Full text of Monthly Labor Review : July 1958, Vol. 81, No. 7

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Monthly
JULY 1 9 5 8

V O L . 81 N O .

Benefit Levels in Workmen’s Compensation
Paid Vacations in Union Contracts
Earnings in Electric and Gas Utilities
Effects of the Minimum Wage in Seven Areas

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
J am es P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E w an C lague,
H enry

Commissioner

F it z g e r a l d ,

B.

Assistant Commissioner

B yer,

Assistant Commissioner

D u a n e E vans,

Assistant Commissioner

H erm an

W.

J.

P h il ip A r n o w ,

Assistant Commissioner

Arnold E. Chase, Chief, Division of Construction Statistics
H. M. D outy, Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
J oseph P. G oldberg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
L eon Greenberg , Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard F. J ones, Chief, Office of Management
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Office of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbadm, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
F rank S. M cE lroy, Chief, Division of Industrial Hazards
H. E. R iley , Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
Abe R othman, Acting Chief, Office of Statistical Standards
Oscar W eioert, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
M orris W eisz, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
F aith M. W illiams, Chief, Office of Labor Economics
Seymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics

Regional Offices and Directors
NEW ENGLAND REGION
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60 Seventh Street N E .
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W ESTERN REGION
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V te o f fu n d s for p rin tin g th is p u b lica tio n approved by th e Director o f th e B ureau o f th e B u d g et (October 11, 1956),


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Monthly Labor Review
U N IT E D STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR

•

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Lawrence R. Klein, Editor-in-Chief
Mary S. Bedell, Executive Editor

CONTENTS
Special Articles
723
731
737

Benefit Levels in Workmen’s Compensation
Manpower Measures and the Secondary Labor Force
Effects of the $1 Minimum Wage in Seven Areas

Summaries of Studies and Reports
744
752
757
765

Paid Vacations in Major Union Contracts, 1957
Employment of June 1956 Women College Graduates
Earnings in Electric and Gas Utilities, September 1957
Wage Chronology No. 25: International Shoe Co.—
Supplement No. 2—1953-57

Technical Note
767

Relative Importance of CPI Components, 1957

Departments
in
756
776
771
777
779
786
793

THE FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE


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The Labor Month in Review
Conferences and Institutes, August 16 to September 15, 1958
Union Conventions, August 16 to September 15, 1958
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics

July 1958 . Voi. 8 1 . No. 7

A Timely Discussion!

THE STATUS OF LABOR IN A LA SK A
Five essays, written by experts on the new State, pre­
sent much-sought information. Part of a general study
of Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii, the Alaskan section
covers such topics as—
it

The Labor Force

it

Living Standards

it

The Federal Government as Employer

it

Labor Legislation

it

Industrial Relations

it

W ages andW orking Conditions

A limited number of this publication is available at 55
cents a copy.
Order as BLS Bulletin 1191 and send check or money order to any of the following Bureau of Labor Statistics
regional offices:
50 7th St. NE.
Atlanta 23, G a.

18 O liver St.
Boston 10, Mass.

105 West Adam s St.
Chicago 3, III.

341 9th A ve.
New York 1, N. Y.

630 Sansome St.
San Francisco 11, Calif.

or to the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.

ii


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The Labor Month
in Review

M any major labor matters were in a state of
abeyance or uncertainty as the second half of the
year began.
Presidents of two unions condemned by the
AFL-CIO for corruption—James R. HofFa of the
Teamsters and William V. Bradley of the Inter­
national Longshoremen’s Association—along with
a member of the AFL-CIO Ethical Practices Com­
mittee, Maritime Union President Joseph Curran,
on July 2 announced formation of the Conference
of Transportation Unity. The trio proposed
joint action, through the conference, of all trans­
portation unions to end jurisdiction disputes and
provide mutual assistance in collective bargaining.
As in August 1957, when Hoffa first suggested such
a venture, leaders of rail unions and the airline
pilots expressed disinterest. Harry Bridges, leftwing head of the West Coast longshore union, at
that time endorsed the idea, and more recently
entered into a mutual assistance pact with the
Teamsters.
The announcement followed a complex series
of conferences—all involving Hoffa—between vari­
ous maritime labor organizations on both coasts,
where interunion rivalries are intense. In addi­
tion, the Teamsters have entered into or renewed
mutual assistance agreements with such diverse
AFL-CIO unions as the Machinists, Meat Cutters,
Flight Engineers, Upholsterers, Carpenters, Oper­
ating Engineers, Office Employees, and Retail
Clerks (for whom Teamster aid was decisive in
settling a bogged down strike against Montgomery
Ward). Moves were made to end the 50-year-old
jurisdictional fight with the Brewery Workers.
Hoffa on June 23 was accquitted of Federal
charges that he and two others had illegally
tapped the telephones of union offices in Detroit.
At about the same time, the three monitors whom
a Federal judge placed in surveillance over the


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Teamsters moved to correct malpractices in several
locals of the union, ranging from improper finan­
cial practices to undemocratic procedures.
N egotiations in the auto industry were in
recess as of mid-July, with members of the United
Auto Workers employed in the major plants con­
tinuing on the job for the sixth week without a
contract, but not without a measure of discontent.
In Chrysler plants, unauthorized strikes over pro­
duction speed and alleged discrimination (in the
missile plant) against union members in assigning
overtime work have occurred intermittently since
expiration of the contract. The UAW has taken
strike votes in all General Motors, Ford, and
Chrysler locals, but high unemployment and large
inventories in the industry appear to make au­
thorized strike action unlikely.
Steel wages on July 1 were increased an average
of 13 cents an hour, according to estimates, com­
bining a 4-cent-an-hour cost-of-living allowance
and an average of 9 cents due as a contractual
wage increase.
Several contracts between various maritime
unions and representatives of Atlantic and Gulf
port shipowners were signed in mid-June. In­
volved were 40,000 crewmen on passenger ships,
freighters, and tankers represented by the National
Maritime Union, along with 3,500 radio personnel
and engineers. The latter two groups, members
of the American Radio Association and the Marine
Engineers Beneficial Association, conducted brief
strikes. No wage increases were granted, but all
agreements were for 3 years and provided for wage
reopenings, improved vacations and pensions, and
other fringe benefits. Similar agreement was
reached earlier by the Masters, Mates, and Pilots
and the Engineers with the Pacific Maritime
Association.
On June 19, the Seafarers’ International Union
won representation rights on the Liberian-flag
vessel Florida, owned by the Peninsular and
Occidental Steamship Co. Maritime unions have
long complained that American-owned vessels
of foreign registry hire alien seamen at lower
wage scales than American crews command. The
National Labor Relations Board, on petition of
the Seafarers, ruled that the ship came under
the Board’s jurisdiction.
In the subsequent

m

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

IV

election the largely Cuban crew voted 4 to 1
for the SIU.
Settlements in aircraft manufacture were vir­
tually completed with an agreement late in June
between the Machinists and Boeing Airplane Co.
covering 37,000 workers at the Seattle plant.
Wage increases ranged from 16 to 20 cents an
hour and were retroactive to May 22; another
3-percent increase is due in May 1959. In addi­
tion to fringe benefit improvements in the 2-year
contract, the parties established wage determina­
tion and performance analysis committees.
conventions of several unions took im­
portant actions affecting internal affairs. The
Communications Workers raised officers’ salaries
(the president now receives $22,500), but by a
narrow margin rejected a 50-cent increase in the
monthly per capita tax. Two rail unions made
changes in top leadership. H. C. Crotty succeeded
T. C. Carroll, who retired as president of the
Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes;
five other officers also retired; a $6 annual dues
increase was voted. James A. Paddock, 42-year-old
officer of the Order of Railway Conductors and
Brakemen, was elected president to succeed
R. O. Hughes, who retired. The Retail, Wholesale
and Department Store Union raised the per
capita tax on locals by 10 cents a month and
changed the presidential salary from $15,000
to $20,000.
A meeting in mid-June of the National Con­
ference on Labor Health Services brought to
public discussion what the New York Times
editorially described as the “differences between
organized labor and organized medicine over
health protection for union members and their
families.” The labor group, led by the United
Mine Workers Welfare and Retirement Fund,
which operates 10 hospitals staffed by Fund
doctors in mining communities, defended prepaid
medical plans and group practice by a closed panel
of physicians against charges by the American
Medical Association and its affiliates that free
choice of physician was thus barred. It called
upon the AMA to offer a “constructive alterna­
tive.” The AM A has contended that the right
to choose one’s own doctor is “almost as much a
part of our basic freedoms as the right . . . to
speak and to vote as one pleases.”

J une


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but one dissenting vote , the Senate
passed a bill designed to protect the rights of
union members and to control certain labor union
activities. As of mid-July, the House had not
acted on the measure. Major features of the bill
include reports on fiscal and certain internal oper­
ations to the Secretary of Labor, with severe
penalties for evasion or falsification of reports;
similar disclosure of conflict-of-interest transac­
tions by union officers; periodic election of consti­
tutional officers directly by secret ballot or by
delegates so elected; provision for removal of offi­
cers by members under procedures to be estab­
lished by the Secretary of Labor; limitations on
trusteeships; a ban on union funds for promoting
candidacy for union office; outlawing of shakedown picketing; voting rights to economic strikers
in representation elections; non-Communist oaths
by employers as well as union officers; and a direc­
tive to the National Labor Relations Board to
assert authority over all cases within its jurisdic­
tion, except where by agreement cases are ceded
to States having laws consistent with Federal law.
Sixteen States and other jurisdictions by July
15 had taken full advantage of Federal funds
made available for extension of unemployment
insurance benefits to jobless workers whose eligi­
bility had expired; an additional five States were
using State reserves for the same purpose. The
Labor Department estimates that about twothirds of the unemployed who had exhausted their
benefits since June 1957 were in those States.
On June 16, the U. S. Supreme Court held, 6
to 3, that “hot cargo” clauses were legal in labor
contracts, but unenforceable unless the employer
agreed. In a 7-to-2 decision on June 23, the
Court said the draft law’s reemployment provi­
sion does not supersede a contractual provision on
promotions; if a union agreement allows an em­
ployer discretion in promoting workers, a return­
ing veteran, while entitled to his old job, is not
thereby entitled to a promotion he might have
received, unless the employer so desires. In an
8-to-l opinion on June 30, the Court maintained
that unions do not, as a matter of legal right,
enjoy the same privileges of management in com­
municating with employees on company property,
and that they must adhere to company rules if
other means of communication are available.

W ith

Benefit Levels in
Workmen’s
Compensation
E arl F . C h e it *

T his year marks the 50th anniversary of work­
men’s compensation legislation in the United
States. Compared with the common law and
employers’ liability systems that it replaced,1
workmen’s compensation has made an impressive
record.
But when the achievements of workmen’s
compensation are appraised by the changes over
the past 20 years in weekly wages entering into
compensation benefit formulas, neither the record
nor the prospect for the future is nearly so
impressive. Although workmen’s compensation
systems have made commendable progress in some
areas, some benefits have not only failed to keep
pace with wages but have also slipped backwards.

Cash Benefits for Temporary Disability

Cash benefits were the most important single
feature of the first workmen’s compensation laws
and were designed to provide an injured worker
with some income while his earnings were cut off
by job-connected disability. They were usually
set within fixed dollar limits, at from one-half to
two-thirds of weekly earnings. The actual
amounts were compromises between the desire to
compensate substantially all job-connected injuries
and the fear that industry might be unduly
burdened. Benefits were to be adequate for the
injured worker’s support during disability (or for
his dependents for a reasonable period after his
death), but not high enough to dull work
incentives.2
Since the compromise benefit amounts that
emerged were the initial cautious gropings of a

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new program, it would seem reasonable to expect
that as workmen’s compensation became an
accepted and sturdy social insurance system, its
benefit performance would improve. But this has
not uniformly happened. In fact, cash benefits
today sometimes restore a smaller proportion of
lost weekly wages than they did under the earliest
laws.
Twenty-three American workmen’s compensa­
tion laws were in effect in 1914. For that year,
average weekly earnings for production workers
in manufacturing were $11.01.3 The average
weekly dollar benefit limit of the compensation
laws was $12.23.4 Thus, it is safe to assume that
indemnity benefits paid to all covered workers
reached the full percentage maximum, which for
these early laws averaged 57.9.6
This was true until the 1940’s. At the begin­
ning of that decade, no law offered benefits for
temporary-total disability above $25 weekly, and
half of the laws stipulated maximums of less than
$20 a week. But with average wages of employees
estimated at $26 a week,6 these dollar limits were
high enough to give virtually all injured workers
a benefit equal to the full percentage of their lost
earnings permitted by law. By 1949, however,
wage increases had outstripped dollar benefit
changes to the extent that this was true in only
five States.7
Herein lies the paradox of benefit maximums.
Absolute dollar benefit limits have forced a decline
•Associate Research Economist, Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California (Berkeley). This article is adapted from a paper pre­
sented by the author at a 1958 symposium on workmen’s compensation
sponsored by the Institute.
i
A summary of the common law and employers’ liability approaches to
occupational disability and their effects appears in John R. Commons and
associates, History of Labor in the United States, 1896-1932 (New York,
Macmillan Co., 1935), Vol. I ll, pp. 564-570 and 572-575.
1
For the benefit standards outlined in the 1912 Report of the Federal
Employers’ Liability and Workmen’s Compensation Commission, see
Walter F. Dodd, Administration of Workmen’s Compensation (New York,
Commonwealth Fund, 1936), p. 619.
3
See BLS Historical Estimates of Earnings, Wages, and Hours (in Monthly
Labor Review, July 1955, p. 803).
*A rthur H. Reede, Adequacy of Workmen’s Compensation (Cambridge,
Mass., Harvard University Press, 1947), p. 148.
« Ibid.
• Average weekly wage for workers covered by unemployment insurance
was $26.15 in 1939. See Supplement to Handbook of Unemployment In­
surance Financial Data, 1955 (U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Em­
ployment Security, Unemployment Insurance Service, 1956), p. 2. No com­
parable national average wage for workers covered by workmen’s compensa­
tion is available. The average weekly wage in all manufacturing in 1939 was
$23.86. See Monthly Labor Review, Table C-2, this issue. Thus, the
estimate of $26 is, if anything, a liberal one.
» Dorothy McCammanand Alfred M. Skolnik, Workmen’s Compensation:
Measures of Accomplishment (in Social Security Bulletin, March 1954, p. 7).

723

724
in the percentages of average weekly wages re­
stored by indemnity benefits. For example,
before California raised maximum benefits in
1957, its $40 weekly maximum meant that only
those workers who earned less than $64.78 weekly
could actually recover the full 61% percent of the
wage loss entitled by the law.8 A tabulation for
September 1956 shows that 3 of every 4 workers
injured in California were earning more than
$64.78 and consequently received less than this
full percentage amount.®
Effect of Dollar Limits

The effect of dollar benefit limits in holding
indemnity payments below allowed percentage
limits is apparent in the accompanying table,
which lists the maximum percentage and dollar
weekly benefits available to workers temporarily
and totally disabled in 51 American jurisdictions.
The percentage limits in August 1957 ranged from
a low of 50 percent of the weekly wage in Montana
and Oregon to a high of 97% percent in Illinois.
The rise in weekly wages since 1939 has shifted
importance from these percentage limits to the
weekly dollar benefit limits, which ranged from a
low of $25 in Mississippi to $150 (excluding
dependents’ allowances) in Arizona in 1957.
Up to the stated weekly dollar benefit limits,
the percentage limits alone define the degree to
which an injured worker is required to coinsure
his earnings loss due to occupational disability.
For most States, this burden is about one-third of
the weekly wage.
When an injured worker’s weekly wage reaches
the point where the percentage benefit allowance
would yield a dollar benefit greater than the cash
benefit limit, however, he becomes a full insurer
of that part of his wage loss. Column 3 of the
table indicates the ratios of the dollar limits to
the percentage limits, and the amounts shown
represent the weekly wage above which a worker
becomes the full insurer of his wage loss. Thus,
workers in Iowa are coinsurers of one-third of
their wage losses up to weekly earnings of $48;
beyond this amount, they become full insurers.
Comparison of the average weekly wage (col. 4)
with the maximum wage on which coinsurance
can apply (col. 3) indicates that actual wages are
higher by 10 percent or more in all but 13 juris­
dictions. Thus, the workers in 38 jurisdictions

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

are full insurers of a substantial part of their wage
loss, as shown in the following tabulation:
Percent of average wage insured

50
60
70
80

and
and
and
and

under 60________________
under 70________________
under 80________________
under 90________________

Number of jurisdictions where
stated percentage applies

3
11
13
11

Moreover, the maximum insured wages are calcu­
lated on the assumption that benefit limits include
full dependents’ allowances. When insured wages
are computed on basic benefits excluding those
allowances in the 14 jurisdictions that offer them,
they approximate average wages in only 7 States.
At the other end of the scale, workers are full
insurers of 40 percent or more of their wage loss
in 7 States.
Few jurisdictions maintain complete records of
occupational disability and workmen’s compensa­
tion benefit payments. Therefore, to gage average
workmen’s compensation benefit performance from
the maximum percentage and weekly dollar benefit
limits alone requires assumptions about wage
losses, duration of disability, geographical distribu­
tion and distribution to dependency groups, the
effect of waiting and recapture periods, benefit
amount, and duration limits.
Studies of individual State experience indicate
that benefits are from 30 to 55 percent effective in
restoring lost weekly wages; 10 and one national
estimate, which seeks to take account of all of the
variables listed, concludes that benefits are perhaps
only one-third effective in restoring lost weekly
wages.11 Even if a generous allowance is made for
possible errors in these estimates, weekly compention benefits to the temporarily and totally dis­
abled are, on the average, restoring less than onehalf of lost wages.
Cash Benefits and “ Adequate Compensation”

Although nearly 95 percent of all occupational
disability cases are temporary, a warranted infer­
ence about the adequacy of workmen’s compensa­
tion cannot be made from the benefit estimates
• Sixty-five percent of 95 percent of actual earnings.
• See Weekly Wages of Injured Workers, California, September 1956 (San
Francisco, California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Labor
Statistics and Research), p. 1.
A review of several such studies appears in Herman M. and Anne R.
Somers, Workmen’s Compensation (New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1954),
pp. 67-81.
ii McCamman and Skolnik, op cit., pp. 8-9.

725

BENEFIT LEVELS IN WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION

alone. Workmen’s compensation is a State sys­
tem; and the wide differences in cash benefits
available from State to State limit the value of
generalizations about average benefits. Moreover,
judgments about adequacy must also take account
of amendments which have extended compensa­
tion coverage to new groups of workers, expanded
the period of benefit payments and upper limits
on benefits, provided life-time benefits for perma­
nent disability in some States, broadened medical
benefits, and introduced rehabilitation services.
It is clear that adequate cash benefits are not, in
themselves, a sufficient condition for adequate
workmen’s compensation, but certainly they are a
necessary one. And when benefits to all categories
of disability are considered, few jurisdictions can
meet even a relaxed standard of adequacy.
Indemnity benefits restore to the severely in­
jured worker and to dependents in death cases an
even smaller proportion of wage losses than is pro­
vided to the temporarily disabled. Studies of indi­
vidual State experience reveal that for States of
u Reede, op. cit., pp. 179-228; and Somers and Somers, op cit., pp. 78-79.
i> For a list covering all American jurisdictions for each benefit category, see
State Workmen’s Compensation Laws, August 1957, Bull. 161, revised (U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, 1957).

“average generosity,” indemnity benefits restore,
at best, 25 percent of lost wages to victims of
permanent-total or severe permanent-partial dis­
ability and to survivors in death cases.12
These wage losses result from limiting percent­
age benefit maximums by dollar benefit maximums. In addition, many of the laws set total
dollar limits as well as duration limits for benefits
in cases of severe disability.13 As a result, benefits
for the severely injured often run out and, ironi­
cally, in some cases are not even as high as for the
temporarily injured.
Benefits for permanent-partial disabilities are
seriously limited in most jurisdictions. Over half
of our workmen’s compensation laws provide
totally and permanently disabled workers with
benefits for the period of their disability, but the
remainder either reduce or cut them off at about
6 to 10 years. In death cases, the situation is
similar in some jurisdictions which offer benefits
of $10,000 or less, or slightly over the average
amount which a factory worker earns in 2 years.
While it is not possible to define precisely the
average degree of protection offered by workmen’s
compensation cash benefits, when all of these facts
about indemnity benefits are considered together,

Relation of cash benefit levels for temporary-total disability to wages, by jurisdiction, August 1957

Jurisdiction

Alabama...........— ..........
Alaska............................
Arizona------------ --------Arkansas—................. —
C alifornia------------- -Colorado_____________
Connecticut__________
Delaware______ ___
District of Columbia---Florida______________
Georgia______________
Hawaii------ ------ --------Idaho--------- -------------Illinois------------- ------Indiana.......................—
Iowa--------- ----------Kansas____________ Kentucky____________
Louisiana----------------M aine_______________
M aryland------ --------Massachusetts............. —
Michigan____________
Minnesota_____ _____
Mississippi___________
Missouri_____________

Average
Benefit levels, August 1957 Maximum
weekly
weekly
insured wage,
year
wage
ended
Maximum
August
June
30,
percent of Weekly dollar
1957 i
1957»
weekly
limit
(Col. 2-5wage
COl. 1)
‘ 55-65
65
65
65
61%
66%
60
66%
66%
60
60
66%
‘ 55-65
* 75-97%
60
66%
60
65
65
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%
66%

$31.00
100.00
< 150.00
35.00
50.00
36. 75
45. 00
35.00
54.00
35.00
30.00
75.00
‘ 28.00-48.00
*30.00-45.00
36.00
32.00
34.00
32.00
35.00
35.00
40.00
<35.00
» 33.00-57.00
45.00
25.00
37.50

$47.69
153.85
244.92
53.85
80.97
55.12
75.00
52.50
81.00
58.33
50.00
112.50
73.85
46.15
60.00
48.00
56. 67
49.23
53. 85
52.50
60.00
76.50
85.50
67.50
37.50
56.63

$67.11
138. 73
82.34
56. 37
91.63
81.19
87.54
92.13
78.94
69.32
64.26
63.13
74. 05
91.87
86.52
74.88
79.50
72.73
73.88
67.77
75.86
76.34
98. 78
80.34
56.35
79.25

1
In calculating the maximum weekly Insured wage, maximum benefit pay­
ments including allowances for dependents were used in the 14 jurisdictions
having such allowances.
J Average wage for workers covered by State unemployment insurance.
* According to number of dependents.
* Additional benefitsf or dependents. Assuming 4 dependents, the weekly


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Jurisdiction

M ontana.___ ________
Nebraska.........................
Nevada_____________
New Hampshire______
New Jersey__________
New M exico............ .
New York.......................
North Carolina...............
North D akota.............. .
Ohio________________
Oklahoma___ ________
Oregon______ ________
P ennsylvania... ...........
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina...............
South Dakota.................
Tennessee____________
Texas.. .......................
U tah________________
Vermont_____________
Virginia--------------------Washington--------------West Virginia........... .
Wisconsin____________
Wyoming____________

■4
Average
Benefit levels, August 1957 Maximum
weekly
weekly
insured wage,
year
wage
ended
Maximum
August
June
30,
percent of Weekly dollar
1957 >
1957 *
weekly
limit
(Col. 2-fwage
col. 1)
‘ 50-66% * $28.00-42. 50
34.00
66%
‘ 37. 50-51. 92
‘ 65-90
66%
37.00
«66%
40.00
30.00
60
66%
36.00
35.00
60
80
‘ 31. 50-45. 50
40.25
66%
35.00
66%
‘ 30.00-66.92
‘ 50-75
66%
37.50
32.00
60
60
35.00
30.00
55
32.00
65
35.00
60
‘ 35.00-47.25
60
66%
‘ 30.00
30.00
60
«66% ‘ 28.85. 56. 77
66%
33.00
49.00
70
*66% ‘ 30.00-46.15

$63. 76
51.00
57.68
55.50
60.00
50.00
54.00
58.33
56.88
60.38
52.50
89. 23
56.25
53. 33
58.33
54.54
49.24
58.33
78. 75
57.00
50.00
85.16
49.50
70.00
69.23

$76.02
71.15
88.41
67.93
89.20
75. 75
89.96
60.54
68.83
90. 65
76. 51
83.93
80.32
70. 95
59.02
67.49
67. 44
76.75
76.03
68. 96
67.26
85.86
83.13
84.37
75.26

dollar limit for Arizona would be raised by $9.20; Massachusetts, by $16.00;
and Vermont, by $8.00.
* Estimated. Benefits paid by a “wage and compensation” schedule.
Source: Benefit levels, State Workmen’s Compensation Laws, August
1957, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards Bull. 161 (rev.);
average wage, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security.

726

it seems clear that workmen’s compensation is
restoring to the occupationally disabled an average
of well under one-half, and more likely, no more
than one-third, of lost wages.
Payments for Dependents

Some States have sought to make benefit levels
more adequate through supplemental allowances
for dependents—a principle followed in the Old
Age and Survivors Insurance program and in 11
State unemployment compensation laws. Work­
men’s compensation laws of 14 jurisdictions 14 cur­
rently offer such benefits. Dependents’ allow­
ances operate quite simply: they entitle a claim­
ant to payment in addition to the basic benefit—
either a higher percent of wages paid as benefits or
a stated dollar amount (typically a few dollars
weekly for each dependent) but subject in either
case to stated limits.
Dependency allowances
result in increased aid to some beneficiaries.
But is the net effect of dependents’ allowances
favorable on the system as a whole or on all
beneficiaries? These questions are often raised
by trade unionists who fear that dependents’ al­
lowances tend to become self-defeating. Unions
have often argued that a wage policy which
includes dependents’ allowances may tend to hold
basic wage levels down. Apparently this has
also been the case in workmen’s compensation.
For the jurisdictions with dependents’ allow­
ances shown in the table, the top dollar benefit
for temporary-total disability (including depend­
ents’ allowances), compares favorably with most
other States. If Alabama, which has a maximum
of $31, and Vermont with $30 (plus $2 per de­
pendent under 21) are eliminated, none of the
States offer less than $40, and most offer con­
siderably more.
But the ranking of these 14 jurisdictions by the
percent of average wages represented by maximum
benefits w ith ou t dependents’ allowances is drasti­
cally different. Arizona still ranks first on this
standard. But 6 of the States—Idaho, Illinois,
Michigan, Montana, Oregon, and Washington—
are included in the 7 States with the lowest basic
benefits. None of the others ranks higher than
E ffects on the S y ste m .


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21st among the 51 jurisdictions for which the
comparison can be made.
In other words, with the exception of Arizona,
dependents’ allowances are found in the States
where basic weekly maximum benefits are among
the poorest. It may be hard to determine which
is the cause—dependents’ allowances or low basic
maximum benefits—but it is clear that while de­
pendents’ allowances might help injured workers
with large families, they are of little value to
others. Illinois, for example, offers benefits up to
a limit of 97% percent of the weekly wage in cases
of dependency. Its benefit range is from $30 to
$45. Yet according to a study of Illinois experi­
ence, 3 out of every 4 injured workers in that
State will be paid the smaller amount.15 Whether
or not the proportion of beneficiaries who receive
no dependents’ allowances is that high in all juris­
dictions cannot be determined, since dependency
data are not available. From other data, how­
ever, it seems clear that the number is at least
one-half.16 For these workers, dependents’ allow­
ances appear to be an excuse for low basic benefits.
Even injured workers who are eligible for de­
pendents’ allowances may find them of very
limited value. As the table indicates, amounts
are small, and they actually increase available
income by a far smaller percentage than is neces­
sary for support of dependents.17
Historically, American social insurance systems
have avoided flat benefits plus dependents’ al­
lowances (a practice followed in England). How­
ever, in many cases departures from the philos­
ophy of relating the amount of benefits to wages
have been made because of the problem that the
lowest paid workers would receive the lowest
benefits. Thus, those who are in the poorest posi­
tion to withstand an earnings loss would be given
14 Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana,
Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and W y­
oming. In four States, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming, this
differential benefit treatment is also based on marital status.
15 H. A. Katz and E. M. Wirpel, Workmen’s Compensation, 1910-1952:
Are Present Benefits Adequate? (in Labor Law Journal, Chicago, Commerce
Clearing House, March 1953, p. 173).
18 Dependency data gathered by the California Department of Industrial
Relations revealed that there are no minor children in 50 percent of death
cases. This figure is remarkably stable over the past decade. See Depen­
dents of Workers Killed in On-the-Job Accidents, annual reports, California
Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Labor Statistics and Re­
search.
17 See Katz and Wirpel, op. cit., pp. 175-176, for a detailed criticism of
Illinois dependents’ allowances on this issue.

727

BENEFIT LEVELS IN WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION

the least help in recovering from it. Hence, social
insurance systems in the United States have pro­
vided benefit floors and more favorable benefit
formulas for lower paid workers, as well as de­
pendents’ allowances. Yet the feeling that this
practice departs from accepted benefit philosophy
is widespread in both labor and management
groups. For this reason, and because dependents’
allowances seem to be used as justification of low
basic benefits, they cannot be considered an
important avenue of benefit reform.
Standards for Cash Benefits

Today’s accepted theoretical benefit standards
are no different from those of the 1912 Report
of the Federal Employers’ Liability and Work­
men’s Compensation Commission 18 which speci­
fied that, at their upper limits, benefits not be so
high as to encourage malingering, and at their
lower limits, not become inadequate for support.
All of our programs incorporate devices to protect
against benefit abuse,19 but unfortunately they
are not so well equipped with automatic devices
to insure that support levels are maintained.
For example, at the time that the California
Industrial Welfare Commission determined that a
minimum weekly wage of $48 was necessary for
an unmarried California working girl to “maintain
her health and the respect of her friends and fellow

18 Dodd, loc. cit.
» A complete recent analysis of these is found in Eveline M. Burns, Social
Security and Public Policy (New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
1956), pp. 58-80.
*> San Francisco Chronicle, June 3,1957, p. 40.
si See Earnings and Purchasing Power—Manufacturing Production
Workers, California, August 1, 1957 (San Francisco, California Department
of Industrial Relations, Division of Labor Statistics and Research).
JJ Some of compensation’s legal niceties and their effects are discussed by
Samuel B. Horovitz in Workmen’s Compensation and the Claimant (in
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadel­
phia, May 1953, pp. 53-61) ; issues in medical relations are analyzed in Medical
Aspects of Workmen’s Compensation (New York, Commerce and Industry
Association of New York, 1953) and in Medical Relations Under Workmen’s
Compensation in Illinois (Chicago, American Meaical Association, 1954);
these and other questions are considered by Sam B. Barton, How Texas
Cares for Her Injured Workers (Denton, North Texas State College, 1956),
pp. 57-74; a collection of essays covering legal, medical-care, and adminis­
trative problems in workmen’s compensation appears in Workmen’s Com­
pensation in the United States, BLS Bull. 1149; and Somers and Somers, op.
cit., pp. 93-196, analyze insurance and legal issues in compensation admin­
istration.
S3 An example is the work Professor Stefan A. Riesenfeld performed for the
Minnesota legislative commission. See Report of the Interim Commission
on Workmen’s Compensation, Minnesota Legislative Session, 1953.

469631— 58-------2


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workers at a minimum cost,” 20 the top weekly
benefit payment for permanently disabled workers
in that State was $35 a week. Average gross
weekly earnings for manufacturing production
workers in California were then $93.42.21
Barriers to Reform

Why has the promise of workmen’s compensa­
tion come so close to failure? Because it is a
noncontributory system without organized or
strong support. Because it has been neglected.
Because its form has been shaped in large measure
by legal, medical, insurance, employer, and labor
groups whose ends are not always consistent with
sound compensation policy.22
Those advocates of a Federal workmen’s com­
pensation program, still a small minority, attribute
the shortcomings of workmen’s compensation to
the fact that it is exclusively a State system and
therefore subject to local pressures and controls.
If the record of other social insurance and labor
standards legislation can be considered analogous,
a Federal system might be expected to being higher
average standards to workmen’s compensation.
Wholly aside from the doctrinal issues involved
in State versus Federal administration, however,
there is convincing evidence that discussion of a
Federal law is premature if not wholly unrealistic,
and in the foreseeable future such a law cannot
be considered outside the context of State
administration.
C o m p en sa tio n B a rg a in in g . In some States, legis­
lative support has been given to interim study
commissions, which, through evaluative research,
have brought genuine reform to the compensation
system.23 But in most States, effective control
over compensation revision goes, almost by de­
fault, to employer and labor groups who, as often
as not, show little eagerness to exercise it. Amend­
ments to the compensation laws of these States
are usually the bargained results upon which these
two groups have been able to agree (either through
legislative committee or advisory committee ses­
sions, and sometimes both). Although some
valuable compensation reform has been gained,
certain inherent shortcomings in this process
weaken workmen’s compensation.

728

The first of these is the paradox that although
most bargaining is devoted to cash benefits, agreed
adjustments, unlike wage settlements, are rarely
large. Given the parties’ moderate stake 24 in the
compensation issue, these easier-to-get, smaller
settlements are adequate for institutional purposes.
Mutual accommodation requires a setting in which
both parties can get credit for the results of the
bargaining, and since there is no bargaining value
or constituent appeal in issues such as claims
administration or rehabilitation, most attention is
given to cash benefits. Still, the results might be
desirable but for the fact that there are no stand­
ards for adjusting benefits, and no one has felt
compelled to set any.
A second short­
coming of benefit bargaining is that new benefits
are not always allocated efficiently. Shorter
waiting periods are an excellent example. Most
States today impose a 3- to 7-day waiting period
in which benefits are delayed in order to cut down
costs of the system and to discourage malingering.
Since the overwhelming majority of compensation
beneficiaries suffer injuries which disable them for
short periods of time (and hence not long enough—
a required 3 to 4 weeks in most States—to recap­
ture waiting-period benefits), there are frequent
demands to shorten waiting periods.
Advocates of a shorter waiting period claim that
the argument about malingering is nonsense and
that a shorter waiting period (say 3 days) causes
no more administrative problems than a longer
one (of 6 days). This seems to be the conclusion
that emerges from the Oregon system, which is
the only law with no waiting period. But shorter
waiting periods, since they affect so many cases,
are very expensive. It is hard to justify this
revision, therefore, while ignoring other and more
pressing reforms.
For example, in most jurisdictions, increasing
the benefits to the severely disabled and to sur­
vivors of death cases is a most needed reform.
If wage losses and need are criteria, then $1 of
additional benefits allocated to severe permanentpartial cases will obtain more compensation ade­
quacy than $1 spent on shorter waiting periods or
on temporary-total disability benefits. The latter
cases can return to useful economic life, but most
of the permanently disabled cannot. They suffer
A llo c a tio n o f B enefit R esources.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

far greater losses in earning capacity, have a
smaller portion of their wage loss restored by
indemnity benefits, and face overwhelming reha­
bilitation odds. Yet some States in recent years
have increased benefits to the temporarily dis­
abled and have left benefits to the permanently
disabled unchanged.
B en efits versus R eh a b ilita tio n . Finally, in neglect­
ing the noncash aspects of workmen’s compensa­
tion, benefit bargaining leaves many important
needs unfilled. Benefit and claims administra­
tion and rehabilitation have tended to be ignored.
Sometimes compensation objectives are actually
undermined. An example is the conflicts which
have developed in benefit theory.
Quite obviously, cash benefits in workmen’s
compensation are needed for maintenance of the
injured worker and his dependents. But are bene­
fits paid to compensate for a loss of earning ca­
pacity? Or are they tort-like damage awards paid
for loss of a member, for pain, and for suffering?
Most laws are predicated on the intention to
pay benefits for lost earning capacity, but for the
sake of easy administration, physical loss is usually
used as a measure and tort-like damages are paid
whenever possible. Because this is not always
possible, benefit administration is based on a com­
bination of tort and earning-capacity theories and
sometimes the worst features of each are adopted.
Since physical loss can be readily measured, the
amputee is dismissed with a tort-like award. But
to a worker with a back injury, for whom in a
contested issue there is no easy measure for tort­
like damages, payment is predicated on lost earning
capacity. If this beneficiary succeeds in rehabili« Most local labor organizations have but a tangential interest In work
men’s compensation. Except for the complaints of temporarily disabled
workers, there is no pressure to make this a cause. Thus while local labor
groups have sought benefit revisions, particularly for the temporarily dis­
abled, they have not shown consistent interest in the compensation program.
Of course, there are many personal exceptions to this generalization among
local labor leaders. See, for example, the paper by local labor representative
Reuben G. Söderström, How Can We Improve the Workmen’s Compensa­
tion Law and Its Administration? Lecture Series No. 10 (Champaign, Uni­
versity of Illinois, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, 1954).
Workmen’s compensation insurance can be a substantial cost to employers
in hazardous industries, such as ice harvesting, where the insurance rate can
go as high as $18 per $100 of covered payroll. But average insurance costs
are less than 1 percent of covered payroll. Thus, the effect of small benefit
changes will be relatively insignificant to most employers. See Illustrative
Nation-Wide Cost Estimate for Workmen’s Compensation Programs with
Broader Coverage and Higher Benefit Levels, Research and Statistics Note
No. 2 (U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security
Administration, Division of Research and Statistics, February 1955).

729

BENEFIT LEVELS IN WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION

tating himself, he may find his benefits reduced
for they are predicated on his lost ability.25
A reformulation of benefit theory to shift em­
phasis away from cash benefits and toward re­
habilitation is needed to obtain both adequate
benefits and benefit administration which will
further the basic aim of the system : rehabilitation
of the occupationally disabled.26
In part, this shift is already occurring in the
case of medical benefits, one of the areas of genuine
achievement in workmen’s compensation. The
first laws had virtually no medical benefits.27 To­
day, by contrast, medical benefits are available
without limits of time or money in 40 jurisdic­
tions.28 Medical benefit limits in the other 14
laws are in some cases still very severe, with 5
jurisdictions limiting medical benefits to $1,500 or
less. But the trend is clearly in the direction of
limiting benefits only by medical requirements.
Except for the encouraging trend in
medical benefits, workmen’s compensation reform
is being largely neglected. Although nearly 2
million workers are job-injury casualties annually,
the cause of occupational disability arouses little
support.29 Since workmen’s compensation is ex­
clusively a State system, the Federal Government
can perform no function of direct importance to it.
Fiscal and monetary policies which maintain ex­
panding employment will solve none of the prob­
lems of job-connected injuries. In fact, the
occupationally injured will fare worse than ever
N eglect.

because injury rates will rise during periods of
rising employment, but wages and prices will rise
at a much faster rate than benefits.
During periods of depression, workmen’s com­
pensation is often overlooked as a matter of policy.
The task of gaining full employment and pro­
viding for the unemployed takes precedence. Few
resources can be diverted to the cause of the dis­
abled (who in some respects are better off anyway,
since real benefits have probably risen).
Employers, for the most part, have not felt re­
sponsible for guiding workmen’s compensation
policy. They accept “liability without fault,” buy
workmen’s compensation insurance, expect their
carrier to handle it, and their interest customarily
ends there. Local unions, although many were
active in acquiring compensation laws and in bene­
fit bargaining, generally look beyond workmen’s
compensation to more pressing matters. A few
international unions and the AFL-CIO maintain
an active interest, but their influence in State
affairs has been small. Workmen’s compensation
administrators and officials cannot as a group be
expected to be active in movements for reform.
Many of them live by political sufferance and are
happy to avoid controversy.
In short, among the major groups involved in
the compensation process there is little indication
that any are very consistently interested in able
and conscientious administration of our compen­
sation law.30
A Proposal for Compensation Reform

25 A case which illustrates this problem is Branham v. Denny Roll and
Panel Co., 25 S. E. (2d) 865.
MIn contrast with his normal 90-percent record of success in rehabilitation
cases, rehabilitation authority Dr. Howard A. Rusk could report only a
3-percent success while working with 300 contested compensation cases. See
Medical Aspects of Compensation, op. cit., pp. 68-69.
27 Seven of the first laws offered no medical benefits. Of the remainder,
none paid benefits beyond 90 days or for more than $250. See Reede, op.
cit., pp. 160-161.
28 Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Co­
lumbia, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massa­
chusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina,
N orth Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyo­
ming, Federal Employees’ Compensation Act, and Federal Longshoremen’s
and Harbor Workers’ Act.
29 In a few States, most notably Wisconsin, this generalization does not
apply. In others, the generalization may be true for long periods of time,
but not at certain other times.
28 See Max Kossorls, Part I, BLS Bull. 1149, op. cit.
81 See the Proceedings of the International Association of Industrial Acci­
dent Boards and Commissions, published annually by the Bureau of Labor
Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, under the title of Workmen’s Com­
pensation Problems.


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Workmen’s compensation’s plight is made
doubly ironic by the fact that there is available
excellent technical information for improved work­
men’s compensation administration.31 The issue
in compensation reform is not how to find legisla­
tive and administrative proposals which will
strengthen the system, but how to get more uni­
form adoption of the standards already well known
and established.
Widespread compensation reform will not be
possible until agreement can be reached on the
issue of cash benefits. Medical benefits provide a
significant lesson. One of the chief reasons for
their relatively rapid growth is the apparent
agreement that the medically indicated benefit
cuts down the number of long-healing cases

730
avoids serious disability in others, and is thus
in fact the most economical. Although a com­
parable empirical standard for validating a cash
benefit level is not available, it seems inevitable
that benefits must be related automatically to
wage rates if energies are to be devoted to the
problem of improving compensation administra­
tion and rehabilitation. Many employers would
support more liberal compensation benefits if the
amounts were related to such a formula. Their
opposition is largely a function of the stake they
have in the bargaining process, and in part is
exaggerated by the half-hearted support given
workmen’s compensation.
Private insurance carriers, which insure the
majority of workmen’s compensation liability,
are often considered a major barrier to reform,
yet it can be shown that adoption of the afore­
mentioned proposal need not be opposed by them.
No insurance firm likes to pay a claim, and higher
claims are probably disliked more than lower
claims. But compensation benefit amendments
which would raise claims put compensation


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

carriers in a dilemma. On the one hand, since
workmen’s compensation insurance premiums
are pegged by formula automatically to assure
carriers a stated profit and expense margin, and
since these margins are fixed in relation to prem­
iums, carriers, it would seem, should prefer higher
rather than lower benefits. After all, higher
benefits would be in their own interest. It costs
a carrier no more to audit and inspect an insured
when the legislature increases benefits, but it
does produce more money with which to do it.
On the other hand, an important part of the
compensation insurance service to customers is a
congenial point of view. The employer customers
are often engaged in resisting benefit change.
Thus, insurance companies will often join them to
resist benefit changes. If it is true that em­
ployers would accept an automatic benefit stand­
ard, it would follow that carriers would provide
no gratuitous objection. Thus, it seems possible
that such a benefit standard could be enacted
and legislative energies freed to consider the rest
of the compensation system and its many needs.

Manpower Measures
and the Secondary
Labor Force
Irvin Sobel*

D ifferentiation in labor force statistical pro­
cedures between those workers who normally are
continually attached to the labor force and those
with an irregular attachment would yield inter­
pretive insights into the meaning of unemployment
statistics and provide an additional basis for man­
power estimation.1 Such differentiation has been
suggested by many labor force analysts.2
For purposes of classification, movement into
and out of the labor force can be separated into
two categories. One type of movement charac­
terizes individuals who enter the labor force upon
completion of schooling and leave it only upon re­
tirement from work, while the other consists of
multiple entrances and departures by those persons
impermanently attached to the labor force. That
the latter group is significant in number has long
been known; for example, Woytinsky estimated
that in 1950 there were, on the average, 8 million
persons who were not in the labor force continu­
ously during the year.3 Another report noted that
in each month of 1950 and 1951, an average of
about 3 million persons were found to be employed
who had not been in the labor force in the preceding
month.4
This article reviews how differentiation was ef­
fected with apparent facility in two labor market
surveys. Analysis then follows of the degree of
inward and outward mobility of the local labor
supply (i. e., entrance into and departure from the
labor force) under given changes in demand. The
conclusions are applied to the interpretation of
data collected monthly by the U. S. Bureau of the
Census on the number of workers “in the labor


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force” and the number of workers “unemployed.”
The author proposes periodic surveys on a national
scale which would differentiate between primary
and secondary workers and obtain current infor­
mation on work intentions of the latter group.
Belated policy considerations are also suggested.
The major focus of this discussion is the labor
market behavior of persons in the second category.
However, some operationally significant separation
between the two categories is necessary before
analysis can be undertaken. The concept intro­
duced for this purpose is the secondary labor
force—those workers irregularly attached to the
labor force, whether currently in the labor force or
not. Secondary workers generally have a primary
attachment to some nonlabor force activity such
as homemaking, child care, school, or merely idle­
ness; primary workers have employment as their
major objective and when not in the labor force
intend to return shortly.
Surveys of Two Labor Markets

An operational differentiation between primary
and secondary attachment to the labor force has
been attempted in two studies of small nonmetro­
politan areas. In both studies, the workers inter­
viewed were classified as to their primary or
secondary labor force attachment. Those classifi­
ed as primary workers met all of the following
criteria: (1) Had been in the labor force continu­
ously since 1945 or first entrance, or had been out
only for such reasons as illness, military service, or
short vacations; (2) would have been looking for
work if did not have present job; and (3) expected
to remain in the labor force continuously until
retirement. Secondary workers were those whose
•Professor of Economics, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
• This article is based upon research by the author in collaboration with
Richard C. Wilcock, Associate Professor of Economies, Institute of Labor
and Industrial Relations, University of Illinois. For the results of the re­
search, see Wilcock and Sobel, Small City Job Markets: The Labor Market
Behavior of Firms and Workers (Urbana, 111., University of Illinois, Institute
of Labor and Industrial Relations, 1958), and Wilcock; The Secondary Labor
Force and the Measurement of Unemployment, in The Measurement and
Behavior of Unemployment—A Conference of the Universities-National
Bureau Committee for Economic Research (National Bureau of Economic
Research, Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1957), pp. 167-210.
i See, for example, Gertrude Bancroft, Current Unemployment Statistics
of the Census Bureau and Some Alternatives, in report of the National Bu­
reau of Economic Research, op. cit., pp. 63-119.
3W. S. Woytinsky, Employment and Wages in the United States (New
York, Twentieth Century Fund, 1953), pp. 315-316.
‘ Annual Report on the Labor Force, 1952, Current Population Reports.
Labor Force, Series P-50, No. 45, U. S. Bureau of the Census, pp. 1 and 25,

731

732

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able 1. Characteristics and labor market behavior of mem­
bers of the 'primary and secondary labor force of Kankakee,
III., 1952, and Four Shoe Towns, 1953 1
Kankakee, 111.
Item

Number of w orkers...______ _________
M en......................................................
Women.................................................

Four Shoe
Towns

Pri­
Pri­
Sec­
Sec­
mary ondary mary ondary
workers workers workers workers
188
157
31

108
24
84

388
182
206

271
3

268

Percent
CHARACTERISTIC

Women............... ................................... .
Under age 25—....... ....................................
Over age 44_________________________
Widowed, divorced, or separated______
9 or more years’ schooling_____________
1 or more others working in household...
Have working spouse................................
No dependents—......................... ........ ......

16
43
17
11
62
49
(*)
49

78
63
9
3
89
89
(*>
95

53
15
36
13
38
54
39
41

99
34
17
4
56
84
66
84

80
76
59
62

8
23
35

5

*78
97
46
82

»8
8
25
45

90
93

14
29

84
86

46
27

BEHAVIOR

Need work for a living.. ................... ......
Are breadwinners___________________
Prefer factory work__________________
Continuously in labor force___________
Would look for work if present job were
lost________________________ _____
Expect to stay in labor force__________

* The number of respondents varied slightly among items.
* No data.
* Based on interviews with 109 workers.

include substantial proportions of secondary
workers.® In the other survey of workers em­
ployed by a shoe firm operating in 4 towns (2
counties in Illinois and 2 counties in Missouri),
questionnaire responses were obtained in 1953 from
a total of 659 nonsupervisory workers and supple­
mented by interviews with 109 workers. In the
latter survey, a large proportion of secondary
members was expected because of the high propor­
tion of women in the work force of the shoe com­
pany.
Table 1 presents the differences between primary
and secondary labor force members which can be
summarized. A consistent pattern of difference
in basic personal characteristics and in some
aspects of labor market behavior emerges. It is
sufficient for the purposes of this article to point
out that the data are highly pertinent to man­
power analysis. In addition, although the samples
are small, they serve to illustrate important
characteristics of this group that may affect more
comprehensive estimates.
Secondary Labor Force and the Labor Market

work histories and responses indicated (1) volun­
tary movement into and out of the labor force
since 1945 or first entrance; or (2) an expectation
of being out of the labor force if present job were
not available; or (3) an intention to leave the labor
force shortly or some considerable time before the
conventional age of retirement. Only a small
proportion of the individuals questioned were dif­
ficult to classify. A clear-cut differentiation be­
tween primary and secondary attachment could,
therefore, be established.6 This relative ease of
differentiation as well as the utilization of the
concepts, suggests that the concepts are not only
operationally feasible but are also analytically
useful.
Because of the emphasis in the two labor market
studies upon secondary labor force mobility, both
samples were drawn in situations which would
yield high proportions of secondary labor force
members. Interviews were conducted with 296
nonsupervisory workers in the Kankakee-Bradley,
111., area who had been hired within the 6 months
prior to the survey in 37 manufacturing, trade, and
service establishments. At that time—the early
summer of 1952—the labor supply in Kankakee
was tight, and the new hires could be expected to

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A major premise in both of the nonmetropolitan
area studies was that labor force participation
rates can vary significantly and rapidly, and that
this short-run flexibility reflects adjustment to
changes in labor demand which mainly involve
the secondary workers. If this hypothesis is cor­
rect, then employment and the size of the labor
force can expand relatively more rapidly than
population in these areas even under conditions
defined as “tight.” Conversely, employment
could decline without a corresponding increase in
unemployment. Secondary labor force mobility
thus serves as a vital adjustment factor in these
types of labor markets.
The most significant aspect of Kankakee labor
force expansion during the Korean period is that
so much of the expansion was the result of in­
creased labor force participation by the resident
f «Automatic classification after interviews based upon the 3 criteria and
classification based on inspection of the completed questionnaires differed in
less than 5 percent of the cases. All the differences were occasioned by border­
line situations. This suggests that classification based upon the 3 questions
is feasible.
« No invidious connotations should be attached to the secondary labor force.
While in the labor force, secondary workers are just as vital to its functioning
as primary workers. Although secondary workers held the lower paying jobs
in the labor markets studied, this was in the main due to their average younger
ages and intermittent labor force service; in fact, labor force members in both
samples had more years of schooling than their primary counterparts.

733

SECONDARY LABOR FORCE MEASUREMENT

population. In 1950, both male and female labor
force participation rates were considerably above
the national urban average 7and above the average
in such metropolitan areas as Chicago and St.
Louis. Yet the Kankakee labor force was able
to adjust to an increase in employment of 12 per­
cent in March of both 1951 and 1953. During
this period, the population in this area did not rise
by more than 5 percent. Since unemployment
had been relatively low, the implication is that the
labor force was expanding more rapidly than popu­
lation.
This inference is also supported by an analysis
of the Kankakee sample of new hires, which is
representative of the industry segments which
experienced most of the employment increase.
The work histories of the secondary workers among
the Kankakee sample provide even stronger evi­
dence than their statements when interviewed of
considerable inward labor force mobility. Three
out of four of the secondary workers had entered
the labor force either during World War II or
i
Although the county In which Kankakee was located had lower than
average labor force participation rates for both men and women, this was due
to the fact that the county has an institutional population of over 12,000.
In Kankakee itself, the labor force participation rate for men in 1950 was 83
percent and for women, 38 percent. The national averages for men and women
were 78.9 and 29.0 percent, respectively. The corresponding urban averages
were 79.5 and 33.3 percent.
8 Recent inmigrants, while constituting about one-third of the total sample,
comprised less than one-fifth of the secondary group. Many of these in­
migrant secondary workers were first entrants into the labor force and had
come into the area “to be with family” and then, finding jobs readily avail­
able, had entered the labor force.

T able 2.

during the Korean period.8 Most of the World
War II entrants had some substantial periods out
of the labor force, and a considerable proportion
sought work only during both conflict periods.
Most of those who came into the labor force after
June 1950 were first entrants into the labor force.
The flexibility of small area labor forces with
respect to the availability of jobs is further demon­
strated by the Shoe Town data. According to
Census data, the highest participation rate for
women (about 28 percent) was in the county with
the greatest economic diversity and the lowest
(about 13 percent) in a neighboring county, the
least industrialized of the counties studied.
Likewise, the data indicate inward labor force
mobility in response to employment opportunity.
For 21 percent of the sample, jobs with the shoe
firm represented first entrance into the labor force.
Another 28 percent were returning to the labor
force when they took their present jobs. A large
majority of the labor force entrants and re­
entrants had a secondary labor force attachment.
The discontinuous nature of their labor force
participation is illustrated in table 2.
Additional data from the Shoe Town sample
give further evidence that the secondary labor
force, as defined, is the variable component of the
labor supply, in a sense constituting a manpower
reserve. Four out of five workers classified as
secondary came from outside the labor force to
take their present jobs.

Continuity of labor force participation by members of the primary and secondary labor force, Kankakee, III., 1952,
and Four Shoe Towns. 19581
[Percent]
Four Shoe Towns
Labor force status

Kankakee, 111.

Illinois, 1st
factory 1

Four shoe
factories

Illinois, 2d
factory

Missouri, 1st
factory

Missouri, 2d
factory 8

ALL W O RK ERS

In labor force continuously:
Entered before June 1950__ ______________________
Entered after June 1950________________ _________
Out of labor force 1 or more tim es.___________________

27
26
47

46
21
33

36
19
45

42
21
37

60
18
22

48
27
25

37
25
38

67
15
18

66
15

19

62
14
24

76
11
13

63
23
14

6

16
29
55

4
22
74

13
32
55

23
34
43

32
32
36

PRIM A RY W O R K ER S

In labor force continuously:
Entered before June 1950_______________________
E n te r e d after J u n e 1950
_ _ _ _ ______ ________
O u t o f lab or force 1 or m ore tim e s
_
_
SECONDARY W O R K ER S

In labor force continuously:
Entered before June 1950_______________________
E n te r e d after J u n e 1950
_ __________________
Out, of labor force 1 or more, t im e s
____

29
65

i Data not available for all respondents in the samples shown in table 1.
1 Factory closed in 1950 and reopened in 1952.


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* Factory opened in late 1949.

734

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able 3. Length of time members of the primary and
secondary labor force coidd “get along” without working,
Kankakee, III., 1952, and Four Shoe Towns, 1958
[Percent]
Kankakee, 111.
Period

Four Shoe Towns 1

Total

Pri­
mary

Under 2 weeks......................
2 weeks and under 2 months2 months and under 6
m onths_______________
6 months or more.................
No problem.........................

12
22

17
31

4
6

21
26

23
33

16
11

14
13
39

19
18
15

6
4
80

13
13
27

17
17
10

5
5
63

Total............................

100

100

100

100

100

100

Second­ T otal Pri­
ary
mary

Second­
ary

i Based on interviews with 109 workers.

While the two shoe plants in continuous opera­
tion had similar proportions of workers originating
outside the labor force, the plant which closed in
1950 and reopened in 1952 had a much higher
proportion (65 percent) of labor force reentrants.
Sixty percent of the employees in the reopened
plant had been rehired by the company, a propor­
tion 3 times as great as those rehired in the 2
plants in continuous operation. Thus, almost
the entire group of reentrants in the reopened
plant were in reality rehires. In the newest
plant (opened in late 1949), located in an area
with almost no previous industrial activity, about
three-fifths of the secondary labor force members
had never been in the labor force before taking
their present jobs. In both the reopened and
new plants, the workers’ behavior supports the
assumptions about secondary workers responding
to increases in labor demand.
As the samples were drawn entirely from
currently employed primary or secondary workers,
the findings are less conclusive as to withdrawal
from the labor force in case of a contraction of
labor demand. However, data both as to the
workers’ intentions if the current job were not
available and ability to get along without working,
indicate considerable outward labor force mobility.
Approximately three-fifths of the secondary
labor force members in the Shoe Towns expressed
intent to withdraw from the labor force if their
present jobs were terminated. Another third
would look only in the immediate area and if
other jobs were not available—a distinct prob­
ability during periods of declining activity—these
would presumably withdraw from the labor force.
The group that was defined as primary workers,
on the other hand, intended to remain in the labor

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market. Data on the length of time secondary
workers could get along without working (table
3) also support the contention that were labor
demand to contract, considerable withdrawal
from the labor force would occur.
In the one situation where all the workers actu­
ally were laid off, a substantial proportion of the
secondary workers did withdraw from the labor
force. This is evident from the work histories and
from the fact that 60 percent of the secondary
members were rehires of whom more than half
were also labor force reentrants.
The high proportions of secondary workers in
both the surveys who were out of the labor force
prior to their present employment, the proportions
of secondary workers in the new-hire sample in
Kankakee, the substantial number who were both
reentrants and rehires in the reopened shoe plant,
and the significantly higher proportion of initial
entrants in the newly established shoe plant, all
offer evidence that changes in labor demand can
cause changes in the magnitude of the secondary
labor force. These adjustments, therefore, serve
as a partial adjustor of labor supply to demand.
They seem to be determined primarily by the
change in the number and nature of job oppor­
tunities.
Implications for Measuring Unemployment

The expansion and contraction of the secondary
labor force in response to perceived changes in de­
mand suggest that such workers would not be
counted in the Census reports. The Census
Bureau includes among the unemployed those
T able 4. Distribution of counties by percent of labor force
who were women and percent of women who were in the
labor force, Illinois and Missouri, 1950

Percent

Less than 9_____
9 to 12_________
13 to 16........ ........
17 to 20________
21 to 24________
25 to 28________
29 to 32________
33 to 36________
36 and over____

Number of Illinois coun­
ties where women work­
ers represent the speci­
fied percent of—

Number of Missouri coun­
ties where women work­
ers represent the specified
percent of—

Total labor
force

Total labor
force

0
3
10
27
31
19
9
2
1

Female
population
0
2
5
28
34
17
11
3
2

0
1
30
35
23
16
7
3
0

Female
population
0
1
18
40
32
13
8
3
0

Source: 1950 Census of Population, Characteristics of the Population,
Vol. II, Parts 13 and 25, U. S. Bureau of the Census

SECONDARY LABOR FORCE MEASUREMENT

735
T able 5. Current availability 1 of persons classified as
‘‘not in the labor force," Columbus, Ohio, and St. Paul,
Minn., 1951

persons who did not work at all during the surveyweek and who would have been looking for work
except that they believed no work was available in
their line of work or in the community. Clearly,
this particular line of inquiry by Census enumera­
tors is more likely to be pursued in obviously dis­
tressed areas, and success depends on the per­
sistent probing of the Census enumerators. Since
the enumerators do not ask why respondents are
not seeking work, it is recognized that current
labor force statistics fail to include some proportion
of the inactive job seekers.9 Various estimates
have placed this group at between 300,000 and
500,000 persons.
By means of several special surveys, the Census
Bureau has attacked the problem of whether sup­
plementary questions would uncover persons who
could have been classified as “seeking work”
among those initially classified as out of the labor
force.10 The use of 6 different sets of questions
revealed additional proportions varying between
11 and 73 percent of the current unemployment
figure.11 These marginal or fringe groups are pre­
dominantly women and young workers with alter-

1 Current availability of nonworkers was defined as willing to accept em­
ployment under existing conditions.
2 Data based on questionnaire returns from 1,647 workers obtained in the
spring of 1951.
3 Data based on 1,056 schedules completed through Interviews with workers
during October 1951.
4 Adult population figures for Columbus include persons “unable to work”
those for St. Paul exclude persons “unable to work."
5 According to the Census definition.
8 Not available.
7 Could not get a job or desired type of job; did not have enough training.
8 Data include workers specifying certain “conditions for employment”
such as wanted part-time only, particular hours, a particular job, and specified
distance from home.
Source: Derived by Richard C. Wilcock from surveys by Kenneth E.
Schnelle, Manpower Resources in a Tight Labor Market, Minnesota Divi­
sion of Employment Security, 1952, and Samuel C. Kelley, A Case Study in
the Measurement of Manpower Resources, Ohio State University Research
Foundation, 1951. See text footnote 1, report of National Bureau of Economic
Research, pp. 200-201.

• Bancroft, op. cit., p. 79.
i# Experimental Studies In the Measurement of Unemployment: M ay 1949,
and June and February 1948, Labor Force Memorandum No. 4, U. S. Bureau
of the Census, February 21,1959.
u E d it o r ’s N o t e . In Labor Force Memorandum No. 4, op. cit., p. 3, the
Census Bureau concluded that, “The results of these studies tend to confirm
the findings of previous surveys that, with present procedures, some few per­
sons in the market for jobs are not being included in the Census Bureau
estimates of the labor force and unemployment. However, the size of the
marginal group identified in these studies should not be regarded as neces­
sarily indicative of the number of ‘omitted’ workers. Not enough evidence
h as been accumulated in these studies on the nature and motivation of per­
sons in the marginal group to determine how many can be regarded as bona
fide members of the labor force at the survey date. . . . The fact that the
number in the group, as has been shown In past surveys, can be materially
altered by revising slightly the pattern of questioning used lends support to
this thesis.
“ At any rate, it is clear that the marginal group—and, thus, presumably
the ‘omitted’ group alluded to above—is relatively small and fluctuates
within a narrow range. There is reason to believe that the number will rise
moderately under conditions of contracting job opportunities, but not nearly
to the same extent as the number reported as unemployed. However, more
information is needed about seasonal fluctuations in the size of the group
before any reasonably valid observations can be made about the influence of
economic factors. . . . ”
12 Bancroft, op. cit., p. 73.
13 With respect to the 1953-54 recession, analysis of the Census Bureau’s
monthly data on the labor force indicates that the labor force not only failed
to expand at the usual rate but also that the monthly declines, when such are
normal, seemed sharper than usual, especially during the earlier phases of the
downturn. However, these observations are based upon the gross data and
cannot be substantiated without a greater amount of age-sex differentiation
and comparison of the data over a long-time span, especially since the Census
data are subject to considerable monthly variation. Wilcock also cautions,
in report of the National Bureau of Economic Research, op. cit., p. 178, that
“In a recession, however, there is general reluctance to withdraw from the
labor force and recession unemployment may not be mitigated by net out­
ward labor force mobility.”

native activities in the form of keeping house or
going to school which enable them to move in or
out of the labor force when the job situation dic­
tates.12 The more persistent the questioning, the
more likely the possibility that some labor force or
intended labor force activity would be revealed.
This fact raises some doubt regarding the utility
of the present methodology.
While Census statistics should not be interpreted
as indicating that the “omitted” workers should
be classified as “in the labor force,” their existence
in conjunction with the low level of utilization of
women in nondiversified labor market areas indi­
cates that the definition of unemployment based
on the actively seeking work criterion is only one
of a number of feasible alternatives.13
Since any classification depends on the avail­
ability of statistical data and policy objectives,
perhaps no one measure can be regarded as opti­
mal. Perhaps the present definition best reflects
the numbers applying pressure on the job market
and may be acceptable for this purpose. But a
definition which would include all those who would
be seeking work if they perceived opportunities
and who, consequently, would be in the labor
market during expanded economic activity is


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Columbus, Ohio,
survey 3

St. Paul, Minn.,
survey 3

Item
Percent Percent Percent Percent
of adult of non­ of adult of non­
popula­ labor popula­ labor
tion 4 force 3 tion 4 force 3
Currently available, if necessary
training provided___ _ _______
Labor market reason only for not
looking for work 7______________
Total available 8_____________ ____
Current availability range..................
Labor force participation rate 5_____
Labor force participation rate—
“current availability” criteria____

5
(8)

11
5-11
63

68-74

13
<*>
28
13-28

(•)
3
11
3-11
62

(#)
9
33
9-33

65-73

736
equally defensible. The use of such a definition
would of course, increase the number of persons
in these marginal groups who were counted as
being in the labor force. Thus, undoubtedly, a
measure of unemployment based on this concept
would decline more rapidly when job opportunities
were expanding and increase more slowly when
they were shrinking.
Since policy questions are involved in the matter
of definition, perhaps the best solution is to aban­
don any attempt to include the inactive job
seekers in the monthly estimate of unemployed
workers, but to attempt periodically (perhaps
every 3 to 6 months) to survey all secondary work­
ers including those currently not actively seeking
work. Not only would the data yield insights
about the borderline area between unemployment
and nonparticipation in the labor force, but such
data also could serve as a basic tool of man­
power estimation.
Secondary Workers and Manpower Estimation

The high degree of labor force flexibility in re­
sponse to the availability of employment oppor­
tunities also raises questions as to the extent to
which temporarily inactive secondary workers may
be considered as manpower potential. Analysis of
labor force participation rates, especially for
women, reveals a very low level of participation
in the Shoe Towns, far lower than the national
average and even far lower than diversified small
labor market areas such as Kankakee. The rates
indicate that in such areas substantial manpower
pools exist which could be drawn into the labor
force if for various reasons (including the cold war)
the geographic dispersion of industry were accel­
erated and nonmetropolitan areas attracted more
industry.
The data in table 4 for Illinois and Missouri
counties in 1950 indicate that in many smaller
labor market areas, participation rates are very
low and could be expanded significantly, conceiv­
ably to levels which equal or exceed the national
average. They also suggest that in small nondiversified areas, the size of the secondary labor
force may almost coincide with the total number
of employed secondary workers.
The Kankakee experience demonstrates that un­
utilized manpower exists even in areas with rela­
tively high participation rates. In addition, two

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

other case studies (one in St. Paul, Minn., and the
other in Columbus, Ohio) indicate that an un­
tapped labor supply may exist even in larger metro­
politan areas offering diversified employment op­
portunities. (See table 5.) These case studies,
made at a time of high demand for labor, indicate
roughly that from 3 to 5 percent of the adult
population and from 9 to 13 percent of those out
of the labor force, as defined by the Census, were
willing to take jobs if they were available. World
War II experience also indicated that much of the
labor force expansion came from the very groups
(women and part-time students) who constituted
the secondary labor force in these studies.
Manpower analysis could, therefore, benefit
from data on secondary workers both within and
outside the labor force, particularly if breakdowns
were available on previous labor force experience,
present major activity, and conditions for labor
force entrance.
The data reviewed suggest, further, that any
attempt to set manpower goals or to define the
manpower pool also involves policy questions.
How far down the continuum of those not working
(regardless of reason) should individuals be con­
sidered as representing potential manpower? This
continuum can now be subdivided into the follow­
ing categories: (1) Those who are actively seeking
work and can be defined as unemployed; (2) those
who would immediately seek work if they per­
ceived job prospects; (3) those who are not cur­
rently seeking work but whose work histories and
stated intentions indicate that they would ulti­
mately come into the labor force if jobs were avail­
able;14 (4) those who would enter the labor force
under more liberal conditions of pay, work stand­
ards, and employability; and (5) those who could
not be drawn into the labor force under any condi­
tions. Thus, the size of the manpower pool which
is utilizable may depend on policy decisions in re­
gard to the amount of inflation which will be
tolerated, standards of employability, the location
of industry and the cost of relocation, the willing­
ness to break down job skills or schedule part-time
work, and the extent to which overtime is utilized
as an alternative to increasing the number of
workers.
m If the Census period of reference during its monthly survey were length­
ened beyond the census week, the numbers in the labor force would corre­
spondingly increase.

Effects of the
$1 Minimum Wage
in Seven Areas
L ouis E. B adenhoop*

T he Fair Labor Standards Act was amended in
August 1955, increasing the minimum wage for
workers engaged in interstate commerce or the
production of goods for such commerce from 75
cents to $1 an hour, effective March 1, 1956. As
part of a broad program of studies initiated by
the U. S. Department of Labor, surveys were con­
ducted in selected communities to compare the
effects of the higher minimum on the wages of
workers in industries generally not subject to the
act, with those in generally subject industries.1
This article summarizes data for 3 payroll periods,
February and April 1956 and April 1957, for
subject and nonsubject industries in 7 compara­
tively small labor markets. These areas are
Athens, Ga., Dalton, Ga., Dothan, Ala., Fort
Smith, Ark., Hickory, N. C., Meridian, Miss.,
and Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel, Pa.
The immediate effect of the increase in the
Federal minimum wage in all areas was confined
largely to industries subject to the Fair Labor
Standards Act. Between February and April
1956, average pay levels rose significantly in
industries generally subject to the higher minmum; during the same period, little or no change
occurred in industries generally not subject to
the minimum. Wage structure changes that
occurred in industries subject to the minimum
were largely limited to increases granted to workers
paid less than $1 before adjustments were made to
the higher minimum. These increases resulted in
a marked concentration of workers at or near the
$1 minimum.
Between April 1956 and April 1957, the increase
in average pay levels was relatively greater in


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industries not subject to the Federal minimum in
most areas studied. The concentration of workers
within the $1 to $1.10 wage range declined some­
what in industries subject to the minimum in all
areas. In industries not subject to the minimum,
wage rates increased at most levels with some
decline in the proportion of workers earning less
than $1 an hour. This did not result in any sub­
stantial increase in the proportion of workers at or
just above the $1 level.
Over the 14-month period from February 1956
to April 1957, the relative increase in average pay
levels was greater in industries subject to the
minimum than in nonsubject industries in 6 areas
and the same in 1 area; the cents-per-hour increase
was greater in industries subject to the minimum
in all areas. Differences in average pay levels of
workers in the two industry groups widened when
the $1 minimum became effective and narrowed
somewhat in the following year, but remained
wider in April 1957 than in February 1956. Most
employers covered by the higher minimum indi­
cated that adjustments were made to the $1 wage
rate without discharging workers.
Scope of Study

The study was designed to include employment
and payroll data for three periods: February 1956,
the month immediately preceding the effective
date of the minimum; April 1956, to ascertain the
immediate effects of the minimum; and April 1957,
to measure the extent and methods of wage and
employment policy adjustments to the minimum.
Ten relatively small communities were selected for
the initial study. These communities were se­
lected primarily on the basis of the representation
of manufacturing employment in industries in
which the greatest impact was expected from the
higher minimum wage. These included certain
types of apparel, food products, furniture, lumber
and wood products, and textiles. The 7 commu­
nities with the largest proportion of covered work­
ers earning less than $1 an hour in February 1956
•Of the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
• The program was developed jointly by the Wage and Hour and Public
Contracts Divisions and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Studies in selected
industries included in the program were summarized in the Monthly Labor
Review, May 1958, pp. 492-501.

737

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

738
(before the effective date of the higher minimum)
were resurveyed in April 1957.2
The population (1950 census) and chief manu­
facturing industries in each of the 7 communities
studied in the 3 periods were as follows:
Population

Athens, Ga________

28, 180

Dalton, Ga________

15, 968

Dothan, Ala_______

21, 584

Fort Smith, Ark___

47, 942

Hickory, N. C _____
Meridian, Miss____

14, 755
41, 893

Sunbury-ShamokinMt. Carmel, Pa.

46, 671

Chief manufacturing
industries

Poultry processing, tex­
tiles, apparel, lumber.
Tufted textile products,
apparel.
Food processing, apparel,
lumber and wood prod­
ucts.
Furniture, food products,
glass products, fabri­
cated metals, apparel.
Textiles, furniture.
Lumber and wood prod­
ucts, food products, tex­
tiles, apparel.
Apparel, textiles, food
products, lumber prod­
ucts.

It should be noted that not all the wage adjust­
ments during the 14-month period covered by the
studies were necessarily related to the higher min­
imum wage. Moreover, labor turnover and labor
force expansion or reduction during the period
may have changed the proportion of workers at
different pay levels within particular establish­
ments, thus affecting wage levels and distributions.
Data were obtained by personal visits to repre­
sentative manufacturing and nonmanufacturing
establishments. Major industry groups excluded
from these studies were government operations,
transportation industries (except trucking and
warehousing and service incidental to transporta­
tion), and the construction and extractive indus­
tries. Establishments having fewer than 8 workers
at the time the lists were compiled for selection of
the samples also were omitted.3
The tabulations were designed to furnish
separate data for those industries in which em­
ployees generally are subject to the Fair Labor
Standards Act (designated as subject industries)
and for those in which employees generally are
not subject to the act (designated as nonsubject
industries).4
Characteristics of Areas

In February 1956, nonsupervisory employees 8
within the scope of these studies in the 7 areas
ranged from about 4,500 in Dothan to approxi­
mately 12,500 in Hickory. Industries in which

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employees generally are subject to the Federal
minimum wage accounted for a majority of
the nonsupervisory employment in all areas.
Primarily because of differences in the extent
of manufacturing activity in these areas, the
proportion of nonsupervisory employees in indus­
tries generally subject to the Federal minimum
varied from approximately two-thirds of the
total in Dothan and Meridian to nine-tenths in
Dalton and almost that proportion in Hickory.
Employment of women varied more widely in
subject than in nonsubject industries among the
areas, mainly because of differences in the extent
of employment in such industries as apparel
manufacture, in which women employees normally
predominate.
In subject industries, women
represented from a fourth of the employees in
Fort Smith to two-thirds in Sunbury-ShamokinMt. Carmel, whereas in nonsubject industries
proportions of women employees ranged from
about two-fifths in Athens and Dothan to slightly
more than half in Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel.
Establishments within the nonsubject industry
group were more homogeneous among the areas
and employed mainly retail trade and service
workers in each area.
Establishments having labor-management agree­
ments covering a majority of their office or plant
* The 3 areas not resurveyed in April 1957 were Burlington, Vt., Millville,
N. J., and Spartanburg, S. C. In each of these areas, a relatively small
proportion of workers in industries subject to the Federal minimum were
paid less than $1 an hour in February 1956, before the $1 minimum became
effective. Individual reports for all areas surveyed, available on request,
provide detailed information on earnings and for such supplementary bene­
fits as holiday and vacation pay, retirement plans, sick leave, and various
insurance plans.
>Establishments with from 4 to 8 workers in industries generally not
subject to the Federal minimum wage were studied separately in Fort Smith,
Ark. Earnings data for February and April 1956 and April 1957 are presented
separately in BLS Report No. 127-6 for that area.
4
Since data were grouped by the establishment’s industrial classification,
a few workers or establishments may be improperly classified in terms of
Federal minimum wage coverage. Industries, as defined in the Standard
Industrial Classification Manual (U. S. Bureau of the Budget, 1945 edition
for manufacturing and 1949 edition for nonmanufacturing), included in each
group are as follows: Subject industries—Manufacturing (SIC groups 19
through 39); trucking and warehousing (42); services incidental to trans­
portation (47); telecommunication (48); utility and sanitary services (49);
wholesale trade (50 and 51); finance and insurance (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, and 67);
miscellaneous business services (73); radio broadcasting and television (77);
and miscellaneous services (89). Nonsubject industries—Retail trade (52
through 59); real estate (65 and 66); hotels and other lodging places (70);
personal services (72); automobile repair services (75); miscellaneous repair
service (76); motion picture (78); amusement and recreation services except
motion pictures (79); medical and other health services (80); legal services
(81); educational services (82); and museums, art galleries, and botanical
and zoological gardens (84).
* Includes workers commuting into the studied areas from adjacent com­
munities and not included in the 1950 Census of Population figures for the
areas.

THE $1 MINIMUM WAGE IN SEVEN AREAS

workers were all within the category designated as
subject industries. In these industries, such
agreements applied in establishments employing
about a sixth of the office workers and nearly
three-fourths of the plant workers in SunburyShamokin-Mt. Carmel. In the 6 southern areas,
less than a tenth of the office workers in each area
were employed in subject establishments with
agreements covering clerical employees; plantworker proportions in such establishments varied
from virtually none in Dothan and Hickory to
between one- and two-fifths in the other 4 areas.
A majority of the plant (nonoffice) workers in
each broad industry group were paid on a time
basis, i. e., hourly rate or salary. The proportion
of workers paid on an incentive basis was higher
in industries generally subject to the Federal
minimum than in those not subject; among the
areas, proportions paid on this basis ranged from
a fourth to a half the workers in subject industries
and from about a sixth to a fourth in nonsubject
industries. Production workers paid piece rates
in the apparel, textiles, and food products manu­
facturing industries represented the bulk of the
workers paid on an incentive basis in subject in­
dustries, whereas incentive-paid workers in non­
subject industries were primarily retail sales
clerks paid straight commissions or salary plus
commissions.
Effects of the $1 Federal Minimum Wage

In February 1956, shortly
before the $1 minimum became effective, average
hourly earnings among the 7 areas surveyed
ranged from $1.07 in Dothan to $1.37 in Fort
Smith in industries generally subject to the
Federal minimum and from 82 cents in Meridian
to 98 cents in Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel in
industries generally not subject to the minimum
(table 1). Average pay levels in subject industries
fell within a range of 9 cents ($1.07 to $1.16) in 5
of the areas and were within a more narrow range
of 4 cents (90 to 94 cents) in nonsubject industries
in 5 areas.
By April 1956, immediately after the $1 mini­
mum had gone into effect, average earnings in
subject industries had increased in all areas.
The greatest increases, as might be expected,
A verage P a y Levels.

• This decline in Dothan was due to labor turnover and to an increase in
new hires at lower rates: not to reductions in wage rates.


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739
T able 1. Average straight-time hourly earnings 1 and per­
cent increase for all nonsupervisory workers by broad
industry group 2 in 7 areas, selected payroll periods

Area and Industry
group>

Athens, Ga.:
Subject industries..
Nonsubject indus­
tries___________
Dalton, Ga.:
Subject industries..
Nonsubject indus­
tries.......................
Dothan, Ala.:
Subject industries..
Nonsubject indus­
tries______ _____
Fort Smith, Ark.:
Subject industries..
Nonsubject indus­
tries......... ........... .
Hickory, N. C.:
Subject industries..
Nonsubject indus­
tries......... ........... .
Meridian, Miss.:
Subject Industries..
Nonsubject indus­
tries. ___________
S unbury-S ham okinM t. Carmel, Pa.:
Subject industries..
Nonsubject indus­
trie s.....................

Average hourly
earnings 1

Percent increase in average
hourly earnings 1

Feb. Apr. Apr. Feb. 1956 Apr. 1956 Feb. 1956
1956 1956 1957 to Apr. to Apr. to Apr.
1956
1957
1957

$1.09 $1.21 $1.25

11.0

3.3

14.7

.93

.94

.97

1.1

3.2

4.3

1.16

1.20

1.27

3.4

5.8

9.5

.92

.94

1.00

2.2

6.4

8.7

1.07

1.18

1.20

10.3

1.7

12.1

.94

.93

.99

-1 .1

6.5

5.3

1.37

1.40

1.46

2.2

4.3

6.6

.91

.92

.97

1.1

5.4

6.6

1.16

1.22

1.27

5.2

4.1

9.5

.90

.90

.96

0

6.7

6.7

1.14

1.26

1.30

10.5

3.2

14.0

.82

.84

.91

2.4

8.3

11.0

1.28

1.33

1.38

3.9

3.8

7.8

.98

1.04

0

6.1

6.1

.98

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
1 For industries included in the subject and nonsubject groups, see text
footnote 4.

generally occurred in areas having the lowest
earnings levels. In Athens, Dothan, and Meri­
dian, where average earnings in subject industries
were lowest in February 1956 ($1.09, $1.07, and
$1.14, respectively), increases amounted to 11.0,
10.3, and 10.5 percent, respectively. In con­
trast, Fort Smith and Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt.
Carmel, with earnings levels of $1.37 and $1.28,
respectively, had increases of 2.2 and 3.9 percent.
In the same 2-month period, there was little
change in earnings levels in nonsubject industries.
In 4 areas, increases ranged from 1.1 to 2.4 per­
cent; in 2 areas, there were no changes; and in 1,
there was a slight decline of 1.1 percent.6
Between April 1956 and April 1957, average
earnings levels rose in both industry groups in all
areas. Increases in subject industries ranged
from 1.7 percent in Dothan to 5.8 percent in
Dalton. The smallest increases occurred in the
3 areas that had the largest increases in the
February-April 1956 period (Athens, Dothan, and
Meridian). Increases in nonsubject industries in
the same period ranged from 3.2 percent in Athens
to 8.3 percent in Meridian and were greater in all

740

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able 2. Percent distribution of nonsupervisory w o r k e r s
by straight-time average hourly earnings1 and broad
industry group 2 in 7 areas, selected payroll periods
Subject industries s
Area and pay period

Athens Ga.
February 1956...
April 1956_____
April 1957-........
Dalton. Ga.
February 1956.—
April 1956...........
April 1957_____
Dothan, Aia.
February 1956...
April 1956_____
April 1957_____
Fort Smith, Ark.
February 1956...
April 1956_____
April 1957-........
Hickory, N. C.
February 1956...
April 1956...........
April 1957_____
Meridian, Miss.
February 1956...
April 1956_____
April 1957_____
Sunbury-ShamokinM t. Carmel, Pa.
February 1956...
April 1956_____
April 1957...........

Nonsubject industries 1

$0.90 $1.00 $1.10
$0.90 $1.00 $1.10
Under and and and Under and and and
$0.90 under under over $0.90 under under over
$1.00 $1.10
$1.00 $1.10
37
0
0

11
1
0

18
60
48

34
39
52

55
52
49

6
6
9

9
10
9

30
32
33

5

26
37
26

57
63
74

57
52
43

4
5
7

11
16
20

27
28
30

6

12
56
51

39
42
47

51
48
45

10
7
7

10
16
13

29
29
36

10
«

18
34
19

62
65
81

57
55
51

7
7
7

9
11
9

27
28
33

14
1

22
41
33

49
58
66

59
60
52

9
8
6

7
7
9

26
25
32

9
1

11
41
36

44
55
60

66
60
55

4
4
3

7
10
10

24
26
32

9
1

13
29
22

63
69
76

49
48
39

11
9
9

9
11
13

31
31
39

12

0
43
2
2
10
0
0

0
0
0
0

15
0
0

«
36
3
3

0

15
2
2

0

1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
1 For industries included in the subject and nonsubject groups, see text
footnote 4.
1 Less than 0.05 but greater than 0.
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.

areas than between February and April 1956.
The percent increase during the year was greater
in nonsubject industries than in subject industries
in all areas except Athens, where increases were
about the same in both industry groups (3.3
percent in subject and 3.2 percent in nonsubject
industries).
As indicated by table 1, the relative increase in
average hourly earnings in the two periods com­
bined (February 1956 to April 1957) was greater
in subject industries than in nonsubject industries,
with the exception of a 6.6-percent increase in
both industry groups in Fort Smith. However,
in absolute terms, average earnings in that area
increased 9 cents in subject industries compared
with 6 cents in nonsubject industries in the 14month period. Fort Smith also had the smallest
increase (2.2 percent) in average earnings between
February and April 1956. Among the other areas,
increases in average earnings ranged from 7.8 to
14.7 percent in subject industries, compared with
a 4.3- to 11-percent range in nonsubject industries.
There was no consistency in the relationship of

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increases in nonsubject industries to those in sub­
ject industries by area. The percent increase in
earnings levels between February 1956 and April
1957 in nonsubject industries was smallest in Athens
(4.3 percent), where the largest increase occurred
in subject industries (14.7 percent). On the other
hand, Meridian had the largest increase over this
period in nonsubject industries (11 percent) and
also ranked next to Athens in the increase that
occurred in subject industries (14 percent).
E a rn in g s D istrib u tio n s. In subject industries, the
immediate effect of the increase in the Federal
minimum wage to $1 an hour on March 1, 1956,
was largely confined to workers who were paid
less than $1 before rates were adjusted to the
higher minimum. The proportions of nonsuper­
visory workers in these industries with earnings
below $1 in February 1956 were as follows among
the 7 areas: Dothan, 49 percent; Athens, 48 per­
cent; Meridian, 45 percent; Hickory, 29 percent;
Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel, 24 percent; Fort
Smith, 20 percent; and Dalton, 17 percent. Infor­
mation obtained on general wage changes between
August 1, 1955, and the February 1956 period
studied indicated that establishments with wage
rates below $1 an hour generally did not adjust
these rates until after the February period,
although there were exceptions in all areas,
especially in Dalton and Hickory.
By April 1956, nonsupervisory workers in sub­
ject industries with hourly earnings below $1 had
declined to 4 percent in Meridian, 3 percent in
Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel, and 2 percent or
less in the other 5 areas.7 As a result of these
increases, there was a sharp rise between February
and April 1956 in the proportion of workers with
earnings at or near the $1 level. As indicated by
table 2, proportions of workers with earnings
ranging from $1 to $1.10 increased among the
areas from 11 percentage points in Dalton (from
26 to 37 percent) to 44 percentage points in
Dothan (from 12 to 56 percent). Workers with
earnings of $1.10 or more increased 11 percentage
points (44 to 55 percent) in Meridian and 9
percentage points (49 to 58 percent) in Hickory,

1 Some of these workers were employed in establishments classified within
the group of subject industries, but whose operations, restricted to Intrastate
commerce, exempted them from coverage under the Fair Labor Standards
Act.

THE $1 MINIMUM WAGE IN SEVEN AREAS

but increased 6 or less percentage points in the
other 5 areas.
Between April 1956 and April 1957, there was
a considerable decline in the concentration of
workers with earnings ranging from $1 to $1.10 in
subject industries. The extent of the movement
of workers to earnings levels above $1.10 during
the year varied by area and apparently was
influenced by factors such as industry composition
and general economic conditions in each area.
Declines in the proportion of workers with earnings
of $1 to $1.10 ranged from 5 percentage points in
Dothan (56 to 51 percent) and Meridian (41 to
36 percent) to 15 percentage points in Fort
Smith (34 to 19 percent).
In nonsubject industries, comparatively little
change occurred in the distribution of workers
according to average hourly earnings between
February and April 1956. In each area, there
was a much higher proportion of workers in
these industries earning less than $1 an hour in
February 1956 than in subject industries, and
there was less variation among the areas. Pro­
portions of workers earning less than $1 an hour
ranged from 60 percent in Sunbury-ShamokinMt. Carmel to 70 percent in Meridian. By
April 1956, these proportions had decreased
slightly. The proportion of workers with earn­
ings of $1 to $1.10 increased slightly in all areas
except Hickory, where there was no change.8
Proportions of workers with earnings of $1.10 or
more remained the same or changed very little
in this period in the 7 areas (table 2).
In the following year, there was much greater
movement in wage rates in nonsubject industries
than in the 2-month period in which the $1
minimum became effective. Increases in rates
were widely distributed in each area with none
of the areas showing marked increases in pro­
portions of workers with earnings ranging from
$1 to $1.10. The largest increase in this earnings
range was in Dalton, where the proportion of
workers increased from 16 percent in April 1956
to 20 percent in April 1957. Proportions of
workers earning less than $1 declined somewhat
in all areas except Athens (58 percent in both

• In some Instances, these were workers in establishments in which at least
some of their workers were covered by the Federal minimum but on the
basis of the establishment’s major activity, it was appropriately included
in the nonsubject industry group as defined for the study.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

741

periods), and the proportion of workers earning
$1.10 or more increased in all areas.
Over the entire period from February 1956 to
April 1957, declines in proportions of workers
earning less than $1 an hour in nonsubject
industries ranged from 3 percentage points in
Athens to 12 percentage points in two areas.
Even by April 1957, however, from 48 percent of
the workers in these industries in SunburyShamokin-Mt. Carmel to 58 percent in 4 areas
were paid less than $1 an hour. In the opening
and closing months of this 14-month period,
proportions of workers earning from $1 to $1.10
were the same in Athens and Ft. Smith (9 percent
in each); in Dalton, there was an increase of 9
percentage points (from 11 to 20 percent); in the
other areas, increases were much smaller (from
2 to 4 percentage points). In the same period,
proportions of workers earning $1.10 or more
increased from 3 percentage points in Athens
and Dalton to 8 percentage points in Meridian
and Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel.
Differentials in the level
of average hourly earnings between subject and

E arnings Differentials.

T able 3. Excess of average straight-time hourly earnings 1
of nonsupervisory workers in subject industries over non­
subject industries 2 in 7 areas, by sex and selected payroll
periods
Percent
Area and sex

Athens, Ga.:
All nonsupervisory workers___
M en.......................................
Women_________________
Dalton, Ga.:
All nonsupervisory workers___
M en.__________________
Women.... .................
Dothan, Ala.:
All nonsupervisory workers.......
M en___________________
Women........ ........................
Fort Smith, Ark.:
All nonsupervisory workers___
M en___________________
Women.................. ...............
Hickory, N. C.:
All nonsupervisory workers___
M en......................................
Women________________
Meridian, Miss.:
All nonsupervisory workers.......
M e n .....................................
Women________________
Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel,
Pa.:
All nonsupervisory workers......
M en................................. .
Women________________

Cents per hour

Feb. Apr. Apr. Feb. Apr. Apr.
1956 1956 1957 1956 1956 1957
17
15
28

29
23
43

29
24
39

16
15
22

27
24
34

28
26
33

26
9
61

28
12
63

27
12
56

24
10
42

26
13
45

27
14
44

14
4
36

27
15
47

21
8
46

13
4
28

25
16
37

21
9
36

51
31
59

52
32
61

51
34
62

46
34
43

48
36
45

49
39
48

29
16
42

36
20
54

32
19
47

26
17
30

32
22
39

31
22
37

39
16
68

50
22
89

43
19
76

32
17
41

42
24
55

39
21
52

31
24
44

36
25
52

33
24
49

30
29
36

35
30
42

34
31
42

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
1 For industries included in the subject and nonsubject groups, see text
footnote 4.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

742
T able 4. Excess of average straight-time hourly earnings 1
of skilled maintenance workers over those of men custodial
workers in subject industries3 in 7 areas, selected payroll
periods
Cents per hour

Percent
Area

Feb. Apr. Apr. Feb. Apr. Apr.
1956 1956 1957 1956 1956 1957

Athens, Ga__ ____ _____________
Dalton, G a............................. ..........
Dothan, Ala_______ ___________
Fort Smith, Ark________________
Hickory, N. C _________________
Meridian, Miss ________________
Sunbury-Shamokin-Mt. Carmel,
P a ____________________ _____

59
50
72
91
51
92

53
42
51
76
45
69

53
40
62
76
50
75

58
50
64
94
51
78

55
45
52
86
47
68

57
44
65
90
54
77

74

64

64

77

72

75

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
1 For industries Included, see text footnote 4.

nonsubject industries increased in both relative
and

a b so lu te

term s

in

all

areas

d u rin g

th e

February-April 1956 period (table 3). Between
April 1956 and April 1957, the relative pay
advantage of workers in subject industries
narrowed in all areas except Athens, where there
was no change (29 percent); differences in cents
per hour narrowed slightly in 4 areas, but increased
1 cent in 3 areas. However, the relative and
absolute differences remained greater in April
1957 than in February 1956, before the higher
minimum became effective, in all areas except
Fort Smith, where the relative difference was the
same (51 percent in both periods) and the centsper-hour difference was slightly wider (46 cents
in February 1956 and 49 cents in April 1957).
There were minor variations from the changes
that occurred in earnings levels for all workers
combined and those that occurred for men and
women in some areas. However, differences in
pay levels between subject and nonsubject indus­
tries were much greater for women than for men
in all areas in April 1957, as in February 1956.
O ccu pation al E a rn in g s D ifferen tia ls. As a result
of increases necessary to bring workers in subject
industries earning less than $1 an hour up to that
minimum, the earnings levels of unskilled workers
increased significantly in the February-April 1956
period in most of the areas; on the other hand,
earnings levels of skilled workers remained about
the same. For example, both the relative and
absolute differences in the earnings of male custodial
and skilled maintenance workers narrowed in all
areas between February and April 1956. Relative


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occupational differentials existing prior to the new
minimum had not been restored by April 1957.
However, in all areas some establishments made
adjustments in their wage structure after April
1956 by giving larger increases to skilled workers
or restricting increases to skilled workers. As
shown in table 4, considerable widening of both
relative and absolute differentials over those that
existed in April 1956 occurred during the year in
Dothan, Hickory, and Meridian, whereas relatively
little change in differentials occurred in any of
the other areas.
Minimum Wage Rates

The lowest hiring rate for inexperienced workers
(except watchmen) in unskilled jobs was obtained
in each of the three periods studied. For estab­
lishments with a specified minimum, the most
prevalent entrance rate in February 1956 in sub­
ject industries was 75 cents an hour in all areas
except Dalton. Some adjustments had been
made in that area before the February period
studied in anticipation of the higher Federal
minimum. Entrance rates below $1 in February
1956 were reported in 40 percent of the establish­
ments having specified rates in subject industries
in Dalton, slightly more than half in Fort Smith,
and from 60 to 90 percent of the establishments
in the other 5 areas. By April 1956, virtually all
entrance rates in subject industries had been
increased to the $1 level or above. In fact, the
specified entrance minimum had become $1 in
about three-fourths of the establishments with
such rates in subject industries in SunburyShamokin-Mt. Carmel, and in a higher proportion
of such establishments in all other areas. A few
establishments raised this rate during the follow­
ing year, but $1 remained the predominant en­
trance rate in all areas in April 1957.
In nonsubject industries, the entrance rate in all
areas was below $1 an hour in April 1957 in a
majority of the establishments with a specified
minimum. A few establishments that had rates
below $1 in February 1956 had adopted a minimum
of $1 by April 1957.
Adjustments to the $1 Minimum
Scheduled W eek ly H o u rs. A majority of the plant
and office workers in subject industries were

THE $1 MINIMUM WAGE IN SEVEN AREAS

scheduled to work 40 hours a week in both
February 1956 and April 1957 in each area.
Longer weekly schedules were much more preva­
lent in nonsubject industries than in subject
industries in all areas. In the 14-month period
from February 1956 to April 1957, there was
some reduction in the proportion of plant and
office workers on weekly schedules of more than
40 hours in subject industries in all areas and in
nonsubject industries in a majority of the areas.
The general trend to a shorter standard work­
week and, in some establishments (mainly manu­
facturing), a decline in business apparently
accounted for many of the changes to a 40-hour
week. A number of employers in subject indus­
tries indicated that more attention was being
given to work flow to minimize overtime premium
pay; however, this development generally did not
shorten the regular weekly schedule established
for a majority of their workers.
Employ­
ment changes between February and April 1956
in these areas did not appear to be related to the
change in the Federal minimum. In Athens,
Dothan, and Meridian, where the largest pro­
portion of workers in subject industries were
paid less than $1 an hour in February 1956
(48, 49, and 45 percent, respectively), there
was little change in subject industry employment
in this period. Hickory and Sunbury-ShamokinMt. Carmel had the largest changes in employ­
ment in these industries (declines of 5 percent),
but at the same time had substantially lower
proportions of workers under $1 prior to the
introduction of the higher minimum than the 3
areas mentioned. In the following year, most
of the areas showed some increase in employment
over April 1956, although there were declines
E m p lo y m e n t a n d P la n t A d ju stm e n ts.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

743

in some manufacturing industries within these
areas which employers attributed to reductions
in orders.
Few employers in subject industries indicated
that they found it necessary to discharge workers
in adjusting to the higher Federal minimum.
Among establishments studied in the 7 areas,
the discharge of 39 workers in the period shortly
before and after the $1 minimum became effective
was attributed by employers directly to the
increase in the minimum; in the following year,
virtually none of the employers interviewed gave
this as the reason for discharging workers. Most
of the employers who attributed the discharge
of workers to the higher minimum indicated
that replacements were hired. In addition, there
were also some employees paid piece rates, in
such industries as apparel and textiles, whose
earnings averaged less than $1 an hour and who
were discharged for inefficiency.
In a majority of the establishments, it is not
clear that any special measures were taken to
adjust to the higher minimum. Some employers
offset the wage increases at least in part by
increasing prices of their products, although
generally they indicated that this was not possible
because of competition. A few of the employers
in each area indicated that they were employing
other means to offset the higher wage rates, the
most common of which were closer control of
overtime work, higher production standards, more
rigid hiring and layoff practices, reorganisation
of plant layout for greater efficiency, redesign
of product, and installation of laborsaving
machinery. Employers frequently indicated that
some of the changes being made were part of a
long-range program to increase productivity and
were not necessarily due to the increase in the
Federal minimum wage.

Summaries of Studies and Reports

Paid Vacations in Major
Union Contracts, 1957
T he extension and liberalization of paid vaca­
tions for wage earners have been important
features of collective bargaining over the past
two decades—with profound social as well as
economic implications. In 1940, the U. S.
Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics
estimated that only about a fourth of all organized
wage earners in the United States received annual
vacations with pay.1 For the majority of these
workers, the maximum vacation period for which
they were eligible was 1 week. A few agreements
provided for up to 2 weeks of vacation; in only rare
instances was provision made for 3- or 4-week
vacations. In 1957, all but 8 percent of 1,813
agreements covering 1,000 or more workers pro­
vided for paid vacations, and maximum vacations
of 3 weeks or more were the rule rather than the
exception.
By 1949, the principle of paid vacations for
wage earners was firmly established. However,
length of vacations and eligibility requirements
continued to be frequently recurring issues in
collective bargaining, and substantial changes
were effected between 1949 and 1957. In early
1949, 3 out of 5 negotiated vacation plans provided
for a maximum vacation allowance of 2 weeks.2
Also, for the first time, a significant portion of the
agreements studied by the Bureau (one-third)
provided for vacations in excess of 2 weeks. By
this time, maximum vacations of 1 week or less
were included in only about 5 percent of the plans.
By 1952, virtually all of the negotiated plans
studied had maximum allowances of 2 weeks or
more.3 Almost half of the 1952 plans stipulated
maximum allowances of 3 weeks, but only about
4 percent were for as much as 4 weeks.
In 1957, uniform or graduated vacation plans
that provided for maximum vacations of less than
2 weeks were reduced to 1 percent of the total
744

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

plans. Almost two-thirds of the plans allowed
maximum vacations of 3 or 3% weeks; an additional
20 percent provided maximum allowances of 4
weeks or more. (See chart.)
Increases in maximum vacation allowances have
been accompanied by a reduction in length-ofservice requirements. In 1952, for example, less
than 0.5 percent of the workers under agreements
providing a maximum vacation of 3 weeks were
eligible for the maximum after service of 5 years
or less, as compared with almost 3 percent in 1957.
Although only 4 percent of the workers were
eligible for a 3-week vacation after 10 years or
less in 1952, almost 15 percent of the workers
qualified with similar service requirements in 1957.
Scope of Study

The study from which this article was excerpted
represents the Bureau’s most comprehensive ex­
amination of paid vacation practices under collec­
tive bargaining.4 Agreements were analyzed in
detail for such matters as prevalence and types of
vacation plans, length of vacation, service and
work requirements, vacation patterns, and vaca­
tion pay. Also included in the analysis were
various aspects relating to the operation and ad­
ministration of vacation plans, notably pay in
lieu of time off, scheduling of vacations, and vaca­
tion rights for employees entering or returning
from military service or upon termination of em­
ployment.
l
See Vacations with Pay in Union Agreements (in M onthly Labor Review,
November 1940, pp. 1070-1077).
* See Paid Vacations Under Collective Agreements, 1949 (in Monthly
Labor Review, November 1949, pp. 518-522).
* See Paid Vacation Provisions in Collective Agreements, 1952 (in Monthly
Labor Review, August 1952, pp. 162-167).
* See Paid Vacation Plans in Major Union Contracts, 1957, Bureau of
Labor Statistics Bull. 1233. In addition to the analysis presented in this
article, the bulletin presents data on length of vacation and service require­
ments by industry, minimum work requirements, qualifying dates, vaca­
tion pay, pay in lieu of vacation, scheduling vacations, split vacations,
accumulation of vacation leave, vacation allowances for employees entering
or returning from military service, effect of termination on employee’s vaca­
tion rights, holidays during vacation period, and vacations for part-time
and seasonal workers.

PAID VACATIONS IN UNION CONTRACTS

745

The study was based on 1,813 collective bargain­
ing agreements, each covering 1,000 or more
workers, or virtually all agreements of this size
in the United States, exclusive of railroads and
airlines.5 Approximately 8 million workers were
covered, or almost half of all the workers estimated
to be under agreements in the United States, ex­
clusive of railroads and airlines. Of these, 5 mil­
lion workers, covered by 1,187 agreements, were
in manufacturing, and 626 agreements applied to
3 million workers in nonmanufacturing establish­
ments (table 1).
All but a few 6 of the 1,813 agreements were in
effect during 1957. Approximately 50 percent of
the agreements, covering 40 percent of the workers,
were scheduled to expire by the end of the year.
' The Bureau does not maintain a file of railroad and airline agreements,
hence their omission from this study. For an analysis of the characteristics
of the major agreements studied, see Characteristics of Major Union Con­
tracts (in Monthly Labor Review, July 1956, pp. 805-811).
« These agreements expired late in 1956 and current agreements were not
available at the time of the study.

Thirty percent of the agreements studied, covering
about 35 percent of the workers, were to expire in
1958. The rest of the agreements were to con­
tinue in effect beyond the end of 1958.
Prevalence and Types of Plans

Over 90 percent of the 1,813 agreements ana­
lyzed provided some form of paid vacation allow­
ance (table 1). In 9 out of 10 agreements, these
allowances took the form of graduated vacations
based upon length of service in a definite formula.
Practically all manufacturing agreements provided
for paid vacations, as against 78 percent of the
nonmanufacturing agreements. Of 149 agree­
ments without vacation provisions, 120 were in
the construction industry and applied to more than
85 percent of all workers not covered by a vacation
provision.
In the present study, 91 percent of the agree­
ments with vacation benefits established gradu-

Maximum Vacation Allowances, Uniform and Graduated Plans, in Selected Collective
Bargaining Agreements, 1949, 1952, and 1957
1,314 AGREEMENTS

1 Week
or Less

Over
2 Weeks

1949

Week

1952
1,529 AGREEMENTS

Less Than
2 and
2 Weeks* 2V2Weeks
VÏ


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4 Weeks
or More

" '/ / S ''/ / / ;

f / s / f. / y s -ry s

1957

3 and
3V2Weeks
\

15%Kg
"A

64%

20%
/////////////////,
/////////////////*

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

746
T

able

1.

Vacation plans in major collective bargaining agreements by industry, 1957
Agreements providing paid vacations
Number studied
Graduated plans

Total

Other plans 1

Agreements pro­
viding no paid
vacations

Industry
Agree­
ments

Workers
(thou­
sands)

Agree­
ments

Workers Agree­
(thou­ ments
sands)

Workers Agree­
(thou­ ments
sands)

Workers
(thou­
sands)

Agree­
ments

Workers
(thou­
sands)

All industries....................................................................... .

1,813

8,024. 6

1,664

7,314.9

1,515

6, 419.4

149

895.6

149

709.7

Manufacturing......... ................................ ................

1,187

5,074.4

1,175

5,039. 7

1,089

4,635.0

86

404.7

12

34.7

Ordnance
_ __
__________________________
Food and kindred products____ ____________________
Tobacco manufactures_____________________________
Textile-mill products
Apparel and other finished textile products_____ _____ _
Uiimhcr And wood products (except furniture)
Furniture and fixtures
Paper and allied products
Printing publishing and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products
Products of petroleum and coal . __________________
"Rubber products
"Leather and leather products
Stone clay and glass products
P r i m a r y metal i n d u s t r i e s
Fabricated metal products____ _____________________
Machinery (except electrical)
Electrical machinery _ _ ______________________
Transportation equipment
instrum ents and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_______ ______

14
118
12
53
54
17
23
54
36
60
26
23
23
40
119
68
149
114
145
27
12

28.1
384.2
33.3
128.9
488.4
44 2
37.4
124. 7
70 2
127.5
78.6
130.4
78.5
120 7
720.8
187.5
410.3
473.8
1,324.1
60.1
23.4

14
116
11
53
49
17
23
54
36
60
26
23
23
40
119
66
149
112
145
27
12

28.1
379.7
31.1
128.9
469.9
44.2
37.4
124.7
70.2
127.5
78.6
130.4
78. 5
120. 7
720.8
182.0
410.3
469.8
1,324.1
60.1
23.4

12
113
11
49
17
15
21
54
17
52
25
23
20
40
119
64
147
112
141
26
11

25.3
375.0
31.1
113.5
201.3
39. 7
32.0
124.7
30.1
112.2
77.2
130.4
70.5
120.7
720.8
175.7
403.7
469.8
1,303.4
58.6
19.9

2
3

2.8
4.7

4
32
2
2

15.4
268.6
4.5
5.4

2
1

4.5
2.2

5

18.5

19
8
1

40.1
15.3
1.4

3

8.0

2
2

6.3
6.6

4
1
1

20.7
1.6
3.5

N onmanufacturing.....................................................

