Full text of Monthly Labor Review : January 2005
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https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis U.S. Department of Labor Elaine L. Chao, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Kathleen P. Utgoff, Commissioner The Monrhly Labor Review (USPS 987-800) is published monthl y by the Bureau of La bor Statis ti cs of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Revieiv welcomes an icles on the la bo r fo rce, la bo r -manage men t relat io ns, busi ness co nditi ons, indu stry pro duc ti vity, co mpensat ion , occ upa tional safety and healt h, demograp hic trends, and other economic deve lopment s. Papers should be fac tual and analytical, not polemical in tone. 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Cover designed by Keith Tapscott https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Volume 128, Number 1 January 2005 Changes in State laws during 2004: Labor 3 Overall, States enacted more than 30 pieces of legislation; worker privacy was among the 'hot button' issues of the year John J. Fitzpatrick, Jr. Workers' compensation 28 California passed a major reform package; 24 States approved a variety of revised and new laws Glenn Whittington Unemployment insurance 33 State enactments focused on numerous issues; one Federal law was enacted, affecting the overall program Loryn Lancaster Departments Labor month in review Precis Book review Current labor statistics 2 41 42 45 Editor-in-Chief: William Parks II • Executive Editor: Richard M. Devens • Managing Editor: Anna Huffman Hill • Editors: Brian I. Baker, Kristy S. Christiansen, Richard Hamilton, Leslie Brown Joyner • Book Reviews: Richard Hamilton • Design and Layout: Catherine D. Bowman, Edith W. Peters • Contributor: Horst Brand https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Labor Month.·in-Revie W,': ··:_V~?/j.:: 0 { The January Review As theoretical economists or mathematical statisticians, we occasionally wish it weren't so, but the labor market exists in a complex matrix of concrete statutory rules and legal regulations that are sometimes awkward compared with abstract models. As is our custom, we use the January issue of the Review to catalog the major changes in such legislation as it governs labor, unemployment insurance, and wo1 kens' compensation. John J. Fitzpatrick, Jr., summarizes what he characterizes as a lesser volume of State labor legislation in 2004 than in the recent past. However, he notes that much of the legislation that was enacted was legally significant and addressed "hot button" issues such as worker privacy, drug testing, and plant closings. Glenn Whittington surveys changes in the laws governing workers' compensation. The major story in this arena was the enactment of a major reform package in California. The legislation transferred the cost of administering the program to the employer community, encourages small business efforts to accommodate return to work, and permits employers to establish medical provider networks. For many years, Glenn has analyzed workers' compensation laws for our readers. Upon submitting this year's ana1ysis, he announced his retirement from government service. We thank him for his contribution and wish him a successful retirement. Loryn Lancaster reports on developments in Federal and State unemployment insurance law. The most significant legislation at the federal level put standards in place to curb certain abusive manipulation of the experience-rating provisions of the State unemployment tax acts and gave the States access to the Department of Health and Human Services' National Directory of New Hires to facilitate detecting individuals who attempt to continue collecting unemployment benefits after getting a new job. 2 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis < •l' x•, ~:,' i ~ Experience of unemployment in 2003 In 2003, the "work-experience unemployment rate" for all workers-defined as the number unemployed at some time during the year as a proportion of the number who worked or looked for work during the year-was 10. 7 percent, down from 11.0 percent in 2002. The 2003 rate is low by historical standards, but is above the series low of8.6 percent reached in 2000. Among those who experienced unemployment in 2003, the median number of weeks spent looking for work was 16.6 weeks, up from 15.5 weeks the year before. About 2.8 million individuals had looked for a job but did not work at all in 2003, about the same as a year earlier. For additional information, see "Work Experience of the Population in 2003," news release USDL 04-2532. Workplace injuries The incidence rate for on-the-job injuries and illnesses declined in private industry from 5.3 cases per 100 equivalent full-time workers in 2002 to 5.0 in 2003. Goodsproducing industries as a whole had a rate of 6.7 cases per 100 equivalent full-time workers while service-providing industries as a whole had a rate of 4.4 cases per 100 equivalent full-time workers. Manufacturing and construction had the highest incidence rates among the industry supersectors: 6.8 cases per 100 equivalent full-time workers. Financial activities had the lowest rate: 1.7. Additional information is available from ''Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 2003," news release USDL 04-2486. Day of injury The 1.1 million cases of lost-worktime injuries and illnesses reported in 2002 that included data on the time of the incident were fairly evenly distributed from Monday through Friday. Among January 2005 high incident occupations, truck drivers (includes heavy, tractor-trailer, and light or delivery truck drivers), janitors and cleaners, and carpenters had a greater proportion of injuries and illnesses on Mondays. In contrast, cooks and sales workers had a greater proportion of their injuries and illnesses on Thursdays and Fridays. Additional information is available from "Time of Lost-Workday Injuries and 111nesses, 2002: First Results Announced by BLS," news release USDL 04-2407. Volunteers in 2004 About 64.5 million persons, or 28.8 percent of the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and older, volunteered through or for organizations at least once from September 2003 to September 2004. Onefourth of men and about one-third of women did such volunteer work, about the same proportions as in the prior year. Women volunteered at a higher rate than men across age groups, education levels, and other major characteristics. The main organization-the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year-was most frequently either religious (34.4 percent of all volunteers) or educational/youth service related (27 .0 percent). Another 12.4 percent of volunteers performed activities mainly for social or community service organizations, and 7 .5 percent volunteered most of their hours for hospitals or other health organizations. Older volunteers were more likely to work mainly for religious organizations than were their younger counterparts. For example, 45.2 percent of volunteers age 65 and older performed volunteer activities mainly through or for a religious organization, compared with 28.5 percent of volunteers age 16 to 24 years. Younger individuals were more likely to volunteer through or for educational or youth service organizations. Find out more in "Volunteering in the United States, 2004," news release USDL 04-2503. D State labor legislation enacted in 2004 Laws concerning worker privacy, workplace violence and security, prevailing wages, drug and alcohol testing, employee discharge, child labor, hours worked, wage payments, t1nd plant closings were among major pieces of legislation enacted or revised during the year John J. Fitzpatrick, Jr. John J. Fitzpatrick, Jr., is a State Standards Advisor in the Division of External Affairs, Wage and Hou1 Divi5ion, Employment Standards Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. E-mail: FrtzpatricKjr.john@dol.gov https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis tates enacted a lesser volume of labor legislation 1 in 2004 than in recent years, due, in part, to an increased focus on budget issues. Forty-four States and the District of Columbia met in regular session, while the remaining States (Arkansas, Montana, North Dakota, Nevada, Oregon, and Texas) were not scheduled to meet in regular session this year. However, some of the latter did n1eet in special sessions dedicated to various issues. California, Connecticut, 111inois, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Virginia enacted a significant number of laws having to do with labor issues. 2 Volume aside, the legislation that was enacted by the States addressed a significant number of employment standards areas and included many important measures. Worker privacy was the "hot-button" issue of the year, with more than 30 pieces oflegislation enacted, while issues such as workplace violence and security, a variety of prevailing-wage issues, drug and alcohol testing in the workplace, the discharge of employees, child labor issues regarding hours of work permitted, payment of wages to employees, and plant closings were all included in new or amended legislation enacted in 2004. The legislation covers 23 S separate labor-related areas of interest. As of January 1, 2005, minimum-wage rates were higher than the Federal standard in Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, 111inois, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington. Of the 43 States with minimum-wage laws, only 2 (Kansas and Ohio) have rates lower than the Federal rate of $5.15 per hour. 3 This section briefly summarizes, by category, a number of the legislative activities that resulted in laws enacted or amended by the various State legislatures during the past year. Following the summary are more comprehensive descriptions of each State's legislative activities over the year. States with previously Minimum wage. scheduled increases in the minimum wage for January 1, 2005, were 111inois, with a new rate of $6.50 per hour; Oregon, $7 .25 per hour; Vermont, $7 .00 per hour; and Washington State, $7 .35 per hour. Subsequently, the District of Columbia ($6.60 per hour) and New York State ($6.00 per hour) passed legislation that also made the new rates effective on January 1, 2005. Earlier in 2004, Maine raised its minimum wage to $6.35 per hour. Florida voters approved a ballot measure Monthly Labor Review Janunry 2005 3 State Labor Laws, 2004 creating a minimum wage applying to all employees in the State covered by the Federal minimum wage. The State minimum wage will start at $6.15 per hour, with an effective date that is yet to be determined. Nevada voters also approved a minimum-wage ballot measure, requiring employers to pay employees $5.15 per hour worked if the employer provides health benefits or $6.15 per hour worked if the employer does not provide health benefits. Because the ballot issue in Nevada was a constitutional amendment, voters will have to approve the measure again in 2006 in order for it to take effect. The Common Council of Madison, Wisconsin, enacted a local ordinance raising the minimum wage to $5.70 per hour effective January 1, 2005, with additional raises scheduled for several years thereafter. The stipulated salary for those individuals classified as bona fide executive, administrative, or professional employees in Alaska is now required to be 2 times the State minimum wage for the first 40 hours of employment each week. Connecticut amended the percentages of the minimum wage that could be recognized as gratuities for tipped employees in the hotel/restaurant and other industries, while Massachusetts placed restrictions on employers' handling and distribution of tips or service charges provided directly to employees or via credit card payment of the customer's bill. Georgia preempted all locally established wage rates or employment benefits requiring employers to pay employees or provide benefits not otherwise required under Federal or State law. Overtime wages. The State overtime law of Kentucky was amended to exclude workers employed by third-party employers or agencies other than the families or households using those workers' services when such workers provide in-home companionship services for sick, elderly, or convalescing persons. These workers are among persons considered exempt from entitlement to overtime compensation. Hospitals in West Virginia may not require a nurse, either directly or through coercion, to accept any assignment of overtime, except in emergent, unforeseen situations. In addition, hospitals in the State may not take action against a nurse for refusing to accept an overtime assignment at the facility if the nurse declines to work the additional hours because doing so may, in the nurse's judgment, jeopardize patient or employee safety. Connecticut hospitals also are now prohibited from requiring nurses, nurse's aides, or physician's assistants to work additional hours beyond a predetermined schedule set up at least 48 hours prior to the start of the shift in question, except in certain circumstances. Prevailing wage. Prevailing-wage laws pertaining to public 4 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 works construction projects currently exist in 32 States and the Federal Government. 4 California law now stipulates that employees of nonprofit organizations who are employed with specially issued licenses or certificates are entitled to holiday pay when they perform work for contractors providing personal services on any State holiday that the State facility in which the services are being provided is closed. California law also was amended so that, effective January I, 2007, instead of a hearing officer being appointed to review penalty assessments for violations of public work contracts, the State director of industrial relations is required to appoint an administrative law judge for the conduct of those hearings. In Connecticut, persons or firms appearing on the Federal Contract Debarment list shall be liable for a civil penalty for each day or part of a day in which such persons or firms perform any work on any contract with the State or any of its agents. Delaware no longer requires contractors to submit copies of weekly sworn payroll records to the Department of Labor, but rather to maintain such records and produce a certified copy to the department upon its request. In order to be considered a responsible bidder, any Illinois contractor must comply with various Federal and State statutes, have a valid identification number, and participate in an applicable, approved, and registered apprenticeship or training program. Employers who violate the New Jersey prevailing-wage law may now be referred by the commissioner of labor to the State attorney general, or a designee, for investigation and prosecution. Custom fabrication in New Jersey is now included within the definition of "public work" and is subject to the State Prevailing Wage Act, regardless of whether the fabrication is or is not done on the site of the public work. New Mexico now prohibits unregistered contractors from bidding on public works projects subject to the Public Works Minimum Wage Act. In Rhode Island, employees or former employees, under a private right of action, may bring a civil suit for appropriate injunctive relief or actual damages, including reasonable attorneys' fees and costs of the action, within 3 years after the occurrence of the alleged wage or benefit violation. The Tennessee Prevailing Wage Commission has been urged to continue its efforts to develop an Internet application for the submission of survey forms by contractors. Agriculture. Florida raised the farm labor contractor certificate-of-registration fee and also raised the amount of civil penalties that may be charged for minor and major registration violations. New York law now requires that any employer engaged in agriculture notify its employees in writing of the conditions of employment utilized by that employer. The Washington State Department of Labor and In- dustries is now responsible for collecting and analyzing data from those agricultural employers required to implement a monitoring system for employees who handle certain types of pesticides. Child labor. The daily and weekly hours of work permitted for minors working during nonschool periods in agricultural packing sheds located in a specific county of California were amended. Illinois minors under 16 years may not sell tobacco in any of i!~ forms at any retail establishment selling tobacco products, unless the establishment is a family-owned business and the salesclerk is the son or daughter of the owner. Also in Illinois, designated adults, as well as parents or guardians, are now permitted to accompany their 12- or 13year-old minor who is officiating youth sports activities for a not-for-profit youth club or a municipal parks and recreation department. Louisiana modified the hours of work permitted for nongraduate minors under 16 years, those 16 years of age, and those 17 years of age. Michigan no longer prohibits minors from engaging in any construction work or operations they perform as an unpaid volunteer, so long as such activity is performed under adult supervision for a charitable housing organization. The Department of Labor in New York is now responsible for issuing child labor employment permits affecting child performers. State departments of labor. The Connecticut labor commissioner is now empowered to subpoena people and records deemed necessary to investigate complaints related to employee personnel, along with medical records kept by private-sector employers, but records obtained by such a subpoena are exempt from disclosure. The Department of Labor and the Department of Commerce in the State of Idaho have been combined into a new agency entitled the Department of Commerce and Labor. In Kansas, the Department of Human Resources has had its name changed to the Department ofU{r.~r. The Maryland secretary of labor, licensing, and regulation has been added to the Advisory Council on Offender Employment Coordination. In California, employers are required to submit written reports within 30 days to the local Emergency Medical Service agency director when an emergency medical technician-paramedic is termimted or suspended for disciplinary cause or reason or when the emergency medical technician-paramedic resigns following notice of an impending investigation. Illinois now requires police officers to be decertified or have their waiver (of completion of training requirements Discharge of employees. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis pending certification) revoked if, while under oath, the officer knowingly and willingly made false statements as to a material fact pertaining to an element of the offense of murder. New Hampshire employers may prorate, on a daily basis, the salaries of employees who, hired after the start of the regular pay period, terminate their employment of their own accord before the end of a pay period or are terminated for cause by the employer. Members of the Oklahoma State Police Pension and Retirement System who terminate their employment for the purpose of serving as a police officer with the Department of Defense in a war zone may purchase service credit, not to exceed 1 year, for time served with the military or the Department of Defense in a war zone. Tribal police officers commissioned by a State of Oklahoma law enforcement agency pursuant to a cross-deputization agreement with the State or a political subdivision thereof must comply with the specified training requirements as certified by the Council on Law Enforcement and Training. Tennessee amended its code regarding the discharge of higher education employees in order to provide a consistent and equitable method of reducing the workforce when necessary. Employers in the State of Washington may not discharge or discipline reserve officers because of leave taken related to an alarm, a fir~, or an emergency call. Finally, the Department of Workforce Development in Wisconsin is now required to promulgate rules specifying a grievance procedure for resolving complaints of alleged violations of the Wisconsin Works (w-2) Program, which prohibits employers from discharging a regular employee in order to create a w-2 position. Nurse staffing agencies in the District of Columbia are now required to be licensed by the Department of Health before providing or referring support to a health care facility. Also, any such agency must document the fact that those individuals referred or provided by the agency have satisfactorily completed all drug screening and background checks required by law or requested by the client. In order to be eligible for the award of a State contract for the construction or improvement of a publicly owned property, contractors and subcontractors in Idaho must provide a drug-free workplace program that complies with the provisions of the law and must maintain the program throughout the duration of the contract. In Illinois, charter bus services used to regularly transport students must demonstrate the physical fitness of their drivers by having them submit the results of a medical examination, including tests for drug use. Indiana now requires childcare providers to maintain and make available, at the facility and to their employees or volunteer caregivers, copies of drug-testing Drug and alcohol testing. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 5 State Labor Laws, 2004 results conducted for the provider. Iowa amended the law regarding private-sector drug testing to include the definition of a "controlled positive test result," excluding alcohol testing, as the result of a blood, urine, or oral fluid test wherein the level of controlled substances in the specimen meets or exceeds nationally accepted standards for determining detectable levels of controlled substances. Louisiana amended its law to make clear that samples other than urine, including blood, saliva, and hair, may be used for workplace drug testing, as long as the testing is done in specific certified laboratories. Maine employers with more · than 50 employees may request, require, or suggest that employees submit to a substance abuse test on a random or arbitrary basis if the employees are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement and the employer has developed a written policy prior to establishing any substance abuse testing program. In Mississippi, an employee may be required by his or her employer to submit to a drug test, as long as, prior to the implementation of a drug-testing program, the employer has provided the employee with at least 30 days' notice in the form of a written policy statement containing information about grounds on which the employer could require the employee to submit to the drug test. In Tennessee, neither a newly hired employee nor a currently working employee may serve as a driver for a childcare center until the employee has undergone a drug test and received a negative report, which is then provided to the center. Equal employment opportunity. Arkansas adopted a resolution condemning all public and private wage discrimination practices while reaffirming the State's commitment to equal pay for equal work. California amended the various State employment discrimination provisions to conform to those outlined in the Fair Employment and Housing Act, which also includes prohibitions against discrimination based upon race, color, sex, religion, marital status, national origin, ancestry, physical or mental disability, medical condition, age, or sexual orientation. Delaware eliminated the Equal Employment Review Board and replaced it with a State Right to Sue in Superior Court after administrative remedies for combating discrimination by employers, employment agencies, or labor organizations have been exhausted. Louisiana created the State Commission on Employment of Mental Health Consumers to develop a plan to address barriers that prevent persons with mental illness from seeking, obtaining, and maintaining employment. In addition, Louisiana created the Equal Pay Commission for .the purpose of studying and reporting on the factors affecting wage disparities, in both the public and private sectors, between men and women, and between minorities and nonminorities. 6 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 Maine instituted an Employee Suggestion System for State employees and now protects employees from discrimination by supervisors or other persons in authority because the employee, acting in good faith, has suggested savings or efficiencies. Massachusetts made it unlawful for employers to discriminate against any person in employment, reemployment, retention, promotion, or benefits on the grounds that that person has an obligation to join a uniformed military service of the United States, including the National Guard. The duties of the New Hampshire Legislative Ethics Committee have been expanded to include the investigation of allegations of improper conduct against members and of retaliation against employees who make good-faith allegations of sexual harassment. Tennessee amended the State's equal-pay law by instituting compensatory and punitive damages against employers who knowingly violate the law. Employee leasing. Rhode Island law was amended to require the registration of professional employer organizations, staff leasing companies, registered staff leasing companies, employee leasing companies, and other organizations with the Division of Taxation. The law also requires the division to regulate these entities and stipulates a fee that should be charged for their initial and subsequent annual registration. Family issues. State employees in Connecticut are now entitled to a maximum of 24 weeks of medical leave in any 2year period to serve as an organ or bone marrow donor. Private employees in the State are entitled to a maximum of 16 weeks of medical leave in any 24-month period to serve as an organ or bone marrow donor. The Hawaii House of Representatives adopted a resolution to require the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations to enforce the State Family Medical Leave Law in accordance with the intent of the legislature and to provide a status report to the legislature. Garment industry. The commissioner of labor is now required to publish quarterly reports that list the names of all registered apparel industry manufacturers and contractors in New York and all such entities that were found to be in violation of registering. Genetic testing. Neither the State of Washington, nor its political subdivisions, nor persons, firms, or corporations may require any employee or prospective employee to submit genetic information or to submit to screening for genetic information as a condition of employment or continued employment. Hours worked. Several States dealt with laws regarding the restoration and maintenance of various utilities during periods of emergency. Indiana flow exempts public utility employees and employees of contractors or subcontractors of the utility from the maximum hours of service permitted under Federal regulations when they are engaged in intrastate maintenance during a service interruption emergency relief effort. New Jersey also amended its hours-of-service provisions for drivers of commercial motor vehicles, while New York now exempts telephone utility truckdrivers involved in the emergency restoration of telephone service from the law's limitations on hours of labor or service. Finally, Oklahoma exempted its utility service vehicles engaged in intrastate commerce on an emergency basis from the hours-of-service regulations established by the U.S. Department of Transportation. When specific criteria are met, Minnesota now exempts drivers transporting agricultural commodities from Federal regu1at.ions on truckdrivers' hours of service. Inmate labor. The amended California Penal Code now permits persons assigned work in furlough programs to work in situations that allow them to retain or view a driver's license or credit card for no longer than the time needed to complete the transaction. Georgia increased the maximum allowed amount of earned time that can be awarded to an inmate who works on an authorized work detail. Louisiana permits inmates to perform manual labor, of their own free will, on buildings, improvements, or properties of certain tax-exempt organizations. Offsite work. Virginia now requires the head of each agency to implement a comprehensive statewide alternative work schedule policy under which eligible employees of State agencies may participate in alternative work schedules. The agencies are required to have a goal of achieving not less than 25 percent of their eligible workforce participating in alternative work schedules by July 1, 2009. Plant closing. A joint resolution was issued by the California legislature requesting that the President and Congress add a number of criteria to the list of essential criteria of military values that are used as the primary set of standards for nominating bases for closure or realignment. Also in California, State, Federal, and local government permanent career firefighters who have become unemployed within the last 48 months due to the closure of military bases may now be placed on a hiring hst that authorizes them to be preferentially hired under the current law. The Maryland secretary of the Department of Business and Economic Development is responsible for designating a single point of contact within the department for issues relating to the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis realignment and closure of military installations in the State. The owners of municipal airports in Minnesota are required to notify the commissioner of transportation of their intent to close an airport before or immediately upon the cessation of airport operations. 111inois employers with 75 or more employees must provide written notice of a mass layoff, relocation, or downsizing of workers, 60 days before the order takes effect, to affected employees, representatives of such employees, and the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity. Failure to do so could result in the assessment of monetary damages. Employers, persons, corporations, or institutions in Tennessee that file for bankruptcy or cease to operate as a business shall provide notice of the bankruptcy to the clerk or the department responsible for tracking child support payments for employees of those filing for bankruptcy or ceasing to operate at least 10 days prior to the entity's cessation of operations as a business. Failure to comply may result in civil penalties being assessed for each employee affected. Private employment agencies. In California, advanced-fee talent services are required to provide written disclosures to artists for specified services, to file a bond with the labor commissioner, and to maintain specified records. Maryland nursing referral service agencies engaged in the business of screening and referring home health aide services or other home health care services are permitted to receive a fee or other compensation for providing the service. In North Carolina, persons providing professional employer services to individuals other than temporary employees must be licensed whenever employment responsibilities are shared or allocated between a client company and a professional employer organization. Rh0de Island now considers as employers, and not independent contractors, all persons, firms, partnerships, corporations, limited-liability companies, or other legal entities that supply registered or licensed practical nurses to facilities requiring the services of such nurses. This employer entity is subject to all Federal and State laws that govern employee-employer relations. In addition, Rhode Island now prohibits employers and temporary staffing agencies from requiring their employees, as a condition of employment, (I) to provide transportation to other employees, (2) to charge an employee for transport services provided to that employee, and (3) to charge or collect fees from their employees for transportation services provided by other employees. Time offfrom work The District of Columbia now requires each of its agencies, as well as independent agencies, to establish a voluntary leave transfer program under which Monthly Labor Review January 2005 7 State Labor Laws, 2004 annual or universal leave accrued or accumulated by an employee may be transferred on an hour-for-hour basis within the agency to the annual or universal leave account of any other eligible employee. 111inois volunteer firefighters who do not receive monetary compensation for their services to a fire department or protection district and who do not work for any other fire department for monetary compensation may not be terminated by an employer because they are absent from or late to their employment as a result of having responded to an emergency prior to the time they were to report to work. Maine State National Guard members who are on duty for more than 5 consecutive days may elect to be members of the State retirement system. The Nebraska law requiring owners or operators of assembling plants, workshops, or mechanical establishments employing one or more persons to allow their employees not less than 30 consecutive minute:, +-or lunch does not apply to employment covered by a valid collective bargaining agreement or any other written agreement between an employer and an employee. Employees in Oklahoma who are summoned to serve as jurors and who notify their employers of the summons in a timely manner, after having received the summons and prior to their appearance for jury duty, may not be terminated, removed, or otherwise subjected to B.ny adverse employment action. If a Virginia employer fails to comply with State requirements entitling employees to a leave of absence without penalty to participate in State-mandated military duty or service, the State attorney general may represent the employee regarding any employment benefits denied while the employee is fulfilling his or her military duty. In addition, persons in Virgiriia who serve on a jury shall not be required by any employer to work on the day of service. Unfair labor practices. Maine enacted a law establishing a forestry rate proceedings panel consisting of forestry harvesters and haulers, forest landowners, and persons working in the public interest of the State in order to ensure a reasonable rate of compensat11n for the harvesting and hauling services of loggers and wood haulers by setting such a rate that, upon petition, is to be paid by a forest landowner for harvesting or hauling forest products in a specified area of the State. Rhode Island enacted legislation making it an unfair labor practice for any employer in the State with 50 or more employees to deny leave to an eligible employee who is a victim of a crime or to discharge, threaten to discharge, intimidate, or coerce the employee because the employee takes leave to attend a criminal proceeding. Wages paid. The Alaska Wage and Hour Law was amended 8 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 to provide an exemption for persons who permit students from the University of Alaska to gain practical work experience as employees of those persons while participating in a practicum. The amendment exempts any persons providing such experience from vicarious liability as an employer and exempts the student involved in the practicum from the State's Wage and Hour Act. As of January 1, 2008, California will require employers to furnish each employee with an accurate itemized earnings statement. Employers in Delaware are now permitted to furnish pay statements electronically to employees, as long as the statements provide the same information currently required by State law and as long as they are in a form capable of being retained by the employee. Louisiana employers who fail to pay their employees in a timely manner may be fined for a first violation, while a second such violation may result in the assessment of a fine and imprisonment. Rhode Island amended its law concerning back wage payment requirements to state that whenever an employee separates or is separated from an employer's payroll, the unpaid wages or compensation of the employee shall be due on the next regular payday at the usual place of payment. Virginia now permits employers to pay wages by crediting prepaid debit cards or card accounts from which the employee is able to withdraw or transfer funds, as long as the employer has made full disclosure of any fees and as long as the employee has consented to such method of payment. Worker privacy. California now requires that, when a subpoena is sent to a labor union for records related to a current or former member's employment, a notice be sent to the union member not less than 10 days prior to the date specified in the subpoena for the production of records, plus additional time if the service is by mail. School districts in Colorado are now required to submit, to the State Department of Education, certain identifying data for each unlicensed person they employ and to notify the department when the unlicensed employee is no longer employed by them. The Delaware Code was amended to limit the dissemination of police, probation, and parole officer identifying information to criminal justice agencies for law enforcement purposes. The amendment also makes clear that such information is not available to the general public under the Freedom of Information Act. Florida's Public Records Law was amended to create an exemption for identifying and locating information on current and former Federal officials, their spouses, and children. Such information will no longer be publicly available. In addition, Florida now excludes from disclosure under the Open Government Sunset Review Act the personnel records of those employed in licensed facilities that provide direct patient care or security services for a wide spectrum of individuals. In Idaho, when a health care provider has been terminated, either voluntarily or involuntarily, for adulteration or misappropriation of controlled substances, the employer must notify the provider's State professional licensing board within 30 days. The Kentucky Revised Statutes were amended to provide that employers who furnish information about the job performance, professional conduct, or evaluation of a former or current employee to a prospective employer of that employee, at the request of the prospective employer, shall be immune from civil liability arising out of the disclosure, unless certain conditions obtain. The Maryland Public Ethics Law was amended so that financial disclosure statements may not include a Ji ~ting of the employment or business entities of which a minor is the sole or a partial owner. In Minnesota, information about employees of secure treatment facilities, employees of correction facilities, or those involved in community supervision of offenders shall not be disclosed to patients, inmates, or others if facility or program administrators reasonably believe that the information will be used to harass, intimidate, or assault the employees. Ohio now permits the Division of Liquor Control to provide information on individual Social Security numbers to various State ::lnd local law enforcement offices for specific reasons listed in the law. Oklahoma imposed new restrictions on the release of Social Security information. Utah now allows background checks of all applicants, not just peace officers, for employment with a law enforcement agency. The Virginia tax commissioner is now permitted to provide to the commissioner of labor and industry, upon entering into a written agreement, such tax information as may be necessary to facilitate the collection of unpaid wages. West Virginia amended the State code regarding the privacy of records management and preservation by allowing the release of certain personal information to nongovernmental entities only for purposes authorized by Federal law or regulation. Alaska Minimum wage. The State regulations were amended so that, where the definition of an individual employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity for purposes of State law requires that the individual receive a minimum salary, the required minimum salary must be 2 times the State minimum wage for the first 40 hours of employment each week. Wages paid. The State Wage and Hour Law was amended to provide an exemption for a person who permits a student of the University of Alaska to gain practical work https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Workplace violence and security. In the continually expanding area of legislation addressing issues of workplace violence and security, the California State Vehicle Code was amended to require the Department of Motor Vehicles to complete a background check of an applicant's driving record prior to the applicant's submitting an application for an original commercial driver's license, or a renewal thereof, with hazardous-materials endorsement to the U.S. Transportation Security Administration. The background check is for the purpose of carrying out a security threat assessment. Idaho and Maryland also now utilize security check requirements for the drivers of motor vehicles transporting hazardous materials under the auspices of the Transportation Security Administration. The Department of Motor Vehicles in California is permitted to require that fingerprint images and associated information from an employee or a prospective employee include access to confidential or sensitive information. The department also is granted decisionmaking authority regarding the issuance or denial of certain types of documents. Kansas amended the State Public Information Act so that open meetings may now recess in order to discuss security measures that protect systems and facilities used in the transmission of energy; water or communication services; transportation systems; information systems of public bodies or agencies; certain other systems; and private property or persons. Employers in North Carolina are now permitted to file a petition for a no-contact order, without paying any filing fee, on behalf of employees who are victims of attempted injury, nonsexual contact, stalking, or threats. Tennessee no longer requires that persons being investigated pay the cost of background checks when applying for positions of trust as a State employee. The discussion that follows, separated by State, presents detailed descriptions of the bills enacted or amended by State legislative bodies during the past year. experience with the person while participating in a practicum. The person will be exempt from vicarious liability as an employer, and the student involved in the practicum will be exempt from the State's Wage and Hour Act. The exemptions are contingent on the supposition that the practicum is part of the student's curriculum and that the student receives no compensation. Occupations that are exempt from this ruling are agriculture; the catching of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic forms of animal or vegetable life; domestic service occupations, including babysitters; Federal and State government employees, including prisoners neither on furlough, detained, nor confined in prison facilities; nonprofit occupations of a religious, charitable, cemetery, civic, or educational organization; taxicab drivers; and registered guides. Arizona Worker privacy. The statutes relating to homeowner associations were amended to provide exceptions to the State requirement that association meetings be open and records be public when the meetings and records deal with the activities undertaken by those associations. When meetings are Monthly Labor Review January 2005 9 State Labor Laws, 2004 being held to discuss the personal, health, or financial information about a member of the association, an employee uf the association, or an employee of a contractor of the association, the open-meeting requirement does not apply. In addition, the requirement does not apply when the meeting concerns matters relating to the job performance of, the compensation of, the health records of, or specific complaints against an employee of the association or an employee of a contractor of the association who works under the direction of the association. An exemption from disclosure also applies for financial and other records that relate to the aforementioned topics and categories of individuals. the director of industrial relations, for an extended period of time through January 1, 2007, to appoint a hearing officer to review the penalty assessment. However, effective January 1, 2007, the director is required to appoint an administrative law judge for these hearings. Beginning 60 days after being served with a civil wage and penalty assessment and continuing thereafter, the contractor shall be liable for liquidated damages in an amount equal to the wages, or portion thereof, that remain unpaid. If the assessment or notice subsequently is overturned or modified after administrative or judicial review, liquidated damages shall be payable only on the wages found to be due and unpaid. Also effective on January 1, 2007, the labor commissioner shall, within 30 days after a contractor or subcontractor is served with a civil wage and penalty assessment, afford the contractor or subcontractor the opportunity to meet with the labor commissioner or a designee thereof to attempt to settle any dispute regarding the assessment without the need for a formal proceeding. Arkansas Equal employment opportunity. A resolution was adopted by the House of Representatives that condemned all public and private wage discrimination practices and reaffirmed the State's commitment to equal pay for equal work. The resolution stated that all State agencies, boards, commissions, and institutions of higher learning should continue to follow the State Uniform Classification and Compensation Act. California Prevailing wages. The State Government Code relating to public contracts was amended to preserve the eligibility to bid on State contracts for contractors employing persons with developmental disabilities. Employees of nonprofit organizations who are employed in accordance with ( 1) a specially issued license under the State Labor Code, (2) a specially issued certificate under Section 214, Title 29, of the United States Code, or (3) a community rehabilitation plan as described in the State Welfare and Institutions Code are entitled to holiday pay if they perform work for contractors providing personal services on any State holiday that the State facility in which the services being provided is closed. Among these employees are janitors, housekeepers, custodians, food service or laundry workers, window cleaners, and security guards. The law authorizing the imposition of civil wage and penalty assessments against contractors and subcontractors that fail to pay their workers the prevailing rate of per diem wages on a public works project was amended. The new language now requires l 0 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Wages paid. Effective January 1, 2008, employers are required to furnish each employee with an accurate, comprehensive itemized earnings statement. Employees shall be afforded the right to inspect or copy the records pertaining to their employment upon reasonable request to the employer. If a written or an oral request for information relative to a current or former employee is received, the employer must reply within 21 calendar days from the date of the request. Employee records shall be kept on file by the employer for at least 3 years at the place of employrr.ent or at a central location within the State. The failure by an employer to permit a current or former employee to inspect or copy records within the allotted time entitles that employee or the labor commissioner to recover a $750 penalty from the employer. An employee may also bring an action for injunctive relief to ensure compliance and is entitled to an award of costs and reasonable attorney's fees. Hours worked. The Business and Professional Code relating to cytotechnologists was amended so that these specialists are not required to examine more than 80 gynecologic slides in a 24-hour period when performing a manual review of slides. Laboratories reviewing slides while using automated or semiautomated screening devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration are to follow the January 2005 workload requirements established by the Clinical Laborat01y Improvement Amendments. It is also now required that slides reviewed with the use of automated or semiautomated screening devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration and requiring full manual review be counted against the applicable 80-slide, 24-hour limit. Finally, it is required that, when such specialists are represented by a labor organization, the maximum workload limitations be negotiated between the employer and the labor organization. Child labor. The provision in the child labor law authorizing the commissioner to permit the employment of minors 16 and 17 years of age to work up to 10 hours per day and more than 48, but not more than 60, hours in a week during peak season has been extended until 2008. The exemption is applicable only during nonschool periods in agricultural packing sheds located in Lake County. Discharge. Under the revised Health and Safety Code, employers are now required to report in writing to the medical director and authority of the local emergency medical services agency and provide all supporting documentation within 30 days when ( 1) an emergency medical technicianparamedic is terminated or suspended for disciplinary cause or reason, (2) an emergency medical technician-paramedic resigns following notice of an impending investigation based upon evidence indicating a disciplinary cause or reason, or (3) an emergency medical technician-paramedic is removed from paramedic duties for disciplinary cause or reason following the completion of an internal investigation. In addition, fines of up to $2,500 per violation may be assessed any emergency medical technician-para medic found to have committed certain actions that did not result in actual harm to a patient. However, fines may not be imposed if the technicianparamedic has previously been disciplined by the authority for any other act committed within the immediately preceding 5year period. Equal employment opportunity. Legislation was enacted that changed employment discrimination provisions in various State codes to conform with those codes prohibiting discrimination as outlined in the Fair Employment and Housing Act. Whereas the various codes had prohibited discrimination in employment on different bases, such as race, color, sex, religion, and marital status, the Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, religious creed, color, national origin, ancestry, physical disability, mental disability, medical condition, marital status, sex, age, or sexual orientation. The Federal nondiscrimination policy now applies to the protected classes enumerated in the Act in relation to service in the State Military Reserve in positions that do not require Federal recognition. Worker privacy. When a subpoena for documents is sent to a labor union for records related to a current or former member's employment, a notice must be sent to the union member not less than 10 days prior to the date specified in the subpoena for the production of the records, plus additional time if the employee has been subpoenaed by mail. This requii"~ment is the same as that pertaining to when a subpoena for documents is sent to an employer for records related to a current or former employee's employment. In that case, too, a notice must be sent to the employee. Such notice provides the worker the opportunity to oppose and prevent the disclosure of personal information. The State Business and Profession Code relating to horseracing was amended and now provides that every employer of backstretch workers shall, upon request, submit, in writing or electronically, to the administrator of the welfare program for backstretch workers, any employment records necessary for the prompt payment of benefits and proper administration of the program. The State bar, which provides for the licensing and regulation of attorneys and is a public corporation, shall conspicuously publicize to its members in the annual dues statement and other appropriate communications, including its Web site and electronic communications, that its members have the right to limit the sale or disclosure of information about them that is not reas<,nably related to regulatory purposes . In those communications, the State bar shall note the location of the bar 's privacy policy and shall outline the simple procedure by which a member may exercise his or her right to prohibit or restrict the sale or disclosure of the aforementioned information. On or before May 1, 2005, the bar shall report to the applicable committees on judiciary regarding the procedures that it has in place to ensure that members can appropriately limit the use of the said information. Inmate labor. The amended State Penal Code now permits persons assigned to https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis furlough programs to work in situations that allow thern to retain or look at a driver's license or credit card for no longer than the time needed to complete an immediate transaction, but not in any position that may require the deposit of a credit card or driver's license as insurance or surety. Any person confined who has access to any personal information shall disclose the fact that he or she is confined before taking any personal information from anyone. Employment agency. Persons who are seeking to become actors or actresses or who are performing as such and rendering services on the legitimate stage or in the production of motion pictures, radio or musical artists, directors, writers, composers, and extras may engage advancedfee talent agencies. Such agencies, which charge or receive an advance fee from an artist for specified services, are required to provide a written disclosure to the artist, file a bond with the labor commissioner, and maintain certain specified records. They may not charge an artist for photographs or lessons. Among the services provided by these agencies is procuring, offering, promising, or nttempting to procure auditions, employment, or engagements for the artist. The payee has no direct or indirect financial interest in the third party and does not accept any referral fee or other consideration for referring the artist. The payee also may receive advanced fees for managing or directing the development or advancement of the artist's career and for providing career counseling, career consulting vocational guidance, aptitude testing, evaluation, or planning in preparing the individual for employment as an artist. Right to work. The amended law enacted by the State now requires the State's Fiscal Crisis Management Assistance Team to review ( 1) district teacher hiring practices, (2) teacher retention rates, (3) the percentage of provision of highly qualified teachers, and (4) the extent of teacher misassignment. The team also is to provide recommendations on how to improve in each of these areas. In addition, the law requires the Commission on Teacher Credentialing to report, by April 15 of each year, to the legislature and the Gcwemor, the number of classroom teachers who received credentials, internships, and emergency permits in the previous fiscal year. The county superintendent of schools must annually monitor and review school-district-certified employee assignment practices. This law also rescinds the basic skills proficiency test requirement for those out-of-Stateprepared teachers who have had comparable, certifiable training. Plant closing. A joint resolution was issued by the State legislature requesting that the President and the Congress add the two criteria of "intellectual capital" and "total mission support" to the list of essential criteria of military values that the federally enacted Base Closure and Realignment Commission will use as its primary set of standards for nominating bases for closure or realignment. Federal, State, and local government permanent civilian career firefighters who lost their employment within the past 48 months due to the closure of military bases may now be placed on a hiring list that authorizes preferential hiring provisions under current law. Also, those laid-off workers have had their names added to the State Firefighter Joint Apprenticeship Program's eligibility list for a period of 48 months. Workplace violence and security. The State Vehicle Code was amended to require the Department of Motor Vehicles to complete a background check of each applicant's driving record prior to the applicant's submitting an application for an original commercial driver's license with hazardous-materials endorsement, or a renewal thereof, to the U.S. Transportation Security Administration for a security threat assessment. In addition, the department is required to issue or restore a hazardous-materials endorsement to an applicant who has had an endorsement denied, suspended, revoked, or cancelled upon receiving confirmation from the Transportation Security Administration that the applicant does not pose a security threat. The State Department of Motor Vehicles may now require fingerprint images and associated information from an employee or a prospective employee whose duties include or would include any of the following: ( 1) access to confidential information in the department's database, (2) access to confidential or sensitive information provided by a member of the public, including, but not limited to, a credit card number or a Social Security account number, (3) access to cash, checks, or other accountable items, (4) responsibility for the development or maintenance of a critical ;:iutomated system, and (5) making decisions regarding the issuance or denial of a license, endorsement, certificate, or indicia. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 11 State Labor Laws, 2004 Other laws. The Labor Code Ptivate Attorneys General Act of 2004 was amended by enacting specified procedural and administrative requirement s that must be met prior to bringing a private action to recover civil penalties for violations of the State Labor Code. Now, aggrieved employees must provide written notice of violations to the Labor and Workforce Developme nt Agency and to their employer. Such violations include, but are not limited to, violations of wage and hour overtime laws; child labor laws; agricultural, entertainment, and garment industry labor laws; and public works laws. If the agency fails to act within certain specified timeframes, and if the employer has not abated each violation alleged, the aggrieved employee may pursue a civil action. industry in the State is now required to recognize, as part of the minimum fair wage, gratuities in an amount that is (1) equal to 29.33 percent of the minimum fair wage per hour for persons, other than bartenders, who are employed in the hotel and restaurant industry, including a hotel restaurant, who customarily and regularly receive gratuities, (2) equal to 8.2 percent of the minim um fair wage per hour for persons employed as bartenders who customarily and regularly receive gratuities, and (3) not to exceed 35 cents per hour in any other industry. Overtime health care. Hospitals are now prohibited from requiring nurses, nurse's aides, or physician's assistants to work additional hours beyond a predetermin ed work schedule that is set up at least 48 hours prior to the start of the work shift, except under certain conditions. The prohibition does not apply to (l) a nurse participating in surgery, until the surgery is completed, (2) a nurse working in a critical care unit, until another employee beginning a scheduled work shift relieves the nurse, (3) a public health emergency, (4) an institutional emergency such as adverse weather, catastrophe, or widespread illness, or (5) a nurse covered by a collective bargaining agreement containing provisions addressing the issue of mandatory overtime. An individual can volunteer to work additional hours, but refusal to do so cannot be grounds for dismissal, discriminat ion, discharge, or any other penalty or adverse employmen t decision. Colorado Child labor. The State child labor law was amended to so that individuals under 18 years are now permitted to serve as directors of nonprofit corporations. Worker privacy. Each school district is now required to submit the name, date of birth, and Social Security number of each nonlicense d person employed by the district to the Department of Education, which will create and maintain a database of the information. The school district shall notify the department when a nonlicensed employee is no longer employed by the school district, and the department shall purge the employee's information from the database at least annually. Beginning in 2005, on or before August 30 of each year, the department shall submit, to the State Bureau oflnvestigat ion, a list of all persons employed by each school district in the State for the preceding year. All information maintained by the State Deferred Compensati on Committee that is contained in the State deferred compensation plan records of participants , former participants, inactive participants, recipients of benefits, and their dependents that specifically identify any financial information of such persons shall be kept confidential by the committee. Co1i:!'identiality does not apply when the monies in such a deferred compensati on plan are subject to due legal process. Connecticut Minimum wage. The hotel and restaurant 12 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Prevailing wage. No general contractor entering into a contract with the State or any of its agents will award construction, remodeling , refinishing , refurbishin g , alterations, or repair contracts for any State highway project to the persons or firms appearing on the Federal Contract Debarment list for a period of up to 3 years from the time their names initially appeared on the list. Further, prior to performing any of the previously listed types of work, under a contract, persons, firms, corporation s, partnerships, and associations must submit a sworn affidavit to the general contractor attesting to the fact that the persons or organization s listed hold less than a 10percent interest in a firm appearing on the list. Any person or firm that appears on the list shall be liable to the State Department of Labor for a civil penalty of $1,000 for each day or part of a day in which such person or firm performs any work under any contract with the State or any of its agents. January 2005 Family issues. The State Family Medical Leave Act was amended so that State employees shall be entitled to a maximum of 24 weeks of medical leave of absence within any 2-year period in order for such employees to serve as organ donors or bone marrow donors. Prior to beginning the leave, any permanent employee requesting such leave shall be required to provide sufficient certificatio n from his or her physician of the proposed organ or bone marrow donation and of the probable duration of the employee 's recovery period. Private employees shall be entitled to a total of 16 weeks of leave during any 24-month period in order to serve as an organ donor or a bone marrow donor. Worker privacy. The disclosure of voice mails under the Freedom of Information Act requires each public agency to open its records concerning the administrati on of such agency to public inspection, including records containing information in its personnel files, birth records , or confidential tax records, to the individual who is the subject of such information. Nothing in the Act shall require any public agency to transcribe the content of any voice-mail message and retain such record for any period of time. The name and address of, and any related identifying information concerning, a sexual harassment complainant in any internal sexual harassment investigation conducted by an affirmative action officer or other designated person on behalf of a State agency shall be confidential and shall be disclosed only upon order of the Superior Court. The exception to this requirement pertains to the disclosure of the name of the sexual harassment complainant to the accused during the State agency 's sexual harassment investigation, wherein the agency may disclose the name of the complainan t to other persons participating in the investigation. Plant closing. The general statutes regarding the Department of Public Utility Control were amended so that the costs for protecting displaced workers now include those reasonable costs incurred, prior to January 1, 2008, by an electric distribution company or an exempt wholesale generator of electricity and arising from the retraining of a former employee of an unaffiliated exempt wholesale generator when the employee was involuntary dislocated on or after January I, 2004, from the wholesale generator, except for cause. Departmen t of Labor. The labor com- missioner is now empowered to subpoena people and records deemed necessary to investigate complaints related to employee personnel and to medical records kept by private-sector employers. In cases of refusal to obey such subpoenas, upon the commissioner's request, the superior court is empowered to issue an order enforcing the subpoena. Documents obtained by such a subpoena are exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act. Delaware Prevailing wage. The State code relating to prevailing-wage requirements in public construction contracts was amended so that, instead of requiring contraclcrs to automatically submit copies of weekly sworn payrolls to the Department of Labor, the contractors and subcontractors are now required to maintain payroll records and produce a certified copy of the information, upon request, to the Department of Labor. The records are to be maintained for a period of 2 years from the last day of the workweek covered by the payroll. Wages paid. Employers may now furnish pay statements electronically to employees, so long as the electronic statement provides the same information currently required by the Wage Payment and Collection Act and is in a form capable of being retained by the employee. Because many employees may not have access to a computer, employers furnishing statements electronically must also provide employees with the option of receiving the statement in written form. Equal employment opportunity. The Equal Employment Review Board has been eliminated and replaced by a corresponding "State Right to Sue" in superior court. The alleged injured party may invoke ·'State Right to Sue" after he or she has exhausted administrative remedies for combating discrimination by employers, employment agencies, or labor organizations. A charge of discrimination shall be filed within 120 days of the occurrence or discovery of the alleged unlawful incident. Joint labor-management committees controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs, including on-the-job training programs, shall be in violation of the law if they utilize any factor such as race, marital status, genetic information, color, age, religion, or national origin to discriminate against potential employees or take adverse actions if the employee has testified, assisted, or partici- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis pated in any manner in an investigation. proceeding, or hearing to assist in the enforcement of the provisions of the law. It shall not be an unlawful practice for employers to classify employees by religion, genetic information, age, sex, or national origin in those instances in which these factors are a bona fide occupational qualification that is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise. At the end of the administrative process put in place by the ·'State Right to Sue," when the charge has been dismissed, or a no-cause determination has been issued, or conciliation efforts have failed, a "State Right to Sue" notice shall be issued. In these cases, the State superior court has jurisdiction and authority to provide relief. Worker privacy. The State code was amended by the addition of an act limiting the dissemination of the names and identification numbers of police, probation, and parole officers to designated criminal justice agencies for law enforcement purposes. The amendment clarifies the fact that such information is not available to the public pursuant to the Freedom oflnformation Act. Information from criminal history records shall include a random identification number that is unique and permanent to each arresting officer as a surrogate for the officer's agency or department-issued identification number. Workplace violence and security. A resolution was passed urging Congress to amend the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 so that it will be applicable only to workers who have been convicted of felonies that can be demonstrated to constitute clear threats to the facilities at which the workers are employed or seek employment. Current provisions of the Act stipulate that persons convicted of a felony within the last 7 years are precluded from working at America's ports. District Of Columbia Minimum wage. The District increased its required minimum wage to $6.60 per hour. Time off The District of Columbia's Comprehensive Merit Personnel Act of 1978 was amended and now requires each agency, independent or otherwise, to establish a voluntary leave transfer program under which annual or universal leave accrued or accumulated by an employee may be transferred on an hour-for-hour basis within the agency to the annual or universal leave account of any other eligible employee. Recipient employees may use contributed annual or universal leave in the same manner as if the leave had accrued to them, provided that any annual, universal, sick, or advanced leave shall be exhausted before any transferred leave may be used by the affected employee. Each agency, independent or otherwise, shall maintain an accounting of the voluntary leave transfer program and the leave records of both the recipient employee and the leave contributor. Drug and alcohol testing. Nurse staffing agencies, which are now required to be licensed by the Department of Health before providing or referring support to a health care facility, must verify and document the fact that nursing personnel, home health aides, and personal care aides provided or referred by the agency have satisfactorily completed all drug screening and all background checks required by law or requested by the client, before the aforementioned personnel are referred to a health care facility or agency or to an individual. Florida Agriculture. Under an old act newly named and relating to agricultural and migrant labor, the farm labor contractor certificate-ofregistration fee has been raised from $75 to $125. Civil penalties for minor violations now range from warnings for first violations to a range of fines increasing from $250 to $2,500. Penalties for major violations range from $750 to $2,500 or revocation of the certificate for multiple violations within a 2-year period. The Department of Business and Professional Regulation may now refuse to issue certificates of registration where (I) payment of the applicant's fine assessed by the department is overdue or (2) the contractor has had a Federal certificate of registration denied, suspended, or revoked. The department may permanently revoke or refuse to issue or renew a certificate of registration if, within the last 5 years, the applicant or certificate holder has been convicted of a crime under specific State or Federal laws. Contractors also are required to designate an agent who must be available during regular business hours, Monday through Friday, to accept service of process and other official or legal documents on behalf of the contractor. The receipt and acceptance of a certificate of registration as a farm labor contractor Monthly Labor Review January 2005 13 State Labor Laws, 2004 con~tilutes unconditional permission for, and acquiescence by, the contractor to inspection by department personnel of books, ledgers, and all other documents related to the performance of the contractor's farm labor activities. The department shall develop and implement, for a farm labor contractor, a best-practices incentive program that establishes certain requirements for the contractor to meet in order to qualify for the incentives bestowed as a result of the designation. Worker privacy. The State's Public Records Law was amended to create an exemption from the public records requirements for identificatory and locational information on current and former Federal officials, their spouses, and their children. Thus, information regarding U.S. attorneys, assistant U.S. attorneys,judges of the U.S. court of appeals, judges of the U.S. district courts, and Federal magistrates is exempt from disclosure. Such information, including home addresses, telephone numbers, Social Security numbers, photographs of the officials or their spouses or children, addresses of the places of employment of the officials' spouses, and the names and locations of schools and daycare facilities attended by the officials' children, is prohibited from being released as a part of the public record. In addition, the Social Security numbers of agency employees are exempt from disclosure by the employing agency, except that nonemploying custodial agencies shall maintain the exempt status of Social Security numbers only if the employee or employing agency of the employee submits a written request for confidentiality to the custodial agency. The personnel records of those employed in licensed facilities that provide direct patient care or security services for a wide spectrum of individuals, including, among others, prisoners, criminal suspects brought for treatment by local law enforcement officers prior to incarceration, patients under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and patients who have been admitted for treatment for mental illness (including involuntary admissions), are exempt from disclosure under the Open Government Sunset Review Act. Should any of these individuals gain access to persu11ai information of such employees, the information could be used to threaten, intimidate, harass, or cause physical harm or other injury to the employees who provide direct patient care or security services or to their families. This amended law maintains that the home addresses, telephone numbers, and photographs (but not the Social Security numbers) of employees, along with similar 14 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis information (but, again, not their Social Security numbers) on their spouses and children, as well as information on the places of employment of spouses and the names and locations of schools and daycare facilities attended by the children of such persons, are confidential. Georgia Minimum wage. All mandates that require an employer to pay any or all of its employees a wage rate or provide employment benefits not otherwise required under State or Federal law, but that have been adopted by any local government entity, are preempted. No local government entity may adopt, maintain, or enforce, by charter, ordinance, purchase agreement, contract, rule, regulation, or resolution, either directly or indirectly, a wage rate or employment benefit mandate. However, any local government entity may offer its own employees employment benefits. Worker privacy. Public disclosure shall not be required for records that would reveal the home addresses or telephone numbers, Social Security numbers, or insurance or medical information of employees of the State Department of Revenue. Inmate labor. An amendment to the State code was enacted in order to change provisions relating to the earned-time allowances of inmates in county correctional facilities and to increase the maximum amount of earned time that may be awarded when an inmate does work on an authorized work detail. The sheriff or custodian may authorize the award of not more than 4 days' credit for each day's work on an authorized work detail. Such increased credit for performance on a work detail shall not apply to inmates incarcerated for a second or subsequent offense of driving under the influence, for a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature, or for a crime committed against a family member. Hawaii Prevailing wage. A resolution was adopted urging the State congressional delegation to ensure that, when privatization construction contracts are let under the Residential Communities Initiative at military bases located in the State, (1) at least 80 percent of Federal expenditures for the contracts stay in Hawaii through the hiring of local January 2005 construction firms and local laborers; (2) inquiries are made and, if necessary, cause investigations to be initiated so that the piecework systems and rate fixing do not act to circumvent the Davis-Bacon Act; and (3) steps are taken to ensure that local contractors are not underbid by mainland firms for the contracts falling under the initiative. Family issues. The State House of Representatives adopted a resolution requiring the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations to enforce the State Family Medical Leave Law in accordance with the intent of the legislature. The department is to provide the legislature with a status report on (I) the adoption of rules that are consistent with the legislative intent, (2) the number of employers that are self-insured for temporary disability insurance and that have denied employees the use of sick leave for family leave purposes, and (3) the number of employees who are covered by an employer's selfinsured temporary disability insurance plan and who have been denied the use of sick leave for family leave purposes. Other laws. Counties within the State may enter into a formal agreement with the State government to extend its deferred compensation retirement plan and the plan's provisions to part-time, temporary, and seasonal or casual employees of the county. Such an agreement may be entered into, provided that the agreement designates one of the county agencies to coordinate the plan locally and provided that the agreement acknowledges that fees may be levied on the county to cover costs incurred by the State for county plans. Idaho Wages paid. The State tax law was amended so that employers who are required to withhold, collect, and pay income taxes on the wages or salaries of their employees, but who fail to make a timely payment of the income taxes as required, may be subject to the State Tax Commission's treating the failure as a failure to file a return, and the commission may take authorized administrative and judicial actions for such failure. Drug and alcohol testing. In order for contractors to be eligible for the award of any State contract for the construction or improvement of any public property or publicly owned building within the State, (1) they must provide a drug-free work- place program that complies with the provisions of the law and is otherwise constitutionally permitted for employees, including temporary employees, and maintain the program throughout the duration of the contract; and (2) they may subcontract work under State construction contracts only to those subcontractors meeting requirement (1). Contractors that submit a bid for a State construction contract and that are required to comply with the provisions of the Employer Alcohol and Drug-Free Workplace Act shall submit an affidavit, along with the bid, verifying the contractor's compliance with the provisions of this section of the act. Worker privacy. When a health care provider has been terminated, either voluntarily or involuntarily, for adulteration or misappropriation of controlled substances, the employer shall furnish written notice of the termination to the health care provider's State professional licensing board within 30 days of the event. Employers who provide such information in good faith shall not be held civilly liable for the disclosure or the consequences of providing the information. Professional licensing boards shall maintain such notices of termination for 15 years from the date of receipt by the board. Before hiring such workers, prospective employers of health care providers shall request, in writing, that the professional licensing board furnish the prospective employers any notice of termination maintained by the board with respect to the health care provider. Workplace security. The State transportation law concerning motor vehicle drivers of hazardous materials was amended and now requires licensees applying for a hazardous-material endorsement of a driver's license to have a security background records check and to receive clearance from the Federal Transportation Security Administration before the endorsement can be issued, renewed, or transferred. Applicants for endorsement shall provide either proof of U.S. citizenship or prnof of a lawful, permanent U.S. residence, as well as a valid alien registration number from the Federal Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. The State's Department of Labor. Departments of Labor and Commerce have been joined in a new agency entitled the Department of Commerce and Labor. The director of the new department shall have https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis all the powers and duties as may have been or could have been exercised by his or her predecessors in law and shall be the successor in law to all contractual obligations entered into by his or her predecessors in law. Other laws. The tax credit for employers who hire new employees was increased to $1,000 per employee. The credit shall apply to employees who, in the calendar year ending in the taxable year for which the credit is claimed, receive annual earnings at an average rate of $12.50 or more per hour worked and who, during such calendar year, were eligible to receive employerprovided coverage under an accident or a health plan. Illinois Minimum wage. The State's minimum wage rose to $6.50 per hour as scheduled. Overtime. Employees of a governmental body who are excluded from the definition of "employee" under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 are not subject to receiving compensation at a rate of not less than 1½ times their regular rate of pay. Other employees who are exempt from receiving this overtime rate of pay are those employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, including any radio 0r television announcer, news editor, or chief engineer, as defined by or covered by the Act and the rules adopted under it, as both existed on March 30, 2003, but who are compensated at the salary specified in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as proposed in the Federal Register on March 31, 2003, or with a greater amount of salary as may be adopted by the U.S. Department of Labor. A governmental body in the State is not in violation of the Act if the body provides compensatory time pursuant to Section 7 of the Act, as now or hereafter amended, or is engaged in fire protection or law enforcement activities and meets the requirements of Sections 7 and 13 of the Act, as now or hereafter amended. Prevailing wage. The law concerning bidding requirements for contractors on construction contracts was amended. In order for a contractor to be considered a responsible bidder for a construction contract, ( 1) the contractor must comply with all laws concerning the bidder's entitlement to conduct business in the State; (2) the contractor must comply with all applicable provisions of the Prevailing Wage Act; (3) the contractor must comply with the applicable chapters of the U.S. Code dealing with equal employment opportunities; (4) the contractor must have a valid Federal employer identification number or a valid Social Security number; and (5) the contractor and its subcontractors must participate in applicable apprenticeship and training programs approved and registered by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training. The provisions of these amendments shall not apply to any federally funded construction project if such application would jeopardize the receipt or use of Federal funds in support of such a project. Child labor. No minor under 16 years may sell tobacco in any of its forms at a retail establishment selling tobacco products. This restriction does not apply to a sales clerk in a family-owned business, upon proof that the sales clerk is a son or daughter of the owner. Tobacco products sold in single packs must be sold from behind the counter, in an age-restricted area or a sealed display case. These restrictions do not apply if tobacco-related products are sold in an establishment that (1) derives at least 90 percent of its revenue from tobacco and tobacco-related products, (2) does not permit persons under 18 years to enter the premises unless accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, and (3) posts a sign on the main entrance prohibiting the admission of such persons. A violation of this act is a petty offense for which the court shall impose a fine of not less than $100 or more than $1,000. The requirement in the child labor provisions that a parent or guardian accompany a 12- or 13-year-old minor who is officiating youth sports activities for a notfor-profit youth club, park district, or municipal parks and recreation department has been amended so that it is also satisfied if an adult designated by the parent or guardian accompanies the minor. Time off. The State Service Men's Employment Tenure Act was amended to be titled "The Service Member's Employment Tenure Act." The act affects the reemployment rights of employees who leave a public utility to enter the military service of the United States. It was established that, when an employer knowingly violates the provisions of this act, a business offense has been committed that is punishable by a fine of not less than $5,000 and not more than $10,000. