25.0
24.9
ural g a s).-...............................................
25.0
25.2
25.1
25.8
25.4
25.8
26.4
26.7
25.8
26.5
26.4
741
742
742
743
744
Communication______________________
747
751
771
757
764
769
752
772
777
810
703.9 704.0 705.0 706.0 709.1 712.6 713.7 718.8 725.6 730.3 732.7 737.9 732.4 768.2
Telephone__________________________
36.9
36.9
Telegraph....... ...........................................—
37.0
37.2
37.4
37.3
37.7
38.3
38.3
37.5
37.8
38.6
38.5
41.
598
592
595
593
594
Other public utilities........... ...................... ..
596
598
606
613
612
601
599
605
598
600
572.2 568.9 570.6 571.5 573.8 575.2 576.5 582.7 589.1 588.8 581.9 575.4 578.5 577.2
Gas and electric utilities_____________ —
Electric light and power utilities____
254.3 252.5 254.1 254.3 254.9 255.8 256.6 259.4 261.9 262.0 260.0 257.7 258.3 258.7
Gas utilities______________________
151.6 150.8 150.5 150.8 151.5 151.5 151.8 153.4 155.6 155.1 152.3 149.8 151. 5 149.0
Electric light and gas utilities com
bined __________________________
166.3 165.6 166.0 166.4 167.4 167.9 168.1 169.9 171.6 171.7 169.6 167.9 168.7 169.5
Local utilities, not elsewhere classi
23.1
22.8
22.4
fied____________________________
22.5
22.7
22.5
23.5
23.1
23.5
22.9
23.2
23.0
22.9
23.0
Wholesale and retail trade______________
Wholesale trade_________________ _____
Wholesalers, full-service and limited
function------------------------------------Automotive_____________ _____ ___
Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines,
and liquors_____________________
Electrical goods, machinery, hardware,
and plumbing equipment................
Other full-service and limited-function
wholesalers-------------------------------Wholesale distributors, other________
Retail trade--------------------------------------General merchandise sto r e s ..................
Department stores and general mail
order houses____________________
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores______________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets
Dairy product stores and dealers___
Automotive and accessories dealers.
Apparel and accessories stores_____
Other retail trade________________
Furniture and appliance stores__
Drug stores-----------------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate_____
Banks and trust companies__________
Security dealers and exchanges_______
Insurance carriers and agents------------Other finance agencies and real esta te..
Service and miscellaneous---------------------Hotels and lodging places_____________
Personal services:
Laundries__________________________
Cleaning and dyeing plants...................
M otion pictures......... ...................................
Government___________________________
Federal3____________________________
Executive__________________________
Department of Defense____________
Post Office Department— «,________
Other agencies____________________
Legislative................................. ............. .
Judicial____________________ _______
State and lo ca l4_______________ ______
State_______ _____ —............................... .
Local________________ _____ ________
Education___________ _____ _________
Other_____________________ ____ ____
11,215 11,131 11,083 10,990 11,052 11,976 11,382 11,225 11,151 11,011 10,984 11,035 10,961 11,141 11,302
3,021 3,021 3, 019 3,025 3,028 3,065 3,052 3,039 3,016 2,994 2,989 2,980 2, 960 3, 013 3,065
1,780. 8 1, 777. 5 1, 775. 7 1, 775. 2 1,801.0 1, 791. 2 1, 776. 6 1, 762. 7 1, 744. 6 1,737.1 1, 730. 2 1,713.9 1,752.0 1,772.1
131.5 130.8 130.1 129.5 129.1 128.8 127.9 127.8 127.6 127.4 126.3 124.1 126.5 123.3
305.0
306.3
308.3
307.4
312.6
311.9
307.7
306.1
299.0
300.8
297.4
293.5
303.1
303.4
442.7
439.8
438.8
438.9
440.5
439.7
438.2
437.4
437.0
436.1
435.9
434.2
439.2
457.1
901.6 900.6 898.5 899.4 918.8 910.8 902.8 891.4 881.0 872.8 870.6 862.1 883.2 888.3
1,240.1 1,241.3 1, 249.0 1, 252. 6 1,264. 4 1, 261. 0 1, 262. 8 1,253.2 1, 249. 7 1,252. 2 1, 249. 8 1, 245. 7 1, 261. 4 1, 293.1
8,194 8,110 8,064 7,965 8,024 8,911 8,330 8,186 8,135 8,017 7, 995 8, 055 8,001 8,128 8, 237
1, 409.4 1,383.1 1,388. 3 1,348.9 1,397. 2 1, 942. 6 1, 575.3 1, 473.8 1,420.8 1,350. 9 1,336.7 1,361.0 1,358. 4 1,433.8 1,457.1
888.0 890.0 870.0 908.9 1, 260.1 1, 022. 7 946.1 908.1 870.8 863.5 876.7 872.4 925.1 944.4
495.1 498.3 478.9 488.3 682.5 552.6 527.7 512.7 480.1 473. 2 484.3 486.0 508.7 512.7
1,617.2 1,605. 8 1, 599.0 1, 597. 9 1, 582. 5 1, 629. 6 1,610.8 1, 597.3 1, 595. 5 1,582.1 1, 590. 7 1, 594.1 1, 593. 6 1, 598.8 1, 573. 9
1,167. 8 1,165.1 1,162. 0 1,152. 0 1,179. 7 1,168.6 1,156.4 1.146.7 1,130. 6 1,139.1 1,140.1 1,140.7 1,149.4 1,106.9
223.7 219.1 218.5 218.8 220.0 221.0 222.4 230.2 234.3 234.0 233.2 229.6 227.4 234.3
_________
214.3 214. 8 217.4 211.7 229.9 221.2 218.5 218.6 217.2 217.6 220.8 223.3 222.0 232. 7
787.5 781.9 771.7 768.1 766.3 781.2 763.0 754.5 755.0 756.6 755.2 755.7 756.6 764.5 804.2
598.7 583.7 597.0 564.3 582.0 717.2 619. 3 602. 5 590.4 546.7 552.4 591.8 586.7 592.1 604. 6
3, 780.7 3, 755. 8 3, 707. 8 3, 686. 0 3, 696. 2 3, 840.1 3, 761. 7 3, 757. 5 3, 773. 6 3, 780.9 3, 759.6 3, 752.0 3, 705. 4 3, 738. 4 3, 796. 8
386.8 387.7 389.0 390.8 410.7 397.2 392.4 388.5 385.1 384.5 385.6 385.0 390.2 394. 8
364.9 359.4 359.6 357.9 393.7 360.1 356.9 355.2 353.2 352.9 351.9 349.3 355.8 354.7
2,420 2,404 2,386 2,371 2,363 2,373 2,374 2,380 2,392 2,413 2,410 2,391 2,370 2,374 2,348
628.4 626.1 622.4 618.9 618. 6 616.5 615.5 616. 4 621.9 621.6 615.0 610.4 615.3 602. 8
89.9
87.1
92.9
91.4
85.2
85.9
86.8
84.8
85.2
85.6
83.8
83.3
84.6
83. 8
_________
896.8 896.2 893.2 891.0 892.3 892.3 894.2 900.3 906.1 903. 7 895.6 892.3 895. 0 869. 6
—
786.2 772.4 765.0 765.8 775.3 778.9 785.0 790.8 799.2 799.6 796.3 783.5 779.5 792.0
6,585 6,508 6,377 6,333 6,314 6,384 6,426 6,463 6,472 6,452 6,465 6,488 6,455 6,395 6,336
—
492.6 469.3 466.5 460.9 467.6 473.6 478.6 526.6 6Ö8.3 6Ö7.0 538.1 510.0 511. 3 531.0
307.9 305.3 304.3 306.5 307.3 309.0 311.0 311.6 314.3 317.7 318.1 314.1 312.7 326.3
_________
170.5 166.8 164.6 165.9 166.9 168.3 169.8 166.5 163.1 167.1 173.4 172.1 167.4 169. 8
189.1 180.9 177.9 176.9 179.2 183.1 191.3 195.3 195.6 193.9 192.6 193.5 189.8 204.1
8,157 8,113 8,093 8 ,0SG 8,024 8,373 8,074 8,040 7,943 7,678 7,664 7,866 7,870 7,893 7,626
2,167 2,162 2,157 2,155 2,157 2, 487 2,172 2,173 2,174 2,192 2,192 2,184 2,151 2,191 2, 217
_________ 2,134.4 2,129.4 2,127. 5 2,129. 6 2, 460. 4 2,145. 5 2,145. 6 2,146.8 2,164. 6 2,164. 7 2,156. 8 2,123. 8 2 , 164.2
2,190.2
_________
945.1 946.2 948.9 954.2 958.5 961.6 963.0 962. 5 967.6 968.8 966.5 958.3 ' 960.3 1, 007.3
541.5 540.6 539.3 540.0 861.0 542.7 538.8 539.0 541.6 538.9 535. 9 528.2 562. 8 551. 4
_________
647.8 642.6 639.3 635.4 640.9 641.2 643.8 645.3 655.4 657. 0 654.4 637.3 641.1 631. 5
22.3
22.3
22.4
22.0
22.1
22.5
22.1
22.2
22.2
22.2
22.3
22.0
22.1
22.1
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.7
4. 7
4.6
5,990 5,951 5,936 5,911 5,867 5,886 5,902 5,867 5, 769 5,486 5, 472 5, 682 5.719 5. 702 5, 409
1, 534.4 1,531.7 1, 525. 5 1, 516. 2 1, 517. 4 1,517.6 1.517.1 1, 476. 3 1, 443. 9 1, 443. 7 1, 466. 7 1,473.1|1,470.8 1, 382. 9
4,416.1 4, 404.6 4,385.7 4,350. 6 4, 368.1 4, 384.1 4, 349. 7 4, 292. 7 4,041.9 4, 027.9 4, 215.0 4, 245,5)4, 231.1 4.025. 7
2, 775.3 2, 774.2 2,771. 4 2, 735. 5 2, 742. 5 2, 742. 6 2, 716.7 2, 573. 9 2, 230. 2 2, 223.2 % 483. 2 2, 608.6;2, 563. 7 2, 401. 8
3,175.2 3,162.1 3,139.8 3,131. 3 3,143.0 3,159.1 3,150.1 3,195.1 3,255.6 3,248. 4 3,198. 5 3,110.0,3,138.2 3,006.8
1 Beginning with the August 1958 issue, figures for 1956-58 differ from those
previously published because of the adjustment of the employment estimates
to 1st quarter 1957 benchmark levels indicated by data from government
social Insurance programs. Statistics from 1957 forward are subject to revi
sion when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based upon establishment reports which cover all full- and
part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked during,
or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the
month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are ex
cluded.
3 Preliminary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
• Data for Federal establishments refer to continental United States; they
relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for, the last day
of the month.
4 State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Malor
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Souhce : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except those for the Federal Government, which is prepared by the
U .S. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission.
813
A.—EMPLOYMENT
T able A-3.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1958
1959
Industry
M a y 2 Apr.2 Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
556
563
572
664
569
559
M inin g________________________________
542
564
546
547
557
563
560
566
75.2
94.4
73.5
76.4
72.1
76.5
M etal________________________________
77. 2
77.4
77. 6
77.0
73.8
74.3
79. 6
76. 9
25.7
24.1
26.1
33.9
25.8
Iron________________________________
25.3
26.4
26.7
27.3
29.4
27.9
26. 6
25. 8
27.3
22.4
22.0
22.9
23.4
27.3
24.4
23.2
22.9
Copper_____________________________
25.2
25.1
22.5
25. 2
24.0
25.0
14.1
9.7
11.2
10.5
9.2
9.3
10.8
Lead and zinc_______________________
10.3
9.7
8.6
10.2
10.2
10.0
10.1
17.5
17.4
18.2
26.4
Anthracite
............
16.2
18.5
16.2
17.7
17.5
16.7
17. 6
17.8
13.0
14.6
■Rltnminnns coal
155.5 160.4 167.9 171.4 171.4 169.5 168.3 166.2 163.3 158.0 169.2 171.3 173.8 208.4
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production. _________________________
206.6 203.1 201.1 205.6 209.7 205.8 205.7 210.8 213.3 211.8 211.4 206.2 211.1 238.0
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)......... ...........- _________
105.2 105.1 105.4 106.3 108.0 108.1 109.3 112.9 115.2 115.6 114.8 112.3 112.9 122.6
95.1
92.5
93.9
94.8
96.3
84.2
93.4
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying........... _________
89.7
95.5
91.9
85.1
94.8
91.7
87.1
Contract co n stru ctio n ._________________
2,273 2,043 1,889 1,975 2,115 2,407 2,508 2,544 2,570 2,503 2,432 2,318 2,278 2,442
581
515
573
638
434
596
Nonbuilding construction______________
347
366
532
580
598
497
398
488
Highway and street construction...........
227.0 169.8 140.6 151.8 192.9 261.8 292.3 303.4 301.0 293.0 285.6 255.8 231.8 226.8
Other nonbuilding construction______
261.1 228.4 206.8 214.0 241.1 269.8 287.5 294.7 294.8 288.4 287.4 282.1 265.1 288.5
1,542 1, 609 1,681 1,875 1,928 1, 946 1,974 1,922 1,859 1,780 1,781 1,927
Building construction_________________
1,785 1,645
General contractors______________ . . . .
648.3 582.5 535.0 562.3 589.0 680.6 698.5 709.1 730.1 717.0 695.5 670.1 ' 658.1 772.6
Special-trade contractors________ ____
1 136.7 1,062. 5 1, 006.6 1, 046. 5 1,092.0 1,194.2 1,229.9 1, 236. 9 1, 244.0 1, 204. 5 1,163. 9 1,110.0 1,122.6 1.154.1
Plumbing and heating_____________
244.5 235.5 ' 230.7 238.7 250.9 257.6 265.8 263.6 260.3 253.7 243.3 230.4 247.0 265.9
Painting and decorating___________
168.3 136.0 124.6 130.9 146.9 164.4 172.2 176.3 183.9 180.2 163. 5 155.1 153.3 150.1
Electrical work____________________
126.4 126.0 130.5 135.4 141.4 143.8 148.4 151.6 146.5 138.9 132.5 128.9 138.2 151.7
Other special-trade contractors........... ___
607.5 565.0 520.8 541. 5 552.8 628.4 643.5 645.4 653.3 631.7 624.6 695.6 584.1 586.4
Manufacturing.... ______________________ 12,266 12,167 12,117 11,937 11,855 11,930 11, 981 11,721 11,940 11,645 11,353 11,415 11,245 11,658 12,911
Durable goods____________________ 7,121 7,022 6,937 6, 794 6,739 6, 740 6, 742 6,421 6, 579 6,339 6,270 6,350 6,269 6,507 7, 523
Nondurable goods_________________ 5,145 5,145 5; 180 5,143 5,116 5,190 5,239 5,300 5,361 5,306 5,083 5,065 4, 976 5,151 5,388
D u ra b le good»
Ordnance and accessories______________
73.0
72.9
73.0
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___________________________
592.1 563.5 551.5
Logging camps and contractors_______
76.0
73 6
Sawmills and planing mills...................... —
284.5 276.8
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products.................. .
115.2 110.1
Wooden containers__________________
40. 2
40.6
Miscellaneous wood products_________
48.4
49.6
Furniture and fixtures_________________ 315.2 316.6 315.8
Household furniture_________________
238.0 237.6
Office, public-building, and professional
furniture__________________________
35.1
34.9
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures_____________________________
24.7
24.6
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furniture and fixtures_________________
18.8
18.7
Pfone, clay, and glass products
453.8 444.8 432.5
Flat glass____ I___ .*_________________
29.7
29.8
Glass and glassware, pressed or blow n..
83.8
82.2
Glass products made of purchased glass.
14.8
15. 2
Cement, hydraulic__________________
34.6
33.3
Structural clay products_____________
61.2
64.7
Pottery and related products_________
39.6
39.3
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
93.0
87.5
Cut-stone and stone products...... ..........
15.4
15.1
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products__________________________
68.6
69.5
Primary metal industries______________ 1,053.9 1,036.6 1,014.7
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills_____________________________
529.3 515.2
Iron and steel foundries______________
194.2 189.6
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals........... .............. ............
42.5
41.7
Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_____ _____ __________
9.0
9.0
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals____________________
86.7
89.0
Nonferrous foundries___________ _____
52.3
52.6
Miscellaneous primary metal industries.
120.8 119.4
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipment)___________________ 848.5 839.2 829.2
49.6
51.5
Tin pans and other tin warp
106.6 108.1
Cutlery hand tools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
89.1
88.6
plumbers’ supplies________________
210.4 204.5
"Fabricated structural matai products
187.3 187.0
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.
38.4
37.9
Lighting fixtures
46.4
46.3
Fabricated wire products
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod107.2
109.5
ucts................... ......................- ..................
S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le
511024— 59------ 7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
72.0
72.9
72.8
71.4
66.6
68.4
66.8
67.0
68.3
67.8
68.4
76.9
536.7
69.5
272.6
547.0
75.3
274.9
564.7
83.3
282.0
579.4
90.0
289.6
594.4
94.2
297.5
590.1
93.1
297.3
580.6
88.4
296.8
572.0
86.5
292.9
578.3
93.8
290.9
542.4
74.9
279.7
556.8
80.1
283.6
588.3
80.1
303.5
107.4
39.8
47.4
315.1
237.4
109.5
40.4
46.9
312.6
234.6
111.9
40.8
46.7
308.6
230.0
112.2
40.9
46.7
312.3
233.6
114.0
41.8
46.9
313.2
234.4
112.4
41.2
46.1
309.8
229.6
110.5
39.5
45.4
300.5
221.9
107.3
40.5
44.8
285.5
211.7
106.9
41.3
45.4
286.8
210.4
101.6
40.9
45.3
283.5
208.4
106.5
40. 6
46.0
297.3
220.1
108.3
45.5
50.9
314.2
228.9
34.6
34.6
34.9
35.2
35.0
36.0
35.1
32.0
32.9
32.7
34.2
38.2
24.8
25.2
24.8
25.6
28.4
18.7
456.0
30.9
83.4
15.0
35.0
70.3
43.3
90.6
16. 5
25.0
25.3
25.7
25.6
25.8
26.5
26.2
18.1
412.9
20.5
80.3
14.6
31.5
59.0
38.8
85.8
15.3
18.1
411.3
19.9
79.0
14.4
32.3
60.4
38.3
85.2
15. 4
18.0
421.9
19.7
81.3
14.3
34.4
64.4
38.7
87.8
15.8
17.9
426.2
18.8
82.1
14.3
35.0
65.5
38.9
90.3
16.0
18.0
422.3
12.1
83.2
14.2
35.4
66.2
38.4
91.7
16. 4
17.7
438.1
28.0
83.9
13.7
35.7
66.1
37.7
94.0
16.5
17.3
429.7
26.4
82.2
13.1
35.3
66.3
36.6
93.0
15.6
17.0
422.0
24.4
82.2
12.7
35.2
65.4
35.8
90.3
16.1
18.3
416.5
23.9
80.8
12.5
35.7
63.3
35.7
88.4
15. 9
17.6
404.9
22.4
78.4
12.2
35.3
61.7
35.4
85.2
15.3
17.4
417.8
23.5
80.5
13.3
34. 6
63.4
37.6
86.9
15. 7
67.1
979.3
66.4
952.3
65.5
943.4
65.3
929.8
64.7
898.6
62.5
896.5
61.2
863.8
69.9
851.9
60.3
859.3
59.0
840.4
62.3
71.0
891.0 1,081.6
489.4
184.4
468.6
180.5
464.4
178.2
459.3
174.2
457.1
158.5
444.9
164.8
428.0
155.9
419.1
159.2
424.6
159.8
408.3
159.8
436. 8
167.4
537.0
201.6
42.5
42.5
42.8
41.9
41.1
40.8
41.1
40.8
41.0
42.3
43.2
53.5
8.9
8.9
8.7
8.7
8.4
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.7
8.2
9.8
84.8
51.6
117.7
84.9
51.2
115.7
84.8
50.8
113.7
83.6
50.3
111.8
81.9
47.6
104.0
81.0
47.7
109.1
80.3
44.9
105.5
79.1
42.3
103.5
78.3
43.6
104.3
76.5
42.7
103.1
80.6
46.4
108.4
89.2
58.6
131.9
816.7
49.3
107.6
819.6
48.2
108.6
824.3
47.8
109.0
827.1
50.6
107.0
791.2
51.7
87.6
821.6
54.4
103.6
788.3
55.3
96.6
764.9
53.4
93.4
772.6
52.3
96.7
755.9
50.0
93.4
795.8
50.6
100.1
892.5
51.4
115.5
86.7
203.0
182.4
37.4
45.4
82.5
206.1
186.1
37.4
45.8
82.4
211.7
186.5
37.6
44.9
86.1
214.7
183.1
37.5
45.1
87.8
219.9
166.2
32.8
44.4
86.5
224.8
175.6
35.9
42.3
84.1
223.8
160.9
33.2
40.7
80.4
220.5
158.1
31.6
39.2
81.4
218.9
161.4
32.2
39.7
80.3
214.8
158.3
31.2
38.9
83.3
220.0
169.4
34.2
41.7
83.9
241.8
201.3
40.8
47.9
104.9
104.9
104.4
103.0
100.8
98.5
93.7
88.3
90.0
89.0
96.5
109.9
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
814
T able A-3.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, byindustry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Apr.s Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
Manufacturing—Continued
D u ra b le goods— Continued
Machinery (except electrical)__________ 1,147.4 1,129.0 1,112.9 1,089. 7 1,057.3 1, 038. 2 1,020.1 1,004. 5 1,007.0
64.4
64.7
62.3
61.1
63.5
61.5
56.9
58.6
Engines and turbines................- ..........
117.5 115.3 110.5
Agricultural machinery and tractors.
91.7
84.0
83.1
95.3
96.9
90.0
88.8
84.9
81.9
76.2
86.6
Construction and mining machinery.
78.4
77.3
171.9 168.6 163.6 159.9 157.8 155.0 149.1 150.5
Metalworking machinery.........................
Special-industry machinery (except
112.3 111.1 109.5 107.7 107.0 106.2 105.0 105.3
metalworking machinery)....................
138.6 135.4 134.3 134.4 133.7 132.9 131.7 132.0
General industrial machinery..................
89.2
88.7
87.8
88.4
88.5
86.3
88.0
Office and store machines and devices.
87.7
Service-industry and household ma
139.6 138. 5 136.1 132.7 129.0 125.7 121.4 120.1
chines___________________________
205.2 202.1 197.6 195.9 194.9 190.9 178.5 180.5
Miscellaneous machinery parts---------Electrical machinery---------------------------Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa
ratus— ----------- ------------------- -----Electrical appliances._______________
Insulated wire and cab le.......................
Electrical equipment for vehicles-------Electric lamps......................... ..............
Communication equipment--------------Miscellaneous electrical products—
976.8
56.8
91.8
79.5
145.6
990.2 1,014.1 1,028.6 1, 039. 3 1,255.7
56.5
68.1
60.7
60.8
68.3
94.0
94.5
95.2
94.7 105.7
79.8
82.4 109.4
79.8
80.1
151.7 157.6 164.0 162.1 218.2
104.5
130.3
82.7
103.7
131.0
82.1
105.8
136.2
83.1
107.5
137.2
81.7
108.5
138.1
84.0
125.9
166.3
99.2
113.3
172.3
118.5
172.9
120.7
178.3
121.7
180.4
123.2
185.6
141.2
221.6
801.7
798.4
795.5
791.3
788.9
788.2
746.0
762.2
734.0
711.6
716.4
715.3
750.1
857.7
264.8
27.2
21.6
55.6
22.8
375.2
34.5
261.4
27.0
21.5
55.4
22.5
375.9
34.7
259.4
26.2
21.6
55.3
22.4
375.2
35.4
261.9
26.2
21.9
51.3
22.4
373.4
34.2
258.3
26.8
21.7
50.8
22.3
375.1
33.9
253.9
27.9
21.3
53.1
22.1
375.7
34.2
237.7
26.3
20.9
35.9
21.8
372.0
31.4
244.2
25.5
20.2
49.2
21.4
368.4
33.3
238.6
24.1
18.6
44.3
21.3
354.9
32.2
235.1
23.0
17.3
43.3
20.8
340.6
31.5
237.7
22.8
18.5
43.5
21.6
339.7
32.6
239.6
24.4
17.7
43.1
22.3
336.1
32.1
247.8
25.4
19.3
47.0
22.5
355.4
32.7
288.4
31.2
20.9
59.3
26.1
395.8
36.0
Transportation equipment_____________ 1,231.4 1,230.0 1, 225.6 1,203. 3 1,215.6 1,207.6 1,199. 0
593.1 591.1 567.8 580.5 566.8 554.1
Motor vehicles and equipment---------465.3 469.0 473.2 474.5 482.9 483.7
Aircraft and parts----------------------------281.6 283.9 287.6 288.2 292.4 293.3
Aircraft________________
87.9
88.4
88.1
88.7
90.5
Aircraft engines and parts
90.0
9.4
9.8
9.6
9.6
10.1
Aircraft propellers and parts________
10.2
86.4
87.2
87.3
88.3
89.8
Other aircraft parts and equipment
89.7
125.9 122.7 120.1 121.2 118.6 122.4
Ship and boat building and repairing.
105.1 103.8 101.7 103.9 101.6 106. 4
Shipbuilding and repairing-------------20.8
18.9
18.4
17.3
16.0
Boatbuilding and repairing.................
17.0
37.6
34.8
34.7
32.5
Railroad equipment.................. ................
32.1
30.7
8.1
8.0
Other transportation equipment,
7.5
6.9
8.1
7.2
991. 5 1,100.1 1,033. 6 1.062.9 1,083.8 1, 081. 2 1,124.0 1, 383.6
357.8 462.9 402.2 432.7 443.5 446.3 480.0 630.1
480.8 480.4 474.1 471.3 476.2 467.7 479.3 563.6
291.0 291.7 291.4 289.1 291.6 281.5 291.5 340.9
90.9
87.7
87.9
90.3
89.9 111.3
88.7
89.2
11.1
11.9
10.4
12.8
11.0
13.3
12.2
13.9
83.9
89.1
86.8
82.4
83.1
85.7
83.7
97.5
118.4 118.0 118.1 119.2 123.9 123.6 121.4 127.2
103.7 104.4 105.0 104.5 107.5 105. 4 105.1 108.5
13.1
13.6
14.7
14.7
16.4
18.2
16.3
18.7
30.5
31.2
26.1
32.7
33.0
37.0
36.1
54.7
8.4
8.3
8.0
7.0
7.2
6.6
7.2
8.0
215.6
215.9
212.6
209.1
209.6
209.0
207.2
204.9
199.2
195.9
199.1
200.4
205.3
226.2
34.1
33.5
32.9
32.5
32.1
32.0
31.7
31.6
30.8
3Ó.6
31.2
31.4
31.8
36.6
60.1
10.4
60.9
10.3
59.3
10.2
57.2
10.1
57.2
10.0
57.5
10.0
56.8
9.6
56.0
9.5
53.4
9.1
53.4
8.9
54.1
9.2
54.4
9.1
55.8
9.4
62.1
10.3
28.3
19.4
38.5
24.8
28.1
19.5
38.4
25.2
27.9
19.2
38.3
24.8
27.6
19.0
38.7
24.0
27.7
18.8
39.6
24.2
27.0
18.5
39.8
24.2
27.0
18.2
39.6
24.3
27.0
17.9
39.2
23.7
26.6
17.9
38.9
22.5
27.0
17.6
38.5
19.9
27.2
18.2
38.3
20.9
27.2
18.2
38.8
21.3
27.3
18.4
39.7
22.9
28.9
19.6
43.7
25.0
378.2
371.7
34.9
14.8
65.3
22.3
46.8
71.1
116.5
367.7
35.0
14.8
61.0
22.1
48.1
70.6
116.1
360.0
35.1
14.6
57.6
21.5
48.6
69.0
113.6
349.7
35.3
14.3
52.0
21.2
48.4
67.6
110.9
360.4
35.9
14.3
57.6
21.6
47.4
68.7
114.9
379.4
36.3
14.4
71.4
22.1
49.2
68.4
117.6
385.8
36.2
14.2
78.8
22.2
49.9
68.3
116.2
380.0
35.6
13.7
79.0
21.6
49.1
66.7
114.3
365.6
33.5
13.0
75.5
21.6
47.9
64.0
110.1
346.2
32.8
11.8
70.1
20.6
43.1
61.6
106.2
354.5
33.4
12.9
70.7
22.8
44.5
61.0
109.2
348.1
32.8
13.0
67.5
23.1
42.3
59.9
109.5
361.0
34.5
13.6
67.5
22.3
46.4
64. 8
111.9
390.6
36.3
15.3
75.6
24.0
49.2
71.6
118.6
Food and kindred products____________
Meat products.
Dairy products.
Canning and preserving.
Grain-mill products.
Bakery products.
SugarConfectionery and related products.
Beverages_______________________
Miscellaneous food products__________
976.9
957.5
235.6
64.5
147.5
76.6
157.6
20.4
55.6
107.1
92.6
945.4
239.2
62.3
133.9
78.2
158.4
20.3
56.5
104.9
91.7
942.6
239.0
61.3
129.2
78.6
159.0
21.3
59.5
102.6
92.1
949.6 1,001.0 1, 050.1 1,115.2 1,178. 4 1,172.0 1,080. 6 1,038. 7
242.5 250.2 250.9 250.5 249.0 246.0 243.8 243.1
60.8
62.2
62.2
64.4
67.9
71.5
73.0
73.0
128.7 148.2 178.1 237.1 311.8 306.9 220.2 176.8
77. C 78.4
82. 5
82.4
78.3
81.0
81.4
81.0
159.4 162. C 164. C 166.1 165.8 166.3 167.1 167.5
40.4
21.4
25.3
23.4
35.5
36.8
21.6
21.4
60.7
64.5
67.6
61.5
66.5
68.1
54.6
58.0
102.8 108.7 114.8 115.4 115.2 117.7 120.9 119.5
91.1
92.7
96.3
98.3
93.7
95.8
98.0
98.4
Tobacco manufactures_________________
Cigarettes.
69.4
69.9
32.0
25.5
5.5
6.9
72.0
32.2
25.6
5.4
8.8
76 4
32.2
25.7
5.4
13.1
Instruments and related produ cts...........
Laboratory, scientific and engineering
instruments.
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments________________
Optical instruments and lenses.
Surgleal, medical, and dental instru
ments______ _____ _______________
Ophthalmic goods__________________
Photographic apparatus......... .................
Watches and clocks_________________
217.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..,
Musical instruments and parts.
Toys and sporting goods.
Pens, pencils, other office supplies.
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions.
Fabricated plastics products_________
Other manufacturing industries.
N o n d u ra b le goods
Tobacco and snuff_____________
Tobacco stemming and redrying.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
78.8
32.0
25.6
5.4
15.8
83.0
32.1
27.0
5.4
18.5
85.0
32.2
27.3
5.4
20.1
93.6
31.7
27.4
5.5
29.0
96.1
32.0
27.0
5.5
31.6
85.5
32.0
26.9
5.4
21.2
69.5
31.3
26.1
5.4
6.7
70.2
31.5
27.1
5.4
6.2
977.5 1,035. 3 1,065. 7
238.6 243.5 259.2
69.8
66.7
69.6
141.1 186.6 187.7
78.4
79.5
79.5
164.2 164.9 169.9
22.1
25.9
26.1
56.7
61.6
63.5
111.8 112.4 116.1
94.8
94.2
94.1
69.8
31.1
27.0
5.4
6.3
80.1
31.5
27.4
5.4
15.8
84.4
30.2
30.9
5.5
17.8
A.—EMPLOYMENT
815
T able A-3.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Industry
M a y 2 Apr.2 Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
850.8
4.7
99.7
372.4
23.9
186.8
73.7
36.7
9.0
43.9
912.9
5.0
107.2
401.5
25.4
194.3
77.1
42.5
9.4
50.5
Manufacturing—Continued
N o n d u ra b le ooods— Continued
Textile-mill products....... .............. .............. 868.3
Scouring and combing plants ________
Yarn and thread mills. _____________
Broad-woven fabric mills____________
Narrow fabrics and smallwares_______
Knitting mills . ___________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles_________
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Hats (except cloth and millinery)_____
Miscellaneous textile goods___________ —
867.6
4.9
101.4
367.6
26.0
196.4
76.5
39.4
8.7
46.7
866.4
4.7
100.8
371.0
25.7
192.6
76.1
40.1
8.9
46.5
860.0
4.7
99.8
370.3
25.5
189.3
75.4
39.9
9.0
46.1
855.5
4.9
100.0
370.7
25.2
185.9
74.5
39.0
8.8
46.5
862.2
4.9
101. 5
371.8
25.2
190.2
74.7
38.6
8.7
46.6
867.0
4.8
101.7
372.1
24.8
195.3
74.6
38.2
8.9
46.6
863.3
4.8
100.8
370.9
24.7
197.0
73.8
37. 5
8.6
45.2
859.9
4.8
100.6
371.1
24.5
196.0
73.4
36.7
8.6
44.2
855. 2
5.1
99.9
370.1
23.9
195. 0
73.8
35.3
9.0
43.1
Apparel and other finished textile products-------------------------- ------------------- 1,045.2 1,056. 7 1,084. 8 1,078.3 1051.0 1,055. 6 1, 053. 3 1,051.2 1,055.3 1, 044. 3
97.3
96.4
96.6
96.5
93.9
97.4
95.0
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______ —
98.3
93.8
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
293.5
286.6
288.1
299.8
287.6 289.1 289.6 287.0
clothing__________________________
298.8
303.6 323.2 323.4 310.2 311.1 308.2 303.1 306.7 312.2
Women's outerwear_________________
105.1 105.6 105.1 102.9 104.7 106.9 105. 6 103.3 100.9
Women’s, children’s undergarments___
Millinery
18. 7
15. 4
21.0
18.3
16.3
14. 5
18.4
20.2
17.6
67.4
63.5
69.8
68.0
65.5
66.6
65.0
66.3
66.3
Children’s outerwear________________
6.4
6.9
8.1
9.4
8.2
6.6
6.8
9.3
9.4
Fur goods__________________________
52.4
52.5
52.8
53.2
50.7
54.1
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
54.6
53.8
52.7
113.3 112.1 109.4 110.9 112.9 113.7 111.8 110.1 102.5
Other fabricated textile products______ —
Paper and allied products______________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills____
Paperboard containers and b o x e s .. __
Other paper and allied products______
Printing, publishing, and allied Industr ie s .......... ................................................
Newspapers_______________ - ________
Periodicals ____
Books _ _________ - ______ - ____ - __
Commercial printing________________
L ith o g r a p h in g
839.7
4.9
98.5
366.7
23.3
188.5
72. 4
34.1
9.3
42.0
830.5
4.4
97.5
365. 5
22.9
183.0
72.5
34.1
9.2
41.4
992.0
90.8
993.6
95.1
984.7 1,027.0 l, 064. 5
95.0 105.3
93.3
279.9
291.4
94.6
14.7
66.5
8.6
47.4
98.2
283. 2
282. 5
97.6
11.8
66 8
8.5
49.3
98.8
277.0
292.1
97.7
10. 1
62.0
7.9
47.8
96.8
283.9
302.7
101.9
15.7
65.1
8.2
50.9
103.6
288.9
312.0
106.8
16.3
65.7
7.8
53.2
108.5
443.1
441.5
219.5
119.9
102.1
440.8
219.2
120.0
101.6
440.1
220.1
119.4
100.6
440.2
220.8
120.1
99.3
442.7
220.8
122.5
99.4
445.9
222.5
124.3
99.1
446.5
222.2
124.2
100.1
447.0
222.5
124.0
100.5
441.7
222.7
120.0
99.0
429.0
215.4
116.1
97.5
433.4
218.8
117.1
97.5
431.7
218.5
116.1
97.1
439.3
220.7
119.6
99.0
458.8
229.1
125.2
104.5
555. 5
554.2
160.5
26.9
35.8
178. 6
50.0
13.8
36.1
550.9
158.6
26.9
34.6
179.1
49.6
13.6
35.6
545.0
157.3
26.3
34.6
176.9
49.1
13.7
34.9
543.5
156.3
26.2
34.3
177.9
48.7
13.6
34.7
549.7
159.4
25.3
33.7
178.9
50.5
14.6
34.8
548.0
159.7
25.7
33.2
176.8
50.2
15.7
34.9
550.6
159. 4
26.3
33.3
178.6
50.1
16.2
34.9
547.6
157.1
26.1
33.8
177. 5
49.6
15.8
35.9
541.7
156.3
24.7
33.3
175.1
49.4
15.4
35.7
537.2
155.7
24.1
32.9
174.6
49.1
14.7
34.7
541.0
157.5
24.6
33.1
176.0
49.3
14.7
34.8
540.4
157.4
25.6
33.3
175.7
49.6
13.2
34.2
545.4
157.2
25.5
33.7
177.5
49.7
14.2
35.0
553.2
156.1
25.6
35.2
181.3
50.7
13.8
37.0
52.5
52.9
52.2
51.8
52.5
51.8
51. 8
51.8
51.8
51.4
51.0
51.4
52.6
53.5
533.6
536.0
67.7
202.0
56.9
527.1
67.2
198.7
57.5
518.3
66.7
196.8
57.3
514.8
66.4
195.9
57.4
514.3
66.2
194.7
57.2
514.0
66.5
194.0
56.9
516.5
66. 2
193.1
56.7
510.9
66.0
191.4
57.2
504.1
66.0
190.0
57.5
495.5
65.6
186.4
57.5
500.1
66.9
186.8
57.4
510.0
67.3
187.7
57.6
512.2
67.3
191.8
57.6
545.1
73.0
210.3
57.9
30.3
45.1
6.2
36.7
26.3
64.8
30.1
44.6
6.2
32.2
26.9
63.7
30.1
44.2
6.2
26.9
27.3
62.8
30.1
44.0
6.2
25.6
27.7
61.5
30.3
44.3
6.2
23.6
28.6
63.2
30.7
44.2
6.2
22.5
29.6
63.4
31.3
44. 4
6.4
24.6
30.1
63.7
31.5
44.6
6.4
23.4
26.5
63.9
30.4
45.0
6.4
21.4
23.9
63.5
29.7
44.0
6.5
20.9
23.1
61.8
29.5
43.4
6.3
24.1
23.4
62.3
29.0
42 4
6 6
33 1
23.5
62.8
30.1
43.7
6.4
26.1
26.1
63.1
30.7
45.9
7.2
26.7
28.1
65.3
159.6
122.3
150.3
114.7
154.4
118.7
154.6
118.5
155.9
119.5
153.3
116.4
157.5
120.4
157.4
121.3
157.4
121.5
157.9
121.7
157.5
122.3
157.0
121.2
168.0
128.1
____ . ..
Oreeting cards _____________________
Bookbinding and related Industries___
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services .
,
Chemicals and allied products_________
Industrial Inorganic chemicals________
Industrial organic chemicals. _______
Drugs and medicines________________
Soap, cleaning and polishing preparatio n s ____________________________
Paints, pigments, and fillers _ _____
Gum and wood chemicals____________
Fertilizers
_______________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats____
Miscellaneous chemicals_____________
830.2
5.0
96.0
365. 3
23.2
184.2
71.7
33.8
9.0
42.0
......
Products of petroleum and coal_________
Petroleum refining................................ .
Coke, other petroleum and coal prodnets
__
160.1
160.1
122.5
37.6
37.3
35.6
35.7
36.1
36.4
36.9
37.1
36.1
35.9
36.2
35.2
35.8
39.9
Rubber products.. __________________
Tires and inner tubes____________ ___
Rubber footwear_________ - ______ - __
Other rubber products_______________
171.1
178.2
65.1
16.8
96.3
201. 5
77.9
17.4
106.2
198.8
76.2
17.1
105.5
199.1
76.9
17.1
105.1
198.2
77.1
17.1
104.0
195.3
76.2
17.2
101.9
194.5
75.3
17.1
102.1
187.5
74.1
16.8
96.6
181.2
72.5
16.4
92.3
175.1
71.0
15.9
88.2
175.8
71.2
16.3
88.3
172 3
70. 4
16.3
85.6
186.0
74.7
16.7
94.6
205.9
83.3
17.6
105.0
Leather and leather products____ ______
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings..
Footwear (except rubber)____________
Luggage
______________ -____ _____
Handbags and small leather goods .
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods_
321.9
323.3
33.1
3.7
17.1
218.9
13.0
24.7
12.8
331.2
33.5
3.6
17.5
223.9
12.6
27.5
12.6
332.8
33.9
3.6
17.4
225.6
12.4
28.0
11.9
329.3
34.1
3.6
17.8
224.1
12.1
26.9
10.7
328.7
34.2
3.5
17.6
220.7
12.8
28.1
11.8
324.3
34.0
3.4
16.6
214.2
13.6
29.7
12.8
315.0
33.7
3.3
15.9
205.9
13.6
29. 4
13.2
321.0
33.6
3.2
15.7
212.9
13.2
29.0
13.4
323.2
33.1
2.9
16.5
216.8
13.1
27.5
13.3
316.7
32 2
2.7
16.2
215.4
12.2
24.8
13.2
314.3
33.6
2.7
16.2
213.0
12.4
23.6
12.8
301.5
33.0
2.7
15.4
205.4
12.0
20.8
12.2
317.7
33.7
3.1
16.2
213.8
12. 5
26.1
12.3
329.2
36.4
3.5
16.8
219.1
13.1
26.1
14.2
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
----
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
816
T able A-3.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Industry
Feb.
Jan.
526
505.4
217.7
136.0
527
507.1
219. 3
135.9
528
507.9
219.5
135.6
530
510.0
219.7
136.6
532
511.4
220.5
136.4
533
512.9
221.0
137.1
151.7
20.3
151.9
19.8
152.8
19.9
153.7
19.9
154.5
20.2
154.8
20.4
2,618
2,621 2,666
M a y 2 Apr.2 Mar.
Transportation and pnblic utilities:
Other public utilities........... ......................... .............
Gas and electric utilities____________________
Electric light and power utilities____ ______
Gas utilities_________ _____ _____ ________ Electric light and gas utilities com-
530
509.3
220.8
136.4
152.1
Local utilities, not elsewhere classifiedw holesale and retail trade:
Wholesale trade................................ ...........
Wholesalers, full-service and limitedfunction________________________
Automotive..............................................
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
wines, and liquors_____________ Electrical goods, machinery, hard
ware, and plumbing equipment.......
Other full-service and limited-func
tion wholesalers_________________
Wholesale distributors, other..................
Retail trade:
General merchandise stores__________
Department stores and general m ail
order houses______ ______________
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores.............................
Grocery, meat, and vegetable mar
kets____________________________
Dairy-produet stores and dealers____
Other food and liquor stores..............
Automotive and accessories dealers____
Apparel and accessories stores________
Other retail trade (except eating and
drinking places)_________________
Furniture and appliance stores_____
Drug stores_______________________
20.6
2,613
2,611
N ov.
2,656
Oct.
2,646
Aug.
July
540
519.7
223.9
139.0
547
525.8
226.3
141.1
548
526.9
226.6
141.4
541
520.4
224.9
138.9
156.8
20.6
158.4
21.0
158.9
21.1
156.6
20.7
Sept.
2,625
2,601
2,597
June
2 593
1958
1957
534
613.8
222.4
136.3
537
516.4
223.2
137.5
540
519.0
226.0
136.4
155.1
20.5
155.7
20.4
156.6
20.7
May
2,571
2,622
2,695
1, 555.3 1,553.6 1,551.0 1, 549.7 1,582. 4 1, 574. 0 1, 560.3 1, 546.3 1,526.3 1 520.6 1 514.7 1, 499.1 1,536.7 1, 572.2
114.0 113.4 112.5 112.2 112.3 112.2 111.3 111.3 111.0 110.7 109.6 107.5 110.0 108.4
273.0
274.2
276.0
275.1
281.0
280.4
276.3
275.5
268.2
269.8
267.1
263.3
272.2
273.4
382.5
380.5
380.0
380.5
383.2
382.5
381.6
380.1
379.8
379.0
378.4
376.9
382.1
402.7
785.8 785.5 782.5 781.9 805.9 798.9 791.1 779.4 767.3 761.1 759.6 751.4 772.4 787.7
1,057.9 1,057.5 1,066.9 1, 071.6 1,083. 4 1, 082. 4 1,085.6 1,078.3 1,074.4 1, 076.6 1, 077.9 1,072.3 1,084.9 1,122.6
1,284.7 1,286.1 1,249.2 1, 296.8 1,840.7 1, 474.3 1,372.2 1,322. 9 1,252.8 1, 238.6
1
,
263.6 1,259.9 1, 334.7 1,356.5
817.8 819.7 799.5 839.8 1,188.3 953.2 875.1 840.0 802.0 795.3 808.3 803.6 855.9 875.9
466.9 466.4 449.7 457.0 652.4 521.1 497.1 482.9 450.8 443.3 455. 3 456.4 478.8 480. 6
1, 480. 5 1,469.3 1,471.3 1, 455.6 1,507.1 1, 488. 3 1, 475.6 1,479. 8 1,468.2 1 478.0 1 481.1 1,479.2 1,483.2 1,465. 5
1,094.2 1,090.6 1,089.9
192.6 185.6 184.8
193.7 193.1 196.6
691.5 681.9 680.1
533.9 546.6 513.9
1
,
078.3 1,108.9 1, 097. 3 1,084. 7 1,076. 8 1,060. 5
185.9 187.7 188.9 190.8 202.1 207.1
191.4 210.5 202.1 200.1 200.9 200.6
678.6 693.5 676.3 667.5 667.2 670.1
531.6 665.5 568.1 551.8 540.7 496.8
1
,
069.6
207.3
201.1
668.6
503.0
1
,
070.5 1,068. 8 1,078.7 1,038.4
206.1 201.6 198.5 206.7
204.5 208.8 206.0 220.4
668.9 669.5 677.2 719.3
541.9 536.3 542.0 556.6
2,043.0 2,027.8 2,023.8 2, 035.5 2,155.7 2, 072. 5 2, 062. 5 2,070. 5 2,065.4 2, 058.3 2, 049.6 2,025. 2 2,056.7 2,094.6
394.3 350.4 351.3 353.3 373.8 360.6 355.5 352.0 349.3 349.1 350.5 350.4 354.3 361.2
344.8 340.0 340.5 338.9 374.0 340.7 338.0 337.0 334.5 334.2 332.5 330.4 337.0 337.7
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of the series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper
visory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, proc
essing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, ware
housing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Dec.
product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g., powerplant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the
aforementioned production operations,
2 Preliminary.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
A .— EMPLOYMENT
T
able
A-6.
817
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of unemployment com
pensation for Federal employees,1 by geographic division and State
[In thousands]
1959
Geographic division and State
Apr.
Mar.
1958
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
Annual average
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Continental United States___________ 1, 792.9 2,105.5 2,395.5 2, 517.9 2,110.8 1,781.2 1, 722.4 1,905.8 2,202. 7 2,510.9 2,667.3 2,984.0 3,302.3
1958
1957
2, 537.4
1,465.8
New England........................................... .
M aine____________ _____ ________
N ew Hampshire____________ ____
Vermont......................................... .......
Massachusetts_____ ______ _______
Rhode Island____ ____ _____ _____
Connecticut.................................... .
153.7
20.4
7.9
3.5
72.4
14.7
34.9
173.2
18.6
8.0
4.5
85.4
16.7
40.1
182.8
18.4
7.7
4.7
90.0
17.8
44.2
200.0
19.4
8.3
4.7
96.6
19.8
51.2
173.4
17.6
7.5
4.1
87.6
16.1
40.4
132.4
13.4
5.S
2. S
64.2
11.4
34.5
126.7
11.1
5.8
2.6
59.3
11.0
36.9
137.6
13.4
7.7
2.8
62.4
12.0
39.3
153.6
14.1
7.8
3.0
66.8
14.5
47.4
190.3
16.4
9.2
3.3
85.0
19.2
57.1
204.8
18.7
10.1
3.7
91.2
20.0
61.0
238.6
25.1
12.5
4.6
106.6
23.5
66.2
263.3
30.0
15.3
5.9
121.7
26.9
63.5
195.5
19.0
9.6
4.4
90.8
19.6
52.0
121.9
11.0
6.0
2.8
61.4
16.5
24.2
M iddle Atlantic..........................................
New Y o r k ..____________________
New Jersey___ __________________
Pennsylvania___________________
587.1
281.3
92.7
213.1
655.9
308.8
99.6
247.5
714.8
327.9
111.0
275.9
783.9
355.4
126.8
301.7
668.4
319.6
100.9
248.0
559.2
250.0
85.1
224.1
542.2
233.5
83.6
225.1
572.1
245.4
87.1
239.6
636.1
269.7
95.8
270.5
735.2
334.4
110.2
290.6
780.2
358. 2
118.9
303.1
831.6
374.6
136.3
320.7
885.1
391.4
150.3
343.5
724.6
322.4
116.9
285.2
427.6
189.3
80.5
157.9
East North Central_______________ _
Ohio__________ ________________
Indiana______________________
m in ois._____________ _________ . .
M ichigan______________________
Wisconsin.........................................
288.4
66.1
31.0
89.2
80.1
22.1
365.5
86.2
39.1
110.9
96.8
32.5
445.8
107.1
48.5
130.4
122.2
37.5
451.6
117.1
52.2
130. 7
110.5
41.0
403.5
106.6
43.7
109.2
106.2
37.9
350.9
88.0
33.7
93.8
105.0
30.4
369.2
90.6
33.9
95.5
120.0
29.3
444.7
108.5
39.9
109.1
155.7
31.6
570.8
138.0
53.1
133.3
208.7
37.7
638.3
166.1
61.4
148.2
223.6
38.9
692.5
186.5
68.5
156.9
241.7
38.9
771.0
211.3
80.7
169.8
265.5
43.7
838.3
223.1
89.8
176.8
296.4
52.1
603.0
157.9
62.9
140.5
200.2
41.5
283.8
65.6
33.5
68.2
93.2
23.2
West North Central.................... ............
Minnesota.............................................
Iowa _______________ ________
M issouri...... .......................................
North Dakota___________ ____ _
South Dakota______ _______ _____
Nebraska___ _____ _
__________
Kansas_____ ______ _____________
92.9
35.6
8.4
31.5
3.3
1.3
4.3
8.6
124.4
44.4
13.3
37.3
6.7
3.1
8.1
11.7
145.0
46.5
15.1
45.3
7.7
4.0
10.2
16.2
145.5
45.7
14.6
49.9
6.7
3.8
9.3
15.5
105.2
33.4
9.3
37.8
5.0
2.4
6.1
11.2
77.7
22.3
6.1
33.6
1.9
1.0
3.8
8.9
71.1
18.8
5.1
34.9
.6
.5
2.8
8.4
78.7
20.4
5.6
40.0
.5
.5
3.0
8.6
85.8
24.8
7.3
38.0
.7
.6
3.6
10.8
96.6
27.8
8.8
43.5
1.0
.7
4.2
10.5
104.6
31.4
9.4
47.4
1.2
.8
4.2
10.1
127.3
40.0
11.7
54.9
1.9
1.2
5.3
12.3
167.2
53.6
15.9
64.4
4.6
2.6
8.5
17.6
120.4
36.3
11.8
47.9
3.3
1.9
6.3
13.0
80.0
22.6
8.9
30.3
2. 4
1.7
6.4
8.6
South Atlantic______________________
Delaware_______________________
Maryland_______ _____________
District of Columbia_____________
Virginia_____________ ._ _______
West Virginia.................... ....... ..........
North C a ro lin a ........................ .........
South Carolina__________________
Georgia._______ ____ ___________
Florida...................................... ............
200.8
3.8
35.0
6.0
19.2
31.3
40.3
13.7
27.4
24.0
224.2
4.9
40.5
7.0
24.7
33.2
41.3
14.9
30.6
27.0
247.6
7.5
45.8
8.4
27.2
35.5
45.8
16.5
32.2
28.7
270.5
6.5
47.0
8.3
27.2
37.3
51.7
20.4
40.1
32.2
213.1
5.1
37.3
6.7
18.3
29.6
42.3
14.9
31.4
27.5
184.0
3.5
30.1
6.0
15.0
26.4
34.4
13.5
27.5
27.7
186.7
3.5
28.7
5.8
13.8
27.5
32.2
13.6
28.1
33.5
207.1
4.0
30.9
6.0
16.2
32.1
34.3
14.7
31.6
37.4
240.9
5.7
35.0
6.8
20.6
38.4
41.7
16.4
36.4
39.9
281.7
5.8
38.6
7.2
26.1
43.8
64.9
20.9
44.9
39.5
285.0
5.3
39.7
7.2
27.3
47.6
55.9
20.0
46.3
35.7
310.8
6.2
42.9
7.8
29.3
52.7
63.5
22.5
50.5
35.2
326.2
6.9
46.5
8.9
31.6
52.1
68.5
23.8
52.5
35.4
261.3
5.3
38.8
7.6
24.4
39.9
52.0
19.4
40.7
33.2
154.7
3.1
17.7
5.3
13.7
14.1
39.3
15.2
27.5
18.7
East South Central_________________
Kentucky_______________ _____ _
Tennessee_______________________
Alabama___ ___________________
M ississippi____ _______ __________
106.5
29.5
34.0
27.6
15.5
116.4
32.8
38.0
28.8
16.8
133.8
36.8
44.5
32.4
20.1
137.6
36.2
48.6
33.4
19.5
112.8
29.1
38.6
30.5
14.7
100.6
25.9
34.6
28.8
11.4
99.1
28.1
32.4
27.7
10.8
111.0
33.8
35.9
29.0
12.2
131.7
41.6
42.2
33.1
14.8
155.9
49.8
50. 5
38.4
17.2
165.0
54.1
52.7
37.9
20.3
188.1
61.3
59.6
44.2
23.0
200.5
66.1
64.0
46.1
24.2
152.8
46.2
50.7
37.4
18.5
110.9
33.1
40.2
22.6
15.0
West South Central..................................
Arkansas_____________ ________
Louisiana_______________________
Oklahoma..............................................
T exas.._____________ _________
113.6
16.3
29.1
15.9
52.4
125.4
18.2
32.0
18.0
57.2
146.5
23.3
36.5
21.7
64.9
147.2
23.6
36.0
23.0
64.6
115.5
18.0
26.8
18.2
52.5
102.3
14.3
23.7
15.7
48.7
101.4
12.6
24.4
14.1
50.3
110.1
12.9
25.9
15.2
56.1
120.7
15.5
26.2
17.4
61.6
129.9
17.9
27.3
19.0
65.6
133.6
18.8
26.8
20.0
68.0
153. 8
24.2
29.5
23.9
76.1
165.0
27.5
29.8
27.6
80.1
130.2
20.1
26.7
20.5
63.0
72.1
14.8
13.2
12.7
31.4
M ountain............................ ........................
M ontana_______________ ______
Idaho......... ....... ...................................
Wyoming_________ _____ ________
Colorado....................................... .........