626

2,950.2

489

2,275.2

426

1,784.4

63

Mining, crude petroleum, and natural-gas production...
Transportation J__________________ _______________
Communications
Utilities: Electric and gas
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
TTntels and restaurants
Services___________________ ________ ____________
Construction__ _____ ________ ___________ _______
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries__________

18
114
76
77
14
86
30
58
149
4

264.8
587.7
571. 5
201.2
26.7
254.0
161.4
187.1
689.5
6.5

18
110
76
77
13
86
30
49
29
1

264.8
563.0
571. 5
201.2
25.2
254.0
161. 4
153.1
80.0
1.2

16
81
76
75
13
82
30
46
6
1

34.8
401.4
571.5
186.6
25.2
244.2
161.4
146.9
11.4
1.2

2
29
2

14.6

4

9.8

3
23

6.3
68.6

1 See table 2 for types of nongraduated plans.
* Excludes railroads and airlines.

ated plans. The remaining agreements had pro­
visions for pooling fixed employer contributions
in a central fund which, in turn, provided vaca­
tion pay allowances directly to the workers ; ratioto-work plans whereby the vacation granted was
based upon days or hours worked during the year
rather than upon length of service; uniform plans
under which all workers received the same vacation
allowance, regardless of differences among workers
in amount of time worked during the year or
length of service; and a few plans combining
features of more than one type of vacation plan
or another benefit.
Almost all of the 1,218 single-employer agree­
ments included in this study contained provisions
for graduated vacation plans (table 2). On the
other hand, a fourth of the 595 multiemployer
plans providing paid vacations utilized the other
types of vacation plans, chiefly funded arrange­
ments.


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2

5.5

2

4.0

490.9

137

675.0

230.0
161.6

4

24.7

i

9
120
3

1. 5
34.0
609.5
5.3

N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of Individual items do not necessarily
equal totals.

Nongraduated Multiemployer Plans

Sixty-six multiemployer agreements provided
for pooling of employer contributions into central
vacation funds.7 Almost all of these plans were
in industries characterized by a high degree of
seasonal or irregular employment or frequent job
changes, e. g., apparel, maritime, and construc­
tion.
In the apparel industry, agreements usually
called for the payment of a specified percentage
of weekly wages into a health and welfare or
similarly titled fund. An example follows:
Each member of the Association shall continue to pay
weekly . . . to . . . [the union] for the said Vacation
i This study understates the prevalence of pooled vacation funds in major
situations. For example, the national agreement between the Clothing
Manufacturers Association of the United States of America and the Amalga­
mated Clothing Workers of America makes no reference to a vacation fund,
but supplementary local agreements in this industry provide for such arrange­
ments. Supplementary local agreements were not included in this study.

PAID VACATIONS IN UNION CONTRACTS

747

and Health Fund of a sum equal to 4% percent of the
weekly wages . . .

Two-thirds of the 30 pooled funds in the apparel
industry were unilaterally administered by the
union.8 However, a few large agreements in this
industry (covering almost 150,000 workers) called
for the establishment of a joint board composed
or representatives of the union and employer
groups, to be headed by an impartial chairman.
Examples of clauses establishing unilaterally and
jointly administered plans follow:
Each employer, member of the Association, agrees to
pay weekly to [the union] 5% percent of its weekly payroll
for all its employees covered by this agreement towards
the Health, Welfare, and Vacation Fund . . . for the
purpose of providing workers eligible therefor with health,
welfare, and other benefits and contributions to their
vacation benefits . . . Said . . . funds having been estab­
lished prior to January 1, 1946, are to be maintained and
administered by [the union] in accordance with the bylaws
or rules and regulations adopted by [the union].
*

*

*

*

Virtually all pooled vacation plans in the apparel
industry made no reference to time off, vacation
pay, or other rules governing vacations.9 Some
of the plans stated that the contributions to the
fund were to be completely divorced from the
question as to whether the employee received
time off :
Contributions towards vacation benefits shall be paid
wholly independent of and without relation to any par­
ticular vacation week and irrespective of whether or not
the worker takes a vacation.

A majority of the 16 funded plans in the mari­
time industry called for a sliding scale based upon
the number of days employed during a given
period :
Number of

*

The Health and Welfare Fund shall . . . be admin­
istered by a board of trustees composed of 8 representa­
tives of the union, each having }{ of a vote, and the
[representatives of the employer association] each having
1 full vote. The impartial chairman provided for . . .
shall be the public member thereof and shall have the
8 Section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, made it unlaw­
ful for any employer to make payments into trust funds unilaterally adminis­
tered by the union. Section 302 (g), however, provided that this pro­
hibition did not apply to funds in existence prior to January 1,1946, nor
should it be “construed as prohibiting contributions to such trust funds if
prior to January 1, 1947, such funds contained provisions for pooled vacation
benefits.”
• For actual vacation payments under pooled plans in the women’s apparel
industry, see Earnings in the Women’s and Misses Coat and Suit Industry
(in M onthly Labor Review, November 1957, p. 1347).

T able 2.

power to break any deadlock which may arise between
the union and employer representatives on the board in
connection with the administration of the fund: the
decision of the impartial chairman shall be final and
binding.

Number of days employed by contributing employers in
a spread of S60 days

vacation
benefits

90________________________________________
180_______________________________________
270-----------------------------------------------------------360_______________________________________

3
7
10
14

In addition to the benefits [above], if an employee has
been in the continuous employ of 1 employer for 360
consecutive days, he shall be entitled to an additional
14 days of vacation benefits . . . The amount of vacation
benefits shall be prorated in accordance with the average
base rate of pay received by the employee in the period
used for computing eligibility . . .

Other plans in maritime agreements referred to a
vacation fund, but did not furnish details.

Types of vacation plans in major collective bargaining agreements, by type of employer unit, 1957
Total

Single employer

Multiemployer group

Type of plan
Agreements

Workers
(thousands)

Agreements

Workers
(thousands)

Agreements

Workers
(thousands)

Total agreements studied...............................................................................................

1,813

8,024.6

1,218

5,104.4

595

2,920.2

Total with paid vacation provisions______ ____ ____________________________
Graduated plan—vacation period and pay vary by length of service____ IH I
Uniform plan—same vacation period to all eligible workers; vacation pay
based on employee’s earnings............. ........ ................... ............. ......................
Uniform plan—same vacation period and pay to all eligible workers...........II!
Employer contribution to pooled vacation fund__________ ______ ________
Ratio-to-work plan (based on days or hours worked rather than length of serv­
ic e ) ............ ......... .................................... ................................. ___!..................
Reference to vacation plan—no details given____________________________
Other t______________ _______________________________________ IIIIII!
Total without paid vacation provisions....................................................... IIIIIII I!

1,664
1,515

7,314.9
6,419.4

1,213
1,185

5,094.6
4,998.7

451
330

2,220.3
1,420.7

14
2
66

41.8
230.0
409.9

4

21.6

10
2
66

20.2
230.0
409.9

37
20
10
149

93.7
69.2
51.1
709.7

3
18
3
5

4.4
65.8
4.1
9.8

34
2
7
144

89.3
3.4
47.0
699.9

1
Includes combined vacation and sick leave allowances and plans which
combined features of several of the vacation provisions shown separately.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal totals.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

748
Pooled vacation plans in the construction
industry generally specified cents-per-hour or a
percent of weekly payroll contributions to a
jointly administered vacation fund or health and
welfare fund. Provisions governing the length of
the vacation period, the amount of vacation pay,
and minimum work and service requirements were
usually not set forth. Generally, these agree­
ments stipulated that the yearly vacation benefits
were to be determined by the trustees of the fund.
Thirty-four out of 37 ratio-to-work plans were
found in multiemployer agreements—17 of them
in theprintingindustry. They usually provided for
maximum vacations of 3 weeks after 1 year of serv­
ice, and time off prorated on the basis of 1 day’s
vacation for each 16 days worked for those em­
ployees working less than a full year:

Employees who have held situations for an entire calen­
dar year shall be entitled to 3 week’s vacation with pay
during the succeeding calendar year . . . Employees
who have held situations for part of a calendar year shall
be entitled during the following calendar year to 1 day’s
vacation with pay for each 16 days worked as a regular
situation holder.

Of the remaining 20 ratio-to-work plans, 8 were
found in trucking and longshoring agreements;
the rest were distributed among 4 manufacturing
and 3 nonmanufacturing industries.
Uniform plans negotiated by multiemployer
groups appeared in only 12 agreements, but were
of significance in that 2 contracts represented vir­
tually all workers in anthracite and bituminouscoal mining. These two agreements provided for
an annual payment of $140 and $180, respec-

T able 3. Maximum length of vacation provided in graduated plans in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1957
Maximum length of vacation 1

Industry

1 week

1Vi weeks

2 weeks

2)4 weeks

3 weeks

3Yi weeks

4 weeks

Over 4 weeks

Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Agree­ ers Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers
ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
All industries________________
Manufacturing
Ordnance
_ _________
Pond and kindred products_____
Tohaccn manufactures_______
Textile mill p ro d u cts_________
Apparel and other finished textile
products
Lumber and wood products (ex­
cept furniture)__ ___________
Furniture and fixtures_________
Paper and allied products______
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries _
____________
Ohomicals and allied products__
Products of petroleum and coal
Rubber products____ _ ______
Tjp.at.her and leather p ro d u cts.__
Stone, clay, and glass products.-Prim ary metal ind u stries._____
Fabricated metal products_____
Machinery (except electrical)___
"Electrical machinery. ________
Transportation equipm ent._____
Instruments and related products.
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries__ _______________
N onmanufacturing_______
Mining, crude petroleum, and
natural-gas production . . .
Transportation 2 ________ _ _
Clommuni cations ___________
Utilities* Flectric and gas
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
"Hotels and restaurants
Services
Uon struct ion
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing
industries

4

16.9

4

11.8

202

764.0

24

63.8

888 3,711.8

86

682.0

302 1,153. 2

4

16.9

4

11.8

132

505.5

21

60.0

656 2, 735.5

82

669.9

190

635.6

1

4.0

1
7
2
35

1.4
14.5
5. 5
89.7

1

3.3

41

153.7

2

1

1.0

12

182.3

1

12
9
1

31.9
15.8
1.4

4

9.5

10
2
3
6
6
3
13

32.7
19.4
7.4
12.0
15.3
6.7
47.2

3
3

1

15.7

1.2

7.8

20.7
202.9
25.6
12.1

1.8

1

1.5

1
10
24

2.0
12.7
41.4

4.6
3.7
1.1
3.2
38.3

16
28.1
23
55.4
1
1.2
18
54.9
9
36.4
27
75.9
59
135.3
45
91.4
117 337.6
85 389.5
105 1,164.2
21
43.3

1
1

2.3
1.2

2
1
28

5.8
1.3
80.8

1
1

1.2
1.4

3
48
7
5
5
10

4.8
557.8
27.6
18.6
12.8
42.4

1
25
23
4
1
7
6

2.0
47.3
74.8
74.2
1.4
19.4
15.7
41.1
31.2
57.7
11.4
15.3

4

18
18
4
5

16.1

6

13.2

1

1.2

3

3.7

1

1.8

70

258.5

3

3.9

232

976.4

4

12.1

112

517.6

5

16.1

1
10

1.9
23.9

1
4
11
20
18
5

4.4
7.3
26.2
131.6
53.0
10.4

9.8
98.2
528.0
68.5
16.1
165.4
29.8
58.5
1.0

12.1

2.9

5
34
70
27
8
58
10
18
1

4

2

6
35
6
42
1
13

11.1
276.5
43.6
97.7
1.8
52.6

5

16.1

9

34.4

1

1.2

i Agreements which provided pay in lieu of vacation were classified accord­
ing to the number of weeks’ pay provided; when vacation pay was expressed
as percentage of total annual earnings, 2 percent was considered equivalent
to 1 week’s vacation.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

3
2
1
1
9

2.9

10
64
9
8

5

1

1.0

* Excludes railroads and airlines.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal totals.

749

PAID VACATIONS IN UNION CONTRACTS
T able 4.

Length of service required, for specific vacation allowances in graduated plans, major collective bargaining agree­
ments,1 1957
Length of vacation period
week

1 week

1)4 weeks

2 weeks

2)4 weeks

3 weeks

3)4 weeks

Length of service required

4 weeks and
over 8

Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Agree­
ers
Agree­
ers Agree­
ers Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­
ers Agree­ ers
Agree­
ers
ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
Total__________________
Less than 6 months...........
6 months but less than 1
year...................................
1 year_______ ___________
Over 1 but less than 2 years.
2 years_______ _________
Over 2 but less than 3 years3 years. _______________
4 years................ ..................
5 years_________________
6 years..................... ........... .
7 years_________________
8 years_________________
9 years______ __________
10 years________________
11 years________________
12 years____________ ____
13 years________________
14 years________________
15 years________________
18 years________________
19 years________________
20 years _ ______________
21 years________________
24 years________________
25 years________________
26 years________________
30 years________________
Over 30 years. _________
Other 8_________________

292 1,013. 4
84

239.5

207

772.8

1

1.1

1,358 5, 705.6
55

437 2,602.1

1,493 6,318.7

355 2,356.6

1,274 5, 538.4

106

734.8

312

1,185.3

4

13.6

136.4

218
872.3
L 077 4,674.7
18.3
7
1
4.0

50
150.5
17
61.6
52
200.8
45
149.5
4
17.5
260 2, 005. 4
5
8.9
1
4.0

3

4.2

29
248
20
293
2
312
37
545
3
1

97.7
1,084. 7
52.8
1,073.3
2.5
1,187. 4
84.6
2, 719.6
4.3
1.0

3

10.6

2
5

8.4
27.9

1
1.6
4
13. 4
7
11.3
3
26.6
22
135 8
3
14.3
10
20.3
15
48.0
28.1
13
181 1,642.0
47.7
12
276.8
51
1
1.2
1
2.0
12
23.8

1

4.5

11

23.3

3

9.6

7
1
7
1
47

12.5
1.6
20. 4
1.2
111.7

5
18. 4
8
26.9
2
6.3
226 599.2
5
78.5
85
529.9
1
1.0
11
24.3
834 4,029.8
5
13
2

12. 4
25.3
4.6

11

25.3

2

3.1

2

4.3

3

4.6

16

53.8

7
1

17.3
2.0

4
4
1
66

9.9
11.3
1.5
624.8

64

334.9

13

29.4

8
213
1
7
2

21.6
721.4
4.8
42.0
10.2

11,515 agreements covering 6,419,400 workers.
8 5 agreements provide vacation allowances of over 4 weeks: 4 of these
agreements covering 11,300 workers grant more than 4 weeks after 25 years
of service; the remaining agreement, covering 4,800 workers provide over
4 weeks after 26 years’ service.

* Includes agreements which provide half weekly increments for service
requirements not separately shown, typically less than intervals of a full year.
N o t e . Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal totals.

tively, to each worker, plus a vacation period of
14 calendar days.

for over 4 weeks’ vacation, generally 4% weeks,
i. e., 23 working days.
Liberalization of maximum vacation allowances
under graduated plans has been accompanied by
a reduction in the length of service required to
receive a specific amount of vacation. Although
1 year’s service remained the usual requirement
for a 1-week vacation in 1957, approximately 20
percent of the 1,358 graduated plans providing for
a week’s vacation required less than a year of serv­
ice. Only eight plans required more than a year’s
service (table 4). Virtually all plans provided for
a 2-week vacation after 5 years or less, and 3 out
of 5 required service of 3 years or less. Thus,
although 5 years still remains the predominant
service requirement in this category, the lesser
periods appear to be gaining ground. Almost a
fifth of the plans allowed 2 weeks’ vacation after
service of a year or less.
The predominant requirement for a 3-week
vacation was 15 years of service, accounting for

Graduated Plans

A maximum vacation of 3 weeks or longer was
provided by 4 out of 5 of the 1,515 graduated plans
(table 3). Industries in which a majority of the
agreements (either in terms of number of agree­
ments or workers covered) did not provide for
vacations of at least 3 weeks were textiles, apparel,
lumber, miscellaneous manufacturing, hotels, and
construction.
Maximum allowances of 4 weeks appeared in
approximately a fifth of the graduated plans.
Principal manufacturing industries in which a sub­
stantial number of agreements provided for 4
weeks’ vacation included food, paper, chemicals,
and petroleum. More than two-thirds of the 4week provisions in nonmanufacturing agreements
were in transportation and electric and gas utili­
ties. Five agreements in electric utilities provided

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

750
two-thirds of the plans providing for such vacation
allowances. However, service of 10 years or less
was required by nearly a fourth of the agreements.
Only 2 percent of the agreements required more
than 15 years. Twenty-five years of service were
required by two-thirds of the plans providing a
4-week vacation. A fourth of the 4-week plans
required service of 20 years or less. The shortest
length-of-service requirement for 4 weeks was 5
years, which appeared in 4 agreements.
Over a third of the graduated plans provided for
vacation allowances of fractions of a week in
addition to full weekly units. For example, an
agreement might provide for a 1-week vacation
after 1 year of service, 2 weeks after 5 years, and
1 additional day for each year of service between
1 and 5. Thus, a worker with 3 years of service
would be entitled to 1 week and 2 days.10 Another
frequent clause provided for a 2-week vacation
with 80 hours’ pay after 5 years of service, 2%
weeks with 100 hours’ pay after 10 years, and 3
weeks with 120 hours’ pay after 15 years.
T able 5.

A majority of plans providing vacations at the
1^-week level required service of 3 years (table 4).
Almost all of the remaining plans required between
1 and 3 years of service. The service requirements
for a 2%-week vacation varied widely, but half
of the 2^-week plans required 10 years of service;
a majority of the remainder required less than
10 years. Provision for a 3^-week vacation ap­
peared in 106 plans, more than half of which were
at the 25-year level. Five plans provided for
over 4 weeks but less than 5—4 were effective
after 25 years of service and 1 after 26.
Provision was also made in a number of agree­
ments for less than weekly allowances to employees
who did not meet the standard service require­
ments. Such agreements usually provided that
short service employees received a prorata vaca­
tion based upon total service during the preceding
period; a specified number of days off, but vacation
w For the purposes of this study, a half week was computed as 2 days but
less than 4 days, or 16 hours but less than 32 hours, or 1 percent but less than
2 percent of annual earnings.

Identical graduated paid vacation plans found in 10 or more major agreements, 19571
Graduated vacation plans (maximum allowance)

Agreements Workers
836

4,172.1

29
42
11
32

120.9
90.0
22.2
103.8

Y week for 6 months to 1 year, 1 week for1year,
1Y weeks for1 year but less than 2 years, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 15 years-----13
10
Y week for 6 months to 1 year, 1 week for1year,
2 weeks for 2years,
3
weeks for 15 years..................................
10
Y week for 6 months to 1 year, 1 week for1year,
2 weeks for 3years,
3
weeks for 15 years.............................. ...
14
Y week for 6 months to 1 year, 1 week for1year,
2 weeks for 5years,
3
weeks for 15 years-------------------------31
l week for 6 months to 1 year, 2 weeks for 1 year, 3 weeks for 15 years_____________________________________________________
22
1 week for 6 months to 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 15 years_____________________________________________________
52
1 week for 1 year, 1Y weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5 years, 2Y weeks for 10 years, 3 weeks for 15 years--------------- ----------- ----------12
1 week for 1 year, \ Y weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5 years, 2 Y weeks for 12 years, 3 weeks for 15 years...................................................
18
1 week for 1 year, l Y weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5 years, 3 weeks for 15 years_______________________________________ ____
19
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 5 years________________________________________________________________
29
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 10 years_______________________________________________________________
52
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 15 years---------- ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- ------- ------------27
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 3 years, 3 weeks for 10 years-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 3 years, 3 weeks for 15 years_______________________________________________________________
10
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 5 years, 2Y weeks for 10 years, 3 weeks for 15 years--------------------------- ------- -------------------------------129
1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 5 years, 3 weeks for 15 years-------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------15
2 weeks for 1 year, 3 weeks for 12 years__________________________________________________________________________________
18
2 weeks for 1 year, 3 weeks for 15 years------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------------------------------------------------------------

84.9
24.4
46.4
27.2
176.2
190.8
843.3
164.4
56.6
45.3
77.5
169.6
75.0
72.0
23.0
385.2
105.9
63.9

Total accounted for.
2
1
1
1
1

week
week
week
week

WEEKS

for 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years_________________________________________________________________________________
for 1 year, 2 weeks for 3 years..----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ --------------------------------for 1 year, 1Y weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5 years------ ------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------for 1 year, 2 weeks for 5 years_________________________________________________________________________________
3

ZY

WEEKS

weeks

1 week for 1 year, \ Y weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5 years, 2Y weeks for 10 years, 3 weeks for 15 years, ZY weeks for 25 y e a rs..............
4

595.5

10
17
21
31
15
21
22

17.9
48.2
231.3
165.2
27.8
65.8
52.5

weeks

1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 10 years, 4 weeks for 20 years------------- ------ ------------------- ------ -------------------------1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 2 years, 3 weeks for 15 years, 4 weeks for 25 years-------------------------- ------ ----------- ---------------------------1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 3 years, 3 weeks for 12 years, 4 weeks for 20 years------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 3 years, 3 weeks for 15 years, 4 weeks for 25 years---- ------- --------------- -------------------------------------------1 week for 1 year. 2 weeks for 5 years, 3 weeks for 15 years, 4 weeks for 25 y ears...-------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks for 1 year, 3 weeks for 10 years, 4 weeks for 25 years__________________________________________ _____________________
2 weeks for 1 year, 3 weeks for 15 years, 4 weeks for 25 years------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------1 Based on 1,515 graduated paid vacation plans covering 6,419,400 workers.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

60

751

PAID VACATIONS IN UNION CONTRACTS

pay computed as a percentage of the worker’s
total earnings; or a fixed allowance in terms of
both time off and pay. Illustrative clauses follow :
Employees who have held regular situations with the
employer for less than 1 year as of May 1st of any year
shall be entitled to 1 day’s paid vacation for each 23
regular days worked by that date, not to exceed 5 days.
*
*
*
*
*
Each employee who . . . has been actively in the
employ of the corporation for less than 1 year shall be
entitled . . . to a vacation of 1 week with pay, less usual
deductions, equal to 2 percent of his gross earnings during
the preceding calendar year.

The precise details of vacation programs differed
widely among the major agreements. Actually,
over 400 different vacation patterns (e. g., 1 week
for 1 year, 2 weeks for 5 years, 3 weeks for 15
years) were found among the 1,515 graduated
plans. A substantial number of these variations
arose from the practice of granting half-week
vacation allowances.
Despite the large number of variations, more
than half of the graduated plans were accounted
for by 30 vacation-plan patterns, each of which
was found in at least 10 agreements (table 5).

469631 - 58-


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Over half of all workers covered by graduated
plans were included in 12 principal patterns. The
largest concentration in a single pattern in terms
of number of agreements accounted for only 9
percent of all graduated plans. In terms of
workers, the largest concentration accounted for
only 13 percent of the total.
The most frequent pattern provided for 1 week’s
vacation after 1 year’s service, 2 weeks after 5
years, and 3 weeks after 15 years; this formula
appeared in 129 agreements covering 385,150
workers. Another 209 plans covering 1.8 million
workers had this pattern supplemented by varying
half-week allowances. This group included the
single pattern covering the largest number of
workers (843,300), found in 52 agreements, which
provided vacation allowances as follows: 1 week
for 1 year, 1% weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5
years, 2% weeks for 10 years, and 3 weeks for 15
years. Over 80 percent of the workers under this
pattern were covered by 18 agreements in the
automobile industry.
— R ose T heodore

and

J ohn N . G entry

Division of Wages and Industrial Relations

752

Employment of June 1956
W omen College Graduates
N early all of the women who graduated from
college in June 1956 and who wanted a job had
found employment by the winter of 1956-57; only
3 percent were still looking for work, according to
a survey by the National Vocational Guidance
Association in cooperation with the Women’s Bu­
reau of the U. S. Department of Labor.1 About
one-sixth of the graduates were neither working
nor looking for work; half of these were continuing
their education on a full-time basis and most of
the others were married and did not consider them­
selves in the labor market. Nearly seven-tenths
of the married graduates were working, however,
as were over four-fifths of those whose husbands
were attending school. The effect of the favorable
labor market prevailing in the winter of 1956-57
was also evident in the fact that the 1956 graduates
had started work at salaries averaging 10 percent
above those obtained by their 1955 counterparts.2
Two other findings of the survey are also signifi­
cant for manpower analysis and planning. In
most instances, the 1956 graduates were working
in jobs that were related to their major subject in
college. This was particularly evident among edu­
cation majors, nearly nine-tenths of whom had
become teachers. But more than half of the grad­
uates were planning to leave the labor market when
marriage or family responsibilities intervened.

Coverage

The survey of June 1956 women college gradu­
ates was conducted by mail questionnaire in the
winter of 1956-57 by the Women’s Section of the
National Vocational Guidance Association and
tabulated by the Women’s Bureau. A sample
group of graduates were questioned concerning the
following: age, marital status, college major, plans
for further study, employment status, job-locating
source, earnings, and value of college education.
Approximately 2 out of 3 of those queried supplied
information about their current employment status
and related activities. Altogether, a total of 5,411
women graduates and 126 colleges and universities
participated in this survey. The sample was con­
sidered to be representative of 87,000 women who
were graduated in June 1956 from women’s and


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

coeducational universities and colleges which
granted baccalaureate degrees.3 (This evaluation
is based on the assumption that nonrespondents
to the questionnaire were engaged in activities
similar to those of respondents.) The 87,000 June
1956 graduates compares with 81,000 women
graduates a year earlier—an increase of almost
8 percent.
Characteristics of Respondents

The typical woman graduate of the class of
June 1956 was 22 years old, single, and employed
when surveyed in the winter of 1956-57. In these
respects, she bore a strong resemblance to the
June 1955 graduate surveyed a year earlier.
The percentages of married and mature women
were slightly higher this year compared to last.
Those who were 25 years of age and over equaled
14 percent of the 1956 class and 12 percent of the
1955 class. Similarly, married women were 37
percent of the recent graduates but 34 percent of
the earlier ones. Whether the slightly larger
proportion of married women in the class of 1956
reflects the age difference or indicates a further
increase in the trend toward earlier marriage is
difficult to determine. In the group of graduates
30 years of age and over (9 percent), a majority
of women had returned to college for teacher
training and held teaching jobs in the winter of
1956-57.
Degrees secured by the June 1956 women grad­
uates included the Bachelor of Science (51 per­
cent), the Bachelor of Arts (44 percent), and other
baccalaureate degrees (5 percent). As had been
true for the June 1955 graduates, undergraduate
majors covered many fields but were concentrated
on subjects customarily popular with women.
Education outranked all other subjects as an
undergraduate major. About 33 percent of the
graduates had majored in this field 4 and 3 percent
, 1 College Women Go to Work: Report on Women Graduates Class of 1956,
Women’s Bureau Bull. 264,1958.
2 See Employment of June 1955 Women College Graduates (in Monthly
Labor Review, September 1956, pp. 1057-1061).
3 The sample was selected on a random basis from graduates of representa­
tive schools, chosen by size, type, and region. The exclusion of women who
received their degrees in some month other than June and who graduated
from so-called “men’s schools” accounts for the fact that the size of this group
is smaller than the 112,000 women college graduates reported by the U. S.
Office of Education for the school year 1955-56.
1 Refers only to graduates who reported education as their major; does not
include about 25 percent of the graduates with a subject matter major who
were also qualified to teach.

WOMEN COLLEGE GRADUATES

more in physical education. The humanities,
including art, foreign languages, music, and speech,
accounted for 18 percent of the majors. The
social sciences, including history, psychology,
sociology, and other social sciences, were a rela­
tively large group, with 17 percent of the majors.
The home economics majors amounted to 9 per­
cent, and the English majors—8 percent. Rela­
tively few women graduates (7 percent) had majored
in the natural sciences, and fewer than 1 percent of
the graduates had received degrees in law or
engineering.
Nearly one-fifth of the graduates reported that
they were continuing their education: 9 of every
100 were attending school fui] time, and 10, part
time. Education led the list as the principal
subject of postgraduate study for both the fulland part-time students, but for only about half as
many full-time students (17 percent) as part-time
ones (38 percent). Other fields pursued by 5
percent or more of the full-time students were:
health, business and commerce, sociology and
social work, home economics, English, and music.
Fairly high percentages of the physical science
majors (31 percent) and biological science majors
(28 percent) reported continuing their education
full time. So did relatively large percentages of
the majors in music (25 percent), psychology (20
percent), and foreign languages (18 percent). On
the other hand, less than 5 percent of the students
who had majored in nursing, business and com­
merce, and education were doing full-time post­
graduate work.
About three-fifths of the full-time postgraduate
students were candidates for a master’s degree
and a few (6 percent), for a doctorate. Most of
the others were studying for a certificate in health
services or teaching. Almost 30 percent of the
full-time women graduate students received
scholarships—averaging about $950 a year. Ap­
proximately half as many (16 percent) were grad­
uate assistants and earned $1,200 on the average.
Two-fifths of the part-time students were working
toward a master’s degree and almost one-fifth
toward a teaching or other certificate; most of the
remainder indicated they were not candidates
for any degree or certificate.
* Includes advertising and editorial assistants, bookkeepers, accounting
clerks, library assistants, sales clerks and miscellaneous retail workers,
secretaries, stenographers, and typists, as well as “miscellaneous clerical
workers.”


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753
Initial Employment

Approximately 6 months after graduation, about
80 percent of the 70,000 employed women grad­
uates had obtained professional positions, 16
percent had clerical jobs,5 and the others were
doing miscellaneous work, mainly in a service
or managerial capacity. Of those graduates who
reported marital status, the majority were em­
ployed as shown in the following summary:
Percent of—

Total___
Employed on ly1.
Employed and
attending
s c h o o l._____
Attending school
o n ly .. . . .
Seeking work__
Not seeking
work___ __

Widowed,
separated, or
divorced
women

Single
women

Married,
women

100
70

100
73

100
64

100
70

11

14

5

16

8
3

11
2

4
5

7
4

8

1

21

3

A ll women
reporting

1 Includes part-time as well as full-time employment.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.

The types of jobs secured by the 1956 women
graduates were similar to those reported a year
earlier by the 1955 graduates. The same five
occupations accounted for at least three-fourths
of the employed graduates in both years surveyed.
The leading occupation—traditionally the favo­
rite with college women—was teaching; this
accounted in 1956 for 59 percent of the employed
graduates. The increase in the number of grad­
uates entering the teaching field in 1956 over 1955
may be accounted for by the increased size in the
graduating class. The four other significant
occupations were: secretaries and stenographers
(6 percent), nurses (5 percent), biological tech­
nicians (3 percent), and social and welfare workers
(2 percent). Occupations reported by the re­
maining 25 percent of the employed graduates
included such unusual jobs for women as patent
attorney trainee, hydraulic engineer, policewoman,
assistant account executive (advertising), loftsman, and foreign business specialist in a bank.
Almost half of the 1956 graduates who were
employed listed “direct application on own” as
their primary job source. Approximately threetenths of the 1956 graduates named their school

754

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

placement bureau. Other help in locating jobs
came from their family or friends. A private or
public employment service or an advertisement
in a newspaper or magazine was the source for
most clerical jobs.
When questioned about the relationship between
undergraduate field of specialization and first job,
four-fifths of the graduates reported employment
in fields for which they had been trained. Teach­
ing, the predominant occupation, attracted almost
nine-tenths of the education majors who were
employed. (See table 1.) Also engaged in teach­
ing were a majority of the employed graduates
who had majored in physical education, music,
English, history, foreign languages, home eco­
nomics, and mathematics; and one-third or more
of those in art, speech and dramatic art, and
psychology and “other” social sciences.
A few other groups of employed graduates re­
ported a strong relationship between their aca­
T

able

1.

demic education and vocational pursuits. Among
the employed graduates, 99 percent of the nursing
majors became nurses; about 50 percent of both
the health majors and biological science majors
became biological technicians, and another 35 per­
cent of the health majors became therapists; 33
percent of the physical science majors were em­
ployed as chemists and 31 percent as biological
technicians. In addition, 47 percent of the jour­
nalism majors became editors, copywriters, or
reporters; and 44 percent of the business and
commerce majors became secretaries or stenogra­
phers.
When questioned concerning their future em­
ployment plans, most of the 1956 graduates indi­
cated they were thinking in terms of work but
only 22 percent were planning to have a career.
Another 20 percent expected they might work
indefinitely or when necessary but had no interest
in a career. Fully 55 percent were planning to

Distribution of June 1956 women college graduates with specified undergraduate majors, by occupation, winter
1956-57
Employed
graduates 1

Percent distribution by undergraduate major in—

Occupational classification
Num ­
ber

Employed graduates
sented1.......................
P e rc e n t..............

repre-

69, 282

Advertising and editorial assist­
633
ants.............................................
Airline hostesses, reservation
355
clerks_____________________
Artists, musicians, actresses.......
447
624
Assistant buyers, store trainees..
Bookkeepers, accounting clerks. .
795
397
Chemists.......................................
Clerical workers, miscellaneous.. 3,348
696
D ietitians.....................................
740
Editors, copywriters, reporters..
Home economists...... ..................
758
441
Librarians........ ............................
Library assistants........................
436
454
Mathematicians, statisticians...
Nurses......... ................................. 3, 519
551
Personnel assistants__________
Professional workers, miscella­
1,707
neous___ _________________
480
Recreation workers........... ..........
699
Religious workers.........................
478
Research workers________ ____
628
Sales clerks, mise, retail workers.
Secretaries, stenographers........... 4,299
Social and welfare workers_____ 1, 501
Teachers......... ............................. 40, 616
Technicians, biological................ 2,123
848
Therapists....................................
886
Typists................ ................ ........
843
Other occupations........................

Per­
cent

100

Biological
sciences

1,957
100

Business
and
com­
merce

3,466
100

1
(4)

2

0

1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1

2
1
1
1
1
6
2
59
3
1
1
1

6
h

2

Home
Educa­ econom­
tion
ics

25, 615
100
(4)

1

1

5

1

0

1
2
1
29
51
2
5

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

1Includes employed graduates who reported both occupation and undergraduate major.
2 Includes art, foreign languages, music, and speech and dramatic art.
3 Includes history, psychology, sociology, and other social sciences.
4 Less than 1 percent.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4,846
100

6,133
100

4

3

(4)

(4)
0

3

11
1

3
88
1
1

1
2

2,025
100

10

9

4

1

1
2

1

0

5
1
2
2
3
6
1
51
0

1
1

2
3
2

10,031
100

1
1
"Ï

1

2
1

8

1

33
2

ÌÌ

1

1

2

5

14

1
1
1
1
1
8
2
60

1, 028
100

2
5

99

2
2

3
2
1
55
3

2, 990
100

5

1
1

1

1

(4)
(4)
(4)

1,537
100

Physical
educa­ Physical Social
tion
sciences sciences*

2

(4)

12
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

4

1
3

3

2

(4)

3
44
1
8

1
1

(4)

2

0

M athe­ Nursing
Other
matics
than
English
English2

(4)

(4)
(4)

h

2

5,963
100

H um a nities

0

17

3
7
i

1

0

1
1
52
0

1
0

4

3

2

2

1
1
8

1
82

1

5
2

2

17
31

11

45

6)

1

2
2

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.

WOMEN COLLEGE GRADUATES

755

T able 2. Annual starting salaries of June 1956 women college graduates, by occupation
Number of
employed
graduates

Average an­
nual salary

Graduates represented 1_____________
Percent_____ _____________ I __

64,841

$3,446

Advertising and editorial assistants____
Airline hostesses, reservation clerks____
Artists, musicians, actresses__________
Assistant buyers, store trainees_______
Bookkeepers, accounting clerks....... ......
Chemists__________________________
Clerical workers, miscellaneous________
Dietitians_________________________
Editors, copywriters, reporters................
Home economists___________________
Librarians.-________________________
Library assistants___________________
Mathematicians, statisticians_________
Nurses____________ ____ ___________
Personnel assistants_________ _____IIII
Professional workers,^miscellaneous____
Recreation workers______ _____ _____
Religious workers___________________
Research workers___________________
Sales clerks, miscellaneous retail workers.
Secretaries, stenographers_____________
Social and welfare workers_____ ______
Teachers________ ___________ ______
Technicians, biological_______________
Therapists____ _____________________
Typists________________ ___________
Other occupations___________________

574
319
337
597
740
397
3,007
355
688
683
434
359
454
3,191
551
1,580
426
615
430
471
4,017
1,462
39,059
1,810
800
780
612

Occupational classification

$3,210
3,223
3,080
3,056
3,017
4,453
3; 179
3,351
3,120
3,803
3, 339
2,960
4,382
3,647
3,497
3,979
3, 571
2,960
3,819
2,504
3,148
3,440
3,492
3,492
3,733
2, 912
2,895

Percent of employed graduates receiving annual salary of—
Total

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)

Under
$2,500

$2,500 to
2,999

$3,000 to
3,499

$3,500 to
3,999

100

5,836
9

6,990
11

18 424
28

19 523
30

100

1

25

50

24

100
100
100
100

13
14

21
34

41
24

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

12

21

38

24
25
24
19

12

34
2
10

30
23
30

14
34
31

4
8
8
7
3
9
13
11
20
19
8
17
2
11
24

27
53
25
38
39
23
31
36
32
25
27
14
63
19

21
36
9
23
21
26
39
2
22
24
34
31
57
3
22

12
2
1
2
12
26
55
14
2
9
5
1
23
29

$4,000 and
over

22
2
3
10
10
76

41
16
75
27
30
43
26
25
2
7
22
24
20
26
7

1 Excludes part-time workers. The total includes a few graduates who did
not report their occupation.
2 Insufficient coverage to warrant further breakdown of the data.

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of Individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.

leave the labor market when marriage or family
responsibilities intervened: 5 percent when they
became married, 16 percent a short while after
marriage, and 34 percent when they had children.

percent, natural sciences—12 percent, mathe­
matics—11 percent, history and business educa­
tion—each 9 percent, and languages—6 percent.
Annual Earnings

Three-fifths of the graduates had teach­
ing certificates and approximately three-fourths of
these certificate holders were teaching in the winter
of 1956-57. About 11 percent of those holding
certificates accepted jobs other than teaching, and
6 percent were not in the labor market. The
remainder were either attending school or seeking
work. A relatively higher proportion of those
trained in elementary education were employed
in the teaching profession than those trained in
secondary education. About three-fifths of the
certificate holders were entitled to teach in the
elementary schools and one-half, in secondary
schools.6
Subjects which the June 1956 secondary school
teachers were teaching and percentages reporting
each subject were: English—31 percent, home
economics—23 percent, fine arts—17 percent,
physical education and social sciences—each 13
Teaching.

* These figures include graduates who held certificates for both types of
schools.
7 Refers only to degree-holding nurses.


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Starting salaries averaged $3,446 a year for the
June 1956 women college graduates who were
employed full time. A year earlier, the average
for women graduates was $3,141 per year. More
than one-fifth of the 1956 graduates had salaries of
at least $4,000 a year, and one-fifth, under $3,000
(table 2). In addition to the relatively well-paid
women chemists and the women mathematicians
and statisticians, other groups whose average
salaries were high included the research workers,
home economists, therapists, nurses,7 and recrea­
tion workers. Although the first-year earnings
for teachers were below these groups, they com­
pared favorably with those for social and welfare
workers, dietitians, librarians, and editors, copy­
writers, and reporters. Those averaging less
than $3,000 a year were: sales clerks and miscel­
laneous retail workers, typists, library assistants,
and religious workers.
In half the occupational groups reported, the
average starting salaries of the 1956 women

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

756
graduates were between $208 and $367 a year
more than in 1955. Above average increases
were recorded for chemists, mathematicians,
statisticians, and biological technicians. Jobs for
which starting salaries increased relatively little
were those of sales clerks and miscellaneous retail
workers; editors, copywriters, and reporters; and
recreation, religious, social, and welfare workers.
In terms of undergraduate major, college women
who had majored in the science and health fields
tended to receive the best starting salaries.
Highest annual averages, in descending order,
were reported by those who had majored in:

physical sciences, mathematics, health fields,
nursing, psychology, education, and biological
sciences. Among these groups, salary increases
over last year were above average for the physical
and biological science majors, and mathematics
and psychology majors. Other groups with salary
increases exceeding 10 percent included many which
had the lowest rates the previous year; namely,
art, foreign languages, English, speech and
dramatic art, music, and history.
— J e a n A . W ells
Women’s Bureau

Conferences and Institutes, August 16 to September 15, 1958
E d it o r 's N o t e .—A s a service to its readers, the M o n th ly L a b o r R eview
p u b lish es a lis t o j fo rth co m in g conferences a n d in stitu te s devoted to the broad
fie ld o f in d u s tr ia l relation s. I n stitu te s a n d o rg a n iza tio n s are in v ite d to su b m it
schedules f o r such m eetin gs f o r listin g . To be tim e ly enough f o r p u b lica tio n ,
an n ou n cem en ts m u st be received 9 0 d a y s p r io r to the date o f a conference.
D a te

C onferen ce a n d sp o n so r

Seminars on (1) Modernizing the Executive Compensation Program; (2) The Job of the Medical
Director; (3) Establishing and Operating a Sound
Wage and Salary Program; (4) Establishment and
Appraisal of the Management Development Pro­
gram; (5) How to Improve Your Grievance Pro­
cedure: How to Prepare and Present Arbitration
Cases; and (6) Building an Effective Communica­
tions System. Sponsor: American Management
Association.
Aug. 18-22. _ Seminar on In-Plant Communications. Sponsor:
New York State School of Industrial and Labor
Relations, Cornell University.
44th Annual Convention. Sponsor: International
Sept. 7-11—
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and
Commissions.
Conferences on (1) Administering an Executive DeSept. 7-12.
velopment Program; (2) Essentials of a Retirement
Program; and (3) Psychology for Management.
Sponsor: Management Development Center, Cali­
fornia Institute of Technology.
Sept. 8-10__ An Advanced Course in Health & Welfare Fund
Management.
Sponsor: National Conference
of Health & Welfare Plan Trustees and Admin­
istrators, 2029 North Meridian St., Indianapolis,
Ind.
Sept. 1 4 -1 9 .. Conferences on (1) Appraising and Coaching Employees; (2) Management Techniques and Con­
trols; and (3) Supervision of Engineers. Sponsor:
Management Development Center, California In­
stitute of Technology.

Aug. 18-22. _


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P la ce

Hamilton, N. Y.

Ithaca, N. Y.

Seattle, Wash.

Pasadena, Calif,

New York, N. Y.

Pasadena, Calif,

EARNINGS IN ELECTRIC AND GAS UTILITIES

Earnings in Electric and
Gas Utilities, September 1957
E a r n in g s of nonsupervisory workers employed in
privately operated electric and gas utility systems
averaged $2.19 an hour in September 1957, exclu­
sive of premium pay for overtime and for work on
weekends, holidays, and late shifts, according to
a survey conducted by the U. S. Department of
Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Physical
(plant) workers, virtually all men, accounted for
about three-fourths of the 409,400 nonsupervisory
workers within the scope of the study. Their
earnings averaged $2.28 an hour compared with
$1.95 for the nonsupervisory office employees,
three-fifths of whom were women.
This summary article, dealing with the electric
and gas utility industry as a whole, is based on a
study which provided information separately for
three main types of systems—electric, gas, and
combination electric and gas systems. Included
is information on the straight-time hourly earnings
of workers in selected physical (plant) and office
occupations, as well as data on provisions for paid
holidays and vacations and health, insurance, and
pension benefits.2

Industry Characteristics

Electric systems in September 1957 accounted
for approximately a third of the estimated 409,400
nonsupervisory workers within the scope of the
survey, a fourth of the employment was found in
gas systems and two-fifths in combination systems
(those supplying both electricity and gas). Aver­
age employment per system was about 1,300 work­
ers, 900, and 1,900, respectively. The largest pro­
portions of the workers in the New England, South­
east, and Great Lakes regions were in electric
systems; in the Southwest, in gas systems; and
in the remaining regions for which data are shown,
in combination electric and gas systems.3
The Great Lakes region accounted for about
a fourth of the workers within the scope of the
study and the Middle Atlantic region, a fifth.
The proportions in the remaining regions ranged
from 4 percent in the Mountain region to 12 per­
cent in the Southwest.
Labor-management agreements covering a
majority of the physical (plant) workers were in

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757

effect in systems employing about four-fifths
of these workers within the scope of the study.
Kegionally, the proportions ranged from approxi­
mately half in the Southwest to practically all in
the Middle Atlantic and Pacific regions. In terms
of the number of systems under agreement, the
major union was the International Brotherhood
of Electrical Workers. Other unions having a
substantial number of contracts included the
Utility Workers Union of America and United
Mine Workers of America, District 50. Two-fifths
of the office workers were employed in systems in
which labor-management agreements covered a
majority of the nonsupervisory office workers.
Among the systems visited in which both office
and physical workers were covered by agreements,
the contracts in effect were usually with the same
union. The majority of the other office worker
contracts were with the Office Employes’ Inter­
national Union.
Virtually all of the physical and office workers
were paid on a time-rate basis.
Electric systems and the electrical operations
of combination systems nearly always included
the generation, transmission, and distribution of
electrical energy. Half of the 142 electric and
combination systems visited used steam power
exclusively to generate electricity; three-tenths,
a combination of steam and hydro power; and
most of the remainder, a combination of steam,
hydro, and internal combustion power.
i The study, which was conducted by field representative visits, included
systems engaged in generation, transmission, and/or distribution of elec*
tricity and/or gas and employing more than 100 workers at the time the com­
pany lists were compiled. Workers in these systems who were employed
in allied services such as water, steam heat or power, telephone service, and
transportation were excluded. The term “nonsupervisory workers” as used
in this study includes employees such as line and cablemen, maintenance
and repairmen, power dispatchers, electricians, meter readers, gas-producer
men, laborers, general office clerks, office-machine operators, janitors and
watchmen, and other employees below the supervisory level whose services
are closely associated with those of employees listed above. Nonsupervisory
workers consist of 2 groups—physical (plant) workers and office workers.
1 See Wage Structure: Electric and Gas Utilities, September 1957, BLS
Report 135, for further details concerning earnings information by type of
system, as well as a summary of employer expenditures for selected items of
supplementary employee remuneration.
3
The regions used in the study include: New England— Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Mid­
dle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—
Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West
Virginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Caro­
lina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest—Arkansas, Louisiana, Okla­
homa, and Texas; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific—California, Nevada,
Oregon, and Washington.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

758
According to data reported by the Federal
Power Commission for privately owned utilities,
sales of electricity to ultimate consumers amounted
to $7.21 billion4 in 1956 during which a total of
407.2 billion kilowatt-hours were used by an
average of 42.8 million customers. During the
5-year period between 1951 and 1956, the number
of electric utility customers increased 17 percent;
the number of kilowatt-hours used, 55 percent;
revenues from sales to ultimate consumers, 51
percent.
Natural gas was transmitted and/or distributed
by nine-tenths of the gas and combination systems
visited. Half of the 147 systems were engaged
in distribution only; nearly a third in transmission
and distribution; and a tenth in transmission only.
The remainder of the systems were engaged in
the production and distribution of manufactured
gas or in the distribution of mixed gas.
Gas sales to ultimate consumers in 1956
amounted to $3.85 billion, according to statistics

published by the American Gas Association;6 an
average of 29.5 million customers were served
during that year. Approximately 96 percent of
the gas distributed was natural gas, 4 percent was
mixed gas, and less than 1 percent was manu­
factured gas (including liquified petroleum gas
distributed through underground mains). Com­
parison of 1951 with 1956 data shows an increase
of about 50 percent in total amount of gas sold;
increases occurred in both natural and mixed gas
but manufactured gas declined almost 80 percent.
Average Hourly Earnings

Straight-time hourly earnings of the 409,400
nonsupervisory physical and office workers within
the scope of the survey averaged $2.19 in Septem< Statistics of Electric Utilities in the United States, 1956, Class A and B
Privately Owned Companies. Companies with annual operating revenue
of $250,000 or less are excluded from these data,
s Gas Facts, New York, 1957.

T able 1. Percent distribution of nonsupervisory workers in electric and gas utilities by average straight-time hourly earnings,*
United States and regions, September 1957
Average hourly earnings 1

United
States

New
England

Middle
Atlantic

Border
States

South­
east
2.6
4.1
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.3
6.1
4.9
5.5
6.2
7.7
5.3
6.4
4.3
3.5
9.6
5.7
4.8
1.1
1.6
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1

South­
west
3.6
3.1
5.5
5.8
7.0
5.6
6.0
6.0
4.8
5.3
5.5
6.4
6.4
6.0
7.9
5.6
4.2
1.9
1.8
.7
.3
.1
.1
.1
(2)
.1

Great
Lakes
0.2
.6
1.2
1.4
1.9
2.2
2.2
3.9
5.0
5.8
6.7
9.1
8.4
8.3
7.5
9.3
5.5
8.2
3.9
2.2
3.7
1.1
1.2
.2
.2
.3

Middle
West
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.3
4.4
5.3
5.7
7.5
9.7
11.2
10.8
6.1
4.4
2.9
3.5
2.5
2.1
1.9
.9
.2
.3
(2)
.4

Moun­
tain
0.5
.5
1.8
2.0
3.3
3.9
3.1
5.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
10.0
5.9
10.4
8.0
7.8
10.3
5.3
1.8
.6
.2
.2
.2
.3
(2)
.1

Pacific
0.1
.1
.2
.3
.5
.9
1.3
2.1
3.6
4.2
9.2
8.1
10.7
10.0
8.9
7.2
8.4
10.5
3.8
5.7
1.1
1.3
.9
.5
.4
.3

Under $1.10 _____________________ _________
$1.10 and under $1.20_____ ____________________
$1.20 and under $1.30_____ _________ _________
$1.30 and under $ 1 .4 0 .._______________________
$1.40 and under $1.50. ________________________
$1.50 and under $1.60___________ _ . ________
$1.60 and under $1.70____ . . . _____ ________
$1.70 and under $1.80 ____ ____________________
$1.80 and under $1.90 ........................
.............. ...
$1.90 and under $2.00. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________
$2.00 and under $2.10_____________ ___________
$2.10 and under $2.20__________________________
$2.20 and under $2.30__________________ ______
$2.30 and under $2.40. ___________ ____________
$2.40 and under $2.50. _ _______________________
$2.50 and under $2.60__________________________
$2.60 and under $2.70____________ ____________
$2.70 and under $ 2.80.___ __________________ _
$2.80 and under $2.90. _ ______ _______________
$2.90 and under $3.00_ _________________ _____
$3.00 and under $3.10___ ___________
______
$3.10 and under $3.20__ _______________________
$3.20 and under $3.30__________________________
$3.30 and under $3.40._ _ _____________ _______
$3.40 and under $3.50_________ ______ _________
$3.50 and o v e r . .___ ________________________

1.1
1.3
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.8
4.5
5.5
6.1
7.4
8.1
8.3
8.9
7.3
6.9
5.5
6.0
3.0
2.3
1.6
.7
.5
.2
.2
.3

0.8
1.3
2.1
1.8
2.1
3.8
5.8
6.7
9.2
8.6
11.4
9.2
8.4
5.7
6.2
6.3
3.4
3.1
1.6
1.1
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.5

0.2
.3
.6
1.8
1.8
2.8
3.1
3.9
5.1
7.0
7.4
7.2
8.8
13.3
8.3
5.9
5.7
6.7
3.8
3.1
1.2
.8
.2
.2
.2
.5

0.9
1.6
2.5
2.4
4.7
6.1
6.5
6.8
8.2
6.7
8.0
9.6
6.1
5.1
5.8
3.7
4.9
4.0
2.8
.7
.7
.4
.4
.3
.4
.6

Total__________________________________

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

50,537
$1.94

102,180
$2.30

30,346
$2.12

14, 640
$'2.18

36, 893
$2.41

Number of workers, total______________________
Average hourly earnings ____________________
Physical (plant) workers:8
Number of workers. _________________
Average hourly earnings________________
Office workers:
Number of workers __________________
Average hourly earnings_______________
Men:
Number of workers _ ................. .................
Average hourly earnings ______________
Women:
Number of w orkers___________________
Average hourly earnings_______________

409,382
$2.19

25,399
$2.08

90,526
$2.26

30, 597
$2.06

28, 264
$1. 99

296,052
$2.28

19,046
$2.19

66, 593
$2.34

22, 511
$2.12

21,584
$2.06

34, 917
$2.04

72,199
$2.42

22,780
$2.22

10, 909
$2.28

25, 513
$2. 49

113,330
$1.95

6,353
$1.75

23, 933
$2.06

8,086
$1.89

6,680
$1. 76

15, 620
$1.70

29, 981
$2.02

7, 566
$1.79

3, 731
$1.86

11,380
$2.23

44, 973
$2. 26

1,514
$2.04

10,649
$2.33

3, 657
$2.23

1,858
$1.98

5, 996
$1.96

12,500
$2.36

2,380
$Í2. 27

1,314
$2. 21

5,105
$2.41

68,357
$1.74

4,839
$1.66

13, 284
$1.84

4,429
$1.61

4,822
$1.68

9,624
$1.54

17,481
$1.78

5,186
$1.57

2,417
$'l. 67

6,275
$2.09

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
1 Less than 0.05 percent.


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8 About 99 percent of the physical workers were men.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily
equal 100.

759

EARNINGS IN ELECTRIC AND GAS UTILITIES
T able 2.

Average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of men in selected physical (plant) occupations in electric and gas utilities’
United States and regions, September 1957
United States
Occupation

Electricity:
Auxiliary-equipment operators, elec­
tric.....................................................
Boiler operators..................................
Control operators (single-unit)_____
Control operator assistants (single­
un it)..................................................
District representatives....................
G roundm en........................................
Linemen, journeymen______ _____
Load dispatchers.................................
Metermen, class A........ ............. ........
Metermen, class B . . ..........................
P a tro lm e n .........................................
Servicemen, electrical appliance-----Substation operators........................
Switchboard operators, class A ____
Switchboard operators, class B ____
Troublemen____________________
Truckdriver-groundmen............... —
Turbine operators..............................
W atch engineers..................................
Gas:
Auxiliary-equipment operators, gas
production. ......................................
Boiler operators_________________
Drip pumpers......................................
Engine-room operators____________
Gas dispatchers.................................. .
Gas-main fitters------- ------ -----------Gas-main fitters’ helpers................... .
Gas makers_____________________
Inspectors______________________
Installers, gas m eter...........................
Laborers, gas plant.............. .........
Laborers, main installation and
service_______________________
Leak locaters, gas
....................... Repairmen, gas m eter____________
Repairmen helpers, gas meter-------Servicemen, gas appliance................
Servicemen, regulator........ ..........—
Miscellaneous:
Electricians, maintenance-----------Guards________________________
Janitors_______________________
Machinists, maintenance_________
Mechanics, automotive....... ..............
Mechanics, maintenance..................
Meter readers___________________
Pipefitters, maintenance__________
Stock clerks............. .................. .........
Truckdrivers 2— -------- ---------------Light (under IV2tons)________
Medium ( l ti to and including
4 tons)............ ..................... —
Heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type).
Heavy (over 4 tons, other than
trailer type)..............................

New
England

Middle
Atlantic

Border
States

Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings1

Southeast

Southwest

Great
Lakes

Middle
West

Mountain

$2.13
2.13

$2.44
2.53
2. 95

2.73
1.80
2.59
2.84
2. 52
2. 26
2.23
2.28
2. 33
2.01
2.49
2.14
2. 58
2.99

3.08
2.13
2. 85
3.50
2. 78
2.60
2. 68
2. 48
2. 71
2.86
2.65
2.90
2.35
2. 61
3.42

2. 67
2.89
2.48
2.08

Pacific

Average hourly earnings

4,677
4, 370
818

$2.22
2. 48
2.80

$2.17
2. 40
2.51

$2. 27
2. 55
2. 76

726
2, 024
9,147
18,189
1, 118
2,723
2,161
530
2, 472
3, 554
2, 347
838
4,505
4,737
2,319
1, 863

2. 54
2. 54
1.82
2. 65
3.13
2.62
2.27
2.36
2.42
2. 57
2. 59
2.34
2.70
2.13
2.53
3.08

1.77
2.42
3.19
2.36
2.06
2.05
2.29
2. 37
2.37
2.32
2.67

1.80
2.76
3.30
2. 72
2.31
2. 36
2. 35
2. 58
2.72

701
460
103
3, 788
341
7, 570
4,731
388
552
2,959
839

2.36
2. 25
2.11
2.41
2. 43
2.25
1.94
2.34
2. 42
2.27
1.91

9,231
244
2,235
516
9,901
816

1.63
2.16
2.30
1.94
2. 39
2.40

2.20
1.88

2.17
2.18

2.40
2.24

4, 582
1,020
5, 416
1,421
1,633
2,899
3,926
11,015
619
4,038
4, 745
429

2. 66
1.87
1.66
2. 66
2.41
2. 47
2. 57
2. 04
2. 60
2.17
2.17
2.02

2. 48
1.85
1.75
2.47
2.31
2.30
2.49
1.93
2.42
2.05
2.05
1.91

2.60
1.96
1. 79
2.67
2. 54
2.53
2.62

2, 011
359

2.14
2.29

2.04

2.15

466

2.18

2.02

2. 42
3.22
2.24
2.07
2.00
2.20

2.33
2.09
1.95
2.23
2.16
1.91
1.82

2. 90
2.18
2. 57
3.45
2 41
2.31
2.24
2.30
2. 46
2.26
2.00
2.40
2.18
1.87
1.73
2.29
2.40
2.00

2.12

2. 51
2.19
2.25
2.03

$2.14
2. 44

$2.10
2.53
2. 59

2. 48
1. 71
2. 48
3.40
2. 51
2.01

2.30
2. 46
1.60
2. 55
2.89
2.53
2. 09
2.43
2. 55

2. 26
2. 57
2. 61
2. 55
2.36
3. 41

2.07
2.16
2.53
1.97
1.73

1.64

2.21

2.38
2.06
2.64
1.97
2. 49
3.05
1.96
1. 57
1.77
2.07
1.49
1.76
2.32
1.23

$2.02
2.27
2.45

$2.36
2.62
2. 95

$2.20
2.30
2. 95

2. 24
1.60
2. 47
2. 87
2.46
2.12
2.14
2.28
2.09
2. 45
2.13
2. 48
1.84
2. 55
2. 75

2. 57
2. 63
1.97
2. 77
3.13
2. 71
2.42
2. 51
2. 53
2. 75
2.74
2.47
2.84
2.19
2.70
3.15

2. 53
2.26
1.87
2. 50
2. 86
2.53
2.01
2.37
2. 25
2. 64
2. 62
2. 59
2. 59
2. 03
2.35
2. 48

2. 54
2. 71
2.12
1.51

2.47
2. 46
2.26
2.44
2. 75
2.38
2.15
2 65
2.49
2.23

2.47
2.26
2.16
1.83
2.32

2.60
2. 44
2. 45
2.05

2.24
1.90

2.35

2.12

1.32

1.32

1.95

1. 77

1.87

1.96

2.11

2.38
2 21
2. 51
2. 53

2.26

2. 48

1.53
2.17
2.34

2.04
1 fiO
2.12
2.24

2.33
2. 52

2. 36

2.47
2.04
2.50
2. 61

2. 51
1.57
1.27
2. 75
2. 09
2.45
2.47
1.96

2. 53
1.38
1.27
2. 54
2.26
2.31
2.40
1.61

2. 76
1.87
1. 67

2.60

2 . 02

2.16

1.98

1.86

1.85
2.07
1 73

2. 77
2.06
1.90
2. 77
2. 53
2.50
2.71
2.16
2 79
2.27
2.30
2.10

1.92

2.01
2.18

2.33
2.31

1.60
2.08
2.08
1.95
2.30
2. 46
1. 79
1.52
2.40
2.23
2.38
2. 48
1.94
2.39
2.00

1.96

1.66
2.60
2.39
2. 52
2. 45
1.93

2.82
2.04
1.89
2. 77
2. 56
2. 57
2. 55
2.17

2.07
2.16

2.15
2.20
2.12

2.32
2.31
2.23

2.13

2.16
2. 56

2. 36
2.33

2.29
2.42
2. 34
2.01

2.35

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.

N ote: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publica­
tion criteria.

ber 1957 (table 1). Among the 9 regions, highest
average earnings were recorded in the Pacific
region ($2.41 an hour). Earnings in the Middle
Atlantic and Great Lakes regions—together
accounting for nearly half of the workers—
averaged $2.26 and $2.30 an hour, respectively.
In the remaining regions, wage levels ranged

from $1.94 in the Southwest to $2.18 in the
Mountain region.
Physical workers—three-fourths of the nonsupervisory workers within scope of the study
averaged $2.28 an hour in September 1957, an
increase of 30 percent since July 1952, when the
Bureau also made a comprehensive study of wages
in the industry.6 Regionally, average hourly
earnings for physical workers in September 1957
ranged from $2.04 in the Southwest and $2.06 in

« See Wages in Electric and Gas Utilities, July 1952 (in M onthly Labor
Review, April 1953, pp. 398-402).

469631— 58------------4


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760

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able 3. Regional average hourly earnings 1 as a percent
%the nationwide average for selected occupations in electrie and gas utilities, September 1957

Region

Linemen,
journey­
men

Ground­
men

91
104
94
96
93
105
94
98
108

97
99
94
88
88
108
103
99
117

New England___
Middle A tlantic..
Border S tates...
Southeast_____
Southwest______
Great Lakes........
Middle West,
M ountain_____
Pacific_________

Laborers,
Service­ main in­
men, gas stallation
appliance
and
service
91
100
96
91
89
105
97
99
105

112
106
98
81
81
120
109
115
120

Meter
readers

95
104
95
96
79
10fi
99
95
106

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi­
days, and late shifts.

the Southeast to $2.42 in the Great Lakes and
$2.49 in the Pacific region.
Individual earnings of physical workers ranged
from $1 to more than $3.50 an hour. About a
fourth of these workers earned less than $2 an
hour and the same proportion had earnings of
$2.60 or more. Regionally, the percentage of
these workers earning less than $2 ranged from
7 percent in the Pacific region to slightly more than
40 percent each in the Border States, Southeast,
and Southwest.
Nonsupervisory office workers averaged $1.95
an hour in September 1957. Regionally, averages
ranged from $1.70 in the Southwest to $2.23 in
the Pacific region. Men office workers averaged
about 30 percent more than women—$2.26 com­
pared with $1.74 an hour. Men office workers’
earnings were more similar to the earnings of
physical workers both with reference to averages
($2.26 and $2.28) and distributions. Seven per­
cent of the men office workers and 5 percent of the
physical workers earned less than $1.50 an hour;
the percentages receiving $2.50 or more were 31
and 32, respectively. In contrast, 32 percent of
the women office workers earned less than $1.50
and 4 percent earned $2.50 or more an hour.
Occupational Earnings
P h y sic a l W orkers. The 47 occupational groups for
which data are presented in table 2 accounted for
half of the 296,100 nonsupervisory physical work­
ers within the scope of the study. Load dispatchers
and watch engineers had the highest average hour­
ly earnings, $3.13 and $3.08, respectively. Other
jobs in which workers’ earnings averaged $2.60 or


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more included trouble men ($2.70), journeymen
linemen ($2.65), and class A metermen ($2.62)
among the electricity jobs; and electricians ($2.66),
machinists ($2.66), and pipefitters ($2.60) among
the maintenance jobs. Only 7 of the physical
workers occupations studied had nationwide aver­
age earnings below $2 an hour—gas-main fitters’
helpers ($1.94), gas-meter repairmen helpers
($1.94), gas-plant laborers ($1.91), guards ($1.87),
pmmdmen ($1.82), janitors ($1.66), and main
installation and service laborers ($1.63).
Numerically, journeymen linemen and groundmen were the most important of the electricity
jobs studied; this ranking was held by gas-appli­
ance servicemen (average earnings $2.39) and main
installation and service laborers among the gas
jobs; and by meter readers ($2.04) in the miscel­
laneous group of occupations.
Among 27 physical worker jobs for which there
were comparisons in all 9 regions, average earnings
were highest in the Pacific region for 16 jobs, in
the Great Lakes region for 7 jobs, and in the
Middle Atlantic, Southeast, and Mountain regions
for the remaining occupations. Lowest average
earnings for these 27 jobs were most commonly
recorded in the Southwest or in the Southeast.
The differences between the lowest and highest
regional average earnings, however, amounted
to less than 25 percent for a majority of these 27
occupations.
Regional pay differences are shown in table 3
in which regional average hourly earnings for
selected jobs are presented as a percent of the
nationwide averages for these jobs.
Relative pay levels for journeymen linemen
ranged from 91 percent (of nationwide average) in
New England to 108 percent in the Pacific region;
for gas-appliance servicemen, from 89 percent in
the Southwest to 105 percent in the Pacific and
Great Lakes regions. The ranges in pay relatives
were somewhat greater for the 3 lower paid jobs—
79 to 106 percent for meter readers, 88 to 117
percent for groundmen, and 81 to 120 percent for
main installation and service laborers (the lowest
paid of these jobs).
Occupational pay relationships varied widely
among the regions. Average pay for journeymen
linemen exceeded that for groundmen by amounts
ranging from 63 cents in the Middle West and 65
in New England to 95 cents in the Southeast and

761

EARNINGS IN ELECTRIC AND GAS UTILITIES

96 in the Middle Atlantic region. Percentagewise,
these differences were highest in the Southeast
(59 percent), Southwest (54 percent), and Middle
Atlantic (53 percent); and lowest in the Middle
West and Pacific regions (34 percent each).
Differentials between averages for gas-main
fitters and main installation and service laborers
ranged from 27 cents in New England to 75 cents
in the Southeast and 80 cents in the Southwest.
On a percentage basis, the smallest and largest
differences also appeared in these regions—15 per­
cent in New England, 57 percent in the Southeast,
and 61 percent in the Southwest.

(taking dictation involving a varied or specialized
vocabulary) had the highest average earnings,
$2.20 and $2.09, respectively. Lowest average
hourly earnings were recorded for office girls, $1.32.
Average earnings were highest in the Pacific
region for 8 of the 11 office occupations for which
there were comparisons in all 9 regions. Lowest
average earnings were usually recorded in the
Middle West or Border States. The differences
between the lowest and highest regional averages
amounted to more than 25 percent for all except
3 of the 11 jobs.
Establishment Practices

Approximately a third of the
113,300 nonsupervisory office workers were em­
ployed in the 30 occupations for which data are
shown in table 4. Nationwide, average hourly
earnings for men ranged from $1.35 for office boys
to $2.35 for class A accounting clerks. Among the
23 occupations for which data are shown for
women, secretaries and technical stenographers
Office

W orkers.

Data were obtained on certain establishment
practices: Minimum wage rates; work schedules;
shift practices; and selected supplementary bene­
fits including paid holidays and vacations, retire­
ment plans, life insurance, sickness and accident
insurance, and hospitalization and surgical
benefits.

T able 4. Average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected office occupations in electric and gas utilities,
United States and regions, September 1957
United States

Middle
New
England Atlantic

Border
States

Southeast

Southwest

Great
Lakes

Middle
West

Mountain

Sex and occupation
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings1

A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1

M en

Cashiers_________ _________ ________
Clerks, accounting, class A ----------------Clerks, accounting, class B .......... ...........
Clerks, order.. ............................ -.............
Clerks, payroll------------------------ -----Office boys........................................ ..........
Tabulating-machine operators..................

310
2,395
1,664
169
260
634
1,133

$2.07
2. 35
1.88
2.10
2.19
1.35
2.12

779
216
168
3,838
1,470
4,478
223
848
505
669
624

1.61
1.73
1.73
1.58
2.03
1.58
1.99
1.54
1.67
1.80
1.79

$2.31
1.66
1.66

$2.32
2. 58
2.31

$2.33

$2. 32
1.84

$1.79
2.23
1.63

___

—

—

1.95

1.23
1.96

2.27
1.40
2.15

1.22
1.88

1.46
1.50

1.90

1.32
1.64
1.75
1.52
1.69

2.02

2.22
1.23
2.11

2.01
1.25
2.14

$2.18
2.45
1.77
2.15
2.25
1. 50
2.14

$2.11
1.70

$2.29
1.87

—

—

2.12
1.35
1.96

—

1.20

2.25

$2.43
2.18
1.54
2.24

W om en

Billers, machine (billing machine)-------Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine).
Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B.
Cashiers-------------- --------------- --------Clerks, accounting, class A -----------------Clerks, accounting, class B ---------------- Clerks, file, class A ____________ ____
Clerks, file, class B __________________
Clerks, order--------------------- ------- -----Clerks, payroll........ — ..............................
Comptometer operators-------------- ------Duplicating-machine operators (mimeo­
graph or ditto)------ -----------------------K ey-punch operators................................
Office girls_________________________
Secretaries--------------------------------------Stenographers, general......................... .
Stenographers, technical--------------------Switchboard operators............... — .........
Switchboard operator-receptionists------Tabulating-machine operators..............
Transcribing-machine operators, general.
Typists, class A-------------------------------Typists, class B -------------------------------

106
1,887
507
3,800
7,126
335
1,655
159
518
125
1, 527
2,311

1.63
1.67
1.32
2.20
1.73
2.09
1.78
1.52
2. 04
1.66
1.72
1.49

1.71
1.81
1.67
1.73
1.31
1.70
1.82
1.57
1.25
2.11

1.70
1.74
1.76
1.71
1.46

i Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.


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1.82
1.79
2.13
1.90

2.11

___

1.54

1.41

1.92
1. 70

1.72
1.58

1.64
1.29
2.29
1.73
2 20
1.81
2.09
1.76
1.98
1.51

1.26
1.53

2.12

_1.61

1.56
1.44
1.77
1.62
1.41

1.48
—
—

1.41
1.58
—

1.34
1.91
1.49

1.65
2.19
1.75

1.66

1.28

___

1.61
—
1.74
1.29
2.19
1.79

___

1.74
1.52
2.05
—

—

1.53
—

1. 57
1.58
1.53
1.59
1.13

2.10
1.61

—

1.57
1.38
1.93
—

1.67
1.37

1.44
1.26

1.58
1.99
1. 78
1.83

2.10
1.59
1.89
1.61
1.77
1.84

1.88

1.58
1.74
1.47
2.27
1.83
2.19

1.86

1.62
1.99
1.49
1.69
1.54

1.40
—
1.51
1.34
1.81
1.37
1.52
1.38
1.40
1.64
1.62

—

1.64

—
1. 55

2.10

1.60
—
1.35
—
—
1.77

1.71
2.46
2.06
1.81
2.24
1.82
1.99
1.34
2.34
2.04

1.37
1.53
1.24
2.09
1.58
—
1.71
1.23
1. 95

1.67
—
—

2.05

1.58
1.35

1.46

1.67

1.57

1.11

2.23
1.75

2.26

—

N o t e : Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.

762

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958
T able 5.

Percent of physical (plant) and office workers employed in electric and gas utility systems with
Physical (plant) workers

Selected benefits
United
States
Paid vacations:2 3
After 1 year of service______
1 week_____________
2 weeks_________ _____
After 10 years of service........ __ .
2 weeks___________ .
Over 2 and under 3 weeks______
3 weeks___________ ____
4 weeks______________
After 15 years of service_____
2 weeks________________
3 weeks_____ . . . ___
Over 3 and under 4 weeks___
4 weeks
After 25 years of service____ . . . .
2 weeks_________________
3 weeks_____ . . . ______
Over 3 and under 4 weeks_____
4 weeks____________ _
Over 4 weeks______
Paid holidays:3. _________
5 days_____________ . .
6 days plus 1 half day____
6 days plus 2 half days________
7 days_____ . . . ____
7 days plus 2 half days........... .
8 days.. — ___ ____
8 days plus 1 half day_________
8 days plus 2 half days_________
9 days________ ______
10 days____ _______
10 days plus 1 half day___________
11 days______ _____ .
12 days_________ ___
Health, insurance, and pension plans:5
Life insurance____ .
Accidental death and dismember­
ment insurance.
Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave.6
Sickness and accident insurance..
Sick leave (full pay, no waiting
period).
Sick leave (partial pay or waiting
period).
Hospitalization insurance.
Surgical insurance__
Medical insurance___
Catastrophe insurance
Retirement pension__________
No health, insurance, or pension plan.

100
39
61
100
73
5
22
0

0

0

0
0

100
7
89
4
100
2
40
1
54
4
100
2
14
3
25
1
20

New
England

Middle
Atlantic

100
11

100
41
59
100

100
24

Border
States

Southeast

100
100

Southwest

Great
Lakes

100
17
83
100
94

100
13
87
100
87

Middle
West

Pacific

tain

100
46
54
100
66
17
17

100
51
49
100
42
6
52

100
20
80
100
61
11
28

100
78
22
100
42

100

76

2

6

100
100

100
3
97

100
1
99

5
1
100
22
77

100
25
75

100
1
81
18

100
12
88

100
4
96

100

100

100
2
96

100
11
79

100
5
31

100
2
53

100

42

100
1
43

100

45
55

58

56

2

10

65

45

85

100

100

100

100
5
54
2

100
9
54

100

100

100

14

39

27

1

26

4

3

32

27
44
23
1

23
13
3
41
16

99
32

100
59

100
38

6

93

95

100

25
74

35
73

37
93

37

28
99

14

11

7

100
100
28
18
100

78
74
71
19
100

9

8
2
73
17
100
6
1
12
50
5
10

58

100

15

18
42

35

1

34

62

97

96
49

79
45

100
16

3
25

13
6
1
11
4

85
84
55
29
99

13

6

100
22

100
44

99

81

70

97

91

93

100

7
62

21
67

6
61

27
61

45
77

16
91

12
90

5

7

28

1

2

9

84
84
57
18
96

92
91
41
30
96

88
88
51
28
100

87
87
47
28
97

97
97
69
31
100

94
94
94
76
100

100
23

i If formal provisions for supplementary benefits in an establishment wen
applicable to half or more of the workers, the benefits were considered appli
cable to all workers. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility re
quirements, the proportion of workers currently receiving the benefits m aj
be smaller than estimated.

2
Vacation payments such as percentage of annual earnings and flat-sum
amounts were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were
arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for
progressions. For example, the changes indicated at 15 years may include
changes in provisions occurring between 10 and 15 years.

M in im u m W age B ates. Data for established
minimum rates of pay were collected for groundmen in electric systems, for main installation and
service laborers in gas systems, and for both of
these occupations in the combination systems.
Formal provisions for minimum entrance rates for
groundmen were reported in 74 of the 79 electric
systems and in 59 of the 63 combination systems
visited. In both types of systems, the entrance
rates for groundmen ranged from less than $1.10
to more than $2.10 an hour. Median rates for this
job were $1.58 and $1.70, respectively. Less than
a tenth of the electric and combination systems had
established minimum rates of $1 to $1.30 in effect
for groundmen.

Minimum hiring rates for main installation and
service laborers were established in 66 of the 84
gas systems and 52 of the 63 combination systems
visited. These rates varied from less than $1.10
to as much as $2 an hour in both types of systems.
Median rates for this job were $1.50 and $1.65,
respectively. A third of the gas systems and a
sixth of the combination systems reported mini­
mum rates of $1 to $1.30 for main installation and
service laborers.
Minimum rates of pay for experienced ground­
men were part of the formal wage policy in 74
electric systems and 61 combination systems
visited. Minimum job rates for main installation
and service laborers were reported in 66 gas


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

EARNINGS IN ELECTRIC AND GAS UTILITIES

763

formal provisions for selected supplementary benefits,l United States and regions, September 1957
Office workers
United
States

(4)

(4)

(4)

0)

(4)

(4)

New
England

Middle
Atlantic

100
29
71
100
74
6
20

100
12
88
100
27

100
21
79
100
96

73

100
7
88
5

100
100

Border
States

South­
east

South­
west

100
26
74
100
92

100
18
82
100
95

100
5
95
100
91

4

8

100
2
98

100
5
95

3
2
100
24
74

100
75
25
100
56

100
28
72

100
1
80
19

100
12
88

100
5
95

100

100
12
85

100

100
4
32

100
3
51

100

64

45

85

100

100

100

9

100

41

48

100
1
36

53
5
100
2
14

59

52

63

3

3

100

100

100

100
8
53
3

100
10
62

36

19

1

12
12

5

1

30

6

1
13
5

31
38

3
34

3

14
1

25
1

20
12
2
58
7

99
33

100
58

100
45

100
5

92

91

100

24
80

33
79

36
100

36

2

91
86
83
27
100

49
49
26
27
99

86
86
58
20
96

7

1
100
100
27
26
100

Selected benefits
Pacific

100
16
84
100
58
12
30

100

88
87
57
33
99

Moun­
tain

100
53
47
100
43
8
49

100
2
39

4
23
2
20

Middle
West

100
34
66
100
66
18
16

2
100
2
95

9

Great
Lakes

7
2
74
18
100
4
1
11
50
6
9
18

44

100

15

16
38

36

1

38

60
3

96

97
54

79
43

100
15

8

100
23

100
43

88

76

70

98

93

92

100

9
51

21
60

6
69

25
75

43
80

10
89

20
96

16

1

3

91
91
49
29
100

85
85
48
34
96

99
99
68
34
100

88
86
36
27
95

100
21

94
94
94
79
100

Paid vacations:2 3
After 1 year of service.
1 week.
2 weeks.
After 10 years of service.
2 weeks.
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.
3 weeks.
4 weeks.
After 15 years of service.
2 weeks.
3 weeks.
Over 3 and under 4 weeks.
4 weeks.
After 25 years of service.
2 weeks.
3 weeks.
Over 3 and under 4jjweeks.
4 weeks.
Over 4 weeks.
Paid holidays.3
5 days.
6 days.
6 days plus 1 half day.
6 days plus 2 half days.
7 days.
7 days plus 2 half days.
8 days.
8 days plus 1 half day.
8 days plus 2 half days.
9 days.
10 days.
10 days plus 1 half day.
11 days.
12 days.
Health, insurance, and pension p lans:3
Life insurance.
Accidental death and dismember­
ment insurance.
Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave.3
Sickness and accident insurance.
Sick leave (full pay, no waiting
period).
Sick leave (partial pay or waiting
period).
Hospitalization insurance.
Surgical insurance.
Medical insurance.
Catastrophe insurance.
Retirement pension.
No health, insurance, or pension plan.

3 Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
3 Includes only those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by

the employer, and excludes legally required plans such as workmen’s com­
pensation and social security.
6 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident
insurance shown separately.

systems and 54 combination systems. In almost
seven-tenths of all systems with established job
rates for groundmen, minimum entrance and job
rates were identical. A majority of the remaining
systems reported job rates which were 2 to 10
cents an hour above the established entrance rate
for this job. In three-fifths of the systems with
established job rates for main installation and
service laborers, the same rate was reported for
both the minimum entrance and minimum job
rate. In a majority of the remaining systems, the
differential ranged from 3 to 10 cents.

virtually all systems surveyed. In the Border
States, however, about an eighth of the workers
had weekly schedules of 42, 44, or 45 hours.
Nine-tenths of the office workers also had 40-hour
workweeks; most of the remainder worked 37%
hours per week.

S cheduled W eek ly H o u rs. A work schedule of 40
hours a week was in effect for physical workers in

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

S h ift P ra ctices. S e c o n d - s h i f t o p e r a t i o n s
accounted for about 7 percent of the physicalworker employment nationally, with highest per­
centages in the New England (10.5 percent) and
Mountain regions (9.3 percent) and lowest in the
Pacific (4.5 percent) and in the Southeast (3.4 per­
cent). About the same proportion of physical
workers was employed on third or other shifts

764
nationally, with highest and lowest percentages in
the same regions as above. Differentials over
first-shift rates were paid to approximately threefourths of the late-shift workers; these were
usually on a cents-per-hour basis, varying from less
than 5 cents to between 12 and 13 cents on secondshift and up to 15 cents on third-shift operations.
All systems granted paid holi­
days, the number of days ranging from 5 to 12
annually. Regionally, the most common pro­
visions were 11 days in the Middle Atlantic; 10
days in New England; 8 days in the Border,
Mountain, and Pacific States; 7 days in the Great
Lakes and Middle West; and 6 days in the South­
east and Southwest (table 5).

P a id H o lid a y s.

Vacation pay was provided for
all physical and office workers with qualifying
service. Almost a third of all physical workers
and a majority in New England and Mountain
regions were employed in systems which granted
1 week of vacation to workers with 6 months of
service. Two-week vacations were available to
three-fifths of both the physical and office workers
after 1 year and to nearly all after 2 years’ service.
Three weeks were provided after 10 years of serv­
P a id V acation s.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

ice for a fifth of the workers; this provision was
especially common in the New England, Middle
West, and Pacific regions. Nine-tenths of the
workers were eligible for 3 weeks after 15 years of
service; the proportion varied from three-fourths
in the Southwest to all workers in the New Eng­
land and Pacific regions. A majority of the
workers were employed in systems which provided
4 weeks of vacation after 25 years of service.
Insurance
plans for which employers paid at least part of the
cost included life insurance for practically all
physical and office workers, hospitalization and
surgical insurance for more than four-fifths, and
medical insurance for a majority. Sick leave—
usually providing full pay without a waiting
period—was granted in systems employing about
seven-eighths of the physical and office workers
and sickness and accident insurance for a fourth.
Retirement pensions, in addition to benefits
available under Federal old-age, survivors, and
disability insurance, were reported in systems
employing almost all the workers.

H ea lth , In su ra n ce, a n d P e n sio n P la n s.

— F red

W.

M

ohr

Division of Wages and Industrial Relations

WAGE CHRONOLOGY: INTERNATIONAL SHOE CO.

Wage Chronology No. 25:
International Shoe Co.
Supplement No. 2— 1953-57
I n t e r n a t io n a l S h o e C o . agreements with the
United Shoe Workers of America (USWA) and the
Boot and Shoe Workers (B & SW), in effect since
the fall of 1952,1expired in September and October
of 1953, respectively.
These were replaced by 2-year agreements
negotiated on October 31, 1953, which established
semiannual cost-of-living wage escalator clauses
for the 18,000 employees represented by these 2
unions but provided for no immediate change in
pay. The agreements added a third week of vaca­
tion after 15 years of service and provided a
company-paid hospital, medical, and surgical plan.

765
Negotiations for new contracts began in Sep­
tember 1955 and, when no agreement was reached,
the unions struck on November 11, 1955. The
strike was ended in early December on terms of an
increase of almost 5 percent in the earnings of
piece and time workers, retroactive to October 3,
an additional advance of almost 3 percent in April
1956, and discontinuance of the cost-of-living
escalator clauses. The agreements were for 2
years, with provision for a third year if an ac­
ceptable pension plan could be worked out.
In July 1957, the parties agreed upon the terms
of a retirement plan, to be financed by company
payments of 3 percent of its gross payroll, and
extended the agreements to September 30, 1958.
The following tables show the changes which
were provided by these agreements.
i For previous developments, see Monthly Labor Review, July 1952 (pp.
30-34) and April 1953 (pp. 402-403), or Wage Chronology Series 4, No. 25.

A—General Wage Changes
Effective date

Provision

Oct. 1, 1953, USWA, and
Nov. 1, 1953, B&SW
(agreements of Oct. 31,
1953).

No wage change.

Apr. 5, 1954_____________
Oct. 4, 1954_____________
Apr. 4, 1955_____________
Oct. 3, 1955, USWA and
B&SW (agreements of
Dec. 1955).

No wage change___________
No wage change___________
No wage change___________
4.8 percent increase in earn­
ings.

Apr. 2, 1956, USWA and
B&SW (agreements of
Dec. 1955).

2.75 percent increase in
ings.

Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Semiannual cost-of-living escalator clause established, with
1-percent adjustment of existing 4-percent extra wage
payment (applied to gross weekly earnings) for each
1.15-point change in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’
Consumer Price Index from its Aug. 15, 1953, level
(1947-49=100). First adjustment due Apr. 5, 1954,
based on the Feb. 15, 1954, index. No decrease in the
index was to reduce extra wage payment below that
currently paid.
Semiannual review of cost-of-living allowance.
Semiannual review of cost-of-living allowance.
Semiannual review of cost-of-living allowance.
Increase resulted from raising extra wage payment from
4 to 9 percent. Consequently, piece-rate schedules
were not revised. Cost-of-living escalator clause dis­
continued.
Minimum rate to be changed when mandatory under Fair
Labor Standards Act to new minimum required by the
act.
Increase resulted from raising extra wage payment from
9 to 12 percent.

B—Minimum Plant Rates
Effective date

Area and rate
St. Louis area

Sept. 29, 1952________________________
Mar. 1, 1956________________
1 In accordance with amendment to Fair Labor Standards Act, effective Mar. 1,1956.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$0. 75
n . oo

Outside St. Louis
$0. 75
»1. 00

766

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

C—Related Wage Practices
Effective date

Provision

Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters

Holidays
Dec. 24, 1954, and Dec. 31, 1954, sub­
stituted for Christmas D ay 1954 and
New Year’s D ay 1955, which were on
Saturday. Nov. 11, 1954, substituted
for Independence D ay which was on
Sunday.
Veterans’ D ay (Nov. 11) 1956, 1957,
and 1958, substituted for Memorial
Day.
Holiday pay to be calculated at straighttime average hourly earnings for 6
weeks prior to holiday or, if employee
had no earnings record during the 6
weeks, for entire period available.

Oct. 1, 1953, USWA, and
Nov. 1, 1953, B&SW.

Oct. 1, 1955, USWA and
B&SW.

Paid Vacations
Oct. 1, 1953, USWA, and
Nov. 1, 1953, B&SW.

Added: Third week of vacation after 15 years’
continuous service.

6 percent of total earnings during year
for workers with 15 or more years’
continuous service and having 100 but
less than 1,100 hours of work during
the year. Those with 1,100 hours|to
receive full vacation pay.

Group Insurance
Oct. 1, 1953, USWA, and
Nov. 1, 1953, B&SW.

Changed to company-paid plan:
Increasing sickness and accident benefits to $25 a
week for men and $15 a week for women,
beginning on 1st day of absence because of
nonoccupational accident and 8th day of
illness.
Adding hospital and surgical benefits— $8 a day
hospitalization for 31 days (maximum $248);
$3 daily in-hospital medical benefits for 31
days (maximum $93); $160 maximum special
hospital services; flat $100 maternity benefit
($150 for Caesarian delivery and $50 for
miscarriage).

Benefits applied to employees with 3
months’ service.

Hospital and surgical benefits available
for dependents at cost of $3.25 a
month.

Pension Plan
Oct. 1, 1957, USWA and
B&SW (su p p lem en ta l
agreements of July 1957).


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Company paid retirement plan established to
provide:
Normal retirement benefits of $1.25 a month for
each year of credited service, up to 30, for
employees at age 65 with at least 15 years’
service; to be supplemented by Federal social
security benefits.
Total and permanent disability benefits identical
with normal retirement benefits for em­
ployees at age 50 or older with 15 years’
service and at any age with 25 years’ service.
Vested rights: Employee terminated from active
service on or after Oct. 1, 1957, after at least
15 years’ continuous credited service to re­
ceive deferred benefits at age 65, based on
credited service to date of termination.

Company to pay 3 percent of gross pay­
roll. "Benefits to begin Oct. 1, 1958.
Normal or disability benefits applicable
to employees terminated on or after
Oct. 1, 1955, who met age and service
requirements at time of termination.
For periods after Oct. 1, 1957, 1 year’s
service credited for each year of con­
tinuous service in which employees
worked 1,100 or more hours with fol­
lowing proportions credited for fewer
hours:
Hours worked

Service credit

200-499_____
500-799_____
800-1,099___
1,100 or more

-0.25
...5 0
-_.75
-1.00

year
year
year
year

Technical Note
Relative Importance of
CPI Components, 1957
relative importance of a component of the
Consumer Price Index 1 of the U. S. Department
of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics represents
its expenditure weight multiplied by the relative
of price change from the weight date to a later
period (December 1957, for example) and the
result expressed as a percentage of the total for
all items. Changes in the relative importance of
a component result from (a) major weight re­
visions based on comprehensive consumer ex­
penditure surveys such as that completed in 1953;
(b) minor weight adjustments to take account of
changes in the list of items priced, such as the
discontinuance of several items in 1955; and (c)
different rates of price change among the various
items. In the absence of a weight revision in
the index, if prices of all items changed at the
same rate, their importance in the index would
not change.
Current relative importance figures do not
necessarily represent a distribution of current
family expenditures because the CPI measures
only average changes in the prices of goods and
services. Family spending patterns are affected

T he


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

by many other factors, such as income, family
size, and relative availability of goods of different
kinds and qualities, etc. The relative importance
figures indicate how urban families of wage
earners and clerical workers would distribute
their expenditures if they continued to buy the
same kinds and amounts of goods and services
that they purchased in 1952.
The accompanying table is the latest in a series
showing the relative importance of each of the
items included in the index. Data are shown for
1947-49 (the base period of the index), for the
two last periods during which a major weight
change was incorporated in the index, and for
December 1957. These figures are useful in
analyzing the effect of price movements on the
Consumer Price Index as calculated and can be
used in the construction of indexes for special
combinations of items.
Previously published articles contain more
detailed discussions of uses and limitations of
these data.2
i The index is constructed from price data collected for about 300 items,
all combined into the total all-items index by means of weights based on
consumer expenditure patterns of 1950. For a description of the method used
in calculating the Consumer Price Index, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168, Ch. 9, pp. 63-81.
s See M onthly Labor Review, June 1951, pp. 697-702; August 1954, pp. 891896. Relative importance data for earlier years are published in these issues
and also in the M onthly Labor Review for April 1955, pp. 444-447; M ay 1956,
pp. 568-571; and May 1957, pp. 599-602.

767

768

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958
List of items priced for the Consumer Price Index and their relative importance in the all-items index, selected dates
Percent of all-items total
Item

Percent of all-items total

1947-4 Janu­ Decern Decem­
ber
aver­ ary
ber
age i 1950 1952 »
1957

FOOD...............................................................

42.7

33.3

29.6

28.6

Food at home_________________ ________
Cereals and bakery products.............. ........
Cereals____________________________
Flour____________________________
Biscuit mix______________________
Corn flakes_______________________
Rolled oats_______________________
Corn meal_______________________
Rice____________________________
Bakery products____________________
Bread___________________________
Soda crackers_____________________
Vanilla cookies___________________
Meats, poultry, and fish_______________
Beef..*____ .1................ ............................
Round steak_____________________
Chuck roast............... ......... .................
Rib roast______ _______ _________
Hamburger___________________ .
Veal cutlets________________________
Pork_____________________ _______
Pork chops_______ _______________
Smoked ham___ _________________
Bacon._____ ____________ ________
Salt pork________________________
Lamb, leg.____ _________ __________
Frankfurters_______________________
Canned luncheon meat______________
Poultry___________________________
Roasting chickens_________________
Frying chickens___________________
F ish l...... ........ ............. ..............................
Fresh and frozen fin fish___ ________
Canned salmon___________________
Canned tu n a ... __________________
Dairy products............................. ...............
B utter.................................... ...................
Cheese, American process____________
Milk, fresh (delivered)_____ _____ ___
Milk, fresh (grocery)________________
Milk, evaporated. I _________________
Icecream .......... ........... ............. ...... ........
Fruits and vegetables________________
Fresh fruits________________________
Oranges_____ __________ _________
Lemons_________________________
Grapefruit_______________________
Apples______________________
Bananas................................................
Peaches........ ..........................................
Grapes.....................................................
Strawberries..........................................
Watermelons____
____ _________
Fresh vegetables____________________
Potatoes..................................................
Sweetpotatoes.____ _______________
Beans^ green______________________
Cabbage__________________ _
C a rro ts..______ ____________ _____
Onions....... ...................... .................
Tomatoes...................... ............ ...........
Celery__________________________
Lettuce____________ ______ ______
Spinach__ ____ ___________ _______
Canned fruits______________________
Orange juice______ _______________
Peaches.............. ....................................
Pineapple_________ ________ _____
Fruit cocktail____________________
Canned vegetables........................ ..........
Corn_______________________
Peas............................... ................. ...
Tomatoes_______________________
Strained baby food___ ____________
Frozen fruits..............................................
Orange juice concentrate......... ........... .
Strawberries_____________________
Frozen vegetables.............. ......................
Peas..................... ........... .......................
Beans, green________________ _____
Dried fruits and vegetables
Prunes________.”. ________________
Beans.......................................................

42. 7
5.8
1.7
.9

33.3
3.9
.9
.6

.2
.3
.2
.1
4.1
3.4

.1
.1
(?)
.1
3.0
2.2

.7
13.4
5.2
2.0
.7
1.8
.7
.8
3.4
1.5
.9
.8
.2
1.3

.8
10.6
3.5
1.4
.6
.4
1.1
.3
2.1
.9
.6
.5
.1
.8
.9

25.0
3.0
1.0
.5
.2
.1
.1
(3)
.1
2.0
1.4
.1
.5
7.7
2.3
.9
.6
.2
.6
.2
2.2
.7
.7
.8

23.8
3.2
.9
.5
.1
.1
.1
(?)
.1
2.3
1.6
.2
.5
6.8
1.9
.7
.5
.2
.5
.2
2.2
.8
.6
.8

1.4
1.4

2.0

See footnotes at end of table.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1.3
.9
.4
8.3
2.8
.7
2. 7
1.7
.4

2.0
1.0
.7
.3
6.1
.9
.6

2.1
1.6
.3
.6

8.7
2.8
1.1

7.0
1.5
.7

1.0
.7

.3
.5

4.0
1.4
.2
.3
.3
.5
.4

.1

3.2
.9
.1
.3
.2
.3
.3
.6

.6
.2
.4

.5

.2
.2

.3
.2

.9
.2
.2
.5

1.3
.3
.3
.5
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1

.6
.3
.3

.2
.7
.3
1.2

.2
.7
.2
.8

1.2

.8
.6
.3
.1
.2
4.0
.4
.5
1.2
1.3
.3
.3
4. 2
1. 4
.5
(?)
.1
.3
.2
.l
.l
(?)
.1
1.2
4
(3)
1
(3)
1

.6
.3

.1
.2
4.1
.5

.5
1.2
1.3
.3
.3

4. 5
1.4
.3
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
1.4
.5
.i
.1
(3)
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2

.5

.2
.1
a

J2

1

12

.6
.2
.2
.1
.1
.6
.1
.2
.2
.i
.1
.1
(?)

.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1

.6
^2
Jl

.1

6

.1
J2.

J2

.1
1

«

.1
.11

(3)

.1
.1

Item

Food at home—Continued
Other foods at home__________________
Partially prepared foods__ __________
Soup, vegetable_______________ ___
Soup, tomato_______________ _____
Beans with pork______ ______ _____
Condiments and sauces______________
Sweet pickles____________ ________
Tomato catsup_________
_______
Nonalcoholic beverages______________
Coffee_____ ______________________
Tea_____________________________
Cola drinks______________________
Fats and oils_______________________
Margarine............................................
Lard.......................................................
Vegetable shortening............................
Salad dressing__ ________________ _
Peanut butter___ _________________
Sugar and sweets..... ......................... ........
Sugar_______________ ___________
Corn syrup______ _____ __________
Grape jelly............ ......................... ......
Chocolate bar____________________
Eggs................... ................... .............. .
Miscellaneous: Flavored gelatin dessert.
Food away from home: Restaurant m eals...

1947-4Î Janu- Decern Decernaverary
ber
ber
age 1 1950 1952 *
1957
6.5

1.4
1.4

5.7

2.4
1.8
.6
.9
.2
.1
.4
.2

1.2
.2
.4
.2
.3
.1
1.3
1.3

1.0
.7

2.6

1.4

.3

5. 7
.6
.4

56
.6

.2
.3
.2
.1
1.5
1.1
.1
.3

.2
.3
¿2
.1

.4

1.6
1.11
^4
.9
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1

.9
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1
.9
.4
.1

.8
.4
.1

.1
.3

J2

1.4
.1
4.6

1.3
.1
4.8

HOUSING.......................................................

26.9

25.1

32.5

32.9

Rent______ _______ __________ _____
Other shelter___________ __________ ___
Housing away from home *........... ............
Home purchase and upkeep.............. ..........
Home purchase___________________ _
Real estate taxes...................... ................
Mortgage interest___________________
Property insurance__________________
Repairs and maintenance____________
Repainting garage___________ _____
Exterior house paint______________
Repainting rooms_____________ ____
Paint brash. _____________ ______
Reshingling house roof..........................
Water heater___ ____ _____________
Cabinet kitchen sink______ ________
Sink fa u c e t.................... ....................
Refinishing floors______ ___________
Porch flooring___ ______ ___ ____
Gas and electricity_____________________
Gas, residential heating________________
Gas, other than residential heating............
Electricity_____________ ______ _____
Solid fuels and fuel oil_____ _____ _____
Anthracite______________ _________
Bituminous coal___________________
B riquets............................................. .........
Fuel oil............................................... ........
Range oil.......................... ..........................
Wood______ ________________
Coke............ ........ ..........................
Kerosene____________ _____ _______
Housefumishings........ ...................................
Textile housefumishings............................
Sheets.............................. ..............
Blankets.......... .......................................
Bedspreads............................ .............. .
Towels____ _______________
Tablecloths................................................
Drapery fabric...........................................
Curtains__________________________
Floor coverings________ _____________
Broadloom, velvet................................ .
Rugs, wool, axminster..................... ........
Rugs, cotton, scatter................................
Broadloom, rayon______________ ____
Rugs, felt b ase................... ....................
Furniture and bedding______ __________
Living room suites____________ _____
Dinette sets, wood_____ _____ ______
Dinette sets, chrome........... .....................
Bedroom suites________________ _____
Sofa beds.......... ............ ....................
Bedsprings____ _____ ______
Mattresses____ ____________ _____

13.5

11.6

56
12. 2

fi K
12 4

.4
11.8
6.1
1.0
1. 5
.2

3.0
.1
.3
.3
.3
.3

.4

12.0
5.9
1.1
1. 7
.2
3.1
.2
.6

.3

.3

.7
.4

.8
.1
.3
.2

1.9
1.0
.9
2. 7
.8
1.2
(3)
.3

2.1
.3
.7
1.1
1.4
.3
.5

(3)
.4
(3)
4.8
.6
.2
.1

.4
.1
(3)
.1
(3)
5.7
.9
.2
.1

.1

.1

.2
.4

.5
.4

.3

.3 i
(3)

.1
1.7
.7
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1 1

.1
1.6
.5
.1
.1
.4
.1
.2

.2

.1

.2

.3

2.3n
.4

19
.3
.6
1.0
1.3

.3
.5

(3)
.5
(3)
(3)
66
.9
.2
.1
.1
.1
(3)
.2
.2
.6

.6
1.0
14

.2

(3)
(3)
(3)

.5
.2
.2
.1

.6

59
.8
.2
.1
1
.1
.2

.1
.5
.2
.2

-4
.1
.1
1.8
.5
.1
.2

.6

(3)

.1
1.7
.5
.2
^2
.4
.2
.2

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CPI COMPONENTS

769

List of items priced for the Consumer Price Index and their relative importance in the all-items index, selected dates— Con.
Percent of all-items total

Percent of all-items total

Item
1947-49 Janu­ Decem­ Decem­
aver'
ary
ber
ber
age 1 1950 1952 J
1957
Housefurnishings—Continued
Major household appliances___________
Radios...................................................... .
Radio phonographs________ ________
Refrigerators, electric_______________
Cook stoves...............................................
Washing machines, electric.......... ..........
Vacuum cleaners, electric____________
Sewing machines, electric....................... .
Small household appliances: Toasters,
electric................... .................................
Housewares.................................................
Dinnerware, 53-piece set..........................
Saucepans, aluminum................. ...........
Brooms.....................................................
Miscellaneous_______________________
Napkins, paper____________________
Toilet tissue_____ __________________
Electric light bulbs_________________
Household operation___________________
Laundry soap and detergents.................. .
Dry cleaning________________________
Laundry service_____________________
Automatic laundry service........................
Domestic services____________________
Telephone service____________________
W ater______________________________
Postage.........................................................
Toilet tissue.................................................
Ice........... ................................. ...................
A PPA REL.
M en’s and boys’ apparel_____
M en’s apparel____________
Overcoats______________
Topcoats_______________
Jackets........................... —
Sweaters_______________
Suits, heavy weight wool..
Suits, light weight wool__
Suits, rayon........................
Suits, cotton.......................
Slacks, wool____________
Slacks, rayon___________
Trousers, work_________
Overalls_______________
Dungarees_____________
Shirts, work____________
Qioves, work___________
Shirts, sport____________
Shirts, business_________
Shorts___ _____________
Undershirts____________
Union suits____________
Pajamas........ ...... ...............
Socks, cottoo___ _______
Socks, rayon.......................
Socks, nylon stretch..........
Hats, felt.............................
Boys' apparel........................
Overcoats______________
Suits, wool_____________
Jackets________________
Slacks_________________
Mackinaws____________
Dungarees_____________
Shirts_________________
Shorts............... .................
Women’s and girls’ ap p arel...
Women's apparel_________
Coats, heavy weight wool.
Coats, light weight wool...
Coats, fur______________
Suits, wool_____________
Suits, rayon____________
Dresses, wool___________
Dresses, rayon....................
Dresses, cotton, street___
Housedresses____ ____. . .
Skirts, wool____________
Skirts, rayon.......................
Blouses, ra y o n ............ .
Blouses, cotton___ _____
Sweaters......... ....................
Shorts, cotton, sport.........
Slips, rayon and nylon___
Panties, rayon....................
Girdles................................

See footnotes at end of table.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.0
.4
(3)

2.3
(!)

.8
.3
.3

.9
.3

.1
.1

.2

2.3
«

1.8
(')

.9
.5
.5

.5
.4
.5

.1

.2
.2

.2
.2

.1

.2

.4

.5
.2

.2
.6

.8

.2
.2
(3)

(3)

(«)

(6)

4.0
.9

4.3
.7

(7)

(7)

1. 0
1.1
.7
.2

.1
.3
.2

12.6

4.4
4.1
.3

3.7
3.2

.1

.1
.1

.1

.1
1.6
(3)

.4
.3

.3
( 3)

1.0

.2

.2
.1

.2
.1
4.9
.6
1.2
.7

(3)

.2

.1

5.4
.7
1.4

.8
.1

.1
.6

.6

1.1
.3
.2
(8)

.1

1.1
.4
.3
( 8)

9.2

9.0

2.9
2.5

2.8
2.4

.2

(3)

.2
(3)

(3)

( 3)

.3

.1

«

.2

( 3)

(3)

.1

.1

.1
.1

.3
(3)

.1

.1
(3)
(3)

.1
4.6
4.2

.6

.3

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.1

.2
(3)

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.1

.1

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5.3
4.9

(3)
4.1
3.4
.5

.6

.3
.4
.6

.2
.1

.1

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.2

.1
.3

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.2

3.9
3.3
.5

.3

.2
(3)

.1
.1
(3)

.1

.4

.7
.3
.4
(3)

1947-49 Janu­ Decem­ Decem­
ber
aver­ ary
ber
age 1 1950 1952 *
1957

Women’s and girls' apparel—Continued
Women’s apparel—Continued
_____________
Brassieres
Nightgowns..... ....................... ..................
Stockings, nylon------- ------- ------- ------Gloves
__________ ____________
Handbags
____
Girls’ apparel. ______________________
Coats . . . ----------------------------------Dresses, cotton__________ ___________
Skirts, wool_________________ ______
Sweaters__________________________
Slips
_____________ -- -Panties. _________________ ________
Anklets------------------------------------- -Footwear ___________________________
Shoes_______________________________
Men’s shoes, street__________________
Men’s shoes, work---------------------------TVTptVs rubbers, dress________________
Women’s shoes, street -----------------------------W o m e n ’s s hoe s , p l a y .______________
Children’s shoe’s," oxfords..........................
Shoe repairs..... ...........................................................
Other apparel------------- ----------- --------------------Diapers_____________________________________
Yard goods----------- ------- -------------------------Cotton............................. ...........- ......................
Rayon ____________________________________

.4
.1
.3

.4
.2
.1

(3)
(3)
(3)
3.0
2.7

(3)
(3)
.1
2.2
1.8
.5

.8
.3
.2
(3)
.2
.1
.1

.5
.2
.5
.4
.5
.2
.3
.2
.1

Apparel services: D ry cleaning......................