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 15 State Labor Laws, 2004 Volunteer firefighters who do not receive monetary compensation for their services to a fire department or fire protection district and who do not work for any other fire department for monetary compensation may not be terminated by their employers because they are absent from or late to their employment in order to respond to an emergency prior to the time they are to report to work. However, employers may charge, against their employees' regular pay, any time that their employees lose as a result of responding to an emergency. Employers may require their employees to provide them with a written statement from the supervisor or acting supervisor of the volunteer fire department stating the time and date of the emergency. Employees are expected to make a reasonable effort to notify their employers of such an emergency. Any employer who violates this act is liable to civil action brought by the affected employee for reinstatement to his or her former position, payment of back wages, and reinstatement of fringe benefits and seniority. Civil action must be commenced within 1 year after the date of the employer's violation. Discharge. The State Police Training Act was amended. A police officer shall now be decertified or have his or her waiver (of completion of training requirements pending certification) revoked if, while under oath, the officer knowingly and willfully made false statements as to a material fact pertaining to an element of the offense of murder. If an appeal is filed, the determination of decertification or revocation of waiver shall be stayed. In the case of an acquittal on a charge of murder, a verified complaint may be filed, within two 2 years, by the defendant or by a police offic.:ef with personal knowledge of perjured testimony. Within 30 days, a determination will be made on whether the complaint is without merit or whether further investigation is warranted. The accused officer shall not be placed on unpaid status because of the filing or processing of the verified complaint, until there is a nonappealable order sustaining his or her guilt and certification is revoked. Nothing restricts the public employer from pursuing disciplinary action against the officer in the normal course of events and under procedures then in place. Drug and alcohol testing. The State School Code was amended by adding a section which specifies that, when charter bus services are provided solely for the purpose of regularly transporting students, 16 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis the drivers must demonstrate physical fitness to operate the school buses by submitting the results of a medical examination, including tests for drug use, to a State regulatory agency. Worker privacy. The Department of Public Health shall establish and administer a nursing workforce database. The objective of maintaining such a database shall be to track the State's nursing workforce, and the database shall contain information that may be released under the Freedom of Information Act. Among the information to be collected are (1) current and projected population demographics and available health indicators to project the demand for nursing services; (2) data that will be used to create a dynamic system for projecting nurse workforce supply and demand; (3) information on workforce issues such as the diversity, educational mix, and geographic distribution of the nursing workforce, as well as information on the number of nurses needed; ( 4) current and projected numbers of nursing faculty required to educate the nurses who will be needed; (5) data on nursing education programs, applications, enrollments, and graduation rates; (6) data needed to develop collaborative models between nursing education and practice in order to identify nursing competencies , educational strategies, and models of professional practice; and (7) data on nurse practice settings, practice locations, and specialties. The department may not disclose any of its data in a manner that would allow the identification of a particular health care professional or facility. A report to the Governor regarding the development and effectiveness of the use of the database shall be made no later than January 15, 2006. Plant closing. Legislation was enacted that requires employers with 75 or more employees to provide written notice of a mass layoff, relocation, or employment loss, 60 days before the order takes effect, to affected employees, representatives of affected employees, and the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, along with the chief elected official of each municipal and county government within which said employment action occurs. Failure to provide such notice makes the employer liable for backpay at the employee's average regular rate of pay, along with the value of the cost of any benefits to which the employee would have been entitled. Liability is calculated up to a maximum of 60 days or one-half the number January 2005 of days that the employee was employed by the employer, whichever period is smaller. Employers also may be subject to a $500 civil penalty for each day the violation continues. Indiana Hours worked. The State Utilities and Transportatio n Code was amended and now exempts employees of a public utility or of a subcontractor or contractor thereof from the maximum hours of service they are permitted to work under Federal regulations. This exemption applies when the individual (l) holds a commercial driver's license and (2) operates a commercial motor vehicle as a utility service vehicle while engaged in intrastate maintenance or repair work during an emergency involving an interruption of the utility's service. Drug and alcohol testing. The State Human Services Code was amended to require childcare providers to offer, maintain, and make available to the State, at no expense thereto, copies of drug-testing results for employees or volunteer caregivers at the facility where the provider operates the childcare service. Worker privacy. Individual records and information on membership in the Public Employees Retirement Fund are now confidential, except for the name and the number of years of service of a participant in the fund. Iowa Drug and alcohol testing. The law regarding private-sector employee drug testing was amended to include the definition of "controlled positive test result" to mean, with the exception of alcohol testing, the result of a blood, urine, or oral fluid test in which the level of controlled substances or metabolites in the specimen analyzed meets or exceeds nationally accepted standards for determining detectable levels of controlled substances. If nationally accepted standards for oral fluid tests have not been adopted by the Federal Substance Abuse and Health Services Administratio n, the standards for identifying detectable levels of controlled substances for purposes of determining a confirmed positive test result shall be the standard that has been established by the Federal Food and Drug Administration for the measuring instru- ment used to perform the oral fluid test. Under the revised law, "samples" shall include only urine, saliva, breath exhalations, and blood. Kansas Any person applying Worker privacy. for employment as a law enforcement officer is required to disclose any arrests, convictions, or diversions 5 and shall allow the State Law Enforcement Training Commission to obtain expunged records in order to determine the applicant's eligibility. Furthermore, when any law enforcement officer leaves his or her position, the responsible agency would make a report explaining the circumstances surrounding the termination or resignation. The report shall be available to the terminated officer upon written request and also shall be available to any law enforcement agency to which the terminated officer later applies for a position as a police or law enforcement officer. This legislation, which is intended to prevent the hiring of police officers who were terminated for cause in other jurisdictions, mandates the establishment, by the director of the State Law Enforcement Training Commission, of a registry to be a resource for all agencies that appoint or elect police or law enforcement officers to use in reviewing employment applications. The registry shall be made available only to those agencies which appoint or elect police or law enforcement officers. Workplace security. The State Public Information Act was amended. Upon a formal motion to do so, open meetings may now recess, but not adjourn, in order to discuss security measures that protect ( 1) systems, facilities, or equipment used in the production, distribution, or transmission of energy, water, or communication services; (2) transportation and sewer or wastewater treatment systems, facilities, or equipment; (3) a public body or agency, a public building or facility, or the information system of a public body or agency; or ( 4) private property or persons. The purpo~t of the amendment is to protect against criminal acts intended to intimidate or coerce civilians, influence government policy, or affect the operation of government through mass destruction, assassination, kidnapping, or the disruption of public services. the Employment and Training Administration under the Department of Human Resources have been transferred to the Division of Workforce Development in the Department of Commerce. The remaining duties of the Department of Human Resources stay with the newly named Department of Labor. Kentucky Overtime. The State overtime law was amended in order to exclude individuals who are employed by a third-party employer or agency, other than the associated family or household, to provide in-home companionship services for a sick, elderly, or convalescing person. Now, those individuals are considered exempt from entitlement to overtime compensation. The services in question may include household work related to the care of the aged or infirm person, along with general household work, as long as the household work is incidental and the time spent doing it does not exceed 20 percent of the total weekly hours worked. The services do not include those related to the care and protection of the aged or infirm which require and are performed by trained personnel, such as a registered or practical nurse. The State Revised Worker privacy. Statutes were amended to provide that employers who furnish information about the job performance, professional conduct, or evaluation of a former or current employee to a prospective employer of that employee, at the request of the employee or prospective employer, shall be immune from civil liability arising out of the disclosure. This immunity is in place unless the plaintiff in a civil action proves that ( 1) the employer disclosed the information knowing that it was false, with reckless disregard of whether it was true or false or with the intent to mislead the prospective employer, or (2) the disclosure of the information by the employer constitutes an unlawful discriminatory practice. This amended code does not create a new cause of action or substantive legal rights against an employer, nor does it limit an employer's immunity from civil liability or defenses established in another section of the State Revised Statutes or available under common law. Louisiana Department of Labor. The Departm~nt of Human Resources has had its name changed to the Department of Labor. The duties of https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Wages paid. The State wage payment law was amended and now excludes those persons considered exempt pursuant to the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act from being included in the definition of the term "employee." In addition, those employers who fail to pay their employees in the timely manner required may be fined not less than $25 or more than $250 for each day they remain in violation of the law. A second such violation may, in addition to incurring the same fines, subject a person to imprisonment of not less than 10 days. The section of the State Child labor. child labor law concerning permissible hours of work was amended. Minors 16 years of age who have not graduated from high school are now prohibited from being employed or from being permitted or suffered to work between the hours of l l :00 P.M. and 5:00 A.M. prior to the start of any schoolday. Minors under 16 years who have not graduated from high school shall not be employed or suffered or permitted to work between the hours of 7:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. prior to the start of any school day or between the hours of 9:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. on any day. Minors employed in the dairy industry are exempt from this restriction. No minor 17 years of age who has not graduated from high school shall be employed or permitted or suffered to work between the hours of 12:00 A.M. and 5:00 A.M. prior to the start of any schoolday. Minors who have taken and passed a General Education Development (GED) test and who have been awarded a high school equivalency diploma from the State Department of Education will be considered to have graduated from high school. A Equal employment opportunity. resolution was adopted that created the State Commission on Employment of Mental Health Consumers, to study and develop a plan to address barriers that prevent persons with mental illness from seeking, obtaining, and maintaining employment. The plan shall be submitted to all appropriate parties prior to the convening of the 2005 regular legislative session. The State has created the Equal Pay Commission for the purpose of making a full and complete study of the factors affecting wage disparities, in both the public and private sector, between men and women, as well as between minorities and nonminorities. The Commission will investigate such factors as the segregation of men and women and of minorities and nonminorities, lower wages of occupations Monthly Labor Review January 2005 17 State Labor Laws, 2004 traditionally dominated by women and minoriti~s, child-rearing responsibilities, and the consequences of such disparities on the economy and affected families. The commission also will propose actions and legislation that are likely to lead to the elimination and prevention of such disparities. The commission shall report its findings and recommendations. Sunset for the commission is July 1, 2006. coordinate with health insurance issuers, health maintenance organizations, em ployers, or other entities to facilitate coverage for those who are eligible. Maine Minimum wage. The scheduled increase in the minimum wage was implemented, and the State minimum wage is now $6.35 per hour. Drug and alcohol testing. The law pertaining to drug and alcohol testing was amended to specify that samples other than urine, including blood, saliva, and hair, may be used for workplace drug testing. All drug testing of samples collected in the State, including its territorial waters and any other location to which the laws are applicable, shall be performed in specific certified laboratories if both of the following conditions apply: (I) as a result of such testing, mandatory or discretionary negative employment consequences will be rendered to the individual and (2) drug testing will be performed for any or all classes of marijuana, opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, and phe!1ryc 1idine. Inmate labor. Inmates may now perform manual labor, of their own free will, on buildings, improvements, or properties of tax-exempt organizations, including (I) posts and organizations of past or present U.S. Armed Forces members, auxiliary units or societies, and trusl., and foundations if such posts or organizations are organized in the United States or its possessions (membership must comprise specific categories of persons, and no part of net earnings must inure to the benefit of a private shareholder); and (2) any association organized before 1880 in which more than 75 percent of its members are past or present members of the Armed Forces and a principal purpose of which is to provide insurance and other benefits to veterans or their dependents. Other laws. When individuals lose health insurance coverage as a result of their employer's going out of business and terminating a health benefits plan, and those individuals are eligible for the Health Coverage Tax Credit under Federal law, the Department of Insurance shall administer the Federal Health Coverage Tax Credit Program to ensure that the individuals in question have access to affordable health insurance. The department shall establish a pilot program to increase access to affordable health insurance anr:I shall 18 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Prevailing wage. Permits and contracts issued for the harvesting of timber from reserved and nonreserved public lands shall now include a provision requiring that persons engaged in timber harvesting on such lands be compensated at rates not less than the most recently issued prevailingwage and piece rates and equipment allowances established for the pulpwood and logging industry, as determined by the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards. If the department does not determine a prevailing-wage or piece rate for a timberharvesting occupation, the director of the department may establish those rates, applicable only to permits and contracts on public reserved and nonreserved lands governed by the law, by referring to prevailing rates and allowances in the industry for that occupation or type of equipment. Time off. State National Guard members who are on duty for more than 5 consecutive days may elect to be members of the State Retirement System. In addition, if one of the parents of a minor is a member of the National Guard or the U.S. Armed Forces Reserves on orders to report to active duty for a period of more than 30 days, a temporary guardianship that would otherwise expire is automatically extended until 30 days after the parent is no longer .under active-duty orders or until an order of the court so provides. The extension of the guardianship is in effect as long as the parent's service is in support of an operational mission for which members of the affected components of the Reserve have been ordered to active duty without their consent or if the forces are activated during a period of war declared by Congress or a period of national emergency declared by the President or Congress. Equal employment opportunity. The State established the Employees Suggestion System, whereby State employees in classified service are eligible for cash or honorary January 2005 awards for submitting suggestions that would result in substantial savings, improvements, or efficiencies in State operations. State supervisors or other persons in authority may not discriminate against an employee regarding the employee's terms, conditions, location, or privilege of employment because the employee, acting in good faith, has suggested savings or efficiencies. Drug and alcohol testing. Employers who employ 50 or more employees not covered by a collective bargaining agreement and who have instituted or appointed an employee committee responsible for developing a written policy prior to establishing any substance abuse testing program that applies to all employees may request, require, or suggest that employees submit to a substance abuse test on a random or arbitrary basis. Union employees working for such an employer are covered only in conjunction with a collective bargaining agreement. The committee testing policy must be approved by the Department of Labor. Committee membership must include a medical review officer and must be appointed from a cross section of those eligible to be tested. Only entities not subject to the employer 's influence, such as the medical review officer, may select employees for testing. Employers may not discharge, suspend, demote, discipline, or otherwise discriminate (for example, with regard to compensation or working conditions) against an employee for participating or refusing to participate in such an employee committee. Employees who show initial confirmed positive results shall be provided with an opportunity to participate in an employee assistance program if the employer has such a program. Worker privacy. Records in the possession of the State Retirement System and containing home contact information pertaining to its members, recipients of benefits, trustees, nontrustee members of hoard committees, and staff are confidential and not subject to public disclosure. This exclusion from disclosure does not apply to the home contact information about a retirement system member or recipient of benefits if that person has signed a waiver of confidentiality regarding such information. Unfair labor practice. The State enacted a law establishing a forestry rate proceedings panel with members representing the forest products harvesters and haulers, the forest landowners, and the public interests of the State. Upon petition, the panel will set a reasonable rate of compensation for harvesting and hauling services of loggers and wood haulers, to be paid by a forest landowner in a specified area of the State. Individual forest product haulers and harvesters may join together to bargain with forest landowners over prices and terms of contracts. Petitions may be filed with the panel by a forest landowner or a person representing at least three harvesters or haulers in order to initiate proceedings to determine reasonable rates of compensation. While one or more harvesters or haulers may negotiate a rate with a forest landowner for an area defined by the State, any agreement reached is contingent upon . review and approval by the panel. Where panel rates are not applicable, forest landowners and haulers or harvesters may determine their own compensation rate agreement. Maryland Employers in Garrett Child labor. County who possess licenses to sell alcoholic beverages are no longerrestricted from hiring individuals who are under 18 years, as long as those individuals do not handle the alcoholic beverages during the course of their duties. A law was enacted Whistleblower. providing employees of contractors hired by the State with whistleblower protections. Specified employers that enter into State procurement contracts are required to provide written notice of particular protections and remedies to employees. These employers may not take or refuse to take any personnel action as a reprisal against an employee because the employee ( 1) discloses information that he or she reasonably believes affords evidence of an abuse of authority, gross mismanagement, or a gross waste of money, (2) objects to or refuses to participate in any activity, policy, or practice in violation of the law, or (3) seeks a remedy under this law following a disclosure under item ( 1). The employee may bring a civil action in the county where (1) the alleged violation occurred, (2) the employee resides, or (3) the employer maintains its principal office in the State. Such action shall be brought within 1 year of the time the alleged violation occurred or within 1 year of the time the employee first became aware of the alleged violation. Worker privacy. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Applicants for positions with, or employees of, the State's Internal Investigative Unit of the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services are not exempt from being subject to the use of a lie detector or a similar test for employment purposes. The State Public Ethics Law was amended so that financial disclosure statements may not include a listing of a minor child's employment or business entities of which the child is the sole or partial owner. This amendment is effective unless the place of employment or the business entity is subject to the regulation or authority of the agency that employs the individual or unless the place of employment or the business entity has contracts in excess of $10,000 with the agency that employs the individual. Employment agency. A nursing referral service agency (now licensed by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene instead of the Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation) consisting of one or more individuals engaged in the business of screening and referring, directly or in accordance with contractual arrangements for the purpose of providing nursing services, home health aide services, or other home health care services at the request of the client, is permitted to receive a fee or other compensation for providing the service. Plant closing. The Secretary of Business and Economic Development shall designate a division, an agency, an office, or some other entity within the Department of Labor to be the single point of contact for issues relating to the realignment and closure of military installations in the State. Workplace violence and security. Licensed operators of commercial vehicles must obtain a State-issued endorsement to operate a commercial motor vehicle that is required to be placarded for hazardous materials. Applicants must apply to the Criminal Justice Information System Central Repository for a national and State criminal history records check, and the Transportation Security Administration of the Department of Homeland Security must approve the issuance of the endorsement. If a record of criminal history is reported to the central repository after the date of the records check, the repository shall provide information on the operator's criminal history to the Transportation Security Administration, and the operator shall be provided with a revised printed statement of the same information. The operator may contest the contents of the printed statement. Department of Labor. The Secretary of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation has been added to the Advisory Council on Offender Employment Coordination. The council provides guidance on ( 1) developing transitional supports and expanding employment opportunities for offenders in institutional and community settings; (2) transferring successful institutional programs and services that prepare offenders for employment in community settings; (3) increasing job placement and retention rates for all offenders under correctional control; (4) improving the coordination of employment services; (5) developing and implementing a business mentoring program; and (6) conducting mock job fairs in institutions and the community. The council shall exist until the end of August 31, 2007. Massachusetts Minimum wage. No employer or other person shall demand, request, or accept, from any wait staff, service employee, or bartender, any payment or deduction from a tip or service charge given to such employee by a patron. The employer may not retain or distribute, in any manner inconsistent with the law, any tip or service charge given directly to the employee. The employer may not require the employee to participate in a tip pool through which the employee remits any wage, tip, or service charge for distribution to any person who is neither on the wait staff nor a service employee or bartender. An employer may administer a valid tip pool and may keep a record of the amounts received for bookkeeping or tax-reporting purposes. If an employer or other person submits a bill or charge to a patron that imposes a service charge or tip, the total proceeds of that service charge or tip shall be remitted only to the wait staff employees in proportion to the service provided by those employees. Any service charge or tip remitted by a patron or person to an employer shall be paid to the appropriate employees by the end of the same business day and in no case later than the time set for the timely payment of wages. Any violation shall result in restitution for any tips accepted, distributed, or retained, with interest at the rate of 12 percent per year. The employer shall have violated the law and shall be punished or subject to a civil citation if ( 1) the employer is maintaining records for a tip pool Monthly Labor Review January 2005 19 State Labor Laws, 2004 and the employee is not allowed to inspect those records pertaining to him- or herself or (2) the employer discharges or in any manner penalizes or discriminates against an employee because the employee has made a complaint to the attorney general or to any other person conducting an investigation and is seeking rights under this law. references in the State law that incorporates Federal regulations on truckdrivers' hours of service. As amended, the law now stipulates that its hours criteria do not apply to drivers transporting agricultural commodities or farm supplies for agricultural purposes , as long as the transportation is limited to an area within I 00 miles of the source of the commodities or the distribution point for the farm and is conducted during the planting and harvesting seasons within the State, as determined by the State. Equal employment opportunity. The General Law of the State was amended by making it an unlawful practice for an employer, an employment agency, the commonwealth, or any of its subdivisions, by itself or its agents , to deny initial employment, reemployment, retention in employment, promotion , or any benefit of employment to a person who is a member of a uniformed military service of the United States (including the National Guard) or who applies to perform, or has an obligation to perform , service in a uniformed military service of the United States (again, including the National Guard) on the basis of that membership, application, or obligation. In addition, the State has established a commission on veterans ' employment rights that shall be responsible for investigating whether veterans are subjected to employment discrimination on the basis of their status as veterans. The commission shall report its finding annually on March I to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Michigan Child Labor. The State Youth Employment Standards Act was amended so that it no longer prohibits a minor from engaging in any construction work or operations performed as an unpaid volunteer if such construction work or operations are performed under adult supervision for a charitable housing organization. Minnesota Wages paid. Any city in the State may now use an electronic time-recording system if the governing body of the city adopts policies to ensure that the timekeeping and payroll methods are accurate and reliable. Hours worked. The State Motor Carrier Act was amended to exclude Federal, State, and local governments from the definition of a ·'person" as a .. motor carrier" as defined by the cct. The amendment also corrected 20 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Equal employment opportunity. The State affirmative action provisions were amended. The commissioner shall establish a statewide affirmative action goal for each of the Federal Equal Employment Opportunity occupational categories applicable to State employment. For the purposes of affirmative action, a ·'Goal Unit" is the group of jobs in an agency or agency subdivision assigned to one of the Federal Equal Employment Opportunity occupation categories applicable to State employment. The amendment also struck a number of factors from being considered in setting affirmative action goals. The remaining factors to be considered are (I) the percentage of members of each protected class in the recruiting area who have the necessary skills and (2) the availability for promotion or transfer of members of protected classes in the recruiting area population. Worker privacy. Information about employees of secure treatment facilities or corrections facilities, or information about those involved in the community supervision of offenders, shall not be disclosed to patients, inmates, or others if administrators reasonably believe that the information will be used to harass, intimidate, or assault the employees. Such information includes home addresses or telephone numbers, the locations of employees during nonwork hours, the locations of employees' immediate family, the education and training of the employee, the employee's prior employment, and payroll timesheets that may disclose future work assignments scheduled for the employee. Plant closing. The owner of a municipal airport is required to notify the commissioner of transportation of the owner's intent to close the airport before or immediately upon cessation of operations at the airport. The owner shall schedule a public hearing to take place within 90 days following the giving ofnotice to the commissioner and shall also provide public notice of the January 2005 hearing a minimum of 30 days before it is to take place. Mississippi Drug and alcohol testing. Any employee who may be required by an employer to submit to a drug test shall be provided, at least 30 days prior to the implementation of a drug-testing program, a written policy statement from the employer that contains information about the grounds on which an employee may be required to submit to a drug test and about any actions the employer may take against an employee on the basis of a confirmed positive test. The written policy must contain information on (1) confidentiality, (2) procedures for employees to confidentially report the use of prescription or nonprescription medications prior to being tested, (3) the positions within the company that are subject to testing, ( 4) the consequences of refusing to submit to a drug test, (5) opportunities for assessment and rehabilitation if an employee has a confirmed positive test result, and (6) how the employee can contest the accuracy of the results, as well as a list of all drugs for which the employer might test. Employees may be requested by the employer to sign a statement that the drug policy has been read and understood. Missouri Worker privacy. The State's sunshine law was amended to exclude from disclosure the names of private sources donating or contributing money to the salary of a chancellor or president at all public colleges and universities in the State, as well as the amount of money contributed by the source. This exclusion is not m effect where the disclosure is otherwise required by law. Nebraska Time off The law requiring all persons, firms, or corporations owning or operating an assembling plant, workshop, or mechanical establishment employing one or more workers to allow all of their employees not less than 30 consecutive minutes for lunch in each 8-hour shift does not apply to employment that is covered by a valid collective bargaining agreement or another written agreement between an employer and employee. Worker privacy. Employers who hire or rehire any employee are now required to submit :ldditional information to the State Department of Labor concerning the employee. A copy of the employee's Federal w-4 or any form previously approved by the department shall be submitted, with the date of hire or rehire inscribed upon it. This additional information shall be submitted within 20 days of the date of hire or rehire or, if the reports are transmitted electronically, by 2 monthly transmissions, if necessary, that are not less than 12 days or more than 16 days apart. New Hampshire Discharge. An employer may prorate, on a daily basis, the salary of an employee who, hired after the beginning of a pay period, terminates employment of his or her own accord before the end of a pay period or is terminated for cause by the employer. No employer may withhold or divert any portion of an employee 's wages, unless the employer is required or empowered to do so by State or Federal law or the employer has a written authorization by the employee for deductions for a lawful purpose, which now includes ( 1) voluntary contributions to cafeteria plans or flexible benefit plans, (2) childcare fees by a licensed childcare provider, (3) parking fees, and ( 4) amounts paid for pharmaceutical items or gift shop and cafeteria items purchased on the site of a hospital by hospital employees. Equal employment opportunity. The duties of the State Legislative Ethics Committee have been expanded to include the investigation of allegations of improper conduct, including sexual harassment against members or retaliation against employees who make good-faith allegations of sexual harassment, that may reflect upon the legislature, relating to the conduct of individuals in the performance of their duties as members, officers, or employees of the legislature. Worker privacy. Payroll accounts and the information contained therein are now exempt from the trustee process. New Jersey Overtime. The State Senate adopted a resolution urging the U.S. Department of Labor to repeal the rule changes that could allow employers to reclassify workers, without just cause, as being exempt from earning overtime pay. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Prevailing wage. The State prevailingwage law was amended. When the commissioner of labor finds that an employer has violated provisions of the act, the matter may be referred to the attorney general or his or her designee for investigation and prosecution. An employer commits a crime if the employer knowingly pays one or more employees employed in public work subject to the provisions of the act at a rate less than the rate required pursuant to the act. A violation wherein the contract amount is $75,000 or above constitutes a crime of the second degree, while a violation in which the contract amount exceeds $2,500, but is less than $75,000, is a crime of the third degree, and a violation wherein the contract amount is $2,500 or less is a crime of the fourth degree. In addition, the employer shall be deemed to have caused loss to the employees in the amount by which the employees were underpaid and shall be subject to the provisions regarding fines and restitution to victims, as well as to other pertinent provisions. The prevailing-wage law concerning custom fabrication in public work was amended. Custom fabrication is now encompassed within the definition of ·'public work" and includes mechanical insulation and plumbing, heating, cooling, ventilation, and exhaust duct systems used in public work. Also, according to the newly amended law, custom fabrication is subject to the State Prevailing Wage Act, regardless of whether the fabrication is or is not done on the site of the public work. Contractors or subcontractors engaged in custom fabrication are not regarded as suppliers of materials and therefore are not granted the latter's exemption from the provisions of the act. Each worker employed in the construction or rehabilitation of facilities under the administration of the Casino Reinvestment Development Authority, the State Educational Facilities Authority, or the State Health Care Facilities Financing Authority shall be paid not less than the prevailing-wage rate for the work's craft or trade, as determined by the commissioner of labor. Hours worked. The provisions of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act pertaining to hours of service are applicable to commercial motor vehicles weighing 26,000 pounds or less and operating in intrastate commerce. Therefore, when an operator has been on duty continuously for 12 hours or longer or has been on duty for 12 hours in the aggregate during any 16 consecutive hours, that person shall have at least IO consecutive hours off. Those same provisions do not apply to a vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers, driver included, to a vehicle used in the transportation of hazardous materials and required to be placarded, or to a vehicle that displays a hazardous-materials placard. New Mexico Prevailing wages. Unregistered contractors are now prohibited from bidding on public works projects that are subject to the Public Works Minimum Wage Act. In addition, registered contractors may not list unregistered subcontractors in bid proposals for a public works project subject to the Act. Neither the State nor any political subdivision thereof may accept bids from unregistered contractors. Parties required to be registered pursuant to the Act may have their registration cancelled, revoked, or suspended with conditions for failure to comply with the registration provisions or for good cause. Injunctive relief may be sought in district court for failure to comply with provisions of the Act. New York Minimum wage. The State minimum wage was increased to $6.00 per hour. Hours worked. The State's transportation law was amended to exempt telephone utility truckdrivers engaged in the restoration of telephone service from the portion of the law relating to limitations on hours of labor or service. This exemption applies to those persons whose primary employment is not as a driver of a motortruck, but who drive only as an incidental part of their employment and who are engaged in the emergency restoration of telephone service. Child labor. Besides recently assuming the responsibility of being the issuing agency for all employment permits affecting child performers, the State Department of Labor will now oversee the requirements for such permits. All child performers shall have such a permit listing the true and stage names and the age of the child, along with the name, address, and written consent of the parent or guardian. No permit shall allow a child to participate in an exhibition, rehearsal, or performance that is harmful to the welfare, development, or proper education of the child. A permit may be revoked Monthly Labor Review January 2005 21 State Labor Laws, 2004 by the department for good cause. Worker privacy. Evidence of statements made and conduct occurring in the mediation of a personnel matter involving the University of North Carolina or a constituent institution shall not be subject to discovery and shall be inadmissible in any administrative or judicial proceeding of any action, except a proceeding to enforce a signed settlement. No mediator or person in training to become a mediator, nor any participant in a mediation of a personnel matter, shall be compelled to testify or produce evidence with respect to mediation in a civil proceeding. Agriculture. Farmworkers in the State must be notified in writing of the conditions of employment every employer shall utilize. The employer shall be subject either to the farm work agreement established by the commissioner, which includes job service recruitment or placement orders and a farm labor contract or migrant labor registration, or to an agricultural employment contract executed by the employer or its representative with the representative of a foreign government. Garment industry. The commissioner of labor is now required to publish quarterly reports setting forth the names of all regi~tercd manufacturers and contractors in the apparel industry, as well as all such manufacturers and contractors who were found to be in violation of registration requirements. Worker privacy. Whenever an application is submitted for licensure endorsement or a limited permit in any profession regulated by the State Board of Regents and there is a determination that the applicant has been subject to disciplinary action by another jurisdiction, the Regents shall evaluate the conduct of the applicant and may deny him or her endorsement or the issuance of a limited permit. This determination shall be made on the basis of an evaluation of the infraction within the State. Conduct covered includes practicing the profession beyond its authorized scope with gross incompetence or negligence and the relinquishment (voluntarily or otherwise) of the applicant's professional license in another jurisdiction after a disciplinary action. North Carolina Prevailing wage. Under the State's industrial revenue bond program, resident manufacturers enter into financing agreements with a local financing authority that issues tax-free revenue bonds, with the proceeds used by the company to finance land, buildings, and equipment. The amounts paid by the company ml1st be sufficient to pay the debt service on the bonds. As a result of newly enacted State legislation, in order to qualify for the financing, manufacturers are no longer required to pay an average weekly manufacturing wage that either is above the average weekly manufacturing wage in the county or is at least l O percent above the average weekly manufacturing wage in the State. 22 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Employment agencies. A person providing professional employer services to individuals other than temporary employees and where employment responsibilities are shared or allocated must be licensed. Two or more entities under the control of a parent organization may combine to seek the issuance of a single license. An applicant for licensure shall file, with the commissioner, a surety bond in the amount of $100,000 in favor of the State. In lieu of a surety bond, an applicant may submit an irrevocable letter of credit. Before the issuance of the initial license, each applicant for a limited or professional organization license shall pay a nonrefundable application fee of $1,000 to the commissioner. Each applicant shall pay the commissioner a fee of $500 for a renewal of the license. The commissioner may also issue a limited license to a person who seeks to offer limited professional employer services. The licensee reserves the right to hire, fire, and discipline the assigned employees, in addition to maintaining an employee benefits plan. The commissioner may conduct an examination of a licensee as often as the commissioner considers it appropriate and may take disciplinary action against a licensee for such violations of the law as committing crimes that involve dishonesty or breach of trust, engaging in professional employer services without a license, failing to provide notice in writing of the discontinuance and replacement of insurance coverage, bribing an agent of the State, and committing fraud or intentional misrepresentation. The commissioner may issue a cease and desist order to a person or group that violates any provision of the law. Workplace violence and security. Legislation was enacted that allows employers, on behalf of employees who are victims of attempted injury, nonconsensual sexual contact, stalking, or threats, to file a petition for a no-contact order without January 2005 paying any filing fee. To determine safety concerns, the employee must be consulted prior to the seeking of the order. On the basis of their level of participation or cooperation, employees who are targets of unlawful conduct and who are unwilling to participate in the process shall not face disciplinary action. The orders are effective for not more than 10 days, as the court fixes, unless, within the time so fixed, the temporary civil no-contact order, for good cause shown, is extended for a like or longer period if the respondent consents. Violations of the no-contact order may result in a fine or imprisonment. Ohio Worker privacy. The State Revised Code was amended to allow the Division of Liquor Control to provide the Social Security number that the division possesses of an individual to the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Taxation, the Office of the Attorney General, or any other State or local law enforcement agency if such department, office, or agency requests the number from the division to conduct an investigation, implement an enforcement action, or collect taxes. Oklahoma Hours worked. The State Motor Carrier Safety and Hazardous Materials Transportation Act now exempts, on an emergency basis, utility service vehicles that are owned or operated by utilities regulated by the Corporation Commission or electric cooperatives and that are engaged solely in intrastate commerce within the State from the hours-of-service regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, effective June 26, 2003, until June 27, 2006. The hours-of-service regulations that were applicable in the State immediately prior to June 26, 2003, shall remain applicable to utility vehicles engaged solely in intrastate commerce in the State until June 26, 2006. If Federal laws or regulations are amended at any time to exempt utility service vehicles from the hours-of-service requirements, any exemption shall be effective in the State for the duration of the exemption. The Department of Public Safety may enter into agreements with State and local emergency management agencies and with private parties establishing procedures for complying with Federal codes and regulations that provide an exemption from the hours-of-service regulations during certain emergencies. Time off. Employees summoned to serve as jurors and who notify their employer of the summons in a timely manner after its receipt and prior to their appearance for jury duty may not be terminated, removed, or otherwise subject to any adverse employment action as a result of such service. The employees may not be required or requested to use annual, vacation, or sick leave for time spent responding to a summons for jury duty, participating in the jury selection process, or actually serving on a jury. The court shall automatically postpone and reschedule the service of a summoned juror who is employed by an employer with five or fewer full-time employees, or their equivalent, if another employee of that employer has been summoned to appear during the same period. Discharge. Tribal police officers commissioned by a State law enforcement agency pursuant to a cross-deputization agreement with the State or any political subdivision thereof shall comply with the training requirements as certified by the Council on Law Enforcement Education and Training. Any cross-deputized tribal officer certified by the council who fails to meet the annual training requirements shall be subject to having his or her certification suspended after the peace officer and employer have been provided with written notice and a reasonable time to comply with the requirements. Suspension of peace officer certification shall be reported to the district attorney for the jurisdiction in which the officer is employed. Members of the State's Police Pension and Retirement System who terminate their employment for the purposes ot performing service as a police officer on a contract basis for the U.S. Department of Defense or Department of State in a war zone may purchase service credit, not to exceed 1 year, for the period during which the member performed services for either of such entities or a branch of the United States military. Within 1 year of becoming reemployed by a participating employer in the system, the member must make payment for all required employer and employee contributions for the period of service during which the member was privately employed. Such purchased service credit shall be counted for purposes of vesting, calculating the normal retirement date, computing the retirement benefit of the member, and determining the member's https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis eligibility to participate in the Deferred Option Retirement Plan or its alternative. Worker privacy. With the exception of the State or any political subdivision thereof, employing entities shall not ( 1) publicly post or display the Social Security number of an employee, (2) print an employee's Social Security number on any card required for the employee to access information, products, or services provided by the employing entity, (3) require the employee to transmit his or her Social Security number over the Internet, unless the connection is secure or the number is encrypted, (4) require the employee to use his or her Social Security number to access an Internet Web site, unless a password or unique identifier is also required to access the site, or (5) print the employee's Social Security number on any materials mailed to the employee, unless the number is required to be on the document by State or Federal law. Employees may provide the employing entity with written permission to use their Social Security numbers for any of the aforementioned purposes. The results of reviews or investigations initiated by the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners on account of citizen complaints or allegations of violations of the State Veterinary Practice Act shall be kept confidential by the board, its employees, independent contractors, appointed committee members, and other agents. Information obtained as a result of such a review or investigation shall not be deemed to be a record as defined in the State's Open Records Act. Such information shall be considered competent evidence in a court of competent jurisdiction only in matters directly relating to actions of the board and the affected individual or entity as a result of the board's obtaining the information. Such information shall not be admissible as evidence in any other type of civil or criminal action. Oregon The State implemented a scheduled minimum-wage increase to $7.25 per hour. provided at any law officer's termination proceeding, the introduction of the document shall, in and of itself, be sufficient evidence to justify the termination of the officer. Other laws. The Sign Language Interpreter and Transliterator State Registration Act was enacted. The act requires individuals providing sign language interpreting and transliterating services to persons who are deaf or hard of hearing to register with, and pay a registration fee to, the State. The act also imposes duties on the Office for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the Department of Labor and Industry. Conviction of failure to register could result in a fine not to exceed $300 or in imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or both, for a first violation. Convictions for a second violation shall result in a fine of not less than $300, but not more than $1,000, or imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or both. Rhode Island Prevailing wage. Employees or former employees, under a private right of action, may bring a civil action for appropriate injunctive relief or actual damages, including reasonable attorney's fees and costs of the action, within 3 years after the occurrence of the alleged wage or benefit violation. The employer shall be liable for the amount of unpaid wages or benefits, plus interest. The court shall award affected employees liquidated damages in an amount equal to 2 times the amount of unpaid wages or benefits owed. The affected employers may still bid on other contracts and may be terminated for failure to pay agreed-upon wages. Any person, firm, or corporation found to have willfully made a false or fraudulent representation relative to wage obligations owed shall be required to pay civil penalties ranging from $1,000 to $3,000 per representation. Employers may not discharge or otherwise discriminate against an employee for making a complaint or participating in an investigation, and if they do, the employee can be compensated up to 2 times the amount of backpay and reasonable attorneys' fees. Pennsylvania Discharge. The State enacted the Confidence in Law Enforcement Act, which established procedures for the termination of law enforcement officers convicted of an offense graded as a felony or serious misdemeanor committed either within or outside the jurisdiction of the officer's home State. When a certified copy of a conviction is Wages paid. Employers of 50 or more persons and with establishments located within ¼ mile of a State public transit service that provides a parking subsidy to employees shall offer a parking cash-out program that provides their employees with the option of receiving subsidized parking or a monthly transit pass. Employers may require em- Monthly Labor Review January 2005 23 State Labor Laws, 2004 ployees participating in the program to certify that they will comply with guidelines established by the employer to avoid neighborhood parking problems. Employees who do not comply with the guidelines will no longer be eligible for the program. The State law concerning the requirements for the payment of back wages was amended to stipulate that, whenever an employee separates or is separated from an employer's payroll, the unpaid wages or compensation of the employee shall be due on the next regular payday at the usual place of payment. In addition, for employees who separate from an employer's payroll after completing at least 1 year of service, any vacation accrued or awarded shall become wages payable in full or on a prorated basis with all other due wages on the next regular payday for the employee. Finally, employers who fail to comply with the legal requirements concerning the payment of back wages shall be punished by a fine of not less than $400. If the director of labor and training requires the employer to place the amounts due employees in a special account in trust for the employees and paid on order of the director, the employer shall also pay the director an administrative fee of 25 percent of the amount due the employees. Subsequent violations shall result in an administrative fee of 50 percent. Time off Every employer in the State with 50 or more employees shall allow an employee who is a victim of a crime to leave work to attend court proceedings related to the crime, provided that the employee has given the employer a copy of notifkation of the proceedings. An employer may not dismiss an employee who is a victim of a crime because the employee exercises his or her right to leave work; however, the employer is not required to compensate said employee. The employee may elect, or the employer may require the employee, to use the employee's accrued paid vacation, personal, or sick leave. The employee shall not lose seniority or precedent while absent from employment; however, the employer may limit the leave if it creates an undue hardship to the employer 's business. Equal employment opportunity. Applications for all initial licenses and renewals of licenses shall include a section requesting optional data on the race and ethnic background of the applicant. Individual data shall be held confidential. Only aggregate data on race and ethnic background may be disseminated by the Department of Health. 