New Mexico____________________
Arizona__________ _____ ________
U tah______________________ ____
N ev a d a ....................... .....................
43.8
8.5
5.2
2.8
7.4
4.2
7.0
5.4
3.3
61.0
12.8
8.0
4.0
10.1
4.9
9.2
7.4
4.6
72.2
14.7
10.0
4.6
12.6
5.7
9.7
9.3
5.6
66.7
13.0
10.2
4.0
10.9
5.2
9.0
8.9
5.5
51.0
9.1
8.1
2.6
8.4
4.1
7.8
6.2
4.8
39.1
6.0
4.9
1.6
7.0
3.6
7.4
4.5
4.1
30.2
4.0
2.7
1.1
5.4
3.4
7.2
3.4
3.0
32.3
3.8
2.8
1.1
6.7
3.4
7.9
4.0
2.7
36.0
4.1
3.4
1.4
6.1
4.3
9.1
4.9
2.8
38.7
5.0
3.3
1.6
6.9
4.6
9.6
5.6
3.2
41.1
5.9
3.0
2.0
6.8
4.8
9.1
6.0
3.6
51.7
7.8
4.1
2.6
9.4
5.7
10.2
7.4
4.5
72.5
12.0
6.9
3.9
13.5
7.3
12.7
10.2
6.0
53.6
8.9
6.2
2.5
9.3
5.2
9.7
7.2
4.6
34.5
6.3
5.2
1.7
5.1
3.5
5.5
4.5
2.8
Pacific.................... ................................... .
Washington..........................................
Oregon....... ..........................................
California............... ..............................
206.0
31.0
17.6
157.4
259.5
42.2
26.1
191.3
306.9
54.1
33.3
219.5
314.8
60.7
36.2
217.9
267.8
55.9
30.8
181.0
234.9
46.6
24.2
164.1
195.8
35.9
16.7
142.3
212.3
35.9
16.9
159.5
227.1
37.9
17.8
171.3
244.4
32.4
16.8
195.1
260.6
25.3
15.3
220.0
311.0
35.1
20.7
255.2
384.1
47.6
31.1
305.4
295.9
46.0
26.9
222.9
180.3
33.3
22.9
124.1
1 Average of weekly data adjusted for spilt weeks In the month.
may not add to totals because of rounding.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Figures
S ource: U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security,
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
818
T able A-7.
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected operations 1
[All items except average benefits amounts are In thousands]
1957
1958
1959
Item
Mar.
Apr.
Employment service:
New applications for work.
Nonfarm placements...........
736
520
Jan.
Feb.
742
445
806
378
N ov.
Dec.
737
406
896
398
740
413
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
775
514
776
545
725
489
812
459
979
456
Apr.
Apr.
May
June
July
866
439
954
404
709
480
State unemployment insurance pro
grams: '
1,099
1,983
1,538
1,513
1, 659
1,251
1,924
1,258
1,259
1,186
1,790
1,277
1,136
1,099
Initial claims *________ _____ _
Insured unem ploym ent4 (aver
1,475
3,302
2,984
2,667
2,
203
2,
511
1,781
1,722
1,906
2,111
2, 518
2,106
2,396
1,793
age weekly volum e)_________
3.6
7.9
6.3
5.2
7.1
6.0
4.3
4.1
4.5
6.0
5.1
5.0
4.4
5.7
Rate of Insured unem ploym ent!
Weeks of unemployment com
5, 766
8,583 10,277 10, 879 12,020 13,055
7,997
5,939
7,157
7,776
9, 532
8,660
8, 628
7,516
pensated___________________
Average weekly benefit amount
$30.02 $30.38 $30.52 $30. 50 $30. 41 $30.46 $30. 45 $30. 66 $30. 50 $30. 62 $30. 80 $30.80 $30.88 $27.72
for total unem ployment..........
Total benefits p a id ....................... $218,438 $255, 640 $255, 671 $279, 461 $234,683 $174,470 $210,300 $231,141 $255,432 $305,638 $325,039 $363,550 $403,845 $154,329
Unemployment compensation for
veterans: 8
Initial claims 8-----------------------Insured unemployment 4 (aver
age weekly volum e)_________
Weeks of unemployment com
pensated------------------------Total benefits paid 1................
Railroad unemployment insurance
Applications 8__.------------------Insured unemployment (average
weekly volum e)____________
Number of payments •----- -----Average amount of benefit pay
ment
.......................................
Total benefits paid 16...................
All programs:11
Insured unemployment <
5
7
9
13
14
12
13
14
19
30
38
24
27
18
28
26
27
39
53
78
78
74
80
39
125
$3,311
102
$2,693
129
$3, 391
193
$5,047
384
248
$6, 553 $10,151
333
$8,853
334
$8,922
368
$9,833
191
$5,155
16
22
28
31
76
$2,019
102
$2,688
113
$2, 993
131
$3,486
5
6
8
17
22
20
17
20
21
117
80
17
20
10
58
148
76
199
94
217
122
311
125
287
121
229
113
272
118
260
119
286
128
250
101
252
128
307
146
338
53
125
$62.72 $65.47 $65. 57 $65. 68 $69. 31 $70.15 $69.91 $70.35 $69. 60 $59. 44 $66. 85 $67. 27 $68. 59
$9,099 $12,477 $13, 752 $20, 345 $19, 755 $16,030 $19, 076 $18,144 $19,861 $14, 735 $16,651 $20,574 $23,153
$58.14
$7,227
3, 527
1,565
1,927
2,273
2, 584
2, 721
2,307
l Average weekly Insured unemployment excludes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto
Rico, and the Virgin Islands; other items include them.
8 Data include activities under the program of Unemployment Compensa
tion for Federal Employees (U C FE ), which became eflective on January 1,
An initial claim is a notice filed by a worker at the beginning of a period
of unemployment which establishes the starting date for any insured un
employment which may result if he Is unemployed for 1 week or longer.
< Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem
ployment.
4 The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed
expressed as a percent of the average covered employment in a 12-month
period.
8 Based on claims filed under the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act
of 1952. Excludes claims filed by veterans to supplement State, U C FE , or
railroad unemployment insurance benefits.
r Federal portion only of benefits paid jointly with other programs. Weekly
benefit amount for total unemployment is set by law at $26.
1,957
1,863
2,062
2,374
2,717 1
2,847
3,186
8 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning of
his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is required
for subsequent periods in the same year.
9 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods; the aver
age amount is an average for all compensable periods. N ot adjusted for
recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
10 Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments.
11 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, U C FE . and Veterans’ Programs, and that covered by the Railroad
Unemployment Insurance Act. Beginning with November 1958, includes
data for ex-servicemen under the program of Unemployment Compensation
for Ex-servicemen, eflective October 27, 1958.
Source : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security
for all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which are prepared
by the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board.
The labor turnover tables (B -l and B-2) have been dropped from the Review pending a general revision of the
Current Labor Statistics section because, beginning with January 1959 data, the categories for which labor turn
over rates are published differ from those previously published. Current data are available monthly in Employ
ment and Earnings or may be obtained upon request.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
819
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
C .— Earnings and Hours
T
able
C -l.
Year and month
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1
Avg. Avg.
wkly.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
brly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Mining
Total: Metal
1957- Average
1958: Average_..........
April________
M ay............... ..
J u n e................
July...................
August______
September___
October______
Novem ber___
December____
1959: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
$192.21
100.10
94. 62
96. 01
101.89
99. 96
101.24
102. 14
102. 40
103. 60
105. 56
105. 86
106. 00
106.13
106.27
40 4
39.1
37. 4
38.1
39. 8
39.2
39.7
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.6
40.1
39.7
39.9
40.1
$2.53
2. 56
2. 53
2. 52
2.56
2. 55
2. 55
2. 56
2. 56
2. 59
2.60
2.64
2. 67
2.66
2.65
Coal
Metal
Total: Mining
$98. 74
96.22
92.93
91. 10
92. 34
96. 13
95.63
98. 04
98. 30
100. 84
101. 24
103. 94
104. 45
104. 23
102.03
40. 8
38.8
38. 4
37.8
38.0
38.3
37.8
38.6
38.7
39. 7
39. 7
40.6
40.8
40.4
39.7
Iron
$2. 42 $103. 49
2. 48 100. 27
2. 42 93. 96
2. 41 94. 23
2.43 98. 28
2.51 104. 43
2. 53 105. 28
2. 54 104. 80
2. 54 101.03
2. 54 102. 60
2. 55 101. 82
2.56 106. 59
2.56 107. 45
2.58 106. 11
2. 57 103.94
39 5
36.2
34.8
34.9
36. 4
36.9
37.2
36.9
35.7
36.0
35. 6
37. 4
37.7
37.1
36.6
Lead and zinc
Copper
$2.62
2. 77
2. 70
2. 70
2. 70
2. 83
2.83
2. 84
2.83
2. 85
2.86
2.85
2.85
2.86
2.84
$97. 75
94.62
93.30
88. 22
85.56
89. 78
87.71
94. 67
99. 79
105. 75
103. 42
106.82
108. 86
110. 56
107.60
40.9
39. 1
39.2
37.7
36.1
37. 1
35.8
38.8
40. 4
42.3
41. 7
42. 9
43.2
43.7
42.7
$2. 39 $88. 97
2. 42 85. 93
2.38 84. 74
2. 34 83. 89
2. 37 86.03
2. 42 86. 55
2.45 83. 16
2. 44 83. 16
2. 47 87. 42
2. 50 89. 02
2. 48 92.29
2.49 91.43
2. 52 90.17
2.53 87. 64
2. 52 85.47
Bituminous
1957: Average .
1958: Average............
A pril________
M ay________
June________
July_________
August______
September___
October______
N o v e m b e r __
December........
1959: January_____
February____
M arch
A p r il...............
$110 53
102.38
90. 60
93 30
106. 30
97. 85
105. 90
106. 55
107. 76
107. 31
115. 82
114.71
112. 85
112 29
114. 75
36.6
33.9
30.0
31. 1
35. 2
32.4
35.3
35. 4
35.8
35.3
38. 1
36.3
35.6
35. 2
35.2
$3.02
3.02
3.02
3. 00
3.02
3 02
3. 00
3 01
3.01
3. 04
3.04
3.16
3.17
3.19
3.26
Petroleum and nat
ural-gas produc
tion (except contract services)
$106. 75
109. 75
108. 81
107. 06
110.57
110. 83
106. 67
110. 02
107. 60
112. 06
108. 54
111.92
116.33
115. 36
112. 59
40. 9
40.8
40. 6
40. 4
40 8
41.2
40. 1
40. 9
40.3
41.2
40. 5
41.3
41.4
41.2
40.5
Nonmetallic mining
and quarrying
$2 61 $87. 80
2.69 89.63
2.68 85. 45
2. 65 89. 59
2. 71 91. 49
2. 69 91.94
2.66 93. 39
2. 69 95.34
2. 67 95. 37
2. 72 92. 84
2.68 89. 67
2.71 87.98
2.81 88.82
2.80 90. 31
2.78 93.93
43.9
43.3
42 3
43 7
44. 2
44.2
44.9
45. 4
45. 2
44 0
42. 1
41.5
41.7
42.4
44.1
$2.00
2. 07
2.02
2. 05
2. 07
2.08
2. 08
2. 10
2. 11
2. 11
2. 13
2. 12
2. 13
2.13
2.13
Nonbuilding
construction—Con.
Other nonbuilding
construction
1957: Average
1958: Average______
Aprll
M ay________
June________
J u l y ________
August______
September___
O cto b er_____
N ovem ber___
December____
1959: January_____
February____
M arch_______
A pril.—.......... .
$110.15
114.26
11001
115. 26
114. 57
114. 51
116. 87
120. 07
120. 66
113.59
114. 55
114.55
109. 82
115.84
117. 71
39.2
39.4
38.6
40. 3
40.2
39.9
40.3
40.7
40.9
38.9
38.7
38.7
37.1
39.4
39.9
$2.17 $81. 79
2.17 76.01
2. 14 58.65
2. 14 67.60
2.14 80. 96
2. 18 79. 77
2. 16 74. 59
2.20 80. 08
2.18 77. 52
2. 22 78. 04
2. 24 93. 19
2.23 91.24
2. 21 74.79
2. 23 76. 45
2. 22 93.84
$106.64
110.47
107. 88
111. 08
110.11
111.90
113. 70
114. 91
115. 82
110. 66
109. 43
111.03
106. 64
110. 57
113. 53
36.9
36.7
36.2
37. 4
37.2
37.3
37.9
37.8
38.1
36.4
35.3
35.7
34.4
35.9
37.1
Total: Nonbullding
construction
$2. 89 $105.07
3.01 109. 47
2. 98 103. 45
2. 97 110. 56
2. 96 108. 67
3.00 110. 57
3.00 114.66
3.04 117. 32
3. 04 118. 71
3. 04 108. 11
3. 10 105. 36
3.11 105. 88
3.10 100.19
3.08 108. 23
3. 06 110. 95
39.8
40.1
38.6
41 1
40.7
40.8
42.0
42. 2
42. 7
39. 6
37.9
38.5
36.3
39. 5
40.2
Total: Building
construction
$2. 64
2. 73
2.68
2. 69
2. 67
2. 71
2. 73
2. 78
2. 78
2. 73
2. 78
2. 75
2. 76
2. 74
2.76
$98. 66
104.14
94. 57
105. 84
103. 25
106. 50
112.31
114. 23
117. 04
102. 62
93.98
93. 59
85. 40
98. 21
103.28
40.6
41.0
38.6
42.0
41.3
41.6
43.7
43.6
44.5
40.4
37.0
38.2
35.0
39.6
40.5
$2. 43
2. 54
2.45
2.52
2. 50
2. 56
2. 57
2. 62
2. 63
2. 54
2. 54
2.45
2. 44
2. 48
2. 55
36. 1
35.7
35.5
36 3
36.2
36.3
36.7
36 5
36.8
35.4
34.6
35.0
34.0
35.0
36.2
$2. 96
3. 10
3. 06
3 06
3. 06
3.09
3. 09
3. 13
3. 13
3. 14
3. 19
3.19
3. IS
3.17
3.15
Special-trade contractors
General contractors
$98. 89
102. 53
101. 60
105.12
103. 46
104. 54
106. 48
105. 56
107. 01
103. 37
99. 12
103.01
100.25
103.19
105. 41
35.7
35.6
35. 4
36 5
36.3
36.3
37. 1
36.4
36.9
35. 4
33.6
34.8
34.1
35.1
36.1
Total: Specialtrade contractors
$2. 77 $112.17
2. 88 115.28
2.87 113.21
2. 88 115. 12
2. 85 115.16
2. 88 116 89
2.87 117.90
2. 90 118. 99
2. 90 119.64
2. 92 115. 73
2. 95 116. 51
2.96 116.86
2. 94 112.20
2. 94 115.15
2.92 119. 43
36.3
35.8
35.6
36. 2
36. 1
36.3
36. 5
36.5
36.7
35. 5
35.2
35.2
34.0
35.0
36.3
Plumbing and
heating
$3.09 $118.87
3. 22 123. 23
3. 18 121. 77
3. 18 121. 66
3. 19 122. 47
3. 22 124. 64
3. 23 124. 97
3. 26 126. 39
3. 26 126. 39
3. 26 121.77
3.31 127. 59
3. 32 127.64
3. 30 123. 28
3. 29 125. 33
3.29 127. 68
38.1
37.8
37.7
37.9
37.8
38.0
38. 1
38.3
38.3
36.9
38. 2
38. 1
36.8
37.3
38.0
$3.12
3. 26
3. 23
3. 21
3. 24
3. 28
3.28
3.30
3. 30
3.30
3. 34
3.35
3. 35
3. 36
3. 36
Other specialtrade contractors
$3 37 $106. 30
3. 55 109.31
3. 49 106. 64
3. 52 110.09
3.55 109. 51
3. 5S 111. 51
3.58 112. 46
3. 62 113. 53
3. 63 114. 12
3.62 110. 66
3. 63 107. 24
3.64 108.54
3. 63 102. 72
3.62 106. 88
3. 65 112.96
35.2
34.7
34. 4
35.4
35. 1
35. 4
35.7
35. 7
36.0
34.8
33.2
33.5
32.0
33.4
35.3
Painting and
decorating
$103. 75
107. 95
106.91
106. 79
107.71
108. 42
110 76
110. 25
110. 92
108. 73
109.10
107.52
104.63
109.07
112.29
34.7
34.6
34.6
34.9
35.2
35.2
35. 5
35.0
35.1
34.3
34.2
33.6
32.8
34.3
35.2
$2.99
3.12
3. 09
3.06
3. 06
3. 08
3. 12
3. 15
3. 16
3.17
3.19
3. 20
3.19
3.18
3.19
Manufacturing
Building construction—Continued
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Highway and street
construction
Building construction
$2.81 $106. 86
2.90 110. 67
2. 85 108. 63
2. 86 111.08
2. 85 110. 77
2. 87 112.17
2.90 113. 40
2. 95 114. 25
2.95 115.18
2. 92 111. 16
2. 96 110. 37
2. 96 111.65
2. 96 108.12
2.94 110.95
2.95 114.03
Electrical work
$2 63
2.63
2.63
2. 62
2. 62
2. 59
2.59
2. 60
2. 61
2.61
2.64
2.66
2. 77
2. 77
2.76
Nonbuilding construction
Total: Contract
construction
Durable goods
Special-trade contractors—Continued
39.2
1957: Average_____ $132.10
38.3
1958: Average______ 135.97
38.2
April
133. 32
M ay
38.5
135. 52
38.5
June _______ 136.68
38. 3
J u ly ________ 137. 11
38.2
August______ 136. 76
38 7
September___ 140. 09
38.6
O ctober_____ 140.12
37.2
November___ 134. 66
38.7
December____ 140. 48
38.3
1959: January_____ 139.41
37.9
February____ 137. 58
38.3
March—L_____ 138. 65
38.8
April................. 141. 62
See footnotes at end of table.
31.1
28.9
22.3
25. 8
30.9
30.8
28.8
30.8
29.7
29.9
35.3
34.3
2. 70
27.6
34.0
Contract construction
Mining—Continued
Coal—Continued
41.0
39.6
39. 6
39 2
40.2
39. 7
38.5
37.8
40. 1
40. 1
41.2
41.0
40.8
39.3
38.5
Anthracite1
Total: Manufacturing
$3. 02 $82.39
3.15 83. 50
3. 10 80.81
3.11 82 04
3. 12 83. 10
3. 15 83 50
3. 15 84 35
3. 18 85. 39
3. 17 85. 17
3. 18 86. 58
3.23 88. 04
3.24 87.38
3.21 88.00
3.20 89.24
3. 20 89.87
39.8
39.2
38.3
38. 7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39. 9
39.8
39.9
40.2
39.9
40.0
40.2
40.3
Durable goods
$2.07 $88. 66
2.13 90.06
2. 11 87.30
2 12 88. 37
2. 12 89. 89
2. 13 89.83
2. 13 91.14
2. 14 92.46
2.14 91.83
2.17 94.30
2. 19 96.29
2.19 94.94
2. 20 95.11
2. 22 97.10
2.23 97. 75
40.3
39.5
38. 8
39. 1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40. 2
40.1
40.3
40.8
40.4
40.3
40.8
40.9
Nondurable goods
$2. 20 $73. 51
2. 28 75.27
2. 25 73. 14
2. 26 73.91
2. 27 75.08
2. 28 75. 66
2. 29 76. 04
2. 30 77.03
2.29 76.83
2. 34 77. 22
2. 36 78. 01
2.35 77.81
2. 36 78.01
2. 38 79.00
2. 39 79.00
39.1
38.8
37.7
38 1
38.7
39 0
39.4
39. 5
39.4
39.4
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.5
$1.88
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1 94
1.93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1. 97
1.98
1.98
2.00
2.00
Total: Ordnance
and accessories
$95. 47
101. 43
100. 12
99. 88
100. 94
100. 94
100. 69
103. 00
103. 00
103.16
106. 43
105. 00
103. 57
104.08
103. 73
40.8
40.9
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
41.2
41.1
41.9
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.0
$2.34
2.48
2.46
2. 46
2.48
2.48
2. 48
2.50
2. £0
2, 51
2.54
2.53
2. 52
2.52
2.53
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
820
T
able
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
A vg.
w k ly .
ear n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h ours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
w k ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
h r ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h o urs
A vg.
A vg.
h r ly . w k ly .
ea r n e a r n
in g s
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
ea r n
in gs
M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d
D u r a b le g o o d s— C o n tin u e d
Y ea r a n d m o n th
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t fu rn itu re)
Total: Lumber and Sawmills and planing
wood products (ex
mills s
cept furniture)
1957: Average............ $72. 04
1958: Average______ 75.41
April................. 71.39
M a y .. . ............ 74. 45
June_________ 76.14
July-------------- 74. 2S
August............. 77. 74
September----- 80.12
October-------80.15
November___
77.59
December____ 77.38
1959: January........... 74.84
February____
74. 26
March_______
77.74
April------------- 79.15
39.8
39.9
38.8
39.6
40.5
39.3
40.7
41.3
41.1
40.2
40.3
39.6
39.5
40.7
40.8
39.4 $1.80
$1.81 $70.92
1.89 73.23
1.84
39.8
1.84 68.92
1.79
38.5
1.84
1.88 73.05
39.7
1.88 74.52
40.5
1. 84
1.86
1.89 73. 66
39.6
1. 91 76.70
1.88
40.8
1.94 77.68
41.1
1.89
1.95 77.30
40.9
1. 89
1.93 75. 39
1.88
40.1
1.92 75.17
40.2
1.87
1.89 72.31
39.3
1.84
39.6
1.84
1.88 72.86
1.91 75.85
1.85
41.0
1.94 76. 26
1.86
41.0
Lumber and wood
M illw o r k
1957: Average............ $75. 55
1958: Average--------- 78. 55
74.28
April________
M ay________
77. 57
June_________ 79.13
July-------------- 79. 73
82. 74
August______
September----- 82.91
October--------- 82. 54
N ovem ber----- 80. 95
December........ 80.16
1959: January........ — 79. 79
February....... . 78.40
March___ . . .
79.19
81.79
A pril.. . .
40.4
40.7
39.3
40.4
41.0
41.1
42.0
42.3
41.9
41.3
40.9
40.5
40.0
40.2
41.1
$1. 87 $76.00
1.93 80. 99
1.89 78.20
1.92 79.60
1.93 81.18
1.94 78. 41
1.97 83.16
1.96 84.85
1.97 85.49
1.96 85.90
1.96 84.05
1.97 85.49
1.96 88.40
1.97 90.31
1. 99 92.02
Household furniture *
1957: Average............ $66.63
1958: Average--------- 66. 76
A pril......... ....... 63.34
M ay.................. 63. 00
June_________ 65.23
65.57
July.............—
August---------- 68.61
September___
70.45
October______ 70. 79
November___
70.28
December____ 71.14
1959: January........... 69.26
February......... 69. 43
March______
69.83
April ----------69.20
39.9
39.5
37.7
37.5
38.6
38.8
40.6
41.2
41.4
41.1
41.6
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.0
$1.67
1.69
1.68
1. 68
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.71
1. 72
1.73
40.0
40.7
39.9
40.2
41.0
39.8
42.0
41.8
41.7
41.9
41.0
41.7
42.5
42.8
42.8
$1.90 $56.23
1.99 56.88
1.96 55.10
1.98 56. 34
1.98 58.03
1.97 58.15
1.98 59. 60
2.03 59.68
2.05 59.09
2. 05 57.31
2.05 57.38
2.05 57.02
2.08 57.52
2.11 59.09
2.15 59. 09
W ood household f u r
n itu r e (except u p
holstered)
$59. 79
59.85
56.77
56. 77
58.05
58.20
61.20
63.08
63. 69
63.38
63. 54
62.21
62.47
63.45
63. 40
40.4
39.9
38.1
38.1
38.7
38.8
40.8
41.5
41.9
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.1
41.2
40.9
United States
$71. 53
73.84
69. 69
74.03
75.52
74.64
77. 52
78. 50
78.12
76.19
75.79
72. 73
73.28
76.48
76. 89
products
$1.48
1. 50
1.49
1.49
1.50
1. 50
1.50
1. 52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1. 51
1. 52
1.54
1.55
39.6
39.5
38.8
39.4
40.3
40.1
41.1
40.6
40.2
39.8
39.3
39.6
39.4
40.2
40.2
39.4
38.7
36.7
35.5
36.9
37.3
39.9
40.7
41.3
41.1
42.1
39.1
39.9
40.2
38.7
$1.84
1.87
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.89
1.89
1.91
1. 88
1.87
1.88
1.88
39.8
39.5
38.9
39.5
40.6
40.7
41.4
41.1
40.0
39.6
39.4
39.4
39.6
40.3
40.3
$73.90
76.64
70.83
74.69
79.98
80.73
82.15
82.35
80.18
75. 85
76.80
83.44
80.40
80. 60
77.81
39.1
39.3
36.7
38.5
40.6
41.4
41.7
41.8
40.7
39.1
40.0
40.9
40.2
39.9
39.1
M e ta l office fu rn itu re
1957: Average__ ___ $85. 28
1958: Average______ 84.29
81.40
April________
79.28
M ay________
June_________ 82.51
82.
06
J u ly ............... August............. 85.50
September___
90.35
October______ 88.30
86.94
November___
December____ 87.48
1959: January--------- 88.01
89.08
February____
89.93
March___ 91. 01
April ------ -S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.3
37.8
37.0
36.2
37.0
36.8
38.0
39.8
38.9
38.3
38.2
38.6
38.9
39.1
39.4
$2.17
2.23
2.20
2.19
2.23
2. 23
2.25
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.29
2.28
2. 29
2. 30
2.31
$85.22
85.97
82.84
84.10
86.85
86.14
88.48
87.98
86.80
86.08
88.65
87. 46
87.53
88.03
89.15
40.2
38.9
38.0
38.4
39.3
38.8
39.5
39.1
39.1
38.6
39.4
38.7
38.9
39.3
39.8
$2.12
2. 21
2.18
2.19
2.21
2.22
2.24
2.25
2.22
2.23
2.25
2.26
2.25
2. 24
2. 24
$2.32 $75.60
40.0 $1.89
2.35 79. 38
1.96
40.5
39.4
2.30 76.04
1.93
2. 34 78.20
40.1
1. 95
2.34 79.58
40.6
1.96
1.96
2. 35 79. 18
40.4
2. 37 82. 57
41.7
1.98
2.41 83.18
41.8
1.99
2.41 83. 42
41.5
2.01
41.4
2.40 83.21
2.01
2.39 81.00
40.5
2.00
2. 01
2.37 81.41
40.5
2. 36 81.81
40.7
2.01
2. 37 83.43
41.1
2.03
2. 39 85. 70
41.6
2. 06
Furniture and fixtures
40.5
40.2
39.8
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.5
40.8
41.3
40.8
41.0
40.6
40.5
41.3
41.0
Total: Furniture and
fixtures
$1.52 $70.00
1.58 70.31
1. 55 67. 26
1.56 66.91
1.58 69.06
1.59 68.85
1. 59 72.09
1.59 73.80
1.60 73. 39
1.60 73.03
1.60 74.16
1.61 72. 54
1.00 72.32
1.60 73.12
1.61 72. 58
40.0
39.5
38.0
37.8
38.8
38.9
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.8
41.2
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.1
$1.76
1. 78
1.77
1. 77
1.78
1.77
1. 78
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.S0
1.80
1.79
1.81
1. 81
Office, public-build
ing, and profes
sional furniture2
W ood office fu rn itu re
$78. 99
79. 79
77. 99
76.42
78. 59
77.81
82.22
83.84
81.80
81.00
82.62
82.21
82.21
82.61
82. 82
$64. 71
63.28
60.38
60.64
63.92
63.11
64.94
66.41
65.31
63. 49
67. 47
68.26
67. 78
67.84
67.46
40.3 $1. 96
39.5 2.02
38.8 2.01
38.4 1.99
39.1 2.01
39.1 1.99
40.5 2.03
41.1 2.04
40.1 2. 04
39.9 2. 03
40.3 2.05
40.1 2. 05
40.3 2.04
40.1 2. 06
40.4 2.05
40.7
39.8
37.5
37.9
39.7
40.2
41.1
42.3
41.6
40.7
42.7
42.4
42.1
42.4
41.9
$1.59
1. 59
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.57
1.58
1.57
1.57
1.56
1.58
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.61
Stone, clay, and glass products
Screens, blinds, and
miscellaneous fur
niture and fixtures
$68.40
71. 56
70.05
70.49
71.15
70. 45
72.22
72.45
71. 69
73.98
74. 98
74. 66
72. 58
73.53
73.12
$1.89
1.95
1.93
1.94
1.97
1.95
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.94
1.92
2. 04
2.00
2. 02
1.99
38.2
38.7
37.4
39.0
39.3
38.9
39.8
39.9
39.9
38.8
39.2
37.1
37.9
39.9
39.4
Miscellaneous wood
products
$1.42 $61. 56
1.43 63.52
1.41 61.69
1.43 61.62
1.44 63. 36
1.47 62.96
1.45 64. 40
1.46 64. 87
1.44 66.08
1.40 65.28
1.43 65.60
1. 41 65. 37
1.43 64.80
1.44 66.08
1.44 66. 01
M a ttr e s s e s a n d
bed sp rin g s
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Partitions, shelving,
lockers, and fixtures
West
W ooden boxes, other
than cigar
$1.42 $56. 52
1.44 56. 49
1.42 54. 85
1.43 56. 49
1.44 58. 46
1.45 59.83
1.45 60. 03
1.47 60.01
1.47 57.60
1.44 55. 44
1.46 56.34
1.44 55.55
1.46 56.63
1.47 58.03
1.47 58.03
W ood household f u r
n itu re , u p h o lstered
$72.50
72.37
67.90
65. 68
68.63
69. 01
74.21
76.11
78.06
77. 68
80.41
73.51
74.61
75. 58
72.76
South
39.3 $1.82 $49.29
40.4 $1.22 $88. 62
1. 86 50.43
39.7
41.0
1.23 90.95
38.5
39.7
1.81 48.83
1.23 86.02
1.86 49. 94
39.8
40.6
1.23 91.26
40.6
1.86 51.00
41.8
1.22 91.96
1.88 50. 43
39.7
41.0
1. 23 91.42
40.8
1. 90 52.33
42.2
1. 24 94. 33
41.1
42.4
1.91 52.15
1.23 96.16
40.9
1.91 52. 58
42.4
1.24 96.16
1.90 52.20
42.1
40.1
1.24 93.12
1.89 51.25
40.1
1.25 93. 69
41.0
39.1
1.86 51.25
41.0
1.25 87.93
39.4
1.86 51.25
41.0
1.25 89.44
40.9
1.87 52.92
42.0
1.26 94. 56
40.9
1.88 53.42
42.4
1. 26 94.17
(except furniture)—Continued
Wooden containers5
P ly w o o d
Millwork, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural
wood
products*
S a w m ills a n d p la n in g m ills , general
40.0
40.2
39.8
39.6
40.2
39.8
40.8
40.7
40.5
41.1
41.2
40.8
40.1
40.4
40.4
Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products
$1.71 $83.03
1.78 84.80
1.76 81.51
1.78 82.97
1.77 84.63
1.77 84. 40
1.77 86.90
1.78 88.78
1.77 86.51
1.80 87.53
1.82 87.26
1.83 86.83
1.81 87. 67
1.82 90. 20
1. 81 91. 27
40.5
40.0
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.4
40.2
40.4
41.0
41.3
$2.05
2.12
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.13
2.16
2.11
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.20
2.21
Flat glass
$114. 62
113.10
104.80
105. 09
103.32
108. 29
122.18
128.94
78.12
123. 51
133.35
136. 75
135.20
132. 70
132. 29
40.5
38.6
36.9
37.4
36.9
37.6
41.0
42.0
28.1
40.1
42.2
42.6
41.6
41.6
41.6
Glass and glassware,
pressed or blown 1
$2.83 $83.58
2.93 85. 75
2.84 83.85
2.81 84.71
2.80 86.40
2.88 84.28
2.98 85.97
3.07 85. 97
2. 78 87.67
3.08 87.16
3.16 87.16
3.21 86.11
3.25 87.82
3.19 89. 24
3.18 88.80
39.8
39.7
39.0
39.4
40.0
39.2
39.8
39.8
40.4
39.8
39.8
39.5
40.1
40.2
40.0
$2.10
2.16
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.19
2. 22
2.22
821
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T
able
C - l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg.
wkly.
earn»
lugs
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hriy.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
G lass co n ta iners
1957: Average,_____
1958: Average____
April
M ay________
June_________
July_________
August.............
September___
October___ _
Novem ber. . .
December____
1959: January______
February_____
M arch____ .
April______ -
$85.01
87.05
86.58
87.67
88. 75
86. 37
88. 07
86. 58
88. 73
87.23
86.98
86. 98
87.60
89.47
89.82
40.1
40.3
39.9
40.4
40.9
39.8
40.4
39.9
40.7
40.2
39.9
39.9
40.0
40.3
40.1
$2.12 $81.56
2.16 83.42
2.17 79.92
2.17 80.14
2.17 81.79
2.17 80. 77
2.18 82.04
2.17 85.14
2.18 86.40
2.17 87.25
2.18 87.12
2.18 84.80
2.19 88.44
2. 22 88.40
2.24 87.56
F loor a n d w a ll tile
1957: Average-------- $75.81
76.82
1958- Average__
74.11
April________
76. 44
M ay_____ _
J u n e ________ 77.39
77.18
July_________
Alienist______
78. 59
September___
79. 37
October______ 78.99
November . . .
78. 00
December____ 78.60
1959: January______ 78. 99
February------- 78.01
M a rch ...
77.42
79. 20
April________
39.9
39.6
38.6
39.4
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.7
40.3
40.0
40.1
40.3
39.6
39.3
40.0
P ressed or b lo w n glass
39.4
38.8
37.7
37.8
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.6
40.0
39.3
39.6
38.9
40.2
40.0
39.8
$2.07 $70.67
2.15 71. 55
2.12 67.88
2.12 68.99
2.13 69.72
2.12 70.25
2.12 72.68
2.15 75. 70
2.16 75.07
2.22 76.45
2.20 77.64
2.18 72.89
2.20 71.74
2.21 72. 10
2. 20 74.15
S ew er p ip e
$1.90 $73.26
1.94 73.15
1.92 67. 69
1.94 73. 34
1.93 76.82
1.92 76. 63
1.95 77.81
1.95 79. 59
1.96 79. 60
1.95 76.44
1.96 71.76
1.96 71.80
1.97 73. 34
1.97 76.83
1.98 78. 60
39.6
37.9
36.2
38.0
39.6
39.5
39.7
40.4
40.2
39.0
36.8
37.2
38.0
39.2
39.3
Class products made
of purchased glass
39.7
39.1
37.5
37.7
38.1
38.6
39.5
40.7
40.8
41.1
41.3
39.4
39.2
39.4
40.3
$1.78 $87.91
1. 83 92.92
1.81 89.82
1.83 90.94
1.83 92.11
1.82 95.24
1.84 95.58
1.86 97.82
1.84 96.70
1.86 97.41
1.88 95.18
1. 85 92.98
1.83 93. 53
1.83 95. 51
1.84 96.63
C la y refractories
$1.85 $S3.81
1. 93 85.01
1 . 87 78. 40
1.93 80.19
1.94 83.25
1.94 86. 07
1.96 87.66
1.97 91.72
1.98 91.10
1.96 91.15
1.95 89. 35
1.93 90.92
1.93 95.68
1.96 96.71
2. 00 95. 59
38.8
36.8
35.0
35.8
37.0
37.1
37.3
38.7
38.6
38.3
37.7
38.2
39.7
39.8
39.5
Cement, hydaulic
40.7
40.4
40.1
40.6
40.4
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.8
41.1
40.5
39.4
39.8
40.3
40.6
$2.16 $74. 61
2.30 75.25
2.24 72.38
2.24 74.28
2.28 76.17
2.34 76.19
2. 36 77.95
2. 38 79. 35
2.37 79.15
2.37 78.18
2. 35 75.85
2. 36 75.66
2.35 77.03
2. 37 78. 79
2. 38 79.79
Pottery and related
products
$2.16 $73.48
2.31 73.24
2.24 71.60
2. 24 70.85
2.25 71.40
2. 32 70. 38
2. 35 71.71
2.37 74. 30
2.36 75. 52
2.38 77.29
2. 37 76.43
2.38 77.17
2.41 78.87
2.43 79. 25
2.42 78.83
37.3
35.9
35.1
34.9
35.0
34.5
35.5
36.6
37.2
37.7
37.1
37.1
38.1
38. 1
37.9
Structural clay
products 3
39.9
39.4
38.5
39.3
40.3
40.1
40.6
40.9
40.8
40.3
39.1
39.2
39.5
40.2
40.5
$1.87 $69.60
1.91 70. 99
1.88 69. 95
1.89 70. 82
1.89 72.80
1.90 72. 63
1.92 73.85
1.94 73. 33
1.94 74. 03
1.94 73. 39
1.94 68. 51
1.93 68. 40
1.95 68.34
1.96 71.10
1.97 74.40
Concrete, gypsum, and
plaster products 2
$1.97 $82. 75
2.04 86.43
2.04 81. 76
2. 03 85. 77
2.04 88.20
2. 04 89. 49
2. 02 90. 50
2. 03 90.37
2.03 91.80
2. 05 88.91
2.06 86. 51
2.08 85. 67
2.07 85.48
2. 08 88.99
2. 08 92. 56
43.1
43.0
41.5
43.1
44.1
44.3
44.8
44.3
45.0
43.8
42.2
42.2
41.9
43.2
44. 5
1957: Average........... $70.98
1958- A v e r a g e ..___ 73.31
73.21
April________
74. 98
M ay____ ____
Juno _______ 74.26
J u ly .. _____ 72. 94
73.21
A u g u st_____
September___
75. 21
75.26
October _____
November----- 72. 58
December____ 72.07
1959: January______ 71.31
72.04
February____
72. 98
M arch.. ---75.62
April___ ___
40.1
40. 5
40.9
41.2
40.8
40.3
40.9
41.1
40.9
40.1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40.1
41. 1
$1.77 $86. 67
1.81 87.96
1.79 83.98
1.82 84.58
1.82 87.74
1.81 85. 75
1.79 89. 42
1.83 91.35
1.84 91.62
1.81 91.80
1.82 93.94
1.81 94.16
1.81 95.04
1. 82 95. 72
1. 84 97.21
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
m ills1
1957: Average_____
1958: Average_____
April________
M ay________
June________
July_________
August______
September___
October.......... .
November___
December____
1959: January______
Fehrnary.
M arch.. ___
April________
$104.79
108. 00
100.91
101. 66
106.60
111. 72
112.18
115. 71
114. 52
115. 50
116. 40
120.08
122.00
125.36
127.10
39.1
37.5
36.3
36.7
37.8
38.0
37.9
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.8
39.5
40.0
40.7
41.0
S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products 1
40.5
39.8
38.7
38.8
39.7
38.8
40.1
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.2
41.3
41.5
41.8
41.9
$2.14 $90. 74
2.21 90.40
2.17 87.09
2.18 86. 95
2.21 87.89
2. 21 86.86
2.23 87. 78
2. 25 92.50
2.24 95.18
2.25 95. 58
2.28 98. 88
2.28 98.09
2.29 100.04
2. 29 98.74
2. 32 100.91
B la s t fu rn a c e s, steel
w o rk s, a n d ro lling
m ills , except electro m e ta llu rg ic a l p r o d
u cts
$2.68 $105.18
2.88 108.09
2. 78 101.00
2. 77 101. 75
2.82 106. 97
2. 94 112.10
2.96 112. 56
2.99 116.10
2.99 114.90
3.00 115.89
3.00 116.79
3.04 120.48
3.05 122. 40
3.08 125. 76
3.10 127. 51
39.1
37.4
36.2
36.6
37.8
38.0
37.9
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.8
39.5
40.0
40.7
41.0
A b ra sive p ro d u c ts
$2.69
2.89
2. 79
2. 78
2.83
2. 95
2.97
3.00
3.00
3.01
3.01
3.05
3.06
3.09
3.11
39.8
38.8
37.7
37.0
37.4
37.6
38.0
39.7
40.5
40.5
41.2
40.7
41.0
40.8
41.7
E le ctro m eta llu rg ica l
p ro d u c ts
$93.26
99. 79
99.55
97. 91
98.60
100.65
99.65
101. 45
100. 75
103.12
102.72
103. 07
103.22
104.14
103.38
40.2
40.4
40.8
39.8
39.6
40.1
39.7
40.1
40.3
40.6
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.0
40.7
41.8
40.6
39.1
40.0
41.1
39.8
41.7
41.4
41.5
40.8
41.7
42.1
42.4
42.7
42.2
$2.15
2.21
2.15
2.17
2.20
2. 23
2. 29
2. 28
2.27
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.27
2.31
2.35
Iron and steel found-
$2.32 $87.64
2.47 85.93
2. 44 81.52
2. 46 82. 67
2. 49 85.10
2.51 86.16
2.51 86. 25
2. 53 88. 77
2.50 87.93
2.54 91.87
2.53 94.17
2.52 94.80
2. 53 95.28
2.54 97.53
2. 54 98.17
$1.71
1.74
1. 74
1. 74
1. 75
1.75
1. 75
1.75
1. 75
1.76
1.73
1. 71
1.70
1.73
1.78
43.5
43.1
42.0
43.6
44.3
44.5
45.0
44.4
45.1
43.5
41.2
41.5
41.0
42.8
44.5
$1.84
1.94
1.92
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.97
1.96
1.94
1.95
1.94
1.94
1.98
2.00
Primary metal
industries
A sb esto s p ro d u c ts
$2.28 $89.87
2.33 89.73
2.31 84.07
2. 35 86.80
2.35 90. 42
2.31 88. 75
2.31 95.49
2. 33 94. 39
2.35 94.21
2.36 92.21
2.40 94. 66
2.41 95. 99
2. 44 96.25
2. 42 98. 64
2.42 99.17
40.7
40.8
40.2
40.7
41.6
41.5
42.2
41.9
42.3
41.7
39.6
40.0
40.2
41. 1
41.8
Concrete p ro d u c ts
$1.92 $80.04
2.01 83. 61
1.97 80. 64
1.99 84.58
2.00 85. 94
2. 02 86.78
2.02 87. 75
2.04 87. 47
2. 04 88. 40
2. 03 84.39
2.05 80.34
2. 03 80. 51
2.04 79. 54
2.06 84.74
2.08 89. 00
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Cut-stone and stone
products
B ric k a n d hollow tile
39.3
37.2
35.6
36.1
37.0
37.3
37.5
38.1
37.9
38.6
39.4
39.5
39.7
40.3
40.4
N o n c la y refractories
$90. 20
90. 28
82.69
83. 78
87.97
89. 67
92.13
99.18
95. 63
97.64
107.01
99.43
104.14
107.01
111.34
37.9
36.7
34.6
35.2
36.5
36.9
37.0
39. 2
38.1
38.9
41.0
39.3
39.9
41.0
41.7
$2.38
2. 46
2.39
2. 38
2.41
2. 43
2.49
2. 53
2. 51
2.51
2.61
2. 53
2.61
2.61
2.67
G ra y-iro n fo u n d rie s
$2.23 $84.15
2.31 83. 76
2.29 78.62
2. 29 80. 86
2.30 83.03
2. 31 84.22
2.30 84.15
2. 33 87. 25
2.32 85.88
2.38 90.48
2. 39 92.28
2. 40 93.14
2.40 93.38
2.42 95.36
2.43 96. 48
38.6
36.9
35.1
36.1
36.9
37.1
37.4
38.1
38.0
38.5
39.1
39.3
39.4
39.9
40.2
Total: Primary metal
industries
$98. 75
100.97
95.20
96. 23
99. 96
102. 91
103.95
106. 74
106. 59
108. 08
109.45
110. 80
112. 72
115.34
116. 60
39.5
38.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.5
39.1
38.9
39.3
39.8
40.0
40.4
40.9
41.2
$2.50
2.65
2.58
2. 58
2. 61
2. 68
2. 70
2. 73
2. 74
2. 75
2.75
2.77
2.79
2. 82
2. 83
M a lle a b le-iro n f o u n d
ries
$2.18 $84. 63
2.27 85.73
2.24 80.33
2.24 81.45
2. 25 86. 41
2.27 84.83
2.25 86. 03
2.29 88.94
2.26 85. 33
2.35 91.03
2. 36 96.87
2.37 92. 75
2.37 93. 77
2.39 94.87
2. 40 97.10
39.0
37.6
35.7
36.2
37.9
37.7
37.9
38.5
37.1
38.9
40.7
39.3
39.9
40.2
40.8
$2.17
2. 28
2.25
2. 25
2.28
2.25
2.27
2.31
2.30
2.34
2.38
2.36
2.35
2. 36
2. 38
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T a b l e C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry l—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg,
brly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Year and month
Primary metal industries—Continued
S te e l fo u n d rie s
1957: Average_____
1958: Average_____
April________
M a y ________
June________
J u ly ................
A u g u s t ...----September___
October______
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February. __
March_______
April______ .
$95. 65
91.37
88.08
87.00
88.81
91. 50
91.74
92. 61
94.35
95. 73
98 60
100. 00
101.81
104. 24
103. 63
40.7
37.6
36.7
3«. 1
36.7
37 5
37.6
37.8
38 2
38.6
39.6
40.0
40. 4
41. 2
40.8
$2. 35
2. 43
2. 40
2.41
2.42
2. 44
2. 44
2. 45
2 47
2. 48
2 49
2.50
2. 52
2. 53
2. 54
R o llin g , d ra w in g ,
a n d a llo yin g
o f co p p er
1957: Averaee_____
1958: Average-------April________
M a y .. _____
June................
July-------------A u g u st...........
September___
October_____
November___
December.......
1959: January...........
February.. .
March__ ____
April________
$94. 54
98. 25
90 82
91.54
98.17
99. 88
101.52
102. 59
104. 42
107. 95
108. 89
107. 19
109. 74
112.84
112. 67
40 4
40. 1
38.0
38.3
40.4
40 6
41. 1
41.2
41.6
42. 5
42 7
42.2
42.7
43.4
43.5
$2. 34
2.45
2. 39
2. 39
2. 43
2. 46
2.47
2. 49
2.51
2. 54
2. 55
2. 54
2. 57
2. 60
2.59
Primary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals 1
$95. 82
99. 05
97. 04
96 96
96 96
98. 55
99. 54
101. 05
102. 36
104. 04
105. 06
105.16
105. 06
103. 89
104. 65
1957: Average........... $99.05
1958: Average_____ 103. 22
99. 96
April________
97.66
M a y ________
J u n e ........... . 102.83
July------------- 107. 74
August__ ____ 112. 34
September___ 105.18
October............ 110. 00
November___ 108. 78
December....... 107. 56
1959: January_____ 110.28
February____ 109.81
March_______ 115. 92
April___ . . . 119. 00
40.1
39. 1
39 2
38.0
39.4
40 2
41.3
39 1
40 0
39.7
39.4
40.1
39.5
41.4
41.9
H a rd w a re
1957: Average......... $89.13
89.42
1958: Average_____
82. 56
April________
M a y ________
85.80
88. 93
June________
July....... ........... 86. 80
90.98
August______
88.40
September___
October______ 90.93
97.98
November___
December___ 103. 13
95. 87
1959: January_____
94.99
February____
March_______ 94.99
A p ril... . . . _ 94.12
40.7
40.1
37.7
39.0
39.7
39. 1
40.8
40 0
43 3
42 6
43. 7
41.5
41.3
41.3
41.1
S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2. 36 $89. 91
2. 47 90.12
2. 42 88. 31
2. 43 87.42
2. 43 89.10
2. 47 90. 46
2.52 89.24
2. 52 91.01
2. 54 91.54
2. 55 94.89
2. 55 96.00
2. 54 96. 74
2. 55 94. 71
2.54 94. 66
2. 54 95.17
R o llin g , d ra w in g ,
a n d a llo yin g
o f a lu m in u m
$96.00
105.44
102. 47
103. 68
106.04
101. 26
107. 20
108. 27
110. 97
112. 19
110.16
108. 54
113. 30
114.81
116. 20
Primary metal in
dustries—Continued
W elded a n d heavyriveted p ip e
40.6
40.1
40. 1
39. 9
39.9
39.9
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.8
41.2
41.4
41.2
40.9
41.2
40 0
40.4
40.5
40.5
41.1
39.4
40.0
40.1
41.1
41.4
40.8
40.2
41.5
41.9
42.1
P r im a r y s m e ltin g a n d
refin in g o f co p p e r,
lead, a n d zinc
40.5
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.6
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.8
40.9
41.2
41.7
41.0
40.8
41.2
$2. 22
2.27
2. 23
2.23
2. 25
2. 29
2.30
2.31
2. 30
2. 32
2. 33
2. 32
2.31
2. 32
2.31
Nonferrous foundries
$2.40 $91.20
2.61 93. 06
2. 53 88. 86
2.56 90. 87
2.58 93.60
2. 57 91.96
2. 68 93.60
2. 70 95.18
2. 70 94. 87
2.71 96.63
2. 70 98. 95
2.70 98.16
2. 73 97. 44
2.74 97. 51
2. 76 99. 05
40.0
39.6
38.3
39.0
40.0
39.3
40.0
40. 5
40.2
40.6
41.4
40.9
40.6
40.8
41.1
P r im a r y refin in g o f
a lu m in u m
$103.68
111.91
109. 62
110. 43
108.80
108. 78
115.20
117. 38
118. 90
117. 74
118. 49
117.05
117. 45
118. 73
119.02
40. 5
40.4
40.6
40.6
40.0
39. 7
40.0
40.9
41.0
40.6
41.0
40.5
40.5
40.8
40.9
$2. 56 $87. 53
2. 77 88. 84
2. 70 87.60
2. 72 85. 72
2. 72 86.37
2. 74 88. 44
2.88 89. 73
2. 87 90. 72
2.90 93.15
2.90 93. 34
2.89 93 30
2. 89 92. 43
2. 90 92.03
2.91 93.98
2.91 93. 79
Miscellaneous pri
mary metal
industries *
$2. 28 $100. 85
2.35 102.31
2. 32 96.14
2. 33 97.02
2. 34 101.14
2. 34 102. 83
2. 34 104.15
2.35 106.13
2. 36 106. 93
2. 38 109. 48
2. 39 111. 38
2. 40 111.38
2. 40 112. 89
2. 39 115. 09
2.41 116. 48
40. 5
39.2
37. 7
37.9
39.2
39. 4
39.6
39.9
39.9
40.4
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.7
41.9
Secondary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
40.9
40.2
40.0
39.5
39.8
40. 2
40.6
40.5
41.4
41.3
41. 1
40.9
40.9
41 4
41.5
$2.14
2.21
2.19
2.17
2.17
2.20
2.21
2. 24
2.25
2. 26
2. 27
2. 26
2. 25
2.27
2. 26
Iro n a n d steel fo rg in g s
$2. 49 $105. 97
2.61 103. 03
2. 55 97. 94
2.56 98 58
2. 58 101.46
2.61 103. 60
2. 63 101. 57
2.66 104.34
2.68 104. 83
2.71 108. 42
2. 71 113. 12
2. 71 112. 56
2. 74 114.21
2. 76 113. 65
2. 78 115.59
40.6
38.3
37.1
37.2
38.0
38.8
37.9
38.5
38.4
39.0
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.3
40.7
$2.61
2.69
2. 64
2. 65
2. 67
2. 67
2.68
2. 71
2. 73
2. 78
2. 80
2. 80
2. 82
2. 82
2.84
Polling, drawing, and
alloying of nonferrous
metals 3
$95. 51
100. 90
95. 80
96. 43
101.09
99 75
103. 02
104. 60
106. 30
108. 52
108. 94
106. 97
110. 56
112.20
113.42
40.3
40.2
39.1
39.2
40.6
39.9
40.4
40. 7
41.2
41.9
41.9
41.3
42.2
42. 5
42.8
$2. 37
2.51
2. 45
2. 46
2. 49
2. 50
2. 55
2. 57
2.58
2. 59
2 60
2.59
2.62
2. 64
2. 65
W ire d ra w in g
$96. 63
100. 15
91. 26
94.33
99. 45
99. 25
102. 72
105.88
105. 52
107. 90
110. 40
107. 74
108. 99
112. 63
112.78
40.6
39.9
37.4
38.5
40.1
39.7
40.6
41.2
40.9
41.5
42.3
41.6
41.6
42.5
42.4
$2.38
2.51
2. 44
2. 45
2. 48
2. 50
2. 53
2. 57
2. 58
2.60
2. 61
2.59
2. 62
2. 65
2. 66
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)
Total: Fabricated
metal products
$2. 47 $88. 94
2. 64 90.80
2. 55 87. 14
2.57 88. 65
2. 61 90.80
2.68 91.20
2. 72 92 52
2.69 93.89
2. 75 93.02
2. 74 94. 66
2. 73 96.00
2. 75 93. 96
2. 78 94.13
2. 80 95. 88
2. 84 96. 59
40.8
40.0
38.9
39.4
40.0
40. 0
40.4
41.0
40.8
40.8
41.2
40.5
40.4
40.8
41.1
$2.18
2. 27
2. 24
2.25
2. 27
2. 28
2.29
2. 29
2. 28
2.32
2. 33
2. 32
2.33
2.35
2. 35
Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies *
$2.19 $83. 95
2. 23 87.91
2.19 85.14
2.20 84. 75
2. 24 87. 07
2. 22 86. 19
2. 23 88. 58
2. 21 92. 03
2. 10 92. 70
2. 30 90. 50
2. 30 90.90
2.31 89. 60
2. 30 91.66
2. 30 91.43
2.29 90.74
39.6
39.6
38.7
38.7
39.4
39.0
39.9
40.9
41.2
40.4
40.4
40.0
40.2
40. 1
39.8
Tin cans and other
tinware
$96. 88
104. 42
98. 74
102.59
106. 68
107. 68
110.16
107. 78
106. 55
108. 52
106. 45
106. 86
107. 27
106. 86
108. 84
41.4
41.6
40.3
41.2
42.5
42. 9
43.2
42.6
41.3
41.9
41. 1
41.1
41.1
41. 1
41.7
$2.34 $85.65
2. 51 86.15
2. 45 81.53
2. 49 83. 21
2.51 85. 67
2.51 84. 46
2. 55 86.80
2. 53 86.18
2. 58 87. 99
2. 59 92.77
2. 59 96. 02
2. 60 91.62
2. 61 91.21
2. 60 91.62
2.61 91.21
S a n ita r y w a re a n d
p lu m b e r s ’ s u p p lie s
$2.12 $86. 41
2. 22 90. 55
2.20 86. 94
2.19 86. 79
2. 21 91.48
2. 21 88. 85
2. 22 90. 62
2. 25 94. 24
2. 25 92 97
2.24 94. 30
2. 25 95.94
2. 24 93. 90
2. 28 96. 72
2.28 97.68
2.28 96.24
39.1
39.2
37.8
37.9
39.6
38.8
39.4
40.1
39.9
40.3
41.0
40.3
40.3
40.7
40.1
Cutlery, handtools,
and hardware 1
40 4
39.7
38.1
38.7
39.3
39.1
40.0
39.9
41.7
41.6
42.3
40.9
40.9
40.9
40.9
$2.12 $74.77
2.17 76. 24
2.14 75. 26
2.15 75.85
2.18 75.46
2.16 75. 83
2.17 75.05
2.16 76. 78
2.11 78. 78
2. 23 79. 77
2. 27 78. 98
2. 24 77. 79
2. 23 79.58
2. 24 78.60
2. 23 79. 79
O il b u rn ers, n onelec
tric heating a n d cook
ing a p p a r a tu s , not
elsew here classified
$2. 21 $82. 58
2.31 86. 37
2.30 84. 07
2. 29 83. 85
2.31 84.89
2.29 84.85
2.30 87.42
2. 35 91.27
2. 33 92.80
2.34 88. 88
2. 34 88.84
2. 33 88.18
2. 40 89. 02
2.40 88. 75
2.40 88.53
39.7
39.8
39. 1
39.0
39.3
39. 1
40. 1
41.3
41.8
40.4
40.2
39.9
40.1
39.8
39.7
C u tle ry a n d edge tools
40.2
39.5
39.2
39.1
39.1
39.7
39.5
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.5
40.1
40.6
39.9
40.3
H a n d to o ls
$1.86 $83. 37
1.93 85.19
1.92 82.94
1.94 81.38
1.93 83. 71
1.91 83. 76
1.90 84. 70
1.91 87. 25
1.95 88 31
1.96 89. 38
1.95 89.20
1.94 89.82
1.96 90. 45
1.97 91.94
1.98 91. 35
39.7
38.9
38.4
37.5
38.4
38.6
38. 5
39.3
39 6
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.5
40.6
$2.10
2.19
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.17
2.20
2.22
2. 23
2. 24
2. 23
2.24
2. 25
2.27
2. 25
Fabricated structural
S tr u c tu r a l steel a n d
o rn a m e n ta l m e ta lw ork
metal products 3
$2.08 $92. 99
2.17 93.43
2.15 90. 46
2.15 91.54
2.16 93.56
2.17 94. 94
2.18 96. 52
2.21 96. 46
2.22 95 11
2. 20 94.80
2.21 95.04
2.21 92.98
2.22 93. 62
2.23 94. 72
2. 23 96. 72
41.7
40.1
39.5
39.8
40.5
40.4
40.9
40.7
40.3
40.0
40.1
39.4
39.5
39.8
40.3
$2. 23 $94. 73
2.33 93. 67
2. 29 90. 91
2.30 93.09
2. 31 94.02
2. 35 95. 88
2.36 97. 23
2. 37 96. 05
2. 36 94. 56
2.37 93. 46
2.37 92. 59
2.36 91.03
2.37 92. 51
2. 38 93. 22
2.40 94.33
42.1
40.2
39.7
40.3
40. 7
40.8
41.2
40.7
39.9
39.6
39.4
38.9
39.2
39.5
39.8
$2. 25
2. 33
2. 29
2. 31
2. 31
2.35
2.36
2. 36
2 37
2. 36
2. 35
2.34
2.36
2. 36
2.37
823
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly,
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Con tin ued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
M e ta l doors, sash,
fr a m e s , m o ld in g
a n d trim
1957: Average--------- $89. 79
1958: Average--------- 89. 15
April------------- 84.86
87.52
M ay________
88. 75
June________
July................... 90.68
91.30
August______
91.71
September___
October______ 91.13
92. 11
November___
December____ 92. 11
86.24
1959: January_____
87.01
February____
March_______ 89.60
92. 92
April-.............