.4

1. 1

T R A N SPO RTA TIO N ---------- -------------------

7. 1

11. 4

11. 3

11. 5

Private _____________________________________
Automobiles, new________ ____ _________

4. 8
2. 4

7. 9
3. 7

Motor oil __________ _____ _________
Auto insurance_______________________
Auto registration........................... - .............
Public----------------- -----------------------------Transit fares_________________________
Railroad fares...............................................

.2
.1
1. 5
.2
.3
.1
2.3
2.2
.1

.7
.2
2. 1
.2
.7
.3
3. 5
2. 8
.7

10. 0
2. 9
2. 0
1. 1
.3
2. 2
.2
1. 0
.3
1. 3
1. 0
.3

10. 0
3. 0
1. 6
1. 2
.3
2.4
.2
1. 0
.3
1. 5
1. 2
.3

M ED ICA L C A R E ____________________

3. 3

5. 2

5. 1

5. 3

Medical care (excluding drugs)----------------General practitioner---------------------------Office visit--------------------- ------------Home visit_____ ____ — .........................
Obstetrical care-------------------------------Surgeon: Appendectomy---------------------Tonsillectomy— ......................................
D entist_____________________________
Filling...... ..................................................
Extraction_________________________
Optometric examination and eyeglasses—
Hospital services................. ................. ......
M en’s pay ward ___________________
Semiprivate room___________________
Private room .. ......... ............. ...........
Group hospitalization_________________
Accident and health insurance________ _
Prescriptions and drugs------------- -----------Prescriptions, narcotic and nonnarcotic—
Penicillin tablets___ _____ __________
Multiple vitamin concentrates_________
Aspirin__________ _______ ___________
Milk of magnesia----------- --------------------

2. 9
1. 1
.6
.4
.1
.1
.1
.7
.5
.2
.1
.6
.2

4. 4
1. 3
.6
.5
.2
.1
.1
1. 2
.9
.3
.2
.5
.2

4. 2
1. 6
.7
.7
.2
.2
.1
.8
.6
.2
.3
.2
.1

4. 4
1. 7
.7
.6
.2
.2
.1
.8
.6
.2
.3
.3
.1

0.1
.7
.1

.9

.1
(3)
.9

Au t o mo b i l e s , u s e d ________________________
Auto repairs........... .................. — .....................
Tires _____________________________ __________
Gasoline..................... ............ - ..........................

.1

.1

Item

.4
.2

.1

Ti net . nre nf iodiTlft__

____

PERSONAL CA R E___________________
Men’s haircuts--------- ---------------------------Permanent waves......... .................. ................
Shampoos and wave sets.................................
Toilet soap------ ---------- ------------ -----------Cleansing tissues_______________________
Toothpaste.............................. .....................
Shampoo_____________________________
Shaving cream_________________________
Home permanent refill__________________
Face powder______________ ____ ________
Face cream. _________________________
Razor blades__________________________
Sanitary napkins............................... .............

/

0.1
.8

.1

.1

(3)

0.1
.1

0.1

.4

.4

(!)

.1
.7

.6

.2
.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

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.1
1.4
1.3
.3
.1
.1

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.1
1.5
1.3
.3

.4
.1
.3
.1
.8
.2
.1
.1
(3)
.5
(8)

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.2
.3
.2
.8
.2
.1
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-4

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-1
1. 1

1. 0

1. 0

.2
.4
.2

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.4

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.1
o
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.3
.1
.2
.2
.1

2. 5

2. 4

2. 0

2. 2

1. 0
.2
.3
.4

.7
.2
.3
.3

.3

.3

.6
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1

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.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1

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(3)

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.1
.1
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(3)

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.1
.1
.1

rro

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

List of items 'priced for the Consumer Price Index and their relative importance in the all-items index, selected dates— Con.
Percent of all-items total

Percent of all-items total

Item
1947-49 Janu­ Decem­ Decem­
aver­ ary
ber
ber
age 1 1950 1952 3
1957
REA D IN G AND R E C R E A T IO N _____

2.8

5.8

5.3

5.3

Radios_______________________________
Television sets_________________________
Television repairs___- _________________
Motion picture admissions_______________
Adult_______________________________
Child_______________________________
Velocipedes___________________________
Toys_________________________________
Sporting goods______ _______________
Newspapers___________________________

(8)

0.3
.9

0.4
.9

0.3

1.6
1.6

2.2
2.2

1.2

O T H ER GOODS AND SER V IC ES____
Cigarettes___ _____ _________ _________
Cigars ______________________________
Pipe tobacco__________________________
B eer._________________________ . .
Whiskey. . _________ _______________
Miscellaneous4___ _ _______ _
____

(3)

(3)

1.4
1.1
.3

1.7
1.3

1.5

.3
13
1.0

.3
1l
i.i

2.1

4.0

5.0

5.2

1.6
.3
.2

1.9
.2
.1
1.8

1.7
.1

2.0

14
10
.8

14
9
.8

.9

.1

i Figures previously published for 1947-49 have been adjusted to reflect
the allocation of weights for the following groups of items which were not
priced but whose weights were moved by changes for priced items:
Items
Weights allocated to—
Other household supplies.............. Laundry soap and toilet tissue.
Miscellaneous apparel__________ All priced apparel items.
Unallocated items.......................... . All priced items.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Item
1947-49 Janu­ Decem­ Decem­
aver­ ary
ber
ber
age i 1950 19522
1957
SPECIAL GROUPS:
All commodities___ ____________________
Nondurables_________________________
Food______________________________
Nondurables less food_______________
Apparel commodities______________
Nondurables less food and apparelDurables____________________________
All services_________ ________ _________ _
Rent_____
_____________________
Services less rent. ___________________
Transportation services______________
Medical care services________________
Household operation services, gas and
electricity______________ ________
Other services________ ________ ___
Miscellaneous (unallocated)4____________

72.9
66.2
42.7
23.5
11.9
11.6
6.7
27.1
13.5
13.6
2.9
2.9

68.7
57.9
33.3
24.6
11.3
13.3
10.8
31.3
11.6
19.7
5.2
4.4

67.1
52.3
29.6
22.7
9.1
13.6
14.8
32.1
5.6
26.5
3.7
4.2

65.0
51.4
28.6
22.8
8.8
14.0
13.6
34.2
5.8
28.4
4.0
4.4

4.0
3.8

5.2
4.9

6.1
12.5
.8

6.7
13.3
.8

2 For December 1952, the weight of tools, shown separately in earlier publi*
cations, has been allocated to all priced household operation items.
3 Less than 0.05 percent.
4 Not actually priced; imputed from priced items.
5 Included in reading and recreation.
8 Included in household operation.
7 Included in apparel services.
8 Included in housefumishings.

Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*
Labor Relations
Ille g a l In sisten ce on N o n m a n d a to ry S u bjects. The
United States Supreme Court held 1 that an em­
ployer committed an unfair labor practice by in­
sisting upon a “ballot” clause calling for a pre­
strike vote of the employees covered by the col­
lective bargaining agreement as well as a “recog­
nition” clause which excluded as a party to the
contract the international union which had been
certified by the National Labor Relations Board
as the employees’ bargaining representative.
In this case, the international union, after its
certification by the Board, had chartered the local
union. The unions then presented the employer
with a comprehensive collective bargaining agree­
ment and the employer submitted a counterpro­
posal which contained two clauses (1) naming the
local union as the sole representative of the em­
ployees and (2) requiring a 30-day negotiation
period after which, before the union could strike,
the employees—union and nonunion—would vote
by secret ballot on the employer’s last offer on all
nonarbitrable issues. The latter clause provided
that, if a majority of the employees rejected the
employer’s last offer, the employer would have an
opportunity to make a new proposal within 72
hours and the employees would vote on it before
any strike. The unions refused to accept either
clause and the employer representative refused to
enter into any agreement unless it contained both.
Bargaining on other matters continued and re­
sulted in the employer submission of a package
proposal covering economic issues and containing
both controversial clauses. The unions rejected
this proposal and subsequently struck. Nonethe­
less, negotiations continued and the unions offered
to accept all employer proposals except the dis­
puted clauses. Eventually, on the recommenda­
tion of the international union, the local union
entered into an agreement containing the recog­
nition and ballot provisions.


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Meanwhile, the international union filed unfair
labor practice charges with the NLRB, which
found that, although the employer was not guilty
of bad faith, he had committed a per se violation
of section 8 (a) (5) of the National Labor Relations
Act, which makes it an employer unfair labor prac­
tice “to refuse to bargain collectively with the
representatives of his employees . . . ” 2 A court
of appeals set aside that portion of the order
relating to the ballot clause but upheld the Board’s
order as to the recognition clause.3 Both the
union and the employer appealed.
The Supreme Court, in reversing the appellate
holding relating to the ballot clause, upheld the
union’s position that this clause related only to a
procedure to be followed by the employees among
themselves before calling a strike or before their
representative might refuse a final offer, and was
not a partial no-strike clause, as the dissenting
opinion had contended. Furthermore, the Court
found that the recognition clause was an evasion
of the employer’s duty to bargain with the certi­
fied representative of his employees.
According to the Court, both clauses did not relate
to “wages, hours, and other terms and conditions
of employment” and therefore were not within
the scope of mandatory bargaining under section
8 (d) of the act, where neither party is legally
obligated to yield.4 While finding that the em­
ployer was free to propose these and other clauses
outside the scope of mandatory bargaining, and
that the clauses, if accepted by the union, would
have been enforceable, the Court reasoned that
the employer’s insistence upon them as a condition
to entering into any agreement was equivalent
to a refusal to bargain on the mandatory subjects
of collective bargaining under the act.

‘ Prepared in the U. S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor. The
cases covered In this article represent a selection of the significant decisions
believed to be of special interest. No attem pt has been made to reflect all
recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of labor law or
to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the existence of
local precedents, or a different approach by the courts to the issue presented.
1N L R B v. Wooster Division of Borg-Warner Corp. (U. S. Sup. Ct., May
5,1958).
2113 NLRB 1288 (1955), see M onthly Labor Review, November 1955, pp.
1274-1275.
8 236 F. 2d 898 (1956), see M onthly Labor Review, November 1956, p. 1313.
<This section defines bargaining collectively as “the m utual obligation of
the employer and the representative of the employees to meet at reasonable
times and confer in good faith with respect to wages, hours, and other terms
and conditions of employment, . . . but such obligation does not compel
either party to agree to a proposal or require the making of a concession.”

771

772
S ta te J u r is d ic tio n , N o .

1.
The United States
Supreme Court held 5 that the National Labor
Relations Act as amended by the Taft-Hartley
Act did not preclude a State court from awarding
actual and punitive damages to an employee for
loss of employment and mental anguish occurring
when union pickets prevented him from entering
the plant of his employer whose business was
subject to the act.
In this case, the union, which was the certified
bargaining representative for the employee’s unit,
had maintained a picket line of its striking mem­
bers who formed a compact circle across the only
entrance to the struck plant. According to the
findings of a trial-court jury, a nonunion employee,
along with other hourly paid workers, was pre­
vented from entering the plant on the first day of
the strike by the force of number of pickets and by
threats of bodily harm and damage to his auto­
mobile. Five weeks later, he was able to cross
the picket line and returned to work. His action
in the State court alleged wrongful interference
with a lawful occupation.
The trial court, at first, refused jurisdiction of
the suit on the basis of the union’s initial defense
that section 8 (b) (1) of the NLRA regulated such
matters and therefore the NLRB had exclusive
jurisdiction of the controversy. It was reversed
by the State supreme court.6 On remand, the
trial court found that the union willfully and
maliciously caused the employee to lose 5 weeks
of earnings and to suffer mental anguish and
awarded him $10,000 actual and punitive damages.
Subsequently, the State supreme court affirmed.7
Noting that the union’s activities were not pro­
tected by Federal law, the United States Supreme
Court assumed, without deciding whether the
union’s activities violated section 8 (b) (1) (A),
that the employee could have received back-pay
damages from the union under section 10 (c) of
the act if he had brought proceedings before the
NLRB. According to the Court, the Board’s
power to award back pay is merely incidental to
its primary purpose of stopping and preventing
unfair labor practices. In granting that power,
“Congress did not establish a general scheme
authorizing the Board to award full compensatory
damages for injuries caused by wrongful conduct.”
To affirm the award, the Court relied on U n ited
C on stru ction W orkers v. L a b u rn u m C o rp .,8 where
it had approved State court jurisdiction in award­


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

ing damages to an employer for injuries caused by
tortious acts of a union, although the activities
were assumed to be unfair labor practices in viola­
tion of the act. It distinguished that case from
G arner v. T eam sters U n io n ? in which it had held
that Congress prescribed preventive procedures
against unfair labor practices but excluded con­
flicting State procedure to the same end.
In this case, the Court found, the “possibility
of partial relief” under the act was not inconsistent
with the State power to punish tortious conduct of
a union by awarding actual and punitive damages.
J u risd ic tio n , N o . 2 . The United States
Supreme Court held 10 that a State court not only
had the power to direct the restoration of union
membership to a member expelled in violation of
his rights under the union’s constitution and
bylaws but could also award him damages for
lost wages and physical and mental suffering.
Prior to this action, a union member, while
serving on a union investigating committee, had
been assaulted because of his recommendation
regarding a membership application. He sued his
assailant and the union’s international representa­
tive, believing that the latter had provoked the
assault. While he recovered from the assailant,
the court had dismissed the suit against the
international representative. The union’s trial
committee found the member guilty of violating
the union constitution, which provided that a
member may be expelled or fined for “circulating
. . . any malicious or false statement . . . ques­
tioning the integrity of any officer of the Grand
Lodge.” The member was expelled after a vote
in which 29 members voted for expulsion, 14 voted
against, and 1 blank vote was returned.11 On
appeal, the international president upheld the con­
viction of the member but modified the expulsion
penalty to a fine of $500 and “a complete and
appropriate apology to the international repre­
sentative.” On his refusal to pay the fine or
apologize, the member was denied further appeals
S tate

8International Union, United Automobile Workers and Volk v. Russell
(U. S. Sup. Ct., M ay 26,1958).
«258 Ala. 615, 64 So. 2d 384 (1953); see M onthly Labor Review, June 1953,
pp. 630-631.
» 264 Ala. 456, 88 So. 2d 175 (1956).
8 347 U. S. 656 (1954); see Monthly Labor Review, August 1954, pp. 897-898.
• 346 U. S. 485 (1953); see Monthly Labor Review, February 1954, p. 183.
10International Association of Machinists and Truax v. Ocnzales (U. S.
Sup. Ct., May 20, 1958).
u According to the constitution, approval by two-thirds oi the voting
membership of the local was required to uphold exmilsion

m

DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES

and expelled from the union, which later refused
to refer him to employers via the union hiring hall.
In a State court, the member successfully
brought suit for restoration of his membership and
for damages due to illegal expulsion. It was
found that he had been wrongfully expelled as the
union constitution did not empower the interna­
tional president to change the penalty to an apology, and that two-thirds of the local membership
voting had not sustained the member’s conviction
as required by the constitution. The California
Appellate Court affirmed.12
In the Supreme Court action, the union attacked
that part of the State judgment awarding damages
to the member on the grounds that such State
power is excluded by section 8 (b) (2) of the TaftHartley Act. That section provides that it is an
unfair labor practice for a labor organization to
cause an employer to discriminate against a
nonunion employee “with respect to whom mem­
bership in such organization has been denied or
terminated on some ground other than his failure
to tender the periodic dues and initiation fees uni­
formly required as a condition of acquiring or re­
taining membership.”
Relying on the case decided the same day,13 the
Court stated that even if the union’s conduct in
not referring the member to employers was an
unfair labor practice for which the NLRB may
have been able to award the employee back pay,
“the possibility of partial relief from the Board
does not . . . deprive a party of available State
remedies for all damages suffered.” The Court
found that the State policy was to regulate in­
ternal union conduct while the Federal act sought
to prevent union-encouraged employer discrimina­
tion against an employee. Therefore, it held that
the possibility of conflict with Federal policy was
too remote to deny the member damages for loss
of wages and suffering.
E x ten sio n o f J u risd ic tio n a l P a tte rn . The National
Labor Relations Board held 14 that it would assert
jurisdiction in cases involving employees of an
employer who by himself does not meet the Board’s
jurisdictional standards but who is subject to such

jurisdiction for a portion of his employees under a
multiemployer bargaining agreement.
The employer in this case, together with four
other bakeries, had a collective bargaining agree­
ment with a union representing his production
and maintenance employees. The route sales
drivers of the employer had organized and the
union requested the employer to recognize the
union, claiming that well over half of the salesmen
had signed authorization cards. The employer
refused the request and fired the union leader,
ostensibly for habitual tardiness, although he had
been previously warned he would be discharged if
he persisted in union activities. Thereafter, 23
of the 31 salesmen engaged in a strike. They
were warned by the employer that he would
consider their refusal to work as a resignation.
Later, one striker applied for reinstatement at a
time when work was available; a month later, he
was rehired as a new employee at lower wages.
The Board rejected the employer’s contention
that, for purposes of his sales unit, his interstate
business volume should be considered apart from
the other bakeries and that he therefore was not
subject to Board jurisdiction. It found that the
union organization of sales drivers might be impor­
tantly affected by the fact that the employer and
his production and maintenance employees were
subject to its jurisdiction. According to the
Board, to deny the route salesmen the same rights
as the other employees of their employer would
thwart the purposes of the act which was intended
to define the scope of collective bargaining for all
employees of an employer engaged in interstate
commerce.
The Board found that the union’s request for
recognition implied the request to bargain and
therefore the employer had committed an unfair
labor practice in failing to recognize and bargain
with his employees’ representative. Thus, the
strike was caused by an unfair labor practice.
The Board therefore ordered the employer to
consider the strikers as employees and make
reinstatement and give back pay to the striker
discriminately discharged and the striker discriminately rehired at lower wages.
Veterans’ Reemployment

“ 142 Cal. App. 2d 207, 298 P. 2d 92 (1956).
18 See preceding case in this summary.

84 Browning and Rasco d. b. a. Cottage Bakers and Local 492, International
Brotherhood of Teamsters, 120 NLRB No. 99 (May 8,1958).


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C o u r t-N R A B J u r is d ic tio n —P ro m o tio n s. In a re­
cent case, the Supreme Court decided a basic

774
question of jurisdiction to enforce veterans’ reem­
ployment rights and further clarified promotion
rights.15
The veteran in this case, a railroad employee,
brought action in a Federal district court. The
railroad, and the veteran’s union which intervened,
asked dismissal of the action on the following
alternative grounds: (1) the National Railroad
Adjustment Board has exclusive jurisdiction; (2)
the veteran must fail because he did not pursue
grievance procedures of the contract or exhaust
his administrative remedy under the Railway
Labor Act; or (3) the action is premature until
the Board has interpreted the contract and found
that the veteran’s claim is justified, and the em­
ployer has then refused to comply with the award.
The district and appellate courts had rejected
the jurisdictional challenge. The Supreme Court
agreed, making the following rulings: (a) The
veteran’s rights are created by Federal statute,
even though their determination may involve in­
terpreting a bargaining agreement, (b) Although
the statute accepts the seniority system in the
agreement, it requires the system to be applied
in a manner that will not deprive the veteran of
statutory benefits, in terms of restoration to posi­
tion and advancement in status, (c) The veteran
was not suing simply as an employee under the
agreement but as a veteran asserting special rights
afforded by the Federal policy of protecting exservicemen. (d) The statute provides for repre­
sentation in Federal courts by United States attor­
neys and for advancement on the hearing calendar
to avoid delays in enforcement that might work
a hardship or, for all practical purposes, defeat
the right, (e) “To insist that the veteran first
exhaust other procedures on the ground that his
claim is not different from any other employee
grievance or claim under a collective bargaining
agreement” ignores the character of his rights and
defeats the liberal procedural policy set up by
Congress.
The veteran claimed retroactive seniority under
an agreement that divided railroad clerks into
three groups, with seniority defined within each
group. Rule 10 of the contract required bulletin­
ing of vacancies. Rule 1 (3) (A) provided that
promotion rights operate only within a group
“with the exception that employees on positions
enumerated in group two (2) will be given pref­


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

erence over nonemployees in the assignment to
positions in group one (1), based upon fitness and
ability . . . ” Rule 15 provided that an employee
returning from leave may resume his former posi­
tion or “exercise seniority rights to any position
bulletined during such absence.”
The veteran was a group 2 employee before in­
duction. In his absence, two positions in group 1
were bulletined; the first, that of bill clerk, was
bulletined on September 8, 1952, and filled on Sep­
tember 15 by a nonemployee; the second, that of
assistant cashier, was bulletined on September 10,
1952, and filled by a nonemployee on September
22. The veteran applied for reemployment on
October 1, 1952, and was placed in group 1 as as­
sistant cashier, with a seniority date of October 7,
1952. Later, this position was abolished and the
veteran demoted to a group 2 position. The vet­
eran claimed a seniority right to the group 1 posi­
tion of bill clerk on the theory that the Universal
Military Training and Service Act entitled him to
a seniority date of September 8 or 10, the dates
when, if present, he could have applied for the
bulletined positions. Also, either of these dates
would have entitled him to replace the nonem­
ployee as bill clerk when his position was dropped.
The district court dismissed his complaint for
failure to state a cause of action and the court of
appeals affirmed. On the merits, the Supreme
Court reiterated the escalator principle, which it
ruled had been embodied in section 9 (c) (2) of the
Universal Military Training and Service Act.
This principle, it said, does not assure the veteran
“that the past with all its possibilities of better­
ment will be recalled. . . . Much . . . that
might have flowed from experience, effort or
chance” remains unavailable. “The very impor­
tant but limited purpose is to assure that those
changes and advancements in status that would
necessarily have occurred simply by virtue of con­
tinued employment will not be denied the veteran
because of his absence in the military service.”
The statute does not purpose to give the veteran
a status that he could not have attained “as of
right” within the system of his employment if he
had continued in his civilian employment.
The Court ruled that there is no statutory right
to promotions which depend “not simply on
is McKinney v. Missouri-Kansas-Texas Ry. (U. S. Sup. Ct., June 23,1958).

775

DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES

seniority or some other form of automatic pro­
gression but on the exercise of discretion on the
part of the employer.” Here under rule 1 (3) (A),
appointment to a group 1 position depends “on
fitness and ability and the exercise of a discrimi­
nating managerial choice.” The veteran had no
right to it “simply because in his absence it had
been bulletined, and if he had then been employed
he might have applied for it, and . . . [the em­
ployer] might have found that he possessed the
requisite fitness and ability. The statute does
not envisage overriding an employer’s discretion­
ary choice by any such mandatory promotion.
Nor does it sanction interfering with and disrupt­
ing the usual carefully adjusted relations among
the employees themselves regarding opportunities
for advancement.”
The Court pointed out that, while rule 15 per­
mits the exercise of seniority rights to any position
bulletined during a leave of absence, under rule
1 (3) (A), seniority alone gives no right to move
from group 2 to group 1; fitness and ability are
also relevant. The employer had alleged that the
veteran’s actual assignment to group 1 was a mis­
take of law, i. e., an action taken because the em­
ployer believed the law required it. The Court
ruled, however, that the fact of promotion did not
enlarge the veteran’s rights under contract or
statute. Voluntary promotion, where the veteran
lacks a statutory right to promotion, does not re­
sult in an obligation to give the veteran seniority
in the higher position earlier than any employee
similarly promoted could have claimed as of right.
Under the general rule, seniority began when pay
began, which here was on October 7.
The veteran had argued that the disposal of his
case on a motion for summary judgment prevented
him from proving that, by custom and practice
under the agreement, he would necessarily have
been assigned to one of the two group 1 positions
18United. States v. Winegar (C. A., 9, Apr. 19,1958).
i? The act provides that violations of its provision shall render the con­
tractor liable to the Government “for liquidated damages . . . equal to the
amount of any . . . underpayments of wages due to any employee engaged
in the performance of such contract. . . . ” and states that these damages
“may be recovered in suits brought in the name of the United States of
America by the Attorney General thereof.” The act further directs the
Secretary of Labor to administer the act and to hold hearings on complaint of
violations and make findings which “if supported by the preponderance of
the evidence, shall be conclusive in any court of the United States.”
18 Unexcelled Chemical Corp. v. United States, 345 U. S. 59 (1953); see
M onthly Labor Review, May 1953, p. 523. In this case, the court held that
the Portal-to-Portal Act was applicable to these types of actions.


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if he had not been in military service. He further
urged that interpretation and practice by the
parties to an agreement are often the most reliable
bases for deciding rights claimed under it. In af­
firming the judgment, the Supreme Court granted
leave to the veteran to allege, if it is the fact, that
in actual practice under the agreement advance
from group 2 to group 1 is automatic.
Wages and Honrs
C oncurrent J u d ic ia l a n d A d m in istra tiv e

A c tio n .

A Federal court of appeals held 16 that the admin­
istrative procedure provided under the Public
Contracts (Walsh-Healey) Act to determine viola­
tions of contract wage-rate provisions17 does not
have to be completed before the Government may
bring action in a Federal district court.
In this case, the United States Secretary of
Labor filed an administrative complaint against an
employer who had contracted to furnish fuel oil
to the Government, alleging that he had not paid
his employees overtime pay as required by the
Walsh-Healey Act and his contract. Concurrently
with the administrative action and in order to
institute court proceedings within the required 2
years after the violations had occurred,18 the
Government filed suit in a Federal district court
but requested a stay of further proceedings until
the completion of the administrative hearing.
The district court dismissed the complaint on the
grounds that the Government did not have a
cause of action upon which suit could be brought
until the administrative proceedings of the
Secretary were exhausted.
The court of appeals, in reversing the district
court, held that although the statute directs the
Secretary to hold hearings and make findings of
violations which are binding on the courts if sup­
ported by a preponderance of the evidence, such
findings are not a prerequisite to the institution of
a court action. According to the court, the re­
quirement that administrative remedies must be
exhausted before resort can be had to the courts
is limited to claims which “are cognizable in the
first instance only by an administrative agency.”
Because of the wording of the Walsh-Healey Act
allowing the Attorney General to bring suit, the
appellate court held that the Government’s right
of action was founded in the statute and could be

776

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

brought in the first instance in the court. How­
ever, it stated that in the ordinary Walsh-Healey
action, “it may well be . . . appropriate pro­

cedure . . . to stay the judicial proceeding for a
reasonable time to await the making of adminis­
trative findings of fact.”

Union Conventions, August 16 to September 15,1958
D a te

U n io n

P la ce

August 16___

International Typographical Union______________

August 17___

National Federation of Post Office Motor Vehicle
Employees (Ind.).
The National Association of Special Delivery Mes­
sengers.
International Photo-Engravers’ Union of North
America.
National Association of Post Office and General
Service Maintenance Employees (Ind.).
United National Association of Post Office Crafts­
men (Ind.).
National Association of Letter Carriers___________

San Francisco,
Calif.
Philadelphia, Pa.

August 18___
August 18___
August 18___
August 20___
August 24___
August 25___
August 25___
August 25___
August 25___
September 1__

American Federation of Government Employees__
National Federation of Post Office Clerks________
American Federation of Teachers________________
National Association of Postal Supervisors (Ind.)_
United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of
America (Ind.).
September 5__ Barbers, Hairdressers, Cosmetologists, and Pro­
prietors’ International Union of America.
September 6__ Friendly Society of Engravers and Sketchmakers
(Ind.).
September 8__ National Federation of Federal Employees (Ind.)__
September 8__ The Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers International
Union.
September 8__ Brotherhood Railway Carmen of America________
September 8__ American Bakery and Confectionery Workers’ In­
ternational Union.
September 15 _ International Alliance of Bill Posters, Billers and
Distributors.
September 15. United Steelworkers of America_________________
September 15 _ International Stereotypers’ and Electrotypers’
Union of North America.
September 15_ Sheet Metal Workers’ International Association__

Kansas City, Mo.
New Orleans, La.
Milwaukee, Wis.
Cleveland, Ohio
San Francisco,
Calif.
San Diego, Calif.
Boston, Mass.
Milwaukee, Wis.
Louisville, Ky.
New York, N. Y.
Indianapolis, Ind.
New York, N. Y.
Kansas City, Mo.
Long Beach, Calif.
Kansas City, Mo.
Atlantic City, N. J.
New York, N. Y.
Atlantic City, N. J.
Battle Creek,
Mich.
Detroit, Mich.

S ta te fe d e ra tio n

September
September
September
September


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4__
8__
8__
15_

Missouri State Labor Council___________________
Connecticut State Labor Council________________
Iowa Federation of Labor_______________________
Alaska Federation of Labor_____________________

Kansas City
Hartford
Des Moines
Fairbanks

Chronology of
Recent Labor Events

A st r ik e - a v e r t in g , 2-year agreement was reached by the
Machinists with the Lockheed Aircraft Corp., providing
for wage increases in 1958 and 1959 and other improve­
ments for 16,000 workers in the firm’s California plants.
Subsequently, the union reached a similar agreement at
the company’s Marietta, Ga., plant.
On May 18, United Auto Workers employed in Douglas
Aircraft Corp. and North American Aviation plants in
6 western States ratified similar contracts for about 26,000
workers. (See also p. 779 of this issue.)

May 1,1958

May 8

AFL-CIO E x e c u t iv e C ou n cil ended its 3-day
meeting in Washington, D. C., having, among other
actions, extended the probation of two AFL-CIO-monitored unions—the United Textile Workers, which was
ordered to remove Burton Hyman as its vice president by
May 9 or stand suspended, and the Distillery Workers.
(See Chron. item for Dec. 5, 1957, MLR Feb. 1958.)
Full reports on compliance with cleanup orders are to
be made at the next council meeting. (See also p. 783
of this issue.)

I n a pr e c e d e n t - se t t in g d e c is io n , the NLRB ruled that
henceforth it would assert jurisdiction over bargaining
units limited to employees of one member of a multi­
employer bargaining group if the group meets the Board’s
jurisdictional standards, even though the individual mem­
ber himself may not meet the standards. The case was
Browning and Rasco, d. b. a. Cottage Bakers and Local
492, International Brotherhood of Teamsters. (See also p.
773 of this issue.)

T he

G eorge P. D e l a n e y became director of organizing activi­

ties of the International Union of Operating Engineers.
He resigned as an international representative of the
AFL-CIO.

May 2
T he W oo dw o rk ers , after 2 weeks’ negotiations with
lumber industry representatives from 5 western States,
offered to extend for 1 year a contract due to expire June 1.
Management accepted the offer and both parties agreed
to discuss wages on September 16 if economic conditions
warrant. The pact, subject to ratification by union
membership and individual employers, covers about
45,000 workers.

May 5

May 11
M e m b e r sh ip r at ific a t io n of a 2-year contract, retro­
active to May 1, with the Combustion Engineering Co.,
Inc., ended a 10-day strike of 3,000 members of the Boiler­
makers and Blacksmiths, at the company’s Chattanooga,
Tenn., plant. The pact includes a 10-cent-an-hour acrossthe-board wage increase and permits a reopening for wages
in mid-1959.

May 12
D e l e g a t e s representing about 30,000 members of 41
local unions which had withdrawn from the Laundry
Workers union following its expulsion from the AFL-CIO
(see Chron. item for Dec. 5, 1957, MLR, Feb. 1958), met
in Washington for a 3-day convention to found the AFLCIO Laundry and Dry Cleaning International Union.
(See also p. 782 of this issue.)

T he U. S. S u pr em e C ourt ruled, in National Labor

Relations Board v. Wooster Division of Borg-Warner
Corp., that it was illegal for an employer to insist, as a
condition precedent to signing a collective bargaining
contract, that the contract (1) require a secret prestrike
vote on the employer’s last offer by both union and non­
union members of the bargaining unit, and (2) be made
with the local union rather than the international, which
was the certified bargaining agent. (See Chron. item for
Sept. 12, 1956, MLR, Nov. 1956, and p. 771 of this issue.)

Representatives Federation, that AFL—CIO organizers and
field representatives are nonmanagerial employees entitled
to representation under the Taft-Hartley Act since they
do not formulate or determine policy of their department.
On May 27, the AFL-CIO Executive Committee an­
nounced that it had authorized recognition of the union.

May 7

May 19

T h e O hio AFL-CIO, totaling about 1 million members,

A n I n d ia n a su p e r io r court ruled that the State’s
right-to-work law does not prohibit an “agency shop”
clause in a collective bargaining contract, requiring non­
union employees to pay the union representing their
bargaining unit an amount of money equal to the union
members’ initiation fees, dues, and assessments. The
court held that monetary payments to an exclusive bar777

was created through merger of the State Federation of
Labor and the State Industrial Union Council.
On May 24, Indiana became the 38th State where State
AFL and CIO organizations have merged, when the In­
diana State AFL-CIO was formed. (See also p. 782 of this
issue.)

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May 14
T he NLRB unanimously ruled, in AFL-CIO and Field

778
gaining representative, which is required by law to repre­
sent all persons equally, is nothing more than payment
for nonmembers’ fair share of cost. The case was Meade
Electric Co. v. Hagberg, of Local 697, International Brother­
hood of Electrical Workers.

May 20
P r e sid e n t E ise n h o w e r approved a bill which raised, by 6
to 47 percent, the salaries of all members of the Armed
Forces except draftees and officers in their first tours of
duty.
On May 27, the President approved a bill which increased
postal employees’ salaries by 7% percent plus additional
“temporary” increases for the first 7 pay grades. (See
also p. 781 of this issue.)

May 21
T h e C a r p e n t e r s and the Master Builders Association of
Western Pennsylvania agreed on a 2-year contract calling
for a 25-cent hourly increase in 2 instalments and other
advances for about 5,000 workers.
During the month, the union also reached a 2-year
agreement with the Builders Association of Chicago,
providing for a 30-cent hourly wage increase in 2 steps for
about 30,000 workers. (See also p. 780 of this issue.)

May 22
T h e C om m u nic ation s W or k er s and the Southern Bell
Telephone Co. reached a 1-year agreement on weekly wage
increases ranging from $1 to $3 for about 56,000 employees
in 9 States.

May 26
T he U. S. S u pr em e C ourt ruled, in International Union,

United Automobile Workers and Valk v. Russell, that the
Taft-Hartley Act did not deprive a State court of the
power to award compensatory and punitive damages to a
nonstriking employee who was prevented from engaging
in his employment by pickets during a strike, even though
the union’s unfair labor practice was within NLRB
jurisdiction. (See also p. 772 of this issue.)
O n t h e same d a y , the High Court made a similar ruling
in International Association of Miachinists and Truax v.
Gonzales, which involved a machinist wrongfully expelled
from the union and denied referral to employers through
the union hiring hall. (See also p. 772 of this issue.)

T he International Union of Electrical Workers and the

Radio Corporation of America reached a tentative agree­
ment covering 16,500 workers in New Jersey, Ohio,
Indiana, Pennsylvania, and California. Provisions in­
cluded wage increases and additional benefits. (See also
p. 779 of this issue.)


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

May 27
T he NLRB r u l e d that in the future parties to multiem­
ployer bargaining units will be permitted to withdraw from
such units only upon an adequate written notice to the other
parties prior to dates of contract expirations, and that
withdrawal during contract negotiations will be allowed
only on mutual consent and in the absence of unusual
circumstances. The case was Retail Associates, Inc. and
Locals Nos. 128 and 633, Retail Clerks International
Association. (See Chron. item for Apr. 11, 1958, MLR,
June 1958.)
T he NLRB, in line with a recent Supreme Court decision
on the rights of noncomplying unions (see Chron. item for
Feb. 3, 1958, MLR, Apr. 1958), outlined the procedure
which it would follow in future cases to determine repre­
sentation questions involving such unions which had
received illegal assistance from an employer. The case
was Bowman Transportation, Inc. and Local 612, Inter­
national Brotherhood of Teamsters.

May 28
T h e T e a m st e r s reached a 3-year agreement with truck­
ing associations representing about 1,500 firms in 11
western States. If ratified by union members and em­
ployers, the pact will become a master contract replacing
35 separate agreements covering about 100,000 long­
distance truckdrivers. Provisions included wage increases
totaling 30 cents an hour and a raise from 5 to 10 cents an
hour, beginning May 1, 1960, in the employers’ contribu­
tions to the pension fund.
T h e NLRB dismissed a joint craft-severance petition by
several skilled craftsmen’s associations for single-plant
bargaining units for skilled workers of the General Motors
Corp., holding, in line with its established policy, that
since the requests were not “coextensive with the existing
bargaining unit,” the sought units were “too narrow” for
purposes of collective bargaining. The case was General
Motors Corp. and Federated Tool Crafts.
T he im pa r tia l chairm an of the dress industry (1) ordered
that all jobbers and manufacturers have at least 75 percent
of their work done by contractors permanently registered
with the chairman and the union as maintaining union
standards and (2) recommended to the union, which later
announced acceptance, that Pennsylvania dressmakers
pay piecework rates about 7 percent below those of New
York manufacturers. (See Chron. item for Mar. 11, 1958,
MLR, May 1958.)

May 31
T he C ommercial T e l e g r a p h e r s ’ U n io n and the Western
Union Telegraph Co. tentatively agreed on a 2-year con­
tract providing for a 2-step, 11-cent wage raise for about
30,000 workers throughout the country. (See also p. 780
of this issue.)

Developments in
Industrial Relations"
Wages and Collective Bargaining
N umerous actions on the wage front were an­
nounced in May as the tempo of collective bar­
gaining accelerated. Settlements were reached in
the aircraft industry, at two major radio and tele­
vision manufacturers, and in a number of non­
manufacturing industries. In several instances,
agreement was reached between labor and manage­
ment to leave rates of pay unchanged in view of
economic conditions, and some companies an­
nounced pay reductions for salaried employees.
Members of the Armed Forces as well as Post
Office employees were due to receive their first
general salary advances in 3 years, as President
Eisenhower signed into law provisions for such
increases.
About 650,000 workers were scheduled to re­
ceive cost-of-living pay raises ranging from 1 to 5
cents an hour, as the Consumer Price Index of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics rose to a record high
in April of 123.5 percent of the 1947-49 average.
The majority of these workers were in the farm
and electrical-equipment industries, where hourly
increases of 2 or 3 cents were indicated, and about
150,000 were nonunion workers employed in the
automobile industry. Production workers in the
automobile and related industries normally have
their wages adjusted on the basis of the April in­
dex, but most of them received no increase because
they were working under contracts that were due
to expire in late May or early June—before the
raises would have gone into effect.
N egotiations. Automobile
negotiations high­
lighted the news during May as expiration dates
of contracts in the industry approached. The
United Automobile Workers proposed that the
parties submit to binding arbitration economic
issues above those offered by the companies
through extension of the present contracts. This


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proposal was rejected by the Big Three, whereupon
the UAW instructed its members to be prepared to
work without a contract. On June 2, UAW mem­
bers went to work at Ford, General Motors, and
Chrysler with no contract in effect. The auto­
mobile companies had announced that failure of
the UAW to accept their offer of a 2-year contract
extension would preclude the “annual improve­
ment” increase and the cost-of-living adjustment
that otherwise would have gone into effect the
first pay period in June.1 (On May 24, all 3 com­
panies announced that they were giving both these
increases to their more than 150,000 nonunion
salaried and hourly employees. At GM and
Ford, the annual-improvement increase amounted
to 2% percent and at Chrysler to 3 percent; costof-living adjustments varied from $10 to $10.40
for a 3-month period.) Toward the end of May,
UAW President Walter P. Reuther, acting in line
with an earlier decision of a conference of the
UAW Big Three councils, urged union members to
continue work without a contract so as not to give
the companies reason for a lockout. The com­
panies, on the other hand, charged the union with
tactics calculated to delay the strike until model
changeover early next fall.
On May 28, the National Labor Relations Board
dismissed a craft-severance petition by four skilled
craftsmen’s associations, requesting single-plant
bargaining units for General Motors’ skilled
workers. Adhering to its long-established policy,
the Board held that, since the requests for craft
severance were not coextensive with the existing
companywide bargaining unit, the units sought
were “too narrow in scope and, therefore, inappro­
priate for purposes of collective bargaining.”
At a meeting of the United Steelworkers wagepolicy committee, delegates voted approval of a
collective bargaining program for upcoming con­
tract negotiations affecting about 200,000 workers
in steel fabricating plants. Its demands, according
to the union, would approximate 12 cents an hour
to match the gains going into effect this July for
workers in the basic steel industry under terms of
3-year contracts signed in 1956.
‘ Prepared in the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, on the basis of currently available published material.
1See M onthly Labor Review, June 1958, p. 649.

779

780
Threat of a major work stoppage in
the West Coast aircraft industry was averted in
May by settlements at a number of firms.2 The
first break in deadlocked negotiations occurred in
California, as the Lockheed Aircraft Corp. and the
International Association of Machinists reached
an agreement on May 7, covering about 16,000
workers in the company’s Burbank, Maywood,
and Palmdale plants. Under terms of the 2-year
contract, general wage-rate increases in the first
contract year ranged from 18 to 22 cents an hour
for plant workers and 18 to 27 cents for technical
and office employees. Of these advances, 16 cents
was retroactive to March 10, 1958, and reportedly
represented a cost-of-living “'catchup” to match
escalator increases over the preceding 2 years at
other aircraft companies. Additional wage in­
creases were also negotiated for certain skilled
occupations, and some job classifications were
upgraded. In addition, the contract included a
cost-of-living escalator clause providing automatic
adjustments at quarterly intervals, a 7th paid
holiday (Christmas Eve), and a further 3-percent
wage increase, with a minimum of 7 cents an hour
in 1959. A similar agreement was negotiated at
the firm’s Marietta, Ga., plant where a 10-day
work stoppage ended on May 17, when members
of the IAM ratified a contract offer. About 9,000
workers were affected.
Settlements soon followed at other aircraft pro­
ducers. In general, those companies that had
escalator provisions in previous agreements con­
tinued these clauses and incorporated current
allowances into the basic rate structures. Thus,
at North American Aviation, Inc., and at Douglas
Aircraft Co., Inc., agreements with the United
Automobile Workers provided general wage in­
creases ranging from 2 to 11 cents plus incorpora­
tion of 15- and 16-cent cost-of-living allowances,
respectively. Both settlements also included an
additional paid holiday and a 3-percent deferred
increase in 1959.
Agreements reached between the IAM and the
Convair Division of General Dynamics Corp. at
its locations in California, Texas, New Mexico, and
Florida provided an 8-percent increase with a
minimum of 17 cents an hour, including a cost-ofliving catchup. Other provisions included an
escalator clause, a 3-percent deferred increase, and
an improved holiday clause.

S ettlem en ts.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

On May 16, the Republic Aviation Corp.
announced weekly pay increases ranging from
$4.40 to $7.80 for its nonunion salaried employees,
covering about 2,200 clerical and secretarial
workers, shop clerks, and draftsmen. The com­
pany also announced it had introduced a quarterly
cost-of-living adjustment plan for these employees,
based upon changes in the BUS Consumer Price
Index, similar to that provided for production and
maintenance workers in a contract signed by the
company and the Machinists union in April-3
Wage increases affecting about 30,000 em­
ployees of the Radio Corporation of America in
California, Indiana, New Jersey, Ohio, and
Pennsylvania were agreed to in May between
the company and representatives of the Inter­
national Union of Electrical Workers and the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.
The IUE settlement—which was subject to local
union membership ratification at some locations—
provided a 7-cent raise for production workers,
an additional 2 to 8 cents for skilled employees,
a 15-cent raise for first-class maintenance employ­
ees, and increases of from 7 to 14 cents for salaried
employees. The agreement was negotiated under
a reopening clause of a contact expiring in 1959,
but the union agreed to extend the pact to 1960,
with a wage reopener next April. The IBEW
signed a 2-year contract calling for general wagerate increases of 7 or 8 cents, with the amount
depending on existing rates of pay and and plant
location. Inequity adjustments ranging from 2
to 8 cents were also put into effect, and a wage
reopening was provided for 1959.
In addition to wage increases, both settlements
also liberalized hospital, medical, and surgical
schedules and provided for improved pension
benefits. Under the latter provision, normal
retirement benefits were raised to provide em­
ployees having at least 22 years’ service with a
minimum of $2.25 a month for each year of serv­
ice exclusive of social security benefits. Pre­
viously, minimum benefits were $135 including
social security. In addition, employees retiring
at age 60 after 15 years’ service will receive 80
percent of their normal retirement benefits plus
an additional $50 a month until they are eligible
for social security benefits. They were eligible,
2See Monthly Labor Review, May 1958, p. 537.
3 See M onthly Labor Review, June 1958, p. 650.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

previously, for early retirement after 20 years
and received 67 percent of normal pension benefits.
A 1-year contract with the Philco Corp., the
ratified by members of the IUE, provided a 5-centan-hour wage increase effective May 1 and im­
provements in some fringe benefits for about
4.000 workers at the company’s two Philadelphiaarea plants. In contrast, the company announced
that, beginning May 12, it would put into effect
salary cuts for about 4,000 salaried employees
at all of its 10 plants—5 percent for those earning
from $5,000 to $10,000 a year and 10 percent
for those making more than $10,000.
Among this year’s first settlements in the farmequipment industry was the tentative agreement
between J. I. Case Co. and the United Auto
Workers on terms of 2-year contracts for about
6.000 workers at Rockford and Rock Island,
111., Racine, Wis., and Burlington and Betten­
dorf, Iowa. According to company officials, the
new agreements provided for wage increases
which would range from 10 to 15 cents at Rock­
ford, 12 to 20 cents at Racine, 7 to 10 cents at
Burlington, and 9 to 19 cents at Bettendorf and
Rock Island. The pacts included revisions in
vacation benefits and a wage reopening in 1959.
Unlike many contracts with other producers of
farm equipment, the new, as well as the previous
agreements with the company, did not include a
cost-of-living escalator clause.
Negotiations between the Pacific Coast Asso­
ciation of Pulp and Paper Manufacturers and
two unions—the Pulp and Sulphite Workers and
the United Papermakers and Paperworkers—
were temporarily deferred when the unions
agreed to waive their contract demands until
at least next fall. The decision to continue work
under the current 5-year agreement, expiring
May 31, 1960, was reached under a reopening
clause. About 20,000 workers in 44 West Coast
mills were affected.
The same unions, along with the International
Brotherhood of Firemen and Oilers, also came to
terms with the Northern Division of the Inter­
national Paper Co. Effective June 1, wage rates
of about 5,500 workers in Maine, New York,
and Pennsylvania were raised by 5 cents an hour.
The 1-year agreement reportedly brought average
hourly pay to $2.10 and also increased other
benefits.


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781

Weekly wage increases ranging from $1 to $3
(averaging 4 cents an hour) for about 56,000 em­
ployees of the Southern Bell Telephone Co. in 9
States were agreed upon on May 22 by the com­
pany and the Communications Workers of
America. The 1-year agreement was subject to
union membership ratification.
Tentative agreement, subject to ratification,
was reached on May 31 between representatives of
the Western Union Telegraph Co. and the Com­
mercial Telegraphers’ Union on terms of a new
2-year contract for about 30,000 workers through­
out the country (excluding the New York metro­
politan area). The settlement provided a 6-cent
increase effective June 1, 5 cents on September 1,
an inequity increase on January 1, and a revised
pension plan which would base retirement benefits
on the average basic pay rate for the 5 consecu­
tive years of work when earnings were highest.
Previously, retirement benefits were based on
average pay for the last 10 years preceding retire­
ment or, at the pension committee’s option, on
the 10 highest paid consecutive years.
On May 24, the Teamsters and the Retail
Clerks reached a tentative accord with Mont­
gomery Ward and Co. on terms of contracts for
almost 30,000 workers. According to a joint
union announcement of May 26, the 5-year agree­
ments included “an across-the-board wage in­
crease, a cost-of-living clause, and a modified
union-shop requirement.” No other details of the
settlement were revealed pending union ratifica­
tion. Members of the Retail Clerks had been on
strike at some company stores since January 6.
In late May, union members ratified a 3-year
contract between the Street, Electric Railway and
Motor Coach Employes union and the Cleveland
Transit System covering 3,000 operators. Effec­
tive July 1, 1958, employees were scheduled to
receive a 5-cent-an-hour wage increase, and rates
will go up by 6 cents more in July of both 1959
and 1960. In addition, the settlement also in­
corporated 9 cents of the existing cost-of-living
allowance into base rates and revised the escalator
formula for computing further adjustments. Other
contract changes included improved vacation and
revised welfare benefits.
About 30,000 workers represented by the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners in the
Chicago area were scheduled to receive a 20-cent-

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

782
an-hour wage increase, beginning June 1, under
the terms of a contract reached with the Builders
Association of Chicago. The 2-year agreement
called for an additional 10-cent pay increase on
May 31, 1959.
A 25-cent-an-hour raise and a reduction in the
employers’ contributions to a welfare fund from
5 to 3 percent of straight-time payrolls also went
into effect for about 8,000 electricans employed by
the Electrical Contractors Association in the
Chicago area. The agreement—negotiated by
the International Brotherhood of Electrical Work­
ers—became effective June 1. Contractors esti­
mated the net cost of the package to be about 18
cents an hour.
In co n tra st, a local of the Wood, Wire and
Metal Lathers Union signed a 2-year contract
with the Plasterers Association of Chicago that
provided for no change in wage rates for 1958,
although a reopening on wages was scheduled
for 1959. According to the local’s president,
union members felt that continuous employment
was their major concern; about 1,200 workers
were affected.
Agreement was reached on May 21 between
the Carpenters and the Master Builders Associa­
tion of Western Pennsylvania on terms of a
2-year contract for about 5,000 workers. Effective
June 1, 1958, rates of pay were to be increased by
15 cents an hour and by 10 cents more next June,
bringing the hourly scale to $3,775. In addition,
the employers agreed to increase their contribu­
tions to a welfare fund from 7% to 10 cents an
hour on June 1, and 5 cents more in December
1959. Provision for a 5-cent contribution to a
pension fund beginning December 1, 1958, was
also included.
G overnm ental P a y A c tio n s. On May 27, President
Eisenhower signed into law a bill providing the
530,000 postal workers with a pay raise approxi­
mating 10 percent. Retroactive to the first pay
period which began on or after January 1, 1958,
pay scales were to be increased by 7% percent.
Workers in the 6 lowest pay grades—more than 4
out of every 5 employees—were to receive an
additional 2^-percent “temporary” increase for
3 years to compensate for the increased cost of
living, and employees at the 7th level were in
line for a similar bonus amounting to l}{ percent.


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The President also signed, on May 20, a military
pay-raise bill providing members of the Armed
Forces having at least 2 years of service with an
estimated average 8-percent increase. Effective
June 1, 1958, increases in pay ranged from a
minimum of about 6 percent to a maximum of
about 47 percent, with the larger amounts going
to higher ranks, both officers and enlisted men,
and to those with special talents. Provision was
made for special “responsibility” and “profici­
ency” adjustments. About 2}i million military
personnel are affected—1.7 million on the active
rolls, 600,000 in the reserves and the National
Guard, and 200,000 retired personnel.
On May 19, the Pennsylvania State Secretary
of Labor and Industry issued an order that will
raise the minimum wage for women and minors
in retail trade to $1 an hour. The order was
scheduled to go into effect on July 1 in Phila­
delphia and Pittsburgh; for other areas, the in­
crease is spread over a period of time. Cities
with populations of 10,000 to 500,000 will go to
a minimum of 85 cents on July 1, 1958, to 90
cents on January 1, 1959, and to $1 on July 1,
1959. In other areas, the $1 minimum will not be
reached until January 1, 1960. Of the approxi­
mately 250,000 employees covered by the order,
it was estimated that about 95,000 were receiving
less than the new minimums.
Union Developments
a n d C onventions.
Union conventions
held during May included those of the Amalga­
mated Clothing Workers of America, the United
Furniture Workers, the Textile Workers Union of
America, the Laundry and Dry Cleaning Inter­
national Union, and the United Wall Paper Crafts­
men and Workers. At most of these conventions,
there was considerable discussion concerning reme­
dies for the business recession. Some of the pro­
posals adopted called for a reduction in the basic
workweek and in Federal income taxes, an increase
in the Federal minimum wage, and improved
unemployment compensation.
In addition to the above proposals, delegates
to the 21st biennial convention of the Amalga­
mated Clothing Workers endorsed a resolution
which, while it gave qualified praise for the work
the Senate Select Committee on Improper Activi-

M eetin g s

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

ties in the Labor or Management Field had done
in exposing corruption in the labor movement,
criticized the committee’s failure to proceed
“with as much zeal in rooting out corruption and
wrongdoing among employers . . . ” Speaking
before the convention, Secretary of Labor James P.
Mitchell said that after July 1, 1958, bidding on
Army, Navy, and Air Force uniform contracts
would be restricted to lists of “reputable manu­
facturers who pay decent wages.” In the past,
both the Amalgamated and the International
Ladies’ Garment Workers had protested that
military procurement policies enabled many shops
to establish a virtual monopoly in the uniform
field by “chiseling” on labor standards. The
convention nominated the present international
officers, including President Jacob S. Potofsky,
for reelection for another 2 years; a referendum
was scheduled to be held within 6 weeks.
The McClellan Committee was also criticized
by the Textile Workers Union convention, con­
vening in Miami Beach on May 12, which said it
should “pack up its prejudices and go home.”
Antirecession moves also occupied much of the
convention’s attention, as the union’s president,
William Pollack, criticized the administration for
failing “to prime the pump to restore prosperity.”
In addition to advocating a 35-hour week, the
delegates called upon Congress to consider possible
Government purchase of surplus textiles for
distribution to the needy.
The new Laundry and Dry Cleaning Inter­
national Union (AFL-CIO),4 formed to replace
the Laundry Workers union expelled from the
Federation last December,5 was formally estab­
lished in May. Delegates to the convention,
held in Washington, D. C., elected Winfield
Chasmar president, Samuel Begler secretarytreasurer, 9 vice presidents, and 3 trustees. In
order to insure democratic and ethical procedures
in the union, several anticorruption rules were
incorporated into the constitution, including the
AFL-CIO ethical practice codes and provisions
for election of officers by secret ballot, biennial
conventions, and a yearly audit of union books.
4 The nucleus of the union was set up in January by the AFL-CIO with
the establishment of the Laundry and Cleaning Trades International
Council. See M onthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 301.
s See Monthly Labor Review, February 1958, p. 190.
469631— 58------ 5


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783
The new union claims to represent almost 30,000
workers in 41 locals throughout the country.
In New York, delegates to a special convention
of the United Wall Paper Craftsmen and Workers
unanimously voted to affiliate their 2,200-member
union with the 165,000-member Pulp, Sulphite and
Paper Mill Workers Union. Founded in 1883,
the UWCPW has its membership primarily in
the northeastern section of the country.
Other U n io n A ffa ir s . During May, the 37th and
38th mergers of State labor organizations took
place. Delegates representing about a million
members of the Ohio State Federation of Labor
and the Ohio State Industrial Council met on
May 7 in Cleveland to form the Ohio AFL-CIO.
Elected to the top posts were former State AFL
President Michael Lyden, as president; Phillip
Hannah, secretary-treasurer of the Ohio AFL, as
executive vice president; and Elmer Cope of the
Steelworkers (formerly CIO) as secretary-treas­
urer. In Indiana, delegates from the State AFL
and CIO bodies convened on May 24 to inaugurate
the Indiana State AFL-CIO. Ex-president of
the CIO group, Dallas Sells, was elected to head
the new organization, Grover Osborn of the
Plumbers (AFL) was designated as secretarytreasurer, and 2 vice presidents (one each from
the AFL and CIO) were also chosen. About
315,000 workers are represented by the new
organization.
In New York, the merger of the State AFL and
CIO labor organizations was again postponed,
because of the death of the AFL organization’s
president, Thomas A. Murray, whose vacancy
was filled by Harold C. Hanover.
In New York City, merger talks promising an
end to several years of bitter conflict occurred
during late May between the Transport Workers
Union and the Motormen’s Benevolent Asso­
ciation. The peace formula—set up by counsels
representing the AFL-CIO, the TWU, and the
MBA—was proposed to a special “harmony”
committee appointed by Mayor Robert Wagner
last winter. This body in turn recommended
the formula to the 2 unions. Under the tentative
agreement, the motormen would form a separate
department within Local 100 of the TWU, but
would elect their own representatives to the local’s
executive board in proportion to their member-

784

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

ship. The motormen would also have propor­
tional representation on future bargaining com­
mittees and would have full rights to represent
the craft position.
On May 14, the National Labor Relations Board,
ruling that organizers of the AFL-CIO were not
managerial employees since they did not deter­
mine organizational policy, ordered a representa­
tion election to be held within 30 days.6 On May
27, the AFL-CIO Executive Committee an­
nounced that it had authorized recognition of
the union and the election order was withdrawn.
During May, the United Textile Workers ac­
cepted an AFL-CIO directive to remove its vice
president, Burton Hyman of New York, as a con­
dition of continued affiliation with the Federation.
George Baldanzi, president of the union, said he
would investigate charges that Mr. Hyman used
union funds for personal gain. The union is to
remain on probation pending the August meeting
of the AFL-CIO Executive Council.
One of the Nation’s largest labor unions—the
International Association of Machinists, with a
membership of almost 1 million workers—cele­
brated its 70th birthday during May. Represent­
ing large segments of workers in the aircraft,
automotive repair, machine tool, and railroad
industries, the union holds contracts with more
then 15,000 firms.

and the employees and to enable the employer,
in effect, to deal directly with the employees, thus
weakening the union.7
Major implications for labor-management rela­
tions were involved in two rulings handed down
by the United States Supreme Court on May 26,
when the power of State courts to award actual
and punitive damages in suits filed by workers
deprived of work by trade union actions was up­
held. One of the cases involved a nonunion elec­
trician who was prevented from crossing a picket
line to work; the other concerned a marine ma­
chinist who was prevented from obtaining work
through a union hiring hall after being expelled
from the union. In both cases, the workers had
been awarded back pay and damages by State
courts. The issue was whether the Taft-Hartley
Act, by authorizing the NLRB to make back pay
awards against unions in such situations, had pre­
empted recourse to State courts.8
In a ruling related to last December’s action on
“hot-cargo” clauses,9 the Interstate Commerce
Commission held, on May 1, that railroads and
trucking firms could not refuse to handle pickup
and delivery orders even when customers’ plants
were hit by “riots, strikes, picketing, or other labor
disturbances.”

Rulings and Decisions

H ea rin g s a n d In vestig a tio n s. The U. S. Senate Se­
lect Committee on Improper Activities in the
Labor or Management Field investigated two
areas of questionable practices during May. In
the earlier part of the month, the committee
probed an alleged swindle involving advertise­
ments in “souvenir” publications sponsored by
the New York and Pennsylvania State federations
of labor. The transactions had been handled re­
portedly through an advertising agent, Benjamin
Lapensohn, who was charged with misappropriat­
ing fees that should have been turned over to the
federations. Several witnesses said they had been

In a 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled,
on May 5, that a company could not insist on a
collective bargaining contract provision requiring
both union and nonunion employees to participate
in a union strike vote. The issue arose from a con­
tract incorporating such a provision, which had
been signed, after a strike in 1953, by a local of
the UAW and the Wooster Division of the BorgWarner Corp. The union’s subsequent charges of
unfair labor practices were affirmed by the NLRB
but set aside by a Federal court of appeals. In
writing the High Court’s majority opinion, Justice
Harold H. Burton held that the contract clause in
question was not a legal no-strike provision
intended to govern relations between the employer
and the employees. Instead, he held, it was
intended to control relations between the union


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Other Developments

«In January, the A FL-CIO abolished the jobs of about 125 field and head­
quarters employees, attributing the reduction in force to lack of success in
organizing campaigns, a reduction in income, and a shift in emphasis to pub­
lic relations. See Monthly Labor Review, March 1958, pp. 302-303.
7See also p. 771 of this issue.
8See also pp. 772-773 of this issue.
9See M onthly Labor Review, February 1958, p. 192.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

“shaken down” by salesmen and had acquiesced
in order to buy “labor peace.” Mr. Lapensobn
was out of the country and not available for
questioning.
At midmonth, the committee turned its atten­
tion to allegations that the Great Atlantic and
Pacific Tea Co. in the New York metropolitan
area bad made a collusive 5-year agreement in
1952 with local representatives of the Meat Cutters
union. Issues centered on whether the company
bad let the local union “in the back door” after
resisting other union attempts to organize its
workers; and whether there was a secret agreement
between the parties to retain a 45-hour workweek
during the life of the contract,10 when at least one
toher retail food chain in the area was on a 40hour week. The company denied any collusion
and stated that it had been “forced by the threat
of a costly strike to submit to card counts to re­
solve the question of union representation . . . ”
Charges were also made that officers of the local
had forged several hundred signatures on these
cards to show that a majority of the workers de­
sired the union as their bargaining agent.
Elsewhere on Capitol Hill, hearings continued
on proposed labor legislation. Boyd Leedom,
NLRB chairman, testifying before a Senate Labor
subcommittee, suggested legislation that would
speed up the Board’s handling of cases by permit­
ting it to bring contempt proceedings against
parties who disobeyed its orders, without waiting,
as now, for a Federal court ruling that the order
be enforced. He recommended, however, that
parties be allowed to appeal the order prior to con­


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

785

tempt action. Mr. Leedom also called for Con­
gress to eliminate the “no man’s land” in labor
relations.11
In the latter part of May, Secretary of Labor
James P. Mitchell, appearing before the labor
committees of both houses in support of the
administration’s labor legislation program, asked
for laws which would, among other objectives,
assure adequate accounting of union health, wel­
fare, and pension funds and their use solely for the
advancement of workers’ welfare, as well as fully
democratic conduct of union affairs.
Other A c tio n s. On June 4, President Eisenhower
signed a bill making possible extended unemploy­
ment compensation for workers exhausting their
benefits under existing State systems. The law
provides Federal loans to States which specifically
seek Federal aid for additional unemployment
benefits, and covers workers who exhaust their
benefits any time between July 1957 and April 1,
1959. The funds so obtained by the States can be
used to pay such workers regular benefits for up to
50 percent of the number of weeks for which they
are now eligible.
An ethics guide book outlining moral and ethical
standards for business was issued on May 18 by
the National Association of Manufacturers. The
code calls for fairness by employers in all their
dealings and declared the “monopoly of capital,
of labor, or of government [to be] detrimental to
the public interest.”
A 40-hour week was established by the 1957 agreement.

11See The Gap Between State and Federal Jurisdiction in Labor Relations
(in Monthly Labor Review, July 1957, pp. 829-832).

Book Reviews
and Notes

E ditor ’s N ote.— L is tin g o f a 'publication in th is

reader outside of academic circles who is some­
times visited by what Lloyd Reynolds has called
“uneasy midnight doubts about the value of
research and about its relation to practical
affairs” will find much in this book (Tilove’s
contribution excepted) to reinforce his uneasiness.
This question may be another subject entirely, or
from the point of view of educational needs,
irrelevant, but someone willing to pursue this
matter will find this book as good a starting point
as any.
— J oseph W. B loch

section is f o r record a n d reference on ly a n d does
not con stitu te an endorsem ent o f p o in t o f view
or advocacy o f use.

Bureau of Labor Statistics
a n d M a n a g em en t. By James R.
Bright. Boston, Harvard University, Gradu­
ate School of Business Administration, Divi­
sion of Research, 1958. xv, 270 pp. $10.
This is an outstanding work in the current spate
of books about automation and its implications.
Unlike many other writers on the subject, Pro­
fessor Bright draws his provocative conclusions
from his firsthand case studies of the experiences
of automated plants. These studies, made over
a 3-year period, were part of the research program
of the Harvard Graduate School of Business
Administration.
One valuable contribution of Professor Bright’s
work is a better understanding of the nature of
mechanization, which he discusses in Part I.
Rather than an absolute quality, the term “mech­
anized” is analyzed in terms of 17 levels or degrees
of automaticity. An interesting application of
this concept is the Mechanization Profile showing
the different levels of automaticity in the sequence
of operations of a plant. Such charts of so-called
automated plants reveal only a few operations at
the highest levels of automaticity. This approach
should lead to greater clarity and precision in
discussing the meaning of automation.
Part II of the book describes the objectives and
main features of 13 plants with a significant degree
of mechanization, including 6 in the automobile
industry. The experiences of these highly auto­
mated installations are compared with respect to
their conception, design, and operating character­
istics such as productivity, leadtime, production
flexibility, and safety. Both the advantages and
disadvantages of automation are weighed.
The last third of this study considers some
critical areas; namely, maintenance, management
A u to m a tio n

Special Reviews
A D ecade o f In d u s tr ia l R ela tio n s R esearch, 194-6-56.

Edited by Neil W. Chamberlain, Frank C.
Pierson, Theresa Wolfson. New York, Harper
& Brothers, 1958. 205 pp. (Industrial
Relations Research Association, Publication
No. 19.) $3.50.
Subtitled An Appraisal of the Literature in the
Field, this is the first of two volumes planned by
the Industrial Relations Research Association.
The appraisers are Joel Seidman and Daisy L.
Tagliacozzo on union government and union
leadership; Joseph Shister on collective bargain­
ing; Melvin Reder on wage determination in
theory and practice; George H. Hildebrand on
the economic effects of unionism; Robert
Tilove on employee benefit plans; and Adolf
Sturmthal on the labor movement abroad. All of
the contributors are academicians, except Mr.
Tilove, who is senior vice president of a large con­
sulting firm in the health, welfare, and pension
plan field, and, if the word is appropriate here,
a “practitioner.” The difference in outlook is
quite evident.
These eminent authorities explore the output
of a prolific decade—cataloging, sorting, and
reviewing as they go; surely a prodigious labor,
worthy of the gratitude of all researchers and
students. In addition, they offer many sugges­
tions for future studies, enough perhaps to keep
another decade of researchers fully (if not always
gainfully) occupied.
This is a useful book and a worthy addition to
the fine series issued during the past 10 years
under the auspices of the IRRA. However, the
786


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BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

787

of downtime, the impact on sales, and the implica­
tions of automation for the work force. A key
conclusion is that management will need to give
greater attention to advance planning in all
aspects of business operations in order to achieve
the full benefits of automation. The author
advances the tentative and admittedly qualified
suggestion that more automation may reduce the
degree of skill needed by the work force.
The book contains stimulating opinions about
many aspects of this important subject. While
some of Professor Bright’s opinions are debatable,
all of them provide working hypotheses for further
research.
—E dgar W einberg
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Concepts o f A c tu a r ia l S ou n dn ess in P e n sio n P la n s.

By Dorrance C. Bronson. Philadelphia,
University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School
of Finance and Commerce, Pension Research
Council, 1957. xix, 183 pp. $5, Richard D.
Irwin, Inc., Homewood, 111.
Of special significance in the pension field is the
problem of whether the rate and conditions under
which funds are accumulated will provide the
promised benefits to participants in a pension
plan. It is this concept of pension funding that
Mr. Bronson explores.
On the whole, the author provides a readable,
nontechnical interpretation of the various prob­
lems and concepts involved in that elusive term
“actuarial soundness.” However, through neces­
sity, he occasionally reverts to a technical approach
in order to explain some of the more important
aspects of actuarial soundness. The analysis of
differences in the various approaches found in the
pension field should be a particularly valuable aid
to understanding the needs and uses of actuarial
techniques in pension planning and administration.
The author does not provide a final and con­
clusive definition of the term “actuarial sound­
ness,” as indeed he cannot do, but does offer
guideposts for the reader to formulate a general
definition for himself. The term has been mis­
used and mishandled in the past, and will con­
tinue to be so in the future; but after reading this
book, the layman will be less easily led astray and
less apt to apply the term loosely.


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— W alter W. K olodrubetz
Bureau of Labor Statistics

U n ited S ta tes. By
Conrad Taeuber and Irene B. Taeuber.
New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1958.
357 pp. (Census Monograph Series.) $7.75.
Since the first national census was taken in
1790, demands have continually risen for new and
more detailed information on a myriad of subjects.
The Bureau of the Census has taken many of the
demands in stride, and by 1950, a great mass of
statistics had been gathered. In order to take
full advantage of the materials, monographs have
been prepared which provide analyses of many
aspects of Census data. This volume offers an
analysis for the materials on the population.
The book presents a broad historical summary
of many population characteristics such as age,
sex, immigration, marital status, education, eco­
nomic activity, income, and the components of
natural increase—mortality and fertility. It also
contains a brief section describing some of the
prospects for population growth and changing
characteristics.
Probably the main contribution of the book is
in the careful selection and lucid description of the
materials included and in the collation of valuable
historical data. In reviewing the development of
each characteristic, the historic development of
concepts is discussed and current usages are de­
fined. The large number of well-selected tables
and charts depict clearly many of the more mean­
ingful changes in the characteristics of our popu­
lation. In addition, copious footnote references
and an extensive bibliography give this volume
great value as a reference source.
Important aspects of the book include: (1) A
discussion of population growth including ma­
terial on regional growth, which is often over­
looked; (2) an analysis of changes in composition
and geographic concentration of the nonwhite
population and of the foreign-born white popula­
tion; (3) historical material on the characteristics
of married persons and a unique treatment of
marriage patterns for different birth cohorts; and
(4) an indication of ways in which data can be
used to depict changes in fertility patterns. One
such approach shows the proportion of women
with children under 5 in each age from 15 to 50
for the years 1910, 1940, and 1950. Other fer­
tility measures, going back to 1835, show the num­
ber of children ever born per woman, and the
distribution of women by numbers of children
C hanging P o p u la tio n in the

788

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

born, for those women who have reached the end
of their childbearing years.
A discussion of the interrelationships in popu­
lation development makes the interesting point
that the natural increase in our population has,
during all decades since 1810, been much more
important as a source of population growth than
has immigration.
Taken as a whole, the book contains a wealth
of well organized and concise material brought
together from many sources. It should make a
valuable contribution to any library. In such a
book, sacrifices in thoroughness had to be made
in the interest of comprehensiveness, and this is
the principal limitation of the volume.
— S tuart G arfíñele
Bureau of Labor Statistics
C lassroom s in the F actories: A n A cco u n t o f E d u c a ­
tio n a l A c tiv itie s C onducted by A m e ric a n I n ­
d u stry . By Harold F. Clark and Harold S.

Sloan. New York, New York University
Press, 1958. xiii, 139 pp., bibliography.
$3.75.
To meet the challenge of new technology, many
companies have established education and training
programs to develop the skills and general knowl­
edge of their employees. This volume provides a
comprehensive analysis of the educational activ­
ities of 296 of the Nation’s large industrial corpo­
rations. The study covers classroom-type pro­
grams characterized by “periodic group meetings,
required assignments and examinations, or some
comparable means of judging achievement.”
Programs included orientation courses in 93 per­
cent of the firms, supervisory courses in 91 percent,
and human relations courses in 85 percent. Tech­
nical and professional courses were conducted by
approximately two-thirds of the companies spon­
soring educational programs. General education
courses, many of which do not have a direct rela­
tionship to work assignments, were reported by 16
percent of the corporations. One corporation
offers hundreds of separate courses with an enroll­
ment of 32,000 and an annual educational budget
of approximately $40 million. College level pro­
grams leading to baccalaureate and higher degrees
were reported by a few companies.
Training directors, personnel managers, and
others concerned with training will be especially

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interested in the description and analysis of several
of the programs, including a course for supervisors
at Johnson and Johnson, a technical orientation
program at the Tidewater Oil Co., an understudy
program for supervisory personnel at the Glenn L.
Martin Co., a company correspondence course at
the General Shoe Corp., and a course in human
relations for supervisors conducted by the Amer­
ican Telephone and Telegraph Co.
The authors are generally enthusiastic about
educational programs in industry: “This is vital
education indeed, a blending of learning, applying,
reporting, and relearning that plumbs the very
depths of reality. . . . No artificial motivation
is necessary; the daily work life supplies it. And
no distant use of knowledge gained need be en­
visaged; it will probably be needed that very
afternoon.” They believe that education in in­
dustry is a revolutionary development, comparable
in importance to the development of free public
schools. Such education supplements that pro­
vided by the regular school system. Kapidly
changing technology, as well as increasing special­
ization, have made it difficult for the schools to fill
all of the needs of industry. Workers must “be
continuously informed and instructed and remain
flexible, ever receptive to change. . . . the pace
is so rapid that educational institutions removed
even one step from the reality of production are
frequently lacking in both equipment and ex­
perience.
Although Professors Clark and Sloan are hopeful
that medium- and small-size concerns will be able
to develop similar programs, they do not discuss
the many difficult problems involved in this effort.
Small companies are usually unable to conduct skill
development activities without outside encourage­
ment and assistance, such as that provided by
apprenticeship agencies, vocational schools, and
university extension divisions. These agencies
assist individual firms in developing their own
training programs and also promote group pro­
grams through which several employers, frequently
in cooperation with labor unions, are able to ac­
complish together what would have been impos­
sible individually.
This work represents a major contribution to
our knowledge of the growing importance of the
educational activities of large corporations. Out­
side the scope of the study, however, are several
program areas in which industrial enterprises alio-

789

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

cate a sizable proportion of their education and
training budgets. Among these areas are appren­
ticeship and other training on the job for bluecollar workers. To provide a complete picture of
the contribution of large corporations to the de­
velopment of the Nation’s human resources,
additional studies are needed.
The authors’ analysis of classroom-type edu­
cational programs established by large corpora­
tions provides valuable information to leaders in
industry, education, and government concerned
with meeting the increasing demands of our econ­
omy for highly trained workers.
—J ohn S. M cC auley
Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training

Automation
Economic and Social Implications of Automation: A Bibli­
ographic Review. By Gloria Cheek. East Lansing,
Michigan State University, Labor and Industrial
Relations Center, [1958?]. 125 pp. $1.25.
Some Preliminary Thoughts on the Human Demands of
Automation. By A. T. Welford. (In British Journal
of Industrial Medicine, London, April 1958, pp.
99-104. 17s. 6d.)

Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining and Management Functions— An Em­
pirical Study. By Milton Derber, W. Ellison Chal­
mers, Ross Stagner. (In Journal of Business, Uni­
versity of Chicago, School of Business, Chicago,
April 1958, pp. 107-120. $2.25.)
Documentation in Collective Bargaining. By E. F. Scoutten.
(In Western Business Review, University of Denver,
College of Business Administration, Denver, Colo.,
May 1958, pp. 96-100. $1.)
Union Agreements— Coverage and Characteristics, New York
State 1956. New York, State Department of Labor,
Division of Research and Statistics, 1958. 33 pp.
(Publication B-100.)
Wage Settlements, 1957; California Union Agreements. San
Francisco, State Department of Industrial Relations,
Division of Labor Statistics and Research, [1958].
27 pp.

(In English, French, Spanish.) 11th ed. $2. Distrib­
uted in United States by Washington Branch of
ILO.
Cooperatives and Land Use. By Margaret Digby. Rome,
United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization,
1957. 115 pp., bibliography. (FAO Agricultural
Development Paper 61.) $1, Columbia University
Press, International Documents Service, New York.
The Cooperative Movement in the British Caribbean. By
Philip M. Sherlock. (In International Labor Review,
Geneva, April 1958, pp. 325-341. 60 cents. Dis­
tributed in United States by Washington Branch of
ILO.)

Economic Development
The Challenge to America: Its Economic and Social Aspects.
(Report of Panel IV of the Special Studies Project,
Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc.) Garden City, N. Y.,
Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1958. viii, 78 pp. 75 cents.
The Role of Small-Scale Manufacturing in Economic Devel­
opment: The Experience of Industrially Advanced Na­
tions as a Guide for Newly Developing Areas. Menlo
Park, Calif., Stanford Research Institute (for Inter­
national Cooperation Administration), 1957. 167 pp.
African Economic Development. By William A. Hance.
New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1958. 307
pp., bibliography. $4.95, Harper & Brothers, New
York.
Economic Development in India: The First and Second Five
Year Plans. By N. A. Sarma. (In International
Monetary Fund Staff Papers, Washington, April 1958,
pp. 180-238. $1.50.)
The Economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in
1957, and the State Plan for 1958. (In Industry and
Labor, Geneva, March 15, 1958, pp. 207-212. 25
cents. Distributed in United States by Washington
Branch of ILO.)

Employment and Unemployment
U. S. Census of Governments, 1957: Summary of Public Em­
ployment. Washington, U. S. Department of Com­
merce, Bureau of the Census, 1958. 128 pp. (Vol. II,
No. 1.) 75 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.

Cooperative Movement

Women Employees in Manufacturing. By Herman Travis.
(In Employment and Earnings, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, April
1958, pp. iii-vi. 40 cents, Superintendent of Docu­
ments, Washington.)

International Directory of Cooperative Organizations.
Geneva, International Labor Office, 1958. xv, 213 pp.

Effects of the European Common Market on Employment
and Social Conditions in Agriculture. By Heinrich

Wage Structure During a Recession. By Murray M.
Rohman. (In Labor Law Journal, Chicago, May
1958, pp. 343-350. $1.)


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790

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958
Niehaus. {In International Labor Review, Geneva,
April 1958, pp. 289-312. 60 cents. Distributed in
United States by Washington Branch of ILO.)

Primary Effects on Employment of Shifts in Demand From
Domestic to Foreign Products. By Walter S. Salant.
{In Review of Economics and Statistics, Cambridge,
England, Supplement to February 1958 issue, pp.
91-110. $1.50, National Bureau of Economic Re­
search, New York.)
Le Chômage Technologique en Belgique. Brussels, Office
Belge pour l’Accroissement de la Productivité,
[1957?]. 67 pp.

Housing
American Housing and Its Use: The Demand for Shelter
Space. By Louis Winnick. New York, Social Science
Research Council (in cooperation with U. S. Depart­
ment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census), 1957.
143 pp. $5.50, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
75 Housing Areas: A Housing Market Analysis, Annual
Summary, 1957. New York, Housing Securities,
Inc., Division of Housing Market Research, 1958.
35 pp. $9.

Income and Expenditures
An Approach to the Theory of Income Distribution. By
Sidney Weintraub. Philadelphia, Chilton Co., 1958.
214 pp. $6.50.
Size Distribution of Personal Income. By Selma F. Gold­
smith. {In Survey of Current Business, U. S. Depart­
ment of Commerce, Office of Business Economics,
Washington, April 1958, pp. 10-19. 30 cents, Super­
intendent of Documents, Washington.)
Income and Expenditures of Wage Earners’ Families in
Puerto Rico in 1952. By Alicia C. De Irizarry. San
Juan, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, [1958]. 165 pp.
Farmers’ Expenditures in 1955, by Regions, for Production
and Farm Living . . . IFith Tables on Off-Farm Income.
Washington, U. S. Department of Agriculture and
U. S. Department of Commerce, 1958. 134 pp.
(U. S. D. A. Statistical Bull. 224.) $1, Superintendent
of Documents, Washington.

Labor Movement
The American Labor Movement. Edited by Walter M.
Daniels. New York, H. W. Wilson Co., 1958.
223 pp., bibliography. (Reference Shelf, Vol. 30,
No. 3.) $2.
The Labor Movement in the United States. By Jack Barbash. New York, Public Affairs Committee, Inc.,
1958. 28 pp. (Public Affairs Pamphlet 262.) 25 cents.


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Labor Organizations
Proceedings of the Second Constitutional Convention of the
AFL-CIO , Atlantic City, N. J ., December 5-12, 1957:
Vol. I, Daily Proceedings; Vol. II, Report and Sup­
plemental Reports of the Executive Council. Washing­
ton, American Federation of Labor and Congress of
Industrial Organizations, [1958]. 619 and 601 pp.,
respectively.
Trade Unions— Romance and Reality. By Benjamin M.
Selekman. {In Harvard Business Review, Boston,
May-June 1958, pp. 76-90. $2.)
Union Fees and Dues. By Walter L. Daykin. {In Labor
Law Journal, Chicago, April 1958, pp. 289-297. $1.)

Manpower
America’s Labor Force: Prospects for the Future. By
James P. Mitchell. {In Personnel and Guidance
Journal, Washington, May 1958, pp. 603-609.
80 cents.)
The Hired Farm Working Force of 1956. By Sheridan T.
Maitland. Washington, U. S. Department of Agri­
culture, Agricultural Marketing Service, 1958. 50
pp. (Agriculture Information Bull. 187.) 30 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Women in the Labor Force. {In International Labor
Review, Geneva, March 1958, pp. 254-272. 60
cents. Distributed in United States by Washington
Branch of ILO.)
Blast Furnaces, Steel Works, and Rolling Mills. By
Norman Medvin. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, Office of
Program Review and Analysis, 1958. 9 pp. (In­
dustry Manpower Surveys, 86.) Free.
The Beginning Teacher: A Survey of New Teachers in the
Public Schools, 1956—57—Preliminary Report. By
Ward S. Mason. Washington, U. S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,
1958. 56 pp. (Circular 510.) 40 cents, Superintendent
of Documents, Washington.
Technological Changes and Skilled Manpower: Summary
Report on the Electrical and Electronics Industry and
the Heavy Machinery Industry. Ottawa, Canadian
Department of Labor, Economics and Research
Branch, 1957. 23 pp. (Research Program on the
Training of Skilled Manpower, II.)
The Canadian Labor Force, 1957. {In Labor Gazette,
Canadian Department of Labor, Ottawa, April 1958,
pp. 354-359. 50 cents; 25 cents in Canada.)

Older Workers and the Aged
Occupational Differences in Attitudes Toward Aging and
Retirement. By Ernest W. Burgess and others. {In

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Journal of Gerontology, St. Louis, Mo., April 1958,
pp. 203-206. $2.50.)
State Action in the Field of Aging, 1956-57: A Progress
Report. Chicago, Council of State Governments,
1958. 82 pp. $2.

Personnel Management and Practices
Assessing Managerial Potential: Report of a Seminar
Conducted by the Foundation for Research on Human
Behavior, February 28-March 1, 1957, Ann Arbor,
Mich., and March 13-14, Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Ann Arbor, Foundation for Research on Human
Behavior, 1958. 83 pp. $3.
Management Implications of Recent Social Science Re­
search—A Symposium. By Rensis Likert and others.
{In Personnel Administration, Washington, M ayJune 1958, pp. 5-14. $1.)
Personnel Surveys Help Line Management. By I. R.
Lascola and R. P. Everett. {In Public Personnel
Review, Chicago, April 1958, pp. 104-108. $2.)
Freedom, Authority, and Decentralization. By Bennett
E. Kline and Norman H. Martin. {In Harvard
Business Review, Boston, May-June 1958, pp.
69-75. $2.)
Measuring and Improving Personnel Programs. By Guy B.
Arthur, Jr. Berkeley, California Personnel Manage­
ment Association, [1958]. 10 pp. (Management
Report 260.) $1.
Strengthening Position Classification in the Federal
Government. By Harold Suskin. {In Public Per­
sonnel Review, Chicago, April 1958, pp. 124-129.
$ 2 .)

Matching Job Requirements and Worker Qualifications. By
Sidney A. Fine. {In Personnel, American Manage­
ment Association, New York, May-June 1958,
pp. 52-58. $1.75; $1.25 to AMA members.)
Supervising Older Clerical Workers. By Waino W. Suojanen. {In Personnel, American Management Asso­
ciation, New York, May-June 1958, pp. 16-21.
$1.75; $1.25 to AMA members.)

Social Security
International
Myers.
Security
1958, pp.

Trends in Social Security. By Robert J.
{In Bulletin of the International Social
Association, Geneva, January-February
41-51.)

Social Insurance in Israel. By I. Kanev. {In Bulletin of
the International Social Security Association, Geneva,
March 1958, pp. 93-97.)
469631— 58-

6


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791
A New Agricultural Social Insurance Scheme in Algeria.
{In Industry and Labor, Geneva, April 1, 1958,
pp. 276-282. 25 cents. Distributed in United States
by Washington Branch of ILO.)

Vocational Guidance
How to Get That Part Time Job: A Handbook of Job
Opportunities Available Noiv. By S. Norman Feingold
and Harold List. New York, Arco Publishing Co.,
Inc., 1958. 92 pp. $1.50, paper; $2.50, cloth.
Nurses and Other Hospital Personnel— Their Earnings and
Employment Conditions. By Jean A. Wells. Washing­
ton, U. S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau,
1958. 27 pp. (Pamphlet 6.) 15 cents, Superintend­
ent of Documents, Washington.
Occupational Abstracts’, Physicist; Actuary,
nologist: Reading Specialist. Peapack,
nel Services, Inc., 1958. 6 pp. each,
(Nos. 209, 210, 211, 212, respectively.)

Medical Tech­
N. J., Person­
bibliographies.
50 cents each.

Careers in Rehabilitation. By Miriam Keeler. {In Occu­
pational Outlook, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau
of Labor Statistics, Washington, May 1958, pp. 13-18.
30 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
Careers in Industrial Relations.
By Robert Shosteck.
Washington, B ’nai B’rith Vocational Service, 1958.
11 pp., bibliography. Rev. 25 cents.

Wages and Hours
Wage Structure— Wool Textiles: Part I, Yarn and Broadwoven Fabric M ills’, Part II, Scouring and Combing
Plants, September 1957. Washington, U. S. Depart­
ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1958.
67 pp. (BLS Report 134.) Free.
Studies of the Effects of the $1 Minimum Wage, February
and April 1956 and April 1957: Sunbury-ShamokinMt. Carmel, Pa.-, Athens, Ga.; Hickory, N. C. Wash­
ington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1958. 22 pp. each.
(Reports 127-1,
127-2, 127-3.) Free.
Provincial Minimum Wage Orders: A Survey of Rates and
Related Provisions. {In Labor Gazette, Canadian
Department of Labor, Ottawa, April 1958, pp. 360372, 414-421. 50 cents; 25 cents in Canada.)
Lawyers in the United States— Distribution and Income:
Part II, Income. Chicago, American Bar Foundation,
1958. 38 pp., bibliography.
Overtime Hours and Economic Trends. By Rudolph C.
Mendelssohn. {In Employment and Earnings, U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, May 1958, pp. iii-ix. 40 cents, Super­
intendent of Documents, Washington.)

792
Miscellaneous
Proceedings of 10th Annual Meeting of Industrial Relations
Research Association, New York City, September 5-7,
1957. Edited by Edwin Young. [Madison, Wis.,
Secretary-Treasurer of Association, Sterling Hall,
University of Wisconsin], 1958. 341 pp. (Publication
20.) $3.50.
Papers and Proceedings of the 70th Annual Meeting of the
American Economic Association, Philadelphia, Pa.,
December 28-30, 1957. Edited by James Washington
Bell and Gertrude Tait. (In American Economic
Review, Menasha, Wis., May 1958, pp. xi, 1-677.
$3.)
International Labor Conference, 40 th Session, Geneva, 1957—
Record of Proceedings. Geneva, International Labor
Office, 1958. liv, 859 pp. $8.50. Distributed in
United States by Washington Branch of ILO.
The ILO in a Changing World: Report of Director-General
to 43d Session of International Labor Conference, 1958;
Twelfth Report of the International Labor Organization
to the United Nations. Geneva, International Labor
Office, 1958. 127 pp. (Report I.) $1. Distributed
in United States by Washington Branch of ILO.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958
Economics of Labor Relations. By Gordon F. Bloom and
Herbert R. Northrup. Homewood, 111., Richard D.
Irwin, Inc., 1958. 806 pp., bibliographies. 3d ed.
The Woman Executive. By Margaret Cussler. New York,
Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1958. 165 pp., bibliography.
$3.95.
The Chronically III. By Joseph Fox. New York, Philo­
sophical Library, Inc., 1957. 229 pp., bibliography.
$3.95.
The Challenge of Soviet Industry to American Industry —
[A Symposium]. Philadelphia, Chilton Co., 1958.
62 pp., bibliography. (Reprinted from Automotive
Industries, January 1, 1958.)
The Population of Manchuria [and Related Topics]. By
Waller Wynne, Jr. Washington, U. S. Department
of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1958. 93 pp.
(International Population Statistics Reports, Series
P-90, No. 7.) 55 cents, Superintendent of Docu­
ments, Washington.
Cambodia— Its People, Its Society, Its Culture. By David
J. Steinberg. New Haven, Human Relations Area
Files, Inc., 1957. 345 pp., bibliography. (Country
Survey Series.) $7.75, HRAF Press, New Haven.

Current Labor Statistics
CONTENTS
A.—Employment and Payrolls
795 Table A -l.
706 Table A-2.
800 Table A-3.
803 Table A-4.
803 Table
Table
Table
804 Table

A-5.
A-6.
A-7.
A-8.

805 Table A-9.

Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries
Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in
manufacturing
Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State 1
Employees in manufacturing, by State 1
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of
unemployment compensation for Federal employees, by geographic
division and State
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, se­
lected operations

B.—Labor Turnover
806 Table B -l.
807 Table B-2.

Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
Labor turnover rates in selected industries

C.—Earnings and Hours
809 Table 0-1.
825 Table
825 Table
826 Table
827 Table
Table

Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory
employees
C—2. Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49
dollars
C-3. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc­
tion activity
C-4. Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
C-5. Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of produc­
tion workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
C-6. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing,
by State and selected areas 1

1This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

793

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

794

CONTENTS—Continued
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
828 Table D - l. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: All items and
major groups of items
829 Table D-2. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Food, housing,
apparel, transportation, and their subgroups
829 Table D-3. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Special groups of
items
830 Table D-4, Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Retail prices
and indexes of selected foods
831 Table D-5. Consumer Price Index—All items indexes for selected dates, by city
832 Table D-6. Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
833 Table D-7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
834 Table D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
836 Table D-9. Indexes of wholesale prices, by economic sectors
836 Table D-10. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings

E.—Work Stoppages
837 Table E -l.

Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes

F.—Building and Construction
838 Table F -l.
839 Table F-2.
840 Table F-3.
840 Table F-4.
841 Table F-5.
842 Table F-6.

Expenditures for new construction
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of
construction
Building permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership,
class of construction, and type of building
Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Building permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetro­
politan location and State
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by owner­
ship and location, and construction cost

G.—Work injuries
843 Table G -l.

Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries *

* This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the Review.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

795

A.—Employment and Payrolls
T able A -l. Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and o ver1
1958

Employment status
May

Apr.

Mar.

1957»
Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.*

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

Annual average
July

June

May

1957

1956

Total, both sexes
Total labor force________ ______ ____ 71, 603 70,681 70,158 69,804 69,379 70, 458 70, 790 71,299 71,044
Civilian labor force________________ 68, 965 68,027 67, 510 67,160 66, 732 67, 770 68,061 68, 513 68,225
Unemployment - ................ ................ 4,904 5,120 5,198 5,173 4,494 3,374 3,188 2,508 2,552
Unemployed 4 weeks or less____ 1, 778 1,725 1,753 1,946 2,007 1,593 1,724 1, 272 1, 438
Unemployed 5-10 weeks. _____
930
933 1,153 1,517 1,187
699
857
538
448
Unemployed 11-14 weeks. ____
444
845
577
562
435
175
297
240
210
Unemployed 15-26 weeks______ 1,146 1, 301 1,045
795
556
380
280
268
263
Unemployed over 26 weeks_____
605
585
401
353
309
246
243
255
193
Employment_____ ______________ 64,061 62,907 62,311 61, 988 62,238 64,396 64, 873 66,005 65, 674
Nonagricultural. ........................ 57, 789 57. 349 57, 239 57,158 57,240 59,012 59,057 59,168 59,156
Worked 35 hours or more___ 45, 619 44,166 44, 206 43,213 44, 764 46, 579 42,170 47,051 47, 652
Worked 15-34 hours............... 7,147 7,840 7,789 8,218 7, 317 7,343 11,558 6, 784 6,207
Worked 1-14 hours________ 3.224 3.190 3,346 3,252 3,147 3,188 3,090 2,934 2,664
With a Job but not at work <_ 1, 799 2.153 1,899 2, 476 2,007 1,901 2,239 2.399 2,632
Agricultural. ............................... 6,272 5, 558 5,072 4, 830 4,998 5,385 5, 817 6, 837 6, 518
Worked 35 hours or more___ 4,452 3,561 2,945 2, 551 2,896 3, 266 3,586 4,893 4,318
Worked 15-34 hours............... 1,370 1,390 1,373 1,265 1,303 1,301 1,427 1,383 1,633
Worked 1-14 h o u r s ..______
348
444
503
667
510
557
548
390
421
With a job but not at work 4
103
162
251
346
289
260
256
172
146

71,833 73,051 72,661 70,714

70,746

70,387

68,994
2, 609
1,386
506
247
238
232
66,385
59, 562
45, 992
5, 637
2,110
5, 823
6,823
4,918
1,364
317
224

67, 893
2,715
1, 398
'520
161
377
260
65,178
58,519
47,116
6, 576
2,942
1,886
6,659
4,616
1, 523
351
170

67, 946
2,936
1,485
'650
240
321
239
65, Oil
58, 789
46,238
6,953
2,777
2,821
6,222
4,197
I) 413
416
196

67,530
2,551
1, 214
' 594
211
301
232
64,979
58, 394
46,062
6, 715
2,648
2; 969
e;585
4, 577
1,399
' 416
192

Total labor force...................................... 48,858 48,396 48,126 47,944 47,801 48,096 48, 286 48,503 48, 620 49, 745 50,307 50,160 48,657
46, 252 45, 774 45, 510 45, 332 45,186 45,440 45, 589 45,751 45,835 46,940 47, 517 47,375 45,870
3,266 3,492 3,743 3, 632 3,141 2,392 2,041 1, 594 1,565 1,596 1,803 2,054 1,665
42.986 42,282 41,767 41, 700 42,045 43, 047 43. 548 44,156 44, 270 45, 344 45, 713 45,321 44, 205
37, 962 37, 578 37,340 37, 429 37, 646 38, 413 38, 713 38,865 39,155 39, 953 39, 738 39, 647 38,982
31,862 30.867 30, 552 29,833 31,093 32,096 29, 402 32,773 33, 371 32,992 31,823 33,713 33, 251
3, 555 4,027 4,087 4, 326 3,788 3, 680 6, 471 3,317 2,992 2, 711 2,891 2,984 3,165
1,395 1.395 1,427 1,494 1,437 1,375 1,381 1,240 1,162
9.50 1,010 1,096 1,309
1,151 1, 289 1,273 1, 776 1,325 1,262 1,458 1,534 1,630 3, 299 4,015 1,854 1,257
5,024 4,704 4, 427 4,271 4,399 4, 634 4,834 5,292 5,115 5,391 5,975 5,674 5,222
3,930 3,281 2, 777 2,393 2,740 3,075 3, 264 4,111 3, 779 4,221 4,862 4,499 4,006
753
947 1,000
971
976
952
741
876
758
925
754
820
815
247
329
420
411
586
444
393
270
282
231
260
238
249
93
147
230
321
271
239
226
153
198
121
128
96
152

48, 649

48, 679

45,882
1,893
43,989
38,952
32, 546
3, 461
1,197
1,748
5,037
3,716
'842
309
171

45,756
1,608
44,148
38, 870
32,536
3,388
1,135
1,810
5,278
3, 993
806
308
171

70, 228
3,007
1, 582
731
201
234
260
67, 221
59, 449
44. 272
5, 969
2, 345
6,863
7, 772
5, 742
1,514
366
150

69,842
3,337
2,028
620
182
261
247
66,504
58,970
46, 988
6,241
2,498
3,243
7, 534
5,402
1,622
396
115

Males

Civilian labor force............................. .
Unemployment—............................... .
Employment.......................................
Nonagricultural............................
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours..........
Worked 1-14 hours.___ ____
With a Job but not at work 4
Agricultural _______________
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours_______
Worked 1-14 hours_______
With a job but not at work f

Females
Total labor force...................................... 22,745 22, 286 22,032 21,861 21, 578 22,362 22, 506 22,796 22,424 22,088 22, 745 22,500 22,056
Civilian labor force................................ 22, 713 22,254 22,000 21,829 21,546 22,330 22,473 22, 763 22, 390 22,054 22, 711 22, 467 22,023
U nem ployment._________________ 1,638 1.629 1,456 1, 541 1,353
914
981 1,147
986 1,013 1, 203 1,283 1,050
Employment____________________ 21,075 20, 625 20, 544 20, 288 2 0 108 21 24Q
21 84Q
Nonagricultural______________ 19; 826 19. 770 19,899 19; 729 19¡ 594 20’, 598 20,343 20; 303 20,001 19, 609 19, 711 19,323 19, 537
Worked 35 hours or more___ 13,757 13, 299 13,654 13, 380 13,672 14, 483 12, 768 14, 278 14, 281 12,999 12,449 13,275 13, 865
Worked 15-34 hours_______ 3, 592 3,813 3,701 3, 892 3,530 3,663 5,086 3,467 3, 215 2,926 3,078 3,257 3,411
Worked 1-14 hours________ 1,829 1, 795 1,919 1,759 1, 711 1,813 1,709 1,694 1, 502 1,159 1,335 1,402 1,632
With a Job but not at work 4
648
864
625
700
681
864 1,002 2, 524 2,849 1,389
639
780
628
Agricultural................ .................. 1,249
855
645
559
599
751
982 1,546 1,403 1,433 1, 797 1,860 1,437
Worked 35 hours or more___
522
280
169
159
156
782
191
322
539
697
879
902
609
Worked 15-34 hours..............
444
617
373
294
327
425
476
625
708
623
760
802
708
Worked 1-14 h o u rs _______
100
115
83
99
81
113
155
120
139
86
129
137
101
With a job but not at work 4
10
15
20
25
18
22
19
26
19
30
17
29
18
i Estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of households
and are subject to sampling variability. Data relate to the calendar week
ending nearest the 15th day of the month. The employed total includes all
wage and salary workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid workers in
family-operated enterprises. Persons in institutions are not included.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
* Beginning with January 1957, two groups numbering between 200,000 and
300,000 which were formerly classified as employed (under “with a job but
not at work“) were assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unem­
ployed. For a full explanation, see Monthly Report on the Labor Force,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

22,097

21,808

22,064
1,043

21, 774
943

19, 837
13,692
3, 491
1,580
1,073
1,184
482
571
107
25

19, 524
13,526
3, 327
1, 513
1,158
1,307
585
594
108
21

February 1957 (Current Population Reports, Labor Force, Series F-fiT,
No. 17ft).
* Survey week contained legal holiday.
* Includes persons who had a job or business but who did not work during
the survey week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor dispute.
Prior to January 1957, also included were persons on layoff with definite
instructions to return to work within 30 days of layoff and persons who had
new Jobs to which they were scheduled to report within 30 days. Most of
the persons in these groups have, since that time, been classified as
unemployed.
Soubck: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

796

T able A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands)
Annual
average

1957

1958

Industry
M a y 5 Apr.’

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

1957

1956

Total employees............ ..................................... 50,496 50,238 5 0 ,158! 50,223 50,937 53,084 52, 789 53,043 53,152 52, 891 52, 605 52, 881 52, 482 52,543 51,878
M ining________________________________
M etal.— ..........................................................
Iron__ - ______ - ____________________
Copper_____________________________
..... ..... .
T,»nr| and 7.1nn
A nth racite___________________________
Bltumlnous-coal..............................................