24 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Employee leasing. The State law entitled "Businesses and Professions" was amended to require the regulation and registration, with the division of taxation, of professional employer organizations, staff leasing companies, registered staff leasing companies, employee leasing companies, and others. The term "professional employer service" is defined as the service of entering· into coemployment relationships in which all or a majority of the employees provide services to a client or to a division or work unit of a client. All professional employer service employees are covered under the Businesses and Professions law. A fee of $500 shall be charged for initial registrations and $250 for subsequent registrations. All registrations shall be completed every August I. The aforesaid organizations shall also post a bond or securities with a minimum market value of $50,000. Employment agencies. Applications provided to applicants for nursing licenses or license renewals shall include an optional section requesting data on the race and ethnic background of the applicant, provided, however, that the applicant shall in no way be required to furnish the information. If provided, the data shall remain confidential and shall be released only in the aggregate. Legislation was enacted that prohibits an employer or agency hiring the services of a temporary placement staffing agency from (1) requiring the employer's or agency's employees to provide transportation to other employees as a condition of employment, (2) charging an employee for transport services provided to that employee, or (3) charging or collecting fees from employees for transportation services provided by other employees, the employer, or a subcontracted transportation company. However, an employer may purchase public transportation bus passes and deduct not more than 50 percent of the actual cost of a bus pass from the employee's total daily wages, provided that the employee voluntarily participates and the employer has written authorization, in the employee's primary language, to deduct the cost. In addition, an employer may offer transportation services and charge a fee, payable to the employer only (and not to exceed the actual cost of transportation or $3 per day, whichever is smaller), provided again that the participation is voluntary and that written authorization in the employee's primary language has been given. Upon determining that a violation has occurred, a written notice initially shall be January 2005 sent. If a subsequent violation occurs within 3 years of the first violation, said employer shall be subject to a $1,500 fine. For a third violation within 3 years, the fine may not exceed $2,000. Any violation occurring more than 3 years from the date of a previous violation shall be considered a first violation. Any person, firm, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, or other legal entity that supplies registered or licensed practical nurses to facilities requiring the services of such persons (nursing pools) shall be considered an employer and not an independent contractor and shall be subject to all State and Federal laws that govern employer-employee relations. All nursing pools must be registered with the Department of Health, must pay the appropriate $500 yearly fee, and are exempt from paying any additional registration fee. The department shall set standards for employee bonding, appropriate staff professional certification and licensure, and liability insurance. Unregistered nursing pools shall be subject to a penalty of $100 for each day of operation for the first offense, and any subsequent violations shall result in a daily fine of $150. Unfair labor practice. Legislation was enacted that makes it an unfair labor practice for any State employer with 50 or more employees to deny leave to an eligible employee who is a victim of a crime or to discharge, threaten to discharge, intimidate, or coerce the employee because the employee takes leave to attend a criminal proceeding. The employer is not required to compensate an employee who is a victim of a crime when the employee leaves work to attend court proceedings related to the crime. If an employee leaves work to attend such proceedings, the employee may elect, or the employer may require the employee, to use the employee's paid vacation, personal leave, or sick leave. Employers may limit the leave provided if the employee's leave creates an undue hardship to the employer's business. The employee shall provide the employer with a copy of the notification of court proceedings prior to leaving work, and employees may not lose seniority or precedence while absent from employment. South Carolina Inmate labor. Trial judges may now waive their right to receive notification about the release of prisoners on work release programs if the judges place their waiver in writing and forward it to the correct departmental authority. The Department of Health Other laws. and Environmental Control may take enforcement action against the holder of an emergency medical technician certification anytime it is determined that the holder (I) no longer meets the qualifications set by the department, (2) has failed to provide to patients emergency medical treatment of a quality deemed acceptable by the department, or (3) is guilty of misconduct as outlined by the department's rules and regulations. Further, the department is authorized to suspend a certificate pending the investigation of any complaint or allegation regarding the commission of an offense that would be considered misconduct. Tennessee Prevailing wage. The State Prevailing · Wage Commission has been urged to continue its efforts to develop an lnlernet application for the electronic submission of survey forms by contractors and to periodically update the General Assembly on the progress of such development. Plant closing. Any employer, person, corporation, or institution that files for bankruptcy or ceases to operate as a business shall provide notice to the clerk or the department responsible for tracking child support payments for employees of those filing for bankruptcy or ceasing to operate at least IO days prior to the entity's cessation of operations as a business. The entity shall provide notice regarding the termination of employment to the clerk, the department, or the office in the State or in any other State to which the withheld income was to be sent. Any such notice shal! include the names of any affected employees subject to an income assignment, the last known address of each of those employees, and the names and addresses of any new employer or source of income of those employees. Failure to comply subjects the entity to payment of any amounts due, up to the accunmlated amount of the monetary assignment, as well as a civil penalty of $100 per employee for the first failure to comply, $200 per employee for the second failure to comply, and $500 per employee for each occurrence thereafter. Hours worked. The State Emergency Management Agency is now authorized to declare a state of emergency, or to declare a state of emergency prospectively in anticipation of an emergency, in order that https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis certain commercial vehicles engaged in the distribution of electric power, the supply of fuel, or the provision of telecommunications services to residences and businesses may carry out their services. The declaration of the state of emergency is for the purpose of triggering the emergencyrelief-effort portion of the hours-of-service regulations promulgated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Time off Jurors may now request, prior to each day's service, that the person responsible provide each juror's employer with a statement which shows the number of hours the juror spent serving if service has been less than 3 hours. Discharge. The State code concerning the discharge of those employed in higher education was amended. Policies governing reductions in force at institutions of higher education shall be adopted by the Board of Regents of the University of Tennessee and the State Board of Regents. The policies shall provide a consistent and equitable method of reducing the workforce when necessary. At a minimum, the policies shall (1) apply to regular, non faculty employees, (2) provide a written rationale for any reduction in the workforce, (3) identify the functional areas affected, review the budget implications involved, and develop specific written criteria to be used in identifying duties that will be reassigned or eliminated, (4) provide for such factors as institutional and positional length of service , unit needs in selecting affected employees, and qualifications necessary to perform the remaining duties of the affected unit, (5) require written notice to affected employees as far in advance as possible, and (6) afford an opportunity for affected employees to receive notification when vacancies for similar positions at their former campuses occur. Equal employment opportunity. The State equal-pay law was amended to institute compensatory and punitive damages for employers who knowingly violate the law. A first violation knowingly committed by an employer shall result in the employer's reimbursing the affected employee the unpaid wages and up to an equal amount of liquidated damages. A second such violation shall result in the employer's reimbursing the employee the unpaid wages and up to double the amount of unpaid wages as liquidated damages. A third such violation shall result in the employer's being liable to the employee the unpaid wages and up to three times the amount of unpaid wages as liquidated damages. The State Occupational Safety and Health Administration may now initiate investigations and enforcement actions relating to allegations of discrimination under the law regarding local governments' duties to employees. Drug and alcohol testing. Neither newly hired employees nor current employees may serve as a driver for a childcare center until they have undergone a drug test and received a negative result for illegal drug use. Workplace violence and security. There is no longer a requirement that persons being investigated pay the cost of background checks when applying for positions of trust as a State employee. Utah Drug and alcohol testing. State labor code provisions related to drug testing were amended by defining .. test-related information" as information received by the employer through the employer's drug- or alcohol-testing program. Information covered under the definition includes interviews, reports, statements, memoranda, and test results. Such information shall be disclosed to the Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing and may be used only in a proceeding related to an action taken by the division in whole or in part on the basis of test-related information. The employer may be examined as a witness in regard to test-related information when the division is taking such action. Worker privacy. Each school district and school shall maintain a list at each school identifying and distinguishing between teachers and associate teachers and shall make the list available for review by any person upon request. The State Pub I ic Safety Code was amended to allow background checks on all applicants , not just peace officers , for employment with a law enforcement agency. In addition, the code now (I) requires that training academies provide background information on applicants to law enforcement agencies and (2) protects the academies from civil liability for disclosing information to law enforcement agencies evaluating the applicants with the aim of hiring them. Such background information includes ( 1) the record of any final action Monthly Labor Review January 2005 25 State Labor Laws, 2004 based on an investigation concerning the applicant's qualification for certification as a peace officer and (2) notice of any pending or ongoing investigation regarding the applicant's certification as a peace officer. Virginia Wages paid. The State code concerning the time and method of payment of wages to employees was amended. Employers may now pay wages by credit to prepaid debit cards or card accounts from which the employee is able to withdraw or transfer funds, as long as the employer has made full disclosure of any applicable fees and provided that the employee has consented to such method of payment. This amendment eliminated the requirement that payments of wages by prepaid debit cards be deposited into a trust account. Time off. When employers fail or refuse to comply with State requirements entitling employees to leaves of absence from their respective nongovernmental duties without loss of seniority, accrued leave, or efficiency rating in order to participate in Staterequired military duty or service, the State attorney general, upon a request from the affected employee, may represent the employee personally or through an assistant. Eri1ployee eligibility for participation in the State Sickness and Disability Program shall be suspended when the employee is placed in a nonpay status if such status is due to a suspension pending investigation or the outcome of employment-related court action. The State code now stipulates that no person who is summoned to serve on a jury shall be required to work on the day of his or her jury duty. The employee day-of-rest exemption that was inadvertently permitted earlier in the regularly scheduled legislative session does not apply to persons engaged in ( 1) transportation, (2) public services and utilities, manufacturing, processing, or plant operations of all types, (3) publishing, including the sale and distribution of the products, (4) servicing, fueling, selling of parts and supplies, or repair of motor vehicles, boats, or aircraft, (5) the operation of motion picture theaters or the production of radio and television programs, (6) medical services or other services provided on an emergency basis, (7) sports, athletic events, and the operation of historic, entertainment, or recreational facilities, including the sale or rental of boats and swimming, fishing, or boating equipment, 26 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (8) agriculture, including the operation of nurseries or florist establishments, (9) the preparation and sale of prescription and nonprescription drugs or the sale of medical, hygienic, and baby supplies, ( 10) wholesale food warehouses or ship chandleries, ( 11) restaurants or delicatessens, ( 12) janitorial, custodial, or like services, (13) the operation of hotels, motels, funeral homes, or cemeteries, (14) mining and supporting facilities, ( 15) the sale of tobacco and related products, ( 16) a drugstore in which the majority of the sales receipts consist of prescription and nonprescription drugs and health and beauty aids, (17) the sale of novelties, cameras, photo supplies, antiques, pictures, paintings, art supplies, souvenirs, animals as pets, or pet supplies, and ( 18) the sale or leasing of noncommercial real property or mobile homes and the sale of modular, panelized, or other prefabricated houses. Worker privacy. Upon entering into a written agreement, the tax commissioner is now permitted to provide, to the commissioner of labor and industry, such tax information as may be necessary to facilitate the collection of unpaid wages. Department of Labor. The definition of "commissioner" within the State code was amended to mean the commissioner of labor and industry. Except where the context clearly indicates the contrary, any reference to the commissioner shall be construed to include his or her authorized representatives. The Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers Board and the Interagency Migrant Worker Policy Committee were transferred from the Department of Labor and Industry to the Commonwealth Employment Commission. The committee shall coordinate its activities with the board. All agencies of the Commonwealth Employment Commission shall be required to cooperate with the committee upon request. Offsite work. The head of each State agency is now required to implement a comprehensive statewide policy under which eligible employees of State agencies may participate in alternative work schedules. The policy shall include model guidelines, rules, and procedures for participation in alternative work schedules and may include an incentive program to encourage State employees to participate in such schedules. The policy shall allow employees to participate without diminished employee performance or delivery of service. Each agency head shall set annual January 2005 percentage targets for the number of positions eligible for alternative work schedules. All agencies shall have a goal of not less than 25 percent of its eligible workforce participating in alternative work schedules by July I, 2009. Washington Minimum wage. The State's minimum wage, as scheduled, rose to $7 .35 per hour. Agriculture. The State Department of Labor and Industries must collect and analyze data from agricultural employers that ~e required to implement a monitoring program for employees who handle category I or category II organophosphate or N-methyl-carbamate pesticides. The data collection and analysis will enable the department to determine whether mandatory testing is warranted and, if so, what thresholds or exposure to pesticides should trigger mandatory testing. The department shall report its findings on January I of 2005, 2006, and 2007. Discharge. Employers may not discipline or discharge reserve officers from employment because of leave taken that is related to a fire alarm or an emergency call. Any reserve officer who believes that he or she was discharged or disciplined in violation of this law may file a complaint alleging the violation with the director within 90 days of the alleged violation. Genetic testing. A law was enacted that prohibits any person, firm, or corporation, as well as the State or any of its political subdivisions or municipal corporations from requiring, directly or indirectly, that any employee or prospective employee submit genetic information or submit to screening for genetic information as a condition of employment or continued employment. This information does not include that obtained from ( 1) routine physical measurements, including chemical, blood, and urine analysis, unless conducted purposefully to diagnose genetic or inherited characteristics; and (2) results from tests for abuse of alcohol or drugs or for the presence of HIV. Worker privacy. Certificated and classified school district employees who apply to another school district must sign a release authorizing the disclosure of any information on sexual misconduct, including any related documents in their personnel file. Employees who refuse to sign the release shall not be hired by any school district within the State. Hiring school districts must request any information about that employee's sexual misconduct, incl11ding related documents , from all of the applicant's previous school district employers. The information must be provided within 20 days of receipt of the request. The school districts that provide such information are granted immunity when the information is provided in good faith . Wrongful disclosure of such information is a misdemeanor. Applicants may be employed on a conditional basis, pending a review of any information on sexual misconduct. School districts are not permitted to enter into employment contracts or severance agreements that call for sealing records of verbal or physical abuse or sexual misconduct. This prohibition does not apply to existing contracts or agreements. West Virginia Overtime health care. Hospitals are now prohibited from mandating a nurse, directly or through coercion, to accept an assignment of overtime, and hospitals are also prohibited from taking action against a nurse solely on the grounds that the nurse refuses to accept an overtime assignment at the facility if the nurse declines to work additional hours because doing so may, in the nurse's judgment, jeopardize the safety of patients or employees. Nurses may be mandated (1) to continue on duty in overtime status due to an unforeseen emergent situation that jeopardizes the safety of patients or (2) to complete a single patient-care procedure already in progress . Employers , however, may not construe this amendment as permitting the employer to use a staffing pattern as a means to require a nurse to complete a procedure or to use on-call time as a substitute for mandatory overtime. Equal employment opportunity. The State code concerning equal employment opportunity was amended to require that the State police superintendent file an annual report with the legislature on or before the first day of January of each year. The report shall include a summary of the efforts, and the effectiveness of those efforts, intended to recruit women, African-Americans, and other minorities into the ranks of the State police. Worker privacy. The State code regarding the privacy of the management and preservation of public records was amended. Personal information about State employees, such as their home addresses, Social Security numbers, credit and debit card numbers, driver's license numbers, and marital status or maiden name, is considered confidential and should be released to nongovernmental entities only for purposes authorized by Federal law or regulation. In addition, personal information maintained by State entities on non-State employees, such as their Social Security numbers and credit or debit card numbers, can be released only for such purposes as are authorized by Federal law or regulation. Other laws. In addition to State residents, employees of licensed State bingo organizations who are residents of a bordering State and whose county of residence is contiguous to the county in which the bingo operation is conducted, or who are residents of a bordering State and who reside within 35 miles of the county in which the bingo operation is conducted, may participate in any manner in the conduct of any bingo game or operate any concession in conjunction with the occasion of a bingo game. Wisconsin Minimum wage. The Madison Common Council adopted a Minimum Wage Ordi- nance raising the minimum wage for workers in the community to $5.70 on January 1, 2005, and then to $6.50 in 2006, $7.25 in 2007, and $7.75 plus indexing in 2008. It is expected that the raise will benefit up to 17,000 low-wage workers in the community. Prevailing wage. On January 1, 2004, the prevailing-wage threshold amount for coverage under the State prevailing-wage laws for State and municipal contracts was changed administratively from $180,000 to $186,000 for contracts in which more than one trade is involved and from $37,000 to $38,000 for contracts in which a single trade is involved. On January 1, 2005, these amounts were changed administratively to $200,000 for contracts in which more than one trade is involved and $41,000 for contracts in which a singe trade is involved. Discharge. The Department of Workforce Development is required to promulgate rules specifying a grievance procedure for resolving complaints of alleged violations of the Wisconsin Works (w-2) Program, which prohibits an employer participating in the program from creating a w-2 employment position by terminating the employment of a regular employee or by filling a position that is vacant because a non-w-2 employee is on strike, on layoff, or engaged in a labor dispute. Wyoming Other laws. A law was enacted extending active-duty military rights and protections to members of the State National Guard ordered to active duty or training by the State or Federal government for a period of more than 30 consecutive days. Those persons who knowingly violate these protections shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $1 ,000. Notes - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - -- - - - -- -- - - - - - - 1 Not included in the volume of labor le gisla tion track e d in this article are laws deali ng w ith mo s t occupational safety and heal th issues, employment and training, labor re l at io n s , e mployee criminal background checks (except for those dealing with security iss ues), li vin g wage s, and economic devel o pm e n t. 2 Alabama, South Dakota, and Vermont did not enact significant labor legislation in 2004. Information about Guam , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands was not received in https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis time to be included in the article , which is based upon information received by November 12, 2004. 3 Several tables displaying State labor law information, including a table on State minimum-wage rates and a table on State prevailing-wage laws, along with a number of tables concerning child labor issues, are available on the Internet at the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, website; v1s1t http://www.dol.gov/esa/ programs/whd/state/state.htm. 4 Ibid. 5 Diversions are those occurrences wherein a defendant fulfills certain obligations, such as payment of restitution, court costs, costs associated with the diversion itself, the cost of residence in a specified facility, maintenance of gainful employment, and participation in educational, social, vocational, or psychological programs or other rehabilitative services. The prosecutor shall act to have any criminal charges against the defendant that are associated with diversions dismissed with prejudice. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 27 Changes in workers' compensation laws in 2004 California passed a major reform package; 24 other States changed their workers' compensation coverage and services by approving a variety of new and revised legislation Glenn Whittington E 2004, a major legislative reform package was passed in alifornia. The total cost of administering the Workers' ompensation Program will now be borne by the employer community through surcharges levied by the Director of Industrial Relations. Temporary disability benefits are now limited to 104 weeks within a period of 2 years from the date of commencement of temporary disability payments, but may be extended to 240 weeks for certain injuries. Beginning in 2005, employers may establish medical provider networks in an attempt to improve medical care for injured employees by providing them with a choice of physicians. The apportionment of permanent disability is now based on causation, and an employer is only liable for the portion of disability directly caused by the injury. In Georgia, the Subsequent Injury Trust Fund will cease to reimburse self-insured employers and insurers for a claim made on a subsequent injury occurring after June 30, 2008. In Louisiana, for injuries occurring between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2007, an employer who retains in his employment an employee with a permanent partial disability shall be reimbursed from the Second Injury Fund for all weekly compensation payments payable after the first 130 weeks of payment. In New Jersey, the method for computing death benefits was changed from a sliding scale to just one benefit rate of 70 percent of wages for one or more dependents. In Washington, a licensed advanced registered nurse practitioner is now authorized to examine, diagnose, and treat injured workers covered by industrial insurance. In Wisconsin, physician assistants and advanced practice nurse prescribers have been added to the list of medical professionals authorized to conduct workers' compensation examinations of employees. The following is a State-by-State summary of changes in workers' compensation laws. Alaska Arizona If an employer is a contractor and fails to secure the payment of compensation to its employees or the employees of a subcontractor, the project owner is liable for and shall secure the payment of compensation to employees of the contractor and subcontractor. The Industrial Commission's schedule of fees has been expanded to include prescription medicines for treatment of an injured employee. If the Commission adopts a fee schedule regarding generic drugs, the provisions need to comply with current law. Glenn Whittington is Chief, Branch of Planning, Policy, and Review, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Employment Standards Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. E-mail : whittington .glenn@dol.gov 28 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis California The Workers' Compensation Administration Revolving Fund is a special account in the State Treasury, and moneys in the fund January 2005 may be expended by the Department of Industrial Relations, upon appropriation by the Legislature, for the administration of the Workers' Compensation Program. Previously, the law required that 80 percent of the costs of the program be borne by the General Fund and 20 percent of the costs of the program be borne by the employers through assessments levied by the Director of Industrial Relations. These employer assessments have been changed to surcharges and must now account for the total costs of the program. The Return To Work Program has also been added to the operations funded by the Workers' Compensation Administration Revolving Fund. To the extent funds are available, the program will reimburse up to $1,250 of expenses to accommodate a temporarily disabled worker or $2,500 to accommodate a permanently disabled worker. Only private employers with 50 or fewer full-time employees are eligible for reimbursements from the program. Parties in collectively bargained alternative dispute resolution programs can now negotiate occupational and nonoccupationai healthcare integration projects involving delivery of medical benefits and delivery of disability benefits. The rebuttable presumption of correctness for a comprehensive medical evaluation by a predesignated personal physician was eliminated. Disability payments are increased by 15 percent if within 60 days of a disability becoming permanent and stationary, an employer does not offer an injured employee regular, modified, or alternative work for a period of at least 12 months. If such an offer is made, payments are reduced by 15 percent. This requirement applies to workers of employers employing 50 or more employees. Temporary disability benefits are limited to I 04 weeks within a period of 2 years from the date of commencement of temporary disability payments. These benefits may be extended to 240 weeks aggregate within the first 5 years after the date of injury for the following injuries: acute and chronic hepatitis B, acute and chronic hepatitis C, amputations, severe burns, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), highvelocity eye injuries, chemical burns to the eyes, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic lung disease. The vocational rehabilitation program for injuries occurring on or before December 31, 2003, was re-instituted, subject to sunset in 2009. Beginning in 2005, employers 111ay establish medical provider networks in an attempt to improve medical care for injured employees by providing them with a choice of physicians. The networks need to provide adequate numbers and types of physicians and sufficient access to provide treatment in accordance with utilization controls established by the Division of Workers' Compensation. In developing a medical provider network, an employer or insurer has the exclusive right to determine the members of the network. An independent medical review can be requested by an injured worker who has had three physician opinions in the medical provider network that dispute the worker's request for medi- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis cal service. The apportionment of permanent disability is now based on causation. Each physician preparing a report on the issue of permanent disability must now address the issue of causation and determine the approximate percentage of the permanent disability that was caused by the present workrelated injury, and what portion was caused by other factors, including prior industrial injuries. An employer is only liable for the portion of disability directly caused by the injury. When the last payment of temporary disability has been made, and regardless of whether the extent of permanent disability can be determined at that time, the employer is to begin payment of reasonable estimates of permanent disability. In permanent disability claims, the number of weeks of indemnity for each percentage point of rating is increased for each percentage point of 70 percent or more, and the number of weeks of indemnity for each percentage point of rating is reduced for each percentage point under 15 percent. With the exception of al lowed contracts, the amounts paid for medical services are limited to the reasonable maximum amounts iri the official medical fee schedule in effect on the date of service. The penalty for unreasonable delay or denial of benefits is now established at 25 percent of amount of payment delayed or denied or $10,000, whichever is less. If the employer discovers the delay prior to an employee claim of such unreasonable behavior, the employer can pay a self-imposed IO percent penalty on the delayed payment, and avoid the larger penalty. An employer who knowingly violates this section with a frequency indicating general business practices is liable for administrative penalties of up to $400,000. The Administrative Director, after consultation with the Insurance Commissioner, is required to contract with a qualified organization to study the workers' compensation insurance market and the effect of the 2003 and 2004 reform legislation on workers' compensation insurance premium rates. All workers' compensation findings of fact are required to be interpreted in an impartial and balanced manner in order that all parties are considered equal before the law. The definition of an employee now excludes a person defined as an owner-builder who is participating in a mutual self-help housing program sponsored by a nonprofit corporation. City attorneys, whose duties include criminal prosecutions and any law enforcement agency investigating workers' com- pensation fraud, have been added to the definition of authorized governmental agencies to which an insurer must release information in fraud cases. The provision for allowing nurse practitioners and physician assistants to provide medical treatment for work-related injuries, previously set to expire on January I, 2006, was extended indefinitely. Effective January 1, 2005, an insurer or self-insurer is required to provide a specified notice regarding workers ' compensation fraud with the temporary disability benefit check. The fine for failure to provide workers' compensation was increased to double the amount of premium that would otherwise have been due to secure the payment of compensation during the time compensation was not secured , but not less that $10,000. A second such violation is punishable by: imprisonment for a period not to exceed 1 year; or a fine of triple the amount of premium that would otherwise have been due to secure the payment of compensation during the time payment was not secured , but not less than $50,000; or by both imprisonment and a fine. Colorado The requirement to file notice of intent to pursue a workers ' compensation claim for damages arising out of actions of a negligent stranger was expanded to all parties to the claim and allows the party pursuing subrogation to recover attorney fees and costs. If the insurer paying workers' compensation benefits brings a subrogation action and fails to provide notice to the injured employee, the insurer 's rights to seek economic damages paid as workers' compensation benefits are limited. In response to a Court of Appeals decision, the definition of independent contractor was changed to include a natural person . Connecticut Payments agreed to under a voluntary agreement or due under an award shall now commence within 20 days fro1n the date of the agreement or award ; previously, payment was to be made within IO days. Certain employer mutual associations are now allowed to make payments owed to the Second Injury Fund for 5 years without any penalties or interest. Starting January I, 2005 , the manner in which these associations are assessed the amount they owe to the fund has been changed. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 29 Workers' Compensation Laws, 2004 Florida The- Workers' Compensation Administration Trust Fund, which was set to be terminated on November 4, 2004, was re-created, all current balances of the trust fund were carried forward, and all current sources and uses of the trust fund are to be continued. Georgia The Subsequent Injury Trust Fund will cease to reimburse self-insured employers and insurers for a claim made on a subsequent injury occurring after June 30, 2008. It will continue, however, to reimburse selfinsured employers and insurers for qualifying claims for injuries on and prior to June 30, 2008. Upon or in contemplation of the final payment of all claims for subsequent injuries for which claims are filed for injuries occurring on and prior to June 30, 2008, the Board of Trustees will begin the final dissolution of the Subsequent Injury Trust Fund. Such dissolution will become effective when all claims made for injuries occurring on and prior to June 30, 2008, have been fully paid or otherwise resolved. A guardian for a minor or incompetent claimant entitled to workers' compensation benefits may be appointed by a court other than the probate court. Illinois The Illinois Industrial Commission "·as renamed the Illinois Workers' Compensation Commission. The Industrial Commission Operations Fund was also renamed the Workers' Compensation Commission Operations Fund. Iowa An employer is liable for the cost of medical care it chooses for an injured employee, except in the case of sudden emergencies if it is determined that the employee's condition for which care was arranged is not related to the employment. An employer is no longer liable for compensating disability from injuries with prior employers or for causes unrelated to employme-rit. For subsequent injuries occurring with the same employer, the employer is liable for compensating the combined disability of all injuries caused, but receives credit for the percentage of disability for which the employee was previously compensated by the employer. 30 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis The vocational rehabilitation benefit was increased from $20 to $100 per week. The $100 penalty for failing to file a First Report of Injury was increased to $1,000. Louisiana The requirement as to when notices must be filed with the Second Injury Board was clarified to reflect that an employer or insurer must file notice within 1 year after the first payment of either compensation or medical benefits, whichever occurs first. Whenever multiple disputes exist between a single healthcare provider and a single payor, either party has the right to have all such disputes consolidated and tried together in the proper venue. For injuries occurring between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2007, an employer who retains in his employment an employee with a permanent partial disability shall be reimbursed from the Second Injury Fund. Reimbursement covers all weekly compensation payments payable after the first 130 weeks of payment, provided they are submitted to the board within 180 days of approval for reimbursement or within 1 year of the payment of such weekly compensation payments, whichever occurs later. For injuries occurring between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2007, an employer, when retaining an employee with a permanent partial disability who then incurs a subsequent injury, shall be reimbursed from the Second Injury Fund for 100 percent of medical expenses actually paid and payable which exceed $25,000. Any employer who collects moneys from an employee's wages for payment of the employer's workers' compensation premium can be assessed civil penalties of not less than $500 and not more than $5,000, payable to the employee and reasonable attorney fees. Restitution shall also be provided up to the amount collected from the employee's wages. Guidelines and procedures for the collection of data for the Medical Reimbursement Schedule were established. The information collected will be confidential and privileged and not a public record or subject to subpoena. Any health insurer that contracts for healthcare benefits for an employee or dependents is responsible for the payment of all medical expenses incurred in the event the workers' compensation payor denies the employee's injury is compensable under the workers' compensation law. The provision calling for a reduction or January 2005 offset of workers' compensation benefits payable to professional athletes was repealed. If a law enforcement officer is killed in the line of duty, and has no surviving spouse, the sum of $50,000 is to be paid to the surviving parent or divided equally between the surviving parents, if both survive. The provision calling for the $25,000 to be provided to each surviving dependent child was retained. Mississippi For workers' compensation purposes, a selfinsured group shall be comprised of employer members of the same bona fide trade association or trade group. Such trade association or trade group shall be domiciled in the State, shall have been in existence for 5 or more consecutive years as of the date of application for an approved group, and shall not be comprised solely of employer members who are affiliates of a person possessing controlling interest in such affiliates. The Mississippi Workers' Compensation Individual Self-Insurer Guaranty Association and the Workers' Compensation Group Self-Insurer Guaranty Association were created as two separate nonprofit unincorporated legal entities. All funds previously in the Workers' Compensation Self-Insurer Guaranty Association became and remain assets of the Workers' Compensation Individual Self-Insurer Guaranty Association. The 2-percent assessment on each individual self-insurer and on each group selfinsurer is to be collected until the sum of $2 million is accumulated by the individual association and the sum of $1 million is accumulated by the group association, at which time assessments will be suspended. New Hampshire Any provision in any agreement that requires employers or the employer's insurance carrier to waive its subrogation rights is prohibited. New Jersey The method for computing death benefits was changed from a sliding scale (50 percent -70 percent of wages depending on the number of surviving dependents) to just one benefit rate (70 percent of wages for one or more dependents). If an employer cannot be identified or located in an occupational disease claim resulting in injury or death from an exposure to asbestos, an application can be made to, and an award paid by, the uninsured employer's fund. "Occupational disease resulting in injury or death from an exposure to asbestos" means asbestosis or any asbestos-induced cancer, including mesothelioma. The uninsured employer's fund will have a lien against any award received by the claimant from a third party resulting from the exposure to asbestos. Compensation will be based on the last date of exposure, if known, or if the last date of exposure cannot be determined, the judge will establish an appropriate date. A horse racing industry employee now includes an exercise rider of a thoroughbred horse for the period of time during which he or she is employed as an exercise rider of a thoroughbred horse at a horse racetrack in the State. The rider must be licensed by the commission and have deductions and withholdings, as required or authorized by State or Federal law, taken from his/her wages. New Mexico The assessment on employers who are required, or elect to be covered, by the Workers' Compensation Act was increased from $2 to $2.30 per quarter times the number of employees that the employer has on the last working day of each quarter. Thirty cents ($0.30) per employee of the fee assessed is to be distributed to the Uninsured Employers' Fund. New York The funeral expenses for a police officer who dies in the line of duty will not be subject to the schedule of maximum charges allowed under the Workers' Compensation Act. Ohio In response to an Ohio Supreme Court decision, the conditions were revised under which chemical testing of an employee may establish a rebuttable presumption that the employee's injury was proximately caused by the use of alcohol or an unprescribed controlled substance, thus affecting the employee's eligibility to qualify for workers' compensation benefits. Whereas prior law expressly required that an employee be given written notice, present law requires only that the employer post a written notice to employees that the results of, or the employee's refusal to submit to, any chemical test described in the act may affect the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis employee's ability to receive workers' compensation benefits. An individual who is incorporated as a corporation is exempt from required workers' compensation coverage. All professional employer organizations (employers that specialize in "leasing" employees to other employers) operating in Ohio are required to register with the Administrator of Workers' Compensation and comply with the workers' compensation law. Rhode Island Any partner, general or limited, or any partner in a registered limited liability partnership, or any nonmanager of a limited liability company are excluded from the definition of employee. The maximum amount an attorney can collect in a workers' compensation claim was increased from 15 percent to 20 percent of the structured-type periodic payment reduced to present-day value. Tennessee The Commissioner of Labor, in consultation with the medical care and cost containment committee and the advisory council on workers' compensation, is to develop a comprehensive medical fee schedule to address fees of physicians and surgeons, hospitals, prescription drugs, and ancillary services provided by other healthcare facilities and providers. If a workers' compensation claim is settled by the parties, the parties shall not agree to compromise and settle the issue of future medical benefits for a period of 3 years from the date on which the settlement is approved. After 3 years, if the parties mutually agree to a compromise and settlement on the issue of future medical benefits, the parties are not required to request a benefit review conference. Also, an employee who is determined to be permanently totally disabled is not allowed to compromise and settle his/her rights to future medical benefits. In a dispute as to whether or not a claim is compensable, the parties may settle such matter; however, such settlement shall not exceed 50 times the minimum weekly benefit rate as of the date of the claimed injury and is not to include future medical benefits. If an employer or insurer fails to pay temporary disability benefits within 20 days (previously, 15 days) of receipt of notice, a workers' compensation specialist can assess penalties of 25 percent (previously, 6 per- cent) of the delinquent benefits. The cap on Permanent Partial Disability awards where there is a meaningful return to work was reduced from two and one-half times the impairment rating to one and onehalf times the impairment rating. For injuries occurring on or after July 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005, the maximum weekly benefit for temporary disability benefits is 66-2/3 percent of the employee's average weekly wage up to 105 percent (previously, 100 percent) of the State's average weekly wage. For injuries occurring on or after July 1, 2005, the maximum weekly benefit for temporary disability benefits will be 66-2/3 percent of the employee's average weekly wage up to 110 percent of the State's average weekly wage. The Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development is to develop and maintain an Independent Medical Examiners (IME) registry. If the parties cannot agree on an IME physician from the registry, the employer is required to request an IME panel containing the names of three physicians selected at random. The employer can strike one name from the list, and the employee is required to choose from the remaining names. All costs and fees for an independent medical examination are to be paid by the employer. The exception to the 12-visit limit placed on chiropractic visits was extended to self-insurer pools. Utah An injured employee and a physician are required to comply with Labor Commission rules regarding disclosure of medical records relevant to the employee's industrial accident or occupational disease claim. A workers' compensation claim is subject to a lien for recovery of medical assistance benefits paid by the Department of Health. Vermont The "weekly net income" calculation was eliminated. Workers' compensation benefits cannot exceed 90 percent of the claimant's average weekly wage, including payments for a dependent child. If compensation benefits are not paid within 21 days of becoming due and payable, IO percent of the overdue amount shall be added and paid to the employee. The statute of limitations for filing an initial claim for workers' compensation Monthly Labor Review January 2005 31 Workers' Compensation Laws, 2004 benefits was reduced from 6 years to 3 years. The Department of Labor and Industry is to adopt rules to ensure that an injured worker who requests vocational rehabilitation services or has received more than 90 continuous days of temporary total benefits is screened for benefits. If found eligible, a worker shall have an initial vocational assessment and be offered services. The rule requiring employers to refer an injured worker to vocational rehabilitation when they had received temporary total disability for 90 days was repealed. The statutory language that created a presumption that an on-premise recreational activity is compensable was repealed. Workers' compensation insurers ..re now required to file an annual report regarding cases in which temporary total benefits have been paid continuously for 2 or more years. Medical benefits include prescription drugs and durable medical equipment. Employers are required to provide assistive devices (for example, wheelchair) and modifications to vehicles and residences to those who are or expected to be permanently disabled. An individual in .agriculture or farming does not need to purchase a workers' compensation insurance policy unless their aggregate payroll is $ I0,000 or more (previously, the threshold was $2,000 or more). Virginia In all matters within the jurisdiction of the Workers' Compensation Commission, it shall have the power of a court of record to administer oath, to compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of documents, to punish for contempt, to appoint guardians, and to enforce compliance of its lawful order and awards. The Workers' Compensation Commission is now authorized to accept certificates of deposit, U.S. government bonds, letters of credit, and cash as instruments that will secure the payment of workers' compensation liabilities of self-insured employers. Previously, such employers were required to deposit an acceptable security, indemnity, 32 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis or bond. Vocational rehabilitation services may now be provided by a person certified by the Workers' Compensation Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification as a certified rehabilitation counselor or a person certified by the Commission on Certification of Work Adjustment and Vocational Evaluation Specialists as a Certified Vocational Evaluation Specialist. Members of AmeriCorps and food stamp recipients participating in the work experience component of the Food Stamp Employment and Training Program shall be deemed to be employees of the Commonwealth for purposes of the Workers' Compensation Act. Such persons shall be eligible for reimbursement for medical costs from covered injuries, but shall not be eligible to receive weekly workers' compensation benefits. An employer's payment of workers' compensation benefits creates not only a subrogation interest, but an actual lien against any proceeds obtained by verdict or settlement from a third party or recovered pursuant to the uninsured or underinsured motorists' provisions of a motor vehicle insurance policy carried by the employer. Washington A licensed advanced registered nurse practitioner is now authorized to examine, diagnose, and treat injured workers' covered by industrial insurance. A physician assistant practicing with physician supervision may assist workers who suffer simple industrial injuries in making application for compensation. Physician assistants may not, however, rate a worker's permanent partial disability or determine a worker's entitlement to benefits. Wisconsin Physician assistants and advanced practice nurse prescribers have been added to the list of medical professionals authorized to conduct workers' compensation examinations January 2005 of employees. A $25 threshold was established for using the '·reasonableness of fee" and ·'necessity of treatment" dispute resolution· processes. The standard deviation used in fee disputes for determining whether a charge for medical care is reasonable was reduced from 1.5 to 1.4. Workers' compensation insurance carriers are allowed to give notice of the cancellation or termination of a policy to the Department of Workforce Development (owo) or the Wisconsin Compensation Rating Bureau by certified mail, fax transmission, email, or any other medium approved by DWD. The maximum supplemental benefit rate paid for injuries occurring before May 13, 1980, was increased from $202 per week to $233 per week. The assessment on employers and workers' compensation insurance companies, to be paid into the Work Injuries Supplemental Benefit Fund, was increased from $5,000 to $ I 0,000 for injuries resulting in de,nh and from $7,000 to $10,000 for injuries resulting in dismemberment. The owo is authorized to claim reimbursement from uninsured employers for expenses paid by owo in administering an employee's claim. Wyoming In cases involving a worker's permanent total disability or death, benefits for dependent children now terminate at age 18 (previously, age of majority) or for children enrolled in an educational institution, including a post-secondary education institution, at age 21. Benefits for temporary total disability are now paid semi-monthly rather than monthly. Temporary light-duty benefits are to be paid monthly at the rate of 80 percent of the difference between the employee's lightduty wage and the employee's actual monthly earnings at the time of injury. Temporary light duty may not exceed I year, and such benefits are not to be charged to the employer's claims experience rating. D ... • ·si~l!~~~'J • 1 .; Unemployment Insurance Laws, ~ ,,<·:md~::-~ Changes in Federal and State unemploym ent insurance legislation in 2004 State enactments include provisions relating to SUTA dumping, professional employer organizations, and staff leasing companies; voluntary quits; disqualification from benefits; noncharging benefits; pension offset; and financing; one Federal bill that was enacted made several changes, affecting the unemployment compensation program Loryn Lancaster uring 2004, there was one Federal legislative enactment that affected the Federal-State unemployment insurance program. The SUTA (State unemployment tax acts) Dumping Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-295) was signed on August 9, 2004, and requires States to enact laws prohibiting SUTAdumping. SUTAdumping is an abusive practice used by some employers to manipulate experience-rating provisions of State law that apply when businesses are bought and sold. Briefly, the law establishes a nationwide minimum standard for curbing SUTAdumping. Under the law, States will be required to (a) prohibit practices that allow employers to pay lower State unemployment compensation taxes than their unemployment experience would otherwise allow; (b) have procedures to detect such practices; and (c) impose penalties on employers and financial advisors for knowingly violating D Alabama Financwg. Up to 15 percent of Reed Act monies were appropriated to administer the unemployment compensation law and public employment offices. The 0.06 percent rate reduction applicable to certain employers has been extended from March 31, 2004, to March 31, 2006. Loryn Lancaster is an unemployment insurance program specialist in the Division of Legislation, Office of Workforce Security, Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. E-mail: Lancaster.Loryn@dol.gov https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (or attempting to violate) provisions of State law. States must enact these provisions as a condition of receiving administrative grants for operation of the unemployment compensation program. Thus, all States will need to amend their laws. This act also authorizes States to access the Department of Health and Human Services' National Directory of New Hires (NDNH) for administration of the Federal or State unemployment compensation program. States' access to this directory allows for the quick detection of individuals who continue to collect unemployment compensation benefits after returning to work. This approach is a means of combating unemployment insurance fraud and preventing overpayments. The following is a summary of some significant changes in State unemployment insurance legislation enacted in 2004. Monetary entitlement. The weekly maximum benefit amount increased from $210 to $220, for benefit years beginning on or after July 4, 2004. Alaska Administration. Upon the written request by a State district attorney, a municipal agency/attorney, a U.S. attorney, or the Federal Bureau oflnvestigation, the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development may release to the requestor certain information for the investigation or prosecution of a crime or to enforce an order of a court in a criminal matter, including enforcing probation or parole conditions. Appeals. Each member, manager, or employee of a limited liability company, including a limited partnership and a limited liability partnership, who is required to pay the contributions and interest owed by the limited liability company, including the limited partnership and the limited liability partnership, is permitted to appeal individually their duty to pay. Coverage. For purposes of collecting delinquent contributions, the term "employer" also includes a member, manager, or employee of a limited liability company, including a limited partnership and a limited liability partnership, who, as manager, is under a duty to pay the required contributions. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 33 Unemployment Insurance Laws, 2004 Financing. The term "wages" excludes the amount of payment made, or benefit furnished, by the employer under a plan to provide educational assistance to or for the benefit of an employee if, at the time of the payment or the furnishing, it is reasonable to believe that the employee will be able to exclude the payment or benefit from income. ance pay. The period of time for which wages in lieu of notice, dismissal pay, or severance pay are allocable will be determined by either of the following: o Arizona Appeals. With respect to a reconsideration of determination of liability, the requirement for an employing unit to file contribution and wage reports within 30 days of the reconsidered determination in order to be afforded a hearing has been deleted and, instead, the employing unit is required t0 submit all required contribution and wage reports to the Arizona Department of Economic Security within 45 days after the decision by the appeals board. Financing. Benefits against an employer's account are noncharged for separations from work due to domestic violence. The contribution rate decreased from 2. 7 percent to 2.0 percent for employers whose accounts have not been charged with benefits for the 12-month period ending June 30 of the preceding calendar year, effective from and after December 31, 2004. The minimum contribution rate decreased from 0.05 percent to 0.02 percent for positive reserve ratio employers. The employer adjusted rate reduced from O.OS percent to 0.0025 percent. From and after December 31, 2004, the payment of contributions or job training employer taxes is not required if the quarterly amount of the contributions and taxes is less than $10. Monetary entitlement. The quarterly wages needed in the base period to monetarily qualify for unemployment benefits increased from $1,000 to $1,500. The maximum weekly benefit amount increased from $205 to $240, effective from and after June 30, 2004. Nonmonetary eligibility. Effective from and after December 31, 2004, an individual will not be deemed unemployed if: • with respect to any week of less than full-time work if the loss of full-time work is directly attributable to the fault of the individual; • the individual is receiving wages in lieu of notice, dismissal pay or sever- 34 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis o if there was a written contract between the employer and the claimant in effect at the time of separation, allocate to the appropriate period in accordance with the contract, continuing for the number of work days that the pay would cover at the regular wage rate; if no written contract was in effect at the time of separation, allocate to the appropriate period following the last day of performance of services, continuing for the number of work days that the pay would cover at the regular wage rate. When an employer continues to give the part-time worker employment opportunities to the same extent while he or she is receiving benefits as during the base period, places the burden of proof to establish that the employer failed to give employment opportunities to the individual to the same extent as during the base period on the Arizona Employment Security Commission. An individual who is a victim of domestic violence and leaves employment due to a documented case of a domestic violence offence will not be disqualified from receiving unemployment benefits . . An individual is disqualified for benefits for any week in which the individual is incarcerated. Benefits will not be reduced by the receipt of Social Security retirement in order to take into account contributions made by the individual for the pension. California Administration. The director must furnish quarterly, instead of annually, to each employer an itemized statement of the charges to the reserve account, and a statement of the reserve account activities. A penalty is assessed against employers if found that any employer or employee, officer, or agent of any employer, in submitting a written statement conceming the reasonable assurance of a claimant's reemployment, willfully makes a false statement or representation or willfully fails to report a material fact concerning the reasonable assurance of that reemployment in an amount January 2005 not less than 2 nor more than IO times the weekly benefit amount of that claimant; provides for the collection of the penalty and requires the deposit of the penalties in the contingent fund. The California Employment Development Department is required to: • develop small business educational events and materials that explain the process of the department's determination of whether an individual is an employee or independent contractor as specified; • collect certain data related to employee/independent contractor determinations; and • report its findings and any recommendations to the State Legislature by July I, 2006. Coverage. Payments to an individual by an employer for failure to provide the advance notice of a facility closure required by the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act are not wages or compensation for personal services for purposes of unemployment insurance. Extensions and special programs. The expiration date for the California Benefits Training program is extended from January I, 2005, to January I, 2010. Financing. The State law is amended to include SUTA dumping prevention provisions which: • mandate transfer of experience from one employer to another when there is substantially common ownership, management, or control; apply to both total and partial transfers; • prohibit transfer of experience if a person becomes an employer by acquiring an existing business and if the purpose of the acquisition is to obtain a lower contribution rate; apply to persons, who prior to the acquisition of the business, (a) had no employees and (b) had some employees but not enough to be an employer for State law purposes; • provide meaningful civil and criminal penalties for knowingly violating or attempting to violate the law's requirements, and for knowingly advising to violate the law; and • establish procedures to identify the transfer or acquisition of a business for purposes of the law. Nonniorzetary eligibility. The denial or reduction of unemployment insurance for receipt of payments due to an employer failing to provide the advance notice of a facility closure required by the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act is prohibited. Colorado Financing. The definition of wages excludes payments by employers into a supplemental unemployment benefit fund for employees; this exclusion does not apply if the employee has the option to receive a lump-sum payment instead of periodically distributed supplemental unemployment benefits. Connecticut Administration. A late filing fee of $25 is imposed for any employer who fails to submit timely quarterly wage information. Financing. The collected fees must be deposited into the Employment Security Administration Fund. Nonmonetary eligibility. The time period during which acts of willful misconduct are considered changed from 18 months to 12 months; except with respect to tardiness, each instant in which an employee is absent for I day or 2 consecutive days without either good cause for the absence or notice to the employer that could have reasonably been provided constitutes a separate instance. Overpayments. A I-percent-per-month interest rate is charged on any overpayment made on or after July 1, 2005. Monetary entitlement. The weekly benefit amount will not be reduced by prorated weekly Social Security payments. Florida Financing. Any funds collected for enhanced, specialized, or value-added labor market information services must be deposited in the Employment Security Administration Trust Fund. Nonmonetary eligibility. Effective July 1, 2004, an individual will not be disqualified for benefits for voluntarily leaving work to relocate as a result of his/her military-connected spouse's permanent change of station, activation, or unit deployment orders. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Georgia Financing. The suspension of the overall rate increase (which is dependent on the statewide reserve ratio) was extended from December 31, 2004, through December 31, 2005. Nonmonetary eligibility. The alternative base period set to expire June 30, 2004, is now permanent. Idaho Financing. The time period for employers to request a discretionary transfer of an experience rating account increased from 90 to 180 days. Whenever an individual or organization succeeds to or acquires all, substantially all, or part of the business of a covered employer, the transfer of the predecessor's experience rating account to the successor employer must be mandatory if the management, ownership, or control is substantially the same for the successor as for the predecessor and there is a continuity of business activity by the successor. For purposes of a successorship, an employer's experience rating account must consist of the actual contribution, benefit, and taxable payroll experience of the employer and any amounts due from the employer as required by State law. Kansas Coverage. If a successor employer is determined to be qualified to receive the experience rating factors of the predecessor employer, the rate assigned to the successor employer for the remainder of the contributions year will be determined by the following: • if the acquiring employing unit was an employer prior to the date of the transfer, the rate of contribution will be the same as the contribution rate of the acquiring employer on the date of the transfer; and • if the acquiring employing unit was not an employer prior to the date of the transfer, the successor employer will have a newly computed rate for the remainder of the contribution year that will be based on the transferred experience rating factors as they existed on the most recent computation date immediately preceding the date of acquisition. These experience rating factors consist of all contributions paid, benefit experience, and annual payrolls. The exclusion from employment for service performed by an inmate of a custodial or correctional institution applies to service performed for a private, for-profit employer. Nonmonetary eligibility. An individual is considered to have voluntarily resigned for failure to return to work after expiration of approved personal or medical leave, or both, and such individual is disqualified from benefits for voluntarily leaving work without good cause attributable to the work or employer. The definition of"misconduct" includes: • the failure of the employee to notify the employer of an absence; and • under certain conditions, repeated absences, including incarceration, resulting in absence from work of 3 days or longer, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. If the employee alleges his/her repeated absences were the result of health-related issues, such employee must present evidence that includes documentation from a licensed and practicing healthcare provider. An individual disqualifies for benefits if discharged for failing a pre-employment drug screen required by the employer and if such discharge occurs not later than 7 days after the employer is notified of the results of such drug screen; the disqualification will begin the day following the separation and continue until after reemployment and earnings in insured work of at least three times the weekly benefit amount. Louisiana Administration. The per diem pay for Board of Review members increased from $60 to $90 per day of active service. Extensions and special programs. Effective January 1, 2005, a self-employment assistant (SEA) program is established. Financing. Benefits paid under the SEA program must not be charged and recouped as a social charge to all employers. Maine Nonmonetary eligibility. An emergency rule relating to part-time work provides that a claimant who is not able and available for full-time work will not be disqualified from receiving benefits if: Monthly Labor Review January 2005 35 Unemployment Insurance Laws, 2004 • more than 50 percent of the weeks worked during the claimant 's base period were less than full time, and the claimant is able to work and available for and actively seeking work for a number of hours comparable to the number of hours worked during those weeks; or • the majority of the weeks worked during the claimant's base period were full time but the claimant is only able and available for less than full-time work due to the illness or disability of the claimant's immediate family member, or when necessary for the safety or protection of the claimant or the claimant's immediate family member, including protection from domestic abuse; and • the claimant is not able to work full time due to a covered disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act but is able and available to work less than full time. Once a claimant has returned to work and is working tile full number of hours for which the claimant is able or available to work considering his or her disability, that claimant is not considered "partially unemployed." Michigan Coverage. Service performed in an Americorps program is excluded from coverage if the individual: • performed the service under a contract or agreement providing for a guaranteed stipend opportunity; and • received the full amount of the stipend before the ending date of the ccr.tract or agreement. Missouri Administration. A Missouri State Unemployment Council is created consisting of nine appointed voting and two appointed nonvoting members that will meet at least four times yearly; the Council will advise the Missouri Division of Employment Security in carrying out the Missouri Employment Security Law and submit annually recommendations to the Governor and general assembly regarding amendments, status of unemployment insurance, solvency maintenance, and the adequacy of unemployment compensation; the Council is authorized, unless prohibited, to commission an out- 36 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis side study of the solvency, adequacy, and staffing and operational efficiency of the Missouri unemployment system every 5 years beginning in fiscal year 2005. The Division must cross-check Missouri unemployment compensation recipients and applicants against the Federal new hire database, Social Security Administration data, drivers license databases (effective January 1, 2007), and other federally maintained databases containing wage information. The Board of Unemployment Fund Financing is created and authorized to issue, sell, and deliver interest-bearing credit instruments (bonds) to provide funds for unemployment benefits or maintain an adequate fund balance in the unemployment compensation fund. The Division may contract with consumer reporting agencies to provide secure electronic access to information in the quarterly wage report; requires the Division to establish standards to safeguard the confidentiality of the information; requires the agency to require any user of such information to obtain written consent from the individual to whom the information pertains; requires the agency to require that the released information be used only to verify wage or employment information accuracy provided by the individual for a specific transaction. The Missouri State Unemployment Council is created to advise the Division and submit recommendations concerning the unemployment compensation program. • for 2008, the taxable wage base is limited to $7,000--$12,000; • for 2009 , the taxable wage base is $12,500; and • for 2010 and thereafter, the taxable wage base is limited to $7 ,000$13 ,000. • the taxable wage base increases by $1,000 (instead of $500) if the unemployment compensation trust fund balance is less than or equal to $350 million on September 30; The fund-balance amounts decrease, which trigger 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent rate increases, effectively increasing employer tax rates. The rate increase for employers at the maximum rate is raised from 30 percent to 40 percent for 2005 through 2007. The fund balance amounts increase, which trigger 7-percent and 12-percent rate decreases, effectively increasing employer tax rates. A credit instrument (bond) and financing agreement repayment surcharge are assessed on each employer if the fund is using moneys from credit instrument proceeds or from the moneys advanced financial agreements or from a combination of both; provides a formula for calculating the surcharge and for calculating each employer's proportionate share. A surcharge of0.25 percent will be added to employers' contribution rates if they have been taxed at the maximum rate for 2 consecutive years or more; an additional annual surcharge of 0.25 percent will be added if employers remain at the maximum rate for 3 or more years with total surcharges not to exceed 1.0 percent; a 0.5-percent surcharge will be added if employers are still at the maximum rate; the maximum surcharge is limited to 1.5 percent in a year. Employers are charged a temporary debt indebtedness assessment beginning in 2005 and expiring the last day of the 4th quarter of 2007. A surcharge is assessed when the State has outstanding Federal loans or credit instruments (bonds). The Board of Unemployment Fund Financing is authorized to sell interest-bearing bonds in an amount not to exceed $450 million less the principal and that mature no later than 3 years after issuance; all bonds must be paid off by January 15, 2008; the proceeds must be deposited in the State unemployment compensation fund. • the taxable wage decreases by $500 the subsequent year if the unemployment compensation trust fund balance equals or exceeds $650 million (instead of $450 million) on September 30; Monetary entitlement. The wages needed to qualify increase from $1,000 in a quarter to $ I ,200 in 2005; $1,300 in 2006; $1,400 in 2007; and $1,500 thereafter; base period wages must equal 1.5 times high quarter wages, or wages in two quarters and base Coverage. "Temporary help firm" is defined as a finn that hires its own employees and assigns them to clients to support or supplement the clients' workforce and "temporary employee" as an employee assigned to work for the clients of a temporary help firm. Financing. The State taxable wage base increases from $8,000 in 2004 to $11,000 in 2005 , 2006, and 2007; to $12,000 in 2008 and thereafter subject to the following: January 2005 period wages equaling 1.5 times the maximum taxable wage base. Effective 2007, "partially unemployed" is defined as any week of less than full-time work if wages payable are less than the greater of the individual's weekly benefit amount plus $20 or the weekly benefit amount plus 20 pP-rr.:ent of the weekly benefit amount. Effective 2007, modifies the earnings disregard from $20 to the greater of $20 or 20 percent of the weekly benefit amount. The computation of, and the maximum, weekly benefit are modified as follows: • 3 ¾ percent of high quarter wages up to $270 in 2006 and $280 in 2007; • 4 percent of average two highest quarters up to $300 in 2008, $310 in 2009, and $320 in 2010 and thereafter. Beginning in 2008, the I-week waiting period will become compensable once remaining balance on the claim is less than or equal to the compensable amount for the waiting week, rather than after 9 weeks. Nonmonetary eligibility. The terms "temporary help firm" and "temporary employee" are defined and a temporary employee of a temporary help firm will be deemed to have voluntarily quit for failure to contact the firm for reassignment prior to filing for unemployment benefits; failure to contact the firm will not be deemed a voluntary quit unless the claimant was advised of the obligation to contact the firm upon completion of assignments and that unemployment benefits may be denied for failure to do so. "Misconduct" is defined as: • an act of wanton or willful disregard of the employer's interest; • a deliberate violation of the employer's rules; • a disregard of standards of behavior that the employer has the right to expect of his or her employee; and • negligence in such a degree or recurrence as to manifest culpability, wrongful intent or evil design, or show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer's interest or of the employee's duties and obligations to the employer. The 8-week extension for definite recall dates is limited to a total of 16 weeks. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Suspensions from work for 4 weeks or more will be treated as discharges. Misconduct is committed if a claimant is at work with a detectible amount of alcohol or controlled substance in the claimant's system, in violation of employer's policy, and certain conditions are met; claimant's wage credits are subject to cancellation if found to be in violation of such policy. A temporary employee is deemed to have voluntarily quit employment for failing to contact the temporary help firm for reassignment before filing for benefits unless the employee was not informed of the obligation to contact the firm upon completion of the assignment; employee will be disqualified for benefits if found to have voluntarily quit until wages are earned in insured work equal to IO times the claimant's weekly benefit amount. An employer's written notification of an offer of work sent via certified mail to claimant's last known address constitutes an offer of work, and failure to accept the offer of work will disqualify the claimant for benefits until wages are earned in insured work equal to 10 times the claimant's weekly benefit amount. The disqualification for misconduct is modified from 4-16 weeks and wages equal to 8 times the weekly benefit amount to wages equal to 6 times the weekly benefit amount. Absenteeism or tardiness is considered misconduct if it violates an employer's attendance policy and the claimant knew about the policy in advance. Overpayments. Any employer or individual who receives or denies unemployment benefits by intentionally misstating, misrepresenting, or failing to disclose material facts has committed fraud; improperly paid benefits must be repaid; penalties are assessed; if the employer or individual fails to repay the benefits, the division may offset from any future unemployment benefits or take other steps necessary to recover the overpayment; future benefits may not be used to offset penalties. Any person or entity perpetrating a fraud or misrepresentation for which a penalty has not been provided is guilty of a class A misdemeanor and will be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed the value of the fraud, and any person or entity who previously pied or was found guilty of perpetrating a fraud or misrepresentation and subsequently violates such provision is guilty of a class D felony. Nebraska Administrative. Employers, when reporting new hire information, must report the employee's date of hire or rehire to the Nebraska Department of Labor and transmit a copy of the employee's Federal W-4 with the date of hire or rehire inscribed on it, beginning January 1, 2005. New Jersey Financing. The fund reserve ratio of the tax table effectively reducing individual employer tax rates for tax years beginning on or after July 1, 2004, has been modified; the rates in each schedule remain the same. The factor on which the overall I 0-percent rate increase is based, if applicable, has been reduced from a fund reserve ratio of 1.0 percent to 0.5 percent for rate years beginning after July 1, 2004. The overall rate reduction decreased from 15 percent to 7 percent from July 1, 2004, until June 30, 2005, except that if an employer has a deficit reserve ratio of negative 35 percent or under, the employer's rate of contribution will not be reduced to less than 5.4 percent. The requirement that each employer contributes to the healthcare subsidy fund an amount equal to the amount that the employer's contribution to the unemployment compensation fund is decreased is extended until June 30, 2005. For fiscal year 2005, all contributions to the healthcare subsidy fund exceeding $100 million for this fiscal year must be deposited in the unemployment compensation fund. Extensions and special programs. The conditions under which new claims for additional benefits are taken in a year has been modified: new claims cease for the year when total benefits paid under the program are greater than 2.0 percent of the sum of December 31st fund balances since the program was enacted; formerly new claims ceased when benefits paid in a single year were greater than 1.5 percent of the December 31st fund balance for the preceding year. New York Nonmonetary eligibility. The pension offset provision provides that unemployment benefits will not be reduced by rollover distribution payments. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 37 Unemployment Insurance Laws, 2004 North Carolina Rhode Island Coverage. In general statutes, sets forth the requirements and responsibilities of professional employer organizations (PEOs); those applicable to the unemployment insurance program include: Coverage. A person engaged in the business of providing professional employer services must be registered; registration requirements are established. The client company must be considered an employer of its covered employees under any agreement with a professional employer organization (PEO) for purposes of uner_nployment compensation and temporary disability insurance; a client will have the sole right to direct and control the professional or licensed activities of covered employees of a client's business, unless otherwise expressly agreed to by the client in the professional employer agreement. • provides that a licensed PEO is the employer of an assigned employee for unemployment insurance purposes, and that the levy and collection of unemployment insurance contributions, or the assignment of discrete employer numbers and the definition of the terms employing unit, employer, or employment have the effect as provided under the State unemployment insurance law; and • requires a licensed PEO to establish the terms of a PEO agreement by a written contract between the PEO and the client company, and that such contract specify that the PEO assumes responsibility for the payment of wages to and for the payment and collection of payroll taxes on assigned employees. Oklahoma Appeals. Telephone appeals to the Appeal Tribunal through the Oklahoma Employment Security Commission's interactive voice response system or by speaking with one of the Commission's claim representatives are permitted. The provision providing that if a party is represented by an attorney, the hearing officer may approve a fee for legal services on a quantum merit basis, provided the fee is commensurate with the fee set by the board of review has been revoked. Nonmonetary eligibility. The severance pay provision provides for the deduction of se~erance pay in the week severance pay 1s received. Separation from employment to escape domestic violence or abuse is considered good cau.;P. ~nd benefits are allowed, provided that a victim's protection order was on file with the appropriate authorities and the order was effective on the date the claimant separated from employment. The employer must produce certain specific documentation to establish that the drug or alcohol test of a claimant was conducted in accordance with the Standards for Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Act. 38 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Financing. The PEO must report and pay all required unemployment contributions using the client company's State employer account number at the client company's experience rate or at the new employer rate if the client company does not qualify for an experience rate; the PEO is responsible for paying wages to covered employees, to withhold, collect, report, and remit payrollrelated and unemployment taxes; the client company and PEO must be jointly and severally liable for all contributions, fines, interest, penalties, and withholdings due. South Carolina Coverage. With respect to Indian tribes, clarifies that failure to make timely payments by any tribal unit results in the entire tribe being denied the reimbursement option. Financing. An employing unit must be assigned all or a portion of the employment benefit record of an existing employing unit when there is an acquisition or change in the form or organization of an existing business enterprise, or severable portion thereof, and there is a continuity of control of the business enterprise; the employing unit must be assigned the same rate as the predecessor, or the predecessor who has the highest base rate if there is more than one predecessor employing unit with different base rates. Assigning an employing unit any portion of the employment benefit record of an existing employing unit upon the acquisit~o_n of that established business or of an 1dent1f1able and segregable part thereof is prohibited if the: • acquiring person was not otherwise an employer at the time of the acquisition; January 2005 • person has no substantial commonality of interest, including ownership or management, in the business acquired; and • South Carolina Employment Security Commission finds that the person acquired the business or an identifiable and segregable part thereof solely or primarily for the purpose of obtaining a lower rate of contributions. If the experience rating account of the predecessor employer contains a debit balance, defined as an excess of total benefits charged over total contributions paid, the experience rating account of the predecessor employer in any event must be transferred to the successor employer. A penalty is assessed equal to the greater of $1,000 or 10 percent of the tax determined by the commission to be due for eac? repo:l submitted in violation of an employmg umt that willfully attempts to violate these provisions; provides that this penalty may be recovered in the same manner as for the collection of other penalties; provides that officers and directors of the enterprise comprising the employing unit are individually liable for the penalties assessed. A contribution tax return preparer who violates these provisions or provides adv ice to an employing unit that results in a wilful violation of these provisions is liable to a penalty of not less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 for each report submitted in violation; this penalty may be recovered by the commission in an appropriate civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction. Tennessee Appeals. Appeals to the court for review of tax liability must be filed in the chancery court of Davidson County. An appeal must be filed within 20 calendar days after the date the written notification of the redetermination is given or mailed to the last known address of the interested party or the redetermination becomes final and not subject to further review. Coverage. If: • a person, corporation, or business entity maintains a personnel registry or referral service for companion-sitters seeking employment opportunities; • the sitters do not provide services for hire to nonprofit organizations, Indian tribes, or State or local governments; and • pursuant to applicable Federal legislation, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) determines that a companion-sitter is not an employee of the person, corporation or business entity under the typical registry/referral arrangements of such person, corporation, or business entity; then companion-sitters who receive referral under the registry/referral arrangements substantially similar to those in the IRS determination will not be classified as employees of such person, corporation, or business entity pursuant to the Tennessee unemployment law. Financing. The provision containing procedures for making payments under protest for employers challenging a determination of liability for premiums required to be paid has been deleted. The Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development Commissioner is permitted to extend, under certain conuitions, the notification period for the transferring/ successor employer to provide notification of acquisition of a business transfer and written consent to the Department; any modification of premium rates resulting from any such extension will take effect on, and apply prospectively from , the date on which such transfer is accepted by the department; there is no forgiveness or refund of any premiums, fees, or other related costs duly imposed prior to the effective date of July I, 2004. The calculation of the industry reserve ratio for new employer rate determination has been modified. New employer rates will be assigned from the table in effect when the employer 's industry reserve ratio is 0.0 percent or less (formerly minus 4.0 percent or less); depending on the table in effect, rates range from 5.0 percent to 10.0 percent (formerly 6.0 percent to I0.0 percent). A staff leasing company will not be considered a successor employer to any client and will not acquire the experience rating of any client with whom the staff leasing company has contracted; the client, upon terminating its relationship with the staff leasing company, will not be considered a successor employer to the staff leasing company and will not acquire any portion of the experience history of the aggregate reserve account of the staff leasing company. A client of a staff leasing company will be jointly and severally liable with the staff https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis leasing company for State unemployment premiums unless such client is relieved of such joint and several liability under the Tennessee Employee Leasing Act. Utah Coverage. The provision allowing termination of coverage by the employer when there was no calendar quarter in the preceding calendar year during which an employing unit paid wages of $140 or more has been deleted; the requirement of $140 or more in a quarter with respect to the Division of Workforce Information and Payment Services' authority to terminate coverage of an employing unit has been eliminated. Financing. The $50 late payment penalty is applicable if the filing of quarterly wage information and requested reports of base period earnings is not more than 15 days late; there is a penalty of $50 for each 15 days or a fraction of the 15 days that the filing is late, but not to exceed $250 per filing, if the filing is more than 15 days late. Employers liable for payments in lieu of contributions must file quarterly Reimbursable Employment and Wage Reports on the last day of the month that follows the end of each calendar quarter, and the same late payment penalty applies to contributing employers for untimely filing quarterly Reimbursable Employment and Wage Reports. The social contribution rate is .003 for the rate year beginning January I, 2004. On or after January 1, 2005, the social contribution rate will be calculated by dividing all social costs applicable to the preceding 4 fiscal years by the total taxable wages of all employers subject to contributions for the same period. The social contribution rate for only the rate year beginning January 1, 2005, may not exceed 0.004. Reed Act moneys made available to the State that are received on or after January 1, 2004, may not be considered in establishing the reserve factor for the rate year 2005 or any subsequent rate year. The maximum employer contribution rate increased from 8.0 percent plus the social contribution rate to 9.0 percent plus the social contribution rate, effective January I , 2004. The maximum weekly benefit amount reduced from 65 percent to 62 percent of the insured average fiscal year weekly wage during the preceding fiscal year for claims filed on or after July 4, 2004. Monetary entitlement. A levy on unemployment benefits is prohibited by creditors enforcing a claim for alimony, support, maintenance, certain unpaid earnings, or State or local taxes. Deductions of child-support obligations or an uncollected over-issuance of food-stamp benefits are the only deductions that can be withheld from unemployment benefits. Nonmonetary eligibility. The offset for receipt of Social Security benefits against unemployment compensation is reduced from 100 percent to 50 percent for 3 years for benefit years beginning after July 1, 2004 and ending on or before July 1, 2007. Overpayments. With respect to benefit fraud, overpayment is the amount of benefits the claimant received by direct reason of fraud. If the fraud determination is based solely on unreported or underreported work or earnings, or both, and the claimant would have been eligible for benefits if the work or earnings, or both, had been correctly reported, the individual does not lose eligibility because of the misreporting but is liable for the overpayment and penalties. Vermont Financing. The new employer rate changed from a rate not less than the average tax rate for the industry to which the employer is assigned to 1.0 percent, except that certain foreign corporations will be assigned a rate equal to the average rate as of the most recent computation date paid by all employers so classified. Virginia Coverage. The definition of ·'employment" excludes services performed by an inmate for a penal or custodial institution or while participating in the Diversion Center Incarceration Program. Financing. The penalty increased from $30 to $75 for any employer who had wages payable for a calendar quarter and fails without good cause to file any required report with respect to wages or taxes; increases the penalty from $30 to $75 for a newly covered employer who fails to file a timely quarterly report without good cause. Penalties will be paid into the special Unemployment Compensation Administration Fund. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 39 Unemployment Insurance Laws, 2004 An employer's account is not charged for benefits paid to an individual who was unable to work at his regular employment due to a disaster for which the Governor, by executive order, has declared a state of emergency, if such disaster forced the closure of the employer's business, and if the individual returned to his regular full-time employment once the business reopened. The noncharging is limited to 4 weeks. Nonmonetary eligibility. The definition of the term "misconduct" includes a willful and deliberate violation of a standard or regulation of the Commonwealth by an employee of an employer licensed or certified by the Commonwealth, which violation would cause the employer to be sanctioned or have its license or certification suspended by the Commonwealth. The Virginia Employment Commission is allowed to consider evidence of mitigating circumstances in determining whether misconduct occurred. An individual is disqualified from benefits upon separation from the last employ- 40 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ing unit from whom he or she has worked 30 days or 240 hours or from any subsequent employing unit if such separation arose as a condition of the individual's parole or release from a custodial or penal institution and such individual was participating in the Diversion Center Incarceration Program. Washington Administration. Information and records may be released by the employment security department to a county clerk for purposes of verifying employment or income, seeking assignment of wages, or performing other duties necessary to the collection of an offender's legal financial obligations. Financing. The penalty provision related to evading the successorship provisions has been amended by: • adding to the penalty assessment the solvency surcharge (if any) and 2 percent; and January 2005 • changing the effective period for the penalty assessment from five quarters to I year. Wyoming Coverage. Childcare workers contracted to provide daycare services by the Wyoming Department of Employment are self-employed for profit entities and are not employees of the Department and not eligible for employee benefits (including unemployment insurance) as a result ofreceiving contract payments from the State. The Department is authorized to appeal any decision of any State administrative body inconsistent with this determination. Financing. Employers' accounts are not charged for benefits paid for unemployment resulting directly from the reinstatement of another employee upon that employee's completion of service in the □ uniformed services. Trends in youth employment rates Many are the stories of the millionaires and captains of industry who got their start in the world of work as youths. It is in their teenage years that most people get their first "real" jobs. While these jobs may require minimal skills and be low-paying, they teach valuable lessons that last a lifetime. "What Is Happening to Youth Employment Rates?" (Congressional Budget Office, November 2004) examines various facets of youth employment between 1979 and 2003. Over this period, trends in young people's employment rates varied depending on their age and sex. For example, for youths ages 20 to 24, the employment rate dropped for males while it rose slightly for females. For youths ages 16 to 19, employment rates trended down for males and females, and were always below the rates for their older counterparts. What caused these changes in youth employment rates? One factor was increasing school enrollment. Young people who were in school were much less likely to have jobs than those who are not. Over the past 25 years, school enrollment rates for young people, measured in October of each year, have slowly and steadily increased. More striking than the increase in the October school enrollment rate was an even greater increase in the July school enrollment rate. The "summer school" enrollment rate more than tripled from 1985 to 2003. Young people, often faulted for short-sightedness, may have been rationally obtaining more education so as to maximize their lifetime earnings. The gap in earnings between the lesseducated and the more-educated has increased in recent decades. However, between 1979 and 2000 there was also a decline in the employment rate for male teenagers and https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis is a better understanding of how development projects are chosen and which specific groups influence these choices in what way. Friedman and Mason use the organization studies concept of stakeholder analysis to address this issue. Stakeholders are defined in this context as persons or groups that are affected by a particular project or that can affect the success of that project. In stakeholder theory, each stakeholder has at least one to three characteristicspower, legitimacy, and urgency-and that the relative importance of stakeholders is determined by their specific mixes of these attributes. Stakeholders with all three are called definitive stakeholders. Expectant stakeholders, those holding two of the characteristics, are divided into dominant (power and legitimacy), dangerous (power and urgency), and dependent (urgency and legitimacy) subgroups. Three classes of latent stakeholders possess one characteristic each: dormant (power), discretionary (legitimacy), and demanding (urgency). In their analysis of sports projects , Friedman and construction and arenas Sports proponents of the that find Mason economic development projects need only monitor the latent Over the past decade or so, local stakeholders, a group that typically governments have paid something over includes the general public and low $6 billion in subsidies for the con- income residents in particular. At the struction of professional sports other end of the stakeholding spectrum, facilities, according to research cited by the definitive stakeholders normally Michael T. Friedman and Daniel S. include a strong coalition of local Mason in the August 2004 Economic elites-the business community, the Development Quarterly. While such team owners, the media, and local projects are generally justified on the politicians-that have generally been basis of their impact on local job proponents of subsidizing sports creation and other positive economic facilities. "This", say the authors, impacts, Friedman and Mason contend "would explain why sports facilities that a large body of "empirical research continue to be subsidized despite a lack has questioned the efficacy of sports of evidence of economic benefits and, facilities as engines for economic at times, strong opposition from other □ development." Thus, the research issue stakeholder groups. young adults who were not in school. Over the same period, the rate for female teenagers and young adults not enrolled in school was unchanged or increased slightly. Underlying the decrease in these employment rates for males were decreased job opportunities for inexperienced workers. A real (inflationadjusted) decrease in the minimum wage, which made what jobs there were less appealing to young would-be workers, was also a factor. Additionally, employment in sectors of the economy that provide opportunities for females has increased while employment in those sectors that have traditionally provided opportunities to males has declined. Work at gasoline stations, which once provided employment for many young men, is an example of a traditionally male-dominated occupation that has shrunk in recent decades. Another factor that may contribute to the declining employment rate of male youths is immigration, which has brought many unskilled, mostly male, workers to this country in recent years. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 41 _., \~f! Book Reviews Working in the digital age The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age. By Simon Head.New York, Oxford University Press, 2003, 240 pp., $28/hardback. The author's essential argument is that the computer and its applications in the workplace renew and refine the industrial culture that had formed the mass production and much of routine whitecollar work throughout the 20th century (and had been introduced during the second half of the 19th century). The culture has consisted in the standardization of production and products; the simplification of the work process by transferring, or seeking to transfer, the worker's skill and know-how to the engineer and machine; the measurement of the minimum time needed to perform given tasks; and close monitoring of the process and its operators. Powerfully influencing this culture was the notion of "scientific management," originally defined by Frederick W. Taylor in determining "the one best way" of optimizing efficiency. Time and motion studies of task performance were to bring this about while also eliminating stopgaps (or "soldiering") during work hours. Henry Ford and his engineers at times denied that they were indebted to Taylor's notions, yet they adopted the idea that management (including the engineers)- not the line workers-be fully responsible for ensuring efficiency of operations. An example was the design and configuration of machinery that reduced the operator's role to a minimum, no particular skill or care being required of him or her. Every machining operation was precisely timed so that the worker had to achieve a standard output each day. Each machined work piece was moved to the next machine by a gravitational slide for the next operation. Thus, the part did not need to be hand-carried, social intercourse between workers was curtailed, and rnonitoring by the foreman was facilitated. 42 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis The concept of the assembly line, task from 13 to 6, and doubling the outwhile not original with Ford, was applied put so defined to 200 items per hour. to a variety of cognate parts and com- Insofar as orders or remittances could ponents (of which there were 5,000 in not be handled routinely, experts would the Model T), the worker being subjected deal with "exceptional " cases. "For to detailed time and motion norms, and Leffingwell, as for Taylor, the cause of the moving line in effect imposing its efficiency was best served when the own control and discipline. Enormous scope for independent decision-making increases in productivity resulted-as by employees was reduced to a miniwell as unceasing complaints about mum," writes Head. speedup. "A history of the near 70-year Unlike the workflow characteristics of relationship between the United Auto the factory, white-collar tasks, except for Workers and the Detroit Big Three could the more routine clerical work, could not be written largely as a prolonged dis- be readily standardized. There was no pute abont speedup," writes Head. moving line as in the emblematic factory Head titles his introductory chapter, that inherently regulated the time spent "A New Economy?"-'-the question mark on each task. Analysis of length of teleindicating his doubts about the "new- phone calls was cumbersome, as was ness" of what others have held to be a time spent and monitored in filing a given fundamental change in the technology volume of documents. of the workplace. In fact, his entire book These and related problems, accordquestions this assumption. And his theing to Head, were solved with the introsis and research confirm what Shoshana duction of networked computers and its Zuboff wrote in her authoritative work, workflow software. " ... Leffington's viIn the Age of the Smart Machine: The sion of a white-collar work assembly line Future of Work and Power: " ... [T]he subject to the rigorous control of the logic that motivated the early purveyors factory floor was now within reach." Aland adapters of scientific management though that vision was rooted in the idea has continued to dominate the course of scientific management, the term was of automation in the 20th century work- eschewed by business and its consultplace." ants; "reengineeri ng" was substituted In the forefront of Head's concern is for it, the practice and culture of the spread and refinement of informa- Taylorism being continued if transtion technology (IT) into white-collar formed by new instrumentalities of meawork, whether done by clerical or pro- surement, control, and deskilling of the fessional personnel; and the role of operator. reengineering in reorganizing and forThe 1990s were the decade of matting such work in adapting it to the reengineering. Some of the most influcomputer. Such adaptation, however, is ential works on the topic were published not merely technological but is based then. Investment in computers soared on, or is derived from, the principles of at an average annual rate of 43 percent "scientific management " as outlined between 1994 and 2000, and in software, earlier. Those principles were restruc18 percent-driv ing forces in the investtured to fit white-collar work by William ment boom of the time. H. Leffingwell, an admirer of Taylor, who The computer, to be sure, had been published a path-breaking book on effiintroduced into the white-collar (as well cient office management in 1925. His as the blue-collar) work process long studies centered on the mail order busi- before reengineerin g became technoness whose core concern was order fullogically feasible. It was designed (or fillment. He devised, for example, the formatted) not only to simplify office most efficient way of opening mail, reprocedures but also, as far as feasible, ducing the necessary motions of the to eliminate "elements of interpersonal January 2005 coordination." Shoshana Zuboff, in presenting a number of case studies in the work quoted earlier, writes, "In each case, cost reduction and increased productivity were preeminent goals, which required systems that would simplify transaction processing while substantially increasing the volume of work that could be completed by one clerk. In the case of Consolidated Underwriter Insurance's dental claims operation, this meant reducing the knowledge demands of the task in order to increase the speed with v:hich claims could be processed." She quotes a manager, saying inter alia, "A lot of quality issues are now built into the machine. It requires less thought, judgment, and manual interventions. It's designed to let you pump claims out the door." The effort embodied by reengi11eering is a major theme of Head's book. He notes, for example, that so-called expert systems have been created at such companies as IBM and American Express, which-according to Reengineering the Corporation by Michael Hammer and James Champy, whom he cites-allow "relatively unskilled people to operate at nearly the level of highly trained experts." Numerous tasks, hitherto performed by numerous workers, are now compressed; specialists are readily replaced. Software facilitates monitoring by managers. Management's drive to incorporate employees' skill or know-how or the knowledge distilled from experience in the computer seems relentless but also stymied by the idiosyncrasies of the relationships the computer, when used in certain work processes, is meant to convey. Head's discussion of the c..111 center industry, which basically serves business in its customer relations activities, suggests the tension between that drive and some of the factors hobbling it. The knowledge required to respond to customer queries is, in theory at least, incorporated in the computer. The call center agent need merely follow a script that he or she must follow; he or she is https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in effect reduced to a conduit of information, not its originator. A host of software systems monitors strict abidance by the rules. It measures time spent on each call, as well as the number of calls within a given time span and the agent's bathroom breaks. Head titles the pertinent chapters as "The Customer Relations Factory" and "The Digital Assembly Line." These workplaces, he writes, "are ruled by the grim values of Taylorism." He also notes distinct weaknesses that inhere in the system and that evidently cannot be resolved by computerization. For example, customers will often raise questions or explain their problem to which a response has not been "scripted," or to which the agent feels an unscripted response is necessary. Clearly, call center agents should be thoroughly trained and be knowledgeable about a company's products and services; and where this has been the case, Head reports, employee turnover has been low and their companies' success rate high. But if heavy pressure is exerted on employees to abide by the rules, working conditions remain unsatisfactory. Turnover consequently is exceptionally high. Head concludes that, "The call center workforce is one of the first proletariats of the digital age, with the empowered computer and its software imposing the discipline and control that, in the mass production plant, has always been the task of the assembly line and the automatic machine." Reengineering as idea as well as practice has likewise been introduced into medical care. The introduction has been associated with the emergence of managed care organizations (MC0s) or, perhaps more accurately, with the transformation of medical care into a service organized on business principles. Efficiency in service delivery thus became a primary goal, pursued by managers who did not necessarily have any medical training but entertained operating philosophies similar to those of other business enterprises. "The language of reengineering ... pervades the manuals of managed care," Head writes. Service delivery to the patient is simplified and speeded. Patients' complaints may be diagnosed over the telephone. The call taker, after guiding the patient through questions pertinent to the complaint, may cull the corresponding symptoms from software. One large MC0 in California has given bonuses to its phone clerks if they could limit patients' appointments to less than 35 percent or limit average phone time to 3 minutes and 45 seconds. Speedup, moreover, has greatly reduced MC0 physicians' time spent with patients. Examining 30 patients per day became the norm during the 1990s, far higher than in earlier years. The core of the effort to impose "scientific management" upon the physician's work, Head believes, has lain in the formulation of treatment protocols derived from data banks which in turn are compiled from detailed clinical, treatment, and outcome records. The patient ceases to be "unique," his or her care is no longer individualized, the encounter between physicians and patient goes the way of the house call, replaced by digital technology. The judgment of the physician is minimized: the MC0 's medical director, responding to the physician's telephoned narration of symptoms, allocates these to a subgroup, and tells the physician "what can and cannot be done." Yet, these tendencies are being resisted by patient dissatisfaction surfacing in some State legislation that limits certain controls that MC0s exercise. Setting limits even more starkly "is a basic truth of medicine: The discipline does not yield a body of unequivocal rules and guidelines that can then be used to surround the physician with the regulation and control of managerial medicine." The profession strongly resists such regulation and control, impeding the advance of "scientific management." Head is not quite clear on this matter; elsewhere he states that industrialization of medicine has failed. It may well be, Monthly Labor Review January 2005 43 Book Reviews however, that the lower income population will be subject to the "scientific management" tendency of medical care, while better-off patients will benefit from the more usual, individualized diagnosis and treatment. In concluding his book, Head emphasizes the need to resist speedup, particularly in service industries, such as call centers and healthcare, and he advocates the formation of trade unions. He lauds the United Autoworkers as having prevented or mitigated "management by stress," as has been the case, he writes, in Japanese automobile factories (to which he devotes a substantial section). He recognizes, however, the weakness of the American labor move- 44 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ment and of its political stature in its relation to employers. He notes that some service industries, such as wholesaling, are susceptible to "Taylorist" controls, and that truckers and deliverymen/ women of express delivery services can be monitored by satellites and sensors. The power and originality of Head's argument lies in his ability to link reengineering and computerization of service industries to an industrial culture that-as David Hounshell has shown in his classical work, From the American System to Mass Production, 1800-1932-characterized the development of manufacturing during the 19th century. Its tendency to deskill the worker and to diminish the mental and January 2005 intellectual acuity he or she would bring to the job was rationalized by Frederick Taylor and, in reference to the white-collar employee, by William Leffingwell, Taylor's disciple. That culture evolved into the emblem of the 20th century with Henry Ford and his engineers. Head's treatise expresses resistance to the mindless pursuit of routine and speedup to which large numbers of workers are subjected. It greatly contributes to an understanding of today's reengineered workplace. -Horst Brand formerly with the Bureau of Labor Statistics Notes on labor statistics .............................. Comparative indicators 46 1. Labor market indicators .................................................... 59 2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in compensation, prices, and productivity ....... ................ 60 3. Alternative measures of wages and compensation changes................................................... 60 Labor force data 4. Employment status of the population, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 5. Selected employment indicators, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 7. Duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 9. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 10. Unemployment rates by States, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 11. Employment of workers by States, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 12. Employment of workers by industry, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 13. Average weekly hours by industry, seasonally adjusted ......... .................................. ............ 14. Average hourly earnings by industry, seasonally adjusted ........................................................ 15. Average hourly earnings by industry ................................ 16. Average weekly earnings by industry ............................... 17. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted ....................................................... 18. Job openings levels and rates, by industry and regions, seasonally adjusted......................................................... 19. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted.......................................................... 20. Separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted.......................................................... 21. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted.......................................................... 22. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 10 largest counties......................................................... 23. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by State 24. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by ownership ............................................. 25. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, establishment size and employment, by supersector ... 26. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area ......................................... 27. Annual data: Employment status of the population ........ 28. Annual data: Employment levels by industry .............. .... 29. Annual data: Average hours and earnings level, by industry..................................................................... https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 61 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 69 70 71 72 73 74 74 Labor compensation and collective bargaining data 30. 31. 32. 33. Employment Cost Index, compensation............................. Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries.................... Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry ........ Employment Cost Index, private nonfarm workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size .................... 34. Participants in benefit plans, medium and large firms...... 35. Participants in benefits plans, small firms and government .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. ... .... .. ....... .... .. .. ...... .. ..... 36. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more ........... 88 90 92 93 94 95 96 Price data 37. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity and service groups ................ 38. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average and local data, all items .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ..... ... ..... ... .. .. .. .. .... .... ...... .. 39. Annual data: Consumer Price Index, all items and major groups ................................................... ........ 40. Producer Price Indexes by stage of processing .. ........... .... 41. Producer Price Indexes for the net output of major industry groups ..... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... ..... .. .... ...... .. ........ ..... 42. Annual data: Producer Price Indexes by stage of processing ..... .. .. .... .. .. .. ..... ... .... ...... .. ...... ... ... 43. U.S. export price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification .. .. ... .... ......... ... .. .. .. ...... ..... .. .... .... .... 44. U.S. import price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification ... .. .. .... .... ..... ..... ......... ..... ..... .. .. ..... . 45. U.S. export price indexes by end-use category ................. 46. U.S. import price indexes by end-use category ................ 47. U.S. international price indexes for selected categories of services ..... ... ..... ..... .. .... .... .... .... ... .. .... ... ..... 97 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 107 l 07 Productivity data 48. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, and unit costs, data seasonally adjusted ....................... 49. Annual indexes of multi factor productivity ...................... 50. Annual indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices .................................................... 51. Annual indexes of output per hour for select industries....................................................................... 108 I 09 110 111 75 75 76 78 79 80 International comparisons data 52. Unemployment rates in nine countries, seasonally adjusted....................................................... 114 53. Annual data: Employment status of the civilian working-age population, 10 countries ............................ 115 54. Annual indexes of productivity and related measures, 15 economies.................................................................. 116 Injury and Illness data 81 86 86 55. Annual data: Occupational injury and illness incidence rates .. ...................... ......................................... 118 87 56. Fatal occupational injuries by event or exposure............. 120 Monthly Labor Review January 2005 45 Notes on Current Labor Statistics This section of the Review presents the principal statistical series collected and calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics: series on labor force; employment; unemployment; labor compensation; consumer, producer, and international prices; productivity; international comparisons; and injury and illness statistics. In the notes that follow, the data in each group of tables are briefly described; key definitions are given; notes on the data are set forth; and sources of additional information are cited. index number of 150, where 1982 = 100, the hourly rate expressed in 1982 dollars is $2 ($3/ 150 x 100 = $2). The $2 (or any other resulting values) are described as "real," "constant," or" 1982" dollars. Sources of information Data that supplement the tables in this section are published by the Bureau in a variety of sources. Definitions of each series and notes on the data are contained in later sections of these Notes describing each set of General notes data. For detailed descriptions of each data series, see BLS Handbook of Methods, BulThe following notes apply to several tables letin 2490. Users also may wish to consult in this section: Major Programs of the Bureau ofLabor StaSeasonal adjustment. Certain monthly tistics, Report 919. News releases provide and quarterly data are adjusted to eliminate the latest statistical information published the effect on the data of such factors as cli- by the Bureau; the major recurring releases matic conditions, industry production are published according to the schedule apschedules, opening and closing of schools, pearing on the back cover of this issue. holiday buying periods, and vacation pracMore information about labor force, emtices, which might prevent short-term evalu- ployment, and unemploymen t data and the ation of the statistical series. Tables contain- household and establishment surveys undering data that have been adjusted are identi- lying the data are available in the Bureau's fied as "seasonally adjusted." (All other monthly publication, Employment and data are not seasonally adjusted.) Seasonal Earnings. Historical unadjusted and seasoneffects are estimated on the basis of current ally adjusted data from the household surand past experiences. When new seasonal vey are available on the Internet: factors are computed each year, revisions http://www.bls.gov/cps/ may affect seasonally adjusted data for sev- Historically comparable unadjusted and seaeral preceding years. sonally adjusted data from the establishment Seasonally adjusted data appear in tables survey also are available on the Internet: 1-14, 17-21, 48, and 52. Seasonally adhttp ://www.bls.gov/ces/ justed labor force data in tables 1 and 4-9 Additional information on labor force data were revised in the February 2004 issue of for areas below the national level are prothe Review. Seasonally adjusted establish- vided in the BLS annual report, Geographic ment survey data shown in tables 1, 12-14, Profile of Employment and Unemployment. and 17 were revised in the March 2004 ReFor a comprehensive discussion of the vie:v. ;\ brief explanation of the seasonal Employment Cost Index, see Employment adjustment methodology appears in "Notes Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-95, BLS Bulon the data." letin 2466. The most recent data from the Revisions in the productivity data in Employee Benefits Survey appear in the foltable 54 are usually introduced in the Sep- lowing Bureau of Labor Statistics bulletins: tember issue. Seasonally adjusted indexes Employee Benefits in Medium and Large and percent changes from month-to-month Firms; Employee Benefits in Small Private and quarter-to-quarter are published for nu- Establishments; and Employee Benefits in merous Consumer and Producer P1 ice In- State and Local Governments. dex series. However, seasonally adjusted inMore detailed data on consumer and prodexes are not published for the U.S. aver- ducer prices are published in the monthly age All-Items CPI. Only seasonally adjusted periodicals, The CPI Detailed Report and percent changes are available for this series. Producer Price Indexes. For an overview of Adjustments for price changes. Some the 1998 revision of the CPI, see the Decemdata-such as the "real" earnings shown in ber I 996 issue of the Monthly Labor Retable 14-are adjusted to eliminate the ef- view. Additional data on international prices fect of changes in price. These adjustments appear in monthly news releases. are made by dividing current-dollar values Listing~ of industries for which producby the Consumer Price Index or the appro- tivity index•.:s are available may be found priate component of the index, then multi- on the Internet: plying by 100. For example, given a current http://www.bls.gov/lpd hourly wage rate of $3 and a current price For additional information on interna46 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 tional comparisons data, see International Comparisons of Unemploymen t, Bulletin 1979. Detailed data on the occupational injury and illness series are published in Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in the United States, by Industry, a BLS annual bulletin. Finally, the Monthly Labor Review carries analytical articles on annual and longer term developments in labor force, employment, and unemployment; employee compensation and collective bargaining; prices; productivity; international comparisons; and injury and illness data. Symbols n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. p = preliminary. To increase the timeliness of some series, preliminary figures are issued based on representative but incomplete returns. r = revised. Generally, this revision reflects the availability of later data, but also may reflect other adjustments. Comparative Indicators (Tables 1-3) Comparative indicators tables provide an overview and comparison of major BLS statistical series. Consequently, although many of the included series are available monthly, all measures in these comparative tables are presented quarterly and annually. Labor market indicators include employment measures from two major surveys and information on rates of change in compensation provided by the Employment Cost Index (ECI) program. The labor force participation rate, the employment-p opulation ratio, and unemploymen t rates for major demographic groups based on the Current Population ("household") Survey are presented, while measures of employment and average weekly hours by major industry sector are given using nonfarm payroll data. The Employment Cost Index (compensation), by major sector and by bargaining status, is chosen from a variety of BLS compensation and wage measures because it provides a comprehensiv e measure of employer costs for hiring labor, not just outlays for wages, and it is not affected by employment shifts among occupations and industries. Data on changes in compensatio n, prices, and productivity are presented in table 2. Measures of rates of change of compensation and wages from the Employment Cost Index program are provided for all civilian nonfarm workers (excluding Federal and household workers) and for all private nonfarm workers. Measures of changes in consumer prices for all urban consumers; producer prices by stage of processing; overall prices by stage of processing; and overall export and import price indexes are given. Measures of productivity (output per hour of all persons) are provided for major sectors. Alternative measures of wage and compensation rates of change, which reflect the overall trend in labor costs, are SWTImarized in table 3. Differences in concepts and scope, related to the specific purposes of the series, contribute to the variation in changes among the individual measures. Notes on the data Definitions of each series and notes on the data are contained in later sections of these notes describing each set of data. Employment and Unemployment Data (Table:, 1; 4-29) Household survey data Description of the series not work during the survey week, but were available for work except for temporary illness and had looked for jobs within the preceding 4 weeks. Persons who did not look for work because they were on layoff are also counted among the unemployed. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. The civilian labor force consists of all employed or unemployed persons in the civilian noninstitutional population. Persons not in the labor force are those not classified as employed or unemployed. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as persons who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. The civilian noninstitutional population comprises al I persons 16 years of age and older who are not inmates of penal or mental institutions, sanitariums, or homes for the aged, infirm, or needy. The civilian labor force participation rate is the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. The employment-population ratio is employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. Notes on the data From time to time, and especially after a decennial census, adjustments are made in the Current Population Survey figures to correct for estimating errors during the intercensal years. These adjustments affect the comparability of historical data. A description of these adjustments and their effect on the various data series appears in the Explanatory Notes of Employment and Earnings. For a discussion of changes introduced in January 2003, see "Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003" in the February 2003 issue of Emp'oyment and Earnings (available Definitions on the BLS Web site at: http://www.bls.gov/ Employed persons include (1) all those cps/rvcps03.pdf). Effective in January 2003, BLS began uswho worked for pay any time during the week which includes the 12th day of the ing the X-12 ARIMA seasonal adjustment promonth or who worked unpaid for 15 hours gram to seasonally adjust national labor force or more in a family-operated enterprise and data. This program replaced the X-11 ARIMA (2) those who were temporarily absent from program which had been used since January their regular job~ because of illness, vaca- 1980. See "Revision of Seasonally Adjusted tior,, industrial dispute, or similar reasons. Labor Force Series in 2003," in the FebA person working at more than one job is ruary 2003 issue of Employment and counted only in the job at which he or she Earnings (available on the BLS Web site at http:www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs.pdf) for a worked the greatest number of hours. Unemployed persons are those who did discussion of the introduction of the use of Employment data in this section are obtained from the Current Population Survey, a program of personal interviews conducted monthly by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The sample consists of about 60,000 households selected to represent the U.S. population 16 years of age and older. Households are interviewed on a rotating basis, so that three-fourths of the sample is the same for any 2 consecutive months. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ARIMA for seasonal adjustment of the labor force data and the effects that it had on the data. At the beginning of each calendar year, historical seasonally adjusted data usually are revised, and projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. The historical seasonally adjusted data usually are revised for only the most recent 5 years. In July, new seasonal adjustment factors, which incorporate the experience through June, are produced for the July-December period, but no revisions are made in the historical data. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on national household survey data, contact the Division of Labor Force Statistics: (202) 691-6378. X-12 Establishment survey data Description of the series Employment, hours, and earnings data in this section are compiled from payroll records reported monthly on a voluntary basis to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and its cooperating State agencies by about 160,000 businesses and government agencies, which represent approximately 400,000 individual worksites and represent all industries except agriculture. The active CES sample covers approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. Industries are classified in accordance with the 2002 North American Industry Classification System. In most industries, the sampling probabilities are based on the size of the establishment; most large establishments are therefore in the sample. (An establishment is not necessarily a firm; it may be a branch plant, for example, or warehouse.) Self-employed persons and others not on a regular civilian payroll are outside the scope of the survey because they are excluded from establishment records. This largely accounts for the difference in employment figures between the household and establishment surveys. Definitions An establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services (such as a factory or store) at a single location and is engaged in one type of economic activity. Employed persons are all persons who received pay (including holiday and sick pay) for any part of the payroll period including the 12th day of the month. Persons holding more than one job (about 5 percent of all persons in the labor force) are counted Monthly Labor Review January 2005 47 Current Labor Statistics in each establishment which reports them. Production workers in the goods-prod uc ing industries cover employees, up through the level of working supervisors, who engage directly in the manufacture or construction of the establishment's product. In private service-providing industries, data are collected for nonsupervisory workers, which include most employees except those in executive, managerial, and supervisory positions. Those workers mentioned in tables 11-16 include production workers in manufacturing and natural resources and mining; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in all private service-providing industries. Production and nonsupervisory workers account for about four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls. Earnings are the payments production or nonsupervisory workers receive during the survey period, including premium pay for overtime or late-shift work but excluding irregular bonuses and other special payments. Real earnings are earnings adjusted to reflect the effects of changes in consumer prices. The deflator for this series is derived from the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). Hours represent the average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers for which pay was received, and are different from standard or scheduled hours. Overtime hours represent the portion of average weekly hours which was in excess of regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. The Diffusion Index represents the percent of industries in which employment was rising over the indicated period, plus onehalf of the industries with unchanged employment; 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. In line with Bureau practice, data for the 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans are seasonally adjusted, while those for the 12-month span are unadjusted. Table 17 provides an index on private nonfarm employment based on 278 industries, and a manufacturing index based on 84 industries. These indexes are useful for measuring the dispersion of economic gains or losses and are also economic indicators. Notes on the data Establishment survey data are annually adjusted to comprehensive counts of employment (called " benchmarks"). The March 2003 benchmark was introduced in February 2004 with the release of data for January 2004, published in the March 2004 is- 48 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January sue of the Review. With the release in June 2003, CES completed a conversion from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to the North American Industry Classification System <NAICS) and completed the transition from its original quota sample design to a probability-based sample design. The industry-coding update included reconstruction of historical estimates in order to preserve time series for data users. Normally 5 years of seasonally adjusted data are revised with each benchmark revision. However, with this release, the entire new time series history for all CES data series were re-seasonally adjusted due to the NAICS conversion, which resulted in the revision of all CES time series. Also in June 2003, the CES program introduced concurrent seasonal adjustment for the national establishment data. Under this methodology, the first preliminary estimates for the current reference month and the revised estimates for the 2 prior months will be updated with concurrent factors with each new release of data. Concurrent seasonal adjustment incorporates all available data, including first preliminary estimates for the most current month, in the adjustment process. For additional information on all of the changes introduced in June 2003, see the June 2003 issue of Employment and Earnings and "Recent changes in the national Current Employment Statistics survey," Monthly wbor Review, June 2003, pp. 3-13. Revisions in State data (table 11) occurred with the publication of January 2003 data. For information on the revisions for the State data, see the March and May 2003 issues of Employment and Earnings, and "Recent changes in the State and Metropolitan Area CES survey," Monthly Labor Review, June 2003, pp. 14-19. Beginning in June 1996, the BLS uses the X-12-ARIMA methodology to seasonally adjust establishment survey data. This procedure, developed by the Bureau of the Census, controls for the effect of varying survey intervals (also known as the 4- versus 5-week effect), thereby providing improved measurement of over-the-month changes and underlying economic trends. Revisions of data, usually for the most recent 5-year period, are made once a year coincident with the benchmark revisions. In the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns and are published as preliminary in the tables ( 12-17 in the Review). When all returns have been received, the estimates are revised and published as "final" (prior to any benchmark revisions) in the 2005 third month of their appearance. Thus, December data are published as preliminary in January and February and as final in March. For the same reasons, quarterly establishment data (table 1) are preliminary for the first 2 months of publication and final in the third month. Fourth-quarter data are published as preliminary in January and February and as final in March. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on establishment survey data, contact the Division of Current Employment Statistics: (202) 691-6555. Unemployment data by State Description of the series Data presented in this section are obtained from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, which is conducted in cooperation with State employment security agencies. Monthly estimates of the labor force, employment, and unemployment for States and sub-State areas are a key indicator of local economic conditions, and form the basis for determining the eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal economic assistance programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates are presented in table l 0. Insofar as possible, the concepts and definitions underlying these data are those used in the national estimates obtained from the CPS. Notes on the data Data refer to State of residence. Monthly data for all States and the District of Columbia are derived using standardized procedures established by BLS. Once a year, estimates are revised to new population controls, usually with publication of January estimates, and benchmarked to annual average CPS levels. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on data in this series, call (202) 691-6392 (table 10) or (202) 691-6559 (table 11). Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages Description of the series Employment, wage, and establishment data in this section are derived from the quarterly tax reports submitted to State employment security agencies by private and State and local government employers sub- ject to State unemployment insurance (u1) laws and from Federal, agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (ucFE) program. Each quarter, State agencies edit and process the data and send the information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data, also referred as ES202 data, are the most complete enumeration of employment and wage information by industry at the national, State, metropolitan area, and county levels. They have broad economic significance in evaluating labor market trends and major industry developments. Definitions In general, the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages monthly employment data represem the number of covered workers who worked during, or received pay for, the pay period that included the 12th day of the month. Covered private industry employment includes most corporate officials, executives, supervisory personnel, professionals, clerical workers, wage earners, piece workers, and part-time workers. It excludes proprietors, the unincorporated self-employed, unpaid family members, and certain farm and domestic workers. Certain types of nonprofit employers, such as religious organizations, are given a choice of coverage or exclusion in a number of States. Workers in these organizations are, therefore, reported to a limited degree. Persons on paid sick leave, paid holiday, paid vacation, and the like, are included. Persons on the payroll of more than one firm during the period are counted by each u1subject employer if they meet the employment definition noted earlier. The employment count excludes workers who earned no wages during the entire applicable pay period because of work stoppages, temporary layoffs, illness, or unpaid vacations. Fecl~ral employment data are based on reports of monthly employment and quarterly wages submitted each quarter to State agencies for all Federal installations with employees covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (ucFE) program, except for certain national security agencies, which are omitted for security reasons. Employment for all FedenJ agencies for any given month is based on the number of persons who worked during or received pay for the pay period that included the 12th of the month. An establishment is an economic unit, such as a farm, mine, factory, or store, that produces goods or provides services. It is https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis typically at a single physical location and engaged in one, or predominantly one, type of economic activity for which a single industrial classification may be applied. Occasionally, a single physical location encompasses two or more distinct and significant activities. Each activity should be reported as a separate establishment if separate records are kept and the various activities are classified under different NAICS industries. Most employers have only one establishment; thus, the establishment is the predominant reporting unit or statistical entity for reporting employment and wages data. Most employers, including State and local governments who operate more than one establishment in a State, file a Multiple Worksite Report each quarter, in addition to their quarterly u1 report. The Multiple Worksite Report is used to collect separate employment and wage data for each of the employer's establishments, which are not detailed on the u1 report. Some very small multi-establishment employers do not file a Multiple Worksite Report. When the total employment in an employer's secondary establishments (all establishments other than the largest) is IO or fewer, the employer generally will file a consolidated report for all establishments. Also, some employers either cannot or will not report at the establishment level and thus aggregate establishments into one consolidated unit, or possibly several units, though not at the establishment level. For the Federal Government, the reporting unit is the installation: a single location at which a department, agency, or other government body has civilian employees. Federal agencies follow slightly different criteria than do private employers when breaking down their reports by installation. They are permitted to combine as a single statewide unit: I) all installations with IO or fewer workers, and 2) all installations that have a combined total in the State of fewer than 50 workers. Also, when there are fewer than 25 workers in all secondary installations in a State, the secondary installations may be combined and reported with the major installation. Last, if a Federal agency has fewer than five employees in a State, the agency headquarters office (regional office, district office) serving each State may consolidate the employment and wages data for that State with the data reported to the State in which the headquarters is located. As a result of these reporting rules, the number of reporting units is always larger than the number of employers (or government agencies) but smaller than the number of actual establishments (or installations). Data reported for the first quarter are tabulated into size categories ranging from worksites of very small size to those with 1,000 employees or more. The size category is determined by the establishment's March employment level. It is important to note that each establishment of a multi-establishme nt firm is tabulated separately into the appropriate size category. The total employment level of the reporting multi-establishme nt firm is not used in the size tabulation. Covered employers in most States report total wages paid during the calendar quarter, regardless of when the services were performed. A few State laws, however, specify that wages be reported for, or based on the period during which services are performed rather than the period during which compensation is paid. Under most State laws or regulations, wages include bonuses, stock options, the cash value of meals and lodging, tips and other gratuities, and, in some States, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans such as 40 I (k) plans. Covered employer contributions for oldage, survivors, and disability insurance (oAsDI), health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and private pension and welfare funds are not reported as wages. Employee contributions for the same purposes, however, as well as money withheld for income taxes, union dues, and so forth, are reported even though they are deducted from the worker's gross pay. Wages of covered Federal workers represent the gross amount of all payrolls for all pay periods ending within the quarter. This includes cash allowances, the cash equivalent of any type of remuneration, severance pay, withholding taxes, and retirement deductions. Federal employee remuneration generally covers the same types of services as for workers in private industry. Average annual wage per employee for any given industry are computed by dividing total annual wages by annual average employment. A further division by 52 yields average weekly wages per employee. Annual pay data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one employer at a time. Average weekly or annual wage is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying occupations. When average pay levels between States and industries are compared, these factors should be taken into consideration. For example, industries characterized by high proportions of part-time workers will Monthly Labor Review January 2005 49 Current Labor Statistics show average wage levels appreciably less than the weekly pay levels of regular fulltime employees in these industries. The opposite effect characterizes industries with low proportions of part-time workers, or industries that typically schedule heavy weekend and overtime work. Average wage data also may be influenced by work stoppages, labor turnover rates, retroactive payments, seasonal factors, bonus payments, and so on. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting also are introduced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially at more detailed geographic levels, may not be strictly comparable with earlier years. County definitions are assigned according to Federal Information Processing Standards Publications as issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Areas shown as counties include those designated as independent cities in some jurisNotes on the data dictions and, in Alaska, those areas designated by the Census Bureau where counties Beginning with the release of data for 2001, have not been created. County data also are publications presenting data from the Cov- presented for the New England States for ered Employment and Wages program have comparative purposes, even though townswitched to the 2002 version of the North ships are the more common designation used American Industry Classification System in New England (and New Jersey). (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and The Office of Management and Budget tabulation of economic data by industry. (0MB) defines metropolitan areas for use in NAICS is the product of a cooperative effort Federal statistical activities and updates on the part of the statistical agencies of the these definitions as needed. Data in this table United States, Canada, and Mexico. Due to use metropolitan area criteria established by difference in NAICS and Standard Industrial 0MB in definitions issued June 30, 1999 Classification (SIC) structures, industry data (0MB Bulletin No. 99-04). These definitions for 2001 is not comparable to the SIC-based reflect information obtained from the 1990 data for earlier years. Decennial Census and the 1998 U.S. CenEffective January 2001, the program be- sus Bureau population estimate. A complete gan assigning Indian Tribal Councils and re- list of metropolitan area definitions is availlated establishments to local government able from the National Technical Informaownership. This BLS action was in response tion Service (NTIS), Document Sales, 5205 to a change in Federal law dealing with the Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161 , way Indian Tribes are treated under the Fed- telephone l-800-553-6847. eral Unemployment Tax Act. This law re0MB defines metropolitan areas in terms quires federally recognized Indian Tribes to of entire counties, except in the six New be treated similarly to State and local gov- England States where they are defined in ernments. In the past, the Covered Employ- terms of cities and towns. New England data ment and Wage (CEW) program coded Indian in this table, however, are based on a county Tribal Councils and related establishments concept defined by 0MB as New England in the private sector. As a result of the new County Metropolitan Areas (NECMA) belaw, CEW data reflects significant shifts in cause county-level data are the most detailed employment and wages between the private available from the Quarterly Census of Emsector and local government from 2000 to ployment and Wages. The NECMA is a county2001. Data also reflect industry changes. based alternative to the city- and town-based Those accounts previously assigned to civic metropolitan areas in New England. The and social organizations were assigned to NECMA for a Metropolitan Statistical Area tribal governments. There were no required (MSA) include: (1) the county containing the industry changes for related establishments first-named city in that MSA title (this county owned by these Tribal Councils. These tribal may include the first-named cities of other business establishments continued to be MSA, and (2) each additional county having coded according to the economic activity of at least half its population in the MSA in that entity. which first-named cities are in the county To insure the highest possible quality identified in step 1. The NECMA is officially of data, State employment security agen- defined areas that are meant to be used by cies verify with employers and update, if statistical programs that cannot use the regunecessary, the industry, location, and own - lar metropolitan area definitions in New ership classification of all establishments England. on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishFOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on the ment classification codes resulting from the covered employment and wage data, contact verification process are introduced with the the Division of Administrative Statistics and data reported for the first quarter of the year. Labor Turnover at (202) 691-6567. 50 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Description of the series Data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled from a sample of 16,000 business establishments. Each month, data are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. The JOLTS sample design is a random sample drawn from a universe of more than eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to State unemployment insurance (UI) laws and Federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates then are computed from the adjusted levels. The monthly JOLTS data series begin with December 2000. Not seasonally adjusted data on job openings, hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations levels and rates are available for the total nonfarm sector, 16 private industry divisions and 2 government divisions based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), and four geographic regions. Seasonally adjusted data on job openings, hires, total separations, and quits levels and rates are available for the total nonfarm sector, selected industry sectors, and four geographic regions. Definitions Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that ( 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position; and (2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found; and (3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, .iud jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings, and multiplying that quotient by I 00. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees and full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, oncall or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment, and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation-quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment, and multiplying that quotient by I 00. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis dividing the number by employment and multiplying by I 00. Notes on the data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later. The Federal Government reorganization that involved transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the Federal Government. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive onetime event, and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the Federal Government time series. Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Because the seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data. When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each calendar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient data are avail- able. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed, other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly explain net changes in payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: (I) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and (2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-time and oncall workers may not always work during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, contact the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor Turnover at (202) 961-5870. Compensation and Wage Data (Tables 1-3; 30---36) Compensation and waged data are gathered by the Bureau from business establishments, State and local governments, labor unions, collective bargaining agreements on file with the Bureau, and secondary sources. Employment Cost Index Description of the series The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a quarterly measure of the rate of change in compensation per hour worked and includes wages, salaries, and employer costs of employee benefits. It uses a fixed market basket of labor-similar in concept to the Consumer Price Index's fixed market basket of goods and services-to measure change over time in employer costs of employing labor. Statistical series on total compensation Monthly Labor Review January 2005 51 Current Labor Statistics costs, on wages and salaries, and on benefit costs are available for private non farm workers excluding proprietors, the self-employed, and household workers. The total compensation costs and wages and salaries series are also available for State and local government workers and for the civilian nonfarm economy, which consists of private industry and State and local government workers combined. Federal workers are excluded. The Employment Cost Index probability sample consists of about 4,400 private nonfarm establishments providing about 23,000 occupational observations and 1,000 State and local government establishments providing 6,000 occupational observations selected to represent total employment in each sector. On average, each reporting unit provides wage and compensation information on five well-specified occupations. Data are collected each quarter for the pay period including the 12th day of March, June, September, and December. Beginning with June 1986 data, fixed employment weights from the 1980 Census of Population are used each quarter to calculate the civilian and private indexes and the index for State and local governments. (Prior to June 1986, the employment weights are from the 1970 Census of Population.) These fixed weights, also used to derive all of the industry and occupation series indexes, ensure that changes in these indexes reflect only changes in compensation, not employment shifts among industries or occupations with different levels of wages and compensation. For the bargaining status, region, and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan area series, however, employment data by industry and occupation are not available from the census. Instead, the 1980 employment weights are reallocated within these series each quarter based on the current sample. Therefore, these indexes are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate. industry, and occupation series. Definitions Total compensation costs include wages, salaries, and the employer 's costs for employee benefits. Wages and salaries consist of e'1rnings before payroll deductions, including production bonuses, incentive earnings, commissions, and cost-of-living adjustments. Benefits include the cost to employers for paid leave, supplemental pay (including nonproduction bonuses), insurance, retirement and savings plans, and legally required 52 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January benefits (such as Social Security, workers' compensation, and unemployment insurance). Excluded from wages and salaries and employee benefits are such items as payment-in-kind, free room and board, and tips. Definitions Employer-provided benefits are benefits that are financed either wholly or partly by the employer. They may be sponsored by a union or other third party, as long as there is Notes on the data some employer financing. However, some benefits that are fully paid for by the emThe Employment Cost Index for changes in ployee also are included. For example, longwages and salaries in the private nonfarm term care insurance and postretirement life economy was published beginning in 1975. insurance paid entirely by the employee are Changes in total compensation cost-wages included because the guarantee of insurabiland salaries and benefits combined-were ity and availability at group premium rates published beginning in 1980. The series of are considered a benefit. changes in wages and salaries and for total Participants are workers who are covcompensation in the State and local governered by a benefit, whether or not they use ment sector and in the civilian nonfarm that benefit. If the benefit plan is financed economy (excluding Federal employees) wholly by employers and requires employwere published beginning in 1981. Histori- ees to complete a minimum length of sercal indexes (June 198 I= 100) are available vice for eligibility, the workers are considon the Internet: ered participants whether or not they have http ://www.bls.gov/ect/ met the requirement. If workers are reFOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on the quired to contribute towards the cost of a Employment Cost Index, contact the Office plan, they are considered participants only of Compensation Levels and Trends: (202) if they elect the plan and agree to make the 691-6199. required contributions. Defined benefit pension plans use preEmployee Benefits Survey determined formulas to calculate a retirement benefit (if any), and obligate the emDescription of the series ployer to provide those benefits. Benefits are generally based on salary, years of serEmployee benefits data are obtained from vice, or both. the Employee Benefits Survey, an annual Defined contribution plans generally survey of the incidence and provisions of specify the level of employer and employee selected benefits provided by employers. contributions to a plan, but not the formula The survey collects data from a sample of for determining eventual benefits. Instead, approximately 9,000 private sector and State individual accounts are set up for particiand local government establishments. The pants, and benefits are based on amounts data are presented as a percentage of em- credited to these accounts. ployees who participate in a certain benefit, Tax-deferred savings plans are a type or as an average benefit provision (for ex- of defined contribution plan that allow parample, the average number of paid holidays ticipants to contribute a portion of their salprovided to employees per year). Selected ary to an employer-sponsored plan and dedata from the survey are presented in table fer income taxes until withdrawal. 