41.0
39.8
38.4
39. 6
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.4
40.4
38.5
38.5
39.3
40.4
$2.19 $92. 77
2. 24 94. 80
2.21 92. 73
2.21 90. 17
2. 23 94.71
2.25 94. 96
2. 26 95. 92
2. 27 97. 04
2. 25 97.53
2. 28 97. 44
2. 28 98.58
2.24 97.69
2.26 96. 47
2. 28 97. 76
2.30 98.49
Lighting fixtures
1957: Average--------- $79. 80
80. 17
1958: Average_____
75.75
April________
M ay................. 78. 13
80.57
June________
J u ly - ............... 81.97
81.81
August______
83. 84
September___
October______ 81.40
November___
85. 48
December____ 85.48
85.03
1959: January-------February......... 84. 21
M arch_______ 84.42
April................. 87. 77
39. 7
39.3
37. 5
38.3
39.3
39.6
40.3
40.7
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.3
40.1
40.2
41.4
B o iler-sh o p p ro d u c ts
41.6
40.0
39.8
38. 7
40.3
39.9
39.8
40.1
40.3
40 1
40.4
40.2
39.7
39.9
40.2
$2. 23
2.37
2.33
2. 33
2. 35
2. 38
2.41
2. 42
2. 42
2. 43
2.44
2. 43
2.43
2.45
2.45
Fabricated wire
products
$2.01 $82.21
2. 04 83. 74
2.02 80.26
2. 04 81.30
2. 05 82. 92
2. 07 82.89
2.03 82.92
2. 06 87. 10
2. 00 86.48
2. 09 86. 58
2 09 90.25
2.11 88.75
2.10 87. 67
2.10 89. 54
2.12 90. 42
40.1
39.5
38.4
38.9
39.3
39. 1
39.3
40.7
40.6
39.9
41.4
40.9
40.4
40.7
41.1
$93. 56
96.46
92. 43
95.24
97. 47
96. 32
101. 70
101.22
99.12
96. 48
99.87
98.42
98. 90
100.04
102. 51
41.4
40.7
39.5
40.7
41.3
40.3
42.2
42.0
41.3
40.2
41.1
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.5
$2.26
2.37
2.34
2. 34
2. 36
2. 39
2.41
2.41
2. 40
2.40
2.43
2.43
2. 43
2. 44
2. 47
Miscellaneous fab
ricated metal
products 3
$2.05 $39.01
2. 12 88. 53
2.09 81. 75
2.09 83. 22
2.11 85. 97
2.12 87. 86
2.11 90. 68
2.14 93. 98
2.13 93.71
2.17 94.62
2. 18 95. 30
2.17 94.85
2.17 96. 56
2. 20 98.37
2.20 99.03
41.4
39.7
37.5
38.0
38.9
39. 4
40.3
41.4
41.1
41.5
41.8
41.6
41.8
42.4
42.5
$2.15
2. 23
2. 18
2.19
2.21
2. 23
2. 25
2. 27
2. 28
2. 28
2.28
2.28
2.31
2. 32
2. 33
Fabricated metal
products
(except
ordnance, machin
ery & transportation
equipment) —Con.
S crew -m a ch in e
p ro d u c ts
1957: Average--------- $87. 99
84. 74
1958: Average_____
79. 76
April-----------79. 76
M ay________
June.................. 82.01
July-------------- 84. 10
86. 43
August______
88. 34
September___
89. 82
October_____
November___
90. 03
December____ 91. 56
91.78
1959: January-------February......... 92. 40
March............ - 93. 94
April............... . 92.42
41.7
39.6
37.8
37.8
38.5
39.3
40.2
40.9
41.2
41.3
42.0
42.1
42.0
42.7
42.2
$2.11
2.14
2.11
2. 11
2.13
2. 14
2. 15
2.16
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.18
2. 20
2. 20
2.19
1957: Average--------1958: Average--------April-----------M ay____ ____
June..................
July..................
August.............
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January............
February____
March_______
April.................
$93. 22
97.89
98.21
102. 97
100. 44
103. 53
98. 36
96. 75
98. 89
90 21
99. 33
105.82
109.06
112. 17
109. 75
39.
39.0
39.6
40.7
39.7
40.6
39.5
38.7
39.4
35. 1
38.8
40.7
41.0
41.7
40.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.36
2.51
2. 48
2.53
2. 53
2. 55
2.49
2.50
2.51
2. 57
2.56
2.60
2.66
2.69
2.69
$90.13
92.63
90.68
92.40
93. 03
93.26
92. 10
95. 40
91.25
96.70
100. 50
97.51
97.36
100. 77
101. 75
40.6
40.1
39.6
40.0
40. 1
40.2
39. 7
41.3
40.2
40.8
41.7
40.8
40.4
41.3
41.7
V itreo us-en a m eled
p ro d u c ts
$2.22 $70. 49
2.31 74.82
2. 29 66.60
2.31 72.00
2. 32 74.66
2. 32 79. 76
2.32 73.49
2. 31 81.06
2. 27 82.03
2. 37 82. 75
2.41 80.03
2.39 75. 48
2.41 80. 54
2.44 84.22
2.44 84. 04
M e ta l sh ip p in g
barrels, d r u m s, kegs,
a n d p a ils
$98. 64
102.31
99.54
101.59
104. 66
107. 61
110.25
115. 02
99. 84
103.17
101.63
102. 80
106. 52
111.78
116. 77
41. 1
40.6
40.3
40.8
42.2
42.2
42.9
43.9
39.0
40.3
39.7
40.0
40.5
42.5
43.9
$2.40
2.52
2. 47
2. 49
2. 48
2. 55
2. 57
2. 62
2. 56
2. 56
2. 56
2. 57
2.63
2.63
2. 66
39.6
39.8
36.0
38.5
39.5
42. 2
39.3
42.0
42.5
43.1
41.9
40.8
43.3
44.8
44.0
$1. 78
1. 88
1.85
1.87
1.89
1.89
1.87
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.85
1.86
1.88
1.91
40.6
38.3
37.7
36.9
38.4
38.2
38.3
38.7
39 7
40.1
40.5
39.9
40. 1
41.3
40.9
$93. 84
97.04
96. 00
97. 69
97.93
97.69
96. 07
99. 60
94. 09
101.09
107. 10
102.41
102.11
106. 40
107.43
40.8
40. 1
40.0
40.2
40.3
40. 2
39.7
41. 5
39.7
40.6
42.0
40.8
40.2
41.4
41.8
$2 30
2.42
2. 40
2. 43
2. 43
2. 43
2. 42
2. 40
2. 37
2. 49
2. 55
2.51
2. 54
2. 57
2. 57
B o lts, n u ts ,
w a sh e rs, a n d
rivets
S te e l s p rin g s
$95. 41
91.54
88. 60
86.72
91.01
91.30
91. 54
92. 49
96. 47
97.04
100. 04
98. 95
99.85
105. 73
103.89
S ta m p e d a n d
p resse d m etal
p ro d u c ts
$2.35
2. 39
2. 35
2.35
2. 37
2. 39
2. 39
2. 39
2. 43
2.42
2. 47
2. 48
2. 49
2. 56
2. 54
$91.08
89. 77
78. 59
81. 54
84.98
86. 79
91.64
97. 76
97.94
99.30
100. 01
99. 78
102. 00
103. 63
105. 27
41. 4
39.2
35.4
36.4
37.6
37.9
39. 5
41.6
41.5
41.9
42.2
42.1
42.5
43.0
43.5
$2 20
2.29
2 22
2. 24
2. 26
2. 29
2.32
2. 35
2. 36
2.37
2.37
2.37
2.40
2.41
2.42
Machinery (except electrical)
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
$94. 30
94.25
92. 75
93 38
94. 25
93. 77
93. 77
95. 60
94. 41
96.96
99. 06
99.31
100. 61
102.42
103.09
41.0
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.4
40.0
39.5
39.9
40.6
40.7
40.9
41.3
41.4
$2.30
2. 38
2.36
2. 37
2. 38
2.38
2.38
2.39
2.39
2. 43
2. 44
2.44
2. 46
2.48
2.49
A g r ic u ltu r a l m a
chinery (except tra c
tors)
T ra cto rs
Metal stamping,
coating, and en
graving 3
S h eet-m eta l w ork
$89. 20
92. 97
93.26
93.50
94.60
92. 27
91.87
94. 24
93. 83
87. 79
95.00
93. 30
100. 94
102. 90
101.99
40.0
39.9
40.2
40 3
40.6
39.6
39.6
40. 1
40.1
37.2
40.6
39.7
41.2
42.0
41.8
S te a m en gin es, tu r
b in es, a n d w a te r
w heels
Engines and
turbines 3
$99. 55
102. 26
100.00
99. 75
102. 26
99. 57
101.12
104. 49
105. 82
103.36
105.97
107. 53
107. 98
111.41
111. 33
40.8
40. 1
40.0
39.9
40.1
39.2
39.5
40 5
40.7
39.6
40.6
41.2
40.9
42.2
42.2
$2. 44 $113.05
2. 55 109. 07
2. 50 106. 27
2. 50 106. 93
2. 55 109.21
2. 54 108.13
2. 56 111.93
2.58 114.65
2.60 116. 31
2.61 113.24
2.61 110. 37
2.61 109.69
2. 64 109. 81
2. 64 109. 93
2. 65 111.60
Construction and
mining machinery 3
$2.23 $92. 84
2. 33 91.89
2. 32 89. 24
2 32 89.94
2. 33 90.09
2. 33 91.80
2. 32 93.22
2. 35 94. 25
2. 34 94. 09
2. 36 96.00
2. 34 97. 53
2. 35 97.77
2. 45 99. 55
2. 45 102.41
2.44 102. 58
40.9
39. 1
38.3
38.6
38.5
38.9
39.5
39.6
39 7
40.0
40.3
40.4
40.8
41.8
41.7
42.5
40.1
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.9
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.3
39.7
39.6
39.5
39.4
40.0
$2. 66
2. 72
2.67
2. 68
2.71
2.71
2.75
2.81
2. 83
2.81
2. 78
2.77
2. 78
2. 79
2. 79
C o n stru ctio n an d m in
ing m a ch in ery, except
oilfield m a chinery
$2.27 $92.39
2.35 91. 65
2. 33 89. 32
2.33 90.40
2. 34 90. 79
2. 36 93. 14
2. 36 92. 98
2. 38 94.41
2.37 92. 90
2. 40 94.88
2. 42 96.32
2.42 96. 80
2. 44 98.98
2. 45 101 35
2.46 102. 51
40.7
39.0
38. 5
38.8
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.7
39.8
40.0
40.4
41.2
41.5
$2.27
2. 35
2.32
2.33
2. 34
2. 37
2.36
2. 39
2. 37
2.39
2. 42
2. 42
2. 45
2.46
2.47
D iesel a n d other in
te r n a l- c o m b u s tio n
en gin es, n o t else
where classified
$95. 51
99. 85
98.00
97.36
99. 60
96. 72
97. 36
101. 40
102.31
100. 47
104.70
107. 17
107. 53
111.71
111. 87
40.3
40. 1
40.0
39.9
40.0
39. 0
39.1
40.4
40.6
39.4
40.9
41.7
41.2
42.8
42.7
$2.37
2.49
2. 45
2. 44
2. 49
2. 48
2. 49
2. 51
2. 52
2. 55
2. 56
2.57
2.61
2.01
2. 62
O ilfield m a chinery
a n d tools
$93. 75
92. 75
88. 22
88. 92
88. 69
89.30
93. 06
94.40
96. 70
98. 33
100. 43
99.77
100. 50
104.98
102. 72
41.3
39.3
37.7
38.0
37.9
38.0
39.6
40.0
40.8
40 8
41.5
41.4
41.7
43.2
42.
Agricultural machin
ery and tractors 3
$91.31
95. 59
95. 76
98.01
97.28
97. 84
95.04
95. 74
96.47
88. 69
97. 27
100. 35
105.22
107. 84
106.14
39.7
39.5
39.9
40.5
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.4
39.7
36.2
39.7
40.3
41.1
41.8
41.3
$2 30
2.42
2.40
2.42
2. 42
2. 44
2. 40
2. 43
2. 43
2. 45
2.45
2.49
2. 56
2. 58
2. 57
Metalworking
machinery ®
$2. 27 $106. 57
2. 36 101.38
2. 34 104.00
2. 34 103.10
2. 34 102.05
2. 35 99. 58
2.35 97.41
2. 36 99.31
2. 37 99.31
2.41 102.17
2.42 105.15
2.41 106.90
2.41 110. 39
2.43 112. 56
2.44 114. 75
42 8
39 6
40.0
39.5
39.4
38.9
38.5
39.1
39. 1
39.6
40.6
40.8
41.5
42.0
42.5
$2. 49
2. 56
2.60
2. 61
2. 59
2.56
2. 53
2. 54
2. 54
2. 58
2.59
2.62
2.66
2.68
2. 70
824
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
A vg.
w k ly .
ear n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h ours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
ea r n
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h ours
A vg.
h r ly .
ea r n
in g s
M a n u ía c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d
Y ea r an d m o n th
D u r a b le g o o d s— C o n tin u e d
M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l)— C o n tin u e d
M a ch in e tools
1057: Average_____ $100. 86
1958: Average—........ 90. 82
89. 49
April________
M a y .......... ....... 88.67
June_________ 89. 76
July-------------- 88. 43
88.77
August______
91.06
September___
O c to b e r ..___ 91. 82
93.
27
November___
December____ 95. 83
95.26
1959: January_____
96. 87
February____
M arch_______ 98.80
April________ 102.25
42.2
38.0
37.6
37.1
37.4
37.0
37.3
38.1
38.1
38.7
39.6
39.2
39.7
40.0
40.9
$2.39
2.39
2. 38
2.39
2.40
2. 39
2.38
2.39
2.41
2.41
2. 42
2.43
2. 44
2.47
2.50
P a p e r-in d u s tr ie s
m a chinery
1957: Average______ $96. 78
1958: Average--------- 89.60
86. 24
April________
89.20
M a y ...............
June_________ 88.31
July................... 88. 88
89.10
A ugust______
89. 72
September___
October............ 91.14
94.07
November___
December____ 96. 51
95. 87
1959: January-------96. 74
February____
M arch_______ 97.86
94. 71
April________
44.6
40.0
39.2
40.0
39.6
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
40.9
41.6
41.5
41.7
42.0
41.0
$2.17
2.24
2. 20
2. 23
2. 23
2. 25
2. 25
2. 20
2. 29
2.30
2.32
2.31
2. 32
2.33
2. 31
I n d u s tr ia l tru ck s,
tra cto rs, etc.
1957: Average_____ $89. 78
93.46
1958: Average_____
April________
90. 48
M ay________
91.34
June_________ 91.57
Julv_________ 93. 62
97.75
August______
September___ 100. 28
October______ 94. 71
November___
95. 59
December____ 97. 36
1959: January........... 96.62
February____
96.92
March______
98.80
A pril________ 104.33
39.9
39.6
39 0
39.2
39.3
39.5
40.9
41.1
39.3
39.5
39.9
39.6
39.4
40.0
41.4
$2. 25
2. 36
2.32
2.33
2. 33
2. 37
2.39
2. 44
2.41
2.42
2. 44
2.44
2.46
2. 47
2. 52
Service-industry and
household m achines 3
1957: Average_____ $87.30
1958: Average.........
90.68
A pril.......... .
85.88
M ay_________ 89. 21
June_________ 90. 74
July-------------- 91.31
August— ........ 91.31
94.89
September___
October______ 87.25
N o v e m b e r ____
95.34
December____ 97.17
1959: January_____
95.82
February......... 95.34
M arch__ . . .
95.11
April___. . . _
96.63
39.5
39.6
38.0
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.7
40.9
38.1
40.4
41.0
40.6
40.4
40.3
40.6
See footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M e ta lw o rk in g
m a
chinery (ex c ep t m a
chine tools )
$99. 42
97.64
96. 61
93. 61
95.23
97. 52
99. 58
98. 04
99. 71
101.12
102. 91
102.94
104. 64
106. 34
107. 53
41.6
38.9
38.8
37.9
38.4
38.7
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.5
40.2
39.9
40.4
40.9
41.2
$2.39 $112.67
2.51 108. 40
2. 49 113. 30
2.17 113.58
2. 48 110. 70
2. 52 106. 00
2. 56 101. 40
2. 54 103. 88
2. 55 103.22
2. 56 106.67
2. 56 110. 42
2.58 113.70
2.59 118.43
2.60 121. 24
2.61 123.23
P r in tin g -tra d e s m a ch in ery a n d e q u ip
m ent
$99. 90
98. 33
98. 49
97. 69
97. 69
96. 62
95.06
99. 54
97. 51
100.94
102. 92
105.34
106. 93
107. 61
108. 54
41.8
40.3
40.7
40.2
40.2
39.6
38.8
40.3
39.8
40.7
41.5
41.8
42.1
42.2
42.4
41.1
39.3
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.2
40.0
40.7
41.3
40.8
40.9
41.6
41.8
$2. 21 $88. 53
2.29 95.68
2 26 85. 88
2.27 91.39
2.28 94. 25
2.30 96.16
2. 30 98.23
2. 32 111.60
2. 29 101. 40
2. 36 97.93
2. 37 97. 69
2.36 96.96
2.36 98.58
2. 36 96. 62
2.38 96. 38
39.0
40.2
36.7
38.4
39.6
39.9
41.8
45.0
41.9
40.3
40.2
39.9
40.4
39.6
39.5
41.1
39.6
39.1
39.2
39.7
39.3
39.5
39.8
39.8
40.1
40.6
40.5
40.6
41.1
41.4
41.3
39.7
39.4
38.3
38.9
39.6
38.9
40.7
40.5
40.1
42.0
40.3
41.7
40.9
40.7
41.3
39.8
37.7
37.9
40.1
38.2
39.6
39.3
41.1
42.3
42.7
42.2
42.3
42.2
41.8
41.5
39.8
39.3
39.3
39.4
39.4
39.7
40.2
40.2
40.5
41.1
41.3
41.4
41.3
41.3
$2.17 $91. 02
2. 25 93.15
2. 22 91.48
2.23 91.25
2.24 93.38
2.25 94. 48
2.26 96.00
2.27 94. 89
2. 27 95.06
2.29 94.13
2. 30 94.83
2.30 97.00
2.31 96.70
2.32 98.23
2.32 97.82
P u m p s , a ir a n d gas
c o m p re sso rs
$2.26 $90.20
2. 35 89.83
2.31 88. 59
2.32 88. 65
2.34 91.20
2. 34 89. 54
2. 36 90.23
2. 37 91.31
2. 39 91.87
2.40 92.73
2.41 94. 54
2.40 93.90
2.41 96.12
2.42 96. 59
2.42 96. 64
41.0
39.4
39.2
39.4
40.0
39.1
39.4
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.4
40.3
40.9
41.1
41.3
40.1
39.7
39.4
39.3
39.9
40.0
39.6
40.4
40.2
40.4
40.2
40.1
39.9
40.1
39.9
$2.25
2.35
2. 33
2.32
2.34
2.34
2.36
2.36
2. 37
2. 39
2. 40
2.41
2. 42
2.42
2.44
S e w in g m achines
$2.03 $89. 20
2.13 88.82
2.11 88. 59
2.10 86.03
2.15 87.24
2 31 87. 01
2.18 87.85
2.16 87. 14
2.14 86.91
2.14 89.67
2.17 92.29
2.12 91.08
2.14 91.08
2.14 89.17
2. IS 94 S3
40.0
39.3
39.2
37.9
38.6
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.5
40.3
39.6
39.6
38.6
40 7
41.0
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.9
40.8
40.4
40.7
41.1
40.8
41.1
41.1
41.6
38.7
38.7
38.8
39.4
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.2
38.6
38.9
39.4
39.9
41.0
41.8
40.5
40.5
40.2
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.7
40.6
40.5
40.5
40.5
40.7
$2.23 $87. 64
2.26 90.85
2. 26 86.26
2. 27 GO. 74
2.26 91.20
2.26 91.77
2.27 91.64
2.24 93. 32
2.24 82.40
2.27 96. 39
2.29 98. 88
2.30 97.27
2.30 95.91
2.31 96. 39
2. 33 97. 92
39.3
39.5
38.0
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.5
40.4
36.3
40.5
41.2
40.7
40.3
40.5
40.8
$1. 91
1.95
1. 92
1.94
1.96
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.98
2.01
1.99
1.99
2.02
2.02
40.5
40.0
39.3
39.3
40.5
40.3
40.3
40.6
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.5
40.4
39.9
40.2
$2.16
2.24
2.19
2.24
2.22
2.23
2.25
2.28
2.29
2.29
2.28
2.26
2.27
2.26
2.27
T y p e w r ite r s 2
$2. 42 $76. 64
2. 55 77.20
2.51 73. 09
2.50 74. 84
2.53 79.60
2. 54 77. 42
2. 56 77. 40
2. 57 81.41
2. 59 82. 01
2. 62 83.63
2.64 81.39
2.64 81.37
2.65 80.16
2.64 81.97
2. 67 80.70
R efrigerators a n d airco n d itio n in g u n its
40.6
39.1
38.0
37.6
37.9
38.0
39.0
40.0
40.1
40.3
41.1
41.6
41.5
41.6
41.3
B lo w e rs , ex h a u st and
ven tila tin g fa n s
$2.37 $87. 48
2.42 89.60
2. 39 86.07
2. 40 88.08
2. 41 89.91
2. 42 89. 87
2. 44 90.68
2.44 92. 57
2. 44 92. 97
2.45 92.75
2. 46 92. 57
2.46 91.53
2. 48 91.71
2. 50 90.17
2. 50 91.25
C o m p u tin g m achines
a n d cash registers
$98.01
103.28
100. 90
100.00
102.21
104.14
103. 42
104. 34
104. 90
106. 63
107.18
106.92
107.33
106.92
108. 67
T extile m a chinery
$2. 22 $77. 55
2.30 76.25
2. 27 72. 96
2.27 72. 94
2.30 74.28
2. 31 74. 48
2. 33 76. 83
2. 32 78.80
2. 33 79.00
2.33 79. 79
2. 33 82. 61
2.36 82. 78
2. 37 82. 59
2.39 84. 03
2.38 83.43
C onveyors a n d conveyin g e q u ip m e n t
$2.20 $98. 59
2.28 93.65
2.26 92. 49
2. 25 93.12
2.28 94.95
2. 29 92. 69
2. 29 93.94
2.30 93.94
2. 32 93.21
2.33 94. 57
2. 34 95.69
2.33 96.92
2. 35 98.95
2.35 102. 50
2.34 104. 50
Office and store machines and devices2
$2.28 $90. 23
2. 32 93.30
2.32 91.80
2.31 91.18
2. 34 93. 37
2. 32 93. 60
2.34 93.46
2.33 95. 34
2. 33 95.27
2.32 96. 56
2. 34 96. 48
2.32 96.64
2. 32 96. 56
2. 33 97. 04
2.31 97.36
C o m m ercia l la u n d r y ,
d ry-clea n in g
and
p r e s sin g m achines
$2.27 $83. 84
2. 38 84. 77
2.34 79.55
2.38 79.59
2.38 86.22
2. 41 81.37
2.35 86.33
2. 48 84.89
2. 42 87.95
2.43 90.52
2. 43 92. 66
2.43 89.46
2. 44 90.52
2. 44 90.31
2. 44 91.12
Special-industry ma
chinery
(except F o o d -p ro d ucts m a c h in
metalworking ma
ery
chinery) *
$2.59 $90.06
2.67 89. 55
2. 73 87. 25
2.75 87.64
2.72 88.26
2. 65 88. 65
2.60 89.72
2.61 91.25
2.60 91.25
2. 66 92. 75
2.68 94. 53
2.72 94.99
2. 78 95.63
2. 80 95.82
2.82 95.82
M ech a n ica l
stokers
a n d in d u s tr ia l fu rnaces a n d ovens
$2. 30 $94.16
2. 37 92.10
2.33 91.41
2. 33 88.47
2.35 91.03
2. 34 91.87
2.36 91.03
2.38 94. 83
2.41 94.37
2. 44 93.03
2. 45 98.28
2.44 93.50
2. 44 96. 74
2.46 95.30
2. 46 94.02
D o m estic la u n d r y
e q u ip m e n t
43.5
40.6
41.5
41.3
40.7
40.0
39.0
39.8
39.7
40.1
41.2
41.8
42.6
43.3
43.7
General industrial
machinery 3
$2.39 $92. 89
2.44 93.06
2. 42 90.32
2. 43 90.94
2. 43 92.90
2. 44 91.96
2. 45 93. 22
2.47 94. 33
2.45 95. 12
2.48 96. 24
2.48 97. 85
2.52 97.20
2. 54 97.85
2. 55 99. 46
2. 56 100.19
M ech a n ica l
pow ertr a n sm is s io n e q u ip m ent
$94. 53
93.14
89.94
90.17
91.18
91.03
91.80
93. 30
96. 40
99.31
101. 19
99.55
99.80
102.34
102.83
M a ch in e-to o l accesso
ries
39.3
38.6
37.1
37.8
39.6
39.1
38.7
40.5
40.2
40.4
39.7
39.5
39.1
39.6
38.8
$1.95
2.00
1.97
1.98
2.01
1.98
2.00
2.01
2.04
2.07
2.05
2.06
2.05
2.07
2.08
Miscellaneous machinery parts 3
$2.23 $91. 62
2.30 92. 73
2. 27 90. 62
2.28 91.01
2.28 92.34
2. 30 91.64
2.32 92.73
2.31 94.47
2.27 92. 51
2.38 98.16
2.40 98. 81
2.39 98.40
2. 38 98.16
2.38 100.85
2.40 101. 75
40.9
39.8
39.4
39.4
39.8
39.5
39.8
40.2
39.2
40.9
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.5
41.7
$2. 24
2.33
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.32
2. 33
2.35
2.36
2.40
2.41
2.40
2.40
2.43
2.44
825
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C - l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- horns
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earntngs
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
F abricated p ip e , f it
tin g s, a n d valves
1957: A v e r a g e .............. $91.13
1958: A v e r a g e _______ 92.43
A p r il__________
90. 48
M a y __________
89.63
J u n e __________
90. 39
J u ly ........... ..........
91.87
92. 04
A u g u s t _______
S e p te m b e r ____
93. 30
O c to b e r _______
94.33
N o v e m b e r ____
95.68
D e c e m b e r ____
96. 72
1959: J a n u a r y _______ 95.12
F e b r u a r y _____
95.12
M a r c h ________
97.04
A p r il__________
98.49
40.5
39.5
39.0
38.8
39.3
39.6
39.5
39.7
39.8
40.2
40.3
39.8
39.8
40.1
40.7
$2. 25
2.34
2.32
2.31
2.30
2.32
2.33
2. 35
2. 37
2.38
2.40
2.39
2.39
2.42
2.42
C arbon a n d g raphite
p r o d u c ts (electrical )
1957: A v e r a g e _______ $84. 80
1958: A v e r a g e _______ 85.24
A p r il__________
82.60
84.20
M a y __________
85. 63
J u n e __________
85.41
J u ly ......................
A u g u s t ...............
86.29
S e p te m b e r ____
86.11
O c to b e r ..............
88. 40
89.06
N o v e m b e r ____
90. 72
D e c e m b e r ____
1959: J a n u a r y _______ 91.35
F e b r u a r y ...........
93. 56
M a r c h ________
93.25
93.94
A p r il__________
40.0
39.1
38.6
38.8
39.1
39.0
39.4
39.5
40.0
40.3
40.5
40.6
41.4
40.9
41.2
E le c tr ic a l
a p p lia n c e s
1957: A v e r a g e _______ $83.10
1958: A v e r a g e _______ 85.36
A p r i l ..................
81. 81
82.28
M a y ................... ..
82.40
J u n e __________
83.00
J u ly ......................
84.37
A u g u s t _______
S e p te m b e r ____
87.12
O c to b e r _______
88.22
92.06
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ____
87. 74
1959: J a n u a r y _______ 89.55
F e b r u a r y _____
87. 30
M a r c h ________
88.82
A p r i l _________
88.43
39.2
38.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
38.7
39.6
40.1
41.1
39.7
39.8
38.8
39.3
39.3
R a d io tubes
1957: A v e r a g e ______
1958: A v e r a g e ______
A p r il.................. ..
M a y __________
J u n e __________
J u ly ......................
A u g u s t ........... ..
S e p te m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ..... .
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ____
1959: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ...........
M a r c h ________
A p r il...................
$70. 23
74.30
72.96
72.94
74. 86
72. 77
74.30
76. 81
76.82
77.81
77.03
75.45
76.83
77. 03
76.44
38.8
38.9
38.4
38.8
39.4
38. 1
38.9
39.8
39.6
39.7
39.3
38.3
39.0
39.1
39.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B a ll a n d roller
bearings
$89.15
91.10
87. 48
87. 63
89.24
86.33
88. 24
92.90
86. 63
104.66
102.26
100.53
100.04
102.92
103.25
39.8
39.1
38.2
38.1
38.8
37.7
38.2
39.7
37.5
42.2
41.4
41.2
41.0
41.5
41.8
$2.12 $31. 61
2.18 84. 77
2.14 82.08
2.17 83.28
2.19 85. 57
2.19 85. 75
2.19 83.13
2.18 87. 08
2.21 85. 57
2.21 88.75
2.24 90. 27
2. 25 86.46
2.26 85.81
2.28 86.43
2.28 87.26
40.2
39.8
38.9
39.1
39.8
39.7
39.4
40.5
39.8
40.9
41.6
40.4
40.1
40.2
40.4
$2.03
2.13
2.11
2.13
2.15
2.16
2.11
2.15
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
I n s u la te d w ir e a n d
c a b le
$2.12 $35.08
2.20 86.11
2.17 82.42
2.20 81.80
2.18 87.36
2.19 88.18
2.18 84. 24
2.20 88.20
2. 20 88. 62
2. 24 89.04
2.21 92. 01
2.25 89.03
2.25 87.99
2.26 87.36
2.25 87.15
41.5
41.4
40.4
40.1
41.8
42.6
40.5
42.0
42.2
42.2
43.4
42.6
42.1
41.6
42.1
$2. 05
2.08
2.04
2.04
2. 09
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.07
Teleph on e, telegraph,
a n d related e q u ip
m ent
$1.81 $94.39
1.91 93.53
1.90 92.69
1.88 93.22
1.90 93.06
1.91 90. 79
1.91 94.87
1.93 94. 87
1.94 95. 68
1.96 95.27
1.96 96.63
1.97 96.63
1.97 96.56
1.97 96.48
1.96 96.56
41.4
39.8
39.4
39.5
39.6
38.8
40.2
40.2
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.4
M a ch in e sh o p s (Job
a n d re p a ir)
$2.24 $92.96
2.33 93.90
2.29 92.23
2.30 92.86
2.30 94. 54
2. 29 93.03
2. 31 94. 54
2. 34 95.65
2.31 93.38
2.48 97.10
2.47 98.71
2. 44 99.42
2. 44 99.19
2.48 102.12
2. 47 102.30
E le ctric a l in d ic a tin g ,
m e a su rin g , a n d re
cording in s tr u m e n ts
Electrical machinery
41.5
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.7
39.4
40.8
41.3
41.6
41.5
42.2
42.1
$2.24 $83.01
2.33 85.14
2.30 83. 46
2.31 83.67
2.34 85.14
2.32 84.50
2.34 84.96
2. 35 87. 26
2.37 85. 79
2.38 88. 91
2.39 89.32
2.39 88.88
2.39 88.84
2.42 89.06
2.43 88.84
M o to rs,
gen erators,
a n d m otor-genera
tor sets
$93. 79
95.76
92. 04
94.01
94.88
95.28
96.00
97.77
97.36
101.02
101. 02
98.74
98.49
100.12
98.42
40.6
39.9
39.0
39.5
39.7
39.7
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.9
40.9
40.3
40.2
40.7
40.5
39.2
38.9
37.4
37.3
39.0
38.6
38.7
40.6
34.6
41.3
42.8
42.0
41.6
41.6
40.6
$2.28 $81. 61
2.35 85.03
2.35 83.18
2.36 82. 56
2.35 83.20
2.34 84.19
2.36 83.18
2.36 85.89
2.36 84.86
2.37 89.86
2.38 94.57
2.38 89.82
2.39 87.08
2.40 86.65
2.39 85.39
40.4
40.3
39.8
39.5
40.0
39.9
39.8
40.9
40.8
41.6
42.6
41.2
40.5
40.3
39.9
$2.02
2.11
2.09
2.09
2.08
2.11
2.09
2.10
2.08
2.16
2.22
2.18
2.15
2.15
2.14
40.6
39.7
39.7
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.5
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.5
40.0
40.0
39.7
39.3
39.0
38.7
38.6
38.7
39.1
39.3
40.1
41.0
41.1
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.7
40.4
40.6
38.5
39.0
40.0
39.9
40.2
41.6
41.3
43.2
46.4
43.0
40.8
39.5
39.3
40.5
39.7
39.1
39.3
39.5
39.4
39.7
40.1
40.0
40.4
40.7
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
41.2
39.8
39.4
39.4
39.8
39.6
39.7
40.0
40.0
40.3
40.6
40.2
40.4
40.5
40.4
39.8
39.6
39.1
39.3
39.8
39.2
39.9
40.5
40.1
40.3
39.9
40.1
39.8
40.0
39.9
$2.23 $68. 00
2.34 70.98
2.32 70.05
2.31 70. 67
2.31 70.98
2.31 73.16
2.32 70.22
2. 35 72. 22
2. 30 73.10
2.43 74.57
2. 56 73.26
2.45 73.98
2.38 73.31
2.39 73.85
2. 38 70.88
40.0
40.1
39.8
39.7
40.1
40.2
39.9
40.8
41.3
41.2
40.7
41.1
40.5
40.8
39.6
$1.94
2.02
1.99
2. 00
2.02
2.03
2.02
2 02
2.06
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.04
2.05
2.05
41.5
38.5
37.9
38.1
38.4
38.2
40.1
40.4
39.6
38.8
39.7
40.3
41.1
42.2
43.8
$1.32
2.30
2.31
2. 32
2.33
2.32
2.26
2.28
2.28
2.27
2. 29
2.34
2.43
2. 47
2.48
R a d io s , ph o n o g ra p h s,
television sets, a n d
e q u ip m e n t
$1.97 $75. 83
2.07 81.19
2. 07 79.78
2.06 79.98
2. 07 81.60
2.06 80.39
2.07 81.40
2.08 83. 64
2.08 82. 01
2.09 83. 03
2.12 83.39
2.13 85.05
2.13 83. 79
2.13 84.82
2.13 84.61
P r im a r y batteries
(d ry a n d w et)
39.6
39.2
38.9
39.0
38.7
38.6
39.2
39.4
39.8
39.7
40.4
40.0
40.2
39.9
40.3
E le c tric a l w e ld in g
a p p a r a tu s
$2.26 $96. 28
2.33 88. 55
2.32 87. 56
2.32 88.39
2. 33 89. 47
2. 33 88. 62
2. 32 90. 63
2. 33 92.11
2. 36 90. 29
2.36 88.08
2.37 90.91
2.36 94.30
2.39 99. 87
2.39 104. 23
2.40 108. 62
C o m m u n ic a tio n
e q u ip m e n t3
$1.93 $78. 41
2.05 81.97
2.01 80.94
2.01 80.96
2.04 82.39
2.05 80. 75
2.05 82. 59
2. 07 84.24
2.12 83. 41
2.14 84.23
2.14 84. 59
2.13 85.41
2.13 84. 77
2.13 85.20
2.14 84.99
W ir in g devices
a n d s u p p lie s
$2.19 $76. 82
2.26 79.18
2. 24 77.41
2. 25 78.00
2.26 78.17
2. 26 78. 36
2. 25 79.18
2.26 79. 59
2. 27 81.99
2.29 80.99
2.30 82. 42
2.29 82.00
2. 29 82. 01
2.30 81.80
2.30 82.62
S w itchg ea r,
sw itc h
board, a n d in d u s
tr ia l controls
$2.30 $93.11
2.33 92. 73
2.33 91.41
2.33 91.41
2.33 92. 73
2.31 92.27
2.32 92.10
2. 35 93.20
2. 35 94. 40
2.36 95.11
2.36 96. 22
2.36 94.87
2.37 96. 56
2.38 96.80
2.38 96.96
S torage batteries
$90. 09
95.00
89.32
90.09
92.40
92.17
93. 26
97.76
94.99
104. 98
118.78
105.35
97.10
94.41
93. 53
E le c tr ic a l
g e n e r a t
in g , tr a n sm issio n ,
d is tr ib u tio n , a n d
in d u str ia l a p p a r a
tu s 3
$2.07 $38. 70
2.15 89.72
2.14 87. 58
2.14 88. 43
2.15 89.27
2.15 89. 04
2.14 89.33
2.16 90. 63
2.15 90. 80
2.19 92.52
2.20 93.61
2.20 92.06
2.21 92.29
2.21 92.92
2.21 93.15
E le c tr ic la m p s
$2.19 $76. 62
2.30 80.57
2.26 78.39
2.27 77.79
2. 29 78.74
2.31 79.34
2.29 80.16
2. 32 81.35
2.22 85.01
2.40 87. 74
2.40 87. 95
2.39 86.48
2.40 86.48
2.42 86.05
2.38 87.10
M isc e lla n e o u s
e le c tr ic a l
p r o d u c ts 3
40.1
39.6
39.0
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.4
39.9
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.3
40.2
P o w e r a n d d istrib u
tio n tra n sfo rm e rs
$2.31 $93.38
2.40 92.50
2.36 92.50
2.38 92.73
2.39 92.50
2.40 91.94
2. 40 91.64
2. 42 94. 71
2.41 93.53
2.47 93.93
2.47 94.16
2.45 94.40
2.45 93.62
2.40 95.20
2.43 95.20
E le c tr ic a l e q u ip m e n t
for v e h ic le s
$85. 85
89.47
84.52
84.67
89.31
89.17
88.62
94.19
76.81
99.12
102.72
100.38
99.84
100.67
96.63
T o ta l: E le c tr ic a l
m a c h in e r y
39.7
39.8
39.3
39.4
40.0
39.6
40.1
40.8
40.2
40.5
39.9
40.5
39.9
40.2
40.1
$1.91
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.04
2. 03
2.03
2. 05
2.04
2.05
2.09
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11
X - r a y a n d n o nra d io
electronic tubes
$1.70 $39. 47
1.77 93.20
1. 76 91.66
1.78 92.40
1.77 93.32
1. 82 94. 47
1.76 93.26
1.77 94. 47
1.77 93.93
1.81 95. 51
1.80 96.63
1.80 95.27
1.81 96.15
1.81 98.16
1.79 97.68
40.3
40.0
40.2
40.0
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.3
40 3
40.6
40.2
40.4
40.9
40.7
$2.22
2.33
2.28
2.31
2.31
2. 35
2. 32
2. 35
2. 39
2 37
2.38
2.37
2.38
2.40
2.46
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
826
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly,
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Total: Transportation equipment
1957: A verage...___
1958: Average...........
April________
M ay ______
June________
J u l y ________
A ugust______
September___
O c to b e r ..___
N ovem ber___
December____
1959: January_____
February____
M arch. I _____
April________
40.4
39.8
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.6
40.0
40.6
41.7
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.0
$97.36
100. 69
97.07
98.85
99.50
100. 19
102.00
100. 98
102.00
106. 78
110. 92
106.63
105.59
107. 04
107.83
$2.41
2.53
2. 47
2.49
2.50
2.53
2.55
2.55
2. 55
2. 63
2. 66
2.62
2.62
2.63
2.63
$95. 65
101.40
97.69
101.09
102.06
102. 91
104.34
103. 57
104. 49
103.97
104.12
104.90
105.04
104. 38
105.18
40.7
40.4
40.2
40.6
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.5
40.4
40.3
40.3
$98. 40
99.96
96.00
97. 64
98.14
97. 39
99.82
98. 43
100.04
110. 70
117.82
109.06
106.93
109. 47
111. 49
40.0
39.2
38.4
38.9
39.1
38.8
39.3
38.6
39.7
41.0
43.0
41.0
40.2
41.0
41.6
$2. 46
2. 55
2.50
2. 51
2.51
2.51
2.54
2.55
2. 52
2. 70
2. 74
2.66
2. 66
2.67
2.68
A ir c r a ft engines
a n a p a r ts
A ir c r a ft
1957: Average_____
1958: Average_____
April________
M ay________
June_________
July_________
August..........
September___
October.. . . .
Novem ber. . .
December____
1959: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
Motor vehicles and
equipm ent3
$2. 35
2. 51
2.43
2. 49
2.52
2. 56
2. 57
2. 57
2.58
2.58
2. 59
2.59
2.60
2.59
2.61
$98. 23
102. 62
100. 40
100. 55
103.38
103. 79
102.47
105. 8.3
100. 35
106. 04
106. 86
107.53
107. 94
107.30
107.68
41.1
40.4
40.0
39.9
40.7
40. 7
40.5
41.5
39.2
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.2
40.8
41.1
M o to r vehicles, b o d ie s ,
p a r ts , a n d accessories
$99. 85
101. 66
97.54
98.94
99.20
98. 82
101.66
99. 58
101.91
113.03
120.81
110.97
109. 21
111.79
113. 57
40.1
39.1
38.4
38.8
38.9
38.6
39.1
38.3
39.5
41.1
43.3
41.1
40.3
41.1
41.6
$2. 49 $84. 56
2.60 87.74
2. 54 85.02
2. 55 86.94
2.55 87.20
2. 56 87. 60
2.60 89.20
2.60 88.03
2. 58 84. 92
2.75 92. 46
2. 79 93. 73
2.70 92.00
2.71 94.19
2.72 95. 47
2.73 101.63
A ir c r a f t p ro p e lle rs
a n d p a r ts
$2.39 $97. 76
2. 54 96. 46
2. 51 95.99
2.52 94. 71
2.54 95.11
2. 55 93. 77
2. 53 92.83
2. 55 96. 46
2. 56 95. 68
2.58 98. 57
2.60 99.87
2.61 100.12
2.62 99.80
2.63 98.98
2.62 98. 66
41.6
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.3
39.9
39.5
40.7
40.2
40.9
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.6
T ru c k a n d bus
bodies
$2.35
2. 37
2.37
2. 35
2.36
2.35
2.35
2 37
2. 38
2.41
2.43
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.43
39.7
39.7
39.0
39.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.3
38.6
40.2
40.4
40.0
40.6
40.8
42.7
$2.13 $81.35
2.21 83.79
2. 18 79. 80
2. 19 83.79
2. 18 87.13
2. 19 85. 47
2. 23 85.28
2. 24 87. 57
2. 20 88. 83
2 30 84.65
2. 32 86.92
2.30 86.07
2. 32 82.08
2.34 87.29
2.38 87. 56
Other a ircra ft p a r ts
a n d e q u ip m e n t
$99.78
103. 58
100.28
100.28
102. 59
103.16
105. 84
105. 75
107.10
104. 83
108. 54
105. 75
105.50
105. 75
105.00
42.1
41.6
41. 1
41. 1
41.2
41. 1
42 0
41.8
42.0
41.6
42.9
41.8
41.7
41.8
41.5
T ra ile rs (truck a n d
autom obile)
$2. 37
2. 49
2. 44
2.44
2. 49
2. 51
2. 52
2. 53
2. 55
2. 52
2.53
2. 53
2.53
2. 53
2. 53
39.3
39.9
38.0
39.9
41.1
40.7
41.0
41.7
41.9
40.5
41.0
40.6
38.9
40.6
41.3
$2.07
2.10
2.10
2. 10
2.12
2.10
2.08
2.10
2.12
2. 09
2.12
2.12
2.11
2.15
2.12
Ship and boat building and repairing3
$94. 88
98.00
95.80
97. 51
96. 78
99. 65
100. 98
100. 35
102.68
99. 72
101. 53
102.44
99.97
102.18
101.77
39.7
39.2
39. 1
39.8
39.5
39.7
39.6
39. 2
39.8
38.8
39.2
39.4
38.6
39.3
39.6
$2. 39
2. 50
2. 45
2. 45
2. 45
2.51
2. 55
2. 56
2.58
2. 57
2. 59
2.60
2.59
2.60
2.57
1957: Average-------- $77. 78
78.21
1958: Average_____
78.20
April________
80. 56
M ay________
78. 98
June________
76. 43
July_________
77. 79
August..........
79.60
September___
79.20
October_____
Novem ber. . . 78. 80
December.._ . 78.41
78.60
1959: January_____
77.81
February____
M arch_______ 78. 59
82.17
April________
40.3
39.7
39.9
41.1
40.5
38.6
38.7
39.8
39.6
39.6
39. 6
39.9
39.7
40.3
41.5
$1.93 $100.80
1.97 100. 70
1.96 100. 81
1.96 99.64
1.95 98.21
1.98 98.05
2.01 97. 94
2. 00 97. 99
2 .0C 96.75
1.99 104.18
1.98 106. 74
1.97 103.09
1.96 104. 22
1.95 107.17
1.98 108.90
Laboratory, seientific, and engineering
instruments
1957: Average______ $97.17
1958: Average........... 103. 07
April________ 102.18
M ay________ 100.35
June_________ 103.48
J u ly ............... 101.40
August______ 104. 70
September___ 107. 74
October_____ 105. 7Í
November___ 108. 00
December____ 109.13
1959: January_____ 109.04
February____ 109. 62
March_______ 110.04
April________ 110. 30
40.0
38.0
37.9
37.6
37.2
37.0
37.1
36.7
35.7
38.3
39.1
37.9
38.6
39.4
39.6
L oco m o tives a n d
p a r ts
$2.52 $102. 41
2.65 103. 62
2.66 102. 44
2. 65 101. 53
2.64 104. 41
2. 65 107. 07
2.64 102. 97
2.67 104. 28
2. 71 102. 27
2. 72 107. 05
2. 73 108. 53
2.72 108.41
2.70 110.16
2.72 113.02
2. 75 113.57
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments
41.01 $2.37 $86. 27
2. 52 86. 72
40. Í
41.2
2.48 84. 46
40.3
2. 49 84.8C
40.9
2.53 86.51
40.4
2. 51 86. 24
40.9
2. 56 86.90
41.6
2. 59 88.18
41.5
2.56 87.96
41.7
2.59 89. 87
42.3
2. 58 91.80
42.1
2. 5E 91.58
2.61 90.27
42.0
42. C 2.62 91.53
2.62 91.80
42.1
See footnotes at eDd of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Railroad equipm ent3
40.8
39.4
39.4
38.9
39.7
40.1
39.3
39.5
37.6
39.5
39.9
40.3
40.5
41.4
41.6
$2. 51
2.63
2.60
2.61
2.63
2. 67
2.62
2. 64
2. 72
2. 71
2. 72
2.69
2. 72
2.73
2.73
Optical instruments
and lenses
40.5 $2.13 $35.22
39.6
2. l i
88. 51
39.1
2.16 85. 36
38. E 2.18 84.02
39.5
2. IE 85.85
39.2
2.20 91.43
39.5
2. 20 91.24
39.9
2. 21 93. 50
2.21 93. 95
39.8
40. S
2. 23 94. 82
40.8
2.25 92. 64
40.7
2.25 88.70
2.24 89. 76
40. i
2.26 88.48
40.5
40.8
2.25 88.51
R a ilro a d a n d street
cars
$99. 79
99.48
99.96
99.06
94.78
93. 98
95.40
94.69
95.12
102.65
105. 65
100. 46
101.41
104. 06
106.92
39.6
37.4
37.3
37.1
35.9
35.6
36.0
35.2
35.1
37.6
38.7
36.8
37.7
38.4
38.6
Other transportation
equipment
$2.52 $79. 59
2.66 82. 74
2.68 82. 56
2. 67 81.48
2.64 82.39
2.64 78.83
2.65 83. 35
2. 69 85. 03
2. 71 85. 24
2.73 79. 38
2. 73 85. 32
2. 73 87.23
2. 69 88.99
2. 71 89.64
2. 77 89.21
Surgical, medical,
and dental lustraments
40.2 $2.12 $74. 37
40.6
2.18 78.0C
39.7
2.15 75.25
38.9
2.16 75.46
39.2
2. IE 78.78
41. C 2. 22 78. OC
2. 22 79.39
41.1
2. 2( 80.99
42.5
42. E 2. 19 81. 2C
43.1
2. 2C 80. 8C
42. c
2. IE 81.81
40.5
2.19 81.61
2.2C 81.0C
40.8
2.19 81. OC
40.4
2.18 81.61
40.6
$96.76
101. 91
98.33
100.44
102.16
102. 62
104.04
164. 04
104.09
104.19
105.52
105.52
105.67
105.01
105.41
41.0
40.6
40.3
40. 5
40.7
40. 4
40.8
40.8
40.5
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.7
$2 36
2. 51
2. 44
2. 48
2.51
2. 54
2. 55
2. 55
2. 57
2. 56
2. 58
2.58
2.59
2.58
2.59
S h ip b u ild in g a n d
r e p a irin g
$97. 81
100. 88
98. 67
100. 19
99. 43
102. 68
104.01
102.83
106.13
102. 94
105. 45
106.11
103.68
106. 35
106.11
39.6
39.1
39.0
39.6
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.1
39.9
38.7
39.2
39.3
38.4
39.1
39.3
$2. 47
2. 58
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.58
2.62
2 63
2.66
2. 66
2. 69
2. 70
2.70
2.72
2.70
Instruments and
related products
Transportation equipment—C ontinued
B o a tb u ild in g and
re p a irin g
Aircraft and parts3
39.4
39.4
39.5
38.8
39.8
37.9
39.5
40.3
40.4
37.8
39. 5
40.2
41.2
41.5
41.3
$2.02 $85.03
2.10 87.38
2. 09 85. 72
2.10 85.46
2.07 87.16
2. 08 87.34
2. 11 87. 96
2.11 89. 47
2.11 89. 28
2.10 90. 76
2.16 91.62
2.17 91.17
2.16 91.13
2.16 91. 53
2.16 91.98
Ophthalmic goods «
40.2 $1.85 $67.26
1.95 71.41
40.0
39.4
1.9Í 69. 55
39.3
1.92 70. 47
40.4
1.95 70.86
40. C 1.95 70.68
40.3
1.97 69. 55
1.99 73.30
40. 7
2.00 73.84
40.6
40.4
2. 0C 74 8C
2.01 74. 24
40.7
40.6
2.01 74.82
40.3
2.01 76.19
2.02 76.00
40. !
40.2
2.03 76. 73
Total: Instruments
and related products
40.3
39.9
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.7
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.7
40.9
40.7
40.5
40.5
40.7
$2.11
2.19
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2. 21
2. 22
2.21
2.23
2. 24
2.24
2. 25
2.26
2.26
Photographic apparatus
39.8 $1.69 $94.60
38.6
1.85 97. 53
1.84 96. 40
37.8
1.84 96. 40
38.3
1.85 97.36
38.3
1.86
38. C
98. 17
1.84 97.20
37.8
39.2
1.87 97. 44
39.7
1.86 98. 58
40.0
1.87 99.80
39. 7
1.87 100.37
39.8
1.88 100.37
40. 1
1.9C 102. 47
40.0
1.90 101.96
40.6
1.89 102.06
40.6
40.3
40.0
40.0
40.4
40. 4
40.0
40.1
40.4
40.9
40.8
40.8
40.5
40.3
40.5
$2.33
2. 42
2. 41
2. 41
2.41
2. 43
2.43
2. 43
2. 44
2. 44
2. 46
2.46
2.53
2. 53
2. 52
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T
able
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly,
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
Avg. Avg. Avg.