746
9 0 .5

198.7

Crude-petroleum and natural-gas prod u ctlo n ................................ ...................
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)__________
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying...........
C on tract c o n s tr u c tio n _______________________
N n n h n ild in g c o n str u c tio n

114.0
2,949

Highway and street.. _______________
O th er n n n h n lld ln g c o n str u c tio n
B u ild in g e on stru u tln n
General c o n tra c to r s
_
__
S p e c ia l-tr a d e c o n tra c to r s _ __
__ . _
P lu m b in g a n d h e a tin g .
___
__

Painting and decorating___________
Electrical work___________________
Other special-trade contractors
M a n u fa c tu r in g .. --------------------------- --------------

Durable goods 8-----------------------Nondurable goods *.........................
Ordnance and accessories______________

755
9 1 .5
28 .7
2 7 .2
14.1

770
9 4 .2
2 9 .7
28 .5
14.3

784
96.1
30 .4
2 9 .0
14 .6

803
9 9 .6
3 2 .4
2 9 .6
15 .0

825
103.3
3 5 .4
3 0 .2
15 .2

829
104.5
3 6 .9
3 0 .3
14 .7

837
105.7
38. 1
30 .3
14.9

853
110 1
3 9 .6
32. 0
15.4

862
112.2
40. 1
3 2 .8
15.9

857
113.4
39 .3
33 .4
16 .8

858
112. 4
3 8 .9
3 3 .4
17.5

835
111.9
3 8 .2
3 3 .0
17.4

840
109.7
37.4
32 .5
16. 7

816
108.3
34.6
33 .3
17.4

19 .7
208.9

22 .9
216.6

2 4 .2
2 2 2.6

23.4
230.0

26.1
2 3 4.2

24.1
235.5

27.3
237.3

2 8 .4
2 3 7.0

27 2
237.9

31 .0
231.3

3 0 .6
24 1 .9

26 6
238 7

28 .3
238.1

29.7
230.8

3 2 2.9

326.3

333.3

3 3 9.7

345.1

346.0

3 4 6.8

356.3

363.1

362.0

3 5 4 .8

340.0

3 4 6.7

3 30.8

20 3 .4

203.9

204.8

205.7

206.4

2 0 5.2

206.8

213.3

217.6

217.6

212.0

203.6

2 0 7.2

196.4

112.4

109.8

107.8

110.6

115.8

118.7

120.1

121.2

121.3

119.2

118.7

118.2

116.8

116.2

3,305
3.082
3,224
3,275
3 ,232
3,025
2,993
2,374
3,285
2 ,732
2,530
2,850
3,059
2,606
714
442
574
715
738
663
631
606
567
485
652
730
728
501
296.2
320 2 333 8 340 4 331.0
3 2 1.5
271. 1 263. 3
157.8
184.4
223. 5 275.0
237. 8
179.7
397.4
392 0 366. 8
360. 1 342.6
395.0
396 4 397.4
305 2 284.6
3 2 9.5
316. 6 35 0 .0
3 7 6.5
2, 567 2, 647
2, 518
2,419
2, 387
2,276
2, 509
2. 555
2, 394
2.045 1. 932
2,105
2, 407
2,165
724.4
873.9
980 3 1, 009 6 1,030. 2 1 ,0 3 9 .8 1 ,0 0 5 .5
977. 5 955. 1 995.1
936.3
816.0
768.6
805.1
1,
537.0
1
,5
1
2
.5
1.441
1
1,
439.
0
1, 507.1
1 ,3 9 1 .8
1,348. 5 1, 275. 9 1 ,2 0 7 .3 1,299. 5 1 ,4 0 1 .9 1, 470 8 1, 528 2 1. 545. 4
342. 7 333.7
338. 2
332.6
303.5
334.0
299.1
3 0 1.0
318 9 3 3 1 .6
338. 7 350 4 351 8 344.2
2 0 5.2
223 0 226.6
226.5
190 5
191.8 179 5
152.7
181.6
198.6
211.8
182.2
164.7
161.6

206. 5
660.7

208 5 211.9
601.7 539.2

218. 5
600. 5

227.2
661.5

231.2
702.3

237. 1 240 2
728.9 730.4

242.7
723.5

241.2
706.8

237.2
727.4

223 5
693.4

230. 3
678.7

198.1
680.2

15,046 15,113 15,363 15,603 15,877 16,316 16,573 16,783 16,905 16,955 16,710 16,852 16, 762 16,800 16,905
8,484 8, 528 8, 707 8,875 9,111 9, 405 9,584 9.687 9, 710 9,802 9, 756 9,913 9, 895 9,808 9, 825
6, 562 6,585 6, 656 6,728 6,766 6,911 6, 089 7,096 7,195 7,153 6,954 6, 939 6, 867 6,992 7,080
118.0

118.9

118.4

117.6

116.6

116.9

117. 8

119.8

123.6

126.5

126.2

126.7

127.6

125.5

130.6

Food and kindred products......................... 1,417.8 1,397.3 1,390.1 1, 396.9 1,417.4 1, 477. 9 1, 518.1 1, 591. 8 1, 673. 6 1, 654. 6 1, 578. 9 1, 510. 7 1,451.8 1, 517.9 1, 552.0
295.0 298.7 303.8 313.9 325.6 332. 1 330.7 330. 4 327.0 328.9 325.7 320 7 327 3 337. 4
Meat products ___
95.2
93.3
94.0
96. 5 98.8 103.2 109. 1 111. 1 109.8 104 3 102.6 109.3
96 6 95.0
Dairy products_________________ - ___
164. 8 151. 9 155.4 157.1 175.9 193.7 261. 5 347.5 326 7 253.9 197.1 168.2 214.3 231 1
Canning and preserving_____________
113.2
113.3
113.2
114
1 116 8 118.0 118.2 115.1 113. 2 113.5 115. 7 118.7
113.1
113.
5
Grain-mill products_________________
Bakery products
__
283.0 283.7 284.4 285.3 288. 1 289.5 290 7 290 9 292 4 292.2 289.5 287.6 288.8 289. 1
29 8 28.7
32.0
26.5
27 9 27. 1 25.0
25.9
25.2
33.4
43.0
47.
0
31.8
43.3
Sugar______________________________
73.8
71.3
73. 5 78.9
85 6 83 7 78.8
79.3
724
77.1
84.6
85.8
75.6
77.6
Confectionery and related products___
208. 2 210.2 206.4 207. 5 215.6 218.6 222. 1 226.8 229.9 234.4 229.4 218 8 218.4 215.3
Beverages ________________________
138.3 136.3 136.7 135.4 136. 7 139.9 142.3 143.3 143.8 144.1 145. 1 140.2 139.9 140.0
Miscellaneous food products.............. . —

78.3
Tobacco manufactures.................................
C igarettes_________________________
Cigars ______________________ - ____
Tobacco and snuS___________________
Tobacco stemming and redrylng............ —

79.2
35.8
28.7
6.4
8.3

917.6

927.2
5. £
110.6
399.8
27.0
197.3
84.2
44.2
9.6
48.6

Textile-mill products--------------------------Scouring and combing plants_________
Yarn and thread mills_______________
Broad-woven fabric mills____________
Narrow fahrles and small wares
Knitting mills______________________
D yeing and finishing textiles...................
Carpets, Hlgs, other floor coverings
Hats (except cloth and millinery)_____
Miscellaneous textile goods___________

92.0
35.7
30.6
6.4
19.3

96.3
35.7
32.0
6.4
22.2

95. 7
35. S
32.6
6.5
20.8

935.2 945.3 950. 6
6.0
5.9
5.7
111.3 112. S 113.8
405.3 409.3 412.2
27.8
27. 5 27.6
194.8 195.5 194. 2
85.3
85.2
84.2
46.8
47.7
46.2
10.3
9.9
10.3
51.6
53.7
50.1

974.9
5.6
116. 1
419.0
28.3
204.0
86.7
48.7
10.5
56. C

985.3
5.3
116.1
418.9
28.7
212.0
87.9
48. £
10.3
57.2

83.1
35.6
29.8
6.5
11.2

88.1
35.8
30.6
6.4
15.3

103.8
35 2
32 8
6.5
29.3

108.3
35.8
32.3
6.6
33.6

100.0
35.7
32.0
6.6
25.7

998.1 1, 003. 0 1,002. 3
6. 6
64
5.9
117.2 118.2 116 1
424. 1 426.4 427. 5
29. 1
29.3
29 3
215.7 216.5 217. 2
87.9
88.5
88.3
49.9
50 3 50.3
10.0
10.2
9.7
58. C
57.1
57.7

80.1
34.2
30.1
6.3
9.5

82.5
34.3
32.6
6.6
9.0

81.9
33.7
32 9
6.6
8.7

92.8
35.8
32.6
6.6
17.8

97.3
34.2
34. 5
7.0
21.6

986.2 1,004. 2 1.003.6 1,004. 0 1,057.3
6.4
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.9
114.9 117.7 118 1 117.8 123.0
423.1 428.4 429.2 429.7 457.2
29.0
29 2 29.2
28.5
29.8
211.2 216 2 213.2 212.5 220.6
86.1
88. 1 88.0
88.2
91.7
49. 4 51. 1 51. 1 54.2
49.0
10.2
10.6
10.6
10.0
12.3
56.8
57.9
58.2
58.6
61.6

Apparel and other finished textile products........... ............................... ..................... 1,115.5 1,124. C1,156. C1,188.6 1,174. 7 1,194.1 1, 205.1 1 , 211. C1. 219. 4 1, 219. 5 1,156. 8 1,180. 5 1,173 2 1, 203. 5 1,215.4
105.0 114.1 115.4 115.0 117.0 115.4 119. 1 121.7 121.8 117.3 122.8 121.0 121.4 124.1
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______ —
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
292. £ 300.8 301. £ 297.1 303. C 308.6 313.1 315.5 312 5 303. £ 309.4 304 £ 308.3 315.4
clothing__________________________
337.3 337. 2 360.0 354.1 357.0 353.3 346.8 354.2 358.4 328.4 336. 1 337 2 353 6 356.4
Women’s outerwear_________________
117.4 118. 9 119. 4 119.1 121.5 124.1 124.3 124.2 122.0 115.8 119 2 121. 1 122.0 121.6
Women’s, children’s undergarments.. 19. 7 19. 7 16.1
14. 1 15. a
15.4
18.6
18. 4
16.4
18.7
19.7 i 21.1
17.4
14.5
M illin ery __________________________
78.9
79.7
80.1
80.4
79.6
75.4
76.7
78.9
77.7
74.8
76. 8' 80. 2 78.9
72.9
Children’s outerwear____ __________
11.6
12. C 12.5
12.7
11.9
12.8
11.7
11. 6
11.6
11.1
11.4
12.6
10.2
10.8
Fur goods_____________________ _____
63.5
64. 8 64.2
60. £ 61.7
60. £
64. 5
62.3
63.4
62.9
58.9
60. 21 60.2
60.5
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories
Other fabricated textile products_____ _______ 115.5 117.5 i 119.3 1 121.2 127.7 132.3 131.8 127.1 129.6 123.5 125.1 126.3 128.2 129.4

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

797

A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

T able A-2; Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958

Annual
average

1957

Industry
M ay2 Apr.2 Mar.
Manufacturing—Continued
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_____ ______ ___________ 641.5
Logging camps and contractors..... ........
Sawmills and planing mills. ..................
Mlllwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products
Wooden containers.................................
Miscellaneous wood products________ —
341.7

Furniture and fixtures_____ _________
Household furniture
Office, public-building, and profes­
sional furniture__
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and
fixtures__
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures_____________

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

691.9
91.2
361.8

699.5
88.4
368.9

713.5
94.7
376.8

713.7
101.6
373.0

729.7
110.9
377.3

708.1
100.6
368.4

685.9
87.3
360.9

741.4
104.0
388.1

122.5
45.4
51.2

120.8
45.5
51.5

123.4
44.4
51.4

124. 4
47.0
52.3

126.6
47.9
53.6

129.5
48.8
64.6

133.3
60.1
65.5

135.0
50.8
56.4

135.5
50.0
56.5

132. 7
50.1
56.3

131.9
52.5
57.1

129. 2
52. 5
57.4

130.1
51.0
56.6

135.8
55.0
58.5

341.2
242.3

348.2
247.6

354.1
251.4

357.8
255.0

368.2
262.1

373.4
266.2

378. 1 379.8
267.9 267.9

378.2
266. 6

369.6 371.8
259 1 261.0

368.6
259.1

373.2
263. 3

379.0
266.4

42.3

42.6

43.1

43. 3

44.0

44.9

46.2

47.4

47.7

47.0

47.5

47.1

46.8

48.1

34.6

35.0

36.2

36.1

37.1

37.0

38.4

39.2

38.8

38.8

38.6

38.1

38.1

37.9

25.0

25.3

25.6

25.3

25.1

24.7

24.7

24.3

25.0

26.6

580.4 580.6
277. 1 277. 8
164. 1 163 5
139.2 139.3

576.0
278. 4
159.4
138.2

569.7
276,0
156.6
137.1

578.7
281. 5
158.8
138.4

573.1
277.8
157.1
138.2

575. 9
278.3
159. 5
138.1

569.9
278.0
156.7
135.2

860.3 861.7 859.6 865.8
320. 0 321.8 320. 5 320. 7
59 1 58. 5 59. 2 60. 5
53.4
53. 8
53. 6 53.3
228 0 227 2 227.0 228.8
62 1 62. 5 62.1
62. 5
16.6
17 2 17.6
17.3
46.1
45.4
45.9
46. 0

852.5
313. 7
64.2
53.1
222.4
63.1
18.8
46.0

23.4

23.4
566.1
274. 8
156.9
134.4

Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
trie s.......... ..........................................
Newspapers ..
Periodicals
Books _
Commercial printing
Lithographing
Greeting cards
Bookbinding and related industries
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services

861.6
320.6
60.7
52.6
228.6
60.1
16.0
43.8

865.2
321.4
61.1
53.1
229.7
60.5
15.5
44.3

864.1
320.9
61.4
53.2
228.7
60.5
15.9
44.1

866.5 874.3
321. 2 324.3
62.0
61.9
53. 4 53.3
230. 4 233.0
60. 4 62. 5
16.6
15. 8
44. 3 44.8

79.2

79.6

79.4

79.1

77.8

810.0 808.6
100. 7 101.6
295.8 297.6
108.5 108.0

808.3
102.3
301.1
107.2

815.2
103. 4
305.2
107.2

822.5
103. 8
308.2
107.8

8.0
34. 1

50. 5
75.8

51.0
77.0

32. 6
42.0
98.4

Leather and leather products...... .............
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing .
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.
Footwear (except rubber)_______ ~___
L uggage___ __ __
Handbags and small leather goods___
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.

343.7

Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Flat glass_____________ ____ _______
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic__________ ______
Structural clay products____________
Pottery and related products________
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod­
ucts____________________________
Cut-stone and stone products________
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products................................................
See footnotes at end of table.

496.9


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

575.6 578.8
277. 1 277. 4
161.9 164.6
136.6 136.8

876. 1 875. 5 869.9 859.5
324.3 322. 8 321. 6 317.9
62.3
61.7
58.9
60. 9
53.4
53. 6 53 6
53. 4
231.2 231. 4 229.3 228.9
62 8 63.1
62. 6 62.2
18.9
18. 1 17.3
19.0
46. 7 47.1
45.3
45.8
77.3

76.7

75.1

828.6 832 2
104. 5 105.8
309.2 309.3
107.6 106.2

833.9
107.0
313.3
105. 7

832.5
107.6
315.1
105.5

33.9
41.8
98.6

51.3
77 9
8. 7
33 3
39.0
97.7

51 2
78.6
8. 8
31.0
36.3
98.4

77.8

74. 7

74.8

76.2

71.2

829. 4 831.8
107.7 108.1
316 0 315.8
104.4 102.6

837.8
108. 0
314.7
101.5

833.5
106.9
314.3
103.8

830.6
108. 4
315.7
97.7

50.1
77.5

30.5
35.5
96.9

50. 7
77.9
8. 5
33.6
36.5
98.2

42. 5
37.2
97.7

50. 7
77.2
8. 5
35.6
39.0
97.5

50.3
76.2
8.4
36.0
40.5
97.4
254.3

74.9

48.3
74.0

48.8
74.4

48.9
74.7

49.0
75.3

46.0
34.8
93.9

40.6
35.6
94.0

35.1
36.6
94.4

38.5
94.5

49.6
75.6
8. 1
32.3
40.7
96.4

247.8 247.8
201. 5 202.4

250.7
203.2

253.0
204. 6

253.7
203.9

256. 6
204.8

257.9
205.0

261.3
208.1

261.3
208.5

259.9
207.2

259.1
206.3

257. 2
205.4

257.3
205.6

46.3

45.4

47.5

48.4

49.8

51.8

52.9

53.2

52.8

52.7

52.8

51.8

51.7

51.7

233.9
97.9

243.2
102.5

260. 5
109.2

267.5
111.3

119.5

129.5

134.1

269.3
111.4
22.3
135.6

269.9 266.9 264.7 259.7 255.7 262.1
111. 6 111.6 111.3 110.6 104. 5 110. 7
22.1 22. 1 22.0 21.6 21.8 21. 6
136.2 133.2 131.4 127.5 129.4 129.8

264.7
109.8

115.0

250.9
105.6
21.5
123.8

132.9

22.0

269.2
111.5
24.1
133.6

346.7
37.3
4.5
18.4
225.5
16.3
31.0
13.7

368.2
38.4
4.9
19.1
240.4
16.2
35.7
13.5

374.5
38.9
5.3

370.1
39.5
5.4

366.3
40.4
5.1
19.7
238.4
16. 8
29.2
16.7

376.1
40.8
5.2
19. 9
243.2
17.0
33.4
16.6

381.5
42.7
5. 2
20.0
246.3
16. 6
33.7
17.0

493.3
25.2
89.0
13.7
40.1
70.7
46.1

8.0

8.0

21.0 21.2

—

1956

670.3
83.4
354.0

560.3
271.8
154.2
134.3

229.9

1957

648.8
77.4
343.3

23.0

Rubber products..... ................ ................ .
Tires and inner tubes_____ _________
Rubber footwear__________________
Other rubber products______________

May

626.0
71.9
330.4

559.0
271.2
153.9
133.9

246.7

June

615.3
70.4
325.7

22.0

Products of petroleum and c o a l..._____
Petroleum refining__ ______ _______
Coke, other petroleum and coal
products

July

614.1
69.7
326.6

557. 7
271.9
152.6
133.2

Chemicals and allied products.................. 796.9
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals_________ ___
Drugs and medicines_______________ _____
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara­
tions___________ __ _ ____ ______
Paints, pigments, and fillers_________
Gum and wood chemicals___ _______
Fertilizers______ . . .. ______ ___ .
Vegetable and animal oils and fats____
Miscellaneous chemicals____________ —

Aug.

617.7
70.3
328.3

Paper and allied products.......................... 555.5
Pulp, paper, and paperboard m i l l s _
Paperboard containers and boxes_____
Other paper and allied products............ ...........
860.2

Sept.

8.0

21.8 22.1

8.0

8.6

50.6
79 0

8.8

8.6

202.6

244.8
16.3
36.2
12.9

374.0 374.9 375. 4
40.4
40.4
39.9
5. 5
5. 4
5.3
20.1 20.1 19. 5 19.4
244.4 242.6 239. 1 239.5
17. 5
16.0
16. 7
17.2
32. 5 35.1
36.0
36.1
12.2 14.1 17.2 17.3

378.0 382.9 372.5 373.9
40.6
40.3
41.0
41.0
5.2
5. 1
5.0
5.0
20.0 19.9
19 3
19.9
242.6 246.8 243 2 243.6
17.0
17.3
17.6
17.1
35. 1 34.7
29.9
30.2
17.9
17.8
17.1
17.1

493.3
26.0
89.8
14.1
39.0
69.7
47.0

498.3
29.3
89.5
14.8
39 2
70.6
47.4

508.9 529.8
31.2
32.9
89.6
92.8
15.3
16.1
40. 1 41.8
73.1
78.3
47.6
49.3

543.7
32.9
96. 4
16.3
42. 5
80.9
50.3

551.3
32.6
97.2
16.9
42.5
82.4
50.3

556.8
31.6
98. 5
16.5
43. 1
83 6
50.9

555.3
31.3
98.2
16.6
41.6
83.9
50.2

538.2
30.9
94.3
16.3
29.7
83. 5
49.7

655.2
30.7
97. 7
16.5
41.5
83.3
51.4

550.4
30. 7
96.0
16.5
42.6
80.7
62.0

547.0
32.0
95. 6
16.6
41.2
81.4
51.7

561.5
34.2
95.0
17.5
43.4
86.9
54.6

110.7
18.2

108.0
17.8

106.4
17.5

107.6
17.9

111.2
18.5

115.6
18.6

118.8
19.3

120.9
19.2

120.9
19.2

121.5
19.2

122.2
18.9

120.2
19.1

117.3
19.0

117.6
19.5

79.6

81.9

83.6

86.5

88.9

90.2

91.3

92.5

93.4

93.1

93.0

92.6

92.2

92.8

20.1

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

798

T able A -2 . E m p loyees in nonagricultural establishm ents, by industry 1— Continued
[In thousands]
1958
Industry

M ay 2 Apr.2 Mar.

Annual
average

1957

______
Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov,

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries............................ 1,055.7 1,064.0 1,101.2 1,131.6 1,180.7 1, 230. 9 1,255.3 1, 276. 9 1,289. 4 1,306. 5 1,302.7 1, 318.9 1,318.7 1,305.4 1 311.0
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills__________ _______________ - ................... 512.4 529.8 544.9 568.1 599.9 616.4 629.7 641.7 648.4 648.9 652.1 651.5 643.7 630.6
188.6 195.3 203.1 212.2 217.9 218.4 222.6 218.6 225.4 224.3 229.0 229.8 227.8 241.0
Iron and steel foundries___________ _________
Primary smelting and refining of non58.2
56.3
ferrous metals.........................................................
60.1
64.2
64.6
63.1
64.6
66.0
66.9
67.1
67.9
67.9
67.2
67.8
Secondary smelting and refining of
12.4
12.6
12.8
nonferrous metals................................ - ...............
13.4
13.8
13.9
14.1
14.1
13.9
14.1
14.1
14.4
14.2
14.3
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of non99.7 100.6 104.6 107.6 109.4 107.8 109.0 111.6 109.9 112.3 112.2 110.7 116.9
98.6
ferrous metals.......... ..............................................
61.4
64.1
Nonferrous foundries---- ------ -----------------------65.2
68.3
71.8
74.1
76.8
76.1
76.4
75.3
77.0
77.4
77.9
79.6
Miscellaneous primary metal indus­
tries.............. .............................................- ............ 134.3 141.5 144.9 151.0 155.7 158.5 161.3 163.9 163.9 163.1 166.5 165.5 163.9 161.1
Fabricated metal products (except ord­
nance, machinery, and transporta­
tion equipment)....................- ................
Tin cans and other tinware.....................
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware.......
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies.............................. -.
Fabricated structural metal products..
Metal stamping, coating, and engrav­
ing...............................................................
Lighting fixtures.........................................
Fabricated wire products.........................
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod­
ucts______________________________

981.5

992.8 1,014.4 1,035. 7 1,072. 9 1,108. 4 1,127. 0 1,129.1 1,118.8 1,118.2 1,108. 2 1,125. 6 1,121.1 1,124. 7 1 116.6
52.4
52.5
52.2
51.4
52.9
55.4
58.9
59.9
50.9
58.4
56.6
60.6
56.3
57.7
122.3 129.1 133.8 140.4 146.3 147.2 145.2 140.5 138.4 136.6 140.9 142.7 144.3 149.2
108.1
304.5

108.8
307.1

107.7
311.0

108. 5
321.5

108.9
329.6

110.8
332.3

109.9
336. 5

109. 8
337.5

112.8
335.4

109.7
332.4

111.4
334.2

111.7
327.5

110.7
328.7

121.4
303.4

187.7
44.3
51.6

193.2
46.0
53.3

201.6
47.4
54.3

213.5
49.6
56.3

225.0
52.6
57.9

231.0
54.6
58.8

228.5
54.6
58.7

219.1
53.5
59.1

220.1
51.9
59.5

222.6
50.8
59.4

228.7
51.1
60.4

230.4
51.2
60.6

231.2
53.0
60.7

234.3
50.8
61.9

121.8

124.5

127.7

132.2

136.7

139.4

140.3

140.4

139.5

136.8

140.5

140.4

139.8

137.9

Machinery (except electrical)---------------- 1, 453. 6 1, 478.9 1, 509. 5 1,531.4 1, 561.7 1, 587. 4 1, 608. 2 1, 635.9 1,657. 0 1,658. 7 1, 686. 4 1, 714. 6 1, 728. 4 1, 693. 4 1 716.4
82.2
80.6
Engines and turbines................................
83.3
82.8
82.9
81.7
81.8
81.6
81.7
84.1
83.9
82.6
83. 5
79.6
Agricultural machinery and tractors...
141.3 142.2 140.9 138.5 137.4 137. 7 142.5 142.5 142.4 143.2 146.6 147.7 147. 2 149.5
Construction and mining m achinery...
122.0 126.0 129.3 132.2 135.2 139.1 144.0 148.3 149.6 151.2 152.1 153.9 149. 6 151.9
225.1 231.8 237.4 246.9 254.4 260.3 267.6 275.2 277.3 283.5 289.1 290.9 280.7 282.5
Metalworking machinery....................... .
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)— .............
159.8 162.4 166.9 170.1 172.6 174.6 177.2 177.6 176.3 179.9 183.7 183.6 180.9 188.1
235.9 242.7 246.6 252.7 256.6 257.1 260.6 263.7 262.6 267.7 267.3 266. 7 265.1 259.6
General industrial machinery-----------Office and store machines and devices..
116.0 116.3 114.5 119.0 122.5 126.3 129.2 131.5 132.2 131.3 134.9 135. 2 132.0 124.7
Service-industry and household ma161.7 163.0 162.9 162.6 163.3 163.0 165.0 163.5 174.1 179.6 187.3 178.9 205.6
159.0
chines___________________________________
Miscellaneous machinery parts............................. 239.2 244.2 249.5 256. 5 263.3 268.1 270.0 271.5 272.2 273.9 277.4 279.0 275.5 274.9
Electrical machinery..................................... 1,075.8 1,087.3 1, 111. 0 1,129.4 1,158. 9 1,192. 4 1, 221. 4 1,239.2 1,251.3 1,232.8 1,219. 7 1, 222.0 1,211.2 1,225.0 1 202.9
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa­
366.3 375.9 383.7 393.8 403.1 407.0 409.5 415.0 410.5 413.7 417.6 419.6 417.5 415.9
ratus------------------- -----------------------43.4
42.9
44.1
Electrical appliances................................
47.9
45.5
47.3
49.7
49.2
49.0
47.2
47.4
48.1
49.4
52.6
22.9
23.6
24.1
Insulated wire and cable--------------- 25.1
26.4
24.7
26.2
26.2
25.8
26.2
26.2
26.0
26.3
26.1
64.4
60.6
66.8
Electrical equipment for vehicles.........
71.6
75.0
75.1
74.8
72.6
75.6
72.6
73.6
71.8
75.3
73.9
25.2
26.2
27.0
28.2
27.6
28.4
28.4
Electric lamps............ ...............................
28.3
28.2
28.2
28.3
28.4
28 4
27.1
524.3 531.6 537.4 548.8 565.5 585.2 600.2 606.2 596.9 580.9 578.6 568.0 578.3 557.7
Communication eq u ip m e n t............. .
45.1
45.9
46.3
Miscellaneous electrical products.........
46.9
48.2
50.0
50.2
51.5
60.4
50.3
49.3
51.2
49.8
49.6
Transportation equipment........................ 1,569.4 1, 577.8 1,631.2 1,690. 7 1, 754. 2 1,823. 6 1, 837.4 1,822.1 1, 787. 4 1,876. 5 1, 888.3 1, 925. 9 1.941.4 1,904.9 1 830. 5
Motor vehicles and equipment*......................... 614.4 660.1 716.4 773.1 824.7 811.8 753.7 694. 3 772.5 762.9 793.9 812. 7 807.1 815.2
Aircraft and parts_________ ____ ______ ____ 763.6 767.1 767.9 773.7 785.8 806.2 847.2 868.5 885.8 902.0 905.6 906.9 878.1 814.4
Aircraft----------------------------------------------- 465.6 468.4 466.2 468.6 475.4 489.0 516.7 529.5 542.4 553. 9 556.2 558.3 537.5 499.1
Aircraft engines and parts................................ 147.7 147.4 149.1 151.7 155.3 158.2 165.5 169.7 173.0 176.9 178.9 179.7 174.3 165.6
20.2
19.7
Aircraft propellers and parts............................
20.5
20.7
20.3
20.6
21.0
20.1
20.6
20.5
20.6
20.4
20.5
16. 9
Other aircraft parts and equipm ent............... 130.6 131.1 132.1 132.7 134.8 138.9 144.4 148.7 149.9 150.2 149.9 148.5 145.8 132.8
Ship and boat building and repairing.. ........... 140.4 141.3 142.5 142.0 145.3 147.1 145.8 146.9 146.5 146.6 148.7 146.5 145. 4 128. 9
Shipbuilding and repairing.............................. 123.8 124.8 125. 4 125.2 128.5 130.4 129.7 131.2 130.7 129.8 129.9 127.1 127.5 110.0
16.5
Boatbuilding and repairing.............................
16.6
17.1
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.1
15.7
16.7
19.4
15.8
18.8
17.9
18.9
51.2
54.2
55.7
Railroad equipment.................................. ..........
57.8
59.3
67.2
67.0
64.8
62.5
67.7
61.1
65.6
64.7
62.1
8.2
8.5
8.2
Other transportation equipment____________
7.6
8.5
10.7
9.6
10.6
9.8
10.6
10.0
9.7
9.6
9.9
Instruments and related products............ 311.8 313.7 317.5 321.1 326.1 331.6 334.9 336.9 338.8 340.5 335.2 338.0 339.0 338.3 335.9

Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
instrum ents......................................................
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instrum ents............................... .................. .
Optical instruments and lenses................ ..........
Surgical, medical, and dental instru­
ments_________________________________
Ophthalmic goods........ ........................................
Photographic apparatus......................................
Watches and clocks...................... ......................

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. 438.1
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware___
Musical instruments and parts___ _____
Toys and sporting goods___________ ___
Pens, pencils, other office supplies______
Costume Jewelry, buttons, notions...........
Fabricated plastics products___________
Other manufacturing industries...... ..........
See footnotes at end of table,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

66.9

66.8

67.8

68.8

69.3

70.1

71.6

73.2

75.4

75.6

75.1

74.8

73.4

67.3

76.7
13.2

77.9
13.3

78.8
13.4

79.6
13.7

81.5
14.0

82.8
13.9

84.1
13.7

84.4
13.6

84.6
13.6

84.6
13.8

85.4
13.8

85.5
13.7

85.0
13.9

85.5
13.9

40.8
22.3
66.2
27.6

41.2
22.8
66.9
28.6

41.4
23.0
67.5
29.2

42.1
23.5
68.3
30.1

41.9
23.9
69.1
31.9

42.2
24. 6
69.5
31.8

41.6
24.6
69.2
32.1

41.6
24.2
70.0
31.8

41.3
24.0
70.4
31.2

41.5
23.5
70.0
26.2

42.2
24.0
69.4
28.1

42.2
24.0
68.5
30.3

41.9
24.2
69.2
30.7

41.0
25.7
68.1
34.4

442.6
45.6
15.1
73.5
31.7
53.8
78.2
144.7

447.9
46.6
15.2
71.0
31.5
57.2
81.1
145.3

450.1
47.3
15.9
69.3
31.2
58.3
82.6
145.5

447.4
47.5
16.4
65.5
31.4
57.7
83.9
145.0

466.8
49.1
17.2
73.4
31.8
59.5
85.7
150.1

494.3
50.0
17. 7
89.1
32.4
60.6
88.6
156.0

505.5
50.6
17.6
96.1
32.5
61.4
89.9
157.4

507.7
50.4
17.5
97.5
32.6
63.4
90.4
155.9

494.8
48.5
16.9
94.3
32.6
62.5
88.6
151.4

468.0
45.9
16.5
83.8
31.4
57.4
86.0
147.0

485.0
47.2
16.9
88.9
31.9
59. 5
88.8
151.8

480.6
47.2
17.1
88.2
31.1
58.1
88.0
150.9

484.9
48.9
17.4
86.4
31.7
60.2
88. 6
151.7

499 3
50.8
18 3
93 2
31 9
63.8
86.5
154.8

A : EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

799

T able A -2 . E m p loyees in nonagricultural establishm ents, b y industry 1— Continued
[In thousands]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Industry
M a y 2 Apr.2 Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

Transportation and public utilities________ 3,883

3,892 3,919
3,954 3,995 4,100 4,123 4,159 4,206 4,215 4,199 4,181 4,156 4,155 4,157
Transportation................................ ........... 2,501 2, 509 2, 530 2, 559 2,595 2, 692 2, 713 2, 747 2, 783 2, 776 2,760 2,762 2,749 2,743 2, 768
Interstate railroads___ _______ ____
956.6 970.0 993.3 1,018.3 1,064. 4 1, 082. 2 1,115.0 1,136.5 1,148. 6 1,139. 8 1,144. 5 1,137.1 1,126.2 1,190. 5
Class I railroads_________________
828.8 840.3 861.9 886.0 918.7 943.5 975. 2 994.8 1,007.2 1,007.7 1,011.9 1, 004. 4 986.3 1.042. 6
Local railways and buslines_________
101.8 102.1 106.4 105.5 105.7 105. 4 107.4 107.6 107.7 107.7 108.0 108.4 107.1 110.6
Trucking and warehousing___ ______ ........... 791.4 801.1 803.9 811.6 847.2 854.9 855.1 854.1 838.3 833.4 829.2 821.0 833.8 807.5
Other transportation and services____
659.4 656.6 654.9 659.1 674.2 670.5 669.4 684.9 681.0 678.8 679.8 682.6 676.3 658.9
Buslines, except local___________
42. 6 42.2
42.1
43.2
43.7
44.2
44.5
46.2
45.8
45.7
45.1
44.0
44.2
42.4
Air transportation (common carrier) _
142.1 142.0 144.7 145.0 144.8 144.6 141.5 147.6 147.6 147.0 146.1 145. 2 144.2 130.5
Communication ................................... ...... 782
783
789
795
800
806
809
808
824
814
824
813
810
810
795
Telephone________________________
743.3 749.3 755.5 759.7 765.0 766.7 766.8 771.8 782.0 781.6 770.0 767.1 768.2 751.2
Telegraph___ ____ ________________
38.5
39.1
39.0
39.9
40.3
40.3
41.5
41.0
41.3
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.5
42.6
Other public utilities________________
600
600
600
600
600
602
602
603
615
609
615
606
597
602
594
Gas and electric utilities____________
574.9 575.3 575.5 576.1 577.8 577.9 578.2 584.1 589.8 589.6 581.5 573.3 577.9 570.1
Electric light and power utilities___
249.8 249.9 250.4 250.6 251.2 251.3 251.3 254. 4 256.9 256.6 253.0 249.3 251.2 247.8
Gas utilities.____________ ______
143.7 143.9 143.9 144.3 144.9 145.1 145.1 146.3 147.5 147.7 146.1 143.7 145.1 144.2
Electric light and gas utilities com­
bined________________ ________
181.4 181.5 181.2 181.2 181.7 181.5 181.8 183.4 185.4 185.3 182.4 180.3 181.6 178.1
Local utilities, not elsewhere classified..
24.7
24.0
24.5
24.0
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.9
24.9
24.5
24.4
23.9
24.2
23.9
W holesale and retail tra d e _______________ 11,280 11,256 11,239 11,244 11,432 12,365 11,840 11,664 11,620 11,499 11,493 11,505 11,411 11,543 11,292
Wholesale trade________________ ____ 3,087 3,101 3,126 3,137 3,162 3,214 3,210 3,200 3,180 3,179 3,166 3,140 3,113 3,154 3,032
Wholesalers, full-service and limited
function___ ________ __________
1,787. 5 1,801. 2 1,806.9 1, 822. 8 1,857. 3 1,854.4 1,844.8 1,837. 7 1, 831. 2 1,825.3 1,807.9 1, 795.8 1. 821 6 1, 767. 5
Automotive______________ ______
125.2 125.2 125.8 125.8 126.3 125.8 126.2 126.3 125.8 125.1 123.7 121.6 123.5 118.8
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
wines, and liq u o rs ..........................
318.6 323.8 323.7 324.6 329.2 328.9 324.7 324.6 320.6 321.2 319.3 315.2 321.1 310.2
Electrical goods, machinery, hard­
ware, and plumbing equipment___
447.2 451. 7 454.6 459.1 463.6 465.3 466.0 465.7 467.4 466.3 464.4 460.9 464.2 456.9
Other full-service and limited-func­
tion wholesalers________________
896.5 900.5 902.8 913.3 938.2 934. 4 927.9 921.1 917.4 917.2 900.5 898.1 912.8 881.6
Wholesale distributors, other________
1,313. 6 1,325. 2 1,329.9 1,339.3 1,357.0 1,355. 4 1, 354. 9 1, 342.2 1,347. 7 1, 340. 3 1,332. 0 1,317.3 1, 332. 8 1, 264.9
Retail trade__ _________ ________ ____ 8,193 8,155 8,113 8,107 8,270 9, 151 8, 630 8, 464 8,440 8,320 8, 327 8,365 8,298 8. 389 8,260
General merchandise stores................ . 1,332.4 1,319.5 1,305. 4 1,291. 4 1,361. 0 1,904. 9 1, 555. 7 1, 447. 4 1, 419.2 1,351. 6 1,346.9 1,379. 8 1,382. 2 l, 437. 7 1,450.7
Department stores and general mail­
order houses...... ...........................
832.4 833.5 831.5 882.7 1, 227. 9 1,014.3 932.7 909.3 874.1 871.1 888.4 885.0 925.4 938.8
487.1 471.9 459.9 478.3 677.0 541.4 514.7 509.9 477. 5 475.8 491 4 497.2 512. 3 611.9
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores______________ 1,631.5 1,630. 7 1, 636.0 1,640.1 1, 636. 8 1,663. 8 1, 649. 5 1, 622.1 1, 613. 7 1, 599. 7 1, 605.8 1, 606. 9 1, 600.7 1,609. 5 1, 553.6
Grocery, meat, and vegetable mar­
kets......................... ..................... .
1,172. 9 1,182. 5 1,183. 7 1,182. 4 1,190. 4 1,181.5 1,156. 6 1,140.1 1,120.9 1,126. 5 1,127.6 1,126. 2 1,137. 5 1, 086.4
Dairy product stores and dealers___ ........... 226.8 225.7 224.9 226.3 227.8 228.7 230.2 237.6 244.4 245. 4 241.9 237.3 234.3 231.9
Other food and liquor stores___ ____
231.0 227.8 231.5 228.1 245.6 239.3 235.3 236.0 234.4 233.9 237.4 237.2 237.7 235.3
Automotive and accessories dealers___ 755.7 758. 4 767.8 778.0 792.1 822.0 809.7 801.6 801.1 805.2 806.5 803.6 798.2 801.1 808.7
Apparel and accessories stores_______
599.3 599.9 592.4 570.6 600.2 739.9 644.3 625.9 614. 7 571.6 580. 7 619.8 621. 7 619.6 616.0
Other retail trade__________________ 3, 874. 4 3,846.3 3,811.5 3,827.3 3, 880. 2 4,020. 0 3, 970. 9 3,967. 0 3, 991. 1 3, 992. 2 3, 987. 4 3, 955.1 3, 895. 5 3, 921.3 3,831. Ó
390.4 392.0 394.4 394.2 414.2 402.3 397.6 392.5 392.4 392.6 392.8 392.2 396.2 395.8
Furniture and appliance stores...........
Drug stores_____________________
369.6 366.9 366.5 378.3 406.7 381.1 380.2 373.5 374.1 376.5 372.4 360.9 370.8 345.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate............... 2,364 2,353 2,344 2,339 2,340 2,349 2,355 2,356 2,361 2,389 2,390 2,359 2,329 2,343 2,306
Banks and trust companies___________
631.1 630.8 629.9 627.7 627.2 626.2 623.4 621.7 629.6 626.0 614. 4 606. 7 615.6 581.9
83.1
Security dealers and exchanges________
84.0
83.8
83.7
83.9
83.9
83.8
84.2
85.6
85.3
83.8
82.8
83.7
82.4
Insurance carriers and ag en ts........... ......
870.4 870.4 868.1 866.7 866.7 865.2 861.6 861.8 867.7 865.0 853.1 845.8 853. 5 821.7
768.2 759.2 756.8 761.6 771.1 779.9 787.1 793.5 805.8 814.0 807.8 793.4 790.2 820.1
Other finance agencies and real estate__
Service and m iscellaneous_______________
6,624 6,557 6,436 6,399 6,396 6,473 6,512 6,547 6,541 6,509 6,524 6,551 6,520 6,457 6,231
Hotels and lodging places_____________
481.2 461.9 462.6 459.3 471.3 479.5 487.9 527.1 597.7 598.0 539.7 512.6 517.0 518.0
Personal services:
Laundries________________________
313.8 314.4 315.0 319.9 322.8 325.0 327.7 329. 5 333.2 337.9 336.5 333.5 330.0 333. 5
Cleaning and dyeing plants_________
158.9 154.9 153. 4 156.6 158.8 161.7 163.6 160. 6 156.1 162.7 167.6 168.0 162.0 164.8
Motion pictures
215.3 206.8 206.3 206.9 211.0 218.3 226.6 232.1 230.5 229.3 228.9 227.0 222.5 226.6
G overnm ent____________________________
7,604 7,580 7,557 7,526 7,488 7,806 7,498 7,473 7,381 7,157 7,157 7,343 7,387 7,380 7,178
Federal8................... ............ ............. ........2,159
2,150 2,141 2,140 2,137 2, 470 2,148 2,156 2, 179 2, 212 2, 219 2, 211 2,202 2,214 2, 2Ó9
5,430 5,416 5,386 5,351 5,336 5,350 5,317 5,202 4, 945 4, 938 5,132 6,185 5,166 4,969
1 Beginning with the July 1957 Issue, the data for 1955-56 shown In this
table are not comparable with those published in previous issues. They have
been revised because of adjustment to first quarter 1956 benchmark levels Indi­
cated by data from government social insurance programs. Comparable data
for earlier years are available upon request. Data for 1956 and 1957 are sub­
ject to revision when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based on establishment reports which cover all full- and
part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked during,
or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the
month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are ex­
cluded.
2 Preliminary; subject to revision without notation.
* Durable goods include: Ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood
products (except furniture); furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass
products; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment); machinery (except
electrical); electrical machinery; transportation equipment; instruments and
related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4 Nondurable goods include: Food and kindred products; tobacco m anu­
factures; textile-mill products; apparel and other finished textile products;
paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chem­
icals and allied products; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products;
and leather and leather products.
8Data for Federal establishments refer to the continental United States;
they relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for, the last
day of the month.
• State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles.” Data not aflected.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source : U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for the Federal Government, which is prepared by the
U. 8. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission.

800

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able A-3. Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average

1957

1958
Industry
M ay 2 Apr .2 Mar.
Mining______________________________
M e ta l____ ________________________
Iron........... ....... ...
Copper___________________________
Trf-ad and zinc
...

598
75. 5
24.3

612
78.1
25.2
23. 5

Feb.
626
79. 6
25.9
23.8

Jan.
644
83.1
27. 7
24. 5
12. 5

22.2
11.6 11.8 12.1
18.1
21.2 22. 5 21. 8

Dec.
667

July

686

1956

93 0
32.6
27. 2
14.1

688

680
02 5
30 0
28 a
14 9

210.8

28.9
208.6

28.3
218. 9

24. 7
216. 7

26. 4
215. 8

245.9

248.2

248. S

258.0

264.7

264.0

260.6

248. 5

253. 5

249.8

125.9

126.0

127.4

133.3

137.7

137.9

136.3

129.5

131.8

130.7

98.1

100.9

102.3

103.0

103.3

101.5

100.9

100 8

99.4

99

206.1

Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production______ ___ _____________ _
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)........ ........... —

224.1

226.9

234.1

240. 4

122.2

122.7

123.9

125.0

94.7

91.9

704
95 5
34 2
28 0
14. 8

1957

25.2
214.8

199.5

699
95.8
34. 3
27.7
14.2

May

12.8

193. 4

694
92.5
34. 4
26.5

June

26. 5
214.2

185.9

92. 8

Aug.

25. 4
214. 5

12.2

680
88. 8
33. 2
24.9
12.4

Sept.

22.4
211.9

25.1
12. 7

24. 3
211.5

89. 8

671
876
32.0
25.1

Oct.

703
94.5
35.0
27.2
13.3

86. 7
30. 6

Anthracite_________________________
Bituminous coal____________________

Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____

Nov.

95 7
33.8
27. 7
14. 8

27 1

5

Manufacturing...._____ ________________ 11,269 11,328 11.549 11,777 12,033 12,458 12,703 12,893 12,992 13,024 12,788 12,955 12,894 12,925 13,196
Durable goods 8
________________ 6, 278 6, 316 6.477 6,631 6, 850 7,136 7, 305 7, 389 7. 397 7, 476 7, 432 7, 603 7,600 7,5)7 7, 659
4, 991 5,012 5,072 5,146 5,183 5,322 5,398 5, 504 5, 595 5,548 5, 356 5, 352 5, 294 5, 408 5,537
Nondurable goods 4......................
65.6
66.9
68.3
Ordnance and accessories_____________
65.7
67.2
69.5
72.7
75.0
76.5
65.1
65.6
74.0
75.8
74.7
83.0
Food and kindred products___________
Meat products
Dairy products____________________
Canning and preserving____________
Grain-mill p r o d u c t s .._____________
Bakery products___________________
Sugar____________________
Confectionery and related products___
Beverages___________________ . . ._
Miscellaneous food products_________
Tobacco manufactures_______________
Cigarettes_______ _
Cigars___________________________
Tobacco and snuff_____ _____ _____
Tobacco stemming and redrying_____

973.4

___
—

68.6

—

Apparel and other finished textile products.................... ................................. . 988.4
M en’s and bovs’ suits and coats______ _____
M en’s and boys' furnishings and work
clothing__ _______________ __ _
Women’s outerw ear__________ _____
Women’s, children’s undergarments__
Millinery________________ _____
Children’s outerwear____________
Fur goods_____________________ . .
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
Other fabricated textile products_____

Furniture and fixtures...............................
Household furniture...............................
Office, public-building, and professional
furniture.—..........................................
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures____________ ______________
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures_____________
See footnotes at end of table.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

132.8
79.0
162.1
20. 6
58.5
109.8
94.6

947.0
234.2
64.3
119.8
79.3
163. 5
19.9
61.7
112.1
92.2

956.4
239 4
62 9
123. 6
79. 4
164 7
21 3
63.3
109 2
92.6

69.5
31.0
27.0
5.4
6.1

73.3
30. 7
28.0
5.4
9.2

77.9
31 0
28 8
5. 3
12.8

837.1 843.9
5.2
5.2
101.5 102.3
372.8 377.6
23.5
24.0
177.2 174. 8
73. 1 72.9
36.0
37. 7
8.5
8.8
39.3
40.6

854.5
53
104 0
381.8
24.1
175.4
74 3
28 9
9.3
42 1

66.1

Textile-mill products_____ ___________ 828.0
Scouring and combing plants___ _
Yarn and thread mills______________
Broad-woven fabric mills___________ _________
Narrow fabrics and small wares______ _________
Knitting mills_____________________ _____
Dyeing and finishing textiles________
Carpels, rugs, other floor coverings
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____ ___
Miscellaneous textile goods.... ...............

Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_____________ ______ _
Logging camps and contractors___
Sawmills and planing mills_____ ____
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products__________
Wooden containers_________________
Miscellaneous wood products________

955.2
231. 7

572.3
_________

_________

281.9

_________

974.2 1,031.9 1, 072. 81,143.2 1, 218.0 1,194. 3 1, 120.2 1, 056. 4 1,004. 2 1, 068. 9 1,105.3
248 7 259. 7 265. 7 264. 2 262.8 259. 2 261 1 257 9 253 2 259. 8 96Q 1
66.9
70 1 75.3
71. 5 69. 6 7 97
63. 0 63. 9 65.0
77.1
76.0
125. 4 144. 1 162.0 228.9 312. 9 292.2 220. 8 164.3 136. 2 182. 1 199 6
82.2
78. 9 79.6
83. 2 82.9
79. 2 77. 5 78. 4 80. 5 83 7
78. 9
165. 2 168. 7 170. 7 171.8 172.0 172. 8 173. 1 171. 6 169. 4 170. 3 172 1
37. 6 42. 4 37. 9 24.5
23. 6 22 7 22 0 19. 8 26. 8 96 5
27 9
64.4
71.3
69.2
69. 7 71.3
57.4
59.9
59.6
64.6
63.7
64!8
109 8 116. 6 120.2 122. 3 124.9 125. 2 130.0 127 1 120 9 119. 8
95.9
98.4
98.7
92.7
97.7
95.4
98.8 100. 1 95.2
91.6
96! 0
85.9
98.4
90.4
94.0
86.6
70.8
73. 2 72.8
82.2
82.2
88.7
31 2 31. 2 31. 2 30. 6 31. 2 31.1
29 6 29 8 29 3 30. 3
30.9
31.1
30.6
30.3
28. 4 30. 9 31. 2 30. 9 39 8
28. 9 30.3
5.4
5.5
5. 5
5.5
5. 4
5.3
5. 6
5.6
5. 5
5Q
5. 4
18.4
26.8
31,1
23.5
19.7
7.5
6.9
6.7
15.5
16.7
19.3
860.0
50
104 9
385.1
24.2
174.0
74 3
9.3
44.0

883.6
4. 9
107.0
391.7
24.8
183. 7
75. 6
40. 0
9.5
46.4

893.3
4.6
107.1
391.3
25.0
191.7
76.7
40.0
9.3
47.6

906.2
5. 2
108. 4
396. 5
25. 6
195.3
77. 2
41 4
9.0
47.6

911.6 911.4
57
60
109. 2 107. 3
398 9 400.2
25.8
25. 4
196.5 197.2
77.4
77.0
41. 4 41 1
8.6
8.9
48.1
48.3

895.4
58
106.0
396.0
24.8
191. 2
75 2
40 3
9.0
47.1

912.9
62
108 7
401.4
25.4
196. 7
76 7
40 2
9.4
48 2

911.2
59
109 2
401.9
25.6
193 2
76 5
41 9
8.8
48 2

912.0
57
108 9
402.4
25.5
192.4
76 9
42 2
9.3
48.7

965.6
63
113 9
430!0
26.2
200.7
10 8
52.0

994.6 1, 024. 4 1,057.0 1,042. 9 1,059. 7 1, 070. 7 1, 075. 2 1, 083. 7 1,083. 5 1,023. 8 1, 044. 7 1,039 0 1, 068. 5 1,083.3
92.4 100.9 102.5 102. 1 104.0 102.7 106.1 109.0 108.8 104.7 110.0 108.1 108 7 111.8
266.2
300.2
104.8
12.4
63.8
7. 5
52.6
94.7

274.8
298. 8
106.5
17. 4
67.7
8.1
53.9
96.3

276.5
321.3
106.7
18. 7
71.1
8.4
54.0
97.8

271. 0
315. 6
106.5
15. 2
70. 0
8. 5
54.3
99. 7

276. 6 282.1
316. 9 313.9
108. 5 111. 1
14 1 13 2
68 0 69. 9
9. 7
9 1
58.2
56.9
105.6 109.9

285. 7
306 6
111 3
16 2
70. 6
99
58.4
110.4

288. 4 286 0
313. 6 318 0
111. 1 108.9
17. 3
17 3
71.1
71 6
9. 8
89
57.2
58.0
105.4 106.8

277 5
289 1
102.6
13 8
70 2
92
54.7
102.0

282 2
295 8
106. 0
11 P
70 6
04
55. 2
103.6

549.8
64.2
297.5

546.5
63.5
296.0

547.7
64.2
295.5

557.6
65.6
300.0

580.8
71.0
312.7

602.1
77.0
323.4

622.7
84,6
330.9

630.9
81.6
338.5

644.6
88.2
346.1

645.3
94.8
342.6

658.9 638.0
103. 1 92.6
345.5 337.6

617.2
80.5
330.3

672.2
96.6
358.0

102.4
41.0
44. 7

100.7
41.2
45.1

103.0
40. 0
45.0

103.9
42. 5
45. 6

106.2
43. 6
47. 3

109.1
44. 5
48.1

112.6
45. 7
48. 9

114.5
46. 3
50. 0

114.8
45.4
50.1

112.1
45. 8
60.0

111.5
48 2
50 6

108.8
48 2
50 8

109.7
46 6
50 1

115.0
50 6
59 0

280.9
206.0

287.7
211.1

293.2
215.0

296.5
218.2

306.8
225.4

311.6
228.9

316.9
231.2

318.9
231.6

316.6
229.9

308.6
222.9

311.0
225.0

307. 5
222.5

312.3
226.9

318.5
230.4
38.9

278 8 281 4
296 9 313 9
107.9 109.0 108.9
13 1 16 1
66 8
68 Q
89
s' 8
54.0
55.9
57.0
105.0 106.5 108.2

32.8

33.2

33 5

33. 8

34.5

35.3

36.6

37.8

38.0

37.4

37.8

37.5

37.3

25.4

25. 7

26 7

26.5

27.5

27. 5

28.8

29. 5

29.2

29 1

28.9

28.6

28.5

28.6

16.7

17.7

18.0

18.0

19.4

19.9

20.3

20.0

19.5

19.2

19.3

18.9

19.6

20,6

A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

801

T able A -3 . Production workers in m ining and m anufacturing industries 1— Continued
[In thousands]
1958

Industry

M ay 2 Apr .2 Mar.
Manufacturing—Continued
Paper and allied products___ _______
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes___
Other paper and allied products___

443.6

Printing, publishing, and allied industries.
Newspapers______________________
Periodicals_____________
Books.. . .
Commercial printing__________ .
Lithography . _
Greeting cards__
Bookbinding and related industries
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services ____ _____ ______ _

552.2

Chemicals and allied products_________
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals_________
Drugs and medicines..............................
8oap, cleaning and polishing preparatlons............... .....
............. . .
Paints, pigments, and fillers_________
Gum and wood chemicals___________
Fertilizers
Vegetable and animal oils and fats.. .
Miscellaneous chemicals_______ ____ _

498.4

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

445.8
223.2

447.8
222.7
121.9
103.2

450.0
223.4

552.9
158.7
26.0
32.6
183.8
45.6

554.9
159.1
25.6
33.0
184.4
45.9
10.7
34.8

553.5 556.8 563.5 565.7
158. 8 159.3 161.8 161.5
25.5
25.3
25.5
25.7
33.3
33.4
33.6
33.7
183.8 185 9 188.9 187.5
45.7
45.7
47.5
47.9
10 9 10 8 11.6 13.8
35.4
34.5
35.0
36.0

120.6
102.0

11.2

34.2

Annual
average

1957

122.8

103.8

456.2
225.9
125.9
104.4

465.8
228.6
130.9
106.3

468.6
229.2
133.1
106.3

Oct.
470.4
228.6
132.8
109.0

Sept.

468.9
228.6
131.3
109.0

566.8 563.3
160.4 159.8
25.8
25.3
33.9
34 0
188.2 186.9
48. 1 47.6
13 8 13.2
37.5
37.8

Aug.

465.1
229.1
128.2
107.8

July

459.0
226. 6
125.6
106. 8

553.1 552. 2
156. 4 157. 1
24.1
24 1
33. 5 33. 7
185.0 184. 4
47.2
47. 0
12.5
12. 3
36. 6 36.3

June

468.9
232 8
128.0
108. 1

May

1957

1956

464. 9
230 0
126. 7
108. 2

466. 4
229 8
128. 6
108 0

465.2
230 4
128.0
106 8

556.0 554.9 558. 9 551.1
159.3 159.3 159. 0 156 0
24.9
24.2
25. 2
27. 7
34. 1 34. 2 34 2 33 1
184. 1 183. 4 185 3 180 6
47.1
47.4
5 47 6
12. 6 11.6 47
12 2 13 6
37. 1 36.9
36.9
37.2

6

60.8

61.4

61.0

61.0

69.4

59.8

59.1

58.7

57.8

57.3

57.2

511.0

184.3
61.5

66.6

508.1
67.3
184.4
61.3

507.9
67.9
187.8
60.9

514.7
68.9
191.9
61.4

522.6
69.5
195.3
62.5

528.0
70.2
196.6
62.3

532.3
71.4
196.9
61.4

533.1
71. 7
200. 4
60.7

529. 5
72.1
200. 9
60.3

528.8
72.0
203 3
59.9

534.7
73.0
205.8
59. 2

29.4
43.8

29.9
44.3

30 0
44.4

30.1
45.0

31.1
45.4

36.5
23.5
58.8

31.2
24.3
58.8

25.8
25.2
59.3

24.8
26.8
59.2

30.4
45.2
6.7
23.3
28.7
61.0

23.5
29.8
62.5

31.5
46 5
7.2
24.9
29.8
62.7

31.8
47.4
7.4
24.2
27.3
62.2

31.5
48.0
7.5

31.0
48.5
7.4

24.7
62.3

23 7
61.4

30.7
47.7
7.2
24.4
24.4
62.3

30 4
47 5
7.3
33 3
24.9
62.2

31. 0
47.1
7.2
26 7
27 0
61.9

30.4
47.3
7.1
27 3
28.3
62.8

163.3

163.7
128.1

162.5
127.9

164. 7
128.4

167.0
129.7

169.1
130.3

171.4
130.6

173.0
131.2

175.0
132.8

175.1
133.4

174.8
133.0

175.3
133.3

174.0
132.9

173.1
132 2

173. 8
132. 2

35.6

34.6

36.3

37.3

38.8

40.8

41.8

42.2

41.7

41.8

42.0

41. 1

40 9

41.6

Rubber products____ ________________ 172.2
Tires and Inner tubes
Rubber footwear
Other rubber products_______ ______ ...........

175.4
71.8
16.7
86.9

183.6
76.0
16.9
90.7

191.0
78.5
17.2
95.3

200.4 207.3
81 6 83.6
17.6
17.9
101.2 105.8

209.0
84.0
18.0
107.0

209.5
84.4
17.7
107.4

206.4
84 4
17.6
104.4

204.3
84.2
17.2
102.9

303.3

306.3
33.0
3.4
16.3

326.8
34.2
3.7
17.0
215.8
13.3
31.1
11.7

332.9
34.8
4.1
18.0

328.9
35.2
4.2
18.0
219.7
13.3
28.1
10.4

332.0 333.0
35.6
35.9
4.2
4.2
17.9
17.4
217.8 214.5
13. 8 14.3
31.7
30.7
12.0 15.0

333.6
36.0
4.0
17.3
215.1
14.6
31.4
15.2

336.1
36.3
4.0
17.1
217.8
14. 5
30.6
15.8

341.1 331.6 332.7 324.8 334.6
36 0 36.4
36. 8 36 0 36.7
3.9
39
3.8
3.9
4.0
17 6 17 7
17.8
17.7
17.8
221.8 218.9 219.0 213.8
218.6
14. L 14. 3
14. 9 14 2 14. 4
30.3
24.7
25. 7 25.8
29.0
14. 7 14.6
15.7
15.2
15.1

340.8
38.4
4.0
18.0
221.5
14. 2
29.7
15.0

21.6
74.7
11.1

403.4
25.6
75.2

_________

33.0
60.8
39.4

398.8
22.5
75.5
11.3
31.9
59.9
40.1

448.3
29.4
81.9
13.5
35.5
70.6
43.7

455.5
29.0
82.5
14.1
35.6
72.1
43 7

460.8
28.0
84 0
13.8
36.1
73.6
44.2

459.3 442 6 459.3 456. 2 452.2
27. 5 27 2 27. 1 27. 4 28 5
83.8
81. 7 81.0
79.9
83.0
13.9
13 8 13.9
13 7
13.8
34. 8 23.0
35. 7 34 3
34.6
73.3
73. 7 73.4
70.8
71.3
43.5
44.5
42.8
45.3
44.9

469.6
30 6
80.4
14.8
36 5
77.0
48.1

_________

87.8
15.7

85.5
15.2

84.0
15.0

Products of petroleum and coal...............
Petroleum refining
Coke, other petroleum and coal products
. -

Leather and leather products__________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings
Footwear (except rubber)_______ I ___
Luggage _
Handbags and small leather goods____
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
Stone, clay, and glass products.................
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic .
Structural clay products____________
Pottery and related products________
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products __
Cut-stone and stone products.......... .
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products______
Primary metal industries_____________
Blast furnaces, steelworks, and rolling
mills .
Iron and steel foundries_____________
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals______
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals _____
Nonferrous foundries________ .
Miscellaneous primary metal Industries __
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)_____________
Tin cans and other tinware__________
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers' supplies___________
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal «tamping, coating, and engraving..
Lighting fixtures .
Fabricated wire products___________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal product».
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

_________
_________

6.6

—

20
1.6
13.4

_________

402.5

___

842.1

751.0
_________

_________

26.7
11.9

399.1

6.6

6.6

220.1
13.3
31.3
11.3

12.1

32.1
60.5
40.5

6.6

413. 8 435.0
27.7
29.5
74.8
78.0
12.5
13.4
33.1
34.9
63.1
68.3
40.7
42.5

6.6

22.2 21.6

57.5

58

644.3 538. 0
73.2
72.4
206. 7 204.7
58.8
60.0

65 3
551.6
75.0
215.6
57.8

199.8 196.8 204.2 205. 6 211.1
84.9
83. 9 78.2
83 4 85. 2
17.3
16. 8 17.4
17 6 19 8
99.1 101.2 102.0 104.6 106.1

85.4
15.3

89.0
15.9

93.1
16.1

96. 4
16.7

98.0
16.6

98.5
16.6

99 0
16.6

99.1
16.4

97.3
16.7

61.2

63.5

6-1.5

65.4

66.5

67.0

67.0

67.5

67.5

94. Q
16.5

96. 3
17.0

669 689

55.0

56.9

58.4

848.0

883.6

910.6

956. 5 1,004.0 1, 028. 5 1, 049.2 1,061.0 1,077.3 1, 075 3 1,092.5 1,092. 61.078.9 1, 096.0

409.7
159.0

427.4
165.4

440.7
172.9

462 7
181.6

492.8
186.9

509.1
187.5

523.2
190.8

43.3

45.0

46.7

49.3

50.3

50.9

8.7

8.9

9.0

9.4

9.8

75.2
48.9

75.9
51.2

76.5
52.0

80.0
54.8

103.2

109.8

112.8

760.9
45.6
94.0

780.8
45.3

82.2

82.9
223.6
154.1
35.1
42.2
97.0

221.2
149.1
33.5
40.6
94.7

100.6

534.1
187.6

540.6
194.1

542. 5
193.1

546.6
197.9

546. 4
198.4

637 9
196.4

50.7

52.0

52.7

52.6

53.5

53.9

53.1

54.2

9.9

10. 4

10.5

10.3

10. 5

10.6

10.7

10.6

10.7

82.8
58.1

84.7
60.5

83.0
62.9

84.1
62.1

62.3

85.1
61.5

87.4
63.2

87.2
63.3

85 9
63.9

92.6
65.8

118.7

123.3

125.9

128.2

130.6

130.7

130.0

133.4

132.7

131.1

129.8

799.5
45.0
104.7

833.2
43.7

868.1
44.1
116.9

887.4
45.6
117.6

889.4
48.1
115.6

878.1
51.5
111.3

878.4
53.1
109.0

868.6
52 5
107.2

886.5
51.0
111. 4

882.9
49.3
113.4

886.2

81.9
227.0
161. 4
36.5
42.9

82.4
83.1
236.4 244.3
172.2 183.8
38.2
41.6
45. C 46.5
104.1 107.8

85.0
247.5
190.2
43.4
47.4
110.7

83.8
251.2
187.8
43.5
47.3

84.0
252.0
177.2
42.3
47.7

86.7
249.7
179.7
40.9
48.1

83.7
247.7
181.0
39.8
48.1
108.6

85.2
249.7
187.8
40.2
48.8
112.4

85.3
243.4
189.1
40.6
49.2

84.4
244.7
189.9
42.0
49.3
111.9

100.1

111.2

86.6

112.1 112.1 111.2

112.6

532 9

210.0

888.4
49. 1 50.5
114. 9 120.3
94.1
226.1
193.9
40.7
51.2

111.6

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

802

T able A -3 . Production workers in m ining and m anufacturing industries 1— C ontinued
[In thousands]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Industry
May 3 A pr.3 Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)__________ 1,005. 5 1,027.2 1, 053.1 1,071.7 1, 097. 4 1,121.8 1,141. 3 1,166. 4 1,185. 8 1,180.3 1, 206. 6 1, 238. 6 1,255. 4 1,221.4 1,267.9
53.7
55.4
Engines and turbines_______________
56.7
56.9
57.5
57.0
56. 9 57. 4 56.9
59.2
59. 5 58. 8
57.0
57.9
98.4
Agricultural machinery and tractors__
98.7
99.3
96. 3 95.7
95.7 100.6 100 4 100 1 101 4 104.3 106 5 105 0 108.6
Construction and mining machinery ..
85.5
88.5
97.0 101.6 105. 7 106. 2 107.7 109.1 110. 8 107.1 111. 1
82.3
91.1
93.5
Metalworking m achinery...........
164.8 169.9 174.5 182.8 188.8 193.6 200.0 207.2 207.9 213.9 220.2 222.6 212.9 217.2
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)_________
108.5 110.4 113.9 116.6 118.9 120.4 122.3 122.7 121.0 124.3 127.9 128.0 125.6 133.5
148.3 154.0 156.7 161.9 164.8 165.9 168.7 170.7 169.2 172.6 174.1 174.5 172.8 174.3
General industrial m achinery...............
77.2
Office and store machines and devices..
77.6
85.1
97.2
77.3
80.2
88.7
92.0
98.5
93. 3 92.7
92.9
94.2
95.0
Service-industry and household machines__________________________
116.7 118.9 119.3 119.2 118.6 119.5 119.0 120.4 118 4 127 4 133.4 140.6 132 9 157.4
176.9 182.1 186.5 192.4 198.9 203.5 205.2 208.5 207.4 209.5 213.2 214.4 211.3 214.3
Miscellaneous machinery parts............. —
Electrical machinery........................ ..........
Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus...
Electrical appliances_____ I_~,________
Insulated wire and cable..___ ______
Electrical equipment for vehicles_____
Electric lamps_____________________
Communication equipment_________
Miscellaneous electrical products_____

719.7

728.7

747.3

765.1

792.4

823.8

851.8

869.1

878.9

861.1

847.5

854.9

847.3

860.1

871.3

242.1
31.6
17.3
45. 5
21.5
338.5
32.2

249.9
31.7
17.8
49.0
22.4
343.8
32.7

256.5
32.3
18.2
51.3
23.2
350.8
32.8

264.9
33.6
18.8
55. 8
23.8
362.0
33.5

272.7
35.5
19.2
59.0
24.2
378. 7
34.5

276.3
37.5
19.8
59. 4
24.2
398.0
36.6

278.4
37.8
20.1
58.0
24. 4
413.0
36.5

283. 5
37.1
20.2
58. 2
24. 5
417. 9
37. 5

278.9
35.3
20.0
56. 3
24.3
409.2
37.1

280.9
35.9
19.9
56 5
24.5
393 7
36.1

286.7
35.6
19.9
57. 6
24. 5
394.2
36.4

290.1
36.6
19.8
55 8
24. 8
384 6
35 6

287. 5
37.7
20.1
59 3
24 6
394 9
36.0

297.3
41.8
20.8
5fi. O
23.9
392 0
36.5

Transportation equipment........................ 1,093. 7 1,105.3 1,156.8 1,213.8 1,275. 8 1, 341.7 1,349.9 1,321. 3 1,277. 8 1,363.0 1,373.0 1, 415. 2 1,434. 8 1, 402. 2 1,358.3
457.1 500.4 553.7 608.7 661.0 649.7 590.2 531.2 610.3 602.6 632.4 651.9 645.7 651.8
Motor vehicles and equipm ent*...........
Aircraft an d p a r ts
485.8 489.8 491,2 497.6 505.8 519. 4 548. 7 560. 6 573. 5 585. 0 593.9 598 3 574 6 540. 8
298.9 301.2 300.2 302.7 307.1 315.4 334.8 341.0 351.4 357.8 363.2 366 8 350. 9 329. 8
Aircraft_________________________
86.4
88.0
Aircraft engines and parts............... .
86.7
90.4
92.9
95.4 100.3 102. 9 104.5 109.0 112.3 113 2 108.2 104.4
13.7
14.0
14 1 14 0 13.9
Aircraft propellers and parts_______
13.8
14.2
13.9
13.7
14. 4 14.2
13 9
14 0
11.3
89.0
86.8
88.1
91.9
99.5 102. 7 103.7 103 8 104.2 104 4 101 5 95.3
Other aircraft parts and eq u ip m en t__
90.3
94.9
Ship and boat building and repairing..
118.5 119.6 121.1 120.5 123.6 125. 3 124.1 125. 4 124. 7 125. 5 128.0 125 8 124 4 110.5
Shipbuilding and repairing________
104.2 105.5 106.3 105.9 109.0 111.2 110.6 112.3 111.6 111.4 111.9 109.1 109.1
94.1
14.1
13.5
14.3
14.8
14.6
14.6
14.1
Boatbuilding and repairing...............
14.1
16.1
13.1
13.1
16.7
16.4
15.3
40.2
41.4
37.5
43.2
44.5
49.5
Railroad equipm ent...............................
47.4
51.5
45.6
52.0
52.7
50.8
49.6
47.0
6.4
6.4
6.8
6.8
8.1
8.8
Other transportation equipment_____ —
5.8
8.2
9.1
8.9
7.9
8.0
7.9
8.2
Instruments and related products. —.......
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
Instruments_____________________
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments_____________________
Optical instruments and lenses______
Surgical, medical, and dental instruments__________________________
Ophthalmic goods. _______________
Photographic apparatus_________

201.6

W a tc h e s and c lo c k s

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 341.6
Jewelry, silverware, and plated w are...
Musical Instruments and*parts_______
Toys and sporting goods........................ _
Pens, pencils, other office supplies........ _
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastics products_________
Other manufacturing industries______ ...........

203.1

206.8

209.9

213.9

219.4

221.8

223.4

225.1

225.2

220.6

224.0

226.1

225.4

230.3

36.4

36.9

37.5

38.0

38.7

38.8

39.4

40.0

41.0

42.0

42.2

42.3

41.4

39.1

51.3
9.1

52.1
9.1

52.6
9.4

53.2
9.8

54.6
10.3

55.8
10.2

56.9
10.2

57.6
10. 2

57.7
10.1

57.7
10.2

58.3
10.2

58.5
10. 2

58.0
10.3

59.9
10.0

26.8
17.2
40.1
22.2

27.2
17.6
40.7
23.2

27.5
17.7
41.5
23.7

27.9
18.2
42.3
24.5

28.5
18.6
42.6
26.1

28.8
19. 4
42.7
26.1

28.4
19.3
42.6
26.6

28. 3
18.9
43. 7
26. 4

28.0
18.7
43. 9
25.8

28.4
18.3
43. 5
20.5

29.0
18.7
43 5
22.1

29. 1
18. 8
42 9
24.3

28.8
18.9
43 1
24. 9

28. 5
20.3
43.9
28.0

345.7
35.4
12.5
59.9
23.1
42.5
59.7
112.6

349.7
36.2
12.6
57.3
22.8
45.5
62.4
112.9

350.7
36.8
13.4
55.6
22.3
46.5
63.3
112.8

347.3
36.9
13.9
51.8
22.6
45.6
64. 5
112.0

367.7
38.5
14.6
59.6
23.6
47.1
66.6
117.7

394.1
39.5
15.1
75.4
24.1
48.1
68.9
123.0

405.4
40.0
15.1
81.8
24.5
49.0
70.2
124.8

407.3
39. 7
15.0
82.9
24.7
51. 0
70.5
123.5

394.9
38. 0
14.5
79.6
24.7
50.5
68.3
119.3

382.7 386.1
36. 7 38 3
14.3
14.7
73.4
72.0
23.2
23.7
46. 6 48.3
68.8
69.2
119.7 119.9

403.6
40. 6
15.5
78.3
23.8
51.7
69.5
124.1

1 For coverage of the series and comparability of data with those published
In issues prior to July 1957, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper­
visor y workers (Including leadmen and trainees) engaged In fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing,
warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services,
product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e. g., power


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369.4 386.1
35. 7 36.8
13.7
14.0
69.7
74.5
23.5
24.0
45.7
47.6
65.8
69.2
115.3 120.0

plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the
aforementioned production operations.
* Preliminary; subject to revision without notation.
* See footnote 3, table A-2.
4 See footnote 4, table A-2.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles." Data not affected.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

803

T able A-4. Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in manufacturing1
[1947-49=100]
Employ­
ment

Period
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:

Average_____ _____ _
Average...... ..................
Average.... ....................
Average. .............. ......
Average___________
Average...... ..................
Average___ ________
Average____________
Average____________
Average____________
Average____________

Employ­
ment

Weekly
payrolls

Average.........................
Average____________
A verage.......................
Average... ________
Average. _____ _____
A verage.......................
Average........ ............. .
Average____________

99.6
106.4
106.3
111.8
101.8
105.6
106.7
104.5

111.7
129.8
136.6
151.4
137.7
152.9
161.4
162.7

1957: M ay..............................
June...............................

104.2
104.7

161.0
163.8

Weekly
payrolls

66.2
71.2
87.9
103.9
121.4
118.1
104.0
97.9
103.4
102.8
93.8

29.9
34.0
49. 3
72.2
99.0
102.8
87.8
81. 2
97.7
105.1
97.2

Period

1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:

i For coverage of the series and comparability of data with those published
In issues prior to July 1957, see footnote 1, tables A-2 and A-3.
• Preliminary.

Employ­ Weekly
payrolls
ment

Period

160.5

July..............................
August_____________
September__________
October.........................
November-------- ------December___________

103.4
105.3
105.0
104.2
102.7
100. 7

164.7
164.7
162.6
160.9
157.4

January.........................
February___________
M arch______________
A pril2______________
M a y 2.......................... .

9 7 .3
95 .2
93 .4
91 .6
9 1 .2

149.3
145.0
143.7
139.8
139.8

N oth : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source : U. S. Department- of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able A -5 . G overn m ent civilian em ploym ent and Federal m ilitary p erso n n el1
[In thousands]

Apr.
T o ta l civilian em ploym e n t2________________ 7,580

Mar.

7,557

Annual average

1957

1958

Item

Feb.

7, 526

Jan.

7,488

Dec.
7,806

Nov.
7,498

Oct.
7,473

Sept.
7,381

Aug.

7,157

July

7,157

June
7,343

2, 211
2,141
2,179
2, 212 2,219
2,470
2,156
Federal employment______ 2,150
2,140
2,137
2,148
Executive____________ 2,123. 5 2,114. 7 2,113.3 2,110. 5 2, 443.4 2,120.9 2,128.9 2,152. 7 2,184. 7 2,192.0 2,184. 4
Department of De956.9
995.3 1,018.1 1,023. 4 1,023.0
953.8
952.3
954.5
961.2
971.5
fetise_____ _____
953.6
Post Office Depart518.7
523.7
621.4
531.1
526.6
521.9
532.8
532.9
864.6
533.8
ment ____ _____ 530.5
642.7
626.9
633.7
647.2
629.8
624.3
625.9
630.8
644.7
Ot her agencies......... 636.1
625.3
22. 1
22.3
22.3
22.3
21.9
21.9
21.9
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.0
Legislative................... .
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
Judicial......................... .
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
District of Columbia 8. ..
Executive................ ......
Department of Defense___________
Post Office Department _________
Other agencies____
Legislative___________
Judicial_____________
State and local employment *.............................. .
State_______________
Local..................... .........
E d ucation........... ..........
Other_______________

Apr.

*7,387 •7, 376

1957
7,380

1956
7,178

2,209
2,202 2, 205 2,214
2,175. 8 2,178. 6 2,187.6 2, 183.1
1,021.1 1,025. 2 1,007.6 1, 034.1
522.3
632.4
21.9
4.5

521.8
631.0
21. 9
4. 5

548.6
631.4
22.0
4.6

535.3
613.7
21.9
4.3

225.6
204.7

225.3
204.5

224.3
203.6

224.7
203.8

232.4
211.6

230.4
209.5

231. 0
210.2

231.5
210.6

235. 4
214.3

237.0
215.9

236.3
215.2

232.1
211.3

232.8
212.0

233.1
212.2

231.2
210.3

77.9

77.8

77.7

77.8

78.5

83.6

84.3

85.3

87.3

88.3

88.2

87.0

87. 3

86.1

88.6

9.8
117.0
20.1
.8

9.8
116.9
20.0
.8

9.3
116.6
20.0
.7

9.3
116.7
20.2
.7

16.7
116.4
20.1
.7

9.2
116.7
20.2
.7

9. 1
116.8
20.1
.7

9.0
116.3
20.2
.7

8.9
118.1
20.4
.7

8.8
118.8
20.4
.7

8.9
118. 1
20.4
.7

8.9
115.4
20.1
.7

9.0
115. 7
20.1
.7

9.6
116. 5
20.2
.7

9.3
112.4
20.2
.7

5,430
1,405.8
4,024. 5
2, 497.3
2,933.1

5, 416
11,402.7
4, 013. 7
2, 511. 9
2,904.3

5,386
1, 392. 7
3,992. 9
2,498. 2
2,887. 4

5,351
1,384. 9
3,965. 8
2, 469.4
2,881. 3

5, 336
1,368. 7
3, 967.6
2, 471.4
2, 864.9

5,350
1,367. 6
3, 982. 0
2, 484.8
2,864.8

5,317
1,359.8
3, 957.1
2, 448.9
2,868.0

5, 202
1,322.8
3, 878. 9
2,296. 5
2,905. 2

4,945
1, 288. 7
3, 656. 3
1,988. 9
2, 956.1

4, 938
1.298.5
3. 639. 8
1,982.3
2, 956.0

5, 132 *5,185 *5,171 5,166
1, 340. 3 1, 344. 7 1, 340.7 1, 335. 6
3, 791. 3 *3, 840. 0 *3, 830 1 3. 830. 7
2, 216. 5 2, 342. 6 2, 350. 8 2, 301.2
2,915.1 *2,842.1 •2,820.0 2, 865.1

4,969
1, 281. 5
3, 687. 3
2, 178.6
2, 790. 2

2,652

2,647

2,643

2,647

2,690

2, 729

2,789

2, 819

2,839

2, 826

Total military personnel 4.__ 2,637
A rm y._____ _________
Air Force____________
N avy____ __________
Marine Corps........ ........
Coast Guard_________

May

905.6
873.8
641.3
187.2
29.5

911.6
875.7
642.9
192.8
29.4

906.9
877.8
639. 8
193.3
29.5

909.6
877.0
633.6
193.0
29.9

918.1
878.7
629.6
190.7
30.0

935. 9
890 9
639.1
193.5
30.2

• For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to July
1967, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Data for Federal establishments relate to persons who worked on, or
received pay for, the last day of the month. Those for State and local govern­
ment relate to employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part
Of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
Because oi rounding, the sums of individual items may not equal totals.
2 Data refer to the continental United States only.
* Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard M et­
ropolitan Area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia
oounties).


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

955. 3
902.1
646.8
194.9
30.3

980.3
916.7
663.1
198.0
30.4

992.4 1,001.3
922.2
920.8
685.5
674.7
199.1
200.7
30.5
30.5

998.0
919.8
677.1
200.9
29.9

2, 820

2. 821

2,786

2,848

1,000.2 1,001.1 981.2 1,030.1
916.4
916.1
914.8 910.9
672.7
675.9
678.0 666.7
200.4
197.4
197.7 197.5
28.8
29. 5 29.9
29.7

« Excludes, as nominal employees, elected officials of small local units and
paid volunteer firemen.
4 Data refer to the continental United States and elsewhere.
•Revised.
S o u e c b : Federal civilian employment, U. S. Civil Service Commission:
State and local government employment, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau
of Labor Statistics; military personnel, U. S. Department of Defense, Office
of the Secretary.

804

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able A -8 . Insured u nem p loym en t under S tate programs and the program of unem ploym ent com pen­
sation for Federal em ployees,1 by geographic division and State
[In thousands]
1958

Geographic division and State
Apr.

Mar.

1957

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Annual average

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Continental United States__________ 3,302.3 3, 275. 5 3,163.1 2,877.0 2,111.7 1, 513.1 1, 236. 9 1,166. 7 1,150. 7 1, 284.6 1, 251. 2 1,349. 7 1, 475. 4
263.3 251.9 240.2 235.7 182.8 128.7 104.6
New England______ ______ _______
95.0
98.2 110.1
98.3 113.7 122.9
Maine________ _______________
21.8
22.2
18.5
14.1
30. C 24.7
10.3
8.8
7.7
7.8
7.6
11.0
13 3
15.3
12.5
10.5
8.2
New Ham pshire.—.......................
10.6
5.7
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.4
6.3
6.6
7.0
Vermont_____ ____ ____________
5.4
5.9
6.8
6.9
6.5
3.6
2.6
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.3
1.9
2.7
Massachusetts_____ ______ _____ 121.7 119.7 113.9 112.1
92.0
63. C 50.9
45.9
53.4
50.2
47.6
57.2
69.8
26.9
27.2
27.0
20.4
Rhode Island__________________
27.0
14.5
12.2
17.2
11.0
14.3
13.8
17.2
18.9
Connecticut___________________
38.4
63.5
61.1
60.0
57.2
27.9
23.7
20.4
24.2
18.8
24.0
19.5
21.2

1957

1956

1,465. 8
121.9
11 0
6.0
2.8
61.4
16. 5
24.2

1,225.2
86.7
8.2
6.4
1.8
41.7
12.0
16.5

Middle Atlantic.................................... .
New York......... ...............................
New Jersey___________________
Pennsylvania....... ............................

885.1
391.4
150.3
343.5

865.8
381.2
149.4
335.2

831.8
364.5
145.5
321.8

794.3
348.2
141.8
304.3

605. 4
272.2
107.3
225.9

423.7
184.2
75.6
163.9

358.9
147.8
69.4
141.8

326.7
132.4
63.0
131.2

343.7
140. 7
66.7
136.3

405.2
183.1
77.1
145.1

390.3
183.8
71. 2
135.3

411 6
190 5
77 2
143.9

429.4
191.7
81.1
156.5

427.6
189 3
80. 5
157. 9

370.8
165.4
67.6
137.8

East North C entral..................... ..........
Ohio_____ _______ ____________
Indiana_____ ________________
Illin o is .._______ ______________
Michigan____________________
Wisconsin_____________________

838.3
223.1
89.8
176.8
296.4
52.1

800.7
212.3
88.3
176.3
267. 2
56. 5

742.4
202.0
87.9
168.0
231.3
53.2

631.6
166.4
76.4
151.7
188.7
48.4

419.0
118. 1
47.3
81.8
133.9
38.0

295.0
79.6
33. 9
61.5
94. 2
25.8

256.9
57.3
26. 5
53.8
101. 5
17.9

277.8
52.3
26 9
52.7
129 8
16.2

234.4
50.7
26 5
61.1
79 2
16.9

248.7
52.6
28 0
63.1
87 1
17.8

252.3
54.0
28. 7
70.5
81 2
17.8

254.8
55.3
31 8
67 0
81 4
19.3

272.3
62.4
33 7
68Ü
84 8
23.3

283. 8
65.6
33 fi
68.2
Q3 2
23.2

257.5
47.5
31 %
59.6
ion ft
19.0

West North Central________________
Minnesota_______ _____________
Iowa___ ______________________
Missouri________ _____ _______
North D akota.............................. .
South Dakota ................. .............. .
Nebraska______ __________ ....
Kansas_______ _______________

167.2
53.6
15.9
64.4
4.6
2.6
8.5
17.6

188.2
58.1
20.9
63.7
7.5
4.3
12.4
21.2

185.2
56.0
22.8
61.2
7.9
4.5
12.4
20.3

162.1
50.1
18.8
56.2
6.7
3.8
10.1
16.6

111.7
34.0
12.0
41.3
4.2
2.4
6.5
11.3

71.7
18.9
7.1
30.6
1.8
1.1
3.9
8.2

55.0
12.4
5.2
27.7
.5
.5
2.6
6.1

46.5
9.8
5.0
22.9
.3
.4
2.4
5.6

45.2
11.3
5.8
19.8
.4
.5
2.6
4.9

51.1
12.1
6.2
23.1
.4
.5
3.0
6.8

58.8
13.5
6.3
28.3
.6
.5
3.1
6.6

69.6
18.7
7.2
29.9
1.0
.8
4.3
7.6

96.0
32.1
9.6
32.0
3.4
2. 1
6.9
10.0

80.0
22.6
8.9
30.3
2. 4
1.7
5.4
8.6

71.9
19.8
7.8
27.9
2.2
1.6
5.1
7.6

South Atlantic............ ............ ......... .
Delaware_________________ ____
M aryland__________ . ________
District of Columbia____________
Virginia.................................. ..........
West Virginia___________ . . . . . .
North Carolina________________
South Carolina_________________
Georgia____ _____ _ __________
Florida_______________________

326.2
6.9
46.5
8.9
31.6
52.1
68.5
23.8
52.5
35.4

313.7
6.5
47.3
10.0
33.2
47.8
66.5
22.5
47.9
32.1

306.1
6.4
47.2
10.3
33.8
44.6
66.7
23.0
46.0
27.9

283.5
5.4
41.9
8.6
28.1
36.8
64.3
26.2
45.8
26.4

196.8
3.8
29.1
6. 5
17.4
23.7
44. 6
18.1
33.8
19.7

147.1
2.7
19.4
5.2
11.9
16.2
33. 4
14. 4
25. 8
18.0

136.7
2.7
16.1
4.6
10.1
12.0
28.3
14.0
26.0
22.9

139.8
2.9
16.6
4.5
11.4
11.3
28.8
13.4
24.8
26.0

145.6
2.5
16.7
4.8
14.2
11.9
30.5
13.8
24.9
26.3

166.1
2.8
17.1
4.8
16.9
13.1
40. 9
16.7
29.8
24.1

148.8
2.4
15.5
4. 4
15.9
12.1
40.7
14.8
26.8
16.3

148.3
2.5
16.9
4.4
12.3
12.2
44. 5
14 6
26.8
14.0

146.5
3.0
15.3
6.1
11 1
12. 7
44.9
14.9
26. 5
13.0

154. 7
3.1
17.7
5.3
13.7
14.1
39.3
15.2
27.5
18.7

123.3
2.1
12.2
4.4
11.3
11.0
31.3
13.0
21.9
16.0

East South Central_____ __________
Kentucky_____________________
Tennessee_____________________
Alabama______________________
Mississippi.....................................

200.5
66.1
64.0
46.1
24.2

196.3
60.6
65.1
45.9
24.7

200.1
57.4
68.8
47.3
26.6

177.0
47.5
65.5
40.9
23.1

134. 3
37. 1
46.1
32.5
18.6

107.6
29.3
37.2
27 1
13.9

91.8
27.2
31.6
22 5
10.5

87.6
26.1
31.9
19.8
9.9

90.6
28.9
32.7
17.7
11.2

102.7
30.8
38.6
19. 7
13.7

101.8
31.9
37.3
18.9
13.7

109.2
34.5
38.6
20.5
15.5

119.8
37 4
43. 5
22 1
16.9

110.9
33.1
40.2
22.6
15.0

98.5
30.1
36.1
20.8
11.5

West South Central________________
Arkansas_____________________
Louisiana. ____________________
Oklahoma_____________________
Texas________ ________ ______ _

165.0
27.5
29.8
27.6
80.1

158.8
26.4
28.4
28.2
75.9

147.1
27.8
27.5
25.8
66.0

126.6
25.5
23.8
21.0
56.2

94.1
18.6
15. 5
15.5
44.6

73.0
13.2
11.8
12.9
35.1

54.7
8.7
8.7
9.6
27.7

50.3
8.5
8.6
9.0
24.1

53.4
9.8
9.4
9.7
24.5

58. 5
11.0
11.8
9.8
25.9

62.5
11.4
12.3
11. 4
27.4

72.6
14.3
14.2
13.1
31.0

81. 5
18.2
15.9
14.0
33.5

72.1
14.8
13.2
12.7
31.4

57.9
11.6
12.4
10.5
23.5

M ountain..___ ______ ____________
M ontana___________________
Idaho__________________ . . .
W yoming____________________
Colorado..___ _ ____________
New Mexico___________________
A rizona.____________ _____
U tah ........... ........................ .............
Nevada............... ............................

72.5
12.0
6.9
3.9
13.5
7.3
12.7
10.2
6.0

86.5
16.6
10.1
4.4
15.8
7.6
13.4
11.7
6.8

90.2
17.9
12.6
4.3
16.0
7.3
12.4
12.4
7.3

77.1
15.0
12.4
3.7
11.7
6.1
10.5
10.9
6.8

55.7
10. 4
9.6
2.4
8.2
4.7
8.4
6.9
5.2

38.1
6.8
6.0
1.4
5.6
3.6
6.4
4.3
4.0

23. 1
4.0
2.7
.7
3.2
2.4
5.1
2.2
2.7

18.3
2.9
1.9
.4
2.8
2.0
4.5
1.9
1.9

19.4
2.7
2.2
.5
3.2
2.4
4.5
2.2
1.6

19.8
2.7
2.1
.6
3.5
2.7
4.2
2.5
1.5

20.4
2.9
1.9
.9
3.7
2.7
4.0
2.8
1.5

26.8
4.5
3.3
1.3
4.5
3.2
4.6
3.6
1.8

37.8
7.8
5.4
1.9
5.7
4.0
5.6
49
2. 5

34.5
6.3
5.2
1.7
5.1
3. 5
5.5
4.5
2.8

26.5
3.7
3.9
1.4
3.6
2.7
4.5
3.9
2.8

Pacific______ _____________________
Washington___________________
Oregon___ ___ _________________
California___________________ .

384.1
47.6
31.1
305.4

413.7
59.2
39.8
314.6

420.0
68.1
45.2
306.6

3S9.1 311.9
72.1
61.8
40.7
48.7
268.2 209.4

228.1
46.1
29.3
152.7

155. 2
31.2
20.8
103. 2

124.7
23.9
15.6
85.3

120.1
20.0
11.9
88.2

122.3
16. 4
11.3
94.7

118.0
13.3
9.1
95.7

143.1
18.3
13. 1
111.7

169 1
26.6
20. 7
121.8

180.3
33.3
22.9
124.1

132.2
28.1
16.2
87.8

1 Average ot weekly data adjusted for split weeks in the month.
may not add to exact column totals because of rounding.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Figures

S ource : 0 , 8. Department of Labor, Bureau oi Employment Security,

805

A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

T able A-9. Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected operations 1
[All Items except average benefit amounts are in thousands)
1958

Item
Apr.
Employment service:
New applications for work_____
Nonfarm placements.... ...............

954
404

Mar.
951
332

1957

Feb.

999
312

Jan.

Dec.

1,101
355

810
360

Nov.

819
406

Oct.

813
540

Sept.
713
561

Aug.

672
536

1956
July

738
533

June
832
528

May
740
534

Apr.

709
480

Apr.

675
504

«If
State unemployment Insurance pro­
m
grams 2
Initial claims 5........ ......................
1,983
1, 795
2,024
1,815
2,285
1,193
1,032
1,267
881
1,001
1,099
1,346
842
984
Insured unem ploym ent4 (aver­
3,302
2,877
2,112
age weekly volum e)......... ........
3,276
1,237
1,350
3,163
1,513
1,167
1,151
1, 285 1,251
1, 475
1, 359
Rate of insured unem ploym ent5.
7.9
7.9
6.9
5.1
3.6
7.6
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.6
Weeks of unemployment com­
pensated_______ __________
13,055 12, 457 10, 793 10, 780 7,211
4,814
4,095
4,693
4,497
4,883
4, 686
5,766
5,122
5, 517
Average weekly benefit amount
for total unemployment_____
$30.88 $30. 53 $30. 48 $30.09 $29. 75 $29. 44 $29. 20 $28. 64 $27.87 $27. 59 $27.44 $27.47 $27. 72 $27.03
Total benefits paid___________ $403,845 $370,248 $320,181 $313,012 $207,110 $136,627 $131, 832 $113,325 $121,333 $130,130 $123,540 $145,657 $154, 329 $133,926
Unemployment compensation for
veterans: 8
Initial claims 3..............................
Insured unem ploym ent4 (aver­
age weekly volume)_________
Weeks of unemployment com­
pensated______ ___ ________
Total benefits paid 7__________

27

30

31

37

28

21

18

16

21

20

24

16

18

21

80

81

72

58

41

30

24

29

35

34

33

31

39

44

368
$9,833

345
$9,285

279
$7,546

258
$6,924

170
$4, 574

115
$3,104

112
$3,013

142
$3,793

165
$4,406

165
$4,539

138
$3,710

156
$4,222

191
$5,155

214
$5, 722

Railroad unemployment insurance:
Applications 8................................
24
36
20
43
27
Insured unemployment (average
weekly volume)____________
146
149
106
140
135
Number of payments 9________
319
338
284
309
227
Average amount of benefit pay­
ment 9. .............. ............ .......... $68. 59 $67.86 $67. 52 $65.07 $64. 22
Total benefits paid 10_________ $23,153 $21, 626 $19,093 $20,127 $14, 498

34

22

16

18

54

33

16

10

5

83
142

56
119

47
92

46
113

52
94

36
86

42
109

53
125

36
95

$62. 59
$8,852

$62. 20
$7, 332

$62.01
$5,689

$58. 62
$6, 660

$53.50
$4, 960

$60. 86
$5,109

$57.68
$6,211

$58.14
$7,227

$54. 70
$5,144

1,623

1, 314

1,240

1,228

L 368

1, 319

1,424

1,565

1, 439

All programs:11
Insured unem ploym ent4______

3,527

3,505

3, 375

3,065

2,256

1 Average weekly insured unemployment excludes territories; other items
Include them.
2 Data include activities under the program of Unemployment Compensa­
tion for Federal Employees (UCFE), which became effective on January 1,
1965.
2 An initial claim Is a notice filed by a worker at the beginning of a period
of unemployment which establishes the starting date for any insured unem­
ployment which may result if he is unemployed for 1 week or longer.
4 Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem­
ployment.
s The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed
expressed as a percent of the average covered employment in a 12-month
period.
8 Based on claims filed under the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act
of 1952. Excludes claims filed by veterans to supplement State, U CFE, or
railroad unemployment insurance benefits.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

7 Federal portion only of benefits paid Jointly with other programs. Weekly
benefit amount for total unemployment is set by law at $26.
8 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning of
his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is required
for subsequent periods in the same year.
9 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods; the aver­
age amount is an average for all compensable periods. Not adjusted for
recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
10 Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments.
11 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, UCFE, and veterans’ programs, and that covered by the Railroad
Unemployment Insurance Act,
Sottbcb: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security
for all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which are prepared
by the U. S. Railroad Retirement Board,

806

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

B.—Labor Turnover
T able B - l.

Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 1
(Per 100 employees]

Year

Ian.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

8ept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Annual
average

19481949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.

4.6
3.2
3.6
5.2
4.4
4.4
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.5

3.9
2.9
3.2
4. 5
3.9
4.2
2.5
3.2
3. 1
2.8
2.2

4.0
3.0
3.6
4.6
3.0
4.4
2.8
3.6
3.1
2.8
2.4

4.0
2.9
3.5
4.5
3.7
4.3
2.4
3.5
3.3
2.8
2 2.4

4.1
3.5
4.4
4.5
3,9
4.1
2.7
3.8
3.4
3.0

Total accessions
5.7
4.7
4.4
3.5
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.2
4.9
4.4
5.1
4.1
3.5
2.9
4.3
3.4
3.3
4.2
3.9
3.2

6.0
4.4
6.6
4.5
5.9
4.3
3.3
4. 5
3.8
3.2

5.1
4.1
5.7
4.3
5.6
4.0
3.4
4.4
4.1
3.3

4.5
3.7
5.2
4.4
5.2
3.8
3.6
4.1
4. 2
2.9

3. 9
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.2

2.7
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.1
2.5
2. 5
2.3
1.7

4.4
3.6
4.4
4. 4
4.4
3.9
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.9

1948.
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.

4.3
4.6
3.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
2.9
3.6
3.3
5.0

4.7
4.1
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
2. 5
3.6
3. 0
3.9

4.5
4.8
2.9
4.1
3.7
4.1
3. 7
3.0
3.5
3.3
4.2

4.7
4.8
2.8
4.6
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.1
3. 4
3.3
»3.9

4.3
5.2
3.1
4.8
3.9
4.4
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.4

Total separations »
4. 5
4.4
6.1
4.3
3.8
4.0
3.0
2.9
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.3
3.9
4.0
5.0
4. 2
4.3
4.8
3.1
3 1
3.5
3. 2
3.4
4.0
8.4
3.2
3.9
3.0
3.1
4.0

5.4
4. 2
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.2
3.9
4. 4
4.4
4.4

4. 5
4.1
4.3
4.7
4.2
4. 5
3.3
3.5
3. 5
4.0

4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
3. 6
4. 2
3.0
3. 1
3.3
4.0

4.3
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.4
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.8

4.6
4.3
3.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
3. 5
3.3
3.5
3.6

1948....... .
1949______
1950....... ......
1951______
1952...........
1953.............
1954................
1955...........
1956_________
1957.............
1958________

2.8
1.7

1.0
1.4
1.3
.8

2.5
1.4
1.0
2,1
1.9
2.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.2
.7

2.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
2.5
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.3
.7

3.0
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.2
2.7
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.3
2.7

2.8
1.6
1.6
2.8
2. 2
2.7
1,0
1. 5
1.6
1.4

2.9
1. 5
1. 7
2.5
2.2
2.6
1.1
1. 5
1.6
1.3

3.4
1.8
2.9
3. 1
3.0
2.9
1. 4
2.2
2.2
1.9

3.9
2.1
3.4
3.1
3.5
3. 1
1.8
2.8
2.6
2.2

2.8
1.5
2.7
2.5
2.8
2. 1
1.2
1.8
1.7
1.3

2.2
1. 2
2. 1
1. 9
2.1
1. 5
1.0
1. 4
1.3
.9

1. 7
.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1. 1
.9
1.1
1.0
.7

2.8
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.3
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.4

1948.
1949
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.

0. 4
.3

0. 4
.3

0.4

.2
.2

.2
.2

.2

0.4
.2
.2
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
2.2

0.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3

0.4
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2

.2
.2

0.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3

0.4
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2

0.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2

0.4
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2

0.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

0.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2

1948.
1949.
1950.
1951
1952
1953.
1954.
1955
1956.
1957.
1958.

1.2
2.5
1.7
1.0
1.4
.9
2.8
1.5
1.7
1.5
3.8

1.7
2.3
1.7
.8
1.3
.8
2.2
1.1
1.8
1.4
2.9

1.2
2.8
1.4
.8
1.1
.8
2.3
1.3
1.6
1.4
3.2

1.2
2.8
1.2
1.0
1.3
.9
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.5
»2.9

1.1
3.3

Layoffs
1.0
2.1
.6
1.3
2.2
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.3

1.2
1.8
.6
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.6

1.0
1.8
.7
1.3
.7
1.5
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.8

1.2
2.3
.8
1.4
.7
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.3
2.3

1. 4
2.5
1.7
.7
2.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.7

2.2
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.0
2.5
1. 7
1.4
1.4
2.7

1.3
2.4
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.2
1.5
1.7

0.1
.1
.1
.6
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

0.1
.1
.1
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

0.1
.1
.1
.5
.3
,3
.2
.2
.2
.2
».2

Miscellaneous separations, including military
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
,3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.2

0.1
.1
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2

0.1
.1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1
.2
.2
.2

0.1
.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

1948
1949
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.

1. 1

2.1
1.9
2.1

1. 1

.2

.3
.3
.3

.2
.2

.3

.2

.3

.2

.3
.3
.4

.3
.3
.4

.3

.3

.2
.2

.2
.2
.2

1.1

1.2
1.1
1.0
1.9
1.1
1.6
1.5

Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing indus­
tries as indicated by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes
shown by the Bureau’s employment series for the following reasons:
níi TJ16 kbot turnover series measure changes during the calendar month,
while the employment series measure changes from midmonth to midmonth;
. (2) Industry coverage is not identical, as the printing and publishing
industry and some seasonal industries are excluded from turnover;
(3) Turnover rates tend to be understated because small firms are not as
prominent in the turnover sample as in the employment sample; and


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1. 1

2.5
.9
1.0
1.1
.9
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.1

Quits
2. 9
1.4
1.8

2.4

2.2
2.5
1. 1
1.6

1.5
1.4
Discharges
0.4
.2

.3
.3
.3
.4

.2

.3

1. 1

(4) Reports from plants affected by work stoppages are excluded from th<
turnover series, but the employment series reflect the influence of such
stoppages.
1 Preliminary.
i Beginning with data for October 1952, components may not add to total
separation rates because of rounding.
N ote : Fora description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing M aj
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S ouece : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

807

B : LABOR TURNOVER

T able B -2. Labor turnover rates in selected industries1
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Industry

Total accessions
Apr.
1958

Manufacturing
All manufacturing......................................
Durable goods *..... .......................
Nondurable goods *---------------------Ordnance and accessories___________—
Food and kindred products.... ........- ........
Meat products______________ ____
Grain-mill products— ......................
Bakery products--------- --------------Beverages:
Malt liquors....................................
Tobacco manufactures________ _______
Cigarettes__________-........... . --Cigars_____________ __________—
Tobacco and snuff---------------- ------Textile-mill products----- ----------- ---------Yam and thread m ills..------- --------Broad-woven fabric mills---------------Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber..... ...
Woolen and worsted----------------Knitting mills------------- ------ -------Full-fashioned hosiery.......... ........
Seamless hosiery.................... ......
Knit underwear------ ------ ------- Dyeing and finishing textiles---------Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings—
Apparel and other finished textile prod­
ucts_____________________ _____ ___
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats------Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing..............................................
Lumber and wood products (except fur­
niture)—
Logging camps and contractors...........
Sawmills and planing mills------------Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products-------------Furniture and fixtures...............................
Household furniture---- ------- -------Other furniture and fixtures...............
Paper and allied p ro d u cts.........................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills—
Paperboard containers and boxes.. _
Chemicals and allied products--------------Industrial inorganic chemicals---------Industrial organic chemicals-----------Synthetic fibers_______________
Drags and medicines.. -----------------Paints, pigments, and fillers-----------Products of petroleum and coal.................
Petroleum refining—.............................
Rubber products.........................................
Tires and inner tu b e s ...---------------Rubber footwear--------------------------Other rubber products.........................
Leather and leather products---------------Leather: tanned, curried, and finished
Footwear (except rubber)....... .............
Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Glass and glass products..................—
Cement, hydraulic-----------------------Structural clay products___________
Pottery and related products— .........
Primary metal Industries.................... .
Blast furnaces, steelworks, and rolling
mills....... ............ ........ .....................
Iron and steel foundries....... .............—
Gray-iron foundries____________
Malleable-iron foundries................
Steel foundries......... ........ ..............
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals:
Primary smelting and refining of
copper, lead, and zinc________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
cop per ...................................... .
Nonferrous foundries.. -----------------Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings........... ........
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Apr.
1958

Mar.
1958

2.4
2.6
2.2
2.4
3.4
2.7
1.9
2.5

2.4
2.5
2.2
2.6
3.1
2.6
2.1
2.6

3.9
4.4
3.2
3.6
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.4

4.2
4.8
3.2
3.9
3.6
4.1
2.9
2.6

1.1
.9
1.4
.9
2.4
2.4
2.2
1.8
5.7
3.4
2.2
3.3
2.5
1.8
1.6

4.5
1.6
1.3
2.0
.8
2.5
2.3
2.4
1.8
7.1
3.1
2.1
3.4
1.6
1.7
1.4

(4)
1.6
1.1
2.4
1.2
3.7
2.9
4.1
3.7
6.5
3.3
2.0
4.3
2.4
1.9
6.0

3.6
3.5
2.5
5.1
1.7
3.9
3.2
3.8
3.6
5.8
3.8
3.7
4.5
2.6
4.1
4.1

2.6
1.9

2.7
1.5

4.6
8.0

2.9

2.5

4.5
4.5

Apr.
1958
0.7
.6
.8
0.6
.7
.4
.4
1.0

Discharges

Mar.
1958

Apr.
1958

Miscellaneous, In­
cluding military

Layoffs

Mar.
1958

0.2
.1
.2
0.2
.2
.1
.3
.3

0.7
.6
.8
0.6
.6
.4
.5
.9

Apr.
1958

0.2
.1
.2
0.1
.2
.1
.2
.3

Mar.
1958

2.9
3.4
2.0
2.8
2.0
2.2
1.9
.9

3.2
3.8
2.1
2.9
2.6
3.3
2.1
1.2

.7
.3
1.2
.6
2.3
1.5
2.6
2.3
5.0
1.9
.4
3.0
1.3
1.0
5.0

3.1
2.4
1.7
3.6
.9
2.6
1.8
2.5
2.3
4.2
2.4
2.1
3.2
1.5
3.3
3.2

Apr.
1958

Mar.
1958

0.2
.2
.2
0.1
2
.2
.2
.2

0.2
.3
.2
0.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1

.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2

.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2

1.4
1.0

.2
.1

.2
.1

2.8
6.7

2.1
1.6

.1
.1

.1
.2

1.7

1.5

.2

.2

1.7

2.1

.1

.1

4.2
8.8
3.4

1.0
(4)
1.1

1.0
2.0
.8

.2

.3
.5
.2

2.5

2.8
6.2
2.2

.1

2.0

.2
.1
.2

3.9
4.3
4.7
3.4
2.3
1.5
2.9
1.8
2.4
1.6
1.2
1.7
1.6
1.1
.7
4.5
3.9
2.7
5.4
4.3
4.7
4.2
4.2
5.4
1.0
3.7
4.7
4.3

3.7
4.4
4.5
4.1
2.2
1.5
2.6
1.6
1.3
1.7
1.2
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.0
4.2
3.6
2.4
5.1
4.8
4.8
4.8
5.2
6.6
1.7
5.9
3.3
5.4

.9
.9
1.0
.6
.6
.3
.7
.4
.3
.2
.2
.6
.5
.2
.2
.4
.3
1.2
.4
1.2
.5
1.3
.4
.4
.3
.5
.5
.2

1.0
.8
.8
.6
.5
.4
.7
.4
.3
.2
.1
.7
.3
.2
.2
.4
.2
1.3
.4
1.0
.4
1.2
.5
.4
.3
.6
.6
.3

2.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
1.3
.9
1.5
1.0
.7
1.3
.9
.7
1.3
.8
.4
3.5
3.2
.7
4.3
3.4
4.2
3.2
4.4
5.9
1.1
5.0
2.4
4.7

.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.3
.5
.2
.1
.1
.3

.3

1.8
1.8
2.2
1.6
1.3

4.3
4.9
3.8
4.8
6.2

6.1
5.5
4.3
4.5
7.3

.2
.4
.4
.7
.3

.2
.5
.6
.7
.3

.7

.6

1.9

2.6

.3

.8
3.2

1.2
2.9

2.9
6.0

2.7
5.4

2.1

1.8

4.7

5.9

.6
.4
1.0
.2
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
.8
1.1
1.2
1.0
.9
.6
.6

.3
.9
.6
1.3
.5
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.0
.8
.5
.6

3.8
2.9

1.6
1.0

3.6

4.0

3.2
5.9
3.2

3.9
(4)
3.4

2.0
3.4
3.3
3.4
1.7
1.3
1.8
1.2
.7
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.1
.7
.5
1.4
.6
2.2
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.8
2.5
5.0
1.0
1.9

1.4
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.0
1.3
2.0
1.0
.8
.6
.6
1.8
.8
.9
.3
1.4
.9
1.9
1.8
2.4
1.8
2.5
2.1
2.1
3.2
3.2
1.6
1.9

2.1
1.5
1.6
2.2
1.1

0

0

Mar.
1958

Quits

Total

(4)

(4)

(4)

.2

0

0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1
.3
.1
.1
0

0

.1
.2

.1

0

.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1

.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.3

.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1

2.7
3.0
3.2
2.4
1.4
.9
1.8
1.1
1.8
1.2
.8
.8
.8
.5
.2
3.8
3.4
1.2
4.5
2.8
3.9
2.6
3.4
4. 4
.4
2.8
3.9
3.7

.1
.1
.2
.1

.1
.1
.1
.3
.1

3.8
4.1
3.1
3.7
5.5

5.4
4.7
3. 6
3. ò
6. 5

.3
.2
.2
.2
.3

.4
.2
2
.2
.3

.3

.1

.1

1.4

2.0

.2

.2

.1
.4

.2
.4

.1
.1

.1
.2

2.4
5.3

2.1
4.6

.2
.2

.3

.2

.4

.1

.1

4.1

5.1

.2

.3

.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.1

(5)
0
1.
(3)

0

.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1

0

(5)
0

.2

0
0
0

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

808

T able B -2. Labor turnover rates in selected industries 1—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Industry

Total accessions
Apr.
1958

Manufacturi ng—Con tinued
Fabricated metal products (except ord­
nance, machinery, and transportation
equipment)....... ........................................
Cutlery, bandtools, and hardware___
Cutlery and edge tools-------- ----------H andtools..______ ___________
Hardware___ _____ ________ ..
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies__________
Sanitary ware and plumbers’
supplies.—......... - _____ ______
Oil burners, nonelectric heating
and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere classified______________
Fabricated structural metal products.
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.........................................
Machinery (except electrical)__________
Engines and tu rb in es... . . . _______
Agricultural machinery and tractors..
Construction and mining machinery..
Metalworking machinery_____ _ ..
Machine tools_____ __________
Metalworking machinery (except
machine tools)_______ ______
Machine-tool accessories________
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking m achinery)...............
General industrial machinery_______
Office and store machines and devices.
Service-Industry and household machines...................................... ..........
Miscellaneous machinery parts...........
Electrical machinery_________________
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and Industrial apparatus-------------------------- ------ Communication equipm ent... _____
Radios, phonographs, television
sets, and equipment_________
Telephone, telegraph, and related
equipment______________ ...
Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneoua products______________
Transportation equipment. ____ ______
Motor vehicles and equipment*_____
Aircraft and parts_____ _________
Aircraft______________ _______
Aircraft engines and parts______
Aircraft propellers and parts____
Other aircraft parts and equipment______________________
Ship and boat building and repairing.
Railroad equipment______ ________
Locomotives and parts_________
Railroad and street cars________
Other transportation equipment____
Instruments and related products_______
Photographic apparatus___________
Watches and clocks____ _ _______
Professional and scientific Instruments.______ __________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..