34 for medium and large private establishFlexible benefit plans allow employees ments and in table 35 for small private estab- to choose among several benefits, such as lishments and State and local government. life insurance, medical care, and vacation The survey covers paid leave benefits days, and among several levels of coverage such as holidays and vacations, and personal, within a given benefit. funeral, jury duty, military, family, and sick leave; short-term disability, long-term disability, and life insurance; medical, dental, Notes on the data and vision care plans; defined benefit and defined contribution plans; flexible benefits Surveys of employees in medium and large plans; reimbursement accounts; and unpaid establishments conducted over the 1979family leave. 86 period included establishments that emAlso, data are tabulated on the inci- ployed at least 50, I 00, or 250 workers, dence of several other benefits, such as depending on the industry (most service severance pay, child-care assistance, wellindustries were excluded). The survey conness programs, and employee assistance ducted in 1987 covered only State and loprograms. cal governments with 50 or more employ2005 ees. The surveys conducted in 1988 and 1989 included medium and large establishments with 100 workers or more in private industries. All surveys conducted over the 1979-89 period excluded establishments in Alaska and Hawaii, as well as part-time employees. Beginning in 1990, surveys of State and local governments and small private establishments were conducted in even-numbertd years, and surveys of medium and large establishments were conducted in oddnumbered years. The small establishment survey includes all private nonfann establishments with fewer than 100 workers, while the State and local government survey includes all governments, regardless of the number of workers. All three surveys include full- and part-time workers, and workers in all 50 States and the District of Columbia. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on the Employee Benefits Survey, contact the Office of Compensation Levels and Trends on the Internet: http://www.bls.gov/ebs/ Notes on the data This series is not comparable with the one terminated in 1981 that covered strikes involving six workers or more. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on work stoppages data, contact the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions: (202) 691-6282, or the Internet: http:/www.bls.gov/cba/ Price Data (Tables 2; 37-47) Price data are gathered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from retail and primary markets in the United States. Price indexes are given in relation to a base periodDecember 2003 = 100 for many Producer Price Indexes (unless otherwise noted), 198284 = 100 for many Consumer Price Indexes (unless otherwise noted), and 1990 = 100 for International Price Indexes. Consumer Price Indexes Work stoppages Description of the series Description of the series The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of goods and services. The CPI is calculated monthly for two population groups, one consisting only of urban households whose primary source of income is derived from the employment of wage earners and clerical workers, and the other consisting of all urban households. The wage earner index (CPI-W) is a continuation of the historic index that was introduced well over a halfcentury ago for use in wage negotiations. As new uses were developed for the CPI in recent years, the need for a broader and more representative index became apparent. The all-urban consumer index (CPI-U), introduced in 1978, is representative of the 1993-95 buying habits of about 87 percent of the noninstitutional population of the United States at that time, compared with 32 percent represented in the CPI-W. In addition to wage earners and clerical workers, the CPI-U covers professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, retirees, and others not in the labor force. The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuel, drugs, transportation fares, doctors' and dentists' fees, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. The quantity and quality of these items are kept essentially unchanged be- Data on work stoppages measure the number and duration of major strikes or lockouts (involving 1,000 workers or more) occurring during the month (or year), the number of workers involved, and the amount of work time lost because of stoppage. These data are presented in table 36. Data are largely from a variety of pub1ished sources and cover only establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or secondary effect of stoppages on other establishments whose employees are idle owing to material shortages or lack of service. Definitions The number of strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 workers or more and lasting a full shift or longer. Workers involved: The number of workers directly involved in the stoppage. Number of days idle: The aggregate number of workdays lost by workers involved in the stoppages. Number of stoppages: Days ofidleness as a percent of estimated working time: Aggregate workdays lost as a percent of the aggregate number of standard workdays in the period multiplied by total employment in the period. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis tween major revisions so that only price changes will be measured. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index. Data collected from more than 23,000 retail establishments and 5,800 housing units in 87 urban areas across the country are used to develop the "U.S. city average." Separate estimates for 14 major urban centers are presented in table 38. The areas listed are as indicated in footnote 1 to the table. The area indexes measure only the average change in prices for each area since the base period, and do not indicate differences in the level of prices among cities. Notes on the data In January 1983, the Bureau changed the way in which homeownership costs are meaured for the CPI-U. A rental equivalence method replaced the asset-price approach to homeownership costs for that series. In January 1985, the same change was made in the CPI-W. The central purpose of the change was to separate shelter costs from the investment component of homeownership so that the index would reflect only the cost of shelter services provided by owner-occupied homes. An updated CPI-U and CPI-W were introduced with release of the January 1987 and January 1998 data. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, contact the Division of Prices and Price Indexes: (202) 691-7000. Producer Price Indexes Description of the series Producer Price Indexes (PPI) measure average changes in prices received by domestic producers of commodities in all stages of processing. The sample used for calculating these indexes currently contains about 3,200 commodities and about 80,000 quotations per month, selected to represent the movement of prices of al I commodities produced in the manufacturing; agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining; and gas and electricity and public utilities sectors. The stageof-processing structure of PPI organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication (that is, finished goods, intermediate goods, and crude materials). The traditional commodity structure of PPI organizes products by similarity of end use or material composition. The industry and product structure of PPI organizes data in accordance with the 2002 North American Industry Classification System and product codes developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 53 Current Labor Statistics To the extent possible, prices used in calculating Producer Price Indexes apply to the first significant commercial transaction in the United States from the production or central marketing point. Price data are generally collected monthly, primarily by mail questionnaire. Most prices are obtained directly from producing companies on a voluntary and confidential basis. Prices generally are reported for the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day of the month. Since January 1992, price changes for the various commodities have been averaged together with implicit quantity weights representing their importance in the total net selling value of all commodities as of 1987. The detailed data are aggregated to obtain indexes for stage-of-processing groupings, commodity groupings, durability-of-product groupings, and a number of special composite groups. All Producer Price Index data are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, contact the Division of Industrial Prices and Price Indexes: (202) 691-7705. International Price Indexes Description of the series pleted during the first week of the month. Survey respondents are asked to indicate all discounts, allowances, and rebates applicable to the reported prices, so that the price used in the calculation of the indexes is the actual price for which the product was bought or sold. In addition to general indexes of prices for U.S. exports and imports, indexes are also published for detailed product categories of exports and imports. These categories are defined according to the five-digit level of detail for the Bureau of Economic Analysis End-use Classification, the three-digit level for the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), and the four-digit level of detail for the Harmonized System. Aggregate import indexes by country or region of origin are also available. BLS publishes indexes for selected categories of internationally traded services, calculated on an international basis and on a balance-of-payments basis. Notes on the data The export and import price indexes are weighted indexes of the Laspeyres type. The trade weights currently used to compute both indexes relate to 2000. Because a price index depends on the same items being priced from period to period, it is necessary to recognize when a product's specifications or terms of transaction have been modified. For this reason, the Bureau's questionnaire requests detailed descriptions of the physical and functional characteristics of the products being priced, as well as information on the number of units bought or sold, discounts, credit terms, packaging, class of buyer or seller, and so forth. When there are changes in either the specifications or terms of transaction of a product, the dollar value of each change is deleted from the total price change to obtain the "pure" change. Once this value is determined, a linking procedure is employed which allows for the continued repricing of the item. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, contact the Division of International Prices: (202) The International Price Program produces monthly and quarterly export and import price indexes for nonmilitary goods and services traded between the United States and the rest of the world. The export price index provides a measure of price change for all products sold by U.S. residents to foreign buyers. ("'Residents" is defined as in the national income accounts; it includes corporations, businesses, and individuals, but does not require the organizations to be U.S. owned nor the individuals to have U.S. citizenship.) The import price index provides a measure of price change for goods purchased from other countries by U.S. residents. The product universe for both the import and export indexes includes raw materials, agricultural products, semifinished manufactures, and finished manufactures, including both capital and consumer goods. Price data for these items are collected primarily by P.1::\il questionnaire. In nearly all cases, the data are collected directly from the exporter or importer, although in a few cases, prices are obtained from other sources. To the extent possible, the data gathered refer to prices at the U.S. border for exports and at either the foreign border or the U.S. border for imports. For nearly all products, the prices refer to transactions com- The productivity measures relate real out- 54 2005 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 691-7155. Productivity Data (Tables 2; 48-51) Business and major sectors Description of the series put to real input. As such, they encompass a family of measures which include singlefactor input measures, such as output per hour, output per unit of labor input, or output per unit of capital input, as well as measures of multifactor productivity (output per unit of combined labor and capital inputs). The Bureau indexes show the change in output relative to changes in the various inputs. The measures cover the business, nonfarm business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporate sectors. Corresponding indexes of hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit nonlabor payments, and prices are also provided. Definitions Output per hour of all persons (labor productivity) is the quantity of goods and services produced per hour of labor input. Output per unit of capital services (capital productivity) is the quantity of goods and services produced per unit of capital services input. Multifactor productivity is the quantity of goods and services produced per combined inputs. For private business and private nonfarm business, inputs include labor and capital units. For manufacturing, inputs include labor, capital, energy, nonenergy materials, and purchased business services. Compensation per hour is total compensation divided by hours at work. Total compensation equals the wages and salaries of employees plus employers ' contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans, plus an estimate of these payments for the self-employed (except for nonfinancial corporations in which there are no self-employed). Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour deflated by the change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. Unit labor costs are the labor compensation costs expended in the production of a unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation by output. Unit nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from currentdollar value of output and dividing by output. Unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit profits include corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments per unit of output. Hours of all persons are the total hours at work of payroll workers , self-employed persons, and unpaid family workers. Labor inputs are hours of all persons adjusted for the effects of changes in the education and experience of the labor force. Capital services are the flow of services from the capital stock used in production. It is developed from measures of the net stock of physical assets-equipment, structures, land, and inventories-weighted by rental prices for each type of asset. Combined units of labor and capital inputs are derived by combining changes in labor and capital input with weights which represent each component's share of total cost. Combined units of labor, capital, energy, materials, and purchased business services are similarly derived by combining changes in each input with weights that represent each input's share of total costs. The indexes for each input and for combined units are based on changing weights which are averages of the shares in the current and preceding year (the Tornquist index-number formula). Notes on the data Business sector output is an annuallyweighted index constructed by excluding from real gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, paid employees of private households, and the rental value of owneroccupied dwellings. Nonfarm business also excludes farming. Private business and private nonfarm business further exclude government enterprises. The measures are supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis. Annual estimates of manufacturing sectoral output are produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Quarterly manufacturing output indexes from the Federal Reserve Board are adjusted to these annual output measures by the BLS. Cof!'lpensation data are developed from data of the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours data are developed from data of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The productivity and associated cost measures in tables 48-51 describe the relationship between output in real terms and the labor and capital inputs involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per unit of input. Although these measures relate output to hours and capital services, they do not measure the contributions of labor, capital, or any other specific factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effect of many influences, including changes in technology; shifts in the composition of the labor https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis force; capital investment; level of output; changes in the utilization of capacity, energy, material, and research and development; the organization of production; managerial skill; and characteristics and efforts of the work force. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this productivity series, contact the Division of Productivity Research: (202) 691-5606. ducing that output. Combined inputs include capital, labor, and intermediate purchases. The measure of capital input represents the flow of services from the capital stock used in production. It is developed from measures of the net stock of physical assets-equipment, structures, land, and inventories. The measure of intermediate purchases is a combination of purchased materials, services, fuels, and electricity. Industry productivity measures Notes on the data Description of the series The BLS industry productivity indexes measure the relationship between output and inputs for selected industries and industry groups, and thus reflect trends in industry efficiency over time. Industry measures include labor productivity, multifactor productivity, compensation, and unit labor costs. The industry measures differ in methodology and data sources from the productivity measures for the major sectors because the industry measures are developed independently of the National Income and Product Accounts framework used for the major sector measures. The industry measures are compiled from data produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau, with additional data supplied by other government agencies, trade associations, and other sources. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this series, contact the Division of Industry Productivity Studies: (202) 691-5618. International Comparisons (Tables 52-54) Labor force and unemployment Description of the series Definitions Output per hour is derived by dividing an index of industry output by an index of labor input. For most industries, output indexes are derived from data on the value of industry output adjusted for price change. For the remaining industries, output indexes are derived from data on the physical quantity of production. The labor input series is based on the hours of all workers or, in the case of some transportation industries, on the number of employees. For most industries, the series consists of the hours of all employees. For some trade and services industries, the series also includes the hours of partners, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. Unit labor costs represent the labor compensation costs per unit of output produced, and are derived by dividing an index of labor compensation by an index of output. Labor compensation includes payroll as well as supplemental payments, including both legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. Multifactor productivity is derived by dividing an index of industry output by an index of combined inputs consumed in pro- Tables 52 and 53 present comparative measures of the labor force, employment, and unemployment approximating U.S. concepts for the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, and six European countries. The labor force statistics published by other industrial countries are not, in most cases, comparable to U.S. concepts. Therefore, the Bureau adjusts the figures for selected countries, for all known major definitional differences, to the extent that data to prepare adjustments are available. Although precise comparability may not be achieved, these adjusted figures provide a better basis for international comparisons than the figures regularly published by each country. For further information on adjustments and comparability issues, see Constance Sorrentino, "International unemployment rates: how comparable are they?" Monthly Labor Review, June 2000, pp. 3-20 (available on the BLS Web site at http:// www.bls.gov/opu b/m l r/2000/06/ artlfull.pdf). Definitions For the principal U.S. definitions of the labor force, employment, and unemployment, see the Notes section on Employment and Monthly Labor Review January 2005 55 Current Labor Statistics Unemployment Data: Household survey data. Notes on the data The foreign country data are adjusted as closely as possible to U.S. concepts, with the exception of lower age limits and the treatment of layoffs. These adjustments include, but are not limited to: including older persons in the labor force by imposing no upper age limit, adding unemployed students to the unemployed, excluding the military and family workers working fewer than 15 hours from the employed, and excluding persons engaged in passive job search from the unemployed. Data for the United States relate to the population 16 years of age and older. The U.S. concept of the working age population has no upper age limit. The adjusted to U.S. concepts statistics have been adapted, insofar as possible, to the age at which compulsory schooling ends in each country, and the SweJish statistics have been adjusted to include persons older than the Swedish upper age limit of 64 years. The adjusted statistics presented here relate to the population 16 years of age and older in France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom; 15 years of age and older in Australia, Japan, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. An exception to this rule is that the Canadian statistics are adjusted to cover the population 16 years of age and older, whereas the age at which compulsory schooling ends remains at 15 years. In the labor force participation rates and employmentpopulation ratios, the denominator is the civilian noninstitutionalized working age population, except that the institutionalized working age population is included in Japan and Germany. In the United States, the unemployed include persons who are not employed and who were actively seeking work during the reference period, as well as persons on layoff. Persons waiting to start a new job who were actively seeking work during the reference period are counted as unemployed under U.S. concepts; if they were not actively seeking work, they are not counted in the labor force. In some countries, persons on layoff are classified as employed due to their strong job attachment. No adjustment is made for the countries that classify those on layoff as employed. In the United States, as in Australia and Japan, passive job seekers are not in the labor force; job search must be active, such as placing or answering advertisements, contacting employers directly,or registering with an employment agency (simply reading ads is not enough to qualify as active search). Canada and the European countries classify 56 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis passive jobseekers as unemployed. An adjustment is made to exclude them in Canada, but not in the European countries where the phenomenon is less prevalent. Persons waiting to start a new job are counted among the unemployed for all other countries, whether or not they were actively seeking work. The figures for one or more recent years for France, Germany, and the Netherlands are calculated using adjustment factors based on labor force surveys for earlier years and are considered preliminary. The recent year measures for these countries are therefore subject to revision whenever more current labor force smveys become available. There are breaks in series for the United States (l 994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003), Australia (2001 ), and Germany (1999). For the United States, beginning in 1994, data are not strictly comparable for prior years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the labor force survey questionnaire and collection methodology. The redesign effect has been estimated to increase the overall unemployment rate by 0.1 percentage point. Other breaks noted relate to changes in population controls that had virtually no effect on unemployment rates. For a description of all the changes in the U.S. labor force survey over time and their impact, see Historical Comparability in the "Household Data" section of the BLS publication Employment and Earnings (available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/ cps/eetech_ methods.pdf). For Australia, the 2001 break reflects the introduction in April 2001 of a redesigned labor force survey that allowed for a closer application of International Labor Office guidelines for the definitions of labor force statistics. The Australian Bureau of Statistics revised their data so there is no break in the employment series. However, the reclassification of persons who had not actively looked for work because they were waiting to begin a new job from "not in the labor force" to "unemployed" could only be incorporated for April 2001 forward. This reclassification diverges from the U.S. definition where persons waiting to start a new job but not actively seeking work are not counted in the labor force. The impact of the reclassification was an increase in the unemployment rate by 0.1 percentage point in 2001. For Germany, the 1999 break reflects the incorporation of an improved method of data calculation and a change in coverage to persons living in private households only. For further qualifications and historical data, see Comparative Civilian Labor Force Statistics, Ten Countries, on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/fls/flslforc.pdf January 2005 FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this series, contact the Division of Foreign Labor Statistics: (202) 691-5654 or flshelp@bls.gov Manufacturing productivity and labor costs Description of the series Table 54 presents comparative indexes of manufacturing labor productivity (output per hour), output, total hours, compensation per hour, and unit labor costs for the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and nine European economies. These measures are trend comparisons-that is, series that measure changes over time-rather than level comparisons. There are greater technical problems in comparing the levels of manufacturing output among economies. BLS constructs the comparative indexes from three basic aggregate measures---output, total labor hours, and total compensation. The hours and compensation measures refer to all employed persons (wage and salary earners plus self-employed persons and unpaid family workers) with the exception of Belguim and Taiwan, where only employees (wage and salary earners) are counted. Definitions Output, in general, refers to value added in manufacturing from the national accounts of each country. However, the output series for Japan prior to 1970 is an index of industrial production, and the national accounts measures for the United Kingdom are essentially identical to their indexes of industrial production. The output data for the United States are the gross product originating (value added) measures prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Comparable manufacturing output data currently are not available prior to 1977. U.S. data from 1998 forward are based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Output is in real value-added terms using a chain-type annual-weighted method for price deflation. (For more information on the U.S. measure, see "Improved Estimates of Gross Product by Industry for 1947-98," Survey of Current Business, June 2000, and "Improved Annual Industry Accounts for 1998-2003," Survey of Current Business, June 2004). Most of the other economies now also use annual moving price weights, but earlier years were estimated using fixed price weights, with the weights typically updated every 5 or 10 years. To preserve the comparability of the U.S. measures with those for other economies, BLS us~s gross product originating in manufacturing for the United States for these comparative measures. The gross product originating series differs from the manufacturing output series that BLS publishes in its news releases on quarterly measures of U.S. productivity and costs (and that underlies the measures that appear in tables 48 and 50 in this section). The quarterly measun~:; are on a "sectoral output" basis, rather than a valueadded basis. Sectoral output is gross output less intrasector transactions. Total labor hours refers to hours worked in all economies. The measures are developed from statistics of manufacturing employment and average hours. The series used for Australia, Canada, Demark, France (from 1970 forward), Norway, and Sweden are official series published with the national accounts. For Germany, BLS uses estimates of average hours worked developed by a research institute connected to the Ministry of Labor for use with the national accounts employment figures. For the United Kingdom from 1992, an official annual index of total manufacturing hours is used. Where official total hours series are not available, the measures are developed by BLS using employment figures published with the national accounts, or other comprehensive employment series, and estimates of annual hours worked. Total compensation (labor cost) includes all payments in cash or in-kind made directly to employees plus employer expenditures for legally-required insurance programs and contractual and private benefit plans. The measures are from the national accounts of each economy, except those for Belgium, which are developed by BLS using statistics on employment, average hours, and hourly compensation. For Australia, Canada, France, and Sweden, compensation is increased to account for other significant taxes on payroll or employment. For the United Kingdom, compensation is reduced between 1967 and 1991 to account for employment-related subsidies. Self-employed workers are included in the all-employed-persons measures by assuming that their compensation is equal to the average for wage and salary employees. mining as well. The measures for recent years may be based on current indicators of manufacturing output (such as industrial production indexes), employment, average hours, and hourly compensation until national accounts and other statistics used for the long-term measures become available. Official published data for Australia are in fiscal years that begin on July I. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has finished calendar-year data for recent years for output and hours. For earlier years and for compensation, data are BLS estimates using 2year moving averages of fiscal year data. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this series, contact the Division of Foreign Labor Statistics: (202) 691-5654. Occupational Injury and Illness Data (Tables 55-56) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Description of the series The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses collects data from employers about their workers' job-related nonfatal injuries and illnesses. The information that employers provide is based on records that they maintain under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Self-employed individuals, farms with fewer than 11 employees, employers regulated by other Federal safety and health laws, and Federal, State, and local government agencies are excluded from the survey. The survey is a Federal-State cooperative program with an independent sample selected for each participating State. A stratified random sample with a Neyman allocation is selected to represent all private industries in the State. The survey is stratified by Standard Industrial Classification and size of employment. Definitions Notes on the data In general, the measures relate to total manufacturing as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification. However, the measures for France include parts of https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, employers maintain records of nonfatal work-related injuries and illnesses that involve one or more of the following: loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, transfer to another job, or medical treatment other than first aid. Occupational injury is any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation that results from a work-related event or a single, instantaneous exposure in the work environment. Occupational illness is an abnormal condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to factors associated with employment. It includes acute and chronic illnesses or disease which may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact. Lost workday injuries and illnesses are cases that involve days away from work, or days of restricted work activity, or both. Lost workdays include the number of workdays (consecutive or not) on which the employee was either away from work or at work in some restricted capacity, or both, because of an occupational injury or illness. BLS measures of the number and incidence rate of lost workdays were discontinued beginning with the 1993 survey. The number of days away from work or days of restricted work activity does not include the day of injury or onset of illness or any days on which the employee would not have worked, such as a Federal holiday, even though able to work. Incidence rates are computed as the number of injuries and/or illnesses or lost work days per l 00 full-time workers. Notes on the data The definitions of occupational injuries and illnesses are from Recordkeeping Guidelines for Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 1986). Estimates are made for industries and employment size classes for total recordable cases, lost workday cases, days away from work cases, and nonfatal cases without lost workdays. These data also are shown separately for injuries. Illness data are available for seven categories: occupational skin diseases or disorders, dust diseases of the lungs, respiratory conditions due to toxic agents, poisoning (systemic effects of toxic agents), disorders due to physical agents (other than toxic materials), cl.isorders associated with repeated trauma, and all other occupational illnesses. The survey continues to measure the number of new work-related illness cases which are recognized, diagnosed, and reported during the year. Some conditions, for example, long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the workplace and are not adequately recog- Monthly Labor Review January 2005 57 Current Labor Statistics nized and reported. These long-term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey's illness measure. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (for example, contact dermatitis and carpal tunnel syndrome). Most of the estimates are in the form of incidence rates, defined as the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 equivalent fulltime workers. For this purpose, 200,000 employee hours represent 100 employee years (2,000 hours per employee). Full detail on the available measures is presented in the annual bulletin, Occupational Injuries and Illnes:H;S: Counts, Rates, and Characteristics. Comparable data for more than 40 States and territories are available from the BLS Office of Safety, Health and Working Conditions. Many of these States publish data on State and local government employees in addition to private industry data. Mining and railroad data are furnished to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Federal Railroad Administration. Data from these organizations are in- · eluded in both the national and State data published annually. With the 1992 survey, BLS began publishing details on serious, nonfatal incidents resulting in days away from work. Included are some major characteristics of the injured and ill workers, such as occupation, age, gender, race, and length of service, as well as the circumstances of their injuries and illnesses (nature of the disabling condition, part of body affected, event and exposure, and the source directly producing the condition). In general, 58 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January these data are available nationwide for detailed industries and for individual States at more aggregated industry levels. FOR ADDmONAL INFORMATION on occupational injuries and illnesses, contact the Office of Occupational Safety, Health and Working Coi1ditions at (202) 691-6180, or access the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/iif/ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries compiles a complete roster of fatal job-related injuries, including detailed data about the fatally injured workers and the fatal events. The program collects and cross checks fatality information from multiple sources, including death certificates, State and Federal workers' compensation reports, Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Mine Safety and Health Administration records, medical examiner and autopsy reports, media accounts, State motor vehicle fatality records, and follow-up questionnaires to employers. In addition to private wage and salary workers, the self-employed, family members, and Federal, State, and local government workers are covered by the program. To be included in the fatality census, the decedent must have been employed (that is working for pay, compensation, or profit) at the time of the event, engaged in a legal work activity, or present at the site of the incident as a re- 2005 quirement of his or her job. Definition A fatal work injury is any intentional or unintentional wound or damage to the body resulting in death from acute exposure to energy, such as heat or electricity, or kinetic energy from a crash, or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen caused by a specific event or incident or series of events within a single workday or shift. Fatalities that occur during a person's commute to or from work are excluded from the census, as well as workrelated illnesses, which can be difficult to identify due to long latency periods. Notes on the data Twenty-eight data elements are collected, coded, and tabulated in the fatality program, including information about the fatally injured worker, the fatal incident, and the machinery or equipment involved. Summary worker demographic data and event characteristics are included in a national news release that is available about 8 months after the end of the reference year. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries was initiated in 1992 as a joint Federal-State effort. Most States issue summary information at the time of the national news release. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries contact the BLS Office of Safety, Health, and Working Conditions at (202) 691-6175, or the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/iif/ 1. Labor market indicators Selected indicators 2003 2002 2004 2003 2002 Ill IV Ill IV Ill Employrrent data Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population (househol d survey): 1 Labor force participation rate . 66.6 66.2 66.6 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.2 66.1 66.0 66.0 66.0 Employment-population ratio 62.7 62.3 62.8 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.1 62.2 62 .2 62.3 62.4 5.8 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.9 6.3 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.4 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.6 12.8 13.4 12.9 12.5 12.8 13.9 13.7 13.0 12.6 12.9 12.5 4.4 Unemployment rate .. Men ....... ... ... .... ..... ..... .. 16 to 24 years 25 years and older. Women ............... ... .... . . 16 to 24 years 25 years and older ... Employment, nonfarm (payroll data), in thousands: 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 11.1 11.4 10.8 11.4 11.2 11 .8 11 .5 10.9 11 .1 10.9 10.9 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 1 Total nonfarm .. .. ... ........................... ..... ... .... .... ... ... .. ...... . Total private ... . Goods-producing Manufacturing ....... .. .... ...... ..... . . Service-providing .. 130,341 129,931 108,736 108,664 130,047 129,878 130,002 130,367 131 ,125 131,515 108,828 108,356 108,736 108,654 108,428 108,309 108,260 108,453 108,827 109,577 109,897 22,557 21,817 22,466 22,252 22,025 21,848 21,718 21,676 21,719 21,869 21,934 15,259 14,525 15, 197 14,979 14,775 14,570 14,410 14,340 14,326 14,385 14,406 107,789 108,114 107,821 107,995 108,022 108,030 108,102 108,326 108,648 109,256 109,580 129,820 Average hours: Total private ....... ... .... .... .. .. ... .... .. 33.9 33.7 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.8 Manufacturing .... ... .. .. .. ....... . 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.4 40.4 40.2 40.2 40.6 41 .0 40.9 40.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 .9 .9 1.0 .8 O..,ertime .. ..... .. ....... . .... ........... ......... ..... .......... . Ernployrrent Cost lndex2 Percent change in the ECI, compensation : All workers (excluding farm, household and Federal workers) .... Private industry workers .. . Goods-producing3 ............. ............................ ......................... , 3 Service-providing ..... .... ... .. .... ....................... .... . .. ... ........ .......... . , State and local government workers 3.4 3.8 .9 .8 1.1 .5 1.4 4.0 .6 .6 .4 1.4 3.2 1.7 .8 1.0 .4 1.5 3.7 4.0 .6 .9 1.8 .9 .7 .5 2.3 .9 .9 3.1 4.1 4.0 3.3 .6 2.2 .2 .9 1.5 .8 1.1 .7 .4 1.7 5 .5 1.1 .7 1.0 .4 1.7 1.0 1.0 .7 2.8 1.5 .8 .4 1.3 .8 .9 .8 Workers by bargaining status (private industry): 1 2 Union .. 4.2 4.6 1.2 .9 1.6 1.2 Nonunion .. 3.2 3.9 .5 .4 1.6 .8 NOTE: Annual changes are December-to-December changes. Quarterly changes are calculated controls. Nonfarm data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American using the last month of each quarter. 3 Beginning in January 2003, household survey data reflect revised population Quarterly data seasonally adjusted. Goods-produci ng industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. Service- Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SI C-based data. providing industri es include all other private sector industries. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 59 Current Labor Statistics: Comparative Indicators 2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in compensation, prices, and productivity Selected measures 2002 2003 2002 Ill 2003 II IV 2004 Ill II IV Ill 12 Compensation data ' Employment Cost lndex--<:ompensation (wages, salaries, benefits): Civilian nonfarm .. .............................. Private nonfarm ....................... Employment Cost Index-wages and salaries: Civilian nonfarm ... .................... Private nonfarm .. . .......................... ... .... Price data 3.4 3.2 3.8 4.0 0.9 .6 0.6 .4 1.4 1.7 0.8 .8 1.1 1.0 0.5 .4 1.4 1.5 0.9 .9 1.0 .8 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.0 .7 .4 .4 .3 1.0 1.1 .6 .7 .9 .8 .3 .4 .6 .7 .6 .7 .9 .9 2.3 2.3 .6 -.1 1.8 - .3 - .2 - .2 1.2 1.2 .2 3.2 4.2 .4 4.6 25.2 3.2 4.2 .4 4.6 25.2 .2 .0 -.7 1.1 1.9 -.1 -.3 .6 .1 6.5 3.7 2.4 .6 6.5 28.0 -.8 1.8 -.6 -2 .1 -10.6 .3 .3 - .1 - .1 3.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 14.4 1.2 1.5 .6 2.5 6.0 1.2 1.4 .5 30 7.6 .0 -1.7 .4 1.9 -51 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.4 4.8 4.5 4.1 1.2 1.6 3.4 3.9 3.7 3.2 7.6 6.7 9.1 8.5 9.0 9.4 2.4 3.1 5.0 3.9 3.7 .1 1.5 3.9 2.7 2.3 1.9 1 Consumer Price Index (All Urban Consumers): All Items .. Producer Price Index: Finished goods ............... ....... .......... ..... .... .... .. ... Fin ished consumer goods ...... ..... .... ... ... ............ . Capital equipment. . Intermediate materials, supplies, and components .. Crude materials ................... ... Productivity data 3 Output per hour of all persons : Business sector ... Nonfarm business sector Nonfin ancial coroorations 4 ' Annual changes are December-to-December changes. 3 Quarterly changes are Annual rates of ch ange are com puted by comparing annual averages . calcu lated using the last month of each quarter. Compensation and price data are not Quarterly percent changes reflect annual rates of change in quarterly indexes. seasonally adjusted, and the price data are not compounded . The data are seasonally adjusted . 2 4 Excludes Federal an d private household workers . Output per hour of all employees. NOTE: Dash indicates data not available. 3. Alternative measures of wage and compensation changes Quarterly change 2003 Components Ill Four quarters ending- 2004 II IV 2003 Ill Ill 2004 Ill II IV 1 Average hourly compensation: All persons, business sector .. All persons , nonfarm business sector 5.6 6.1 4.0 4.4 2.8 2.0 4.3 4.9 3.8 3.6 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.4 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.4 3.7 3.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 .5 .4 .7 .4 .5 1.4 1.5 2.8 1.3 .7 .9 .9 1.5 .8 .4 1.0 .8 .8 .9 1.7 3.9 4.0 4.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.6 3.9 3.3 3.8 3.9 5.7 3.6 3.3 3.9 4.0 6.0 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7 58 3.4 3.4 .9 .8 .6 .9 1.0 .3 .4 .6 .2 .4 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 1.0 .6 .2 .9 .9 .8 .8 1.0 2.9 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.4 3.1 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.4 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.0 Employment Cost lndex--<:ompensation: 2 Civilian nonfarm Private nonfarm ...... ...... .. .......................... ........ , ...... .......... .. .. Union ............................... .. ... .... ........ .. Nonunion ... ..................... State and local governments .. .................... Employment Cost Index-wages and salaries: 2 Civilian nonfarm Private nonfarm Union .................. ... ......... Nonunion .. .. ..................... State and local governments .. .... ..... ... ......... .4 Seasonally adjusted. "Quarterly average" is percent change from a quarter ago, at an annual rate. Excludes Federal and household workers . Monthly Labor Review 60 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 4. Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Annual average Employment status 2004 2003 2002 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 217,570 221,168 222,279 222,509 222,161 222,357 222,550 222,757 222,967 223, 196 223,422 223,677 223,941 224,192 224,422 144,863 66.6 136,485 146,510 66.2 137,736 147,109 66.2 138,457 146,808 66.0 138,409 146,785 66.1 138,48 1 146,529 65.9 138,334 146,737 65.9 138,408 146,788 65 .9 138,645 147,018 65.9 138,846 147,386 66.0 139,158 147,823 66.2 139,639 147,676 66.0 139,658 147,531 65.9 139,527 147,893 66.0 139,827 148,313 66.1 140,293 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional 1 population Civilian labor force Participation rate . Employed Employment-pop2 ulation ratio .. Unemployed Unemployment rate .. Not in the labor force 62.7 62.3 62.3 62.2 62.4 62.2 62.1 62.2 62.2 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.5 8,378 5.8 72,707 8,774 6.0 74,658 8,651 5.9 75,171 8,399 5.7 75,701 8,303 5.6 75,377 8,195 5.6 75,828 8,330 5.7 75,812 8,143 5.6 75,969 8,172 5.6 75,950 8,228 5.6 75,809 8,184 5.5 75,599 8,018 5.4 76,001 8,005 5.5 76,410 8,066 5.4 76,299 8,020 5.5 76,109 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional 1 population Civilian labor force .. Participation rate Employed .. Employment-pop2 ulation ratio Unempl oyed .. Unempl oyment rate Not in the labor force 96,439 98,272 98,814 98,927 98,866 98,966 99,065 99,170 99,279 99,396 99,512 99,642 99,776 99,904 100,017 73,630 76.3 69,734 74,623 75.9 70,415 75,169 76.1 70,939 75,103 75.9 71,135 75,139 76.0 71,283 74,854 75.6 71,014 75,035 75.7 71,158 74,908 75.5 71,158 75,095 75.6 71,226 75,631 75.8 71,575 75,567 75.9 71,830 75,615 75.9 71,847 75,462 75.6 71,701 75,632 75.7 71,895 75,866 75.9 71,134 72.3 71 .7 71 .8 71.9 72.1 71.8 71.8 71 .8 71.7 720 72.2 72.1 71 .9 720 72.1 3,896 5.3 22,809 4 ,209 5.6 23,649 4,230 5.6 23,646 3,968 5.3 13,842 3,856 5.1 23,726 6,840 5.1 24,112 3,877 5.2 24,029 3,751 5.0 24,261 3,869 5.2 24,184 3,786 5.0 24,035 3,737 4.9 23,945 3,768 5.0 24,026 3,761 5.0 24,314 3,736 4.9 24,272 3,733 4.9 24,151 105,136 106,800 107,303 107,404 107,1 31 107,216 107,299 107,389 107,483 107,586 107,687 107,801 107,920 108,032 108,129 63,648 60.5 60,420 64,7 16 60.6 61,402 64,835 60.4 61,597 64,743 60.3 61,523 64,475 60.2 61,437 64,636 60.3 61,456 64,723 60.3 61,424 64,776 60.3 61,591 64,803 60.3 61,723 64,989 60.4 61,731 65,085 60.4 61,902 64,909 60.2 61,877 65,008 60.2 61,939 65,126 60.3 62,024 65,244 60.3 62,145 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noni nstitutional 1 population Civi lian labor force .. Participation rate .. Employed .. Employment-pop2 ulation ratio .. Unemployed. Unemployment rate .. Not in the labor force 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.3 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.4 57 4 57.4 57.5 3,228 5.1 41,488 3,314 5.1 42,083 3,320 5.1 42,469 3,302 5.1 42,661 3,306 5.0 42,657 3,179 4.9 42,580 3,299 5.1 42,576 3,185 409.0 42,613 3,080 4.8 42,680 3,259 5.0 42,597 3,183 4.9 42,603 3,032 4.7 42,892 3,069 4.7 42,912 3,102 4.8 42,906 3,099 4.7 42,885 15,994 16,096 16,162 16,178 16,164 16,175 16,186 16,198 16,205 16,214 16,222 16,234 16,246 16,257 16,293 7,585 47.4 6,332 7,170 44.5 5,919 7,105 44.0 5,987 6,961 43.0 5,836 7,171 44.4 5,962 7,039 43.5 5,864 6,979 43.1 5,825 7,104 43.9 5,897 7,120 43.9 5,896 7,036 43.4 5,853 7,172 44.2 5,907 7,152 44.1 5,934 7,062 43.5 5,887 7,165 43.9 5,908 7,202 44.2 6,014 Both sexes , 16 to 19 years Civilian noni nstituti onal 1 population Civi lian labor force .. Participation rate . Employed ... Empl oyment-pop2 ulati on ratio .. Unemployed .. Unemployment rate . Not in the labor force . White 39.6 36.8 37.0 36.1 36.9 36.3 36.0 36.4 36.4 36.1 36.4 36.6 36.2 36.3 36.9 1,253 16.5 8,409 1,251 17.5 8,926 1,119 15.7 9,057 1,125 16.2 9,216 1,209 16.9 8,993 1,175 16.7 9,196 1,154 16.5 9,207 1,207 17.0 9,094 1,223 17.2 9,086 1,184 16.8 9,178 1,265 17.6 9,051 1,2 17 17.0 9,082 1,175 16.6 9,184 1,227 17.2 9,122 1,188 16.5 9,074 179,783 181 ,292 182,032 182,185 181,879 182,00 1 182,121 182,252 182,384 182,531 182,676 182.846 183,022 183,188 183,340 120,150 66.8 114,013 120,546 66.5 114,235 120,964 66.5 114,699 120,703 66.3 114,626 120,743 66.4 114,77 1 120,590 66.3 114,615 120,598 66.2 114,500 120,713 66.2 114,779 120,997 66.3 115,006 121 ,212 66.4 115,199 121,383 66.4 115,610 121,278 66.3 115,526 120,995 66.1 115,318 121,273 66.2 115,618 121,606 66.3 115,966 3 Civilian noninstitutional 1 population Civilian labor force .. Participation rate Empl oyed .. Empl oyment-pop2 ulation ratio Unemployed .. Unemployment rate Not in the labor force . Black or African American .. 63.4 63.0 63.0 62.9 63.1 63.0 62.9 63.0 63.1 63.1 63.3 63.2 63.0 63.1 63.3 6,137 5.1 59,633 6 ,3 11 5.2 60,746 6,265 5.2 61,069 6,077 5.0 61,482 5,972 4.9 61,136 5,975 5.0 61,411 6,098 5.1 61,522 5,934 4.9 61,539 5,991 5.0 61,387 6,013 5.0 61,319 5,773 4.8 61,293 5,752 4 .7 61,568 5,677 4.7 62,027 5,655 4.7 61,915 5,640 46 61,735 25,578 25,686 25,860 25,894 25,867 25,900 25,932 25,967 26,002 26,040 26,078 26,120 26,163 26,204 26,239 16,565 64.8 14,872 16,526 64.3 14,739 16,509 63.8 14,8 18 16,362 63.2 14,697 16,603 64.2 14,875 16,427 63.4 14,825 16,603 64.0 14,917 16,505 63.6 14,893 16,480 63.4 14,837 16,52 1 63.4 14,825 16,775 64.3 14,937 16,721 64.0 14,972 16,711 63.9 14,981 16,820 62.4 15,012 16,728 63.8 14,913 3 Civilian noninstitutional 1 population Civilian labor force .. . Participation rate .... Employed Empl oyment-pop2 ulation ratio .. Unemployed Unemployment rate ... Not in the labor force 58.1 57.4 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.3 57.5 57.4 57.1 56.9 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.3 56 8 1,693 10.2 9,013 1,787 10.8 9,161 1,692 10.2 9,512 1,665 10.2 9,559 1,728 10.4 9,264 1,598 9.7 9,473 1,685 10.2 9,330 1,6 12 9.8 9,462 1,642 10.0 9,523 1,696 10.3 9,520 1,838 11.0 9,303 1,749 10.5 9,399 1,730 10.4 9,452 1,808 10.7 9,384 1,814 10.8 9 ,5 12 See footnotes at end of table https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 61 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 4. Continued-Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Annual average Employment status 2004 2003 2002 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 25,963 17,943 69.1 16,590 27,551 18,813 68.3 17,372 28,016 19,081 68.9 17,660 28,116 19,051 68.7 17,794 27,619 18,849 68.2 17,476 27,705 18,702 67.5 17,315 27,791 19,036 68.5 17,633 27,879 19,081 68.4 17,724 27,968 19,297 69.0 17,959 28,059 19,302 68.8 18,013 28,150 19,432 69.0 18,102 28,243 19,463 68.9 18,128 28,338 19,444 68.6 18,079 28,431 19,524 68.7 18,213 28,520 19,552 68.6 18,238 63.9 1,353 7.5 8,020 63.1 1.441 7.7 8,738 63.0 1.421 7.4 8,935 63.3 1,257 6.6 9,065 63.3 1,373 7.3 8,770 62.5 1,387 7.4 9,003 63.5 1.403 7.4 8.755 63.6 1,358 7.1 8,797 64.2 1,338 6.9 8,671 64.2 1,289 6.7 8,756 64.3 1,330 6.8 8,717 64.2 1,335 6.9 8,780 63.8 1,366 7.0 8,894 64.1 1,311 6.7 8,907 63.9 1,313 6.7 8,968 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Civilian noninstitutional 1 oooulation Civilian labor force ...... .. Participation rate ....... Employed .......... . . .. ...' . .. Employment-population ratio2 Unemployed ....... .......... Unemployment rate ... Not in the labor force ... 1 The population figures are not seasonally adjusted. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. 3 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white and to totals because data are not presented for all races . identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, well as by race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect household survey. black or African American) do not sum In addition, persons whose ethnicity is therefore, are classified by ethnicity as revised population controls used in the 5. Selected errpoyment irdcators, rronthly dc:ia seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 2004 2003 Annual average Selected categories Afr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. 138,408 74,062 64,345 138,645 74,104 64,541 138,846 74,118 64,728 139,158 74,501 64,658 139,639 74,811 64,828 139,658 74,824 64,834 139,527 74,629 64,898 139,827 74,852 64,975 140,293 75,188 65,104 45,044 45,000 44,759 44,763 44,958 44,948 45,009 45,093 45,127 45,462 34,546 34,481 34,283 34,375 34,536 34,487 34,607 34,494 34,708 34,808 34,961 2002 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan Feb. Mar. 136,485 72,903 63,582 137,736 73,332 64,404 138,457 73,869 64,588 138,400 74,122 64,286 168,481 74,284 64,197 138,334 73,937 64,397 44,116 44,653 45,043 45,383 45,443 34,153 34,695 34,916 34,897 Characteristic Errpoyed, 16 years and CNer .. lv1en .......... ........... ......... Wlrren ................. Married rren, spouse present. ........ .............. Married w::>rren, spouse present.......... ....... ........... Persons at work part tlme 1 All industries: Part time for a::onaric reasons ... 4,213 4,701 4,843 4,782 4,703 4,445 4,708 4,557 4,634 4,504 4,488 4,500 4.476 4,762 4,533 Sack w:Jl1< or business conditions ......... ........ Could ooly find part-time 2,788 3,118 3,198 3,197 2,972 2,841 2,984 2,813 2,845 2,801 2,642 2,816 2,805 3,052 2,761 w:Jll< .......................... 1,124 1,279 1,370 1,305 1,400 1,363 1,430 1,431 1,449 1,400 1.472 1,403 1,312 1,385 1,420 18,843 19,014 19,171 18,656 18,986 19,020 19,091 19,130 19,570 19,564 19,737 19,657 19.410 19,704 19,499 4,119 4,596 4,752 4,704 4,604 4,335 4,595 4.451 4,567 4,423 4,390 4,408 4,400 4,656 4,404 2,726 3,052 3,131 3,149 2,894 2,768 2,899 2,747 2,801 2,753 2,580 2,722 2,750 2,971 2,685 w:Jll< ....... ............. 1,114 1,264 1,366 1,272 1,405 1,350 1.415 1.425 1,458 1,382 1,484 1,388 1,320 1,363 1,396 Part time for nonecooaric reasons . .. ..... .. 18,487 18,658 18,796 18.416 18,711 18,775 18,791 18,844 19,145 19,123 19,327 19,204 19,001 19,288 19,141 Part time for nonecooaric nonecooorric reasoos ..... Nooagricultural industries: Part time for a::onaric reasons ................. ........ Sack w:Jl1< or business conditions .... .................. Could a,ly find part-time 1 Bldudes persons "wth a job but not at w:Jl1<" during the survey period for such reasa,s as vocatioo, illness, or industrial dsputes. r'-OTE: Bajnning in January 2003, data refloct revised ~lation controls used in the housaldd survey. 62 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 6. Selected unemployment indicators, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Unemployment rates) 2003 Annual average Selected categories 2002 2003 2004 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Characteristic 5.8 16.5 5.3 5.1 6.0 17.5 5.6 5.1 5.9 15.7 5.6 5.1 5.7 16.2 5.3 5.1 5.7 16.9 5.1 5.0 5.6 16.7 5.1 4.9 5.7 16.5 5.2 5.1 5.5 17.0 5.0 4.9 5.6 17.2 5.2 4.8 5.6 16.8 5.0 5.0 5.5 17.6 4.9 4.9 5.4 17.0 5.0 4.7 5.4 16.6 5.0 4.7 5.5· 17.2 4.9 4.8 5.4 16.5 4.9 4.7 5.1 14.5 15.9 13.1 4.7 4.4 5.2 15.2 17.1 13.3 5.0 4.4 5.2 14.3 15.8 11.4 5.0 4.3 5.0 14.7 17.0 13.3 4.7 4.3 4.9 14.1 14.0 14.2 4.5 4.4 5.0 15.3 15.6 15.1 4.6 4.2 5.1 14.8 16.3 13.3 4.7 4.4 4.9 15.7 17.8 13.3 4.5 4.2 5.0 15.6 18.5 12.7 4.7 4.1 5.0 14.8 16.2 13 3 4.5 4.4 4.8 14.9 15.5 14.2 4.3 4.2 4.7 15.4 15.8 15.0 4.4 4.0 4.7 14.7 15.9 13.5 4.3 4.0 4.7 15.1 17.4 12.6 4.2 4.0 4.6 14.4 15.5 13.2 4.2 4.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .............. Men, 16 to 19 years .. Women, 16 to 19 years .... Men, 20 years and older .. Women, 20 years and older .. 10.2 29.8 31.3 28.3 9.5 8.8 10.8 33.0 36.0 30.3 10.3 9.2 10.2 28.9 33.1 25.5 9.9 9.0 10.2 27.6 28.2 27.1 9.3 9.5 10.4 33 .1 42.2 25.9 9.5 9.0 9.7 25 .2 29.1 22.4 9.3 8.8 10.2 30.1 37.0 23.5 9.2 9.3 9.8 28.4 30 .7 26.4 9.3 8.6 100 32.3 30.4 33.9 9.4 8.4 10.3 32.7 34.4 31.2 9.5 9.0 11.0 37.2 37 .9 36.6 10.3 9.1 105 29.4 34 .9 24.2 10.4 8.7 10.4 28.6 35.9 21 .1 102 8.9 10.7 34 .7 37 .1 32.4 10.2 8.9 10.8 32 .7 38.1 270 10.5 9.0 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .. ········· Married men, spouse present .. Married women, spouse present. ......... Full-time workers ... Part-time workers .............. 7.5 3.6 3.7 5.9 5.2 7.7 7.4 3.7 3.8 6.0 5.1 6.6 3.4 3.8 5.8 5.3 7.3 3.3 3.7 5.7 5.4 7.4 3.4 3.6 5.7 5.2 7.4 3.1 3.3 5.7 5.2 6.7 3.2 3.7 5.6 5.5 6.8 3.2 3.7 5.8 5.4 7.1 3.1 3.7 5.6 5.3 6.9 3.8 3.7 6.1 5.5 3.2 3.5 5.6 5.2 6.9 3.1 3.5 5.5 5.2 7.0 3.0 3.1 5.5 5.0 6.7 3.0 3.1 5.4 5.5 6.7 3.1 3.4 5.4 5.4 8.4 8.8 8.7 8.1 8.8 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.3 8.2 8.9 8.2 8.0 5.3 4.5 5.5 4.8 5.3 4.7 5.5 4.4 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.3 5.3 4.7 5.2 4.1 5.0 4.0 5.1 4.2 50 4.2 4.9 4.1 4.8 4.0 4.9 4.2 4.9 4.3 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 Total , 16 years and older ... . ..... ............... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .. Men, 20 years and older... Women, 20 years and older. ···· ·· .... White, total' . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .. ........... Men, 16 to 19 years .. Women, 16 to 19 years ... ···· ··· Men , 20 years and older .. Women , 20 years and older.. Black or African American, total' ... 2 Educational attainment Less than a high school diploma .. High school graduates, no college 3 .. Some college or associate degree .. Bachelor's degree and higher 4 .. ' Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who Includes high school diploma or equivalent . selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race . 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional , and doctoral degrees . NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the Data refer to persons 25 years and older. household survey. 7. Duration of unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands) Weeks of unemployment Less than 5 weeks ......................... 5 to 14 weeks .. ............ .. .. .. ..... 15 weeks and over ······· .. ... .. .. .. 15 to 26 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .. .. 27 weeks and over .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. Mean duration , in weeks .. Median duration , in weeks .. Annual average 2002 2003 2003 2004 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 2,893 2,580 2,904 1,369 1,535 2,785 2,612 3,378 1,442 1,936 2,638 2,525 3,451• 1,448 2,004 2,595 2,453 3,389 1,496 1,893 2,623 2,402 3,339 1,447 1,892 2,449 2,418 3,252 1,382 1,870 2,623 2,417 3,321 1,330 1,991 2,772 2,370 2,956 1,165 1,791 2,731 2,376 3,059 1,277 1,783 2,715 2,397 3,051 1,294 1,757 2,803 2,458 2,885 1,198 1,686 2,605 2,521 2,924 1,243 1,681 2,796 2,251 2,971 1,227 1,744 2,753 2,290 3,032 1,261 1,771 2,611 2,361 3,012 1,294 1,718 16.6 9.1 19.2 10.1 19.9 10.4 19.8 10.4 19.8 10.6 20.3 10.2 19.9 10.2 19.7 9.4 19.8 9.9 19.8 108 18.5 8.9 19.2 9.5 19.6 9.5 19.7 9.5 19.8 9.8 NOTE : Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 63 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Annual average Reason for unemployment 2002 1 Job losers On temporary layoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Not on temporary layoff .. Job leavers .. Reentrants .. ... . .. ..... ...... .. New entrants .. .. .... ........ .... ... .. 2003 4,607 1,124 3,483 866 2,368 536 4,838 1,121 3,717 818 2,477 641 2003 2004 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 4,696 1,063 3,516 928 2,445 609 4,569 1,054 3,144 759 2,387 696 4,380 1,030 3,350 807 2,514 677 4,284 1,060 3,224 835 2,421 671 4,475 1,035 3,440 845 2,419 629 4,322 993 3,329 835 2,310 650 4,190 920 3,270 855 2,437 723 4,117 1,009 3,108 909 2,426 642 4,228 1,068 3,160 896 2,333 686 3,978 971 3,007 885 2,440 699 4,014 919 3,094 830 2,417 697 4,074 947 3,127 829 2,411 747 4,066 941 3,124 880 2,388 723 Percent of unemployed 1 Job losers On temporary layoff .. Not on temporary layoff. . Job leavers .. Reentrants ... .. ... .... .... ... ... . New entrants .. .. .... 55 .0 55.1 54 .1 54 .3 52 .3 52 .2 51 .1 49.7 50.4 50.5 5.1 12.2 41 .9 10.7 28.2 7.0 12.5 41 .8 9.0 28.4 8.3 12.3 40.0 9.6 30 .9 8.1 12 .9 39.3 10.2 28.4 8.2 12.2 41 .0 10.3 28.5 8.0 11 .2 39.3 10.4 29.7 8.8 50 .9 12.5 38.4 11.2 30.0 7.9 51 .9 12 .8 42.4 9.3 28.2 7.3 53.5 12.4 41 .1 10.1 28.4 7.5 53 .2 13.4 41.6 10.3 28 .3 6.4 13.1 38.8 11.0 28 .6 8.4 12.1 37.6 11 .1 30.5 8.7 11 .6 38.9 10.4 30.4 8.8 11 .8 38 .8 10.3 29 .9 9.3 11 .7 38.8 10.9 29 .6 9.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 .6 1.6 .6 1.7 .4 .5 1.7 .6 1.6 .5 .6 1.7 .5 .6 1.7 .5 .6 1.6 .4 .6 1.6 .4 .6 1.7 .5 .6 1.6 .4 .6 1.6 .5 .6 1.7 .5 .6 1.6 .5 .6 1.6 .5 .6 1.6 .5 Percent of civil Ian labor force 1 Job losers .. ..... ... ... .. ... .. Job leavers ........ ... ...... .. . Reentrants .. New entrants ... 1 .4 .4 Includes persons who completed temporary jobs . NOTE: Beginning in January 2003 , data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 9. Unemployment rates by sex and age, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Civilian workers] Sex and age Annual average 2002 2003 2003 Nov. 2004 Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Total , 16 years and older .. .. ...... 16 to 24 years ............ ...... .... 16 to 19 years ...... 16 to 17 years .. , ... .... 18 to 19 years ...... .. .... 20 to 24 years .... ........ .. .... 25 years and older ....... . .. .. . ... 25 to 54 years .. 55 years and older ... .......... 5.8 12.0 16.5 18.8 15.1 9.7 4.6 4.8 3.8 6.0 12.4 17.5 19.1 16.4 10.0 4.8 5.0 4.1 5.9 12.1 15.7 17.5 14.8 10.3 4.8 5.0 3.9 5.7 11 .7 16.2 18.5 14.5 9.6 4.6 4.8 3.9 5.7 12.1 16.9 18.5 15.9 9.8 4.5 4.7 3.7 5.6 11 .8 16.7 18.1 15.6 9.5 4.5 4.6 3.8 5.7 11 .8 16.5 19.7 14.4 9.6 4.6 4.8 3.8 5.5 11.7 17.0 20.5 14.7 9.2 4.5 4.6 3.8 5.6 12.1 17.2 21 .5 14.7 9.7 4.4 4.5 3.9 56 12.0 16.8 20.5 14.4 9.7 4.5 4.5 3.9 5.5 11 .9 17.6 20 .3 16.1 9.2 4.4 4.6 3.7 5.4 11.6 17.0 20.7 14.9 9.0 4.3 4.4 3.7 5.4 11 .8 16.6 19.6 14.9 9.5 4.3 4.4 3.7 5.5 12.2 17.2 20.6 15.2 9.8 4.3 3.8 5.4 11 .5 16.5 21 .2 13.5 9.2 4.3 4.4 3.7 Men, 16 years and older ..... .......... 16 to 24 years .. 16 to 19 years .. ......... 16 to 17 years . .... .. .. .. .. .. 18 to 19 years ... ... ... ...... .... . 20 to 24 years .. ... .. . ., 25 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , 25 to 54 years .. ...... .. " 55 years and older .......... ... . 5.9 12.8 181 21 .1 16.4 10.2 4.7 4.8 4.1 6.3 13.4 19.3 20.7 18.4 10.6 5.0 5.2 4.4 6.2 13.3 18.4 18.3 18.2 11 .0 5.0 5.2 4.1 5.8 12.5 17.2 18.3 16.4 10.4 4.6 4.9 3.9 5.7 12.7 17.5 19.9 16.1 10.6 4.5 4.6 3.7 5.7 12.3 17.3 20.1 15.7 10.1 4.5 4.7 3.7 5.8 12.6 18.3 22 .4 15.8 10.1 4.6 4.8 3.9 5.7 12.9 19.2 23.3 16.6 10.0 4.4 4.5 3.9 5.8 130 19.0 23.2 16.6 10.3 4.6 4.7 4.1 5.6 12.7 18.0 22 .3 15.9 10.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 5.5 12.2 17.8 21.2 15.9 9.7 4.4 4.5 3.8 5.6 12.5 18.1 21 .9 16.1 10.0 4.4 4.5 4.0 5.6 12.9 18.2 20 .6 16.8 10.5 4.3 4.4 3.9 5.6 13.0 19.2 22 .1 17.7 10.2 4.3 4.4 4.1 5.5 12.4 18.2 23.0 14.8 9.8 4.3 4.4 3.7 Women, 16 years and older ... 16 to 24 years ...... .... .. 16 to 19 years .. .... .. 16 to 17 years . . ... . . . ... . .. 18t019years .. .. ............ 20 to 24 years .. 25 years and older .. . ... . .. .. .. .. 25 to 54 years . . . . . .. . . . . . · • .. ·• 5.6 11 .1 14.9 16.6 13.8 9.1 4.6 4.8 5.7 11 .4 15.6 17.5 14.2 9.3 4.6 4.8 5.5 10.7 13.0 16.2 11 .3 9.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 10.8 15.1 18.6 12.4 8.7 4.6 4.9 5.6 11 .3 16.2 17.1 15.6 8.9 4.6 4.8 5.5 11 .3 16.0 16.2 15.5 8.9 4.5 4.6 5.6 10.8 14.7 17.3 12.8 8.9 4.6 4.9 5.4 10.4 14.7 17.9 12.5 8.3 4.5 4.7 5.3 11 .1 15.4 20.1 12.7 9.0 4.2 4.4 5.6 11 .2 15.6 18.9 12.7 9.0 4.5 4.7 5.5 11.6 17.5 19.5 16.4 8.7 4.4 4.7 5.2 10.6 15.9 19.7 13.5 7.9 4.3 4.4 5.2 10.6 15.0 18.6 12.8 8.4 4.3 4.4 5.3 11 .3 15.1 19.0 12.5 9.4 4.2 4.4 5.2 10.5 14.6 19.3 12.1 8.5 4.3 4.4 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.6 55 years and older' .. 1 Data are not seasonally adjusted . NOTE : Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 64 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 4.4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 10. Unemployment raes byStae, seasonalyoojusted Oct. State 2003 Sept. Oct. 2004P 2004P State Oct. Sept. Oct. 2003 2004P 2004P Alabama ................... ... .... ...... ............ . Alaska .. .. Arizona .. ... .. ...... ...... .. ........ ........ ......... ... . .... ... ...... ... ... ........ ... . Arkansas California 5.8 8.1 5.2 6.7 6.7 5.7 7.6 4.8 5.5 6.0 5.5 7.2 4.8 5.5 5.8 Missouri .. .. .. ................. . Montana .... ....................... . Nebraska .......... . Nevada ...... . New Hampshire. 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.1 4.2 5.7 5.1 3.7 3.9 3.5 5.6 4.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 Colorado Connecticut.. .. .. ...................... .. Delaware..... District of Columbia .. .. Florida ... 5.9 5.5 4.4 7.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 3.9 8.0 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.0 8.5 4.6 New Jersey ........................ . New Mexico.. .. ............... .. New York ........................ . ................ .. ....... . North Carolina North Dakota ....................................... . 5.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 3.9 4.8 5.4 5.5 4.8 3.6 4.7 5.2 5.2 4.8 3.7 Georgia Hawaii ... Idaho Illinois .... Indiana. 4.4 4.5 5.2 6.8 5.1 4.1 3.1 5.0 6.0 5.2 4.2 3.3 5.2 6.1 5.4 Ohio ......................................... ........ .. . Oklahoma .......... ....... .. . Oregon ......... . Pennsylvania Rhode Island 6.0 5.7 7.9 5.4 5.0 6.0 4.4 7.3 5.4 5.0 6.4 4.5 7.2 5.5 4.5 Iowa .. Kansas Kentucky .. . Louisia~a ................... . Maine ..... 46 5.3 6.0 6.2 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.6 4.6 South Carolina .. South Dakota ......... Tennessee .. Texas ................. ......... .... ......... .. Utah 7.1 3.6 6.1 6.7 5.4 6.8 3.5 5.1 5.5 4.6 6.4 3.3 5.1 5.5 4.7 Maryland .. .. ... ... ... .......... .... . Massachusetts . ............... .. ..... .. Michigan..... Minnesota .. .. .... .... ......... ........... ....... .. . Mississippi 4.5 5.8 7.6 5.1 6.0 4.1 4.6 6.8 4.6 6.1 3.9 4.7 6.6 4.3 6.3 Vermont Virginia ... Wash ington .. . West Virginia .................. . Wisconsin .. . Wyom ing ... . ....... .......... .. .................... . 4.7 3.9 7.5 5.9 5.5 4.3 3.3 3.3 5.6 5.1 5.0 3.9 3.1 3.3 5.6 5.1 5.0 3.8 P = preliminary 11. Emoloyment of workers on nonfam oavrolls by Stae, seasonaly oojusted State Oct. Sept. Oct. 2003 2004P 2004P 3,039,012 487,422 992 ,059 1,184,969 730,638 2,542,868 1,788,408 428,931 306,411 8,457,181 New Jersey ....... New Mexico ... New York. North Carolina North Dakota ... ... ... ....... ... ... .... 4,383,706 902,705 9,300,266 4,262 ,778 347,121 4,408,760 910,575 9,326,317 4,159,369 351 ,305 4,414 ,138 912,006 9,312,761 4,175,865 354,440 4,421,104 630,469 708,691 6,427,008 3,152 ,667 4,430,274 632,110 710,594 6,443,178 3,169,584 Ohio Oklahoma Oregon .... .. ................... Pennsylvania .... Rhode Island 5,920,554 1,696,401 1,854,681 6,141 ,350 574,162 5,866,455 1,705,444 1,831 ,898 6,294,971 567,170 5,888 ,552 1,711 ,742 1,849,709 6,299,287 565,452 1,608,437 1,437,234 1,960,917 2,044,013 696,046 1,630,044 1,473,854 1,979,298 2,060,571 698,151 1,635,603 1,478,259 1,980,574 2,062,831 701,233 South Carolina. ..... ................ South Dakota ....... ......... ........... Tennessee . ... ... ... .... .. .. , Texas .. Utah 2,019,922 425,649 2,910,755 10,958,310 1,191 ,220 2,082,082 425,301 2,942 ,919 10,978,816 1,212,684 2,080,923 425,076 2,945,699 11 ,008,283 1,218,682 2,908,712 3,399,581 5,076,340 2,928,312 1,315,549 2,957,486 3,389,399 5,063,903 2,962,011 1,327,562 2,956,279 3,396,232 5,085,966 2,962,303 1,326,002 Vermont.. .... Virginia .... Washington West Virginia ... Wisconsin ... Wyoming ... ............. 351 ,006 3,783,315 3,151 ,042 782,764 3,088,677 281 ,1 27 352,624 3,833,314 3,211 ,091 803,227 3,118,730 280,270 351 ,563 3,861 ,265 3,203,962 803 ,905 3,121,422 280,256 Colorado ..... Connecticut . Delaware ...... ·········• ·.. ··• ··· District of Columbia Florida 2,487,545 1,799,276 419,854 302,418 8,194,656 2,531,875 1,791 ,043 427,481 304,960 8,408,213 Georgia Hawaii Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois .. Indiana ... 4,445,774 625 ,266 694,626 6,353,558 3,191,428 Iowa Kansas .. Kentucky. Louisiana .................................. .. ......... ............... Maine .... . Maryland Massachusetts .. Michigan .... Minnesota .. Mississippi P .................... Oct. 2004P 3,037,041 485,431 991 ,699 1,184,713 731,022 2,162,788 347,143 2,794,442 1,331,533 17,750,890 . Sept. 2004P 3,043,437 476,946 981 ,215 1,147,709 724,974 2,163,070 347,400 2,770,870 1,326,929 17,707,574 . ......... .. . Oct. 2003 .................... Missouri . Montana .... Nebraska ....... ......... ... ...... ........... Nevada ... New Hampshire ..................... 2,165,436 334 ,602 2,695,697 1,265,205 17,505,091 Alabama ... Alaska .. Arizona ... Arkansas ··············· ····· · California ...... ...... ...... ....... State • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • • • • = preliminary. NOTE: some data in this table may differ from data published elsewhere because of the continual updating of the data base . Monthly Labor Review January 2005 65 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 12. Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by Industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted [In thousands) 2003 Annual average Industry 2002 TOTAL NONFARM ............... TOTAL PRIVATE. ..................... GOODS-PRODUCING ..... .. ......... Natural resources and mining ................................... Logging. . ... .. . . . . .. .. . .. .... ········· Mining . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Oil and gas extraction .. Mini no. exceot oil and aas' .. Coal minino ................. ..... Support activities for mining ... Construction.............................. 2003 Nov. 2004 Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.P Nov.P 130,341 129,931 130,027 130,035 130,194 130,277 130,630 130,954 131,162 131 ,258 131,343 131,541 131,660 131,972 132,109 108,828 22,557 108.356 21,817 108.483 21,686 108.491 21,668 108,667 21,696 108,738 21,684 109.077 21 ,778 109.382 21,822 109,618 21,894 109,730 21,891 109,771 21,906 109,912 21,939 110,008 21,958 110.297 22,016 110.422 11,017 583 70.4 512.2 121 .9 571 68.5 502.3 122.9 571 67.6 503.4 123.9 570 65.9 504.3 124.6 570 65.1 505.1 126.9 572 64.2 508.1 128.9 581 65.9 514.9 130.0 585 66.7 518.5 131.0 589 65.6 523.2 132.3 587 64.5 522.7 132.0 592 64.5 527.5 132.2 591 64.6 526.6 132.7 593 64.9 527.7 132.9 592 64.2 527.5 132.7 595 63.6 531.0 133.5 210.6 202.7 202.4 202.0 200.0 200.6 202.8 205.2 207.8 207.9 2 11.2 209.2 209.4 209.0 210.7 74.4 179.8 70.4 176.8 69.5 177.1 69.8 177.7 69.6 178.2 70.2 178.6 70.6 182.1 71 .8 182.3 72.9 183.1 73.5 182.8 75.0 184.1 74.6 184.7 74.8 185.4 74.4 185.8 75.0 186.8 6,716 6,722 6,771 6,774 6,812 6,791 6,853 6,872 6,909 6,911 6,916 6,930 6,958 7,018 7,025 1,5748 930.6 4,210.4 15,259 1,575.9 910.7 4,2355 14,525 1,5839 918.8 4,2686 14,344 1,585.1 920.7 4,268.4 14,324 1,5933 928 .0 4.2902 14,314 1,5909 924.0 4,276.5 14,321 1,6076 926.8 4,318.9 14,344 1,6098 924.7 4,337.3 14,365 1,622.9 924.3 4,362.2 14,396 1,625. 