Avg.
hrly. wkly. wAvg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
kly. earn
earn hours
earn earn hours
ings
ings
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn*
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Instruments and
related products—
Continued
Watches and clocks
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated w are1
J e w e lr y and
fin d in g s
S ilv erw a re a n d
p la te d w a re
Musical instruments
and parts
1957: Average_____ $72.15
39.0 $1. 85 $72. 22
39.9 $1. 81 $74.07
41.2 $2.04 $83.03
40.5 $2.05
40.7 $1.82 $70. 07
40.5 $1. 73 $84. 05
1.89 73.26
39.0
39.6
40.5
2.09 83. 79
39.9
2.10
1.85 75. 70
1958: Average______ 73.71
40.7
1.86 72. 62
40.8
1.78 84. 65
73. 32
1.88 72.15
April________
39.0
39.0
1.85 73.28
39.4
39.3
2. 07 80.32
38.8
2.07
1.86 70.13
39.4
1.78 81.35
38.1
1.88 71.94
39.1
1.84 74.26
38.4
2. 08
M ay_________ 71.63
39.5
1.88 70. 71
39.4
2. 08 79.87
39.5
1. 79 81.95
1.88 73.08
39.5
1.85 74. 74
40.4
39.4
2. 06 80.47
38.5
2.09
June_______ 71.82 38.2
1.85 72. 22
1. 77 81.16
40.8
1.89 72. 13
39.2
1.84 72.83
2.10
July.............. . 74.47 39.4
1.83 70. 00
1. 75 80. 57
39.3
2.05 81. 48
38.8
39.8
40.0
1.89 72. 68
1.84 74. 34
2.10 85. 65
40.4
2.12
39.5
1.84 71. 28
39.9
August-.......... 73. 52 38.9
40.4
1.76 83. 79
40.5
75. 24
September___
39.6
1. 90 74.19
1.85 76. 67
41.7
2.13 87. 33
41.0
2.13
40.1
1. 87 72. 04
1. 77 88. 82
41.0
40. 7
40.2
1.90 74. 56
2. 15 88.81
41.5
2.14
October______ 76. 38
40.3
1.85 80. 33
42.7
42.5
1.89 76. 08
42.5
1.79 91.81
41. 2
2. 15
75.81
39.9
1.90 75.14
40.4
1.86 82. 70
1.91 78.01
43. 7
2. 18 88. 58
November___
43.1
1. 81 95. 27
43.3
1.91 75. 95
40.4
42.1
42.8
December____ 75.83
39.7
1.88 81. 98
1.92 78. 51
2.15 92.88
2.17
42.7
42.9
1.83 90. 52
39.9
1.92 75. 79
2.15
1959: January_____
76. 61
40.1
1.89 76.89
40.9
2.12 88.15
41.0
1.88 73. 39
1.79 85. 86
40.5
41.0
1.91 75. 39
76. 02
39.8
41.1
2.14 87.94
40.9
2.15
February____
40.1
1.88 77.27
1.88 73.16
41.1
1.78 87. 53
40.9
39.4
1.92 75.60
41.1
M arch_______ 75.65
40.0
1.89 77.33
2.14 88. 78
2.16
40.7
1.90 73. 67
40.8
40.7
1.81 87.31
1.92 76. 38
April________
76. 22
40.2
2.16
39.7
1.90 77. 90
41.0
2.17 87.91
40.7
41.0
1.90 73.80
41.0
1.80 88.97
Toys and sporting
G am es, to ys, d o lls,
Fabricated plastics
S p o rtin g a n d athletic Pens, pencils, other
Costume jewelry,
products
goods2 8
a n d ch ild ren ’s vehicles
buttons, notions
goods 8
office supplies
39.1 $1.68 $63. 80
1957: Average_____ $65. 69
1.72 64.80
38.9
66.91
1958: Average_____
38.2
1.73 64. 05
April________
66. 09
38.9
1.70 64. 74
M ay_________ 66.13
1. 71 64. 74
June_______ 66. 86 39.1
1. 71 64. 24
July................ 66. 35 38.8
38.9
1.71 63. 86
August-............ 66. 52
39.4
Beptem ber___
67. 37
1. 71 64.68
October______ 68. 40
40.0
1.71 66. 97
39.4
1.73 66. 30
November___
68.16
1. 75 64.01
38.6
December____ 67. 55
1.77 66. 52
39.3
1959: January_____
69. 56
1.75 64.09
February____
67. 55
38.6
39.0
M arch_______ 68. 64
1.76 65. 53
April________
39.2
1.75 65.96
68.60
Durable goods—
Continued
38.9
38.8
37.9
39.0
39.0
38.7
38.7
39.2
40.1
39. 7
38.1
38.9
37.7
38.1
38.8
$1.64 $69. 70
1.67 71.16
1.69 69. 48
1. 66 69. 45
1. 66 70. 95
1.66 71. 55
1.65 72. 68
1.65 73. 60
1.67 71.86
1. 67 71.39
1.68 72.31
1.71 73.05
1.70 73.02
1.72 73. 75
1.70 73.20
39.6
39.1
38.6
38.8
39.2
39.1
39.5
40.0
39.7
38.8
39.3
39.7
39.9
40.3
40.0
$1.76 $67. 30
1.82 67. 72
1.80 69. 03
1.79 69. 65
1.81 68. 73
1.83 64. 39
1.84 66. 42
1.84 67. 43
1.81 67.15
1.84 68.28
1.84 69.20
1.84 68.68
1.83 69. 65
1.83 70.00
1.83 69.25
1957: Average_____ $74. 64
1958: Average______ 76.04
April................. 75.07
75. 27
M ay________
75.85
June________
July— .............. 75.46
75.46
August______
76. 24
September___
October______ 76. 22
76.42
November___
December____ 77.41
1959: January............ 78.80
78.01
February____
M arch_______ 78.41
79. 20
April________
39.7
39.4
39.1
39.0
39.3
39.1
39.1
39.5
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.8
40.0
1957: Average_____ $79.00
1958: Average______ 81.99
April-......... ..... 80. 77
M ay.................. 81. 76
84.58
June________
July................... 85.02
83.00
August______
84. 45
September___
October______ 81.61
82.01
November___
December____ 82. 62
84.05
1959: January_____
84.26
February____
M arch_______ 85.70
April________
84.86
42.7
41.2
41.0
41.5
42.5
42.3
41.5
41.6
40.6
40.4
40.7
41.2
41.1
41.2
40.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.2
38.8
38.3
38.4
38.9
38.3
38.7
39.4
39.2
39.3
39.4
38.8
39. 5
39.3
39.9
$1.66 $78. 31
1.68 79.17
1.69 76. 04
1.68 76.81
1.68 79. 37
1.69 78. 98
1.68 79.77
1. 68 82. 74
1.69 81.76
1. 73 81.54
1.66 82. 76
1.69 83.20
1.70 82.35
1.71 81.36
1.74 81.77
41.0
40.6
39.4
39.8
40.7
40.5
40.7
42.0
41.5
41.6
41.8
41.6
41.8
41.3
41.3
$1.91
1.95
1.93
1. 93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.97
1. 96
1.98
2.00
1.97
1.97
1.98
Food and kindred products
Total: Food and
kindred products
M eat products2
$1. 93 $87.08
40.5 $2.15
2.01 91.08
40.3
2.26
2.01 87. 25
39.3
2. 22
2.01 88.36
39.8
2.22
2.01 90. 54
2.23
40.6
1.99 91. 58
40.7
2. 25
1.97 89.87
2.23
40.3
1.99 93.94
41.2
2.28
2.00 93. 25
40.9
2.28
2. 04 97.44
2.32
42.0
2. 06 95. 63
41.4
2 31
2. 09 95.65
2. 35
40. 7
2.09 91.73
39.2
2.34
2.10 93.77
39.9
2. 35
2.10 93.20
40.0
2. 33
Canning and
Ice cream a n d ices
preserving2
$1.88 $78.17
1.93 81.81
1.92 79.80
1.93 80.80
1. 93 81.81
1.93 81.99
1.93 81. 56
1.93 82. 78
1. 92 81.80
1.92 83.64
1.94 84. 46
1.97 84.65
1.96 83.60
1.97 84.42
1.98 84.42
C ondensed and
evaporated m ilk
$1. 67 $55. 07
1.71 65.18
1.73 64. 73
1. 75 64. 51
1. 74 65. 35
1. 69 64. 73
1.69 65. 02
1.69 66.19
1. 70 66. 25
1. 72 67. 99
1.73 65.40
1.73 65. 57
1.75 67.15
1.75 67. 20
1.74 69.43
Nondurable goods
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries—
Continued
Other manufacturing
industries
40.3
39.6
39.9
39.8
39.5
38.1
39.3
39.9
39.5
39. 7
40.0
39.7
39.8
40.0
39.8
$1.85 $81. 90
1.99 86. 73
1.97 84.62
1.97 84.84
1.99 86. 48
2.01 89. 86
2.00 89. 03
2.03 89. 89
2.01 87. 99
2. 03 87. 97
2. 03 88. 40
2.04 88.17
2. 05 88.60
2.08 89.24
2.08 89. 89
40.5
40.7
39.7
40.2
40.7
41.2
41.4
41.6
40.9
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.0
40.2
40.2
42.0
42.1
42.1
42.0
42.6
43.2
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.3
41.5
41.2
41.4
41.7
42.2
$1.95 $63. 57
2.06 66.13
2.01 64.70
2.02 65. 62
2.03 63.58
2. 08 64.31
2. 09 69.47
2.12 71.06
2.10 66. 73
2.13 62.16
2.13 64.98
2.14 66. 85
2.14 67. 55
2.14 68.32
2.13 69.03
39.0
39.6
37.4
38.6
38.3
40. 7
42.1
42.3
40.2
37.9
38.0
38.2
38.6
38.6
39.0
M e a tp a c k in g , wholesale
$96.41
101. 43
95.83
97. 93
100. 45
101. 68
100. 28
106 08
105.32
111. 11
107. 94
108. 62
104. 09
106.04
104.45
41.2
40.9
39.6
40.3
41.0
41.0
40.6
41.6
41.3
42.9
42.0
42.1
40.5
41.1
40.8
Seafood, can n ed
cured
$1.63 $51. 88
1.67 56.16
1.73 56.92
1. 70 55.94
1.66 51.10
1.58 58.27
1. 65 59.47
1.68 55.17
1.66 58.33
1.64 53. 21
1.71 60.48
1.75 61.80
1.75 60. 76
1.77 62. 66
1.77 65.81
30.7
31.2
31.8
30.4
29.2
35.1
33.6
29.5
31.7
29. 4
32.0
32.7
31.0
32.3
34.1
S a u sa g es a n d casings
$2.34 $88. 51
2.48 94.25
2. 42 90.12
2. 43 93. 25
2. 45 94. 58
2. 48 97. 06
2. 47 94. 81
2.55 95.88
2. 55 94.64
2.59 97.70
2. 57 98.18
2.58 96. 70
2. 57 94.56
2.58 96.32
2.56 98.98
and
40.6
40.8
39.7
40.9
41.3
42.2
41.4
40.8
40.1
41.4
41.6
40.8
39.9
40.3
40.9
$2.18 $77. 83
2.31 81.90
2. 27 80.06
2.28 80. 64
2. 29 83.03
2. 30 84. 71
2. 29 83. 73
2. 35 84.18
2. 36 82. 76
2. 36 82. 59
2. 36 83. 40
2.37 84.44
2.37 83.43
2. 39 84.86
2.42 83.84
C a n n ed f r u its , vege
tables, a n d so u p s
$1. 69 $66.83
1.80 69. 29
1. 79 69.12
1.84 69.34
1. 75 66.22
1.66 67. 20
1. 77 72. 67
1.87 75. 82
1.84 69.64
1. 81 64.06
1.89 67.08
1.89 69.27
1.96 69. 95
1.94 70.95
1.93 70. 98
40.5
41.0
38.4
39.4
38.5
42.8
43.0
44.6
41.7
39.3
39.0
38.7
39.3
39.2
39.0
Dairy products 2
42.3
42.0
41.7
42.0
42.8
43.0
42.5
42.3
41.8
41.5
41.7
41.8
41.3
41.6
41.3
$1.84
1.95
1.92
1.92
1.94
1.97
1.97
1.99
1.98
1. 99
2.00
2.02
2. 02
2.04
2.03
Grain-mill products2
$1.65 $85. 50
1.69 89. 79
1.80 87.49
1. 76 86.88
1. 72 89. 73
1.57 90. 98
1.69 90.37
1. 70 92. 53
1. 67 91.94
1.63 91.57
1.72 92.63
1.79 92.84
1.78 90. 09
1.81 90.94
1.82 88.41
43.4
43.8
43.1
42.8
44.2
44.6
44.3
44.7
44.2
43.4
43.9
44.0
42.9
43.1
42.3
$1.97
2.05
2.03
2.03
2. 03
2.04
2.04
2.07
2. 08
2. 11
2.11
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.09
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
828
T able C -l.
Year and month
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
wkly. wkly.
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly, earn earn wkly.
earn hours earn earn wkly.
ings ings hours ings ings hours ings ings hours
ings
Manufacturlng—Contlnued
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly.
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn
earn earn hours earn earn wkly.
ings ings hours ings
ings ings
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
F lo u r a n d other g rain m ill p roduct»
1057: Average_____
1958: Average—
April—............
May............ —
June...............
July-----------August_____
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1959:”January.......—
February........
March______
April... ___
$88.88
93.66
89. 38
88. 56
92. 98
94.26
93.87
98.93
97. 61
97.43
97. 63
96.32
92.43
94. 37
89.04
44.0 $2.02 $80. 59
44.6 2.10 83.98
43.6 2.05 84. 29
43.2 2.05 81.46
44.7 2.08 83. 40
45.1 2. 09 86. 56
44.7 2.10 83. 51
45.8 2.16 84. 52
45.4 2.15 84. 36
44.9 2.17 85. 61
45.2 2.16 86. 39
44.8 2.15 86.72
43.6 2.12 84. 00
44.1 2.14 84. 44
42.4 2.10 84. 83
C an e-sug a r refin in g
1957: Average.......... $92.60
1958: Average-------- 98.75
April_______ 97. 76
May............... 91.54
June_______
97.90
July------------ 104.31
August--------- 104. 48
September___ 105. 56
October_____ 101.15
November___ 102.00
December___ 102. 72
1959: January_____ 99.66
February____ 95. 60
March______ 101. 22
April__ _ —. 103.07
P r e p a r e d feed s
43.8 $1.84
44.2 1.90
43.9 1. 92
43.1 1. 89
44.6 1.87
45.8 1.89
44.9 1.86
45.2 1. 87
44.4 1.90
43.9 1.95
44.3 1.95
44.7 1.94
43.3 1.94
43.3 1. 95
43.5 1.95
43.1
44.3
37.4
40.2
41.2
40.0
39.1
39.7
46.1 49.8
48.5
43.4
42.0
38.0
38.4
$75. 76 40.3 $1.88
79.00 ! 40.1 1. 97
77. 61 39.8 1. 95
78.99 40.3 1.96
79. 98 40.6 1.97
80.78 40.8 1. 98
79. 79 40.3 1.98
79.80 40.1 1.99
80.00 40.2 1.99
79.80 39.9 2.00
81.20 40.2 2.02
80.19 39.7 2.02
81.80 40.1 2.04
81.40 40.1 2. 03
81.40 39.9 2.04
Confectionery and
related products 3
B ee t su g a r
41.9 $2. 21 $30.60
42.2 2. 34 85.94
41.6 2.35 79.66
39.8 2.30 80.80
42.2 2.32 84. 87
44.2 2. 36 82. 40
43.9 2.38 81.72
43.8 2. 41 82.18
42.5 2.38 82.52
42.5 2.40 94.12
42.8 2.40 90. 70
41.7 2.39 85.50
40.0 2.39 86.10
42.0 2.41 85.88
41.9 2.46 83. 33
Bakery products3
$1. 87
1.94
2.13
2. 01
2.06
2.06
2.09
2.07
1.79
1.89
1.87
1.97
2.05
2.26
2.17
$04. 48
66.30
65.02
65.18
66.86
65. 79
68.45
69. 55
66.80
66. 30
67. 43
67.89
67.20
66.61
67. 69
39.8
39.7
38.7
38.8
39.8
38.7
40.5
41.4
40.0
39.7
39.9
39.7
39.3
38.5
38.9
$1. 62
1. 67
1.68
1.68
1.68
1. 70
1.69
1.68
1. 67
1.67
1.69
1.71
1.71
1.73
1.74
B re a d a n d other
ba k ery p r o d u c ts
$77. 76
81.00
79.00
81.00
81.81
82. 42
81.61
82.01
82. 22
82. 01
82.82
82.19
84.03
83. 21
83.82
40.5 $1.92
40.3 2.01
39.9 1.98
40.5 2.00
40.7 2.01
40.8 2. 02
40.4 2.02
40.4 2.03
40.5 2. 03
40. 2 2. 04
40.4 2. 05
39.9 2.06
40.4 2.08
40.2 2.07
40.3 2.08
$58. 51
72.29
71.89
72.25
73.16
73. 89
72. 83
72.52
71.97
72. 17
74.07
73.32
73. 51
74. 84
72.58
39.6 $1. 57 $88. 98
39.5 1.63 92.23
38. 5 1. 63 88. 43
38.5 1.63 92. 69
39.6 1.63 95. 35
38.2 1.65 96.00
40.2 1.65 94.07
41.2 1.64 93.03
39.8 1.62 92. 40
39.4 1.62 92. 97
39.8 1.64 94. 71
39.5 1.66 92.10
39.1 1.66 92. 66
38.2 1.68 93.93
38.6 1.69 96.15
39.9
40.1
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.1
40.0
39.9
40.3
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.4
$2. 23
2. 30
2. 25
2. 30
2.32
2. 33
2.30
2. 32
2.31
2. 33
2. 35
2.32
2.34
2.36
2.38
1957: Average_____ $107.44
1958: Average_____ 112.07
April_______ 107. 75
May............... 114. 62
June_______ 118.08
July— .......... 117. 62
August_____ 113.83
September___ 113.08
October.......... 109.62
November___ 112. 22
December....... 113.94
1959: January.......... 110.87
February____ 110.78
March______ 112.71
April_______ 116.03
39.5 $2.72
39.6 2.83
38.9 2. 77
40.5 2. 83
41.0 2.88
40.7 2.89
39.8 2.86
39.4 2.87
38.6 2.84
39.1 2. 87
39. 7 2. 87
38.9 2.85
38.6 2.87
39.0 2. 89
39.6 2. 93
D istille d , rectified, a n d
blended liq u o rs
$34.42
88.01
82. 43
84.90
84. 36
88.03
88.53
87.40
94. 37
92. 97
91.96
90.01
91.73
89.86
90.56
Miscellaneous food
products 3
38.2 $2. 21 $76. 86
38.6 2. 28 80.95
36.8 2. 24 78.36
37.9 2. 24 79.32
38.0 2.22 79. 32
39.3 2. 24 80.12
39.0 2.27 81.16
38.0 2.30 82.78
40.5 2. 33 82.19
39.9 2. 33 84. 42
39.3 2. 34 83. 40
38.3 2.35 82.60
39.2 2 . 34 83.62
38.4 2. 34 83.01
38.7 2.34 82. 61
C orn s ir u p , su g a r,
o il, a n d starch
41.1 $1.87 $91.05
41.3 1.96 98.09
40.6 1.93 94. 99
41.1 1.93 94.48
41.1 1.93 97. 71
41.3 1.94 95.08
41.2 1.97 94.19
41.6 1.99 99.07
41.3 1.99 103.15
42.0 2. 01 108. 34
41.7 2. 00 104. 48
41.3 2.00 101.04
41.6 2. 01 102.12
41.3 2.01 103.03
41.1 2.01 102.24
41.2 $2.21
42.1 2.33
41.3 2.30
40.9 2.31
42.3 2.31
41.7 2.28
40.6 2.32
41.8 2. 37
42.8 2.41
44.4
2. 44
43.9 2. 38
42.1 2.40
42.2 2.42
42.4 2.43
42.6 2.40
M a n u fa c tu r e d ice
$73. 43
75. 31
75.07
74.90
74.09
76. 56
77. 74
76. 78
74. 29
76.29
74. 73
75.60
75.16
79. 23
85.62
1957: Average........ . $73. 60
1958: Average___
77.55
April______
77. 55
May............... 77. 97
June_______
80.64
July...............
79. 87
August............ 79.87
September___ 75.98
October_____ 76. 57
November___ 80. 73
December___ 85.17
1959: January_____ 79.95
February____ 77.41
March______ 77. 22
April............... 77.42
40.0 $1.84
40.6 1.91
40.6 1.91
40.4 1.93
42.0 1.92
41.6 1.92
41.6 1.92
40.2 1.89
40.3 1.90
41.4 1.95
42.8 1.99
41.0 1.95
39.9 1.94
39.4 1.96
39.3 1.97
8ee footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cigars
$19. 63
51.79
48.06
50.73
51.61
51.92
52.88
54. 77
54. 49
55.30
53.34
51.80
51.80
51.66
51.18
Tobacco and snuff
37.6 $1.32 $60. 75
37.8 1.37 62. 79
35.6 1.35 60. 92
37.3 1.36 62.87
37.6 1.37 63.13
37.9 1. 37 63.00
38.6 1.37 64.73
39.4 1.39 61.92
39.2 1.39 62.66
39.5 1.40 63. 75
38.1 1.40 66.35
37.0 1.40 65.32
37.0 1.40 65.19
36.9 1.40 64.84
36.3 1.41 64.90
B o ttled so ft d r in k s
$57. 48
68.81
67.40
68. 64
71.12
71.98
72. 54
69. 37
67. 57
67.82
69. 81
68. 55
68. 56
69.47
71.40
41.4
41.7
41.1
41.6
43.1
43.1
43.7
42.3
41.2
41.1
41.8
41.8
41.3
41.6
42.5
$1.63
1.65
1.64
1.66
1.65
1.67
1.66
1.64
1.64
1.65
1.67
1.64
1.66
1.67
1.68
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
44.5 $1.65 $58.67
44.3 1. 70 62.56
43.9 1.71 62. 70
43.8 1. 71 64. 24
44.1 1.68 66.30
45.3 1. 69 65. 74
45.2 1.72 62. 96
44.9 1. 71 60.15
43.7 1.70 60.19
44.1 1.73 62.72
43.7 1.71 66.17
43.7 1.73 63. 63
43.7 1.72 63. 53
45.8 1.73 64.39
48.1 1.78 65.02
38.6 $1. 52
39.1 1.60
38.0 1.65
38.7 1.66
39.7 1.67
39.6 1.66
39.6 1.59
40.1 1.50
39.6 1.52
39.2 1.60
40.1 1.65
38.8 1.64
38.5 1.65
38.1 1.69
37.8 1.72
Textile-mill products
Tobacco manufactures—Continued
Cigarettes
43 3 $1.95
44.2 2.03
40.9 2.16
39 9 2.12
41.7 2.16
42. 5 2.18
42.1 2.21
41.9 2.21
44.4 1.96
51.0 1.84
50.1 1.83
42.6 2.11
41.0 2.14
41.3 2.22
41.0 2.24
Tobacco manufactures
Food and kindred products—Continued
M a lt liquors
Sugar3
39.6 $1 73 $84.44
39.5 1.83 89.73
39.5 1.82 88. 34
39.7 1.82 84. 59
40.2 1.82 90. 07
40.6 1. 82 92. 65
39.8 1.83 93.04
39.2 1.85 92.60
38.9 1.85 87.02
38.8 1.86 93.84
39.4 1.88 91. 68
39.0 1.88 89.89
39.1 1.88 87.74
39.6 1.89 91. 69
38.4 1. 89 91.84
Beverages 3
C on fection ery
$62.17
64.39
62. 76
62. 76
64.55
63.03
66.33
67. 57
64. 48
63.83
65. 27
65.57
64.91
64.18
65.23
B is c u its , crackers,
a n d p r e tz e ls
Tobacco stemming
and redrying
37. 5 $1.62 $48.13
37.6 1.67 49.92
36.7 1.66 54.83
37.2 1.69 56. 78
37.8 1.67 57.98
37.5 1.68 57. 45
38.3 1.69 49.28
37.3 1.66 48.62
37.3 1.68 47.36
37.5 1.70 44.14
38.8 1. 71 52. 77
38.2 1.71 50.14
37.9 1.72 51.30
37.7 1.72 54.02
37.3
1.74 58.46
38.2
38.7
36.8
37.6
38.4
38.3
38.2
41.2
39.8
35.6
38.8
37.7
38.0
37.0
37.0
$1.26
1. 29
1.49
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.29
1.18
1.19
1.24
1.36
1.33
1.35
1.46
1.58
Total: Textile-mill
products
Scouring and comb
ing plants
$18.35
58. 29
54. 90
55.95
57. 98
57.90
59.19
59.95
60. 95
61.26
61.10
60.89
61.66
63.43
63. 43
$84.32
64.96
62 64
63.20
67.68
68.10
67.42
65.99
64. 88
65.45
66. 62
70. 52
68.30
70. 29
73. 65
38.9 $1.50
38.6 1.51
36.6 1. 50
37.3 1.50
38.4 1.51
38.6 1.50
39.2 1.51
39.7 1. 51
1.52
40.1
1.52
403
40.2 1.52
39.8 1.53
40.3 1. 53
40.4 1.57
40.4 1.57
40. 2 $1.60
40.6 1.60
39.9 1.57
40.0 1.58
42.3 1.60
42.3 1.61
42.4 1.59
41.5 1.59
40.3 1.61
40.4 1. 62
41.9 1. 59
43.0 1.64
41.9 1.63
42.6 1.65
44.1 1.67
829
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn
ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Yarn and thread
mills 1
1957: Average_____ $52. 72
1968: Average_____ 52. 36
April_______ 48.51
May_______
49.21
June_______
51.66
July.—............ 51. 94
August_____ 53. 76
September___ 54. 46
October_____ 55.13
November___ 56.12
December___ 56. 26
<fi January_____ 55.70
February........ 56. 52
March. __
58.25
April----------- 59. 35
38.2
37.4
34.9
35.4
36.9
37.1
38.4
38.9
39.1
39.8
39.9
39.5
39.8
39.9
40.1
$1.38!
1. 40
1.39
1.39
1.40
1. 40
1.40
1.40
1. 41
1. 41
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.46
1.48
C otton, s ilk , syn th etic
fiber- -Continued
Y a r n m ills
$53.10
52. 08
47.96
48.93
51.38
51. 66
54. 00
54. 71
54. 85
56. 37
56. 37
55. 55
56. 66
58.95
59.90
38.2
37.2
34.5
35.2
36.7
36.9
38.3
38.8
38.9
39.7
39.7
39.4
39.9
40.1
40.2
Broad-woven fabric
mills 3
Thread m ills
$1.39
1.40
1.39
1.39
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.41
1.42
1.47
1.49
W oolen a n d w orsted
$55.13
53. 25
53. 72
49.21
51.26
50. 69
52.97
54.24
54. 72
56.16
57. 86
57.71
57.13
56.98
58.16
39.1
37.5
38.1
34.9
36.1
35.7
37.3
38.2
38.0
39.0
39.9
39.8
39.4
38.5
39.3
$1.41
1.42
1.41
1. 41
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.48
1.48
Narrow fabrics and
$56. 70
56.26
52.85
53. 86
55.68
56.41
57. 38
57. 96
58. 98
59. 42
59.54
59.09
59. 98
62.17
62. 73
39.1 $1. 45 $55. 63
38.8 1.45 55.06
36.7 1.44 51.18
37.4 1.44 52. 40
38.4 1.45 54. 20
38.9 1.45 54. 53
39.3 1. 46 55. 77
39. 7 1.46 56.74
40.4 1. 46 57. 89
40.7 1. 46 59. 02
40.5 1.47 58. 58
40.2 1.47 57. 60
40.8 1.47 58. 73
40.9 1.52 61.31
41.0 1.53 61.86
38.9
38.5
36.1
36.8
37.8
38.3
39.0
39.4
40.3
40.8
40.4
40.0
40.5
40.7
40.8
United States
$1.41
1.42
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.50
1.51
$65.28
65.12
62. 65
64. 96
67.30
67.30
66. 40
66. 56
66.72
65.60
65. 60
66.98
68. 43
69.86
71.28
40.8
40.7
39.4
40.6
41.8
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.0
41.0
41.6
42.5
42.6
43.2
$1.60 $60.80
1.60 60.37
1.59 57.68
1.60 58. 91
1.61 60. 76
1.61 60. 45
1.60 60. 45
1.60 61. 69
1.60 61.31
1.60 62. 49
1.60 63.34
1.61 63.27
1.61 64.21
1.64 64.31
1.65 66.65
F u ll-fash ion ed
hosiery —Continued
South
1957: Average____ $56.73
1958: Average_____ 57.08
April______
56.09
May_______
55. 87
June____ ...
54.51
July................ 53. 85
August-------- 55.88
September___ 57.08
October_____ 58.89
November___ 60.10
December___ 59. 65
1959: January_____ 57. 46
February____ 58.52
March. ____ 59.13
April.. _ . .. 56.85
36.6
37.8
36.9
37.0
36.1
35.9
37.5
37.8
39.0
39.8
39.5
37.8
38.5
38.9
37.9
40.6
40.5
39.1
39.9
41.8
40.0
40.6
40.8
41.7
41.6
41.8
41.2
42.1
42.4
42.2
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.65
1.65
1.64
1. 63
1.66
1. 64
1.64
1.65
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.67
1. 71
1.71
40.0
39.2
38.2
38.5
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.8
39.3
39.8
40.6
40.3
40.9
40.7
41.4
$1.52
1.54
1.51
1. 53
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.56
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.61
$54.09
54. 75
51.74
53. 29
54. 75
54. 67
56.12
57.18
57. 48
58.16
56. 74
55.94
56. 68
57. 22
57.37
38.5
38.7
37.4
37.8
38.2
39.0
38.8
39.4
39.7
39.9
40.5
40.2
40.4
40.0
40.0
$1. 52
1.53
1.51
1.53
1.53
1. 52
1. 53
1.54
1.54
1.55
1. 55
1.54
1. 55
1.55
1.55
37.3 $1.45 $57. 51
37.5 1.46 57.99
35.2 1.47 55.94
36.5 1.46 57. 07
37.5 1.46 55. 94
37. 7 1. 45 55. 27
38.7 1. 45 57.38
38.9 1.47 58. 45
39.1
1.47 59.98
39.3 1. 48 60. 74
38.6 1.47 60. 44
37.8 1.48 57. 68
38.3 1.48 58. 45
38.4 1.49 59.06
38.5 1.49 57.61
North
37.1
37.9
36.8
37.3
36.8
36.6
38.0
38.2
39.2
39.7
39.5
37.7
38.2
38.6
37.9
$1.55
1.53
1.52
1. 53
1.52
1.51
1.51
1. 53
1. 53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.52
$59. 68
59. 21
55.48
59.28
59.29
58. 83
60. 37
61.39
62. 88
62.17
61.46
57.97
58.13
59.50
59.50
38. 5 $1.65
38.2 1.55
36.5
1.52
38.0
1. 56
38.5 1.54
1.54
38.2
39.2 1.54
39.1
1.57
39.8 1.58
39.6 1. 57
39.4 1.56
37.4 1.55
37.5 1. 55
37.9 1.57
37.9 1.57
37.7
37.7
35.9
37.5
38.9
38.3
39.3
39.0
38.9
39.0
37.9
37.1
37.4
37.8
38.9
$1.52
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.53
1. 54
1.54
1. 53
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.54
$50. 69
52.13
47.33
48. 99
50. 78
51.24
53.93
56.12
55.98
56.12
54.60
55.91
54.57
54.43
56.30
37.0
37.5
34.3
35.5
36.8
37.4
38.8
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.0
39.1
38.7
38.6
39.1
S ea m less hosiery
United States
$1.55
1.51
1. 52
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.49
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.52
1. 52
1.52
1.50
Dyeing and finishing
textiles 3
1957: Average____ $66.99
1958: Average_____ 66.83
April_______ 64.12
May_______
65. 04
June.... ........... 69. 39
July............... 65.60
August_____
66. 58
September__ 67. 32
October_____ 69. 64
November. .. 69. 06
Decern her___ 69. 39
1959: January____
67.98
February____ 70.31
March
_ . 72. 50
April_______ 72.16
North
38.9 $1.43 $58.52
38.5 1.43 59.21
36.3 1.41 56. 47
36.9 1.42 67.83
37.9 1.43 58. 45
38.4 1. 42 59. 28
39.0 1.43 59. 36
39.4 1.44 60.68
40.2 1.44 61.14
40. 7 1.45 61. 85
40.4 1.45 62.78
40.0 1.44 61.91
40.5 1.45 62. 62
40.6 1.51 62.00
40.7 1.52 62.00
FvJ.l-fashioned hosiery
Knitting mills 3
South
1957: Average.......... $54.85
1958: Average.
54. 67
April........ ...... 50.54
May_______
51.52
June_______
53. 30
July................ 54.00
August-------- 55. 38
September___ 55.95
October.......... 57. 63
November___ 58. 34
December___ 57. 77
1959: January_____ 57. 20
February........ 58. 32
March______ 61.05
April_______ 61.61
C otton, s ilk , syn th etic fiber
United States
$18.55
49.50
45.02
46. 98
48.60
50.63
50.65
51.30
52. 47
53.79
51.89
51. 71
52.30
52.54
52.64
36.5 $1.33
36.4 1.36
1.36
33.1
34.8 1.35
36.0 1.35
37.5 1.35
37.8 1.34
38.0 1.35
38.3 1.37
38.7 1.39
37.6 1.38
37.2 1.39
37.9 1.38
37.8 1.39
37.6 1.40
D y e in g a n d fin ish in g
textiles (except w o o l )
$66.58
66.58
63.90
65.04
68. 81
64. 87
66. 34
67.08
69. 39
69. 55
69.39
68.15
69.72
72. 50
71.99
40.6
40.6
39.2
39.9
41.7
39.8
40.7
40.9
41.8
41.9
41.8
41.3
42.0
42.4
42.1
North
$51.14
52.64
51.52
50. 87
51.29
52.22
52.68
55.13
54. 88
54.53
53. 44
52.34
51.71
53. 30
52.20
37.6
37.6
36.8
36.6
36.9
37.3
37.9
39.1
39.2
38.4
37.9
36.6
37.2
37.8
38.1
South
$1. 36
1.40
1.40
1.39
1.39
1. 40
1.39
1.41
1.40
1. 42
1.41
1.43
1.39
1.41
1.37
Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings 3
$1.64 $74.70
1.64 77.30
1.63 73. 70
1.63 73.88
1.65 75. 24
1.63 77. 52
1.63 77.90
1.64 80. 41
1.66 81.51
1.66 81.37
1.66 81.79
1.65 82.41
1.66 82. 99
1.71 83.03
1.71 81.51
40.6
40.9
39.2
39.3
39.6
40.8
41.0
42.1
42.9
42.6
42.6
42.7
43.0
42.8
41.8
$1.84
1.89
1.88
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.95
$18.28
48. 87
44.34
46.23
48.11
50. 25
50.27
50. 65
51.95
53. 41
51.89
51.47
52.44
52.54
52.50
36.3 $1.33 $57.30
36.2 1. 35 57.68
32.6 1.36 54.93
34.5 1.34 57.38
35.9 1.34 59.13
37.5 1.34 58. 22
37.8 1.33 60.13
37.8 1.34 59. 67
38.2 1. 36 59.91
38. 7 1.38 60. 06
37.6 1.38 57. 99
37.3 1.38 57.13
38.0 1.38 57. 60
37.8 1.39 58.59
37.5
1.40 59.91
W ool ca rp ets, T U Q 8 .
a n d ca rp et ya rn
$72. 25
73.45
68.63
69.16
69.18
69. 55
72.86
77. 79
78.12
78. 54
78.91
80. 89
81.84
80. 33
79.00
39.7
39.7
37.5
38.0
37.6
37.8
39.6
41.6
42.0
42.0
42.2
42.8
43.3
42.5
41.8
$1.82
1.85
1.83
1.82
1.84
1. 84
1.84
1.87
1.86
1.87
1.87
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
Hats (except cloth
and millinery)
$59.04
58.74
54.42
57.19
60. 42
60. 39
59.67
58.98
55. 28
59.16
61.88
63. 75
64.81
61.18
61.03
36.0
35.6
33.8
35.3
36.4
36.6
35.1
34.9
33.3
34.8
36.4
37.5
37.9
36.2
35.9
$1. 64
1.65
1.61
1.62
1.66
1.65
1.70
1.69
1. 66
1.70
1. 70
1.70
1.71
1.69
1.70
$1.37
1.39
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.39
1.41
1.41
1. 41
1.40
1.43
1.41
1.41
1.44
Miscellaneous textile
goods 3
$69.03
68. 95
65.53
66.43
69. 65
68.60
68.95
72.92
71.28
71. 56
73.03
71.20
72. 54
73.44
72.94
39.9
39.4
38.1
38.4
39.8
39.2
39.4
41.2
40.5
40.2
40.8
40.0
40.3
40.8
40.3
$1.73
1.75
1.72
1.73
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.77
1.76
1.78
1.79
1.78
1.80
1.80
1.81
830
T
able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
Avg. Avg.
Avg.
Avg. Avg.
Avg. Avg.
wkly, wkly.
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly. Avg. hrly. wkly. Avg. hrly. wkly. Avg. hrly. wkly. Avg. hrly.
earn hours earn earn wkly. earn earn wkly. earn earn wkly. earn earn wkly. earn earn wkly.
earn
ings
ings ings hours ings ings hours ings ings hours ings ings hours ings ings hours ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
F e lt goods (except
w oven fe lts a n d hats)
1957: Average.......... $73. 28
1958: Average_____ 74.88
April_______ 69. 92
May_______ 73.15
June............... 75. 27
July— .......... 75. 66
August_____
77.01
September___ 78. 53
October.......... 77. 39
November___ 79. 95
December___ 79. 54
1959: January.......... 75.64
February____ 76. 82
March______ 78.98
April_______ 81.19
L ace goods
39.4 $1.86 $67.32
39.0 1.92 66.04
36.8 1.90 65. 87
37.9 1.93 64. 05
38.6 1.95 68.71
39.2 1.93 65. 69
39.9 1.93 61. 59
40.9 1.92 70.43
40.1 1.93 66. 55
41.0 1.95 65.88
41.0 1.94 65.14
39.6 1.91 60.04
39.6 1.94 66. 98
40.5 1.95 67.53
40.8 1. 99 70.31
37.4 $1.80
37.1 1.78
36.8 1.79
36.6 1.75
38.6 1.78
36.7 1. 79
34.6 1.78
38.7 1.82
37.6 1. 77
36.2 1.82
36.8 1.77
37.1 1.78
36.8 1.82
36.7 1.84
37.4 1.88
P a d d in g s a n d u pholstery fillin g
$71. 46
71.46
66.70
68. 56
72. 22
71. 34
72. 45
76.68
75. 72
76.08
77.70
73.85
73. 93
74.98
74. 52
P ro ce ssed w a ste a n d
recovered fibers
40.6 $1.76 $57. 40
39.7 1.80 59.28
37.9 1.76 57. 74
38.3 1.79 57.86
39.9 1.81 58. 87
39.2 1.82 57.23
40.7 1.78 57. 82
42.6 1.80 62.13
42.3 1.79 62. 82
41.8 1.82 61.95
42.0 1.85 62. 82
40.8 1.81 62.87
40.4 1.83 64. 84
41.2 1.82 66.57
40.5 1.84 63. 24
41.0 $1.40
40.6 1. 46
40.1 1.44
39.9 1.45
40.6 1. 45
39.2 1.46
39.6 1.46
41.7 1.49
41.6 1.51
41.3 1.50
41.6 1.51
40.3 1. 56
41.3 1.57
42.4 1.57
40.8 1.55
A r tific ia l leather, oilcloth, a n d other coated
fa b rics
$92. 66
91.79
83. 74
86.27
92. 23
91.58
91.58
98. 57
92.01
94. 55
98.06
93.02
97.22
93.86
93. 91
43.5 $2.13
42.3 2.17
39.5 2.12
40.5 2.13
42.5 2.17
42.4 2.16
42.4 2.16
44.4 2.22
42.4 2.17
42.4 2.23
43.2 2. 27
41.9 2.22
43.4 2. 24
41.9 2. 24
42.3 2. 22
Cordage a n d tw in e
$58. 44
59.44
57. 53
57.99
59. 67
60.04
61. 05
62. 06
60. 83
60. 21
62.00
61.23
62.33
63. 90
61.00
38.7 $1.51
38.6 1.54
37.6 1.53
37.9 1.53
39.0 1. 53
39.5 1. 52
39.9 1.53
40.3 1.54
39.5 1.54
39.1
1. 54
40.0 1. 55
39.5 1.55
39.7 1.57
40.7 1.57
39.1 1.56
Apparel and other finished textile products
Ü
Total Apparel and
other finished textile
products
1957: Average_____ $53. 64
1958: Average_____ 53.45
Aprll_______ 51. 75
May_______
52.20
June............... 52. 50
July—............. 53. 40
August_____ 55.33
September___ 55. 23
October_____ 55. 08
November___ 54. 42
December... . 54.87
1959: January_____ 55.08
February____ 56.15
March______ 55. 85
April..
55.63
36.0 $1.49
35.4 1.51
34.5 1. 50
34.8 1.50
35.0 1. 50
35.6 1. 50
36.4
1.52
36.1 1.53
36.0 1. 53
35.8 1.52
36.1
1.52
36.0 1.53
36.7 1.53
36.5 1.53
36.6 1.52
Women’s outerwear3
1957- Average_____ $58.10
1958: Average_____ 57.63
April-........... 57. 45
May____ ...
57. 45
June_______
55. 44
July.............. . 58.13
August-........ 60.90
September___ 57. 96
October_____ 58. 30
November___ 57.29
December___ 58.65
1959: January_____ 59.86
February........ 61.94
March______ 61.07
April61.05
35.0 $1.66
34.1 1. 69
34.4
1.67
34.4 1.67
33.4 1.66
34.6 1.68
35.2 1.73
33.5 1.73
33.7 1. 73
33. 5 1. 71
34.5 1.70
34.8 1.72
35.6 1.74
35.3 1.73
35.7 1.71
C orsets a n d allied
g a rm en ts
1957: Average_____ $52. 63
1958: Average_____ 53.10
April_______ 51.70
Mav_______
52. 65
June_______
53.00
July________ 51. 11
August_____
52. 85
September___ 54.15
October_____ 54. 81
November___ 54. 75
December___ 54.75
1959: January_____ 53.3C
February____ 54.26
March______ 54.11
April______
55.48
$63.01
60.37
56.14
60.19
61.59
60. 55
62. 30
63. 01
61.41
61.60
62. 65
63.36
63. 88
63.18
64.42
35.6 $1.77
34.3 1.76
31.9 1. 76
34.2 1. 76
34.6 1.78
34.8 1. 74
35.2 1.77
35.6 1. 77
34.5 1.78
34.8 1. 77
35.8 1. 75
36.0 1.76
36.5 1.75
35.9 1.76
36.6 1. 70
W o m e n ’s dresses
$56. 03
56.28
61.25
59.68
53.61
54. 78
58. 48
55.21
55. 90
55.40
57. 11
57.80
59. 86
61.07
64.07
34.8 $1.61
33.3 1.69
35.2 1. 74
34.3 1. 74
32.1 1.67
33.4 1. 64
34.2 1.71
32.1 1. 72
32.5 1. 72
32.4 1.71
33.4 1.71
33.8 1.71
34.6 1. 72
35.1 1.74
36.2 1.77
Millinery
35.8 $1.47 $62.11
35.4 1.50 64.05
34.7 1.49 61.00
35. 1 1.50 49. 54
35.1
1.51 58. 71
34.3 1.49 62. 79
35.0 1. 51 68. 62
36.1
1.5C 69. 52
36.3 1.51 68. 24
36.5 1.5C 56. 90
36.5 1.5C 62. 84
35.3
1. 51 65.52
35.7 1. 52 69. 75
35.6 1.52 65.34
36.5 1.52 57.88
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Men’s and boys’
suits and coats
35.9 $1. 73
35.0 1.82
33.7 1.81
28.8 1.72
32.8 1. 7E
34. 5 1.82
36. 5 1.88
36.4
1.91
36 3 1. 88
32.7 1. 74
35.5 1.77
36.2 1.81
37.3 1. 87
36.5 1.7E
31.8 1.82
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing 1
$16.23
46.08
44. 16
44. 42
44.70
46. 34
47.62
48. 38
47. 60
47. 21
47.47
47.09
47.62
48. 38
48.12
36.4 $1.27
36.0 1.28
34.5 1.28
34.7 1. 28
35.2 1.27
36.2 1.28
37.2 1.28
37.5 1.29
36.9 1.29
36.6 1.29
36.8 1. 29
36.5 1.29
37.2 1.28
37.5 1.29
37.3 1.29
H ou seh old a p p a r e l
$46.44
46. 99
47. 52
47.22
46. 33
45.72
47. 29
47.08
47. 57
48. 51
48.08
46. 36
47.93
48. 60
49.50
36.0 $1.29
35.6 1.32
36.0 1.32
35. 5 1.33
35.1 1.32
34.9 1.31
36.1
1.31
35.4 1.33
35. 5 1.34
36.2 1.34
36.7 1.31
34.6 1.34
35.5 1.35
36.0 1.35
36.4 1.36
Children’s
outerwear
$50. 55
50. 23
48.06
48. 87
50. 65
51. 57
50. 74
50. 54
51. 71
50.05
49. 27
51.38
52. 50
49.4C
49.13
S h irts, collars, a n d
n ig h tw ea r
$16. 46
46. 34
44. 54
44.42
44.07
46.21
47. 49
48. 89
48. 50
48.89
47. 71
46.44
46.98
47.86
47.21
36.3 $1.28
36.2 1.28
34.8 1.28
34.7 1.28
34.7 1.27
36.1 1. 28
37.1 1.28
37.9 1.29
37.6 1.29
37.9 1.29
36.7 1.30
36.0 1.29
36.7 1.28
37.1 1.29
36.6 1. 29
W o m e n ’s s u its, coats,
a n d s k irts
$68. 54
68.34
57.32
60. 99
64.62
72.16
75. 24
70. 64
71.11
66.71
70.18
72.66
74.20
69.14
62.08
33.6
33.5
29.7
32.1
32.8
35.2
36.0
33.8
33.7
32.7
34.4
35.1
35.5
33.4
32.0
$2.04
2.04
1.93
1.90
1.97
2.05
2.09
2. 09
2.11
2.04
2. 04
2.07
2.09
2.07
1.94
Miscellaneous
apparel and
accessories
36.9 $1.37 $19.90
36.4 1.38 50. 76
35.6 1.35 47. 80
36.2 1.35 49.07
36.7 1.38 50.20
37.1 1.39 51.26
36. 5 1.3£ 50.74
36.1 1.40 52. 82
37.2 1.39 53.48
36.8 1.36 52. 97
35.7 1.38 53. 39
36.7 1.40 52.73
37.5 1.40 52. 45
35.8 1.38 51.97
35.6 1.38 52.40
35.9 $1.39
36.0 1.41
33.9 1.41
34.8 1.41
35.6 1.41
36.1 1. 42
36.5 1.39
37.2 1. 42
37.4 1.43
37.3 1.42
37.6 1.42
37.4 1.41
37.2 1.41
36.6 1.42
36.9 1.42
S ep a ra te tro u sers
$17.06
47.03
46. 73
45.11
45. 63
46. 57
47. 95
47.16
46. 41
45.28
47. 45
47.55
50.17
50.83
50.30
36.2 $1.30
35.9 1.31
35.4 1.32
34.7 1.30
35.1 1.30
1.29
36.1
36.6 1.31
36.0 1.31
35.7 1.30
35.1 1.29
36.5 1.30
36.3 1.31
38.3 1.31
38.8 1.31
38.4 1.31
Women’s and children’s undergarments*
$18.91
49.59
47. 60
47. 68
48.28
48.06
49.68
50.86
52. 30
52. 40
50.14
49.68
50.92
51. 66
50.74
36.5
36.2
35.0
34.8
35.5
35.6
36.8
37.4
37.9
37.7
36.6
36.0
36.9
36.9
36.5
$1.34
1.37
1.36
1.37
1.36
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.38
1.39
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.40
1.39
Other fabricated
textile products 3
$56. 70
56.85
54.15
56.32
56. 92
56. 39
57. 45
59.14
57. 91
59.06
58. 59
59.03
59.06
59.97
60.60
37.8
37.4
36.1
37.3
37.2
37.1
38.3
38.4
38.1
38.1
37.8
37.6
38.1
38.2
38.6
$1.50
1.52
1.50
1. 51
1.53
1.52
1.50
1.54
1.52
1. 55
1. 55
1.57
1. 55
1.57
1.57
W o rk shirts
$42. 47
42. 35
42. 24
40. 60
41.76
39.90
44. 54
45. 05
42. 82
42.95
43.19
44. 74
44. 37
45.08
45.55
36.3 $1.17
36.2 1.17
1.18
35.8
34 7 1.17
36.0 1.16
34.1 1.17
38.4 1.16
38.5 1.17
36.6 1.17
36.4 1.18
36.6 1.18
37.6 1.19
37.6 1.18
38.2 1.18
38.6 1.18
U n d e rw e a r a n d nightw ea r, ex cep t corsets
$17. 47
47.82
45.63
45. 33
46.05
46. 70
48. 38
49. 65
51. 21
51.57
48. 44
48.28
49.74
50.49
48.91
36.8 $1.29
36.5 1.31
35. 1 1.30
34.6 1.31
35.7 1.29
36.2 1. 29
37. 5 1.29
37.9 1.31
38. 5 1.33
38.2 1.35
36.7 1.32
36.3 1.33
37.4 1.33
37.4 1.35
36.5 1.34
C u rta in s , d ra p eries,
and other housefu rn ish in g s
$19. 37
50.36
48. 33
49.41
50.05
49. 28
51 46
51.71
52. 36
52. 61
51.95
49.50
52.16
52.54
52. 26
37.4 $1.32
37.3 1.35
35.8 1.35
36 6 1.35
36.8 1.36
38.5 1.35
38.4 1.34
38.3 1.35
38.5 1.36
38.4
1.37
38.2 1.36
36.4 1.36
37.8 1.38
37.8 1.39
37.6 1.39
831
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn
ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings
ings ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products
Apparel and other finished textile products—
Continued
T extile bags
1057: Average_____ $59. 40
60.52
1958: Average____
April.............. 58. 75
May....... ....... 59.06
59.14
June_______
July...... ......... 60. 68
August_____ 61.38
September___ 63.55
October_____ 60. 98
November___ 60. 83
December___ 61.07
1959: January.......... 62.16
February------ 59.21
March______ 60.61
April............... 61.54
C a n va s p r o d u c ts
39.6 $1. 50 $57.33
39.3 1.54 61.00
37.9 1.55 60.15
38.6 1.53 63.80
38.4 1.54 63.09
39.4 1.54 62.40
39.6 1. 55 59.15
41.0 1.55 63.11
39.6 1. 54 60. 05
39.5 1.54 60.20
39.4 1.55 60.90
40.1 1.55 60. 34
38.7 1.53 61.29
39.1 1.55 64.27
39.7 1.55 62.62
39.0
40.4
40.1
41.7
40.7
41.6
39.7
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.6
39.7
39.8
41.2
41.2
$1. 47
1.51
1.50
1.53
1. 55
1.50
1.49
1.57
1.49
1. 49
1.50
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.52
Total: Paper and
allied products
$86.29
88.83
85. 69
86.10
88.20
88. 83
90. 53
91.38
91.38
90.95
91.16
91.58
92.01
92.66
93.09
42.3
41.9
41.0
41.0
41.8
41.9
42.5
42.7
42.7
42.5
42.4
42.4
42.4
42.7
42.7
$2.04
2.12
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.18
1957: Average.........« $83. 01
1958: Average.......... 87.85
April_______ 82.60
May............... 84.63
84. 89
June_______
July------------ 88.29
August--------- 89.60
September___ 89. 98
October_____ 92. 51
November___ 97.16
December___ 88.62
1959: January.......... 87.81
February........ 91. 53
March______ 91.98
April_______ 89.87
Other paper and
allied products
40.1 $2. 07 $76.07
40.3 2.18 78.96
38.6 2.14 76.99
39.0 2. 17 76.61
39.3 2.16 77. 97
40.5 2.18 78. 55
41.1 2.18 79.95
40.9 2.20 80. 75
41.3 2. 24 80. 95
42.8 2. 27 80. 75
40.1 2. 21 81.16
39.2 2. 24 81.77
40.5 2.26 82.78
40.7 2.26 82.78
40.3 2.23 83.40
$94.18
96.10
93.04
93. 24
95. 87
96. 73
98.31
99.20
98. 75
98. 72
99.39
99.62
99.39
100.07
100. 74
43.4
42.9
42.1
42.0
42.8
42.8
43.5
43.7
43.5
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.4
43.7
43.8
$2.17
2.24
2.21
2. 22
2.24
2. 26
2. 26
2. 27
2.27
2.28
2. 29
2.29
2.29
2.29
2. 30
Paperboard con
tainers and boxes9
$79.90
82.41
78.80
80. 40
83.02
83.02
85.68
86. 09
86. 50
86.09
85. 07
85.08
85.28
86.74
86.53
Total: Printing, pub
lishing, and allied
industries
40.9 $1.86 $96.25
40.7 1.94 97.90
1.92 96.14
40.1
39.9 1.92 97.01
40.4 1.93 97. 38
40.7 1.93 97.38
41.0 1.95 98. 54
41.2 1.96 99. 56
41.3 1.96 99. 68
41.2 1.96 99.30
41.2 1.97 101. 76
41.3 1.98 99.94
41.6 1.99 100. 44
41.6 1.99 102.64
41.7 2.00 101.73
1957: Average_____
1958: Average_____
April_______
May----------June_______
July-----------August-------September___
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February........