Mar.
1958

Apr.
1958

Discharges

Quits

Total
Mar.
1958

Apr.
1958

Mar.
1958

Apr.
1958

Miscellaneous, In­
cluding military

Layoffs

Mar.
1958

Apr.
1958

Mar.
1958

Apr.
1958

Mar.
1958

2.6
1.8
3.2
2.1
1.2

2.5
1.6
2.1
1.5
1.5

4.7
3.9
2.5
2.2
5.2

4.6
3.6
2.1
4.4
3.7

0.6
.6
.7
.4
.7

0.5
.6
.5
.4
.7

0.2
.2
.2
.1
.3

0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

3.7
2.9
1.5
1.5
4.1

3.6
2.6
1.3
3.6
2.6

0.2
.2
.1
.3
.1

2.2

3.5

5.2

3.1

.5

.7

.4

.4

4.1

1.8

.1

.2

2.0

2.7

7.2

2.0

.6

.7

.8

.5

5.6

.8

.1

.1

2.4
2.4

3.9
2.0

3.6
2.8

3.7
3.6

.6

.5

.7
.6

.1
.2

.4
.3

2.9
1.9

2.5
2.6

.1
.2

.2
.2

3.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
1.6
1.3
1.5

3.6
2.0
3.0
2.5
1.6
1.4
1.5

8.1
4.3
5.6
3.3
6.4
4.2
4.0

6.5
4.2
3.5
3.7
4.2
4.7
5.2

.5
.5
.5
.8
.6
.4
.3

.5
.5

.1
.1

.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1

7.0
3.4
4.8
2.1
5. 5
3. 5
3.3

5.3
3.3
2.6
2.6
3.4
3.9
4. 4

.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3

.5

.6
1.6

.7
1.9

4.2
4.6

4.4
4.0

.4
.5

1.2
1.3
1.3

1.2
1.4
5.1

4.0
3.5
2.0

4.2
3.8
2.8

.4
.4

2.9
1.7
2.0

2.1
1.7
2.2

6.4
4.1
3.8

5.0
4.7
3.7

1.3
2.3

1.5
2.5

3.1
3.5

3.0

3.5

4.4
(4)

2.6

1.9
3.1
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.4
(4)

2.5
3.4
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.0
.9

4.9
5.5
7.8
3.1
2.7
3.9
(4)

3.7
6.4
9.1
2.8
2.2
3.8
5.0

3.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
2.9
4.3
1.2
(4)
1.3

3.0
11.0
4.8
3.1
5.6
2.8
1.2
.7
2.5

5.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.9
3.4
2.6
(4)
5.7

5.1
13.3
7.0
2.4
9.3

1.3
4.0
1.4

1.2
3.1
1.9

1.7
3.6
.8
.8
(4)
1.2
(4)
(4)

.7

0

.6
.6

0

.2
.1
.1

.5

.4
.4

(5)

0.3
.2
.1
.2

.3

.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4

.3
.4

.1
.2

.1
.1

3.5
3.7

3.8
3.3

.3
.3

.2

.5

.6

.5

.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

3.1
2.8
1.4

3.4
2.9
1.9

.3
.2
.1

.3
.3
.2

.5
.4
.7

.5
.4
.8

.1
.1
.2

.2
.1
.2

5.3
3.3
2.7

4.1
4.0
2.5

.4
.4
.2

.2

3.3
3.4

.6
.9

.6
.9

.1
.2

.1
.2

2.2
2.3

2.3
2.1

.2
.2

.2

3.8

.9

1.1

.2

.2

3.2

2.4

.1

.1

3.6
4.4
6.8
2.1
1.8
3.1

2.5
5.3
7.9
1.8
1.3
2.9
4.0

.2
.3

.3
.4
.7
.1
.1
.2
.2

4.0

5.0

3.9
11.5
6.0
1.3
8.3
3.3
1.8
1.2
2.7

1.4
2.4
1.5

1.9
3.9
1.3

.2
.2
.2

3.5
10.0
.8

5.4
7.7
8.8
1.6
.8
5.1

.2
.2

.3
.3

.4
.4
.5
.4
.1

.1

.2

.5

.4

(4)

(4)

.6

.7

.6
.4
.7
.7

.4
.7
.7

.6

.6

.6
.8

2.7
1.9
3.6

.9
1.3
.5
.5
.5
.7
.6

2.3
3.6
2.7

2.8
5.2
2.4

.6
.8
.8

.7
.8
.7

1.0
.5
1.2
.7
.8
1.0

4.8
10.3
1.8
2.6
(4)
2.8

6.9
8.3
10.0
2.9
1.3
5.6

1.1
.1
.6
1.8
(4)
.2

1.0
.2
.6
.9
.4
.3

(4)
0

.5
1.0

(4)
(4)

.9
.6

(4)
(4)

.4

.6

.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1

.3

.1

.2
.3
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1

.1

.1

.2
.2

.2
.2

(4)

1.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
.3
.8
.6
(4)
.5

4.4

.2

(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)

.3
.2
.1

1.8

0

0
0
0

0

0

9.9
2.1
1.8

.6

.1
.1
.1
0

.1
0

0

.3
.2
.2
.3

0

0
0

.2

.3
.3
.2
.2

.1
.3
.5
.6

.4

.1
.2
.2

.2

.1
.2

.2

N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g

Metal mining_____ ________ __________
Iron mining.......................... ................
Copper mining______ ____________
Lead and zinc m ining............... . ..
Anthracite m ining......................................
Bituminous-coal mining_______________
Communication:
Telephone_______________________
Telegraph !.............................................

1 See footnote 1 and Note, table B -l.
2For definition, see footnote 3, table A-2.
s For definition, see footnote 4, table A-2, except that the labor turnover
series excludes the printing, publishing, and allied lndustriesgroup, and the
following industries: canning and preserving; women’s, misses’, and children's
outerwear; and fertilizer.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1.3
1.7

(4)
(4)

.1

0.1
(!)

0

(6)

.1

.1

.5

0
0
0

0
2.4
.1
.1

0
0

.3
.7

0
0
0

* Nor. available.
5 Less than 0.05.
« Data relate to domestic employees except messengers.
•Formerly titled Automobiles. Data not affected.
B o t j b c e : U . 8 . Department o f Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

.1
.3

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

809

C.—Earnings and Hours
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1

Year and month

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Mining
Metal
Total: Metal
1856: Average...........
1957: Average...........
April— ...........
M ay________
June.... ..........
July.................
August............
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January..........
February____
M a r c h _____
April................

$96.83
98. 98
97.10
97.58
98.81
100. 28
101. 35
102. 84
98.31
96.53
97.51
97.27
96.38
95.26
94.14

42.1 $2.30 $96. 71
40.9
2. 42 104.01
40.8
2.38 96 26
41.0
2.38 99.68
2.41 103.06
41.0
40.6
2. 47 109. 61
41.2
2. 46 111. 76
41.3
2.49 114. 78
39.8
2. 47 106. 23
39.4
2. 45 100.34
39.8
2. 45 97.46
39.7
2. 45 98.19
39.5
2. 44 99. 63
39.2
2.43 96.93
38.9
2.42 98.19
Mining—Continued

Petroleum and natural-gas produotion (except con*
trace services;
1956: Average.......... $101.68
1957: Average........... 106. 49
April..... ......... 100. 75
M ay________ 104.23
Ju n e________ 109.18
July................. 110.00
August______ 106. 52
September___ 113.28
October_____ 106. 92
November___ 109. 34
December....... 111.64
1958: January_____ 110. 56
February____ 110. 83
M arch__ ____ 110. 97
April_______ 108. 81

41.0
40.8
40.3
40.4
41.2
41.2
40.5
41.8
40.5
40.8
41.6
41.1
41.2
41.1
40.6

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
April_______
M ay________
tim e________
J u ly .......... .
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January..........
F e b r u a r y .__
M arch______
April____ _

$101.92
36.4 $2.80
107.22
36.1
2. 97
105. 70 36.2
2.92
107.02
36.4
2.94
108. 49 36 9 2.94
108.93
36.8
2.96
110. 48 37.2
2. 97
111. 14 36.8
3. 02
110. Ô3 36.6
3.02
104.23
34. 4 3.03
106. 45 34.9
3.05
108. 06 35.2
3.07
101.64
33.0
3. 08
35.2
107.71
3. 06
108.63
35. 5 3.06
Building construetion—Con.
Special-trade contractors—Con tinued
Other special-trade
contractors

1956: Average.......... $102.39
35.8
1957: A verage........... 106. 30
35.2
April_______ 105. 14 35.4
M ay......... ...... 107.04
35.8
June...... ......... 108. 84 36.4
J u l y . . ............ 108.60
38.2
August______ 110. 60 36.5
September___ 110.88
36.0
October_____ 110.00
35.6
November___ 104.13 33.7
December....... 102. 92 33.2
1958: January_____ 104. 54 33.4
February____ 97. 34
31.3
March____ _ 105.43
33.9
34.4
April________ 106.64
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

39.8
39.7
37.6
38.9
40.1
40.9
41.7
42.2
39.2
37.3
36.5
36.5
36.9
35.9
36.5

Copper
$2. 43 $100. 28
2.62 98.23
2.56 99.83
2.56 99.17
2.57 98.88
2.68 98.00
2.68 97. 20
2. 72 93. 60
2. 71 92.20
2.69 96. 32
2. 67 98.66
2.69 98. 25
2.70 95. 52
2.70 94.96
2.69 93.06

Nonmet allie mining
and quarrying

$2. 48 $85.63
2.61 87.60
2.50 84. 87
2. 58 87. 71
2. 65 90. 45
2. 67 90.70
2.63 92. 57
2. 71 92. 25
2.64 91.19
2.68 86.90
2.69 86. 31
2. 69 84.25
2.69 81.00
2.70 83.22
2. 68 85.04

Total: Building
construction

Coal

Iron

$95. 04
98. 89
97. 46
99.00
100. 65
102.03
103. 79
102.65
102.65
95.37
97.76
100.39
91.58
100.04
100.39

36.0
35.7
35.7
36.0
36.6
36.7
37.2
36.4
36.4
33.7
34.3
35.1
31.8
35.1
35.1

$2.30 $89.24
2.39 89.19
2.36 91.10
2.35 90.03
2.40 89.60
2. 45 87.85
2. 43 88. 75
2. 40 89. 60
2. 42 88.10
2.42 87.08
2. 43 91.52
2.42 86.24
2. 40 84.50
2.38 85.10
2.38 85.81

Total: Contract
construction

44.6 $1.92 $101.83
43.8
2.00 106.64
43.3
1.96 104. 88
44.3
1.98 106.39
45.0
2.01 108.11
44.9
2. 02 109.15
45.6
2.03 111.07
45.0
2. 05 110. 84
44.7
2.04 110.25
42.6
2.04 103.30
42. 1 2. 05 105. 44
41.5
2. 03 107. 40
39.9
2.03 100. 84
41.2
2.02 106. 74
42.1
2.02 107. 58

General contractors

43.6
41.1
42.3
42.2
41.2
40.0
40.0
39.0
38.1
39.8
40.6
40.6
39.8
39.9
39.1

Lead and zinc

41.7 $2.14 $87. 65
33.2
41.1
2.17 93.20
31.7
41.6
2.19 92.06
31.1
41.3
2.18 88.70
30.8
41.1
2.18 100. 50 34.3
40.3
2.18 95.33
33.1
40.9
2.17 91.08
31.3
41.1
2.18 105.19
35.3
40.6
2.17 93.87
31.5
40.5
2.15 84.68
28.9
41.6
2.20 77. 91
26.5
40.3
2.14 89.98
30.4
39.3
2.15 81.40
27.5
39.4
2.16 73.25
25.0
40.1
2.14 64.96
22.4
Contract construction

36.7
36.4
36.5
36.8
37 2
36.8
37.3
37.0
36.7
34.8
35 3
35.3
33.8
35.3
35.7

Bituminous
$2.64 $106.22
2.94 110.53
2. 96 111. 74
2.88 107. 76
2.93 114.68
2.88 112.17
2. 91 110. 96
2.98 112.91
2.98 110.66
2. 93 102.18
2. 94 107. 92
2.96 103. 36
2.96 100. 62
2. 93 96.37
2.90 91.51

37.8
36.6
37.0
35.8
37.6
36.3
36.5
36.9
36.4
33.5
35.5
34.0
33.1
31.7
30.3

$2.81
3.02
3.02
3.01
3.05
3. 09
3.04
3.06
3.04
3.05
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.02

Nonbuilding construction
Total: Nonbuilding
construction

37.3 $2. 73 $101. 59 40.8 $2. 49
36.9
2.89 105.07
39.8
2.64
36.8
2.85 100.88
39.1
2.58
37.2
2.86 103.88
39.8
2.61
37.8
2.86 106. 63 40.7
2.62
37.9
2.88 110. 77
2. 65
41.8
38.3
2.90 112. 41
42.1
2. 67
37.7
2. 94 110.16
40.8
2. 70
2. 94 109.21
37.5
40.6
2.69
34.9
2. 96 98.82
36.6
2. 70
35.5
2. 97 102. 33 37.9
2. 70
35.8
3.00 103. 79 38.3
2. 71
33.5
3.01 96. 21 35.5
2. 71
35.7
2.99 101.90
37.6
2. 71
36.1
2.98 103.18
38.5
2. 68
Building construction
Special-trade

Total Special-trade
contractors

$2.64 $107 16
2. 77 112.84
2.73 111.33
2. 75 112. 61
2. 75 114. 58
2. 78 113. 34
2. 79 115.63
2. 82 116. 55
2. 82 115. 97
2.83 109. 97
2. 85 111.90
2. 86 112. 96
2. 88 108.16
2.85 112. 61
2.86 113.88

Anthracite

Plumbing and
heating

$2. 92 $112.31
3.10 118. 87
3. 05 116. 97
3.06 117. 73
3.08 119. 42
3.08 116. 80
3. 10 120. 74
3.15 123. 77
3.16 122.11
3.16 116. 44
3.17 121. 86
3.20 122. 36
3.20 117.85
3.19 120.80
3.19 121. 77

38 2
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.4
37.8
38.7
38.8
38.4
36.5
38.2
38.0
36.6
37.4
37.7

Highway and street
$97. 63
98.66
93.37
96. 64
101. 33
107.01
109.06
104. 00
103.34
89.41
91.14
92. 96
85.26
88.21
94. 57

41.9
40.6
39.9
40.1
41.7
43.5
43.8
41.6
41.5
36.2
37.2
38.1
34.8
36.6
38.6

Other nonbuilding
construction

$2.33 $104. 94
2.43 110.15
2.34 106. 54
2.41 109. 93
2.43 111 32
2. 46 114.05
2. 49 115.30
2. 50 115. 89
2. 49 114. 23
2.47 106. 56
2.45 110. 11
2. 44 110. 59
2.45 102.96
2.41 110. 30
2. 45 109. 82

39.9
39.2
38.6
39.4
39.9
40.3
40.6
40.1
39.8
37.0
38. 5
38.4
36.0
38.3
38.4

$2. 63
2.81
2. 76
2.79
2.79
2. 89
2. 83
2.84
2.87
2. 88
2.86
2.88
2. 86
2.88
2.86

contractors
Painting and
decorating

$2.94 $100.10
3.12 104.10
3.07 102. 31
3.09 104. 14
3.11 105. 55
3. 09 105. 95
3.12 107.76
3. 19 107. 57
3.18 105. 79
3.19 102. 20
3. 19 102. 23
3.22 102. 94
3.22 100. 78
3.23 103. 80
3.23 107.22

35.0
34.7
34.8
35.3
35. 3
35.2
35.8
35.5
34.8
33.4
33.3
33.1
32.3
33.7
34.7

Electrical work

$2.86 $125. 61
3.00 132.10
2. 94 130. 48
2. 95 131.66
2.99 134.06
3.01 132.83
3.01 132. 50
3.03 134. 30
3.04 135. 49
3. 06 128. 25
3.07 134. 75
3.11 132.35
3.12 128.25
3.08 132.17
3.09 132.97

39.5
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.9
39.3
39.2
39.5
39.5
37.5
39.4
38.7
37.5
38.2
38.1

$3.18
3.37
3. 32
3. 35
3. 36
3.38
3.38
3.40
3.43
3.42
3. 42
3.42
3. 42
3.46
3.49

Manufacturing

Total: Manufacturing

$2. 86 $79.99
3.02 82.39
2.97 81. 59
2.99 81.78
2. 99 82.80
3.00 82.18
3.03 82.80
3. 08 82. 99
3.09 82. 56
3.09 82. 92
3.10 82. 74
3.13 81.27
3.11 80.64
3.11 81.45
3.10 80. 81

40.4
39.8
39.8
39.7
40.0
39.7
40.0
39.9
39.5
39.3
39.4
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.3

Durable goods 3

$1.98 $86.31
2.07 88. 66
2.05 88.29
2.06 87.85
2.07 88.70
2.07 88.00
2. 07 89.06
2.08 89. 24
2.09 88. 75
2.11 88. 93
2. 10 88. 93
2.10 87.14
2. 10 86. 46
2.11 87. 75
2.11 86.91

41.1
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.2
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8

Nondurable goods *

$2.10 $71.10
2.20 74.09
2.18 72. 74
2.18 73.13
2.19 74.09
2.20 74. 47
2.21 74.26
2. 22 75. 24
2.23 74.10
2.24 74.50
2. 24 74. 88
2.24 73. 73
2.24 73.15
2.25 73. 53
2.24 73.14

39 5
39.2
38.9
38 9
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.4
38.1
38.1
37.7

Total: Ordnance
and accessories

$1.80 $91. 54
1.89 95.06
1.87 95.63
1.88 94.02
1.89 94.83
1.89 93.60
1.88 93. 83
1.90 95.04
1.90 94.96
1.92 96.00
1.92 98. 74
1.92 100. 77
1.92 99. 06
1.93 99.72
1.94 100. 53

Food and kindred
products
Total: Food and
kindred products

41.8 $2.19 $75 03
40.8
2.33 78.17
41.4
2.31 77.20
40.7
2.31 78.38
2. 33 78.94
40.7
40.0
2. 34 79.27
40. 1 2. 34 77. 71
2. 37 79. 10
40.1
39.9
2.38 77. 99
40.0
2.40 79.18
2. 42 80.18
40.8
41.3
2. 44 80.80
40.6
2. 44 79. 80
40.7
2.45 79.80
2. 47 80.00
40.7

41.0
40.5
40.0
40.4
40.9
41.5
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.2
39.7
39.7
39.8

$1.83
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.98
1.91
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.97
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01

810
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Year and month

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Meat products «

1956: Average_____ $84.03
1957: Average_____ 87.08
April..... ......... 84.99
M ay________ 86.28
June..............
87.13
July................ 87. 31
August............ 85. 22
September___ 89. 60
October........... 89 13
November___ 90. 83
December___
89.32
1958: January........... 89.15
February........ 86. 30
March______
86. 75
April................ 87.25

41.6 $2.02 $92.00
40. 5 2.15 96.64
39.9
2.13 93.15
2.12 95.17
40.7
41.1
2.12 95.87
40.8
2.14 95. 76
40.2
2.12 94.19
41. 1 2.18 100. 08
40.7
2 19 99.29
41.1
2. 21 101. 82
40.6
2.20 99.12
2.24 99. 39
39.8
38.7
2.23 95.83
38.9
2.23 96.80
39.3
2.22 95.83

Canning and
preserving 4
1956: Average_____ $62.02
1957: Average_____ 63.41
April.—........... 62.83
M ay................ 62. 75
June________ 61.18
July....... .......... 64.17
August............ 65.93
September___ 66.01
October_____ 62. 65
November___ 60. 26
December___ 63. 84
1958: January_____ 64.98
February____ 63.41
M arch______
62.50
April............... 65.25

39.5
38.9
37.4
37.8
38.0
41.4
40.7
41. 0
38.2
37.2
38.0
38.0
37.3
37.2
37.5

40.6
40.3
40.2
40.4
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.3
40.0
40.0
40.1
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.9

1956: Average......... $61. 85
1957: Average........... 64. 48
A p ril.............. 63.60
M ay................ 63. 57
June________ 65.85
July................. 64.22
August............ 65. 77
September___ 66. 67
O ctober......... 64.15
November___ 64.15
December___ 64. 08
1958: January_____ 65. 74
February____ 64.68
March______ 64.68
April_______
65.02

39.9
39.8
39.5
39.0
40.4
39.4
40.6
40.9
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.6
39.2
39.2
38.7

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

40.7
40.5
40.5
40.6
40.9
40.9
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.9
40.1

Dairy products4

$2.05 $74. 47
2.19 77. 46
2.15 75.84
2.17 77. 53
2.18 78.87
2.19 80.85
2.18 77.83
2. 21 78. 91
2. 24 77 38
2. 26 77.00
2.26 78. 96
2.27 79.99
2.27 79. 42
2.26 78.47
2.27 79. 46

41.5 $1.59 $80.97
40.4
1. 65 85.50
38.2
1. 74 82.22
39.2
1.70 83.61
38.6
1.66 83.66
44.0
1. 53 86. 72
41.9
1.65 87. 56
41.9
1.65 90. 74
39.7
1.66 88. 24
39.1
1. 63 85. 85
39. 4 1.71 87.67
38.8
1. 76 88.51
37.9
1.75 88. 54
37.4
1.73 87.70
38.4
1.81 87.49

40.0
39.5
39.0
39.6
40.9
41.6
40.1
39.6
39.0
39.0
39.3
39.6
39.4
39.4
39.3

$35.41
88.18
87.16
88.62
91.35
92.74
89. 95
89.42
87. 47
86.80
88. 70
87.81
87. 36
88.03
88.26

43.3
43.4
42.6
43.1
43.8
44.7
44.0
44.7
43.9
42.5
43.4
43.6
43.4
43.2
43.1

43.0
43.4
39.4
40.2
43.4
42.0
39.1
41.8
41.7
49.8
50.2
43.1
41.5
40.4
40.9

43.9
43.9
43.1
43.4
43.3
44.3
44.0
45.5
44.0
43.3
44.3
44.5
43.9
44.0
43.5

41.8
41.9
40.2
41.6
45.3
43.4
41.3
41.8
42.3
41.0
42.3
41.6
40.0
39.9
41.6

M a lt liquors

41.2 $1. 57 $103.08
41.5
1.62 107. 44
41.0
1.59 105.86
41.5
1.62 108.13
42.5
1.67 111.35
43.7
1.66 112. 74
42. 5
1.63 109. 73
42.2
1.64 108. 08
40.5
1.62 106.15
40.1
1.63 105. 49
40. 7 1.66 109. 30
40.2
1. 64 107.25
40.1
1.63 106. 70
40.8
1.63 107.92
41.1
1.64 108.03

42.1
41. 9
41.5
42.8
42.8
43.8
41.8
41.6
41.5
40.9
41.7
41.9
41.8
41.5
42.4

$1.84
1. 95
1.91
1.93
1.96
1.97
1. 95
1.98
1.99
1. 99
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.00
2.00

P r e p a r e d feeds

$1.93 $76.83
2.02 79. 97
1. 97 79.06
1.97 79.17
1.99 80. 10
2.02 81.99
2.05 81.35
2.09 82.40
2.06 82. 21
2.07 80. 33
2.06 82. 84
2.07 84.42
2.05 82.32
2.06 82.27
2.05 84.48

C an e-sugar refining

$1.86 $86.94
1.94 92.18
2.06 87.64
2.08 91.10
2. 13 102.38
2.09 96. 78
2.07 90.86
2.06 92. 80
1.89 93. 91
1. 76 91.84
1.80 94. 33
2.00 93.60
2. 06 89.60
2.10 90.97
2.17 97. 76

Ice cream and ices

43.9 $1.73 $77. 46
42. 5 1.85 81. 71
42.7
1.83 79. 27
43.3
1.83 82.60
43.2
1.85 83 89
43.6
1.85 86.29
1.84 81. 51
42.7
43.0
1.87 82. 37
41.5
1.87 82. 59
41.1
1.89 81.39
41.5
1.92 82. 57
41.3
1.94 83.38
41.2
1.93 83.60
40.9
1.96 83.00
40.9
1.98 84.80

F lo u r a n d other
g ra in -m ill p ro d u c ts

$1.87 $84. 73
1. 97 88.68
1.93 84.91
1.94 85. 50
1.91 86.17
1. 94 89.49
1.99 90.20
2.03 95.10
2.01 90.64
2.02 89.63
2 . 02 91.26
2. 03 92.12
2.04 90.00
2.03 90.64
2.03 89.18

B o ttled so ft d rin k s

40.1 $2.13 $64.68
39.9
2. 21 67. 23
39.8
2.19 65.19
40.1
2.21 67. 23
40.6
2.25 70.98
41.4
2. 24 72.54
40.7
2.21 69.28
40. 1 2.23 69. 21
39. 4 2 22 65.61
39. 1 2. 22 65. 36
39.6
2. 24 67. 56
39.2
2.24 65. 93
2. 24 65.36
39.0
39.3
2.24 66.50
39.4
2.24 67.40

Condensed and
evaporated milk

$1.74 $75.95
1.84 78.63
1.81 78.14
1. 82 79.24
1.83 79.92
1.85 80.66
1. 84 78.57
1.87 80. 41
1.86 77.61
1.86 77.68
1.88 79.68
1.90 80.12
1.90 79.52
1.90 80.16
1.91 80. 98

Sugar 4

$1.65 $79.98
1.73 84.20
1.71 81.16
1.71 83. 62
1.72 92. 41
1.73 87.78
1. 73 80. 94
1. 72 86. 11
1.76 78. 81
1.80 87. 65
1.81 90. 36
1. 82 86. 20
1.82 85. 49
1.81 84.84
1.81 88.75

Beverages 4

42.3
42.1
41.9
42.6
43.1
43.7
42.3
42.2
41.6
41.4
42.0
42.1
41.8
41.3
41.6

Grain-mill products 4

B is c u its , crackers,
a n d p r e tze ls

$1.84 $66.00
1.92 68. 34
1.89 66.69
1.91 67. 72
1.92 70.35
1. 93 71. 97
1. 92 69.37
1.94 68.11
1.95 68.64
1.97 70.20
1.96 71.13
1. 96 72.07
1.98 71. 71
1.97 71.31
1.97 71.13

39.8 $1.50
39.6
1. 57
39. 2
1.57
38.7
1.58
40.2
1.59
39.0
1.58
40.5
1. 58
40.8
1.59
39.3
1.58
39.3
1. 57
39.6
1.56
39.5
1. 61
39.2
1.60
39.0
1.60
38.5
1.63

41.5
40.6
40.5
41.0
41.8
41.6
40.7
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.7
40.3
39.7
39.7
39.5

C a n n ed f r u its , vege­
tables, a n d so u p s

30.7 $1.65 $65.99
30. 7 1.70 6 6 .6 6
31.4
1. 71 66.47
31. 1 1. 73 66. 64
32.0
1.57 64.08
33.6
1.63 67.32
30.2
1.70 69. 14
33.6
1. 73 68.30
29.8
1.70 65.90
26.6
1.77 63. 73
28.5
1. 77 67. 37
30.1
1.81 68.29
28.5
1.77 66. 33
29.7
1.78 64.70
32.2
1.78 69. 50

C onfectionery

$1.55 $59.70
1. 62 62.17
1.61 61.54
1.63 61.15
1.63 63.92
1.63 61. 62
1.62 63. 99
1.63 64. 87
1.62 62.09
1.62 61.70
1.61 61.78
1.66 63.60
1.65 62.72
1.65 62.40
1.68 62. 76

Sausages and
casings

$2.18 $85.08
2.34 88. 91
2.30 87.08
2.31 88.97
2.31 91.12
2.33 91.10
2. 32 88.73
2.40 89. 95
2. 41 90. 72
2. 43 92.89
2. 40 91.98
2.43 91. 48
2.42 90.12
2.42 89.72
2.42 89.67

B re a d a n d other
bakery p ro d u c ts

$1.80 $74. 89
1. 88 77. 76
1.85 76. 55
1.87 77.55
1.88 78. 53
1.89 78.94
1.88 78.14
1.90 78. 57
1.91 78. 59
1.94 79. 19
1. 93 78. 99
1.93 78.01
1.95 78.80
1.94 78.60
1.94 79.00

Confectionery and
related products 4

42.2
41.3
40.5
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.6
41.7
41.2
41.9
41.3
40.9
39.6
40.0
39.6

Seafood, ca n n ed and
cured

$1. 57 $50.66
1.63 52.19
1.68 53.69
1.66 53.80
1.61 50. 24
1.55 54. 77
1. 62 51.34
1.61 58.13
1.64 50. 66
1. 62 47. 08
1.68 50.45
1.71 54. 48
1.70 50.45
1.68 52. 87
1.74 57.32

Bakery products 4
1956: Average_____ $73. 08
1957: Average_____ 75. 76
April----------74. 37
M ay................ 75. 55
June................ 76.89
July....... .......... 77.49
A ugust.......... 76.33
September___ 76. 57
October........... 76.40
November___ 77.60
December___
77.39
1958: January........... 76.81
February........ 77. 42
March______
77.21
April_______
77.41

Meatpacking, wholetale

43.9
43.7
43.2
43.5
44.5
45.3
44.7
44.3
44.2
42.5
43.6
44.2
43.1
43.3
44.0

$1.75
1.83
1.83
1.82
1.80
1.81
1. 82
1.86
1.86
1. 89
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.92

B eet su gar

$2.08 $78.12
2.20 79. 42
2.18 78.39
2. 19 74. 40
2.26 81.61
2.23 79.79
2.20 70.60
2.22 83. 95
2. 22 72.80
2. 24 86.91
2.23 91. 45
2.25 84.23
2.24 84.87
2.28 83.88
2.35 79.66

43.4
42.7
39.0
37.2
40.2
40.3
35.3
42.4
41.6
49.1
49.7
44.1
41.2
38.3
37.4

$1.80
1.86
2. 01
2.00
2.03
1.98
2.00
1.98
1.75
1.77
1.84
1. 91
2.06
2.19
2.13

D is tille d , rectified, an d
blended liquors

39.8 $2. 59 $81.90
2. 72 84. 20
39.5
39.5
2.68 85.09
39.9
2. 71 83. 54
40.2
2. 77 84.42
2.77 86.02
40.7
39.9
2. 75 85. 69
2. 75 84. 52
39.3
38.6
2. 75 84.97
38. 5 2. 74 86. 19
39.6
2.76 83. 22
39.0
2. 75 85. 57
38.8
2. 75 84.22
39.1
2. 76 83.78
39.0
2. 77 82. 43

39.0 $2.10
38. 1 2.21
38.5
2.21
37.8
2.21
38.2
2.21
39.1
2.20
38.6
2.22
2.23
37.9
38.8
2.19
2. 21
39.0
38.0
2.19
38.2
2. 24
37.6
2.24
37.4
2.24
36.8
2.24

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

811

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly, wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Year and month

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Miscellaneous food
products 4

1956: Average.......... $72. 92
1957: Average........... 76.86
April.— ......... 74. 85
M ay________
74.30
June....... ........ 76 36
July................. 77.79
August............ 78.06
September___ 78. 88
October_____
77.49
November___ 77. 71
December....... 78.69
1958: Jan u ary ......... 79. 30
February____ 79. 90
M arch............. 79.73
April............... 77.95

41.2
41.1
40.9
40.6
41.5
41.6
41.3
41.3
41.0
40.9
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.1
40.6

C orn s ir u p , su gar,
oil, a n d starch

$1.77 $86. 53
1.87 91.49
1.83 86.88
1.83 88.80
1.84 90.69
1.87 95.37
1.89 06 02
1.91 94. 62
1. 89 95 26
1.90 93. 89
1.91 92. 21
1.92 93. 15
1.93 94.21
1.94 90.63
1.92 94.30

41.4
41.4
40.6
41 3
41.6
42.2
42 3
41.5
41.6
41.0
40.8
41.4
41.5
40.1
41.0

Tobacco manufactures

M a n u fa c tu r e d ice

$2.09 $69.71
2. 21 73.59
2.14 73.02
2.15 72.90
2. 18 72. 70
2.26 74. 49
2.27 73 54
2.28 74. 09
2.29 71.81
2.29 74.12
2.26 75.10
2.25 74. 48
2.27 73.95
2.26 75.86
2.30 75.07

44.4
44.6
44.8
45.0
44.6
45.7
44.3
44.1
43.0
43.6
44.7
44.6
43.5
43.6
43.9

Total: Tobacco
manufactures

$1.57 $56. 41
1.65 58. 91
1.63 57. 04
1.62 61.78
1.63 60.99
1.63 63. 76
1 66 57.22
1.68 58.11
1.67 56.30
1.70 58. 13
1.68 60. 61
1.67 60. 84
1.70 58. 97
1.74 59.36
1.71 62.70

Tobacco manufactures—Continued
Tobacco and snuff
1056: Average_____ $57.13
1957: Average........... 60. 75
April............... 57.83
M a y ..... .........
59.98
June________ 61.94
July.......... ...... 62.16
August............ 62.48
September___ 61.61
October........... 60. 47
November___ 61.38
December....... 62. 32
1958: January........... 62.46
February........ 61.62
M arch............. 61.12
April_______
60.59

37.1
37.5
35.7
36.8
38.0
37.9
38 1
37.8
37.1
37.2
38.0
37.4
36.9
36.6
36.5

39.5
39.2
39.0
39.2
38.9
38.9
39.5
39.7
39 8
38.6
39.1
37.7
37.8
37.2
36.5

$1.35 $56. 28
1.41 56.70
1.40 56.26
1.40 55. 97
1.40 56. 41
1.41 56.26
1.42 56. 99
1.41 57. 52
1.42 57.67
1.41 56. 94
1.42 57.28
1.41 54. 96
1. 41 55.10
1.41 54.81
1.41 52. 85

Narrow fabrics
and small wares

40.2
39.1
38.8
38.6
38.9
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.0
39.5
37.9
38.0
37.8
36.7

Total: Textilemill products

$1.20 $57.57
1. 26 58. 35
1.45 67.90
1.46 57.60
1.45 68.35
1.44 57.90
1.20 58.65
1.17 59. 04
1.18 59.04
1.24 58.29
1.29 58. 35
1.29 56.40
1.33 56.70
1.39 56. 40
1.49 54.90

Broad-woven
fabric mills 4

Thread m ill)

1956: Average.......... $53.33
1957: Average_____ 55. 27
A pril......... .
54.60
M ay________
64.88
June...... .........
54. 46
July...............
54.85
August............ 56.09
September___ 55. 98
O ctober......... 56. 52
November___ 54. 43
55. 52
December___
1958: January_____ 53.16
February____ 53.30
M arch______ ,52. 45
April....... ........ 51.47

39.2
37.6
37.0
38.6
37.6
38.3
37.9
40.9
38.3
33. 5
39.6
39.1
39.3
37.4
36.8

39.7
38.9
38.6
38.4
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.1
39.1
38.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6

Scouring and
combing plants

$1. 45 $66.56
1.50 64. 40
1.50 64. 72
1.50 65. 92
1.50 68.20
1.50 69. 47
1.50 62. 81
1. 51 64.08
1. 51 59. 84
1.51 60.70
1.50 63. 12
1.50 60. 92
1.50 63.60
1.50 61.39
1.50 62.64
Coffon, silk ,

39.8
40.0
39.8
39.8
40.4
40.2
40.0
40.5
39.7
38.8
39.7
39.0
38.3
38.4
38.3

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

40.5
40.1
37.5
41.5
40.1
43.4
39.5
39.9
37.9
38.9
40.0
40.7
38.1
37.8
40.6

$1. 75 $47.63
1.84 49.88
1.48 47.55
1.86 48. 86
1.86 49 63
1.87 47. 78
1.83 50 27
1.82 52.38
1.82 52.90
1.87 52. 75
1.88 51.05
1.87 49. 98
1.85 49. 71
1.86 49.14
1.91 47.93

37.5
37.5
36.3
37.3
37.6
36.2
37 8
38.8
38.9
38.5
38. 1
37.3
37.1
36.4
35.5

$1.27
1.33
1.31
1.31
1 32
1.32
1.33
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.35
1.35

41.6
40.0
40.2
41.2
42.1
42.1
39.5
40.3
37.4
37.7
39.7
38.8
40.0
39.1
39.9

Yam and
thread m ills4

$1.60 $52. 53
1. 61 52. 72
1.61 52. 44
1.60 52.68
1.62 52.85
1.65 53.10
1.59 52. 61
1.59 52.58
1.60 52. 82
1.61 51.99
1.59 52.30
1.57 50.23
1.59 50.09
1.57 49.62
1.57 48.37

39.2
38.2
38 0
37.9
38.3
38.2
38.4
38.1
38.0
37.4
37.9
36.4
36.3
35.7
34.8

Y a r n m ills

$1.34 $52. 53
1.38 53.10
1.38 52.68
1.39 52. 54
1.38 53 24
1.39 53. 10
1.37 52. 61
1.38 52. 44
1.39 52. 54
1.39 51.85
1.38 52. 16
1. 38 50. 09
1.38 49.82
1.39 49.35
1.39 48.09

39.2
38.2
37.9
37.8
38 3
38.2
38 4
38.0
37.8
37 3
37.8
36.3
36.1
35.5
34.6

$1.34
1.39
1 39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.37
1. 38
1 39
1.39
1.38
1. 38
1.38
1.39
1.39

syn th etic fiber
W oolen a n d w orsted

United States
$1.40 $54. 66
1. 45 55. 48
1. 45 55.06
1. 45 54.10
1.45 54. 91
1.45 54. 77
1. 45 55. 77
1.46 56. 30
1.46 56. 88
1.46 56.30
1. 45 56.49
1. 45 54.20
1.45 54.20
1.45 53.25
1.44 51.18

39.9
38.8
38.5
38.1
38.4
38.3
39.0
39.1
39.5
39.1
39.5
37.9
37.9
37.5
36.3

North

$1.37 $.58. 46
1.43 58. 91
1.43 57. 46
1.42 57. 61
1.43 59.67
1.43 59. 98
1.43 60.74
1. 44 60. 83
1.44 59.36
1.44 57.68
1.43 59. 58
1.43 58. 22
1.43 58.06
1.42 56.85
1.41 56.32

39.5
38. 5
37.8
37.9
39.0
39.2
39.7
39.5
38.8
37.7
39.2
38.3
38.2
37.4
37.3

South
$1. 48 $54.00
1. 53 55.24
1.52 54. 43
1. 52 53.72
1.53 54.00
1.53 53.86
1.53 54 85
1.54 55.38
1.53 56. 63
1.53 56.20
1.52 56.23
1.52 53. 30
1.52 53.30
1.52 52.88
1.51 50. 68

40.0
38. 9
38.6
38.1
38.3
38.2
38.9
39.0
39 6
39.3
39.6
37.8
37.8
37.5
36.2

F u ll-fash ion ed hosiery

$1.35 $65.31
1.42 65.28
1.41 65. 44
1.41 66 72
1.41 67.20
1.41 66. 56
1.41 65 67
1.42 66.24
1.43 62.65
1.43 60. 58
1.42 62. 49
1.41 60.90
1.41 62. 65
1.41 63.44
1.40 62.65

41.6
40.8
40 9
41.7
42.0
41.6
41.3
41.4
39.4
38.1
39.3
38.3
39.4
39.9
39.4

$1. 57
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1 59
1.60
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.59
1. 59
1.59
1.59

S ea m less hosiery

Knitting mills 4
United States

1956: Average_____ $58. 51
1957: Average_____ 60.80
A pril.............. 60.10
M ay________
60. 10
J udo________ 61 40
July................. 61.51
August....... .
60.80
September___ 61.97
October_____ 61.14
November___ 60.14
December___
60. 74
1958: January........... 59. 67
February____ 58. 22
M arch______
58.37
April........ ...... 57.83

$1. 45 $70. 88
1. 53 73. 78
1. 55 67.88
1.58 77.19
1.58 74.59
1.61 81.16
1.49 72.29
1.46 72. 62
1.47 68.98
1. 55 72. 74
1.55 75. 20
1.56 76.11
1.56 70. 49
1.60 70.31
1.65 77.55

Cigars

Textile-mill products

Tobacco stemming
and redrying

$1. 54 $47. 04
1.62 47. 38
1.62 53. 65
1.63 56. 36
1.63 54. 52
1.64 55.15
1.64 45. 48
1.63 47. 85
1.63 45.19
1. 65 41. 54
1.64 51.08
1.67 50. 44
1.67 52.27
1.67 51.99
1.66 54.83

38.9
38.5
36.8
39.1
38.6
39.6
38.4
39.8
38.3
37.5
39.1
39.0
37.8
37.1
38.0

Cigarettes

$1. 47 $53. 68
1.52 54. 46
1. 51 53. 65
1. 51 53. 73
1.52 54.46
1.53 53. 94
1.52 55.33
1. 53 55.71
1.54 55 19
1. 55 54. 46
1.53 54.17
1.53 52. 33
1.52 52. 85
1.52 53.29
1.51 51.89

37.8
37.3
37.0
36.8
37.3
37.2
37.9
37.9
37.8
37.3
37.1
35.6
36.2
36.5
35.3

$1.42 $58.98
1. 46 57. 51
1.45 57.97
1.46 55.80
1.46 54.56
1.46 54.10
1.46 55.90
1.47 56.06
1. 46 58. 28
1.46 58. 83
1.46 58.83
1.47 56.83
1.46 57.68
1.46 58.60
1.47 55.63

38.3
37.1
37.4
36.0
35.2
34.9
36.3
36.4
37.6
38.2
38.2
36.9
37.7
38.3
36.6

$1. 54 $58.98
1. 55 59. 99
1. 55 56.62
1. 55 57.60
1. 55 58.06
1.55 58. 37
1. 54 59. 21
1.54 61.23
1.55 62.09
1. 54 62.64
1.54 59.90
1.54 58.30
1.53 56.06
1.53 56.09
1.52 55.48

North
38.8
38.7
38.0
37.4
37.7
37.9
38.2
39.0
39.3
39.9
38.4
36.9
36.4
36.9
36.5

South
$1. 52 $59. 06
1. 55 56. 58
1.49 58.40
1.54 55 22
1.54 53. 20
1. 54 52.08
1.55 54. 67
1.57 54. 01
1.58 56. 46
1. 57 57. 22
1. 56 58. 29
1. 58 56. 46
1. 54 58. 45
1.52 59. 36
1.52 55.78

38.1
36.5
37.2
35.4
34.1
33.6
35.5
35.3
36.9
37. 4
38.1
36.9
38.2
38.8
36.7

United States
$1. 55 $46.21
1. 55 48. 55
1.57 47.30
1.56 47.88
1.56 49. 21
1.55 47.95
1. 54 49.63
1. 53 49. 34
1. 53 50.25
1. 53 49.41
1.53 49.01
1. 53 47. 06
1.53 47. 46
1.53 47.19
1.52 45.35

36 1 $1.28
36.5
1.33
35 3
1.34
1.33
36.0
37.0
1.33
36.6
1.31
1.32
37.6
37. 1 1.33
37.5
1.34
36.6
1.35
36.3
1.35
34.6
1.36
34.9
1.36
34.7
1.36
33.1
1.37

812

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees x—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ing»

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg, Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. Wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Textile-mill producta—Continued
S e a m le ss hosiery— Continued
K n i t o u terw ea r

North
1856: Average........... $49. 27
1957: Average........... 51.41
April............... 50.59
M ay________ 51.17
June...............- 51.05
July................. 52.11
August______ 62. 26
September___ 52. 90
October_____ 52. 85
November___ 52. 72
December___
48.50
1958: January_____ 48.93
February........ 52. 59
M arch............. 50. 82
April....... ........ 51.38

37.9
37.8
37.2
37.9
38.1
38.6
39.0
38.9
38.3
38.2
35.4
35.2
37.3
36.3
36.7

$1.30 $45.82
1.36 48.28
1.36 46.90
1. 35 47.48
1.34 48.94
1.35 47.19
1.34 49.37
1.36 48. 94
1.38 49. 74
1.38 48.64
1.37 49.14
1.39 46. 92
1.41 46. 71
1.40 46.92
1.40 44.34

Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings 4
1956: Average........... $73. 98
1957: Average........... 74.34
April............... 74.34
M ay________ 73.05
June................ 72.29
July................. 72.07
August______ 73.53
September___ 75. 67
October_____
75.26
November___ 74.37
December___
75.33
1958: Ja n u ary ......... 76.89
February........ 75.14
March.........
75.74
April________ 73.13

41.1
40.4
40.4
39.7
39.5
39.6
40.4
40.9
40.9
40.2
40.5
40.9
40.4
40.5
38.9

K n i t u n d e rw e a r

South
35.8
36.3
35.0
35.7
36.8
36.3
37.4
36.8
37.4
36.3
36.4
34.5
34.6
34.5
32.6

$1.28 $56.15
1.33 57. 30
1.34 55.88
1.33 57.00
1.33 58. 75
1.30 59.14
1.32 59.75
1.33 60. 21
1.33 58.06
1.34 57.07
1.35 55.48
1.36 52.74
1.35 54.26
1. 36 55.18
1. 36 54. 72

W ool ca rp ets, rugs,
a n d c a r p e t y a rn

$1.80 $73. 26
1.84 71.89
1.84 72.44
1.84 71.16
1.83 68. 76
1.82 68. 76
1.82 72.07
1.85 72. 47
1. 84 71. 55
1.85 69.32
1.86 71.74
1.88 74.59
1.86 72. 86
1.87 71.39
1.88 68.08

40.7
39.5
39.8
39.1
38.2
38.2
39.6
39.6
39.1
38.3
39.2
40.1
39.6
38.8
37.2

3A 2
37.7
37.5
37.5
38.4
38.4
38.8
39.1
37.7
37.3
36.5
34.7
35.7
36.3
36.0

$1.47 $49.91
1.52 50. 55
1.49 51. 47
1.52 50.05
1. 53 51.14
1.54 60 86
1.54 51.14
1.54 52.03
1.54 51.75
1. 53 49.82
1.52 50. 42
1.52 49.82
1.52 49. 54
1.52 49.96
1. 52 47.33

Hats (except cloth
and millinery)

$1.80 $57.38
1.82 59.57
1.82 54.61
1.82 58. 48
1.80 59.76
1.80 59.01
1.82 62.16
1.83 61.38
1.83 58.91
1.81 61.62
1.83 63. 79
1.86 60. 26
1.84 59. 29
1.84 57.35
1.83 54.58

35.2
36.1
33.3
36.1
36.0
36.2
37.9
37.2
35.7
36.9
38.2
37.2
36.6
35.4
33.9

38.1
36.9
37.3
36.8
87.6
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.5
36.1
36.8
36.1
35.9
36.2
34.3

$1.31 $65. 92
1.37 67.16
1.38 67. 49
1.36 66.83
1.36 69.22
1. 36 65.60
1.36 67.16
1.38 67.16
1.38 67.16
1.38 66.73
1.37 66. 50
1.38 64.12
1.38 66. 50
1.38 65.11
1.38 63.96

Miscellaneous textile
goods4

$1.63 $66,83
1.65 69.20
1.64 67.49
1.62 67.15
1.66 69.37
1.63 69. 95
1.64 69. 65
1.65 70.53
1.65 70.00
1.67 70.31
1.67 69.83
1.62 66. 64
1.62 66. 95
1.62 66.95
1.61 65. 70

40.5
40.0
39.7
39.5
40.1
40.2
39.8
40.3
40.0
39.5
39.9
38.3
38.7
38.7
38.2

1.73
1.70
1.70
1.73
1.74
1. 75
1.75
1.75
1.78
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.72

1956: Average_____ $68. 85
1957: Average.......... 70. 75
April............. . 70.24
M ay________ 69.49
June________ 69.95
July....... ......... 71.28
August............ 70. 45
September___ 70.84
October........... 70.27
November___ 73.02
December___
72.80
1958: January_____ 68.38
February........ 66.73
M arch............. 67.46
April________ 67.06

40.5
40.2
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.9
40.0
38.2
37.7
37.9
38.1

$1.70 $53.97
1.76 57.26
1.73 56.30
1.72 57.26
1.74 58.66
1.76 58.80
1. 77 57.82
1.78 58.66
1.77 67.37
1.83 56.09
1.82 58.52
1.79 57.34
1.77 57.17
1.78 58.00
1.76 57. 89

M en’s and boys’
furnishings and
work clothing 4
1956: Average_____ $45. 26
36.5
1957: Average........... 46.59
36.4
April............. . 45. 72 36.0
May................ 45.97
36.2
June________ 46. 37
36.8
July................. 46. 48 36.6
August______ 47.63
37.5
September___ 48.00
37.5
October........... 46. 98 36.7
November___ 45. 57 35.6
December....... 45.31
35.4
1958: January_____ 45. 67 35.4
February........ 44. 96 35.4
M arch______
35.3
45.18
A p ril.......... .
44.03
34.4
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

P ro cessed w a ste a n d
recovered fibers

41.2
40.9
40.5
40.9
41.6
41.7
41.3
41.6
40.4
39.5
41.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
40.2

S h irts, collars, a n d
n ig h tw ea r

$1,24 $45. 51
1.28 46. 46
1. 27 44.67
1.27 45. 57
1.26 45.97
1.27 46. 48
1. 27 47.74
1.28 48.26
1.28 47. 86
1.28 47.34
1.28 46. 57
1.29 45.80
1.27 45. 44
1.28 45. 44
1.28 44.54

36.7
36.3
34.9
35.6
36.2
36.6
37.3
37.7
37.1
36.7
36.1
35.5
35.5
35.5
34.8

44.0
43.5
41.6
41.8
43.9
44.7
44.9
45.6
45.0
44.7
43.9
41.7
41.3
40.9
39.6

36.9
36.1
36.3
36.0
36.3
36.7
37.1
36.2
35.6
32.9
35.3
36.6
36.4
36.2
34.8

C ordage a n d tw in e

$2.00 $56. 99
2.13 58.74
2.05 58.80
2.07 57.15
2.12 57.68
2.17 57.83
2.17 58. 67
2.20 59.67
2.18 58.82
2.22 57.53
2.18 59.36
2.14 55. 78
2.13 58. 98
2.12 58.37
2.11 57.60

S e p a ra te tro u sers

$1. 24 $46. 49
1.28 46. 93
1.28 47.55
1.28 46.80
1.27 47.19
1. 27 47. 34
1.28 48.23
1.28 47. 42
1.29 45.92
1.29 42.77
1.29 45.89
1. 29 48.31
1.28 47.68
1.28 47.78
1.28 45. 59

74.77
71.02
71.23
73.49
72. 52
73.70
73.32
77. 42
74.77
72.91
71.24
70.68
72.58
69.92

40.4
40.2
38.6
38.5
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.0
41.4
40.2
39.2
38.3
37.2
38.2
36.8

D y e in g a n d fin ish in g
textiles (e x cep t w ool )

$1.60 $65. 51
1.65 66. 58
1. 65 66. 75
1.65 66.09
1.66 68. 81
1.64 64.87
1.65 66. 42
1.65 66.42
1.65 66. 91
1.66 66.83
1.65 66.75
1.64 64.22
1.65 66.42
1.64 65.04
1.64 63.90

41.2
40.6
40.7
40.3
41.7
39.8
40.5
40.5
40.8
40.5
40.7
39.4
40.5
39.9
39.2

$1.59
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.65
1.63
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.64
1.63
1.63

L a ce goods

$1.76 $66 09
1.86 67.14
1.84 67.32
1.85 67 13
1. 87 68.80
1.85 69.36
1.88 67. 51
1.88 68. 99
1.87 66.98
1.86 66. 41
1.86 66. 57
1.86 63.72
1.90 64. 38
1.90 65. 30
1.90 66.05

38.2
37.3
37.4
37.5
37.8
37.9
37.3
37.7
36.8
37.1
37.4
35.4
37.0
37.1
36.9

$1. 73
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.82
1.83
1.81
1.83
1.82
1.79
1.78
1.80
1. 76
1.77
1.95

Apparel and other finished textile products

A r tific ia l leather, o il­
cloth,
and
other
coated fa b rics

$1.31 $88.00
1.40 92.66
1.39 85.28
1.40 86.53
1.41 93. 07
1. 41 97.00
1.40 97. 43
1.41 100. 32
1.42 98.10
1.42 99.23
1.41 95. 70
1.43 89.24
1.44 87.97
1.45 86. 71
1.44 83. 56

41.2
40.7
40.9
40.5
41.7
40.0
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.2
40.3
39.1
40.3
39.7
39.0

F e lt goods (except
w oven fe lts a n d h a ts )

$1.66 $71.10

Textile-mill products—Continued
P a d d in g s a n d u p h o l­
stery fillin g

Dyeing and finishing
textiles 4

39.3
38.9
39.2
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.6
39.0
38.7
37.6
38.8
36.7
38.3
37.9
37.4

W o rk sh irts

$1.26 $39.82
1.30 42.47
1.31 42.60
1.30 42.34
1.30 42.92
1.29 43.50
1.30 43.82
1.31 43.15
1.29 41.18
1.30 41.18
1.30 41.65
1.32 40. 59
1.31 42. 46
1.32 43.78
1.31 42. 24

Total: Apparel and
other finished tex­
tile products

$1.45 $52.64
1.51 53.64
1.50 52. 84
1. 50 52.98
1.51 53. 34
1.51 54.15
1.52 55.20
1.53 55. 42
1.52 53. 49
1.53 53.10
1.53 52.80
1.52 52. 65
1.54 52. 65
1.54 52.05
1.54 51.45

36.3
36.0
35.7
35.8
35.8
36.1
36.8
36.7
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.3

$1.45 $63.12
1.49 63.01
1.48 62.48
1.48 63.37
1.49 64. 08
1.50 63.90
1.50 64.62
1. 51 63. 90
1.49 61.42
1.50 60.34
1.50 60.54
1.50 60.02
1.50 58. 61
1.50 58.43
1.50 55.65

Women’s outerwear4

36.2 $1.10 $57. 02
36.3
1.17 57.92
36. 1 1.18 57. 70
36.5
1.16 57.35
1.16 55.24
37.0
37.5
1.16 58.98
38.1
1.15 60.48
1.16 59.14
37.2
35.5
1.16 56.25
1.18 56.09
34.9
35.6
1.17 54. 92
34.4
1.18 56.93
36.6
1.16 57. 77
1.18 54. 45
37.1
1.18 56.78
35.8

35.2
35.1
35.4
35.4
34.1
34.9
36.0
35.2
34.3
34.2
33.9
34.5
34.8
33.0
34.0

M en’s and boys’
Bults and coats

1.65
1. 67

$1.72
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.79
1.77
1.79
1.79
1.77
1.78
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.75

W o m e n ’s dresses

$1.62 $55.62
1.65 56.03
1.63 59.01
1.62 58.03
1.62 53.09
1.69 54.42
1.68 58.19
1.68 57. 75
1.64 55.24
1.64 53.92
1.62 53. 61
1. 65 55.24
1.66

36.7
35.6
35.5
35.8
35.8
36.1
36.1
35.7
34.7
33.9
34.4
34.1
33.3
33.2
31.8

55. 38
49. 41
59.69

35.2
34.8
36.2
35.6
33.6
33.8
35.7
35.0
34.1
33.7
33.3
34.1
34.4
30.5
34.5

$1.58
1.61
1.63
1.63
1.58
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.62
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.61
1.62
1.73

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

813

Table C - l . H ours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory em ployees 1— Con.
A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

Y ea r a n d m o n th

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d
A p p a r e l a n d o t h e r f in i s h e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s — C o n t i n u e d

Household apparel
1956: A v e r a g e ...............
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l ......................
M a y ......................
J u n e .......................
J u l y ........................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________

$44. 76
46. 67
48. 10
47. 97
4 5 .5 0
4 5 .0 6
4 5 .4 4
45. 76
4 5 .8 9
4 7 .1 9
46. 96
4 5 .8 9
4 4 .9 8
47. 29
4 7 .3 9

3 6 .1
3 6 .1
3 7 .0
3 6 .9
3 5 .0
3 5 .2
3 5 .5
3 5 .2
3 5 .3
3 6 .3
3 6 .4
3 5 .3
3 4 .6
3 6 .1
3 5 .9

$ 1 .2 4
1 .2 9
1 .3 0
1 .3 0
1 .3 0
1 .2 8
1 .2 8
1 .3 0
1 .3 0
1 .3 0
1 .2 9
1 .3 0
1 .3 0
1 .3 1
1 .3 2

C h i l d r e n ’s o u t e r w e a r

1956: A v e r a g e ________
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l ......................
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________
J u l y ........................
A u g u s t . ...............
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________

3 6 .6
3 6 .9
3 6 .3
3 6 .6
3 7 .4
3 8 .2
3 7 .5
3 6 .6
3 6 .2
3 6 .5
3 5 .4
3 6 .4
3 6 .0
3 6 .1
3 5 .7

$ 4 8 .3 1
50. 65
4 8 .2 8
4 9 .4 1
5 1 .6 1
5 2 .7 2
5 1 .3 8
50. 51
49. 59
5 0 .0 1
4 8 .1 4
49. 87
49. 68
4 9 .1 0
4 8 .2 0

$ 1 .3 2
1 .3 7
1 .3 3
1 .3 5
1 .3 8
1 .3 8
1 .3 7
1 .3 8
1 .3 7
1. 37
1 .3 6
1 .3 7
1 .3 8
1 .3 6
1 .3 5

Women’/ m itt, coatt,
and tkirit
$ 6 8 .1 4
68. 75
6 9 .8 7
6 3 .7 0
6 5 .7 3
74. 91
75. 03
7 1 .9 0
6 5 .8 9
66. 86
6 3 .8 3
69. 09
6 9 .6 3
6 5 .1 6
5 6 .3 6

3 3 .9
3 3 .7
3 0 .7
3 2 .5
3 2 .7
3 5 .5
3 5 .9
3 4 .4
3 2 .3
3 3 .1
3 2 .4
3 3 .7
3 3 .8
3 2 .1
2 9 .2

W o m e n ’s a n d c h i l ­
d r e n ’s u n d e r g a r m e n t s 4

$ 2 .0 1
2. 04
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
2 .0 1
2 .1 1
2 .0 9
2 .0 9
2 .0 4
2 .0 2
1 .9 7
2 .0 5
2 .0 6
2 .0 3
1 .9 3

$47. 55
48. 91
4 7 .7 0
47. 57
4 8 .1 1
4 8 .0 1
4 9 .8 5
5 1 .4 1
4 9 .8 2
49. 64
4 8 .2 0
48. 28
4 8 .2 0
4 8 .6 9
4 7 .6 0

M is c e lla n e o u s a p p a r e l
a n d a c c e s s o r ie s

$49. 71
4 9 .9 0
4 8 .3 7
4 8 .1 6
4 9 .6 3
5 0 .4 0
48. 79
5 1 .1 8
5 1 .6 6
5 1 .3 8
5 1 .2 4
4 9 .0 7
4 9 .0 0
4 9 .0 0
4 7 .3 2

3 7 .1
3 5 .9
3 4 .8
3 4 .4
3 5 .2
3 6 .0
3 5 .1
3 6 .3
3 6 .9
3 6 .7
3 6 .6
3 4 .8
3 5 .0
3 5 .0
3 3 .8

3 6 .3
3 6 .5
3 5 .6
35. 5
3 5 .9
3 6 .1
37. 2
3 7 .8
3 6 .9
3 6 .5
3 5 .7
3 5 .5
3 5 .7
3 5 .8
3 5 .0

$ 1 .3 1
1 .3 4
1 .3 4
1 .3 4
1 .3 4
1 .3 3
1 .3 4
1 .3 6
1 .3 5
1. 36
1 .3 5
1 .3 6
1 .3 5
1 .3 6
1 .3 6

O th e r f a b r ic a t e d
t e x t i le p r o d u c t s 4

$ 1 .3 4
1 .3 9
1 .3 9
1. 40
1 .4 1
1 .4 0
1 .3 9
1. 41
1 .4 0
1 .4 0
1 .4 0
1 .4 1
1 .4 0
1 .4 0
1 .4 0

$ 5 3 .5 3
5 6 .7 0
54. 54
5 5 .7 3
5 7 .2 3
5 6 .1 0
5 7 .9 8
57. 75
5 8 .8 3
5 9 .1 2
59. 82
5 5 .9 0
5 5 .0 2
5 5 .3 5
5 4 .0 0

3 7 .7
3 7 .8
3 7 .1
3 7 .4
3 7 .9
3 7 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .5
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 8 .1
3 6 .3
3 6 .2
3 6 .9
3 6 .0

$ 1 .4 2
1 .5 0
1. 47
1 .4 9
1 .5 1
1 .5 0
1 .51
1 .5 0
1 .5 4
1. 56
1 .5 7
1 .5 4
1. 52
1 .5 0
1. 50

Underwear and night­
wear, except corsets
$ 4 5 .5 0
47. 47
45. 95
4 5 .7 0
45. 95
46. 46
48. 38
50. 44
4 8 .8 8
48. 21
46. 31
46. 28
4 6 .8 0
47. 29
4 5 .6 3

3 6 .4
3 6 .8
3 5 .9
3 5 .7
3 5 .9
3 6 .3
3 7 .8
3 8 .5
3 7 .6
3 6 .8
3 5 .9
3 5 .6
3 6 .0
3 6 .1
3 5 .1

$ 1 .2 5
1. 29
1 .2 8
1. 28
1 .2 8
1 .2 8
1 .2 8
1 .3 1
1 .3 0
1. 31
1 .2 9
1 .3 0
1 .3 0
1 .3 1
1 .3 0

Corsets and allied
garments
$51. 77
52. 48
5 1 .6 0
51. 74
52. 41
51. 62
52. 92
5 3 .7 2
5 2 .1 0
52. 48
5 1 .7 4
52. 45
5 1 .6 5
5 2 .1 0
5 1 .7 0

Curtains, draperies,
and other housefur­
nishings
$46. 98
49. 37
4 8 .8 6
46. 64
4 7 .9 2
48. 34
50. 05
51. 59
5 1 .1 9
49. 88
5 0 .3 8
4 7 .9 7
48. 28
49. 71
4 8 .3 3

3 6 .7
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 5 .6
3 6 .3
3 6 .9
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
3 8 .2
3 7 .5
3 7 .6
3 5 .8
3 6 .3
3 7 .1
3 5 .8

$ 1 .2 8
1 .3 2
1 .3 1
1 .3 1
1 .3 2
1 .3 1
1 .3 0
1 .3 4
1 .3 4
1 .3 3
1 .3 4
1. 34
1 .3 3
1 .3 4
1 .3 5

3 6 .2
3 5 .7
3 5 .1
3 5 .2
3 5 .9
3 5 .6
3 6 .0
3 6 .3
3 5 .2
3 5 .7
3 5 .2
3 5 .2
3 4 .9
3 5 .2
3 4 .7

$ 1 .4 3
1. 47
1 .4 7
1 .4 7
1 .4 6
1 .4 5
1. 47
1 .4 8
1 .4 8
1 .4 7
1 .4 7
1. 49
1 .4 8
1 .4 8
1 .4 9

Textile bags
$57. 28
59. 25
5 6 .7 4
5 7 .3 0
5 9 .4 0
60. 50
59. 15
6 2 .2 7
5 8 .6 7
59. 43
6 2 .2 2
6 0 .3 7
59. 44
5 9 .7 5
5 8 .7 5

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
3 8 .6
3 8 .2
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .7
3 8 .6
3 9 .1
4 0 .4
3 9 .2
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 7 .9

M illin e r y

$61. 85
6 1 .4 0
57. 62
5 1 .1 5
54. 94
5 8 .6 4
63. 41
65. 91
6 0 .7 2
56. 09
57. 96
55. 36
73. 72
6 9 .8 9
5 9 .9 9

3 6 .6
3 5 .7
3 4 .3
3 1 .0
3 2 .9
3 4 .7
3 7 .3
3 8 .1
3 5 .3
3 2 .8
3 3 .7
3 1 .1
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 3 .7

$ 1 .6 9
1 .7 2
1 .6 8
1 .6 5
1 .6 7
1 .6 9
1 .7 0
1 .7 3
1. 72
1. 71
1 .7 2
1 .7 8
1 .9 0
1 .8 2
1 .7 8

Canvas products
$1. 45
1 .5 0
1 .4 7
1. 50
1 .5 0
1 .5 2
1 .4 9
1 .5 3
1 .5 2
1 .5 2
1 .5 4
1 .5 4
1. 54
1 .5 4
1. 55

$55. 66
57. 48
56. 34
58. 69
5 9 .0 9
59. 45
6 0 .5 3
5 5 .8 6
58. 56
56. 45
5 7 .0 8
5 8 .3 1
5 8 .8 0
5 9 .2 5
6 0 .1 5

3 9 .2
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
3 8 .8
3 8 .0
3 9 .3
3 8 .4
3 7 .8
3 9 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .5
4 0 .1

$ 1 .4 2
1 .4 7
1 .4 3
1 .4 6
1 .4 7
1 .4 9
1 .5 6
1 .4 7
1 .4 9
1 .4 7
1 .5 1
1 .4 8
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 0

L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s ( e x c e p t f u r n it u r e )
T o ta l: L u m b e r a n d
w o o d p r o d u c ts (ex ­
c e p t f u r n it u r e )

1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l ------- -------M a y ......................
J u n e ___________
J u l y . . . ..................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _____ __
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h ........... ..
A p r i l ............ .........

$70. 93
71. 86
7 2 .0 0
7 3 .1 6
7 4 .8 9
7 1 .7 1
7 5 .6 2
7 1 .7 6
7 3 .9 7
7 1 .9 4
7 1 .3 7
6 9 .3 0
7 0 .0 5
7 0 .8 0
7 0 .8 2

4 0 .3
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
3 9 .4
4 1 .1
3 9 .0
4 0 .2
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .9
3 8 .7

$1. 76
1. 81
1 .8 0
1 .8 2
1 .8 4
1 .8 2
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 3
1 .8 0
1. 81
1 .8 2
1 .8 3

U n it e d S t a te s
$71. 51
70. 74
7 0 .6 7
7 2 .0 0
73. 42
7 0 .2 3
7 4 .1 2
7 2 .1 3
7 2 .4 4
7 1 .0 0
69. 50
6 7 .0 8
6 7 .8 2
6 9 .0 9
6 8 .5 3

Millwork

1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l ......................
M a y . . ..................
J u n e _____ _____
J u l y ___ ________
A u g u s t —.............
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l . .......... .........

$ 7 2 .9 0
75. 55
7 3 .6 3
7 5 .3 3
7 7 .4 6
7 7 .6 4
77. 46
78. 47
7 7 .1 1
7 5 .0 3
7 5 .2 2
7 4 .2 9
7 4 .2 8
7 4 .0 9
7 3 .9 0

4 0 .5
4 0 .4
3 9 .8
4 0 .5
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 0 .8
39. 7
3 9 .8
3 9 .1
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
3 9 .1

S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4 0 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
3 8 .8
4 0 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 7 .9
3 8 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .5

$1. 77
1 .8 0
1 .7 8
1 .8 0
1 .8 4
1 .8 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 4
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 1
1 .7 7
1 .7 8
1. 79
1 .7 8

Plywood

$ 1 .8 0
1. 87
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1. 89
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1. 89
1 .8 9

$76. 22
7 5 .8 1
7 6 .1 1
7 8 .3 1
7 8 .3 4
7 2 .9 5
77. 76
7 6 .0 3
7 6 .0 2
74. 88
7 7 .6 0
7 6 .0 4
7 8 .3 9
7 8 .3 9
7 7 .4 2

4 1 .2
3 9 .9
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
3 8 .6
4 0 .5
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
3 9 .5

$72. 54
71. 53
7 1 .8 6
7 3 .2 0
7 4 .4 0
70. 82
74. 93
7 2 .7 3
7 3 .2 3
71. 78
70. 27
67. 66
68. 58
69. 87
6 9 .3 0

4 0 .3
3 9 .3
39. 7
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 8 .7
40. 5
3 9 .1
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 7 .8
3 8 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .5

$ 1 .8 0
1. 82
1 .8 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 6
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
1 .8 4
1. 85
1 .8 3
1 .7 9
1 .8 0
1 .8 1
1 .8 0

W o o d e n c o n t a in e r s 4

$ 1 .8 5
1 .9 0
1 .8 7
1. 91
1 .9 2
1 .8 9
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 4
1 .9 3
1. 95
1 .9 5
1 .9 6

M illw o r k , p ly w o o d ,
a n d p r e fa b r ic a te d
str u c tu ra i w o o d
P ro d u c ts 1

Sawmills and planing mills, general

S a w m ills a n d p la n ­
in g m ills 4

$56. 71
56. 37
5 6 .8 2
5 7 .0 8
5 7 .0 8
5 7 .6 0
5 7 .6 0
56. 59
56. 74
54. 91
54. 57
53. 53
5 3 .3 9
5 4 .6 7
5 5 .3 4

4 0 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .7
3 7 .7
3 7 .6
3 8 .5
3 8 .7

$ 1 .3 9
1 .4 2
1 .4 1
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 4
1 .4 4
1 .4 4
1 .4 4
1. 43
1 .4 1
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 3

S o u th
$ 4 9 .0 9
49. 29
4 8 .6 4
5 0 .2 6
4 9 .2 5
4 9 .1 3
50 87
50. 31
50. 55
4 8 .1 9
48. 22
48. 46
48 09
4 8 .8 3
4 8 .9 5

4 1 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 1 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 1 .7
4 0 .9
4 1 .1
39. 5
3 9 .2
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .7
3 9 .8

W est
$ 1 .1 8
1. 22
1 .2 1
1 .2 2
1 .2 1
1 .2 1
1 .2 2
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 2
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 3
1 .2 3

Wooden boxes, other
than cigar
$56. 58
56. 52
5 6 .4 2
5 6 .9 6
5 7 .4 9
58. 58
5 8 .1 5
5 6 .5 9
5 7 .2 0
5 4 .0 0
53. 76
52. 40
5 2 .1 3
5 4 .0 4
5 4 .7 1

4 1 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
4 0 .1
3 9 .3
4 0 .0
3 8 .3
3 8 .4
3 7 .7
3 7 .5
3 8 .6
3 8 .8

$1. 38
1 .4 2
1 .4 0
1 .4 1
1 .4 3
1 .4 5
1 .4 5
1 .4 4
1 .4 3
1. 41
1 .4 0
1 .3 9
1 .3 9
1 .4 0
1 .4 1

$90. 87
88. 39
89. 31
90. 25
9 1 .8 9
8 5 .7 4
9 2 .3 6
8 8 .6 4
8 9 .4 7
89. 62
8 7 .8 4
82. 57
8 6 .1 0
8 6 .7 1
8 6 .0 2

3 9 .0
3 8 .1
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 9 .1
3 6 .8
3 9 .3
3 7 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 7 .7
3 5 .9
3 7 .6
3 7 .7
3 7 .4

$ 2 .3 3
2. 32
2 .2 9
2. 32
2. 35
2 .3 3
2. 35
2 .3 7
2 .3 3
2. 34
2. 33
2. 30
2. 29
2 .3 0
2 .3 0

$74. 30
7 5 .7 9
7 4 .4 0
76. 73
77. 71
7 5 .9 8
7 7 .5 2
7 7 .9 5
7 6 .5 7
7 4 .6 8
7 6 .4 2
7 5 .0 7
7 5 .6 5
75. 65
7 5 .6 6

4 0 .6
4 0 .1
40 0
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .2
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
3 9 .1
3 9 .8
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
3 9 .4
3 9 .2

$ 1 .8 3
1 .8 9
1 .8 6
1. 89
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1 .9 2
1 .9 0
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 3

F u r n i t u r e a n d f ix t u r e s
M is c e lla n e o u s w o o d
p ro d u c ts

$ 6 0 .1 5
6 1 .5 6
6 1 .7 6
6 1 .8 6
6 3 .1 4
6 1 .9 1
6 2 .2 7
6 2 .3 7
6 2 .0 6
61. 23
6 1 .8 5
6 1 .2 3
60. 76
6 1 .8 5
6 1 .3 8

4 1 .2
40. 5
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .9
3 9 .6

T o ta l: F u r n itu r e a n d
f ix t u r e s

$ 1 .4 6 $ 6 8 .9 5
1. 52
6 9 .6 0
1 .5 1
6 8 .2 8
6 7 .8 2
1. 52
1 .5 4
6 9 .0 8
1. 54
6 8 .3 8
1 .5 3
7 1 .6 3
1 .5 4
7 2 .3 9
1 .5 4
7 2 .0 4
1. 55
69. 48
7 0 .6 2
1. 55
6 7 .3 8
1. 55
67. 79
1. 55
68. 32
1 .5 5
6 7 .0 8
1. 55

4 0 .8
4 0 .0
39. 7
3 9 .2
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .9
3 8 .5
3 8 .3
3 8 .6
3 7 .9

$ 1 .6 9
1 .7 4
1 .7 2
L 73
1. 74
174
1 .7 6
1 .7 7
1 .7 7
1. 75
1 .7 7
1 .7 5
1 .7 7
1 .7 7
1 .7 7

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

814

T able C -l. H ours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory em ployees 1— Con.
A vg.
w k ly .
earnta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn ta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earnta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earnta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earnin g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn ta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn ta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn ta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn ta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn ta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earnta g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg,
h r ly .
earnta g s

M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d

Y e a r a n d m o n th

F u r n i t u r e a n d f ix t u r e s

H o u s e h o l d f u r n it u r e

1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e _______
A p r i l __________
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________
J u l y __________
A u g u s t . - ______
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ............ .
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y ...............
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h . ’ ______
A p r i l ------- --------

$65. 77
6 6 .2 3
6 5 .0 1
64 02
6 5 .7 4
6 4 .6 8
67 97
68. 71
6 9 .1 2
66. 86
6 7 .8 3
6 3 .7 9
64. 34
64. 51
6 3 .1 7

4 0 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 8 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
3 8 .2
3 8 .3
3 8 .4
3 7 .6

*

Wood household
furniture ( except
upholstered)

$ 1 .6 2 $ 5 9 .2 0
1. 66
59. 94
1 .6 5
5 8 .8 0
5 8 .6 1
1 .6 5
5 9 .2 0
1 .6 6
1 .6 5
58. 21
1 .6 7
6 1 .3 9
1 .6 8
6 1 .6 9
1 .6 9
6 2 .4 0
1 .6 8
60. 49
1 .7 0
60. 45
1. 671 5 7 .8 7
56. 68
1 .6 8
1 .6 8
5 7 .9 6
56. 77
1 .6 8

4 1 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
4 1 .2
4 1 .4
4 1 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
3 9 .1
3 8 .3
3 8 .9
3 8 .1

$1. 43
1. 48
1 .4 7
1 .4 8
1 .4 8
1 .4 7
1 .4 9
1 .4 9
1 .5 0
1 .4 9
1 .5 0
1 .4 8
1 .4 8
1 .4 9
1 .4 9

Wood household
furniture, upholstered

$ 7 1 .8 2
72. 50
7 1 .9 2
67. 51
7 1 .0 0
6 8 .2 2
7 2 .8 0
7 5 .5 2
75. 52
7 4 .0 3
76. 95
67. 71
7 0 .3 0
7 0 .1 2
67. 53

3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
3 7 .3
3 8 .8
37. S
4 0 .4
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .5
3 6 .6
3 8 .0
3 7 .9
3 6 .7 ,

$ 1 .8 0
1 .8 4
1 .8 3
1 .8 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 0
1 .8 2
1 .8 6
1 .8 6
1 86
1 .9 0
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1. 84

$ 7 2 .1 0
7 3 .9 0
68. 45
7 2 .3 7
7 6 .9 7
76. 95
7 7 .1 6
7 7 .7 6
7 5 .2 6
70. 86
74. 30
72. 75
72. 75
69. 89
70.251

3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 7 .2
3 8 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
39 2
3 7 .1
3 8 .3
3 7 .5
37. 5
3 6 .4
3 6 .4

$ 1 .8 3
1. 89
1 .8 4
1 .8 7
1 .9 1
1 .9 0
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 1
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 2
1 .9 3

Metal office furniture

P a r t it io n s , s h e lv in g ,
l o c k e r s , a n d f ix t u r e s

S c r e e n s, b lin d s , a n d
m is c e lla n e o u s fu m it u r e a n d f ix t u r e s

$ 8 6 .9 4
85. 72
8 4 .1 0
8 4 .0 7
8 0 .6 3
86 33
8 8 .8 4
8 8 .8 8
8 3 .6 6
85. 97
8 3 .8 8
83. 44
8 2 .2 8
8 2 .4 3
8 1 .1 8

$ 8 4 .0 5
85. 22
8 4 .2 3
8 5 .2 4
86. 05
8 4 .9 6
86. 86
86. 80
87. 70
83. 85
8 3 .6 4
8 3 .3 8
83. 44
84. 97
8 2 .4 6

$66. 42
68. 57
6 8 .0 4
6 7 .2 6
6 8 .0 0
6 8 .6 3
69. 49
7 1 .7 5
7 0 .1 2
68. 73
7 1 .6 3
7 0 .2 7
6 9 .1 7
69. 52
7 0 .2 2

4 1 .6
39. 5
3 9 .3
3 9 .1
3 7 .5
3 9 .6
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
3 8 .2
3 8 .9
3 8 .3
3 8 .1
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 6 .9

$ 2 .0 9
2. 17
2. 14
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 8
2. 21
2 .2 0
2 .1 9
2. 21
2 .1 9
2 .1 9
2 .2 0
2. 21
2 .2 0

4 1 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
39. 7
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
4 0 .6
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 8 .6
3 8 .1
3 8 .8
3 8 .0

$ 2 .0 5
2 .1 2
2 .0 9
2 .1 1
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2. 17
2 .1 6
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 9
2 .1 9
2 .1 7

4 0 .5
4 0 .1
4 0 .5
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
40. 4
4 1 .0
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
4 0 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .9

$ 1 .6 4
1 .7 1
1 .6 8
1 .6 9
1 .7 0
1. 72
1. 72
1 .7 5
1 .7 4
1. 74
1 .7 6
1 .7 7
1 .7 6
1 .7 6
1 .7 6

T o ta l: P a p e r a n d
a llie d p r o d u c ts

$ 8 3 .0 3
86. 29
84. 20
84 42
85. 67
8 7 .1 4
87. 55
8 9 .2 3
8 8 .1 9
87. 15
8 7 .1 5
8 6 .1 1
85. 49
8 5 .9 0
8 5 .2 8

P a p e r a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s — C o n t i n u e d

Paperboard boxe»
1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e _______
A p r i l __________
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________
J u l y ____________
A u g u s t . . . ..........
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ________
N ovem ber
..
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________

$75. 89
79. 46
7 7 .0 8
77. 11
79. 46
80. 70
8 1 .8 3
84. 08
82. 91
80. 12
78. 36
7 7 .6 0
7 7 .8 1
78. 79
78. 21

4 1 .7
4 1 .6
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 2 .4
4 2 .9
4 2 .3
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
3 9 .7

$ 1 . 82 $ 7 9 .3 7
1 .9 1
1 .8 8
1 .8 9
1 .91
1 .9 4
1 .9 3
1 .9 6
1 .9 6
1 .9 4
1. 93
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
1 .9 7

$83. 84
84 35
85. 26
85. 84
8 4 .5 6
83. 95
86. 18
85. 75
8 2 .6 8
82 89
84. 67
85. 06
8 4 .0 2
84. 24
8 5 .2 4

4 0 .5
3 9 .6
40 6
4 0 .3
3 9 .7
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
38. 1
38. 2
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 8 .9
3 9 .0
3 9 .1

8 e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

82. 61
8 2 .4 2
8 1 .8 0
84. 87
8 3 .0 1
82. 62
84. 24
8 4 .3 8
8 5 .2 0
8 6 .0 3
8 3 .1 0
8 1 .2 7
87. 95
83. 71

4 0 .7
4 0 .1
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .1
4 0 .3
40. 5
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
3 9 .2
3 8 .7
4 1 .1
3 9 .3

$ 1 .9 5
2. 06
2 .0 4
2. 05
2 .0 7
2. 07
2 .0 5
2 .0 8
2 .1 2
2. 13
2 .1 4
2 .1 2
2 .1 0
2 .1 4
2 .1 3

C o m m e r c ia l p r in tin g

Books

1956: A v e r a g e .......... ..
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l ---------------M a y . _________
J u n e ............. .........
J u l y ____________
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ..........
1958: J a n u a r y . - ..........
It F e b r u a r y _____
M a r c h _________
A p r i l .....................

Fiber cans, tubes,
and dru ms

$2. 07
2. 13
2 .1 0
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 2
2 .1 6
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2. 17
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 6
2 .1 6
2 .1 8

$ 8 3 .0 3
95. 76
9 5 .2 0
94. 49
9 5 .0 4
9 5 .1 2
95. 76
9 7 .9 3
96. 56
95. 35
9 7 .3 6
95. 74
95. 40
9 6 .6 8
94. 92

4 0 .1
39. 9
4 0 .0
3 9 .7
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
4 0 .3
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
39. 1
3 9 .3
3 8 .9

$2. 32
2 .4 0
2 .3 8
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .3 9
2. 40
2. 43
2. 42
2. 42
2. 44
2. 43
2. 44
2. 46
2. 44

4 1 .2
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 1 .7
4 0 .9
40. 5
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .0

$ 1 .7 7
1 .8 6
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 5
1. 87
1 .8 8
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1.9 1
1. 91
1 .91
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 1

L ith o g r a p h in g

$ 9 4 .1 6
96. 53
9 5 .5 0
9 6 .5 3
9 7 .6 6
9 8 .5 0
9 8 .7 0
98. 70
9 6 .1 9
9 5 .8 0
96. 53
94. 87
96. 25
98. 42
97. 52

4 1 .8
40. 4
4 0 .3
40. 1
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
4 1 .4
4 1 .4
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .8
3 8 .7

$ 1 .9 0
1 .9 5
1. 93
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 7
1. 98
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
2. 01
2 .0 0

$ 7 1 .2 1
65. 19
6 4 .0 6
6 3 .0 4
6 4 .9 4
6 3 .1 8
66. 98
67. 55
6 5 .6 7
63 60
6 6 .0 1
6 3 .7 6
6 1 .8 2
6 0 .1 0
59. 84

4 2 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
3 9 .9
4 1 .1
4 0 .5
4 1 .6
4 1 .7
4 1 .3
3 9 .5
4 1 .0
3 9 .6
3 8 .4
3 7 .1
3 7 .4

$ 1 .6 6
1. 59
1 .5 7
1 .5 8
1 .6 8
1 .5 6
1 .6 1
1 .6 2
1 59
1 .6 1
1 .6 1
1 .6 1
1 .6 1
1 .6 2
1 .6 0

4 2 .8
42. 3
4 2 .1
4 2 .0
4 2 .2
4 2 .3
4 2 .5
4 2 .9
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 1 .9
4 1 .4
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
4 1 .0

$ 1 .9 4
2 .0 4
2. 00
2 .0 1
2 .0 3
2. 06
2 .0 6
2. 08
2. 08
2. 08
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .0 8

P u lp , p ap er, a n d
p a p e r b o a r d m il ls

$ 9 1 .0 5
9 4 .1 8
92. 44
9 2 .2 3
9 3 .5 3
9 5 .4 8
95. 26
96. 79
96. 35
95. 24
95. 90
94. 37
9 3 .2 6
93. 48
9 3 .0 4

4 4 .2
4 3 .4
4 3 .4
4 3 .3
4 3 .1
4 3 .4
43 3
4 3 .6
4 3 .4
42. 9
4 3 .2
4 2 .7
4 2 .2
4 2 .3
4 2 .1

$2. 06
2. 17
2 .1 3
2. 13
2 .1 7
2 .2 0
2 .2 0
2. 22
2. 22
2. 22
2. 22
2 .2 1
2. 21
2. 21
2 .2 1

P aperboard c o n ­
t a in e r s a n d b o x e s 4

$ 7 6 .1 3
7 9 .9 0
7 7 .7 1
77. 74
80. 10
80. 73
8 1 .8 7
83. 92
8 3 .1 6
80. 75
79. 17
78. 20
7 8 .4 1
7 9 .7 9
7 9 .0 0

4 1 .6
4 1 .4
4 0 .9
40. 7
4 1 .5
4 1 .4
4 2 .2
4 2 .6
4 2 .0
4 1 .2
4 0 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
3 9 .7

$ 1 .8 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 0
1 .91
1 .9 3
1 .9 5
1 .9 4
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1. 96
1. 95
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 9

P r i n t i n g , p u b l i s h i n g , a n d a l li e d i n d u s t r i e s

O th e r p a p e r a n d
a l li e d p r o d u c t s

$72. 92
7 6 .0 7
75. 07
74. 89
75. 85
7 6 .6 7
7 7 .6 4
78. 81
77. 71
7 7 .3 6
77. 93
76. 97
76. 97
7 7 .3 6
7 6 .4 0

$79. 42
7 8 .7 8
7 7 .7 8
7 7 .7 9
7 7 .2 2
7 7 .6 1
81. 56
8 1 .9 7
78. 41
78. 80
7 9 .2 0
78. 21
7 7 .0 1
77. 99
7 7 .4 0

Wood office furniture

P a p e r a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s

F u r n i t u r e a n d f ix t u r e s — C o n t i n u e d

1966: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l ___________
M a y __________
J u n e ___________
J u l y ____________
A u g u s t _______
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N ovem ber . . .
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h . ' ______
A p r i l . ....................

Office, public­
building, and
professional
furniture 4

Mattresses and
bedsprings

3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
39 1
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
3 8 .1
3 8 .5
3 8 .9
3 8 .7

$2. 36
2. 45
2. 43
2. 45
2. 46
2 .5 0
2 .4 8
2. 48
2. 46
2. 45
2. 45
2. 49
2 .5 0
2. 53
2 .5 2

T o ta l: P r in tin g ,
p u b lis h in g , a n d
a l li e d i n d u s t r i e s
$94. 28
96. 38
95. 87
9 6 .3 8
96. 38
9 6 .1 3
9 6 .6 4
97. 91
9 7 .1 5
96. 14
98. 43
95. 76
96. 51
97. 40
9 6 .2 6

3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .4
3 8 .0
3 8 .6
3 7 .7
3 7 .7
3 7 .9
3 7 .6

$2. 43
2. 51
2. 49
2 .5 1
2. 51
2 .5 1
2 .5 1
2. 53
2 .5 3
2. 53
2. 55
2. 54
2. 56
2. 57
2. 56

G r e e t in g c a r d s

$61. 44
6 4 .1 8
6 4 .9 8
65. 45
6 3 .9 6
63. 63
6 4 .1 3
63. 41
62. 87
63. 03
6 6 .1 8
6 7 .6 1
6 8 .7 1
7 0 .3 8
68. 74

3 8 .4
3 8 .2
3 8 .0
38 5
3 8 .3
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 8 .2
3 8 .1
3 8 .2
3 8 .7
3 8 .2
3 8 .6
3 9 .1
3 8 .4

$ 1 .6 0
1 .6 8
1 .7 1
1. 70
1 .6 7
1 .6 4
1 .6 7
1 .6 6
1 .6 5
1. 65
1 .7 1
1. 77
1 .7 8
1. 80
1 .7 9

N ew sp a p ers

$99. 64
101. 39
101. 03
103. 25
102. 96
100. 54
100. 67
103. 32
103. 46
102. 82
105. 85
1 0 0 .10
1 0 1 .4 4
1 0 1 .0 9
101. 73

3 6 .1
35. 7
3 5 .7
3 6 .1
3 6 .0
3 5 .4
35. 7
3 6 .0
3 5 .8
35. 7
3 6 .5
3 5 .0
3 5 .1
3 5 .1
3 5 .2

P e r io d ic a l s

$2. 76
2. 84
2. 83
2. 86
2. 86
2 .8 4
2. 82
2. 87
2. 89
2 .8 8
2 .9 0
2. 86
2. 89
2 .8 8
2 .8 9

B o o k b in d in g a n d
r e la t e d i n d u s t r i e s
$ 7 2 .1 0
7 3 .9 0
73. 32
7 3 .1 3
7 4 .0 7
72. 94
7 5 .0 7
73. 71
73. 72
73. 73
74. 69
7 3 .1 4
7 2 .9 5
7 3 .1 5
7 3 .1 4

3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 9 .4
3 8 .8
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 8 .8
3 8 .2
3 8 .5
3 7 .7
3 7 .8
3 7 .9
3 7 .7

$ 9 6 .1 6
100. 95
101. 09
96. 47
97. 71
100. 90
104. 60
107. 38
104. 49
101. 77
101. 85
100. 47
99. 71
1 0 2 .3 1
9 9 .3 3

3 9 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
38 9
3 9 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
4 1 .3
4 0 .5
3 9 .6
4 0 .1
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .5
3 8 .8

$2. 41
2 .5 3
2. 54
2 .4 8
2. 48
2. 51
2. 57
2 .6 0
2. 58
2. 57
2. 54
2 .5 5
2. 55
2. 59
2 .5 6

M is c e lla n e o u s p u b ­
lis h in g a n d p r in tin g
s e r v ic e s

$ 1 .8 3 $ 1 0 9 .0 9
1 .8 9 110. 78
1 .8 8 109. 52
1 .8 8 110. 88
1 .8 8 1 1 0 .3 0
1 .8 8 1 1 0 .3 0
1 .9 2 112. 91
1 .8 9 1 1 1 .0 7
1 .9 0 111. 36
1. 93 107 07
1. 94 109. 25
1 .9 4 108. 77
1 .9 3 109. 73
1 .9 3 110. 21
1 .9 4 107. 73

3 9 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .7
38. 5
3 8 .3
3 8 .3
3 8 .8
3 8 .7
38. 8
3 7 .7
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 8 .1
3 8 .4
3 7 .8

$ 2 .7 6
2 .8 7
2 .8 3
2 88
2 .8 8
2 .8 8
2. 91
2. 87
2 87
2 .8 4
2 .8 6
2. 87
2 .8 8
2 .8 7
2 .8 5

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

815

T a b l e G - l . H ours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory em ployees 1— Con.
A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
horns

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u e d

Y ea r a n d m o n th

C h e m i c a l s a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s

T o ta l: C h e m ic a ls a n d
a l li e d p r o d u c t s

1966: A v e r a g e ...............
1957: A v e r a g e - .............
A p r i l ___________
M a y ___________
J u n e . __________
J u l y ____________
A u g u s t .................
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r .- . . . .
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________

$ 8 7 .1 4
9 1 .2 4
8 9 .4 0
9 0 .6 4
9 1 .8 8
9 2 .2 5
9 2 .2 5
92. 70
9 1 .8 4
92. 66
93. 34
9 2 .6 2
9 2 .1 6
92. 39
9 2 .1 6

4 1 .3
41. 1
41. 2
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .6

$ 2 .1 1
2. 22
2 .1 7
2 .2 0
2 .2 3
2 .2 5
2. 25
2. 25
2 .2 4
2. 26
2 .2 6
2 .2 7
2 .2 7
2. 27
2. 27

Synthetic fibers

1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l . . .................
M a y .................. ..
J u n e ___________
J u l y ........................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y . . ..........
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________

$77. 81
8 2 .2 1
8 0 .8 0
81 .6 1
8 3 .0 3
8 3 .4 2
8 3 .2 2
8 2 .4 1
8 3 .0 1
8 3 .4 1
8 4 .0 3
8 2 .3 7
8 1 .3 3
8 2 .7 4
82. 71

3 9 .9
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
4 0 .1
4 0 .4
3 9 .6
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
3 9 .2

$ 1 .9 5
2 .0 4
2 .0 0
2 .0 2
2 .0 5
2 .0 7
2. 06
2. 05
2 .0 7
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 .1 0
2 .1 1

Paints, varnishes,
lacquers, and enamels
1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957: A v e r a g e ...............
A p r i l . . . ................
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________
J u l y .........................
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ..........
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h . ...............
A p r i l ___________

$ 8 4 .0 4
87. 33
8 6 .9 3
8 6 .9 2
88. 61
88. 81
8 9 .0 1
87. 72
8 7 .7 0
8 7 .4 5
8 7 .2 3
86. 76
8 6 .7 6
8 7 .6 0
8 7 .4 2

4 1 .4
4 1 .0
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .6
4 1 .5
4 1 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
4 0 .1

$ 2 .0 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2. 15
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 7
2. IS
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
2 .1 8

I n d u s t r ia l in o r g a n ic
c h e m ic a ls 4

$ 9 5 .1 2
99. 55
9 7 .9 9
9 8 .3 3
9 9 .6 3
1 0 0 .5 3
1 0 1 .1 8
1 0 2 .0 9
1 0 1 .5 0
1 0 2 .0 0
1 0 4 .1 7
302. 50
102. 66
102. 82
102. 56

4 1 .0
4 0 .8
41 0
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 0 .7 i

$2. 32
2 .4 4
2 .3 9
2. 41
2. 43
2 .4 7
2. 48
2. 49
2. 50
2. 50
2. 51
2. 50
2. 51
2 .5 2
2 .5 2

Explosives

$87. 08
93. 75
92. 25
9 4 .8 9
9 3 .9 4
9 5 .6 8
9 6 .1 0
96. 87
94. 48
9 1 .6 6
9 1 .7 7
90. 32
92. 97
9 1 .0 3
9 0 .6 2

4 0 .5
4 1 .3
4 1 .0
4 1 .8
4 1 .2
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 2 .3
4 0 .9
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
3 9 .1
3 9 .9
3 8 .9
3 8 .4

4 2 .8
4 2 .5
4 2 .5
4 3 .2
4 2 .2
4 3 .5
4 2 .6
4 3 .3
4 1 .7
4 0 .7
4 1 .8
4 2 .5
4 1 .1
4 1 .4
4 2 .4

$93. 20
9 7 .2 0
95. 65
95. 41
9 6 .8 0
9 9 .3 1
9 9 .6 3
9 8 .9 8
9 8 .0 9
9 9 .8 8
1 0 2 .0 1
9 9 .8 8
99. 38
9 9 .3 8 !
9 9 .8 8

4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
40. 4
4 0 .6

$2. 29
2 .4 0
2. 35
2. 35
2 .3 9
2 .4 4
2. 46
2. 45
2 .4 4
2. 46
2 .4 7
2. 46
2. 46
2. 46
2. 46

D r u g s a n d m e d ic i n e s

$ 2 .1 5
2. 27
2 .2 5
2. 27
2 .2 8
2 .3 0
2. 31
2 .2 9
2 .3 1
2 .2 8
2 .3 0
2 .3 1
2 .3 3
2 .3 4
2. 36

G um and w ood
c h e m i c a ls

$75. 33
7 8 .6 3
77. 35
7 9 .4 9
7 8 .0 7
80. 91
78. 81
80. 97
77. 98
79. 37
78. 58
79. 90
7 8 .5 0
77. 83
8 1 .8 3

Alkalies and chlorine

$ 1 .7 6
1 .8 5
1. 82
1 .8 4
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
1 .8 5
1 .8 7
1 .8 7
1 .9 5
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .9 1
1 .8 8
1 .9 3

$78. 55
82. 82
81 .6 1
8 2 .0 1
8 2 .6 2
82. 42
8 1 .8 1
83. 64
8 4 .0 5
8 5 .0 8
8 5 .0 8
8 5 .4 9
8 6 .1 1
85. 90
8 6 .3 0

4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 1 .5
4 1 .1
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 0 .9

$ 1 .9 3
2 .0 3
2 .0 2
2 .0 3
2 .0 3
2 .0 3
2 .0 3
2. 05
2 .0 5
2 .0 6
2 .0 5
2. 08
2. 09
2 .0 9
2 .1 1

F e r t i l iz e r s

$67. 68
7 1 .6 6
70. 63
7 5 .0 4
7 1 .0 6
7 1 .8 0
7 1 .9 7
7 2 .9 1
7 2 .1 4
71. 21
72. 49
7 3 .2 5
7 1 .1 0
72. 58
7 3 .8 5

4 2 .3
4 2 .4
4 3 .6
4 4 .4
4 1 .8
4 1 .5
4 1 .6
4 1 .9
4 1 .7
4 1 .4
4 1 .9
4 2 .1
4 1 .1
4 3 .2
4 3 .7

I n d u s t r ia l o r g a n ic
c h e m i c a ls 4

$92. 89
96. 93
9 5 .3 0
96. 35
97. 82
9 8 .1 6
9 8 .4 0
9 8 .8 1
9 8 .3 3
98. 74
9 9 .3 9
9 7 .9 3
9 7 .4 4
9 7 .6 0
97. 76

4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
3 9 .9

S o a p , c le a n in g a n d
p o l is h i n g p r e p a r a t i o n s 4

$ 9 0 .6 4
9 6 .1 7
9 4 .3 0
9 4 .1 9
9 6 .4 1
9 5 .5 3
9 7 .4 7
97. 70
9 7 .3 4
9 7 .9 2
99. 87
9 8 .7 4
9 6 .0 7
9 8 .9 0
97. 77

4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 1 .4
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .4

1956: A v e r a g e ______ _
1 9 5 7 : A v e r a g e _______
A p r i l _____ _____
M a y .......................
J u n e .......................
J u l y ........ ...............
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h ........... ..
A p r i l ___________

$80. 38
84. 24
8 3 .0 3
8 3 .2 2
8 4 .0 3
83. 21
8 3 .8 2
85. 47
84. 82
85. 22
86. 86
85. 60
8 6 .2 2
8 6 .1 8
86.401

4 0 .8
40. 5
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
3 9 .9
4 0 .0

Sen footnotes a t end of table.

469631— 58------ 7


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$ 1 .9 7
2 .0 8
2 .0 4
2. 06
2 .0 8
2 .0 7
2 .0 8
2 .1 0
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 5
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 6

Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics
$66. 47
69. 21
6 8 .7 8
6 8 .6 4
6 9 .4 5
6 7 .9 4
6 9 .4 2
7 1 .0 6
6 8 .7 1
68. 85
7 1 .8 9
7 0 .8 0
7 1 .9 4
71. 37
7 2 .5 2

3 9 .1
3 9 .1
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 9 .0
3 9 .7
3 8 .6
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
3 8 .9
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 9 .2

$ 1 .6 0
1 .6 9
1. 62
1 .6 9
1 .7 0
1 .7 3
1 .7 3
1 .7 4
1 .7 3
1. 72
1 .7 3
1 .7 4
1 .7 3
1 .6 8
1 .6 9

$74. 42
78. 50
76. 74
78. 55
8 0 .7 8
82. 47
8 1 .1 0
7 8 .8 5
7 8 .3 2
7 9 .0 0
7 9 .1 7
8 0 .1 9
8 0 .1 5
8 1 .1 0
8 1 .2 2

4 5 .1
4 4 .6
4 3 .6
4 3 .4
4 3 .9
4 4 .1
4 3 .6
4 4 .8
4 5 .8
4 5 .4
4 5 .5
4 4 .8
4 3 .8
4 3 .6
4 3 .2

$ 1 .6 5
1 .7 6
1 .7 6
1 .8 1
1 .8 4
1 .8 7
1 .8 6
1 .7 6
1 .7 1
1. 74
1 .7 4
1 .7 9
1 .8 3
1 .8 6
1 .8 8

$ 9 3 .8 8
9 9 .6 6
9 7 .8 6
98. 41
9 9 .6 0
1 0 1 .1 6
1 0 1 .6 4
101. 50
1 0 1 .9 9
101. 75
100. 94
99. 55
9 9 .8 0
100. 45
9 9 .0 6

4 2 .1
4 1 .7
4 2 .0
4 1 .7
4 1 .5
4 1 .8
4 2 .0
4 1 .6
4 1 .8
4 1 .7
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .6

$2. 23 $103. 50
2 .3 9 107. 57
2 .3 3 103. 94
2 .3 6 105. 93
2 .4 0 1 0 3 .8 8
2 .4 2 108. 75
2. 42 1 0 9 .3 4
2. 44 108. 40
2 .4 4 1 0 8 .1 4
2. 44 112. 75
2 .4 5 1 1 2 .3 4
2. 44 1 0 9 .6 2
2 .4 4 1 0 9 .2 1
2. 45 n o . 0 3
2 .4 4 107.871

Soap and glycerin

$ 9 8 .1 6
104. i »
10 2 .6 6
102. 97
1 0 5 .0 6
103. 73
107. 43
106. 91
1 0 6 .3 0
107. 27
1 1 0 .0 9
108. 09
104. 54
107. 98
107. 57

4 0 .9
4 1 .3
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .8
4 1 .6
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 1 .7
4 1 .1
3 9 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .9

Synthetic rubber

4 5 .0
4 4 .6
4 3 .5
4 2 .8
4 3 .0
4 3 .2
4 2 .8
4 4 .5
4 6 .2
4 5 .8
4 6 .3
4 5 .3
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 3 .5

$ 2 .6 0
2. 63
2 .5 6
2. 59
2 .6 1
2 .6 4
2 .6 8
2 .6 7
2 .6 7
2 .7 3
2 .7 2
2 .7 0
2 .6 9
2 .7 1
2. 69

P a in t s , p ig m e n ts , a n d
fille r s 4

$ 8 6 .1 1
8 9 .1 6
88 78
88. 75
9 0 .6 9
90. 67
9 1 .0 8
8 9 .7 6
9 0 .1 3
89. 47
89. 47
8 9 .2 0
8 8 .9 8
89. 60
89. 65

$ 2 .4 0
2 .5 4
2. 51
2 .5 3
2. 55
2 .5 3
2. 57
2. 57
2. 58
2 .6 1
2 .6 4
2 .6 3
2 .6 4
2. 64
2 .6 3

4 1 .6
4 0 .9
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .6
4 1 .4
4 1 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .2

$ 2 .0 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
2 .2 0
2 .2 0
2 .2 2
2 .2 2
2 .2 2
2 .2 3
2 .2 3
2. 24
2 .2 3

Animal oils and fats

Vegetable oils

$67. 95
7 1 .3 6
69. 17
7 1 .0 5
73. 53
76. 46
7 4 .9 0
7 1 .6 5
7 2 .0 7
71. 91
7 3 .1 5
7 4 .2 9
7 3 .4 8
7 4 .6 3
76. 56

4 1 .4
4 0 .9
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
3 9 .8
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 1 .3
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .1

$85. 43
8 9 .2 0
8 7 .6 0
8 7 .9 6
89. 55
89. 95
88. 31
89. 95
89. 75
91 39
8 9 .3 2
9 0 .0 0
9 1 .1 2
90. 29
8 8 .1 7

$1. 51
1 .6 0
1. 59
1 .6 6
1.7 1
1 .7 7
1 .7 5
1 .6 1
1 .5 6
1. 57
1. 58
1 .6 4
1 .6 7
1 .7 0
1 .7 6

4 5 .2
4 4 .6
4 3 .8
4 4 .2
4 5 .0
4 5 .2
4 4 .6
4 5 .2
4 5 .1
4 4 .8
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 3 .6
4 3 .2
4 2 .8

$ 1 .8 9
2 .0 0
2 .0 0
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
2 .0 4
2 .0 3
2 .0 5
2 .0 9
2. 09
2. 06

P r o d u c ts o f p e tr o le u m a n d co a l

Compressed and
liquefied gases

$ 1 .7 0 $ 9 0 .0 9
9 6 .1 4
1 .7 7
1 .7 5
95. 37
1 .7 6
9 4 .8 1
1 .7 9
9 6 .8 3
1 .7 6
96. 79
1. 78
95. 08
1 .7 9
98. 09
9 6 .7 0
1 .7 8
1. 77
99. 25
1 .8 2
96. 93 i
1 .8 2
9 7 .5 8
1 .8 4
9 7 .8 2
9 6 .1 5
1 .8 3
1. 85 i 9 8 .2 3

$ 2 .2 0
2 .3 4
2. 30
2 .3 2
2 .3 4
2 .3 3
2 .3 6
2. 36
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2. 43
2 .4 2
2 .4 2
2. 43
2. 42

V e g e t a b le a n d a n i m a l
o i ls a n d f a t s 4

C h e m i c a l s a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s — C o n t i n u e d

M is c e ll a n e o u s c h e m ic a ls 4

$2. 26
2 .3 7
2 .3 3
2 .3 5
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2. 41
2 .4 1
2. 42
2 .4 3
2 .4 3
2. 43
2. 44
2 .4 5

Plastics, except synthetic rubber

4 2 .1
4 1 .8
4 2 .2
4 1 .4
4 2 .1
4 1 .9
4 1 .7
4 2 .1
41. 5
41. 7
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .1
4 0 .4
4 1 .1

T o t a l : P r o d u c t s of
p e tr o le u m a n d co a l

$ 2 .1 4 $104. 39
2 .3 0 108. 79
2. 26 106. 71
2 .2 9 106. 75
2 .3 0 108. 79
2 .3 1 1 1 1 .6 4
2. 28 109. 21
2. 33 113. 30
2 .3 3 1 1 0 .0 3
2. 38 1 1 1 . 1 1
2. 37 1 1 1 .3 8
2. 38 110. 29
2 .3 8 1 0 8 . 5 3
2 .3 8 109. 34
2 .3 9 1 1 1 .2 4 !