9 920.9 4,364.6 14,393 1,629 7 920.2 4,365.6 14,398 1,6355 921 .9 4,378.9 14,412 1,648.8 922.5 4,386.8 14,407 1,661 .6 928.4 4.427 5 14,406 1,665.1 930.9 4.428.8 14,397 10,766 9,483 10,200 8,970 10,048 8,874 10,044 8,868 10,035 8,869 10,038 8,882 10,058 8,889 10,085 8,924 10,123 8,946 10,128 8,955 10,141 8,955 10,162 8,986 10,150 8,979 10,150 8,985 10,141 8,979 Production workers ... Wood oroducts ... Nonmetallic mineral oroducts Primary metals ... Fabricated metal oroducts ... Machinery ... Comouter and electronic 6,529 554.9 516.0 509.4 1,5485 1,229.5 6,157 536.1 492.6 476.7 6,089 536.3 489.7 6,079 536.6 487.5 464.1 464.6 1.478.4 1,1535 1.468.1 1,142.5 1.471 .2 1,140.4 6,081 536.3 492.7 432.2 1.4718 1,138.7 6,088 538.4 490.5 462.2 1.476.6 1,141 .2 6,101 539.7 493.2 462.0 1.478.5 1,1 45.1 6,126 540.0 497.8 462.5 1.486.7 1,152.0 6,152 543.0 501.4 464.0 1.494.5 1,153.3 6,1 64 543.8 501.7 465.4 1.497.6 1.156 7 6,167 544.1 502.6 467.0 1,501 .3 1,160.4 6,195 545.9 501.6 465.4 1,504.7 1.1633 6,184 544.8 503.2 464.1 1,505.8 1.161 .7 6,188 549.7 503.0 464.5 1,5085 1,161.4 6,180 548.5 502.9 464.6 1,5075 1,162.0 oroducts' .. Comouter and oerioheral equipment. .. Communications equipment. . Semiconductors and electronic components ... Electronic instruments .. Electrical equipment and appliances ........ . Transportation equipment. .. Furniture and related products .. . Miscellaneous manufacturing 1,507.2 1,360.9 1,334.4 1,332.2 1,333.2 1,333.9 1,338.0 1,339.7 1,345.8 1,346.2 1,351 .9 1,353.0 1,350.7 1,348.6 1,344.6 250.0 185.8 225.7 157.0 219.1 154.4 217.8 153.0 219.4 154.8 219.0 154.8 218.6 155.0 218.1 155.1 218.8 155.9 217.7 157.1 217.2 158.2 217.9 158.5 217.1 158.1 215.6 158.0 214.4 158.6 524.5 450.0 461 .8 429.3 451.2 425.2 451 .3 425.3 450.2 423.7 451.4 423.3 452.1 426.8 453.4 427.5 455.8 430.1 458.0 429.8 460.7 432.4 460.2 433.0 459.4 433.1 457.2 435.4 455.2 434.1 496.5 1,828.9 459.9 1,775.4 450.9 1,766.5 451.2 1,762.7 449.8 1,760.6 448.6 1,766.5 446.8 1,769.1 446.5 1,768.8 447.3 1,764.4 448.6 1,765.1 449.2 1,745.9 449.6 1,774.4 449.1 1,771.7 447.3 1,774.3 447.8 1,772.3 604.1 688.3 573.5 662.8 568.9 652.7 569.3 651 .9 571 .3 652.0 571.2 653.0 573.4 653.0 576.5 653.0 577.6 654.4 575.0 654.6 576.7 655.5 574.6 653.6 573.8 653.7 573.7 654.0 574.1 654.6 Nondurable goods ................... 5,775 4,239 5,555 4,043 5,470 3,959 5,456 3,965 5,445 3,954 5,439 3,950 5,445 3,957 5,441 3,959 5,450 3,971 5,438 3,964 5,443 3,974 5,426 3,967 5,428 3,966 5,421 3,962 5,418 3,961 1,525.7 1,518.7 1,508.3 1,506.3 1,500.7 1,502.4 1,504.5 1,502.7 1,507.0 1,502.8 1,508.0 1,499.6 1,502.5 1,504.5 1,506.5 207.4 290.9 194.6 359.7 50.2 5466 200.6 260.3 179.8 312.7 45.2 519.0 198.3 245.1 175.2 297.7 44.1 511 .7 198.3 241.0 174.3 297.7 44.3 510.3 197.7 239.2 176.9 296.1 44.6 509.8 195.9 237.3 176.6 297.1 44.8 508.0 197.2 237.1 179.7 294.3 44.8 508.8 197.8 235.8 180.1 292.7 44.6 507.0 197.5 236.1 181.4 290.8 45.1 508.1 197.6 235.0 179.7 286.8 44.7 506.7 198.4 235.6 179.3 284.8 45.3 509.0 197.2 234.4 179.4 284.2 44.8 509.8 198.5 233.8 179.6 282.7 45.4 508.6 197.0 233.0 180.1 277.4 45.3 508.0 199.8 231 .2 180.0 273.5 45.8 505.7 706.6 118.1 927.5 680.0 114.6 7.9 673.1 112.0 897.6 670.1 112.4 895.9 667.6 114.3 893.7 665.0 112.9 894.7 664.4 113.1 894.9 663.6 112.6 896.4 665.9 113.1 895.0 667.0 113.8 895.2 663.8 113.6 894.2 662.2 114.1 891 .9 660.3 114.3 892.7 660.6 114.2 891 .3 660.3 114.2 890.3 Construction of buildinos ... Heavy and civil enoineerino ... Soecialitv trade contractors ... Man'utacturlng ............................ Production workers ... Durable goods ......................... Production workers ... Food manufacturing .. ............. Beverages and tobacco products .... Textile mills .. Textile product mills ... Apparel .. Leather and allied products.. . Paper and paper products ... Printing and related support activities .... Petroleum and coal products ... Chemicals .. ....... ..................... Plastics and rubber products .. 848.0 815.9 806.5 805.8 804.8 803.9 806.3 807.5 810.2 808.6 811 .2 808.8 809.5 809.2 811.1 SERVICE-PROVIDING .................. 107,784 108,114 108,341 108,367 108,498 108,593 108,852 109,132 109,268 109,367 109,437 109,602 109,702 109,956 110,092 PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING ........ .... ........ .. ... 86,271 86,538 86,797 86,823 86,971 87,054 87,299 87,560 87,724 87,839 87,865 87,973 88,050 88,281 88,405 25,497 5,652.3 3,007.9 2,015.0 25,275 5,605.0 2,949.2 2,002.1 25,261 5,592.7 2,943.9 1,989.2 25,211 5,598.4 2,945.8 1,991 .8 25,312 5,611 .4 2,954.9 1,993.7 25,331 5,612.2 2,953.8 1,994.5 25,415 5,623.5 2,963.4 1,995.3 25,448 5,632.5 2,967.5 1,996.3 25,477 5,636.7 2,969.7 1,997.2 25,497 5,639.5 2,975.6 1,994.3 25,499 5,649.6 2,986.0 1,994.3 25,516 5,652.8 2,989.6 1,992.5 25,522 5,662.8 2,992.3 1,996.6 25,562 5,670.4 2,995.6 2,000.2 25,580 5,678.4 2,996.2 2,002.5 629.4 654.3 659.6 660.8 662.8 663.9 664.8 668.7 669.8 669.6 671 .5 670.7 673.9 674.6 679.7 Trade, transportation, and utllltles .............................. Wholesale trade ....................... Durable goods .... Nondurable goods ... Electronic markets and agents and brokers .. ..... . Retail trade ............................... 15.025.1 14.9115 14,921 .7 14,876.0 14,944.8 14,963.0 15.0130 15,037.1 15,047.6 15,054.9 15,038.1 15,048 8 15.030.5 15,0556 15,064.5 Motor vehicles and parts dealers' ................... Automobile dealers ..... Furniture and home furnishings stores .... Electronics and appliance stores .... 1,879.4 1,252.8 1,883.5 1,255.1 1,892.9 1,258.9 1,893.7 1,259.5 1,895.4 1,261 .3 1,900.9 1,262.9 1,906.9 1,263.9 1,910.9 1,264.7 1,911.4 1,263.6 1,908.5 1,262.3 1,908.1 1,259.2 1,904.9 1,256.8 1,904.8 1,253.7 1,903.4 1,251 .6 1,907.3 1,254.7 538.7 542.9 544.8 547.2 546.4 544.5 544.8 544.5 545.7 546.3 546.4 548.7 548.7 880.0 550.8 525.3 511 .9 512.8 511 .9 509.3 508.2 511 .7 514.1 512.6 511.5 510.7 511 .6 512.6 517.8 519.8 See notes at end of table . 66 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 12. Continued-Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by Industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted [In thousands) Annual average Industry Building material and garden supply stores ..... .. ..... .. .... ... .. . Food and beverage stores ...... Health and personal care stores ... ........... ... ..... ... ...... Gasoline stations .... . ....... Clothing and clothing accessories stores ...... ...... Sporting goods, hobby, book, and rrusic stores ........ General merchandise stores1 . Department stores ..... ..... ... Miscellaneous store retailers .. Nonstore retailers .. .............. Transportation and warehousing .......................... Air transportation ..... ..... ..... .. Rail transportation ... ............. Water transportation ........... Truck transportation .. .... Transit and ground passenger transportation .. .. ... . ... .. .. . Pipeline transportation ....... .... Scenic and sightseeing transportation .. ... . ... ... Support activities for ... .. transportation ...... . Couriers and messengers .. storage and Warehousing Utilities .......... ... ......... .... .. ..... ..... Information .... ... ... ... .............. Publishing industries, except Internet .......... ....... ....... .. ... Motion picture and sound recording industries .... .. ..... . Broadcasting, except Internet.. Internet publishing and broadcasting ... Telecoornunications .. ..... .. ... ISPs, search portals, and data processing .. ... ............ . Other information services .. Financial activities . .... ........ .... Finance and insurance .... ..... .. . Monetary authoritiescentral bank .... .... .. ...... ... .... 2004 2003 2002 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Qct,P Nov.P 1,176.5 2,881 .6 1,191.1 2,840.9 1,210.0 2,821 .4 1,209.5 2,813.9 1,221 .4 2,826.3 1,231 .4 2,831 .3 1,243.5 2,838.9 1,247.3 2,839.9 1,248.7 2,845.3 1,245.8 2,839.7 1,246.9 2,834.5 1,251 .7 2,832.9 1,256.5 2,832.2 1,258.7 2,832.3 1,262.4 2,827.9 938.8 895.9 943.1 879.9 951 .6 875.2 952.6 871 .1 954.1 875..1 954.9 871 .8 958.2 873.0 957.9 872.4 957.1 871 .6 957.2 870.3 956.7 869.9 956.4 870.3 956.4 871.8 956.3 869.6 957.5 867.1 1,312.5 1,296.7 1,297.1 1,301.0 1,304.3 1,311 .3 1,321.8 1,328.0 1,335.5 1,346.5 1,349.0 1,355.2 1,349.9 1,353.0 1,354.8 661 .3 2,812.0 1,684.0 959.5 443.7 645.0 2,815.2 1,618.8 934.1 427.5 641.6 2,826.4 1,612.6 930.9 417.3 633.2 2,793.4 1,601.3 924.4 424.1 635.9 2,822.7 1,603.4 929.6 424.3 636.8 2,822.5 1,602.7 924.6 424.8 636.5 2,824.4 1,604.9 926.9 427.4 635.8 2,831.0 16.7 927.9 429.8 636.1 2,830.5 1,610.9 925.7 427.4 635.7 2837.4 1,614.9 928.4 427.6 635.5 2825.3 1,609.9 926.2 428.9 638.4 2823.8 1,607.9 927.1 427.8 635.0 2810.9 1,599.4 924.7 427.0 636.5 2822.8 1,609.3 927.7 427.5 636.3 2828.2 1,615.3 924.0 428.4 4,223.6 563.5 217.8 52.6 1,339.3 4,176.7 527.3 215.4 52.5 1,328.0 4,168.0 511 .5 215.5 50.9 1,335.7 4,157.0 512.9 215.5 50.0 1,338.7 4,175.9 510.2 215.4 50.6 1,343.6 4,175.8 511.6 215.7 48.8 1,344.1 4,197.0 512.9 216.0 49.2 1,346.4 4,196.5 513.3 216.3 50.6 1,352.2 4,209.9 514.7 216.4 51 .1 1,353.9 4220.9 513.8 217.3 51 .7 1,353.9 4228.3 512.4 217.8 51 .7 1,361 .9 4232.5 511.8 217.4 50.3 1,363.7 4246.0 510.0 217.9 50.1 1,363.8 4254.4 511.5 217.8 50.7 1,367.4 4256.0 510.0 217.1 50.2 1,366.7 380.8 41 .7 380.3 40.0 385.7 38.7 385.0 38.8 382.3 38.3 380.1 38.2 380.5 38.1 372.3 38.1 381 .5 38.3 374.6 38.4 374.2 38.5 374.5 38.5 380.2 38.6 362.7 38.4 383.6 38.3 25.6 28.0 28.7 29.4 28.7 29.7 31.4 31 .1 30.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 31 .6 31 .8 524.7 560.9 516.7 596.2 3,395 516.3 566.6 522.3 580.8 3,198 512.4 564.7 524.2 578.9 3,172 511 .6 559.0 516.1 579.3 3,175 514.1 566.9 525.8 580.2 3,163 515.5 567.7 524.4 580.0 3,169 518.5 572.1 531.9 581 .2 3,169 519.1 570.9 532.6 582.1 3,173 519.5 572.8 531 .1 582.3 3,177 520.8 578.2 534.0 581 .7 3,182 523.7 579.2 536.3 582.6 3,173 525.1 538.1 582.0 3,166 525.9 581.1 541.4 582.4 3,159 528.3 580.0 546.0 581 .5 3,163 531 .4 581 .3 545.6 580.8 3,164 964.1 926.4 918.4 917.4 914.0 915.1 915.3 916.3 916.2 916.6 914.7 914.3 913.8 913.2 914.0 387.9 334.1 376.1 327.0 382.7 327.0 385.2 329.5 379.7 329.7 382.7 331.8 381 .2 333.0 385.7 333.3 390.8 335.4 394.9 335.5 391 .0 336.4 388.7 336.6 389.4 337.3 395.0 338.4 388.7 338.9 33.7 1,186.5 30.0 1,082.6 30.4 1,062.2 30.4 1,061.2 30.8 1,061 .3 31 .9 1,058.2 31 .9 1,055.0 32.5 1,051.9 32.5 1,047.3 33.6 1,044.8 33.6 1,042.3 34.2 1,037.5 34.5 1,030.0 35.7 1,026.4 36.4 1,032.3 441 .0 47.3 407.5 48.1 400.1 47.8 7,981 5,917.1 401 .1 48.0 7,989 5,924.7 403.7 48.6 8,003 5,933.0 406.5 50.0 8,049 5,960.4 404.3 50.0 404.7 49.6 404.9 49.0 8,015 5,947.7 405.1 49.6 8,029 5,946.0 404.9 49.8 7,974 5,920.5 402.6 48.2 7,981 5,916.5 404.0 49.6 7,847 5,817.3 402.6 48.2 7,985 5,922.7 8,044 5,951.9 8,053 5,962.4 8,078 8,976.2 8,092 5,990.7 404.6 48.7 8,107 6,002.9 23.4 22.7 22.5 22.5 22.4 22.4 22.3 22.3 21.8 21.9 21 .8 21.8 21 .7 21 .5 21.3 2,686.0 2,785.6 2,790.3 2,783.3 2,785.3 2,787.2 2,793.8 2,802.1 2,800.8 2,809.9 2,804.1 2,807.3 2,818.3 2,824.6 2,838.0 1,733.0 1.278.1 1,752.1 1,281.1 1,758.1 1,280.5 1,757.1 1,278.9 1,758.7 1,280.4 1,762.6 1,283.5 1,762.8 1,284.1 1,765.0 1,285.0 1,765.2 1.284.2 1,768.8 1.285.9 1,766.9 1.2840 1,768.3 1,283.0 1,772.7 1,287.5 1,776.3 1,290.1 1,781 .5 1,295.0 789.4 764.4 769.1 771 .9 773.8 778.2 780.8 781 .0 782.8 787.2 787.8 791 .6 793.6 800.6 800.2 2,265.1 2,266.7 2,266.6 580.4 Credit intermediation and 1 related activities • .. • . .. .. . .... Deoositorv credit 1 intermediation ••. . ••••. . •• ... . Corrrnen::ial bankina.... ....... Securities, corrmodity contracts, investments ......... Insurance carriers and ...... related activities .. Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles .... ... ...... . Real estate and rental and leasing .......... .. . .. ... ...... Real estate ... . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. ... Rental and leasing services .. Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets .... ........... Professional and business services ..... ... .. .... ... .. ............ Professional and technical 1 . ...... services .. • . •• . • . Legal services .......... ........ Jlccounting and bookkeeping services .... ................ . .... Architectural and engineering services .... .. ....... ........ ..... 2,233.2 2,266.1 2,261 .2 2,258.1 2,255.8 2,257.4 2,257.1 2,259.5 2,262.7 2,263.8 2,260.2 2,263.9 77.6 78.0 77.8 77.5 77.3 76.8 85.4 81 .7 79.6 80.7 79.8 79.5 79.0 78.8 77.9 2,029.8 1,352.9 649.1 2,053.6 1,384.4 640.8 2,062.7 1,394.5 639.0 2,064.0 1,395.7 638.3 2,063.6 1,397.7 636.0 2,064.5 1,400.2 634.2 2,069.5 1,405.8 634.1 2,071 .6 1,409.2 633.2 2,083.1 1,418.7 635.4 2,088.1 1,418.8 640.5 2,092.0 1,422.1 641 .4 2,090.6 1,424.1 638.0 2,101.8 1,431.6 641 .9 2,101 .6 1,433.4 639.9 2,103.8 1,437.7 637.6 27.6 28.4 29.2 30.0 29.9 30.1 29.6 29.2 29.0 28.8 28.5 28.5 28.3 28.3 28.5 15,976 15,999 16,114 16,159 16,172 16,196 16,237 16,363 16,432 16,457 16,490 16,518 16,548 16,643 16,664 6,675.6 1,115.3 6,623.5 1,136.8 6,647.9 1,142.9 6,669.3 1,140.5 6,657.9 1,138.7 6,658.1 1,139.2 6,679.8 1,138.4 6,701 .4 1,141 .9 6,708.1 1,143.3 6,732.6 1,146.3 6,739.9 1,148.2 6,762.0 1,146.2 6,783.3 1,148.4 6,817.4 1,148.5 6,835.7 1,147.1 837.3 815.6 810.6 826.6 815.2 813.3 812.8 818.5 806.3 811.6 811 .9 815.3 815.7 826.3 830.3 1,264.4 1,269.3 1,275.1 1,284.3 1,291.3 1,246.1 1,228.0 1,233.9 1,235.2 1,230.9 1,240.0 1,246.4 1,254.1 1,258.3 1,261 .9 See notes at end of table. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 67 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 12. Continued-Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by Industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Annual average Industry Computer systems design and related services .... .. .. Management and technical consulting services .. Management of companies and enterprises .. ...... ..... . ..... Administrative and waste ..... services .... 2003 2004 2002 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Qct.P Nov.P 1,152.8 1,108.3 1,105.7 1,105.7 1,104.6 1,099.8 1,103.5 1,103.5 1,110.1 1,117.7 1,120.5 1,129.7 1,136.5 1,142.9 1,153.3 734.4 747.3 760.6 764.0 765.4 767.9 774.0 780.9 785.9 791.4 792.2 794.3 793.9 796.7 795.4 1,705.4 1,675.5 1,671 .6 1,670.2 1,675.1 1,675.6 1,676.6 1,679.7 1,683.3 1,684.5 1,685.9 1,682.5 1,679.1 1,678.2 1,679.3 7,595.2 7,698.3 7,794.5 7,819.2 7,838.5 7,862.4 7,880.1 7,982.3 8,040.1 8,040.0 8,064.3 8,073.0 8,085.4 8,147.2 8,148.7 7,822.1 Administrative and suooort 1 7,276.8 73,764.0 7,473.7 7,496.3 7,517.5 7,539.6 7,556.8 7,657.0 7,715.6 7,713.0 7,738.1 7,746.6 7,759.5 7,821.5 3,246.5 3,336.2 3,427.6 3,461 .3 3,473.8 3,493.8 3,492.3 3,553.7 3,591.5 3,573.4 3,606.8 3,607.8 3,633.6 3,692.9 3,696.5 2.193.7 756.6 2,243.2 747.4 2.319.4 746.7 2,355.3 745.1 2,344.3 739.0 2,370.4 739.8 2,380.3 746.0 2.423.8 748.6 2.451 .7 751.2 2,449.4 754.0 2.460.2 749.9 2,474.7 751 .5 2.501 .4 744.3 2.554.2 747.8 2 ,551 .7 748.8 1.606.1 1.631 .7 1.639.4 1,635.9 1,637.1 1,639.5 1,646.2 1,674.5 1,686.0 1,694.1 1.691 .5 1,691 .6 1,691 .7 1,688.3 1,686.2 318.3 321 .9 320.8 322.9 321 322.8 323.3 325.3 324.5 327 326.2 326.4 325.9 325.7 326.6 16,199 2,642.8 16,577 2,688.5 16,705 2,723.1 16,731 2,728.0 16,746 2,729.3 16,764 2,727.4 16,813 2,736.0 16,854 2,740.8 16,871 2,731.1 16,897 2,727.4 16,901 2,731.2 16,965 2,746.4 16,980 2,749.6 17,049 2,773.0 17,086 2,775.9 13,555.7 13,888.0 13,981 .5 14,003.2 14,017.1 14,036.8 14,077.1 14,113.1 14,140.1 14,169.8 14,169.3 14,218.3 14,230.0 14275.6 14309.8 4,633.2 1,967.8 413.0 679.8 4,776.0 2,003.8 423.1 727.1 4,818.7 2,023.3 426.4 735.7 4,831 .0 2,030.0 425.0 739.9 4,840.3 2,032.3 427.8 740.2 4,855.3 2,034.4 431 .1 741 .5 4,868.0 2,043.5 430.3 743.8 4,883.6 2,046.1 432.2 748.4 4,896.8 2,049.6 435.1 751.7 4,909.6 2,053.9 436.0 754.2 4,920.8 2,057.5 437.6 756.8 4,935.1 2,062.1 438.0 760.1 4,938.4 2,068.1 436.9 761.5 4,964.6 2,078.6 437.7 766.2 4,978.1 2,083.6 438.3 773.5 4,159.6 4,252.5 4,278.1 4,283.9 4,287.8 4,284.1 4,298.0 4,305.1 4,315.4 4,318.3 4,322.0 4,330.5 4,332.1 4,337.5 4,346.7 2,743.3 2,784.3 2,792.8 2,793.0 2,792.1 2,791.1 2,798.4 2,802.8 2,806.3 2,809.0 2,812.0 2,814.0 2,820.3 2,820.5 2,826.3 1,573.2 2,019.7 1,582.8 2,075.2 1.584.1 2,091.9 1.581 .7 2,095.3 1.580.3 2,096.9 1.578.7 2,106.3 1,582.1 2,112.7 1,584.0 2,121 .6 1,5853 2,121 .6 1,586.5 2,132.9 1.586.7 2,114.5 1,586.3 2,138.7 1.587.1 2,139.2 1,587.1 2,153.0 1,591.4 2,158.7 744.1 760.5 12,128 766.3 12,178 770 12,192 766.3 12,218 772.2 12,229 773.7 12,271 777.6 12,303 777.1 12,331 786 12,339 752.1 12,344 792.7 12,341 783.3 12,353 789.9 12,362 792.4 12,387 1,801 .0 1,799.4 1,795.2 1,801.4 1,796.7 1,798.7 1,791 .1 1,793.1 1,792.0 1,791 .9 1,785.6 1,793.8 1,787.6 1,783.4 370.2 371 .7 368.8 369.4 366.5 364.6 361.4 358.8 359.3 357.1 356.0 360.3 361 .0 359.8 114.1 113.3 113.1 113.4 113.7 114.2 114.6 115.6 116.1 116.6 116.7 116.2 115.7 115.6 1,319.9 1,315.1 1,318.7 1,316.6 1,318.2 1,312.9 1,317.3 1,310.9 1,308.0 10,742.0 10,511 .8 105,837.9 10,603.9 services . ... ..... .. . . ... 1 Employment services .. . Temoorarv helo services ... &Jsiness suooort services ... Services to buildinos and dwellinas .......... Waste management and remediation services .... ... Educational and health services .... ...... ...... . ... ........ Educational services .. Health care and social assistance. ..... ...... .. ...... .. .. Ambulatorv health care 1 services .... .... ............... .. Offices of physicians ......... Outpatient care centers .. Home health care services .. Hospitals .... ·· ···· Nursino and residential r.;,irpf;,ir.ililiP.c: 1 Nursino care facilities .. 1 Social assistance ........... Child day care services .. . Leisure and hospitality ........... 11 ,986 Arts, entertainment, and recreation .... ........ ... 1,782.6 Performing arts and spectator sports .. 363.7 Museums, historical sites, 114.0 zoos, and parl<s ....... .......... Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........ ........ 1,305.0 Jlccommodations and 10,203.2 food services ... Jlccommodations .. .. Food services and drinking places .......... . ....... ......... Other services ........................ Repair and maintenance .. Personal and laundry services Membership associations and organizations ..... .............. Government. ............................... Federal ..... ................ ...... . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service .................. ...... ........ U.S. Postal Service . . . . . . . . .. . . State ................... ................. Education ...... Other State government... Local .... ................... ...... ..... Education ..... Other local government... 1 1,316.6 1,314.4 1,313.3 1,318.6 1,316.5 10,324.4 10,378.9 10,396.3 10,416.5 10,432.3 10,546.7 10,551 .7 10,555.6 10,559.3 10,574.0 1,778.6 1,765.2 1,751.7 1,763.0 1,752.1 1,754.4 1,753.4 1,758.5 1,758.5 1,764.7 1,764.4 1,767.9 1,771.4 1,769.2 1,786.7 8,424.6 5,372 1,246.9 1,257.2 8,559.2 5,393 1,236.2 1,258.2 8,627.2 5,382 1,234.4 1,254.1 8,633.3 5,374 1,228.5 1,250.2 8,664.4 5,379 1,233.5 1,251.2 8,677.9 5,376 1,230.5 1,247.6 8,718.6 5,391 1,239.4 1,255.9 8,753.3 5,404 1,238.2 1,260.5 8,779.4 5,407 1,237.7 1,265.5 8,782.0 5,418 1,235.1 1,268.4 8,787.7 5,414 1,236.3 1,262.1 8,787.7 5,414 1,235.2 1,259.9 8,787.9 5,410 1,235.2 1,255.7 8,804.8 5,410 1,226.6 1,252.9 8,817.2 5,417 1,236.4 1,255.6 2,867.8 2,898.0 2,893.9 2,895.7 2,894.5 2,898.3 2,895.2 2,904.8 2,903.7 2,914.9 2,915.9 2,919.1 2,918.8 2,920.3 2,924.5 21 ,513 2,767 21,575 2,756 21,544 2,723 21,544 2,720 21,527 2,715 21 ,539 2,716 21,553 2,710 21,572 2,727 21,544 2,712 21,528 2,716 21,572 2,710 21,629 2,712 21,652 2,713 21,675 2,706 21 ,687 2,713 1,923.8 842.4 5,029 2,242.8 2,786.3 13,718 7,654.4 6,063.2 1,947.0 809.1 5,017 2,266.4 2,750.7 13,802 7,699.1 6,104.0 1,924.9 798.1 5,023 2,282.5 2,740.0 13,798 7,684.5 6,113.1 1,928.9 791.4 5,027 2,285.7 2,740.9 13,797 7,687.1 6,109.7 1,921 .5 793.1 5,007 2,268.0 2,738.9 13,805 7,692.2 6,112.7 1,923.8 791.7 5,018 2,279.6 2,738.4 13,805 7,694.3 6,110.8 1,921 .1 789.1 5,023 2,283.2 2,739.7 13,820 7,704.7 6,114.8 1,939.5 787.3 5,019 2,278.3 2,740.6 13,826 7,710.9 6,115.4 1,925.7 786.5 5,004 2,261.4 2,742.8 13,828 7,710.2 6,117.9 1,930.5 785.4 5,004 2,257.8 2,746.1 13,808 7,695.1 6,113.3 1,922.5 787.2 5,019 2,271 .1 2,747.8 13,843 7,715.7 6,116.8 1,926.3 785.3 5,035 2,285.2 2,749.4 13,882 7,758.4 6,123.2 1,927.6 784.9 5,047 2,299.7 2,747.5 13,892 7,760.4 6,131 .6 1,923.6 781 .9 5,058 2,307.0 2,751 .1 13,911 7,774.9 6,136.3 1,930.4 782.3 5,066 2,311.4 2,754.5 13,908 7,779.9 6,128.1 Includes other industries not shown separately. Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. p = preliminary. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data. See "Notes on the NOTE Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American industry data" for a description of the most recent benchmark revision. 68 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 1 13. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted Industry TOTAL PRIVATE .. ........................... Annual average 2002 33.9 GOODS-PRODUCING .......................... 39.9 2003 33.7 39.8 2004 2003 Nov. 33.8 Dec. 33.6 Jan. 33.8 Feb. 33.8 Mar. 33.8 Apr. 33.7 40.1 39.9 40.2 40.3 40.2 40.0 May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.P Nov.P 33.8 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7 40.1 40.0 39.9 40.3 40.0 40.1 40.1 Natural resources and mining ........... . 43.2 43 .6 43 .9 43.6 44.5 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.2 43.9 44.1 44.4 44.6 44.8 44.9 Construction ... ............................. .. .. 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.1 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.2 38.3 38.1 38.4 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.4 Manufacturing ................ ... ................. Overtime hours .. ... 40.5 4.2 40.4 4.2 40.8 4.5 40.6 4.5 41 .0 4.5 41 .0 4.6 40.9 4.6 40.7 4.5 41 .1 4.6 40.8 4.6 40.9 4.6 40.9 4.6 40.8 4.6 40.6 4.5 40.5 4.5 Durable goods ................................ Overtime hours .. ..... .. .. .... .. ..... .. Wood products ....... ........................... Nonmetallic mineral products ... Primary metals ....... ........... ............... Fabricated metal products .. Machinery .. Computer and electronic products .. Electrical equipment and appliances .. Transportation equipment ......... ........ . Furniture and related products .. Miscellaneous manufacturing .. ..... 40.8 4.2 39.9 42.0 42.4 40.6 40.5 39.7 40.1 42.5 39.2 38.6 40.8 4.3 40.4 42.2 42.3 40.7 40.8 40.4 40 .6 41 .9 38 .9 38.4 41.3 4.7 41 .2 42.4 42 .7 40.9 41 .1 40.7 40.8 42.7 39.9 38.9 41.2 4.7 41.0 42 .3 42.7 40.8 41.1 40.4 40.7 42.7 39.7 38.5 41 .5 4.7 40.9 42.5 43.1 41.2 41 .8 40.8 41 .1 42 .8 39.7 39.0 41 .5 4.8 41.1 42 .5 43.0 41.2 41.8 41 .2 40.7 42 .9 39.4 38.7 41.4 4.8 41 .0 42.9 43.2 41 .1 41 .7 40.7 40.8 42.8 39.6 38.7 41.2 4.7 41.0 42.3 43.1 41.0 41 .6 40.5 40.8 42.4 39.5 38.3 41 .6 4.8 41 .4 42.0 43.4 41 .3 42.3 40.8 41 .6 42.8 40 .0 38 .9 41 .2 4.7 40.5 41 .8 43.5 41.0 42.0 40.5 40 .8 42 .3 39.7 38.4 41 .3 4.7 40.7 42.1 43.3 41 .2 42 .0 40 .9 40.8 42.4 39.4 38 .5 41.3 4.7 40.9 42.3 43.3 41 .2 42.1 40.5 41 .0 42.5 39.5 38.5 41 .2 4.7 40.3 42.4 43.1 41 .2 42 .3 40.3 40.5 42.4 39.3 38.3 41 .1 4.7 40.2 42 .4 43.1 41 .0 42.2 40.2 40.4 42.4 39.1 38.3 41 .0 4.6 40.0 42.4 43.1 40.8 42.2 39.9 40.1 42 .2 39.4 38.2 Nondurable goods .... ...... ....... ........... Overtime hours ... .... .. . .... .. .. ... .. Food manufacturing .. .... ............ ...... Beverage and tobacco products .. Textile mills .. Textile product mills ........ .... ....... Apparel. .. ... ... .... ....... ... Leather and allied products ........ . ... . Paper and paper products . ... ......... Printing and related support activities ........ ···· ·············· Petroleum and coal products ... . .. Chemicals ..... .... ........... Plastics and rubber products .. 40.1 4.2 39.6 39.4 40.6 39.2 36.7 37.5 41 .8 39 .8 4.1 39.3 39.1 39.1 39 .6 35.6 39.3 42.1 40.1 4.3 39.2 39.9 40.0 40 .0 36.2 39.3 41 .. 9 39.9 4.2 39.1 39.1 39.7 39 .8 35.8 40.3 41.8 40.2 4.3 39.5 39.6 40.0 39.4 35 .7 39.8 41 .9 40.3 4.3 39.4 40.3 40.0 39.9 36.2 39.5 42.0 40.1 4.3 39.3 39.4 40.2 38.8 36.3 40.3 4.4 39.6 39.2 40.3 38 .8 36.1 38.4 42.6 40.1 4.4 39.4 38.7 40.3 38.9 35.9 40.1 4.4 39.3 39.2 40.5 38.5 36.1 40.2 4.4 39.3 39.5 40.5 38.7 36.1 38.0 42.0 37.2 42.4 37.8 42.5 40.1 4.4 39.4 39.1 40.1 39.0 36.2 38.1 42 .1 39.8 4.3 38.9 38.5 40.1 39.0 36.0 38.3 42.2 39.7 4.3 38.9 38.5 40.0 38 .8 35.9 39.4 41 .8 40.0 4.3 39.1 39.6 39.5 38 .3 35.9 39.1 41 .9 38.4 43.0 42 .3 40.6 38.2 44.5 42.4 40.4 38.4 45.6 42 .7 40.7 38.2 44.2 42 .5 40.4 38 .6 43.8 42 .9 40.8 38.6 44 .1 43.2 40.9 38.4 43.7 43.0 40.9 38.4 43.9 43.0 40.7 38 .6 45.0 42 .9 40.9 38 .5 45.0 42 .6 40 .8 38 .6 45.0 42.8 40.5 38.5 463 42.8 40.5 38.3 45.8 42 .8 40.2 38.2 44 .9 42 .6 40.0 38 .3 45.4 42 .3 39.6 32 .5 32 .4 32 .4 32 .2 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32 .4 32 .3 32 .4 32.4 32 .5 32.5 32.4 33.6 38.0 33.6 38.0 30.9 33.7 38.0 33.5 37.8 30 .9 37 .2 41 .0 36.3 35.5 30.7 36.9 41.2 36.3 35.6 30.7 37 .3 41 .3 36.4 35.8 41 .1 36.5 35.5 33.4 37.8 30.6 37 .1 41 .0 36.4 35.6 37.2 40.9 36.4 35.5 33.6 37.8 30.8 37.4 41 .4 36.4 35.5 33.6 37.7 31 .0 36.9 40.8 36 .2 35.7 33.3 37 .6 30.5 36.9 33 .5 37.6 30.7 37 0 41.4 36.3 35.5 33 .6 38 .0 30.8 36 .9 41 .2 36 .3 35.5 33.5 38.0 36.9 41.1 36.2 35.5 33.5 37.8 30.8 36.7 33.6 37.9 30.9 36.8 40.9 36.5 35.6 33.5 37.8 30.9 30.8 37.4 40.7 36.4 35.7 33.5 37.6 30.7 37.3 40.5 36.4 35.6 34.2 32.4 34.1 32 .3 25.8 32.0 25.6 31.4 34.1 32.4 25.7 31 .2 34.1 32 .4 25.7 31 .1 34.2 32.4 25.8 31.1 34.1 32 .4 25.7 31.1 34 .2 32 .5 25.7 31 .2 33.9 32 .5 25 .7 31 .0 34.2 32.6 25.6 31.1 34.2 32 .5 25.6 31 .1 34.5 32.6 25.6 31.1 34.3 32.6 25.7 31 .0 34.2 32 .5 25.7 31 .0 38 .1 42.0 PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING ... ....... ... ..... .............. .. Trade, transportation, and utilities ........... .. ......... ......................... Wholesale trade .. ........... .... ........... Retail trade . . . .. ...... . . . . . .. . ' .. . .... .. .. Transportation and warehousing .. Utilities .... .............. ... .... ....... Information .................... ............. .. ... Financial activities ............................ 40.8 36.2 35.3 Professional and business services ......................................... Education and health services .... ....... Leisure and hospitality ...................... Other services ...................................... 33.8 32 .4 25.6 31.0 ' Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manu- 34.1 32.4 25.7 31.2 NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American facturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupeNisory workers in the Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard industrial Classification seNice-providing industries. (SIC) system. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data. See "Notes on the data" for a description of the most recent benchmark revision . p = preliminary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 69 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 14. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted Annual average Industry 2003 2004 2002 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.P Nov.P $14.95 8.24 $15.35 8.27 $15.46 8.23 $15.45 8.30 $15.49 8.27 $15.52 8.27 $15.55 8.24 $15.59 8.25 $15.63 8.21 $15.66 8.20 $15.71 8.23 $15.76 8.26 $15.78 $15.82 8.22 $15.84 8.22 TOTAL PRIVATE Current dollars ......................... Constant (1982) dollars .............. 8.25 GOODS-PRODUCING ............................. 16.33 16.80 16.94 16.97 17.00 17.06 17.08 17.13 17.13 17.16 17.19 17.24 17.30 17.33 17.35 Natural resources and mining ............. Construction ......................................... 17.19 17.58 18.95 17.79 19.06 15.89 17.91 17.95 19.11 15.94 15.11 16.63 14.85 18.01 19.18 15.99 15.14 16.68 14.89 18.10 19.17 16.01 18.10 19.20 16.08 15.23 16.75 15.02 18.24 19.19 16.13 15.27 16.78 15.08 18.15 19.22 16.16 15.30 16.81 15.12 18.12 19.25 16.23 15.37 16.90 15.15 18.11 19.27 16.29 14.93 18.08 19.20 16.08 15.24 16.75 15.00 15.19 18.19 19.33 16.29 15.43 16.99 15.16 18.32 19.34 16.30 15.44 17.00 15.18 15.41 15.43 14.77 Excluding overtime .. ............ ............ Durable goods ............................... Nondurable goods .......................... 18.52 15.29 14.54 16.02 14.15 15.74 14.96 15.46 14.63 15.06 16.58 14.79 19.04 15.93 15.09 16.64 14.81 PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING .................... .................... 14.56 14.96 15.06 15.05 15.08 15.10 15.13 15.17 15.23 15.26 15.31 15.36 15.38 Trade,transportatlon, and utllltles ................................ .. ...... Wholesale trade .................................. 14.02 16.98 14.34 17.36 14.41 17.46 14.45 14.49 17.54 Retail trade ......................................... Transportation and warehousing ....... Utilities ...... ........ ...... ..... ...... .... ...... Information ............................................ Flnanclal activities ......... ....................... 11.67 15.76 23.96 20.20 16.17 11 .90 16.25 24.76 21 .01 17.13 14.44 17.47 11 .97 16.35 25.36 21.10 17.30 14.57 17.60 12.01 16.71 25.67 21 .15 17.35 14.61 17.63 12.06 16.75 25.46 21 .42 14.65 17.67 12.10 16.82 25.44 21 .30 17.49 17.50 14.70 17.71 12.12 16.89 25.57 21 .45 17.55 14.73 17.70 12.16 16.99 25.54 21 .53 17.58 14.74 17.74 12.17 16.91 25.13 20.99 17.30 11 .98 16.52 25.35 21 .24 17.32 14.50 17.54 11.99 16.53 25.38 21.25 25.73 21 .61 17.61 21 .60 17.68 14.79 17.81 12.22 16.97 25.85 21.58 17.65 Professlonal and business services ............................................... 16.81 17.20 17.29 17.25 17.24 15.21 8.58 13.72 15.64 8.76 13.84 15.77 15.81 8.84 13.80 15.87 8.85 13.84 Manufacturing....................................... Education and health services ............................................... Leisure and hospitality ........................ Other services ....................................... 8.82 13.81 11 .95 16.33 17.53 11 .95 16.46 25 .32 15.16 16.69 15.42 16.98 17.80 12.17 16.97 25.95 17.41 21 .29 17.46 17.25 17.27 17.29 17.36 17.42 17.44 17.56 17.52 17.59 17.62 15.90 8.86 13.84 15.96 8.87 13.87 15.99 8.86 13.84 16.06 8.86 13.85 16.12 8.85 13.88 16.18 8.87 13.90 16.19 8.91 13.92 16.23 8.95 13.95 16.24 8.99 16.27 9.02 14.02 13.99 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS service-providing industries. based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data. See "Notes on the data· for a description of the most recent benchmark revision. p = preliminary. 70 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 1 15. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry Annual average Industry 2002 2003 2004 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.P Nov.P TOTAL PRIVATE ... ................ ........ Seasonally adjusted .. ......... ..... .. $14.95 $15.35 15.18 15.47 $15.52 15.43 $15 .48 15.45 $15.56 15.49 $15.60 15.52 $15.55 15.55 $15.59 15.59 $15.63 15.63 $15.57 15.66 $15.59 15.71 $15.67 15.76 $15.80 15.78 $15.83 15.82 $15.86 15.84 GOODS-PRODUCING ............................. 16.33 16.8 16.98 17.03 16.94 16.95 17.00 17.09 17.10 17.14 17.18 17.28 17.41 17.39 17.38 Natural resources and mining .......... . 17.19 17.58 17.15 17.97 18.00 18.05 18.17 18.14 18.06 18.18 18.07 18.01 18.04 18.14 18.32 Construction ....................................... 18.52 18.95 19.08 19.19 19.01 19.07 19.07 19.15 19.15 19.12 19.25 19.33 19.42 19.47 19.37 Manufacturing .......................... ....... 15.29 15.74 15.92 16.05 15.98 15.99 16.01 16.07 16.05 16.09 16.04 16.17 16.36 16.27 16.33 Durable goods .... . .... ....... ...... ... .. .. Wood products .............................. .. Nonmetallic mineral products .. .. ..... Primary metals ............................ ..... Fabricated metal products ............. .. Machinery ......................... ......... Computer and electronic products . Electrical equipment and appliances Transportation equipment .. ......... .. ... Furniture and related products ....... .. Miscellaneous manufacturing .... .. .... 16.02 12.33 15.40 17.68 14.68 15.92 16.20 13.98 20.64 12.61 12.91 16.46 12.71 15.77 18.13 15.01 16.30 16.68 14.35 21 .25 12.98 13.30 16.64 12.95 15.99 18.32 15.06 16.49 16.78 14.54 21 .48 13.08 13.53 16.78 12.93 15.98 18.39 15.23 16.62 16.85 14.68 21 .74 13.08 13.60 16.66 12.90 16.03 18.39 15.20 16.53 16.81 14.50 21 .38 12.95 13.68 16.68 12.91 16.00 18.36 15.18 16.50 16.92 14.58 21 .37 12.92 13.75 16.69 12.93 16.02 18.33 15.25 16.49 16.93 14.68 21 .34 12.96 13.78 16.72 13.00 16.19 18.52 15.21 16.53 17.01 14.80 21.36 13.09 13.70 16.71 13.03 16.18 18.48 15.20 16.53 17.11 14.83 21 .29 13.04 13.76 16.75 12.98 16.24 18.51 15.23 16.56 17.21 14.88 21.36 13.10 13.81 16.61 13.03 16.38 18.66 15.26 16.68 17.29 14.88 20.77 13.11 13.89 16.85 13.01 16.29 18.58 15.27 16.72 17.37 14.98 21 .54 13.27 13.87 17.08 13.13 16.52 18.89 15.42 16.85 17.47 15.03 21 .96 13.39 13.96 16.99 13.02 16.38 18.74 15.37 16.83 17.51 15.00 21 .84 13.26 13.91 17.05 13.09 16.50 18.69 15.44 16.80 17.60 15.02 21 .95 13.29 13.97 Nondurable goods ...... .. .. .. . ........... Food manufacturing .... .. ..... Beverages and tobacco products .... 14.15 12.55 17.73 14.63 12.80 17.96 14.80 12.91 18.64 14.88 12.95 18.58 14.89 12.91 18.88 14.88 12.87 18.76 14.90 12.89 19.13 15.01 12.96 19.60 14.98 12.94 19.55 15.03 13.00 19.39 15.14 13.05 19.29 15.09 12.99 19.10 15.24 13.08 19.20 15.12 12.93 19.20 15.17 12.97 18.84 Textile mills ············ ·· ·· ··· ···· ··· · .... ..... Textile product mills . .. ... ....... ... ... .. Apparel ..... ..................... .. ............... Leather and allied products ........... Paper and paper products .. .. ........ Printing and related support activitie: Petroleum and coal products ....... .. Chemicals .................. ........ . .. ... Plastics and rubber products . 11.73 10.96 9.10 11 .00 16.85 14.93 23.04 17.97 13.55 12.00 11 .24 9.56 11.67 17.32 15.37 23.64 18.52 14.18 12.08 11.35 9.71 11.87 17.58 15.48 24.00 18.77 14.27 12.21 11 .44 9.80 11 .90 17.60 15.56 24.06 18.79 14.47 12.11 11 .45 9.74 11.94 17.63 15.53 24.13 18.83 14.43 12.13 11 .40 9.58 11.76 17.55 15.57 24.32 18.85 14.45 12.09 11 .37 9.60 11.64 17.59 15.61 24.82 18.87 14.45 12.23 11.33 9.71 11 .65 17.84 15.54 24.48 19.02 14.58 12.08 11 .30 9.55 11.49 17.88 15.51 24.41 19.05 14.55 12.15 11 .29 9.60 11 .59 17.86 15.54 24.24 19.20 14.59 12.07 11 .48 9.74 11 .68 17.91 15.71 24.35 19.36 14.69 12.08 11 .46 9.73 11.68 17.84 15.86 24.07 19.29 14.66 12.26 11.51 9.93 11 .56 18.16 15.94 24.47 19.49 14.75 12.12 11.44 9.97 11.57 17.87 15.94 24.35 19.47 14.55 12.12 11 .44 10.02 11 .53 18.10 15.90 24.78 19.47 14.60 PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING ..... ............................... 14.56 14.96 15.13 15.07 15.19 15.24 15.16 15.20 15.24 15.14 15.17 15.24 15.37 15.41 15.46 14.02 16.98 11.67 15.76 23.96 14.34 17.36 11 .90 16.25 24 .76 14.44 17.56 11.92 16.40 25.50 14.31 17.46 11 .87 16.33 25.26 14.50 17.56 11.98 16.46 25.38 14.58 17.60 12.04 16.58 25.29 14.53 17.47 12.03 16.51 25.36 14.64 17.60 12.08 16.73 25.69 14.64 17.67 12.08 16.72 25 .53 14.61 17.58 12.09 16.80 25.33 14.62 17.66 12.07 16.86 25.43 14.66 17.69 12.09 16.98 25.33 14.78 17.72 12.23 16.91 25.87 14.78 17.77 12.18 16.98 26.00 14.77 17.81 12.18 17.00 25.99 20.20 21 .01 21 .28 21 .10 21 .21 21 .28 21 .17 21 .24 21.41 21.18 21.30 21.44 21 .73 21 .69 21 .71 16.17 17.13 17.42 17.26 17.35 17.47 17.37 17.45 17.62 17.38 17.44 17.58 17.60 17.67 17.62 16.81 17.20 17.41 17.29 17.38 17.47 17.28 17.26 17.45 17.28 17.31 17.46 17.43 17.50 17.59 16.28 Trade, transportation, and utilities .. ... .... ....... .. ............ ................. Wholesale trade ...... ...... ...... .... ...... Retail trade ..... ..................... Transportation and warehousing ...... Utilities ............................ ............ Financial activities ............................. Professional and business services .... .... .. .... .. ... .... ... .. ... ... ... .. . Education and health services .... ..... .. ....... ... .... ..... ... .. .... 15.21 15.64 15.79 15.86 15.94 15.95 15.94 15.99 16.00 16.06 16.18 16.16 16.25 16.25 Leisure and hospitality .......... .... ...... 8.58 8.76 8.83 8.94 8.89 8.92 8.89 8.84 8.85 8.78 8.78 8.80 8.94 9.01 9.06 Other services .... ....... ..... ................... 13.72 13.84 13.85 13.88 13.89 13.90 13.85 13.87 13.90 13.82 13.78 13.84 13.97 13.97 14.04 1 Data relate to . production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with sic-based data. See 'Notes on the data' for a description of the most recent benchmark revision. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 71 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 16. Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry Annual average Industry 2002 TOTAL PRIVATE .......... ...... .... $506.07 Seasonally adjusted ... GOODS-PRODUCING .... ............ Natural resources and mining .. .... ... . Construction ................ ....... .. . Manufacturing .......... ... ......... .. Durable goods .. .... .. ... .. .... Wood products ················· .. .... . Nonmetallic mineral products ... Primary metals .. . .. .. Fabricated metal products. ..... Machinery ..... ........ .... Computer and electronic products .. ..... Electrical equipment and appliances .. ............................. Transportation equipment.. Furniture and related products ...... . ... ..... . ... .. Miscellaneous manufacturing ... .... ........ . Nondurable goods ..... ............ Food manufacturing ...... ... ....... Beverages and tobaoco products ......... .......... ...... ...... Textile mills ............. .. ......... Textile product mills .. .. .. .. Apparel .... ... ... ...... .... Leather and allied products ..... Paper and paper products ....... Printing and related support activities .. ........ Petroleum and coal products .. . .. .. ... .. . .. Chemicals ................... .. .... Plastics and rubber products ... . . . . . . . . ... . . - 651 .61 2003 2004 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Qct,P Nov.P $517.36 - $527.68 522.55 $520.13 519.12 $518.15 523.56 $527.28 524.58 $520.93 525.59 $522.27 525.38 $531.42 528.29 $524.71 526.18 $528.50 531 .00 $535.91 531 .11 $530.88 533.36 $535.05 534.72 $534.48 533.81 669.23 684.29 682.90 674.21 674.61 681 .70 678.47 690.84 689.03 687.20 698.11 691 .18 699.08 696.94 741 .97 766.83 784.55 781 .70 784.80 786.98 797.66 794.53 798.25 809.01 802.31 806.85 797.37 821 .74 831 .73 711 .82 727.11 730.76 714.34 712.88 711.31 732.29 721.96 741 .11 738.03 754.60 755.80 730.19 755.44 739.93 666.26 618.75 636.07 655.90 662.87 650.39 652.39 653.21 652.44 659.66 659.69 646.41 661 .35 664.22 662.19 652.97 671 .53 692.22 703.08 688.06 688.88 690.97 687.19 695.14 695.13 674.37 695.91 698.57 699.99 702.46 492.00 646.91 749.32 596.38 645.55 513.92 665.11 767.63 610.33 664.79 537.43 681 .17 785.93 621 .98 682.69 531.42 669.56 799.97 635.09 696.38 517.29 663.64 796.29 626.24 689.30 521 .56 664.00 787.64 623.90 691 .35 524.96 680.85 790.02 625.25 690.93 530.40 684.84 800.06 620.27 987.65 544.65 684.41 803.88 627.76 700.87 533.48 690.20 808.89 627.48 698.83 531 .62 694.51 791 .18 621 .08 692.22 538.61 700.47 798.94 627.60 697.22 521 .26 710.36 808.49 627.59 699.28 526.01 701 .06 803.95 633.24 706.86 526.22 702.90 809.28 634.58 710.64 642.87 674.68 693.01 695.91 680.81 695.41 690.74 683.80 694.67 698.73 696.79 700.01 700.55 705.65 709.28 560.24 877.87 582.68 890.32 601 .96 925.79 616.56 950.04 594.50 915.06 591 .95 916.77 596.01 917.62 599.40 905.66 613.96 915.47 611 .57 912.07 599.66 841 .19 611 .18 911 .14 601 .20 928.91 612.00 928.20 609.81 930.68 510.23 505.17 510.62 517.06 517.69 521 .38 515.22 529.47 519.53 515.81 524.96 49401 505.23 523.20 528.43 499.13 510.69 530.38 533.12 532.15 533.50 534.66 524.71 535.26 530.30 527.82 534.00 529.08 534.14 536.45 566.84 582.65 600.88 602.64 594.11 595.20 596.00 595.90 602.20 604.21 602.57 606.62 611 .12 604.80 608.32 496.91 502.61 515.11 514.12 504.78 49936 498.84 497.66 511.13 512.20 512.87 514.40 521 .89 508.15 513.61 698.39 476.52 429.01 333.66 412.99 705.62 702.75 469.47 445.08 340.22 458.26 719.21 751.19 485.62 456.27 356.36 465.30 743.63 722.76 490.84 464.46 352.80 485.52 751 .52 728.77 485.61 447.70 343.82 471 .63 738.70 737.27 486.41 450.30 345.84 464.52 731 .84 744.16 490.85 441 .16 350.40 731 .74 780.08 484.31 435.07 347.76 460.18 745.71 774.18 486.82 436.18 346.67 441 .22 756.32 760.09 490.86 444.83 348.48 442.74 748.33 760.03 481 .59 435.09 348.69 422.82 750.43 762.09 489.24 443.50 353.20 441 .50 754.63 764.16 489.17 445.44 352.52 430.03 771 .80 735.36 482.38 448.45 357.92 445.45 755.90 727.22 486.01 446.16 361 .72 440.45 767.44 573.05 587.42 603.72 602.17 593.25 597.89 600.99 593.63 594.03 593.63 600.12 610.61 612.10 613.69 616.92 990.88 759.53 1,052.97 784.56 1,099.20 808.99 1,061 .05 806.09 1,068.96 804.04 1,074.94 816.21 1,079.67 811.41 1,062.43 814.06 1,091 .13 815.34 1,095.65 819.84 1,120.73 832.22 1,098.19 827.48 1,132.45 829.42 549.85 572.23 586.50 596.16 585.86 588.12 589.56 594.86 595.10 599.65 583.19 589.33 590.00 583.46 582.54 PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING ................................ 472.88 484.00 493.24 485.25 484.56 496.82 486.64 487.92 496.82 489.02 493.03 501 .40 496.45 499.28 499.36 491.84 Trade, transportation, and utilities .......... ............... . Wholesale trade .. . Retail trade ...... .. ... . ...... .... 464.44 1,120.10 1,097.59 816.99 823.68 471 .27 481 .10 486.63 480.82 477.05 488.43 482.40 486.05 493 .. 37 489.44 494.46 498.44 496.61 495.13 644.38 657.12 676.06 659.99 656.74 670.56 658.62 665.28 674.99 661.01 665.78 672.22 666.27 668.15 669.66 360.81 367.28 365.94 367.97 361 .80 368.42 365.71 367.23 372.06 372.37 376.58 378.42 377.91 373.93 370.27 635.05 637.50 Transportation and warehousing ........ ...... .... 579.75 597.79 615.00 602.58 597.50 613.46 604.27 610.65 627.00 621 .60 627.19 641 .84 630.74 979.09 1,016.94 1,068.45 1,028.08 1,032.97 1,039.42 1,039.76 1,053.29 1,054.39 1,046.13 1,032.46 1,030.93 1,073.61 Information ............................ 738.17 761 .13 783.10 761 .71 763.56 776.72 760.00 764.64 777.18 775.19 773.19 788.99 788.80 789.52 792.42 Financial activities ........ ... ... .. .. 575.51 608.87 628.86 607.55 612.10 630.67 611.42 615.99 637.84 613.51 617.38 634.64 619.52 627.29 625.51 Professional and business services ................. 574.66 586.68 597.16 582.67 583.97 602.72 587.52 588.57 603.77 587.52 590.27 604.12 592.62 598.50 599.82 528.13 528.13 529.10 Utilities ... .... 1 .. .... .. ··· ··· ·· 1,066.00 1,060.39 Education and health services ...................... 492.74 505.76 516.33 512.28 514.86 519.97 513.27 516.48 521.60 520.34 527.47 530.05 Leisure and hospitality ..... .. ..... 221 .26 224.35 226.05 225.29 221 .36 230.14 225.80 224.81 229.22 227.40 230.91 234.08 226.18 230.66 230.12 Other services ..... ... ................ 439.76 434.49 434.89 430.28 429.20 433.68 428.73 428.58 435.07 428.42 429.94 434.58 431 .67 433.07 433.84 Data relate to production wor1<ers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Oassifification (SIC) construction wor1<ers in construction, and nonsupervisory wor1<ers in the service- system. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data. See "Notes on providing industries. the data" for a description of the most recent benchmar1< revision. NOTE: Dash indicates data not available. p = preliminary. Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American Monthly Labor Review 72 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 17. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted [In percent] Timespan and year Feb. Jan. Mar. Apr. May June Aug. July Sept. Nov. Oct. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries Over 1-month span : 2000 ......... 2001 2002 .. 2003. 2004 .. . . ... ... ...... . ... . . Over 3-month span : 2000 2001 .. 2002 .. 2003 .. 2004 .. . Over 6-month span : 2000 .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 2001 .. 2002 . 2003 ... 2004 ... Over 12-month span : 2000 2001 2002 ......... ... .... ... .... 2003. 2004 ........... 56.8 36.7 38.7 51 .1 53.2 35.3 37.1 45.5 59.7 52 .9 30.8 59.0 32 .2 34.7 40.5 67.1 55.0 33.1 36 .5 59 .7 31 .5 35.3 42.6 60.6 54 .0 31 .1 33.3 41.7 70.3 39.9 30.0 37.6 65.3 65 .6 37.8 29.5 62 .1 37.4 66 .4 63 .8 37.1 32.9 33.1 68.5 59.5 34 .4 41.5 41.4 67.6 46.9 41.4 41.7 42.8 63.8 61.7 39.2 47.8 63.1 37.1 44.1 52.5 38.8 44.1 51 .5 38.3 42.8 52 .3 63.3 50.4 41 .0 38.1 68.7 40.1 60.6 40.5 55.2 39.7 56.3 49 .3 56.8 69.2 52 .7 34.0 66.2 50.4 37.4 67.8 50.4 35.1 68.3 43.5 36.2 60.1 38 .8 36 .7 58.1 34.9 56 .3 36.2 56.5 34 .7 39.9 36.5 54.0 32.6 55.2 36.3 62.8 35.1 70.0 40.5 74.5 39.4 42.6 61 .5 37.9 40.8 67 .3 51 .8 75 .2 51 .8 31.1 72 .5 47.3 29.5 69.1 50.0 30.0 31 .1 67.4 43.5 31.7 33.6 48.9 31 .1 54.1 31 .7 59.6 31 .7 64.7 70.9 59.5 33.6 34 .5 69.2 59.5 31 .7 31 .5 73.2 53.4 30.2 32.9 47.3 71.0 49.3 30.4 33.5 50.7 37 al 43.2 1 37.4 64.6 35.4 67.8 41 .5 37.1 66.7 38.1 37.2 60.8 35.4 39.0 33.5 67.8 37.8 71 .2 36.2 68.3 36.5 71 .6 69.8 48.6 30.2 71 .0 45.0 29.1 70.0 43.3 32 .0 70.3 43.9 36.2 54 .9 34.4 60.3 34.7 64.0 33.1 63 .8 68.7 57.2 31 .3 53.8 34.9 34.5 49.1 53.4 32 .4 39.0 46.0 58.8 62.9 47.8 35.1 35.1 56.1 61 .9 52 .2 40.1 41 .2 38 .7 40.1 60.6 39.4 63 .5 51 .8 34.4 50.5 58.5 56 .8 32.0 34.7 51.1 34.9 34.7 35.4 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries Over 1-month span: ............ ...... ... 2000 2001 2002 .. 2003 .. 2004 ... Over 3-month span : 2000 ... 2001 .. .. 2002. 2003 2004 ... 48.2 22.6 58.3 22 .0 50.0 21.4 50.0 16.1 41 .1 57.1 23.2 60.7 13.7 28.6 14.3 25.0 19.0 35.1 17.9 39.9 14.9 41 .1 15.5 21 .4 26.2 42 .9 18.5 15.5 55.4 23.8 22 .6 60.1 35.1 13.7 66.1 29.8 26.2 64 .9 32.7 25.0 54 .2 40 .5 28 .0 57.1 28.0 26.2 31 .0 27.4 44.0 15.5 51 .2 47.6 17.9 45 .8 48 .2 11 .9 28 .6 44 .6 53 .6 35.7 9.5 13.7 48.8 53.6 21 .4 10.1 54.8 14.3 17.9 10.1 66.1 44.0 13.1 17.3 13.1 71.4 44.0 13.7 51.2 11.9 47 .6 8.9 19.0 14.9 65.5 28.0 16.1 65.5 22.0 16.1 51 .8 32 .7 8.3 23.8 16.1 53.0 25 .0 13.1 15.5 24.4 45 .2 23.2 8.9 6.5 27.4 47.6 38 .7 10.1 13.1 51 .8 56.0 16.1 11.3 16.7 59.5 44 .0 22 .0 6.5 11 .3 28.6 52.4 23.8 8.9 9.5 36.9 55.4 22 .0 7.7 6.0 46.4 57.7 20.8 8.3 7.1 56 .5 47. 6 14.3 7. 7 8.9 61 .3 51 .8 13.7 14.3 56.0 14.3 14.9 452 10.1 10.7 13.1 64.9 8.9 66.7 13.1 66.1 39.3 10.7 12.5 13.1 58.3 34 .5 5.4 10.1 16.7 54 .8 32.1 7.1 8.9 19.0 48.8 27.4 4.8 8.9 19.6 41.7 29.8 7.1 10.7 9.5 39.3 32 .1 6.0 6.0 19.0 47.0 20.8 6.0 6.5 16.7 50.0 19.0 6.5 5.4 26.2 46.4 13.1 7.1 8.3 29.8 52 .4 12.5 3.6 51 .8 10.7 4.8 49.4 11.9 6.0 33.3 9.5 50.0 9.5 50.6 40.5 10.1 7.1 11.9 55.4 35.1 9.5 40.5 46.4 11 .9 4.8 10.7 52.4 8.3 4 .8 9.5 57.1 6.0 8.3 11 .3 10.1 4.8 41 .7 Over 6-month span : 2000 2001 .. 2002 .. 2003 .. 2004 .. Over 12-month span: 2000 .. . 2001 ... .... .... ... ... .. ................ ............. ................ .. 2002 2003. ............ ... ... ... 2004 .. ........... ....... .. NOTE : Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. See the ' Definitions ' in th is section. See ' Notes on the data' for a description of the most recent benchmark revision . Data for the two most recent Monthly Labor Review months are preliminary. January 2005 73 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 18. Job openings levels and rates by Industry and region, seasonally adjusted 1 Levels (In thousands) Industry and region Rates 2004 May Tota1 2 ..... .... .......................................... June July 2004 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.P May July June Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.P 3,105 3,022 3,237 3,195 3,294 3,420 3,204 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 Total private 2 ............................. , ....... 2,746 2,640 2,894 2,859 2,934 3,042 2,867 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 Construction ... ..... .... .... .. ... .... ......... 108 94 88 121 113 114 108 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 Manufacturing ................................ 244 247 240 234 251 263 236 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....... Professional and business services .... 521 503 567 551 591 630 551 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.1 530 494 583 594 564 614 595 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4 Education and health services ........... 542 496 537 536 543 550 540 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 Leisure and hospitality ..................... 391 421 435 410 425 405 385 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 Government ................................. ...... 360 380 343 337 350 403 335 1.6 1..7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 Industry Region' Northeast .... ...... ..... ............. ........ 526 546 545 540 562 606 523 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 South .... ......... ....... .. .... ........ .......... 1,164 1,164 1,280 1,259 1,245 1,385 1,214 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.5 Midwest ...................... .......... ........ 688 631 635 613 699 711 713 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 West. ......... . .. . . . . ' . . . .... ................. 765 677 738 771 790 756 750 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan , Minnesota. Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona. California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah. Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities , and other services, not shown separately. Washington, Wyoming. Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day 01 the month ; the job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day 01 the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, P 3 = preliminary. 19. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 1 Levels (In thousands) Industry and region Rates 2004 May Tota1 2 ................................ ........... ........ June July Aug. 2004 Sept. Oct. Nov.P May June July Aug Sept. Oct. Nov.P 4,206 4,433 4,229 4,375 4,253 4,469 4,821 Total private 2 ............. ......... ··········· ··· Construction .. ......... ..... .. ....... ........ 3,938 4,110 3,930 4,058 3,906 4,149 4,521 3.6 3.7 3.6 406 436 368 401 388 361 388 5.9 6.3 5.3 Manufacturing ... ............................. 336 370 352 356 379 333 389 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....... Professional and business services .. .. 938 945 957 984 864 976 1,088 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.3 631 692 621 690 689 783 843 3.8 4.2 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.7 5.1 Education and health services ........... Leisure and hospitality ..................... 451 428 418 470 401 411 453 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.7 739 749 760 760 782 769 805 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.5 Government. ..... .......... .. ...... ..... ......... 272 328 310 322 337 321 310 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.1 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.5 2.6 2.3 2.7 Industry Reglon 3 Northeast. ................. ........... ......... South .............. ....... . ............... 708 703 720 763 745 755 812 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 1,606 1,709 1,640 1,643 1,635 1,694 1,805 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 Midwest ....... .... .......... ....... ...... .... 956 1,009 935 945 942 1,054 1,149 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.7 West .. .. ....... .... ....... .. .. . . ' .. . .. . ... . 951 1,023 685 1,018 942 928 994 3.3 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.5 1 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 2 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 3 Northeast: Connecticut, Maine. Massachusetts, New Hampshire , New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia; 74 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 Midwest : Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan , Minnesota, Missouri , Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin ; West : Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. NOTE: The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month; the hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = oreliminarv. 20. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 1 Rates Levels (in thousands) 2004 2004 Industry and region June May Totai2. . ..... ...... ............. ....... ....... .. ..... Aug. July Nov.P Oct Sept. Nov.P Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 4,040 4,069 4,074 4,134 4,158 4,129 4,098 3.1 Total private 2 •• ........ .. .... ...... ............ 3,761 3,789 3,793 3,894 3,856 3,877 3,843 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Construction .. ........ ........ ....... .... .. 367 382 364 391 350 423 358 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.0 6.0 5.1 Manufacturing · · · ··· ·· ······"··········· ·· Trade, transportation, and utilities ....... 377 343 367 379 381 338 307 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 917 927 972 951 909 922 930 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 Professional and business services ... . 556 607 613 575 590 580 721 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.3 Education and health services ....... .. .. 379 362 363 380 384 373 403 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 Leisure and hospitality ... ............. 696 734 694 760 756 747 732 5.6 5.9 5.6 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. ....... ... 268 270 273 246 306 260 255 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 Industry Reglon 3 648 704 674 717 730 670 716 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 South ... ..... .... .. ..... .......... . ... ....... .. 1,504 1,533 1,545 1,527 1,506 1,568 1,549 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 Midwest. .... ····· ·· · ···· ··· ··• .. ........ West ..... .. .... .. ... ·········· ··· ......... .. ... 833 853 935 831 931 948 1,028 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.3 1,008 979 945 1,087 978 914 800 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.2 2.8 Northeast .............. .. .. ... ......... ..... 1 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment 2 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other Kansas, Michigan , Minnesota, Missouri, Nebrask, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washingtor Wyoming. services, not shown separately. 3 Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin; West : Alaska, Arizona, Californi, of the various series. Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, NOTE: The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entir month; the total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entir month as a percent of total employment. North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia; P = preliminary. 21. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 1 Rates Levels (in thousands) Industry and region 2004 2004 May Totai2 . ..... .... . .. .. ....... . .............. ........ ... June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 2,173 2,284 2,265 2,252 2,248 2,283 2,363 June May Nov.P July 1.7 1.7 1.7 Aug. 1.7 Sept. Nov.P Oct 1.7 1.8 1.7 Industry .. . . ............. .. .. 2,026 2,162 2,141 2,140 2,118 2,147 2,269 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 Construction .. . ··········· · ........... .. ... Manufacturing .. .. . ....... ......... .. ...... 144 156 101 147 138 161 152 2.1 2.3 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.8 171 171 174 165 183 172 176 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 Trade, transportation, and utilities .... ... 525 536 559 552 536 515 559 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 Professional and business services ... . 259 322 322 308 325 296 374 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.7 Education and health services ..... .... . 223 225 271 239 240 242 250 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 Leisure and hospitality . . . .. ... ..... . .... 455 480 442 476 439 476 488 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 129 123 126 116 130 122 106 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 Northeast ... ........... ... ..... ............ 318 334 338 339 325 316 353 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 South ................. ... .. ....... ... .. ....... ... 857 910 901 897 903 910 955 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 .. 479 485 505 447 472 510 558 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.5 West ................ ... .. .... ... ...... ..... .... .. 521 573 519 566 546 539 483 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 Iowa, Kansas, Total private 2 . . ... .. .. ... . Government ..... ... .. ....... ···· ·· ·· ·· ··· Reglon Midwest .. . . . . . 1 3 . ... ... ... ... ... .. .. ... .... . Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment 2 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities , and other Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont; South : Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi , North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia; https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington , Wyoming. services, not shown separately. 3 Midwest: Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin ; West: Alaska, Arizona, of the various series. NOTE: The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month; the quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = preliminary. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 75 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 22. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages: 10 largest counties, fourth quarter 2003. County by NAICS supersector United States 3 Private industry . Natural resources and mining ..... . Construction ............................. ........ . Manufacturing .... . Trade. transportation, and utilities ..... . Information ........... .. Financial activities ........................... .. Professional and business services . Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services Government ... Average weekly wage 1 Employment December 2003 (thousands) Percent change, December 2002-03 2 Fourth quarter 2003 Percent change, fourth quarter 2002-03 2 8 ,314.1 8 ,048.7 123.7 804.9 376.8 1,853.6 145.2 767.0 1,329.4 732.2 669.9 1,080.6 265.3 129,341.5 108,215.1 1,557.8 6 ,689.5 14,307.8 25,957.3 3,165.9 7 ,874 .7 16,113.2 15,974.0 12,042.8 4,274 .1 21 ,126.3 0.0 .0 .1 1.2 -4.2 ·.3 ·4.0 1.2 .6 2 .1 1.7 ·. 1 ·. 2 $767 769 703 837 943 665 1,139 1,138 945 731 335 494 757 3.6 3 .9 4.9 2.3 6.7 3 .4 3.9 5 .9 3 .8 3 .8 3.4 3.1 Los Angeles , CA .. Private industry Natural resources and mining Construction ... .. .... .... .. ... .. .. .. .. . .. .................. . Manufacturing .. Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... . Information ......................................................................... . Financial activities .............................. .. ..... ... ....................... . Professional and business services ........ ....... ..................... . Education and health services ................................... . Leisure and hospitality ........... ......... ................... . Other services Government 356.0 352.2 .6 12.9 17.8 53.9 9.2 23.0 40.1 26.6 25.6 142.1 3 .8 4 ,075.3 3,486.3 11 .0 133.9 485.2 794.6 194.9 237.9 575.0 456.5 375.9 220.7 589.0 ·.5 ·.2 .7 ·1.1 ·7.1 ·1.2 ·2.0 .9 1.6 1.9 5 .6 3 .5 ·2.3 903 898 955 883 900 735 1,627 1,258 1,043 820 766 422 930 4.2 4.2 16.9 1.7 6.5 2.7 5.2 7.0 3.7 3 .9 6.5 5.0 3.3 Cook, IL . Private industry Natural resources and mining Construction ......................... .. Manufacturing ........... . Trade, transportation, and utilities Information .. Financial activities .. . .. .................................. . Professional and business services .................................... . Education and health services Leisure and hospitality . Other services Government . 126.7 125.5 .1 10.5 7.9 26.7 2.5 13.8 26.1 12.3 10.5 12.6 1.2 2,539.8 2,221 .9 1.3 96.7 265.7 499.4 66.1 219.4 405.5 350.8 217 .7 95.1 317.9 ·1.2 ·.9 ·3.6 .0 ·5.1 · .8 ·4.1 ·.8 ·1.3 1.0 2.8 ·2 .0 ·3.1 922 929 1,037 1,169 975 753 1,164 1,471 1,206 791 375 655 871 3 .0 3 .2 3 .2 ·.8 6.3 .4 .1 8 .1 4 .1 3.7 ·.3 3.0 .9 New York, NY . Private industry Natural resources and min ing Construction . Manufacturing ........................ . Trade, transportation, and utilities ..... Information ........... Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality .. Other services . Government 111 .9 111 .7 .0 2.2 3 .5 22.1 4.3 16.7 22 .6 7.8 10.1 16.0 .2 2 ,253.6 1,800.4 .1 30.0 46.6 247.6 130.6 352.0 439.7 273.8 188.2 82 .9 453.2 ·1.0 ·.6 .0 · 4.5 ·4.9 ·1 .2 ·5.1 ·2.0 .5 -1.1 · 2.2 1,480 1,623 1,197 1,567 1,290 1,164 1,751 3,034 1,702 918 787 871 912 7.2 8 .1 ·6 .5 3.4 6.4 5.5 7.9 16.1 2.6 7.6 6 .1 6 .1 .1 Harris, TX Private industry ... Natural resources and mining . Construction ............ . Manufacturing . Trade, transportation, and uti lities ... Information Financial activities .... Professional and business services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality . Other services Government 89.4 89.0 1.2 6 .3 4 .7 21.1 1.4 9.7 17.0 8 .8 6.5 10.3 .4 1,841 .5 1,595.2 62 .5 135.5 164.0 403 .2 33.8 113.1 279.0 188.3 155.2 56 .3 246.3 ·.9 ·1 .2 8 .7 ·5.0 ·4.9 ·2.1 -3.9 1.7 ·1 .7 1.5 .7 ·3.1 1.1 906 929 2,185 919 1,106 821 1,098 1,181 1,073 812 335 539 759 2.1 2.1 ·.9 2.6 2.3 1.0 4.9 3 .2 1.8 · .9 .4 3 .1 Maricopa, AZ. .. Private industry Natural resources and mining . .. .................. . Construction ................................................. ............ . Manufacturing ................. ............ .......... .. ........... .. Trade, transportation, and utilities ... Information ......... . Financial activities . Professional and business services .... .... .. ... ....... .. . Education and health services Leisure and hospitality . Other services .. ....... .... .... .. Government 80.9 80.5 .5 8.4 3.3 18.6 1.6 9.5 18.1 7.6 5.6 5 .7 .5 1,621 .2 1,401 .8 9.8 131.7 128.0 336.4 36.6 133.3 261 .5 160.5 155.8 44.7 219.4 (4) 2.2 ·2.6 5 .9 ·2.5 1.5 ·4.1 1.5 4 .2 5.6 .8 ·2 .6 1.6 757 755 545 779 1,050 712 872 933 776 842 364 500 766 4.0 3 .9 4.4 2.1 8 .2 3 .2 .5 3 .7 3 .5 5.0 2.8 2.2 3.7 See footnotes at end of table. 76 Establlshments, fourth quarter 2003 (thousands) Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 2.4 .4 2.4 .4 22. Continued-Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages: 10 largest counties, fourth quarter 2003. County by NAICS supersector Establishments, fourth quarter 2003 (thousands) Average weekly wage 1 Employment December 2003 (thousands) Percent change, December 2002-03 2 Percent change, fourth quarter 2002-03 2 Fourth quarter 2003 Dallas, TX ................................ . Private industry . Natural resources and mining Construction ........ ....................... .... ............ ........ ... ....... . Manufacturing ........... ............... .. ............... ......... ... Trade, transportation , and utilities .... .. .................... ............ .. .. .... .. .................... . Information .. . Financial activities .. .. .. ................................ .. Professional and business services .......... .. Education and health services .. Leisure and hospitality .. . . Other services ...... Government ...... 68.6 68.2 .5 4.5 3.5 15.8 1.9 8.6 14.0 6.3 5.2 6.7 .4 1,450.8 1,294.6 6.8 73.0 144.9 326.1 64.0 140.0 237.7 131.4 127.5 40.5 156.2 -1.4 -1.4 -20.5 -2 .2 -3.1 -3.3 -5.1 1.2 .0 2.4 .0 -3.4 -1.8 $952 970 2,680 909 1,075 898 1,272 1,215 1,152 887 432 587 800 4.3 4.8 22 .7 5.5 6.8 5.2 8.7 2.9 4.2 2.7 4.3 2.8 -.1 Orange, CA Private industry Natural resources and mining ...... . Construction ............ ............... . Manufacturing .. ..... ... ....................... .. Trade, transportation, and utilities .. .. ........ ..... .. ......... . Information ..................... .. .............. . Financial activities ............ .. ............ .. Professional and business services . Education and health services Leisure and hospitality .. Other services .......... . Government .. 88.8 87.4 .3 6.4 6.1 17.3 1.5 9.7 17.4 9.1 6.6 12.9 1.4 1,436.6 1,305.5 6.1 85.5 179.9 278.8 33.8 127.8 261 .0 126.6 159.9 46.0 131 .1 1.3 2.1 8.3 4.4 -3.0 .6 -4.4 9.9 1.0 6.1 2.5 6.3 -5.7 874 875 579 969 1,036 802 1,152 1,354 942 849 358 518 859 5.3 5.2 .2 5.9 11 .4 2.7 5.3 6.2 2.8 3.7 3.8 3.0 6.0 San Diego, CA . Private industry Natural resources and mining .... . Construction ... .. ................................ .. . Manufacturing .......................................... .. .. ........ .......... .. .. . Trade, transportation, and utilities .. Information .......... .. .... ... ..... ...... Financial activities .. Professional and business services .. . Education and health services .................. .. Leisure and hospitality .. Other services .. Government 85.3 83.9 .9 6.4 3.6 14.2 1.4 8.8 14.9 7.6 6.5 19.5 1.3 1,278.2 1,060.2 11 .0 81.1 105.4 220.4 36.7 81 .6 208.1 122.6 141.5 51 .6 218.0 1.3 1.5 -5.4 4.7 -4.2 2.2 -4.5 4.8 1.5 1.6 3.5 1.8 .1 815 809 491 869 1,129 655 1,582 1,058 989 778 346 449 843 2.6 2.5 1.0 .7 11 .5 .9 -2.0 .4 2.8 5.7 2.4 2.7 2.9 King, WA ..... Private industry Natural resources and mining .. .. .. .. .... .. .............. . Construction .. .... .. Manufacturing ..................................... .. Trade, transportation, and utilities ..... .. .. .. Information .............................................. . Financial activities ............ . Professional and business services . .. ......................... ... .. Education and health services .... Leisure and hospitality .. .. Other services ..... ........... .. .............................. . Government 81 .6 81 .0 .4 6.2 2.7 14.8 1.5 6.1 11.7 5.9 5.4 26.4 .6 1,100.6 945.5 2.8 53.4 101 .9 225.5 69.2 77.5 158.3 108.3 100.5 48.1 155.1 .2 .1 -11 .3 -.4 -8.2 1.1 .8 2.4 .7 1.5 2.9 1.2 1.0 935 944 1,109 921 1,176 804 1,829 1,114 1,160 746 390 463 882 .2 -. 3 .8 1.4 -2 .1 2.6 -15.7 3.5 8.4 4.8 3.7 .4 3.6 Miami-Dade, FL . .. .. ............. .. Private industry .. Natural resources and mining .. Construction ......... .... ........ ... ..... ......................... ... ........ ...... . Manufacturing ........................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities ........ .. .............. .. Information .................. . .. ..................... . Financial activities .......... Professional and business services ............. .. Education and health services Leisure and hospitality .......... . Other services . Government .. .... ......... .......... .. 80.2 79.9 .5 4.9 2.8 23.2 1.7 8.2 15.9 7.8 5.3 7.5 .3 980.8 827.5 9.9 40.7 49.4 247.2 28.5 65.5 132.0 123.4 92.8 34.5 153.3 -.5 -.7 -1 .8 .3 -9.8 -1 .7 -3.2 .7 -.2 1.4 2.1 -1 .8 .5 765 742 421 788 695 689 990 1,062 948 748 432 450 886 3.5 3.6 4.0 2.7 5.8 4.2 1.7 -1 .1 5.2 2.3 9.9 3.0 2.8 1 Average weekly wages were calculated using unrounded data. 2 Percent changes were computed from quarterly employment and pay data adjusted for noneconomic county reclassifications. See Notes on Current Labor Statistics. 3 Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Virgin Islands. 4 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE)· programs. Data are preliminary. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 77 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 23. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages: by State, fourth quarter 2003. Establishments, fourth quarter State 2003 (thousands) December 2003 Percent change, December Fourth quarter Percent change, fourth quarter (thousands) 2002-03 2003 2002-03 United States2 .•.........•.... ........... ........ 8,314.1 129,341 .5 0.0 $767 3.6 Alabama .......................................... .. Alaska ............................................. .. Arizona ............................................ .. Arkansas ........................ .. ............... .. California .......................................... . Colorado ........................................... Connecticut ...................................... . Delaware .......................................... . District of Columbia .......................... . Florida ............................. .. ............... . 111 .8 20.0 126.9 75.2 1,190.8 160.0 109.1 27.1 30.0 504.1 1,838.1 282.7 2,352.1 1,133.6 14,922.3 2,134.6 1,648.9 408.4 654.8 7,424.5 -. 1 1.1 2.2 .5 .0 -1 .1 -.7 .5 -.4 .8 657 746 710 587 869 784 992 825 1,238 685 4.0 1.1 3.8 4.1 3.8 2.0 3.8 5.0 3.9 3.8 Georgia .......................... .................. . Hawaii .............................................. . Idaho ................................................ . Illinois .... .. ........................................ .. Indiana ............................................ .. Iowa ................................................. . Kansas ............................................ .. Kentucky ......................................... .. Louisiana .............. ............ ................ . Maine .......................... ..................... . 245.6 37.4 48.5 325.7 152.1 90.6 82.2 105.7 114.0 47.4 3,845.6 583.0 577.5 5,738.7 2,852.2 1,418.5 1,298.3 1,740.6 1,870.9 595.8 .2 1.3 .6 -1 .2 -. 3 .0 -.9 .3 .5 .7 734 678 579 827 675 626 631 645 628 631 2.8 3.7 1.8 3.2 3.5 4.7 2.8 3.5 2.4 4.6 Maryland ................ .......................... . Massachusetts ................................. . Michigan ........................................... . Minnesota ........................................ . Mississippi ........................................ . Missouri ........................ .. .................. . Montana .......................................... .. Nebraska ........................... ............... . Nevada ....................... ...................... . New Hampshire .. .. .......................... .. 150.4 206.6 251 .3 159.0 65.6 165.4 42.0 55.3 60.3 47.0 2,466.4 3,154.6 4,365.8 2,591 .9 1,108.1 2,633.6 396.6 884.4 1,111 .2 614.9 .7 -1 .9 -1.1 -. 5 .4 -. 7 1.1 .6 4.4 .6 831 954 806 777 559 676 549 613 721 788 3.6 5.2 3.9 3.2 3.7 2.4 4.0 3.2 5.1 4.0 NewJersey ...................................... . New Mexico .................................... .. New York ................................ .. ...... .. North Carolina .................................. . North Dakota .................................... . Ohio ................................................ .. Oklahoma ........................................ .. Oregon ........ .................................... .. Pennsylvania ................................... .. Rhode Island ................ .................... . 268.1 50.4 550.3 227.8 24.0 294 .2 91 .6 118.8 326.9 34.7 3,912.8 757.1 8,379.2 3,759.6 317.6 5,322.4 1,423.4 1,579.8 5,524.5 480.5 .1 1.4 -.4 -. 1 .9 -.7 -1.3 .2 -.2 1.2 945 612 959 679 563 713 597 694 750 738 3.4 4.1 5.2 4.5 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.3 4.7 5.1 South Carolina ................................ .. South Dakota .................................. .. Tennessee ....................................... . Texas .............................................. .. Utah ................................................ .. Vermont ......... .. ................... ............ .. Virginia ................................ ............ .. Washington ........... .......................... .. West Virginia .................................... . Wisconsin ......................................... . 108.4 28.1 128.4 505.3 73.9 24.1 202 .6 222.7 47.2 157.6 1,781 .0 365.4 2,648.0 9,300.1 1,066.2 300.7 3,477.5 2,654.7 685.2 2,715.4 .3 .3 .4 -.3 1.2 .3 1.2 1.0 .1 .0 623 559 689 754 630 661 786 759 587 683 3.1 4.1 4.2 3.1 2.3 5.1 5.2 1.3 2.1 4.1 Wyoming .......................... ... ............. . 22.0 241 .6 1.7 616 4.1 Puerto Rico ...................................... . Virgin Islands .................................. .. 50.2 3.2 1,074.1 42 .5 3.5 -.2 450 629 4.7 2.4 1 Average weekly wages were calculated using unrounded data. 2 Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands. 78 Average weekly wage 1 Employment Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 NOTE: Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. Data are preliminary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 24. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by ownership Average establlshments Year Average annual employment Total annual wages (In thousands) Average annual wage per employee Average weekly wage Total covered (UI and UCFE) 1993 .... 1994 . ······················· .. ..... ................ 1995 . 1996 .... ....................................... ..... 1997 .. ... ... ... ...... ... .............................. 1998 ..... ............................................. 1999 . ....................................... ......... 2000 2001 2002 6,679,934 6,826,677 7,040,677 7,189,168 7,369,473 7,634,018 7,820,860 7,879,116 7,984,529 8,101,872 109,422,571 112,611 ,287 115,487,841 117,963,132 121 ,044,432 124, 183,549 127,042,282 129,877,063 129,635,800 128,233,919 $2,884,472,282 3,033,676,678 3,215,921,236 3,414,514,808 3,674,031 ,718 3,967,072 ,423 4,235,579,204 4,587,708,584 4,695,225,123 4,714,374,741 $26,361 26,939 27,846 28,946 30,353 31,945 33,340 35,323 36,219 36,764 $507 518 536 557 584 614 641 679 697 707 $26,055 26,633 27 ,567 28,658 30,058 31,676 33,094 35,077 35,943 36,428 $501 512 530 551 578 609 636 675 691 701 $25,934 26,496 27,441 28,582 30,064 31,762 33,244 35,337 36,157 36,539 $499 510 528 550 578 611 639 680 695 703 $28,643 29,518 30,497 31 ,397 32,521 33,605 34,681 36,296 37,814 39,212 $551 568 586 604 625 646 667 698 727 754 $26,095 26 ,717 27,552 28,320 29,134 30,251 31,234 32,387 33,521 34,605 $502 514 530 545 560 582 601 623 645 665 $36,940 38,038 38,523 40,414 42,732 43,688 44,287 46,228 48 ,940 52,050 $710 731 741 777 822 840 852 889 941 1,001 UI covered 1993 .. .. . .. . .. .. ... . .. .. 1994 . 1995 . 1996 ... 1997 1998 .... 1999 2000 2001 2002 . ....................... ········· ············· 6,632,221 6,778,300 6,990,594 7,137,644 7,317,363 7,586,767 7,771 ,198 7,828,861 7,933,536 8,051,117 106,351,431 109,588,189 112,539,795 115,081 ,246 118,233,942 121,400,660 124,255,714 127,005,574 126,883,182 125,475,293 $2,771,023,411 2,918,684,128 3,102,353,355 3,298,045,286 3,553,933,885 3,845,494 ,089 4,112,169,533 4,454,966,824 4,560,511,280 4,570,787,218 Private Industry covered .................................. 1993 .. 1994 . 1995 1996 .................... 1997 .. .................... 1998 ... 1999 . 2000 2001 .... 2002 ·· ········ ·· ·· ····· ·· ·· 6,454,381 6,596,158 6,803,454 6,946,858 7,121 ,182 7,381,518 7,560,567 7,622 ,274 7,724,965 7,839,903 91 ,202,971 94,146,344 96,894,844 99,268,446 102,175,161 105,082,368 107,619,457 110,015,333 109,304,802 107,577 ,281 $2 ,365,301 ,493 2,494,458,555 2,658,927,216 2,837,334,217 3,071,807,287 3,337,621,699 3,577,738,557 3,887,626,769 3,952,152 ,155 3,930,767,025 State government covered 1993 .... ...................... 1994 .. ................ ...... ..... .... ........... 1995 1996 ············· .... ........................ 1997 1998 .. ·············· .. ···· 1999 .. ......................... 2000 2001 .. .... ........ .. ........ 2002 59,185 60,686 60,763 62 ,146 65,352 67,347 70,538 65,096 64,583 64,447 4,088,075 4,162,944 4,201,836 4,191,726 4,214,451 4,240,779 4,296,673 4,370,160 4,452 ,237 4,485,071 $117,095,062 122,879,977 128,143,491 131,605,800 137,057,432 142,512,445 149,011,194 158,618,365 168,358,331 175,866,492 Local government covered 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 1995 .. 1996 .. 1997 ........ .. 1998 ········ ······· 1999 .. 2000 .. 2001 2002 . ... . ... ... .............. 118,626 121,425 126,342 128,640 130,829 137,902 140,093 141,491 143,989 146,767 11 ,059,500 11,278,080 11,442,238 11 ,621,074 11,844,330 12,077,513 12,339,584 12,620,081 13,126,143 13,412,941 $288,594,697 301 ,315,857 315,252,346 329,105,269 345,069,166 365,359,945 385,419,781 408,721 ,690 440,000,795 464,153,701 Federal Government covered (UCFE) 1993 1994 1995 . 1996 1997 .. 1998 .. 1999 . 2000 2001 .. 2002 .. 47 ,714 48 ,377 50 ,083 51 ,524 52,110 47 ,252 49,661 50,256 50 ,993 50,755 3,071 ,140 3,023,098 2,948,046 2,881 ,887 2,810,489 2,782,888 2,786,567 2,871,489 2,752,619 2,758,627 $113,448,871 114,992,550 113,567,881 116,469,523 120,097,833 121,578,334 123,409,672 132,741 ,760 134,713,843 143,587,523 to NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding . Data reflect the movement of Indian Tribal Council establishments from private industry the public sector. See Notes on Current Labor Statistics. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 79 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 25. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, establishment size and employment, private ownership, by supersector, first quarter 2003 Size of establishments Industry, establishments, and employment Total Fewer than 5 workers ' 10to 19 workers 20 to 49 workers 50 to 99 workers 100 to 249 workers 250 to 499 workers 500to 999 workers 1,000 or more workers Total all lndustrles 2 Establishments, first quarter .......