March--------April_______
$95. 76
97.22
94 92
94. 82
96.22
97.11
97. 75
100.19
99.04
98.39
100.19
99.94
99. 57
102.68
100.61
39.9 $2.40 $96. 53
39.2 2.48 98.81
38.9 2. 44 97.52
38.7 2. 45 97. 54
38.8 2. 48 98.81
39.0 2. 49 100. 23
2. 50 100. 61
39.1
39.6 2. 53 101. 39
39.3 2. 52 100. 10
39.2 2. 51 100.61
39.6 2.53 101.26
39.5 2. 53 101. 53
39.2 2. 54 103.88
39.8 2.58 105.34
39.3 2. 56 103.75
Industrial inorganic
chemicals s
1957: Average.......... $100.04
1958: Average........ 104. 70
April_______ 102. 56
May_______ 103. 38
June_______ 104.96
July.............. 104. 60
August-------- 105.41
September___ 107. 42
October_____ 105.97
November___ 107.01
December___ 109.25
1959: January......... 108.09
February........ 108.36
March______ 108,24
April_______ 109.18
38.5 $2.50 $102.03
37.8 2.59 103.43
37.7 2. 55 102. 37
37.6 2. 58 103. 72
37.6 2.59 103. 72
37.6 2. 59 102. 55
37.9 2.60 103.14
38.0 2. 62 104. 49
37.9 2.63 105.19
37.9 2. 62 105.44
38.4 2. 65 109. 56
38.0 2.63 103.95
37.9 2.65 104.90
38.3 2.68 105.60
38.1 2.67 107. 51
Greeting cards
39.4 $2. 45 $64.18
38.9 2.54 67.03
38.7 2.52 69. 09
38.4 2. 54 68. 53
38.9 2. 54 66.39
39.0 2. 57 63.58
39.3 2. 56 64.09
39.3 2. 58 66.09
39.1 2.56 65.77
39.3 2. 56 68.60
39.4 2. 57 68. 68
38.9 2.61 71.55
39.2 2. 65 70.25
39.6 2.66 71.21
39.3 2.64 70.10
A lk a lie s a n d chlorine
41.0 $2. 44 $97. 68
40.9 2. 56 102.72
40.7 2.52 101. 18
40.7 2. 54 99.70
41.0 2.56 101. 66
40.7 2. 57 103. 53
40.7 2. 59 102.17
41.0 2. 62 105. 01
40.6 2.61 105.30
41.0 2.61 106. 08
41.7 2.62 106. 97
41.1 2.63 105. 67
41.2 2.63 108.21
41.0 2.64 106.23
41.2 2.65 107.42
Bee footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Lithographing
40.7
40.6
40.8
40.2
40.5
40.6
39.6
40. 7
40.5
40.8
41.3
40.8
41.3
40.7
41.0
41.5 $1.91
41.1 1.99
39.7 1.97
40.3 1.98
41.3 2.00
41.2 2. 00
42.1 2.02
42.4 2. 02
42.5 2.02
42.1 2.01
41.9 2. 02
41.4 2.05
41.3 2.05
41.8 2.06
41.5 2.07
$79.27
81.79
78.21
79. 79
82.60
82. 40
85. 04
85. 65
85. 85
84.62
84. 64
84.87
84. 67
86.11
85.91
38.2 $1.68
38.3 1.75
38.6 1. 79
38.5 1.78
38.6 1.72
37.4 1.70
37.7 1.70
38.2 1.73
37.8 1. 74
39.2 1. 75
38.8 1.77
39.1 1.83
38.6 1.82
38.7 1.84
38.1 1.84
Industrial organic
chemicals 2
$2.40 $96.93
2 .5 3 100.04
2. 48 98.00
2. 48 98. 98
2. 51
2. 55 100. 69
2.5 8 100. 85
2.58 102. 25
2.60 101.91
2.60 103.07
2. 59 103. 57
2.59 103.73
2.62 103. 57
2.61 103.73
2.62 1 0 4 .3S
100.12
40 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .0
4 0 .4
40.7
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
40.9
40.6
40.9
41.1
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.1
$2.37
2.47
2. 45
2.4 5
2.4 6
2. 48
2.4 9
2. 50
2. 51
2. 52
2.52
2.53
2.52
2. 53
2. 54
Books
Periodicals
Newspapers
35.8 $2. 85 $101.05
35.3 2.93 102.97
35.3 2.90 99.07
35.4 2. 93 98.81
35.4 2. 93 100.23
35.0 2. 93 103. 62
35.2 2.93 108.68
35.3 2.96 107.86
35.3 2.98 105. 73
35.5 2.97 102. 70
36.4 3.01 104.15
35.0 2.97 104.15
35.2 2. 98 106.00
35.2 3.00 111.50
35.6 3.02 103. 60
Printing, publishing, and allied industries—Continued
Commercial printing
41.4 $1.93
41.0 2.01
39.6 1. 99
40.2 2.00
41.1 2.02
41.1 2. 02
42.0 2.04
42.2 2. 04
42.4 2.04
42.2 2.04
41.7 2.04
41.1 2.07
41.2 2.07
41.7 2.08
41.4 2.09
P a p e rb o a rd boxes
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Paper and allied products—Continued
F iber can s, tu b es, and
d ru m s
Pulp, paper, and
paperboard mills
40.1 $2. 52 $84. 35 39.6 $2.13
39.3 2.62 85.80 39.0 2.20
38.7 2. 56 85.02 39.0 2.18
38.3 2. 58 85. 58 38.9 2. 20
39.0 2.57 85. 75 38.8 2.21
39.4 2.63 85.19 38.9 2.19
40.4 2. 69 88. 26 39.4 2. 24
39.8 2.71 88. 53 39.7 2.23
39.6 2.67 87.42 39.2 2.23
38.9 2. 64 86. 46 38.6 2. 24
39.3 2. 65 87. 58 39.1 2.24
39.3 2.65 88.88 39.5 2.25
39.7 2.67 87.98 39.1 2.25
40.4 2.76 90.52 39.7 2.28
38.8 2.67 90.29 39.6 2.28
Chemicals and allied
products
Miscellaneous pub Total: Chemicals and
allied products
lishing and print
ing services
$1.89 $110. 78 38.6 $2. 87 $91. 46 41.2 $2.22
1.97 110.75 37.8 2.93 94.48 40.9 2.31
1.93 107. 73 37.8 2. 85 92. 39 40.7 2.27
1.94 110. 96 38.0 2. 92 93. 43 40.8 2. 29
1.97 111. 22 37.7 2. 95 94. 94 41.1 2.31
1.96 111. 30 37.6 2. 96 95.06 40.8 2. 33
1.98 112.86 38.0 2. 97 95.24 40.7 2. 34
1.99 110. 70 37.4 2. 96 95. 94 41.0 2. 34
2. 00 112. 42 37.6 2. 99 95. 94 41.0 2.34
2.04 113. 78 37.8 3.01 96. 82 41.2 2.35
2.04 113. 62 38.0 2. 99 97. 70 41.4 2.36
2.05 113.45 38.2 2.97 97.00 41.1 2.36
2. 04 116.19 38.6 3.01 97. 64 41.2 2.37
2.05 117.09 38.9 3.01 97.88 41.3 2.37
2.06 114. 64 38.6 2.97 98.18 41.6 2.36
Bookbinding and
related industries
$73. 71
74.86
72.95
73. 53
74. 07
72. 91
76. 43
75.42
76.40
77.93
78.95
79.13
78.13
78.52
79.10
39.0
38.0
37.8
37.9
37.6
37.2
38.6
37.9
38.2
38.2
38.7
38.6
38.3
38.3
38.4
P la stic s , except s y n
thetic rubber
$99. 90
103.25
99. 47
102.18
102. 75
102. 31
104. 08
105. 75
105. 66
107. 70
106. 68
107.10
108.38
108.03
108.97
4 1 .8
4 1 .3
40.6
41 .2
41.1
40 .6
41.3
41.8
41.6
42.4
42.6
42.0
42.5
42.2
42.4
$2.3 9
2. 50
2. 45
2. 48
2. 50
2. 52
2. 52
2. 53
2.54
2. 54
2. 54
2. 55
2. 55
2. 56
2. 57
S yn th etic rubber
$107.98
113.30
108.14
110.03
. 61
111.52
112. 75
113.98
114. 67
117.88
120. 56
121.26
118. 53
118.08
118. 53
112
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
40.2
4 0 .6
41.1
40.7
41 .0
41.0
41.1
41.8
42.3
42.4
41.3
41.0
41.3
S y n th e tic fib ers
$2. 64 $32.21
84. 59
2 .7 5
2. 69 82. 71
83. 79
2.71
85. 44
2. 74
. 07
2. 74
87.08
2. 75
86.46
2. 78
84. 96
2. 79
85.60
. 82
. 43
2.85
84.99
85.63
2. 87
86
2
86
2.86
2.88 86.88
2.87
87.72
4 0 .3
3 9 .9
3 9 .2
3 9 .9
40 .3
40. 6
40 .5
40.4
39.7
40 .0
40.2
39 .9
40.2
40.6
40.8
$2.0 4
2.12
2.11
2.10
2.12
2.12
2 .1 5
2 .1 4
2.1 4
2.1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
832
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry — Con.
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Soap, cleaning and
Drugs and medicines polishing
preparations3
E xplosives
1057: Average_____ $93.30
1958: Average______ 95. 51
April................. 91.49
M ay________
92. 75
June_________ 95. 65
J u ly .................
95. 36
A u g u st........... 98.16
September___
99. 29
October_____
99. 53
November___
99. 46
December____ 98. 40
1959: January______ 97. 53
February____
97. 53
March_______ 98. 74
April________
97.61
41.1
40.3
39.1
39.3
40.7
39.9
40.9
41. 2
41.3
41.1
41.0
40.3
40.3
40.8
40.5
$2. 27 $82.82
2.37 85.88
2. 34 85.68
2. 36 84.85
2. 35 86.11
2. 39 86. 71
2. 40 85.41
2.41 85.63
2.41 80. 24
2. 42 87.29
2.40 88. 54
2.42 88. 54
2. 42 88. 73
2.42 88.94
2.41 88.48
Guin and wood
ch emicals
1957: Average_____ $78. 20
1958: Average_____
80.45
April________
81.83
M ay________
80.03
June_________ 79. 93
July....... ........... 81. 45
August______
80. 26
September___
80. 64
October. ___
79. 90
November___
80. 77
December____ 81.71
1959: Jan narv
81.54
February____
80.16
M arch_______ 80. 56
April. ________ 83.36
42.5
41.9
42.4
41.9
41.2
42.2
41.8
42.0
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.6
40.9
41.1
42.1
40.8
40.7
40.8
40.6
41.2
40.9
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.8
40.8
40. 7
40.8
40.4
$2. 03
2.11
2.10
2. 09
2.09
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.19
42.5
42.3
43.5
44.3
41.2
40.8
41.2
42.2
42.5
42.3
41.8
43.3
43.3
43.7
47.6
41.1
41.0
40.3
40.7
40.9
40.9
42.0
42.0
41.2
41.0
42.1
40.6
41.4
41.4
40.9
$1.69 $78.67
1.75 82.21
1.69 81.78
1. 77 81.08
1.76 84. 29
1.80 84. 24
1.77 83.18
1.79 81.91
1.77 83. 44
1. 78 83.08
1.81 82.70
1.77 83.28
1.77 82. 40
1.72 82.80
1.72 84.28
44.7
44.2
43.5
42.9
43.9
43.2
43.1
43.8
46.1
45.9
44.7
44.3
43.6
42.9
43.0
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
E ssen ti i l oils, p erfu m es, C o m p ressed a n d liq u e
osm etics
fied gases
1957: Average_____ $68. 85
1958: Average
72.73
April________
72.52
M ay...... ........... 72. 73
J u n e.. ______ 72.15
J u ly ................. 71.04
August____. .
71.81
September___
73.12
October_____
75. o:
November___
74.64
December____ 75.05
1959: January
71.63
February____
70. 87
M arch_______ 75.84
April________
75.83
38.9
39.1
39.2
39.1
39.0
38.4
38.4
39.1
39.9
39.7
39.5
37.9
37.3
39.5
39.7
$1.77
1.86
1.85
1.86
1.85
1. 85
1.87
1. 87
1.88
1.88
1.90
1. 89
1.90
1.92
1.91
$95.91
100.02
98. 23
98. 71
100. 74
98. 57
101.09
100. 60
100. 86
103. 91
102. 51
104.08
104.83
104. 50
103.41
41.7
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.8
40.9
41.6
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.5
41.8
41.6
41.8
41.2
$2.34 $104. 65
2. 46 110.27
2. 44 107.45
2. 44 108.12
2. 45 109.06
2.45 109. 47
2.48 113.21
2. 50 114.90
2.48 111.10
2.49 110. 70
2. 51 115. 45
2. 50 110.30
2.53 114. 68
2. 53 114. 54
2. 52 111.79
Vegetable and animal
oils and fats 3
Fertilizers
$1.84 $71.83
1.92 74.03
1.93 73. 52
1.91 78. 41
1. 94 72. 51
1.93 73. 44
1. 92 72. 92
1.92 75. 54
1. 93 75.23
1.97 75.29
1.95 75.66
1.96 76. 64
1.96 76.64
1.96 75.16
1.98 81.87
$96.17
100.86
98.33
99. 31
100.21
100. 21
104.16
105. 00
102.18
102.09
105. 67
101. 50
104. 74
104.74
103.07
$2.30
2.41
2.39
2. 30
2.41
2. 41
2. 43
2. 43
2. 46
2.48
2. 47
2. 49
2.52
2.50
2.51
S o a p a n d glycerin
41.2
41.3
40.7
40.8
41.0
41.0
42.4
42.4
41.3
41.0
42.6
40.7
41.7
41.5
40.8
44.7
44.6
44.0
42.9
43.4
42.7
42.7
43.4
47.9
47.0
45.2
44.9
44.4
43.4
43.3
1957: Average
1958: Average.
April___
M ay___
June_________
July...................
August______
September___
October.. ._
November___
December____
1959: January_____
February____
March.
April...........
$106.52
106.04
95.67
99. 48
103.63
106. 59
113.96
113. 40
113. 24
115. 75
121.40
117. 55
118.98
122.96
122.98
40.5
38.7
36.1
37.4
38.1
38.9
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.9
42.3
41.1
41.6
42.4
42.7
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Rubber footwear
$2.63 $73.47
2.74 76.62
2. 65 75.46
2. 66 75.85
2.72 77.20
2. 74 75. 25
2.80 77.18
2. 80 76.62
2. 81 77. 03
2.83 77. 22
2.87 78. 01
2.86 78.20
2. 86 80. 59
2.90 79.79
2.88 79. 58
39.5
39.7
39.3
39.3
40.0
39.4
40.2
39.7
39.9
39.6
39.8
39.9
40.7
40.3
40.6
41.0
40.9
40.2
40.7
42.1
41.7
41.3
41.2
40.7
41.1
41.5
40.8
40.8
41.2
42.2
$2.18 $37.33
2.28 90.80
2.23 87.42
2. 25 89.76
2.27 93. 91
2. 30 93 63
2.29 91.88
2. 30 92.29
2. 31 91.58
2. 33 92. 43
2.34 94.62
2. 34 92. 80
2. 34 93.02
2.36 94.76
2.37 97.71
A n im a l o ils a n d fa ts
$1.60 $88.75
1.73 89.82
1.76 88.17
1.80 86. 43
1. 85 89.24
1.88 88.27
1.84 88.71
1. 74 90. 82
3.66 89. 87
1. 64 93. 93
1.70 91.98
1. 73 92.02
1.74 91.16
1.78 91.15
1.80 93.50
44.6
43.6
42.8
43.0
44.4
43.7
43.7
44.3
43.0
44.1
43.8
43.2
42.4
42.2
42.5
Total: Products of
petroleum and coal
$108.39
110.97
110.97
110.16
111.93
113.16
110. 29
112. 33
110.15
112. 46
111.35
113. 70
114. 86
118.24
117.91
40.9
40.5
40.5
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.4
40.7
40.2
40.6
40.2
40.9
40.3
41.2
40.8
Petroleum refining
$2.66 $112.88
2.74 114.90
2.74 115.59
2. 72 113.65
2.73 115. 75
2. 76 117. 26
2. 73 113. 08
2. 76 116.00
2. 74 113.48
2.77 116. 28
2. 77 114.86
2.78 117. 55
2.85 119. 77
2.87 121.18
2.89 122.29
40.9
40.6
40.7
40.3
40.9
41.0
40.1
40.7
40.1
40.8
40.3
41.1
40.6
40.8
40.9
$2. 76
2.83
2.84
2. 82
2. 83
2. 86
2.82
2.85
2. 83
2. 85
2. 85
2.86
2. 95
2.97
2.99
$1.99 $84.03
2.06 87.02
2.06 86.22
2. 01 86.40
2.01 87.45
2.02 85. 54
2. 03 86. 98
2. 05 86.98
2.09 87. 64
2.13 89.10
2.10 89.06
2.13 88.62
2.15 89.42
2.16 90.98
2.2C 90. 58
$2.13
2.22
2.18
2.20
2.22
2.24
2.23
2.24
2. 25
2.26
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.30
2.31
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.9
39.9
40.2
40.5
40.3
40.1
40.1
40.8
40.8
$2.08
2.17
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.16
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.20
2.21
2. 21
2.23
2.23
2.22
Rubber products
Coke, other petroleum Total: Rubber prod
and coal products
ucts
$96.00
97.28
94.96
98.23
98.71
99. 46
100.85
101. 02
98. 98
99. 60
99. 60
101.71
99.04
108.46
103.79
41.2
40.2
39.9
41.1
41.3
41.1
41.5
40.9
40.4
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.3
42.7
40.7
$2.33
2.42
3. 33
2. 39
2.39
2. 42
2. 43
2. 47
2. 45
2.49
2. 49
2.53
2.52
2. 54
2. 55
$91. 53
92.59
85.88
87. 86
91.10
91.89
96.80
97. 51
97. 27
98.09
102.66
100.28
101. 09
103.74
100.91
40.5
39.4
37.5
38.2
39.1
39.1
40.5
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.9
41.1
41.6
42.0
41.7
$2.26
2.35
2.29
2.30
2.33
2.35
2.39
2. 39
2. 39
2.41
2.45
2. 44
2.43
2.47
2.42
Leather and leather products
Other rubber products Total: Leather and Leather: tanned, cur
leather products
ried, and finished
$1.86 $82.62
1.93 84. 59
1.92 79.87
1. 93 80.29
1.93 83. 77
1.91 82.92
1.92 86.24
1.93 89. 21
1.83 88. 78
1.95 88. 54
1.96 92.60
1.96 91. 27
1.98 91.96
1.98 93.02
1.96 89.62
41.0
40.9
40.1
40.8
42.3
41.8
41.2
41.2
40.7
40.9
41.5
40.7
40.8
41.2
42.3
Miscellaneous chemi
cals 3
Products of petroleum and coal
Rubber products—Continued
Tires and inner tubes
$2.54 $89.38
2.67 93.25
2. 64 89. 65
2. 65 91. 58
2.66 95. 57
2. 67 95.91
2.67 94. 58
2. 71 94.76
2.69 94.02
2.70 95. 76
2.71 97.11
2.71 95.47
2. 75 95.47
2.76 97.23
2.74 100.01
Vegetable oils
$1.76 $71.52
1.86 77.16
1.88 77.44
1.89 77. 22
1.92 80.29
1.95 80.28
1.93 78. 57
1.87 75.52
1.81 79. 51
1.81 77.08
1.85 76.84
1.88 77.68
1.89 77.26
1.93 77.25
1.96 77.94
Paints, pigments, and P a in ts , va rn ishes, lac
fillers 3
quers, a n d en a m e ls
40.7
39.9
38.4
38.6
39.7
39.3
40.3
41.3
41.1
40.8
41.9
41.3
41.8
41.9
41.3
$2.03 $17.60
2.12 57.78
2.08 53.54
2. 08 55. 42
2.11 57.46
2.11 57.97
2.14 58.19
2.16 57. 99
2.16 68.46
2.17 59.63
2.21 61.22
2.21 62. 56
2.20 62.08
2.22 60.80
2.17 59. 57
37.4
36.8
34.1
35.3
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.7
37.0
37.5
38.5
39.1
38.8
38.0
37.0
$1.54 $76. 64
1.57 78.39
1.57 74.65
1.57 75. 82
1. 57 78.98
1.55 76.40
1.56 78.19
1. 58 79. 79
1. 58 79. 58
1.59 81.19
1.59 83.03
1.60 81.39
1.60 80. 58
1.60 80.77
1.61 81.58
39.3
39.0
37.7
38.1
39.1
38.2
38.9
39.5
39.2
39.8
40.5
39.7
39.5
39.4
39.6
Industrial leather
belting and packing
$1.95 $77. 27
2.01 76.62
1.98 69.19
1.99 70. 87
2.02 73.73
2.00 74.31
2. 01 76. 82
2.02 78.21
2.03 80. 54
2.04 80.16
2.05 79. 65
2. 05 78. 69
2.04 76. 76
2.05 82.99
2.06 82.56
41.1
39.7
37.0
37.3
38.2
38.5
39.6
39.5
41.3
40.9
41.7
41.2
40.4
43.0
43.0
$ 1 .8 8
1.93
1.87
1.90
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.98
1.95
1. 96
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.93
1.92
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
833
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation and
public utilities
Nondurable goods—Continued
Transportation
Year and month
Leather and leather products—Continued
Boot and shoe cut
Footwear (except
Handbags and small Gloves and miscella
Luggage
stock and findings
rubber)
leather goods
neous leather goods
1957: Average_____ $55. 42
37.7 $1.47 $55.13
37.0 $1.49 $62. 43
38.3 $1.63 $53. 68
37.8 $1.42 $19. 59
36.2 $1.37
1958: Average_____
56.02
37.1
1. 51 54. 87
36.1
1.52 63.46
38.0
1.67 55. 54
38.3
1.45 50. 40
36.0
1.40
April________
34.8
1.52 49.68
52.90
32.9
1.51 62.33
1.68 52. 49
37.1
36.2
1.45 50. 34
35.7
1.41
M ay________
54. 96
36.4
1.51 51.94
34.4
1.51 63. 25
38. 1
1.66 52. 13
36. 2
1.44 49. 98
35.7
1. 40
June_________ 57.15
38.1
1.50 54.36
36.0
1.51 63.91
38.5
1.66 53.36
36.8
1.45 50. 04
36.0
1.39
July............... .
56. 85
37.9
1.50 55. 80
37.2
1.50 66.08
39. 1
1.69 53. 42
37.1
1. 44 50.26
35.9
1. 40
August______
55.35
36.9
1.50 55. 57
36.8
1.51 66. 07
1.66 55. 30
39.8
38.4
1. 44 50.40
36.0
1.40
September___
54. 45
36.3
1.50 54. 93
35.9
1. 53 66. 57
40.1
1.66 54.96
37.9
1. 45 49. 62
35.7
1.39
October______ 55.05
1.50 55.08
36.7
36.0
1.53 65.01
39.4
1.65 58. 58
40 4
1.45 50.87
36 6
1.39
November___
57.22
37.4
1. 53 56. 21
36.5
1. 54 66.19
39.4
1.68 59. 42
40.7
1.46 51.01
36.7
1.39
December____ 59. 04
39.1
1.51 58. 67
38.1
1.54 66.08
39.1
1.69 56. 30
39.1
1.44 51. 71
37.2
1. 41
1959: January_____
58. 98
38.8
1. 52 60. 76
39.2
1. 55 63. 58
37.4
1. 70 56.02
38.9
1.44 51.89
36.8
1.41
February____ 58.52
38.5
1.52 60. 37
38.7
1. 56 63.92
37.6
1.70 58. 25
39.9
1.46 51.10
36.5
1.40
March_______ 56.47
37.4
1.51 58.81
37.7
1.56 64.18
38.2
1.68 56. 26
38.8
1.45 51.85
37.3
1.39
April________
56. 24
1.52 56. 63
37.0
36.3
1.56 65.02
38.7
1.68 54.96
37.9
1.45 51. 57
37.1
1.39
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Class I railroads 1
$94. 24
101. 50
98. 95
100. 12
101.19
103. 28
100. 94
103. 39
103. 52
104. 19
107. 35
105. 66
109. 39
105. 00
41.7
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.3
42.5
41.2
42.2
42.6
40. 7
42.6
41.6
42.4
41.5
$2. 26
2.44
2. 39
2. 43
2.45
2. 43
2. 45
2. 45
2. 43
2.56
2. 52
2. 54
2. 58
2.53
Transportation—Con.
1957: Average_____
1958: Average_____
A pril...
M ay_________
June_________
July-------------August______
September___
October_____
N o v e m b e r ....
December____
1959: January
February____
March_____
April________
Communication
Other public utilities
Local railways and
Sw itchb o a rd o p era t
L in e con struction
Total: Gas and elec
Telephone
Telegraph 8
buslines
ing em p lo yees 8
em p lo yee s i
tric utilities
43.2 $2.05 $76.05
$38. 56
39 0 $1.95 $52. 70
37.1 $1.69 $102.48
42.7 $2.40 $87. 36
41.8 $2.09 $95. 30
40.9 $2. 33
2.12 78. 72
42.7
38.4
90. 52
2. 05 64. 24
1. 76 105. 00
36.5
2. 53 90.06
41.5
41.5
2. 17 100. 37
40.8
2.46
42.7
2.11 76. 53
37.7
90.10
2.03 61.42
1.74 101.84
35.3
40.9
2.49 87. 35
41.4
2.11 99. 55
40.8
2.44
2. 04 63. 01
2.10 77. 11
43.0
37.8
90. 30
1.77 101. 75
35.6
40. 7
2. 50 89. 04
42.0
2. 12 98. 42
40.5
2. 43
2.12 78.31
38.2
2.05 63.35
91.16
43.0
36.2
1.75 104.90
2. 54 91.34
41.3
41.9
2.18 100.12
40.7
2.46
42.9
91 38
2.13 79.31
38.5
2.06 63. 88
1.75 107. 01
36.5
2. 56 91. 76
41.8
41.9
2. 19 100. 12
40.7
2. 46
38.6
42.9
2.12 79. 90
90.95
1.76 106. 91
2.07 64. 77
36.8
41.6
2. 57 91.78
42.1
2.18 101.02
40.9
2. 47
90.74
42.4
2.14 81.12
39.0
2.08 66.20
37.4
1. 77 108.10
41.9
2.58 93. 63
41.8
2.24 101.84
40.9
2. 49
42.5
2. 13 81 51
39.0
2.09 67.30
90. 53
37.6
1. 79 107.84
41.8
2. 58 93.41
41.7
2.24 102.66
40.9
2.51
2.14 82. 97
42.6
91.16
2.09 69.38
39.7
39.2
1. 77 109.30
42.2
2.59 92. 51
41.3
2. 24 103. 57
41.1
2 52
2.16 81.06
42.9
92. 66
38.6
2.10 64. 79
36.4
1.78 109. 72
42.2
2. 60 93.18
41.6
2. 24 103. 57
41.1
2.52
2.17 80.81
42.6
38.3
2.11 63.90
92. 44
35.9
1.78 107. 38
41.3
2.60 93.98
41.4
2. 27 103. 32
41.0
2. 52
2.18 82. 47
38.9
92. 65
42.5
2.12 66. 96
37.2
1.80 109. 52
41.8
2. 62 93.98
41.4
2. 27 103. 89
40.9
2. 54
38.4
2.18 81.79
92.87
42.6
2.13 65.88
36.4
1.81 108.88
41.4
2.63 93.98
41.4
2. 27 104. 04
40.8
2. 55
42.9
2.19 81. 96
93.95
38.3
2.14 65. 70
36.3
1.81 110.12
41.4
2.66 94.21
41.5
2.27 103. 53
40.6
2. 55
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Wholesale and retail trade
Other public utilities—Continued
Electric light and
power utilities
1957: Average______ $97.06
1958: Average_____ 101 43
April________ 100. 45
M ay_________ 99. 72
June_________ 101. 68
July-------------- 101. 68
August______ 102. 59
September___ 102. 66
October______ 103.22
November___ 103. 73
December____ 103.89
1959:7January_____ 103. 63
February____ 104. 70
March_______ 104. 86
April________ 104. 86
41.3
40.9
41.0
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.8
41.0
40.9
40.8
40.9
40.8
40.8
Department stores
and general mail
order houses
1957: Average______ $50. 26
1958: Average______ 52.60
A pril.......... .
51.50
M ay________
52.15
June_________ 53.61
July................... 53.91
August______
53.25
52. 65
September___
October______ 52.50
November___
51.41
December____ 55.13
1959: January_____
54.01
52. 70
February____
March__ ____
53.15
53. 55
April________
34.9
35.3
34.8
35.0
35.5
35.7
35.5
35.1
35.0
34.5
37.5
35.3
34.9
35.2
35.0
S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Gas utilities
$2.35 $90.13
2.48 94.83
2. 45 92.46
2.45 92.23
2.48 93.67
2.48 93.90
2. 49 94.60
2. 51 96.12
2.53 97.41
2.53 98. 71
2. 54 98.06
2.54 98.06
2. 56 97. 27
2. 57 96. 80
2. 57 95.84
40.6
40.7
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.9
41.1
41.3
41.2
41.2
40.7
40.5
40.1
$2.22
2. 33
2.30
2. 30
2. 33
2. 33
2.33
2.35
2. 37
2.39
2. 38
2.38
2. 39
2.39
2.39
Food and liquor
stores
$1.44 $65.50
1.49 67.52
1.48 66.23
1.49 66. 42
1.51 68.08
1.51 69. 56
1.50 69.38
1.50 68. 44
1.50 68.42
1.49 68.97
1.47 68.24
1.53 68.43
1.51 69.52
1.51 68.97
1.53 68.95
36.8
36.3
35.8
35.9
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.6
36.2
36.3
36.3
36.4
36.4
36.3
36.1
Retail trade
Electric light and
gas utilities combined
$97.10
103. 63
103.48
102. 97
103.63
103. 38
103. 94
105. 93
106. 49
107.01
108. 47
107. 83
108. 50
108. 92
107.86
40.8
40.8
40.9
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.0
41.4
41.0
41.1
41.1
40.7
$2.38 $84. 42
2. 54 87. 02
2.53 85.14
2.53 86. 40
2. 54 87.42
2. 54 88.26
2. 56 87.64
2. 59 88.66
2. 61 87. 85
2.61 88. 22
2.62 88.48
2.63 88. 44
2.64 88.00
2.65 89. 24
2.65 89.02
Automotive and ac
cessories dealers
$1.78 $83.22
1.86 83.22
1.85 81.72
1. 85 83. 66
1.86 84.10
1.86 84. 53
1.86 84.73
1.87 83.47
1.89 83.22
1.90 83.90
1.88 85.36
1.88 87.07
1.91 86. 04
1.90 86.72
1.91 88.64
43.8
43.8
43.7
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.9
43.7
43.8
43.7
44.0
44.2
43.9
43.8
44.1
Wholesale trade
40.2
40.1
39.6
40.0
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.3
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.2
40.0
40.2
40.1
$2.10
2.17
2.15
2. 16
2.18
2.19
2.18
2.20
2. 18
2.20
2.19
2.20
2.20
2.22
2.22
Apparel and acces
sories stores
$1.90 $49.13
1.90 50.81
1.87 50.08
1.91 50. 72
1.92 51.01
1.93 51.25
1.93 50. 89
1.91 50.86
1.90 50.91
1.92 50.76
1.94 52.98
1.97 52.40
1.96 51.41
1.98 49.88
2.01 51. 26
34.6
34.8
34.3
34.5
34.7
35.1
35.2
34.6
34.4
34.3
35.8
34.7
34.5
33.7
34.4
$1.42
1.46
1.46
1. 47
1.47
1.46
1.44
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.51
1.49
1.48
1.49
Retail trade (except
eating and drinking General merchandise
stores
places)
$62. 48
38.1 $1.64 $14 85
34.5 $1.30
64. 77
38.1
1.70 46.85
34.7
1.35
37.8
63.50
1.68 45. 83
34.2
1.34
63. 88
37.8
1.69 46.31
34.3
1.35
64.94
38.2
1.70 47.68
34.8
1.37
66.18
38.7
1. 71 48. 22
35.2
1.37
66.18
1.71 47.52
38.7
35.2
1.35
64.98
38.0
1. 71 46. 92
34.5
1.36
64. 81
37.9
1.71 46. 65
34.3
1.36
64. 47
37.7
1. 71 45.90
34.0
1.35
64.68
38.5
1.68 48.68
36.6
1.33
66. 29
1.74 48.23
38.1
34.7
1.39
65. 95
37.9
1.74 47.13
34.4
1.37
65. 95
37.9
1.74 47.40
34.6
1.37
66.33
37.9
1. 75 47.47
34.4
1.38
Other retail trade
Furniture and appli Lumber and hard
ance stores
ware supply stores
$71.23
41.9 $1.70 $74 69
42.2 $1.77
72.31
41.8
1.73 77.04
42.1
1.83
68. 97
1.65 75.30
41.8
41.6
1.81
70. 98
42.0
1.69 77.83
42.3
1.84
72.07
41.9
1. 72 77.35
42.5
1.82
72. 41
1.72 77.96
42.1
42.6
1.83
41.8
73. 57
1.76 78.94
42.9
1.84
72.98
41.7
1.75 79.18
42.8
1.85
73.81
41.7
1.77 79.24
42.6
1.86
74.05
41.6
1.78 77.70
42.0
1.85
76.38
42.2
1.81 76. 49
41.8
1.83
73. 75
41.2
1.79 76.78
41.5
1.85
72.92
41.2
1.77 76. 41
41.3
1.85
72. 51
41.2
1.76 78.12
42.0
1.86
73.93
41.3
1.79 79. 29
42.4
1.87
834
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
wkly.
wkly.
wkly.
earnings earnings earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
hrly.
earnings earnings
Finance, insurance, and
real estate »
Year and month
Banks
and
trust
com
panies
1957: Average......
1958: Average.........
April______
May....... ......
June_______
July..............
August_____
September__
October. __
November__
December___
1959: January____
February___
March_____
April.. - ..
$64. 21
65.88
65.60
65. 72
65. 56
65. 93
65. 80
65. 98
66. 24
66. 54
66. 48
60. 71
66. 97
67. 37
67.15
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
Service and miscellaneous
Security
dealers
and ex
changes
Insur
ance
carriers
$98. 77
106. 88
98.64
103. 60
105. 42
106.21
107. 55
108. 04
115. 41
121.46
123. 49
122. 71
124. 46
124. 67
129.42
$80. 73
82. 97
82.38
82.59
82. 86
83.00
83. 49
83.19
82.97
83.45
84.36
84. 59
84. 95
85.37
85.27
Personal services
Hotels, year-round1»
Laundries
$43. 52
45. 20
44.29
44.80
45.31
45. 60
41. 91
45.09
45.65
45. 49
46. 40
45. 66
46. 28
46.12
46. 52
$1.08
1.13
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.12
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.16
1.15
1.16
1.15
1.16
40.3
40.0
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.0
40.1
39.9
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.7
39. 9
40.1
40.1
1For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of these series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
In addition, hours and earnings data for anthracite mining have been
revised from January 1953 and are not comparable with those published in
issues prior to August 1958.
For mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants
data, refer to production and related workers: for contract construction, to
construction workers; and for the remaining industries, unless otherwise
noted, to nonsupervisory workers and working supervisors.
Data for the latest month are preliminary.
2 Italicized titles which follow are components of this industry.
* Averages shown for 1956 are not strictly comparable with those for later
years.
4 Data beginning with January 1958 are not strictly comparable with those
shown for earlier years.
1Figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal com
panies) are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who
received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assist
ants (ICO Group I).
T able
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Con.
$43.27
44. 30
44. 30
44.75
45.37
45. 26
44.80
44. 80
44.92
44.23
44. 69
45.20
44.85
45. 70
46. 28
39.7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39.8
39.7
39.3
39.3
39. 4
38.8
39.2
39.3
39.0
39.4
39.9
Cleaning and dyeing plants
$1.09
1.13
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.15
1.15
1.16
1.16
$50. 57
50. 82
50. 70
52. 40
53.47
51.07
49. 48
51.34
52.80
51.86
51.32
51.98
50. 49
51.82
53. 58
38.9
38.5
38.7
39.7
39.9
38.4
37.2
38.6
39.4
38.7
38.3
38.5
37.4
38. 1
39.4
Motion
picture
produc
tion and
distri
bution
$1. 30
1.32
1.31
1.32
1.34
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.36
$99. 48
98.65
95.43
96. 26
96. 55
97.10
97. 67
100. 62
102.32
101.44
104. 29
101.29
103. 23
105.12
105. 22
* Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. In 1957, such employees made up 39 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting
hours and earnings data.
7Data relate to employees In such occupations in the telephone industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1957, such employees made
up 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establish
ments reporting hours and earnings data.
8Data relate to domestic nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
1 Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings data are not available.
10 Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for Class I railroads (see footnote 5).
C-2. Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing
industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars 1
1959
Item
Apr.*
Mar.
Annual
average
1958
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
$86. 58 $85.17
69.88 68.85
$85.39
69.03
$84.35
68.19
July
June
May
$83. 50 $83.10
67.39 67.18
$82.04
66.38
Apr.
1958
1957
M a n u fa c tu r in g
Gross average weekly earnings:
Current dollars__________ $89. 87 $89.24 $88.00
1947-49 dollars__________
72. 53 72.14 71.14
Net spendable average weekly
earnings:
Worker with no dependents:
Current dollars................
1947-49 dollars_________
Worker with 3 dependents:
Current dollars...............
1947-49 dollars. ...............
$87. 38 $88.04
70. 58 71.17
73.14
59. 03
72. 65
58.73
71.69
57.95
71.20
57. 51
72.10
58. 29
70.93
57.25
69.80
56.43
69. 97
56.56
69.14
55.89
68. 46
55. 25
68.14
55.08
67.29
54. 44
66. 30 68.46
53.68 55.43
67. 57
56.21
80. 68
65.12
80.18
64.82
79.19
64.02
78.70
63. 57
79.60
64.35
78.41
63. 28
77. 25
62. 45
77. 43
62. 59
76.58
61.91
75.88
61. 25
75. 55
61.08
74.68
60.42
73. 67 75.88
59.65 61.44
74.97
62.37
i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Net spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, Federal social security and income taxes for
which the worker is liable. The amount of tax liability depends, of course,
on the number of dependents supported by the worker as well as on the level
of his gross income. Net spendable earnings have been computed for 2 types
of Income receivers: (1) a worker with no dependents; (2) a worker with 3
dependents. The primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring
relative changes in disposable earnings for 2 types of income receivers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$80. 81 $83. 50 $82.39
65.43 67.61 68. 54
The computations of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross aver
age weekly earnings for a ll production workers in manufacturing without
direct regard to marital status, family composition, or other sources of
income.
Gross and net spendable average weekly earnings expressed In 1947-49
dollars indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings after adjust
ment for changes in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s Con
sumer Price Index.
>Preliminary.
Source : U.S. Department of Labor, B ureau of Labor Statistics.
0 — EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C-3.
835
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
May2 Apr.2 Mar.
Total....... ......... ..........................................
Mining........................................................
Contract construction.................... ......... ...
Manufacturing_____________________
Durable goods_____ _______________
Ordnance and accessories......................
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)____________________
Furniture and fixtures............... ...........
Stone, clay, and glass products.............
Primary metal industries_____ _____
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and trans
portation equipment)__________
Machinery (except electrical)_______
Electrical machinery______________
Transportation equipment_________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus
tries.......................... .......... ..........
Nondurable goods................. ..................
Food and kindred products................
Tobacco manufactures_____________
Textile-mill products______________
Apparel and other finished textile
products_____________________
Paper and allied products.....................
Printing, publishing and allied indus
tries__________ ______________
Chemicals and allied products..............
Products of petroleum and coal...........
Rubber products...... ............ ...............
Leather and leather products................
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
102.4 99.9
69.1 66.5
130.4 119.2
100.6 99.4
109.0 107.1
324.2 323.9
97.5 94.4 94.8
65.6 66.0 67.7
103.7 92.0 99.7
98.7 96.6 95.9
105.3 102.1 101.4
326.3 320.2 327.4
96.7
69.8
105.7
97.3
102.3
330.1
98.5
68.4
123.8
96.9
101.2
317.6
97.8
68.0
135.3
94.5
96.0
297.0
99.6
68.3
136.1
96.5
98.6
305.0
97.3 93.8
67.4 66.1
137.9 132.1
93.5 90.2
94.0 92.0
293.5 295.1
93.9
68.7
128.1
90.6
93.7
300.9
90.9
65.1
122.7
88.1
91.3
297.9
94.3
67.9
118. 2
92. 6
95.9
303. 0
105 6
81 4
127 3
104 1
112 9
239 4
79.9
104.0
106.9
106.7
75.3
105.0
104.1
105.1
73.6
105.7
100.3
102.3
69.3
105.4
94.5
97.4
70.9
104.2
93.6
93.9
74.5
105.3
96.4
92.4
76.3 80.0
105. 3 106.4
98.6 97.9
90.0 86.2
79.8
105.1
101.9
86.3
77.4
100.7
99.3
81.9
76.7
92.1
94.9
81.1
70.3
88.7
91.0
77.1
111.3
103.4
127.8
126.5
114.1
109.7
101.0
125.7
126.0
113.1
107.6
99.3
125.5
124.5
112.5
104.9
96.1
124.6
121.0
111.0
105.5
92.9
124.6
123.6
109.7
107.9
91.1
124.9
125.7
110.3
107.2
87.9
124.7
121.5
109.6
102. 5
85.6
116.1
99.1
107.9
107.0
86.9
120.0
108.7
106.5
101.3
83.2
113.6
103.2
102.0
98.5
90.6
80.0
67.1
74.3
96.9
90.2
77.0
65.6
73.9
95.5
90.8
76.0
68.1
73.7
93.7
90.0
75.5
73.0
72.9
91.0
89.4
76.9
76.0
71.7
94.4
91.2
82.2
82.7
73.0
99.3
91.7
86.2
82.7
73.7
100.9
92.6
91.4
92.1
72.9
98.9
94.0
98.1
95.8
71.8
93.6
92.8
97.0
84.1
70.6
88.0
88.0
89.2
68.3
67.5
101.7
111.5
102.9
110.6
105.4
110.5
105.3 100.8
109.6 109.5
101.3
110.3
100.3
111.4
100.7
112.0
101.2
112.2
101.1
110.3
94.1
105.5
92.4 91.3 96.8 102.0
106. 4 104 0 108 0 113 9
111.6
105.0
86.7
111.5
105.6
86.6
93.5
88.2
111.4
103.0
87.2
106.2
92.8
109.3
101.0
80.2
104.0
95.1
109.0
100.3
83.7
102.8
94.9
111.5
100.7
82.4
104.3
93.3
109.7
100.3
83.9
100.0
89.5
110.2
100.3
81.6
99.4
85.9
110.0
99.2
85.0
96.2
86.8
108.5
97.2
84.3
92.1
88.8
106.6
95.7
85.5
86.1
87.2
107.6
97.2
85.8
86.3
84.8
87.4
1 For comparability of data with those published In issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related
workers; for contract construction, to construction workers.
T able C-4.
73.6
91.9
95.6
80.6
97.3 98.3
84.3 86.7
109.0 110.6
105. 0 107.7
100.2 101.9
90.9
87.0
84.7
69.1
68.0
72.7 76 6
97.2 103 9
94. 7 104 fi
83. 7 1Qfi 4
94.6 101.1 11fi 9
87.5 88. 9 111 0
109.1 1Í5. 9 134 0
107 1 111. 6 139 6
101.3 105.4 117 fi
88.3
84 3
78. 7
67. i
65.3
92.7 101 2
88. 7 93 7
84. 2 86 4
77. 7 80 8
69. 2 74 7
107.3 109.0 112.4
98. 6 99. 2 106 2
84. 5 84. 2 91.1
82.7 92.0 104.8
78.3 86.0 90.8
2Preliminary.
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Activity
May2 Apr.2 Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
109.4
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958
1957
Mining.......................... ..............................
106.3
105.3
106.2 108.0
106.8 105.0
105.5
103.6
101.8
106.2
99.0
104.9
124.3
Contract construction________________
205.6
179.9
160.5
174.7 184.4
212.2
231.4
232.9
232.8
223.1
213.3
205.1
200.5
207.1
Manufacturing______________________ 169.2
167.0
165.1
160.4
158.2
158.4
152.5
155.7
150.0
144.8
144.9
140.9
148.7
162.7
1See footnote 1, table 0-3.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
Preliminary.
160.4
S ource: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
836
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time 1
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Gross
Stone, clay, and
glass products
Primary metal
industries
Fabricated
metal products
Total: Manu
facturing
Total: Durable
goods
$2.07
2.13
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.14
2 14
2.17
2.19
2.19
2. 20
2. 22
2. 23
$2.01
2.08
2.07
2. 07
2.07
2. 08
2. 07
2. 08
2. 08
2. 11
2.12
2. 13
2.13
2.15
2.16
$2.20
2. 28
2. 25
2. 26
2. 27
2.28
2. 29
2. 30
2. 29
2. 34
2. 36
2. 35
2.36
2.38
2.39
$2.14
2. 23
2.21
2.21
2. 22
2.23
2. 23
2.24
2. 23
2.26
2.28
2. 29
2.29
2.31
2.31
Ordnance and
accessories
$2, 34
2.48
2. 46
2. 46
2. 48
2. 48
2. 48
2. 50
2. 50
2.51
2. 54
2. 53
2.52
2. 52
2.53
$2. 28
2.42
2. 40
2. 41
2. 43
2. 42
2. 42
2. 43
2. 44
2. 44
2.48
2. 47
2. 47
2.46
2.47
Lumber and
wood products
(except furni
ture)
$1.81
1.89
1.84
1.88
1.88
1. 89
1.91
1.94
1.95
1.93
1.92
1.89
1.88
1.91
1.94
$1. 75
1.82
1.79
1.82
1.81
1.83
1.83
1.86
1. 87
1.85
1.86
1.83
1.81
1.84
1.86
Furniture and
fixtures
$1.75
1. 78
1. 77
1.77
1. 78
1.77
1.78
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.81
1.81
$1.70
1. 73
1.74
1. 74
1. 74
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1. 73
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.75
1. 76
$2. 05
2.12
2.09
2. 09
2.10
2.11
2.13
2.16
2.11
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.17
2. 20
2.21
$1.98
2.04
2.03
2. 02
2. 03
2. 04
2. 05
2. 07
2. 03
2. 06
2.08
2. 09
2.10
2. 12
2.12
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except electrical)
1957: Average_____
1958: Average..........
April_______
M ay________
June________
July.................
August______
September__
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February____
March__ _
A p ril3____
Ex
cluding
over
time 1
Durable goods
Year and month
1957: A verage..----1958: Average-------April_______
M ay________
June________
J u ly ................
August_____
September—
October-------November—
December___
1959: J a n u a r y . . .
February____
March__
A p ril3____
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
$2.30
2. 38
2. 36
2.37
2.38
2. 38
2.38
2. 39
2. 39
2. 43
2. 44
2. 44
2. 40
2.48
2.49
$2.23
2.33
2.32
2. 33
2. 33
2.33
2.33
2. 34
2. 34
2.36
2. 37
2. 38
2. 39
2. 40
2.40
Electrical
machinery
$2.07
2.15
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.14
2. 16
2. 15
2.19
2.20
2. 20
2.21
2. 21
2. 21
$2.02
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.10
2.10
2. 10
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.16
Transportation
equipment
$2.41
2.53
2.47
2. 49
2.50
2. 53
2. 55
2. 55
2.55
2.63
2.66
2.62
2.62
2.63
2.63
$2.35
2. 47
2. 44
2. 45
2. 46
2. 48
2. 48
2. 49
2. 48
2. 53
2.54
2. 55
2. 55
2. 55
2. 55
$2. 44
2.61
2. 54
2. 55
2. 57
2. 64
2. 65
2. 67
2.68
2. 69
2.68
2. 70
2. 71
2. 73
2.74
2. 27
2. 24
2. 25
2.27
2. 28
2. 29
2. 29
2. 28
2. 32
2.33
2. 32
2. 33
2.35
2.35
$2.11
2. 21
2.20
2. 21
2. 21
2. 22
2.22
2 22
2.21
2. 24
2.26
2. 26
2.27
2.28
2.28
N ondurable goods
Instruments
and related
products
$2.11
2.19
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2. 21
2. 22
2.21
2. 23
2.24
2.24
2. 25
2. 26
2. 26
$2. 50
2. 65
2. 58
2. 58
2.61
2.68
2. 70
2 73
2. 74
2.75
2. 75
2. 77
2.79
2. 82
2.83
OO
T able C-5.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
$2.06
2.15
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
2. 20
2.21
2.20
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
$1.81
1.85
1.85
1. 84
1.85
1. 84
1.84
1.85
1.85
1. 86
1.88
1.89
1.88
1.89
1. 90
$1. 76
1. 80
1.81
1.81
1.80
1. 80
1.80
1. 79
1.79
1. 81
1.82
1.84
1.83
1.84
1. 84
Total Nondurable goods
$1.88
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.93
1.95
1. 95
1.96
1.97
1. 98
1.98
2.00
2. 00
$1.83
1.89
1. 89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92
1. 93
1.93
Food and kindred products
$1.93
2.01
2.01
2. 01
2.01
1.99
1.97
1.99
2.00
2. 04
2. 06
2. 09
2.09
2.10
2.10
$1.86
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.94
1. 92
1.89
1.91
1. 93
1.96
1.98
2.02
2. 02
2.03
2. 03
Tobacco manufactures
$1. 52
1. 60
1.65
1.66
1.67
1 66
1.59
1.50
1.52
1.60
1.65
1.64
1.65
1.69
1. 72
$1.50
1. 57
1.62
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.55
1. 48
1.50
1.58
1.62
1.62
1.63
1. 67
1.70
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1957: Average __
1958' Average
A p ril..______
M ay________
J une________
July________
August______
September__
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February____
M a rc h ____
A p ril3___. . .
$1.50
1. 51
1.50
1. 50
1. 51
1.50
1.51
1. 51
1. 52
1. 52
1.52
1. 53
1.53
1. 57
1. 57
$1.46
1.47
1.47
1. 47
1.47
1. 47
1. 46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.48
1. 51
1.52
Apparel and
other finished
textile products
$1.49
1.51
1.50
1. 50
1.50
1. 50
1.52
1.53
1. 53
1. 52
1.52
1.53
1. 53
1.53
1. 52
$1.47
1.49
1.48
1. 48
1. 48
1. 48
1.49
1. 50
1. 50
1.49
1.49
1. 51
1. 50
1.50
1.49
Paper and
allied products
$2.04
2.12
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.18
$1.94
2. 02
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.03
2. 03
2.04
2. 05
2. 06
2.06
2.06
2.07
Printing, pub- Chemicals and
lishing, and al- allied products
lied industries 4
$2.50
2. 59
2.55
2.58
2. 59
2. 59
2.60
2.62
2. 63
2.62
2.65
2.63
2. 65
2.68
2.67
1For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
>Derived by assuming that the overtime hours shown in table C-6 are paid
for at the rate of time and one-half.
* Preliminary.
* Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, are not available separately
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.22
2. 31
2. 27
2. 29
2.31
2. 33
2.34
2. 34
2. 34
2. 35
2. 36
2. 36
2.37
2.37
2.36
$2.16
2. 26
2.22
2.24
2.26
2.28
2. 28
2.28
2. 27
2. 29
2. 30
2. 30
2. 30
2.30
2.29
Products of
petroleum and
coal
$2. 65
2 74
2. 74
2. 72
2. 73
2. 76
2. 73
2. 76
2. 74
2. 77
2. 77
2. 78
2. 85
2. 87
2.89
$2. 59
2. 69
2. 69
2. 67
2.68
2. 70
2. 67
2. 70
2. 69
2. 72
2.72
2. 73
2.81
2.80
2.82
Rubber products
Leather and
leather products
$2 26
2. 35
2. 29
2. 30
2.33
2. 35
2. 39
2.39
2. 39
2. 41
2. 45
2. 44
2. 43
2.47
2.42
$1 54
1 57
1. 57
1. 57
1 57
1 55
1. 56
1.58
1. 58
1. 59
1.59
1. 60
1. 60
1. 60
1.61
$2 18
2 28
2. 25
2 25
2. 26
2.28
2. 30
2 31
2 31
2. 33
2. 34
2. 35
2. 33
2. 35
2.32
$1 52
1 55
1. 56
1 55
1 55
1 53
1 54
1.56
1 55
1.56
1.56
1 56
1 57
1. 57
1.58
for the printing, publishing, and allied Industries group, as graduated over
time rates are found to an extent likely to make average overtime pay signif
icantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the industry in the
nondurable-goods total has little effect.
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C-6.
837
Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Total manufac
turing
Total: Durable
goods
39.8
39.2
38.3
38.7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.8
39.9
40.2
39.9
40.0
40.2
40.3
2.4
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6
40.3
39.5
38.8
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40.2
40.1
40.3
40.8
40.4
40.3
40.8
40.9
2.4
1.9
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
Ordnance and
accessories
40.8
40.9
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
41.2
41.1
41.9
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.8
2.0
2.0
Lumber and
wood products
(except furn
iture)
39.8
39.9
38.8
39.6
40.5
39.3
40.7
41.3
41.1
40.2
40.3
39.6
39.5
40.7
40.8
2.8
2.9
2.2
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.0
3 .3
3.4
Furniture and
fixtures
Over
time 3
40.0
39.5
38.0
37.8
38.8
38.9
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.8
41.2
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.1
2.3
2.1
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.0
3.0
2.7
3.1
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.3
Stone, clay, and Primary metal
glass products
industries
40.5
40.0
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.4
40.2
40.4
41.0
41.3
3.1
2.8
2.2
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3 .3
3 .3
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.6
Durable goods—Continued
1957: A v e r a g e ....—
1958: Average_____
April_______
M ay........... .
June................
July.............
A u g u st... . . .
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February____
March______
A p ril3. . . - .
Gross
Gross
Over
time
Durable goods
Year and month
1957: Average.........1958: Average_____
April_______
M a y .. _____
June-----------July.................
August______
September__
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February____
March_____
A p ril3______
Gross
Machinery
(except elec
trical)
Electrical
machinery
41.0
39.6
39.3
39. 4
39.6
39.4
39.4
40.0
39.5
39.9
40.6
40.7
40.3
41.3
41.4
40.1
39.6
39.0
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.4
39.9
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.3
40.2
2.6
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.7
2.8
1.9
1.5
.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
Transportation
equipment
40.4
39.8
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.6
40.0
40.6
41.7
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.0
2.4
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
2.1
2.0
2.5
3.3
3.8
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.0
1.3
1.0
.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
38.9
40.0
38.9
39.4
40.0
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.8
40.8
41.2
40.5
40.4
40.8
41.1
2.8
2.1
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.7
Nondurable goods
Instruments
and related
products
40.3
39.9
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.7
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.7
40.9
40.7
40. 5
40.5
40.7
39.5
38.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.5
39.1
38.9
39.3
39.8
40.0
40.4
40.9
41.2
Fabricated
metal products
2.0
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
39.9
39.6
39.0
39.1
39.5
39.2
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.0
40.2
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
Total: N on
durable goods
39.1
38.8
37.7
38.1
38.7
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.5
2.4
2.2
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.5
Food and kin
dred products
40.5
40.7
39.7
40.2
40.7
41.2
41.4
41.6
40.9
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.0
40.2
40.2
3.1
3.0
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
Tobacco manu
factures
38.6
39.1
38.0
38.7
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.1
39.6
39.2
40.1
38.8
38.5
38.1
37.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.9
.9
.7
.9
.9
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1957: Average........ .