4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 1 .5
4 0 .6
4 1 .5
40. 6
40. 7
40. 8
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
4 0 .6

P e t r o l e u m r e fin in g

$ 2 .5 4 $108. 39
2. 66 112. 61
2 .5 9 110. 95
2. 61 1 1 0 .8 4
2 .6 6 113. 70
2. 69 115. 92
2. 69 1 1 1 .6 0
2. 73 1 1 7 .0 1
2. 71 1 1 3 .3 6
2. 73 115. 87
2 .7 3 1 1 6 .3 1
2 .7 3 ! 1 1 5 .0 6
2 .7 2 1 1 3 .2 4
2 .7 2 1 1 4 .0 9
2 .7 4 115. 59

4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .4
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 1 .4
4 0 .0
4 1 .2
4 0 .2
4 0 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .7

C o k e ,o t h e r p e t r o l e u m ,
a n d co a l p r o d u c ts

$2. 65
2. 76
2 .6 8
2. 71
2 .7 8
2 .8 0
2 .7 9
2 .8 4
2 .8 2
2. 84
2 .8 3
2 .8 2
2 .8 1 !
2. 81 ¡
2 .8 4

$91. 32
9 5 .7 6
92. 57
9 3 .0 2
9 4 .3 0
9 8 .4 1
1 0 1 .3 9
1 0 1 .8 1
9 9 .6 6
95. 51
9 4 .3 3
9 3 .0 6
9 2 .0 2
9 1 .2 5
9 5 .2 7

4 1 .7
4 1 .1
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 1 .7
4 2 .6
4 2 .6
4 1 .7
4 0 .3
3 9 .8
3 9 .1
3 8 .5
38. 5
4 0 .2

$ 2 .1 9
2 .3 3
2 .2 8
2 .2 8
2 .3 0
2 .3 6
2 .3 8
2. 39
2 .3 9
2 .3 7
2 .3 7
2 .3 8
2 .3 9
2 .3 7
2 .3 7

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

816

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hour*
ing*

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hour*
ing*
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. w kly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ing*
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hour*
ing*
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ing*
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ing*

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Leather and leather products

Rubber products
Total: Rubber
products

1956: Average______ $87. 23
1957: Average______ 91. 76
April— ............ 87.60
M ay.................. 88.80
June.................. 91.21
J u ly .................
94.16
A ugust............. 92.84
92.97
September___
October______ 93.03
November___
93.20
December____ 92.40
1958: January_____
87.48
85.04
February____
March_______ 87.02
April. __ __
85.73

40.2
40.6
40.0
40.0
40.9
41.3
40.9
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
38.2
37.3
38.0
37.6

Tires and Inner
tubes

$2.17 $100.95
2. 26 106. 52
2.19 103.46
2.22 103.46
2.23 107.23
2.28 112. 20
2.27 107.83
2.29 107. 20
2.32 105.18
2.33 106. 62
2.31 105.84
2.29 98.52
2.28 93.02
2. 29 98.05
2.28 95.57

39.9
40.5
40.1
40.1
41.4
42.5
41.0
40.3
39.1
39.2
39.2
36.9
35.1
37.0
36.2

Rubber footwear

39.5
39.6
38.6
39.3
39.5
39.2
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.7
40.9
39.2
39.1
39.9
39.4

$2.53 $71.89
2. 63 73.66
2.58 70.64
2.58 71.92
2.59 72.29
2.64 72.13
2.63 73.05
2.66 74.45
2.69 76.02
2. 72 78. 96
2.70 79.35
2. 67 74.87
2.65 74.68
2.65 76. 61
2.64 75.65

Other rubber products

$1.82 $78.96
1.86 82. 82
1.83 79.60
1.83 79.80
1.83 81.81
1.84 82. 62
1.84 83.84
1.88 85. 08
1.91 86.10
1.94 85.05
1.94 84.03
1.91 80.94
1.91 80.32
1.92 79.87
1.92 80.08

40.7
40.8
40.2
40.1
40.7
40.7
41.1
41.1
41.0
40.5
40.4
39.1
38.8
38.4
38.5

Total: Leather and
leather products

$1.94 $56.02
2. 03 57.60
1.98 66.83
1.99 55.90
2.01 58.21
2.03 58.29
2.04 58. 67
2.07 57.66
2.10 57.04
2.10 57. 31
2.08 57.97
2.07 58.19
2.07 57.56
2.08 56. 83
2.08 53.88

37.6
37.4
36.9
36.3
37.8
38.1
38.1
37.2
36.8
36.5
37.4
37.3
36.9
36.2
34.1

Leather: tanned,
curried, and finished

$1.49 $74.24
1.54 76. 83
1.54 76.43
1. 54 75.27
1. 54 77. 81
1.53 76.83
1.54 77.22
1. 55 77.42
1.55 77.81
1. 57 77.61
1.55 78.80
1. 56 77.42
1.56 77.02
1. 57 75.65
1.58 74.65

39.7
39.4
39.6
39.0
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.1
39.0
39.6
39.1
38.9
38.4
37.7

$1.87
1.95
1.93
1.93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.98
1.98
1.97
1.98

Leather and leather products—Continued
Industrial leather
belting and packing

1956: Average_____ $72. 40
1957: Average............ 76. 55
April................. 73. 47
M ay.................. 74.34
June.................. 74. 77
July................
77.36
78.91
August--------79.13
September___
77.90
October........ .
November___
78. 34
December........ 76.76
75.43
1958: January_____
71.25
February____
72.58
M arch______
April________
69.19

Boot and shoe cut
stock and findings

40.0 $1.81 $53. 48
1.89 55. 94
40.5
1.86 53.07
39. 5
1.84 54.68
40.4
1.86 57.72
40.2
1.91 56.74
40.5
1.92 56.30
41.1
1.93 53. 95
41.0
1.90 55.28
41.0
1.92 54. 81
40.8
1.90 57. 45
40.4
1.90 56. 55
39.7
1.89 55.65
37.7
1.89 53.70
38.4
1.87 52.90
37.0

37.4
37.8
36.6
37.2
39.0
38.6
38.3
36.7
37.1
36.3
38.3
37.7
37.1
35.8
34.8

Footwear (except
rubber)

37.2
37.0
36.5
35.6
37.4
37.9
37.8
36.6
36.1
35.7
36.9
37.2
36.4
35.5
32.9

$1.43 $53. 57
1.48 55.13
1. 45 54.39
1.47 53. 04
1.48 55.73
1.47 56.09
1.47 56.32
1. 47 54. 90
1.49 54.15
1. 51 53. 91
1.50 55. 35
1.50 56.17
1.50 54.96
1.50 53. 96
1.52 50.01

Handbags and small
leather goods

Luggage

$1.44 $62.72
1.49 62. 27
1. 49 61. 45
1.49 61. 56
1.49 63.50
1.48 64.40
1.49 63. 27
1.50 65.11
1.50 62.21
1. 51 61.92
1.50 61.25
1.51 56.62
1. 51 59.32
1.52 60.29
1.52 63.04

39.2
38.2
37.7
38.0
39.2
40.0
39.3
39.7
37.7
37.3
36.9
33.5
35.1
36.1
37.3

$1.60 $51.00
1.63 53. 53
1.63 52.05
1.62 51.05
1.62 52.82
1.61 63.34
1.61 54.14
1.64 53.58
1.65 54.10
1.66 66.16
1.66 54.95
1. 69 54. 67
1.69 55.83
1.67 56.12
1.69 52.35

37.5
37.7
36.4
35.7
37.2
37.3
38.4
38.0
38.1
39.0
38.7
37.7
38.5
38.7
36.1

Gloves and miscel­
laneous leather goods

$1. 36 $48.34
1.42 49. 50
1.43 48.96
1.43 49. 46
1.42 50.01
1.43 49.32
1.41 50.32
1.41 50.14
1.42 49.78
1.44 48. 37
1.42 48. 69
1.45 49. 32
1.45 50.46
1.45 50.40
1. 45 50. 48

36.9
36.4
36.0
36.1
36.5
36.0
37.0
36.6
36.6
34.8
35.8
36.0
36.3
36.0
35.8

$1.31
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.87
1.37
1.36
1.37
1.36
1.39
1.36
1.37
1.39
1.40
1.41

Stone, clay, and glass products
Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products

1956: Average______ $80. 56
1957: Average............ 83.03
April________
81.20
82.42
M ay________
June_____ . . . .
83. 44
J u ly ................. 82.82
84.25
August______
September___
84.86
O c to b e r .____ 84.85
84. 21
November___
December........ 83.18
1958: January........... 82.14
80.88
February____
M arch _______ 81.33
81.33
April. ___

41.1
40.5
40.4
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.9
40.8
40.6
40.1
39.8
39.3
38.7
39.1
39.1

$1.96 $113. 03
2.05 113. 77
2.01 110.80
2.02 110.95
2.04 108.90
2.05 112.28
2.06 109.02
2. 08 113. 52
2.09 116. 76
2.10 126. 95
2.09 118. 99
2.09 117. 09
2.09 109. 63
2.08 108.02
2.08 103. 49

Cement, hydraulic

1956: Average............ $83. 84
1957: Average______ 87. 91
April............... . 84. 66
M ay________
84. 66
June.......... ....... 86.51
July— ............ 83.16
A ugust............. 91.39
September___
93. 30
October______ 90.50
November....... 91. 35
December____ 90.09
1958: January_____
89.60
February....... . 87.47
M arch _______ 87.19
April________
90.05

41.3
40.7
40.7
40.7
41.0
37.8
40.8
41.1
40.4
40.6
40.4
40.0
39.4
39.1
40.2

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Glass and glassware,
pressed or blown 4

Flat glass

41.1
40.2
40.0
40.2
39.6
40.1
39.5
40.4
40.4
42.6
40.2
40.1
38.2
37.9
36.7

$2. 75 $79. 80
2. 83 83.58
2.77 81.18
2.76 84. 44
2.75 84.02
2.80 84.82
2. 76 84.00
2.81 83.95
2.89 83.74
2. 98 85. 32
2.96 84.77
2.92 84. 99
2.87 84. 77
2. 85 86. 22
2.82 84. 46

Structural clay
products 4

$2.03 $73. 62
2.16 74. 61
2.08 74.00
2.08 74.59
2.11 75.74
2.20 76.33
2.24 76. 52
2. 27 76. 38
2. 24 76.59
2. 25 74.09
2.23 73. 72
2. 24 71. 44
2.22 69.93
2.23 71.06
2.24 72.19

40.9
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.2
40.1
39.2
38.8
37.6
37.0
37.8
38.4

39.7
39.8
39.6
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.0
39.6
39.5
39.5
39.8
39.9
39.8
40.1
39.1

$2.01 $80. 59
2.10 85.01
2.05 82.80
2.09 86.09
2.09 85.65
2.11 86.46
2.10 85.63
2.12 84.74
2.12 84.74
2.16 86. 67
2.13 85.20
2.13 85. 86
2.13 86. 69
2.15 87.29
2.16 86.37

B rick a n d hollow tile

$1.80 $70.14
1.87 69.60
1.85 69. 29
1.86 69.87
1.87 71.55
1.88 71.55
1.88 71. 72
1.90 72.28
1.91 71.58
1.89 69. 43
1.90 68.73
1.90 66. 35
1.89 64.81
1.88 67.37
1.88 69.95

42.0
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.3
40.9
39.9
39.5
38.8
37.9
39.4
40.2

O las» c o n ta in e ri

39.7
40.1
40.0
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.2
39.6
39.6
40.5
40.0
40.5
40.7
40.6
39.8

$2.03 $77. 81
2.12 81.14
2.07 78. 97
2.11 81.39
2.12 81.40
2.14 81.59
2.13 80.78
2.14 82. 58
2.14 82. 74
2.14 82.84
2.13 83. 53
2.12 83. 42
2.13 81.58
2.15 83.67
2.17 80.51

F loor a n d w a ll tile

$1.67 $73. 75
1. 71 75. 81
1. 69 73. 87
1.70 75.81
1. 72 76.80
1. 72 76.80
1. 72 77. 36
1. 75 78. 34
1.75 76. 99
1. 74 76.61
1.74 75.46
1. 71 73. 92
1.71 73. 54
1.71 74.30
1.74 74.11

40.3
39.9
39.5
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.5
40.8
40.1
39.9
39.3
38.5
38.5
38.9
38.6

P re sse d a n d blo w n
g la ss

39.7
39.2
38.9
39. 7
39.9
39.8
39.6
39.7
39.4
38.0
39.4
38.8
38.3
39.1
37.8

Sew er p ip e

$1. 83 $72. 76
1.90 74.03
1. 87 71.00
1.90 74.64
1.92 73. 51
1.92 76. 33
1.91 74.37
1.92 75. 74
1.92 76.55
1.92 71.98
1.92 70. 31
1.92 65.29
1.91 65. 45
1.91 65.66
1. 92 67.12

40.2
39.8
38.8
39.7
39.1
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.5
38.7
37.6
35.1
35.0
35.3
35.7

Glass products made
of purchased glass

$1.96 $68. 71
2. 07 71.02
2.03 69.65
2.05 67. 55
2.04 69. 42
2.05 68. 78
2.04 69. 78
2.08 72. 72
2.10 74. 44
2.18 72. 40
2.12 72.07
2.15 68. 92
2.13 67. 30
2.14 68.20
2.13 67. 33

40.9
39.9
39.8
38.6
39.0
39.3
39.2
40.4
40.9
40.0
39.6
38.5
37.6
38.1
37.2

$1.68
1.78
1. 75
1. 75
1.78
1.75
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.81
1.82
1. 79
1.79
1.79
1. 81

C la y refractories

$1.81 $80. 36
1.86 83.81
1.83 83. 50
1.88 83.07
1.88 83.28
1.88 85.02
1.85 85. 58
1.87 82. 65
1.89 84.80
1.86 82. 43
1.87 83.92
1.86 80. 91
1.87 78.08
1.86 77. 95
1.88 78.40

39.2
38.8
39.2
39.0
39.1
39.0
38.9
37.4
38.2
37.3
37.8
35.8
34.7
34.8
35.0

$2.05
2.16
2. 13
2.13
2.18
2.18
2 20
2. 21
2.22
2.21
2.22
2.26
2.25
2.24
2.24

«

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l.

817

Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervlsory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hour*
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued

1956:
1957:

1958:

Average_____
Average______
A pril.-..............
M ay.................
June..................
July...................
August— ........
September___
October______
November ___
December____

January_____
February ____
March _______
April________

Pottery and related
products

Concrete, gypsum,
and plaster products4

$ 7 2 .2 0
7 4 .0 7
7 3 .9 1
7 3 .1 1
7 2 .0 7
7 1 .8 7
7 4 .2 7
7 4 .8 4
7 5 .2 0
75. 78
7 4 .1 0
7 1 .8 6
7 3 .0 8
7 3 .2 4
7 1 .1 4

$ 8 1 .8 8
82. 56
80. 51
8 3 .2 8
85. 55
8 4 .3 9
8 7 .0 2
8 6 .2 9
8 5 .0 6
8 2 .2 9
8 1 .5 1
8 1 .5 4
7 8 .8 0
8 0 .1 6
8 2 .1 5

3 7 .8
3 7 .6
3 7 .9
3 7 .3
3 6 .4
3 6 .3
3 7 .7
3 7 .8
3 7 .6
3 7 .7
3 6 .5
3 5 .4
3 6 .0
3 5 .9
3 4 .7

$ 1 .9 1
1 .9 7
1. 95
1 .9 6
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
2 .0 0
2 .0 1
2 .0 3
2 .0 3
2 .0 3
2. 04
2.05

4 4 .5
4 3 .0
4 2 .6
4 3 .6
4 4 .1
4 3 .6

44.4
4 3 .8
4 3 .4
4 2 .2
4 1 .8
4 1 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .7

$ 1 .8 4
1 .9 2
1. 89
1 .9 1
1 .9 4
1. 94
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 5
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
1 .9 8
1 .9 6
1 .9 7

Concrete p ro d u c ts

$ 7 8 .7 5
7 9 .8 6
7 8 .6 2
8 1 .0 7
8 3 .5 9
8 1 .4 7
83. 78
8 2 .7 2
8 3 .3 5
7 9 .1 0
7 8 .1 7
78. 81
7 4 .4 9
78. 69
8 1 .0 2

4 5 .0
4 3 .4
4 3 .2
4 4 .3
4 4 .7
4 3 .8
4 4 .8
4 4 .0
4 4 .1
4 2 .3
4 1 .8
4 1 .7
3 9 .0
4 1 .2
4 2 .2

$1. 75
1 .8 4
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 7
1 .8 6
1 .8 7
1 .8 8
1 .8 9
1 .8 7
1 .8 7
1 .8 9
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 2

Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
A sb e sto s p ro d u c ts

1956:
1957:

A verage........ .

Average....... ...

A p r il...............
M ay____ ____
June..................
July...................

1958:

August—.........
September___
October......... .
November___
December___
January____
February........
March _______
A p r il.... .........

$ 8 4 . 65
8 9 .6 6
8 9 .4 6
9 2 .2 4
9 2 .8 8
8 9 .8 4
9 2 .1 8
9 1 .7 6
9 1 .3 0
87. 89
8 7 .7 0

84. 53
85.36
84.50
84.07

4 1 .7
4 1 .7
4 2 .0
4 2 .9
4 2 .8
4 1 .4
4 1 .9
4 1 .9
4 1 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
3 9 .3

39.1

$ 2 .0 3
2 .1 5
2 .1 3
2 .1 5
2 .1 7
2 .1 7
2 .2 0
2 .1 9
2 .2 0
2 .1 7
2 .1 6
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
2 .1 5

Iron and steel found­
ries 4
1956:
1957:

1958:

Average_____

Average______
April________
M ay ............ .

June...............
July...................
August______
September ___
October______
November___
December____
January _____
February .........
M arch __ ____
April ____ ____

$ 8 7 .3 4
8 7 .6 4
8 6 .6 8
8 6 .8 5
8 8 .5 3
8 8 .0 9
87. 58
8 9 .0 4
8 6 .6 4
85. 58
8 6 .4 1
8 2 .3 1
82. 76

82.54
81.40

4 1 .2
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
3 8 .0
3 7 .7
3 7 .9
3 6 .1
3 6 .3
3 6 .2
3 5 .7

$ 2 .1 2
2 .2 3
2 .2 0
2 .2 1
2 .2 3
2. 23
2 .2 4
2 .2 6
2. 28
2 .2 7
2 .2 8
2 .2 8
2 .2 8
2. 28
2 .2 8

P r im a r y re fin in g of
a lu m in u m
1956:
1957:

1958:

Average...........

Average______

$ 9 5 .3 4
1 0 3 .6 8
101. 25
1 0 2 .1 6
102. 82
1 0 1 .6 6
1 0 6 .9 3
1 0 6 .1 3
1 0 7 .5 9
105. 20
1 0 6 .1 3
106. 52
109. 35

April.................
M ay.................
June..................
July..................
August.............
September___
October______
November___
December........
January _____
February ____
M arch _______ 109.89
A p r il.... ____ 109.62

Bee footnotes at end of table


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
4 0 .6
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .6

$ 2 .3 6
2 .5 6
2. 50
2 .5 1
2 .5 2
2 .5 1
2. 66
2 .6 6
2 .6 5
2 .6 3
2. 64
2 .6 3
2 .7 0
2 .7 0
2 .7 0

N o n c la y refractories

$ 8 8 .2 4
8 9 .4 9
8 5 .9 8
8 6 .3 0
8 8 .8 3
85. 79
92. 54
8 9 .8 6
8 7 .1 2
8 6 .8 7
8 3 .5 4
78. 57
8 1 .7 4

83.63
8 2 .6 9

3 8 .7
3 7 .6
3 6 .9
3 7 .2
3 7 .8
3 6 .2
3 8 .4
3 7 .6
3 6 .3
3 6 .5
3 5 .1
3 2 .6
3 4 .2
3 4 .7
3 4 .6

$ 2 .2 8
2 .3 8
2 .3 3
2 .3 2
2 .3 5
2 .3 7
2. 41
2 .3 9
2 .4 0
2 .3 8
2 .3 8
2 .4 1
2 .3 9
2 .4 1
2. 39

G ra y-iro n fo u n d rie s

$ 8 3 .8 4
8 4 .1 5
8 2 .7 8
8 2 .9 4
8 5 .2 4
8 5 .6 3
84. 97
8 5 .8 0
8 3 .8 5
8 3 .1 8
83. 55
7 8 .7 2

78.94
79. 39
78. 85

4 0 .7
3 8 .6
3A 5
3 8 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .1
3 8 .8
3 9 .0
3 7 .6
3 7 .3
3 7 .3
3 5 .3
3 5 .4
3 5 .6
3 5 .2

$ 8 5 .0 4
8 7 .5 3
8 7 .5 6
8 6 .0 9
8 6 .7 1
8 5 .4 4
90. 94
89. 86
8 7 .6 7
8 9 .7 6
89. 57
8 6 .4 0
85. 24
8 5 .2 4
8 7 .3 8

4 2 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .3
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 0 .3
4 2 .1
4 1 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .1
3 9 .1
3 9 .9

Total: Primary metal
Industries
$96. 52
9 9 .0 0
97. 91
97. 42
9 9 .7 0
1 0 0 .4 4
8 9 .8 2
1 0 1 .2 6
9 8 .1 8
97. 41
9 7 .1 6
9 5 .2 3
94. 21
9 5 .3 5
9 5 .3 5

2.23

81.09
84.45
83.17
80.42

$ 2 .0 2
2 .1 4
2 .1 2
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 2
2 .1 6
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .2 0
2 .1 9
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .1 9

4 0 .9
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 8 .5
3 8 .2
3 8 .1
3 7 .2
3 6 .8
3 7 .1
3 7 .1

4 1 .1
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .2
4 0 .2
4 1 .1

$ 1 .7 0
1 .7 7
1 .7 6
1 .7 8
1. 77
1 .7 8
1 .7 9
1 .7 9
1 .7 8
1 .7 7
1 .7 8
1 .7 7
1 .7 7
1 .7 9
1 .7 8

4 0 .5
3 9 .0
3 8 .6
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
3 8 .4
3 9 .4
3 7 .8
3 8 .2
3 8 .5
3 6 .2
3 7 .7
3 6 .8
3 5 .9

Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills 4

$ 2 .3 6 $ 1 0 2 .0 6
2 .5 0 1 0 4 .4 0
2 .4 6 103. 89
2 .4 6 102 .3 1
2 .4 8 1 0 4 .6 7
2. 53 1 0 7 .1 7
2. 54 105. 65
2. 57 1 0 7 .0 9
2 .5 5 103. 74
2. 55 102. 54
2. 55 1 0 1 .1 8
2. 56 100. 46
2. 56
9 8 .1 8
2. 57 1 0 0 .4 6
2. 57 1 0 1 .3 8

M a lle a b le -iro n fo u n d ­
ries
$ 8 3 .8 4
8 4 .6 3
8 2 .0 1
8 4 .1 0
8 4 .8 9
a s . 85
8 3 .3 3
87. 47
8 4 .2 9
85. 57
8 6 .2 4

Secondary smelting
and refining of
non ferrous metals

$ 6 9 .8 7
7 1 .1 5
7 0 .0 5
72. 62
7 2 .2 2
7 1 .5 6
72. 67
7 3 .2 1
7 2 .6 2
7 0 .2 7
7 0 .6 7
6 9 .7 4
6 9 .3 8
7 1 .9 6
7 3 .1 6

Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products 4
$ 8 3 .0 3
8 6 .4 6
85. 67
8 6 .9 2
8 7 .7 4
85. 79
8 7 .2 6
8 7 .6 7
8 7 .8 5
8 5 .5 0
8 6 .1 5
84. 63
8 4 .0 2
8 5 .2 8
8 3 .9 8

4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .6
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 9 .3
3 8 .7

$ 2 .0 4
2 .1 4
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 7
2 .1 7
2 .1 7
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 7

A b ra sive p ro d u c ts

$ 8 8 .1 8
9 0 .2 9
91. 35
9 1 .3 0
91. 71
88. 98
8 8 .5 3
8 8 .5 5
9 0 .9 4
8 7 .9 3
9 2 .9 7
8 9 .0 9
8 7 .1 7
8 9 .0 1
8 7 .0 9

3 9 .9
3 9 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 9 .2
3 7 .9
3 9 .9
3 8 .4
3 7 .9
3 8 .7
3 7 .7

$ 2 .2 1
2 .2 8
2 .2 5

2.26
2 .2 7

2.27
2 .2 7
2 .3 0
2 .3 2
2 .3 2
2 .3 3
2 .3 2
2 .3 0
2 .3 0
2 .3 1

Primary metal industries

$ 2 .0 6
2 .1 8
2 .1 5
2. 16
2. 18
2 .1 9
2 .1 9
2 .2 0
2 .2 3
2 .2 3
2 .2 4
2 .2 3
2. 23
2. 24

Out-stone and stone
products

$ 2 .0 7
2 .1 7
2. 13
2 .1 4
2 .1 6
2 .1 5
2 .1 7
2 .2 2
2 .2 3
2 .2 4
2 .2 4

2.24
2 .2 4
2 .2 6
2 .2 4

4 0 .5
3 9 .1
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
3 9 .4
3 8 .7
3 8 .8
3 8 .0
3 7 .7
3 7 .2
3 6 .4
3 5 .7
3 6 .4
3 6 .6

$ 2 .5 2 $102. 47
2 .6 7 104. 79
2 .6 3 1 0 4 .2 8
2 .6 1 102. 70
2 .6 3 105. 07
2 .7 2 1 0 7 .5 6
2 .7 3 106. 04
2 .7 6 1 0 7 .4 8
2. 73 103. 85
2 .7 2 1 0 2 .6 5
2. 72 101. 28
2. 76 100. 55
2. 75
9 8 .2 6
2. 76 100. 55
2. 77 101. 47

S teel fo u n d rie s

$ 9 5 .6 3
9 5 .8 8
9 6 .9 8
95. 58
9 6 .4 1
9 5 .2 4
9 5 .2 7
9 6 .3 2
93. 21
9 1 .6 3
93. 21
9 1 .2 0
9 0 .3 8
8 9 .2 8
87. 84

4 2 .5
4 0 .8
4 1 .8
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
3 7 .5
3 7 .2
3 6 .6

B la s t fu rn a c es, steel
w o rk s, a n d rollin g
m ills , except electro­
m eta llu rg ica l p r o d ­
u cts

$ 2 .2 5
2 .3 5
2 .3 2
2 .3 2
2 .3 4
2. 34
2 .3 7
2 .3 9
2 .3 9
2 .3 8
2 .3 9
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 .4 0
2 .4 0

4 0 .6
3 9 .1
3 9 .6
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
3 9 .4
3 8 .7
3 8 .8
3 7 .9
3 7 .6
3 7 .1
3 6 .3
3 5 .6

36.3
3 6 .5

$ 2 .5 3
2 .6 8
2 .6 4
2 .6 2
2. 64
2. 73
2 .7 4
2. 77
2 .7 4
2 .7 3
2. 73
2. 77
2 .7 6
2. 77
2. 78

E lectro m eta llu rg ica l
p ro d u c ts

$88. 44
9 3 .4 3
91. 25
90. 52
9 2 .0 0
9 2 .2 8
9 5 .3 4
9 6 .3 9
95. 76
9 6 .2 4
9 6 .0 0
9 8 .8 1
9 8 .2 3
9 6 .0 0
99. 55

4 0 .2
4 0 .1
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
3 9 .1
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .8

$ 2 .2 0
2 .3 3
2 .2 7
2 .2 8
2 .3 0

2.36
2 .3 6
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 .3 9
2 .4 0
2. 44

Primary
smelting P r im a r y sm e ltin g and
and refining of nonrefin in g of co p p er,
ferrous m etals4
lead, a n d zin c
$91. 46
95. 41
9 4 .0 2
9 4 .8 9
9 5 .5 3
9 5 .1 8
9 6 .9 6
9 7 .5 3
9 7 .0 4
9 6 .0 0
9 7 .1 2
9 6 .4 0
9 7 .2 8
9 7 .0 4
9 6 .6 4

4 1 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
4 0 .1

$2.22
2 .3 5
2 .3 1
2 .3 2
2 .3 3
2 .3 5
2 .4 0
2 .4 2
2. 42
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 .4 1
2. 42
2. 42
2. 41

$ 8 9 .0 2
9 0 .1 3
89. 57
9 0 .2 0
9 0 .8 3
9 1 .1 3
9 0 .4 5
9 1 .9 4
8 9 .5 0
8 9 .1 5
9 0 .0 5
8 8 .7 0
8 9 .1 5
8 8 .9 8
88. 53

4 1 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .5
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .2
3 9 .6
3 9 .8

39.9
3 9 .7

$ 2 .1 2
2. 22
2 .1 9
2 .2 0

2.21
2.25
2.25

2 .2 7
2 .2 6
2 .2 4
2 .2 4
2 .2 4
2 .2 4
2 .2 3
2 .2 3

Rolling,
drawing,
llin g , d ra w in g , and
and alloying of Raollo
y in g of co p p er
nonferrous m etals4

R o llin g , d ra w in g , and
a llo y in g of a lu m in u m

Nonferrous foundries

$ 9 3 .3 8
9 4 .8 7
9 4 .3 0
9 4 .5 4
9 5 .8 8
9 4 .2 4
95. 52
9 8 .0 1
97. 28
96. 32
9 7 .2 0
9 3 .4 1
9 5 .8 0
9 6 .6 8
9 5 .8 0

$ 9 1 .1 3
9 6 .2 4
9 5 .9 9
9 5 .2 7
9 4 .4 0
9 3 .6 9
9 7 .5 7
100. 75
9 8 .4 6
9 7 .0 7
9 8 .0 6
9 7 .3 2
1 0 0 .8 0
1 0 2 .6 2
102. 47

$ 8 8 .9 4
9 1 .6 0
8 9 .9 5
9 0 .6 3
9 1 .8 8
9 1 .7 7
9 2 .0 6
9 3 .2 6
9 1 .6 4
9 0 .9 4
9 0 .4 8
9 0 .2 5
8 9 .2 4
89. 71
88. 86

4 1 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .1
3 9 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
3 8 .6
3 9 .1
3 9 .3
3 9 .1

$ 2 .2 5
2 .3 6
2 .3 4
2 .3 4
2 .3 5
2 .3 5
2 .4 0
2 .4 2
2 .4 2
2. 42
2 .4 3
2 .4 2
2. 45
2 .4 6
2 .4 5

$ 9 5 .1 8
9 4 .3 0
9 2 .4 0
9 3 .9 6
9 7 .1 1
9 5 .1 8
9 3 .1 3
9 5 .9 9
9 7 .0 3
96. 24
96. 64
9 0 .3 4
9 1 .4 4
9 2 .1 6
9 0 .5 8

4 2 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .5
4 1 .5
4 0 .5
3 9 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .1
4 0 .1
3 7 .8
3 8 .1
3 8 .4
3 7 .9

$ 2 .2 5
2 .3 4
2. 31
2 .3 2
2 .3 4
2 .3 5
2 .3 4
2 .3 7
2 .3 9
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 .3 9
2 .4 0
2 .4 0
2. 39

4 0 .6
4 0 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
4 0 .3
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
4 0 .0
4 0 .4
4 0 .5

$ 2 .2 5
2 .4 0
2 .3 7
2 .3 7
2 .3 6
2 .3 6
2 .4 7
2 .5 0
2 .4 8
2. 47
2. 47
2 .4 7
2 .5 2
2 .5 4
2. 53

4 0 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
4 0 .3
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .3

$ 2 .1 8
2 .2 9
2 .2 6
2 .2 6
2 .2 8
2 .3 0
2 .2 9
2 .3 1
2 .3 2
2 .3 2
2 .3 2
2 .3 2
2 .3 3
2 .3 3
2 .3 2

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

818
T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
lugs

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Miscellaneous primary metal in­ Iro n a n d steel fo rg in g s
dustries 4
$ 99.90

101.25
100.12
99. 38
102.67
101.34
102.06
101.45
99.57
98.16
99.06
1958; J a n u a r y
Q8 fiO
February------- 96! 90
March_______ 97.28
April-----------96. 65

April.“---------M ay________
June__ ______
July............... .
August______
September___
October______
November___
December------

41.8
40. 5
40.7
40. 4
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.1
39.2
38.8
39.0
38.7
38.0
38.0
37.9

$ 2.39 $ 105.
2 . 50 105.
2.46 105.
2. 46 105.

2.48
2.49
2 52
2.53
2.54
2 . 53
2.54
2 . 55
2 . 55
2 . 56
2 . 55

Cutlery, hand tools,
and hardware 4

A p r il.______
M ay________
June_________
July_________
August-------September___
O c to b e r ..___
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
March_______
April---- ------

$ 81.60

85.86
83. 21
84. 44
84.63
84.19
85.65
90.27
89. 38
89.16
83. 92
82.60
82. 56
82. 56
81.37

40.8
40. 5
40. 2
40. 4
40.3
39.9
40.4
41.6
41.0
40.9
39.4
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.2

$ 2.
2.

00
12
2.07
2 . 09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.13

O il b u rn ers, nonelectrie heatino and
cooking a p p a r a tu s,
n o t elsewhere c la ssi­
fied

1956: Average_____
1057: Average_____

April________
M ay............ .
June_________
July________
August______
September___
October........ .
November___
December____
1958: January_____
February____
March___ ___
April.................

$ 79 .

00
82.58
80 . 77
80. 96
82.80
80.55
82.97
85. 46
85. 46
82.68
84. 77
84.10
82. 64
84.10
84.07

39.9
39.7
39.4
39.3
40.0
39.1
39. 7
40.5
40.5
39.0
39.8
39.3
38.8
39.3
39.1

$

1.98
2.08
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.06
2.09
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.13
2.14
2.15

Metal stamping, coat­
ing, and engraving 4
1966: Average...........
1957: A v era g e.........

April________
M ay________
June_________
July_________
August______
September___
October______
November___
December........
1958: January____
F eb ru a ry .__
March__ ____
April___

$ 87.

34
89.95
88.29
89.32
91.21
88.80
89.91
92.29
90.72
92.62
89.33
86.69
87.08
89.50
90.06

41.2
40.7
40. 5
40.6
40.9
40.0
40.5
41.2
40.5
40.8
39.7
38. 7
38. 7
39.6
39.5

8ee footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

A vg.
hriy.
earntags

Fabricated metal products (except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipment)

Primary metal Industries—Continued

19-56: Average_____
1957: Average_____

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

1Q5f l ; A v e r a g e
1957: Average_____

Avg. Avg
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

$ 2.12

2.21
2.18
2.20
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.24
2. 2'
2.27
2.25
2.24
2.25
2. 26
2 . 28

42
71
52
52
107.90
105.52
104. 52
103.89
102.43
99.68
101. 52
100. 47
98.89
99.53
97.94

42.0
40.5
40.9
40.9
41.5
40.9
40.2
39.5
38.8
37.9
38.6
38.2
37.6
37.7
37.1

$ 2.51

$ 97.06

2.61
2.58
2 . 58
2.60
2.58
2.60
2.63
2.64
2.63
2.63
2.63
2.63
2. 64
2.64

96.63
96. 52
95.18
97.23
94.56
98.09
97.36
96. 56
95. 68
97. 76
96.04
94.82
93.84
91.50

74.40
74. 77
73.42
73.82
75.39
76.17
76.38
76.00
73. 53
72.58
74.11
75.26

40.8
40.1
40. 4
40.0
40.2
39.9
39.9
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.0
38.7
38.0
38.6
39.2

$ 1.78

1.86
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.84
1.85
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92

$ 2.30

$ 94.66

2.38
2. 36
2. 35
2. 36
2. 37
2.41
2.41
2 . 42
2.41
2. 45
2.45
2 . 45
2 . 45
2.44

99.94
96.80
96. 47
104. 58
104. 67
102. 91
102.87
97.27
97.02
96. 89
97. 66
96.90
95.74
100.22

$ 82 .

62
83.58
82. 58
82.99
82.97
80.47
84.19
85.60
84.96
85.39
85.81
82.82
82. 51
82.99
83.38

40.9
39.8
39,7
39.9
39.7
38.5
39.9
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.1
38.7
38.2
38.6
38.6

$ 2.02

2.10
2.08
2. 08
2.09
2.09
2.11
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.15
2.16

Fabricated structural S tr u c tu r a l steel a n d orn a m e n ta l m eta l w ork
metal products 4

$ 87.

57
92.99
91. 96
93.04
93.68
93.63
94. 89
95.99
94.39
93 02
93.71
91.71
89. 83
91.08
90.23

41.5
41.7
41.8
42.1
42.2
41.8
41.8
42.1
41.4
40.8
41.1
40.4
39.4
39.6
39.4

$ 2.11

2.23
2.20
2. 21
2.22
2.24
2.27
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.27
2.28
2.30
2.29

V itre o u s enam eled
p ro d u c ts
$ 66.64
70. 84

64.90
65.14
68.85
72.86
74. 3 4
75.12
76.31
69. 36
70.07
66.60
68.26
74.34
66.60

39.2
39.8
37. S
36.8
38. £
41.4
41. £
41.5
41.7
37 Í
38.5
36.0
37.1
40. '
36.0

$ 1.

70
1.78
1.74
1. 77
1.77
1.76
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.85
1.82
1. 85
1.84
1. 8'
1.85

$ 87.
94.

57
73
93.93
94. 57
95.67
95.37
97.10
97.98
96.37
93.89
94.35
92.11
89. 38
91.31
90.91

41.5
42.1
42. 5
42.6
42.9
42.2
42.4
42.6
41.9
41.0
41.2
40.4
39.2
39.7
39.7

$ 2.

11
2.25
2. 21
2. 22
2. 23
2.26
2.29
2.30
2. 3C
2.29
2.29
2. 28
2.28
2 . 3C
2 . 29

S ta m p e d a n d p ressed
m eta l p ro d u c ts
$ 91.
94.

30
07
91.76
93.25
96.00
92.86
93. 3i
97.11
94.42
97.64
93. 1£
89. 71
90. 71
93. 85
95.12

41.5
40.9
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.6
41.5
40.7
41.2
39.8
38.5
38.6
39.6
39.8

40.8
40.3
40.0
39.7
42.0
41.7
41.0
40.5
38.6
38. 5
38.6
38.6
38.0
37.4
39.3

$ 2.

32
2.48
2. 42
2.43
2 . 49
2. 51
2 . 51
2.54
2.52
2 52
2. 51
2.53
2 . 55
2 . 56
2.55

$ 85.28

89.16
87. 94
88. 34
89. 40
89.13
90.20
91.91
90.35
90. 32
89.24
87. 47
86.36
87. 42
87.14

$ 2.20
2. 3(

2.26
2.28
2 . 3c
2 . 31
2 . 3(
2.34
2.32
2 . 37
2. 3'
2. 3£
2.35
2 . 37
2 . 3Í

$ 83 .

44
89.35
85. 84
87.91
88.10
88.48
89. 35
95.85
94. 02
93.98
85.02
85.31
85.31
85. 03
82. 56

40.7
40.8
40.3
40. 7
40.6
40.4
40.8
42.6
41.6
41.4
39.0
38.6
38.6
38.3
37.7

$ 2.05

$ 80.19

2.19
2. 13
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.25
2.26
2. 27
2.18
2 . 21
2.21
2.22
2.19

83.74
81.93
82.11
83. 77
81.90
84. 56
86. 24
86.03
85. 06
86. 55
86.07
84.97
85. 41
84. 92

M e ta l doors, sash,
f r a m e s , m o ld i n g ,
a n d trim

$ 84.85
89. 57
87. 91
89. 42

90.25
90.67
92.51
94.02
89.82
90.98
91.02
87.38
86. 58
86. 36
84. 86

40.6
40.9
40.7
41. 4
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.6
40.1
40.8
41.0
39. £
39.0
38. £
38.4

78.80
78. 8C
80.19
80. 0C
82.62
82.19
82.80
78.16
76. 9'
75. 75
74. 77
76.13

40.0
39.7
39. V
39.6
39.1
39.7
40. C
40.3
39.9
40.0
38.5
37.9
37.5
37.2
37.5

39. 7
39.5
39.2
39.1
39.7
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.2
39.2
39.7
39.3
38.8
39.0
38.6

$ 2.09
2. 19
2. 16

$ 87.

98
92.77
91.54
92. 40
91.10
92.35
93.15
94.95
94.85
92.80
93.25
93. 43
91.94
92. 97
92.50

2.16
2.18
2. 1£
2 . 24
2.26
2.24
2.23
2 . 22
2. 1£
2. 22
2 . 22
2.21

41. 5
41.6
41.8
42.0
41.6
41.6
41.4
42.2
41.6
40.7
40.9
40.8
39.8
39.9
39.7

$ 91. 78
2.18 96.64
2.15 97.25
2.16 94.07
2.17 97.90
2.19 101. 76
2.20 99. 64
2.22 97. 34
2.22 96.00
2.23 98.17
2.22 101.19
2.22 96.23
2.22 98.42
2 . 23 100. 36
2.24 97. 51

$ 82.68

2.12
2 . 09
2. 10
2.11
2.10
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.20

88.19
84. 53
84.53
85.97
85.53
88. 36
88.58
87.69
90.06
90.06
90.39
89.24
87.94
86.71

$ 2.

12
2.23
2 . 1£
2.20
2.19
2.22
2.25
2 . 25
2.28
2.28
2.28
2 . 2£
2.31
2 . 3£
2.33

$ 80.

1.97
1.99
2.00
2.02
2. 0C
2.05
2.06
2.07
2. 0Í
2 . Oí
2.02
2.01
2 . o; !

1

75
84.65
81. 2t
80.40
82. 42
81.18
82. 4C
84.03
82.16
82. 39
82. 59
81. 3£
79. 9C
80.29
79.87

41.2
40.1
40.2
39.8
40.4
39.6
40.0
40.4
39.5
39.8
39.9
39. ]
38.6
38.6
38. '

$ 1.96
2. 05

2.02
2.02
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.08
2. 07
2.07
2. 08
2.07
2 . 08 I
2. 08|

42.1
41.3
42.1
40.9
42.2
43.3
42.4
41.6
40.0
40.4
41.3
39.6
40.5
41.3
39.8

$ 2.18

2.34
2 . 31
2.30
2. 32
2.35
2.35
2.34
2.40
2.43
2.45
2.43
2 . 43
2. 43
2.45

S a n ita r y w a re and
p lu m b e r s ' s u p p lie s

$ 2.02

Fabricated wire
products

$ 1.91
2. 01

Tin can and other
tinware

$ 2.07

B oiler-sh op p ro d u c ts

Lighting fixtures
$ 76.40
79. 80
78. 21

41.2
40.9
40.9
40.9
41.2
40.7
41.0
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.4
38.9
39.2
38.9

H eating apparatus
(except electric)
an d p lu m b e r s ’
supplice 4

H a rd w a re

H a n d tools

C u tle ry a n d edge tools

$ 72 . 62
74. 59
74. 34

42.2
49.6
40.9
40.5
41.2
39.9
40.7
40.4
39.9
39.7
39.9
39.2
38.7
38.3
37.5

Total Fabricated
metal products

W elded a n d heavyriveted p ip e

W ir t d ra w in g

39.0
39.0
38.6
38.6
38.9
38.7
39.8
39.9
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.3
38.8
38.4
37.7

$ 2.12

2.21
2. 19
2.19
2. 21
2 21
2.22
2.22
2.22
2,28
2.28
2.30
2.30
2. 29
2.30

Sheet-m etal work

$ 90.

52
93.15
90. 61
93.18
94. 92
94.85
94.62
95. 40
94.12
92 97
95. 76
93.96
92.80
91. 64
91.34

42.3
41.4
41.0
41.6
42.0
41.6
41.5
41.3
41.1
40.6
41.1
40.5
40.0
39.5
39.2

$ 2.14

2.25
2.21
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.28
2.31
2.29
2.29
2.33
2.32
2.32
2 . 32
2.33

M iscellaneous fabri­
cated metal prod­
ucts 4
$ 86.09
89. 01
89. 24

88.18
89.02
89. 21
88.99
89.82
89. 79
88.91
87.85
85. 67
84.58
83.71
81. 97

42.2
41.4
41.7
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.0
40.6
40.3
39. £
38.8
38.4
37.6

$ 2.

04
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.18

0 : EARNINGS AND HOURS

819

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly, wkly.
earn­ houri
ing*

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hour*
ings
ing*

Avg, Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ houri
ing*
ing!

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. Wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hour!
ings
ing*

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ing!
ing!

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ing!

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—
Continued

Metal shipping barrel«,
drums, kegs, andpails
1956: Average______
1957: Average............
A p ril............. .
M ay..................
June_________
July..................
August______
September___
October
___
November___
December____
1958: January_____
February_____
March___ . .
A p ril.._______

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hour*
ing*
ings

$97.16
97- 75
97. 64
96. 70
103. 53
103. 58
102 55
99. 23
95.01
95.99
91.85
93. 84
98. 06
95.45
98.31

42.8
40.9
41. 2
41.5
43.5
42.8
42. 2
40.5
39.1
39.5
37.8
38.3
39.7
38.8
39.8

Steel springs

$2. 27 $90. 17
2. 39 95. 65
2.37 94.60
2.33 93. 32
2.38 97. 94
2. 42 94. 71
2. 43 96. 76
2.45 95.82
2.43 93. 85
2. 43 92. 75
2. 43 91. 72
2. 45 90.15
2.47 89.68
2.46 87. 93
2. 47 88. 22

40.8
40.7
40.6
40.4
41.5
40.3
41.0
40.6
39.6
39.3
38.7
38.2
38.0
37.1
37.7

$2. 21 $88. 20
2.35 91.08
2.33 90. 27
2. 31 89. 62
2.36 89. 82
2.35 90. 45
2. 36 90.39
2.36 91.88
2. 37 92. 70
2.36 92. 48
2.37 89. 47
2.36 87. 91
2.36 84.64
2. 37 83. 25
2. 34 80.06

Steam engines, tur­ Diesel and other in­
bines, and water ternal combustion,
wheels
not elsewhere clas­
sified
1956: Average........... $101.50
1957: Average.......... 113. 58
April................. 111. 11
M ay................. 113. 62
June_________ 112. 99
July_________ 114. 70
A u g u s t........... 111.04
September___ 109. 59
O ctob er.......... 112. 75
November___ 116. 60
December____ 117.02
1958: January........... 103. 88
February____ 104.68
March__ ____ 105.06
April______
107.47

41.6
42.7
42.9
43.2
42.8
42.8
41.9
41.2
41.3
42.4
42.4
39.2
39.5
39.2
40.1

$2. 44 $93. 98
2.66 95.27
2. 59 93. 32
2.63 94.94
2. 64 96. 87
2.68 93. 85
2.65 94. 01
2. 66 97.44
2. 73 96.62
2. 75 97.60
2. 76 98. 82
2. 65 99. 23
2. 65 98. 98
2.68 101.11
2.68 97.76

Constructionandmin­
ing machinery, ex­
cept for oilfields
1956: Average_____ $92.01
1957: Average........... 92.39
April................. 93.56
M ay________
93. 56
June____ ____
92.89
July____ ____
91.25
August______
91.25
September......
92. 46
October .......... 89.93
November___
88. 62
December___
90.16
1958: January........... 90.09
February......... 88.39
March____ _
89.01
April________
89.09

42.4
40.7
41.4
41.4
41.1
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.1
38.7
39.2
39.0
38.1
38.2
38.4

1956: Average........... $89. 67
1957: Average_____
90. 47
April................. 90 07
M ay________
89.42
June.................. 89. 64
July.................. 89. 82
August______
89.38
September___
90.23
October......... . 90.64
November___
89.28
December.......
90.39
1958: January........... 88. 40
February____
87. 69
March___
88.09
April— ............ 87. 64

42.7
41.5
41. 7
41.4
41.5
41.2
41.0
41.2
41.2
40.4
40.9
40.0
39.5
39.5
39.3

See footnotes at end of table,


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

42.8
41.1
41.9
40.0
41.6
41.3
41.6
42.0
40.4
39.7
40.5
39.7
39.0
38.5
37.3

$2.10 $89. 46
2.18 91.02
2.16 91. 52
2.16 91.49
2.16 91.69
2. 18 91.43
2.18 91.17
2.19 92. 48
2. 20 91.80
2.21 89. 78
2. 21 91.76
2.21 91.03
2. 22 91.03
2. 23 91.88
2.23 91.48

41.8
41.0
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.0
40.7
41.1
40.8
39.9
40.6
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.3

$2.09 $85.63
2.20 87. 99
2.17 89. 25
2.17 87. 57
2.18 87. 36
2.19 86.52
2. 21 86. 51
2.23 87.34
2. 25 87.53
2.25 86. 46
2.22 86. 69
2.22 82.68
2.21 81.24
2.22 80.98
2.23 79.76

40.0
39.7
39. 9
40.2
40.0
39.8
38.9
39.9
39.5
39.0
39.9
39.8
38.8
39.4
40.0

45.1
42.7
44. 5
43.7
43.3
42.4
41.6
41.5
40.4
39.8
40.6
39.8
39.8
40.1
39.8

$2. 41
2. 49
2.49
2.50
2. 51
2.50
2.48
2.50
2.48
2.49
2. 51
2. 51
2.54
2. 58
2.59

Textile machinery

$2.14 $76. 59
2. 22 77. 74
2. 20 76. 57
2.21 76.76
2.22 77.93
2.23 77.55
2.24 77.16
2.25 76.21
2.25 78.74
2.25 76.81
2.26 78.14
2. 27 76. 61
2. 27 75.26
2.28 73.92
2.27 72.96

41.4
40.7
40.3
40.4
40.8
40.6
40.4
39.9
40.8
39.8
40.7
39.9
39.2
38.5
38.0

42.6
41.7
42 5
41.9
41.6
41.2
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.7
39.0
38.5
38.2
37.8

40.3
39.5
39.5
39.6
39.6
39.3
38.0
39.4
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.4
37.5
38.0
39.7

46.8
42.2
43.7
42.8
42.5
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.1
39.1
39.8
39.1
38.2
38.2
37.4

$2. 24 $82.37
2.36 89.20
2.32 89.28
2. 31 90. 58
2.33 90. 72
2.33 89.47
2.34 88.98
2. 41 91. 71
2. 42 89.44
2.42 89.60
2. 44 92.92
2. 45 92.63
2. 46 93.03
2.48 95. 47
2.48 93.50

$2.32
2.39
2. 39
2. 39
2.40
2.37
2.38
2.41
2.40
2.41
2. 41
2.38
2. 35
2. 38
2.39

Paper-industries
machinery

$1.85 $97.48
1.91 96.78
1.90 99. 82
1.90 95.03
1.91 94.16
1.91 92.88
1.91 92.02
1.91 94.83
1.93 94.18
1.93 91.98
1.92 96.14
1.92 90. 03
1.92 87.20
1.92 87.16
1.92 86.24

46.2
44.6
46.0
44.2
44.0
43.4
42.6
43.5
43.2
42.0
43.5
41.3
40.0
39.8
39.2

42.2
41.0
41. 4
41.1
41.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.2

$2 21
2.30
2.28
2.28
2.30
2.30
2.30
2. 32
2.33
2. 34
2.34
2. 34
2.35
2.36
2.36

Agricultural machin­
ery {except tractors)

Machine tools
$106.26
100.86
104. 44
102.29
102.00
97.17
97.58
97.61
96.24
94.23
95. 92
93.06
89. 77
90.92
89.39

Total: Machinery
(except electrical)

$2. 01 $93. 26
2.11 94.30
2.10 94. 39
2.09 93. 71
2.10 94. 53
2.10 93. 61
2 11 93.15
2.12 94.42
2.14 93.67
2.14 92.90
2.13 94.30
2.12 92.90
2.11 92.12
2.12 93.22
2.11 92. 51

Tractors

$2.17 $90. 27
2.30 93.22
2.27 91.64
2.27 91. 48
2.29 92.04
2.28 91.57
2.29 88. 92
2.34 94.95
2. 35 95.59
2.35 93.90
2. 37 96.14
2.38 96. 53
2. 39 92.25
2. 41 94. 24
2.40 98.46

Metalworking ma­
chinery 4

$2.16 $108. 69
2.27 106.32
2. 25 110. 81
2.24 109. 25
2.25 108.68
2.26 106.00
2.27 103.17
2.31 103. 75
2.33 100.19
2.33 99.10
2. 35 101. 91
2.34 99. 90
2. 34 101.09
2. 33 103. 46
2.34 103.08

Food-products
machinery

42.2
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.2
41.3
40.9
41.2
41.2
41.1
40.3
39.6
38.3
37.5
35.9

Screw-machine
products

Agricultural machin­
ery and tractors 4

$2.27 $86. 80
2.37 91.31
2.31 90. 57
2. 35 91. 25
2.38 91.60
2.37 90. 74
2.38 89.08
2.43 93.37
2.44 92.83
2. 44 91.65
2. 44 94. 56
2.45 94. 72
2. 45 92. 73
2.46 94. 95
2. 45 96.00

Oilfield machinery
and tools

$2.17 $92.45
2. 27 93.30
2.26 94.28
2.26 89.60
2.26 93.60
2.27 93.34
2. 27 94. 43
2.30 97.02
2.30 94.13
2. 29 92. 50
2. 30 95.18
2. 31 92.90
2. 32 91.26
2.33 89.71
2.32 87.28

Special-industry ma­
chinery (except
metal working ma­
chinery) 4

41.4
40.2
40.4
40.4
40.7
39.6
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.0
40. 5
40.5
40.4
41.1
39.9

Bolts, nuts, washers,
and rivets

Machinery (except electrical)

39.6
40.0
40.4
40.8
40.5
40.3
39.9
40.4
39.4
39.3
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.8
40.3

43.2
41.6
42.7
42.0
41.7
41.6
41.2
42.1
40.2
39.7
40.2
38.9
38.7
38.8
38.8

$2.26
2.39
2.36
2.38
2.38
2.41
2. 41
2. 44
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2. 46
2.47
2.47

Printing-trades ma­
chinery and equip­
ment

$2.11 $102. 70
2.17 99. 66
2.17 102. 29
2.15 102.05
2.14 97.82
2.14 98.23
2.16 92.27
2.18 97.10
2.18 99.12
2.19 98.81
2. 21 98. 57
2.18 98.90
2.18 97.28
2.19 99.95
2.20 99.14

43.7
41.7
42.8
42.7
41.1
41.1
39.6
40.8
41.3
41.0
40.9
40.7
40.2
41.3
40.8

$95. 45
100.86
98.23
100. 53
101.60
100.28
99.29
101.00
101.45
103.38
104. 39
100. 65
100. 65
102.06
100. 80

41.5
41.0
41.1
41.2
41.3
40.6
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.7
41.1
40.1
40.1
40.5
40.0

$2.30
2. 46
2.39
2. 44
2. 46
2.47
2.47
2, 50
2. 53
2. 54
2. 64
2. 51
2.51
2.52
2.52

Construction and
mining machinery 4

$2.08 $92. 23
2. 23 92.62
2. 21 94. 02
2.22 92. 25
2. 24 93.34
2.22 91.94
2.23 92.16
2.27 93.84
2, 27 91.25
2.28 89.70
2.30 91.87
2.31 90. 94
2.32 89. 47
2. 34 89.24
2.32 88.77

Metalworking ma­
chinery {except ma­
chine tools)
$97.63
99.42
100.77
99.96
99.25
100. 26
99.29
102. 72
97. 69
96. 87
98. 49
95. 69
95.20
95.84
95.84

Engin es and turbines4

42.5
40.8
41.6
41.0
41.3
40.5
40.6
40.8
39.5
39.0
39.6
39.2
38.4
38.3
38.1

$2.17
2.27
2. 26
2. 25
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.30
2.31
2.30
2. 32
2. 32
2.33
2.33
2.33

Mackine-tool
accessories
$115.12
112.67
118. 82
116. 48
116.33
113.10
108.03
107.68
103.38
102. 77
106.30
105. 56
109.06
112. 74
112.61

45.5
43.5
45.7
44.8
44.4
43.5
42.2
41.9
40.7
40.3
41.2
40.6
41.0
41.6
41.4

$2.53
2. 59
2.60
2.60
2.62
2.60
2. 56
2. 57
2.54
2. 55
2.58
2.60
2.66
2.71
2.72

General industrial
machinery 4

$2.35 $92.87
2.39 92.89
2.39 92.10
2. 39 92.51
2.38 92.48
2.39 92.21
2.33 92.62
2.38 94.99
2.40 93.38
2. 41 92.23
2. 41 93. 79
2.43 91.48
2.42 90.09
2.42 90.32
2.43 90.32

42.6
41.1
41.3
41.3
41.1
40.8
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.1
40.6
39.6
39.0
39.1
39.1

$2.18
2.26
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.30
2. 30
2.30
2.31
2.31
2. 31
2.31
2.31

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

820

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
w kly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

Avg.
hrly.
earning*

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hour*
ingi

Avg.
hrly.
earningi

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hour*
ing*

Avg.
hrly.
earning*

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ing*

Avg.
hrly.
earning*

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ing*

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
tags

Avg.
hrly.
earntags

Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
P u m p » , a ir a n d ga«
c o m p resso rs

1956: Average-----1957: Average........
April.............
M a y ............
June..............
July---------August------September...
October........
N ovem ber..
D ecem ber...
1958: J a n u a r y -------

February—
March_____
April.............

$90.53
90.20
89.19
91.10
90.39
89.54
88.88
92. 74
90. 72
88.31
89.82
87. 58
86. 91
87.36
87.58

42.5
41.0
41.1
41.6
40.9
40.7
40.4
41.4
40.5
39.6
40.1
39.1
38.8
39.0
39.1

$2.13 $97.61
2.20 98. 59
2.17 99.36
2.19 97. 81
2.21 96.93
2.20 97.70
2.20 99.29
2.24 100.02
2.24 98. 64
2.23 96.56
2.24 100.12
2.24 95.04
2. 24 93.21
2. 24 92.49
2.24 92.49

Office and store machines and devices4

1956: Average-----1957: Average........
April.............
M ay______
June..............
July..............
August.........
Septem ber..
October____
N ovem ber..
D ecem ber...
1958: January___
February__
March_____
April— ........

$90.23
90.63
89. 47
88.93
89.89
89.78
89.72
91.43
91. 54
92. 73
92. 73
90. 40
91.49
92. 36
92. 66

41.2
40.1
40.3
39.7
39.6
39.9
39.7
40.1
39.8
39.8
39.8
38.8
39.1
39.3
39.6

$2.19
2.26
2.22
2.24
2.27
2.25
2. 26
2. 28
2.30
2.33
2. 33
2.33
2.34
2. 35
2.34

S e w in g m ach ines

1956: Average___
1957: Average.......
April...........
M a y .......... .
June______
July............ .
August____
September..
October___
Novem ber..
December..
1958: January___
F ebruary...
March____
April______

$88. 97
89.20
88.80
89.87
89.42
90.27
90. 72
88.40
88.09
93.48
93.20
88.88
89.27
89. 72
88. 37

C o n veyo rt a n d con­
veyin g e q u ip m e n t

43.0
41.6
42.1
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.4
41.2
39.6
39.0
38.7
38.7

$2.27 $86.53
2.37 87.70
2.36 85.05
2.34 86.88
2.33 87.72
2.36 88.04
2. 41 86.67
2. 41 91.21
2.40 88.44
2.39 87.56
2.43 89. 79
2. 40 86.85
2. 39 85. 75
2.39 86.24
2.39 85. 85

C o m p u tin g m ach ines
a n d cash registers

$96.05
98.01
95. 34
96.56
97.60
99.14
97.28
99.38
98.95
100. 25
100.10
99.20
101.15
102. 31
100.75

41.4
40.5
40.4
40.4
40.0
40.8
40. 2
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.2
40.0
40.3
40.6
40.3

41.8
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.8
40.2
40.5
40.9
40.2
39.8
41.0
39.3
38.8
39.2
39.2

T y p e w r ite r s

$2.32 $82. 20
2. 42 76.64
2.36 77. 61
2. 39 75. 27
2. 44 75. 08
2. 43 74.31
2. 42 75.66
2. 46 75.27
2.48 78.01
2.50 78. 41
2. 49 79. 20
2.48 70. 56
2.51 67.82
2. 52 70. 49
2. 50 72.93

R efrig era to rs a n d aircon d itio n in g u n its

41.0 $2.17 $86. 22
40. C 2.2 Í 87.25
2.22 84.26
40.0
40.3
2. 23 84. 48
2. 2i 86.41
40.1
40. Í
2. 2‘ 86.24
40.5
2. 2' 87. Ò4
40.0
2. 2: 88.48
39.5
2.23 89.93
41.0
2.28 86.9'
2. % 88.82
40.7
39.5
2. 25 91. 60
39.5
2.26 87.17
39.7
2. 2t 90. 52
39.1
2.261 85.43

B lo w e rs, exh au st a n d
ve n tila tin g fa n s

41. i
39.3
39.8
39.0
38.9
38,5
39.0
38.6
39.8
39.6
39.8
36.0
34.6
36.1
37.4

$2.07 $91.12
2.16 90.00
2.10 90. 54
2.14 89.47
2.15 90.50
2.19 90.85
2.14 90. 90
2.23 92.69
2.20 90. 46
2.20 88.46
2.19 90.23
2.21 89. 77
2. 21 88. 86
2.20 89. 32
2.19 90.48

»

41.7
40.3
41.1
40. t
40.7
40.5
40.5
40.5
40.3
39.!
40.5
39.7
39. '
39.5
39.3

41.8
40.0
40.6
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.4
40.3
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.2
38.3
38.5
39.0

40.3
39.5
38.6
38.8
39.3
39.5
39.4
40.1
39.7
38.7
39.2
39.6
38.4
39.4
38.0

42.9
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.1
40.4
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.1
40.0
39.4
38.4
39.0
38.7

40.6
39.5
36.7
38.7
39.4
40.0
39.1
42.1
41.8
37.9
36.7
38.6
38.3
39.0
37.5

41.4
39.8
39.7
39. S
39.5
39.8
39.6
39.5
39. 1
38.4
38. i
38.6
38.5
38.5
38.2

41.9
41.5
41.7
41.6
41.9
39.8
41.4
42.4
41.7
40.8
41.2
40.0
39.0
39.2
39.3

$2.17
2.28
2.24
2.23
2.26
2.28
2.28
2.35
2.35
2. 32
2.35
2.33
2.31
2.31
2.32

C o m m ercia l la u n d r y ,
d ry-clea n in g , and
p re ssin g m ach ines

$2.20 $81.34
2. 28 82. 62
2.20 81.76
2. 24 81.18
2. 24 79. 79
2. 24 86. 52
2. 25 83. 43
2.37 87.99
2.36 87. 57
2.32 86. 30
2. 28 85.06
2.3C 82. 59
2. 34 79.07
2. 29 80.39
2. 34 78.07

B a ll a n d roller
bearings

41.2 $2.16 $89.01
2. 25 89.15
40.5
40.5
2.2Í 87.34
40.2
2. 22 88. 36
40.5
2 . 2Í 88. 48
40. C 2. 2.' 89. 55
40.1
2. 24 88. 70
40.4
2 . 27 89.27
39.8
2.3( 88. 76
40.1
2.3’ 87.94
41.]
2. 32 88.0Í
39.9
2.32 87.62
39.2
2.32 87.78
39.2
2. 3: 88.17
39.0
2.32 87.48

M e ch a n ic a l stokers
a n d in d u stria l
fu rn a c es a n d ovens

$2.22 $90.92
2.30 94. 62
2.27 93. 41
2. 28 92. 77
2.29 94.69
2.30 90.74
2.29 94.39
2.31 99.64
2.32 98.00
2. 34 94. 66
2.34 96.82
2.34 93.20
2.35 90. 09
2. 34 90. 55
2.34 91.18

D o m e stic la u n d ry
e q u ip m e n t

$2.14 $89. 32
2.21 90.06
2. 18 80.74
2.18 86. 69
2.19 88.26
2,19 89.60
2. 21 87.98
2.23 99. 78
2. 27 98. 65
2. 25 87.93
2.24 83. 68
2.26 88. 78
2.25 89. 62
2.26 89.31
2. 25 87.75

F abricated p ip e , fittin g s, a n d valves

$2.15 $88.99
2. 24 91.12
2.21 90.32
2.22 89.2 4
2.25 90.32
2. 25 89.2C
2. 25 89.82
2.26 91.71
2.28 91. 54
2. 2! 92.63
2. 2£ 95. 35
2.28 92. 57
2. 2t 90. &
2.30 90.55
2. 30 90. 48

M e ch a n ic a l p o w ertra n sm issio n e q u ip ­
m en t

$2.18 $95.24
2.25 94.53
2 23 93.98
2. 22 93. 48
2.24 94.12
2.26 92. 92
2.25 93.89
2.30 94.71
2. 29 93.96
2.28 93. 83
2.29 93.60
2.29 92.20
2.32 90.24
2.32 91.26
2.32 90.56

Service-industry and
household machines 4

$2.00 $86. 24
1.95 87.30
1. 95 84.16
1.93 84. 58
1.93 86.. 07
1. 93 86. 51
1.94 87.07
1.95 89. 42
1.96 90.12
1.98 87.08
1.9Í 87. 81
1.96 89. 50
1.96 86. 40
1.95 89.04
1.95 85. 50

Miscellaneous machinery parts4

40.1 $2.15 $89. 66
39.3
2.22 91.3t
38.3
2.20 90.83
2. 2C 90. 8C
38. 4
2.21 91.63
39.1
2.20 91.13
39.2
2.23 91.13
39.3
39.5
2. 24 91.53
2. 3( 91.88
39.1
2. 27 91.37
38.3
2. 26 92. 75
39.3
40.0
2.2! 90.52
38. 4 2.27 90. 23
2. 28 90. 85
39.7
2. 26 90.3S
37.8

In d u s tria l tru ck s,
tra cto rs, etc.

41.5
40.7
41.5
41.0
39.5
42.0
40.5
41.9
41.7
40.9
40.7
39.9
38.2
38.1
37.0

$1.96
2.03
1.97
1.98
2.02
2.06
2.06
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.07
2.11
2.11

M a c h in e sh ops (job
a n d r e p a ir )

$2.15 $90. 31
2. 24 92. 74
2.20 92.60
2. 22 92. 57
2. 24 93.11
2.25 93.07
2.24 92.48
2.26 92.4i
2. 27 93.30
2. 29 92. U
2.27 93.02
2.27 91.03
2. 28 90. 74
2.29 91.60
2.29 91.77

42.2 $2.14
41.4
2. 24
41.9
2,21
2,22
41.7
41.2
2.26
41.0
2.27
41.1
2.25
2.26
40.9
2. 27
41.1
2.28
40.'!
2.28
40.8
2. 27
40.1
39.8
2.28
2.29
40.0
2.30
39. S

Electrical machinery
Total: Electrical
machinery
1956: Average___
1957: Average___
April.........
M ay_____
June.............
J u ly ..........
August___
September.,
October___
November December..
1958: J a n u ary....
F ebruary..
M arch.........
April...........

$80. 78
82. 80
83.02
82.21
83.02
81.39
82.81
83.21
81. 95
82.95
83. 35
82.89
83.07
83.67
83. 25

40.8
40.0
40.3
40.1
40.3
39.7
40.2
40.2
39.4
39.5
39.5
39.1
39.0
39.1
38.9

$1.98 $87.15
2.07 88. 70
2.06 87.89
2. 05 87. 67
2.06 89.13
2.05 88. 91
2.06 89.32
2.07 90.13
2.08 89. 20
2.10 90.00
2. 11 90.45
2.12 88.09
2.13 88.03
2.14 88. 65
2.14 87.81

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Electrical generating,
transmission, distri­
bution, and indus­
trial apparatus 4
41.5
40.5
40.5
40.4
40.7
40.6
40. 6
40.6
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.2

W ir in g devices a n d
s u p p lie s

$2.10 $76.11
2.19 76. 82
2.17 76. 24
2.17 76. 43
2.19 77.41
2.19 77.03
2.20 75. 46
2.22 76.83
2. 23 76. 44
2.25 78.21
2. 25 78. 21
2.23 77. 22
2.24 76. 03
2.25 77. 80
2.24 77.21

40.7
39.6
39.5
39.6
39.9
39.3
39.1
39.4
38.8
39.3
39.3
39.0
38.4
38.9
38.8

C arbon a n d g raphite
p ro d u c ts (electrical)

$1. 87 $84. 46
1.94 84.38
1.93 85.26
1.93 84. 40
1.94 84. 23
1.96 84. 77
1.93 85. 20
1.95 84.35
1.97 82. 68
1.99 84.71
1.99 82. 47
1.98 83. 50
1.98 82. 60
2.00 82.35
1.99 82.39

41.2
39.8
40.6
40.0
40.3
39.8
40.0
39.6
38.1
39.4
38.9
39.2
38.6
38.3
38.5

E lectrica l in d ica tin g ,
m ea su rin g , a n d re­
cording in s tr u m e n ts

$2.05 $80.16
2.12 81.61
2.10 81.20
2.11 81.20
2.09 83.03
2.13 81.81
2.13 81. 80
2.13 82. 61
2.17 82.00
2.15 83.02
2.12 81.58
2.13 80.96
2.14 81.12
2.15 82.32
2.14 82.29

40.9
40.2
40.0
40.2
40.9
40.3
40. 1
40.1
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.3
39.0
39.2
39.0

M o to r s , generators,
a n d m otor-generator
sets

$1.96 $90.86
2. 03 94.19
2.03 90.85
2. 02 91. 25
2.03 93. 79
2.03 94.48
2.04 95.76
2. 06 96.29
2. 05 97.03
2. 06 96. 56
2. 06 96. 63
2.06 93.06
2.08 94.09
2.10 93.85
2.11 92. 51

41.3
40.6
40.2
40.2
40.6
40.9
41.1
40.8
40.6
40.4
40.6
39.6
39.7
39.6
39.2

$2.20
2. 32
2.26
2. 27
2. 31
2.31
2.33
2.36
2.39
2.39
2. 38
2.35
2.37
2.37
2.36

C : EARNINGS AND HOURS

821

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Electrical machinery—Continued
P o w e r a n d d istrib u ­
tio n tra n sfo rm e rs

1856: Average...........
1957: Average.........

April________
M ay.................
J u n e ...............
July...................
A ugust______
September___
October............
November___
December____
1958: January_____
February____
March_______
A pril................

$92.62
93.15
93. 89
91.94
92.80
94.07
93. 43
92.92
91.25
92.34
92.50
90. 46
91.87
92.97
92.27

42.1
40 .5
41.0
40.5
40.7
40 .9
40 .8
40.4
39 .5
3 9 .8
39 .7
3 9 .5
3 9 .6
39 .9
39 .6

$ 2 .2 0 $ 9 0.30
9 2 .4 8
2 .3 0
2 .2 9
92.13
92.10
2. 27
2 .2 8
93.15
2.3 0
92.70
2. 29 93.11
94.39
2 .3 0
9 2 .52
2.31
2 .3 2
9 3 .03
2. 33 96.35
2. 29 92. 73
2 .3 2
91.94
92. 50
2 .3 3
2 .3 3
9 1 .64

Electric lamps

1956: Average...........
1957: Average............

April.................
M ay..................
June.................
July...................
August______
September___
October______
November___
December........
1958: January______
February.........
March_______
April________

$75.07
76. 81
76.19
74. 86
75.65
74.48
75.84
78.20
78.41
79.00
77. 21
78. 59
77.60
77.59
78.19

40.8
3 9 .8
40.1
39.4
39 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .5
39.9
3 9 .6
39 .5
38 .8
39.1
3 8 .8
38 .6
3 8 .9

Sw itch g ea r,
sw itc h ­
board, a n d in d u s ­
tria l controls
4 2 .0
41.1
41 .5
4 1 .3
41 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 1 .4
40 .4
40 .1
41 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .5

$ 2 .1 5 $101. 20
2 .2 5
96. 74
2 .2 2
97.44
2.2 3
98.18
99. 53
2.2 5
2 .2 5
91. 71
9 9 .1 2
2 .2 6
2 .2 8
95.91
9 4 .37
2 .2 9
2 .3 2
92.73
2.3 5
9 2 .17
2. 33 91.71
88.01
2.3 1
2 .3 3
86.48
2 .3 2
88.01

Communication
equipment 4

$1. 84 $75.95
1.9 3
78.41
79.19
1.90
79.00
1.9 0
79. 59
1.92
1.90
75.85
1.9 2
78.00
78.40
1.9 6
76.44
1.98
2 .0 0
77.22
1.99
78.40
7 9 .15
2.0 1
7 9 .95
2 .0 0
2.0 1
80.16
79.75
2.0 1

40 .4
3 9 .8
40.2
40.1
40 .4
39 .1
4 0 .0
40 .0
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
39 .2
3 8 .8
3 9 .0
39 .1
3 8 .9

E lectrica l w e ld in g
a p p a r a tu s

44 .0
41 .7
42.0
42 .5
42 .9
3 9 .7
4 2 .0
4 1 .7
40 .5
3 9 .8
39 .9
39 .7
38 .1
3 7 .6
38 .1

$ 2 .30 $80.60
2 .3 2
8 3 .10
2 .3 2
82.50
2.31
81.83
2.3 2
82.43
2.31
82.08
2 .3 6
82. 47
2 .3 0
83.10
2.3 3
83.74
8 3 .9 2
2 .3 3
2.31
84.63
2.3 1
83. 60
2.3 1
8 4 .42
2.3 0
83.44
2.31
81.97

R a d io s, ph o n o g ra p h s,
television sets, and
eq u ip m e n t

$ 1 .8 8 $72. 98
1 .9 7
75.83
1.97
76.61
76. 21
1.9 7
76. 97
1.97
1.9 4
75.24
1. 95 76.00
76.02
1.9 6
1.9 6
74.30
1 .9 8
75.08
76. 64
2.0 0
2 .0 4
77 .4 0
2 .0 5
78 .9 8
79.39
2 .0 5
2 .0 5
78. 78

40.1
3 9 .7
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
4 0 .3
3 9 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
39.1
3 8 .7
39.1
3 9 .3
3 9 .0

Electrical appliances

3 9 .9
3 9 .2
39.1
3 8 .6
38 .7
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
3 9 .2
3 9 .5
3 9 .4
39 .0
3 8 .0
3 8 .2
38 .1
3 7 .6

39.1
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
38 .8
3 9 .5
37 .7
40 .1
40.1
3 8 .6
3 7 .8
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .2
3 8 .0
3 8 .3

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____

April................
M a y ...............
June_________
July-------------August.............
September___
October______
N ovem ber___
December........
1958: January—........
February____
March_______
April.................

$87.12
90.27
86.94
86.94
89.42
87.86
92. 25
93.94
94.35
91.03
89.44
88. 53
87. 48
89.86
89.32

40 .9
40 .3
39.7
39.7
40.1
39 .4
4 1 .0
41 .2
41 .2
40.1
39 .4
39 .0
38 .2
38 .9
38.5

$ 2 .13 $64.48
2 .2 4
6 8 .23
2 .1 9
70.18
2 .1 9
70.11
2 .2 3
6 7 .43
66. 59
2.2 3
6 7 .66
2 .2 5
67. 49
2 .2 8
67.82
2 .2 9
6 7 .6 4
2 .2 7
2 .2 7
68.63
69.03
2. 27
2. 29
69.83
2.3 1
6 9 .48
2 .3 2
71.15

T ru c k a n d bus bodies
1956: Average_____
1957: Average...........

$81.41
84.35
April................. 85.86
M ay________
83.37
June_________ 83.35
July................... 84.80
August............. 87.26
85.79
September___
82.94
October.-........
83.81
N ovem ber___
December____ 86. 33
1958: January_____
86.80
85.02
February____
March_______ 86.11
85.02
April___ ____

40.3
39 .6
40.5
39 .7
39.5
40.0
40 .4
39 .9
38.4
3 8 .8
39.6
4 0 .0
39 .0
39.5
39.0

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

P r im a r y batteries
(d ry a n d w et)
39 .8
3 9 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
3 9 .9
39 .4
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .2
39.1
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
40 .2

T ra ile rs (tru ck and
au to m o b ile )

$ 2 .0 2 $82.80
8 0 .75
2.1 3
80.94
2.1 2
2 .1 0
79. 93
2.11
83.01
2.12
8 0 .32
83. 42
2 .1 6
8 5 .28
2 .1 5
85. 68
2 .1 6
2 .1 6
76. 47
81.09
2 .1 8
2 .1 7
77. 96
2 .1 8
77.17
2 .1 8
80. 81
82.14
2 .1 8

40 .0
3 9 .2
39.1
38 .8
40.1
3 8 .8
4 0 .3
4 1 .0
40 .8
37 .3
3 8 .8
3 7 .3
37 .1
3 8 .3
3 9 .3

X - r a y a n d n onradio
electronic tu le s

$1.62 $87.53
89.20
1.71
1.72
88.00
88.26
1.71
1.6 9
89.06
1 .6 9
92 .4 8
1 .7 0
90 .6 8
89.60
1.70
90.97
1.73
92.11
1 .7 3
1.72
9 1 .76
1.7 3
91.71
1.75
90. 57
1.75
91.60
92.11
1.77

$ 1 .9 7 $ 8 4.42
2.0 5
8 6 .07
83.85
2 .0 3
2. 04
83.03
2 .0 4
85.58
8 5 .58
2 .0 5
86. 46
2 .0 7
87.91
2 .0 5
2 .0 5
8 6 .58
8 6 .5 2
2 .0 7
2. 04
86. 52
8 6 .02
2 .0 5
2 .0 4
85. 50
2 .0 4
86.18
8 4 .44
2 .0 3

$ 1 .7 2 $ 9 5.24
9 4 .16
1.81
97. 75
1.7 9
95.49
1.80
94.81
1.8 2
85.91
1.8 0
1 .8 2
9 1 .03
91 .7 6
1.86
90 .1 2
1.8 6
9 3 .38
1 .8 5
92.75
1.8 6
92.27
1.8 6
92.04
1.87
91.80
1.8 7
1 .8 8
92. 59

42 .9
4 1 .3
42.6
4 1 .7
4 1 .4
3 8 .7
40 .1
4 0 .6
3 9 .7
4 0 .6
40 .5
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .4
3 9 .4

4 0 .2
3 9 .3
39 .0
38 .8
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .0
3 8 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 8 .0
3 7 .8
3 7 .2

$ 2 .1 0
2 .1 9
2.1 5
2.1 4
2 .2 0
2 .2 0
2 .2 0
2 .2 2
2 .2 2
2 .2 3
2 .2 3
2 .2 4
2 .2 5
2. 28
2 .2 7

Miscellaneous elec­
trical products4

T eleph on e, telegraph,
a n d related e q u ip ­
m en t

40 .9
40 .0
40.0
40 .3
40 .3
41.1
4 0 .3
40 .0
39 .9
4 0 .4
40 .6
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
40 .0
4 0 .4

Total: Transporta­
tion equipment

$2.14 $94. 71
98.01
2 .2 3
2.2 0
96.22
94. 56
2.1 9
2.21
96.24
2. 25 95.20
2. 25 97. 69
97.66
2 .2 4
97. 57
2 .2 8
2 .2 8 101.75
2. 26 99.70
2. 27 9 5 .45
2 .2 7
9 5 .20
2. 29 97.32
2 .2 8
97.32

Aircraft and parts 4

$2.07 $95.99
97.00
2 .0 6
99.12
2.0 7
9 4 .60
2.0 6
9
5 .00
2.0 7
94.94
2.07
2. 07
9 6 .15
2.0 8
95.68
2 10 95. 84
2.0 5
96. 40
99.06
2 .0 9
2 .0 9
98. 90
2 .0 8
98.17
2.1 1
99.06
2.0 9
98.58

4 2 .8
4 1 .5
42.1
42 .4
4 2 .2
4 1 .3
4 1 .3
42 .1
41 .1
4 0 .6
40 .8
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .4
40 .1

Electrical equipment
for vehicles

$ 2 .2 2 $ 7 8.34
81.61
2 .2 8
80.79
2.3 0
2 .2 9
80 .2 0
2 .2 9
8 0 .8 0
2 .2 2
8 0 .6 0
82. 21
2.2 7
2. 26 8 3 .23
8 3 .22
2 .2 7
8 2 .8 2
2 .3 0
2 .2 9
82.80
82 .5 9
2 .3 3
2 .3 3
8 1 .95
82. 76
2 .3 3
82. 56
2 .3 5

40 .8
4 0 .4
40 .6
40 .3
40 .4
40 .3
40 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .6
3 9 .5

$ 1 .9 2
2 .0 2
1.99
1.99
2.0 0
2 .0 6
2 .0 2
2 .0 4
2 .0 6
2 .0 5
2.0 7
2 .0 7
2 .0 8
2 .0 9
2 .0 9

Transportation equipment

Electrical machinery—Continued
S torage batteries

$ 2 .0 2 $84.32
2 .1 2
85 .0 8
85.46
2.1 1
2 .1 2
8 6 .50
8 6 .09
2 .1 3
2.11
84.67
2 .1 2
85. 49
86.31
2 .1 2
2 .1 2
8 4 .26
8 4 .04
2 .1 3
2.1 7
8 3 .23
2 .2 0
8 1 .80
2.2 1
8 1 .60
82. 42
2 .1 9
81.40
2 .1 8

R a d io tubes

$ 1 .8 2 $67.25
70.41
1.91
69.63
1.92
69.84
1.91
71.89
1.91
1.90
67.86
72. 98
1.90
74.59
1.91
71.80
1.91
6 9 .93
1 .9 3
71.24
1.96
2 .0 0
71.61
2 .0 2
7 1 .43
2 .0 2
71.06
2. 02 72.00

Insulated wire and
cable

42.1
41 .1
42.0
40 .6
40.6
40 .4
40 .4
40 .2
40.1
40 .0
40 6
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
40 .6
40 .4

$ 2 .28 $94.89
2.3 6
9 5 .65
2.3 6
97. 76
2.3 3
9 2 .80
2 .3 4
92.97
2.3 5
93.13
95.04
2 .3 8
2 .3 8
9 4 .80
2 .3 9
9 5 .20
2.41
95. 52
2.4 4
97. 53
2. 43 98 .4 9
2. 43 97 .5 3
2. 44 98.42
2. 44 97. 93

41.0
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
39 .9
40.1
3 9 .5
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
3 8 .8
38 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .4

$2.31 $94.71
2 .4 2
99 .5 4
2.3 7
94.17
2. 37 93.84
2 .4 0
97.42
2.41
94.71
2 .4 3
98 .8 0
99. 43
2 .4 6
2. 47 99. 31
2. 50 108.62
2.4 8 100. 90
2 .4 6
9 2 .50
2. 46 92. 38
2. 47
95.75
96.25
2.4 7

40 .3
4 0 .3
3 9 .4
39.1
3 9 .6
38 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .3
39 .1
42 .1
4 0 .2
3 7 .3
3 7 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .5

$ 2 .3 5
2 .4 7
2 .3 9
2. 40
2.4 6
2 .4 6
2 .4 7
2 .5 3
2. 54
2 .5 8
2. 51
2 .4 8
2 .4 7
2 .5 0
2.5 0

A ir c r a f t engines and
p a r ts

A ir c ra ft
41.8
40 .7
41 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
40 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
40 .3

Motor vehicles and
equipm ent4*

$2.27
2 .3 5
2. 35
2 .3 2
2 .3 3
2. 34
2. 37
2 .3 7
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .4 2
2. 42
2 .4 2
2. 43
2 .4 3

$96.67
98.47
100.25
9 5 .06
96. 76
96.29
9 6 .1 6
95.11
96.78
97.17
100.65
9 9 .00
9 9 .75
100.90
99.75

42.4
41 .2
42.3
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
3 9 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
40.1
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
40 .2
3 9 .9

M o to r vehicles, bodies,
p a r ts , a n d accessories
$96.15
101.00
95.11
95.01
98.60
96.00
100.15
100.74
100.49
110.66
102.11
9 3 .37
93 .2 5
97 .2 8
97.15

40 .4
4 0 .4
3 9 .3
39.1
3 9 .6
3 8 .4
3 9 .9
3 9 .2
39 .1
4 2 .4
4 0 .2
3 7 .2
3 7 .3
3 8 .3
3 8 .4

$2 .3 8
2 .5 0
2 .4 2
2. 43
2 .4 9
2.5 0
2. 51
2.5 7
2.5 7
2.6 1
2 .5 4
2. 51
2. 50
2. 54
2. 53

A ir c r a f t p ro p e lle rs
a n d p a rts

$2.28 $96.93
98.23
2 .3 9
2.37 102. 58
2.3 3
97.76
96.12
2 .3 6
9 5 .88
2.3 6
2.4 1
98. 29
2 .4 2
97.23
98.77
2 .4 5
98.77
2 .4 6
2.51 101.76
2. 50 97. 58
9 8 .36
2 .5 0
94.71
2.5 1
9 5 .99
2.5 0

42 .7
4 1 .8
43.1
4 1 .6
40 .9
40 .8
41 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .5
4 1 .5
4 2 .4
4 1 .0
4 1 .5
40 .3
4 0 .5

$2.27
2 .3 5
2 .3 8
2.3 5
2.3 5
2.35
2.38
2 . 3e
2.3 8
2 .3 8
2 .4 0
2 .3 8
2 .3 7
2 .3 5
2 .3 7

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958
T able

C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees L—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings
ings
ings
1
1
M anufacturing—Continued

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Year and month
Transportation equipm ent--Continued
Other aircraft parts
and equipment
1956: Average_____
1957: A v erag e..___
April__ ___
M ay________
J u n e ______
July
_____
August______
September___
October_____
November
D ecem ber.__
1958: January.. _ .
February____
March A ___
April____ . . .

$98.24
99.54
101.24
99.17
100.06
99.30
99. 07
99.84
97.75
98.09
100. 67
100. 43
99.63
100.53
100.28

42.9
42.0
42.9
42.2
42.4
41.9
41.8
41.6
40.9
40.7
41.6
41.5
41.0
41.2
41.1

$2.29
2.37
2. 36
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.37
2.40
2. 39
2.41
2.42
2.42
2. 43
2. 44
2.44

Ship and boat building and repairing 4
$89.10
94. 80
94.87
96.32
96.15
97.20
97.28
96. 53
95. 55
90.15
94.77
93.90
91.99
96.78
95.69

39.6
39.5
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.4
39.0
37.1
39.0
38.8
37.7
39.5
38.9

Shipbuilding and
repairing

$2. 25 $92.27
2.40 97.17
2.36 97.60
2.39 98.65
2.38 98. 98
2.40 99.23
2. 42 99.29
2. 45 98. 50
2.45 97. 50
2.43 91.88
2. 43 97.11
2. 42 96. 61
2.44 94. 38
2.45 99.04
2.46 97.78

39.6
39.5
40.0
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.4
39.0
36.9
39.0
38.8
37.6
39.3
38.8

$2.33 $73.57
2.46 77.01
2. 44 77.93
2.46 80.03
2. 45 78.72
2. 45 79. 59
2.47 77.82
2. 50 77.82
2. 50 77. 41
2. 49 75.25
2.49 77.22
2.49 76.83
2.51 74. 50
2.52 79. 39
2.52 78.01

1956: Average____
1957: A v erag e.___
April..
M ay__
__
June . . ___
July___ _____
August.. ___
September. . .
October. ___
November . .
December. ..
1958: January..
February____
March _. __
April_______

$91.95
100. 95
99. 60
99.10
97.96
100.30
99.29
102. 56
98. 43
103. 36
105.07
102. 97
100. 75
103. 21
102. 76

38.8
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.5
39.8
39.4
39.6
38.3
39.6
39.8
39.3
38.6
38.8
38.2

Other transportation Total Instruments
and related products
equipment

$2. 37 $77. 59
2.53 79. 79
2.49 79.40
2.49 81.20
2.48 81.40
2. 52 79.37
2.52 82. 21
2. 59 82. 82
2.57 81.18
2.61 77. 29
2. 64 77.46
2.62 81.12
2.61 82.56
2.66 82. 58
2.69 82.76

40.2
39.5
40.1
40.4
40.1
39.1
40.1
40.6
39.6
37.7
37.6
39.0
39.5
39.7
39.6

40.2
39.9
40.8
41.9
41.0
40.4
39.5
39.5
38.9
38.2
39.2
39.2
38.4
40.3
39.6

$1.83
1.93
1.91
1.91
1.92
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.99
1.97
1.97
1.96
1.94
1.97
1.97

$1.93 $82.01
2.02 85.24
1.98 85.26
2.01 84. 42
2.03 85. 46
2.03 84.61
2.05 84.00
2.04 86.46
2.05 85.39
2.05 85.60
2.06 85. 57
2. 08 85. 54
2.09 84.89
2.08 85. 50
2.09 86.11

40.8
40.4
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.1
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5

$2.01
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.10
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.18

Laboratory, seientifie, and engineering instruments
$94.95
97.11
97. 34
93.03
96.05
95.04
94.09
96. 72
95.68
98.25
100.28
100.45
96. 56
99.95
100. 94

42.2
41.0
41.6
40.1
40.7
40.1
39.7
40.3
39.7
40.6
41.1
41.0
39.9
40.1
40.7

1956: Average_____
April________
M ay________
June__ ____
J u l y . . . _____
August____
September___
October_____
November___
December. ..
1958: January . . . .
F e b ru ary ___
M arch. _ __
April_______

$71. 51
74.37
73.38
74.15
75.30
74.00
74. 59
75.92
76.17
75. 05
75. 81
75.43
74. 28
74. 87
74. 67

40.4
40.2
40.1
40.3
40.7
40.0
40.1
40.6
40.3
39.5
39.9
39.7
39.3
39.2
39.3

Ophthalmic goods t

$1.77 $64. 48
1.85 67.09
1.83 67.54
1.84 67.77
1.85 67. 54
1.85 67.83
1.86 68.40
1.87 69.08
1.89 67.49
1.90 65.63
1.90 64.30
1.90 69.16
1.89 69. 91
1.91 70.10
1.90 67.88

Jewelry and findings

Photographic apparatus

$1.60 $91.46
1.69 95.0C
1.68 93. 84
1.69 94.02
1. 68 94.71
1.70 94.02
1.71 92.75
1.71 97.20
1.70 95.76
1.67 97. 2(
1.71 96. 96
1.82 96.08
1.8Í 96.0(
1. 8' 96.4C
1.81 96.40

Silverware and plated
ware

41.6 $1.66 $83.38
1956: A v erag e.___ $69.06
70.24
40.6
1.73 84. 87
1957: A v erag e.___
68. 68
39.7
1.73 84.23
April..
.
69.6C 40.0
1.74 80.20
M ay_______
40.5
70.88
1.75 80. 20
June__ . .
67.49
39.7
1.7C 81.20
July_______
1.74 85.90
70.47
40.
August ___
1.74 89.67
41.6
September___ 72.38
1.7' 88. 4:
40.8
70. 99
October___
40.
1.76 86. 94
November___ 71.28
41.6
73. 61
1.77 83. 6'
December.. .
1.76 79. 50
70.0£
39.8
1958: January____
70.40
40. C 1.76 79. 70
February___
1.76 81. If
69.7C 39.6
M arch_____
70.09
39.6
1.77 81.95
April---------See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

40.3
39.7
40.2
40.1
40.2
39.9
40.0
40.4
39.7
39. Í
37.6
38.0
38.2
38.1
37.5

$94.56
101.30
100. 44
98.55
99.10
100.80
99. 79
103. 86
99.46
102. 56
104. 67
102.18
100.10
102.96
102.80

39.9
40.2
40.5
39.9
39.8
40.0
39.6
40.1
38.7
39.6
39.8
39.3
38.5
39.0
38.5

$2. 37
2.52
2. 48
2.47
2.49
2. 52
2. 52
2.59
2. 57
2. 59
2. 63
2.60
2.60
2.64
2. 67

Locomotives and
pans
$99.17
102. 25
102.48
97.28
102. 47
102. 56
103.22
107.38
102. 94
100.73
103. 48
100.10
98. 81
102.96
102. 44

42.2 $2.35
2.50
40.9
2.44
42.0
40.2
2. 42
40. 5 2. 53
40.7
2. 52
40.8
2. 53
2.60
41.3
2. 58
39.9
29. 5 2.55
2.60
39.8
2. 56
39.1
38. 3 2. 68
2. 60
39.6
39.4
2.60

41.9 $1.99 $80. 54
41.'
2.05 82.62
2.02 83.4'
41.7
40.1
2.00 82. 42
40.1
2.00 82.00
40.4
2.0: 73.5;
2.00 81.80
41.7
2.10 84.87
42.7
42.1
2.0! 85.7(
42. C 2.07 84.87
40.8
2.05 84.40
39.'
2.02 89. li
39.1
2.0' 79. 95
39.
2.05 82. 40
2.08 81.33
39.4

41.3 $1.95
40.;
2.05
40.7
2.05
40.'
2.0'
40.0
2.05
2.02
36.'
2.0'
40.:
41. C 2.07
41.2
2. Of
41. C 2.07
41. C 2 . o e
38. £ 2. OO
39. C 2. 05
40. C 2.0(
2. Of
39.1

41.0
40.6
41.1
40.7
40.7
40.1
40.4
49.4
40.3
40.0
39.8
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.2

Optical instruments
and lenses

$2.04 $83.03
2.13 85. 63
2.13 85. 05
2.13 85.41
2.13 85.84
2.12 85.84
2.12 84.38
2.15 86.24
2.15 86.00
2.15 85.63
2.15 84.77
2.15 82.86
2.15 82.82
2.16 84.32
2.16 84. 71

40.5
40.2
40.5
40.1
40.3
40.3
39.8
40.3
40.0
40.2
39.8
38.9
38.7
39.4
39.4

$2.05
2.13
2.10
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.12
2.14
2.15
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.15

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

Watches and clocks

41.2 $2. 22 $70. 77
2. 31 72.31
40.6
40.8
2.30 70.10
40.7
2.31 7I . 2;
41. C 2.31 72.15
2. 31 69.66
40.7
2. 29 71.97
40.5
40.5
2.40 75. 36
39.9
2.40 73.10
2. 4( 73.66
40.5
40. '
2. 4( 72.18
40.2
2. 39 70.87
2. 4( 72.00
40. f
40. (
2. 41 72. 76
40.0
2. 41 73. 51

Musical instruments
and parts

Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments

$2.25 $83.64
2.37 86. 48
2.34 87. 54
2.32 86.69
2. 36 86. 69
2.37 85.01
2.37 85.65
2.40 86.86
2.41 86. 65
2. 42 86.00
2.44 85. 57
2. 45 84. 93
2.42 84. 50
2.47 84. 89
2.48 84.67

Instruments and related products—Continued
Surgical, m edical,
and dental instruments

Railroad equipm ent4

Instruments and related products

Transportation equipment--Continued
Railroad and street
cars

Boatbuilding and
repairing

39.1
39.1
38.1
38.5
39.0
38.7
38.9
40.3
39.3
39.6
38.6
38.1
38.5
38.7
39.1

$1.81 $70. 53
1.85 72. 4f
1.84 72. 22
1.85 72.04
1.85 71.82
1.80 71.50
1.85 72.00
1.87 72.94
1.86 72.40
1.86 72. 25
1.87 72. 65
1.86 72.71
1.87 72.15
1.88 72. 52
1.88 72.15

Toys and sporting
goods 4 5
$62. 50
65. 52
66. 59
65. 7'
64. 90
63. 58
65.80
65. 97
65.90
66.25
65.11
66. 6'
66.6f
67. 72
66.29

Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing industries

40.3 $1.75 $74. 23
40. C 1.81 75. 26
39.9
1.81 73.93
39.8
1.81 73.20
39.9
1.80 74. 34
1.81 72. 22
39.5
1.80 75. 67
40.0
1.81 78.12
40.3
1.81 76. 41
40.0
1.82 76. 26
39.7
39.7
1.83 76. 82
39.3
1.85 73.05
39.0
1.85 73. 45
39.2
1.85 73. 26
39.0
1.85 73.87

Games, toys, dolls, and
children’s vehicles

39.1 $1.60 $61. 85
39. (
1.6Í 63.6;
39.'
1.6Í 63.80
1.6S 63.36
38. Í
38. S 1.67 62. 53
38.:
1.66 61. 5(
39.2
1.68 64.62
1.67 64. 55
39.5
1.66 64.3:
39.7
39.2
1.69 65.01
38.;
1.70 62. 42
38.;
1.7' 64. 8:
38.1
1.75 65.02
38.7
1.75 65. 84
1.74 64.20
38.1

Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware 4

38.9
38.8
38.9
38.6
38.0
38.2
39.4
39.0
39.7
39.4
37.0
37.9
37.8
38.5
37.8

41.7
40.9
40.4
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.9
42.0
41.3
41.0
41.3
39.7
39.7
39.6
39.5

$1.78
1.84
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.81
1.85
1.86
1.85
1.86
1.86
1.84
1.85
1.85
1.87

Sporting and athletic
goods

$1.59 $63.99
1.64 69. 52
1.64 70.98
1.65 69.17
1.62 69. 34
1.61 67.94
1.64 68.11
1. 69 68. 78
1.62 69. 65
1.65 68. 29
1.60 69.74
1.71 68. 89
1.72 69.3C
1.71 70.2f
1. 7C 69. 4f

39.5
39.5
40.1
39.;
39.1
38.0
38.7
39.S
39.8
38.8
39.
38.38.5
39.
38.0

$1.62
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.80
1.80
1.80

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

823

T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. w kly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings
Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. Wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Transportation ana pumic utilities

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries— Continued

Pens, pencils other
Oostume^ewelry,
Fabricated plastic
Other manufacturing
Class I railroads 8
Local railways
office supplies
buttons, notions
products
Industries
buslines
1958: Average_____ $66. 58
41 1 $1.62 $62 49
39.3 $1.59 $75.35
41.4 $1.82 $74. 37
$1.85
40. 2
$S8. 40
41 7 $2.12 $34. 48
43.1
1957: Average_____
67.64
40 5
1.67 65.24
39.3
1 66 78.31
41.0
1.91 74. 82
39.8
1.88 94. 47
41.8
2.26 88.56
43 2
40. 5
1.66 64.19
38.9
1.65 76.92
40.7
1.89 74. 82
April-................ 67 23
39.8
1.88 92 82
42.0
2. 21 87.29
43.0
M a y ................ 68. 88
41.0
1.68 64. 57
38.9
1.66 76. 36
40.4
1.89 75. 01
39.9
1.88 94. 55
42.4
2.23 88. 71
43.7
June.............. .
68.64
41.1
1.67 63. 41
38.9
1.63 78.12
40.9
1.91 75. 39
40.1
1.88 93.07
41.0
2. 27 89.96
44.1
July..................
65.86
39.2
1.68 64.35
39.0
1.65 80.10
41.5
1.93 75.05
39.5
1.90 95.63
42.5
2.25 90.02
43.7
August______
66. 50
40.3
1. 65 64. 12
39.1
1. 64 78. 47
41. 3
1.90 74. 82
39.8
1.88 95. 60
42.3
2. 26 89. 40
43.4
September___
66. 80
40.0
1. 67 66.17
40.1
1.65 79.10
41.2
1.92 74.82
39.8
1.88 93. 71
41.1
2.28 90.05
43.5
October______ 67.09
39.7
1.69 66. 76
39.5
1. 69 78. 53
40.9
1.92 73.30
39.2
1.87 94.95
42.2
2.25 89.01
43.0
November___
69. 19
40.7
1.70 67.42
39 2
1.72 76. 97
40. 3
1.91 73.12
39.1
40.9
2.40 88. 80
1.87 98 16
42.9
December____ 66.08
39.1
1.69 64.57
38.9
1.66 78. 74
40.8
1.93 74.86
39.4
2.40 89.65
1.90 97.92
40.8
43.1
1958: January_____
67. 43
39.9
1.69 63.74
38.4
1.66 76. 80
1.92 76.83
40.0
39.4
1.95 99.01
41.6
2.38 88. 61
42.6
February____
66.25
39.2
1.69 63.14
38.5
1.64 75. 65
39.4
1.92 75.85
39.1
1. 94 101.26
2.
44 88.83
41.5
42.5
March_______ 68. 85
39.8
1.73 63. 36
38.4
1.65 75.84
39.5
1.92 75.85
39.3
1.93 96.24
40.1
2.40 89.03
42.6
April________
68.06
39.8
1.71 64.01
38.1
1.68 75.84
39.5
1.92 75. 26
39.2
1.92 ___
90. 09
42.9
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone 7

Sw itch board op era tin g
em p lo yees

1953: Average____ _ $73.47
1957: Average_____ 76.05
April________ 74.69
M ay................ 75.66
Ju n e................ 76.44
July................. 76.63
August............ 75. 47
September___ 75.66
October........... 77.22
November___ 79.20
December.___ 77. 59
1958: January_____ 76.38
February........ 76.78
M arch. I ____
76.36
April................ 76.15

39.5 $1.86 $60.70
37.7 $1.61
39.2
1.94 63 21
37.4
1.69
38.7
36.2
1.93 60. 45
1.67
39.0
1.94 63.27
37.0
1.71
39.2
1.95 63. 21
37.4
1.69
39.5
1.94 64.05
37.9
1.69
38.9
1.94 62.50
37.2
1.68
38.8
1.95 62.87
37.2
1.69
39.2
1.97 63.41
37.3
1.70
40.0
1.98 66.86
39.1
1.71
38.6
2.01 62.11
35.9
1.73
38.0
2.01 61.07
35.3
1. 73
38.2
2.01 63.16
36.3
1. 74
37.8
2. 02 61.25
35.2
1.74
37.7
2. 02 61.60
35.4
1.74
Transportation and publio utilities—Con.

43.5
42.7
43.0
42.7
43.0
43.0
42.4
41.9
42.8
43 0
42.6
41. 5
41.2
41.2
41.0

40.9
40 7
40.2
40 2
40. 1
40.5
40.4
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.3
40.7
41.4
40.5
40.2

Total: Qas and elec­
tric utilities

42.0 $1.97 $91.46
41.2
41.0
41.8
2.09 95. 63
41.4
2. 08 94.07
40.9
42.5
2.10 93. 61
40.7
42.2
40.9
2.10 95.30
42.2
41.2
2.10 96. 41
41.9
2.10 95. 94
41.0
41.9
2.10 96.93
40.9
41.5
2.10 97. 58
41.0
41.0
2.09 97.99
41.0
40.9
2.10 98.88
41.2
41.1
2.09 97. 75
40.9
41.0
2.10 98. 81
4.10
41.2
2.10 97. 77
40.4
2.11 98.90
41.4
40.7
Wholesale and retail trade

37,5
36.7
36.7
36 7
37.1
37.9
37 7
36.7
36.1
36 0
36.1
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.7

See footnotes at end of table.

469631— 58------------8


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

41.6
41.3
41.3
41.1
41.6
41.7
41.3
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.9
41.0

$2. 25
2. 30
2. 32
2.33
2.37
2.36
2.37
2.39
2.40
2.41
2. 42
2.42
2. 43
2.44
2.45

Retail trade

$2. 11
2 23
2. 17
2.19
2.23
2. 24
2. 23
2. 26
2. 27
2. 28
2. 29
2. 28
2.32
2. 30
2.29

Retail trade (except General merchandise Department
stores
Electric light and gas
eating and drink­
stores
and general mail­
utilities combined
ing places)
order houses
$92. 89
41. 1 $2.26 $81.20
40.4 $2.01 $60.60
35.0 $1.24 $48. 77
38.6 $1. 57 $43.40
35.6 $1. 37
97. 10
40.8
2. 38 84 42
40.2
2. K 62.87
38. 1
1.65 44.85
1.3C 50 75
34.5
35.0
1.45
96. 52
40.9
2.36 82. 8C
40. C 2.07 61.6C
38.0
1.62 44.38
34.4
1.29 49 76
34.8
1.43
95.18
40.5
2. 35 83. 81
40.1
2.09 62. 32
1.64 44. 54
38.0
34.0
1.31 50.32
34.7
1.45
96.05
40.7
2.36 84.82
40.2
2.11 63.41
38.2
1.66 45. 75
34.4
1.33 51.30
34.9
1.47
97. 58
41.0
2. 38 85.65
40.4
2.12 64.46
38.6
1.67 45.67
34.6
1.32 51.01
34.7
1.47
97. 99
41.0
2. 39 85. 24
40.4
2.11 64.63
38.7
1.67 45.72
34.9
1.31 50. 95
34.9
1.46
98. 98
40.9
2. 42 86.05
40.4
2.13 64. 01
38.1
1.68 44.80
34.2
1.31 50. 66
34.7
1.46
99.80
40.9
2.44 85.63
40.2
2.13 62. 79
37.6
1. 67 44. 48
33. 7
1.32 49. 93
34.2
1.46
99.80
40.9
2. 44 85. 60
2 14 62.25
40. 0
37.5
1.66 44.15
33.7
1.31 49. 39
34.3
1.44
100.86
41.0
2.46 86.46
40.4
2.14 62.43
38.3
1.63 46.08
36.0
1.28 52.54
37.0
1.42
100. 21
40.9
2. 45 85.41
40.1
2.13 63. 88
1.69 45. 77
37. 8
33.9
1.35 50. 57
34.4
1.47
100. 86
41.0
2. 46 85.79
39.9
2.15 63. 50
37.8
1.68 45. 35
34.1
34.6:
1.33 50.52
1.46
98.85
39.7
2. 49 85. 57
39.8
2.15 63.13
37.8
1.67 45. 62
34.3
1.33 51.10
35.01 1.46
102. 56
40.7
2.52 85. 54
39.6
2.16 63. 50
37.8
1.68 45.83
34.2
1.34 51.65
34.9
1.48
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Avg. wkly, earnings

Automotive and aocessories dealers
$63.38
64. 96
63.86
64.59
65. 67
67. 46
67.11
66.06
65.34
65. 52
65.34
65.70
65. 51
65.51
66.05

Electric light and
power utilities

$2.22 $93.38
2.33 97.06
2.30 95.82
2. 30 95. 76
2.33 98.59
2. 34 98.41
2.34 97.88
2.37 98.47
2.38 98.64
2. 39 99.29
2.40 99.95
2. 39 98.98
2. 41 99.14
2.42 99. 80
2.43 100. 45

Finance, insurance,
and real estate8

Retail trade—Continued

1958: Average____
1957: Average____
April..............
M ay........ ......
June..............
July— .......... .
August_____
Septem ber...
October____
N ovem ber...
December__
1958: January____
February___
March_____
April_______

$1.96
2. 05
2.03
2.03
2. 04
2.06
2. 06
2.07
2.07
2. 07
2.08
2.08
2. 09
2. 09
2.10

Wholesale trade

Qas utilities
$86. 3C
90. 76
87.23
88. 04
89. 42
90. 72
90.09
91.76
93. 07
93. 25
94. 58
92.80
96. 05
93.15
92.06

Telegraph

$2.33 $82. 74
2.40 87.36
2. 37 86.11
2.38 89. 25
2.40 88. 62
2.41 88.62
2. 40 87.99
2. 42 87.99
2. 43 87.15
2. 44 85.69
2. 47 85. 89
2. 46 85.90
2.47 86.10
2.48 86.52
2.48 87. 35

Other public utilities—Continued

1958: Average____
1957: Average____
April.........
M a y .......... .
June_______
J u ly ..............
August____
Septem ber..
October____
N ovem ber..
D ecem ber...
1958: January........
February___
March_____
A p r il...........

and

Other public utilities

L in e c o n stru ctio n , i n ­
sta lla tio n , a n d m a in ­
tenance e m p lo y e e s 8

$101.36
102. 48
101.01
101. 63
103.20
103.63
101. 76
101. 40
104.00
104.92
105. 22
102.09
101. 76
102.18
101.68

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

$1.69 $81. 28
1.77 83. 66
1.74 83 22
1.76 84.48
1.77 85.17
1. 78 84. 73
1. 78 84. 73
1.80 84.10
1.81 82.84
1 82 82. 65
1.81 82.16
1.83 82. 34
1.83 80.54
1.83 81.28
1.85 81.91

43.7
43 8
43 8
44.0
43.9
43.9
43.9
43.8
43.6
43.5
43.7
43.8
43.3
43.7
43.8

Apparel and accèssories stores

$1.86 $47. 54
1.91 49.27
1.90 47.74
1.92 48. 56
1.94 50.05
1.93 50. 77
1.93 49. 77
1.92 49.82
1.90 49.30
1.90 49.25
1.88 50.62
1.88 50. 81
1.86 49.91
1. 86 49.19
1.87 49.74

34.7
34.7
34.1
34.2
35.0
35.5
35.3
34.6
34.0
34 2
35.4
34.8
34.9
34.4
34.3

$1. 37
1. 42
l. 40
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.41
1.44
1.45
1.44
1.43
1.46
1.43
1.43
1.45

Other retail trade
Furniture and appliLumber and bardance stores
ware supply stores
$69. 30
42.0 $1.65 $72.68
42.5 $1. 71
71.06
1 70 74.52
41.8
42.1
1.77
41 8
69.81
1.67 73. 85
42.2
1.75
71.06
41.8
1.70 75. 23
42.5
1.77
71.65
41.9
1. 71 75. 65
42.5
1. 78
71.14
41.6
1.71 76.01
42.7
1.78
72. 41
42.1
1.72 76.01
42.7
1. 78
1.72 76. 32
71.90
41.8
42.4
1.80
1.72 75.90
71.72
41.7
42.4
1.79
71.65
1.71 74.46
41.9
1.79
41.6
74.12
1.74 74.40
42.6
41.8
1.78
71.72
1.72 73.93
41.7
1.79
41.3
69.47
41.6
1.67 73.03
40.8
1.79
68.89
41.5
41.3
1.66 74.34
1.80
68.81
41.7
1.65 75.30
41.6
1.81

Banks Secu- Insurand
rity
trust dealers car­
comriers
panics changes
$61. 97 $97. 56 $77.50
64 27
98. 67 80. 89
63. 78
97. 45 80.32
63. 67 101. 21 80. 47
63 80 100.13 80. 95
64. 52 101. 44 81.33
64. 31
96. 84 81.43
64. 48
95. 44 81.13
64.74
97. 70 80. 77
64.64
98.99 81.02
65.15
98.00 81.78
65. 56
98.19 82.12
65.60
97.77 82.68
65.42 95. 65 82.60
65.48 97. 87 82.40

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

824
T able

C - l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
hours

Avg.
hrly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
eamingB

Avg.
wkly.
hours

Avg.
hrly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
•arnings

Avg.
wkly.
hours

Avg.
hrly
earutngs

Service and miscellaneous

Year and month

Persodal services
Hotels, year-round 10
Cleaning and dyeing plants

Laundries
1956: Average-------------------1957: Average-------------------April----------- ----------M ay________________
June............... ................
July____ ____ ______
August...........................
September___________
October.................... ......
November....... ...............
December______ _____
1958: January......... ................
February.......................
March_______ _____
April. ------------- - - -

$42.13
43. 52
42.21
43.23
43.42
43.93
44.25
44.11
44.00
44.40
44.69
44.40
44.58
44.29
44.18

40.9
40.3
40.2
40.4
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.9
39.8

$1.03
1.08
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.09

1.10
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.11

$42.32
43. 38
43.20
43.93
44.04
43.38
43. 34
43. 96
43.73
43. 29
43.85
43.68
43.23
43.68
44. 41

1 For coverage of these series, see footnote 1, tables A-2 and A-3.
For mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants,
data refer to production and related workers only. For the remaining
Industries, unless otherwise noted, data relate to nonsupervisory employees
and working supervisors.
Data for the most recent month are subject to revision without notation.
1 For definition, see footnote 3, table A-2.
» For definition, see footnote 4, table A-2.
4 Italicised titles which follow are components of this industry.
* Data beginning with January 1957 are not strictly comparable with those
shown for earlier years.
8 Figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)
are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by the Inter­
state Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay
during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assistants (10C
Group I).
i Data relate to employees in such occupations In the telephone industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room Instructors, and
pay-station attendants. In 1957, such employees made up 39 percent of the
total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours
and earnings data.


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Avg.
wkly,
earnings

40.3
39.8
40.0
40.3
40.4
39.8
39.4
39.6
39.4
39. Q
39.5
39.0
38.6
39.0
39.3

$1.05
1.09
1.08
1.09
1.09
1.09

1.10
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.13

$49.77
50. 44
52.26
52. 79
52.40
49. 91
48.88
51.35
51.35
49. 78
50.30
49.27
47.09
49.53
50.70

39.5
38.8
40.2
40.3
40.0
38.1
37.6
39.2
38.9
38.0
38.4
37.9
36.5
38.1
38.7

$1.26
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.31
1. 31
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.31

Motion
picture pro­
duction and
distribution9
$91.75
99.93
94. 09
97.61
101.03
100.30
100. 79
98. 48
102.94
100. 71
103. 52
97.37
98. 76
98.79
98.19

8 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone Industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1957, such employees made
up 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establish­
ments reporting hours and earnings data.
8 Data on average weekly hours and average hourly earning* are not
available.
18 Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not Included.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles." Data not affected.
tOphthalmic goods—New series beginning with January 1958; not com­
parable with previously published data. Comparable data for the earlier
series for January 1958 are $65.36 and $1.72. Weekly hours remain com­
parable.
N ote : F o ra description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, B.L8 Bull. 1168 (1954).
S oubce : Ü. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for Class I railroads (see footnote 6).

825

C: EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C-2. Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufactur­

ing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
N et spendable average weekly
earnings 1

N et spendable average weekly
earnings 1
Gross average
weekly earnings

Year

Worker with no Worker with 3
dependents
dependents
Cur­
rent

1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:

Gross average
weekly earnings

Average______ ____ $23.86
Average___________
25.20
Average_________ _ 29. 58
Average_____ _ . . . 36.65
Average___________
43.14
Average_____ . . . _
46.08
Average___. . . . _
44.39
Average___________
43.82
Average_____ _
49.97
Average________ __ 54.14
Average___________
54. 92
Average___________
59.33
Average___________ 64.71
A v e r a g e ..________ 67.97
Average___________
71.69
A verage__________
71.86
Average . _________ 76.52
A verage__________
79.99
Average----------------- 82.39

Year and month

Worker w ith no Worker with 3
dependents
dependents

194749 2

Cur­
rent

194749 2

Cur­
rent

194749 2

Cur­
rent

194749 2

Cur­
rent

194749 2

Cur­
rent

194749 2

$40.17
42.07
47.03
52.58
58.30
61.28
57. 72
52.54
52.32
52.67
53.95
57. 71
58. 30
59.89
62. 67
62.60
66.83
68.84
68. 54

$23. 58
24.69
28.05
31.77
36.01
38.29
36.97
37.72
42.76
47.43
48.09
51.09
54.04
55.66
58.54
59. 55
63.15
65.86
67. 57

$39. 70
41.22
44.59
45.58
48.66
50.92
48.08
45.23
44. 77
46.14
47.24
49.70
48.68
49.04
51.17
51.87
55.15
56.68
56.21

$23. 62
24.95
29.28
36.28
41.39
44.06
42.74
43.20
48.24
53.17
53. 83
57.21
61.28
63.62
66.58
66.78
70.45
73.22
74.97

$39.76
41.65
46. 55
52.05
55.93
58.59
55.58
51.80
50. 51
51.72
52.88
55.65
55.21
56.05
58.20
58.17
61.53
63.01
62.37

1957: A pril............................ $81. 59
M ay______________ 81.78
82.80
June_____________
July______________
82.18
August........................ 82.80
September.................. 82.99
October___ . - 82. 56
82.92
November______
82. 74
December_________
1958: January___________ 81.27
F eb ru a ry ..-.............. 80.64
March____________
81.45
A p ril3____________
80.81

$68.39
68.38
68.89
68.03
68.43
68. 53
68.18
68.19
68.04
66. 45
65.83
66.06
65.43

$66.93
67.08
67.90
67.40
67.90
68.05
67.70
67.99
67.85
66.67
66.17
66.81
66.30

$56.10
56.09
56.49
55.79
56.12
56.19
55.90
55.91
55.80
54. 51
54.02
54.18
53.68

$74.31
74. 47
75.31
74.80
75.31
75. 46
75.11
75.40
75.26
74.05
73.54
74.20
73.67

$62.29
62.27
62.65
61.91
62.24
62.31
62.02
62.01
61.89
60. 55
60.03
60.18
59.65

1 N et spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, Federal social security and income taxes for
which the worker is liable. The amount of income tax liability depends, of
course, on the number of dependents supported by the worker as well as
on the level of his gross income. N et spendable earnings have, therefore,
been computed for 2 types of income-receivers: (1) A worker with no de­
pendents; (2) a worker with 3 dependents.
The computations of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross
average weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing indus­
tries w ithout direct regard to marital status and family composition. The

primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring relative changes
in disposable earnings for 2 types of income-receivers.
2 These series indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings after
adjustment for changes in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s
Consumer Price Index, the years 1947-49 being the base period.
3 Preliminary.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Technical Note on the Cal­
culation and Uses of the N et Spendable Earnings Series (Revised February
1957), which is available upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
S ource : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able C-3. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity 1
(1947-49=100)
Annual
average

1957

1958
Industry
A pr.2 Mar.
T o ta l3________________________ _________
Mining division______ ________________
Contract construction division___ ________
Manufacturing division________ _________
Durable goods.- . _______ _ ________
Ordnance and accessories __________
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)________________________
Furniture and fixtures_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries____________
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transpor­
tation equipm ent). ___ _____ ____
Machinery (except electrical)..................
Electrical machinery------------------------Transportation equipment- __________
Instruments and related products------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Nondurable goods. ___________________
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures_______________
Textile-mill products__ ___________
Apparel and other finished textile
p ro d u cts___ ______________________
Paper and allied products_________ .
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tries
___________________________
Chemicals and allied products________
Products of petroleum and coal_______
Rubber products-----------------------------Leather and leather products_________

Feb.

Jan.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

1957

109.5
88.1
151.5
104.9
114.7
333.9

107.0
83.3
141.4
103.7
114.0
337.0

106.5
84.0
131.1
104.5
110.1
350.9

107.1
84.5
137.3
104.3
112.9
329.7

1956
110.8
84.7
138.0
108.1
117.2
375.3

90.5
68.2
119.4
87.9
91.2
294.7

91.2
70.4
108.1
90.2
94.0
289.4

90.9
72.8
94.1
91.6
95.4
286.0

95.3
76.1
111.9
94.2
99.2
293.2

101.2
80.4
123.4
99.4
105.4
296.8

103.5
79.5
131.2
101.2
108.1
295.7

107.5
83.2
149.6
103.1
109.6
300.1

109.9
86.5
153.9
105.1
110.8
315.5

110.6
86.8
157.4
105.4
112.3
325.5

108.1
86.8
154.1
102.9
110.6
320.3

69.7
88.1
88.2
77.5

69.6
91.9
88.4
80.8

69.3
93.0
88.3
82.6

70.3
94.5
92.0
87.6

74.2
101.3
97.9
94.1

77.0
102.4
101.8
96.9

81.9
106.7
104.6
99.5

80.5
107.9
106.4
103.0

86.6
106.8
106.4
104.3

83.3
100.5
101.2
105.2

87.8
102.1
106.2
108.1

84.0
99.7
105.4
106.6

80.1
102.2
104.1
108.0

80.3
103.4
103.6
105.1

88.8
107.4
109.3
110.5

94.0
87.0
110.5
108.7
103.3
87.4
83.9
76.3
65.5
64.5

97.3
89.7
114.0
113.9
105.0
88.9
85.7
75.2
67.6
66.8

99.0
90.6
116.5
117.2
106.3
88.7
87.1
76.0
73.2
68.0

104.3
93.9
120.7
123.7
109.1
88.4
88.3
78.3
79.5
68.0

110.8
97.5
127.0
134.6
112.5
94.6
92.1
84.0
84.1
72.4

114.3
97.9
131.0
337.2
114.4
101.5
92.9
86.8
80.0
72.5

115.2
101.2
133.7
130.4
114.9
105.0
95.4
92.0
89.4
74.6

115.5
104.3
137.7
126.9
117.2
106.4
98.4
100.4
97.1
75.2

114.4
103.1
134.8
136.7
116.1
102.4
97.3
97.8
86.2
75.0

112.5
106.0
131.1
135.6
113.8
94.4
93.8
93.1
69.5
72.8

116.0
109.8
134.5
141.7
117.0
100.0
93.2
86.5
70.2
74.7

114.7
111.4
132.4
142.9
117.1
98.7
91.4
81.1
70.6
73.7

115.5
114.0
133.9
146.5
120.0
98.9
91.9
79.2
67.2
74.8

115.1
108.0
134.3
141.9
117.2
100.1
94.0
86.7
78.6
74.6

116.3
115.6
138.6
139.0
121.1
105. 5
97.2
90.7
85.6
80.6

90.8
107.2

94.6
108.7

98.8
108.6

97.3
110.9

99.2
114.7

100.9
115.2

102.8
117.2

105.7
118.1

106.1
116.2

98.4
114.0

99.6
116.2

99.1
114.6

101.6
115.6

102.4
115.7

104.5
116.9

109.9
98.3
88.0
83.0
77.1

111.0
97.8
86.4
87.6
87.2

110.3
97.6
87.1
89.5
90.4

111.0
99.5
89.4
96.2
90.5

114.8
102.1
91.4
104.1
91.6

113.5
102.6
92.4
105.1
89.6

114.9
103.4
93.0
105.6
90.5

115.3
104.0
96.3
105.4
92.2

112.7
102.9
94.2
105.1
95.8

111.7
102.7
96.0
103.8
93.1

112.8
104.2
95.0
101.1
92.7

112.7
106.1
94.2
102.7
86.8

113.8
107.1
94.7
96.2
90.7

113.5
104.8
93.8
104.8
92.3

113.0
107.9
94. 6
106.7
94.4

1 Beginning with the July 1957 issue, the data shown in this table are not
comparable with those published in previous issues. See footnote 1, table
A-2.
Aggregate man-hours are for the weekly pay period ending nearest the
15th of the month and do not represent totals for the month. For mining
and manufacturing industries, data refer to production and related workers.
For contract construction, the data relate to construction workers.


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Dec.

3 Preliminary.
3 Includes only the divisions shown.
S ource ; U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

826

T able C-4. Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu­

facturing, by major industry group 1
Gross

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

Total:
manufacturing

$1.98
2. 07
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11

$1.91
2. 01
2. 00
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.05
2.05
2. 06
2. 06
2.06
2.07

Total: Durable
goods

$2.10
2.20
2.18
2.18
2.19
2. 20
2. 21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.24
2. 25
2.24

$2.03
2.14
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20

Ordnance and
accessories

$2.19
2.33
2.31
2.31
2.33
2.34
2. 34
2.37
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.44
2.44
2.45
2.47

$2.12
2. 28
2. 24
2. 25
2.28
2.29
2. 29
2. 32
2.35
2.36
2.37
2. 38
2.38
2.39
2.41

Lumber and
wood products
(except
furniture)
$1.76
1.81
1.80
1.82
1.84
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.84
1. 84
1.83
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83

$1.69
1.74
1.74
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.77
1. 77
1.78
1.78
1.77
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78

Furniture and
fixtures

$1.69
1.74
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.76
1.77
1.77
1. 75
1. 77
1.75
1.77
1. 77
1. 77

$1.64
1.69
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.74

Stone, clay,
and glass
products

$1.96
2.05
2.01
2. 02
2. 04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.08
2.08

$1.88
1.97
1.94
1.95
1. 96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.01
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.02
2.02

Exeluding
overtime 2

Machinery
(except
electrical)
$2.21
2.30
2.28
2.28
2.30
2. 30
2.30
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.34
2. 34
2.35
2.36
2.36

$2.12
2.23
2.20
2.21
2.23
2.23
2.23
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.32

Electrical
machinery

$1.98
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14

$1.92
2.02
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.01
2.01
2. 02
2. 04
2.06
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.11

Transportation
equipment

$2.31
2. 42
2.37
2.37
2.40
2.41
2.43
2.46
2.47
2. 50
2.48
2.46
2.46
2.47
2.47

$2.23
2.35
2.31
2.32
2.35
2.35
2.37
2.39
2.40
2. 41
2.42
2.42
2. 42
2.44
2.44

Instruments
and related
products
$2.01
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.10
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.18

Primary metal
industries

$2.36
2.50
2.46
2. 46
2.48
2.53
2.54
2.57
2.55
2.55
2. 55
2.56
2.56
2. 57
2. 57

$2.29
2.44
2.40
2.40
2.41
2.46
2.48
2. 50
2.50
2. 50
2. 51
2. 52
2. 53
2.54
2. 54

Fabricated
metal products

$2. 07
2.18
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.20
2.22
2.22
2.23
2. 22
2.22
2. 22
2.23
2. 24

$1.99
2.11
2. 08
2. 09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.19

Nondurable goods

Durable goods—Continued

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
A p r i l . . _____
M ay________
J u n e _______
July________
A ugust.. . .
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
M a rc h _____
A p ril3—_____

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

Durable goods

Year and month

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
April.
.
M ay______ .
J u n e.._______
July------------August______
September___
O ctober____
November___
December___
1958: January..
February____
March____ .
A p ril3______

Exeluding Gross
overtime 2

$1.96
2.06
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.12
2.12
2.14
2.14

Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
$1.75
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.80
1.81
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.85
1.85
1.85
1. 85

$1.69
1. 76
1. 76
1.76
1.76
1.77
1.75
1.75
1. 75
1. 77
1. 78
1.81
1.81
1.81
1. 81

Total: N on­
durable goods

$1.80
1.89
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1. 94

$1.75
1.83
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.83
1.84
1. 85
1.86
1.86
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.89

Food and
kindred
products
$1.83
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.96
1. 97
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01

$1.76
1.86
1.87
1.87
1. 85
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.87
1.89
1.90
1. 94
1.94
1.95
1.95

Tobacco
manufactures

$1. 45
1.53
1.55
1.58
1.58
1.61
1.49
1.46
1.47
1. 55
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.60
1.65

$1.43
1. 51
1.54
1.56
1. 55
1.57
1.47
1.43
1.45
1.52
1. 52
1.54
1.55
1. 58
1.62

Nondurable goods—Continued

Textile-mill
products

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
April_______
M ay___
June________
July------------A ugust.
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
March______
A p r il3—

$1.45
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

$1.40
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47

Apparel and
Paper and
other finished
textile products allied products

$1.45
1.49
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

$1.43
1.47
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.48
1.48

$1.94
2.04
2.00
2.01
2.03
2.06
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08

$1.84
1. 94
1.91
1.91
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.97
1.98
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.01

Printing,
publishing,
and allied
industries 4
$2.43
2.51
2.49
2.51
2.51
2. 51
2. 51
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.55
2. 54
2.56
2.57
2.56

1 Beginning with the July 1957 issue, the data shown in this table are not
comparable with those published in previous issues. See footnote 1, table
A-2.
* Derived by assuming that the overtime hours shown in table 0 -5 are
paid for at the rate of time and one-half.
3 Preliminary.


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Chemicals and
allied products

$2.11
2.22
2.17
2.20
2.23
2.25
2. 25
2.25
2.24
2.26
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27

$2.05
2.16
2.12
2.14
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22

Products of
petroleum and
coal

$2. 54
2.66
2.59
2.61
2.66
2.69
2.69
2.73
2.71
2. 73
2.73
2.73
2. 72
2. 72
2.74

$2.47
2.60
2. 52
2. 54
2.60
2.62
2.63
2.66
2.65
2. 67
2.68
2.68
2.68
2.68
2.69

Rubber
products

$2.17
2.26
2.19
2.22
2.23
2.28
2.27
2.29
2.32
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.28
2.29
2.28

$2. 09
2.18
2.13
2.16
2.15
2.18
2.18
2. 21
2.23
2.25
2.25
2. 25
2.24
2.25
2.25

Leather and
leather
products

$1.49
1.54
1.54
1. 54
1. 54
1.53
1.54
1.55
1. 55
1. 57
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.58

$1.47
1.52
1. 52
1. 52
1. 52
1. 51
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.53
1. 54
1.54
1. 55
1.56

4 Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, are not available separately
for the printing, publishing, and allied industries group, as graduated over­
time rates are found to an extent likely to make average overtime pay sig­
nificantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the industry in the
nondurable-goods total has little effect.
S ource : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

0 : EARNINGS AND HOURS

827

T able C-5. Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manu­
facturing, by major industry group 1
Gross

Overtime 1

Gross

Overtime 1

Gross

Overtime *

Gross

Total: Manu­
facturing

February___
March_____
A pril3______

Gross

Overtime *

Gross

Overtime *

40.4
39.8
39.8
39 7
40.0
39.7
40. 0
39.9
39. 6
39. 3
39.4
38. 7
38. 4
38.6
38.3

2.8
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2. 5
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5

Total: Durable
goods
41.1
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.2
39. 8
39. 7
39.7
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8

8,0
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4

Ordnance and
accessories

4L 8
40.8
41.4
40.7
40.7
40.0
40.1
40.1
39.9
40.0
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.7
40.7

Lumber and
wood products
(except furni­
ture)

2.9
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.6
1. 6
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.0
3.9
1.9
2.0

40.8
39.7
40.0
40.2
40.7
39.4
41.1
39.0
40.2
39.1
39.0
38.5
38. 7
38.9
38.7

3.3
2.8
2.6
2.8
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.3

Furniture and
fixtures

40.8
40.0
39.7
39.2
39.7
39.3
40.7
40.9
40.7
39.7
39.9
38.5
38.3
38.6
37.9

2.8
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.3
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3

Stone, clay, and
glass products
41.1
40.6
40,4
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.9
40.8
40.6
40.1
39.8
39.3
38.7
39.1
39.1

a6
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3,3
3.0
2.7
2.4
22
2.3
2.3

Durable goods—Continued

1956: Average____
1957: Average____
April..............
M ay..............
June............. .
July...............
August..........
September__
October____
November__
December___
1958: January____
F e b r u a r y ____

March.

April3_

Gross

Overtime *

Durable goods

Year and month

1966: Average____ .
1957: Average____
April.............
M ay_______
Ju n e ............
Ju ly..............
August.........
September...
October____
Novem ber...
December__
1958: January____

Overtime*

Machinery
(except
electrical)

.Electrical
machinery

42.2
41.0
41. 4
41. 1
41.1
40.7
40. 5
40.7
40.2
39. 7
40.3
39.7
39. 2
39. 5
39.2

40.8
40.0
40.3
40. 1
40.3
39.7
40.2
40.2
39. 4
39.5
39.5
39.1
39. 0
39.1
38.9

3.7
2.6
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5

2.6
1.9
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.7
2. 1
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
.9
.9

Transportation
equipment

41.0
40.5
40.6
39. 9
40.1
39.5
40.2
39.7
39.5
40.7
40.2
38.8
38.7
39.4
39.4

40.8
40.4
40.6
40. 2
40. 5
40.3
40 0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.6
39. 3
39.4
39.5

40.«
39.6
39.8
39.6
40.2
39.7
39.3
39.4
38.5
38.2
38.1
37.2
36. S
37.1
37.1

2.8
2.0
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.1
1.8
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
1.0

Fabricated
metal products
41,2
40.9
40.9
40.9
41.2
40.7
41.0
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.4
38. 9
39.2
38.9

0
2.8
27
27
2.9
2.9
2.8
32
2.9
2. 7
2.1
17
1. 6
1. 6
1.5
3.

Nondurable goods

Instruments
and related
products

2.9
2.4
2.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.1
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1

Primary metal
indus tries

23
2.0
2.1
1.9
1. 8
1.8
1.7
2 1
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.2

Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
40 3
40.0
39.9
39.8
39.9
39.5
40.0
40 3
40.0
39.7
39.7
39.3
39.0
39.2
39.0

2.6
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7

Total Nondurable goods
39 5
39.2
38.9
38.9
39 2
39 4
39.6
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.4
38.1
38.1
37.7

2.5
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7

Food and
kindred
prodncts
3.3
3.1
2. 7
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5

41.0
40.5
40. 0
40.4
40.9
41.5
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.4
40 7
40.2
39. 7
39.7
39.8

Tobacco
manufactures

38.9
38.5
36.8
39.1
38. 6
39.6
38.4
39.8
38.3
37.5
39.1
39.0
37. S
37.1
38.0

11
1.2
6
11
1.5
19
11
14
1, 4
1. 5
1. 4
11
.7
.8
1.4

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products

1960: A v e r a g e _______
A v e r a g e ______
A p r i l ............ . . .
M a y ___________
J u n e ___________

1957:

Ju ly ................
A u g u s t ...............
S e p t e m b e r ___

October_____
1958:

N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ____
J a n u a r y ______

February____
March______
A p ril3______

39.7
38.9
38.6
38. 4
38.9
38.6
39, 1
39.1
39. 1
38.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6

2.6
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
1. 7
1.7
1.4

Apparel and
Paper and
other finished allied products
textile products
36.3
36.0
35.7
35.8
35.8
36.1
36.8
36.7
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.3

1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1«
1.4
1.2
1.1
.9
.8
1.0
.9
.8

42.8
42.3
42.1
42. 0
42.2
42.3
42.5
42.9
42.4
41.9
41.9
41.4
41.1
41.3
41.0

4.6
4.3
4.2
40
4.1
4.6
4. 5
4.8
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.1

Printing, pnblishing, and allied Industries
38.8
38.4
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.4
38.0
38.6
37.7
37.7
37.9
37.6

1 Beginning with the July 1057 issue. the data shown in this table are not
comparable with those published in previous issues. See footnote 1, table
AS.
2 Covers premium overtime hours of produo6ton and related workers daring
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Overtime hoars are
those for which premiums were paid because the hours were In excess of the
auro her of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend


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3.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.1

Chemicals and
allied products
41.3
41.1
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.3
40.8
40.6
40.7
40.6

2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9

Products of
petroleum
and coal
41.1
40.9
41.2
40.9
40.9
41.6
40.6
41.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.4
39.9
40.2
40.6

2.0
1.9
2.2
22
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.5

Rubber
products
40.2
40.6
40.0
40.0
40.9
41.3
40.9
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
38.2
37.3
38.0
37.6

2.8
2.9
2.4
2.5
3. 1
3.8
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.2
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3

Leather and
leather
products
37.8
37.4
36.9
36.3
37.8
38.1
38. 1
37.2
36.8
36.5
37.4
37.3
36.9
36.2
34.1

1. 4
1.3
I. 1
9
1.2
1.3
1. 5
Î.3
1. 2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1. 2
1. 0
.7

and holiday hours are Included only If premium wage rates were paid. Hours
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of
premiums were paid are excluded. These data are not available prior to
1956.
3 Preliminary.
Source : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

828

D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able D -l. Consumer Price Index1—United States city average: All items and major groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month

All items

Housing

Food

Transporta­
tion

Apparel

Medical care Personal care Reading and
recreation

Other goods

AverageAverage..
AverageAverage.
AverageAverage.
AverageAverage.
AverageAverage.
Average-

95 5
102 8
101 8
102.8
111 0
113.6
114 4
114 8
114. 6
116 2
120.2

96.9
104 1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
112.6
110.9
111.7
115.4

95.0
101.7
103.8
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
119.1
L20.0
121.7
125.6

97.1
103.5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
104.3
103.7
105.6
106.9

90.6
100.9
108.5
111 3
118,4
126.2
129.7
128.0
126.4
128. 7
136.0

94.9
100.9
104.1
106,0
111.1
117.2
121.3
125.2
128 0
132.8
138.0

97.6
101.3
101.1
101.1
110.5
111.8
112.8
113.4
115.3
120.0
124.4

95,5
100.4
104.1
103.4
106. 5
107.0
108.0
107,0
106.0
108.1
112.2

96.1
100.5
103.4
105.2
109.7
115.4
118.2

1953: January..........
February----March______
April_______
May............. .
June................
Ju ly................
August-------Septem ber...
October_____
November__
December___

113 9
113 4
113 6
113 7
114 0
154, 5
116 0
116 2
115 4
116 0
114.9

118.1
111 5
111.7
111. 5
112.1
113.7
113.8
114.1
113.8
113.6
112.0
112.8

116.4
116.6
116.8
117.0
117.1
117.4
117.8
118.0
118.4
118.7
118.9
118.9

104.6
104.6
104.7
104. 6
104.7
104.6
104.4
104 3
105.3
105. 5
105.5
105.3

129.»
129.1
129.3
129.4
126. 4
128.4
129.7
130.6
130.7
130.7
130.1
128.9

119.4
119.3
119.5
120.2
120.7
121.1
121 8
121.8
122.6
122.8
123.3
123.6

112.4
112.5
112 4
112.5
112.8
112.6
112.6
112. 7
112.9
113.2
118.4
113. 6

107.8
107.5
107.7
107.9
108.0
107.8
107.4
107.8
107.8
108.8
108.9
108.9

115.9
115.8
117.5
117.6
118.0
118.2
118.8
118.4
118.5
119.7

1954: January—
February__
March____
April........—
May______
June______
July.............
A ugust___
September.
October___
November.
December..

116. 2
115.0
114. 8
114. 8
118 0
116 1
115 2
115 0
114 7
114 6
114 6
114.3

113.1
112. «
112.1
112.4
113.3
113 8
114.6
118.9
112.4
111. 8
111. 1
110.4

118 8
11.8. 9
119.0
118.5
118.9
118.9
119.0
119. 2
119.6
119.5
119.5
119.7

104.9
104.7
104 3
104.1
104.2
104.2
104.0
103.7
104.»
104.0
104.6
104.8

130. 5
129.4
129.0
126.1
129. 1
J28, 9
128. 7
126.8
126.4
125.0
127.6
127.3

123.7
124.1
134. 4
124.9
125.1
125 1
125. 2
125.5
128.7
126.9
126.1
126 8

lit . 7
118. 9
114.1
112.9
11S.0
112.7
113. »
113.4
118.5
113.4
118.8
lit . 6

108.7
108.0
108. 2
106. 5
106.4
106.4
107.0
106. 6
106 5
106.9
106.8
106.8

120.8

1955: January---February..
March____
April........—
May______
June............
July............
August........
September .
October___
November.
December..

114. 3
114. 8
114.3
114 2
114. 2
114 4
114. 7
114. 5
114.9
114.9
115.0
114 7

110.8
110.8
119.8
111.3
111. 1
111.3
112.1

103 3
103.4
103. 2
108.1
10» 8
103 2
10». 3
103.4
104 9
104. 6
104. 7
104.7

127.6
127.4
127.8
125,3
125.6
125.8
125.4
125.4
125.3
128.0
128.5
127.3

126.5
126.8
1.27.0
127.8
127 5
127 6
127.9
128.0
128.2
1287
129.8
130.2

113.7
118.5
113.5
113.7
113.9
114.7
115.5
116.8
116.6
317.0
117.fi
117.9

106.9
106,4
106.6
106.6
106. 5
106 2
108.3
106.3
106.7
106.7
106.8
106 8

119.6
119 8
119.8

111.6
lift. 8
106.8
109.5

119 6
119.6
119.0
119. 5
119.4
119.7
119.9
120.0
120.4
120.8
I20.fi
120 8

1966: January___
February. .
March____
April_____
May______
June______
July............
August.......
September.
October___
November.
December..

514.6
114.8
114.7
114 9
115 4
116. 2
117.0
110.
117.1
117.7
117.8
118.0

109.2
108.8
109.9
109.8
111.6
113.2
114.8
113.1
113.1
113.1
112.9
112.8

120 6
120.7
130 7
130.8
120.9
121.4
121.8
122.2
122.6
122.8
123.0
123.5

104.1
104.8
104.8
104 8
104.. 8
104,8
105,3
105.5
106.5
106.8
107 0
107 0

126.8
126.9
126. 7
126.4
127.1
126.8
127. 7
128. 5
128.6
132. 6
133 2
133.1

130.7
130.9
131.4
131.6
181.9
132.0
132 7
133 3
134.0
134.1
134.6
134.7

118.5
118.9
119.2
119.6
119.6
119 9
120.1
120.»
120.6
120.8
121.4
121.8

107 3
107.8
107.7
108.2
108 2
107.6
107.7
107 9
108.4
108 . 5
109.0
109.3

120.8

1057: Jtmuary__
February._
March..___
April_____
May______
June______
July______
August........
September.
October___
N ovember.
D ecem ber1958: January---February...
March____

118.2
118.7
118.9
119.3
119. 6
120. 2
120.8
121.0
121.1
121.1
121.6
121.6
122.3
122.5
123.3
123. 5
123.6

112.8
113.6
113.2
113.8
114.6
116.2
117.4
117.9
117.0
116.4
116.0
116.1
118.2
118.7
120.8
121.6
121.6

123.8
124.5
124.9
125.2
125.3
125.5
125.5
125.7
126.3
126.6
126.8
127.0
127.1
127.3
127.5
127.7
127.8

106.4
100.1
108.8
106.5
106. 5
106.6
106. 5
106.6
107.3
107.7
107.9
107.6
106.9
106.8
106.8
106.7
106.7

133.6
134. 4
135.1
135. 5
136 S
135.3
135.8
135.9
135.9
135.8
140.0
138.9
138.7
138.5
138.7
138.3
138.7

135.8
185. 6
136.4
136.9
137.3
137.9
138.4
138.6
139.0
139.7
140.3
140.8
141.7
141. 9
142.3
142.7
143.7

122.1
122.6
122.9
123.3
123 4
124.2
124. 7
124.9
1.26.1
126.2
126.7
127.0
127.8
128.0
128.3
128.5
128.5

189.9
110.0
1105
111. 8
111 4
111 8
112.4
112.6
113.3
113.4
114. 4
11.4. 6
116.6
110.6
117.0
117.0
116.6

123.8
124.0
124.2

1947:
1948:
1949:
I960:
1951:
1952:
5953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:

April_____
M ay--------

114 7

111. 2

i The Consumer Price index measures the average ehange in prices of goods
and »«vices purchased by urban wage-earner and elerieal-vorter families.
Data for 46 large, medlum-else, and small etties *i* aombined tor the United
States average.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

120.1
120.2

122.0

125.5

120.2
120.8

120.2

130.1

120.2
120.1
120.1

120.3
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.0

119.9

lie s

119 9
119 9
120.3
130.4

120.6

120 6
120.6
120.8

120.9

121.2

121.4

121.5

121.8

522.2
122 1

122.7
123.0
123.2
123.8

124.3

524.3
124.6

126.6
126.7
126.7
126.8
126.8
126.8
127.0
127.0
127.2
127.2

127.2

N oth; For n description of thte series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BBS BulS. 1188 (J2M).
Sqpbcr ; U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

829

D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able D -2. Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Food, housing, apparel, transpor­

tation, and their subgroups
[1947-49=100
1958

Annual
average

1957

Group
May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

Food »........................................................ .
Food at home________ ____ ________
Cereals and bakery products.........
Meats, poultry, and fish_________
Dairy products. . .............................
Fruits and vegetables............ .........
Other foods at home *.......................

121.6
120.5
132.8
116. 6
111.8
137.4
111.5

121.6
120.5
132.7
115.9
112.5
136.6
112.4

120.8
119.6
132.7
114. 4
114.1
130.7
113.8

118.7
117.2
132.6
112.0
114.5
124.4
111.3

118.2
116.7
132.5
110.2
114.6
121.9
113.1

116.1
114.3
131.8
106.0
114.6
113.9
114.9

116.0
114.1
131.6
104.6
114.5
114.6
115.6

116.4
114.7
131.4
106.3
114.2
114.5
116.2

117.0
115. 5
131.2
110.3
113.1
114.8
115.0

117.9
116.6
131.0
111.9
111.5
121.3
113.8

117.4
116.1
130.8
109.5
110.5
126.9
111.7

116.2
114.7
130.6
106.9
110.0
126.8
109.5

114.6
113.0
130. 4
103.7
110.0
122.5
109.9

115.4
113.8
130.5
105.2
111.8
118.6
112.9

111.7
110.2
125.6
97.1
108.7
119.0
112.8

Housing4______ _____ _____________ ..
Rent___ ________ ______ __________
Gas and electricity.................................
Solid fuels and fuel oil.............................
Housefumishings______ ___________
Household operation_______________

127.8
137.5
116.5
131.6
104.0
130.9

127.7
137.3
116.0
134.2
104.0
130.9

127.5
137.1
115.9
136.7
103.9
130.7

127.3
137.0
115.9
137.2
104.9
129.9

127.1
136.8
115. 7
138.4
104.2
129.7

127.0
136.7
114.3
138.3
104.9
129.6

126.8
136.3
114.3
138.0
104.5
129.4

126.6
136.0
113.8
137.6
104.8
128.7

126.3
135.7
113.7
136.8
104.8
128.3

125.7
135.4
113.3
135. 7
103.9
128.0

125.5
135.2
112.3
135.9
104.1
127.9

125.5
135.0
112.3
135.3
104.6
127.6

125.3
134.7
112.3
135.4
104.2
127.3

125.6
135.2
113.0
137.4
1016
127.5

121. 7
132.7
111.8
130.7
103.0
122.9

Apparel..._____ ________________ _____ 106.7
Men’s and boys’. . . .................... ........... 108.9
Women's and girls’____ ____________
98.4
Footwear____________________ ____ 129.7
Other apparel4........................................ 92.1

106.7
109.1
98.2
129.8
91.9

106.8
108.9
98.8
129.5
91.9

106.8
109.0
98.6
129.5
92.0

106.9
109.0
98.8
129.3
91.9

107.6
109.5
100.1
129.1
92.3

107.9
109.4
100.8
129. 0
92.6

107.7
109.4
100.6
12S.3
92.5

107.3
109.3
99.8
128.1
92.3

106.6
108.8
98.6
128.3
92.0

106.5
108.8
98.6
128.1
91.9

106.6
109.1
98.5
127. 8
91.9

106.5
109.0
98.6
127.8
92.0

106.9
109.0
99.2
127.9
92.1

105.6
107.4
98.7
123. 9
91.4

Transportation............................................... 138.7
Private...................................... .............. . 128.0
Public................. .................................... 186.1

138.3
127.6
186.1

138.7
128.0
185.9

138.5
127.9
185.4

138. 7
128.4
182.4

138.9
128. 6
182.4

140.0
129.7
182.8

135.8
125.4
181.6

135.9
125.5
181.1

135.9
125.6
180.6

135.8
125.6
180.2

135.3
125.4
176.8

135.3
125.4
176.8

136.0
125.8
178.8

128.7
118.8
172.2

i See footnote 1, table D -l.
} In addition to subgroups shown here, total food Includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
* Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other miscellaneous foods.

* In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
1 Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous items.
Source : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able D -8. Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Special groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month

Nondura­
ble com­
modities
less food s

95.7
102.9
101. 5
101.3
108. 9
109 8
110.0
108.6
107.8
103 9
112.3

94.9
101.8
103.3
104.4
112 4
113.8
112.6
108.3
105.1
105.1
108.8

95.7
103.1
101.1
100 9
108.5
109.1
110.1
110.8
110.6
113.0
116.1

94.5
100.4
105. 1
108.5
114.1
ne 3
124.2
127.5
129.8
132.6
137.7

94.7
100.1
105.2
108.1
114.6
120.1
124.6
127.7
130.1
133.0
138.0

113 0
113.7
114.4
114.6
114.5
114. 3
114.7
114.7

111.8
111 9
112.2
112. 1
112.6
112.8
113.8
113.6

108.3
108.4
108.2
108 4
108.6
108.6
110.9
110.3

115.0
116.8
118.3
116.0
118.7
117.0
117.4
117.3

137.2
137. 6
137.9
138.3
138.8
139. 2
139.8
140.0

138.1
138. 4
138.9
139.3
139.8
140.8
140.9
141.1

115.4
115. 5
116.4
116.6
116.6

113. 5
113.2
113.1
112.8
112.9

110.5
110.3
109.6
109.6
109.7

117.0
116.7
116. 9
116.6
116.5

140.5
141.0
141.7
142.1
142.3

141.7
142.3
143.1
143.5
143.8

All Items
less shelter

All com­
modities

Average..... ................ .................. ....................... ........
Average........ ................................................... ...........
Average......................................................................
Average......... .......... ....... .........................................
Average____________________________________
Average.......................................................................
Average____________________________________
Average____________________________________
Average____________________________________
Average____________________________________
Average_____________________ __________ ____

95 l
101.9
103. 0
104.2
110.8
113. 5
115 7
116. 4
116.7
118.8
122.8

95.6
103.1
101.3
102.0
110. 5
112.7
113.1
113.0
112.4
114.0
117.8

96.3
103.2
100.6
101.2
110. 3
111.7
111.3
110.2
109.0
110.1
113.6

1957: M ay.............................................................................
June......... ............................ .......................................
J u ly ......... ...................................................................
August__ ______________ ____ ______ _________
September__________________________________
October ........................................................................
November................ ........ .............. ............. ...............
December__________________________________

122.3
122.5
122.8
123.0
123.4
123.7
124.6
124.5

117.1
117.8
118. 5
118.7
118.7
118.6
119.2
119.2

1958: January........................ ............ .................................
February___________________________________
March___________________ __________________
A p ril...___ ______________________ . . . . . . . .
M ay_______ ______ . . . . . . . . .
-------- -- .

124.7
124.8
125.0
125. 0
125.1

120.0
120.2
121.0
121.2
121.3

1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1656:
1957:

1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
* Includes household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor coverings,
dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable toys, sport­
ing goods, and from 1953 forward, water heaters, kitchen sinks, sink faucets,
and porch flooring.
»Includes solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefumishings, household paper,
electric light, bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel (except shoe re­
pairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet goods, nondurable
toys, newspapers, cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, and from 1953 forward,
house paint and paint brush,
‘ Includes rent, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto Insurance,


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

All com­
modities
less food

Durable
commodi­
ties *

All Items
less food

All
All services
services 4 less r e n t4

auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services, group hospitalization, barber and beauty shop services,
television repairs, motion picture admissions, and from 1953 forward, home
purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage Interest, property insurance, repainting
garage, repainting rooms, reshlngling roof, and reflnlshing floors.
1 Formerly all services less shelter for 1953 and later years; for definition of
services, see footnote 4.
N o t e : Indexes from 1953 forward have been revised to reflect the distribu­
tion of shelter items, formerly included in “all services and shelter'’ now en­
titled “all services," among the appropriate commodity and service classi­
fications.
Source : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

830

T able D-4. Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected

foods
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Commodity

Average2
price,
May
1958

1958


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

June

May

1957

1956

113 9 113.7
95.8
95.7
113.4 113. 4
93.7
93.3
136. 4 136. 0
136.0 135.4
141.8 141.5
113.1 113.2
127 2 127.3

113.7
95.7
113.7
93.1
135.7
135.0
141.0
113.1
127.7

113.6
95.8
113.6
92.9
135.4
135.1
140. 6
112.9
127 5

113.4
95.8
113.3
93.5
134.9
136.1
141.0
112.4
127.3

110. 7
95.4
111.0
92.8
119. 1
128.9
134. 7
107.3
124.0

116. 3 113.2
106.9 105.5
n e 2 117,8
97.9 96.1
114.4 113.5
91.2
89.7
128.8 128 0
119.2 114 3
127.6 127.3
120.3 111.0
102.6
99. 1
105.5 105.5

110.6
103. 0
114.1
94.4
111.8
87.0
128.8
110.9
127.5
103.0
98.4
107.2

106.7
101.3
112.4
94.0
110.2
84.2
127.2
105.2
117.0
98.3
96.9
105, 6

108.7
102.8
113.7
95.0
111.0
86.6
127.9
107.3
119.1
101.5
97.4
103. 5

97.9
95.7
107.1
87.2
104.7
79.3
120,8
93.1
107.6
79.0
92. 4
99.8

95.0
93.8
83.3

93.0
93. 5
80.9

89.7
92.7
78.9

93.1
93.1
78.4

85.4
84.4
80.4

110 2
107.8

109.6
106.8

109.0
106.0

109. 7
107. 2

109.9
107.6

108. 5
105. 5

130.1

130.2

130.1

129.9

129.9

130.1

125. 5

93.6

93.fi

93.6

93.4

93.2

93.3

94.6

121.0

119. 5

116 9

115.0

114.2

114. 7

117.6

113.6

126.1

125.5

123.8

121. 5

120 Ï

119.3

119.3

122. i

118. 4

98.
94.8
109.6
109.0

97.8
94.9
109.5
108.4

98.0
95.4
109.5
108.5

98.1
94.4
109.6
108. 5

97.9
93 2
109. 5
108 3

97.7
93.2
109.3
108.0

97.7
93.4
109.4
107.2

97.3
93.7
109.0
106.8

97.4
94.0
109.3
107.2

95.5
91 3
108. 4
103. 4

97.7
79.4
99.2
99.8
101.9
116. 5
110.9
99.3
124.6
105.3
110.0
(s)
<•)
(8)
(8)
109.3
120.3
98.9
132. 7
104.7
93. 2
120. 4
115.4
110.6
105. 3
108.0
108.4
110.6
100.4
102.8
101.0
105. 5
102. 1
111. 1
135.9
87.3

97.8
79.4
99.4
100. 3
101.6
117. 6
104.6
109.7
133.2
104.9
113.4
(«)
(8)
82.6
(8)
107.1
109.2
97.0
131.6
128.7
91.3
113.5
95.1
113. 4
105. 5
108.0
109.8
110.6
100.5
103.2
101. 6
104.9
101.9
110.7
136.4
86.4

97.6
79.6
98.9
100.3
101.5
117.4
104. 8
114. 6
141.9
96.7
<*>
(8)
(8)
77.6
(!)
105.9
112.7
95.9
125.5
133.3
92.7
114.1
83.3
104.5
105. 7
108.5
110.5
110.5
100. 5
102.8
102. 1
104.0
102.8
i 110.9
1 137.1
! 86.2

97.0
79.5
97.8
100.8
99.8
118.0
123.8
110.9
139.3
97.5
O
106.7
(8)
75.1
O
106. 2
118.2
96.7
131. 1
127.9
98.5
120.8
70.9
93.2
105.6
108. 1
110.8
110.4
100. 5
102.0
102.3
103. 7
103. 0
111.0
137 7
86. 1

96.3
79.0
96.4
100,3
100.3
128.5
(•)
115.6
133 6
98. 1
(8)
99.8
(8)
88.0
72.8
111.0
155. 8
110 2
1.25.7
153. 4
97.6
121.2
77. 2
98.8
105. 6
108.9
110.8
110.4
100.4
101 7
102. 9
103.0
: 102,9
! 111.4
! 140.2
! 85. 2

95.8
79.0
95.0
100.6
100.2
137. 4
194.8
t'2. 2
126.8
96.5
(8)
123.6
(8)
129. 6
86.4
114.3
166. 3
135.9
117. 2
130.7
115 9
124.6
95.7
109.7
106.0
110.3
111.3
110.4
100. 3
101.9
103.2
102. 9
102. 8
111. 7
141.4
84.9

95.9
79.5
95.6
100. 4
99.1
137.1
195.2
112.4
121.2
98.2
(s)
(*)
80.0
(s)
103. 4
111. 1
155.1
153. 4
115.9
125. 6
112.0
125.6
121.1
99.9
106.3
113.3
110.8
110.3
100.2
101.6
102.7
102.8
102.7
111.8
142.2
84.5

97.2
82.2
98.7
100.2
98.6
129.8
171.9
103. 6
118 1
104 0
113. 0
(8)
81 4
■'*)
(»)
108 1
143.8
145. 1
110.8
107.7
106. 7
132. 5
143 4
128 0
106.6
115.4
110.7
110.2
100. 1
101. 6
102.4
102. 7
102 9
111 5
142 0
84 2

97.8
82.1
99.4
100.9
99.2
123.7
«140.8
107. 7
126.2
103.0
'»111.3
>3109.9
1380. 7
>«90.6
>287.5
107.9
131.0
111.9
117.1
121.9
104.1
125.9
105.1
117.7
106.3
113.2
110.4
110.2
100.3
102.2
102.1
103. 4
102.6
1 111.5
S 140.3
! 85.2

103.1
91.2
107 0
107.5
95.9
122 8
128.9
104. 4
126. 7
101.9
>«104.0
>297. 4
>2 99. 7
>«80. 9
>279. 5
127.8
114.9
112. 4
108.1
114. 4
92.7
114 5
105. 4
119 5
107. 9
120 0
111 0
108. 8
100.8
106. 8
102.1
104.1
100 9
111 6
147 ?
85.7

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.f

Nov.

Oct.

115.4 115.4
95.9
96.0
115. 5 115.4
96. 3
96.8
137.9 137.9
149.4 149.0
144.0 143.8
113.7 113.6
126.7 126.8

115.1
96.0
115.3
95.9
137.7
148.5
143.7
113.4
127.7

114.7
96.0
115.2
95.8
137.5
147.6
143.7
113.6
127.6

114.4 113.8
96.0
96.0
114.1 114.1
95.6
95.3
137.2 137.2
146.5 143.0
143. 7 142.7
113.3 113.4
128.1 127.9

113.8
95.9
114.1
95,2
136.7
138. 5
142.5
113.4
127. 9

114.1 114.0
95.6
95.9
114.0 114.1
94.6
94,4
136. 5 136.3
136.4 136.2
142.2 142.0
112.9 113.2
127.8 127.4

122.0
121. 7
128.4
116.9
124.5
110.9
144.3
115.0
125.4
110.4
104.7
111.8

121. 5
121.5
128.4
118.5
123.9
109.1
143.1
114.7
125.3
109.2
105.5
113.4

118.8
117.9
125.2
115.4
121.5
103.3
142.4
112.6
123.0
105.8
105.5
112.4

116.7
114.8
122.7
110.2
120.4
100.7
140.4
111.3
121.7
105.9
102.3
113.2

115.1 110.5
112.8 107.7
122.1 117.8
106. 6 102.1
120.6 114.9
91.8
98.3
135. 9 130.4
110.1 105.2
120.8 117.1
103.7
96.8
102.1
99.0
110. 5 105.1

108.9
105.6
116.3
98.5
112.9
90.1
128.7
103.7
117.3
96.0
94.7
104.3

111.1
105.9
117.1
98.4
113.7
89.7
128.8
108.2
120. 9
103. 7
95.3
104.5

115.2
107.3
119.1
99.9
115.2
90.6
129.5
116.0
124.7
117.4
99.1
105.7

106.5
101.6
81.7

105.2
99.7
80.1

102.9
98.4
83.5

100.2
98.1
79.7

99.0
97. 7
77.0

97.3
96.8
74.2

97.2
96.2
73.1

98.1
95.2
73.8

98.5
94.6
78. 5

97.7
94.2
83.3

ÏIŸ. 6
120.4

117.6
120.4

117.1
119.7

115.4
116.6

113.8
113.9

112.2
111.5

111.4
110.1

ÜÖ.5
108.6

lio n
107.6

131.3

131.2

Î3Ï. 1

Ï8Ï.Ô

130.8

130.8

i30. 7

130. 4

95.2

95. 3

95.0

94.9

94.4

93.7

93.4

93.6

117.1

118.3

120.5

121.2

121.5

121.9

121.8

121. 7

122. 4

125.2

125.8

126.0

126.2

98.3
93.1
109.5
110.9

98.4
93.5
109.9
111. 1

98.2
94.8
110.0
110.8

98.4
94.8
109.8
110.5

98.4
94.8
109.9
110.1

116.2
82.6
143.2
99.5
106.6
150.0
157.7
103.8
160. 9
102.9
149.3
(8)
95.2
(8)
(8)
144.1
158.4
132.9
108.4
145.8
147.0
152.3
157.8
125.0
109.5
117.5
107.9
111.8
100.8
104.0
99.4
121.0
101. 7
117.3
137.2
95.9

115. 5
82.5
141.5
99.5
106.4
149.3
133.3
98.3
169.0
101.8
130. 5
(8)
(*)
(8)
(>)
155. 9
152.9
159.7
106.2
135.5
132.4
160.9
163.8
136. 3
108.6
114.4
108.4
111. 7
100.7
103.7
99.7
118.2
101.8
116. 4
137.0
94.8

112.7
82.6
134.8
99.7
105.2
140.9
121.8
104.8
147.7
102.6
118.2
(8)
(s)
(s)
(8)
138. 4
147.6
128. 7
119.3
140.7
109.7
174.1
148.6
C)
107. 4
111.9
109.5
111.4
100.6
103.6
100. 6
112.2
102.2
113.9
136.1
91.4

110. 3
81.9
129.4
100.4
103.1
131.4
117.6
106.9
142.2
101.8
116.4
(8)
(8)
(»)
(8)
115. 7
138.3
105. 5
123.7
113.0
108.4
165.5
145.8
(*)
106.5
111.1
109.1
111.0
100. 8
103.9
100.9
107.9
102.0
112.3
136.1
89.0

107.6
80.3
123. 4
100. 5
102.6
128.0
114. 1
104. 9
137. 3
104.2
122.4
C)
(8)
(»)
(8>
112.6
134.2
101.2
135.2
118.3
102.2
151.7
138.7
171.0
106. 0
109.4
109.3
110.9
100.6
103.6
101.2
106.3
102. 2
112.0
136.2
88.5

Apr.

i

Sept.

Aug.

Mar.

May
Cereals and bakery products: Unit Cents
Flour, w heat.-------- ---------5 lb— 55.7
.20 oz.. 26.8
Biscuit mix 3______
12.8
Corn meal.___ ___________ lb.
Rice____________________ -lb .. 18.3
Rolled oats ‘_______ _____18 oz.. 20.3
Corn flakes_____________12 oz.. 25.4
Bread___________________ lb .. 19.2
Soda crackers *------------------ lb__ 29.3
24.5
Vanilla cookies---- --------- 7 oz.
Meats, poultry, and fish:
Meats__________ _______ _____
Beef and veal_______________
Round steak______ ____lb .. 105.9
Chuck roast----------------- lb .. 64.8
Rib roast________ ____ -lb .. 82.9
Hamburger----------------- Ib._ 54.0
Veal cutlets_______ ____ lb .. 133.0
Pork______________________
Pork chops, center cu t— lb .. 91.3
Bacon, sliced---------- ...l b .. 80.4
Ham, whole... ________lb .. 67.9
Lamb, leg---------- ----------- lb .. 77.0
Other meats:
Frankfurters *_________ lb..
64.8
Luncheon m eat8—12-oz. can... 49.1
Poultry, frying chickens______
49 0
___________________
Fish
Fish, fresh or frozen-------------45 6
FTfuldnek, fillet» frozen.. _ lb
55. 9
Sairnon, pink __ _16-oz. can.
63.2
Tuna fish, ehunk *
6-6)£-oz. can.
32.9
Dairy products:
Milk, fresh, grocery_____ ___ ...
Homogenized, with vitamin D
added __________ Qt.
23.3
Milk, fresh, delivered._____
Homogenized, with vitamin D
ridded _ ____________ cjt__ 24.8
29.7
Ice cream 8----- ------------------pt..
B utter...................................--lb .. 73.6
Cheese American process---- lb .. 58.0
Milk evaporated.. A i\io z , can.. 15.1
All fruits and vegetables:
Frozen fruits and vegetables s----Strawberries 3...... ...........10 oz.. 26.6
Orange Juice concentrate *.6 oz.. 26.3
Peas, green3 ----- -------.10 oz..
19.4
Beans, green3 3________ 9 oz.. 23.3
Fresh fruits and vegetables_____
18.1
Apples________ ______—.lb ..
Bananas------------------------ lb.. 16.7
Oranges___________ ___ -doz— 74.1
Lemons L._ --------------- lb .. 19.1
Grapefruit 38---------------each.. 15.0
Peaches311. ....... .............lb .
(8)
Strawberries • » .---- -------- pt.
32.5
Grapes, seedless 8 » ----------lb.
(8)
Watermelons 811..................lb.
(8)
76.3
Potatoes____________—10 lb ..
Sweet potatoes----------------lb_. 17.7
11.3
Onions_______ _______ lb
13.8
Carrots__ ______________ lb.
20.9
Lettuce_____ ____ ____ head
Celery 3-------------------------lb.
21.1
10.5
Cabbage................................lb.
44.4
Tomatoes8_____________ lb.
Beans, g re e n .._________ !b . 26.4
Canned fruits and vegetables___
Orange juice8_____ 46-oz. can.. 36.9
Peaches__________ #2^4 can.. 33.8
34.6
Pineapple____ _____ J2 can
Fruit cocktail8_____ #303 can.
26.1
Corn, cream style___#3d3 can. . 17.5
20.9
Peas, green------------- #303 can.
Tomatoes_______ .. #303 can .
18.0
10.0
Baby foods 8. ........... 4)4-5 oz
Dried fruits and vegetables_____
33.2
Prunes........................ ..........lb
18.2
Dried beans___ _________lb
See footnotes at end of table.

Annual
average

1957

July

831

D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able D-4. Consumer Price Index ^ U n ite d States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected

foods—Continued

Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)

Aver­
age 2
price,
May
1958

Commodity

Other foods at home:
Partially prepared foods:
Unit Cents
Soup, tomato 3____ 11-oz. can.. 12.6
Beans with pork 3...16-oz. can.. 15.1
Condiments and sauces:
Pickles, sw eet3___________ 7}ioz..27.0
21.8
Catsup, tomato 3..................... 14oz__
Beverages.......................................
(18)
Coffee........................................
Tea bags3_____ package of 16- 24.0
Cola drink 3 ___carton, 36 oz.. 27.3
Fats and oils................ .................. 86.2
Shortening, hydrogenated
3-lb. can.. 95.6
Margarine, colored............. .lb .. 29.7
L ard .................................... .lb .. 22.5
Salad dressing ...........
pt... 37.9
Peanut butter 3 .................. lb .. 54.5
Sugar and sweets....... ....................
Sugar............................... 6 lbs.. 55.8
Com syrup 3............................24oz..25.8
Grape jelly 3__ ________ 12 oz.. 27.7
5.1
Chocolate bar 3________ 1 oz..
Eggs, grade A, large............. doz.. 56.6
Miscellaneous foods'
Gelatin, flavored 3____ 3-4 oz..
9.0

1957

1958

Annual
average

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.t

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

100.4
106.7

100.3
106.6

100.1
106.3

100.0
105.9

99.1
104.9

98.5
104.6

98.3
104.4

98.5
104.1

98.7
103.6

99.6
104.2

99.9
104.1

99.7
104. 3

99. 5
103,3

99.0
103.9

98.3
103.0

100.0
96.1
181.2
169.9
124.2
120.7

100.6
96.4
182.5
171.6
124.2
120.8

100.4
97.4
184.7
175.0
124.0
120.3
85.8

100.1
98.2
184.8
175.2
123.8
120.4
86.3

99.8
97.4
183.8
173.9
123.2
120.2
86.1

100.7
96.9
183.9
174.2
122. 7
120.1
86. 1

100.5
96.3
184,7
175.4
123. 3
119.8
86.1

100.1
95.7
188.0
180.1
123. 5
119.4
86.5

100.2
96.0
192 5
186.6
123. 2
119.1
86.6

100.3
97.2
192.6
186.9
123.3
118.7
86.5

100.0
97.8
194.7
190.3
123.0
117.8
86.7

99
102
194
190
122

8 6 .2

100.8
96.3
183.4
172.9
124.2
120.7
86.1

87 1

100.0
99.2
192.7
187.4
122.9
118.1
86.8

98 8
101.6
194.0
192.0
121 2
113.0
83.1

90.9
77.7
82.7
101.0
111.5
118.4
116.2
110.2
115.7
113.2
81.1

91.0
78.0
82.6
100.6
111. 0
117.1
115.9
109.7
115.9
109.6
84.5

90. 5
78.0
82.6
101.0
110.9
113.9
115.6
108.7
115.9
100.7
90.6

90.1
77.7
82.0
100.8
110.5
113.6
115. 6
107.9
115.3
100.4
81.4

91.3
91.5
78. 1 78.0
83.2
82.6
99.7
100.7
110. 5 110.2
113.7 113.4
115.8 115.6
107.3 106.9
115.4 115. 0
100.5 100.4
87.6
95.5

90.9
77.7
84.1
99.9
110.2
113.4
115. 5
106.6
115.0
100.4
98. 1

90.9
78.0
84.3
99.7
109.9
113.3
115.4
106.6
114.7
100.4
99.6

92.7
92.0
77.9
77.7
84. 5
84.9
99.7
99.8
109.9 109.8
113 4 113.3
115. 5 115.5
106. 6 106.3
115. 1 114.7
100.4 100. 5
85.4
93.0

92.8
77.7
83.1
99.8
109.7
113.0
114.9
106.3
114.8
100.5
77.5

93.6
78.1
82.3
99.3
109. 5
112. 7
114. 2
106.2
114.7
100.5
68.8

»4 0
78. 5
83.6
99. 5
109. 7
112. 7
114 2
105.8
114. 8
100 5
69.9

93.1
78.5
83.8
99.2
109.8
112.8
114. 6
106.0
114.5
100.4
82.2

90. 6
75.6
73. 1
94.3
110.9
109.6
109. S
101.8
111.4
100. G
86.3

104.3

104.1

104.0

104.1

103.8

103.9

103.5

102.8

103.4

103.1

103.0

103.0

103.0

99. 8

—

1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
2 Based on prices in the 46 cities used in compiling the Consumer Price
Index. Average prices for each of the 20 large cities listed in table D-5 are
available upon request. Not strictly comparable with prices published for
months prior to January 1958 because of revision of outlet weights. For
explanation, see Retail Food Prices by Cities, January 1958.
3 December 1952=100.
4 Specification changed from 20 oz. to 18 oz. effective January 1958.
8 Specification changed from 10 oz to 9 oz. effective January 1958.
6 11 m onths’ average.
i May 1953=100.
8 Priced only in season.
3 January 1953=100.

103 6

6
7
6
3
9

in . a

i° 7 months’ average,
n July 1953=100.
12 3 months’ average.
13April 1953=100.
u 2 months’ average.
15 5 months’ average,
i®4 months' average.
11June 1953=100.
i* Price of 1-lb. can 92.2 cents. Price of 1-lb. bag 75.9 (priced only in chain
stores and large supermarkets).
•Not available.
fPrices collected the 9th, 10th, and 11th instead of the week containing the
15th as usual.
S ource : 17. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able D-5. Consumer Price Index 1—All items indexes for selected dates, by city
[1947-49=100]
City

May
1958

Apr.
19f 8

Mar.
1958

Feb.
1958

Jan.
1958

Dec,
1957

Nov.
1957

Oct.
1957

Sept.
1957

AUg.
1957

July
1957

June
1957

May
1957

Annual average
1957

1956

123.3

122. 5

122.3

121.6

121.6

121.1

121.1

121. 0

120.8

120 2

119.6

120.2

116. 2

(3)
(3)
124.5
127.0
(3)

124.9
124.1
0
126.8
122.3

0
0
0
126. 2
0

0
0
123.4
126.1
0

122. 4
122. i
0
125.6
120.8

(3)
0
0
125. 6
0

(8)
0
122.0
124.7
0

121.7
0
124.3
120.9

(8)
0
0
124. 1
0

(1)
0
122.1
124.1
(*)

121.2
0
122.6
119.7

(»)
(»)
122.2
0

121.0
121.2
123.3
119.6

116.9
117.1
119. 5
116.0

125. 0
124.3
123.7
(3)
125.2

(3)
124.4
(3)
123.7
125.6

(51
124.2
0
0
125.0

124.5
123.7
122.3
0
124.1

0
123.7
0
122.4
123.7

0
123. 3
0
0
122.9

123.3
123.5
122.4
0
122.9

0
122.7
0
121.8
122.2

0
122.8
0
0
122.0

122.8
123.0
122.1
0
121.2

0
123.1
0
121.7
121.1

0
122. B
0
0
121.0

121.7
121.9
121. 1
0
120.8

122.1
122.2
121. 5
121.1
121.2

118.0
118 7
117.8
117.5
117.4

Minneapolis, M inn_______
New York, N, Y _________
Philadelphia, P a..................
Pittsburgh, Pa..... ........ ........
Portland, Oreg..... ............. .

(3)
121. 1
122.9
(3)
(3)

124.1
121.2
122.9
123.8
125. 0

0
121.2
123.1
0
0

0
120. 3
122.3
0
0

123. 2
120. 0
122.2
122. 6
123.3

0
118.7
122.1
0
(«)

0
118.6
122. 1
0
0

122.2
118.4
122.0
121.1
121.9

(0)
118.3
121.9
0
0

0
118.7
121.6
0
0

121.6
118.4
121.2
120.7
122.2

0
117.9
120.1
0
0

0
117.2
119.8
0
(»)

121.1
117.6
120.8
120.2
121.7

117.0
113.9
117.0
116.5
118.0

8t. Louis, Mo___________
San Francisco, Calif.........
8cranton, P a____________
Seattle Wash
Washington, D C ......... ......

(3)
(3)
120.7
126.1
121.3

(3)
(3)
(3)
(S)
0

124.5
126.7
0

0
0
119.1
125. 0
120.3

122. 5
124.8
0
0
0

0
0
117.8
123 9
119.4

0
0
0
(!)
0

122.1
123.5
0

0
0
117.8

0
0
0

121. 3
122.8
(>)

0
0
116.4

121.2
123.1
116.9

117.2
118.4
112.9

119 1

0

117.2

118.3

111 9

United States city average A

123.6

Atlanta, Ga____________
Baltimore, M d----- ----------Boston, Mass____ ____ _
Chicago, 111__________ ___
Cincinnati, Ohio_________

(3)
(3)
(3)
127.0
(3)

Cleveland, Ohio. ........... .
Detroit. Mich___________
Houstou, Tex---- ------- -----Kansas City, Mo_________
Los Angeles, Calif........ ......

123.5

(3)

0

0
0
0
0
0

1 8ee footnote 1 and Note, table D -l. Indexes measure time-to-time
changes In prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and
elerical-worker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live
In one city than In another,
3 Average of 46 cities.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

0

0

3
Indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every 3 months on a
rotating cycle for the 15 remaining cities.
S ource : U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

832

T able D-6. Consumer Price Index l—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49=100?

Cereals and bakery products

Total food at home

City
May
1958

Apr.
1958

May
1958

M ay
1957

Apr.
1958

May
1958

May
1957

Apr.
1958

Meats, poultry, and fish

May
1957

May
1958

Apr.
1958

May
1957

United States city average 3__

121.6

121.6

114.6

120.5

120.5

113.0

132.8

132.7

130.4

116.6

115.9

103.7

Atlanta, Qa..............................
Baltimore, M d. _____ ___
Boston, Mass...........................
Chicago, 111...............................
Cincinnati, Ohio.....................-

119.5
122.7
120.2
118.5
123.3

119.4
122.5
120.4
118.4
123.3

112.4
116.0
113.8
112.0
116.4

119.2
120.2
118.3
116.5
122.0

119.2
120.0
119.0
116.5
122.0

111.0
112.8
111.3
109.9
114.8

127.1
128. 6
131.5
124.5
132.0

126.3
128.4
131.0
124.4
132.5

124.7
127.2
128.1
122.9
131.0

119.5
115.7
114.1
109.5
118.3

119.3
115.2
114.2
108.3
117.2

106.1
103.5
101.8
96.6
105.5

Cleveland, Ohio.......................
Detroit, Mich...........................
Houston, Tex...........................
Kansas City, Mo.....................
Los Angeles, Calif....................

118.6
124.0
117.2
115.2
124.0

118.5
123.1
118.2
115.5
125.2

112.7
116.8
112.2
110.1
116.9

116.9
122.5
115.8
113.7
120.6

117.0
121.6
116.8
114.1
122.3

110.6
115.0
110.0
107.8
113.5

130.0
125.7
126.6
127.6
141.6

130.1
125.6
126.6
127.6
141.3

123.6
125.0
121.2
126.5
134.1

111.7
114.3
110.7
112.7
115.5

110.9
113.1
110.7
112.3
116.4

100.5
101.3
99.2
98.1
105.1

Minneapolis, M in n ......... ......
New York, N. Y _ ............... .
Philadelphia, P a___ ____ ___
Pittsburgh, P a______ . . ._
Portland, Oreg_____ _____ _

119.6
121.9
124.0
123.2
121.7

120.0
122.1
123.4
122. 7
121.2

113.1
113.8
117.6
117.3
117.0

118.6
120.5
122.2
122.2
121.0

119.1
120.5
121.4
121.7
120.4

111.6
112.1
115.5
115.6
115.1

134.5
137.7
134.5
131.3
135.7

134.3
137.7
133.8
130. 7
135.3

129.3
135.1
132.5
129.0
131.7

110.6
117.0
117.1
114.6
118.2

109.3
116.6
116. 5
114.1
117.0

98.4
105.2
105.5
102.8
105.8

St. Louis, Mo_____ ______ _
San Francisco, C a lif......... .
Scranton, P a.................. ..........
Seattle, Wash..... .....................
Washington, D. 0 . .................

122.3
123.5
120.5
122.8
123.4

122.1
124.1
119.7
122.5
123.2

115.5
117.2
112.2
117.3
115.9

119.1
122.4
120.6
122.6
122.2

118.9
123.1
120.1
122.6
122.0

111.7
115.7
111.7
116.6
113.4

125.8
141.0
135.2
141.9
132.2

125.5
141.0
135.3
142.0
132.1

125.3
140.1
126.4
138.0
129.7

113.6
119.6
117.8
117.2
116.4

113.2
120.4
116.8
116.7
115.5

100.9
107.9
103.6
105.4
102.6

Food at home—Continued
Fruits and vegetables

Dairy products

City
May
1958

Apr.
1958

May
1957

Apr.
1958

May
1958

Other foods at home 4

May
1957

May
1958

Apr.
1958

May
1957

United States city average3......... ..................

111.8

112.5

110.0

137.4

136.6

122.5

111.5

112.4

109.9

Atlanta, Ga..... ................................................
Baltimore, M d___________ _____ ______
Boston, M ass......... —________ __________
Chicago, 111..-..................................................
Cincinnati, Ohio_______________________

113.7
117.3
108.1
111.1
115.9

113.9
117.3
113.9
111. 1
116.0

113.5
112.5
110.9
110.8
114.7

138. 6
134.5
136 9
131.0
137.7

137.7
132.0
133.5
132.0
136.7

119.0
120.0
118.8
119.2
120.7

105.1
111.4
106.6
116. 3
114.3

105.7
113.2
107.9
117.6
116.3

102.2
110.4
105.8
116.3
114.9

Cleveland, Ohio............................................ .
Detroit, M ic h ................................................
Houston, T ex ................ ......... .........— ........
Kansas City, Mo_____________________
Los Angeles, C alif-.......................................

107.8
109.2
112.2
101.8
109.0

107.7
110.2
112.6
98.7
” 108. 9

104.2
107.6
109.0
107.7
105.5

127.2
153.4
127.5
124.6
134.5

127.3
148.6
131.7
129.0
142.2

119.2
137.1
120.8
114.4
121.7

113.9
113.8
109.5
105.7
112.1

115.9
114.3
110.5
106.4
112.8

114.2
112.7
109.7
. 103.9
111.1

Minneapolis, M inn_____ ______ ________
New York. N. Y _ ..........................................
Philadelphia, Pa....... ......................................
Pittsburgh, Pa....................................... .........
Portland, Oreg................................................

104.5
112.1
115.5
114.1
117.0

104.7
114.0
115.6
114.5
117.0

104.8
108.1
114.1
111.9
117.0

138.7
134.7
141.5
138.9
127.9

141.9
132.0
135. 4
136.2
128.2

123.7
116.5
126.3
127.4
120.0

118.1
110.3
109.9
121.1
114.6

119.5
111.8
111.9
121.8
113.5

117.3
108.8
109.8
119.9
112.3

St. Louis, Mo...................................................
San Francisco, Calif........................................
Scranton, Pa___ ______________________
Seattle, Wash....... ........ ..................................
Washington, D. O...........................................

101.4
113.8
110.5
115.4
117.8

101.6
113.9
110.8
118.5
118.0

100.3
109.8
110.1
117.3
115.8

141.2
138.1
137.7
(6)
138.5

140.3
139.9
133.4
140.1
136.2

125.1
127.0
119.5
128.5
118.0

119.1
110.1
108. 8
110.4
112.4

119.5
110.8
110.7
109.4
114.3

117.5
108.2
107.1
109.6
111.0

1 See footnote l, table D -l.
2 See footnote 2, table D-2.
3 Average of 46 cities.
4 See footnote 3, table D-2.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

5
Insufficient price quotations. Fresh fruits and vegetables in short sup­
ply because of work stoppage in warehouses.
0 Corrected.
So urce:

U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

833

D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able D -7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups 1

January..
February..
March___
April____
M ay_____
June_____
J u l y ____
August___
September.
October__
November.
December

1957:
January__
February..
March___
April.........
M ay_____
June_____
J u l y ____
August___
September.
October__
November.
December.

©¿

à"? ¿

obaceo m an
f act ur es an
bottled bev<
ages

id e s , s k in
le a th e r , an
leather produ<

fa w

*rj JL
«
®©

u rn ltu re an
o th e r hou8
hold durabl

extile produc
and apparel

*0 no

CD
n

93.7
107.2
99.2
113.9
123.9
120.3
120.2
118.0
123.6
125.4
119.0

98.6
102.9
88.5
m e
119.6
116.5
116.1
116.3
119.3
127.2
129.6

91.3
103.9
104.8
110.3
122.8
123.0
126.9
128.0
136.6
148.4
151.2

92.5
100.9
106.6
108.6
119.0
121.5
123.0
124.6
128.4
137.8
146.1

95.6
101.4
103.1
105.3
114.1
112.0
114.2
115.4
115.9
119.1
122.2

93.9
101.7
104.4
106.0
113 6
113.6
118.2
120.9
124.2
120.6
134.6

97.2
100.5
102.3
103.5
109.4
111.8
115.7
120.6
121.6
122.3
126.1

100.8
103.1
96.1
96 6
104.9
108.3
97.8
102. 6
92.0
91.0
89.6

110.9

97.8
97.7
98.4
99.4

106.2
104.8
105.3
105.9

114.6
114.4
114.2
114.6

96.1
95.3
95.0
»4.7

95.3
94.9
94.7

110.8

110.5
111.0

no 5

109. 2

107.2
107.5
107.4

124.8
124.6
124.9

117.0
116.8
116.7

117.0
117.1
116.6

127.2
126.2
126.3

Î24.4
124.5
124.5

115.2
115.1
115.0

120.9
121.0
121.0

118.2
118.0
117.9

101.1
102.8
104.9

110.9
110.0
110.4
110.5
110.0
109.7
110.0
109.6

97.9
94.8
96.2
95.8
93.6
93.1
93.2
89.9

106. 8
105.0
106.5
106.4
105. 5
103. 7
103.8
103. 5

114.5
114.2
114.3
114.4
114.4
114.6
114.8
114.9

01.8
94.9
95.1
96.3
95.3
95,4
95.2
95.2

94.6
96.0
95.6
94.9
94.0
93.0
92.4
92.8
91.8

108.6
108.2
107.8
106.2
106.0
106.9
106.9
107.4
107.6

107.2
107 1
106.8
106.7
106.8
106.8
106.9
107.0
107.0

125.0
125.1
126.1
126.8
126.4
126.9
128.6
131.4
132.0

116.2
116.1
116.3
119.1
119.1
119.3
119.8
119.0
120.0

116.3
116.8
116.8
116.2
116 3

124. 4
124.4
124. 3
124. 3
124.3
124.4
124.3
125. 3
125. 7

115.6
115.5
115.4
115.3
.1 16.3
115. 3
115.6
115.6
115. 7

120 8
119.3
119.1
120. 4
120.6
121.7
121. 9
121.8
121.8

121.8
121. 4
121.4
121. 4

121. 6
121. 5
121.4
121.4

110.3
109.2
106. 1
103 9
102.8
99.1

116.3
116.0
115.9

126.8
127.1
127.1
128.0
128.6
129.1
129.7
129.0
129.8

110.1
110.4
110.0
110.5
109.9
110.3
110.5
110.9
111.7
111.6
111.2
111.3

92.6
93.1
92.1
94.2
91.2
91.8
89.5
88.1
89.3
86.8
84.1
82.9

103.8
103.2
101.6
102.5
102.1
103.9
103.1
101.9
101.5
100.2
98.8
98.2

115.2
115.7
115.6
115.7
115.5
115.6
116.5
117.5
118.5
119.0
119.4
119.8

95.2
95.2
95.3
95.0
95.0
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.6
95.6

91.9
92.3
02.2
93.2
92.9
92.9
93.7
93.8
94.0
95.3
96.4
96.7

108.5
108.7
108.5
107.4
107.0
106.8
106.4
107.2
108.0
108.0
108.6
109.3

107.1
107.1
106.8
107.1
106.8
106.8
106.0
105.9
106.0
106.5
106.6
106.6

136.8
140.6
138.0
138.3
138.0
140.3
143.4
148.7
151.7
147.8
150.6
151.0

120.3
121.2
121.4
122.4
123. 5
123.7
124.1
125.1
125.7
125.4
125.0
125.1

116.3
116.6
116.8
117.4
117.7
118.3
119.0
119.7
120.5
122.8
123.2
123.6

130.1
131.5
131.9
132.9
132.5
132.6
136.7
139.5
141.9
142.4
142.9
143.9

125.8
126.1
126.1
126.3
126.7
127.1
127.5
128.5
130.0
131.4
132.5
133.0

115.5
115. 4
115.1
115.1
116.1
115.2
115.5
116.0
116.4
116.9
117.2
117.3

122.0
121.8
121.9
122.3
123.2
123.7
125.3
126.1
126.4
126.8
125.2
125.4

121.4
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7

97.0
97.1
95.6
94.0
91.3
89.1
90.8
89.8
90.3
91.5
88.0
88.8

111.9
112.4
112.8
113.6
114.4
114.2
114.0
114.7
115.5
115.6

84.1
86.0
86.6
88.0
90.9
91.2
90.0
89.1
90.1
88.4

98.3
99.0
99.2
100.4
102.4
102.3
102.2
102.6
104.0
103.6

120.4
120.6
121.0
121.6
121.7
121.5
121.4
122. 5
123.1
123.6

96.7
97.1
97.7
100.6
100.0
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.2
99.7

111.0
111.2
110.9
110.6
110.8
110.5
110.7
110.9
111. 1
111.7

106.3
106.4
106.5
106.9
106.9
107.1
107.3
107.3
107.1

126.3
126.7
128.0
128.5
128.0
127.3
126.6
125.2
123.6

124.8
125.4
126.8
127.4
127.3
127.4
127.7
127.9
127.9

145.1
145.1
146.5
147.7
146.8
145.8
144.9
150.2
151.9

118.0
118.2
118.1
118.0
118.0
118.1
118,3
110.1
119.7

121.7
121.7
121.7
121. 7
121.6
121.6
121.7
122. 5
122.8

89.6
88.7
88.2
92.
96.1
92.9
91.3
81.1
89.9

115.9
116.3

87.9
88.9

103. 6
103.1

111.2
114.0

128.1
127.8
128.0

141.1
143.4
143.6

121.0
121.1
121.2

127.0
127.1
127.9
128.6
128.6
128.9
130. 6
130.8
131.1

152.2
152.1
152.3

133.3
133.9
134.7
135.7
136.5
136.8
136.9
137.7
139.7

107.7
108.2
108.3

148.4
147.1
146.2
145.0
143.5
142.8
143.3
146.9
145.7

124.2
124.7

95.7
96.0
95.9
95.1
94.9
94.9
94.9
94.8
94.8
95.3

116.9
117.0
116.9
117.2
117.1
117.4
118.2
118.4
118.0
117.8
118.1
118.5

89.3
88.8
88.8
90.6
89.5
90.9
92.8
93.0
91.0
91.5
91.9
92.6

104.3
103. 9
103. 7
104.3
104.9
106.1
107.2
106.8
106.5
105.5
106.5
107.4

125.2
125. 5
125.4
125.4
125.2
125.2
125.7
126.0
126.0
125.8
125.9
126.1

95.8
95.7
95.4
95.3
95. 4
95.5
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.1
95.0
94.9

98.4
08.0
98.4
"98.6
«98.9
«99.8
«100.6
« 100. 3
« 100.0
« 100.1
« 100.0
99.5

116.3
119. 6
119.2
119.5
118.5
117. 2
116.4
116.3
116.1
115.8
115.7
116.2

108.7
108.8
108.8
109.1
109.1
109.3
109.5
109.8
110.2
110.4
110.3
110.6

1.45.0
143.9
144.3
144.5
144.7
145.1
144.9
146.9
146.5
146.2
144. 7
145.7

121. 3
120.7
120.1
120.2
119.7
119.7
119.3
118.6
117.8
117.3
116.9
116.3

128.6
128.5
128.7
128.6
128.9
128.9
129.5
129.9
130.1
130.9
130. 9
131.0

152. 2
151. 4
151.0
150.1
150.0
150.6
152.4
153.2
152.2
150.8
150.4
« 150.5

143.9
144.5
144,8
145.0
145.1
145.2
145.8
146.2
146.9
147.7
149.2
149.4

121.9
121.9
121.9
121.5
121.6
121.7
122.2
122.4
122.3
122.6
122.7
123.5

132.0
132.7
133.2
134.6
135.0
135.1
135.2
135.3
135. 2
135.3
135. 4
135.7

124.0
124.1
124.1
124.5
124. 5
124.7
127.7
127.7
127. 7
127.7
127.8
128.0

93. 2
92.4
92.0
91. 4
89.4
87.3
88.8
90.1
89.4
87.7

93.7 109.5
96.1 109.9
100.5 110.7
*97.7 *111.5
98.4 112.9

126.1
125.7
125.7
*125. 5
125.3

94.6
94.1
94.0
93.7
93.5

99.5
99.6
99.5
99.7'
100.0

116.1
113.6
112.4

no. 8

145.1
144.6
144.6
*144.5
143.8

116.3
115.8
115. 5
115.7
115.9

130.8
130. 8
130. 5
130.5
130.6

«

150. 0
150.1
149.8
*148. 6
148.6

149.4
149.3
149.2
149.4
149.3

123.8
123.6
123. 5
123.4
123.2

136.4
136. 5
135.3
*135.4
135.7

128.1
128.1
128.0
128.0
128.0

88.3
89.3
94.3
*97.8
96.2

no 5
.

1958:
January__ 118.9
February.. 119.0
119.7
March___
April . . . . *119.3
May 2____ 119.5

95.4
95.6

99.8
99.2

.

111.0

110.3

110.6
110.7
*111.0
110.8

1 As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were intro­
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
2 Preliminary.
• Corrected.
‘Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

145.8
146.9
147.9

122.0
121.5
121.0

ne a
.

fa

131.5
131.2
131.3

products

[iB c eliane oi

99.0
102.1
98.9
120.5
148.0
134.0
125.0
126.9
143.8
145.8
145.2

PH

o n m e %a ¡ 1
minerals—stn
turai

101.4
103.8
94.8
96.3
110.0
104.5
105.7
107.0
106.6
107.2
109.5

«

uip, paper, ar
tilled product

90.9
107.1
101.9
103.0
106.7
106.6
109. 5
108.1
107.9
111.2
117.2

O”

! L u m b e r an
1 wood product
1

101.0
102.1
96.9
104.6
120.3
97.2
98.5
94.2
93.8
99.3
99.4

ubber and ru
her products

100.1
104.4
95.6
99.2
110.6
99.8
97.3
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4

Ph

h e m lc a lsa n
tilled product!

95.3
103.4
101.3
105.0
115.9
113.2
114.0
114.5
117.0
1.22.2
125.6

uel. power, at
lighting mat
rials

Machinery an
motive product

1956:

W

03

98.2
106.1
95.7
99.8
111.4
108.8
104.6
105.3
101.7
101. 7
105.6

a,

1955:

January__
February.
M arch..’. . .
April____
M ay_____
June_____
July_____
August___
September.
October__
November.
December.

fa

A

Metals and mel
products

1954:
January__
February..
March___
April.........
M ay_____
June........
Ju ly ..........
August___
September.
October__
November.
December-

<

’S ¿

100.0
107.3
92.8
97.5
113.4
107.0
97.0
95.6
89.6
88.4
90.9

a
8

fa

1947...............
1948..............
1049. ............
1950...............
1951...............
1952..............
1953......... .
1954 ......... ..
1955 ...........
1956. —..........
1957 ............

2

1947- 49 = 100)

96.4
104.4
99.2
103.1
114.8
111.6
110.1
110.3
110.7
114.3
117.6

S

arm products

Y ear and
month

SB

11 comm oditi
other than far
and foods

s
Io

rocessed foods

[

»

121.5

123.1
123.5
123.6

96.7
37.0
98.0

Í

89.2
91,2
91.7

8 6 .8

87.2

N ote : For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Soukce : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

834

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

T able D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 12
[1947-48=100]
1958

Commodity group
M a y 3 Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

119.7

119.0

118.9

118.5

118.1

117.8

118.0

118.4

118.2

117.4

117.1

117.6

114.3

100.5
96.1
93.7
143.1 127.9 121.2
82.2
79.9
79.0
95.8
91.1
86.2
101.7 102.8 103.4
95.7 « 98.0 «98.3
93.6
74.2
73.9
79.4
79.0
79.2
143.4 142.2 143.7

92.6
108.3
80.5
82.6
103. 7
99.0
93.4
78.6
142.5

91.9
106.3
80.9
79.3
104.7
99.4
100.1
77.6
144.1

91.5
107.7
80.6
78 4
103.3
98.8
103.5
77.3
141.6

91.0
98.9
81.2
81.5
102.9
96.9
91.2
78.0
143.2

93.0
106.3
82.4
86.7
104.0
94.9
79.7
81.3
142.9

92.8
108.0
82.7
86.5
105.0
93 1
76.2
82.4
142.9

90.9
105.4
83.9
83.5
104.8
92.0
61.0
83.3
145.7

89.5
109.0
85.4
78.7
104.3
92.2
57.5
84.4
144.1

90.9
103.6
84.1
80.2
104.0
96.0
77.2
82.0
144.6

88.4
104.2
87.0
71.3
102.8
94, 5
81.9
82.6
146.9

112.9 *111.5
117.8 118.4
112.8 108.5
110.8 111.4
108.1 *107. 6
116.1 115.7
168.4 168.4
72.6 *72.3
64.1
64.0
70.9
70.9
85.2
85.1
96.9
97.1

110.7
117.8
105.9
113.4
106.8
114.4
168.4
73.7
63.6
70.9
85.8
96.4

109.9
118.1
102.7
114.2
105.7
115.6
173.3
70.4
66.4
70.9
86.3
95.2

109.5
118.0
101. 7
114.2
105.6
115.2
173.3
68.5
67.7
70.9
86.4
95.5

107.4
118.3
95.5
114.7
104. 6
114.3
173.3
70.4
67.1
70. 9
85.5
96.3

106.5
117.6
93.6
114.5
103.8
114. 4
172.9
71.1
65.2
68.5
84.7
96.6

105.5
117.3
91.6
113 7
103.6
113.8
172.9
74.0
61.5
68.5
84.7
96.0

106.5
116.7
95.7
112.4
102. 5
113.9
178.3
78.3
61.3
64.5
84.1
96.0

106.8
116.7
97.7
110.3
102.1
113.8
183.7
74.4
62,3
66.1
84.1
95.1

107.2
117.7
99.2
108.2
102.3
114.3
183.7
76.2
65.3
66.9
84.3
94.8

106.1
117.0
96.6
108.1
101.9
113.5
183.7
72.1
63.8
65.5
84.9
95.4

104.9
116.5
91.5
110.7
103.6
112.8
183.7
70.3
62.9
65.4
85.2
95.3

105.6
116.9
91.9
111.7
103.9
113.4
183.1
75.6
65.7
70.1
86.1
95.5

101.7
115.2
81.6
108.6
107.9
109.8
192.7
69.8
68.5
73. 4
85.3
96,8

All commodities other than farm and foods.. 125.3 *125. 5

125.7

125. 7

126.1

126.1

125.9

125.8

126.0

126.0

125.7

125.2

125.2

125.6

122.2

93.5
Textile products and apparel___________
88.3
Cotton products____________________
Wool products_____________________ . 100.5
Manmade fiber textile products___ ____ 80.3
Silk products_____________________.... 116.1
99.1
Apparel.___ ___________ ___________
Other textile products________________ 75.4

93.7
88.5
101.6
80.5
116.5
99.2
*75.4

94.0
89.0
102.8
81.0
116.1
99.3
73.8

94.1
89.3
103.8
81.2
117. 5
99.2
74.2

94.6
90.2
105.1
81.3
119.5
99.4
74.7

94.9
90.2
105. 8
82.1
119.5
99.6
75.8

95.0
89.8
107.4
82.3
119.6
99.6
76.7

95.1
89.9
108.3
82.3
120.0
99.6
77.2

95.4
90.0
110.3
82.3
121.1
99.7
77.2

95.4
90.2
111.2
82.1
122.0
99.6
75.7

95.4
90.5
111. 3
81.9
121.5
99.5
75.8

95.5
90.6
111.5
81.9
122. 4
99.5
76.8

95.4
90.7
110.9
81.8
124.7
99.5
76.9

95.4
90.7
109.5
82.0
122.1
99.6
76.4

95.3
93.0
103. 7
81.4
121. 9
99. 6
72.8

99.7
Hides, skins, leather, and leather products. 100.0
55.4
53.3
Hides and skins._____ ______________
91.1
91.1
Leather_______ ______ ___________ _
Footwear_________ _______________ 122.0 *121.9
97.6 *97.6
Other leather products_______________

99.5
51.2
91.0
122.1
97.5

99.6
51.2
90.6
122.2
98. 5

99.5
99.5 «100.0 «100.1 «100. 0 «100. 3 «100.6 «99.8 «98.9
53.8
56.8
58.2
50.5
50.3
61. 5 62.1
59 4 55.8
91.2
90.8
91.2
91.6
92.2
90.7
91.6
88.8
91.1
122.1 122.0 «122. 0 «121. 8 «121.0 «121.0 «121.0 «120. 9 «120. 8
98.4
98.4
98.5
98.5 «98.4 «98.7
98.2
97.5
97.3

99.4
55.2
90.2
121.1
98.0

99 3
fiQ 2
91.2
119.3
98.6

Fuel, power, and lighting materials______
Coal__________ _______ __________ _
Coke......................................................... .
Gas fuels *....... ............... .................. ......
Electric power4_____________________
Petroleum and products______________

110.3 111.0
119.7 *119. 8
161.9 161.9
98.3
98.1
100.0 100.0
114.7 115.8

112.4
126.2
161.9
101.1
100.1
117.0

113.6
126.2
161.9
101. 5
100.1
118.9

116.1
126.1
161. 9
100.0
100.0
123.0

116.2
126.3
161. 9
0
0
123.5

115.7
125.8
161.9
(5)
0
123.5

115.8
125.6
161.9
0
(*)
124.6

116.1
124.8
161.9
0
(!)
125.6

116.3
124.4
161.9
0
(!)
125. 5

116.4
124.0
161.9
(»)
0
126.4

117.2
123.3
161. 9
0
0
128.4

118.5
123 3
161.9
0
(!)
129.8

117.2
124.4
161.7
0
0
127.0

111 2
114. 5
149. 7
0
0
118.2

Chemicals and allied products__________
Industrial chemicals_________________
Prepared paint___ _______________
Paint materi als______________ ______.
Drugs and pharmaceuticals........... ...........
Fats and oils, inedible_____ _________
Mixed fertilizer..................................... .
Fertilizer materials___ ____ . . . ____
Other chemicals and allied products.......

110.8 *111.0
123.9 124.3
128.4 128.4
103.9 *104.0
94.1 *94.1
61.2
62.2
111.4 111.5
110. 3 110.3
107.2 *107.2

110.7
123.7
128.4
104.4
*94.0
64.2
111.6
110.3
106.8

110.6
123.6
128.4
104.7
93.6
62.9
111.9
110. 4
106.9

110.8
123.9
128.4
104.8
93.6
63.1
112.2
110.7
106.9

110.6
123.9
128.4
101.7
93.5
65.4
112.1
107.8
106.9

110.3
123.6
128.1
101.6
93.4
65.2
112.3
107. 7
106.6

110.4
123.6
128. 1
102.2
93.4
64.8
112.1
¡07.6
106.8

110.2
123.5
128.1
101.5
93.5
64.5
112.0
106.4
106.7

109.8
123. 6
128.1
100.5
93.4
63.4
110. 5
106.5
105.5

109.5 109.3
123.5 124.0
128. 1 125. 5
99.9
99.7
93.4
93.4
61.0
60.2
108.3 108.3
106.3 106.3
105.4 105.0

109.1
123.6
124.7
99.8
93.3
59.2
108.4
107.2
105.2

109.5
123.5
126.3
100.5
93.3
61.4
110.0
106.8
105.7

107.2
121. 4
120.0
99.6
92.1
56.2
108. 7
108. 4
103.2

Rubber and rubber products___________
Crude rubber_______________________
Ttres and tu b e s ...___ ________ _____
Other rubber products.............................

143.8 *144.5
127.7 131.2
152.1 152.1
143.0 *143.0

144.6
131.3
152.1
143.3

144.6
131.2
152.1
143.3

145.1
133.7
152.1
143.3

145.7 144. 7
135. 7 131.6
153. 5 «153. 5
142.7 142.3

146.2
138.1
153. 5
142.5

146.5
140.3
153. 5
142.2

146.9
144.3
153.5
140.8

144.9
145.0
149.0
140.0

145.1
145.9
149.0
139.9

144.7
144.0
149.0
139.9

145.2
141.3
150.9
140.9

145.8
146. 7
152. 2
138.0

All commodities............................... ............

119.5 *119.3

Annual
Average

1957

Farm products..... ....................... - ................ 98.4 *97.7
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables__ 123.4 *130.4
84.2
85.7
Grains_______________ ____ _______ ..
94.5
Livestock and live poultry____________ 99.8
Plant and animal fibers...____ _______ 101.6 101.4
Fluid m ilk ..._______________________ 90.0 *91.7
]£ggS__
75.7
77.1
79.7
79.9
Hay, hayseeds, and oil seed s............... .
Other farm products................................... 142.0 142.3
Processed foods....................... ..................
Cereal and bakery products....................
Meats, poultry, and fish______________
Dairy products and ice cream_________
Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables..
Sugar and confectionery______________
Packaged beverage materials_________
Animal fats and oils------ ------ -------------Crude vegetable oils________________
Refined vegetable oils _______ _______
Vegetable oil end products_________ .
Other processed foods................. ............ .

Lumber and wood products____________ 115.9
116. 7
Lumber_________ _______________
Millwork___________________ ______ _ . 127. 6
92.2
Plywood__ _____ ______ _________

115.7
115.9
127.6
94.4

115.5
115.9
127.6
92.9

115.8
116.2
127.6
93.6

116.3 116.3
116. 5 116. 4
127.7 127.7
95.6
95.6

116.9
117.1
128.0
96.4

117.3
117.5
128.3
96.9

117.8
118.3
128 3
94.7

118.6
119.4
128. 3
95.2

119.3
120.0
128.3
96.9

119.7
120.4
128.5
97.7

119.7
120.6
128.3
96.8

119.0
119.7
128.3
96.4

125. 4
127. 2
129.1
101.7

Pulp, paper, and allied products........... ......
Vfoodpulp. ___________________ ___
Wastepaper_______________________
Paper_____________________________
Paperboard____________ __ __________
Converted paper and paperboard products............... ...........................................
Building paper and board____________

. 130.6
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0

130. 5
121.2
75.3
142.9
136.1

130.5
121.2
75.3
143.0
136.2

130. 8
121.2
83.6
143.1
136.3

130.8
121.2
83.6
143.2
136.3

131.0
121.2
88.5
143.2
136.6

130.9
121. 2
88.5
143.3
136.6

130.9
121.2
88.5
143.2
136.6

130.1
118.0
88.5
143.2
136.2

129.9
118.0
74. 7
143.2
136.2

129.5
118.0
68.0
142. 8
136.2

128.9
118.0
66.1
142.4
136.2

128.9
118.0
66.1
142.4
136.2

129.6
118.8
77.2
141.9
136.3

127.2
117.7
112.3
137. 3
134. 8

128.0
144.1

127.2
144.1

127.2
142.5

127. 2
141.7

127.2
141.7

127.2
141.7

127.0
141. 7

127.0
141. 7

126.5
141.7

126.5
141.7

126.1
141.7

125.3
141.7

125.3
141.7

126.1
141.5

123.1
136.9

Metals and metai pro ducts....___ _____
Iron and steel_______________________
Nonferrous metals___________________
Metal containers-_____ ______________
Hardware__________________ _______
Plumbing equipment________________
Heating equipment......... ...........................
Fabricated structural metal products___
Fabricated nonstructural metal products.