1958: Average-........
April...............
M ay________
June-----------July..................
A ugust______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
February........
March______
A p ril3______
38.9
38.6
36.6
37.3
38.4
38.6
39.2
39.7
40.1
40 3
40.2
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.4
2.2
2.1
1.4
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.0
Apparel and
Printing, pub
other finished Paper and allied lishing, and al
textile products
products
lied industries
36.0
35.4
34.5
34.8
35.0
35.6
36.4
36.1
36.0
35.8
36.1
36.0
36.7
36.5
36.6
1.1
1.1
.8
.8
.8
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
42.3
41.9
41.0
41.0
41.8
41.9
42.5
42.7
42.7
42.5
42.4
42.4
42.4
42.7
42.7
4.3
3.9
3.2
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.4
38.5
37.8
37.7
37.6
37.6
37.6
37.9
38.0
37.9
37.9
38.4
38.0
37.9
38.3
38.1
1For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
3 Covers premium overtime hours of production and related workers during
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Overtime hours are
those for which premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the
number of hour* of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3.0
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.7
Chemicals and
allied products
41.2
40.9
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.4
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.6
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.7
Products of
petroleum and
coal
40.9
40.5
40.5
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.4
40.7
40.2
40.6
40.2
40.9
40.3
41.2
40.8
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.3
1.9
1.8
Rubber prod
ucts
40.5
39.4
37.5
38.2
39.1
39.1
40.5
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.9
41.1
41.6
42.0
41.7
2.8
2.3
1.2
1.5
2.4
2.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.8
3.2
3.7
4.0
3.4
Leather and
leather prod
ucts
37.4
36.8
34.1
35 3
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.7
37.0
37.5
38.5
39.1
38.8
38.0
37.0
1.3
1.1
.6
.8
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.1
and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of
premiums were paid are excluded. These data are not available prior to 1956.
• Preliminary.
S o u r c e : U . S . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
838
D .— Consumer and W holesale Prices
T able D - l.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: All items and major groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month
All items
Food
Housing
Apparel
Transporta
tion
Medical care Personal care Beading and
recreation
Other goods
and services
Average.......................
Average.......................
Average.......................
Average............... .......
Average.......................
Average.......................
Average___________
Average................. .
Average.......................
Average.......................
Average.......................
Average---- ---------
95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113.5
114.4
114.8
114.5
116.2
120.2
123.5
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
112.6
110.9
111.7
115.4
120.3
95.0
101.7
103.3
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
119.1
120.0
121.7
125.6
127.7
97.1
103.5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
104.3
103.7
105.5
106.9
107.0
90.6
100.9
108.5
111.3
118.4
126.2
129.7
128.0
126.4
128.7
136.0
140.5
94.9
100.9
104.1
106.0
111. 1
117.2
121.3
125.2
128.0
132.6
138.0
144.6
97.6
101.3
101.1
101.1
110.5
111.8
112.8
113.4
115.3
120.0
124.4
128.8
95.5
100.4
104.1
103.4
106.5
107.0
108.0
107.0
106.6
108.1
112.2
116.7
96.1
100.5
103.4
105.2
109.7
115.4
118.2
120.1
120.2
122.0
125.5
127.2
1955: January......................
February__________
March........................
April-------- -----------M ay......................... .
June______________
July..............................
August—........ ............
September..................
October.......................
November_________
December_________
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.2
114.2
114.4
114.7
114.6
114.9
114.9
115.0
114.7
110.6
110.8
110.8
111.2
111.1
111.3
112.1
111.2
111.6
110.8
109.8
109.5
119.6
119.6
119.6
119.5
119.4
119. 7
119.9
120.0
120.4
120.8
120.9
120.8
103.3
103.4
103.2
103.1
103.3
103.2
103.2
103.4
104.6
104.6
104.7
104.7
127.6
127.4
127.3
125.3
125.5
125.8
125.4
125.4
125.3
126.6
128.5
127.3
126.5
126.8
127.0
127.3
127.5
127.6
127.9
128.0
128.2
128.7
129.8
130.2
113.7
113.5
113.5
113.7
113.9
114.7
115.5
115.8
116.6
117.0
117.5
117.9
106.9
106.4
106.6
106.6
106.5
106.2
106.3
106.3
106.7
106.7
106.8
106.8
119.9
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.9
119.9
120.3
120.4
120.6
120.6
120.6
120.6
1956: January......................
February....................
March____________
April_______ _____
M ay______________
June............................
J u ly ............ ...............
A ugust..____ ______
September_________
October___________
November_________
December_________
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.9
115.4
116.2
117.0
116.8
117.1
117. 7
117.8
118.0
109.2
108.8
109.0
109.6
111.0
113.2
114.8
113.1
113.1
113.1
112.9
112.9
120.6
120.7
120.7
120.8
120.9
121.4
121.8
122.2
122. 5
122.8
123.0
123.5
104.1
104.6
104.8
104.8
104.8
104.8
105.3
105.5
106.5
106.8
107.0
107.0
126.8
126.9
126.7
126.4
127.1
126.8
127.7
128.5
128.6
132.6
133.2
133.1
130.7
130.9
131.4
131.6
131.9
132.0
132.7
133.3
134.0
134.1
134.5
134.7
118.5
118.9
119.2
119.5
119.6
119.9
120.1
120.3
120.5
120.8
121.4
121.8
107.3
107.5
107.7
108.2
108.2
107.6
107.7
107.9
108.4
108. 5
109.0
109.3
120.8
120.9
121.2
121.4
121.5
121.8
122.2
122.1
122.7
123.0
123.2
123.3
1957: January.......................
February....................
March__ __________
April______________
M ay.............................
Ju n e............................
J u ly ............................
August—__________
September_________
October____ _______
November..................
December_________
118.2
118.7
118.9
119.3
119.6
120.2
120.8
121.0
121.1
121.1
121.6
121.6
112.8
113.6
113.2
113.8
114.6
116.2
117.4
117.9
117.0
116.4
116.0
116.1
123.8
124.5
124.9
125.2
125.3
125.5
125.5
125.7
126.3
126.6
126.8
127.0
106.4
106.1
106.8
106.5
106.5
106.6
106.5
106.6
107.3
107.7
107.9
107.6
133.6
134.4
135.1
135.5
135. 3
135.3
135.8
135.9
135.9
135. 8
140.0
138.9
135.3
135.5
136.4
136.9
137.3
137.9
138.4
138.6
139.0
139.7
140.3
140.8
122.1
122.6
122.9
123.3
123.4
124.2
124.7
124.9
125.1
126.2
126.7
127.0
109.9
110.0
110.5
111.8
111. 4
112.4
112.6
113.3
113.4
114.4
114.6
123.8
124.0
124.2
124.2
124.3
124.6
126.6
126.7
126.7
126.8
126.8
126.8
1958: January.......................
February— ...............
March____________
April...... ......................
M ay...................... .
June______________
July— .......................
A ugust........................
September..................
October___________
N o v e m b e r ...............
December _____
122.3
122.5
123.3
123.5
123.6
123.7
123.9
123.7
123.7
123.7
123.9
123. 7
118.2
118.7
120.8
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
120.7
120.3
119.7
119.4
118.7
127.1
127.3
127.5
127.7
127.8
127.8
127.7
127.9
127.9
127.9
128.0
128.2
106.9
106.8
106.8
106.7
106.7
106.7
106.7
106.6
107.1
107.3
107.7
107.5
138.7
138.5
138.7
138.3
138.7
138.9
140.3
141.0
141.3
142.7
144.5
144.3
141.7
141.9
142.3
142.7
143.7
144.2
145.0
145.3
146.5
147.1
147.4
147.6
127.8
128.0
128.3
128.5
128.5
128.6
128.9
128.9
128.7
128.8
129.1
129.0
116.6
116.6
117.0
117.0
116.6
116.7
116.6
116.7
116.6
116.6
117.0
116.9
127.0
127.0
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.1
127.1
127.2
127.3
127.3
1959: January.. ...... .........
February....................
March.........................
April______________
M ay______________
123.8
123.7
123.7
123.9
124.0
119.0
118.2
117.7
117.6
128.2
128. 5
128.7
128.7
128.8
106.7
106.7
107.0
107.0
107.3
144.1
144.3
144.9
145.3
145.4
148.0
149.0
149.2
149.6
150.2
129.4
129.8
129.7
130.0
130.7
117.0
117.1
117.3
117.7
117.8
127.3
127.4
127. 3
128.2
128.4
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
1958:
117.7
i The Consumer Price Index measures the average change in prices of goods
and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker families.
Data for 46 large, medium-size, and small cities are combined for the United
States average.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
111.8
N ote : For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1964).
S ource : U.8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D -2 .
839
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Food, housing, apparel, transpor
tation, and their subgroups
[1947-49=100]
A nnual
a v era g e
1958
1959
G rou p
M ay
A pr.
M ar.
Feb.
Jan.
D ec.
N ov.
O ct.
S ep t.
A ug.
J u ly
F o o d 3__________________________ ____________
F o o d a t h o m e ________________ - .............. C ereals a n d b a k e r y p r o d u c ts _____
M e a ts , p o u ltr y , an d fis h ___________
D a ir y p r o d u c ts _____________________
F r u its a n d v e g e t a b l e s ......................... ..
O th er food s a t h o m e 3 _____________
117.7
115.2
134.5
111.6
112.6
125.6
102.8
117.6
115.3
134.1
111.5
112.9
123.6
104.7
117.7
115.5
134.1
111.3
113.8
120.7
107.3
118.2
116.1
133.8
118.7
116.8
134.0
113.0
114.3
119.4
117.6
134.0
113.5
114.5
119.7
118.0
133.9
114.6
114.5
120.1 121.1 121.0
112.6 113.2
110.7
120.3
118.7
133.5
115.8
114.1
120.7
115.2
120.7
119.2
132.9
117.7
113.0
124.9
121.7
120.5
132.9
119.2
112.4
131.9
108.1
119.0
117.1
133.9
113.8
114.1
121.7
109.9
H o u s in g 4____________________________________
R e n t _____ . . ................................................. ..
G as a n d e le c t r ic it y ______________________
S o lid fu e ls a n d fu el o i l . __________ _____
H o u s e f u m is h in g s _______________________
H o u s e h o ld o p e r a tio n ........................................
128.8
139.3
118.7
135.3
103.7
133.8
128.7
139.3
118.2
138.7
103.8
133.8
128.7
139.1
118.5
140.3
103.8
133.7
128.5
139.0
118.5
140.0
103.8
133.1
128.2
138.8
118.2
138.9
103.2
133.1
128.2
138.7
118.2
137.0
103.6
132.8
128.0
138.4
118.1
135.8
103.5
132.6
127.9
138.3
118.1
135.6
103.4
132.4
A p p a r e l______________________________________
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’____ _____ _____________
W o m e n ’s a n d gir ls’___________________
F o o tw e a r ............................................... .................
O th er ap p a r el
.............. ............ — ............
107.3
108.2
9 9 .0
133.5
92.1
107.0
108.0
98 .9
132.4
9 1 .9
107.0
107.8
9 9 .0
132.0
9 1 .8
106.7
107.8
9 8 .8
131.3
9 1 .7
106.7
108.0
9 8 .7
130.8
9 1 .7
107.5
108.4
107.7
108.5
107.3
107.9
T r a n s p o r ta tio n ...... .................................................... _
P r i v a t e . . _________________________ _____
P u b lic .......................................................................
145.4
134.5
192.7
145.3
134.4
192.6
144.9
134.0
192.0
144.3
133.3
191.8
144.1
133.1
191.8
112.6
114.0
121.2
D-3.
M ay
121.6 121.6
1958
1957
115.4
113.8
130.5
105.2
111.8
112.8 111.8
120.4
132.9
118.3
111.7
134.3
110.9
137.4
111.5
120.3
118.8
133.1
115.1
113.5
127.1
112.4
127.9
138.2
118.0
135.2
103.6
132. 2
127.9
138.1
117.5
133.6
103.3
132.1
127.7
137.8
117.0
132.3
104.0
131.2
127.8
137.7
116.9
131.7
104.1
131.1
127.8
137.5
116.5
131.6
104.0
130.9
127.7
137.7
117.0
134.9
103.9
131.4
125.6
135.2
113.0
137.4
104.6
127.5
100.2 100.6 100.2
130.4
9 2 .3
130.3
9 2 .3
130.1
9 1 .8
107.1
108.3
99 .6
130.1
92 .0
106.6
108.3
9 8 .5
130.0
9 1 .9
106.7
108.5
9 8 .6
129.7
9 2 .0
106.7
108.8
9 8 .5
129.8
9 1 .9
106.7
108.9
98 .4
129.7
92 .1
107.0
108.6
99.1
129.8
9 2 .0
106.9
109.0
9 9 .2
127.9
9 2 .1
144.3
133.3
191.8
144.5
133.6
191.1
142.7
131.8
190.4
141.3
130.4
189.8
141.0
130.1
189.5
140.3
129.3
189.5
138.9
128.0
187.7
138.7
128.0
186.1
140.5
129.7
188.0
136.0
125.8
178.8
120.5
132.8
116.6
111.8
118.6
112.9
4 In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
* Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous items.
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
* In addition to subgroups shown here, total food Includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
• Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other miscellaneous foods.
T able
June
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Special groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month
All items
less food
All items
less shelter
All com
modities
All com
modities
less food
Din-able
commodi
ties 3
Nondura
ble com
modities
less food 3
All services
All
services 4 less rent •
95.1
101.9
103.0
104.2
110.8
113.5
115.7
116.4
116.7
118.8
122.8
125.5
95.6
103.1
101.3
102.0
110.5
112.7
113.1
113.0
112.4
114.0
117.8
121.2
96.3
103.2
100.6
101.2
110.3
111.7
111.3
110.2
109.0
110.1
113.6
116.3
95.7
102.9
101. 5
101.3
108.9
109.8
110.0
108.6
107.5
108.9
112.3
113.4
94.9
101.8
103.3
104.4
112.4
113.8
112.6
108.3
105.1
105.1
108.8
110.5
95.7
103.1
101.1
100.9
108.5
109.1
110.1
110.6
110.6
113.0
116.1
116.9
94.5
100.4
105.1
108.5
114.1
119.3
124.2
127.5
129.8
132.6
137.7
142.4
94.7
100.1
105.2
108.1
114.6
120.1
124.6
127.7
130.1
133.0
138.6
143.8
.............
125.1
125.2
125.4
125.6
125.8
126.0
126.5
126.5
121.3
121.4
121.6
121.4
121.5
121.5
121.7
121.5
116.6
116.6
116.8
116.4
116.4
116.4
116.6
116.3
112.9
112.9
113.1
113.2
113.5
113.9
114.5
114.4
109.7
109.6
109.8
109.9
110.3
111.2
112.8
112.9
116.5
116.7
116.9
116.9
117.2
117.2
117.1
117.0
142.3
142.3
142.6
143.0
143.0
143.1
143.4
143.5
143.8
143.8
144.1
144.4
144.4
144.5
144.8
145.0
1959: January.._____________________________________
February______________________________________
March
April
M ay__________________________________________
126.4
126.7
126.9
127.1
127.3
121.5
121.4
121.4
121.5
121.6
116.2
116.0
115.9
115.9
115.9
114.0
114.2
114.4
114.5
114.5
112.4
112.2
112.5
112.6
112.7
116.7
117.1
117.4
117.5
117.5
143.9
144.2
144.4
144.8
145.2
145.4
145.7
145.9
146.4
146.9
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
Average. ____________ _____ __________ _______
A v e ra g e ____ ____________________ ____________
Average. _____________________________________
Average ________ ______________________ ____
Average_______ ______ __________________ ______
Average. _____________________________________
Average __________________________________ . .
Average_______________ ________ _____ ________
Average_______________________________________
Average __ __________________________________
Average_______________________________________
1Q5R- A verage
1958: M ay.....................................................................................
June__________ _________________ ____________
July_____________________ ___ _____ _____ ______
Anjriist
September____________________________________
October_______________________________________
N ovem ber
D ecem ber
1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
3 Includes household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor coverings,
dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable toys, sport
ing goods, and from 1953 forward, water heaters, kitchen sinks, sink faucets,
and porch flooring.
* Includes solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefumishings, household paper,
electric light bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel (except shoe re
pairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet goods, nondurable
toys, newspapers, cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, and from 1953 forward,
house paint and paint brush.
* Includes rent, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto insurance,
511024— 59----- 8
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services, group hospitalization, barber and beauty shop services,
television repairs, motion picture admissions, and from 1953 forward, home
purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage interest, property insurance, repainting
garage, repainting rooms, reshingling roof, and refinishing floors.
5 Formerly all services less shelter for 1963 and later years; for definition of
services, see footnote 4.
N ote : Indexes from 1953 forward have been revised to reflect the distribu
tion of shelter items, formerly Included in “all services and shelter’’ now en
titled “all services," among the appropriate commodity and service classi
fications.
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
840
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able D -4.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods
Commodity
Cereals and bakery products: U n it
Flour, wheat....................... —5 lb ..
Biscuit mix *-------------------20 oz—
Corn meal— ............................. lb ..
Rice............. ...............................-lb —
Rolled o a ts ------ ------------- 18 o z „
Com flakes------------- ------- 12 oz—
Bread----- -------------------------- lb —
Soda crackers 4. . . .....................lb ..
Vanilla cookies------ -----------7 oz—
Meats, poultry, and fish:
M p.ata
_________________
Beef and veal__ - ____________
Round steak____ _______ lb ..
Chuck roast------- ------- ..lb .
Rib r o a st_____________ lb ..
Hamburger____________ lb ..
Veal cutlets-------------------lb ..
Pork
_________________
Pork chops, center cut— lb ..
Bacon, sliced___________ lb ..
Ham, whole____________lb_.
Lamb, leg________________lb —
Other meats:
Frankfurters4----------------lb ..
Luncheon m ea t4-12-oz can..
Poultry, frvine chickens_____ ..
Ready-to-cook____________lb ..
Fish
___________________
Fish, fresh or frozen---------------Ocean perch fillet, frozen.._lb_
Haddock, fillet, frozen____ lb ..
Salmon, pin k_____ 16-oz. can..
Tuna fish,chunk 4
6-6>$-oz. can ..
Dairy products:
M ilt fresh, grocery____________
Homogenized, with vitam in D
a d d e d _________________fit—
Milk fresh, delivered__ ________
Homogenized, with vitamin D
added________________ fit—
Ice cream 4----------- ------------- P t..
Butter----------------- ------------- lb —
Cheese, American process---- lb ..
M ilk evaporated...14^-oz. ca n ..
All fruits and vegetables:
Proven fruits and vegetables 4___
Strawberries4---------------10 oz_.
Orange juice concentrate 4.6 oz_.
Peas, green 4.................... .10 oz_.
Beans, green 4 __________ 9 oz._
Prrsh fruits and vegetables_____
Appies......................................lb ..
Bananas--------------------------lb ..
Oranges..... ........................... doz._
Lemons 8________________ lb ..
Grapefruit * 10.....................each..
Peaches 9 12---------------------- lb ..
Strawberries 914--------------- p t—
Grapes, seedless912________lb —
Watermelons 218__________lb —
Potatoes_______________10 lb ..
Sweet potatoes___________ lb ..
O nions......... ............... ...........lb ..
Carrots.....................................lb ..
Lettuce________ ____ ...h e a d ..
Celery 10_________________ lb —
Cabbage.................................. lb —
Tomatoes 4. _____________ lb ..
Beans, green_____________ lb ..
Canned fruits and vegetables___
Orange juice 4_____ 46-oz. can..
Peaches____________ #2y i can ..
Pineapple____________#2 can..
Fruit cocktail4_____ #803 can ..
Corn, cream style___ #303 ca n ..
Peas, green_________ #303 can..
T o m a to e s .._______#303 can..
Baby foods 4 _______ 4>-6-5 oz__
Dried fruits and vegetables. ___
Prunes _________________ lb ..
Dried beans _______ . . . lb ..
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Aver
age
price,2
M ay
1959
1959
1958
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
D ec.8 N ov.
113.8
96.1
115.2
98.3
138.4
151. 3
148.0
113.6
126.7
113.8
96.0
115.1
98.2
138.4
151.1
147.6
113. 8
126.1
113.8
95.9
115.1
98.1
138.4
151.1
147.4
113.9
126.4
113. 8
95.8
115.1
98.1
138.4
151.1
146.8
113.4
126.3
114.0
96.0
114.9
98.2
138.2
151.1
147.0
113.7
126.2
113.9
96.0
115.2
98.1
138.4
151. 0
147.1
113.8
126.3
117.7
124.2
130.4
118.4
124.6
113.6
153.9
103. 3
117.5
94.1
95.9
111.0
117.3
123.6
130.5
116.8
124.3
113.1
152.3
102.6
115.4
93.6
96.5
109.2
116.7
123.5
129.8
117.6
123.2
113.5
151.3
101.4
112.2
92.3
97.4
107.1
118.3
124.0
129.8
118.0
123.5
114.5
153.3
104.4
116.5
95.0
99.3
107.4
120 2
123. 0
129.3
116.0
123.8
114.3
149.7
108 7
121.9
98.6
103.3
109.6
105.4
106.1
70.8
106.5
106.4
71.7
106.7
107.1
73.2
107.2
107.6
73.1
Annual
average
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
1958
1957
113.6
95.9
116.1
97.7
138.4
150.9
147.2
113.8
126.6
113.4
95.9
116.6
97.7
138.3
150. 5
147.1
113.8
126.6
113.6
95.9
116.6
98.0
138.0
150.2
146.1
114.0
126.6
114.0
95.7
116.3
98.1
138.0
150.0
144.6
113.6
126.5
114.6
95.8
115.7
97.6
138.0
149.7
144.5
113.8
126.5
114.9
95.8
115.6
97.5
138.0
149.7
144.4
113.6
126.5
115.4
96.0
155. 5
96.8
137.9
149.4
144.0
113.7
126.7
114.4
95.9
115.6
97.1
137.9
149.4
145.0
113.7
126.9
113.4
95.8
113.3
93.5
134.9
136.1
141.0
112.4
127.3
119 9
121 0
127.0
114.4
121.8
112.5
146.9
109.4
122.5
99. 6
103.6
112.3
120.0
120.5
126.9
113.1
121.6
112.0
146.2
110. 2
124.8
101.2
101.6
112.6
121.4
120. 2
126.4
112.9
121.3
111.7
146.0
113 7
126.9
107.9
102.0
112.4
122 5
119 5
125.4
112.6
122.2
110.8
145.9
116 8
128.6
113.7
102.8
111.9
124 3
119.8
125.8
113.0
122.4
110.9
145.1
120 3
13Ö. Ï
118.2
106.7
111.6
125 4
122 3
128.5
117.4
124.3
112.6
144. 7
120 7
132.2
116.5
107.1
113.1
124. 2
122. 6
128.8
118.2
124.5
112.3
145.3
118.3
131.8
112.4
106.1
112.6
122 0
121 7
128.4
116.9
124.6
110.9
144.3
ns n
125.4
110.4
104.7
111.8
126.3
114.1
122. 4
108.8
143.9
113.7
95.0
111.0
86.6
127.9
126.2
108.7
104.2
112.3
119.1
101.5
97.4
103.5
107.9
109.5
72.1
108.4
110.2
69.0
107.9
109.7
71.7
108.4
108.7
71. 6
108.7
106.7
74 1
110.1
105.1
77.6
109.6
104.2
81.5
108.6
103.4
81.9
106.5
101.6
81.7
106.3
103.6
77.5
93.1
93.1
78.4
C en ts
54.9
26.9
13.0
18.6
20.4
25.6
19.7
29.2
24.5
107.7
65.7
83.1
55.3
143.0
85.5
68.8
62.7
76.5
64.2
51.3
42.1
119.7
125.0
120.8
126.8
120.5
126.3
120.9
126.9
121. 0
126.3
119 9
123.9
119.6
123.1
47.5
59.2
61.2
119.0
122.0
118. 2
121.1
117.8
120.1
117.6
119.9
117.1
119.4
117 6
120.4
117 0
120.0
107.6
127.3
127.2
126.7
126.8
127.8
128.6
128.4
129.0
129.8
131.7
131.5
131.3
131.3
130.4
130.1
33.4
95.9
96.5
96.6
96.7
97.5
97.9
98.2
98.0
96.6
96.2
95.9
95.3
95.2
96.1
93.3
118.6
119.1
120.7
120.9
120 8
121.3
121.7
121. 2
120.7
119.1
118.2
117.0
117.1
119.8
117.6
122.4
122.8
124.3
124.6
125.1
125.7
126.1
126.0
125. 4
123.9
122.6
121.6
121.7
124.4
122.1
98.3
93.8
109.3
111.5
98.5
94.1
109.3
111.6
98.5
94.1
109.3
111.6
98.3
94.3
109.5
111.5
97.9
94.5
109.6
111.4
98.2
94.1
109.3
111.3
98.3
94.2
109.2
111.1
98.4
94.6
109.3
111.3
98.4
94.4
109.1
111.2
98.4
93.0
109.2
111.1
98.0
93.0
109.4
111.2
98.3
93.0
109.5
111.1
98.3
93.1
109.5
110.9
98.3
93.9
109.5
111.0
97.4
94.0
109.3
107.2
112.6
80.2
134.5
101.8
103.8
127.2
135.8
105.4
141.1
99.2
122.2
(»)
85.8
(9)
(»)
118.8
126.6
167.5
111.0
101.8
90.4
132.0
122.3
132.2
117.5
156.4
116.1
116.8
107.5
115.5
98.1
107.9
103.5
125.4
165.4
91.3
113.4
81.3
135.1
102.6
104.4
124.1
131.1
101.1
134.3
101.3
117.3
(9)
99.8
(9)
(9)
105.0
125.4
199.2
111.4
108.5
84.7
129.8
115.0
140.6
116.9
153.0
116.2
116.7
107.6
114.6
98.8
107.7
103.5
125.2
165.0
91.2
113.6
81.2
135.9
102.4
104.4
119.7
122.0
104.8
132.2
101.8
115.1
(9)
(9)
(«)
(9)
99.5
126.5
185.1
112.9
116.8
88.9
136.3
114.2
127.3
116.4
151.3
115.5
116.4
107.4
113.3
98.5
108.8
103.3
124.7
164.2
91.0
114.6
81.6
138.3
102.1
104.7
120.6
116.6
106.0
132.7
103.1
117.0
(“)
119 1
82.2
149.1
102.7
105.0
121.1
113.3
106.9
139.2
105.1
122.7
122. 4
82.3
157.5
102.4
105.3
11
109.3
110.8
151.6
101.8
125. 4
(9)
<9)
(9)
(»)
97.5
118.5
111.1
111.0
126.6
103.1
112.0
109.0
105.3
115 0
147.4
112.0
114.7
105.7
109.0
99.9
110.8
103.1
123. 2
157.6
92.7
122. 6
81.9
157.9
102.2
105.7
120 3
103.2
114.2
179.2
100.5
138.0
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
95.3
114.0
107.4
108.4
114.2
98.6
99.5
99.8
104.3
114. 6
146.6
111.4
114.1
104.7
108.1
100.1
111.2
102.9
121 9
151.9
94.1
122 2
81.1
157.5
101.9
105.6
120 5
108.2
113.3
189.5
99.3
(9)
(»)
(8)
94.9
(“)
93.3
111.5
105. 5
110.1
126.8
90.2
101.8
76.4
104. 2
114.1
144.3
110.2
113.1
103.5
100.8
100.2
113.3
102.9
121. 5
144.5
97.9
122 4
81.3
157.7
101.3
106.6
120 5
127. Î
106.1
189.3
97.6
(“)
92.6
(»)
79.9
191 8
81.9
156.8
100.6
106.4
121 0
82.0
155.2
100.2
106.3
130 Ä
(5)
103. 2
173.8
97.1
(9)
104.1
(9)
110.9
69.6
127.4
165.2
119.9
118.0
111.6
116.4
111.0
94.2
94.3
111 5
125.5
108.0
112.3
101.2
104.1
99.6
123.7
102.5
119 6
137.5
99.3
119 8
82.4
152.2
99.8
106.4
144 0
193.3
104.2
165.4
98.9
(»)
(9)
76.7
(9)
101.6
128.7
159.5
123.0
113.9
106.4
127.1
126.3
101.7
93.9
110 6
121.1
107.6
112.1
100.9
103.7
99.5
124.2
102.2
118 f)
137.0
97.9
110 9
82.6
143.2
99.5
106. 6
81.9
147.3
100.7
105. 5
82.1
99.4
100.9
99.2
8128. 6
107.4
165.0
100.4
»128. 6
» 95. 4
15 86. 0
18 93. 6
» 75. 4
118.3
140.8
117.7
115.7
121.1
110.7
129.8
114.2
110.5
»140.8
107. 7
126.2
103.0
»111.3
»109.9
» 80. 7
» 90.6
18 87. 5
107.9
131.0
111.9
117.1
121.9
104.1
125.9
105.1
117.7
126.8
109.2
112.4
101.9
105.1
100.1
115.3
102.4
118 9,
140.6
95.3
113.2
110.4
110.2
100.3
102.2
102.1
103.4
102.6
23.6
24.8
29.7
74.1
58.1
15.2
25.7
24.7
19.8
22.7
15.4
17.0
65.2
18.4
12.3
(»)
29.8
o
(•)
63.1
14.2
14.2
14.1
14.6
13.1
9.1
34.4
28.0
49.0
36.3
36.1
27.9
19.5
20.7
15.7
10.1
40.0
17.3
m
m
m
102.6
125.0
137.9
113.7
136.4
94.9
143.3
114.7
146.3
116.0
150.6
114.8
116.0
106.9
111.8
98.6
108.9
103.3
124.0
162.6
90.7
m
m
m
m
102.3
123.7
126. 6
116.2
116.4
103.8
148.9
125.6
141.1
115. 6
149.0
113.8
115. 5
106.5
110.1
99.4
110.1
103.2
123.5
161.0
91.0
m
98.7
122.7
106.4
114.8
110.9
96.5
101.3
65.2
90.9
113.2
139.8
109.2
112.9
102.3
105.6
100.1
115.0
102.9
121.4
138.6
101.3
(5)
118.3
174.2
96.6
(»)
89.5
(9)
88.5
54.9
111.7
166.6
111.2
119.7
103.2
97.3
101.3
69.3
80.2
112 4
132.8
108.2
112.4
101.4
104.8
100.2
119.8
102.8
120 4
137.8
100.3
157.7
103.8
160.9
102.9
149.3
(9)
95.2
(9)
(9)
144.1
158.4
132.9
108.4
145.8
147.0
152.3
157.8
125.0
100 f)
117.5
107.9
111.8
100.8
104.0
99.4
121.0
101.7
117 3
137.2
95.9
140.3
85.2
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D -4.
841
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods—Continued
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Average
price, 2
M ay
1959
Commodity
Other foods at home:
Partially prepared foods:
U n it
Soup, tom ato4____11-oz. can..
Beans with pork 4___16-oz. c a n ..
Condiments and sauces:
Pickles, sliced 4________ 15 o z ~
Catsup, tomato 4____ _ 1 4 o z .
Beverages________________ ____
Coffee_______ ______________
Tea bags 4. .......... package of 16..
Cola drink 4_____carton, 36 o z ..
Fats and oils____
. . ______
Shortening, hydrogenated
3-lb. can..
Margarine, colored_______ lb_.
Lard........ ..............................._lb—
Salad dressing.......................p t ..
Peanut butter 4.....................lb ..
Sugar and sweets_______________
Sugar..................................5 lb s..
Corn syrup 4___________24 o z..
Grape jelly 4___________ 12 o z ..
Chocolate bar4_________ 1 o z..
Eggs, grade A, large........... .d o z ..
Miscellaneous foods:
Gelatin, flavored4.......... 3-4 o z ..
1959
1958
Annual
average
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
D ec.3 N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
1958
1957
12.5
15.1
100.3
106.9
100.5
106.7
100.0
106.9
99.7
106.8
99.5
106.8
99.2
106.9
99.1
107.1
99.3
107.3
99.3
106.7
99.9
106.6
100.5
106.5
100.3
106.4
100.4
106.7
99.8
106.5
99.0
103.9
26.5
22.6
99.5
99.7
161.5
137.6
125.2
130.2
81.8
99.7
99.9
164.4
141.7
124.9
130.1
82.3
99.5
99.7
165.4
143.6
125.0
128.9
82.8
99.6
99.7
165.0
145.0
125.0
125.1
83.7
100.2
99.4
168. 9
150.2
125.0
125.4
84.9
99.8
99.3
171.4
153.9
124.9
125.2
85.4
99.5
98.8
173.8
157.8
124.4
124.4
85.4
99.5
98.7
174.1
158.4
124.7
123.8
85.5
99.6
97.9
174. 7
159.2
124.5
123.8
85.6
99.9
97.2
178.2
164.4
124.4
123.1
85.8
99.8
96.9
179 9
167.3
124.5
121.9
85. 8
99.9
96.4
180 9
168.9
124.3
121.7
85.9
100.0
96.1
181 2
169.9
124,2
120.7
86.2
100.0
97.5
179 1
166.2
124.3
122.2
85.8
100.0
99.2
83.6
73.1
74.0
100.8
113.9
119.9
28.2
5.1
45.0
117.8
112.6
117.7
113.9
64.5
84.4
73.5
75.3
100.9
114.0
120.1
118.1
112.7
118.1
114.0
68.9
84.9
74.4
76.3
100.8
114.0
120.2
118.5
112.6
117.4
114.2
77.5
85.6
75.7
78.6
100.6
114.4
120.1
118.4
112.5
117.4
114.2
80.0
87.8
76.0
81.7
100.6
114.6
120.1
118.4
112.2
117.4
114.1
83.3
88.4
76.2
83.4
100.9
115.4
120.0
118.4
112.1
116.6
114.3
84.4
82.2
76.0
84.3
100.8
115.7
120.0
118.3
111.9
116.4
114.2
89.9
88.1
76.1
84.7
100.8
115.7
120.0
118.4
111.5
116.8
114.4
91.4
88.2
76.3
85.2
100.7
115.9
119.9
118.3
111.3
116.4
114.3
98.5
89.2
76.2
84.4
100.9
115.4
119.8
118.4
110.9
116.3
114.2
87.2
89.9
76.5
83.3
100.7
113.7
119.6
118.1
110.7
116.2
114.2
82.5
89.9
77.3
83.1
100.8
112.5
119.2
117.6
110.5
115.9
113.8
78.9
90.9
77.7
82.7
101.0
111.5
118.4
116.2
110.2
115.7
113.2
81.1
89.7
77.0
83.4
100.8
113.2
117.9
117.2
110.2
116.1
110.3
86.5
9.3
107.8
107.4
107.3
106.9
106.4
105.7
104.7
104.3
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.6
104.3
104.4
( 19)
24.2
29.4
88.0
27.8
20.1
37.8
55.8
56.6
26.4
I See footnote 1 and Note, table D-l.
s Based on prices in the 46 cities used in compiling the Consumer Price
Index. Average prices for each of the 20 large cities listed in table D-5 are
available upon request.
* Prices collected 1 week earlier than the usual week containing the 15th.
4December 1952=100.
•Not available.
* 10 months’ average.
111 months’ average.
« May 1953=100.
9 Priced only in season.
10January 1953=100.
II 7 months’ average.
T able D -5.
187.4
122.9
118.1
86.8
93.1
78.5
83.8
99.2
109.8
112.8
114.6
108.0
114.5
100.4
82.2
103.0
12July 1953=100.
133 months’ average.
i‘ April 1953=100.
]! 2 months’ average,
i* 4 months’ average.
1? 5 months’ average,
is June 1953=100.
i* Price of 1-lb. can, 77.2 cents. Price of 1-lb. bag, 57.9 cents (priced only in
chain stores and large supermarkets).
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Consumer Price Index *•—All items indexes, by city
[1947-49=1001
1959
City
United States city average
Atlanta, Ga......... ....................
Baltimore, M d .......................
Boston, M ass_____________
___________
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio__________
Cleveland, Ohio__________*
Detroit, M ich....... ..............
Houston, Tex_____________
Kansas City, M o_________
Los Angeles, Calif_________
Minneapolis, M in n ...............
N ew York, N .Y ......................
Philadelphia, Pa__________
Pittsburgh, Pa____________
Portland, Oreg........................
St. Louis, M o_____________
San Francisco, Calif_______
Scranton, Pa______________
Seattle, Wash
________
Washington, D .C _________
1958
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
1958
1957
124.0
123.9
123.7
123.7
123.8
123.7
123.9
123.7
123.7
123.7
123.9
123.7
123.6
123.5
m a
124.3
126.4
(3)
127.2
122.2
(3)
(3)
121.4
121.0
121.2
123.3
119.6
123.3
123.3
123.3
123.8
124.9
124.8
(3)
127.5
122.7
(3)
124.5
124.5
124.8
127.0
122.3
(3)
( 3)
(3)
124.5
123.4
124.2
125.4
127.3
(3)
(3)
124.6
124.8
(3)
127.4
122.5
(3)
(3)
125.4
127.1
(3)
(3)
124.4
125.5
(3)
127.0
122.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
127.1
(3)
(3)
124.9
125.9
124.8
123.9
123.6
124.1
125.4
122.1
122.2
121.5
121.1
121.2
1 2 4.3
121.1
123.1
124.0
124.4
121.1
117.6
120.8
120.2
121.7
124.7
127.5
120.2
125.8
121.1
121.2
123.1
116.9
123.1
118.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
127.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
125.1
127.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
125.3
123.4
124.1
123.5
123.2
(3)
(3)
125.5
126.6
(3)
(3)
126.8
(3)
122.1
123.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.0
127.9
121.8
125.1
122.0
123.6
124.5
125.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
126.6
(3)
(3)
124.8
123.3
124.1
(3)
126.7
(3)
(3)
121.7
123.4
121.7
123.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
126.0
129.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.3
126.9
121.3
(3)
124.5
126.5
125.3
121.8
123.4
124.4
124.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
126.5
(3)
(3)
127.4
(3)
1 2 6.5
(>)
(3)
121.3
123.5
121.7
123.5
(l)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
125.7
127.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
1See footnote 1 and Note, table D-l. Indexes measure time-to-time
changes in prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and
clerical-worker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live
in one city than in another.
2 Average of 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual average
120.7
126.0
121.5
(3)
(3)
124.5
121.5
123.3
124.5
124.5
(3)
(3)
126.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
126.9
(3)
125.1
123.7
124.0
(3)
125.5
(3)
121.4
123.4
121.1
123.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
125.3
128.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.4
126.3
121.2
(3)
125.4
127.6
(3)
(3)
124.3
(3)
124.8
125.7
124.9
121.1
123.3
124.7
124.7
(3)
0
(3)
(3)
(3)
124.2
(3)
(*)
125.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
127.0
(3)
125.0
124.3
123.7
(3)
125.2
(»)
( 3)
121.0
123.0
121.1
122.9
«
(*)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
124 . 5
128.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.7
126.1
121.3
3 Indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every 3 months on a
rotating cycle for 15 other cities.
S ource: U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
842
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able D -6.
Consumer Price Index 1—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49 = 100]
Food at home
Total food*
Total food at home
City
M ay
1959
Apr.
1959
M ay
1958
M ay
1959
Apr.
1959
Cereals and bakery products
M ay
1958
M ay
1959
M ay
1958
Apr.
1959
Meats, poultry, and fish
M ay
1959
Apr.
1959
M ay
1958
United States city average 3__
117.7
117.6
121.6
115.2
115.3
120.5
134.5
134.1
132.8
111.6
111.5
116.6
Atlanta, Ga_________ ____ —
Baltimore, M d_____________
Boston, M a ss.-------- -----------Chicago, 111________________
Cincinnati, Ohio------------------
115.6
117.0
117.5
115.2
117.7
115.7
117.3
117.3
115.2
118.1
119.5
122.7
120.2
118.5
123.3
113.8
113.6
114.2
112.5
114.8
114.1
113.9
113.9
112.5
115.4
119.2
120.2
118.3
116.5
122.0
126.0
128.8
132.2
130.1
133.3
125.5
128.6
132.4
129.5
133.4
127.1
128.6
131.5
124.5
132.0
113.8
110.3
112.9
104. 6
110.6
114.5
111.8
112.7
104.8
110.6
119.5
115.7
114.1
109.5
118.3
Cleveland, Ohio_____ _____ _
Detroit, M ich______________
Houston, Tex---------------------Kansas City, M o___________
Los Angeles, Calif__________
114.1
116.9
114.6
111.5
122.9
114.3
117.2
114.7
111.6
123.1
118.6
124.0
117.2
115.2
124.0
111.6
114.3
112.2
108.6
118.2
111.8
114.7
112.7
108.7
118.7
116.9
122.5
115.8
113.7
120.6
128.9
124.6
125.5
127.4
146.2
128.9
125.2
125.7
127.2
146.1
130.0
125.7
126.6
127.6
141.6
105.7
108.0
106.9
106.3
112.1
105.6
107.6
106.7
105.3
111.1
111.7
114.3
110.7
112.7
115.5
Minneapolis, M inn_________
New York, N .Y ____________
Philadelphia, P a...................... .
Pittsburgh, P a ------------------Portland, Oreg............................
117.5
119.2
119.3
119.4
120.0
118.1
119.5
120.2
118.7
119.2
119.6
121.9
124.0
123.2
121.7
114.3
116.4
116.2
117.6
117.7
115.0
116.8
117.3
116.9
116.9
118.6
120.5
122. 2
122.2
121.0
134.6
142.5
138.2
132.6
140.4
134.5
141.6
138.7
132.9
140.4
134.5
137.7
134.5
131.3
135.7
107.6
114.4
111.8
110.9
114.7
107.6
113.8
113.8
110.6
114.4
110.6
117.0
117.1
114.6
118.2
St. Louis, M o---- -- ----------San Francisco, Calif________
Scranton, P a_______________
Seattle, W ash-— ...... ................
Washington, D .O ___________
118.7
122.3
114.8
120.7
118.5
118.7
122.2
114.4
120.2
118.5
122.3
123.5
120.5
122.8
123.4
113.9
120.0
113.9
118.8
115.8
114.0
120.1
113.7
118.4
115.8
119.1
122.4
120.6
122.6
122.2
124.7
147.0
135.9
146.8
132.1
124.5
147.2
135.9
146.7
132.2
125.8
141.0
135.2
141.9
132.2
105.8
116. 8
111.9
114.2
110.5
106.4
116.2
112.6
113.7
112.2
113.6
119.6
117.8
117.2
116.4
Food at home—Continued
City
Dairy products
M ay
1959
Apr.
1959
Fruits and vegetables
M ay
1958
M ay
1959
Apr.
1959
Other foods at home 3
M ay
1958
M ay
1959
Apr.
1959
M ay
19581
United States city average 3......... - ..................
112.6
112.9
111.8
125.6
123.6
137.4
102.8
104.7
111.5
Atlanta, Ga..... ...........- .............. .........................
Baltimore, M d___________ ______________
Boston, Mass____________ ______________
Chicago, 111 ___________________________
Cincinnati, Ohio_________________ _______
113.8
117.1
109.5
113.3
112.0
113.8
116.9
110.9
113.4
112.4
113.7
117.3
108.1
111. 1
115.9
127.7
120. 2
122.8
122. 2
125.6
125.7
116.6
117.8
121.0
124.1
138.6
134.5
136.9
131.0
137.7
97.9
101.1
99.6
107.5
104.8
99.7
103.4
101.0
108.8
108.0
105.1
111.4
106.6
116.3
114.3
Cleveland, Ohio____________ ______ ______
Detroit, M ich______________ _______ _____
Houston, Tex—______ _______ _______ _____
Kansas City, M o________________________
Los Angeles, Calif.............. ......................... .......
110.2
107.6
110.3
108.1
107.8
109.2
118.7
115.4
127.2
104.8
108.0
113.9
1 1 3 .2
1 0 7 .9
1 1 1 .1
1 1 3 .5
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .9
1 1 2 .2
1 0 1 .8
1 0 9 .0
1 3 4 .3
1 2 4 .1
1 1 5 .1
1 3 1 .1
1 3 3 .8
1 2 5 .8
1 1 5 .5
1 3 3 .7
1 5 3 .4
1 2 7 .5
1 2 4 .6
1 3 4 .5
1 0 2 .7
1 0 1 .6
9 5 .9
1 0 5 .5
1 0 4 .4
1 0 2 .4
9 7 .2
1 0 6 .6
1 1 3 .8
1 0 9 .5
1 0 5 .7
1 1 2 .1
Minneapolis, M inn______________________
New York, N .Y .____ _______ ____________
Philadelphia, P a ________________________
Pittsburgh, P a___ _______________ ______ _
Portland, Oreg__________________________
1 0 4 .7
1 1 4 .0
1 1 6 .2
1 1 4 .4
1 1 7 .2
1 0 4 .8
1 1 5 .1
1 1 6 .2
1 1 4 .5
1 1 7 .3
1 0 4 .5
1 1 2 .1
1 1 5 .5
1 1 4 .1
1 1 7 .0
1 2 9 .6
1 2 0 .9
1 2 4 .3
1 2 9 .3
1 2 3 .4
1 3 2 .2
1 2 0 .6
1 2 3 .5
1 2 1 .3
1 1 9 .2
1 3 8 .7
1 3 4 .7
1 4 1 .5
1 3 8 .9
1 2 7 .9
1 0 9 .0
1 0 2 .5
1 0 0 .8
1 1 1 .4
1 0 6 .1
1 1 0 .3
1 0 5 .1
1 0 3 .1
1 1 4 .4
1 0 6 .3
1 1 8 .1
1 1 0 .3
1 0 9 .9
1 2 1 .1
1 1 4 .6
St. Louis, M o........................................................
San Francisco, C a lif-............. ..........................
Scranton, Pa____________________ ________
Seattle, W ash... .................................................
Washington, D .O --._______ _____________
1 0 5 .7
1 1 5 .4
1 1 0 .4
1 1 7 .3
1 1 7 .5
1 0 5 .6
1 1 5 .4
1 1 0 .5
1 1 6 .0
1 1 7 .5
1 0 1 .4
1 1 3 .8
1 1 0 .5
1 1 5 .4
1 1 7 .8
1 3 3 .8
1 3 3 .4
1 2 1 .3
1 3 0 .2
1 2 3 .3
1 3 2 .1
1 3 2 .3
1 1 5 .1
1 2 8 .4
1 1 9 .2
1 4 1 .2
1 3 8 .1
1 3 7 .7
1 1 0 .2
1 0 3 .6
9 9 .0
1 0 2 .5
1 0 4 .6
1 1 1 .5
1 0 5 .3
1 0 1 .4
1 0 3 .7
1 0 5 .6
1 1 9 .1
1 1 0 .1
1 0 8 .8
1 1 0 .4
1 1 2 .4
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
* See footnote 2, table D-2.
s Average of 46 cities.
* Insufficient data.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5
(4)
1 3 8 .5
See footnotes, table D-2.
S ource : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
843
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D -7.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups 1
Textile products
and apparel
H id e s , s k in s ,
le a th e r , an d
leather products
Fuel, power, and
lighting mate
rials
Chemicals and
allied products
Rubber and rub
ber products
L u m b er and
wood products
Pulp, paper, and
allied products
Metals and meta!
products
Machinery and
motive products
F u r n itu r e and
o th e r h o u s e
hold durables
Nonmetallic min
e r a ls —s t r u c
tural
Tobacco manu
factures
and
bottled bever
ages
M isc e lla n e o u s
products
Processed foods
98.2
100.0
107.3 106.1
92.8
95.7
97.5
99.8
113.4 111.4
107.0 108.8
97.0 104.6
95.6 105.3
89.6 101.7
88.4 101.7
90.9 105.6
2 94.9 2110.9
All commodities
other than farm
and foods
96.4
1947:Average.
1948:Average_ 104.4
99.2
1949:Average„
1950: Average. 103.1
1951 ¡Average. 114.8
1952:Average_ 111.6
1953:Average_ 110.1
1954 ¡Average. 110.3
1955:Average_ 110.7
1956 ¡Average. 114.3
1957:Average_ 117.6
1958:Average. 2 119.2
Farm products
Year and
month
All commodities
[1947-49=100]
95.3
103.4
101.3
105.0
115.9
113.2
114.0
114.5
117.0
122.2
125.6
2 126.0
100.1
104.4
95.5
99.2
110.6
99.8
97.3
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
2 93.5
101.0
102.1
96.9
104.6
120.3
97.2
98.5
94.2
93.8
99.3
99.4
2 100.6
90.9
107.1
101.9
103.0
106.7
106.6
109.5
108.1
107.9
111.2
117.2
2 112.7
101.4
103.8
94.8
96.3
110.0
104.5
105.7
107.0
106.6
107.2
109.5
2 110.4
99.0
102.1
98.9
120.5
148.0
134.0
125.0
126.9
143.8
145.8
145.2
2 145.0
93.7
107.2
99.2
113.9
123.9
120.3
120.2
118.0
123.6
125.4
119.0
2 117.7
98.6
102.9
98.5
100.9
119.6
116.5
116.1
116.3
119.3
127.2
129.6
2 131.0
91.3
103.9
104.8
110.3
122.8
123.0
126.9
128.0
136.6
148.4
151.2
2 150.4
92.5
100.9
106.6
108.6
119.0
121.5
123.0
124.6
128.4
137.8
146.1
2 149.8
95.6
101.4
103.1
105.3
114.1
112.0
114.2
115.4
115.9
119.1
122.2
2 123.2
93.9
101.7
104.4
106.9
113.6
113.6
118.2
120.9
124.2
129.6
134.6
>136.0
97.2
100.5
102.3
103.5
109.4
111.8
115.7
120.6
121.6
122.3
126.1
2 128.2
100.8
103.1
96.1
96.6
104.9
108.3
97.8
102.5
92.0
91.0
89.6
>94.2
1955:
January__
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
J u ly ..........
August___
SeptemberOctober__
November.
December.
110.1
110.4
110.0
110.5
109.9
110.3
110.5
110.9
111.7
111.6
111.2
111.3
92.5
93.1
92.1
94.2
91.2
91.8
89.5
88.1
89.3
86.8
84.1
82.9
103.8
103.2
101.6
102.5
102.1
103.9
103.1
101.9
101.5
100.2
98.8
98.2
115.2
115.7
115.6
115.7
115.5
115.6
116.5
117.5
118.5
119.0
119.4
119.8
95.2
95.2
95.3
95.0
95.0
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.6
95.6
91.9
92.3
92.2
93.2
92.9
92.9
93.7
93.8
94.0
95.3
96.4
96.7
108.5
108.7
108.5
107.4
107.0
106.8
106.4
107.2
108.0
108.0
108.6
109.3
107.1
107.1
106.8
107.1
106.8
106.8
106.0
105.9
106.0
106.5
106.6
106.6
136.8
140.6
138.0
138.3
138.0
140.3
143.4
148.7
151.7
147.8
150.6
151.0
120.3
121.2
121.4
122.4
123.5
123.7
124.1
125.1
125.7
125.4
125.0
125.1
116.3
116.6
116.8
117.4
117.7
118.3
119.0
119.7
120.5
122.8
123.2
123.6
130.1
131.5
131.9
132.9
132.5
132.6
136.7
139.5
141.9
142.4
142.9
143.9
125.8
126.1
126.1
126.3
126.7
127.1
127.5
128.5
130.0
131.4
132.5
133.0
115.5
115.4
115.1
115.1
115.1
115.2
115.5
116.0
116.4
116.9
117.2
117.3
122.0
121.8
121.9
122.3
123.2
123.7
125.3
126.1
126.4
126.8
125.2
125.4
121.4
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
97.0
97.1
95.6
94.0
91.3
89.1
90.8
89.8
90.3
91.5
88.0
88.8
1956:
January__
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July_____
August___
September.
October. .
November.
December.
111.9
112.4
112.8
113.6
114.4
114.2
114.0
114.7
115.5
115.6
115.9
116.3
84.1
86.0
86.6
88.0
90.9
91.2
90.0
89.1
90.1
88.4
87.9
88.9
98.3
99.0
99.2
100.4
102.4
102.3
102.2
102.6
104.0
103.6
103.6
103.1
120.4
120.6
121.0
121.6
121.7
121.5
121.4
122.5
123.1
123.6
124.2
124.7
95.7
96.0
95.9
95.1
94.9
94.9
94.9
94.8
94.8
95.3
95.4
95.6
96.7
97.1
97.7
100.6
100.0
100. 2
100.1
100.0
100.2
99.7
99.8
99.2
111.0
111.2
110.9
110.6
110.8
110.5
110.7
110.9
111.1
111.7
111.2
114.0
106.3
106.4
106.5
106.9
106.9
107.1
107.3
107.3
107.1
107.7
108.2
108.3
148.4
147.1
146.2
145.0
143.5
142.8
143.3
146.9
145.7
145.8
146.9
147.9
126.3
126.7
128.0
128.5
128.0
127.3
126.6
125.2
123.6
122.0
121.5
121.0
124.8
125.4
126.8
127.4
127.3
127.4
127.7
127.9
127.9
128.1
127.8
128.0
145.1
145.1
146.5
147.7
146.8
145.8
144.9
150.2
151.9
152.2
152.1
152.3
133.3
133.9
134.7
135.7
136.5
136.8
136.9
137.7
139.7
141.1
143.4
143.6
118.0
118.2
118.1
118.0
118.0
118.1
118.3
119.1
119.7
121.0
121.1
121.2
127.0
127.1
127.9
128.6
128.6
128.9
130.6
130.8
131.1
131.5
131.2
131.3
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.6
121.6
121.7
122.5
122.8
123.1
123.5
123.6
89.6
88.7
88.2
92.1
96.1
92.9
91.3
91.1
89.9
89.2
91.2
91.7
1957:
January__
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July_____
August___
September.
October —
November.
December.
116.9
117.0
116.9
117.2
117.1
117.4
118.2
118.4
118.0
117.8
118.1
118.5
89.3
88.8
88.8
90.6
89.5
90.9
92.8
93.0
91.0
91.5
91.9
92.6
104.3
103.9
103.7
104.3
104.9
106.1
107.2
106.8
106.5
105.5
106.5
107.4
125.2
125. 5
125.4
125.4
125.2
125.2
125.7
126.0
126.0
125.8
125.9
126.1
95.8
95.7
95.4
95.3
95.4
95.5
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.1
95.0
94.9
98.4
98.0
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.8
100.6
100.3
100.0
100.1
100.0
99.5
116.3
119.6
119.2
119.5
118.5
117.2
116.4
116.3
116.1
115.8
115.7
116.2
108.7
108.8
108.8
109.1
109.1
109.3
109.5
109.8
110.2
110.4
110.3
110.6
145.0
143.9
144.3
144.5
144.7
145.1
144.9
146.9
146.5
146.2
144.7
145.7
121.3
120.7
120.1
120.2
119.7
119.7
119.3
118.6
117.8
117.3
116.9
116.3
128.6
128.5
128.7
128.6
128.9
128.9
129.5
129.9
130. 1
130.9
130.9
131.0
152.2
151.4
151.0
150.1
150.0
150.6
152. 4
153.2
152.2
150.8
150.4
150.5
143.9
144.5
144.8
145.0
145.1
145.2
145.8
146.2
146.9
147.7
149.2
149.4
121.9
121.9
121.9
121.5
121.6
121.7
122.2
122.4
122.3
122.6
122.7
123.5
132.0
132.7
133.2
134.6
135.0
135.1
135.2
135.3
135.2
135.3
135.4
135.7
124.0
124.1
124.1
124.5
124.5
124.7
127.7
127.7
127.7
127.7
127.8
128.0
93.2
92.4
92.0
91.4
89.4
87.3
88.8
90.1
89.4
87.7
86.8
87.2
1958:
January__
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July--------A ugust___
September.