148.6
166. 2
124.0
155.7
170.7
123.6
121.1
134.1
145.9

*148. 6
166.4
*124.1
155.7
169.0
123.6
*121.1
*134.1
*145. 9

149.8 *150.1 «150.0 «150. 5
167.3 167.6 166.6 166. 5
127.0 127.8 128.7 130. 6
155.7 152.8 152.8 153.1
168.9 168.6 168.4 168.1
124.8 125.9 127.3 128.5
121.0 121.6 121.8 121. 5
134.5 134.7 134.6 134. 6
146.7 146.7 «147. 0 «147. 7

150.4
166. 5
130.8
153.1
167. 4
128.5
122.1
134.6
147.0

150.8
167.8
129.9
153.1
167.4
128.5
122. 3
134.6
147.1

152.2
170.2
131.7
153.1
167 2
128.9
122.3
134.9
147.1

153.2
171.2
134.6
153.1
165.9
129.0
122.3
135.6
146.6

152.4
170.3
134.1
152.8
164. 5
129.1
122.8
134. 5
145.3

150.6
165. 4
138.1
152. 5
164.3
129.1
121.9
131.7
143.1

150.0 151.2
162.9 166.2
139.9 137.4
152. 5 151.2
164. 3 164.9
130.1 130.2
121. 4 122.1
132. 2 133.8
143.3 «144. 8

148.4
154. 7
156. 1
141.6
155.9
133. 9
119.0
132.6
135.1

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

835

D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 12—Continued
[1947-49—1001
1958

Commodity group

Annual
average

1957

M ay3 Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

1957

1956

149.3 149.4
138.3 *138.5
165.5 165.4
170.7 170.7

149.2
138.3
165.4
170.7

149.3
138.3
165.6
170.7

149.4
138.4
165.6
171.2

149.4
138.3
165.3
171.3

149.2
137.3
165.2
171.3

147.7
136.2
164.9
170.6

146.9
133.4
162.9
168.9

146.2
132. 5
161.4
167.0

145 8
132.3
157.9
166.1

145. 2
132.3
157.6
165.6

145.1
132.3
157.6
165.6

146.1
133.6
160.0
167.0

137. 8
127.6
148.6
150.4

159.8
147.6
151.9
139.0

*159.6
*149.0
*151. 8
*139.0

159.4
148.9
151. 3
139.1

159.8
148.8
151.3
139.1

160.8 160.8 160. 8 159.5
148.8 ”148. 4 ”148.1 ”147. 5
151.2 151.1 151.2 151.0
139.1 139.1 138.7 135.5

158.5
147.3
151.1
134.8

158.0
146.3
149.6
134.7

157.4
144.5
149.5
134.7

156.5
143.9
148.2
134.7

156.0
143.8
148.2
134.7

157.6
145.2
149.0
135.4

147.5
137.0
138.4
129.8

Furniture and other household durables__
Household furniture_________________
Commercial furniture. ............ ...... ..........
Floor covering..... ........................................
Household appliances.............. ................
Television, radio receivers, and phono­
graphs.....................................................
Other household durable goods..... ...........

123.2 123.4
122.8 122.8
154.2 154.2
128.9 *128.9
104.9 105.3

123.5
122.8
154. 2
129.8
105.3

123.6
123.3
154.2
130.1
105.3

123.8
123.1
154,1
131.9
105.4

123.5
122.8
154.1
132.6
105.4

122.7
122.8
153.8
132.5
105.1

122.6
122.6
153.6
132.5
105.4

122.3
122.5
153.6
132.5
104.6

122.4
122.9
153.6
132.5
104.7

122.2
122.8
153.6
132.5
104.9

121.7
122.4
147.3
133.8
105.2

122.4
147.3
133.8
105.1

121.6

122.2
122. 5
150.4
133.4
105.5

119.1
119.0
141.8
131.1
105.5

94.7
94.3
155.1 *155.1

94.7
155.0

94.7
155.0

95.4
155.0

95.8
153.1

95.6
149.5

95.6
148.8

95.6
148.3

95.6
148.2

94.8
147.9

93.4
147.9

93.1
147.7

94.4
148.3

93. 1
140.9

Nonmetallic minerals—-structural................
Flat glass_________ ___________ ____
Concrete ingredients_________________
Concrete products___________________
Structural clay products........................ .
Gypsum products......................................
Prepared asphalt roofing______________
Other nonmetallic minerals______ ____

135.7 *135.4
135.7 135.7
139.0 138.9
128.4 *128.0
155.5 155. 5
133.1 133.1
108.6 105.6
131.2 *131.2

135.3
135.7
138.7
128,0
155. 5
133.1
105.6
131.1

136.5 136.4 135.7
135.7 135.7 135. 7
139.0 138.9 136.9
127.9 127.8 127.2
155. 5 °155. 5 ”155.3
127.1 127.1 127.1
124.6 124.6 124.6
131.1 131.1 131.1

135.4
135. 7
136.9
126.7
155.1
127.1
124.6
128.6

135.3
135.7
136.9
126.5
155.1
127. 1
124.6
128.5

135.2
135.7
136.7
126.3
155.0
127.1
124.6
128.6

135.3
135. 7
136. 5
126.4
155.0
127.1
125.8
128.4

135.2
135.7
136.4
126.4
155.1
127.1
125.8
128.3

135.1
135.7
135.8
126.7
155.1
127.1
125.8
128.3

135.0
135.7
135.7
126.7
155.0
127.1
125.8
128.3

134.6
135.7
136.0
126.4
154.0
127.1
122.3
128.0

129.6
133.4
130.6
123.0
148.0
127.1
111.7
123.4

Tobacco manufactures and bottled bev­
erages...................................................
Cigarettes__________________________
Cigars.............................. ...........................
Other tobacco manufactures........... .........
Alcoholic beverages__________________
Nonalcoholic beverages_______________

128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3

128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3

128.0
134.8
106.0
139.7
120.3
149.3

128.1
134.8
106.0
144.3
120.3
149.3

127.8
134.8
105.1
144.3
119.8
149.3

127.7
134.8
105.1
144.3
119.6
149.3

127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3

127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3

127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3

124.7
124.0
105.1
134.9
119.6
149.3

124.5
124.0
105.1
127.7
119.6
149.3

126.1
129.4
105.0
136.0
119.5
149.2

122.3
124.0
104.2
122.8
115.8
148.3

Miscellaneous products________________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, and
ammunition______________________
Manufactured animal feeds___________
Notions and accessories......___ _____
Sewelry, watches, and photographic
equipment..._____________________
Other miscellaneous products_________

96.2

*97.8

94.3

89.3

88.3

87.2

86.8

87.7

89.4

90.1

88.8

87.3

89,4

89.6

91.0

119.1 *119.1
78.0
80.9
97.5
97.5

119.1
74.6
97.5

119.5
65.7
97.5

119.4
64.0
97.4

118.0
62.1
98.5

117.9
61.4
97.8

117.9
63.2
97.4

118.2
66.4
97.4

117.8
68.2
97.4

117.5
66.0
97.4

117.5
63.4
97.4

117.5
67.2
97.4

117.7
67.3
97.3

119.1
72.0
95.3

107.3
132.4

107.4
131.9

107.3
131.7

107.1
131.5

107.7
130.9

107.7
130.9

107.6
130. 7

107.6
130.1

107.2
129.4

106.8
128.8

106.8
127.2

107.6
126.8

107.5
128.4

104.9
124.1

Machinery and motive products_________
Agricultural machinery and equipment...
Construction machinery and equipment..
Metalworking machinery and equipment.
General purpose machinery and equip­
ment __ ____________________. . . .
Miscellaneous machinery_____________
Electrical machinery and equipment___
Motor vehicles______________________

107.3
132.4

128.1
134.8
106.0
144.3
120.3
149.3

1 See Note, table D-7.
* As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were intro­
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
3Preliminary.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

128.0
134. 8
105.1
144.3
120.3
149.3

*January 1958=100.
5 Not available.
•Revised.
” Corrected.
S ource : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

836

T able D-9. Indexes of wholesale prices, by economic sectors1
[1947-49=100]
Annual
average

1957

1958
Commodity group

M a y 2 Apr. Mar. Feb.

Jan.

Dec. Nov.

Oct. Sept. Aug. July

June May

1957

1956

All commodities.

119.5 *119.3 119.7 119.0 118.9 118.5 118.1 117.8 118.0 118.4 118.2 117,4 117.1 117.6 114.3

Crude materials for further processing__________________
Crude foodstuffs and feedstufls........................................
Crude nonfood materials except f u e l..............................
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for manu­
facturing______________ ____________________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for con­
struction___________________________________
Crude fu e l..............................................................................
Crude fuel for manufacturing......................................
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing In dustry...........

101.6 *100.3 101.5 99.5 97.5 96.4 95.3 95.3 97.0 99.6 99.7 98.8 96.5 97.2 95.0
97.6 »95.4 96.7 93.2 90.3 88.5 86.8 86.1 87.3 90.3 90.4 89.1 86.9 87.7 84.0
106.0 106.3 107.1 107.9 107.6 107,7 108.1 109.9 112.6 1,15.0 115.2 115.0 112.0 112.5 114.2

Intermediate materials, supplies, and com ponents............
Intermediate materials and components for manu­
facturing............................................... ..............................
Intermediate materials for food manufacturing—
Intermediate materials for nondurable manu­
facturing.......................................................................
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing.
Components for manufacturing.................................
Materials and components for construction-------------Processed fuels and lubricants.........................................
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing..
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufactur­
ing Industry........................... .....................................
Containers, nonretumable________________________
Su pplies.................................................................................
Supplies for manufacturing........................................ .
Supplies for nonmanufacturing In d u stry...............
Manufactured animal feeds________________
Other supplies_______ ______ _____________ _
Finished goods (goods to users, Including raw foods and
fuels)............................................................................................
Consumer finished goods.....................................................
Consumer foods______________________________
Consumer crude foods----- ------------ -------------Consumer processed foods____________ ____ _
Consumer other nondurable goods_____________
Consumer durable goods__________ ____________
Producer finished goods........................ ............................
Producer goods for manufacturing Industries.........
Producer goods for nonmanufacturing Industries..

104.2 »104.4 105.3 106.3 105.9 106.2 106.6 108.5 111.5 114.1 114.3 114.2 110.9 111.5 113.6
139.0
117.9
117.6
118.3

138.9
»117.9
*117. 7
»118.3

138.7
123.4
123.0
124.1

139.0
123.5
123.1
124.2

138.9
123.0
122.6
123.6

136.9
122.4
122.1
123.0

136.9
120.5
120.2
121.0

136.9
119.0
118.7
119.4

136.7
118.6
118.4
118.9

136. 5
118.0
117.8
118.2

136.4
118.0
117.9
118.3

135.8
118.1
117.9
118.3

135.7
119.3
119,2
119.6

136.0
119.7
119.4
120.1

130.6
113.3
113.0
113.7

124.9 »125.1 125.0 125.0 125.4 125.4 125.3 125.2 125.4 125.5 125.2 124.6 124.7 125.1 122.1
126.8 126.9 127.1 127.3 127.5 127.6 127.5 127.3 127,4 127.4 127.1 126.2 126.2 126.9 123.7
103.5 *103.2 102.4 102.5 102.4 101.6 100.8 99.6 99.6 99.5 100.1 99.2 98.6 99.9 98.0
104. 6 105.0
152.9 152.9
148.7 *148. 5
132.0 »131.8
104.6 105.4
104.2 105.0

105.2
153.5
148.8
131.9
106.1
105.7

105.4
153.6
149.1
132.6
107.7
107.2

105.7
153.8
149.3
133.0
111. 1
109.9

105.8
154.2
149.3
132.9
111.4
110.2

105.8
154.2
149.2
133.0
111. 1
109.9

106.0
154.2
148.9
133.0
111.5
110.0

106.0
154.3
149.4
133.1
112.0
110.3

105.9
154. 7
148.8
133.4
112. 6
111.0

105.8
153.8
148.3
133.3
112.7
110.9

105.9
151.6
147.7
132.6
113.3
111.3

105.6
152.0
148.0
132.6
114.3
112.3

105.7
153.2
148.3
132. 9
113. 0
111.2

104.3
148.6
142.9
132.0
106.7
105.3

105.4 106.2
137.5 137.1
116. 6i 117.3
140.5 »140. 6
105.1 106.1
76.9 79.8
121.7 *121.6

107.0
137.0
115.5
140.4
103.7
73.4
121.5

108.7
136.3
113.2
140.7
100. 5
65.1
121.3

113.1
136.4
112.7
140.6
99.9
63.5
121.3

113.5
136.6
112.4
140.6
99.5
62.0
121.6

113.3
135.5
112.1
140.6
99.2
61.2
121.5

114.1
135.3
112.3
140.2
99.7
62.6
121.4

114.9
134.9
112.6
138.5
100.9
66.0
121.3

115.4
134.8
112.5
136.9
101.5
67.9
121.1

115.7
134.5
111.7
137.0
100.2
65.6
120.4

116.8
134.1
110.9
136. 7
99.1
63.6
119.9

117.9
134.1
112.0
136.7
100.8
67.8
120.0

116.0
134.3
112.5
137.6
101.1
67.6
120.7

109.1
128.5
111.3
132.9
101.6
72.9
118.2

120.9
113.7
111.9
105.9
*113. 3
111.1
*124.8
150.1
*154. 7
146.3

121.4
114.4
113.1
117.3
112.4
111.5
124.9
150.0
154.5
146.3

120.6
113.3
110.1
105.8
111. 1
111.8
124.9
150.1
154.6
146.3

120.6
113.3
109.2
102.8
110.6
112.5
125.1
150.1
154.6
146.3

119.9
112.5
107.2
104.0
108.0
112.6
124.9
150 1
154. 5
146.3

119.6
112.2
106.8
105.4
107.3
112.3
124.7
149.8
154.1
146.1

119.0
111.8
106.2
106.9
106.3
112.4
123.5
148.4
152.7
144.9

118.8
111.6
106.0
98.6
107.6
112.4
123.0
147.8
152.3
144.1

118.6
111.6
106.2
96.1
108 2
112.2
123.1
147.2
151.9
143.2

118.5
111.6
106.2
94.9
108.4
112.2
122.9
146.4
151.1
142.6

117.6
110.7
104.2
88.1
107.2
112.0
122.7
145.5
150.1
141.6

117.4
110. 5
103.1
88.4
105.9
112.6
122.7
145.5
160.1
141.6

118.1
111. 1
104.5
95.0
106.4
112.4
123.3
146.7
151.2
142. 9

114.0
108.0
101.0
96.2
102.1
109.9
119.7
138,1
142,2
134.9

121.0
113.9
112.5
102.4
114.7
110.9
124.7
149.9
154.6
145.9

t As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were introduced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the Bureau.
a Preliminary. »Revised.

N oth : For a description of these series, see New BLS Economic Sector
Indexes of Wholesale Prices, Monthly Labor Kevlew, December 1955 (p. 1448).
Source : U . 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able D -10. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[1947-49=100]

M ay2 Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan.
All foods............................- ......................................................
AH fish......................................................................................
Special metals and metal products____________________
Metalworking machinery_____ ______________________
Machinery and equipment....................................................
Agricultural machinery (Including tractors)........................
Total tractors..... ............................................... ............. ........
Bteel-mlll products..................................................................
Building materials _______________________________
Soaps..'.------------------------------------ -------------------------Synthetic detergents...............................................................
Refined petroleum products. ........................................... —
East Coast petroleum.................... ............................... .
Mid-continent petroleum.................................. ............
Gulf Coast petroleum.......................................................
Pacific Coast petroleum.................................................
Pulp, paper and products, excl. bldg, paper........................
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes.................... .......................
Lumber and wood products, excl. millwork........................
All commodities except farm products....................... ........

111.7 111.2
128.6 »122.9
146.1 *146.1
178.0 178.0
154.9 155.0
138.7 *138.8
146.8 147. 0
183.1 183.1
129. 2 *129.0
109.0 *109.0
101.0 101.0
111.1 112.5
108. 6 111.0
108.7 110.8
114.3 114.3
116.4 117.7
130.2 130.2
117.2 *117.4
114.3 114.0
123.0 123.0


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May

112.4 109.5 108.6 106.7 106.1
124.8 126.9 123.7 126.6 121.2
146.9 147.1 147.0 147.4 147.3
178.0 »178.0 »178.6 178.7 178.7
154.8 154.9 155.0 154.9 154.9
138.7 138.7 138.7 »138. 7 137.8
147.3 147.5 147.5 *147. 4 »146.4
183.1 183.2 183.2 183.2 183.2
129. 4 130.1 130.3 130.1 130.1
107.1 107.1 107.1 107.2 107.2
101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0
113.9 116.1 121.0 121.5 121.6
112.3 114.1 116.7 116.7 117.2
110.7 114.3 120.7 120.7 120.7
117.2 117.4 123.5 123.0 123.0
120.4 124.1 127.7 130.5 130.5
130.2 130.6 130.6 130.8 130.7
125.5 125.5 125.5 125.6 125.0
113.7 114.1 114.7 114.7 115.4
123.0 122.9 123.1 122.8 122.8

1 As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were Intro­
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
2Preliminary. »Revised. « Corrected.

Annual
average

1957

1958

Commodity group

105.4
119.3
146.7
178.3
154.3
136.6
145.1
183.2
130.2
107,2
101.0
123.0
117.2
120.7
126.7
130.5
130.6
124.0
115. 7
122.2

105.2
120.0
147.4
177.9
153.5
133.4,
142.7
183.0
130.9
107.0
101.0
124.1
117.2
121.8
126.7
135.9
129.9
123.2
116.3
122.5

105.4
116.0
148.1
177.8
152.4
132.6
141.5
183.0
131.2
103.8
98.2
124.0
118.6
121 2
126.7
135.9
129.6
121.2
117.2
122.6

105.7
119.9
147.5
176.0
151.7
132.4
139.3
182.9
131. 4
103.8
98.2
125.0
121.2
121.7
127.9
135.9
129.2
119.1
118.0
122.4

103.7
117.2
146.2
175.0
150.9
132.6
139.3
175.6
130.7
103.6
97.9
127.3
123.7
126.2
129.2
135.2
128.6
117.2
118.4
121.8

102.8
117.0
145.8
174.9
150.7
132.5
139.3
175.7
130.7
103.6
97.9
129.0
125.0
128.4
131.0
135.2
128.6
116.1
118. 5
121.7

1957

1956

104.0
119.4
146.9
176.1
151.9
133.7
141.3
178.9
130.6
104.5
99.0
125.8
122.0
124.3
128.8
132.3
129.3
121.5
117.7
122.1

100.8
114.1
143.3
165. 0
142.1
127.4
132.5
163.2
130.6
99.7
95.1
117.5
114.6
118.3
118.8
117.4
127.0
115.4
124.9
118.3

N ora: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S ource : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

837

E: WORK STOPPAGES

E.—Work Stoppages
T able E - l . Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Number of stoppages

Workers involved in stoppages

Man-days Idle during month
or year

Month and year
Beginning in
month or year

1 9 3 6 -3 9 (average)______________________________________________________
1 9 4 7 -4 9 (average)__________________ _______ ________ ______ 1 9 4 6 .___1 ...........
' ................................................................................................ ..
1 9 4 6 _____________________ ______________________ ________________________
1947.............................................................................................................................. ..
1 9 4 8 ....................... ................................................ ................ ...................................................
1 9 4 9 . ________ ________________________ _________ ________________________
1 9 5 0 . ......................................... .................................................. ..................................................

In ©fleet dur­
ing month

Beginning in
month or year

In eflect dur­
ing month

Number

Percent of esti­
mated work­
ing time

1 9 6 2 .....................................................
1953 ...
. ........... ........................
1954
.............................
! 955 ____ .. ____ ______________________ ___________________ __________
1966 __ _______________ ____ _______ ______ . .. .
_ ................. ... .
1967
.............................. .. ..........................................................................................

2 ,8 6 2
3, 573
4, 750
4 , 9S5
3 ,6 9 3
3| 419
3, 606
A 843
4, 737
S' 117
5,0 9 1
3, 468
A 320
3 ,8 2 5
3 ,6 7 3

1957:

M ay........................... .. .............. .. ..........................................
Jun e................. ............................. ..................................................
July .................................. ..............................................................................................
August _____ _____________________________ ________________
September ______ ______ ______________ ___________________________
October.......................................... .................. ...........................................................
November ........................ ................ ..................................... ..........................
December .............................................................. ............................... ..................

446
388
415
370
335
293
184
108

634
577
603
601
518
471
340
220

1 7 9 ,0 0 0
1 5 4 ,0 0 0
1 2 9 ,0 0 0
1 3 6 ,0 0 0
2 4 3 ,0 0 0
95, 000
63, 000
3 1 ,0 0 0

2 4 3 ,0 0 0
2 3 8 ,0 0 0
2 2 8 ,0 0 0
2 2 6 ,0 0 0
2 7 9 ,0 0 0
1 5 9 ,0 0 0
1 0 9 ,0 0 0
5 4 ,0 0 0

1 ,9 9 0 ,0 0 0
2 ,0 5 0 ,0 0 0
2 ,4 8 0 ,0 0 0
1, 6 9 0 ,0 0 0
1, 7 3 0 ,0 0 0
1 ,4 1 0 ,0 0 0
7 6 5 ,0 0 0
4 0 4 ,0 0 0

.2 0
.2 3
.2 5
.1 7
.1 9
.1 3
.0 8
.0 4

1958:

January 2...............................................................................................
February 2_ . ________ ______________________________
March 2____________________ __________ _______ _______
A pril2___ _______ _________________________________
M a y 2_____________________________________________________________

200
150
200
275
350

300
275
300
375
475

9 0 ,0 0 0
4 5 ,0 0 0
1 6 5 ,0 0 0
1 1 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 1 0 ,0 0 0
7 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 6 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 0 ,0 0 0

7 5 0 ,0 0 0
5 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0
2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

.0 7
.0 6
.1 3
.1 3
.2 1

Ififil

1 The data Include all known work stoppages involving six or more workers
and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers involved and
man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift in establish­
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or
secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose employees are
made idle as a result of material or service shortages.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1 ,1 3 0 ,0 0 0
X 3 8 0 ’ 000
3, 4 7 0 ,0 0 0
4 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 ’ 1 7 0 ,0 0 0
1 ,9 6 0 ,0 0 0
3 ,0 3 0 ,0 0 0
2, 4 1 0 ,0 0 0
2 ,2 2 0 ,0 0 0
3. 5 4 0 ,0 0 0
2, 4 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 , 5 3 0 .0 0 0
2 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0
1, 9 0 0 .0 0 0
1 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0

1 6 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0
39, 7 0 0 !0 0 0
3 8 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0
lie! ôôo, ôoô
3A 6 0 0 ,0 0 0
3A 100, 000
50. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0
3 8 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 2 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0
5 9 ,1 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 8 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 2 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 8 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0
33', 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
16, 600 000

0 27
.4 6
. 47
1 .4 3
.4 1
.3 7
.5 9
.4 4
.2 3
.5 7
.2 6
.2 1
.2 6
.2 9
. 14

2 Preliminary.
N ote : For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1964).
S ouece : U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

838

F.—Building and Construction
T able

F -l.

Expenditures for new construction 1
[ V a l u e o f w o r k p u t i n p la c e ]

E x p e n d i t u r e s ( in m i l l i o n s o f d o lla r s )

1957

1956*

T o ta l

T o ta l

1957

1958

T y p e o f c o n s t r u c t io n

O ct.

S ep t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay*

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

T o t a l n e w c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 3 ___________________

4 ,3 7 6

4 ,0 5 4

3 ,7 0 3

3 ,4 0 0

3 ,1 5 3

3 ,3 8 0

3 ,7 9 1

4 ,2 0 8

4 ,6 0 9

4, 682

4 ,6 6 7

4 ,4 7 7

4 ,4 2 5

4 8 ,4 9 2

46, 292

P r i v a t e c o n s t r u c t i o n ________________________
R e s id e n tia l b u ild in g s ( n o n fa r m )_ . . .
N e w d w e l l i n g u n i t s _______ _______
A d d i t i o n s a n d a l t e r a t i o n s 3_______
N o n h o u s e k e e p i n g _____ ______________
N o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s 4 _______ _ .
I n d u s t r i a l . _______ ________________
C o m m e r c ia l
. ____________________
O ffic e b u i l d i n g s a n d w a r e h o u s e s ___________ ______________
S to r es, r e sta u r a n ts, a n d
g a r a g e s _ ______________________
O t h e r n o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s ___
R e lig io u s . __________________
E d u c a t i o n a l ____________ . .
..
H o s p i t a l a n d i n s t i t u t i o n a l *.
S o c i a l a n d r e c r e a t io n a l
...
M i s c e l l a n e o u s ___________________
F a r m c o n s t r u c t i o n _______
___________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ___________________ ________
R a i l r o a d ______ - ____ ____________
T e l e p h o n e a n d t e l e g r a p h _____. . . .
O th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s
____________
A l l o t h e r p r i v a t e _________________________
P u b l i c c o n s t r u c t i o n - . _______________________
R e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s ®_____ _____________
N o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i ld in g s ( o t h e r t h a n
m i l i t a r y f a c i l it ie s ) ...................................... ..
I n d u s t r i a l ____ . _ ____________ . . .
E d u c a tio n a l.- . .
________________
H o s p i t a l a n d i n s t i t u t i o n a l ________
____
A d m in istr a tiv e a n d se r v ic e .
O t h e r n o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s ____
M i l i t a r y f a c i l i t i e s 7___________________ __
H i g h w a y s _______________________________
S e w e r a n d w a te r sy s te m s
___________
S e w e r _________________________________
W a ter .
_____________________________
P u b l i c s e r v i c e e n t e r p r i s e s _______________
C o n s e r v a t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ________
A l l o t h e r p u b l i c __________________________

2 ,9 7 4
1 ,5 3 0
1 ,1 0 0
378
52
735
193
315

2, 773
1 ,4 0 7
1 ,0 0 0
356
51
698
204
285

2 ,5 8 3
1 .2 8 8
945
295
48
677
218
263

2 ,4 4 2
1 ,1 7 7
890
239
48
689
235
262

2 ,3 0 1
1 ,0 8 3
815
219
49
705
252
258

2 ,4 3 5
1 ,1 6 5
895
220
50
746
274
270

2, 750
1 ,3 6 5
1 ,0 5 0
265
50
799
277
306

3 ,0 2 0
1 ,5 2 4
1 ,1 4 0
333
51
842
287
332

3 ,1 4 3
1 ,5 8 6
1 ,1 8 0
357
49
844
289
330

3 ,1 8 5
1 ,6 1 1
1 ,1 9 0
374
47
840
293
322

3 ,1 9 6
1 ,6 1 1
1 ,1 8 0
387
44
842
301
319

3 ,1 2 4
1 ,5 8 6
1 ,1 5 5
392
39
814
297
310

3 ,0 6 0
1 ,5 4 5
1 ,1 0 5
400
40
824
308
308

3 4 ,1 3 8
1 7 ,0 1 9
12, 615
3 ,9 0 3
501
9, 556
3 ,5 5 7
3 ,5 6 4

3 3 ,2 8 7
17, 677
1 3 ,5 3 5
3 ,6 9 5
447
8 ,8 1 7
3, 084
3, 631

169

165

163

161

161

167

00
t—

N ov.

June2

183

179

173

172

159

155

1 ,8 9 3

1 ,6 8 4

146
227
70
46
51
37
23
162
528
30
81
417
19
1 ,4 0 2
65

120
209
65
43
51
32
18
147
504
29
81
394
17
1 ,2 8 1
63

100
196
61
42
50
28
15
127
478
27
82
369
13
1 ,1 2 0
62

101
192
61
41
50
26
14
114
450
27
80
343
12
958
60

97
195
64
42
50
25
14
105
397
21
71
305
11
852
56

103
202
68
43
51
25
15
101
411
26
74
311
12
945
59

128
216
74
46
51
27
18
100
472
32
78
362
14
1 ,0 4 1
54

149
223
78
47
52
28
18
114
525
36
84
405
15
1 ,1 8 8
56

151
225
80
48
52
28
17
133
564
37
96
431
16
1 ,4 6 6
54

149
225
81
48
51
29
16
159
556
37
87
432
19
1 ,4 9 7
52

147
222
80
47
49
29
17
173
549
34
89
426
21
1 ,4 7 1
49

151
207
75
42
43
27
20
169
536
42
95
399
19
1 ,3 5 3
40

153
208
73
43
44
26
22
159
511
33
90
388
21
1 ,3 6 5
40

1 ,6 7 1
2 ,4 3 5
868
525
525
311
206
1 ,5 9 0
5 ,7 7 4
406
1 ,0 6 8
4 ,3 0 0
199
1 4 ,3 5 4
506

1 ,9 4 7
2 ,1 0 2
768
536
328
275
195
1 ,5 6 0
5 ,1 1 3
427
1 ,0 6 6
3 ,6 2 0
120
1 3 ,0 0 5
292

402
34
255
30
44
39
95
580
120
71
49
39
89
12

381
33
239
29
42
38
88
500
118
69
49
37
82
12

370
31
237
28
39
35
80
375
111
65
46
33
78
11

347
29
222
26
36
34
77
265
105
62
43
28
67
9

308
28
201
21
29
29
73
240
91
54
37
21
56
7

340
29
226
22
30
33
87
260
99
59
40
27
65
8

342
31
226
24
31
30
97
350
99
62
37
25
67
7

367
36
235
25
34
37
108
425
107
67
40
31
86
8

409
38
262
27
41
41
132
604
117
72
45
38
101
11

416
36
261
30
46
43
138
607
126
76
50
44
103
11

416
41
258
30
44
43
142
577
128
76
52
43
104
12

390
38
248
28
39
37
121
539
120
68
52
38
94
11

406
44
254
32
39
37
112
548
120
66
54
38
89
12

4 ,4 8 6
473
2 ,8 2 5
333
439
416
1 ,3 2 2
5 ,2 1 5
1 ,3 4 4
781
563
393
971
117

4 ,0 7 4
453
2, 556
298
362
405
1 ,3 9 5
4 ,6 5 5
1 ,2 7 5
701
574
384
826
104

1 E s t im a t e d m o n e ta r y v a lu e o f n e w c o n s tr u c tio n p u t in p la c e d u r in g t h e
p e r io d s s h o w n , i n c l u d i n g m a jo r a d d i t i o n s a n d a l t e r a t i o n s b u t e x c l u d i n g
m a i n t e n a n c e a n d r e p a ir . T h e s e f ig u r e s d iff e r f r o m p e r m i t v a l u a t i o n d a t a
r e p o r t e d i n t h e t a b u l a t i o n s fo r b u i l d i n g p e r m i t a c t i v i t y ( t a b l e s F - 3 , P - 4 ,
a n d F - 5 ) a n d t h e d a ta o n v a lu e o f c o n tr a c t a w a r d s (ta b le F - 2 ) .
2 P r e li m in a r y .
3 I n c l u d e s r e v i s i o n s i n t h e s e r ie s o n r e s i d e n t i a l a d d i t i o n s a n d a l t e r a t i o n s ,
a n d d a t a a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w i t h t h o s e p u b l i s h e d i n i s s u e s p r e c e d in g J u n e
1957. S e e T e c h n i c a l N o t e o n R e v i s e d E s t i m a t e s o f R e s i d e n t i a l A d d i t i o n s
a n d A l t e r a t i o n s , 1 9 4 5 -5 6 , o n p a g e 973 o f t h e A u g u s t 1957 i s s u e .
4 E x p e n d i t u r e s b y p r i v a t e l y o w n e d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s fo r n o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d ­
in g a re in c lu d e d u n d e r “ P u b lic u t il it i e s .”
3
I n c lu d e s F e d e r a l c o n t r ib u t io n s to w a r d c o n s tr u c tio n o f p r iv a te n o n p r o fit
h o s p ita l fa c ilitie s u n d e r t h e N a t io n a l H o s p it a l P r o g r a m .


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

6 I n c lu d e s n o n h o u s e k e e p in g p u b lic r e s id e n t ia l c o n s tr u c t io n a s w e ll a s h o u s e ­
k e e p in g u n it s .
7 C o v e r s a ll b u i l d i n g a n d n o n b u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n , e x c e p t p r o d u c t io n
fa c ilitie s (w h ic h a re in c lu d e d in p u b lic in d u s t r ia l b u ild in g ) , a n d A r m e d
F o r c e s h o u s in g u n d e r t h e C a p e h a r t p r o g r a m ( w h ic h is in c lu d e d in p u b lic
r e s id e n t ia l b u ild in g ) .
* R e v i s e d . T h e 1956 d a t a i n c l u d e r e v i s i o n s n o t s h o w n p r e v i o u s l y . R e ­
v is e d m o n t h ly d a t a a r e a v a ila b le u p o n r e q u e s t.

N ote : F o r a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e s e s e r ie s , s e e T e c h n i q u e s
M a j o r B L S S t a t i s t i c a l S e r ie s , B L S B u l l . 1168 (1 9 5 4 ).

of

P r e p a r in g

Source : J o i n t e s t i m a t e s o f t h e IT. S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u o
L a b o r S ta tis tic s a n d U . S . D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m erce, B u sin e s s a n d D e fe n se
S e r v ic e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

839

F : BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION

T able F-2. Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of construction 1
V a l u e ( in m i l l i o n s o f d o lla r s )

O w n e r s h ip a n d t y p e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n

1958

A p r.

T o t a l p u b l i c c o n s t r u c t i o n . _____ _________ 1 ,1 3 2 .8
F e d e r a l l y o w n e d __________________________
R e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s ________________
N o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s ____________
E d u c a t i o n a l . __________ ________ _
H o s p i t a l a n d i n s t i t u t i o n a l ______
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n d s e r v i c e ____
O th e r n o n r e s id e n tia l b u ild in g s .
A i r f i e ld b u i l d i n g s ___________
T r o o p h o u s i n g _____ _________
W a r e h o u s e s ____________ _____
A l l o t h e r _____________________
A i r f i e l d s _______________________________
C o n s e r v a t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ____
H i g h w a y s _______________ _____ ________
E l e c t r i c p o w e r ________________________
A l l o t h e r f e d e r a l ly o w n e d ___________
S t a t e a n d l o c a l l y o w n e d __________________
R e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s ________________
N o n r e s i d e n t i a l b u i l d i n g s . . . _______
E d u c a tio n a l
____________ _____
H o s p i t a l a n d i n s t i t u t i o n a l ______
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n d s e r v i c e ____
O th e r n o n r e s id e n tia l b u ild in g s .
H i g h w a y s ______________________________
S ew er a n d w a te r sy s te m s
_______
S e w e r ______________ ___________ _
W a ter
_______ ___________________
P u b l i c s e r v i c e e n t e r p r i s e s ..................
E l e c t r i c p o w e r . . ________________
O t h e r ______________ _______________
C o n s e r v a t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ____
A ll o th e r S ta te a n d lo c a lly o w n e d ..

2 4 2 .0
2 8 .4
9 5 .1
6 .3
1 2 .9
2 4 .4
5 1 .5
1 5 .3
5 .2
3 .5
2 7 .5
2 9 .7
6 8 .3
8 .5
3 .4
8 .6
8 9 0 .8
4 7 .2
3 2 6 .5
2 0 8 .8
3 2 .5
4 0 .5
4 4 .7
3 6 5 .5
9 5 .9
6 6 .0
2 9 .9
2 3 .7
1 1 .3
1 2 .4
1 5 .7
1 6 .3

1957

1956

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

O ct.

S ep t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

T o ta l

T o ta l

9 4 1 .5

8 2 2 .6

6 9 6 .5

7 1 8 .9

8 7 1 .1

8 9 1 .5

7 4 5 .7

8 6 9 .6

1 ,1 3 4 .4

1,3 2 4 .3

1 ,1 2 5 .9

9 7 5 .5

1 1 ,4 7 3 .8

10, 4 2 3 .1

1 8 9 .7
3 3 .0
7 9 .0
5 .8
1 4 .7
1 6 .2
4 2 .3
1 3 .9
4 .0
4 .4
2 0 .0
1 8 .0
2 8 .5
3 .6
1 6 .6
1 1 .0
7 5 1 .8
3 0 .9
3 1 1 .0
2 1 3 .2
3 7 .3
3 1 .6
2 8 .9
2 9 1 .4
8 0 .4
4 8 .9
3 1 .5
2 4 .4
6 .1
1 8 .3
3 .4
1 0 .3

1 2 1 .9
5 2 .0
2 2 .2
3 .2
.3
6 .4
1 2 .3
1 .9
.5
1 .0
8 .9
1 7 .5
1 2 .7
5 .4
4 .0
8 .1
7 0 0 .7
3 0 .7
2 7 9 .2
1 8 8 .3
1 7 .9
4 8 .4
2 4 .6
2 1 3 .2
5 6 .9
3 7 .9
1 9 .0
1 0 8 .2
1 0 2 .9
5 .3
7 .5
5 .0

1 2 0 .2
4 7 .5
4 2 .8
.8
.8
1 0 .5
3 0 .7
1 .8
(2)
.8
2 8 .1
8 .3
8 .0
4 .8
1 .5
7 .3
5 7 6 .3
2 1 .8
239. 5
1 6 9 .5
1 5 .0
3 0 .7
2 4 .3
2 0 7 .2
7 5 .2
5 5 .8
1 9 .4
1 6 .0
7 .0
9 .0
1 0 .8
5 .8

5 8 .4
3 .2
2 8 .7
.4
.2
9 .9
1 8 .2
1 .2
.4
(2)
1 6 .6
1 .4
1 4 .3
3 .7
3 .7
3 .4
6 6 0 .5
2 0 .2
2 3 8 .7
1 6 3 .7
1 9 .8
1 8 .8
3 6 .4
2 7 2 .1
9 4 .5
6 5 .1
2 9 .4
1 9 .4
9 .4
1 0 .0
1 1 .2
4 .4

1 2 5 .9
.2
4 1 .2
2 .0
2 0 .0
2 .9
1 6 .3
.6
1 .0
(2)
1 4 .7
.3
2 1 .2
2 .2
5 9 .7
1 .1
7 4 5 .2
2 3 .3
2 6 7 .7
2 0 7 .4
1 5 .8
2 4 .6
1 9 .9
3 3 4 .6
9 3 .4
4 4 .4
4 9 .0
1 5 .0
5 .3
9 .7
6 .9
4 .3

1 4 1 .3
5 6 .5
4 6 .8
.3
3 .7
2 3 .7
1 9 .1
3 .9
(2)
(2)
1 5 .2
3 .5
2 2 .7
7 .6
.8
3 .4
7 5 0 .2
5 5 .2
3 0 3 .5
2 1 5 .4
4 1 .6
1 9 .7
2 6 .8
2 4 8 .0
7 7 .0
4 2 .7
3 4 .3
4 8 .2
2 4 .3
2 3 .9
8 .4
9 .9

6 3 .4
3 .5
2 2 .1
.2
.7
1 .7
1 9 .5
2 .3
1 .1
.3
1 5 .8
3 .7
1 4 .8
9 .2
1 .0
9 .1
6 8 2 .3
2 0 .4
2 7 8 .1
2 0 1 .0
1 5 .5
3 1 .7
2 9 .9
2 7 2 .3
6 9 .8
4 7 .8
2 2 .0
2 6 .6
1 0 .1
1 6 .5
7 .8
7 .3

5 7 .6
1 .4
1 7 .1
(2)
.1
4 .8
1 2 .2
.8
(2)
.4
1 1 .0
1 .8
1 4 .4
7 .5
2 .4
1 3 .0
8 1 2 .0
4 4 .3
3 0 5 .5
2 2 3 .2
1 9 .6
3 6 .8
2 5 .9
2 9 3 .5
7 5 .1
5 3 .5
2 1 .6
7 4 .7
6 1 .6
1 3 .1
1 0 .8
8 .1

1 4 6 .7
5 9 .8
3 2 .2
2 .1
.3
1 0 .2
1 9 .6
1 4 .0
.2
1 .0
4 .4
.3
4 2 .1
9 .1
1 .1
2 .1
9 8 7 .7
3 8 .8
2 6 7 .0
1 8 3 .0
2 2 .2
2 8 .7
3 3 .1
5 4 0 .8
8 0 .7
5 5 .5
2 5 .2
3 8 .7
1 4 .7
2 4 .0
1 2 .3
9 .4

3 9 4 .3
3 0 .6
2 1 1 .5
7 .7
2 9 .1
6 5 .2
1 0 9 .5
2 3 .6
1 0 .7
1 1 .4
6 3 .8
2 6 .9
7 3 .6
1 2 .6
6 .0
3 3 .1
9 3 0 .0
2 7 .5
3 3 7 .8
2 3 1 .9
3 5 .8
3 4 .2
3 5 .9
4 1 4 .7
1 0 3 .7
7 4 .4
2 9 .3
3 3 .3
2 3 .7
9 .6
4 .8
8 .2

2 2 5 .1
6 4 .5
7 5 .6
1 .0
1 .4
1 2 .4
6 0 .8
1 2 .0
8 .0
5 .9
3 4 .9
2 4 .9
3 1 .4
6 .8
5 .7
1 6 .2
9 0 0 .8
2 1 .7
3 4 5 .2
2 3 7 .6
4 3 .6
2 3 .3
4 0 .7
3 0 6 .7
1 7 2 .6
9 4 .4
7 8 .2
2 7 .3
9 .0
1 8 .3
2 0 .3
7 .0

3 1 3 .6
2 1 .6
6 1 .0
8 .7
.7
7 .8
4 3 .8
8 .3
9 .8
2 .7
2 3 .0
3 4 .8
1 4 3 .0
1 5 .8
2 3 .4
1 4 .0
6 6 1 .9
1 4 .7
2 5 6 .2
1 9 1 .6
1 7 .4
2 0 .1
2 7 .1
2 8 9 .5
6 7 .7
4 4 .1
2 3 .6
1 8 .8
9 .0
9 .8
8 .6
6 .4

2 ,3 1 7 .3
4 0 6 .2
7 7 6 .5
4 8 .4
7 8 .9
1 4 8 .3
5 0 0 .9
9 8 .9
6 0 .9
3 5 .0
3 0 6 .1
1 8 2 .2
5 6 3 .8
9 1 .5
1 4 0 .3
1 5 6 .8
9 ,1 5 6 . 5
3 2 6 .7
3 ,4 0 9 . 4
2 ,4 5 0 . 5
2 8 7 .1
3 1 5 .4
3 5 6 .4
3 ,8 2 5 .1
1 ,0 3 4 .2
6 1 9 .4
4 1 4 .8
3 6 4 .2
2 0 0 .1
1 6 4 .1
1 1 2 .7
8 4 .2

2 ,0 8 8 .3
1 3 6 .0
9 2 4 .3
2 7 .1
4 3 .9
8 7 .3
7 6 6 .0
7 6 .2
1 2 3 .2
6 3 .3
5 0 3 .3
1 5 5 .9
5 3 9 .0
9 1 .8
1 7 7 .4
6 3 .9
8 ,3 3 4 .8
2 5 3 .2
3 ,2 0 2 .8
2 ,2 8 9 .0
2 7 8 .9
3 2 0 .8
3 1 4 .1
3, 2 1 1 .6
1 ,1 0 0 .0
6 5 8 .9
4 4 1 .1
3 3 6 .5
2 2 7 .2
1 0 9 .3
1 3 9 .3
9 1 .4

1 I n c l u d e s m a j o r fo r c e a c c o u n t p r o j e c t s s t a r t e d ( c o n s t r u c t io n d o n e d i r e c t l y
b y a g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c y u s i n g a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e t o p e r fo r m n o n m a i n t e n a n c e c o n s tr u c tio n o n t h e a g e n c y s o w n p r o p e r ty ).


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1957

2 L e s s t h a n $50,000.
Source : U. S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s a n d U. S.
D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e , B u s i n e s s a n d D e f e n s e S e r v ic e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

840

T able F-3. Building permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership, class of construction,

and type of building 1
Valuation (In millions of dollars)

Class of construction, ownership,
and type of building

1957

1958
Apr. Mar.* Feb.»

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.*

1957

1956

Total

Total

1,793.4 1, 515.1 1,110.1 1,153.0 1,097.2 1,230.6 1,642.7 1,551.7 1,626.1 1,693.4 1,748.7 1,829.7 1,720.7 18,142.3 18,787.8
AH building construction..................
Private_________________ _____ 1, 566. 7 1,324.6 938.4 995.1 958.2 1,061.9 1,453. 5 1,417.3 1.462.7 1, 518.9 1,484.9 1, 643.8 1, 531.3 15,997.0 16,903.4
226.7 190.6 171.7 157.9 139.0 168.7 189.2 134.4 163.4 174.5 263.7 185.9 189.4 2,145. 3 1, 884.4
Public......... - ...................................
New residential building-------------- . Dwelling units (housekeeping only).
Privately owned........................
1-family.......... .....................
2-family_________ ___ ___
3- and 4-family....................
5-or-more family______ ...
Publicly owned-------------- ---Nonhousekeeping buildings........ ..
New nonresidential buildings................
Commercial buildings......................
Amusement buildings...............
Commercial garages----- -------Gasoline and service stations...
Office buildings-------------------Stores and other mercantile
buildings_________________
Community buildings...... ...............
Educational buildings.............
Institutional buildings..............
Religious buildings.................. .
Garages, private residential.............
Industrial buildings .......................
Public utilities buildings_________
All other nonresidential buildings.. .
Additions and alterations.....................

957.6
941.3
915.5
792.0
27.5
10.8
85.2
25.8
16.3
654.8
269.4
17.8
6.6
11.5
116.3

778.1
759.0
728.5
622.9
20.9
11.0
73.6
30.5
19.1
586.8
230.8
13.3
5.0
11.3
119.8

536.9
525.0
491.4
419.0
15.7
8.4
48.3
33.6
11.9
452.3
149.8
14.7
3.4
8.8
64.8

578.4
563.1
548.2
464.4
16.9
8.9
58.0
14.9
15.2
435.6
140.6
10.2
4.2
10.2
56.0

556.9
535. 4
525.2
451.6
17.1
6. 5
50.0
10.2
21.5
433.9
151.4
11.6
2.1
9.9
67.4

649.0
635.8
604.5
536.4
17.8
8.7
41.6
31.3
13.2
459.1
147.4
18.2
2.9
10.3
60.3

895.7
870.3
825.6
730.8
22.2
9.9
62.8
44.7
25.4
592.1
203.9
11.6
5.1
13.0
92.2

813.2
796.9
784.8
696.7
20.1
9.2
58.8
12.2
16.3
569.2
203.4
10.5
4.9
14.2
102.1

885.9
871.8
852.0
748.8
18.8
8.7
75.6
19.8
14.1
557.2
167.3
8.8
4.0
13.9
69.1

847.6
832.4
807.6
724.6
19.6
9.3
54.1
24.8
15.1
656.5
203.3
11.9
5.3
14.8
76.2

893.7
881.9
823.2
734.1
20.3
10.0
58.8
58.7
11.8
663.4
183.5
13.8
6.9
13.8
66.8

954.1
935.9
918.5
818.6
20.3
11.9
67.7
17.4
18.2
676.8
231.7
13.4
7.1
15.5
106.1

914.8
901.5
884.0
794.8
21.5
11.4
56.3
17.5
13.3
625.7
198.7
15.5
7.3
15.0
74.8

9, 404.2 10, 291.9
9, 220.0 10,149. 6
8,937.6 9, 971.9
7, 922.0 9, 221. 8
215.0
228.7
111.6
87.9
447.2
675.3
282.4
177.7
184.2
142.3
6, 834.1 6, 664. 5
2,224.0 2,184.7
116.1
139.8
60.6
57.5
159.1
165.5
975.7
828.3

117.2
219.5
119.2
51.0
49.2
18.2
60.2
36.9
50.6
181.1

81.3
234.4
158.0
40.8
35.7
10.2
58.4

58.1
171.9
118.4
26.2
27.4
4.8
44.9
47.4
33.5
120.8

60.0
168.7
108.9
33.7
26.1
5.9
62.8
28.4
29.2
139.0

60.3
163.3
108.6
27.3
27.3
6.3
63.8
22.1
26.9
106.4

55.7
194.2
98.8
61.0
34.4
12.2
59.8
24.7
20.8
122.5

82.1
219.5
132.0
46.9
40.6
21.9
92.0
25.3
29.7
154.8

71.7
71.4
204.2 213.1
134.3 119.7
32.0
50.9
37.9
42.6
24.2
23.3
81. 7 87.2
34.2
37.0
21.5
29.4
169.2 183.0

95.1
224.4
123.5
60.4
40.5
21.6
124.9
49.5
32.7
189.3

82.2
253.5
123.1
83.2
47.2
22.7
101.9
37.7
64.1
191.6

89.6
241.6
155.7
36.4
49.5
23.1
90.5
45.8

86.0
218.5
139.9
31.8
46.8
19.8
109.0
37.8
41.9
180.2

891.8
2, 478.6
1, 491.8
522.6
464.2
200.4
1,085.9
423.5
421.7
1, 904.0

21.1

31.8
150.2

* Data relate to building construction authorized by local building permits
In all localities (over 7,000) having building-perinit systems—rural nonfarm
as well as urban. Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded
for Federal projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) In
permit-issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered
by builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects;
construction undertaken by State and local governments is reported by local
officials. Because permit valuations generally understate the actual cost of

44.0

198.9

1,014.3
2,263.1
1,431. 4
380.3
451.4
201.9
1,273.3
328.4
413.0
1,831.4

construction and because of lapsed permits and the lag between permit
issuance or contract-awarded dates and start of construction, these data do
not represent the volume of building construction started.
Because of rounding, sums of Individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
•Revised.
S ource : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able F-4. Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and geographic region 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction and
geographic region

1957

1958
Apr.

Mar.* Feb.*

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.*

1957

1956

Total

Total

All building construction *....................... 1, 793.4 1,515.1 1,110.1 1,153.0 1.097.2 1, 230.6 1,642. 7 1,551.7 1, 626.1 1,693. 4 1,748.7 1,829.7 1, 720.7 18,142.3 18, 787.8
357. 4 266.5 189.4 215.7 219.4 272.9 352.8 350.8 371.8 344.1 338.4 439.2 357.5 3, 878.8 4, 056. 2
Northeast...................... .......................
North Cen trai............ ..................... . 538.4 399.4 224.2 231.2 319.0 324.9 489.3 480.0 504.5 516.8 558.5 542.1 536.5 5, 282.1 5, 681.0
457.0 417.4 370.3 375.7 288.2 324.3 400.2 381.1 387.3 439,6 465.6 425.7 405.8 4,614.8 4, 467.0
South--------------------------------------W est....................................................— 440.6 431.8 326.2 330.4 270.6 308.6 400.3 339.8 362.5 393.0 386.2 422.7 420.9 4,366.6 4, 583. 5
New dwelling units (housekeeping only).
Northeast..............................................
North C en tra l....... ............................
South.....................................................
W est....... .............................................
New nonresidential buildings.......... —
Northeast...............................................
North Central......... .......................
S o u th ............ .......................... .............
W est________ ____ ___ _____ _____
Additions and alterations------- ------ -Northeast........................
— ...
North Central____ _____ _ ._______
South........................ ...........................
W est.__________ __________ ______

941.3
188.0
278.3
248.4
226.6
654.8
130. 5
210.5
151.5
162.3
181.1
35.8
46.5
51.2
47.6

759.0
129.7
205.6
218.8
205.0
586.8
108.1
152.2
153.4
173.1
150.2
27.4
39.6
41.8
41.4

525.0
59.7
102.7
198.2
164.4
452.3
107.7
91.9
130.1
122.7
120.8
20.8
28.3
37.8
33.9

563.1
79.7
109.1
195.6
178.7
435.6
107.5
89.3
131.3
107.5
139. C
24.7
32.2
43.3
38.8

535.4
102.1
131.4
155.9
146.0
433.9
89.8
156.9
91.8
95.4
106.4
23.5
25.5
30.4
27.1

>See footnote 1, table F-3.
»Includes new nonhousekeeping residential building, not shown separately.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

635.8
139.0
165.0
169.3
162.6
459.1
100.8
128.5
119.0
110.7
122.5
29.4
29.6
32.2
31.3

870.3
178.2
253.1
210.0
229.0
592.1
126.0
193.5
144.5
128.1
154.8
35.1
38.9
41.5
39.3

796.9
158.4
247.7
199.5
191.3
569.2
147.8
177.6
137.1
106.8
169.2
42.5
47.4
40.6
38.7

871.8
199.8
267.3
203.6
201.1
557.2
129.4
181.7
129.8
116.4
183.0
40.5
52.5
49.1
40.9

832.4
162.3
257.7
223.4
189.0
656.5
139.8
202.2
155.8
158.7
189.3
39.8
54.6
62.2
42.7

881.9
183.7
277.6
220.3
200.3
663.4
112.3
230.6
183.1
137.4
191.6
40.3
48.0
57.4
45.9

935.9
195.6
283.0
232.2
225.2
676.8
189.2
202.1
136.1
149.4
198.9
51.6
55.0
48.6
43.7

901.5
194.9
266.7
210.8
229.2
625.7
124.1
216.5
140.6
144.5
180.2
36.8
51.1
60.1
42.2

9, 220.0 10,149.6
1,864.4 2,200.4
2, 644.3 3,144.7
2,361.9 2,346.0
2,349.3 2, 458. 5
6, 834.1 6, 664. 5
1,550.0 1,435. 8
2,104.0 1. 993. 5
1,664.3 1, 596.9
1,515.7 1,638.3
1,904.0 1, 831.4
394.5
424.6
510.7
499.9
481.9
520.6
444.3
458.8

•Revised.
S o u r c e : U . 8. D ep a rtm en t

of Labor, Bureau of Labor

S ta tis tic s .

841

F: BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION

T able F-5. Building permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan location and State 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
1957

1958

S t a te a n d lo c a tio n

M ar.

F e b .*

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

O ct.

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r .*

M ar.

1957

1956

T o ta l

T o ta l

A l l S t a t e s . . ______
____
_ _______ . . 1 ,5 1 5 .1 1 ,1 1 0 .1 1 ,1 5 3 .0 1 ,0 9 7 .2 1 ,2 3 0 . 6 1, 642. 7 1, 551. 7 1, 6 2 6 .1 1, 693. 4 1, 748. 7 1 ,8 2 9 . 7 1, 7 2 0 .7 1, 5 4 6 .8
8 8 1 .2
8 6 0 .2
9 1 8 .2
9 5 7 .8 1, 2 7 8 .2 1 ,2 0 2 . 5 1, 2 6 1 .8 1, 302. 5 1 ,3 5 0 .6 1 ,4 2 3 .9 1, 3 2 6 .3 1, 2 0 9 .4
M e tr o p o lit a n a r e a s 2 . .
.
-------- 1 ,1 9 5 . 4
3 9 4 .4
3 3 7 .4
3 4 9 .2
3 6 4 .3
3 9 0 .9
3 9 8 .1
4 0 5 .8
2 2 8 .9
3 6 4 .5
3 1 9 .7
2 3 4 .8
2 3 7 .0
2 7 2 .8
N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ____________

1 8 ,1 4 2 . 3
1 4 ,1 0 4 .1
4 ,0 3 8 .2

18, 7 8 7 .8
14, 6 8 8 .9
4 ,0 9 8 . 9

A l a b a m a ____________ . . .
______
____
A r iz o n a . . . .
.
_________
_____
___________
______
______
A rk a n sa s
C a l i f o r n i a . . _____ ________ . . .
--------------C o l o r a d o ________
..
_________ __ _______

2 1 .1
2 3 .6
6 .3
3 1 7 .4
1 5 .1

1 6 .6
1 9 .9
4 .6
2 0 8 .6
2 4 .3

1 5 .3
1 3 .2
4 .3
2 4 7 .2
1 5 .8

1 6 .5
1 3 .0
3 .3
1 9 5 .1
1 6 .0

1 5 .6
1 5 .1
4 .4
2 1 6 .1
1 7 .6

1 3 .0
1 7 .6
5 .7
2 8 7 .6
2 4 .0

1 4 .1
1 9 .4
5 .7
2 2 9 .5
2 1 .2

1 3 .8
2 0 .1
5 .4
2 5 0 .7
1 8 .1

1 8 .7
1 9 .3
8 .4
2 7 3 .4
2 5 .3

1 5 .4
2 0 .3
4 .7
2 6 3 .8
2 4 .0

1 9 .9
1 8 .4
6 .2
3 0 1 .4
2 1 .0

2 0 .0
2 2 .9
6 .2
3 0 1 .1
2 2 .6

1 4 .1
1 8 .1
6 .4
2 7 9 .7
2 8 .8

1 9 0 .6
2 2 4 .5
7 0 .6
3 ,0 4 8 . 0
2 6 3 .8

1 7 3 .3
1 8 9 .7
5 7 .4
3 ,1 6 3 .3
2 8 2 .0

C o n n e c tic u t
______________________ ____
D e l a w a r e . . . . . . -----. -------- --...
D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a ----------- -------------- . . .
F l o r i d a _______________
__________________
_______________
G e o r g i a ___________________

1 9 .8
3 .6
6 .4
6 9 .6
2 7 .3

1 7 .7
6 .9
9 .3
8 3 .5
1 9 .6

1 8 .7
7 .0
1 2 .9
7 0 .9
2 8 .3

1 8 .4
2 .3
3 .1
7 7 .0
1 7 .1

2 7 .9
4 .5
1 3 .7
7 3 .4
1 5 .3

2 5 .2
6 .1
9 .1
7 7 .7
2 2 .9

3 6 .3
5 .9
1 3 .2
7 4 .5
2 4 .4

4 0 .5
7 .4
2 .9
8 1 .4
1 8 .9

4 3 .7
8 .5
1 3 .0
8 8 .9
2 1 .9

3 3 .2
9 .3
1 4 .4
8 6 .6
1 6 .7

4 1 .2
4 .9
6 .3
8 8 .3
1 9 .3

3 8 .4
5 .2
8 .4
7 9 .4
2 7 .5

4 2 .0
3 .2
3 .9
7 6 .0
2 6 .1

3 9 0 .3
6 8 .9
1 3 3 .8
9 4 6 .3
2 4 7 .0

3 7 5 .1
6 6 .0
6 6 .8
8 3 4 .8
2 5 0 .1

I d a h o ...
___________________________
I l l i n o i s ____________________________ ________
I n d ia n a ..
________________ __________ _____
I o w a ___________ . . . ----------------- -------------K an sas
_____________
_________
...

3 .9
1 1 0 .2
3 4 .6
1 7 .4
1 0 .6

1 .6
5 3 .8
2 1 .3
3 .9
1 0 .0

1 .3
5 5 .8
2 2 .5
6 .5
1 1 .5

1 .8
9 3 .8
2 0 .0
7 .9
1 0 .9

2 .5
7 3 .6
1 9 .3
1 2 .5
7 .1

4 .7
1 0 8 .9
4 4 .1
1 6 .6
1 0 .8

3 .0
1 0 5 .7
4 3 .9
1 7 .1
1 2 .6

4 .0
1 0 3 .9
4 9 .0
1 4 .7
1 7 .9

3 .3
1 0 9 .0
3 7 .8
1 8 .2
1 5 .8

3 .6
1 2 0 .1
4 2 .2
1 8 .5
1 0 .6

3 .9
1 1 5 .9
3 4 .9
1 5 .4
1 2 .3

4 .5
1 4 2 .0
3 3 .0
1 7 .3
9 .9

3 .5
1 1 1 .7
5 1 .3
1 1 .2
1 0 .8

3 8 .2
1, 239. 5
4 1 9 .5
1 6 0 .5
1 3 4 .5

3 9 .6
1, 3 3 4 .3
4 3 2 .0
1 8 1 .9
1 5 1 .9

K e n tu c k y .
---------------------------------------------L o u i s i a n a ______________________________ . . .
____________ .
--------------------M a in e ..
M a r y la n d
______
__________________
M a s s a c h u s e t t s _____________________________

1 5 .5
3 1 .2
.9
3 5 .4
3 1 .5

6 .3
1 7 .3
.3
2 8 .0
1 4 .0

1 3 .5
3 2 .3
.7
2 7 .2
2 4 .0

5 .0
1 9 .6
.8
2 4 .0
2 4 .2

1 0 .5
1 6 .8
1 .3
3 3 .4
2 6 .6

1 2 .2
2 3 .0
2 .7
5 5 .3
3 8 .4

1 6 .5
2 0 .1
3 .2
2 9 .9
3 1 .5

1 4 .5
2 0 .9
1 .8
3 2 .5
4 2 .6

1 6 .1
2 3 .2
3 .3
4 0 .7
5 0 .9

1 8 .8
2 7 .2
3 .4
5 3 .2
4 5 .5

2 2 .4
2 4 .6
4 .9
4 4 .6
4 2 .3

1 6 .1
1 7 .9
3 .8
3 6 .1
4 0 .3

1 6 .8
1 7 .4
2 .5
3 0 .9
5 1 .2

1 6 9 .1
2 5 0 .5
2 9 .2
4 4 6 .7
4 4 0 .5

1 6 8 .2
2 7 3 .1
3 3 .9
4 3 0 .4
4 7 0 .4

M
M
M
M
M

i c h i g a n _____________
_________ . . .
__________
i n n e s o t a . ._ _____________
is s is s ip p i
--------------------------------------------i s s o u r i . . ___________ . . . -------- --...
o n t a n a ___________________________________

6 4 .5
2 2 .1
2 .9
2 3 .1
1 .5

2 7 .7
1 4 .1
7 .5
1 8 .7
1 .4

3 8 .8
1 0 .1
2 .2
1 7 .8
1 .2

4 3 .9
1 8 .1
3 .0
2 9 .0
1 .6

7 3 .5
2 7 .0
4 .5
1 5 .5
1 .9

8 2 .1
3 5 .2
5 .8
3 3 .5
2 .7

8 2 .6
4 0 .1
6 .3
2 7 .7
3 .1

8 7 .9
3 5 .2
4 .4
2 9 .4
2 .6

9 1 .1
4 2 .1
4 .4
3 5 .0
3 .4

1 0 7 .8
4 7 .4
7 .8
2 9 .1
4 .0

9 7 .6
5 3 .7
3 .2
1 6 .8
3 .9

9 9 .4
4 3 .1
6 .0
2 5 .8
5 .1

7 4 .2
2 0 .1
2 .8
2 4 .7
3 .0

9 3 3 .4
3 9 0 .7
5 4 .2
3 0 2 .0
3 5 .1

1 ,0 9 0 . 8
3 7 6 .1
5 3 .5
3 0 6 .7
4 2 .7

N
N
N
N
N

e b r a s k a __________________________________
e v a d a _____________________________________
e w H a m p s h i r e . ----------------- ----------------e w J e r s e y --------------- ----------------------- -------e w M e x i c o ----------------- ------------------- --------

5 .4
3 .8
3 .4
6 2 .6
8 .4

2 .5
4 .7
2 .0
2 7 .1
7 .5

3 .1
2 .0
.6
5 1 .4
1 1 .0

6 .3
3 .1
4 .6
4 2 .9
6 .3

3 .1
7 .8
2 .0
4 9 .9
8 .9

7 .5
3 .2
1 .9
7 0 .1
6 .1

5 .7
4 .0
1 .6
6 5 .0
7 .6

8 .3
4 .7
2 .1
7 1 .8
5 .5

7 .0
3 .5
3 .0
6 0 .3
6 .7

6 .6
3 .9
2 .6
6 8 .4
1 0 .4

1 5 .2
3 .6
3 .0
7 1 .8
7 .9

6 .1
7 .2
4 .5
7 2 .3
7 .0

5 .6
4 .3
2 .1
5 8 .9
6 .7

7 8 .5
6 0 .2
3 0 .1
7 2 3 .2
8 8 .4

8 2 .0
4 5 .5
3 7 .8
8 1 1 .8
7 7 .2

N ew Y ork.
_____________________________
N o r t h C a r o lin a ...
______________________
N o r t h D a k o t a ___________ _____ ___________
O h i o _________________________________________
O k l a h o m a __________________________________

9 5 .8
1 7 .6
1 .6
7 8 .6
2 2 .6

9 1 .3
1 8 .0

8 0 .1
1 6 .1

1 5 .9

4 4 .9
1 0 .3

9 0 .1
1 0 .5
.6
60. 5
7 .4

1 0 8 .8
1 3 .4
1 .5
5 7 .2
9 .3

1 3 9 .5
1 4 .5
4 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 .5

1 4 7 .4
1 6 .9
5 .0
9 3 .3
9 .3

1 1 4 .1
1 7 .6
5 .4
1 0 8 .1
1 3 .2

1 0 1 .2
1 6 .9
5 .7
1 0 1 .3
1 3 .8

1 0 5 .6
1 5 .5
4 .1
1 2 5 .7
8 .5

1 9 8 .0
1 8 .5
5 .4
1 2 3 .9
1 0 .6

1 1 7 .8
2 1 .5
2 .9
9 9 .1
1 2 .0

114.. 1
1 6 .2
1 .6
9 4 .7
1 0 .3

1, 450. 6
1 9 4 .3
3 7 .2
1 ,0 9 3 . 9
1 2 1 .3

1 ,4 7 6 .0
2 2 1 .6
4 0 .5
1, 205. 5
1 4 3 .2

O regon .
. . . _____________ ____________
P e n n s y l v a n i a ______________________ . . . .
R h o d e I s l a n d . __________________ _______
______ ______________ . . .
S o u t h C a r o l in a
S o u t h D a k o t a _____________________________

1 2 .9
4 7 .7
3 .7

9 .7
3 5 .2
1 .6
4 .8
.6

8 .5
3 7 .1
2.Ç
5 .1
.8

7 .6
3 6 .1
2 .1
3 .7
1 .4

7 .2
5 1 .1
4. a
2 .7
2 .4

1 2 .1
6 6 .8
6 .3
5 .0
4 .2

1 2 .3
5 3 .4
5 .3
5 .3
3 .4

1 3 .7
9 3 .0
5 .3
6 .2
3 .5

1 4 .6
7 5 .8
5 .3
7 .3
4 .6

1 3 .2
7 4 .1
3 .9
5 .9
2 .5

1 4 .0
7 2 .0
5 .2
5 .1
4 .1

1 2 .1
7 4 .3
4 .9
8 .2
6 .0

1 1 .4
6 4 .1
2 .9
4 .4
2 .0

1 3 8 .9
7 4 9 .3
4 8 .8
6 3 .4
3 6 .0

1 8 2 .0
7 8 1 .4
5 9 .6
7 5 .8
3 7 .4

T en n essee.
______ ______________________
T e x a s ..
___________________ ____________
U t a h ________________________________________
V erm ont ..
___________ . . . . -----V ir g in ia .
___________________ _____ _______

1 5 .1
9 7 .6
1 4 .2
1.1

1 3 .6
8 3 .9
6 .4
.2
2 8 .4

8.8
6 4 .0
6. f
.2
1 8 .5

1 2 .4
6 8 .0
5. E

1 4 .5
8 9 .2
1 1 .6
1 .8
3 0 .6

1 4 .2
8 8 .0
1 0 .2
7 .0
3 2 .2

1 5 .8
8 3 .6
9 .8
.6
3 4 .0

1 6 .9
101. 5
9 .4
.6
3 2 .4

2 2 .0
9 1 .3
1 2 .2
.5
5 1 .5

2 1 .6
8 7 .0
1 4 .2

33.3

2 2 .7
7 7 .4
1 2 .4
.2
2 6 .5

3 6 .4

1 8 .3
8 3 .2
8 .1
1 .3
3 3 .8

1 5 .4
8 2 .4
1 3 .3
1 .2
2 9 .6

1 7 9 .3
1 ,0 1 3 . 4
1 1 3 .5
1 5 .6
3 8 4 .3

2 1 3 .8
9 1 6 .9
1 4 5 .3
1 0 .1
4 5 7 .5

W a s h in g to n
_________ ________________
W e s t V i r g i n i a ___________ ______ . . . . . .
W i s c o n s i n ___________________ . . . _________
W y o m i n g _____ _________________ . . . _____

2 8 .3
6. ■:
27. i
2 .6

3 4 .3
5 .5
1 9 .8
1 .8

2 2 .5
4 .3
1 9 .1
1 .3

1 7 .9

2 4 .3

4.4

3. (

2 6 .8
1 .3

3 2 .2
1 .3

2 9 .1
5 .2
4 1 .1
1 .7

2 6 .4
4 .5
4 2 .7
3 .1

3 1 .3
1 4 .8
41. C
2 .1

3 1 .8
6 .9
49. a
2 .5

2 8 .9
1 6 .4
4 4 .9
2.2

3 2 .5
6 .8
4 5 .9
1 .8

2 8 .5
6 .0
5 1 .8
1 .8

3 0 .5
4 .6
3 8 .7
1 .6

3 3 5 .3
8 0 .8
4 5 7 .3
2 1 .1

3 9 0 .6
6 4 .4
4 4 2 .0
2 5 .6

5.4
3 .4

.4
51. 5

.a

1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
^ Comprised of 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in 1950 Census.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

.9
2 3 .4

.9

‘ Revised.
gource; n g_ Department of Labor> Bureau of Labor statistics.

842
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

F-6.

Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by ownership and location,
and construction cost1
Number of new dwelling units started

Period

1950_______________________
1951________________________
1952_________________________
1953________________________
1954____________________ ____
1955_________________________
1956________________________
1957*________________________

Total

Privately Publicly
owned
owned

1,396,000
1,091,300
1.127,000
1,103,800
1,220,400
1, 328,900
1,118,100
1,041,900

1,352,200
1,020,100
1,068, 500
1,068,300
1,201, 700
1,309, 500
1,093,900
992,800

1954: First quarter____________ 236,800
Second quarter______ ____ 332, 700
Third quarter___ _______ 346,000
Fourth quarter__________ 304,900
1955: First quarter____________ 291,300
January............... .............
87, 600
February_____________
89,900
M arch_______________
113, 800
404,100
Second quarter__________
A pril........... ............ ........ 132,000
M ay_________________
137,600
J u n e ..___________ ____ 134, 500
Third quarter___________ 362,300
122, 700
July__________ _______
A u g u s t...______ _____
124, 700
September____________
114,900
Fourth quarter___ ______
271, 200
October_______________ 105,800
November . . . _______
89,200
December____ . . . _____
76,200
1956: First q u arter... _________ 252,100
January______________
75,100
February________ _____
78,400
M arch_______________
98,600
332, 500
Second quarter. ________
A pril..___ ___________
111,400
M ay_________________
113, 700
June . . _____________ 107,400
Third quarter___ _______ 298,900
July--------------------------- 101,100
A ugust........... ............ .
103,900
September____________
93,900
Fourth quarter___ _____
234,600
October_______________
93,600
November ___________
77,400
D ecem ber........................
63,600
1957: First quarter______ _____ *217,000
January______________
*64, 200
February____________
65,800
M arch__________ _____
87,000
Second quarter__________ 296, 600
April_________________
93, 700
M a y ._____ ______ ____ 103,000
June_________________
99,900
Third quarter___________ *289,700
July--------------------------- *97,800
August.. ___________
100,000
September____________
91,900
Fourth quarter___ ______
238, 600
October_______________ *97,000
November __________
78, 200
December_____________
63,400
1958: First quarter 3.......... ........... 213,000
Ja n u a ry ______________
67; 900
February*___ _______
66,100
March 3______________
79,000
Second q u arter... _______
A p ril3. ______ ____ ___
95,000
M a y 3......... ....................... 105,000

232,200
326, 500
339,300
303, 700
288,000
87,300
87,900
112, 800
397,000
130, 500
135,100
131, 400
357,800
121,900
122,300
113,600
266, 700
104, 800
88,400
73,500
244,600
73, 700
77,000
93,900
325,300
109,900
110,800
104, 600
292,900
99,000
103, 200
90, 700
231,100
91,200
77,000
62, 900
202,500
60,100
63,100
79,300
282,800
91,400
96,900
94, 500
280,900
93,900
96,800
90,200
226,600
88,400
75, 700
62, 500
199,000
62, 900
61,000
75,100
90, 700
98,000

Metro­ Nonmetro­ North­ North
politan
politan
east Central South
places
places

43,800 1,021,600
776,800
71,200
794, 900
58,500
35,500
803,500
18, 700
896,900
19,400
975, 800
24, 200
779,800
49,100
699, 700

374,000
314, 500
332,100
300,300
323, 500
353,100
338, 300
342, 200

4,600
6, 200
6,700
1,200
3,300
300
2,000
1,000
7,100
1,500
2, 500
3,100
4,500
800
2,400
1,300
4,500
1,000
800
2,700
7,500
1,400
1,400
4,700
7,200
1,500
2,900
2,800
6,000
2,100
700
3,200
3,500
2,400
400
700
*14, 500
*4,100
2,700
7, 700
13,800
2,300
6,100
5,400
*8,800
*3, 900
3,200
1,700
12,000
*8, 600
2,500
900
14,000
5; 000
5,100
3,900

174,300
244,000
252,800
225,800
221, 800
68,100
66, 900
86,800
294,800
96,800
99, 700
98, 300
263,400
88,400
91, 500
83, 500
195,800
76, 500
64, 600
54, 700
183,800
54, 300
57,600
71, 900
228, 300
76, 200
77,600
74, 500
202,900
69, 700
70,900
62,300
164,800
64, 900
54, 800
45,100
149,100
44,000
46,600
58,500
200,300
63,500
68, 200
68, 600
192, 600
63,400
67,700
61, 500
157, 700
61, 800
52, 500
43,400
143,200
44, 500
44,400
54,300

62, 500
88, 700
93,200
79,100
69, 500
19, 500
23,000
27,000
109,300
35, 200
37,900
36, 200
98, 900
34,300
33,200
31,400
75,400
29,300
24,600
21, 500
68,300
20,800
20, 800
26, 700
104, 200
35,200
36,100
32, 900
96,000
31,400
33,000
31,600
69,800
28, 700
22,600
18, 500
*67,900
*20, 200
19, 200
28, 500
96,300
30, 200
34,800
31,300
*97,100
*34,400
32,300
30,400
80,900
*35, 200
25,700
20,000
69,800
23,400
21, 700
24, 700

4,300
7,000

63,600
70,900

31,400
34,100

1 Excludes temporary units, conversions, dormitory accommodations,
trailers, and military barracks; includes prefabricated housing if permanent.
These estimates are based on (1) monthly building-permit reports adjusted
for lapsed permits and for lag between permit issuance and the start of con­
struction, (2) continuous field surveys in nonpermit-issuing places, and (3)
reports of public construction contract awards.
Private construction costs are based on permit valuation adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construction
costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for indi­
vidual projects.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Estimated construction cost '
(in thousands)

Location

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
243,100
273,100
228,800
195,500

(2)
0
(2)
(2)
325,800
356,000
303,100
258,400

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
359,700
389,000
334,200
346,300

West

Total

Privately
owned

(2) $11, 788, 595 $11,418,371
9,800,892
9,186,123
(2)
10,208,983
9, 706,276
0
10,488,003 10,181,185
0
291, 800 12,478,237 12,309,200
310,800 14, 544, 647 14,345,829
252,000 *13,077,027 12,814, 776
241, 700 12,693,995 12,126,800

47,400 52, 700 77, 600 59,100
67,300 98,400 90,900 76,100
72, 500 97,800 99,900 75, 800
55, 900 76,900 91,300 80,800
53,100 63,400 95,900 78,900
16,000 15,600 30, 600 25,400
13, 500 19, 700 32,400 24,300
23, 600 28,100 32,900 29, 200
89,100 116,600 109, 700 88, 700
28, 600 37,300 35, 700 30,400
30,300 40,000 37,400 29,900
30,200 39,300 36, 600 28,400
75,400 108,000 99,400 79, 500
27,100 35, 600 32, 700 27,300
24, 900 38,000 34,800 27,000
23,400 34,400 31,900 25, 200
55, 500 68,000 84,000 63, 700
23, 500 29,400 28, 500 24,400
17, 700 23,000 27,800 20, 700
14,300 15,600 27, 700 18,600
45, 700 58,200 83, 200 65,000
12,400 15, 700 27, 200 19, 800
14,400 16,400 26,800 20,800
18, 900 26,100 29, 200 24,400
72, 300 98,100 93, 200 68,900
23,400 33, 600 31,100 23,300
24, 700 33,300 32,800 22,900
24, 200 31, 200 29,300 22, 700
61,800 87, 200 86, 500 63,400
21,800 29, 900 27, 700 21, 700
20,800 29, 200 30, 700 23,200
19, 200 28,100 28,100 18, 500
49,000 59,600 71,300 54,700
20,100 26, 200 27, 500 19,800
16, 500 19, 200 22, 700 19, 000
12,400 14, 200 21,100 15,900
33,800 46,800 *80,000 56,400
9,300 10, 700 *26,000 18, 200
9,700 14,000 24, 600 17,500
14,800 22,100 29,400 20,700
60, 700 77, 200 92,800 65,900
19,900 23,700 28,100 22,000
20,900 25, 700 33, 700 22, 700
19, 900 27,800 31,000 21,200
57,900 79,300 *91,200 *61,300
19, 200 27,000 *31,500 *20,100
21, 800 27,300 31,000 19,900
16,900 25,000 28, 700 21,300
43,100 55,100 82,300 58,100
19, 500 24, 200 *30,100 *23,200
13,800 17,400 28,200 18,800
9,800 13, 500 24,000 16,100
8,100
7,000
(2)

11,000
11, 200
(2)

28, 700
28, 700
(2)

20,100
19, 200
0

2,240,448
3,454, 571
3, 590,366
3,192, 852
3,076,198
892, 794
954, 570
1, 228, 834
4,416,285
1,434,395
1, 502,901
1, 478, 989
4,025,441
1,372,150
1,369,948
1, 283,343
3,026, 723
1,178, 809
993,986
853,928
*2, 846,008
814, 448
887,138
*1,144,422
*3, 923, 607
1,309,175
*1,346, 587
*1, 267,845
*3, 532,193
*1, 201,139
1, 227,269
*1,103, 785
*2, 775, 219
*1,103,963
*930,642
*740,614
*2,609,458
*752, 234
*784,019
*1,073,205
*3,645, 531
*1,152,166
*1,264,385
*1,228, 980
*3, 535, 278
*1,198,141
*1,207, 763
*1,129,374
2, 903, 728
*1,195,309
*946,481
761,938
2, 543, 448
792,427
781,091
969,930

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

0
0

1,173,725
1, 269,429

Publicly
owned

$370,224
614, 769
502, 707
306,818
169,037
198,818
*262, 251
567,195

2,199,446
3,398,898
3, 528, 471
3,182, 385
3,043, 959
890,092
934, 585
1, 219, 282
4,349,159
1,421,309
1,479, 773
1,448,077
3,981,182
1, 363,092
1,346, 848
1, 271, 242
2,971, 529
1,168, 229
985,891
817,409
2, 761,446
800, 665
871, 700
1,089,081
3, 844,192
1, 293,488
1,312, 890
1, 237,814
3,471, 787
1,179,266
1, 222, 281
1,070,240
2,737,351
1,078,142
925,991
733,218
*2,432,406
*704,917
*751, 813
*975,676
*3,479,262
*1,123,385
*1,191,789
*1,164,088
*3,443,443
*1,154, 771
*1,176, 600
*1,112,072
2, 771,689
*1,098,140
*921,444
752,105
2,380,095
737, 503
718,862
923, 730

41,002
55, 673
61,895
10,467
32, 239
2,702
19, 985
9, 552
67,126
13,086
23,128
30.912
44,259
9,058
23,100
12,101
55,194
10, 580
8,095
36, 519
*84, 562
13, 783
15,438
*55,341
*79,415
15,687
*33,697
*30,031
*60,406
*21,873
4,988
*33,545
*37, 868
*25, 821
*4, 651
*7,396
*177,052
*47,317
*32, 206
*97, 529
*166, 269
*28,781
*72,596
*64,892
*91, 835
*43,370
*31,163
*17,302
132,039
*97,169
*25,037
9,833
163,353
54,924
62,229
46,200

1,124,680
1,185,100

49,045
84,329

2 Not available.
3 Preliminary.
♦Revised. Data for 1956 and 1957 were revised and first published in the
M ay 1958 issue.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

G: WORK INJURIES

843

G.—Work Injuries
T able

G -l.

Injury-frequency rates1 for selected manufactering industries
1958

Food and kindred products:
Meatpacking and custom slaughtering___ _____
Sausages and other prepared meat products____
Poultry and small game dressing and packing__
Dairy products..__________________ ________
Canning and preserving_______ _____________
Grain-mill p ro d u cts..______ ________________
Bakery products.....................................................
Cane sugar_____________________________ _
Confectionery and related products___________
Bottled soft drinks____________ ____ ________
M alt and malt liquors______________________
Distilled liquors____________ _____ _________
Miscellaneous food products..................................
Textile-mill products:
Cotton yarn and textiles.___ _______ ____ ____
Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles............
Woolen and worsted textiles_________________
Knit goods........—............. ............ .............. ..........
Dyeing and finishing textiles________________
Miscellaneous textile goods__________________
Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’___________________
Clothing, women’s and children’s____________
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel_________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products........... .
Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging..................... .................. ............................
Sawmills and planing mills___ ______ _______
Millwork and structural wood products........... .
Plywood mills_____________________________
Wooden containers_________________________
Miscellaneous wood products________________
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal------------- --------Metal household furniture___________________
Mattresses and bedsprings..____ ___________
Office furniture_____________ ______________
Public-building and professional furniture-------Partitions and fixtures__________ ___________
Screens, shades, and blinds__________________
Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills___________
Paperboard containers and boxes_____________
Miscellaneous paper and allied products---------Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals_________ ________
Bookbinding and related products____________
Miscellaneous printing and publishing________
Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______________
Plastics, except synthetic rubber________ _____
Synthetic rubber_____ ____________________
Synthetic fibers. . ................... ..................................
Explosives_______________________ ________
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals_____
Drugs and medicines_______________________
Soap and related products____________ ____ _
Paints, pigments, and related products________
Fertilizers___________________ ____ _________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats____ ______
Compressed and liquefied gases_________ _____
Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products___
Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes________ _______ ______
Rubber footwear.......................... .......................
Miscellaneous rubber products_________ _____
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing_______________
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings_________
Footwear (except rubber)___________________
Miscellaneous leather products_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products___________________
Structural clay products____________________
Pottery and related products________________
Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool__________
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products___
S e e f o o tn o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1956

A nnual
average

First quarter

In d u stry -

Average, all manufacturing___________ ________

1957 2

Fourth Third Second First Fourth Third Second First
quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter

1957 2

1956

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

10.0

10.2

9.6

9.9

9.9

11.5

11.4

11.3

11.3

12.7

12.1

12.0

11.1

12.0

17.6
25.5
(3)
16.5
14.4
11.7
17.6
14.0
11.6
17.3
7.8
7.7
11.0

17.1
20.7
(3)
19.9
15.8
14.2
16.3
21.8
14.5
18.9
16.4
10.4
10.6

17.9
30.2
(3)
18.0
15.8
8.9
16.3
15.7
8.5
20.0
14.3
11.0
12.7

17.5
25.5
37.0
18.1
15.3
11.6
16.7
17.1
11.5
18.6
12.8
9.7
11.3

17.2
25.7
39.2
16.2
15.5
14.8
18.6
20.6
11.2
19.9
15.1
9.7
14.5

18.8
22.8
45.2
20.0
24.2
22.1
16.7
19.7
15.3
25.5
16.1
8.8
17.0

19.8
25.5
44.7
19.1
20.7
14.4
16.6
17.0
11.0
23.9
14.8
13.0
14.2

20.5
22.8
33.4
16.3
20.1
16.5
17.4
18.2
11.3
22.1
17.3
12.1
16.7

20.0
24.9
39.8
17.0
19.9
16.5
17.0
14.1
13.0
16.7
13.2
6.7
13.3

21.3
21.3
40.9
17.4
26.6
18.7
16.5
17.6
13.6
25.2
19.6
9.9
13.8

21.1
20.1
46.1
18.3
20.1
15.9
15.9
22.1
12.0
29.1
19.6
9.0
14.1

20.3
22.8
37.2
15.4
17.8
13.6
16.2
22.3
12.9
20.2
13.9
9.7
13.3

19.6
24.0
41.3
18.0
20.9
17.0
17.2
18.5
12.8
23.0
15.8
10.8
15.5

20.6
22.2
41.1
17.1
21.9
16.2
16.4
19.0
12.9
23.0
16.7
8.6
13.6

7.1
4.8
14.4
6.9
15.5
7.7

8.3
5.2
15.2
8.6
13.3
9.9

6.9
5.8
15.4
4.0
12.6
5.3

7.4
5.3
15.0
6.4
13.8
7.6

7.7
6.0
15.5
4.7
10.5
11.5

9.1
7.8
18.3
6.6
12.3
13.6

9.4
6.4
17.6
5.2
15.1
13.3

8.2
6.8
19.7
4.9
11.3
14.3

7.9
7.0
16.2
6.0
14.3
14.2

8.9
7.7
17.5
5.9
16.3
14.3

8.8
6.1
17.7
6.0
14.8
16.1

8.1
7.4
16.2
6.2
16.8
15.1

8.6
6.7
18.0
5.3
12.8
13.8

8.4
7.1
16.9
6.0
15.5
15.0

6.1
4.8
(3)
10.0

6.7
5.7
(3)
9.1

6.2
5.9
(3)
9.0

6.3
5.4
5.5
9.4

5.5
5.0
6.7
6.6

7.5
6.6
9.0
7.5

7.3
6.0
7.2
10.3

7.5
6.1
6.8
8.1

7.1
5.3
3.7
10.5

7.2
5.8
7.1
11.0

7.2
5.0
7.3
11.9

6.7
4.5
5.1
9.9

7.0
5.9
7.4
8.1

7.0
5.1
5.8
10.8

55.2
35.7
24.5
23.8
22.4
22.3

58.4
34.8
19.0
22.8
21.2
20.5

47.9
31.0
23.0
15.3
22.6
17.4

54.3
33.9
22.3
20.5
22.0
20.1

58. 5
34.0
21.0
25.3
20.8
23.1

60.5
40.6
23.8
21.4
27.5
24.2

63.3
38.7
21.5
22.0
25.5
28.7

60.8
38.2
21.7
25.3
25. 5
29.1

63.4
36.4
19.9
22.6
25.5
29.5

68.3
41.9
22.6
26.1
29.5
35.5

60.8
44.5
21.5
25.5
27.1
32.3

66.7
41.1
21.0
21.9
27.3
28.2

60.2
37.9
21.9
23.4
25.2
26.9

65.0
41.1
21.3
24.0
27.4
31.3

16.1
(3)
14.9
17.4
(3)
12.9
(3)

14.1
(3)
8.1
18.5
(3)
20.4
(3)

15.2
(3)
8.1
14.5
(3)
14.0
(3)

15.2
12.1
10.5
16.9
9.6
15.7
9.4

15.1
12.0
9.4
17.1
14.9
19.3
15.7

19.4
22.9
11.2
17.6
14.4
19.3
15.1

15.5
13.0
13.5
17.7
18.5
21.3
12.7

17.4
14.8
14.7
17.3
9.7
17.1
18.5

17.1
16.1
14.4
16.1
16.1
21.9
11.6

17.7
16.4
16.4
17.5
25.5
21.4
17.2

17.9
16.4
16.7
19.2
15.7
21.3
18.4

17.8
15. 5
16.8
17.6
15.4
18.5
13.9

16.9.
16.2
12.3
17.4
14.4
19.8
15.5

17.6
16.1
16.1
17.6
18.2
20.7
15.3

9.8
12.0
9.2

10.4
14.1
10.4

9.2
11.1
8.1

9.8
12.4
9.2

10.3
13.2
12.4

11.7
15.6
15.3

10.0
16.0
14.0

10.8
13.1
15.2

11.2
15.7
14.7

12.3
15.5
13.7

11.1
14.0
11.4

11.4
16.8
14.1

10.6
14.5
14.4

11.4
15.5
13.5

10.1
(3)
8.9

7.5
(3)
7.6

8.3
(3)
7.6

8.7
10.8
8.1

8.4
10.0
9.0

8.2
15.4
9. 5

9.6
15.9
8.7

8.1
10.4
10.1

8.3
11.7
7.9

9.1
14.9
9.3

9.5
12.2
9.8

9.7
11.2.
8.8

8.5
12.8
9.4

9.1
12.5
8.9

4.2
5.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
6.3
7.2
8.3
9.9
(3)
31.4
(3)
14.7

4.9
1.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.6
7.7
4.9
9.2
(3)
31.6
(3)
15.1

4.3
3.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.6
7.9
5.5
11.3
(3)
22.5
(3)
13.1

4.4
3.4
2.8
2.9
2.6
5.1
7.6
6.4
10.2
12.4
28.6
9.1
14.3

4.2
4.3
1.1
3.1
2.8
4.6
7.1
7.4
9.6
9.7
25.3
4.5
10.8

4.7
4.1
2.8
2.1
1.4
4.7
6.9
8.6
10.8
16.5
26.5
6.9
14.9

5.3
4.3
1.1
3.6
1.6
7.4
6.6
8.2
8.4
10.2
31.7
5.8
16.1

4.4
4.7
2.9
3.5
2.1
4.0
8.3
8.2
10.2
11.4
26.0
10.4
15.0

4.8
4.3
.9
1.7
2.7
4.0
6.5
7.9
10.0
18.5
30.1
7.6
14.6

6.8
5.0
1.4
2.3
2.9
4.2
8.0
9.3
11.0
16.1
24.6
5.6
16.0

4.7
4.7
2.6
2.5
2.3
4.9
9.2
7.8
10.0
11.1
22.1
8.9
15.0

4.8
4.6
2.9
2.7
2.3
4.0
8.4
7.9
9.9
14.7
23.3
10.1
15.1

4.8
4.3
1.9
3.1
2.0
5.1
7.2
8.1
9.7
11.7
27.5
6.9
14.2

5.3
4.6
1.9
2.3
2.5
4.2
8.0
8.2
10.2
14.8
25.2
8.1
15.2

1.6
2.5
7.1

2.4
4.3
8.6

1.5
4.3
8.4

1.9
3.6
8.0

2.2
5.1
8.9

2.3
6.6
9.4

2.7
5.4
8.1

2.9
6.1
12.0

2.7
6.1
8.1

3.6
6.8
10.5

3.3
5.7
11.2

3.5
5.3
11.8

2.5
5.7
9.6

3.3
5.9
10.4

24.4
(3)
9.5
7.6

26.2
(3)
8.2
10.0

24.6
(3)
7.2
8.0

25.1
(3)
8.3
8.5

23.4
(3)
7.7
12.2

27.3
(3)
9.1
9.8

22.4
(3)
8.8
11.4

23.4
18.3
7.6
12.2

18.5
20.5
8.2
14. 5

27.1
21.4
8.5
12.4

23.2
16.3
9.1
11.7

26.4
19.0
8.5
14.7

24.1
17. 2
8.3
11.3

23.8
19.2
8.6
13.4

8.0
28.7
14.7
12.0
13.8

9.5
32.5
6.4
12.7
10.3

8.9
30.5
11.8
18.7
12.8

8. 7
30.5
11.1
14.4
12.3

8.9
28.6
9.9
17.9
11.4

9.1
37.1
13.1
22.0
11.9

7.6
29.6
15.5
22.0
12.8

8.9
29.6
11.5
20.8
13.7

8.6
27.4
17.0
21.4
14.3

11.1
35.8
16.7
31.4
12.5

8.3
36.2
15.8
28.3
12.2 I

8.0
32.0
16.9
24.0
14.4

8.6
31.5
12.6
20.8
12.5

9.0
32.9
16.6
26.4
13.3

Quar­
ter

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JULY 1958

844
T able G -l.

Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries—Continued

First quarter

Industry

Prim ary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel mills. . .. ---------------Gray-iron and malleable foundries-----------------Steel foundries___
--------------Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying--------Nonferrous foundries____- --------------------------Iron and steel forgings.._ . . . — - - --------- ---------- — Wire drawing____ . .
Welded and heavy-riveted pipe---------------------Cold-finished steel_________________________
Fabricated metal products:
Tin cans and other tinware.. . . -----------------Cutlery and edge tools----- ------------------------Handtools, files, and saws----------------------------Hardware__. . .
. ------------Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies------------Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus-----Structural steel and ornamental metal work-----Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim ----------------Boiler-shop products___
..
----------------Sheet-metal work___ .
- ------------Stamped and pressed metal products--------------Metal coating and engraving------------------------Fabricated wire products-----------------------------Metal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails--------------Steel springs . . .
.
- ----------------Bolts, 'nuts, washers, and rivets---------------------Screw-machine products------------------------------Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classifled___ . . . . . . ------------------------------Machinery (except electrical) :
Engines and turbines.. --------------------- -----Agricultural machinery and tractors---------------Construction and mining machinery--------------Metalworking machinery-----------------------------Food-products machinery----------------------------Textile machinery . .
----------------Miscellaneous special-industry machinery-------Pumps and compressors------------------------------Elevators, escalators, and conveyors---------------Mechanical power-transmission equipment (except ball and roller bearings)----------------------Miscellaneous general industrial machinery-----Commercial and household machinery------------Valves and fittings------. . .
-----------------------Fabricated pipe and fittings-------------------------Ball and roller bearings... -------------------------Machine shops, general-------------------------------Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus----------------------Electrical appliances-----------------------------------Insulated wire and cable____________ _______
Electrical equipment for vehicles-------- -------Electric lamps (bulbs)---------------------------------Radios and related products-------------------------Radio tubes.. . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------Miscellaneous communication equipment------ -Batteries . . . ----------------------------Electrical products, not elsewhere classified... ..
Transportation equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers.. . . . ---- -Motor-vehicle parts and accessories----------------Aircraft__. . .
..
--------Aircraft parts__ _ .
--------------------------Shipbuilding and repairing---------------------------Boatbuilding and repairing----- .
..
-----Railroad equipm ent... ---------------- ---- -- - Instruments and related products:
Scientific instrum ents-. . ------- ---------------- -Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments
.
. . . ------ . . .
Optical instruments and lenses----------------- . . . .
Medical instruments and supplies.. . . . . . ---Photographic equipment and supplies____ . . .
Watches and clocks----------- ----------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries:
P a v i n g nnd ro ofing mat,priais

Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware----- . ..
Fabricated plastics products___________ _____
TVTisnp.ilanp.ons marwfqnt.nrinp-

Ordnance and accessories..

......

.

_ . -------

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Quar­
ter

3.7

3.9
24.5
14.2

3.0
19.7
13.1
7.9
18.0
17.0
14.7
10.5
6.9

3.6

22.1
14.2
8.7

6.2
21.0 20.8
20.1
16.5
10.2 11.6
14.1
6.7

9.0
9.9

4.6
<3)
11.5
6.3
13.3
13.4
21.7

5.5
(3)
14.8
6.3
14.1
19.0
22.5
22.4
23.9

11.1
19.1
17.8

10.8
(3)
14.8
(3)
(3)

12.4
8.9

22.1
9.0
(3)
22.7
(3)
(3)

10.0

10.7

8.0

14.0

7.9
9.2

6.3
9.4
13.2

11.6
7.8
6.3
11.7
13.8
11.3
13.5

8.6

13.6
10.7
11.3
11.4
9.4

7.0
11.4
4.5
13.0
(3)
7.4

10.6

5.7
4.4
5.6
4.0
(3)
4.2
1.9
3.2
9.0

4.5
4.6
5.7
4.3

10.6

(3)

4.6
5.2
2.7
3.4
17.5
(3)

6.8
2.6

11.7
5.4
13.2
(3)
8.5
8.5

(3)

3.9
1.7

2.1

11.4
13.5
4.4
11.7
(3)
7.5
13.1

3.8

4.3

8.5
13.6

14.4
16.8

15.7
14.9

12.7
12.9
7.8
10.7

13.8
19.2
8.4
11.4

15.6
21.9
9.1
15.7

15.3
18.1

5.0
4.3
6.5
4.3

4.6
5.4
9.2
3.7
3.2
3.9
1.7

5.6
6.5
9.4
4.3

5.9
5.7
9.6
4.8
4.0
4.5
1.5
2.4
10.3
5.6

4.6
(3)
3.7
2.4
3.1

4.2

4.5

4.8

2.8
4.0
2.1
2.8

2.6
4.8
1.6

8.1

14.5

4.5
28.5

4.4
29.6

10.5
21.7
19.3
14.5
10.7
15. 9

12.4
19.8
20.4
13.1
9.9
18.1

6.9

5.8
14.6
16.9
10.5
15.2
15.4
20.3
14.8
24.4
22.3

21.8 21.1

11.0

18.3
9.0
16.7
14.3
22.4
17.0
23.9
21.3

10.2 11.8
22.1
15.5
18.5
17.7
10.1 12.6
15.3
13.9
12.7

15.3
13.3
6.9
14.4
19.1

12.7
13.5

14.5
13. 5
6. 5
15.1
16.2
10. 9
14.1

17.3
13.1

14.8
17.0
10.3
15.2

5.9
5.0

5.5
5.7
10.3
3.4
3.2
4.8
2.4
3.2
12.7
8.3

5.7
4.7
13.7
3.4

10.6
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.1
3.0
10.9
5.0

6.8

15.3

4.6
1.9

7.0
7.1
13.7
3.6
3.4
5. 3
3.3
2.3
11.7
5.4

2.1
11.6

6.3

11.1

12.7
3.3
4.0
5. 0
3.1

2.6

6.1
2.1

2.3
11.3

6.4

9.3
6.9

4.4
5.2
2.3
3.4
16.2
31.1
9.3

4.5
6.3
2.4
4.1
18.5
31.5

4.1

11.0

3.9
6.4
2.5
4.4
16.9
25.0
9.1

4.4

10.6

4.9
5.8
3.2
4.5
18.9
38.3
8.7

4.2

8.2

4.6
4.9
2.5
4.3
16.6
29.0
9.0

4.7
5.7
3.1
4.4
20.7
30.4

2.7
4.6
16.7
26.0
9.9

2.3
4.7
18.8
32.0
10.4

5.2
19.9
39. 5
10.3

3.4

2 .6

3.3

3 .0

4 .1

4.3

3.6

4 .4

6.3

7. 7
6. 6
9. 4
3.7
5.5

6 .3
4.3
5.5
4.8
8 .4

6 .9
4 .6
8.1
5 .4
6 .8

7.0
6.1
7. 0
5 .3
6. 1

6.7
4.7
6.5
5 .3
7 .8

6.1
4 .2
4 .7
4 .8
6 .6

5 .2
4.1
10.0
6. 3
5. 4

8.1
6.1
14.6
12.0
3.4

10.2
6 .4
13.3
11.2
3 .5

6 .6
8 .5
18.0
13.9
4. 4

6 .4
6.8
10.9
11.6
5 .6

11.2
6.9
12.2
10.6
5 .0

7. 3
7. 3
14.9
11.5
4 .4

8.3
5 .3
15.2
11.8
5 .5

4.6
4.9
2.3
4.9
15.6
(3)
12.4

4.4
4.4
2.5
4.7
16.4
C3)

1.5

(3)

6 .0
(3)
9.4
4 .5

7 .3

(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

9.4
2. 4

5.9
17.4
12.2
3 .4

for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which
(a) results in death or any degree of permanent physical impairment, or (b)
makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly
established job which is open and available to him throughout the hours
corresponding to his regular shift on any one or more days after the day of
injury (including Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns). The term
“injury” includes occupational disease.

10.9
5.6

12.5
5.5

6.1

6.2

11.0

20. 7
18.9
10. 5
17.2
13.9
12.7

16.3
13. 7
16.2

14.2
15.5
11.4
11.9

14.0

15.0
21.5
19.5
23.3
19.6
10.9
17.0
18.9
11.7
17.0
11.5
13.8

7.0
14.9
17.8
9. 5
14.7
15.8
22.9
16.0
24.0
23.1

15.3
13.4
14.4

16.6
13.9

10.8

12.1

10.7
20.3
18.9
13.4
11.7
15.1

16.6
14.6
15. 9

13.6
14.0

6.2

6.1

16.4
14.5
7.3

22.0

17.7
13.1
16.4

12.5
13.0

6.2

19.3
13.8
12.7
12.5

4.5
28.9

11.5

16.0

12.1

21.0

1956

10.9
11.2
10.2 11.2 7.5
10.0 10.1 8.8
18.7
16.7
14.0
10. 5
11.0 9.6
14.0
13.6
12.8
9.9
11.0 14.0

13.6
16.7
6.9
14.2
18.7
8.3
14.5

14.8
13.3
14.4

11.6

3.9
24.8
19.8
9.5

10.5

16.9
13.3
16.6
15.0
16.5

13.1
11.5
17.2
15.2
16.0

17.8
13.9

2.0

12.6

1The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries


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3.8

2.0 14.2 16.5
12.1 112.0
13.9
12.8
10.2 11.0 13.9 15.6
11.2 12.0 13.6
9.4
12.2 10.5 12.3 14.0
6.1 6.3
5.2
4.8

8.6

11.4
(3)

8 .0
11.5
12.8
2.7

10.4
12.5
13.9

4.6
4.0

9 .4
(3)
9 .4
4 .0
(3)
4 .5
14.9
11.1
4.1

Fourth Third Second First Fourth Third Second First
quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ 1957 2
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter

22.1 21.2 25.7 26.2 24.2 27.1 30.5
13.9
23.1
21.0 24.4
17.9
20.5
16.4
7.6
8.0 9.6 10.6 9.5 10.6 9.2
20.0 16.6 18.8 18.2 20.9 17.7 22.4
17.9
16.8
20.0 17.7 22.1 16.4 19.5
12.1 13.0 11.2 15.9 14.5 10.8 16.2
11.2 11.7 12.7 12.8 13.8 13.5 13.4
7.8
11.2 12.6 12.6 13.7 12.3 13.6
6.1 8.0 7.2
5.1
5.8
5.3
4.9
7.3
13.7
14.4
21.0 15.8 15.1 16.8 17.7
(3)
13.9
13.3
12.6 12.3 16.1 16.6 18.0 17.8
6.9
6.6 7.1 8.4 7.0 6.9 8.6 9.7
10.2 13.9 12.7
16.8
14.7
9.4
13.4
15.4
18.9
15.2
15.7
14.1
16.4
16.0
13.4
15.1
21.0 21.7 17.7 20.3 22.8 23.5 22.4 23.1
15.9
16.7
19.4
22.3
18.3
19.4
25.8
16.8
21.1 19.1 22.5 27.2 25.5 23.0 24.8
20.9
20.0 19.9 16.6 20.8 17.4 23.6 22.4 26.7
11.1
9.9
9.6
10.0 11.9 10.9 10.1 10.9 25.2
17.6
20.0
17.7
15.9
17.8
16.8
(3)
19.4
20.0
19.4
19.5
18.5
18.5
19.1
18.0
13.0
10.6 14.0 9.0 13.7 6.8 12.4
(3)
17.6
18.3
16.0
19.2
15.9
16.6
17.7
(3)
11.9
13.3
12.1 10.0 11.5 12.9 15.0
13.2
11.8 10.3 13.2 13.6 13.9 14.1 14.4 12.1
7.7
10.2 10.8 11.1 9.8 14.7
9.8
12.4
6.6 7.0 7.3 6.3 7.5 8.5 10.1 10.3
9.2
8.2 8.0 9.4 9.0 8.0 8.2
9.3
9.9
11.2 12.9 14.7 16.7 15.5 16.8
11.5
9.0
10.1 10.5 10.3 10.5
8.4
9.4
7.6
11.5
15.7
16.5
13.9
7.2

Annual
average

1956

1957 2

1958

6.2

14.6
19.6
8.4
14.2

10.4
9.1
16.9
10. 6
14. 7

11.8

5.5
5.7
9.9
4.2
3.3
4.4

6.1
5. 9
12. 6

2.1
2.4
11.2

3.4
3.3
4. 9
2.7
2.4
11.3

5.5

6.8

4.6
5.8
2.7
3.8
18.6
33.2

4.2

4.7
17.9
31.2

3.7

3.2

4. 5

6.1
4.7
7 .6
6. 7
6.8

6.3
3 .2
8 .0
5. 7
5.1

6.7
5 .0
6 .7
5. 2
7 .3

6.0
4.1
7. 5
5. 8
5. 9

10.1
6 .4
13.1
13.3
5. 6

7.1
7 .9
13. 5
13.2
4.8

8.7
7 .3
13.4
11.8
4.6

8. 3
6.8
14.1
12.5
5.1

6.0

6.1
2.8

10.0

6.2
2.6

10.0

2Rates are preliminary and subject to revision when final annual averages
become available.
3Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
N ote : These data are compiled in accordance with the American Stand­
ard Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved
by the American Standards Association, 1954.
Information on concepts, methodology, etc,, is given in Techniques of
Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I9S8


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