October__
November..
December.
118.9
119.0
119.7
119.3
119.5
119.2
119. 2
119.1
119.1
119.0
119.2
119.2
93.7
96.1
100.5
97.7
98.5
95.6
95.0
93.2
93.1
92.3
92.1
90.6
109.5
109.9
110.7
111.6
112.9
113.5
112.7
111.3
111.1
110.0
109.5
108.8
126.1
125.7
125.7
125.5
125.3
125.3
125.6
126.1
126.2
126.4
126.8
127.2
94.6
94.1
94.0
93.7
93.5
93.3
93.3
93.3
93.3
93.2
93.1
93.3
99.5
99.6
99.5
99.7
99.9
100.3
100.3
100.5
100.2
101.4
102.3
103.6
116.1
113.6
112.4
111.0
110.3
110.7
111.9
113.7
114.1
113.0
112.6
112.9
110.8
110.6
110.7
111.0
110.8
110.7
110.4
110.0
109.9
110.2
110.2
110.0
145.1
144.6
144.6
144.5
143.8
144.2
144.7
144.4
145.2
146.1
146.6
146.3
116.3
115.8
115.5
115.7
115.9
116.4
116.8
118.6
120.4
120.8
120.0
119.8
130.8
130.8
130.5
130.5
130.5
130.5
131.0
131.0
131. 7
131.9
131.9
131.3
150.0
150.1
149.8
148.6
148.6
148.8
148.8
150.8
151.3
152.2
153.0
153.0
149.4
149.3
149.2
149.4
149.4
149.5
149.5
149.5
149.4
149.9
151.2
151.5
123.8
123.6
123.5
123.4
123.2
123.0
123.2
123.0
123.0
123.0
122.7
122.8
136.4
136.5
135.3
135.4
135.4
135.2
135.3
135.2
136.7
136.7
136.7
136.9
128.1
128.1
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.8
128.7
128.6
88.3
89.3
94.3
97.8
96.2
93.7
97.2
95.6
92.5
91.2
93.2
100.9
1959:
January__
February..
March____
April..........
M ay 2____
119.5
119.5
119.6
120.0
119.8
91.5
91.1
90.8
92.4
90.8
108.7
107.6
107.2
107.2
107.7
127. 5
127.8
128.1
128.3
128.3
93.3
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
104.1
105.4
108.5
117.8
118.4
113.9
114.8
115.0
3 114.0
113.4
110.2
109.9
109.8
110.0
110.0
146.0
146.1
146.7
147.5
148.7
120.5
122.5
124.2
3 126. 3
127.9
131.5
131.7
132.0
132.2
132.0
152.9
153.4
. 153.6
152.8
152.9
151.8
152.0
152.2
152.1
152.3
123.3
123.3
123.5
3 123.4
123.5
137.2
137.5
137.7
138.3
138.4
128.6
128.9
132.1
132.2
132.2
100.8
98.5
97.0
98.8
95.2
1 As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were intro
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
* Preliminary.
3 Revised
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N ote : For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S ource : D.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
844
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able D -8.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Commodity group
M ay 2 Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
1958 2
1957
119.8
120.0
119.6
119.5
119.5
119.2
119.2
119.0
119.1
119.1
119.2
119.2
119.5
119.2
117.6
Farm products_________________________
90.8
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables___ 107.0
Grains__________________ ____ ________ 78.6
Livestock and live poultry_____________ 90.5
Plant and animal fibers________________ 101.9
90.4
Fluid milk___________________________
Eggs._......................... .................................... 51.1
80.3
Flay, hayseeds, and oil seeds___________
Other farm products__________________ 133.5
92.4
114.2
79.7
91.9
101.0
8 91.9
54.5
79.5
133.5
90.8
93.6
77.7
91.1
99.5
93.5
70.5
78.4
133.8
91.1
105.9
77.0
88.4
99.1
95.5
69.3
78.0
134.8
91.5
102. 5
76.1
90.3
99.4
95.7
72.5
76.4
134.5
90.6
99.2
76.1
87.6
99.6
96.2
77.7
75.0
136.4
92.1
98.1
75.3
90. 1
100.6
96.6
86.5
74.0
137.7
92.3
101. 5
76.8
88.4
100.7
96.2
91.1
73.3
138.8
93.1
97.9
76.1
91. 5
101.1
95.8
98.6
72.2
137.3
93.2
97.2
77.3
94.0
101.8
93. 5
81. 5
75.9
139.5
95.0
106.3
79.8
96.7
101.8
92.0
76.1
76.2
139.9
95.6
102.0
81.3
98.8
101.9
90.2
74.9
79.3
141.4
98.5
122.0
84.2
99.8
101.6
90.5
75.7
79.7
1.42.0
94.9
112.0
79.5
92.9
101.5
94.6
81.7
76.9
140.4
90.9
103.6
84.1
80.2
104.0
96.0
77.2
82.0
144.6
107.7 107.2 107.2
119.5 118.9 119.0
101.4 100. 8
99.6
111.7 112.0 113.0
110.4 8110.6 111.2
114.4 112.1 112.9
145.2 8145.2 8148. 0
57.0
57.9
57.0
53.7
57.7
54.6
59.3
61.9
59.3
74.4
74.4
74.5
95.7
95.8
95.3
107.6
117.7
100.9
113.0
110.6
113.8
149.7
57.1
53. 6
59.3
75.0
97.2
108.7
117.5
103.3
113.0
110.8
115.3
154.0
57.9
53.9
59.8
76.8
96.2
108.8
117.4
101.4
113.5
113.0
117.0
157.9
60.7
54.1
63.8
76.8
96.8
109. 5
118.0
102. 5
113.4
112.9
116.3
161.2
68.2
57. 5
63.8
79.4
97.4
110.0
118.2
103. 5
113. 5
112.1
116.7
161.2
75.4
56.1
63.4
80.4
97.0
111.1
117.8
107.1
113.7
111.4
116.5
161.2
74.7
55.3
64.5
81.3
96.7
111.3
116. 9
108.2
112.2
111.8
116.0
161.2
80.4
56. 6
67.5
81.6
96.5
112.7
117.5
112.1
111.4
111. 3
116.4
165.2
74.1
57.0
67.5
82.6
97.1
113.5
118. 5
114.1
110.9
110.3
116.4
168.4
73.4
58. 8
70.0
83.2
96.9
112.9
117.9
112.8
110.6
108.2
115.5
168.4
72.7
63.9
70.9
85.2
96.9
110.9
117.9
106.7
112.7
109.7
115.6
165.7
72.0
60.1
67.9
82.8
96.6
105.6
116.9
91.9
111.7
103.9
113.4
183.1
75.6
65.7
70.1
86.1
95.5
A1J commodities________________________
Processed foods_________________________
Cereal and bakery products____________
Meats, poultry, and fish___ ___________
Dairy products and ice cream__________
Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables..
Sugar and confectionery_______________
Packaged beverage materials___________
Animal fats and oils___________________
Crude vegetable oils___________________
Refined vegetable oils ________________
Vegetable oil end products_____________
Other processed foods_________________
All commodities other than farm and foods. 128.3
128.3
128.1
127.8
127.5
127.2
126.8
126.4
126.2
126.1
125. 6
125.3
125.3
126.0
125.6
124.7
124.6
124.4
124.2
124.2
124.0
123.7
123.5
123.5
123.4
123.3
123.1
123.1
123.3
122.1
Textile products and app arel____ _______ 94.4
90.8
Cotton products______________________
Wool products________________________ 101.1
81.0
Manmade fiber textile products________
Silk products_________________________ 114.0
Apparel______________________________ 99.3
75.7
Other textile products_________________
94.1
90.3
99.5
80.6
113.6
99.3
75.7
93.9
90.2
97.8
80.1
112.1
99.3
76.1
93.7
89.6
97.7
79.8
109.3
99.3
78.0
93.3
88.7
97.4
79.3
104.7
99.3
76.7
93.3
88.6
97.5
79.4
105.1
99.3
75.9
93.1
88.0
97.9
79.3
106.0
99.2
76.6
93. 2
87.8
98.4
79.7
107.1
99.3
76.3
93.3
87.9
99.6
79.7
115.8
99.3
75.3
93.3
87.7
100.4
80.0
116.3
99.3
75.9
93 3
87.4
100.5
80.1
116. 2
99.3
74.8
93. 3
87.6
101.3
80.4
109.9
99.1
73.6
93. 5
88.3
100.5
80.3
116.1
99.1
75.4
93. 5
88.4
100. 8
80.2
113. 5
99. 3
75.2
95.4
90.7
109.5
82.0
122.1
99.6
76.4
Hides, skins, leather, and leather products.
Hides and skins............. ................ ................
Leather_________________ ____ ________
Footwear________ ______ _____________
Other leather products________________
118.4 117.8
98.6 108. 5
124.5 120.4
128.9 8128.2
112.9 8110.1
108.5
87.7
103.6
123.6
103.4
105.4
73.0
101.0
123. 3
100.8
104.1
68.7
99.3
123.2
99.2
103.6
66.6
99.2
123.1
98.2
102.3
65.1
94.7
122.9
97.4
101.4
62.0
92.8
122.8
97.2
100.2
59.0
91.3
121.9
96.7
100.5
60.4
91.5
121.8
96.8
100.3
58.1
91.5
121.8
97.1
100.3
57.0
91.8
121.8
97.3
99.9
55.4
91.1
121.8
97.3
100.6
57.5
92.3
122.1
97.5
99.4
55.2
90.2
121.1
98.0
Fuel, power, and lighting materials_______
Coal...................................................................
C ok e.. _____________ _____ _____ ____
Gas fuels 4___________ ______ _________
Electric power 4__________ ______ ______
Petroleum and products_______________
113.4 8114.0
118.9 119.3
170.4 170.4
109.9 8108.6
100.8 100.8
118.3 119.4
115.0
124.6
170.4
113.1
100.9
119.9
114.8
126.2
170.4
112.0
100.8
119.5
113 9
125.3
163.1
112.7
100.7
118.2
112.9
123.7
161.9
107.8
100.7
117.2
112.6
123.8
161.9
106.0
100.8
116.9
113.0
123.8
161.9
106.3
100. 9
117.5
114.1
122.7
161. 9
104.1
100.8
119.7
113.7
121.9
161. 9
102.0
100.8
119.2
111.9
121.1
161.9
97.9
100.1
117.1
110.7
120.3
161. 9
97.4
100.1
115.3
110.3
119.7
161.9
98.3
100.0
114.7
112.7
122.9
161.9
101.7
100.4
117.7
117.2
124.4
161.7
(«)
(«)
127.0
Chemicals and allied products..____ ______
Industrial chemicals__________________
Prepared paint_______________ _
Paint materials____________ ____ ______
Drugs and pharmaceuticals____________
Fats and oils, inedible_________ ____ _
Mixed fertilizer__
Fertilizer materials_____
Other chemicals and allied products____
110.0
123.8
128.3
101.4
93.0
60.8
108.9
107.5
106.4
110.0
123. 9
12S.3
101.4
2 92.9
60.4
109.6
107.5
106.3
109.8
123.6
128.4
101.3
92.8
60.3
110.0
107.5
106.1
109.9
123.7
128.4
101.4
93.0
58.9
109.8
107.5
106.5
110.2
124.0
128.2
102.5
93.0
59.9
110.2
107.6
106.7
110.0
123.7
128.2
102.8
93.2
61.5
109.4
105.3
106.2
110.2
123. 6
128.2
102.7
93.2
64.7
109.8
105.2
106.6
110.2
123.6
128.2
102.8
93.9
62.6
109.5
106.3
106.6
109.9
122.7
128.2
102.9
94.4
61.7
109.7
104.3
106.8
110.0
122.8
128.2
103.3
94.4
62.5
110.8
104.4
106.4
110.4
123.1
128.2
103. 4
94.4
62.5
111. 1
108.0
107.0
110.7
123. 5
128.2
103.4
94.5
61.9
111.2
110.3
107.4
110.8
123. 9
128.4
103.9
94.3
61.5
111.2
110.3
107.2
110.4
123.5
128.3
103.6
94.0
62.6
110.7
108.0
106.8
109.5
123.6
126.3
100.5
93.3
61.4
110.0
106.8
105.7
Rubber and rubber products.____________
Crude rubber............................................. .
Tires and tubes________ ____ __________
Other rubber products_________________
148.7
152.9
151.9
143.9
147.5
146.9
151.9
143.4
146.7
142.4
151.9
143.6
146.1
139.4
151.9
143.6
146.0
138.9
151. 9
143.4
146.3
137.8
152.8
143.5
146.6
142.6
152.8
142.3
146.1
140.1
152.8
142.4
145.2
135.7
152.8
141.8
144.4
134.3
152.8
140.9
144.7
133.0
152.1
142.7
144.2
129.4
152.1
143.0
143.8
127.7
152.1
143.0
145.0
134.0
152.4
142.7
145.2
141.3
150.9
140.9
Lumber and wood products
Lumber.................................. .............
M illwork..........................................
Plywood_______ ____ _________________
127.9 8126.3
128.7 8126.8
137.0 8135.4
106.6 106.6
124.2 122.5
125.5 ■123.1
130.2 130.2
104.0 103.6
120.5
121.0
130.2
99.7
119.8
120.1
130.5
99.1
120.0
120.2
130. 5
100.1
120.8
120.8
130.5
102.7
120.4
121.0
127.6
102.0
118.6
119.0
126.8
100.2
116.8
116.7
127.3
98.3
116.4
116.8
127.1
94.9
115.9
116.7
127.1
92.2
117.7
118.0
128.2
97.1
119.0
119.7
128.3
96.4
Pulp, paper, and allied products_________
Woodpulp______________________
Wastepaper___________
Paper _____________________
Paperboard______________ ______ ______
Converted paper and paperboard products___ _______ __________ . .
Building paper and board_____ ________
132.0
121.2
110.5
143.3
136.2
132. 2
121.2
115.7
143.3
136.2
132.0
121.2
115.7
142.1
136.2
131.7
121.2
107.1
142.1
136.2
131.5
121.2
101.0
142. 1
136.2
131.3
121.2
95.8
142.1
136.2
131.9
121.2
111.3
142.1
136.2
131.9
121.2
111.3
142.0
136.2
131.7
121.2
106.4
141.8
136.5
131.0
121.2
87.0
141.8
136.0
131.0
121.2
86.1
141.8
136.0
130.5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0
130.5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0
131.0
121.2
88.3
142.3
136.2
129.6
118.8
77.2
141.9
136.3
127.3
146.7
127.5
145.0
127.6
144.2
127.6
144.2
127.7
143.9
127.8
143.7
127.9
143.4
127.9
143.4
127.9
143.4
127.8
143.4
127.9
143.4
127.9
144.1
128.0
144.1
127.6
143.2
126.1
141.5
Metals and metal products_____
Iron and steel_______________
Nonferrous metals______
Metal containers______________
Hardware_________ _____ _ .
Plumbing equip m ent.......... .
Heating equipment_______
Fabricated structural metal products__
Fabricated nonstructural metal products.
See footnotes at end of table.
152.9 152.8
170.4 170.8
136.1 8134.7
152.9 152.9
173.1 173.0
130.9 129.8
121. 7 8121.7
132.9 132.9
146.0 8146.0
153.6
171.9
136.1
156.3
173.0
129.2
121.9
132.9
145.9
153.4
172.5
134.1
156.3
172.9
126.0
122.0
134.0
145.8
152.9
172.0
133.2
156.3
172.8
124.9
121.8
134.0
145.3
153.0
171.7
133.2
159.8
172.6
124.8
121.8
133.9
145.0
153.0
172.0
133.7
156.5
172.5
124.6
121.4
133.8
145.0
152.2
171.4
130.8
156.5
172.0
124.6
121.4
133.6
145.7
151.3
171.8
127.3
156.1
172.0
123.7
121.5
133.1
145.4
150.8
171.3
126.1
155.7
172.0
119.9
121.2
133.3
145.4
148.8
167.0
124.9
155.7
171.7
119.9
121.2
133.1
145.0
148.8
166.7
124.8
155.7
171.7
122. 8
121.0
133.7
145.0
148.6
166.2
123.9
155.7
170.7
122.8
120.8
134.1
145.9
150.4
168.8
127.7
155.7
170. 8
123.7
121.2
133.9
145.7
151.2
166.2
137.4
151.2
164.9
130.2
122.1
133.8
144.8
All commodities except farm products____
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T
able
D-8.
845
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities1—Continued
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Commodity group
May * Apr.
Machinery and motive products_________
Agricultural machinery and equipment...
Construction machinery and equipment.
Metalworking machinery and equipment.
General purpose machinery and equip
ment_______________________________
Miscellaneous machinery______________
Electrical machinery and equipment.......
Motor vehicles________________________
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
152.3 152.1 152.2
143.1 3143.0 143.1
171.9 3172.0 3171. 9
173.1 3172.5 172.1
152.0
143.0
171.4
171.0
151.8 151.5
142.9 142.9
170.9 170.3
170.8 170.6
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
151.2
141.8
168. 0
170 2
149.9
139.2
166.8
170.0
149.4
138.9
166.0
169.3
July
1958*
June
M ay
149.5 149.5
137.7 138. 4
165.6 165.6
169.3 169.7
149.5
138.3
165.5
169.4
149.4 149.8
138.4 139.0
165.5 166.3
169.6 170.1
146.1
133.6
160.0
167.0
160 0 159.6 160.0
147.7 147.6 148. 1
152.6 152.3 152.2
139.0 139.0 139.7
157.6
145. 2
149.0
135.4
1957
Furniture and other household durables..
Household furniture_______ _____
Commercial furniture________________
Floor covering.. _____________________
Household appliances________________
Television, radio receivers, and phono
graphs_______________ ____ _________
Other household durable goods_________
123.5 3123.4
123.6 3123.4
155.0 155.0
127.8 127.8
105.0 105.1
163.3 163.9 163.0 162.3
149.2 149.0 148.6 148.4
153.1 152.5 152.6 152.4
143.2 143.2 143.1 143.1
123.5 123.3 123.3 122.8
124.1 124.1 124.1 123. 9
155.0 155. 0 155.0 155.0
127.2 126.3 126.1 126.1
105.0 104.8 105.0 103.8
93.4
156.5
93.4
156.2
93.4
156.0
93.2
156.0
93.2
155.5
92.5
155.5
92.7
155.0
94.9
155.0
94.9
154.9
94.9
154.7
95 0 93.7
155.1 155.2
94.3
155.1
94.4
155.1
94.4
148.3
Nonmetallie minerals—structural________
Flat g la ss.........................................................
Concrete ingredients_______________ ___
Concrete products____ ________________
Structural clay products........ ........
Gypsum products............. .............................
Prepared asphalt roofing_______________
Other nonmetallie minerals____________
138.4
135.2
140.2
129.7
160.1
133.1
126.4
132.5
138.3
135.2
140.2
129.4
160.0
133.1
126.4
132.7
137.7
135.2
140.2
129.3
159.9
133.1
119. 4
132.7
137. 5
135.2
140.2
129.0
159.6
133.1
119.8
131.7
137.2
135.2
140.2
128.6
159.3
133.1
118.5
131.4
136.9
135. 2
139.2
128.4
158.8
133.1
118.5
131.4
136.7
135. 0
139.1
128.1
158.4
133.1
118.5
131.2
136. 7 136. 7
135.0 135.0
139.1 139.1
128.1 127.9
158.2 158.2
133.1 133.1
118.5 118.5
131. 2 131.2
135.2
135.3
139.1
128.1
155. 6
133.1
103.3
131.2
135.3
135. 7
139.0
128.4
155. 6
133.1
103.3
131.2
135.2
135.7
138.9
128.3
155.6
133 1
103.3
131.2
135.4
135. 7
139.0
128.2
155.6
133.1
106. 1
131.2
136.0
135.4
139.0
128.1
156. 5
132.1
112.8
131.2
134.6
135. 7
136.0
126.4
154.0
127.1
122.3
128.0
Tobacco manufactures and bottled bev
erages.......................... ................ ..................
Cigarettes....... ............................. ...................
Cigars...............................................................
Other tobacco manufactures____ _______
Alcoholic beverages______________
Nonalcoholic beverages________________
132.2
134.8
106.6
152.8
121.7
171.1
132.2
134.8
106.6
152.8
121.7
171.1
132.1
134.8
106.6
150.9
121. 7
171.1
128.9
134.8
106.6
148.3
121.7
148.9
128.6
134.8
106.6
139.7
121.7
148.9
128.6
134. 8
106.6
139. 7
121.7
148.9
128.7
134.8
106.6
139.7
121. 7
149.3
128.8 128.0
134. 8 134.8
106.6 106.6
139.7 139.7
121.7 120.1
149.3 149.3
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106. 6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.8
139. 7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134. 8
106.6
139.7
149.3
128.2
134.8
106.6
140.5
120.5
149.3
126.1
129.4
105.0
136.0
119.5
149.2
Miscellaneous products__________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, and
ammunition________________________
Manufactured animal feeds____________
Notions and accessories________________
Jewelry, watches, and photographic
equipment____ __________________
Other miscellaneous products__________
95.2
98.8
97.0
98.5
100.8 100.9
93.2
95.6
97.2
93.7
96.2
94.2
89.6
117.0
76.6
97.5
116.9
82.9
97.5
117.2
79.6
97.5
117.9
82.2
97.5
117.8 118.6 118.6
86.2 86.4 72.6
97.5 97. 5 97.5
118.6 118.6 119.3
69.0 71.4 76.8
97. 5 97.5 97.5
119.1
79.7
119.1
78.0
97.5
119.0
74.4
97.5
117.7
97.5
119.1
73.3
97.5
108.1
132.3
108.2
132.6
108.2
132.6
108.1
132. 4
108.1 107.9
132.6 132.4
107.8
132.2
107.8
132.3
107.8
132.6
107.3
132.4
107.6
132.2
107.5
128.4
1 See Note and footnote
* Preliminary
*Revised.
4J antxary 1958 = 100.
T
1,
162.8
149.2
153.4
143.2
162.8
149.2
153.0
143.2
table D-7.
able
161.6 160.2
147.9 147.6
152. 4 152.7
142.8 139.7
159. 3
147.4
152.7
139.0
158.8 159. 7
147.6 147.5
152.8 152.6
139.0 139.0
122.7
123. 7
155.0
126.1
103.8
123.0
123.0
155.0
126.1
104.2
123.0
122.8
155.0
126.2
104.0
123.0
122.6
155.0
126.7
104.7
123.2 123.0
122.6 122.5
155. 0 154. 2
126.7 127.9
104.8 104.9
123.2
122.8
154.2
128.5
104.9
123.2
123.0
154.6
128.2
104.7
122.2
122.5
150.4
133.4
105.5
107.9
132.2
91.2
92.5
107.7 107.7
132.4 132.4
120.1
67.3
97.3
•N ot available.
Source : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D-9.
Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Commodity group
May* Apr.
All foods_______________________________ ____________
All fish____ ________ ________________________________
Special metals and metal products_____ _____ _
Metalworking machinery_________________ __________
Machinery and equipment____________________________
Agricultural machinery (including tractors).........................
Total tractors._____________________ ______ _____ ______
Steel-mil! products____________________________________
Construction materials 4______________________
S o a p s................................................. ...........................................
Synthetic detergents__________ ____ _____ _____________
Refined petroleum products___________________________
East Coast petroleum________ ____ ____ ____ ______
Mid-continent petroleum____ ______ _______________
Gulf Coast petroleum_____________________________
Pacific Coast petroleum___________________________
Pulp, paper and products, excl. bldg, paper__________ _
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes__________ ____________
Lumber and wood products, excl. millwork..........................
1 See Note and footnote 1, table D -7.
* Preliminary.
! Revised.
' This index was formerly Building materials
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
104.7 105.0
121.7 122.7
150.4 150.3
181.1 3180.4
157.4 157.1
144.5 3144.5
153.0 152.9
188.1 188.2
135.7 134.7
108. 8 108.8
101.2 101.3
116.1 117. 5
108.8 110.0
120.8 121.4
119.6 121.0
105.5 109.5
131.6 131.9
118.8 119.2
126.9 3125.3
Mar. Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov. Oct.
Sept. Aug. July June M ay
104.1
128.2
150.9
180.1
157. 2
144.5
152.9
188.2
133.8
108.8
101.3
118.1
111.3
122.6
121.3
108.1
131.6
125.3
123.7
106. 3
135.4
150. 4
178.6
156.6
144.4
152.6
188.4
132.4
110.5
101.3
115.8
110.0
117.7
120.3
109.4
131.2
128.9
119.2
106.3
134.8
150.4
178.2
156.3
144.2
152.8
188.3
132.0
108.6
101. 3
114.3
109.3
116.6
117.6
107.5
130.0
126.3
118.3
107.4
128.3
150.4
177.8
155.9
142.8
150. 6
188. 3
132. 0
108. 5
101.3
113.9
108. 0
116.1
116. 6
110. 6
131. 6
126.1
118.6
109.3
130.1
147.9
178.0
155.1
139.5
147.0
188.1
132.0
109.8
101.3
117.2
109.2
117.5
120. 6
121.3
131.4
124.2
119.6
105.4
133.7
150.7
178. 7
156. 9
144. 5
152.9
188.4
133.3
109.2
101.3
117. 6
111.3
120. 1
121.3
112.4
131.3
128. 9
121.7
108.3
129.6
148.8
177.4
155.4
139.9
148.2
187.6
132.1
108. 5
101.3
114.6
108. 0
118.1
116. 3
110.6
131.6
125.6
119.6
108.5
129. 9
147. 5
178.1
155.0
138.4
146. 1
187.8
130.6
107. 7
101.3
116. 6
108.4
116.4
120.6
121.3
130.7
123.0
117.6
110.2
131.2
146.2
178.0
155.2
138. 9
147.0
183.0
129.6
107.7
101.3
114. 1
107.7
112.0
119. 7
118.3
130. 6
120. 8
115.4
110.6
131.5
146.3
178.0
155.2
138.7
146.8
183.0
129.5
107.7
101.3
111.9
108.6
112.0
114.3
112.2
130.1
118.8
114.9
111.7
128.6
146.1
178. 0
155.0
138.7
146.8
183.1
129.2
109.0
101.0
111. 1
108.6
108 7
114.3
116. 4
1.30. 2
117.2
114.3
1958» 1957
109.5
128. 5
147.6
178.0
155.2
139.7
147.9
185.1
130.5
108.1
101.2
114.8
110.2
114.5
117. 7
117. 3
130.7
123.0
116.2
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
104.0
119.4
146.9
176.1
151.9
133.7
141.3
178.9
130.6
104.5
99.0
125.8
122.0
124.3
128.8
132.3
129.3
121.5
117.7
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
846
T able
D-10.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Commodity group
M a y 2 Apr. Mar. Feb.
Jan.
Dec. Nov.
Oct.
Sept. Aug. July
June M ay 19582 1957
119.6 119.5 119.5 119.2 119.2 119.0 119.1 119.1 119.2 119.2 119.6 119.2 117.6
All commodities.............................................................................
119.8
120.0
Crude materials for further processing............. ............. .........
Crude foodstuffs and feedstufls____________________
Crude nonfood materials except fuel________________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for manu
facturing................................ .................................... .
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for con
struction____________________________________
Crude fuel . ____________________________________
Crude fuel for manufacturing___________________
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing industry..............
98.5
89.7
112.3
99.6
91.1
112.6
98.9 98.0 98.1
89.8 89.0 89.7
112.7 111.3 110.5
110.9
111.2
111.3 109.8 109.0 108.6 109.8 109.7 108.1 107.8 106.0 105.2
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components..............
Intermediate materials and components for manu
facturing____ _____ . . ----------------------------------Intermediate materials for food manufacturing___
Intermediate materials for nondurable manu
facturing___________________________________
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing.
Components for manufacturing_________________
Materials and components for construction__________
Processed fuels and lubricants______________ ____
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing...
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufactur
ing In d u str y ...............................................................
Containers, nonreturnable_________________________
S u p p lies..------------------------------------- -------------------- Supplies for m anufacturing......................................
Supplies for nonmanufacturing in d u str y ................
Manufactured animal feeds_________________
Other su p p lies..................... ................. ................
Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods and
fu e ls ).......... ......................... .......................................................
Consumer finished goods__________________________
Consumer foods_______________________________
Consumer crude foods_____________________
Consumer processed foods__________________
Consumer other nondurable goods______________
Consumer durable goods____ ____ _____________
Producer finished goods___________________________
Producer goods for manufacturing industries..........
Producer goods for nonmanufacturing industries..
127.3 3127.2 126.7 126.5 126.3 126.3 125.7 125.4 125.4 125.3 125.0 124.7 124.9 125.3 125.1
140.2 140.2 140.2 140.2
120.3 3120.3 125.4 126.4
119.9 3119.9 124.9 125.9
121.0 3120.9 126.3 127.2
98.4
89.9
98.0
89.3
111.2
111.1
98.4 99.1 100.0 100.7 101.7 99.4 97.2
90.7 92.1 94.3 95.7 97.7 92.8 87.7
109.6 109.3 107.7 107.0 106.0 108.4 112.5
104.1 106.8 111.5
139.2 139.1 139.1 139.1 139.1 139.0 138.9 139.0 139.0 136.0
123.5 123.0 123.1 121.8 120.6 118.8 118.2 117.9 121.2 119.7
123.1 122.6 122.7 121.4 120.3 118.5 117.9 117.6 120.9 119.4
124.1 123.6 123.7 122.3 121.1 119.2 118.5 118.3 121.8 120.1
129.2 128.6 128.2 128.0 127.7 127.8 127.8 127.6 127.3 127.2 126.7 126.9 126.8 127.2 126.9
99.0 97.4 97.7 98.5 99.2 100.4 101.2 • 101.4 101.5 101.8 102.6 103.4 103.5 102.2 99.9
106.8
158.1
151.5
137.1
107.0
106.2
106.4
157.7
150.9
3136.5
3107.3
3106.4
105.2
157.6
151.1
135.7
107.4
106.6
104.8
157.1
151.0
135.3
106.8
106.2
104. 5
156.6
150.8
134.5
105.9
105.3
104. 5
156.6
150.7
134.2
105.6
105.0
104.3
156.6
150.7
134.1
105.4
104.8
104.2
156.2
150.2
134.2
105.6
104.9
104.1
155.4
1149. 8
133.7
107.7
106.6
108.3
136.6
116.7
142.3
104.7
76.0
121.5
108.8
136.7
118.3
3141.8
107.0
82.0
108.0
138. C
117.6
141.3
106.2
80. S
106.9
137.8
118.7
140.6
107.9
85.2
121.1
106.5
138.0
114.9
140.3
103.0
72.4
120.9
109.6
137.7
113.7
139.3
121.1
106.6
138.7
118.6
140.5
107.9
85.6
120.9
106.9
137.9
113.5
140.5
121.6
108.7
137.8
117.2
141.6
105.6
78.7
121.3
120.5
112. 5
105.5
87.5
109.3
113.3
126.6
153.1
158.0
148.9
120.8
120.6
120.8
120. 6
112.7
105.6
89.4
109. C
113.7
126.5
152.8
157.6
148.7
120.5
120.6
112.9
106.2
92.1
109.2
113.6
126.5
3152.9
3157.8
148.7
120.7
112.9
106.8
95.3
109. S
113.1
126.4
152.4
157.2
148.4
* See footnote 1, table D-7.
* Revised.
113.1
107.8
95.1
110.5
112.7
126.4
152.2
157.1
148.2
113.0
107.6 108.5
95.5 97.8
110.2 110.9
112.8
112.2
112.0
126.1
152.0
156.7
148.0
126.0
151.6
156. £
147.5
104.6
152.9
149.0
132. C
104.6
104.2
104.2
155.0
149.5
132.7
107.6
106.5
104.3
152.9
149.5
132.1
106.0
105.1
104.5
152.9
149.4
132.1
105.0
104.5
109.5
137.7
114.8
138.2
101.0 101.8 103.5
66.9 69.5 74.0
121.0 120.7 120.9
107.6
137.5
116.1
139.1
105.0
77.7
106.0 105.4 107.7 116.0
137.4 137.5 137.4 134.3
114.6 116.3 115.1 112.5
139.4 139.6 139.9 137.6
102.9 105.1 103.4 101.1
71.7 76.9 73.0 67.6
121.2 121.6 121.2 120.7
120.9 120.6
tl3 .3 113.7 113.3
109.6 110.8 110.0
94.1
100.6 100.6
111.5 113.0 113.3
112.2 112.2 112. C
125. C 124.6 124.7
150.5 150.1 150.0
155.0 154.8 154.6
146.3 146.1 146.2
113.7
111.5
95.7
114.8
111.4
124.7
150.0
154.6
146.0
121.0
120.8
104.7
154.3
149.5
132.9
106.5
105.8
120.7 121.0 120.8
113.6 113.9 113.5
112.5 110.5
93.2 102.4 101.0
115.5 114.7 112.6
111. C 110.9 111.7
124.7 124.7 125. C
150. C 150.C 150.3
154.7 154.7 155. C
146.0 146.0 146.4
111.6
105.7
153.2
148.3
132.9
113.0
111.2
118.1
111.1
104.6
95.0
106.4
112.4
123.3
146.7
151.2
142.9
N o t e : For a description of these series, see N ew BLS Economic Sector
Indexes of Wholesale Prices, M onthly Labor Review, December 1956 (p.
1448).
S ource : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2 Preliminary.
T able
140.2
126.1
125.7
126.7
97.0
88.4
110.1
D -ll.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product
[1947-49= 100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Commodity group
All commodities............................. ...................
Total durable g o o d s .-...............................
Total nondurable goods...........................
Total manufactures___________________
Durable manufactures_______________
Nondurable manufactures___________
Total raw or slightly processed goods___
Durable raw or slightly processed goodsNondurable raw or slightly processed
goods...........................................................
1 Preliminary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ay'
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
119.8
145.6
105.8
125. 9
146.9
109.2
99.5
108.4
120.0
145. 4
106.2
125. 8
146.6
109.4
119.6
145.4
105.6
125.5
146.4
108.8
119.5
145.1
105.5
125.3
146.2
108.7
100.6
100.1
100.2
109.7
116.2
99.0
100.1
99.2
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
1958'
1957
119.1
143.2
106.1
124.6
144.3
109.1
119.1
142.8
106. 2
124.6
143.9
109.4
119.2
142.1
106.8
124.5
143.3
109.7
101.4
106.1
119.5
141.9
107.3
124.5
143.2
109.7
103.1
102.9
119.2
142.8
106.4
124.5
144.0
109.2
108.3
117.6
141.4
104.7
123.2
142.0
108.4
98.9
122.3
101.2
103.2
101.2
97.7
119.2
144.5
105.4
125.1
145.6
108.8
99.5
111.7
119.2
144.4
105.5
124.8
145.4
108.4
119.0
143.7
105.6
124.5
144.7
108.5
100.6
100.8
101.0
100.6
115.5
119.5
144.7
105.7
125.2
145.8
108.9
100.3
113.4
114.4
113.7
111.5
111.7
119.2
142.1
106.8
124.6
143.3
109.8
101.3
106.8
99.3
99.6
98.8
99.8
100.0
100.4
100.0
101.0
101.6
N ote : For a description of these series and data beginning with 1947, see
Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, 1957, BLS Bull. 1235 (1958).
Source : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
847
B.—WORK STOPPAGES
E.—Work Stoppages
T able E - l.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Workers involved in stoppages
Number of stoppages
Month and year
1Q45
194fi
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1959
1953
1954
1955
1950
1957
195g
_
Beginning in
month or year
________________
_________
_ ______________
_ _ _ ________
_ ______________
__ ________
__ ____________
__________________
______________
_________________
_
__________
________
_____________
_____
IQfiS- M av
- .
____________________
June _______ _______________ _______ . . . ______
July _ _
__________________________________
___________
August
September _____________________________ __ __ _
Onto her
________________________________
November ____________________________________
December___________ ______ - .........- ................ ............
1959: January 2_______________________________________
February 2 ___________________________________
M arch 2
___________________________________
A p ril 2
..............................................................
M ay 2......................................................................................
Beginning in
month or year
350
350
350
300
400
300
200
150
225
200
250
350
400
In effect dur
ing month
475
500
525
475
575
525
400
300
325
300
350
475
650
150,000
160,000
160,000
140,000
400, 000
450, 000
225,000
60, 000
75.000
75,000
90,000
175, 000
175,000
Number
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
16,900,000
39, 700,000
38,000,000
116, 000, 000
34, 600,000
34,100, 000
50, 500, 000
38, 800, 000
22, 900,000
59,100, 000
28,300, 000
22 , 600, 000
28, 200, 000
33,100,000
16, 500. 000
23.900,000
0.27
.46
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.59
.44
.23
.67
.26
200,000
2 , 000,000
.21
250,000
240,000
250. 000
500, 000
525,000
300, 000
180,000
1,650, 000
1, 700,000
2, 000.000
2, 500,000
5,250, 000
2, 500,000
2 , 000,000
150,000
140,000
150,000
250,000
300,000
2, 000,000
1,130,000
2,380,000
3, 470,000
4, 600, 000
2,170, 000
1, 960,000
3,030, 000
2, 410,000
2, 220,000
3, 540, 000
2, 400,000
1, 530, 000
2, 650,000
1,900.000
1, 390,000
2,060,000
2,862
3, 573
4, 750
4,985
3; 693
3; 419
3; 606
4,843
4,737
5,117
5,091
3,468
4,320
3,825
3,673
3,694
« The data include all known work stoppages involving six or more workers
and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers involved and
man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift in establish
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or
secondary eflects on other establishments or industries whose employees are
made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In effect dur
ing month
Man-days idle during month
or year
1, 500, 000
1, 000,000
2, 500,000
2, 750, 000
.21
.26
.29
.14
.22
.18
.18
.22
.28
.53
.30
.21
.23
.18
. 11
.26
.30
2 Preliminary.
N o t e : For a description of this series, sec Technique* of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S o u k c e : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
848
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1950
F .—Building and Construction
T
able
F -l.
Expenditures for new construction 1
[Value of work put In place]
Expenditures (in millions of dollars)
Type of construction
1959
19582
Jun e 3 M a y 2 Apr .2 Mar .2 Feb .2 Jan .2
Total new construction............................. .
Dec.
Nov.
1958 2 1957 2
Oct.
Sept,
Aug.
July
June
Total
Total
4,979
4,645
4,252
3,841
3,469
3, 719
4,139
4, 532
4, 760
4, 745
4, 666
4, 526
4,343 49,109
47,795
Private construction___________________ 3,466
Residential buildings (nonfarm)____ 2,052
New dwelling units____________ 1,510
Additions and alterations ______
477
N onhousekeepin g______________
65
Nonresidential buildings 4__________
762
Industrial...........................................
161
Commercial. __________ _______
364
Office buildings and ware
houses...................................... .
165
S to res, resta u ra n ts, and
garages__________________
199
Other nonresidential buildings__
237
R elig io u s... ...............................
79
Educational..................__..........
42
Hospital and institutional *...
48
Social and recreational______
50
Miscellaneous______________
18
Farm construction........... ......................
175
Public utilities____________________
460
R ailroad..._____ _______________
29
Telephone and telegraph________
69
Other public utilities___________
362
All other private___________________
1l
Public construction_______________ H I"! 1,513
Residential buildings4_______ ______
86
Nonresidential buildings (other than
military facilities)...............................
406
Industrial_____________________
30
Educational_________________ ” .
244
Hospital and institutional___ III!
39
Administrative and service______
52
Other nonresidential buildings.il!
41
Military facilities 7_________________
135
Highways______________________ III!
575
Sewer and water systems__________ I.
125
Sewer________________________
77
Water__________________ IIIIIII!
48
Public service enterprises.IIIIIIIIIII!
54
Conservation and development............
111
All other public___________________
21
3,239
1,933
1,425
447
61
687
154
320
2,978
1,779
1,350
372
57
627
150
276
2, 722
1,562
1,230
276
56
625
154
270
2,496
1,374
1,080
238
56
636
160
268
2, 617
1.471
1,170
243
58
655
165
273
2,941
1, 679
1,329
291
59
716
168
310
3,142
1,788
1,375
354
59
754
170
331
3,176
1,788
1,362
370
56
743
167
322
3,157
1,746
1,327
366
53
736
167
318
3,126
1,710
1,276
382
52
738
171
319
3,054
1, 648
1,207
388
53
748
178
329
2,934 33 833
1,558 18 047
1,123 13, 552
382 3,862
53
633
732 8,675
187 2,382
318 3, 589
33,778
17,019
12,615
3,903
501
9, 556
3, 557
3,564
159
150
149
154
158
168
171
168
170
172
172
171
2,013
1,893
161
213
71
41
46
41
14
158
446
29
67
350
15
1,406
92
126
121
201
114
208
70
45
45
34
14
115
217
73
48
40
35
15
109
368
15
57
296
14
160
253
81
53
48
42
29
154
254
81
54
49
44
26
131
497
147
248
79
53
52
42
157
241
75
50
51
41
24
165
473
19
75
379
147
227
70
47
51
37
1, 576
2,704
863
574
600
424
243
1, 567
5,355
276
904
4,175
189
15, 276
846
1,671
2,435
525
525
311
206
1, 590
5,414
' 406
1,068
3,940
199
14,017
506
4,653
408
2, 875
390
532
448
1,402
5,364
1,387
836
551
451
1, 019
154
4,507
473
2,825
' 354
439
416
1,287
4,892
1,344
781
563
393
971
117
386
30
227
38
51
40
125
505
201
67
41
45
36
12
67
42
45
34
13
124
398
137
422
28
61
333
13
1, 274
95
62
315
13
1,119
96
385
30
229
38
50
38
367
29
218
37
47
36
21
112
100
320
74
48
49
105
415
116
71
45
39
91
22
21
122
110
68
42
31
78
17
jiouuicircu uiuucmuy value Ui new construction put in place during the
periods shown, including major additions and alterations but excluding
maintenance and repair. These figures differ from permit-valuation data
reported In the tabulations for building-permit activity (tables F-3, F-4
and F-5> and the data on value of contract awards liable F -2).
2 Includes revisions made annually. Data have been revised from 1946
and complete monthly detail for 1945-58 is available upon request.
3 Preliminary.
4 Expenditures bv privately owned public utilities for nonresidential build
ing are included under “ Public utilities,”
* Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
973
97
1,102
94
142
238
78
51
47
39
23
98
432
19
69
344
16
1,198
91
326
28
197
29
42
30
91
260
96
60
36
25
63
15
359
29
223
30
44
33
107
320
105
367
34
225
33
42
33
118
388
108
112
362
15
62
285
12
66
68
39
28
73
16
40
30
80
16
21
22
72
378
17
1,390
77
398
17
1,584
83
148
251
80
54
51
43
23
157
500
27
75
398
18
1,588
79
429
36
259
37
55
42
164
620
124
76
48
45
427
32
259
36
58
42
155
627
130
80
50
52
102
101
17
17
112
471
86
386
36
229
36
48
37
166
494
117
72
45
36
89
16
22
170
491
25
70
396
17
1,540
71
1,472
70
430
37
259
36
55
43
129
611
133
81
52
52
99
15
423
36
262
35
49
41
125
572
128
77
51
47
94
13
20
66
411
36
257
32
46
40
126
536
123
73
50
41
94
12
8 Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as house
keeping units,
7 Covers all building and nonbuilding construction, except production
facilities (which are included in public industrial building), and Armed
Forces housing under the Capchart program (which is included in public
residential building).
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954). See also Technical
Note on Revised Estimates of Residential Additions and Alterations, 1945-56
(in M onthly Labor Review, August 1957, p. 973).
Source : Joint estimates of the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics and U.S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense
Services Administration.
Responsibility for the collection and compilation of all statistics on housing and con
struction activity was shifted from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to the Bureau of the
Census of the U.S. Department of Commerce on July 1, 1959. Future issues of the
Review will no longer include the building and construction tables (F -l through F -6 ).
These series are being continued by the Bureau of the Census and current data may be
obtained from that agency.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22
156
469
25
78
366
19
1,409
'868
849
F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-2.
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of construction 1
V a lu e (In m illio n s o f d ollars)
Apr.
Mar.
Total public construction------------------- 1,040.6 1,058.0
Federally owned 2___________________
Residential buildings.......................
Nonresidential buildings_________
Educational_________________
Hospital and institutional____
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildings.
Airfield buildings........ .........
Troop housing___________
Warehouses______________
All other..................................
Airfields *_______________________
Conservation and development___
Highways_______________________
Electric power___ _______ ________
All other federally owned..................
State and locally owned______________
Residential buildings____________
Nonresidential buildings_________
Educational __________ _____
Hospital and institutional____
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildings.
H ighways--------- --------------- -------Sewer and water systems------------Sewer______ _____ ___________
Water_______________________
Public service enterprises________
Electric power_____ __________
Other.............................................
Conservation and development___
All other State and locally o w n e d ...
1958
1959
Ownership and type of construction
224.0
20.5
76.9
345.8
22.7
110.3
.1
8.6
5.0
9.7
53.6
13.9
17.8
3.3
18.6
72.9
34.0
6.4
3.9
9.4
816.6
46.9
288.5
208.4
27.9
26.9
25.3
335.1
94.0
67.8
26.2
31.7
17.3
14.4
11.7
8.7
(3)
56.0
54.2
26.2
4.0
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
1958
1957
Total
Total
718.4
847.3
986.8
812.6
954.4 1.177. 7 1.277. 6 1,252.1 1.812. 8 1,608.0 1,165. 5 13,508.1 11,473.8
111.1
136.4
3.2
73.4
1.3
238.3
111.9
7.8
39.3
3.2
3.4
121.0
.7
37.1
2.9
3.0
4.1
27.1
12.6
2.1
.7
10.3
49.2
22.4
5.2
1.4
21.9
28.3
106.1
6.5
54.0
17.9
712.2
19.9
279.9
199.4
38.3
27.5
14.7
273.5
80.7
56.1
24.6
36.0
9.4
26.6
12.6
20.2
17.5
46.4
.5
1.7
7.2
607.3
16.0
208.6
149.1
29.7
10.3
19.5
249.3
106.4
52.5
53.9
14.3
7.4
6.9
23.7
19.2
3.2
4.2
9.5
710.9
34.7
226.1
144.1
15.1
18.7
48.2
320.5
94.4
51.4
43.0
15.3
9.5
5.8
6.1
6.0
8.0
16.1
6.7
11.9
12.6
1.2
2.2
87.7
8.2
22.4
15.9
41.2
11.0
1.3
1.2
27.7
28.1
51.5
10.8
21.9
5.9
1.1
1.8
13.1
14.7
17.0
22.7
41.5
.8
.8
10.4
29.5
1.5
4.3
.1
23.6
11.4
29.4
9.9
222.7
86.4
28.3
223.6
115.1
54.6
.6
2.2
1.2
1.2
.1
6.9
20.7
.4
1.8
.9
17.6
2.7
23.2
2.0
2.0
31.0
35.8
748.5
45.2
28.3
343.6
82.1
56.2
25.9
13.6
26.9
4.2
700.7
26.9
246.0
162.0
14.4
40.8
28.8
336.3
67.0
51.8
15.2
10.9
6.1
21.8
6.0
18.2
55.9
955.0
64.8
271.0
197.3
19.6
25.7
28.4
420.2
76.6
49.3
27.3
89.4
69.4
4.8
10.9
6.3
4.8
5.8
7.8
15.8
12.5
18.3
20.0
12.0
21.0
20.1
271.9
178.2
20.2
8.8
1.0
5.1
833.4
31.7
286.7
196.6
17.3
28.1
44.7
387.5
74.9
50.5
24.4
8.0
166.8
42.4
44.8
1.8
50.0
11.9
5.7
.4
14.0
28.6
9.0
3.9
1.8
1.6
695.2
101.3
239.8
13.8
11.2
37.8
177.0
63.6
36.2
10.2
474.2
52.4
184.9
5.0
27.0
29. 1
123.8
37.7
22.5
9.2
54.4
120.3
73.9
14.1
30.6
67.0
53.2 150.3
21.4
23.3
133. 1
6.1
9.3
25.4
3.4
11.8
13.1
6.3
1.9
13.9
4.7
31.4
3.9
17.8
1,054.0 1, 085. 3 1,117. 6 1,133. 8
70.3
31.9
35.8
67.6
325.9 327.0 335.6 355.9
227.1 225.1 212.3 229.2
36.4
36.7
31.4
55.8
53.4
35.8
40.6
34.8
32.6
29.4
36.9
26.9
519.0 525.6 461.0 418.8
91.0 116.1 104.7 129.2
73.1
66.9
77.3
74.5
56.1
24.1
38.8
30.2
55.4 114.0 137.4
53.9
21.2
18.9
84.2 107.3
30.1
36.5
29.8
32.7
6.4
12.2
9.0
17.1
20.3
15.8
16.2
17.6
273.9 2,959.4
592.0
29.2
987.7
122.8
6.3
51.7
95.2
12.9
183.9
24.7
656.9
78.9
196.7
38.1
89.3
8.0
3.5
36.5
334.4
29.3
475.6
29.7
475.2
68.5
95.5
9.9
3.4
137.8
10.4
195.6
891.6 10,548. 7
47.2
479.7
326.5 3,576. 2
208.8 2,407.6
32.5
334.5
40.5
455.6
44.7
378.5
365.5 4,489.3
95.9 1,050.0
66.0
708.2
29.9
341.8
24.5
669.5
12.1
450.0
12.4
219.5
15.7
123.3
16.3
160.7
2, 317.3
406.2
776.5
48.4
78.9
148.3
500.9
98.9
60.9
35.0
306.1
182.2
563.8
91.5
140.3
156.8
9,156. 5
326.7
3, 409.4
2, 450. 5
287.1
315.4
356.4
3,825.1
1,034.2
619.4
414.8
364.2
200.1
164.1
112.7
84.2
by a
< B e g in n in g w it h J a n u a r y 1958, in c lu d e s m issile la u n c h in g fa c ilitie s w h ic h
w ere p r e v io u s ly in c lu d e d u n d e r “ A ll o th e r fe d e r a lly o w n e d .”
2
Source : U .S . D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r, B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s a n d TJ.S.
D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , B u s in e s s a n d D e fe n s e S e r v ic e s A d m in is tr a tio n .
• I n c lu d e s m ajor force a c c o u n t p ro jects sta r te d (c o n str u c tio n d o n e d ir e c tly
g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c y u sin g a sep a ra te w o rk force to perform n o n m a in te n a n c e c o n s tr u c tio n o n th e a g e n c y ’s o w n p r o p e r ty ).
In c lu d e s c o n str u c tio n co n tr a c ts a w a r d e d u n d e r L e a se -P u r c h a se p ro
g ra m s w h ic h te r m in a te d w it h P .L . 85-844, a p p r o v e d A u g u s t 28 ,1 9 5 8 .
s L e ss t h a n $50,000.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
850
I
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
able
F-3.
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership, class of construction,
and type of building 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction, ownership, and
type of building
1959
Apr.
M ar.2
Feb.2
1958
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
Julyi
1958
June
May
Apr.2 Mar.
Total
All building construction____________ 2,304.3 2,120.2 1, 463. 5 1,374.4 1,335.8 1,499. 8 1,907. 7 1, 857.3 1, 942.0 1,952. 6 2,042. 6 1,920.1 1, 810. 3 1, 523.8 20,086.9
Private______________________ . . 2,044. 9 1,938.2 1,287.2 1,181.2 1,148.2 1,359. 7 1,689. 6 1, 597.2 1, 665.6 1,732.9 1, 703.1 1, 557.7 1, 570.3 1,315.7 17, 291.0
Public__________________________ 259.4
182.0
176.3 193.1 187.7 140.1 218.0 260.1 276.4 219.8 339.5 362.4 240.0 ' 208.1 2, 795.9
New residential building_____________ 1,372.2 1,215.1
779.5 755.8 748.7 914.6 1,128. 4 1,118.0 1,053.0 1,083.2 1,056.1 1,024.3 961.8 781.1 10,998.0
Dwelling units ( h o u s e k e e p in g
on ly)................................................... 1,346.9 1,188. 7
762.1 737.7 733.7 899.6 1,108. 0 1,104. 7 1, 035. 6 1,062. 8 1,037.4 1,001.9 945.5 761.9 10, 792. 7
Privately owned_____________ 1,305.1 1,176. 5
751.1 705.3 716.7 876.3 1,084.0 1,021.4 982.1 1,039. 3 953.6 935.8 919.2 732.3 10,303. 6
1-family.................................... 1,108. 9
991.9
613.2 570.3 599.2 734.2 951.8 898.0 856.4 888.0 838.4 813.3 795.5 625.2 8,886.4
2-family......... ..........................
41.8
41.1
25.6
22.6
20.5
25.5
26.1
25.2
25.5
23.7
22.2
25.5
27.5
21.3
275 7
3- and 4-family......................
17.6
18.3
10.1
13.0
11.6
12.9
13.5
15.1
14.2
14.5
10.3
11.6
10.8
11.0
143 0
5-or-more family__________ 136.7
125.2
102.2
99.4
85.5 103.6
92.6
83.0
86.0 113.2
82.7
85.4
85.4
998.4
74.
7
Publicly o w n ed .......... ....... .........
41.8
12.2
11.0
32.5
23.4
23.9
17.0
83.4
53.5
23.5
83.8
66.1
29 fi
26.3
489.1
Nonbousekeeping buildings ...........
25.3
26.4
17.4
18.1
20.4
14.9
15.0
13.3
17.5
20.4
18. 7
22.4
16. 3
19 2
205 3
New nonresidential buildings.................. 715.1
726.0
546.1 492.9 462.8 458.2 603.2 572.2 719.9 672.9 795.1 727.6 664.1 591 1 7,172! 7
Commercial b u ild in g s...................... 232.2
331.6
208.9 204.6 162.3 153.7 219.2 171.9 249.2 236.2 201.4 263.0 270. 5 229 1 2 447 4
Amusement buildings________
27.3
22.3
11.8
13.9
11.3
12.3
12.8
14.3
16.1
30.8
21.9
17.6
17.8
13 3
192 9
Commercial garages.._________
7.1
3.8
2.0
5.2
1. 5
4.5
1.7
3.7
5.6
6.8
8.9
4.1
5 n
56 0
6 6
Gasoline and service station s...
12.0
11.4
7.9
8.9
8.8
7.7
11.4
10.8
10.4
11.0
11.0
11.2
11.6
11.4
125 5
Office buildings______________
69.3
198.2
112.6
90.3
69.9
62.3 106.5
63.8 117.3
92.6
64.0 139.9 117.4 120.1 1,074. 8
Stores and other mercantile
buildings .............................. ..
116.5
95.9
74.7
87.5
68.9
70.5
83.9
79.4
99.8
97.6
92.9
90.3 117.2
998 2
79 3
Community b u ild in g s............ ......... 216.9
212.4
219.1 170.7 181.9 189.1 224.1 248. 5 261.1 268. 6 235.0 276.6 219.9 236.7 2, 683! 9
Educational buildings _______ 113.1
132.7
135.9 109.7
99.7 112.6 149.3 169.8 171.0 139.4 144.0 149.9 119. 6 159. 7 1,644.3
Institutional buildings_______
44.8
41.4
56.3
34.5
50.4
40.5
33.0
37.5
49.9
78.1
47.5
81.0
51.0
569 2
40.8
Religious buildings__________
59.0
38.3
26.8
26.4
36.0
31.8
41.3
41.7
40.1
43.5
51.2
45.6
30 2
470 3
49.2
Garages, private residential_______
23.0
12.3
5.4
4.8
13.1
6.0
21.4
21.9
19.4
19.4
19. 2
19.1
18 2
10 3
178 7
Industrial buildings______________
86.0
96.1
54.6
55.4
52.6
47.9
66.1
71.7
70.8
61. 5 « 204. 1
53.6
61 7
873^ 6
62. 8
Public utilities buildings_________
30.4
28.4
21.3
19.4
27.2
21.7
34.1
33.6
64.0
55.5
24.2
30. 4
36. 9
21 2
424 6
All other nonresidential buildings.. 126.4
45.2
36.7
25.2
40.8
37.5
32.7
30.2
55.4
62.9 105.1
59.9
32 0
55. 8
564 6
Additions and alterations____________
217.0
179.1
138.0 125.6 124.3 126.9 176.1 167.1 169.0 196.5 191.4 168.2 184.3 151.6 1,916.2
i Data relate to building construction authorized by local building permits
in all localities (over 7,000) having building-permit systems—rural nonfarm
as well as urban. Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded
for Federal projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) in
permit-issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered
by builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects;
construction undertaken by State and local governments is reported by local
officials. Because permit valuations generally understate the actual cost of
construction and because of lapsed permits and the lag between permit
T able F-4.
issuance or contract-awarded dates and start of construction, these data do
not represent the volume of building construction started.
2 Revised.
2 Includes a retroactive building permit issued during the month for a steel
plant, valued at $120 million, which was actually begun early in 1957.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and geographic region 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction and
geographic region
1959
Apr.
Mar.2
1958
Feb.2
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
1958
June
M ay
Apr.2 Mar.
Total
All building construction *___________ 2 , 304.3 2 , 120.2 1, 463 . 5 1 , 374 . 4 1, 335.8 1, 499 . 8 1, 907.7 1, 857.3 1, 942.0 1, 952.6 2 , 042 . 6 1, 920.1 1, 810.3 1, 523 . 8 20 , 086 . 9
Northeast__________________
471.5
517.4
349.3
276.3
2 6 9.2
325 . 2 3 5 8.4
385.3
397.1
364.2
387.1
380.4 ' 360.8 ' 2 7 3.8
3 , 918 . 9
North Central...................................... 666 . 6
489.0
2 6 7.5
246.3
4 3 9.6
3 0 6.3
542.2
575.9
519.3
568.0
6 4 3.2
531.5
543.8
3 9 5.9
5 , 532 . 6
South_______________________
548.5
537.6
427.8
424.6
383.1
3 6 6.6
5 1 6.2
473.8
532 . 6 499.3
508.3
518.2
457 . 7
419.4
5, 420 . 8
W e s t -.................................................... 617.7
576.1
419.0
42 6 .9
351.9
393.7
457.2
456.0
521.1
493.1
504.0
489.9
447.9
4 3 4 .6
5 | 214.6
—
New dwelling units (housekeeping
o n ly )--............................................. ......... 1, 346.9 1, 188 . 7
762.1
737.7
899.6 1, 108.0 1, 104.7 1, 0 3 5 .6 1, 0 6 2.8 1, 037 . 4 1, 001.9
733.7
945.5
761.9 10 , 792 . 7
Northeast...................... .............. ......... 278.5
237.9
142.6
124.4
131.3
191.7
199.2
231.8
195.4
198.1
2 0 3.2
220.8
189.2
130.3
2 , 035.9
North Central__________________
4 0 5.9
29 4 .5
149.0
262.6
130.1
157.5
3 3 6 .8
318.0
278.2
304.9
279.9
273.7
279.1
2 0 5.5
2 , 913.9
South___________ _____________
3 2 3 .0
303.1
2 4 4.6
229.1
20 4 .3
219.6
283.1
282.7
267.5
275.8
281.3
245.7
249.0
21 8 .9
2 , 919 . 7
W est _______________ ________ _________ 3 3 9.4
353.1
225.9
254.1
24 0 .6
225.7
288.9
272.3
294.4
284.0
273.1
261.7 2 2 8.2
207 2 2 , 923 . 2
New nonresidential buildings________
715.1
72 6 .0
546.1
492.9
462.8
458 . 2 6 0 3 .2
572.2
7 1 9.9
672.9
795.1
727.6
664.1
591.1
7 , 172 . 7
Northeast______________________
135.4
234.4
174.3
119.7
109.5
101.0
118.8
115.9
156.6
121.5
137.1
123.7
132.6
114 . 0
1, 452.3
North Central___________________ 199.6
146.3
90.7
142.4 184.4 173.5 196.4 208.9 311.4 210.9 212.0 148.2 2 , 095.2
9 1 .4
120.3
South_______ _______ ____
164.4
177.1
138.2 154.9 123.5 123.1 181.5 141.2 212.8 162.0 174.4 216.5 151.5 155.2 il 904.3
W est___________________________
215. 7
168.2
142.9 126.9 109.6
91.6 118.4 141.6 154.1 180.6 172.2 176.5 168.0 173 6 1,721.0
Additions and alterations____________
217.0
179.1
138.0 125.6 124.3 126.9 176.1 167.1 169.0 196. 5 191.4 168.2 184.3 151. 6 1,916. 2
Northeast__ __________________
53.6
37.8
29.5
28.9
30.7
25.6
35.5
36.7
41.3
42.5
44.2
34.9
35.9
399. 6
28.2
North Central___________________
57.4
42.5
26.2
31.4
23.2
26.8
48.3
50.6
41.7
48.2
48.6
45.4
49.5
491. 2
40.1
South____________ ____ _________
54.4
50.0
39.7
34.9
33.9
35.9
48.2
45.0
45.3
53.7
48.9
45.7
51.3
531.2
41.8
West .................................. ...............
51.7
48.7
30.7
42.7
38.2
36.8
38.0
40.6
40.8
51.6
50.1
42.2
47.6
41.5
494.2
1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
»Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
' Includes new nonhousekeeping residential building, not shown separately,
S ource : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
851
T able F-5. Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan location and State 1
V a lu a tio n (In m illio n s o f d o lla r s)
1959
State and location
Mar.
1958
Feb .2
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Sept.
Oct.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.2 Mar.
1958
1957
Total
Total
All States______ - _________________ 2, 120.2 1,463. 5 1,374.4 1,335.8 1.499. 8 1,907.7 1,857.3 1,942. 0 1,952.6 2,042. 6 1, 920.1 1,810.3 1,523.8 20,086. 9 18,168.8
Metropolitan areas 8_____________ 1,699.9 1,170.1 1,089.4 1,045.3 1,176. 4 1,493.7 1, 446.4 1,533. 2 1, 533. 0 1, 581. 6 1,483.0 1,394. 9 1,203.1 15,718.1 14,130.7
Nonmetropolitan areas___________ 420.3 293.4 285.0 290.5 323.4 414.0 410.9 408.8 419.6 461.0 437.1 415.4 320.7 4,368. 8 4,038.1
Alabama________ __________________
A rizona.-.....................................................
Arkansas. __________- _____________
California.......................... ...........................
Colorado____________________ ____
23.9
33.2
7.0
398.7
29.2
21.5
25.8
6.4
299.3
18.3
Connecticut ----------------------------------Delaware--------------------- ------------------District of Columbia______ ____ _____
Florida................................................. .........
G eorgia.......................................................
32.9
19.3
3.0
2.4
88.9
37.6
3.3
5.3
80.3
30.3
Idaho................................... — .........- .........
Illin o is.-................................ .................. ..
In d ia n a ---------- ----------------- ------------Iowa. _______________ _________ --Kansas. _____________________ _____
4.7
118.8
38.4
17.1
3.1
61.1
18.4
8.9
12.4
2.4
54.9
17.9
8.9
8.3
2.9
66.9
21.9
Kentucky___________________ _____ —
Louisiana_________________ ________
M aine___ ______ ___ ________________
M aryland_________ ________ ___ _____
Massachusetts______________________
18.4
30.3
13.4
22.7
.4
28.6
8.4
19.0
22.1
7.7
23.0
.9
41.5
21.5
M ichigan. ________ ________ ____
M in n e s o ta ...------ --------------------------M ississippi--------------------------- ----------M issou ri-.-------------------------------------M ontana_____________ ____________
78.2
33.1
5.1
38.8
4.4
33.8
16.5
4.8
30.2
38.9
16.3
4.6
29.2
1.1
1.2
Nebraska___________________________
Nevada__________ __________________
N ew Hampshire..........................................
N ew Jersey ... ________ _______ ____
N ew Mexico_______________________ -
11.4
7.9
3.6
87.7
11.9
5.7
5.4
1.5
42.9
11.7
40.6
12.5
N ew York------ ------ ---------------------- -North Carolina------ ------- ------- --------North Dakota______________________
Ohio------------------ ---------------------------Oklahoma.--------------------------------------
220.8
208.4
18.5
.3
60.8
15.2
134.5
18.6
.5
46.4
12.4
120.4
15.7
134.6
.4
2.9
77.3
Oregon. ........ ...........................................
Pennsylvania---------- --------- --------------Rhode Island_________ _________ . .
South Carolina--------------------------------South D akota----------------------------------
16.9
75.7
12.8
6.7
3.3
6.2
1.5
11.3
54.1
3.0
7.9
1.4
10.7
39.9
3.0
5.3
1.9
T ennessee.. ...............................................
Texas______________________________
U tah___________________________ . . .
Vermont ---------- ---------------------------V ir g in ia .....................................................
26.2
116.0
19.5
95.9
8.5
17.9
102.5
5.9
17.1
88.9
12.4
3.1
32.0
30.3
30.4
2.7
21. S
25.6
4.1
28.5
2.0
1.8
Washington. ______________________
West V i r g i n i a ---------- ----------- --------------W isconsin__________________________
Wyoming__________________________
1See footnote 1, table F-3.
2 Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12.0
15.7
82.1
33.0
20.1
1.8
49.4
88.4
24.0
2.0
99.9
31.4
6.0
21.8
51.7
2.5
21.4
27.6
16.7
24.6
6.6
6.6
293.4
24.5
269.6
25.0
20.0
18.9
2.7
5.4
6.1
1.8
.2
.4
.4
50.4
40.0
35.5
44.6
30.5
3.2
17.8
2.4
40.5
5.8
18.1
1.5
6.1
28.0
2.9
6.1
73.9
28.4
10.0
9.9
1.0
27.6
33.2
40.3
22.1
2.5
23.4
1.5
9.4
4.6
3.0
46.6
10.2
78.2
13.1
23.9
39.9
23.6
7.0
373.2
27.9
25.3
25.5
9.8
340.4
34.8
33.1
13.1
42.9
76.7
23.7
32.0
8.4
30.8
12.6
13.8
78.3
25.8
3.9
115.0
43.3
20.5
14.3
4.5
106.5
33.3
36.9
13.5
4.6
130.0
33.2
21.7
3.1
32.2
34.1
17.3
29.4
2.3
46.0
42.1
19.2
35.1
3.4
49.1
41.0
17.8
34.6
4.2
67.4
34.8
15.6
26.6
3.3
41.2
48.3
66.3
29.3
3.9
50.7
3.9
95.7
55.6
6.7
35.2
4.0
88.3
54.4
3.1
39.4
3.8
88.1
40.8
4.8
32.3
5.6
104.8
45.6
3.2
40.7
4.0
90.6
39.8
8.6
10.1
15.1
4.1
2.7
73.3
12.4
5.4
2.5
62.8
15.0
9.0
4.3
3.2
75.0
12.9
7.1
5.9
4.3
65.6
11.4
5.7
2.7
80.0
181.2
19.6
5.3
108.2
14.1
129.3
17.4
4.6
116.3
18.3
128.3
20.9
7.9
115.8
16.8
16.0
66.2
6.2
6.0
16.3
18.3
4.1
240.4
27.4
26.0
7.5
301.2
26.3
18.8
23.0
7.5
298.7
25.5
313.8
27.4
27.6
5.9
21.3
65.0
28.4
32.6
8.3
10.5
93.0
24.3
35.4
7.6
10.3
81.6
26.4
5.0
115.8
28.8
15.2
12.5
4.0
122.9
40.6
26.3
15.8
12.8
4.7
2.4
63.9
7.8
20.1
21.1
4.4
2.8
77.0
15.1
126.8
17.1
5.3
11.6
160.7
20.1
6.6
11.0
16.6
6.4
97.5
14.5
10.0
19.3
67.2
6.9
6.5
4.2
16.7
62.3
5.2
6.9
4.3
17.0
73.3
4.3
5.6
3.3
19.3
99.4
11.3
21.8
17.9
112.3
15.7
54.1
4.7
4.9
3.6
12.8
88.3
7.1
.7
122.6
.6
86.0
43.1
7.1
41.7
2.4
106.1
10.3
1.3
40.2
55.9
5.3
43.8
2.6
22.8
88.9
24.4
21.6
12.7
3.5
6.2
30.6
6.7
66.5
84.1
27.8
18.2
20.9
7.9
275.2
25.6
23.6
6.3
318.7
15.1
30.9
20.2
236.8
292.2
77.5
3, 500. 6
313.0
190.6
224.6
72.7
3,055. 5
261.9
328.6
82.4
220.9
948.8
321.3
390.6
68.9
133.8
948.0
252.4
10.6
45.5
1,362. 6
375.5
212.9
149.3
38.2
1,240.0
419.5
160.5
134.8
15.5
31.2
.9
35.5
31.5
172.1
327.3
30.7
479.3
469.5
169.1
250.5
29.2
448.7
440.5
64.5
867.3
449.8
54.5
385.2
38.9
933.4
390.7
54.2
302.0
35.1
111.8
63.2
32.7
763.3
134.5
78.5
60.2
30.1
727.4
88.4
1,453.4
194.3
37.2
1,093.7
121.3
21.1
6.1
3.6
8.3
83.3
37.0
6.6
3.5
233.0
33.1
19.3
11.3
4.5
136.2
33.4
18.5
12.6
5.9
113.6
33.7
16.8
14.6
19.8
29.3
4.4
48.3
12.2
13.5
69.6
27.3
3.9
110.6
30.4
17.4
29.6
2.9
39.4
47.4
4.1
35.8
50.3
83.3
51.5
3.9
31.1
4.5
78.9
61.1
7.3
32.4
4.7
2.9
23.1
1.5
11.8
17.1
13.5
2.5
76.7
8.3
5.4
3.8
3.4
62.6
9.6
145.7
26.3
4.6
98.2
13.2
122.5
22.7
5.6
102.7
17.6
14.4
22.6
1, 529.1
231.7
45.2
1,116. 5
180.9
22.7
74.8
7.4
7.5
2.4
18.4
65.7
4.6
9.3
3.6
36.2
12.9
47.7
3.7
5.4
3.4
197.9
697.5
55.0
74.0
35.6
138.9
749.3
48.8
63.4
36.4
20.0
24.5
103.7
16.7
25.8
102.4
20.8
15.1
97.6
14.2
233.0
1,196. 3
159.4
1.1
12.6
38.5
36.2
35.0
502.9
179.3
1,013. 4
113.5
15.6
385.2
45.8
6.4
46.7
3.1
34.8
28.3
6.4
28.2
2.9
440.4
81.1
421.0
29.0
68.8
6.6
40.4
2.9
44.3
23.9
128.0
15.9
.5
47.3
108.1
16.3
2.7
58.1
45.4
7.1
38.7
3.5
36.6
7.3
46.2
2.3
37.5
13.6
42.4
3.1
.9
20.8
33.1
5.3
308.1
37.9
12.1
.7
21.0
121.8
68.6
4.5
6.6
4.1
.6
11.1
44.1
2.0
22.1
1.6
78.7
335.3
80.8
457.8
2 Comprised of 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in 1950 Census.
Soubce: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
21.1
852
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
T able F-6.
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by ownership and location,
and construction co st1
Number of new dwelling units started
Period
Total
Privately Publicly
owned
owned
1950......................................................
1951__________________________
1952......................................................
1953......................................................
1954__________________________
1955__________________________
1956............................. .......................
1957......................................................
1958 ...................................................
1,396,000
1,091,300
1,127,000
1,103,800
1, 220,400
1,328,900
1,118,100
1,041.900
1,209, 400
1,352,200
1,020,100
1,068, 500
1,068,300
1, 201, 700
1,309, 500
1,093, 900
992,800
1,141, 500
1954: First quarter........ ............ .
Second quarter,.....................
Third quarter____________
Fourth quarter......................
1955: First quarter...........................
Second quarter___________
Third quarter____________
Fourth quarter___________
1956: First quarter_____________
January................. ..............
February..............................
M arch._____ __________
Second quarter............... .......
A p r il...................................
M ay__ ____ ___________
June___________________
Third quarter........ ............ __
July......................................
A u g u st________________
September......................... .
Fourth quarter....................
O ctober........................ .
November................. .........
December______________
1957: First quarter_____________
January________________
February______________
March_________________
Second quarter___________
A pril__________________
M ay__________________
June______ ____ ________
Third quarter____________
J u l y . . . ................................
A ugust.................................
September_____________
Fourth quarter______ ____
October_____ _____ _____
November_____________
December______________
1958: First quarter_____________
January_______________
February.............................
March.......... ............ ...........
Second quarter................... .
A pril._________________
M ay___________________
June............................ .........
Third quarter_________
July.......................................
August________________
September_____________
Fourth quarter.................... .
October...............................
November_____________
December______________
1959: First quarter 3_____ _____
January__________
February 4_____ . . . . . .
March 3___________ ____
Second quarter___________
A pril3 _____
. . . . .
M ay 3_________________
236,800
332, 700
346,000
304, 900
291,300
404,100
362,300
271, 200
252,100
75,100
78,400
98,600
332,500
111, 400
113, 700
107,400
298,900
101,100
103,900
93, 900
234, 600
93,600
77,400
63,600
217,000
64,200
65,800
87,000
296,600
93, 700
103,000
99,900
289, 700
97,800
100,000
91,900
238, 600
97,000
78, 200
63,400
215, 400
67,900
66,100
81,400
320, 600
99,100
108,500
113, 000
357,800
112,800
124,000
121, 000
315, 600
115,000
109,400
91,200
301, 500
87,000
94, 500
120, 000
137,000
134,000
1
Metro Nonmetro North North
politan
politan
east Central South
places
places
West
Total
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
43,800 1,021,600
71,200
776,800
58, 500
794,900
35,500
803,500
18, 700
896,900
19.400
975, 800
24,200
779,800
49,100
699, 700
67,900
827, 000
374,000
314, 500
332,100
300,300
323, 500
353,100
338,300
342, 200
382,400
(*)
(2)
(3)
(2)
243,100
273,100
228,800
195, 500
210,900
(2)
<2)
(>)
(2)
325, 800
356,000
303,100
258, 400
289, 600
(»)
(2)
(2)
(2)
359, 700
389,000
334,200
346,300
413,300
$11, 788, 595 $11,418,371
(»)
9,800, 892
9,186,123
(2)
10, 208,983
9, 706, 276
(2)
10,488,003 10,181,185
(2)
291,800 12, 478, 237 12.309, 200
310, 800 14, 544,647 14,345,829
252,000 13,077,027 12,814, 776
241, 700 12, 693,995 12,126, 800
295, 600 14, 499, 360 13, 678, 459
$370, 224
614; 769
502; 707
306; 818
169', 037
198; 818
262, 251
567; 195
820,901
232,200
326,500
339,300
303, 700
288,000
397,000
357,800
266, 700
244,600
73,700
77,000
93,900
325,300
109,900
110,800
104, 600
292,900
99,000
103, 200
90,700
231,100
91,200
77,000
62,900
202,500
60,100
63,100
79,300
282,800
91,400
96,900
94, 500
280,900
93, 900
96,800
90, 200
226,600
88,400
76, 700
62,500
201,200
62, 900
61,000
77,300
296,800
94, 200
101, 300
101, 300
334,100
108,600
114, 600
110, 900
309, 400
112, 900
107,000
89, 500
294,600
84,100
93, 500
117, 000
4,600
6,200
6,700
1,200
3,300
7,100
4, 500
4.500
7.500
1,400
1,400
4,700
7,200
1,500
2,900
2,800
6,000
2,100
700
3,200
3,500
2,400
400
700
14,500
4,100
2,700
7,700
13,800
2,300
6,100
5,400
8,800
3,900
3,200
1,700
12,000
8,600
2,500
900
14, 200
5, 000
5,100
4,100
23, 800
4,900
7,200
11, 700
23, 700
4,200
9, 400
10,100
6,200
2,100
2,400
1,700
6,900
2,900
1,000
3,000
174,300
244,000
252,800
225,800
221. 800
294,800
263, 400
195.800
183.800
54,300
57,600
71,900
228,300
76,200
77,600
74,500
202,900
69, 700
70,900
62,300
164, 800
64, 900
54,800
45,100
149.100
44, 000
46,600
58,500
200,300
63,500
68,200
68.600
192, 600
63,400
67,700
61,500
157, 700
61,800
52,500
43, 400
143, 700
44,500
44,400
54,800
218,100
67,400
73,900
76, 800
248, 400
80,600
82,800
85, 000
216, 800
79,100
73,900
63,800
204,800
61, 900
61, 600
81,300
62,500
88,700
93, 200
79,100
69, 500
109,300
98, 900
75,400
68,300
20,800
20,800
26,700
104, 200
35,200
36,100
32,900
96,000
31,400
33,000
31,600
69,800
28,700
22,600
18,500
67,900
20,200
19,200
28.500
96,300
30,200
34,800
31,300
97,100
34,400
32,300
30,400
80,900
35,200
25.700
20,000
71, 700
23, 400
21, 700
26, 600
102, 500
31, 700
34, 600
36, 200
109,400
32, 200
41, 200
36,000
98,800
35,900
35,500
27, 400
96,700
25,100
32,900
38, 700
47,400
67,300
72,500
55,900
63,100
89,100
75,400
55, 500
45, 700
12,400
14, 400
18,900
72,300
23, 400
24,700
24,200
61, 800
21,800
20,800
19,200
49,000
20,100
16, 500
12, 400
33,800
9,300
9,700
14,800
60, 700
19,900
20,900
19,900
57,900
19,200
21,800
16,900
43,100
19,500
13,800
9, 800
27, 300
8,000
7,000
12, 300
63,800
18, 900
23, 400
21, 500
65, 800
19,600
22,200
24,000
54, 000
19,900
20,800
13,300
52. 700
98, 400
97,800
76,900
63, 400
116,600
108,000
68, OCX)
58,200
15, 700
16,400
26,100
98,100
33,600
33,300
31, 200
87,200
29, 900
29,200
28,100
59,600
26,200
19,200
14, 200
46,800
10,700
14,000
22,100
77, 200
23, 700
25,700
27,800
79,300
27,000
27,300
25,000
55,100
24, 200
17, 400
13, 500
40,300
11,100
11, 200
18,000
79, 400
25, 700
27,000
26,700
91, 600
28,600
30, 700
32, 300
78,300
31, 800
28, 900
17, 600
77,600
90,900
99,900
91,300
95,900
109, 700
99, 400
84,000
83,200
27, 200
26,800
29,200
93,200
31,100
32, 800
29,300
86,500
27,700
30, 700
28,100
71,300
27,500
22, 700
21,100
80,000
26,000
24.600
29,400
92,800
28,100
33,700
31,000
91,200
31,500
31,000
28,700
82.300
30,100
28,200
24,000
88,100
28, 700
28,700
30, 700
103,300
33,000
32, 600
37, 700
117,900
36,200
42, 400
39,300
104, 000
36,300
34, 600
33,100
59,100
76.100
75,800
80, 800
78,900
88, 700
79,600
63, 700
65,000
19,800
20,800
24,400
68,900
23,300
22,900
22, 700
63, 400
21, 700
23,200
18,500
54, 700
19,800
19,000
15,900
56,400
18, 200
17, 500
20, 700
65,900
22, 000
22,700
21,200
61,300
20,100
19,900
21,300
58,100
23, 200
18, 800
16,100
59,700
20,100
19,200
20, 400
74,100
21, 500
25, 500
27,100
82, 500
28, 400
28, 700
25,400
79, 300
27,000
25,100
27,200
13,000
15,100
(2)
14,100
15,400
(2)
34,100
40, 600
(2)
133, 200
130,600
3,800
3,400
96,000
92,700
41,000
41,300
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
E x c lu d e s tem p o r a r y u n its , c o n v e r sio n s, d o r m ito r y a c c o m m o d a tio n s,
trailers, an d m ilita r y barracks; in c lu d e s p refa b rica ted h o u sin g if p e r m a n e n t.
T h e s e e s tim a te s are b a se d on (1) m o n th ly b u ild in g -p e r m it reports a d ju ste d
for la p se d p e r m its a n d for lag b e tw e e n p e r m it is s u a n c e a n d th e sta r t of c o n
s tr u c tio n , (2) c o n tin u o u s fie ld s u r v e y s in n o n p e r m it-is s u in g p la ce s, a n d (3)
reports of p u b lic c o n str u c tio n co n tra ct aw ard s.
P r iv a te c o n str u c tio n co sts are b a se d on p e r m it v a lu a tio n a d ju s te d for
u n d e r sta te m e n t of co sts sh o w n on p e r m it a p p lic a tio n s . P u b lic co n str u c tio n
oosts are b a se d on c o n tr a c t v a lu e s or e s tim a te d c o n s tr u c tio n co sts for in d i
v id u a l p rojects.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Estimated construction c o st1
(in thousands)
Location
25,800
23,400
(2)
2, 240,448
3, 454, 571
3, 590,366
3,192, 852
3,076,198
4, 416, 285
4, 025, 441
3,026, 723
2,846,008
814,448
887,138
1,144,422
3,923, 607
1,309,175
1,346,587
1, 267, 845
3, 532,193
1. 201,139
1, 227, 269
1,103, 785
2, 775, 219
1,103,963
930,642
740,614
2, 609,458
752,234
784,019
1,073,205
3, 645, 531
1,152,166
1, 264,385
1, 228, 980
3, 535, 278
1,198,141
1, 207, 763
1,129,374
2,903, 728
1,195,309
946,481
761, 938
2, 545, 836
792, 338
781,091
972,407
3, 887,966
1,192, 669
1,323,709
1,371, 588
4,298,122
1,362,890
1,466,281
1, 468, 951
3, 767,436
1, 405,196
1,298, 532
1, 063; 708
3,509,824
986,589
1,084,835
1, 438,400
2,199,446
3, 398, 898
3, 628, 471
3,182, 385
3,043, 959
4, 349, 159
3, Q8i; 182
2, 971, 529
2, 761, 446
800, 665
871, 700
1,089,081
3, 844,192
1, 293,488
1,312, 890
1,237,814
3, 471, 787
1,179, 266
1, 222, 281
1,070, 240
2, 737; 351
1,078,142
925,991
733, 218
2,432,406
704,917
751, 813
975,676
3,479, 262
1,123,385
1,191, 789
1,164; 088
3, 443,443
1,154, 771
1,176,600
1,112; 072
2, 771,689
1,098,140
921,444
752,105
2,381,075
' 737', 414
718; 862
924, 799
3, 606; 142
1,136, 659
1,237, 717
1,231,766
3; 998; 531
1,31i; 702
1, 346,297
1,340, 532
3; 692', 711
1,378,326
1,269,279
i; 045; 106
3,431,924
954, 384
1,073; 540
1; 404; 000
41,002
55,673
61,895
10,467
32,239
67’ 126
44, 259
55,194
84, 562
13 783
15,438
55, 341
79, 415
15,687
33,697
30 031
60, 406
21 873
4, 988
33, 545
37,868
25,821
4,651
7,396
177,052
47,317
32,206
97, 529
166, 269
28, 781
72, 596
64, 892
91,835
43,370
31,163
17,302
132 039
07, 160
25,037
0 833
164, 761
54, 924
62, 229
4L 608
281,824
56 010
85, 992
139,822
299, 591
51,188
119,984
128, 419
74, 725
26 870
20 253
18, 602
77,900
32,205
11,295
34, 400
(2)
(2)
1,646,079
1,612,039
1,598,400
1,567,200
47, 679
44,839
* N o t a v a ila b le .
3P r e lim in a r y .
4R e v is e d .
N o t e : F o r a d e sc r ip tio n of th e s e series, see T e c h n iq u e s o f P r ep a rin g
M a jo r B L S S ta tis tic a l Series, B L S B u ll. 1168 (1964).
S o t je c e : U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, B u r e a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s .
G.—WORK INJURIES
853
G.—Work Injuries
T able
G—1.
Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries
1959 2
Industry
All manufacturing...........................................................
Food and kindred products:
Meat packing and custom slaughtering...............
Sausages and other prepared meat products____
Poultry and small game dressing and packing__
Dairy products______________________________
Canning and preserving______________________
Grain-mill products________________ _________
Bakery products..___________________________
Cane sugar__________________________________
Confectionery and related products................. .......
Bottled soft drinks........................... ................. .........
M alt and malt liquors........ ....................— ..............
Distilled liquors_____________________________
Miscellaneous food products__________________
Textile-mill products:
Cotton yarn and textiles............. ...............................
Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles_______
Woolen and worsted textiles__________________
Knit goods____ _ _______ __________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles__________________
Miscellaneous textile goods______ ______ _______
Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’____________________
Clothing, women’s and children’s . . ........... ............
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel___________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products_______
Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging...........................................................................
Sawmills and planing mills___________________
Millwork and structural wood products............
Plywood mills_______________________________
Wooden containers___________________________
Miscellaneous wood products____________ ____ _
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal____ ___________
M etal household furniture____________________
Mattresses and bedsprings____________________
Office furniture________________ _____________
Public-building and professional furniture______
Partitions and fixtures________________________
Screens, shades, and blinds___________________
Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills_____________
Paperboard containers and boxes______________
Miscellaneous paper and allied products_______
Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals___________________
Bookbinding and related products_____________
Miscellaneous printing and publishing..................
Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals_________________
Plastics, except synthetic rubber_____________
Synthetic rubber________ ________________ _
Synthetic fibers______ _ ________ ______ _ . .
Explosives__________________________________
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals_____
Drugs and medicines_________________________
Soap and related products____________________
Paints, pigments, and related products.................
Fertilizers___________________________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats............. ............
Compressed and liquefied gases_______________
Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products____
Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes________________________
Rubber footwear...___________ _______________
Miscellaneous rubber produ cts..._____________
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing.____ ___________
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings_________
Footwear (except rubber)_____________________
Miscellaneous leather products________________
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products______________________
Structural clay produ cts...........................................
Pottery and related products_____ ____ ________
Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool______ ____
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products........
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1958 1
1957
Annual
average
First quarter
Fourth Third
quar quar quar
ter
ter
ter
First Fourth Third Second First
quar quar quar quar quar
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
1958 1 1957
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Quar
ter
10.7
10.8
11.0
10.8
10.5
11.5
10.4
10.4
10.4
12.0
11.7
11.6
10.7
11.4
28.4
20.3
(3)
15.6
16.1
17.5
15.7
11.7
11.9
17.4
20.3
7.5
14.4
21.8
15.9
(3)
18.7
17.8
14.8
15.0
11.9
10.3
18.0
13.0
9.9
13.7
30.2
27.7
0
14.9
22.1
14.9
14.0
12.0
10.3
24.4
14.2
7.6
13.2
26.6
21.4
38.0
16.3
18.6
15.8
14.9
11.9
10.9
20.0
15.8
8.4
13.7
25.1
20.2
52.7
16.8
17.4
14.5
17.2
13.2
13.4
18.9
14.2
6.3
12.9
26.4
27.7
59.5
19.2
20.0
17.0
17.0
11.9
14.3
27.9
17.0
6.5
14.2
23.2
19.2
38.8
14.6
19.4
14.3
14.4
12.1
10.6
23.3
16.2
7.2
11.8
20. 5
23.6
33.6
16.6
17.0
10.3
16.3
16.1
14.3
18.2
13.5
7.1
11.9
20 6
21 5
35.7
15.5
15.7
13.3
16. 2
19 3
13 7
19. 5
16.0
7 1
14 9
21.6
21.4
41.7
18.8
24.2
19.7
16.2
17.1
15.6
25.1
17.0
7.1
16.3
20.6
24.0
41.1
17.9
21.3
12.9
16.2
15.8
12.2
23.3
16.1
9.4
14.9
21.1
20.8
28.2
15.7
20.1
15.0
16.8
17. 2
12.2
21.2
18.5
8 8
17.1
23.8
22.5
45.8
16.8
19.4
14.0
16.3
13.4
13.2
22.3
15.4
6.7
12.7
21 0
22 0
37.1
17.0
20. 8
15.4
16.4
17 4
13 4
22.4
16.9
80
15. 8
7.1
6.0
16.8
6.0
9.6
15.1
7.0
8.4
18.4
7.8
13.8
13.2
7.8
7.6
17.7
5.9
11.1
11.6
7.3
7.3
17.6
6.5
11.5
13.3
7.2
7.3
14.8
4.7
14.8
9.7
7.9
7.0
18.9
5.9
16.0
13.1
6.7
6.3
16.0
4. 5
13.9
12.6
7.2
6.3
15.7
7.0
14. 7
8.6
74
70
15.8
5. 2
12 3
13 0
8.6
9.1
18.5
7.1
14.4
16.0
8.9
7.4
17.7
5.7
16.6
14.4
7.9
8.4
19.9
5.3
12.0
16.4
7.3
6.8
16.3
5.6
14.8
10.9
8 2
80
18.1
58
13 9
15.0
4.8
4.9
6.4
9.5
7.0
4.1
10.7
11.2
5.2
6.1
7.4
13.3
5.7
5.1
8.1
11.3
5.2
4.3
6.0
9.3
5.1
5.5
9.9
14.0
5.6
5.5
7.7
10.3
6.4
4. 9
5.6
11.5
5.2
4 1
59
8 1
7.1
5.6
9.8
8.8
7.0
5.4
9. 7
11.3
7.1
5.4
7.4
9.4
5.5
5.1
7.3
11.2
6.6
5 1
8 2
9 4
69.5
37.7
22.9
25.7
35.9
26.5
66.1
40.2
19.3
20.1
30.2
30.9
55.0
38.2
22.2
28.1
32.8
25.4
64.1
38.7
21.5
24.8
33.0
27.5
64.0
38.8
24.2
23.0
26.0
28.1
74.5
42.6
26.1
25.8
29.9
25.1
66.3
40.9
19.4
23.3
27.2
24.8
60.8
38.3
21.9
20.8
24.7
22.5
61.3
36. 9
20.1
28.1
23 3
26 1
60.7
42.7
23.6
21.9
32.4
27.4
62.8
41.1
21.8
22.0
28. 5
30. 5
64.4
40.4
21.6
23.9
29.0
30.9
66.7
40.3
23.1
23.1
27.2
25.1
62.3
40. 4
21.8
23.9
28. 4
28.8
16.3
15.0
12.3
13.7
(3)
13.9
(3)
16.0
13.0
11.9
21.5
(3)
18.6
(3)
21.1
10.3
20.1
14.2
0
17.1
0
17.8
12.7
14.8
16.4
17.4
16.5
15.0
15.8
14. 2
22.1
13.6
13.7
18.4
15.7
17.7
17.1
13.9
18.0
16.3
19.9
14.6
16.1
12.6
15.2
15.7
14.6
15.6
18.4
17.0
11.7
12.5
13.4
12.2
15.2
11.3
16.8
12. 8
10.6
15.9
17. 9
18.3
19.2
21.2
19.7
13.0
15.8
16.8
20.8
18.6
17.3
12.2
15.4
18.1
20.0
20.3
16.4
19.0
14.4
16.7
15.9
10.4
16.6
22.6
16.7
13.8
15.7
14.8
14.2
17.2
15.0
18. 5
14. 7
14.0
16.5
16.3
19.0
19.3
9.5
13.2
10.4
9.9
16.8
12.1
10.3
17.1
12.0
9.9
15.7
11.4
9.4
14.8
8.9
10.3
14.6
11.4
8.6
12.0
9.9
9.7
12.9
8.7
10. 2
13. 8
11.7
11.6
15.9
14.2
9.9
16.7
12.6
10.8
13.6
14.2
9.4
13.7
9.7
10.6
15.0
13.2
10.1
(3)
8.7
10.1
(3)
8.1
9.2
0
7.9
9.9
11.9
8.3
8.4
10.1
7.1
8.9
8.4
7.0
8.7
8.5
7.2
9.3
11.4
7.4
9. 5
10.6
8. 7
8.3
15.0
9.1
9. 5
15.9
8.2
8.8
10.1
9.7
8.8
9.6
7.1
9.1
12.9
8.9
6.1
3.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
3.3
6.3
7.3
9.8
(3)
30.0
(3)
16.6
3.7
4.1
(3)
0
0
4.1
7.1
6.1
8.9
0
30.7
0
12.8
3.3
5.4
0
0
0
4.3
7.3
6.5
9.1
0
22.1
0
15.3
4.4
4.4
2.3
1.7
1.7
4.0
6.9
6.6
9.2
15.0
27.7
6.1
14.9
4.8
3.8
2.1
3.6
1.6
3.4
7.2
8.1
7.5
11.6
26.5
10.4
13.8
4.9
5.1
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.7
7.2
7.6
11.3
11.5
28.0
8.7
14.9
3.8
4.0
1.4
2.4
1.6
4.1
6.0
7.7
12.8
14.4
25.3
14.4
13.4
4.4
4.1
3.1
2.8
2.4
3.7
7.6
6.1
10.8
14.4
24.8
12.3
14.6
4.0
4. 7
1. 2
3.0
2.6
3.3
6.8
7.3
9.9
16.0
24.3
5.7
11.5
4.8
4.4
3.1
2.1
1.3
3.4
6.9
8.2
11.5
20.3
24.2
10.4
14.8
4.9
4.7
1.2
3.4
1.5
5.4
6. 5
8.0
8.9
12.4
27.8
8.0
15.9
4.0
5.1
3.2
3.4
1.9
2.8
8.1
7.3
10.4
15.0
22.4
13.3
15.3
4.5
4.3
2.3
2.8
2.2
3.7
7.0
7.4
10.6
13.2
26.3
11.4
14.4
4.4
4.7
2.2
3.0
1.8
3.7
7.1
7.7
10.1
15. 5
24.5
9.3
14.4
2.6
3.9
10.0
2.4
9.6
10.3
2.4
3.4
9.1
2.5
5.5
9.8
3.2
3.7
7.6
3.0
5.4
11.7
3.3
5.9
10.4
2.6
3.9
8.5
2.8
5.5
9.5
2.9
7.2
10.0
3.3
5.9
8.9
3.6
6.6
12.5
3.1
4.7
9.5
3.2
6.2
10.3
26.2
(3)
10.3
13.9
24.3
0
8.2
11.6
30.4
0
11.0
13.5
27.0
19.7
9.9
12.9
21.3
22.7
8.8
8.8
22.0
0
9.7
10.2
23.5
0
8.0
11.1
25.8
0
9.2
9.4
23.6
0
8.7
11.9
28.4
0
9.8
9.7
23.2
0
9.3
13.4
25.4
0
8.1
14.2
23.1
16.8
8.9
10.0
25.1
17.3
8.9
12.3
11.9
34.3
16.6
14.9
14.8
13.1
37.6
18.8
24.5
15.9
10.5
26.8
11.1
20.7
18.1
11.7
32.7
15.4
20.0
16.2
10.1
37.0
15.8
21.8
17.2
10.8
34.7
16.9
26.7
11.2
9.0
31.7
17.5
21.4
12.1
9.4
30.9
12.0
17.3
12.8
9.4
29.7
11.7
19.2
11.5
9.5
39.1
15.2
25.1
12.0
8.0
30.2
17.7
23.7
13.1
9.3
29.3
13.3
21.5
13.9
10.0
34.0
15.4
21.8
13.4
9.0
32.2
14.6
22.4
12.7
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1959
854
T able
G -l.
Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries—Continued
Industry
Primary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel m ills .._ ---------- ---------Gray-iron and malleable foundries________ . . .
Steel foundries----- -------------- ------------------Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying--------Nonferrous foundries----------------------- ------------Iron and steel forgings________________________
Wire drawing____ - . . - - -------------------------Welded and heavy-riveted pipe_______________
Cold-finished steel.. . ----------------------------------Fabricated metal products:
Tin cans and other tinw are.. ------------------------Cutlery and edge tools-----------------------------Hand tools, files, and saws-----------------------------Hardware____ _____ . . . . . -- -------------Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies----- -----Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus-----Structural steel and ornamental metal work-----Boiler-shop products----- --------------------------------Sheet-metal work------------------------------------------Stamped and pressed metal products---------------Metal coating and engraving--------------------------Fabricated wire products---- ------ -------------------Metal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails---------------Steel sp rin g s________________________________
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets----------------------Screw-machine products---- -- . . . . . ----- ----Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified...
Machinery (except electrical):
Engines and tu rb in es------ ------ -------- -----Agricultural machinery and tractors.. ----------Construction and mining machinery.................—
Metalworking machinery-------------------------------Food-products machinery------ --------- --------------Textile machinery----------- . . . . ------------Miscellaneous special-industry machinery--------Pumps and compressors----------- ---------------------Elevators, escalators, and conveyors----------------Mechanical power-transmission equipment (except ball and roller bearings)----- --------- ------Miscellaneous general industrial machinery____
Commercial and household machinery-------------Valves and fittings---------- ---------------------------Fabricated pipe and fittings---------------------------Ball and roller bearings----------------------------------Machine shops, general_________________ ____
Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus---------- . . . . ---Electrical appliances-------------------------------------Insulated wire and cable----------- --------- -----------Electrical equipment for vehicles--------------------Electric lamps (bulbs)-----------------------------Radios and related products---------------------------Radio tubes------ --------- - ------------- ------ -----Miscellaneous communication equipment-------Batteries------------- ----------------- -------------------Electrical products, not elsewhere classified-----Transportation equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and tra ilers---------------M o to r -v e h ic le p a rts a n d a c c e s s o r ie s ..------- ----------A ir c r a ft_____________________ - - - .......................................
A ircraft p a r ts ______ . ------- -------------------------------S h ip b u ild in g a n d r e p a ir in g ........ ................................... ..
B o a t b u ild in g a n d r e p a ir in g ---------------------------------R a ilr o a d e q u ip m e n t ---------- ---------------------------------I n s tr u m e n ts an d r e la te d p r o d u c ts:
S c ie n tific in s t r u m e n t s ----------- ------- --------------------M e c h a n ic a l m e a s u r in g a n d c o n tr o llin g in str u m e n t s _____________ . . . ------------------------------------O p tic a l in s tr u m e n ts a n d le n s e s --------------------------M e d ic a l in s tr u m e n ts a n d s u p p lie s ____________ . .
P h o to g r a p h ic e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s ___________
W a tc h e s an d c lo c k s_______________________________
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g :
P a v in g a n d roofin g m a te r ia ls -------------------------------J e w e lr y , silv e r w a r e , a n d p la te d w a r e ........................
F a b r ic a te d p la s tic s p r o d u c ts ______________________
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g _________ . . . --------O r d n a n ce a n d a c c e sso r ie s---------------------------------------
First quarter
Fourth Third Second First Fourth Third Second First
quar quar quar quar quar quar quar
Quar quar
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
1958»
1957
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
4.4
24.6
15.0
10.4
18.7
13.9
5.2
8.8
11.3
3.6
25.5
16.2
10.9
19.6
15.7
13.4
11.5
6.5
3.5
23.5
22.0
10.1
19.6
14.8
12.5
5.5
10.2
3.8
24.5
18.0
10.5
19.2
14.8
10.4
8.5
9.4
3.9
20.7
14.8
8.1
20.7
13.2
13.8
10.3
7.4
3.6
24.7
17.3
10.3
15.1
13.8
13.7
10.3
11.2
3.5
21.1
13.7
10.3
17.7
12.7
11.9
11.9
6.7
3.6
22.3
14.6
9.2
18.2
16.5
10.4
10.6
6.6
3.9
21.9
17.2
8.8
16.0
14.9
12.7
11.1
9.3
3.9
26.8
19.1
10.4
18.1
18.0
9.6
11.5
10.9
4.4
26.8
21.5
10.9
17.1
16.3
13.7
12.2
10.8
4.1
24.7
24.3
9.7
20.1
20.3
12.4
12.8
11.6
3.6
22.4
15.0
9.5
18.1
14.0
12.4
10.8
7.9
4.0
25.1
20.7
10.0
17.9
17.5
12.2
12.0
10.7
3.9
0
22.8
9.7
15.1
15.4
16.0
9.2
17.8
21.2
9.9
0
18.5
5.3
(3)
14.6
7.8
18.7
15.6
22.9
14.8
15.3
15.3
9.6
(3)
(3)
5.5
6.8
14.4
8.1
9.8
16.4
19.9
16.2
18.1
18.4
9.7
19.2
15.1
(0
19.6
12.8
10.2
10.6
7.0
12.7
16.2
7.7
11.1
12.6
20.6
15.6
20.4
20.3
10.2
19.7
18.5
(3)
(3)
7.0
00
15.7
8.3
17.2
16.2
19.5
17.7
16.0
23.6
8.0
(3)
15.3
00
(3)
12.7
9.4
10.1
4.9
13.2
16.7
7.3
10.7
12.5
19.9
12.5
18.5
20.4
8.1
24.0
13.4
(3)
(3)
10.3
8.5
11.4
5.2
11.3
14.0
6.7
13.5
14.8
22.4
15.0
21.0
20.4
8.6
19.6
18.3
0
18.3
12.0
9.9
13.3
5.1
12.5
14.2
7.7
9.2
13.4
17.8
15.9
19.9
18.0
9.4
19.7
17.8
10.8
19.2
13.1
13.4
13.3
7.5
17.0
13.1
8.8
12.9
16.1
22.5
20.1
23.4
21.7
11.8
22.6
16.7
14.3
20.8
11.6
13.6
11.3
6.0
13.1
17.0
7.4
13.2
15.2
22.6
14.0
24.9
19.0
11.2
22.2
18.5
9.5
18.2
9.9
13.6
11.7
6.6
13.2
17.9
7.1
9.4
13.1
23.2
13.8
23.8
24.5
9.6
22.5
18.3
13.9
19.0
11.5
13.8
11.6
5.7
11.0
15.2
7.4
11.4
14.2
20.7
14.8
19.9
20.0
9.2
20.4
16.4
14.5
20.8
12.0
9.5
11.4
6.3
13.9
15.7
7.7
11.2
14.4
21.6
15.9
23.0
20.8
10.4
21.8
17.8
12.1
19.2
11.5
13.6
12.0
7.6
7.6
11.2
7.9
8.7
9.2
8.1
7.3
12.6
8.0
11.4
9.2
7.7
8.2
10.7
7.5
8.7
9.6
7.7
8.9
12.4
8.0
10.2
10.4
7.1
8.1
11.9
7.8
8.1
12.2
6.6
7.6
13.7
9.5
14.7
14.0
7.6
9.0
15.6
10.2
16.2
12.1
8.6
8.8
17.8
10.6
14.7
9.6
7.8
8.1
11.7
7.9
9.7
9.7
7.5
8.4
14.9
9.7
13.4
11.9
9.5
8.5
11.1
16.5
10.4
8.9
9.5
13.1
9.1
5.4
8.5
17.6
8.6
17.1
15.7
19.4
13.9
16.3
20.2
9.1
23.6
17.2
00
20.3
11.8
10.8
9.7
8.5
7.1
13.7
6.9
11.8
12.7
16.3
9.0
8.3
14.6
8.1
9.4
10.3
11.9
7.5
11.4
13.4
8.3
16.8
11.3
14.3
8.4
9.0
13.8
7.8
12.7
11.4
14.1
12.5
9.3
14.1
16.3
10.9
13.7
12.5
13.2
13.8
10.3
12.3
13.5
10.6
11.7
14.0
10.5
12.0
14.3
11.8
10.3
12.4
11.8
10.7
14.9
12.7
14.5
16.7
12.7
15.4
17.2
14.7
15.8
13.8
10.8
11.5
15.4
13. 0
14. 2
8.3
11.5
6 .0
12.4
9.7
9.7
4.6
10.1
11.4
11.7
6.8
11.9
9.8
11.0
5 .9
11.4
10.8
11.7
5 .4
10.6
8.8
10.4
5 .3
12.0
10.0
12.3
5.4
13.1
10.9
10.5
5 .3
13.5
11.8
12.3
6.2
15.7
13.3
13.7
6.2
15.6
13.2
16.1
7 .0
14.5
9.8
11.6
5 .4
12.1
(3)
8.6
13.5
00
5.7
15.1
18.9
5.9
13.3
12.5
8.0
12.3
13.4
9.2
10.6
11.2
8.0
11.1
17.3
8.5
11.8
20.4
9.3
16.1
16.3
8.3
15.0
16.8
8.5
15.1
12.9
8.1
11.4
12. 3
13.2
6.2
14. 8
(3)
15.0
7.3
11.9
9.7
11.7
5 .0
12.6
6.0
6.5
11.1
3.2
(3)
4.1
1.5
2.3
11.5
6.0
10.5
10.9
3.8
(3)
(3)
6.1
8.2
7.1
2.2
00
4.0
3.3
1. 5
12.7
00
6.0
8.4
9.8
3.1
3.2
4.0
2.1
2.3
11.5
3.5
5.2
6.2
10.8
3.1
4.5
3.8
2.4
2.3
12.8
2.6
5.2
5.0
11.8
4.1
2.5
4.0
1.9
3.4
14.8
5.7
4.8
5.0
13.1
3.6
2.9
3.2
2.2
2.6
11.3
4.3
4.8
4.9
7.9
4.0
2.6
4.0
1.9
3.1
11.6
5.2
4.5
5.6
10.9
3.3
3.1
4.1
1.7
2.1
13.2
5.2
5.5
7.5
11.8
4.1
2.5
4.9
1.6
2.4
12.0
5.2
5.8
6.4
11.8
4.7
3.7
4.7
1.5
2.6
10.9
5.3
5.8
4.9
12.8
3.4
3.2
4.2
3.1
3.2
12.5
4.7
5.0
5.2
10.8
3.7
3.1
3.8
2.1
2.9
12.6
4.4
4 .8
4 .8
4 .1
5 .7
4 .2
5 .5
2 .4
4 .1
1 5 .3
2 7 .5
4 .7
4 .2
16.2
3 1 .2
7 .1
4 .5
5 .2
2 .5
4 .6
15 .4
2 5 .8
6 .9
3 .0
4 .6
19 .3
2 8 .3
3 .0
4 .3
17 .5
3 4 .2
4 .3
6 .5
2 .4
4 .1
17.1
2 8 .4
3.5
11.1
(3)
17.8
(3)
3.7
1.6
3.1
10.3
(3)
(3)
4.1
4.7
4.7
4.5
4 .2
2 .9
3 .8
15 .2
2.6
4 .6
3 .0
16.5
4 .5
2 .5
4 .9
14.5
(3)
00
(3)
4 .0
1 3 .8
2 0 .7
7 .0
4 .8
5 .6
2 .9
4 .5
15.9
2 4 .6
8 .7
4 .5
6.1
6.2
4 .7
5 .3
17.7
8.6
14.5
5.4
6.1
11.8
3.9
3.1
4.5
2.0
2.6
12.1
5.1
4 .4
6.1
9 .5
6.0
4 .5
2 .7
4 .0
15 .4
2 3 .8
7 .6
7.1
8.3
6.8
8.5
7.4
2.1
4.4
4.5
3.7
3.7
4.1
5.9
3.9
5.1
4.5
5.2
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.5
(3)
6.8
5.0
(3)
6.3
00
8.5
4.9
(3)
6.9
00
10.9
6.1
(3)
6.2
4.3
8.8
5.3
2.8
5.7
3.8
8.8
6.4
3.6
5.5
5.0
6.4
5.8
4.5
5.5
5.5
9.6
5.6
5.2
6.9
6.8
9.4
4.4
4.4
5.7
4.5
5.6
5.6
6.4
6.3
4.6
8.4
6.4
5.1
6.8
6.2
7.0
6.3
4.7
6.5
5.2
6.7
6.3
6.1
6.0
5.2
8.5
5.5
4.4
6.3
5.1
6.9
6.1
5.6
(3)
00
7.9
14.5
14.9
3.6
6.0
7.2
16.4
13.0
.3 .7
6.1
9.0
13.4
11.9
3.0
8.8
7.3
11.1
13.5
3.4
6.6
5.8
13.3
11.2
3.2
8.4
6.4
15.5
12.9
3.2
10.1
6.8
14.7
12.4
3.2
6.5
9.0
17.3
15.1
4.1
6.4
7.6
13.8
13.0
5.2
11.0
7.3
12.3
11.4
4.6
7.6
7.1
13.4
12.4
3.1
8.4
7.6
14.4
12.9
4.2
7 .4
(3)
6.8
16.8
12.8
3.7
6.8
18.0
11.2
3.8
1 The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries
for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a)
results in death or permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured
worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job which is
open and available to him throughout the hours corresponding to his regular
shift on any one or more days after the day of injury (including Sundays, days
off, or plant shutdowns). The term “injury” includes occupational disease.
* Rates are preliminary and subject to revision when final annual data
become available.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual
average
1957
1958»
1959 2
2.8
2.8
2.8
4 .5
15.5
2 5 .6
2 .7
4 .3
1 7 .3
2 9 .8
7.7
3 Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
N o t e : These data are compiled in accordance with the American Standard
Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by
the American Standards Association, 1954.
Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is given in Techniques of '
Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Minn., January 1959. 16 pp. 20 cents.
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U n it e d S t a t e s
G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e
D I V IS IO N O F P U B L I C D O C U M E N T S
W a s h in g t o n 2 5 , D .C .
O FFIC IA L B U S IN E S S
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