•.......... Employment, March ............. ................ 7,933,974 105,583,548 4,768,812 7,095,128 1,331 ,834 8,810,097 872 ,241 11,763,253 597,662 18,025,655 203,030 13,970,194 115,598 17,299,058 28,856 9,864,934 10,454 7,090,739 5,487 11,664,490 Natural resources and mining Establishments, first quarter ... . ............. Employment, March . . .. .. . . .. ... . .... .... .. ..... 124,527 1,526,176 72,088 110,155 23,248 153,629 14,773 198,895 9,226 275,811 2,893 198,122 1,593 241,559 501 171,063 161 108,563 68,379 Construction Establishments, first quarter ...... ....... Employment, March . . . . . . . . .. ....... ... 795,029 6,285,841 523,747 746,296 129,201 846,521 76,215 1,021,722 46,096 1,371 ,071 12,837 872,274 5,604 823,846 1,006 338,107 262 172,944 61 93,060 Manufacturing Establishments, first quarter ········ .. ... .... Employment, March ............. .. .. ...... ... ... 381,159 14,606,928 148,469 252,443 65,027 436,028 57,354 788,581 54,261 1,685,563 25,927 1,815,385 19,813 3,043,444 6,506 2,245,183 2,565 1,732 ,368 1,237 2,607,933 Trade, transportation, and utilities Establishments, first quarter ............... Employment, March .... . .. . .. . . .. 1,851,662 24,683,356 992,180 1,646,304 378,157 2,514,548 239,637 3,204,840 149,960 4,527,709 51,507 3,564,316 31,351 4,661,898 6,681 2,277,121 1,619 1,070,141 570 1,216,479 Information Establ ishments, first quarter .... ... .. .... Employment, March ..... .... 147,062 3,208,667 84,906 112,409 20,744 138,076 16,130 220,618 13,539 416,670 5,920 410,513 3,773 576,674 1,223 418,113 575 399,366 252 516,228 Financial activities Establishments, first quarter .......... ....... Employment, March ... ........ ... .. ............ 753,064 7,753,717 480,485 788,607 135,759 892,451 76,733 1,017,662 39,003 1,162,498 11 ,743 801 ,140 6,195 934,618 1,794 620,183 883 601,549 469 935,009 Professional and business services Establishments, first quarter .. ............... Employment, March .... .... .... ... ............... 1,307,697 15,648,435 887,875 1,230,208 180,458 1,184,745 111,532 1,501,470 73,599 2,232,506 28,471 1,969,466 17,856 2,707,203 5,153 1,762 ,251 1,919 1,307,870 834 1,752,716 Education and health services Establishments , first quarter .......... Employment, March .... ........... ..... ......... 720,207 15,680,834 338,139 629,968 164,622 1,092,329 103,683 1,392,099 65,173 1,955,861 24,086 1,679,708 17,122 2,558,300 3,929 1,337,188 1,761 1,220,921 1,692 3,814,460 Leisure and hospitality Establishments, first quarter ....... .. .. . Employment , March ....... ... .. .. .. .. 657,359 11,731 ,379 260,149 411 ,192 110,499 744,144 118,140 1,653,470 122,168 3,683,448 34,166 2,285,550 9,718 1,372,780 1,609 545,304 599 404,831 311 630,660 1,057,236 4,243 ,633 851 ,231 1,037,360 116,940 761,518 56,238 740,752 24,235 703,957 5,451 371,774 2,561 376,832 454 150,421 109 71,453 17 29,566 Other services Establishments, first quarter Employment, March ...... ·············· ··· ·· ' Includes establishments that reported no workers in March 2003. 2 80 5 to 9 workers Incl udes data for unclassified establishments, not shown separately. Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 44 NOTE: Details may not add to totals due to rounding . Data are only produced for first quarter. Data are preliminary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 26. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 Average annual wage2 Metropolitan area 1 2001 2002 Percent change, 2001-02 $37,908 $38,423 1.4 Abilene, TX ... Akron , OH . . Albany , GA ... .. ... . Alban y-Schenectady-Troy, NY ... Albuquerque, NM . Alexandria, LA . ...... . . Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton , PA . Altoona, PA .. Amarillo, TX .... . Anch orage , AK ... 25,141 32,930 28,877 35,355 31 ,667 26 ,296 33,569 26 ,869 27,422 37,998 25,517 34,037 29,913 35,994 32,475 27,300 34,789 27 ,360 28,274 39 ,112 1.5 3.4 3.6 1.8 2.6 3.8 3.6 1.8 3.1 2.9 Ann Arbor, Ml Anniston, AL ... ... .. Appleton-Oshkosh -Neenah, WI Asheville, NC .... ........... ... Athens, GA ... . Atlanta, GA .. .... Atlantic-Cape May, NJ . Auburn-Opel ika, AL Augusta-Aiken , GA-SC .. Austin-San Marcos, TX . 37,582 26,486 32,652 28,511 28,966 40,559 31 ,268 25,753 30,626 40 ,831 39,220 27 ,547 33,020 28,771 29,942 41 ,123 32,201 26,405 31 ,743 39,540 4.4 4.0 1.1 .9 3.4 1.4 3.0 2.5 3.6 -3.2 Bakersfield, CA . Baltimore, MD .. Bangor, ME .. ..... ..... ... ..... . Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA Baton Rouge, LA . . Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX .. .. Bellingham, WA ........ . Benton Harbor, Ml ... ... Bergen-Passaic, NJ .. . Billings , MT .. . . 30,106 37,495 27,850 31,025 30,321 31,798 27,724 31,140 44,701 27,889 31 ,192 38,718 28,446 32,028 31 ,366 32,577 28,284 32,627 45,185 28,553 3.6 3.3 2.1 3.2 3.4 2.4 2.0 4.8 1.1 2.4 Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS . Binghamton , NY . Birmingham, AL . Bismarck, ND ... Bloomington , IN ...... ........ . .... ........... .. ... ............. . ................. .... . Bloomington-Normal , Boi se City, ID .. Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton , MA-NH Boulder-Longmont, CO ..... Brazoria , TX .. 28,351 31 ,187 34 ,519 27,116 28 ,013 35 ,111 31 ,624 45 ,766 44,310 35,655 28,515 31 ,832 35,940 27 ,993 28,855 36 ,133 31 ,955 45,685 44,037 36,253 .6 2.1 4.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 1.0 -.2 -.6 1.7 Bremerton, WA . ........ ... ... .. . .. .. ... ..... . Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX ... Bryan-College Station, TX . Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY .. .. Burlington , VT ... .. .. . Canton-Massillon , OH Casper, WY . Cedar Rapids , IA ... .... . Champaign-Urbana, IL ... ...... ... . Charleston-North Charleston , SC ... 31 ,525 22,142 25,755 32 ,054 34 ,363 29,020 28 ,264 34,649 30,488 28,887 33,775 22 ,892 26,051 32,777 35,169 29,689 28,886 34,730 31,995 29,993 7.1 3.4 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 .2 4.9 3.8 Charleston, WV . . ...... . ....... .. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill , NC-SC Charlottesville, VA .. .... . Chattanooga, TN-GA .. . Cheyenne, WY Chicago, IL .... .. ... Chico-Paradise, CA ... Cincinnati , OH -KY-IN . . .. ..... . Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN -KY . Cleveland-Lorain -Elyria, OH .... 31 ,530 37,267 32,427 29,981 27,579 42,685 26,499 36,050 25,567 35 ,514 32,136 38,413 33,328 30,631 28,827 43,239 27,190 37,168 26 ,940 36,102 1.9 3.1 2.8 2.2 4.5 1.3 2.6 3.1 5.4 1.7 Colorado Springs , CO . . Columbia, MO ...... . Columbia, SC .. Columbus , GA-AL .. Columbus, OH .... .. Corpus Christi , TX . Corvallis, OR ... ........ .. .. Cumberland, MD-WV .. . Dallas, TX . Danville, VA .. ...... ..... , .. . 34 ,391 28,490 29,904 28,412 35,028 29,361 35,525 25,504 42,706 25,465 34 ,681 29,135 30,721 29,207 36,144 30,168 36,766 26,704 43,000 26,116 .8 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.5 4.7 .7 2.6 Metropolitan areas3 See footnotes at end of table. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 81 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 26. Continued-Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 Average annual wage2 Metropolitan area 1 2001 2002 Percent change, 2001-02 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL ............. ................. ..... ... Dayton-Springfield, OH ..... ..... .. .. .... .. .. ........... ............... .. Daytona Beach, FL ............ ............ .. .......... .. Decatur, AL .. .......... .. ... .... ............ ... .... ..... .. ... .................. .. Decatur, IL ................................................... ......... ... ... .. ........ . Denver, CO .. ..... .. .. .. ........ ..... .. ..... .. .. .. ........................ .. Des Moines, IA ...... .. .. ......... ............... .. .. .. Detroit, Ml ....... .. ................................ .. .. .. Dothan, AL.. ....... ... .. ........ .. .... .. ........ .. ...... .. ................ .. .. Dover, DE .............................. . ..................... .. . $31,275 33,619 25,953 30,891 33,354 42,351 34,303 42,704 28,026 27,754 $32,118 34,327 26,898 30,370 33,215 42,133 35,641 43,224 29,270 29,818 3.6 -1 .7 -.4 -.5 3.9 1.2 4.4 7.4 Dubuque, IA ............ . Duluth-Superior, MN-WI Dutchess County, NY . Eau Claire, WI ...... . El Paso, TX ........... . Elkhart-Goshen, IN Elmira, NY ................... . Enid, OK ........ .. . Erie, PA . Eugene-Springfield, OR . 28,402 29,415 38,748 27,680 25,847 30,797 28,669 24,836 29,293 28,983 29,208 30,581 38,221 28,760 26,604 32,427 29,151 25,507 29,780 29,427 2.8 4.0 -1 .4 3.9 2.9 5.3 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.5 Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY ...... .. Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN .. ..... .. Fayetteville, NC ................... . Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR .. Flagstaff, AZ-UT ......................................... . Flint, Ml ........................................ .... ..... .. Florence, AL ............... .. .... .. .......... .. ... .... .. . Florence, SC .......... .. .... ............................. .. Fort Collins-Loveland, CO . Fort Lauderdale, FL ........ . 31,042 27,899 26,981 29,940 25,890 35,995 25,639 28,800 33,248 33,966 31,977 29,053 28,298 31,090 26,846 36,507 26,591 29,563 34,215 34,475 4.9 3.8 3.7 1.4 3.7 2.6 2.9 1.5 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL Fort Smith, AR-OK .. Fort Walton Beach, FL .. .. . Fort Wayne, IN .. Fort Worth -Arlington, TX Fresno, CA ... .. . Gadsden, AL ...................... .. Gainesville, FL .......... .... .. Galveston-Texas City, TX . 29,432 27,742 26,755 26,151 31,400 36,379 27,647 25,760 26,917 31 ,067 30,324 29,152 27,075 27,242 32 ,053 37,195 28,814 26,214 27,648 31 ,920 3.0 5.1 1.2 4.2 2.1 2.2 4.2 1.8 2.7 2.7 Gary, IN ......... .... .. .. .. .. Glens Falls, NY ........ .... .. Goldsboro, NC ........ ... .. Grand Forks, ND-MN .. .. Grand Junction , CO .. .. . Grand Rapids-Muskegon -Holland, Ml . Great Falls, MT ............................. ...... .. Greeley, CO .. . ..... .. ...... .. Green Bay, WI .. .......... ... . .. . ............... .. Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point, NC 31,948 27,885 25,398 24,959 27,426 33,431 24,211 30,066 32,631 31,730 32,432 28,931 25,821 25,710 28,331 34,214 25,035 31,104 33,698 32,369 1.5 3.8 1.7 3.0 3.3 2.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 2.0 Greenville, NC .................................... .. Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC . Hagerstown , MD ......... . Hamilton-Middletown, OH .. . Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA Hartford, CT .............. .... .. .. .......... .... .. .. ............ . Hattiesburg, MS .. ........ ................ .. ................... .. ............ . Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC ... ... ... .... ....... .............. ........... .. Honolulu, HI ............ .... ..... ..... ......................... .. Houma, LA ...... ........ .......... .. .... .. .. .... ......................... . 28,289 30,940 29,020 32,325 33,408 43,880 25,145 27,305 32,531 30,343 29,055 31 ,726 30,034 32,985 34,497 44,387 26,051 27,996 33,978 30,758 2.7 2.5 3.5 2.0 3.3 1.2 3.6 2.5 4.4 1.4 Houston , TX .......... ........... ... ........ .. .. . Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Huntsville, AL .... . Indianapolis, IN Iowa City, IA .... Jackson, Ml . Jackson , MS .. . Jackson, TN .... . Jacksonville, FL ....... ..... .. Jacksonville, NC .............. . 42,784 27,478 36,727 35,989 31,663 32,454 29,813 29,414 32 .367 21,395 42 ,712 28,321 38,571 36,608 32,567 33,251 30,537 30,443 33,722 22 ,269 -.2 3.1 5.0 1.7 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.5 4.2 4.1 See footnotes at end of table. 82 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 2.7 2.1 3.0 4.1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 26. Continued-A nnual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 Average annual wage2 Metropolitan area 1 Percent change, 2001-02 2001 2002 Jamestown , NY .............................. ....... . ... ......... ...... .. ..... .. Janesville-Beloit, WI ....... ... . Jersey City, NJ .... ... ........ ....... ......... ......... .................... .. .. . Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA ...... ... .... ............ .... Johnstown , PA ..................... . ...................... ..................... .... . ................................. . Jonesboro, AR .. ... ... .. ... ...... ... . Joplin, MO ................... ............. . . ..... Ml Creek, Kalamazoo-Battle Kankakee, IL ............ . Kansas City, MO-KS .... ..... $25,913 31,482 47,638 28,543 25,569 25,337 26,011 32,905 29,104 35,794 $26,430 32,837 49,562 29,076 26,161 26,165 26,594 34,237 30,015 36,731 2.0 4.3 4.0 1.9 2.3 3.3 2.2 4.0 3.1 2.6 .............. ... ......... ....... . Kenosha, WI . .. .. ...... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ........................ .. . Killeen-Temple, TX . ................. ......... ....... . Knoxville, TN . ..... ....... .. ................. . Kokomo, IN ..... ........ .. .................... . La Crosse, WI-MN ... ........ .... ................. ... Lafayette, LA .. ... .... ... ... Lafayette, IN ... .................................. . Lake Charles, LA ............... ... ......... ...... . Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL .. ................. . Lancaster, PA .... ....... ..... . 31,562 26,193 30,422 39,599 27,774 29,693 31,484 29,782 28,890 31,493 32,473 27,299 31,338 40,778 28,719 30,104 31,700 30,346 29,505 32,197 2.9 4.2 3.0 3.0 3.4 1.4 .7 1.9 2.1 2.2 Lansing-East Lansing, Ml ... ....... . Laredo, TX ....................... . Las Cruces, NM .......... ..... . Las Vegas, NV-AZ. ... .. ..... . Lawrence, KS ................... . ........ .. ......... . Lawton , OK ........................ Lewiston-Auburn, ME ............. ............. ................. ........... .... . . .. .. .... .............. ........ ..... ..... KY Lexington, Lima, OH ......................... ........ ....... . Lincoln , NE ... ... ... ........................ . 34,724 24,128 24,310 32,239 25,923 24,812 27,092 31,593 29,644 29,352 35,785 24,739 25,256 33,280 26,621 25,392 28,435 32,776 30,379 30,614 3.1 2.5 3.9 3.2 2.7 2.3 5.0 3.7 2.5 4.3 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR ......... . Longview-Marshall, TX ............ ............. . Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA . Louisville, KY-IN ............. .. ... . Lubbock, TX .... ... ........ .... ... ... . Lynchburg, VA ...................... . Macon, GA .......... .. .................. . Madison, WI ....... . Mansfield, OH ....................... .. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission , TX ... 30,858 28,029 40,891 33,058 26,577 28,859 30,595 34,097 28,808 22,313 31 ,634 28,172 41,709 33,901 27,625 29,444 31 ,884 35,410 30,104 23,179 2.5 .5 2.0 2.6 3.9 2.0 4.2 3.9 4.5 3.9 Medford-Ashland, OR .............. . Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL .. Memphis, TN-AR-MS .................... . Merced, CA ... .............................. ......... .... ... Miami , FL ... ............ .... ...... ... ...... ..... .. ........ . Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon , NJ ....... . Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI ..... Minneapolis-St. Paul , MN-WI Missoula, MT Mobile, AL .. . 27,224 32,798 34,603 25,479 34,524 49,950 35,617 40,868 26,181 28,129 28,098 33,913 35,922 26,771 35,694 50,457 36,523 41,722 27,249 28,742 3.2 3.4 3.8 5.1 3.4 1.0 2.5 2.1 4.1 2.2 .... Modesto, CA .. .. ........ . Monmouth-Ocean, NJ ............................ Monroe, LA ......................................................... ... Montgomery, AL ............ ....... . Muncie, IN .................................. ... .... ...... ... ... .. ... . Myrtle Beach , SC .......................... .. ................... .... Naples, FL ...................................................................... ... . Nashville, TN ... .................. ......................... ....... ...... ........ . ........... ....... ............ ........ . Nassau-Suffolk, NY .. New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Waterbury-Danbury, CT 29,591 37,056 26,578 29,150 28,374 24,029 30,839 33,989 39,662 52,198 30,769 37,710 27,614 30,525 29,017 24,672 31,507 35,036 40,396 51,170 4.0 1.8 3.9 4.7 2.3 2.7 2.2 3.1 1.9 -2 .0 New London-Norwich, CT . New Orleans, LA New York, NY ..... ... . ................. . Newark, NJ ................ ... . Newburgh, NY-PA Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC . Oakland, CA .. ........ .. ....... Ocala, FL .......................... ... ... .. Odessa-Midland, TX ...... .. .... .... ...... ... . Oklahoma City, OK . 38,505 31 ,089 59,097 47 ,715 29,827 29,875 45 ,920 26,012 31,278 28,915 38,650 32,407 57,708 48,781 30,920 30,823 46 ,877 26,628 31,295 29,850 .4 4.2 -2.4 2.2 3.7 3.2 2.1 2.4 .1 3.2 See footnotes at end of table. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 83 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 26. Continued-Annu al data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 Average annual wage2 Metropolitan area 1 2001 2002 Percent change, 2001-02 Olympia, WA ...................... ... ...... .... .. .. .................. . Omaha, NE-IA . ....... .. ................ . Orange County, CA . . .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. . .. .......................... .... .. Orlando, FL .............. .. .............................. .. Owensboro, KY . .. .. .............................................................. . Panama City, FL ................................................................... . Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH ....... . Pensacola, FL ........ .. Peoria-Pekin, IL ................. .. Philadelphia, PA-NJ ..... . $32,772 31,856 40,252 31,276 27,306 26,433 27,920 28,059 33,293 40,231 $33,765 33,107 41,219 32,461 28,196 27,448 29,529 28,189 34,261 41,121 3.0 3.9 2.4 3.8 3.3 3.8 5.8 .5 2.9 2.2 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ. .. . Pine Bluff, AR Pittsburgh, PA .. . Pittsfield, MA .................... . Pocatello, ID . Portland, ME ................ . Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI .. Provo-Orem, UT .. Pueblo, CO . 35,514 27,561 35,024 31,561 24,621 32,327 37,285 33,403 28,266 27,097 36,045 28,698 35,625 32,707 25,219 33,309 37,650 34,610 28,416 27,763 1.5 4.1 1.7 3.6 2.4 3.0 1.0 3.6 .5 2.5 Punta Gorda, FL Racine, WI .... ...................................................................... . Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC ................ .. .................. . Rapid City, SD .. .. ............................................. .. Reading, PA ...................... ... ............ . Redding, CA ........ .. Reno, NV .......... ............ . Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA Richmond-Petersburg, VA .. Riverside-San Bernardino, CA 25,404 33,319 38,691 25,508 32,807 28,129 34,231 33,370 35,879 30,510 26,119 34,368 39,056 26,434 33,912 28,961 34,744 35,174 36,751 31,591 2.8 3.1 .9 3.6 3.4 3.0 1.5 5.4 2.4 3.5 Roanoke, VA . Rochester, MN . Rochester, NY ... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... . .. ...... .. ......... . Rockford, IL Rocky Mount, NC Sacramento, CA ............ .. Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, Ml ........ St. Cloud, MN .. .. St. Joseph, MO .. . St. Louis, MO-IL .. 30,330 37,753 34,327 32,104 28,770 38,016 35,429 28,263 27,734 35,928 31,775 39,036 34,827 32,827 28,893 39,354 35,444 29,535 28,507 36,712 4.8 3.4 1.5 2.3 .4 3.5 .0 4.5 2.8 2.2 Salem, OR ...... .. .. .................. . Salinas, CA ............................................................................ . Salt Lake City-Ogden , UT ..................................................... .. San Angelo, TX ..... . .. .. .......................... .. ........ .................. . .. San Antonio, TX ......................... .. San Diego, CA .. .............. .. . .. ..................... . San Francisco, CA ......... .......... .. San Jose, CA .. .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. ............... .. .... ... San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA ................... .. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA ............................ .. 28,336 31,735 31,965 26,147 30,650 38,418 59,654 65,931 29,092 33,626 29,210 32,463 32,600 26,321 31,336 39,305 56,602 63,056 29,981 34,382 3.1 2.3 2.0 .7 2.2 2.3 -5.1 -4.4 3.1 2.2 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA Santa Fe, NM .... Santa Rosa, CA ........ .. ..... .. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL ............ . Savannah, GA .......................... ........ ..... .. Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA . Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA ............................................. .. Sharon, PA ......................................................................... .. Sheboygan, WI Sherman-Denison, TX ........ 35,022 30,671 36,145 27,958 30,176 28,642 45,299 26,707 30,840 30,397 35,721 32,269 36,494 28,950 30,796 29,336 46,093 27,872 32,148 30,085 2.0 5.2 1.0 3.5 2.1 2.4 1.8 4.4 4.2 -1.0 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA Sioux City, IA-NE Sioux Falls, SD South Bend, IN Spokane, WA .. .. Springfield, IL .. .. Springfield, MO . .. ......... ............ .. Springfield, MA ..................... .. State College, PA .................... . Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV 27,856 26,755 28,962 30,769 29,310 36,061 27,338 32,801 29,939 28,483 28,769 27,543 29,975 31,821 30,037 37,336 27,987 33,972 30,910 29,129 3.3 2.9 3.5 3.4 2.5 3.5 2.4 3.6 3.2 2.3 See footnotes at end of table. 84 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 26. Continued-Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 Average annual wage2 Metropolitan area• Percent change, 2001 2002 $30,818 24,450 32,254 31,261 29,708 31,678 27,334 26,492 32,299 30,513 $31,958 24,982 33,752 32,507 30,895 32,458 28,415 27,717 33,513 31,707 3.7 2.2 4.6 4.0 4.0 2.5 4.0 4.6 3.8 3.9 Trenton , NJ Tucson, AZ. Tulsa, OK .... Tuscaloosa, AL .... .. . Tyler, TX ...... . Utica-Rome, NY .. ...... . Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA Ventura, CA ............ . .. ... ... ............. . Victoria, TX . Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ 46,831 30,690 31,904 29,972 30,551 27,777 33,903 37,783 29,068 32,571 47,969 31,673 32,241 30,745 31,050 28,500 34,543 38,195 29,168 33,625 2.4 3.2 1.1 2.6 1.6 2.6 1.9 1.1 .3 3.2 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA . ............ . Waco, TX . . Washington , DC-MD-VA-WV Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA . . ..... Wausau, WI ...... West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL Wheeling, WV-OH ... Wichita, KS ...... . Wichita Falls, TX Williamsport, PA . 24,732 28,245 47,589 29,119 29,402 35,957 26,282 32,983 25,557 27,801 25,650 28,885 48,430 29,916 30,292 36,550 26,693 33,429 26,387 27.988 3.7 2.3 1.8 2.7 3.0 1.6 1.6 1.4 3.2 .7 Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD . Wilmington, NC . Yakima, WA Yolo, CA York, PA .. ... . Youngstown-Warren, OH Yuba City, CA Yuma, AZ. 42 ,177 29,287 24,204 35,352 31,936 28,789 27,781 22,415 43,401 29,157 24 ,934 35,591 32,609 29,799 28,967 23,429 2.9 -.4 3.0 .7 2.1 3.5 4.3 4.5 Aguadilla, PR . Arecibo, PR Caguas, PR ... ..... ... .. .... . Mayaguez, PR ... ..... ... ... ..... ...... .. Ponce, PR ............. . San Juan-Bayamon , PR . 18,061 16,600 18,655 17,101 17,397 20,948 19,283 18,063 19,706 17,500 18,187 21 ,930 6.8 8.8 5.6 2.3 4.5 4.7 Stockton-Lodi, CA .... ... Sumter, SC .. ....... ............. .... Syracuse, NY ..... .... ...... ............ . Tacoma, WA. Tallahassee, FL ..... ... .. .. ................. . Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Terre Haute, IN . Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR Toledo, OH . Topeka, KS 2001-02 ' Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA) as defined by 0MB Bulletin No. 99-04. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used . 2 Each year's total is based on the MSA definition for the specific year. differences resulting from changes in MSA definitions. 3 Annual changes include Totals do not include the six MSAs within Puerto Rico. NOTE: Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 85 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 27. Annual data: Employment status of the population [Numbers in thousands] Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population .. Civilian labor force .. Labor force participation rate .. Employed ... Employment-population ratio ... Unemployed .. ······· ·· · · Unemployment rate .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... Not in the labor force .. .. .... .......... ... . 1 1993 19941 1995 1996 1997 1 19981 19991 20001 2001 2002 2003 194,838 129,200 66.3 120,259 61.7 8,940 196,814 131,056 66.6 123,060 62 .5 198,584 132,304 66.6 124,900 62 .9 200,591 133,943 66.8 126,708 207,753 139,368 67.1 133,488 64.3 5,880 4.2 68,385 212,577 142,583 67.1 136,891 64.4 5,692 4.0 69,994 215,092 143,734 66 .8 136,933 63 .7 6,801 4.7 71,359 221 ,168 146,510 66.2 137,736 7,404 5.6 66,280 205,220 137,673 67.1 131,463 64.1 6,210 4.5 67,547 217,570 144,863 66.6 136,485 62 .7 7,996 6.1 65,758 203,133 136,297 67 .1 129,558 63.8 6,739 4.9 66,836 6.9 65,638 63.2 7,236 5.4 66,647 8,378 5.8 72,707 62.3 8,774 6.0 74,658 Not strictly comparable with prior years. 28. Annual data: Employment levels by industry [In thousands] Industry 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 91,855 95,016 97,866 100,169 103,113 106,021 108,686 110,996 110,707 108,828 108,356 Total nonfarm employment .. ..... ..... ..... Goods-producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... Natural resources and mining . .. .. ...... Construction ........ .. .. ....... ...... .. .. . . .. . . . Manufacturing .... ............ . ...........• ..• 110,844 22,219 666 4,779 16,744 114,291 22 ,774 659 5,095 17,021 117,298 23,156 641 5,274 17,241 119,708 23,410 637 5,536 17,237 122,770 23,886 654 5,813 17,419 125,930 24,354 645 6,149 17,560 128,993 24,465 598 6,545 17,322 131,785 24,649 599 6,787 17,263 131,826 23,873 606 6,826 16,441 130,341 22,557 583 6,716 15,259 129,931 21,817 571 6,722 14,525 Private service-providing ........................ Trade, transportation, and utilities .. ....... Wholesale trade .. . .... ..... Retail trade. ........... . . . . . .. .. . . .. Transportation and warehousing. ... ... Utilities ............. .......... Information .. ········· ···· ·· ··········· ···· ·· Financial activities .. ............. ....... ....... Professional and business services ..... Education and health services .. ....... Leisure and hospitality ..... .... ........... Other services .... .. .... ... ...... .... .. .... 69,636 22,378 5,093.2 13,020.5 3,553.8 710.7 2,668 6,709 11 ,495 12,303 9,732 4,350 72,242 23,128 5,247 .3 13,490.8 3,701 .0 689.3 2,738 6,867 12,174 12,807 10,100 4,428 74,710 23,834 5,433.1 13,896.7 3,837.8 666 .2 2,843 6,827 12,844 13,289 10,501 4,572 76,759 24,239 5,522.0 14,142.5 3,935.3 639.6 2,940 6,969 13,462 13,683 10,777 4,690 79,227 24,700 5,663 .9 14,388.9 4,026 .5 620.9 3,084 7,178 14,335 14,087 11,018 4,825 81,667 25,186 5,795.2 14,609.3 4,168.0 613.4 3,218 7,462 15,147 14,446 11,232 4,976 84,221 25,771 5,892.5 14,970.1 4,300.3 608.5 3,419 7,648 15,957 14,798 11,543 5,087 86,346 26,225 5,933 .2 15,279 .8 4,410.3 601.3 3,631 7,687 16,666 15,109 11,862 5,168 86,834 25,983 5,772 .7 15,238.6 4,372 .0 599.4 3,629 7,807 16,476 15,645 12,036 5,258 86,271 25,497 5,652 .3 15,025.1 4,223.6 596.2 3,395 7,847 15,976 16,199 11,986 5,372 86,538 25,275 5,605.6 14,911.5 4,176.7 580.8 3,198 7,974 15,997 16,577 12,125 5,393 Total private employment . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .... . Government. . .............. ........ .............. 18,989 19,275 19,432 19,539 19,664 19,909 20,307 20,790 21,118 21,513 NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard lndustrrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data. See "Notes on the data" for a description of the most recent benchmark revision. 86 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 21,575 29. Annual data: Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, by Industry 2001 1999 2000 1998 1997 1996 1994 1995 1993 Industry 2002 2003 Private sector: Average weekly hours .. ........................ .............. ... . Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .... .. ................... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ....................... 34.3 11 .03 378.40 34.5 11 .32 390.73 34.3 11.64 399.53 34.3 12.03 412 .74 34.5 12.49 431 .25 34.5 13.00 448.04 34.3 13.47 462 .49 34.3 14.00 480.41 34.0 14.53 493.20 33.9 14.95 506 .07 33.7 15.35 517.36 Goods-producing: Average weekly hours .. ..... ...... .. . .................. ... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .... ........ .... ...... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) .............. .. ... .. 40.6 12.28 498.82 41.1 12.63 519.58 40.8 12.96 528.62 40.8 13.38 546.48 41 .1 13.82 568.43 40.8 14.23 580.99 40.8 14.71 59999 40.7 15.27 621 .86 39.9 15.78 630.04 39.9 16.33 651.61 39.8 16.80 669.23 44 .9 14.12 634.77 45.3 14.41 653.14 45.3 14.78 670.32 46.0 15.10 695.07 46.2 15.57 720.11 44.9 16.20 727.28 44 .2 16.33 721 .74 44.4 16.55 734 .92 44.6 17.00 757.92 43.2 17.19 741 .97 43.6 17.58 766.83 38.4 14.04 539.81 38.8 14.38 558.53 38.8 14.73 571 .57 38.9 15.11 588.48 38.9 15.67 609.48 38.8 16.23 629.75 39.0 16.80 655.1 1 39.2 17.48 685.78 38.7 18.00 695.89 38.4 18.52 711.82 38.4 18.95 727.11 41 .1 11.70 480.80 41 .7 12.04 502 .12 41.3 12.34 509.26 41 .3 12.75 526.55 41 .7 13.14 548.22 41 .4 13.45 557.12 41.4 13.85 573.17 41 .3 14.32 590.65 40.3 14.76 595.19 40.5 15.29 618.75 40.4 15.74 636.07 32.5 10.60 345.03 32.7 10.87 354 .97 32 .6 11 .19 364.14 32.6 11 .57 376.72 32 .8 12.05 394.77 32.8 12.59 412 .78 32 .7 13.07 427.30 32.7 13.60 445.00 32.5 14.16 460.32 32 .5 14.56 472 .88 32.4 14.96 484.00 34.1 10.55 359.33 34.3 10.80 370.38 34.1 11 .10 378.79 34.1 11.46 390.64 34 .3 11 .90 407.57 34.2 12.39 423.30 33.9 12.82 434.31 33.8 13.31 449 .88 33.5 13.70 459.53 33.6 14.02 471 .27 33.6 14.34 481.10 38 .5 12.57 484.46 38 .8 12.93 501.17 38.6 13.34 515.14 38.6 13.80 533.29 38.8 14.41 559.39 38.6 15.07 582.21 38.6 15.62 602 .77 38.8 16.28 631.40 38.4 16.77 643.45 38.0 16.98 644 .38 37.8 17.36 657 .12 30.7 8.36 484.46 30 .9 8.61 501.17 30.8 8.85 515.14 30.7 9.21 533.29 30.9 9.59 559.39 30.9 10.05 582.21 30.8 10.45 602.77 30.7 10.86 631 .40 30.7 11 .29 643.45 30.9 11 .67 644.38 30.9 11 .90 657.12 38.9 12.71 494.36 39.5 12.84 507.27 38.9 13.18 513.37 39.1 13.45 525.60 39.4 13.78 542.55 38.7 14.12 546.86 37.6 14.55 547 .97 37.4 15.05 562 .31 36.7 15.33 562 .70 36.8 15.76 579.75 36.8 16.25 597.79 42.1 17.95 756.35 42.3 18.66 789.98 42 .3 19.19 811 .52 42.0 19.78 830.74 42.0 20.59 865 .26 42.0 21 .48 902.94 42.0 22 .03 924 .59 42.0 22.75 955.66 41 .4 23.58 977.18 40.9 23.96 979.09 24.76 1,016.94 36.0 14.86 535.25 36.0 15.32 551 .28 36.0 15.68 564.98 36.4 16.30 592 .68 36.3 17.14 622 .40 36.6 17.67 646 .52 36.7 18.40 675.32 36.8 19.07 700.89 36.9 19.80 731 .11 36.5 20.20 738.17 36.2 21 .01 761 .13 35.5 11 .36 403.02 35.5 11 .82 419.20 35.5 12.28 436.12 35.5 12.71 451.49 35.7 13.22 472 .37 36 .0 13.93 500.95 35.8 14.47 517.57 35.9 14.98 537.37 35.8 15.59 558.02 35.6 16.17 575.51 35 .5 17.13 608.87 34.0 11 .96 406.20 34.1 12.15 414 .16 34 .0 12.53 426.44 34.1 13.00 442 .81 34.3 13.57 465.51 34 .3 14.27 490.00 34.4 14.85 510.99 34.5 15.52 535.07 34 .2 16.33 557.84 34 .2 16.81 574 .66 34 .1 17.20 586.68 32 .0 11 .21 359.08 32 .0 11 .50 368.14 32.0 11 .80 377.73 31 .9 12.17 388.27 32 .2 12.56 404.65 322 13.00 418.82 32 .1 13.44 431 .35 32 .2 13.95 449.29 32.3 14.64 473.39 32.4 15.21 492 .74 32.3 15.64 505.76 Leisure and hospitality: Average weekly hours ................................. ...... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ................... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ................. 25.9 6.32 163.45 26.0 6.46 168.00 25.9 6.62 171.43 25.9 6.82 176.48 26.0 7.13 185.81 26.2 7.48 195.82 26 .1 7.76 202 .87 26.1 8.11 211 .79 25.8 8.35 215 .19 25.8 8.58 221 .26 25.6 8.76 224.25 Other services: Average weekly hours ........................................ Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .......... ....... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ................. 32 .6 9.90 322 .69 32.7 10.18 332.44 32.6 10.51 342.36 32.5 10.85 352.62 32.7 11 .29 368.63 32.6 11 .79 384.25 32 .5 12.26 398.77 32.5 12.73 413.41 32.3 13.27 428.64 32 .0 13.72 439.76 31 .4 13.84 434.49 Natural resources and mining Average weekly hours .... .. .......... ...... ..... ............ Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ... .................. Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ... ................ Construction: Average weekly hours .......................................... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ...................... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ... ... ..... ... .... Manufacturing: Average weekly hours .... ......................... ... ... ...... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .................... .. Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ................... Private service-providing: Average weekly hours ....... ........................ ......... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ................ ...... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ............ ........ Trade, transportation, and utilities: Average weekly hours ............................................ Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .. .. .... .......... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) .... .. . .. . .. .. . ... . Wholesale trade: Average weekly hours ........ .. . ..... .... . .......... .... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ............ .. ... .. Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ................. Retail trade: Average weekly hours .................. .. .... .............. . Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ... ...... ...... ... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) .. .............. Transportation and warehousing: Average weekly hours ........................ .. .. ......... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .... . . .. .. . ... .. . Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ..... Utilities: Average weekly hours ............. .... .. ........ ... .... .. .... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .... .. ............. Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ..... ........... Information: Average weekly hours ........................................ Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ........ ... ....... Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ................. Financial activities: Average weekly hours ........................................ Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .................. . Average weekly earnings (in dollars) ................. Professional and business services: Average weekly hours .. ........ ....................... .. ..... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) ............... .. .. Average weekly earnings (in dollars) . . . .. .. . .. .. Education and health services : ... ... .. .... ...... ... . Average weekly hours ........... Average hourly earnings (in dollars) .... .............. Average weekly earnings (in dollars) .... .... .... ... . 41.1 NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS-based data by industry are not comparable with SIC-based data. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 87 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 30. Employment Cost Index, compensation, 1 by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100] 2002 Series Sept. 2003 Dec. Mar. June Percent change 2004 Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. 3 months 12 months ended ended Sept. 2004 Civilian workers2 ........................................... ... ... ... ... ..... . 161 .3 162.2 164.5 165.8 167.6 168.4 170.7 172.2 173.9 163.5 161 .4 166.3 164.9 156.4 161.3 164.3 162.4 166.7 166.1 157.5 162.2 166.7 164.1 171.1 168.3 159.8 164.1 167.9 165.0 172.0 170.0 161.4 165.0 169.9 167.0 174.0 171 .7 162.9 166.8 170.7 168.0 174.9 172.5 163.7 167.9 172.7 170.2 175.8 175.3 166.9 169.7 174.0 171 .2 177.1 177.2 168.8 170.9 175.8 173.6 178.2 178.7 170.1 172.7 1.1 Workers, by industry division: Goods-producing ...... ...... ............. ..... ... ... .......... ... . Manufacturing .............................. . ............... ........... . Service-producing ........... ........................................... ... .. Services .......................................... .......... ............... . Health services ..... ...... ..... ... ..................................... Hospitals ...................... .. Educational services .................. .. ......... ... 3 Public administration Nonmanufacturing .... ......................................... . 158.7 159.1 162.2 163.2 163.1 165.7 161 .6 160.2 161 .7 169.2 160.5 162.8 163.9 164.5 167.6 162.8 161.7 162.4 163.1 164.0 165.0 165.3 166.4 169.9 163.6 163.4 164.5 164.6 165.4 166.2 166.3 167.6 170.8 164.2 164.3 165.8 165.8 166.5 168.2 168.5 169.3 173.1 166.9 167.3 167.8 166.8 167.1 169.1 169.5 170.7 174.8 167.6 168.1 168.6 170.4 171 .7 170.8 171 .2 173.0 176.8 168.5 170.1 170.4 171 .9 173.2 172.3 172.3 174.4 178.2 168.9 171.4 171 .8 173.4 174.9 174.0 174.5 176.7 180.5 171.8 174.1 173.5 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.0 4.6 5.0 3.4 3.6 4.4 4.3 2.9 4.1 3.4 Private industry workers Excluding sales occupations ....... . 161 .6 161 .6 162.3 162.4 165.0 165.1 166.4 166.6 168.1 168.1 168.8 169.0 171.4 171 .6 173.0 173.2 174.4 174.6 .8 .9 3.7 3.9 164.6 165.3 163.6 167.0 161 .6 165.6 156.3 156.9 155.4 151 .0 161.4 165.2 165.9 164.4 167.2 161 .9 166.7 157.3 157.8 156. 7 151 .8 162.9 168.1 169.1 166.5 172.1 163.5 169.0 159.7 160.0 159.9 153.2 164.9 169.4 170.4 167.7 173.1 165.1 170.9 161.4 162.0 161 .1 155.1 166.8 171.2 172.1 169.4 175.0 167.2 172.3 162.8 163.1 162.6 156.7 168.6 172.0 173.0 170.5 175.9 167.1 173.2 163.6 164.2 163.2 156.9 169.5 174.2 175.3 173.4 176.8 169.2 176.1 166.9 167.1 168.7 158.5 171 .7 175.7 176.7 174.7 178.1 171 .2 178.1 168.8 169.1 170.5 160.6 173.2 177.3 178.3 176.8 179.2 173.1 179.4 170.1 170.2 172.2 161.8 174.3 .8 .9 .9 1.2 .6 1.1 .7 .8 .7 1.0 .7 3.6 3.6 4.4 2.4 3.5 4.1 4.5 4.4 5.9 3.3 3.4 1.0 3.8 1.0 3.5 4.0 2.4 4.1 4.4 3.5 Workers, by occupational group: White-collar workers ... ............. ........................... . Professional specialty and technical. ............... .. Executive, adminitrative, and managerial ...... .. . Administrative support, including clerical ............ . Blue-collar workers.. ............. .. ...... ........... .. ..... . Service occupations ............................................... .......... . Workers, by occupational group: White-collar workers......................... Excluding sales occupations ................... Professional specialty and technical occupations ...... Executive, adminitrative, and managerial occupations.. Sales occupations ................ Administrative support occupations, including clerical.. Blue-collar workers.. ... ........................ Precision production, craft, and repair occupations... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.. ..... Transportation and material moving occupations...... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.... 1.4 .6 .8 .8 .9 Service occupations 159.0 159.8 161 .7 162.6 163.8 164.3 166.9 168.2 168.9 .6 3.1 Production and nonsupervisory occupations 4 . 159.7 160.5 162.6 164.1 165.7 166.6 169.3 171.0 172.4 .4 4.0 Workers, by industry division : Goods-producing. . ... ..................................... Excluding sales occupations ........ .......................... .. White-collar occupations... . .. ........................... .. Excluding sales occupations .............................. .. ... Blue-collar occupations. .. ................ .. ... ... ............... . Construction ............................................ . ..... .............. . Manufacturing. .. .. ........... .............. ............... ... ...... . White-collar occupations.. ... .. .. .................... .. Excluding sales occupations... .. .................... .. Blue-collar occupations... .. ... .. .. ...................... ....... . Durables ...... .. ...... ............................ . Nondurables ............ .. 158.6 157.9 162.9 161 .1 155.9 156.3 159.1 162.2 159.6 156.7 158.9 159.2 160.1 159.2 164.3 162.3 157.3 157.9 160.5 163.3 160.7 158.3 160.6 160.3 163.0 162.4 167.8 166.3 159.9 159.1 164.0 167.1 165.1 161 .6 164.4 163.1 164.5 163.8 169.2 167.5 161.5 161 .1 165.4 168.7 166.4 162.8 165.5 164.9 165.7 165.0 170.1 168.5 162.9 162.3 166.5 169.5 167.4 164.1 166.6 166.0 166.5 165.9 170.5 169.2 163.9 . 163.3 167.1 169.6 167.8 165.1 167.3 166.6 170.3 169.8 173.5 172.2 168.1 164.6 171.7 173.2 171.3 170.4 172.4 170.4 171.8 171 .2 174.7 173.3 169.8 165.9 173.2 174.6 172.6 172.0 174.0 171 .7 173.3 172.5 176.4 174.5 171 .3 167.0 174.9 176.4 174.1 173.7 175.8 173.1 .8 .9 .8 1.0 .7 .9 .7 1.0 .9 1.0 1.0 .8 4.6 4.5 3.3 3.6 5.2 2.9 5.0 4.1 4.0 5.9 5.5 4.3 Service-producing ..... . Excluding sales occupations ... . White-collar occupations .............................. . Excluding sales occupations ............... ... .. . Blue-collar occupations ............................... .. Service occupations ................... . Transportation and public utilities .. ............... .. ............ .. Transportation ...... .............. .. ............... .. ........... Public utilities.. . .. .............................................. . Communications .. ...... ........... ........................... ..... ..... Electric, gas, and sanitary services ......................... .. Wholesale and retail trade . ..... ... .................. .... ............ . Excluding sales occupations ........ . Wholesale trade ........... ................ .. ............... .. Excluding sales occupations ......................... . Retail trade .... .. .. .. ......... .... .................... .. .. . General merchandise stores Food stores .............. .. 162.7 163.5 164.7 166.5 156.6 158.5 160.8 155.4 168.2 169.0 167.2 159.6 160.3 165.9 166.1 156.0 156.1 156.3 163.1 164.0 165.1 167.0 156.9 159.3 161.7 156.1 169.2 170.1 168.1 159.7 160.4 166.7 167.2 155.8 155.1 156.3 165.6 166.6 167.9 169.9 158.7 161 .1 163.2 157.8 170.5 171.3 169.5 161 .3 161 .8 169.5 168.4 156.6 156.4 157.5 167.0 168.0 169.2 171 .3 160.8 162.0 165.4 158.9 174.2 175.5 172.6 162.5 162.7 171 .3 169.9 157.4 159.2 158.6 168.8 169.7 171.2 173.1 162.2 163.2 166.5 159.4 176.4 178.4 173.8 164.3 165.0 172.0 171 .2 159.9 161 .2 159.3 169.7 170.6 172.0 174.2 162.6 164.3 167.0 159.6 177.0 179.0 174.6 165.0 165.9 172.0 171 .3 161 .0 165.6 160.3 171.6 172.5 174.1 176.2 164.1 166.1 169.8 162.0 180.4 182.2 178.2 166.3 167.4 173.8 173.7 162.1 165.8 162.1 173.3 174.2 175.7 177.8 166.4 167.4 172.5 164.7 183.1 183.6 182.4 168.1 168.6 175.9 174.0 163.7 166.2 163.5 174.7 175.6 177.3 179.4 167.4 168.1 173.6 166.2 183.6 183.6 183.3 169.1 169.6 177.8 175.3 164.2 168.8 163.5 .8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.0 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.0 5.5 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.4 2.7 4.7 2.6 See footnotes at end of table. 88 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 .8 .9 .9 .6 .4 .6 .9 .3 .1 .5 .6 .6 1.1 .7 .3 1.6 .0 1 30. Continued-Employment Cost Index, compensation, by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100) Sept. Series Dec. Mar. June Percent change 2004 2003 2002 Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. 3 months 12 months ended ended Sept. 2004 Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 168.0 168.5 176.7 178.3 180.2 180.9 182.5 183.6 184.8 0.7 2.6 Excluding sales occupations .. Banking, savings and loan, and other credit agencies. ......... .. ... ... ... .' . .. ... ... ............ .. ..... Insurance .... Services .............. . ....... .. ... ... ...... ............ .. ..... .... Business services .. .. ... .. ..... .. ... ... .... ..... ... . .... .. ...... Health services .. . . . ... . .. ......... ..... .... .. . . . .. .... ....... ...... Hospitals ..... ......... ........... .. .. ..... . . . . . . . . .. . ....... Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ....... Colleges and universities .............. ..... ........... ..... 172.1 184.6 167.1 164.9 167.2 163.2 166.2 173.5 172 .0 173.1 185.3 167.9 165.4 167.5 164.4 168.1 175.2 173.7 182.0 204.3 172.1 167.1 168.5 166.5 170.8 176.3 174.5 184.0 1,853.0 207.6 206.3 175.1 173.9 170.4 168.4 171 .9 169.2 169.4 167.9 173.9 171 .9 180.2 177.1 178.4 175.4 186.1 209.0 176.2 171.4 172.6 170.8 175.9 181 3 179.4 186.6 207.2 177.8 173.5 174.8 173.3 178.1 1831 181 .2 188.7 208.9 180.5 175.1 176.9 174.8 179.7 184.2 182.5 190.9 210.5 182.1 176.9 178.5 177.0 181 .8 187.0 185.2 .7 .8 .9 1.0 .9 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.4 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.5 3.8 3.8 162 .0 162.5 164.9 166.4 168.1 169.0 170.9 172.5 173.9 .8 3.5 164.8 1666 155.4 158.4 165.3 167.1 155.9 159.2 168.0 170.0 157.5 161.1 169.3 171.4 159.7 162.0 171 .2 173.2 161 .1 163.2 172.1 174.2 161 .7 162.4 174.1 176.2 163.4 166.0 175.7 177.7 165.5 167.3 177.2 179.3 166.4 168.0 .9 .9 .5 .4 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 160.1 161.5 162.6 163.2 165.9 166.8 168.0 168.7 171.5 1.7 3.4 159.3 158.1 162 .3 161 .0 158.4 160.7 159.4 163.8 162.4 159.8 161 .7 160.2 165.3 163.8 161 .3 162.2 160.8 165.7 164.4 161 .7 164.9 163.4 1680 167.9 163.6 165.7 164.1 169.1 168.5 165.2 166.8 165.1 170.1 170.4 166.7 167.5 165.6 171 .0 171 .8 167.5 170.0 168.4 172.1 174.3 169.9 1.5 1.7 .6 1.5 1.4 3.1 3.1 2.4 3.8 3.9 159.7 161 .0 160.9 162.8 162.3 164.9 166.8 165.7 168.2 166.5 169.4 166.8 170.1 2.9 3.7 165.5 166.2 160.3 160.7 158.8 165.8 161 .7 169.5 170.3 164.3 164.7 163.0 169.2 167.3 171.0 171.4 165.0 165.3 163.7 170.0 168.1 172.2 172.4 165.7 166.0 164.4 170.7 170.1 172.9 173.2 165.9 166.3 164.6 171 .0 171.4 169.7 173.0 175.7 176.3 168.8 169.2 168.0 172.4 174.1 1.7 1.7 163.5 164.1 159.2 159.6 157.7 164.7 160.2 161 .8 164.0 166.4 167.0 161 .1 161 .4 159.4 167.0 163.4 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.1 .8 1.6 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.7 3.1 1.9 4.1 Nonmanufacturing .... ........... . ... .. ... . . . .. .. Wh ite-collar workers ..... ... .... .... . .. ...... .... Excluding sales occupations ...... ....... ... .. .... Blue-collar occupations . .... .... . .. . . . .. . . . . .. ... .. Service occupations ........ ....... .......... ...... .. .... .. State and local government workers ................................... Workers, by occupational group: White-collar workers .. ··· ···· ······· ·· ···· ····· ··· ···· ··· Professional specialty and technical.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... Executive, administrative, and managerial . ··· ·· ······· Adm inistrative support, including clerical. . .... ...... .. ....... Blue-collar workers ............................... Workers, by industry division : Services .............................. , ............... ........... ....... .... 5 Services excluding schools Health services .. ...... ...................... .... ........ Hospitals ........ . . . . . ........ ... .. . ........ .. ... ... .... ....... Educational services ......... .. .. .. .. ·· ··· ·········· ·· ··· .. .. Schools ............ ........................... .... . ................. Elementary and secondary ... .... ........ ..... .. .. Colleges and universities , ............ .............. . Publ ic administration 1 3 Cost (cents per hour worked) measured in the Employment Cost Index consists of wages, salaries, and employer cost of employee benefits . 2 Consists of private industry workers (excluding farm and household workers) and State and local government (excluding Federal Government) workers. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 164.2 166.7 167.3 161 .7 162 .0 160.0 167.5 164.3 3 Consists of legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities. This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly Earnings index, which was discontinued in January 1989. 4 5 Includes, for example, library, social, and health services . Monthly Labor Review January 2005 89 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 31. Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100] 2002 2003 2004 Percent change 3 months Series Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. June 12 months Sept. ,___e_n_d_e_d_~ _e_n_d_e_d__ Sept. 2004 Civilian workers 1 157.2 157.8 159.3 160.3 161 .8 162.3 163.3 164.3 165.7 0.9 2.4 Workers, by occupational group: White-collar workers ...... ... ..... ..... ... ... .. ... ... .. ....... .... ..... ... Professional specialty and technical ..... .. .......... .. .. . Executive, adminitrative, and managerial. ...... . Administrative support, including clerical .... .. ...... .... ...... . Blue-collar workers ................................... . Service occupations .... .. .... .... ... ..... ............... ... ... .. ........ ... .. 159.6 158.0 163.5 159.6 151.9 ' 56.2 160.1 158.6 163.8 160.6 152.6 156.9 161.9 159.3 167.9 161 .8 153.8 158.0 162.9 160.1 169.0 163.1 154.8 158.7 164.5 161.8 170.5 164.3 155.8 159.8 165.1 162.5 171 .2 164.9 156.3 160.6 166.1 163.8 171.4 166.3 157.3 161 .2 167.1 164.4 172.4 167. 5 158.4 161 .9 168.7 166.5 173.4 168.8 159.7 162.8 1.0 1.3 .6 .8 .8 .6 2 .6 2. 9 1.7 2.7 2 .5 1.9 Workers, by industry division : Goods-producing ..... ... ..... ... ....... .... ... .... .. .. ... ...... ......... . Manufacturing ............. ................. ...... ..... .. ... ......... .... . Service-producing .............. ..... ............ ... ...... ....... ......... . Services ...... ..... ... .. .... ...... ...................... ......... .... .. ......... .. . Health services .... .... ............... .. .. ......... .................. ...... .. . Hospitals ...................... .. ... ... ... .. ........ ..................... ... ... Educational services ... ..... ..... .......... ...... ..... .... ............... . 153.9 155.4 156.4 160.7 159.6 160.3 159.3 155.1 156.5 158.8 161.1 160.9 162.2 160.1 156.3 158.0 160.5 161 .9 162.0 163.5 160.4 157.5 159.0 161 .4 162.8 163.2 164.4 160.7 158.3 159.7 163.0 164.7 164.7 166.3 162.7 160.6 160.1 163.6 165.4 165.9 167.7 163.2 159.9 161 .3 164.6 166.5 167.7 169.0 163.6 161 .0 162.4 165.5 167.4 168.6 169.9 163.8 162.3 163.8 167.0 167.3 170.8 171 .8 166.0 .8 1.3 1.1 1.3 2. 5 2.6 2.5 2. 8 3.7 3.3 2 .0 Public administration Nonmanufacturing .. ... .. ... ....................... .................... ........ . 154.8 157.5 155.8 158.0 157.2 159.6 158.0 160.5 159.4 162.1 160.0 162.7 161 .1 163.7 161 .4 164.6 162.6 166.0 .7 .9 2 .0 2 .4 Private Industry workers ................ .. .. ... ... .... ............. .. Excluding sales occupations ....... ..... ..... ... ..... .. .... .. ... .... .. 157.0 157.0 157.5 157.9 159.3 159.4 160.4 160.5 161 .7 161 .7 162.3 162.4 163.4 163.5 164.5 164.5 165.9 165.8 .9 .8 2 .6 2. 5 Workers, by occupational group: White-collar workers .... .. ... ..... .. ............ ... .. .... ............. ...... . Excluding sales occupations .. ................................ .. Professional specialty and technical occupations .. .... .. .. Executive, adminitrative, and managerial occupations .. Sales occupations .................... .... .... .. ... .. ... ... .. ...... .. ... .. Administrative support occupations, including clerical .. . Blue-collar workers .... ...................... ........... ........ ............ . Precision production, craft, and repair occupations ...... .. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ....... .. Transportation and material moving occupations .. .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .... 160.0 169.8 158.2 164.3 156.9 160.3 151 .7 151 .8 152.0 146.3 156.0 160.4 160.8 158.5 164.5 156.8 161 .3 152.4 152.3 153.2 146.9 157.2 162.6 163.6 159.5 169.1 158.1 162.6 153.6 153.4 154.7 147.8 158.4 163.8 164.8 160.5 170.3 159.3 164.0 154.6 154.7 155.3 149.0 159.0 165.3 166.2 162.1 171 .8 161 .6 165.1 155.6 155.5 156.8 149.8 159.9 165.9 167.0 163.0 172.5 161 .1 165.7 156.1 156.2 156.9 149.8 160.6 167.1 168.1 164.7 172.7 162.6 167.2 157.2 157.1 158.6 150.4 161 .8 168.2 169.2 165.5 173.9 163.9 168.6 158.3 158.3 159.8 151 .8 162.7 169.7 170.6 167.6 174.9 165.9 169.7 159.5 159.3 161.6 152.9 163.6 .8 1.3 .6 1.2 .7 .8 .6 1.1 .7 .6 ..... . ........................................ . 2 Service occupations .... .. .... ........... ....... .. ................ . Production and nonsupervisory occupations3 Workers, by industry division : Goods-producing ................. ................... .... .... .. .. Excluding sales occupations ... ..... ................ .... .... ... .. White-collar occupations ....... .. ... .... .. ... ................ .. .. .... . Excluding sales occupations................ .. ... ..... ..... .. .. Blue-collar occupations .......... ..... .... ............ ... ... .... ...... . Construction ... ............................ .. .... ..... .. .... .......... ...... .. . Manufacturing ... ... .... ..... ... .. ... ........ .... .......................... .. . White-collar occupations ........ .. .... .......................... .... .. Excluding sales occupations ... ........ ........ .. ... ............ . Blue-collar occupations ... .............. .. .. .... ... ... ..... ........... . Durables ... .......................... .. ...... ..... .... ... .... .. Nondurables ...................... .. ....... ...... .. ... ....... .. ........... . .9 .9 1.1 .9 2 .7 2 .6 3.4 1.8 2 .7 2 .8 2 .5 2.4 3.1 2. 1 2 .3 153.9 154.4 155.5 156.1 157.1 157.8 158.4 159.3 159.8 .3 1.7 154.7 155.2 156.4 157.4 158.8 159.4 160.7 161 .7 163.1 .9 2.7 153.9 153.0 157.9 155.4 151 .5 149.0 155.4 157.7 155.0 153.5 156.0 154.4 155.0 154.0 158.6 156.3 152.6 150.2 156.5 158.6 155.9 154.7 157.3 155.2 156.3 155.4 160.0 158.0 153.8 150.6 158.0 160.1 157.7 156.3 158.8 156.6 157.4 156.5 161 .4 159.2 154.8 152.4 159.0 161 .6 158.9 156.9 159.7 157.8 158.3 157.4 161 .9 159.9 155.9 153.6 159.7 162.0 159.5 157.9 160.6 158.3 158.7 158.0 162.1 160.4 156.4 154.0 160.1 162.1 160.0 158.5 160.9 158.7 159.9 159.2 163.2 161.5 157.7 155.1 161 .3 163.3 161 .2 159.8 161 .9 160.4 160.9 160.2 164.5 162.7 158.6 155.9 162.4 164.7 162.5 160.6 162.9 161 .6 162.3 161.2 166.0 163.6 159.8 157.1 163.8 166.1 163.5 162.1 164.5 162.8 .9 .6 2. 5 2.4 2 .5 2 .3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2 .5 2.5 2. 7 2 .4 2.8 .9 .6 .8 .8 .9 .9 .6 .9 1.0 .7 Service-producing ... .. ... ................................................. . 158.4 158.6 160.6 161 .7 163.3 163.9 165.0 166.1 167.5 .8 2. 6 Excluding sales occupations .............. ......... .... .. 159.3 159.6 161 .7 162.8 164.2 165.0 166.0 167.1 168.5 .8 2 .6 White-collar occupations ... ... .. ..... .... ... ... ..... .. .... ... ..... ... . 160.5 160.7 163.0 164.1 166.0 166.6 167.8 168.9 170.4 .9 2. 7 Excluding sales occupations ... .. .. ... .. .... ....... ... ....... ... . 162.5 162.8 165.3 166.5 168.2 169.0 170.2 171 .2 172.8 .9 2. 7 Blue-collar occupations ...... .... ............ .... .. ................... . 151 .8 152.0 153.2 154.3 155.1 155.4 156.2 157.8 158.9 .7 2 .5 Service occupations.. .. .. ....... .. ......... .. . 153.5 154.1 155.1 155.6 156.6 157.4 158.0 158.8 159.4 .4 1.8 Transportation and public utilities .......... ... .................. .. . 153.4 154.1 154.8 155.6 156.0 156.5 157.6 159.1 160.4 .8 2 .8 Transportation ..... ...... ......... ... ... ...... ... ... ........ . 149.6 150.1 150.5 150.6 150.4 150.8 151 .7 153.4 155.0 1.0 3.1 Public utilities .......... .... ..... .. ... ....................................... . 158.2 159.3 160.4 162.1 163.4 164.1 165.3 166.4 167.5 .7 2 .5 Communications ............ ............ .... ..... .... ... .. ............. . 159.6 160.7 161 .9 163.4 165.4 165.9 167.0 167.5 168.8 .8 2 .1 Electric, gas, and sanitary services .......... ............. . 156.5 157.4 158.6 160.4 161 .0 161 .8 163.3 165.1 165.9 .5 3.0 Wholesale and retail trade ........................ .. .. ........... .... .. 155.5 155.5 156.7 157.5 159.2 159.5 160.3 161 .6 162.5 .6 2. 1 Wholesale trade ...... ............ .......... .. ......................... . 160.4 161 .0 163.4 164.7 164.8 165.3 166.2 167.8 169.7 1.1 3.0 Excluding sales occupations .......... .......... ... ............. . 163.7 162.6 163.9 165.2 165.7 166.3 167.8 167.6 168.6 .6 1.8 Retail trade .. .... .. ... ... .... .. ............. ..................... .... ........ . 152.9 152.7 153.1 153.8 156.3 156.5 157.3 158.4 158.7 .2 1.5 General merchandise stores .......... ... ..... .. ... ..... ...... .. 150.1 149.2 149.8 153.1 152.0 153.6 154.1 157.5 154.9 1.7 2 .9 Food stores .. ....... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ........... ..... ... ............. .. 150.1 150.3 151 .0 151 .6 152.2 153.8 152.8 154.3 154.5 .1 1.5 See footnotes at end of table. ~ - - ~ - - ~ - - ~ - - ~ - -~ - - ~ ~ - - ~ - - ~ - - ~ - - - - ~ - - - - - 90 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 31. Continued-Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100) Percent change 2004 2003 2002 3 months 12 months ended ended Series Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Sept. 2004 Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ ....... .. Excluding sales occupations .. ....... .... ...... ........ .... .... Banking, savings and loan, and other credit agencies. Insurance ...... .... ...... ............ , .... , ....................... .... .. .... Services ..... .. .. ..... .... ... ... .... .. ...... ... ................ .. ...... . ····· Business services ... .. .................... ....................... Health services .. .. ............... ....... ...... ........ ............... ....... .......... ..... ... ... ..... . ..... Hospitals .... ..... . ..... .................................... ... .... Educational services ... Colleges and universities ... ......... .. . .... .. ... . . .. .. 162.4 166.1 182.7 159.6 161.5 164.6 159.9 160.2 165.2 163.1 162.6 167.3 183.9 159.1 161 .7 164.8 160.7 162.1 166.5 164.3 171 .1 176.7 206.4 161.6 162.8 165.6 161 .9 163.6 167.1 164.4 172.4 178.5 208.7 163.0 164.0 166.4 163.2 164.6 167.5 165.1 174.1 179.2 209.1 163.9 165.9 169.1 164.6 166.5 170.3 167.6 174.5 210.2 164.5 164.5 166.7 169.8 135.8 167.9 171 .0 168.4 175.2 179.2 206.7 165.1 168.1 171 .0 167.8 169.4 171 .9 169.5 175.3 180.5 207.6 167.2 169.3 172.7 168.8 170.5 172.6 170.0 176.5 181.8 209.5 168.9 171 .1 174.3 170.9 172.4 175.5 172.9 0.7 .7 .9 1.0 1.1 .9 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 .2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.2 Nonmanufacturing .. ...... .... .. ...... ........ ... ..... ........ .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .... ... ... White-collar workers .... Excluding sales occupations .. ........ ............. . .. ...... Blue-collar occupations ......... .... ... .. .. . . . . ... Service occupations ......... ...... .. ..... ... ............... 157.2 160.2 162.1 149.8 153.4 157.5 160.5 162.5 150.2 154.0 159.4 162.8 164.9 151 .1 155.0 160.5 163.9 166.1 152.4 155.5 162.1 165.7 167.7 153.4 156.5 162.6 166.3 168.5 153.8 157.3 163.7 167.5 169.7 154.7 157.9 164.8 168.6 170.7 156.1 158.7 166.2 170.1 172.3 157.1 159.2 .8 .9 .9 .6 .3 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.4 1.7 State and local government workers ............................... 160.1 161.5 162.6 163.2 165.9 166.8 168.0 168.7 171.5 1.0 2.0 Workers, by occupational group: .... ....... .......... ..... White-collar workers ... .. Professional specialty and technical. . ..... .... ·· ····· ···· Executive, administrative, and managerial. . ... ....... ..... Administrative support, including clerical. ... Blue-collar workers .. .............. .. ....................... ................ 157.4 157.5 159.0 155.1 154.5 158.4 158.4 160.1 156.0 155.1 158.9 158.8 160.9 156.9 156.2 159.2 159.1 161 .0 157.2 156.5 161.0 161 .0 162.5 159.1 157.6 161 .5 161 .4 163.3 159.5 158.3 162.1 162.1 163.5 160.4 158.9 162.4 162.3 163.8 160.8 159.2 164.1 164.4 164.3 162.6 160.7 1.0 1.3 .3 1.1 .9 1.9 2.1 1.1 2.2 2.0 158.4 159.2 159.5 159.8 161 .6 162.1 162.6 162.7 164.8 1.3 2.0 159.1 160.5 160.6 158.1 158.3 157.4 160.7 160.3 162.2 162.5 158.9 159.0 158.1 161 .6 161.4 162.9 163.1 159.1 159.2 158.2 162.1 161 .8 163.5 163.8 159.3 159.5 158.5 162.1 163.2 165.1 165.5 161 .2 161.4 160.6 163.5 164.5 166.7 166.7 161 .6 161 .8 160.9 164.0 165.1 167.4 167.4 162.0 162.1 161 .3 164.3 165.6 167.8 167.9 162.1 162.3 161 .5 164.4 167.5 169.6 169.9 164.2 164.3 163.8 165.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 .6 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.2 154.8 155.8 157.2 158.0 159.4 160.0 161.1 161.4 162.6 .7 2.0 ...... Workers, by industry division: Services ...... .... . ......... .' . ... .. ... ... ...... ... . .... .. ..... .. .. .. 4 Services excluding schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' ... , .... .. .. .. .. ... ..... .. . ... Health services .. . Hospitals ... ... .. .. .. . ..... ....... ... . .. ... ... .. ...... .... ...... Educational services ........... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. . Schools. .......... .................... .......... ........ Elementary and secondary ... . ....... ..... ......... Colleges and universities .... . Public administration 2 ' Consists of private industry workers (excluding farm and household workers) and State and local government (excluding Federal Government) workers. 2 Consists of legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 3 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly Earnings index, which was discontinued in January 1989. 4 Includes, for example, library, social, and health services. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 91 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 32. Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry workers by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100) 2002 2003 2004 Percent change Series Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. 3 months 12 months ended ended Sept .2004 Private industry workers .... ........... ................ ....................... 173.1 174.6 179.6 182.0 184.3 185.8 192.2 195.3 196.9 0.8 6.8 .. .. ..... .. ... .. ... . ....... ............ 177.2 166.2 178.5 167.8 183.6 172.7 185.5 176.1 187.7 178.4 189.2 179.9 194.4 188.3 197.4 191.8 199.1 193.3 .9 .8 6.1 8.4 Workers, by industry division: Goods-producing .................. Service-producing ..... ...................... Manufacturing. ··· ······· ····· ······························· Nonmanufacturing .... ...... .............., .., ... ....... ...... ... .. .. 168.8 174.9 166.8 175.2 171 .0 175.9 168.9 176.3 178.0 179.9 176.9 180.3 180.2 182.3 179.0 182.8 182.3 184.7 181 .1 185.1 183.8 186.2 182.3 186.7 193.7 190.6 194.4 190.9 196.2 194.1 196.9 194.3 198.1 195.5 199.2 195.7 1.0 .7 1.2 .7 8.7 5.8 10.0 5.7 Workers, by occupational group: White-collar workers .................. Blue-collar workers ..... .. ...... 92 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 33. Employment Cost Index, private nonfarm workers by bargaining status, region, and area size [June 1989 = 100] Series Sept. Dec. Mar. June Percent change 2004 2003 2002 Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. 3 months 12 months ended ended Sept. 2004 COMPENSATION Workers, by bargaining status 1 Union .... ............... .... . Goods-producing .. Service-producing .. ... .. ... ..... ... .... . ..... .............. ........... .......... Manufacturing .... . Nonmanufacturing .. ..... ......... ... .... .. ....... ..................... ... ...... 158.1 156.2 159.9 155.9 158.8 159.5 157.8 161 .1 157.9 159.9 162.1 161.4 162.6 162.3 161.4 164.1 163.4 164.6 163.8 163.7 165.7 164.7 166.5 165.0 165.5 166.8 165.9 167.5 166.3 166.5 171.4 172.3 170.2 175.0 168.8 173.9 174.6 172.9 177.0 171.6 175.3 176.0 174.4 178.4 173.0 0.8 .8 .9 .8 .8 5.8 6.9 4.7 8.1 4.5 Nonunion ... ... ..... ... .. ....... .. ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... .. ..... ..... ....... ... ... . .......... ' ............... .•...... .... Goods-producing .. Service-producing .. ...... ...... .. .. ...... ..... .. .... .... .. Manufacturing .. . ... ... .... ... ... .. ..... .. .. ...... Nonmanufacturing 162.5 159.5 162.9 160.1 162.4 162.8 160.8 163.3 161 .3 162.9 165.4 163.6 165.9 164.5 165.4 166.8 164.9 167.2 165.8 166.7 168.4 166.1 169.0 166.9 168.5 169.1 166.7 169.8 167.3 139.3 171 .3 169.7 171 .6 170.6 171 .1 172.7 170.9 173.2 172.0 172.6 174.2 172.4 174.6 173.8 174.0 .9 .9 .8 1.0 .8 3.4 3.8 3.3 4.1 3.3 160.5 158.9 163.5 163.8 161 .3 159.0 164.6 165.0 163.8 160.6 169.0 167.3 165.2 161.6 170.4 169.5 166.9 163.2 171.7 171 .4 167.9 163.9 172.5 172.2 170.2 166.4 174.7 175.3 172.3 167.9 176.2 176.8 173.7 169.5 177.6 178.1 .8 1.0 .8 .7 4.1 3.9 3.4 3.9 161.8 160.0 162.5 169.8 165.2 163.5 166.6 165.0 168.3 166.1 169.1 166.9 171 .5 170.2 173.1 172.1 174.6 173.3 .9 .7 3.7 4.3 Union .. · · ······· ······· · Goods-producing Service-producing. . .... ... ...... ... ... .. Manufacturing ·· ·· ··· ···········"· ·· ······ ····"···· ······ ······ ·" ·· ·· ···· Nonmanufacturing ................ ......... .......... 151 .3 150.0 152.9 151 .6 151 .1 152.5 151.2 154.1 153.1 152.1 153.3 152.4 154.6 154.6 152.5 154.3 153.9 155.1 155.9 153.5 155.3 154.8 156.3 156.7 154.6 156.2 155.4 157.3 157.1 155.6 157.2 156.3 158.5 158.1 156.6 158.7 157.5 160.3 159.2 158.4 160.0 158.7 161.7 160.5 159.6 .8 .8 .9 .8 .8 3.0 2.5 3.5 2.4 3.2 ........ ... ... .... .... ..... ..... ..... . Nonunion .. ...... .. ..... .. . .. Goods-producing ... Service-producing .. ....... .. .... ...... ... ... ... .. Manufacturing ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .... ..... ..... .. .... ..... ..... .............. ....... ... ... .. ..... .. ... . .. ..... .... .... ...... ... ... .. Nonmanufacturing .. 158.1 155.5 158.9 156.8 158.1 158.5 156.6 159.0 157.8 158.3 160.4 157.8 161.2 159.3 160.4 161.5 158.9 162.3 160.2 161 .5 163.0 159.7 164.0 160.9 163.1 163.4 160.1 164.5 161.3 163.7 164.6 161.4 165.6 162.6 164.7 165.6 162.4 166.6 163.7 165.7 167.0 163.8 168.0 165.2 167.1 .8 .9 .8 .9 .8 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 155.1 154.7 159.2 159.3 155.7 154.6 160.2 160.1 157.3 155.3 164.1 161.3 158.4 156.1 165.0 163.1 160.0 157.4 166.1 164.7 160.9 157.9 166.5 165.2 162.0 159.1 166.9 166.8 163.6 160.1 167.7 167.9 164.9 161.6 169.2 169.1 .8 .9 .9 .7 3.1 2.7 1.9 2.7 157.4 153.8 157.9 154.8 159.6 156.8 160.7 158.0 162.2 158.9 162.7 159.5 163.8 160.8 164.9 162.1 163.3 162.1 .8 ,7 2.5 2.8 Workers, by region 1 ............ .......... Northeast South ... ···· ···· ·· ·· ··· ··· ···· ··· ····· ······· ·· Midwest (formerly North Central) .. ... .. . .. . .. ...... ... ' . . West Workers, by area size 1 Metropolitan areas ...... ... ... ... .... .. ... ... .......... Other areas ..... ...... ... ....... WAGES AND SALARIES Workers, by bargaining status Workers, by region 1 1 Northeast ...... ....... ....... ...... . .. .... ... South .. Midwest (formerly North Central) West .. Workers, by area size Metropolitan areas .. Other areas ...... ... .. .... .... .. ... ... 1 .................. ... Review The indexes are calculated differently from those for the occupation and industry groups. For a detailed description of the index calculation, see the Monthly Labor Technical Note, "Estimation procedures for the Employment Cost Index," May 1982. ' https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 93 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 34. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided benefit plans, and in selected features within plans, medium and large private establishments, selected years, 1980-97 Item 1980 Scope of survey (in OOO's) ..... Number of employees (in OOO's): With medical care ............. .... ..... ... ... .. . With life insurance ..... .................... ........ ..... .. . With defined benefit plan .......... ....... ........ ........ . Time-off plans Participants with: Paid lunch time ....... ........................... ... .. ........ . Average minutes per day ... ........................ .... . . Paid rest time .... ............ .. .. ......... ... .. ..... ......... . . Average minutes per day ................ ............... .. Paid funeral leave ... ..................... .... ..... .. .... .. .. . Average days per occurrence .. ........... .... ... ..... .. Paid holidays .... .................. ......... .... ............... . Average days per year .. ...... .... ... .................. .. . Paid personal leave ........................... . Average days per year .. ................ ... . Paid vacations .................................. . 1 Paid sick leave ............................... . . . . .. ........ . Unpaid maternity leave .................... ..... .... ... .. .. . Unpaid paternity leave ....... ....... ..... ................. .. Unpaid family leave ... .................................. ... . Insurance plans Participants in medical care plans .............. ......... .. Percent of participants with coverage for: Home health care .. ......... .. ........ ......... ...... ......... . Extended care facilities .... ....... ...... .. ............... . Physical exam .. .... .. .. ................................ . Percent of participants with employee contribution required for: Self coverage .................................... .. Average monthly contribution ........ .... .. ....... .... . Family coverage .................................. . ........ . Average monthly contribution ................ ..... ... . . Participants in life insurance plans .... ..... ...... .. Percent of participants with: Accidental death and dismemberment insurance ...... .. ......... .. ....................... ........ .... .. . Survivor income benefits ..... ........................... .. Retiree protection available .. ... ........................ .. Participants in long-term disability insurance plans .......................... Participants in sickness and accident insurance plans .... .................. . Participants in short-term disability plans 1982 1984 1986 1988 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 21 ,352 21,043 21,013 21 ,303 31 ,059 32,428 31,163 28,728 33,374 38,409 20,711 20,498 17,936 20,412 20,201 17,676 20,383 20,172 17,231 20,238 20,451 16,190 27,953 28,574 19,567 29,834 30,482 20,430 25,865 29,293 18,386 23,519 26,175 16,015 25,546 29,078 17,417 29,340 33,495 19,202 10 27 72 26 88 3.2 10 26 71 26 84 3.3 97 9 .2 8 30 67 28 80 3.3 92 10.2 29 68 26 83 3.0 91 9.4 80 3.3 89 9.1 81 3.7 89 9.3 22 3.1 21 3.3 21 3.1 22 3.3 20 3.5 10 9 9 75 25 76 25 26 73 26 99 99 99 10.0 9.8 10.0 11 29 72 26 85 3.2 96 9.4 24 3.8 23 3.6 25 3.7 24 3.3 99 10.1 20 9 100 99 99 100 98 97 96 97 96 95 62 67 67 70 69 33 16 68 37 18 67 37 26 65 60 53 58 56 84 93 97 97 97 95 90 92 83 82 77 76 58 62 46 62 8 66 70 18 76 79 28 75 80 28 81 80 30 86 82 42 78 73 56 85 78 63 26 27 46 51 36 $11 .93 58 $35.93 43 $12.80 63 $41.40 44 $19.29 64 $60.07 47 $25.31 66 $72.10 51 $26.60 69 $96.97 61 $31 .55 76 $107.42 67 $33.92 78 $118.33 69 $39.14 80 $130.07 96 96 96 96 92 94 94 91 87 87 69 72 74 71 7 42 71 6 44 77 7 64 78 8 49 76 64 72 10 59 41 37 74 6 33 40 43 47 48 42 45 40 41 42 43 54 51 51 49 46 43 45 44 53 55 5 1 Retirement plans Participants in defined benefit pension plans .. Percent of participants with: Normal retirement prior to age 65 ..... .. ..... . Early retirement available ............................... .. Ad hoc pension increase in last 5 years ..... . . Terminal earnings formula .................... . Benefit coordinated with Social Security ............ .. 84 84 82 76 63 63 59 56 52 50 55 52 45 64 98 35 57 62 59 98 26 53 45 63 97 47 54 56 62 62 97 22 64 63 55 98 58 97 98 7 56 54 52 95 6 61 48 52 96 4 58 51 52 95 10 56 49 60 45 48 48 49 55 57 33 36 41 44 43 54 55 Participants in defined contribution plans ...... .... ..... . Participants in plans with tax-deferred savings arrangements ..... .. ........... .. 55 Other benefits Employees eligible for: Flexible benefits plans ............................... . ..... .. Reimbursement accounts 2 . ... ..... . ... . .......... . Premium conversion clans. . .............. .. 1 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now includes only plans that specify either a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short- 2 5 9 10 12 12 13 5 12 23 36 52 38 5 32 7 fits at less than full pay. 2 Prior to 1995, reimbursement accounts included premium conversion plans, which specifically allow medical plan participants to pay required plan premiums with pretax dollars. Also, reimbursement accounts that were part of flexible benefit plans were terms disability now includes all insured , self-insured, and State-mandated plans available on a per-disability basis, as well as the unfunded per-disability plans previously reported as tabulated separately. sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, included only insured, self-insured, and State-mandated plans providing per-disability bane- NOTE: Dash indicates data not available. 94 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 35. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided benefit plans, and in selected features within plans, small private establishments and State and local governments, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 Small private establishments Item 1990 Scope of survey (in OOO's) .................... Number of employees (in OOO's) : With medical care .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .............. With life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ' .. . ' . .. ' .. ... . .. . . . . . . . With defined benefit plan ................... ... ... ... . .. Time-off plans Participants with : Paid lunch time . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......... .. ... ... Average minutes per day. ... .... ........... ........ Paid rest time . .. ..... ............ .. ... .. ....... . .. . .. ... . .. Average minutes per day ...... . .. .. .... .......... Paid funeral leave .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... Average days per occurrence ... . .. .. . . ... .. ... .. Paid holidays .. AveraQe days per year' ........ ....... . .. ... .. .. ...... Paid personal leave ............. .. ... . ... ... .. .. ..... Average days per year .. . .. ... .. ... ... ..... Paid vacations .. Paid sick leave 2 ..... ... ..... .. .... ...... .. . .. .. ... Unpaid leave .. . .... ....... .... .... .. ...... .... Unpaid paternity leave ································· ·· ·· Unpaid family leave ... 1992 1994 State and local governments 1996 1987 1992 1990 1994 32,466 34,360 35,910 39,816 10,321 12,972 12,466 12,907 22,402 20,778 6,493 24,396 21,990 7,559 23,536 21,955 5,480 25,599 24,635 5,883 9,599 8,773 9,599 12,064 11,415 11,675 11,219 11,095 10,845 11 ,1 92 11,194 11,708 8 37 48 27 47 2.9 84 9 37 49 26 50 3.0 82 - - - - 51 3.0 80 11 36 56 29 63 3.7 74 10 34 53 29 65 3.7 75 - 50 3.1 82 17 34 58 29 56 3.7 81 62 3.7 73 9.5 11 2.8 88 47 9.2 12 2.6 88 7.5 13 2.6 88 7.6 14 3.0 86 10.9 38 2.7 72 13.6 39 2.9 67 14 .2 38 2.9 67 11.5 38 3.0 66 53 50 50 97 95 95 94 17 8 18 7 51 33 59 44 - - 57 30 - - 48 - - - 47 - 93 - - Insurance plans Participants in medical care plans .. Percent of participants with coverage for: Home health care .. . . . . . . . . . ... . Extended care facilities .. ·· ··· ·· ··· ········· ... , ........ Physical exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. .... . . . 69 71 66 64 93 93 90 87 79 83 26 80 84 28 - - - - 76 78 36 82 79 36 87 84 47 84 81 55 Percent of participants with employee contribution required for: Self coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... ... .. ·••· Average monthly contribution ......... ... ... . ......... Family coverage .. .... .... .. ..... .. .. . . 42 $25 .13 67 47 $36.51 73 52 $40.97 76 52 $42 .63 75 35 $15 .74 71 43 $28 .97 72 47 $30.20 71 $109 .34 $150.54 $159 .63 $181 .53 $71 .89 38 $25 .53 65 $117 .59 $139 .23 $149 .70 64 64 61 62 85 88 89 87 78 1 19 76 1 25 79 2 20 77 1 13 67 1 55 67 1 45 74 1 46 64 2 46 19 23 20 22 31 27 28 30 Average monthly contribution ····· ·· ······ .. . ··· ···· Participants in life insurance plans .. Percent of participants with : Accidental death and dismemberment insurance .. •········ ···························· · · · ·· · · · · Survivor income benefits .. . · •·· Retiree protection available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . Participants in long-term disability insurance plans .. . ·•· ........................ ... ··· ···· · Participants in sickness and accident insurance plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Participants in short-term disability plans 2 ....... . ..... Retirement plans Participants in defined benefit pension plans . ······• Percent of participants with : Normal retirement prior to age 65 .. Early retirement available .. .............. Ad hoc pension increase in last 5 years .. ............ Terminal earnings formula .. Benefit coordinated with Social Security .. Participants in defined contribution plans ............. . . Participants in plans with tax-deferred savings arrangements .. 6 26 26 - 14 21 22 21 - - - 29 - - - - 20 22 15 15 93 90 87 91 54 95 7 58 49 50 95 4 54 46 - - 47 92 - - 92 90 33 100 18 89 88 16 100 8 92 89 10 100 10 92 87 13 99 49 - 53 44 31 33 34 38 9 9 9 9 17 24 23 28 28 45 45 24 Other benefits Employees eligible for: Flexible benefits plans . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .......... . ... ... . Reimbursement accounts 3 Premium conversion plans 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 8 14 19 12 5 31 50 64 7 Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, Methods used to calculate the average number of paid holidays were revised in 1994 to count partial days more precisely. Average holidays for 1994 are included only insured, self-insured, and State-mandated plans providing per- not comparable with those reported in 1990 and 1992. disability benefits at less than full pay. The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1996 survey. Paid sick 2 3 Prior to 1996, reimbursement accounts included premium conversion plans, which specifically allow medical plan participants to pay required plan leave now includes only plans that specify either a maximum number of days premiums with pretax dollars . Also, reimbursement accounts that were part of per year or unlimited days . Short-term disability now includes all insured, selfinsured, and State-mandated plans available on a per-disability basis, as well flexible benefit plans were tabulated separately. as the unfunded per-disability plans previously reported as sick leave . NOTE : Dash indicates data not available . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 95 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 36. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more Annual totals Measure 2002 2003 2003 Nov. 2004P Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Number of stoppages: Beginning in period ...... ............. .... .... In effect during period ...... .......... 20 14 15 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 Workers involved: Beginning in period (in thousands) .... In effect during period (in thousands). 46 47 129.2 130.5 8.0 76.7 .0 70.5 .0 61 .3 Days idle: Number (in thousands) ...................... 6,596 4,091.2 1,219.0 1,473.4 (2) .01 .05 .05 Percent of estimated workina time 1 .. 19 1 Apr. May June 1 1 0 1 2 2 66.5 2.2 2.2 .0 2.2 1,203 .9 1,146.5 44.0 .05 .05 (2) 1 Agricultural and government employees are included in the total employed and total working time; private household, forestry, and fishery employees are excluded. An 6.5 July Aug. 3 4 0 1 2 2 103.0 27.6 103.0 28.6 .0 1.6 3.7 3.7 26.4 204.0 94.0 3.2 52.5 (2) .01 (2) (2) .00 Monthly Labor Review, October 1968, pp.54-56. 2 Less than 0.005. explanation of the measurement of idleness as a percentage of the total time worked is found in "Total economy measures of strike idleness," 96 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 Sept. NOTE: Dash indicates data not available. P = preliminary. 2 Nov. Oct. - 1 3 3 - 4.5 10.0 2.0 6.5 16.1 16.1 57.0 300.0 107.7 (2) .01 (2) 37. Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group [1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Annual average Serles 2002 2003 2004 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Sept. Aug. Oct. Nov. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR ALL URBAN CONSUMERS 179.9 538.8 184.0 551 .1 184.5 552.7 184.3 552.1 185.2 554.9 186.2 557.9 187.4 561 .5 188.0 563.2 189.1 566.4 189.7 568.2 189.4 567.5 189.5 567.6 189.9 568.7 190.9 571 .9 191 .0 572.2 176.8 176.2 175.6 198.0 162.1 180.5 180.0 179.4 202.8 169.3 182.9 182.4 182.4 202 .5 179.3 184.7 180.0 184.1 202 .9 181 .1 184.3 183.8 184.0 203.9 179.9 184.5 184.1 184.0 204.4 179.7 184.9 184.4 184.3 204.8 179.5 185.0 184.5 184.1 205.5 179.2 186.5 186.1 186.6 206.1 181 .1 186.8 186.3 186.8 206.8 182.3 187.2 186.8 187.1 207.2 183.7 187.3 186.8 186.7 207.2 183.7 187.2 186.7 186.1 206.4 183.4 188.4 187.9 187.9 207.0 182.9 188.6 188.2 188.1 206.8 182.4 168.1 220.9 167.9 225.9 171 .2 227.5 173.0 232.4 172.4 232.4 172.1 229.7 171 .9 230.1 174.0 228.3 185.9 231 .7 188.8 226.7 187.7 224.5 184.9 224.0 181 .6 226.0 182.1 240.0 180.9 248.3 139.2 160.8 159.0 155.4 177.1 139.8 162.6 162.0 157.4 178.8 137.9 162.0 161 .7 157.3 177.9 139.3 163.0 161 .0 157.7 179.6 140.7 162.8 163.0 160.7 178.0 141.4 163.7 163.9 162.3 178.9 140.8 165.1 163.3 166.2 180.4 139.7 165.0 162.6 166.2 180.4 169.9 165.4 163.5 169.4 180.1 139.8 165.8 162.8 171 .3 180.5 140.5 166.0 163.8 171 .9 180.3 140.3 166.2 164.4 169.7 180.9 140.3 165.2 163.5 170.4 179.4 140.6 165.4 162.6 170.2 180.1 139.6 164.4 163.1 167.8 178.9 109.2 110.3 109.0 109.8 109.1 109.5 111 .7 110.5 110.8 110.9 109.4 111 .5 110.5 109.9 110.5 178.3 182.1 183.8 184.3 184.9 185.5 185.8 186.2 186.7 187.0 187.8 188.4 188.9 189.4 189.6 117.7 183.6 121 .3 187.2 122.7 188.6 122.9 188.7 123.9 189.4 124.0 189.9 124.1 190.8 124.7 191 .8 124.8 191 .7 124.8 192.4 125.1 192.2 125.4 192.5 125.9 193.4 126.8 193.6 126.7 194.0 180.3 208.1 184.8 213.1 185.1 214.2 185.1 213.1 186.3 215.2 187.0 216.0 187.9 2178 188.4 2184 188.9 218.7 190.3 219.2 190.9 220.0 191 .2 220.3 191 .0 220.2 191 .0 220.6 190.8 219.9 199.7 118.3 205.5 119.3 207.5 205.5 119.3 208.3 117.2 208 .8 120.0 209.2 128.1 209.7 210.2 128.2 210.7 129.1 211 .2 211 .9 212 .4 212 .8 129.1 132.2 127.2 128.0 213.2 121 .9 214.7 219.9 219.9 222 .6 222.9 223.3 223.9 224.3 224.7 225.1 130.6 225 .7 226.1 226.5 226.8 Tenants' and household ....... Fuels and utilities .. Fuels ··················· ····· ········-···· ·• ..... ... ···••· Fuel oil and other fuels .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Gas (piped) and electricity. Household furnishings and operations ..... 108.7 143.6 127.2 115.5 134.4 128.3 114.8 154.5 138.2 139.5 145.0 126.1 114.3 152.9 114.8 156.3 139.2 149.9 145.5 125.3 115.0 156.9 139.5 155.1 145.5 125.7 115.1 155.2 137.6 152.5 143.5 125.7 115.7 155.6 138.0 149.6 144.2 125.6 116.1 158.1 140.4 150.4 146.8 125.4 116.2 165.5 148.5 150.7 155.8 125.6 116.1 166.6 149.5 1511 156.9 125.2 116.3 167.7 135.7 134.8 142.6 124.9 114.8 154.5 138.7 139.1 145.0 124.7 116.6 166.7 149.3 161 .6 156.0 125.0 116.3 162.8 144.9 177.3 150.0 126.1 117.7 165.6 147.8 186.6 152.7 125.8 Apparel Men's and boys' apparel .......... .• ..... .•• .... .. •.. Women's and girls' apparel ........ .. .... .... 124.0 121 .7 115.8 120.9 118.0 113.1 123.1 121 .4 115.7 119.0 118.0 110.9 115.8 115.5 105.7 118.6 117.1 110.3 123.5 119.8 117.6 124.3 120.3 118.7 123.4 120.3 116.9 120.1 117.7 112.3 115.9 115.2 106.1 116.5 113.8 107 5 121 .2 116.2 114.4 124.1 118.3 119.2 123.0 118.9 116.8 126.4 122.1 123.0 119.2 117.7 119.3 121 .9 116.2 114.5 115.0 119.5 120.6 120.3 119.6 157.6 153.6 121 .0 155.7 151 .7 118.5 154.7 150.8 115.9 157.0 153.2 117.0 158.8 154.9 120.1 160.5 156.6 120.5 121 .0 161 .8 157.9 118.1 121 .4 152.9 148.8 120.3 165.2 161 .5 118.4 165.7 161 .9 115.1 164.0 160.0 117.3 162.9 159.1 121 .7 162.9 159.4 122.1 166.4 162.9 121 .8 167.2 163.6 ............ •· .. All items .. All items (1967 = 100) .. Food and beverages .. .... , ............ ............ . ...... ........ . ...... .... .... .. ···· ····· , Food .................................. ..... . ..... . . .... . . ... .. .. Food at home .................. ... ........ ....... ... ..... ... Cereals and bakery products ...... ... . .... ... .. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .. ....... ......... .... 1 Dairy and related products Fruits and vegetables .. Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . Other foods at home . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ........... .... Sugar and sweets . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Fats and oils .. Other foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 12 Other miscellaneous foods • Food away from home 1 12 Other food away from home • Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .... ... ...... ........ Shelter .. ········ • "' ·•·••· .. .. .. Rent of primary residence .. Lodging away from home .. ·· ••·· ......... Owners' equivalent rent of primary residence 3 .. 12 insurance • 1 Infants' and toddlers' apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' ........ Footwear. . ...... ... ······ .......... .. .. Transportation .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... Private transportation .... New and used motor vehicles2 New vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ····· •·· 1 Used cars and trucks Motor fuel. . ······· •· .... ...... Gasoline (all types) .. Motor vehicle parts and equipment .. Motor vehicle maintenance and repair .. Public transportation ... Medical care .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .... ... .. Medical care commodities .. ..... ....... .......... .. .... ........ .......... ..... ... Medical care services ... Professi onal services . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... ... Hospital and related services .. ... ........ ..... .. .. Recreation 2 12 Video and audio · 2 Education and communication 2 Education . Educational books and supplies .. ... Tuition, other school fees, and child care .. 12 Commun icat ion • 12 Information and information processing • 12 Telephone services • Information and information processing 1 other than teleohone services .4 Personal computers and peripheral 12 equipment • Other goods and services ... ··•··· ·· .......... Tobacco and smoking products ............ .. .... ..... Personal care 150.5 157.4 157.6 124.8 99.2 96.5 94.6 94.4 94.3 944 94.2 94.1 94.0 93.6 93.5 93.4 93.9 94 .3 95.2 140.0 137.9 137.5 138.0 138.0 138.3 137.9 137.4 137.2 135.9 134.9 134.9 135.9 137.9 152.0 116.6 116.0 106.9 190.2 207.4 142.9 135.8 135.1 107.8 195.6 209.3 132.0 131 .2 130.6 107.9 197.2 207.9 131 .0 127.8 127.2 107.8 198.0 205.6 130.8 136.7 136.1 108.0 198.2 206.3 131.0 143.1 142.5 108.0 198.2 208.1 131 .2 150.5 149.8 107.8 198.5 209.9 137.6 131 .3 155.9 155.3 107.9 198.6 211 .5 131 .8 170.5 169.8 107.9 199.0 210.7 130.6 173.3 172.7 108.2 199.7 212.3 132.1 165.2 164.5 108.8 200.3 214.4 133.8 162.0 161 .2 109.0 200.8 209.7 136.5 161 .2 160.5 109.3 200.7 205 .3 136.8 173.1 172.2 109.5 201 .7 206.5 136.7 171 .9 171 .0 109.9 202.9 208.6 285.6 256.4 292.9 253.9 367.8 297.1 262 .8 306.0 261 .2 3948 300.8 302 .1 265.0 311 .9 261.2 407.0 303.6 265.5 313.8 262 .5 409.7 306.0 264.0 310.6 263.0 405.6 266.7 316.6 268.0 412 .5 307.5 267.3 318.4 269.7 413.8 308.3 268.5 319.2 270.6 413.6 309.0 269.1 319.8 270.9 414.6 310.0 269.6 321 .0 271 .6 416.9 311 .0 269.9 322.3 272 .3 419.1 311 .6 270.0 323.1 273.3 418.8 312.3 270.9 323.7 273.3 420.3 313.3 271 .7 324.8 273.7 422 .5 314.1 271 .2 326.0 274.2 425.0 106.2 107.5 107.8 107.7 107.9 108.4 108.8 109.0 108.8 108.9 108.7 108.5 108.6 108.7 108.7 102.6 103.6 103.8 103.3 103.6 104.1 104.3 104.7 104.6 104.4 104.4 104.1 104.0 104.2 104.0 107.9 109.8 110.8 110.9 111 .1 111 .2 111 .1 110.9 110.6 110.8 110.9 111 .7 112.9 112.5 112.7 126.0 317.6 134.4 335.4 139.0 336 .0 139.4 342 .8 140.1 345.4 140.4 348.6 140.6 348.9 140.7 349.5 140.9 349.6 141 .6 350.6 142.1 3495 145.1 353.3 147.9 352 .8 148.3 353.8 148.4 354 .4 362 .1 92 .3 362 .1 89.7 401.2 88.2 401 .7 88.2 403.6 88.1 404.2 88 .1 404.7 877 404.9 87.4 405.6 86.9 407.6 86.8 409.4 86.5 418.3 86.1 427.4 86.2 428.2 85.5 428 .7 85.6 90.8 87 .8 86.2 86.2 86.1 86.1 85.7 85.4 84.8 84.7 84.5 84 .0 84 .1 83.4 83.5 99.7 98.3 97 .2 97 .2 97.0 97 .1 96.7 96.5 95.9 958 95.6 95.0 95.3 94 .6 94 .5 18.3 16.1 15.4 15.3 15.3 15.2 15.2 15.0 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.5 14.3 22 .2 17.6 16.3 16.2 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.9 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.1 15 0 14.6 14.2 293.2 461 .5 298 .7 469.0 300.0 469.1 300 .2 470.4 301.4 473.0 302.3 472.6 303.1 473.6 303.6 473.3 303.8 473.5 304.1 476.0 305.1 480.5 305 .5 481 .6 306 .3 482.9 306.8 482.3 307 .0 481 .7 174.7 178.0 179.0 179.0 179.7 180.4 180.9 181 .3 181 .4 181 .4 181 .7 181.9 182.3 182.8 83.0 1 154.7 153.5 153.2 153.4 153.8 154.5 154.5 154.5 154.6 153.8 153.4 152.8 153.5 154.0 153.8 1 188.4 193.2 194.2 194.3 194.6 195.2 195.8 196.1 196.6 196.9 197.5 198.9 199.1 199.4 200.0 1 Personal care products Personal care services 115.0 221 .9 See footnotes at end of table . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 97 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 37. Continued-Co nsumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city average, by expenditure categcrv and commodity or service group [1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated) Annual ave~age Serles 2002 . Miscellaneous personal services . . . . . . . . . Commodity and service group: Commodities .. ············· ······ ........ . ..... . . .. . .. . Food and beverages ...... ....... ............. Commodities less food and beverages .. Nondurables less food and beverages .. Apparel . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel .. ........... Durables . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... .. .. ..... 2003 2003 Nov. 2004 Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 274.4 283.5 287.0 287.1 288.8 290.4 291 .6 292 .7 293.1 293.6 294.4 295.2 295.9 296 .3 296.9 149.7 176.8 151 .2 180.5 152.3 184.5 134.2 156.0 186.5 155.8 186.8 115.8 151 .4 118.6 136.9 157.2 124.3 138.6 160.9 123.4 138.2 160.5 120.1 154.2 187.3 135.6 156.7 115.9 156.1 116.5 154.9 187.2 136.7 157.8 121.2 157.1 188.4 139.4 162.6 124.1 157.2 188.6 136.0 155.3 123.5 154.5 187.2 136.1 146.7 119.0 151 .1 184.3 132.6 148.4 154.3 185.0 134.5 149.7 120.9 150.4 184.1 131 ,7 153.7 184.9 134.2 145.1 124.0 150.9 182.9 132.9 149.0 123.1 139.4 162.0 123.0 162.2 190.6 114.7 190.2 115.3 . 121.4 171 .5 117.5 169.1 115.1 167.7 115.0 172.3 115.1 175.6 115.3 179.1 115.1 .... ········· .... . . .. . .. . 181.7 115.0 188.2 114.8 189.5 114.5 185.8 114,1 184.4 113.7 184.4 114.1 209.8 216.5 217.9 217.9 219.1 219.9 221 .0 221.5 221 .9 223.3 224.1 224.5 224.5 224.5 224.6 216.7 209.1 221 .9 216.3 246.4 254.4 223.0 218.6 257 .3 222 .9 217.7 257 .4 224.1 218.7 258.4 224.9 219.3 259.2 226.8 219.7 259.5 227.4 220.0 259.7 227.7 220.0 259.6 228.3 220.5 260.2 229.2 221 .6 260.5 229.4 220.8 261 .9 229.3 220.1 263.8 229.8 221 .4 263.7 229.0 222.8 264.2 All items less food .. ... .. ..... . ... ................ All items less shelter ... ....... ...... ...... , ... ... All items less medical care .. ..... ····· . .. ... Commodities less food ... ... ' ........ .... ... . . .. Nondurables less food .. ................. Nondurables less food and apparel. .. ....... ······ Nondurables .. . . . .' ....... .......' .' ...' ...... ....... 180.5 170.8 174.3 136.0 147.4 163.3 161 .1 184.7 174.6 178.1 136.5 184.9 174.9 178.5 135.0 151 .3 170.0 166.1 184.4 174.7 178.2 133.8 149.2 168.8 165.4 185.5 175.6 179.1 134.7 150.8 173.0 166.4 186.6 176.7 180.1 136.3 188.0 177.6 181 .3 138.0 189.6 179.6 182.9 140.6 189.9 179.5 183.2 137.7 190.4 180.1 183.6 138.8 157.5 179.4 158.8 185.6 172.2 159.9 184.4 Services less rent of shelter3 Services less medical care services . . . .' .... ...' .. Energy .. ........ ..... ............... All items less energy ..... ..... ..... ....... 189.0 174.0 158.2 184.3 170.3 162.8 187.7 174,1 190.3 180.2 183.5 140.3 162.4 189.9 179.6 183.2 138.2 153.7 176.1 168.1 188.6 178.2 181 .8 138.9 159.3 181 .7 171.4 171 .9 172.8 191 .4 181 .4 184.6 141 .1 164.2 190.0 175.8 191 .5 181 .9 184.7 141 .4 163.9 189.7 175.6 217.5 226.4 228.2 228 .4 229.7 230.6 230.7 231 .1 231 .7 234 .2 235.0 235.6 235.9 235.1 236.4 202.5 121 .7 187.7 208.7 136.5 209.9 133.1 191 .6 193.9 209 .9 131.8 191 .5 211 .0 137.4 191 .9 211 ,7 140.6 212 .7 143.1 213.6 154.1 192.7 194.9 139.3 193.7 196.1 140.3 194.3 196.5 140.2 215.0 159.7 194.4 196.6 215.8 156.3 194.5 196.6 216.2 155.3 194.7 196.8 216.1 154.3 195.2 197.4 216 .0 157.7 194.0 138.5 213.2 145.9 194.1 196.5 140.5 216.1 158.6 1196.0 198.1 139.4 138.2 138.1 139.4 140.5 140.6 156.3 229.4 170.1 229.6 172.8 230.2 165.1 231 .0 162.5 231 .4 162.0 231 .6 174.2 232.1 173.6 231 .9 185.0 551 .0 185.4 552.4 186.5 555.7 556.3 Services .... ..... ........ Rent of shelte? Transporatation services .. Other services .... ...... ..... . .... .. .. . ..... .. ..... ....... .... .. . ... ... ..... Special indexes: . . . . All items less food and energy . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy .. ........... ....... .... Energy commodities .. .. . Services less energy .. 151 .9 172.1 165.3 190.5 143.7 190.6 193.2 140.9 139.9 193.6 139.0 117.1 217.5 136.7 223.8 132.1 225.6 129.0 225 .5 138.2 226.6 144.6 227.5 151 .3 228.9 175.9 523.9 179.8 535.6 180.2 179.9 181 .9 541 .7 183.5 184.7 185.3 536.0 180.9 538.7 182.9 536.7 544.8 546.5 550.2 551 .9 184.9 550.8 176.1 176.5 182.4 183.8 183.3 183.2 203.8 179.9 184.4 184.5 186.0 188.1 183.8 183.5 204.9 179.6 183.9 183.3 205.5 179.1 185.6 185.8 206.0 181 .1 186.3 186.3 207.2 183.7 186.9 186.4 186.1 207.0 183.7 187.9 183.5 183.2 204.4 179.7 186.4 185.9 186.1 206.7 182.4 186.8 181 .9 181.6 202 .4 179.2 183.6 183.1 183.3 202 .4 181 .0 184.0 175.1 198.0 162.0 179.9 179.4 178.5 202.8 169.2 186.2 185.5 206.3 183.4 187.4 187.1 206.9 183.0 187.6 187.3 206.8 182.4 167.2 222.9 167.6 224.3 171 .0 225.3 172.7 229.7 172.2 229.7 171 .7 227.5 171 .3 227.8 173.6 225.5 186.1 228.9 189.0 224.3 187.8 222 .3 184.9 222 .2 181 .4 223.9 181 .8 238.0 180.8 246.4 138.6 160.4 158.8 155.3 177.6 139.1 162.2 161.6 157.4 179.2 137.3 161.6 161 .4 157.3 178.3 138.6 162.5 160.5 157.7 180.0 140.0 162.3 162.4 160.7 178.4 140.8 163.3 163.2 162.2 179.4 140.1 164.7 162.6 166.0 180.8 139.1 164.6 161.9 166.1 180.8 139.3 165.1 162.9 169.4 180.5 139.3 165.5 162.2 171 .4 180.8 139.8 165.6 162.9 172.0 180.7 139.6 165.8 163.8 169.9 181 .4 139.7 164.8 163.1 170.3 179.7 140.0 165.0 162.2 170.0 180.5 138.9 163.8 162.1 167.7 179.2 196.0 198.2 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS All items .. All items (1967 = 100) ..... .. .. .. ... . ..... ... ... Food and beverages .... .' .... . ... . ....... .... . Food .. ............... ......... ......... .. .. ..... .. ..... Food at home ...... .................' ..... .. .... ....... Cereals and bakery products .. ..... .. .... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........... ... ...... . Dairy and related products 1 Fruits and vegetables .. . . .. ... . .. ....... ........ ..... . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage .. . . . materials. ................ . .. ... .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foods at home ... .. ... ... ..... . .... ... . .. .. .. .. Sugar and sweets . ... ... ... . ..... .. .. . .. ......... ..... . Fats and oils .. .... . . . . . ... ..... ... .. . .... . .... . ....... Other foods .. ................ ....... .. .... . ' , Other miscellaneous Food away from home 12 foods · 109.7 110.8 109.5 110.3 109.6 110.1 112.2 111 .0 111 .2 111 .4 109.7 112.0 111 .0 110.3 111 .1 178.2 182.0 183.7 184.2 184.8 185.3 185.6 186.1 186.6 186.8 187.6 188.2 188.8 118.1 183.3 189.3 121 .5 187.1 189.5 122.9 188.8 123.1 188.9 123.6 189.5 123.8 190.0 123.8 191 .2 124.3 192.1 124.6 192.0 124.7 192.7 124.9 192.2 125.2 192.8 125.8 194.0 126.8 193.9 126.8 194.2 175.7 180.4 180.9 181 .0 182.1 182.6 183.2 183.6 186.2 186.6 201 .9 208.2 186.4 208 .2 209.2 209.8 211.0 211 .5 212 .2 213.0 213.4 186.5 213.4 186.2 206.9 184.1 211 .8 185.6 ........ ... . 213.8 213.4 199.0 204.7 206.6 207 .0 207.4 208.0 208.4 208.9 209.4 209.9 210.3 211 .0 211 .6 118.4 212 .0 119.8 212.4 116.2 113.4 118.5 121 .1 128.8 129.8 128.2 128.8 133.0 131 .6 127.7 195.1 128.3 121 .8 199.7 201 .4 201 .7 202.1 202 .3 202.7 203.1 203.6 203.9 204.2 204.7 205.1 205.5 205.8 108.7 142.9 126.1 114.7 153.9 137.0 138.7 144.1 114.4 152.3 134.7 114.9 155.6 138.0 149.6 144.7 115.1 156.2 138.3 154.5 144.7 115.2 154.7 136.6 116.0 155.1 137.0 116.4 157.4 148.9 143.5 116.5 165.0 147. 4 149.8 155.1 116.3 166.1 148.4 150.2 116.8 166.2 148.2 161 .1 116.5 161 .9 143.5 152.0 142.9 139.3 149.6 146.1 116.5 167.2 149.3 134.4 141 .9 114.4 153.0 135.4 136.2 142 .5 118.1 164.5 146.2 186.5 120.7 122.6 121 .1 120.4 118.7 117.8 121 .0 115.7 115.6 121 .4 118.3 117.4 121.4 122 .9 120.0 121 .3 123.8 120.6 121 .3 119.6 117.8 112.2 106.0 106.9 114.0 119.3 116.9 117.0 114.4 162.2 159.3 117.6 116.3 161 .4 158.6 122.3 120.4 161 .6 159.1 123.3 120.6 165.3 162.7 123.1 120.6 165.8 163.2 92.1 92 .2 92.3 93.3 94.0 12 home • Other food away from Alcoholic beverages .. Housing .. .. .. ... ... .... ................ ....... .. ... ... . .. . . Shelter ... .. ... ...... .............. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. Rent of primary residence . ...... 186.8 186.8 . . . . . . . . .. . LodQinA away from home 2 3 Owners' equivalent rent of primary residence Tenants' and household insurance 1·2 Fuels and utilities .. .. .. ... Fuels ... . . . . . . . . .. .. ..... .. ....... . Fuel oil and other fuels .. ..... . ... ..... Gas (piped) and electricity .. Household furnishings and operations .. Apparel . Men's and boys' apparel. . ' ... .. . . . . . .... .... .. . Women's and girls' apparel .. .. ................ 1 Infants' and toddlers' apparel Footwear .... ... .... ...... ....... .. Transportation ... ... .. . .. . . . . . .. .. . ... .. .. .. ... Private transportation .. .... ' ......... .•'. . New and used motor vehicles2 115.0 133.4 124.4 123.1 121 .7 114.6 121.9 120.0 117.5 112.1 115.3 110.5 105.5 109.8 117.4 118.4 121 .1 122.8 120.3 116.7 128.6 124.1 125.0 121 .4 120.1 122.2 125.2 123.4 120.9 121 .2 151 .8 149.0 119.1 156.3 153.5 120.4 153.6 115.6 154.9 152.2 116.4 156.8 154.0 118.6 158.5 119.6 159.9 150.8 117.8 152.5 149.7 155.7 157.1 119.0 163.6 160.9 118.8 117.0 164.0 161 .3 99.4 96.0 93.1 92 .8 92.7 92.8 92.6 92 .6 92 .5 92 .1 See footnotes at end of table. 98 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 156.2 156.8 156.8 120.7 115.6 115.2 120.4 115.9 113.3 155.3 177.2 149.1 120.6 120.6 115.6 121 .7 123.5 117.8 151 .7 121 .5 122.6 118.6 37. Continued-Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and aerical Workers: U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group [1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated) Annual average Series 2002 2003 2004 2003 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. May Apr. June July Sept. Aug. Oct. Nov. 141 .1 139.0 138.7 139.2 139.2 139.5 139.0 138.7 138.5 138.2 137.0 136.0 136.0 136.9 138.9 152.8 143.7 132.8 131.7 131 .6 131 .7 132.0 132.1 132.6 131.4 133.0 134.6 137.3 137.6 137.5 Motor fuel. ............................. ... .. ... ···· •· ........ Gasoline (all types) .... ....... ..... .... . . . . . . . . . ... . 117.0 136.1 131.5 128.1 137.1 143.6 150.9 156.5 171.1 173.8 165.6 162.4 161 .7 173.6 172.3 116.4 135.5 130.9 127.6 136.6 143.0 150.3 155.8 170.4 173.2 165.0 161 .7 161.0 172.9 171.6 Motor vehicle parts and equipment .... ... . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair .. 106.1 107.3 107.5 107.3 107.6 107.6 107.4 107.5 107.5 107.8 108.2 108.4 108.7 108.9 109.4 191 .7 197.3 198.9 199.8 199.9 200.1 200.3 200.4 200.8 201.5 202.1 202.7 202.7 203.8 204.9 ............... Medical care ..................... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ..... .. .... Medical care commodities .... .......... .. .... .. .. . ... Medical care services ... ···· ··· .... ................ ..... .. . 202.6 206.0 205.8 203.6 204.6 206.2 208.0 209.4 208.8 210.0 212.1 208.0 203.1 204.2 207.1 284.6 296.3 300.1 301.4 302.8 305.4 306.9 307.7 308.4 309.4 310.4 311.0 311 .7 312.7 313.6 251 .1 257.4 258.5 259.4 259.8 260.9 261.5 262.5 263.3 263.8 263.7 263.8 264.8 265.4 264.9 292.5 305.9 310.6 311 .9 313.8 316.8 318.6 319.4 320.0 321.2 322.4 323.2 323.9 325.0 326.3 Professional services · ·· ···· ·························· Hospital and related services ........ ... ........ 256.0 263.4 265.2 266.5 267.8 270.6 272.3 273.2 273.5 274.1 274.8 275.8 275.9 276.3 276.9 363.2 391.2 402.4 403.4 405.9 408.7 409.9 409.8 410.7 413.0 415.2 414.9 416.4 418.5 421.0 104.6 105.5 105.6 105.5 105.6 106.2 106.5 106.7 106.6 106.7 106.3 106.1 106.2 106.2 106.3 102.0 102.9 103.0 102.5 102.7 103.2 103.5 103.9 103.9 103.7 103.7 103.4 103.3 103.5 103.3 107.6 109.0 109.6 109.7 109.8 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.2 109.4 109.4 109.9 110.8 110.5 110.6 125.9 133.8 138.0 138.0 139.1 139.4 139.6 139.7 139.9 140.6 141.0 143.6 146.3 146.7 146.8 ....... ....... 318.5 336.5 337.5 343.8 346.1 349.5 349.9 350.4 350.4 351 .5 350.4 354.7 354.8 355.6 356.1 Tuition, other school fees, and child care ..... 354.8 377.3 390.2 390.7 392.8 393.3 393.8 394.1 394.6 396.7 398.1 405.8 414.0 415.2 415.6 93.7 91 .2 89.8 89.7 89.6 89.6 89.3 89.0 88 .. 4 88.4 88.1 87.6 87.8 87.1 87.2 92.7 89.9 88.4 88.3 88.2 88.2 87.9 87.5 87.0 86.9 86.7 86.2 86.3 85.6 85.7 99.9 98.5 97.4 97.4 97.2 97.3 96.9 96.7 96.1 96.1 95.8 95.2 95.5 94.8 95.1 19.0 16.7 15.9 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.5 15.4 15.4 15.3 15.3 15.2 15.0 14.9 New vehicles ..... ... ............ Used cars and trucks 1 ·············· . .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . Public transportation ...... ....... Recreation 2 12 audio · Video and Education and communication 2 . .. . .. . . .' ........ 2 Education Educational books and supplies .. Communication 12 · Information and information processing Telephone 12 · ... 12 services ' ... Information and information processing other than teleohone services l .4 Personal computers and peripheral 12 equipment ' Other goods and services .............. ........ .. ...... Tobacco and smoking products. ........... .. .... ... Personal care 1 Personal care products 1 .. . • · •· · 1 Personal care services Miscellaneous personal services. Commodity and service group: .. ... .. .. ............ . . . . .. ... . .. . ... ....... ..................... .... Commodities less food and beverages ............ Nondurables less food and beverages ........ ... Apparel. . .. ....... .................................... Commodities ...................... Food and beverages .. 21.8 17.3 16.0 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.5 15.6 15.4 15.2 15.0 14.9 14.8 14.3 13.9 302.0 307.0 307.7 308.1 309.3 310.0 310.8 311.3 311.5 311.8 313.2 313.5 314.4 314.7 314.9 463.2 470.5 470.2 471 .5 473.8 473.2 474.2 474.1 474.4 476.9 481 .6 482.6 483.9 483.0 482.5 174.1 177.0 177.7 177.8 177.4 179.1 179.7 180.1 180.2 180.0 180.3 180.5 180.9 181 .4 181.7 155.5 154.2 153.8 154. 2 154.3 155.0 155.0 155.1 155.1 154.3 153.9 153.1 154.0 154.3 154.3 189.1 193.9 194.8 194.9 195.1 195.7 196.3 196.6 197.1 197.5 198.1 199.5 199.7 199.9 200.6 274.0 283.3 286.7 286.6 288.4 290.2 291 .6 292.9 293.1 293.5 294.7 295.4 296.2 296.6 297.5 150.4 151.8 176.1 179.9 151 .3 182.4 150.7 183.6 151.5 183.8 152.7 184.0 154.1 184.4 154.8 184.5 156.7 186.0 156.6 186.4 155.2 186.8 154.9 186.9 155.7 186.8 158.0 187.9 158.1 188.1 135.5 135.8 133.8 132.5 133.5 135.2 137.0 138.0 140.0 139.6 137.5 137.1 138.2 141.0 141 .0 147.0 152.1 151.4 149.0 151 .0 154.3 158.4 160.5 164.7 164.4 160.4 159.5 161 .2 166.5 165.9 123.1 120.0 122.6 118.7 115.7 118.3 122.9 123.8 122.8 119.6 115.6 115.9 120.6 123.5 122.6 165.3 175.6 172.9 171 .6 176.5 180.2 184.1 187.0 194.5 196.0 191.8 190.2 190.1 196.9 196.5 121 .8 117.4 114.2 114.0 114.0 1142.0 114.0 113.9 113.9 113.5 113.2 113.1 113.7 114.3 114.8 205.9 212.6 214.1 214.2 215.3 216.0 216.7 217.1 217.6 219.0 219.7 220.2 220.3 220.0 220.4 Nondurables less food, beverages, .............. ........ ................ ............ ............................ .. .. .. .. ... Services ............ .................... ..... ................ and apparel. .... Durables 194.5 199.2 207.7 216.2 200.5 218.8 200.6 218.0 201.4 219.1 202.0 219.7 203.2 220.0 203.7 220.2 203.9 220.3 204.4 220.7 205.1 221 .6 205.5 221 .0 205.5 220.5 205.9 222.0 205.5 223.4 241 .6 248.5 250.7 250.9 251 .8 252.6 252.9 253.0 252.7 253.3 253.5 254.4 256.0 255.9 256.3 ······················· ····· ··· ···· .... ....... . . . . . . . . .. . . All items less medical care ... .......................... 175.8 179.7 179.7 179.2 180.2 181.4 182.6 183.2 184.4 185.0 184.5 184.5 185.1 186.2 186.4 168.3 171.9 171 .9 171.6 172.5 173.7 174.7 175.3 176.8 177.5 176.7 176.6 177.3 178.6 179.1 171 .1 174.8 175.0 174.7 175.6 176.6 177.6 178.2 179.4 180.0 179.6 179.6 180.0 181 .1 181 .3 ······· ..... .. .. .... Nondurables less food ...... ........... ........... ....... Nondurables less food and apparel. ................ Nondurables .............. .... .... .. ...... . . . . . . .. ..... . .... . 137.3 137.7 135.8 134.5 135.5 137.1 138.9 139.9 141.8 141.5 139.4 139.0 140.2 142.2 142.9 149.2 154.2 153.7 151.4 153.3 156.4 160.4 162.4 166.4 166.2 162.3 161 .5 163.2 168.2 167.6 166.1 175.9 173.6 172.1 176.9 180.2 184.0 186.6 193.5 194.8 191 .0 189.6 189.7 195.6 195.4 161.4 166.4 167.3 166.6 167.8 169.5 171 .8 173.0 175.9 175.9 174.0 173.6 174.5 177.7 177.5 Services less rent of shelter Services less medical care services .... ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . Energy .. All items less energy. ........ ········· ..... .. .... ... . . .. 193.1 201 .3 202.7 202.9 204.1 204.9 204.9 205.2 205.8 208.2 208.9 209.3 209.5 208.6 209.8 198.9 120.9 205.2 135.9 206.5 132.4 206.6 131.1 207.6 136.9 208.2 140.2 208.8 143.0 209.2 146.0 209.7 154.5 211.1 159.9 211.8 156.2 212.2 155.1 212.3 154.2 212.0 157.8 212.3 158.5 183.6 186.1 187.0 186.9 187.2 187.9 188.7 189.0 189.3 189.3 189.3 189.5 190.2 191 .0 191 .1 All items less food and energy ..... ....... .. ... .. ... Commodities less food and energy .... 185.6 187.9 188.4 188.0 188.3 189.1 190.1 190.4 190.4 190.3 190.3 190.5 191.4 192.1 192.2 144.4 141 .1 139.7 141.1 138.2 139.0 140.0 140.1 139.9 139.0 138.0 138.0 139.5 140.5 140.6 17.3 136.8 132.1 136.8 138.3 144.7 151.5 156.7 170.7 173.3 165.5 162.8 162.3 174.5 173.7 213.9 220.2 222.1 222.1 223.1 223.9 224.9 225.3 225.5 226.0 226.7 227.1 227.4 227.9 228.0 3 Rent of shelter Transporatation services . , ........ ... .... .......... Other services ........ .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. ... . .. ... ... Special indexes: All items less food ......... All items less shelter ..... Commodities less food .. 3 ............. ..... ............ Services less energy ......... .... ... . ........ Energy commodities .. 4 ' Not seasonally adjusted. 2 Indexes on a December 1997 = 100 base. 3 Indexes on a December 1982 = 100 base. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Indexes on a Decerrber 1988 = 100 base. Dash indicates data not available. NOTE: Index applied to a rronth as a w,ole, not to any specific date. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 99 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 38. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average and available local area data: all items = 100, unless otherwise indicated] [1982-84 Pricing All Urban Consumers sched- 2004 ule U.S. city average ... ..... ................. ... .. ·· ·· ·· ··· ·· ··· M 1 June 189.7 July 189.4 Aug. 189.5 Urban Wage Earners 2004 Sept. 189.9 Oct Nov. 190.9 191 .0 June 185.3 July 184.9 Aug. 185.0 Sept. 185.4 Oct. Nov. 186.5 186.8 200.2 Region and area slze 2 Northeast urban .. ... . .... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ····· ········· .... .. ... ... . .... .. .... . Size A-More than 1,500,000 ..... ... ... 3 Size B/C-50,000 to 1,500,000 ..... . ... , .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 4 Midwest urban .. . ..' .' ....... ' . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . ... ... . .... Size A-More than 1,500,000 .. ... ...... ... ... .... .. .. ... ... .... .... 3 M 201.1 201 .0 201 .0 201 .2 202 .5 202 .6 197.5 197.3 197.2 197.7 199.0 M 203.3 203.0 203.1 203.2 204.5 204.6 198.3 198.0 198.1 198.4 199.7 120.2 M 118.7 119.2 118.9 119.2 120.1 120.1 118.8 119.1 118.7 119.2 120.1 179.8 M 183.3 183.2 183.3 183.6 184.5 184.8 178.2 178 178.2 178.6 179.5 181 .2 M 185.3 185.4 185.6 189.5 186.8 186.9 179.4 179.5 179.8 180.2 181 .1 116.9 Size B/C-50,000 to 1,500,000 .... . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . Size D-Nonmetropolitan (less than 50,000) .. ..... ......... M 116.8 116.3 116.5 116.8 117.4 117.7 116.0 115.5 115.7 115.9 116.6 175.2 M 176.9 177.1 176.3 176.4 177.1 177.7 174.1 173.7 173.4 173.7 174.4 180.7 South urban .. .... ... ... ...... ........................ ..... .. ..... ... ... ····· ···· Size A-More than 1,500,000. .... ...... ................. .. .......... M 182.9 182.6 182.6 182.8 183.7 183.7 179.7 179.3 179.4 179.7 180.6 182.5 M 184.3 183.7 183.7 184.0 185.0 185.0 181 .9 181 .2 181 .2 181 .4 182.5 182.5 .. M 117.0 116.9 116.9 116.9 117.4 117.4 115.3 115.2 115.3 115.4 115.9 116.0 M 180.5 180.1 180.0 181 .2 182.8 182.5 180 179.4 179.5 180.7 182.3 182.2 West urban .. .... ......... .... ..... ....... .. .. .... ... ..... ..... .. . .. . .. .... M 193.3 192.9 193.0 193.8 195.0 195.1 188.6 188.0 188.0 188.8 190.0 190.2 3 Size B/C-50,000 to 1,500,000 .. ...... .... Size D-Nonmetropolitan (less than 50,000) .. .. . ....... . Size A-More than 1,500,000 .. ... .. ................ .. .. ....... 3 Size B/C-50,000 to 1,500,000 . .............. ... M 195.9 195.4 195.5 196.4 197.5 197.6 189.7 188.9 188.9 189.9 191 .0 191 .2 M 117.9 117.9 118.1 118.4 119.2 119.3 117.6 117.4 117.6 117.8 118.7 118.9 M M M 173.4 117.3 181.8 173.1 117.3 181 .3 173.2 117.3 181 .0 173.6 117.4 181 .8 174.6 118.1 182.9 174.6 118.2 183.0 171 .7 116.4 179.7 171 .3 116.2 179.0 171.4 116.2 178.8 171.8 116.5 179.7 172.8 117.2 180.8 173.0 117.3 181 .1 M 189.2 193.4 190.2 193.1 190.0 194.5 190.8 196.3 190.7 196.9 182.5 187.4 182.4 186.8 183.2 186.5 183.1 187.8 184.0 189.8 184.2 190.3 202.2 Size classes: As. 3 . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .......... ··················· , B/C ...... . ..... ······•·········· ........ ....... D. ...... . . . . . ······· ·· ...... .. .. .............. ... ..... .. .. . ... .. .. .... Selected local areas 6 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI. ...... ... . . ... .... .. .. .. .. Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA .. .. ... .. ....... .. M 189.1 193.7 New York, NY-Northern NJ-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA .. M 206.0 205.5 205.7 205.9 207.3 207.2 200.4 200.1 200.3 200.6 201 .9 Boston-Brockton-Nashua, MA-NH-ME-CT .. ............. 1 - 208.9 - 209.8 - 211 .7 - 207.9 - 208.8 - 184.1 - 183.9 - 184.0 182.5 167.6 - 167.4 183.4 - 182.9 197.3 - 195.0 - ... ... .. 1 Dallas-Ft Worth, TX .............. ............ .. .. ... ......... ..... 1 - 179.1 1 - 120.2 - Cleveland-Akron, OH ... ... .. .... ..... ... ......... .... .. .. Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV 7 .. Atlanta, GA.. ... .... .................. .... . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. ... .... .. . 2 185.7 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Ml .. ........ .......... ............ .... . . 2 185.8 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX ........ .. ... ... . .. ...... .... 2 169.3 Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL. .. ... .. .. ....... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ..... 2 185.6 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-MD .. . 2 198.0 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.. ... . . ' . .. . . . .. . ... ... 2 199.0 ..... ... .. ....... .. 2 195.3 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA .. . ' Foods, fuels, and several other items priced every month in all areas; most other goods and services priced as indicated: 181 .7 - - 186.8 169.1 185.1 199.1 198.7 194.6 183.8 179.7 120.8 185.2 179.9 120.9 187.6 171 .8 187.0 200.2 200.3 196.5 180.4 195.4 190.4 172.8 179.4 119.7 181 .5 198.0 189.6 174.8 180.0 120.4 211 173.9 180.5 120.4 181.7 183.0 169.5 185.1 199.8 196.4 191 .6 Report: Anchorage, AK; Cincinnatti, OH-KY-IN ; Kansas City, MO-KS; Milwaukee-Racine, M-Every month. WI ; Minneapolis-St. Paul , MN-WI ; Pittsburgh, PA; Port-land-Salem, OR-WA; St Louis, MO-IL; San Diego, CA; Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL. 1-January, March, May, July, September, and November. 7 Indexes on a November 1996 = 100 base. 2-February, April, June, August, October, and December. 3 4 Regions defined as the four Census regions. NOTE: Local area CPI indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local Indexes on a December 1996 = 100 base. index has a smaller sample size and is, therefore, subject to substantially more sampling The "North Central" region has been renamed the "Midwest" region by the Census Bureau . It is composed of the same geographic entities. 5 Indexes on a December 1986 = 100 base. and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national average CPI for use s In addition, the following metropolitan areas are published semiannually and in their escalator clauses. Index applies to a month as a whole, not to any specific date. appear in tables 34 and 39 of the January and July issues of the CPI Detailed Monthly Labor Review 100 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Dash indicates data not available . January 2005 - 39. Annual data: Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average, all items and major groups [1982-84 = 100] Series Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All items: Index ... Percent change .. Food and beverages: Index ....... Percent change .. Housing: Index .. Percent change ...... Apparel : Index .... Percent change Transportation : Index ... Percent change ........ . Medical care: Index .. Percent change ... Other goods and services: Index ...... .. Percent change ... Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: All items: ... .... .. ....... ............. Index ... ...... ...... .... ....... . Percent change .. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2003 2002 2001 144.5 3.0 148.2 2.6 152.4 2.8 156.9 3.0 160.5 2.3 163.0 1.6 166.6 2.2 172.2 3.4 177.1 2.8 179.9 1.6 184.0 2.3 141.6 2.1 144.9 2.3 148.9 2.8 153.7 3.2 157.7 2.6 161 .1 2.2 164.6 2.2 168.4 2.3 173.6 3.1 176.8 1.8 180.5 2.1 141 .2 144.8 2.7 2.5 148.5 2.6 152 .8 2.9 156.8 2.6 160.4 2.3 163.9 2.2 169.6 3.5 176.4 4.0 180.3 2.2 184.8 2.5 133.7 1.4 133.4 - .2 1320 -1 .0 131.7 - .2 132.9 .9 133.0 .1 131 .3 -1 .3 129.6 -1 .3 127.3 -1.8 124.0 -2 .6 120.9 -2 .5 130.4 3.1 134.3 3.0 139.1 3.6 143.0 2.8 144.3 0.9 141 .6 -1 .9 144.4 2.0 153.3 6.2 154.3 0.7 152.9 - .9 157.6 3.1 201 .4 5.9 211.0 4.8 220.5 4.5 228.2 3.5 234.6 2.8 242.1 3.2 250.6 3.5 260.8 272 .8 4.6 285.6 4.7 297.1 4.0 192.9 5.2 198.5 2.9 206.9 4.2 215.4 4.1 224.8 237 .7 5.7 258.3 8.7 271 .1 5.0 282.6 4.4 293.2 3.8 298.7 1.9 142.1 2.8 145.6 2.5 149.8 2.9 154.1 2.9 157.6 2.3 159.7 1.3 163.2 2.2 168.9 3.5 173.5 2.7 175.9 179.8 2.2 4.1 Monthly Labor Review 4.2 January 1.4 2005 101 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 40. Producer Price Indexes, by stage of processing (1982 = 100] Grouping Annual average 2002 Finished goods. ................. .................. Finished consumer goods........................ Finished consumer foods ....................... Finshed consumer goods excluding foods .................................... Nondurable goods less food ................ Durable goods...................................... Capital equipment.. ................................ 2003 2003 2004 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July 138.9 139.4 140.1 143.3 145.3 145.9 144.5 146.5 150.1 144.5 146.7 150.3 145.4 147.8 148.1 145.3 147.8 148.4 146.3 149.0 150.7 147.3 150.4 152.7 148.9 152.5 155.5 148.7 152.0 155.0 148.5 151.9 152.3 148.6 151 .9 152.2 138.8 139.8 133.0 139.1 144.7 148.4 133.1 139.5 144.8 147.6 135.0 140.5 145.0 148.2 134.3 140.2 147.4 151 .7 134.3 140.5 147.3 151 .6 134.2 140.2 148.0 152.4 134.7 140.5 149.1 154.3 134.4 140.6 150.9 156.7 134.8 140.8 150.5 156.0 134.9 141 .1 151.4 158.0 133.6 140.7 Aug.P Sept.P Qct.P Nov.P 148.7 152.0 152.2 151 .9 155.5 154.7 151.7 155.3 154.5 151 .4 158.0 133.7 141 .1 151 .5 158.1 133.8 141.3 155.5 162.0 137.7 143.5 155.2 161 .8 137.5 143.4 Intermediate materials, supplies, and components................... Materials and components for manufacturing .................... ................. Materials for food manufacturing ............. Materials for nondurable manufacturing .. Materials for durable manufacturing ........ Components for manufacturing ................ 127.8 133.7 134.1 134.5 136.2 137.3 138.3 140.2 142.0 142.8 143.5 144.9 145.3 146.2 147.2 126.1 123.2 129.2 124.7 126.1 129.7 134.4 1~7.2 127.9 125.9 130.7 141 .6 137.2 130.5 125.8 130.9 140.7 137.9 131.2 125.8 131 .9 138.4 140.2 132.9 125.9 133.2 139.3 141.0 137.3 126.2 134.3 141 .7 141 .4 140.7 126.5 136.2 146.6 143.5 144.3 127.1 137.4 152.2 144.5 146.9 127.3 137.7 152.0 145.9 145.8 127.6 138.1 147.3 147.3 147.2 127.4 Materials and components for construction.................... .................... Processed fuels and lubricants.................. Containers.................................................. Supplies ........................................ ............. 139.6 145.4 149.5 151 .0 128.1 140.8 144.2 152.1 153.3 128.0 141.2 144.2 153.5 152.8 128.2 141 .8 144.0 154.9 153.3 128.4 151 .3 96.3 152.1 138.9 153.6 112.6 153.7 141.5 155.6 110.3 153.4 142.6 155.6 111 .7 153.5 142.8 156.2 116.8 153.9 143.2 159.0 116.8 153.7 143.8 161 .9 116.5 154.1 144.8 164.7 118.4 154.9 146.4 166.9 122.3 156.7 147.2 166.9 124.9 158.9 147.3 167.5 126.4 159.7 148.0 170.0 128.5 161.4 147.5 171.1 127.1 162.5 147.7 170.7 130.4 164.1 147.8 170.6 133.8 164.3 147.9 Crude materials for further processing........................................... Foodstuffs and feedstuffs........................... Crude nonfood materials............................ 108.1 99.5 111 .4 135.3 113.5 148.2 137.0 125.7 141.4 141 .1 124.7 149.5 147.8 117.1 167.3 150.1 122.2 167.3 152.9 131.7 164.8 155.7 135.4 166.6 161.8 141 .1 172.9 163.0 137.4 178.0 162.5 130.9 182.2 160.7 124.7 183.9 153.8 121 .7 174.1 159.7 119.9 186.1 171 .9 119.3 208.1 138.3 88.8 147.3 150.8 150.2 142.4 102.0 149.0 153.1 150.5 142.8 100.4 151.0 155.5 151.7 142.8 101 .0 150.9 155.5 151.4 144.5 106.0 150.6 154.9 151 .8 144.3 105.7 150.5 155.0 151.7 144.9 107.0 151 .3 156.1 152.0 145.7 109.5 151 .9 156.9 152.1 147.0 113.6 152.7 158.0 152.2 146.8 112.5 152.7 157.9 152.3 147.2 115.4 151.7 156.5 151.9 147.4 115.1 151 .9 156.6 152.2 147.5 114.9 152.1 156.8 152.5 150.9 120.9 154.4 159.1 154.7 150.7 120.3 154.3 159.1 154.6 157.6 157.9 159.2 159.0 159.4 159.4 159.7 159.8 159.9 160.0 159.4 159.7 160.0 162.2 162.2 177.5 177.9 178.5 178.9 179.7 179.8 179.8 180.5 180.2 180.2 180.3 180.8 181 .3 181 .6 182.0 137.6 133.7 115.8 141 .1 138.4 137.0 115.6 142.4 140.2 143.2 117.3 144.4 141 .9 147.7 121 .1 145.7 142.8 144.9 123.7 146.0 143.7 142.3 125.1 146.4 145.4 136.0 127.1 147.7 146.0 133.8 126.0 148.5 147.0 131 .2 129.5 148.7 148.1 130.6 132.6 149.2 Special groupings: Finished goods, excluding foods................ Finished energy goods............................... Finished goods less energy ....................... Fi11i~tred consumer goods less energy...... Finished goods less food and energy ........ Finished consumer goods less food and energy .................... ........................... Consumer nondurable goods less food and energy ............................................. Intermediate materials less foods and feeds .................................. .. ............. Intermediate foods and feeds .................... Intermediate energy goods........................ Intermediate goods less energy ................. Intermediate materials less foods and energy ................... ............................ 128.5 115.5 95.9 134.5 134.2 125.9 111 .9 137.7 134.2 134.8 109.5 138.8 134.7 134.1 110.9 139.0 136.5 132.2 115.8 139.8 135.8 138.5 139.2 139.5 140.4 141 .7 142.9 144.6 145.7 146.2 146.8 148.5 149.5 149.9 150.4 Crude energy materials .............................. Crude materials less energy...................... Crude nonfood materials less energy........ 102.0 108.7 135.7 147.2 123.4 152.5 132.5 135.5 164.8 141.8 136.2 170.1 163.5 133.2 179.3 158.9 139.8 189.9 153.0 148.0 195.2 158.8 148.7 187.6 172.1 150.1 177.9 180.0 147.0 176.3 177.9 147.5 195.4 178.1 144.5 200.9 166.3 140.9 195.4 179.5 142.0 204.6 210.1 142.3 207.0 l 02 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 41. Producer Price Indexes for the net output of major industry groups [December 2003 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] 2004 Industry NAICS Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.P Sept.P Oct.P Nov.P Total mining Industries (December 1984=100)..................................... . Oil and gas extraction(December 1985=100) .. Mining, except oil and gas ...... Mining support activities ... 140.3 136.6 140.9 149.5 155.5 155.6 157.2 148.8 158.9 180.5 172.5 105.2 100.8 165.4 105.9 100.8 171.7 108.5 101 .0 188.1 107.3 101.3 198.0 108.1 102.2 196.6 110.2 103.7 198.7 110.2 105.5 182.8 111.6 107.5 199.9 112.3 110.1 237.5 112.7 112.7 139.3 140.4 101 .2 100.3 99.7 140.3 142.4 100.7 100.2 99.8 141 .8 146.1 101 .5 100.7 99.9 143.3 149.1 100.2 101.1 100.0 142.9 148.6 101.2 101.3 99.8 143.2 146.5 100.6 101.5 99.7 143.7 144.4 101 .4 101.6 99.6 144.1 143.3 101 .0 101.2 99.9 146.5 142.9 101 .6 101 .7 100.1 146.0 142.9 101 .6 102.0 100.1 316 321 322 323 Total manufacturing Industries (December 1984=100)...................... .. . ..... .. Food manufacturing (December 1984=100) ........ Beverage and tobacco manufacturing ............................ ................. . Textile mills ...................................................................................... Apparel manufacturing ........... .... . .... .......................... ......... .. Leather and allied product manufacturing (December 1984=100) .. . .. ......... .. Wood products manufacturing .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. Paper manufacturing ........................................................... ................. .. Printing and related support activities.. ... ............................... ........ .. 143.6 102.7 99.4 100.2 143.8 105.9 99.5 100.4 143.5 108.1 100.1 100.8 143.4 110.2 101.1 100.8 143.5 108.3 102.3 101.0 143.7 106.8 103.2 101.3 143.7 109.9 104.2 101.5 143.5 110.8 104.9 102.0 143.7 107.4 105.7 101 .9 143.9 105.0 105.7 102.1 324 325 326 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 339 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing (December 1984=100) .. .. Chemical manufacturing (December 1984=100) .......................... . . Plastics and rubber products manufacturing (December 1984=100) .. .. Primary metal manufacturing (December 1984=100) ................... .. Fabricated metal product manufacturing (December 1984=100) ...... .. Machi nery manufacturing .......................... .......................... .. .. Computer and electronic products manufacturino .. Electrical equipment, appliance, and components manufacturing .. Transportation equipment manufacturing ............... . Furniture and related product manufacturing(December 1984=100) .. Miscellaneous manufacturing .......................... ............... .. 130.7 167.9 129.4 128.5 135.7 100.6 99.5 100.7 100.1 148.7 100.9 134.3 168.8 129.6 132.3 137.5 100.9 99.3 101 .8 100.4 149.0 100.8 141.9 169.7 130.0 138.4 139.4 101.3 99.5 102.7 100.2 149.7 101 .0 152.0 170.3 130.4 142.2 140.8 101 .6 99.3 103.3 100.4 151 .4 100.9 144.1 171.6 130.8 142.3 141 .9 101 .8 99.1 103.5 100.6 151 .7 101 .2 152.3 172.2 131 .2 144.7 142.5 102.1 98.9 103.6 99.7 152.0 101 .2 155.6 173.2 131 .8 149.1 143.7 102.2 98.9 103.8 99.9 152.7 101.0 158.9 175.6 132.5 150.9 144.2 102.5 98.9 104.1 99.9 152.7 101 .6 176.7 177.1 134.3 152.0 144.7 103.1 98.9 104.4 103.2 153.5 101.6 170.6 178.3 134.7 154.1 145.2 103.2 98.6 104.4 102.7 154.6 101 .6 441 442 443 446 447 454 Retail trade Motor vehicle and parts dealers .......................... ........... . Furniture and home furnishings stores ......................... ......... .. Electronics and appliance stores .......................... . ................. .. Health and personal care stores ........... ... ................ .. ........... .. Gasoline stations (June 2001=100) .............. ....................... . Nonstore retailers ......................... ............. .. 101.7 100.8 99.7 99.9 46.6 105.4 103.2 101 .8 99.9 96.9 55.4 113.2 103.8 102.0 101 .2 97.4 56.6 108.6 103.7 101.4 101 .2 97.5 53.2 107.0 103.7 102.8 98.8 98.7 59.3 108.7 103.3 102.6 98.6 101.3 48.3 103.6 103.4 103.0 98.8 101.5 47.0 103.6 103.5 103.6 101.6 107.3 45.8 107.5 104.2 104.0 100.6 106.8 42.0 103.1 104.0 105.1 97.9 104.6 52.0 111 .7 481 483 491 Transoortatlon and warehousina Air transportation (December 1992=100).. .. ... ........ .. Water transportation .......................... ..... .. ........................... .. .. Postal service (June 1989=100) .... .. ................ ...... . 163.6 98.9 155.0 162.0 99.4 155.0 162.3 100.1 155.0 162.2 100.3 155.0 162.8 100.3 155.0 163.9 101.5 155.0 165.1 100.5 155.0 160.6 103.0 155.0 161.6 103.6 155.0 160.4 103.4 155.0 221 Utilities Utilities ....................... .. ......................... .......... . ............. .. 102.5 101 .2 101 .8 103.1 106.9 107.1 107.5 105.1 104.0 108.5 114.3 99.8 119.6 140.1 101 .4 99.9 114.3 99.8 119.6 140.3 101 .6 99.9 114.4 99.8 119.7 140.7 101.9 99.9 114.4 100.0 119.7 140.8 102.0 100.5 114.3 100.0 119.7 140.9 102.0 100.5 114.3 100.0 119.7 141.6 102.9 102.1 114.5 100.0 119.8 142.1 102.9 100.6 114.5 100.0 119.7 142.4 103.1 100.6 114.4 100.1 119.9 142.9 103.5 100.9 114.4 100.1 120.0 143.3 103.6 102.0 101.3 99.1 100.0 98.9 102.0 101.3 100.3 100.2 98.4 101 .7 101.4 101.6 100.1 98.5 102.3 101 .3 103.1 101 .4 102.7 101 .5 99.9 99.9 99.6 99.8 99.0 102.7 99.0 103.2 101.0 101.9 99.5 98.8 103.2 101.5 103.6 99.2 98.9 104.0 102.0 105.5 99.0 98.9 102.4 101.2 100.1 100.0 99.0 102.3 99.4 100.2 100.6 109.8 131 .7 100.7 99.6 100.7 101.1 107.4 131.7 100.8 101.0 100.8 101.3 106.0 131.8 101.1 102.6 100.8 101 .9 104.5 131.8 101 .2 102.1 101.0 98.5 105.6 131.8 101 .1 103.5 101 .0 101.4 110.0 131.6 101.3 105.2 101 .1 102.7 111 .0 131 .9 101.6 104.7 101.0 100.7 108.2 132.3 101 .8 104.1 99.5 98.5 108.0 132.5 102.0 104.2 99.6 100.1 107.9 132.1 102.3 125.9 99.6 112.5 98.7 100.3 101 .3 123.6 126.5 99.8 113.2 98.7 100.4 100.8 124.9 126.6 99.9 113.1 98.7 100.5 101 .3 124.8 126.5 99.9 113.4 98.7 100.6 101 .5 124.4 126.6 99.9 113.8 97.4 101.0 101 .5 125.6 127.0 100.0 114.6 95.1 101.0 101.4 126.6 126.9 100.7 114.8 95.4 101 .6 101 .3 128.6 127.2 100.4 114.6 94.8 100.9 101 .3 125.4 127.4 100.4 115.3 96.9 101.5 101.4 125.4 127.3 100.7 115.2 96.4 101.3 101.4 124.7 - 211 212 213 311 312 313 315 6211 6215 6216 622 6231 62321 511 515 517 5182 523 53112 5312 5313 5321 5411 541211 5413 54181 5613 56151 56172 5621 721 Health care and social assistance Office of physicians (December 1996=100) ......................... ... .. .. ..... .. ................ .. Medical and diagnostic laboratories.... Home health care services (December 1996= 100) ...... ......... ...... .. Hospitals (December 1992= 100) .. .. .......................... . ....... .. Nursingcarefacilitie s ............. . Residential mental retardation facilities ........................ ...... .. Other services Industries Publishing industries, except Internet Broadcasting, except Internet .................... ..................... .. Telecommunications .. Data processing and related services ....................... . ........... .. Securitv. commoditv contracts. and like activitv ......................... .. Lessors or nonresidental buildings (except mini warehouse) ............ . .. ... .. . Offices of real estate agents and brokers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ........................ ... .. Real estate support activities.. Automotive equipment rental and leasing (June 2001=100) ............. . Legal services (December 1996=100) ........................ ...... .. Offices of certified public accountants ..................... . ................ . Architectural, engineering, and related services .. ......................... .......... .. . (December 1996=100).. .. . ............ ....................... .. Advertising agencies .. .. .. .. Employment services (December 1996=100) ........................ . .. Travel agencies ....................... ... . ............. ........ ... .. Janitorial services ......................... ...... . ..... ...... .. ...... .. .. . ..... ....... ............. . Waste collection... Accommodation (December 1996=100) .. 98.5 105.3 NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), replacing the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 103 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 42. Annual data: Producer Price Indexes, by stage of processing (1982 = 100] Index 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Finished goods Total. .... Foods ... ........................ .............. .. Energy .. ·········· ···" ··· ········ ········· .. ·············· Other ........... ····················· . .. ... . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . 124.7 125.7 78.0 135.8 125.5 126.8 77.0 137.1 127.9 129.0 78.1 140.0 131.3 133.6 83.2 142.0 131 .8 134.5 83.4 142.4 130.7 134.3 75.1 143.7 133.0 135.1 78.8 146.1 138.0 137.2 94.1 148.0 140.7 141 .3 96.8 150.0 138.9 140.1 88.8 150.2 143.3 146.0 102.0 150.5 Intermediate materials, supplies, and components Total .... ... . .. .. ... . . . .. .. . .. .. . ' . .. ... ... . ' .... .. . .. . .. . .. .. Foods. ................................. ...... ........ ........ ....... Energy ....................... .................... ..... ...... Other .................. . .. . . . . . .. . .... . . .. .. . .. .. . .. ... . .. 116.2 115.6 84.6 123.8 118.5 118.5 83.0 127.1 124.9 119.5 84.1 135.2 125.7 125.3 89.8 134.0 125.6 123.2 89.0 134.2 123.0 123.2 80.8 133.5 123.2 120.8 84.3 133.1 129.2 119.2 101 .7 136.6 129.7 124.3 104.1 136.4 127.8 123.3 95.9 135.8 133.7 134.4 111 .9 138.5 Crude materials for further processing Total ············ ··············· . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. ... .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. Foods .. .... ....... .. .... . Energy ........... ..... .. . Other. ......... ...... ..... 102.4 108.4 76.7 94.1 101 .8 106.5 72 .1 97 .0 102.7 105.8 69.4 105.8 113.8 121 .5 85.0 105.7 111 .1 112.2 87.3 103.5 96.8 103.9 68.6 84 .5 98.2 98.7 78.5 91 .1 120.6 100.2 122.1 118.0 121.3 106.2 122.8 101 .8 108.1 99.5 102.0 101 .0 135.3 113.5 147.5 116.8 l 04 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 43. U.S. export price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification (2000 = 100] 2004 2003 SITC Industry Rev. 3 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Sept. Aug. July Nov. Oct. 0 Food and live animals .......... .................... . ....... ........ Meat and meat preparations .................................. 01 Cereals and cereal preparations ............ 04 Vegetables, fruit, and nuts, prepared fresh or dry... 05 115.2 125.6 125.6 102.8 116.5 123.0 130.8 103.2 117.0 122.8 131 .6 103.1 119.9 125.0 135.2 108.4 122.7 127.1 139.6 110.1 126.1 127.6 147.7 109.5 126.7 127.7 146.0 113.3 123.9 127.3 141.2 111 .1 119.8 123.0 128.0 110.0 116.4 126.1 120.6 113.2 117.6 124.6 122.0 119.8 118.2 126.0 115.5 130.6 118.0 123.8 112.7 135.1 2 Crude materials, Inedible, except fuels .......................... ... . . . . . . . . . .. . Oilseeds and oleaginous fruits .... 22 .. .... ......... .. .. .. . .. .... ....... .... .. Cork and wood .. 24 Pulp and waste paper. ..... .. .... .. ............ ........ . ......... 25 Textile fibers and their waste ... ........ ..... ... ...... 26 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ......... .. ....... .......... 28 116.3 150.9 92.5 91 .9 128.5 129.6 116.9 152.5 93.7 91.7 121.2 136.6 120.2 157.2 94.5 91 .7 123.7 148.9 122.3 160.9 95.6 92.5 122.2 156.8 129.0 181 .6 96.5 94.2 121.9 171.4 132.8 197.1 97.6 98.8 115.9 176.2 132.5 199.0 98.2 100.4 114.9 170.6 125.7 168.5 98.3 100.8 108.7 167.5 132.1 184.5 98.9 100.1 102.9 190.2 118.0 117.4 98.8 99.5 101.1 183.6 119.4 125.1 99.1 98.7 102.1 178.5 118.1 109.1 98.6 98.1 100.2 190.4 119.9 110.3 96.9 98.7 97.2 200.4 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related products ............ . Coal , coke, and briquettes............ 32 Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ... 33 106.3 111 .6 101.2 110.7 112.9 106.2 120.5 119.3 123.0 123.2 135.1 131 .8 137.5 139.6 141 .2 155.8 153.7 - - - - - - - - - - - 116.8 114.7 120.1 119.8 135.0 129.7 134.5 136.2 138.0 156.4 153.9 5 Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. ......................... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................ ......... 54 Essential oils; polishing and cleaning preparations .... 55 Plastics in primary forms . .............................. .............. 57 Plastics in nonprimary forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ...... ...... 58 Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. 59 100.9 106.5 99.4 95.8 97.1 102.5 101.4 105.8 100.1 96.5 97.2 102.6 102.9 105.4 104.3 98.3 96.8 105.0 104.0 105.3 104.2 100.9 97.2 105.2 104.9 105.5 104.3 102.1 97.4 104.8 105.5 105.7 104.1 102.2 96.9 104.8 105.6 105.7 104.4 102.9 96.7 104.8 105.8 105.8 104.3 103.2 96.5 104.9 107.0 107.9 104.1 104.8 97.2 104.6 108.6 108.1 105.1 107.3 97.1 106.2 109.6 108.0 105.6 109.9 97.4 105.4 111.4 107.1 106.1 113.2 97.9 105.0 112.3 107.3 106.4 115.7 98.8 104.9 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials ..... 100.7 100.8 101.7 103.0 104.1 105.6 106.6 107.0 108.5 109.6 110.5 111 .3 112.1 110.9 110.8 111 .2 111 .8 112.0 111 .3 111.5 112.4 98.7 99.7 98.1 99.0 99.5 97.6 99.2 99.9 95.4 101.2 99.9 95.4 101 .9 100.2 96.5 102.7 100.5 99.0 103.8 101 .4 98.1 103.2 101 .5 99.9 62 64 66 68 Rubber manufactures. n.e.s. ....... Paoer. oaoerboard. and articles of oaoer. oulo. ...... and oaoerboard ..... ............... ........ ...... Nonmetallic mineral manufactures. n.e.s. ... ........ ......... ................. ............................. Nonferrous metals .. 7 Machinery and transport equipment... .... ....... .... ............. Power generating machinery and equipment .... .... ..... , .. Machinery specialized for particular industries ... .......... General industrial machines and parts, n.e.s., 71 72 74 75 76 77 78 and machine parts ..... ········ · Computer equipment and office machines ................. Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment... ....... ...... .. . ...... ..... Electrical machinery and equipment ... Road vehicles ..... .................... 87 Professional, scientific, and controlling Instruments and apparatus ...... ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ........ . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 109.5 109.9 110.4 110.9 110.4 97.9 99.7 83.4 97.6 99.8 84.5 97.9 99.7 85.9 97.8 99.6 90.9 97.9 99.7 94.1 97.7 97.8 97.9 98.1 98.2 98.4 98.4 98.2 98.2 98.2 98.3 98.6 98.7 108.5 103.3 108.7 103.4 109.3 103.9 109.4 104.0 109.4 104.2 108.7 105.1 108.7 105.4 108.7 105.4 108.9 105.7 109.0 105.9 109.0 106.1 109.4 107.2 110.2 107.6 102.8 88.0 102.8 88.6 103.3 87.7 103.5 88.2 104.0 88.4 104.5 88.8 104.8 88.6 104.9 87.2 105.2 86.6 105.3 86.4 105.3 86.3 106.1 85.9 106.3 85.5 92.2 88.2 1016 92.0 88.1 101 .5 92.6 88.0 101 .7 92.5 88.3 101 .9 92.4 88.6 101 .9 92.2 88.5 102.3 92.0 88.6 102.3 91.8 88.2 102.4 91 .5 88.3 102.5 90.7 88.2 102.5 90.7 88.1 102.4 90.4 88.6 102.8 90.8 88.4 102.8 102.3 102.3 102.2 102.3 102.3 102.2 102.1 102.0 101 .7 101.9 101 .8 102.2 102.3 Monthly Labor Review January 2005 105 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 44. U.S. import price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification [2000= 100] SITC 2003 Industry Rev. 3 0 Food and live animals .............................................. Dec. 100.0 101.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 102.2 104.7 105.4 106.4 106.1 106.9 107.4 Meat and meat preparations ..... ............ ................. Fish and crustaceans, mollusks, and other aquatic invertebrates ........ ··· ······· ··· ····· . ......... Vegetables, fruit, and nuts, prepared fresh or dry. ······•·· Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ...... .. .... . ........ ......... . .... ... .... 107.4 109.2 111.1 111.6 117.2 120.4 117.7 118.0 120.4 121.7 124.4 128.9 133.7 134.2 135.1 133.9 131.8 79.3 108.9 79.2 109.4 78.2 112.3 80.0 115.7 83.3 111.3 85.1 109.5 84.1 106.1 84.1 105.9 86.1 102.1 86.9 100.6 86.0 109.2 85.5 114.4 84.3 119.9 93.1 96.0 100.1 101.9 101.7 103.6 102.4 107.0 102.7 103.4 105.6 104.5 106.8 1 Beverages and tobacco ........ ..... .............................. 104.4 104.4 104.7 105.0 105.3 105.3 105.4 105.3 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.5 106.6 01 03 05 07 ·······"·· 11 Beverages ... ... . ..... ...... ··············· . ......... ....... .......... 104.2 104.3 104.9 105.2 105.5 105.5 105.7 105.6 106.4 106.6 106.7 106.9 107.0 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels .......................... 24 Cork and wood ............... ............ ........ ........ ..... 25 Pulp and waste paper. .. ... .... ....... ................... ........... 28 Metalliferous ores and metal scrap .... ....... .............. 29 Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. . .... . . . . .. ... .. 104.5 107.9 109.5 114.1 120.0 122.9 127.3 125.8 125.7 134.0 135.1 125.1 121.5 103.2 91.9 108.7 94.8 108.0 92.8 115.3 99.6 108.9 93.3 124.2 98.9 115.7 91.9 134.6 99.5 123.3 95.4 148.0 99.7 127.8 100.8 148.2 99.3 139.0 103.4 143.5 102.1 136.1 106.5 140.4 98.0 132.1 108.0 145.3 101.2 148.9 107.7 160.8 97.6 151.1 105.5 162.6 98.7 126.2 99.8 166.4 96.3 117.0 98.0 166.5 96.5 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related products ............. 33 Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ... 34 Gas, natural and manufactured .................... ................ 103.3 102.3 106.6 108.2 106.9 113.9 117.3 114.0 138.0 117.7 114.5 137.1 120.8 120.0 122.9 121.1 120.3 123.3 131.6 131.5 129.5 131.5 130.0 140.0 133.9 133.0 134.8 144.2 144.8 136.3 146.8 149.2 123.7 161.9 166.3 125.3 162.1 161.9 159.6 5 Chemicals and related products, n.e.s . ......................... 52 Inorganic chemicals ... ......... ........ ············ .... .... 53 Dying, tanning , and coloring materials .... .... ..... ....... 54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ·············· 55 Essential oils; polishing and cleaning preparations ... 57 Plastics in primary forms ... ......... ...... ............... ............ 58 Plastics in nonprimary forms .. ........ .......................... 59 Chemical materials and products, n.e.s ...... ...... ...... 100.8 111.9 99.0 103.4 91.6 105.6 101.7 93.1 101.1 114.0 99.6 103.4 91.6 105.5 101.8 93.3 103.0 119.3 99.9 107.2 92 .7 104.4 102.1 943 103.4 120.6 99.7 107.7 93.3 105.2 102.4 94.9 103.8 120.5 99.5 108.1 93.7 106.9 102.9 95.8 103.5 115.9 100.6 107.7 93.5 105.5 102.9 95.4 103.5 117.5 100.8 107.3 93.4 105.8 102.9 95.1 103.8 119.8 100.3 107.1 93.5 104.6 102.3 95.2 104.6 122.2 98.3 107.3 93.5 107.8 103.0 94.7 105.1 123.8 98.4 107.3 93.4 108.4 103.2 94.1 105.8 124.1 98.4 106.6 93.4 109.6 103.5 94.5 106.2 125.0 98.5 106.0 93.3 110.4 103.8 94.9 106.5 125.1 98.7 106.6 93.2 113.8 104.2 95.5 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials ..... 62 64 66 68 69 Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ..... ........... ....................... Paper, paperboard, and articles of paper, pulp, and paperboard ... . . .. ... .. ...... ............................... Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. ........ ..... Nonferrous metals ......... .......... .............................. , .. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s ........ ........ .... ........ .. ...... 7 Machinery and transport equipment.. ............................. 72 74 Machinery specialized for particular industries .. ........•.. General industrial machines and parts, n.e.s., and machine parts ............ .. .... ..... .... ...... . ..... .. .... Computer equipment and office machines ... Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment... Electrical machinery and equipment ..... . . . . . .. . .. .. . ....... Road vehicles .................. . ... .. . . .. .. ................... ............ 85 Footwear ...... .. ...... . 88 Photographic apparatus, equipment, and supplies, and ootical aoods n.e.s. ........ 75 76 77 78 l 06 2004 Nov. ......................................... Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 97.4 97.8 98.9 101.4 103.6 105.6 106.9 106.1 106.1 107.7 108.9 109.0 109.3 98.6 98.8 99.0 99.2 99.7 99.9 100.0 100.5 100.5 100.8 100.8 100.9 101.1 94.2 98.1 85.1 99.1 93.7 98.1 87.7 99.5 94.1 98.5 92.3 99.7 94.5 98.9 97.0 100.3 95.0 99.0 102.6 101.1 94.8 99.3 105.8 102.3 95.5 99.4 106.1 102.4 95.5 99.4 101.6 102.4 96.4 99.3 102.3 102.7 96.9 100.2 105.6 103.3 97.9 100.4 106.3 103.9 99.2 100.6 106.8 104.1 99.3 100.7 108.6 104.9 95.4 95.3 95.4 95.5 95.5 95.2 95.2 95.1 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.1 103.3 103.6 104.9 106.4 106.7 106.5 106.7 106.6 107.2 107.6 107.4 107.7 108.1 100.9 78.5 101.2 78.2 101.8 78.0 102.5 78.0 103.3 77.7 103.5 76.5 103.6 76.4 103.5 75.5 104.0 74.9 104.1 74.3 104.3 74.0 104.6 73.1 104.9 73.0 87.5 96.0 101.4 86.7 95.3 101.6 86.4 95.4 101.9 85.4 95.7 102.0 85.1 95.6 102.0 84.9 94.9 102.2 84.9 94.8 102.3 84.7 94.7 102.4 84.3 94.6 102.6 84.0 94.7 102.8 83.9 94.5 103.1 83.5 94.3 103.6 83.5 94.4 103.8 100.1 100.1 100.5 100.5 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.4 100.4 100.1 100.5 100.5 100.5 99.8 99.9 99.9 100.3 100.0 99.4 99.3 99.0 98.2 98.2 98.2 98.2 98.6 45. U.S. export price indexes by end-use category (2000 = 100] 2004 2003 Category Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 100.5 100.8 101.5 102.2 103.0 103.7 104.1 103.4 103.9 103.4 103.8 104.5 104.8 130.5 132.4 112.1 134.8 137.0 113.4 135.6 138.0 112.7 129.1 131.1 110.7 128.0 129.9 110.1 116.5 117.0 110.9 118.7 119.3 112.9 117.3 117.6 114.3 117.6 117.8 115.0 108.1 109.1 110.2 109.9 112.0 113.1 113.9 116.5 117.5 110.7 1090 108.4 109.4 108.7 107.1 ALL COMMODITIES .................................................. Foods, feeds, and beverages ........... . ........... .. .. Agricultural foods, feeds, and beverages ................ Nonagricultural (fish, beverages) food products .. 121.4 122.8 107.5 122.4 123.8 108.5 123.1 124.6 109.5 125.6 127.2 110.7 Industrial supplies and materials .................... 101 .7 102.5 105.1 106.4 Agricultural industrial supplies and materials ..... ..... 119.0 117.5 118.6 116.6 117.2 114.8 113.7 Fuels and lubricants ........ ..... .... .... .. ........ ........... Nonagricultural supplies and materials, excluding fuel and building materials . ........... .... Selected building materials ............... ·········· .......... 96.4 99.0 106.1 106.5 108.9 109.6 117.5 114.9 118.6 120.4 120.8 130.9 129.1 101.7 99.1 102.5 99.5 104.7 98.7 106.4 100.9 108.1 102.3 109.4 103.4 109.9 103.9 110.0 103.4 112.4 102.8 113.5 103.3 114.3 104.0 116.4 103.8 118.1 103.7 Capital goods ...... . ··········· ......... ..... ......... ....... Electric and electrical generating equipment ... ...... Nonelectrical machinery .............. .. ................. ... .. 97.3 101 .7 93.9 97.5 101 .7 94.1 97.5 102.0 93.9 97.8 101 .9 94.3 98 .0 102.0 94 .5 98.1 101 .7 94.6 98.1 101 .7 94.6 97.8 102.0 94.1 97.8 102.2 94.0 97.8 102.2 94.0 97.9 102.3 93.9 98.3 103.0 94.3 98.4 103.2 94.3 .............. 101 .9 101.8 101.9 102.0 101 .9 102.2 102.3 102.3 102.4 102.6 102.5 102.8 102.8 101.0 101.0 100.9 100.8 100.6 100.4 100.9 100.9 100.5 117.5 102.8 116.0 103.7 115.9 104.1 Automotive vehicles, parts, and engines .. Consumer goods, excluding automotive .. ........ ...... Nondurables, manufactured. . .. ............................. Durables, manufactured .... ... ............. .. .. ......... .. 100.0 99.4 100.3 99.9 99.2 100.3 100.2 99.9 100.1 100.1 99.9 100.0 100.2 99.9 100.1 100.4 100.1 100.5 100.5 100.1 100.6 100.4 100.0 100.7 100.9 100.8 100.8 101.1 101.0 101.0 Agricultural commodities ........ .. .......... ... ......... Nonagricultural commodities ................ .. .... ···· ··· 122.2 98.8 122.7 99.1 123.5 99.8 125.3 100.4 129.7 100.9 133.0 101.4 133.7 101 .7 127.4 101 .5 126.1 102.2 115.5 102.5 46. U.S. import price indexes by end-use category (2000 = 100] 2004 2003 Category Nov. ALL COMMODITIES ........ .. .. .. .... ................................ Dec. 97.5 96.8 Feb. Jan. 99.0 99.4 Mar. 100.2 May 100.4 101 .9 Nov. 101 .7 102.1 103.6 104.1 105.8 106.0 107.3 114.1 92.3 108.7 116.5 91.4 110.0 118.5 91.0 110.3 119.2 90.5 126.6 128.4 135.0 135.0 161.2 166.1 160.9 161.8 Foods, feeds, and beverages .. . .. .. .. .. ..... ······· ··· ··· Agricultural foods, feeds, and beverages ............... Nonagricultural (fish, beverages) food products ..... 102.4 109.7 86.0 103.2 110.9 86.0 103.7 112.0 85.1 105.3 113.4 87.2 105.9 113.0 90.1 107.2 114.2 91 .7 106.8 114.0 90.6 106.9 114.3 90.3 107.5 114.5 91.8 ........... 100.7 103.6 108.5 110.0 112.7 113.9 119.7 119.3 120.6 Industrial supplies and materials ........ .. ...... Oct. Sept. Aug. July June Apr. Fuels and lubricants .. Petroleum and petroleum products ........ .......... 102.0 100.9 107.2 106.0 116.5 113.7 117.0 114.3 120.2 120.1 120.6 119.9 131.0 131.2 130.9 129.7 133.2 132.7 143.4 144.4 146.0 148.8 Paper and paper base stocks ..... ... ... ....... .... Materials associated with nondurable supplies and materials ................... .. .. .. .. . .... . Selected building materials ..... ......... ··· ·· ........... .... Unfinished metals associated with durable goods .. Nonmetals associated with durable goods .. .... . 93.9 93.9 94.1 94.2 95.6 96.8 98 .2 99.0 100.0 100.4 101.2 101.4 101.1 104.2 108.1 96.4 98.1 104.4 108.0 99.2 98.2 104.7 106.8 104.5 98.5 104.8 113.7 109.5 99.2 105.4 118.4 114.9 99.3 105.1 120.2 121 .7 99.3 105.4 123.6 126.2 99.1 106.0 120.5 124.4 98.7 106.5 117.6 126.1 98.5 107.7 124.0 129.8 98.5 108.0 125.6 133.1 98.7 108.6 115.3 134.3 98.7 109.4 110.9 136.5 99.1 Capital goods ... ..... .... ...... ... ................ ............ Electric and electrical generating equipment.. .... Nonelectrical machinery .. ................... .......... ....... 93.3 96.5 91.6 92.9 96.8 91.1 93.1 97.4 91.2 93.1 97.9 91.2 93.1 97.8 91.2 92.6 97.2 90 .6 92.6 97.1 90.5 92 .2 97.0 90.1 92.2 97.5 90.0 92.1 97.7 89.9 92.0 97.4 89.8 91.7 97.3 89.5 91.9 97.4 89.6 Automotive vehicles, parts, and engines .. ..... ....... 101.2 101.4 101 .6 101 .7 101.8 102.0 102.0 102.2 102.3 102.5 102.7 103.1 103.3 98.7 101 .3 96.3 96.4 98.6 101 .1 96.3 96.4 98.5 101 .0 96.0 97.3 98.5 100.9 96.1 96.8 98.5 101 .0 95.9 97.4 98.4 100.9 95.9 97.9 98.4 100.8 95.9 97.9 98.4 100.7 96.0 97.9 98.5 100.8 96.1 98.0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • Consumer goods, excluding automotive .. ··· ······ Nondurables, manufactured ....... ... .. .. .... ............ Durables, manufactured ............ .. .............. Nonmanufactured consumer goods ............. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 98.1 100.0 96.2 95.8 98.1 100.1 96.2 96.2 98.7 101 .2 96.3 96.2 98.6 101 .1 96.3 95.9 47. U.S. international price Indexes for selected categories of services (2000 = 100, unless indicated otherwise] Category Air freight (inbound) ................... ................ . ............ Air freight (outbound) ........ ...... ... ... ......... ... .... Inbound air passenger fares (Dec. 2003 = 100) ... Outbound air passenger fares (Dec. 2003 = 100)) .. Ocean liner freight (inbound) ..... .... ..... ... .... ..... ..... Dec. Sept. June Mar. Dec. Sept. 2004 2003 2002 Mar. June Sept. 100.3 97.3 105.9 95.4 108.8 97 .2 109.4 95.4 112.5 95.5 112.9 94.9 116.2 96.1 116.6 99.0 118.7 100.7 - - - - - 93.5 93.3 94.0 116.1 116.2 100.0 100.0 117.7 105.1 99.3 119.1 106.1 114.2 121.1 110.1 114.2 120.3 NOTE: Dash indicates data not available. Monthly Labor Review January 2005 107 Current Labor Statistics: Productivity Data 48. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, and unit costs, quarterly data seasonally adjusted [1992 = 100] 2001 Item 2002 2003 2004 Ill IV I II Ill IV I II Ill IV I II Ill 118.8 140.4 113.2 118.2 110.2 115.2 120.9 141 .5 114.2 117.0 113.1 115.6 122.7 143.2 115.2 116.7 113.4 115.5 123.2 144.4 115.2 117.2 113.6 115.9 124.7 145.0 115.0 116.3 115.7 116.1 125.0 145.5 114.8 116.3 116.8 116.5 126.2 147.4 115.3 116.8 117.7 117.1 128.6 149.6 116.8 116.4 119.0 117.3 131 .2 151 .7 117.7 115.6 120.8 117.5 132.0 153.2 118.7 116.0 120.7 117.8 133.3 154.2 118.4 115.7 122.9 118.4 134.2 155.9 118.3 116.1 124.8 119.4 135.0 157.3 118.9 116.6 124.8 119.6 Output per hour of all persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. ..... Compensation per hour .. .. .. . ..... . . . . . .. .. . ' . ..... Real compensation per hour ..... ..... .. .... . Unit labor costs ....... ............ .... .. ....... ....... ...... Unit non labor payments .... ...... ....................... . ...... Implicit price deflator .. . .. .. . . ... ... ......... ..... .. 118.5 139.6 112.5 117.8 111 .9 115.6 120.4 140.7 113.5 116.8 114.7 116.0 122.4 142.6 114.7 116.4 115.1 116.0 122.8 143.8 114.7 117.1 115.4 116.5 124.1 144.3 114.4 116.2 117.7 116.8 124.6 144.7 114.3 116.1 118.9 117.2 125.8 146.6 114.7 116.6 119.6 117.7 127.8 148.7 116.1 116.3 120.4 117.8 130.6 150.9 117.1 115.5 122.3 118.0 131 .7 152.5 118.2 115.9 121.9 118.1 132.8 153.3 117.7 115.4 124.3 118.7 134.1 155.2 117.8 115.7 126.1 119.6 134.7 156.5 118.3 116.2 126.6 120.0 Nonfinanclal corporations Output per hour of all employees ....... . Compensation per hour .... . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. ..... ........ Real compensation per hour ....... .. .. . ....... . ..... ..... Total unit costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... ... . ·· ··· ·" ' '' Unit labor costs ................. . .. .... .... ......... .... ..... .. ... Unit nonlabor costs ....... ...... ..... .. ... . ..... .. . . . . ' . ' .. Unit profits .. ... ......... ···············•······· ..... ............. Unit nonlabor payments .. .......... ... ... ... ............. Implicit price deflator. ..... ..... ...... ........ ..... .... .. .. .. 123.0 137.9 111 .1 112.8 112.1 114.7 79.4 105.2 109.8 123.9 126.3 139.3 139.9 112.5 112.6 113.4 111 .6 112.4 1,110.8 116.2 114.0 75.8 89.1 105.4 107.4 110.1 109.6 127.9 141 .3 112.7 111.2 110.5 112.9 94.7 108.1 109.7 129.2 142.1 112.7 110.7 110.0 112.7 95.7 108.2 109.4 130.2 142.9 112.8 110.4 109.7 112.3 101 .8 109.5 109.6 131.3 112.7 110.7 109.8 113.2 99.2 109.4 109.7 134.1 146.3 114.2 109.7 109.1 111.4 111.0 111.3 109.8 137.2 148.5 115.3 109.0 108.2 111.1 118.7 113.1 109.9 138.9 150.0 116.2 108.7 108.0 110.5 123.2 113.9 110.0 138.9 150.9 115.9 108.8 108.6 109.5 128.1 114.5 110.6 140.1 152.9 116.1 109.4 109.2 109.9 134.3 116.4 111.6 141.5 154.4 116.7 109.4 109.1 110.3 134.6 116.8 111 .7 Manufacturing Output per hour of all persons. ....... .. .. ............. ........ . Compensation per hour .. ....... .. ...... ... .. .. .... Real compensation per hour .. ................... Unit labor costs .. ...... ... ........... .. .. .. .. ..... ... 136.9 137.3 110.6 100.3 140.4 139.4 112.5 99.3 145.7 147.0 117.2 100.8 147.8 148.6 117.8 100.5 148.8 149.9 118.3 100.7 151.0 155.7 121 .8 103.1 152.1 158.5 123.8 104.2 155.9 161 .6 125.4 103.6 157.2 163.9 127.0 104.2 158.3 162.2 124.5 102.5 161 .5 163.7 163.2 165.5 125.0 101 .4 Business Output per hour of all persons .... ............... ... ........ Compensation per hour. ····· ···· · · ·· · ... ... .. .. .. ... ...... Real compensation per hour ... ...... . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . Unit labor costs .................. .. ....... .... .. ...... ........... Unit nonlabor payments . . . . . . . . . . ...... . ... . .. ··· ··•··· Implicit price deflator ..... .............. ..... ... .. . ... ...... .. Nonfarm business 108 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 143.8 144.1 115.9 100.2 144.1 124.3 101.4 49. Annual indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, selected years (1996 = 100] 1980 Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1999 1998 2000 2001 Private business Productivity: ........ Output per hour of all persons .. . . . . . . . ... .. . . Output per unit of capital services .. ···· ······ ···" '''"" ........ ...... ......... .. Multifactor productivity ... . ..... ... ... ..... .. . ······· ··· · ...... Output. ..... Inputs: Labor input .. . ..... ... .... . ... ....... .... .. ... .. .... .... .. ....... . ......... .. .. Capital services .. ... Combined units of labor and capital input ·· ·······" .......... ....... Capital per hour of all persons .. .. . 75.8 103.3 88.8 59 .4 90.2 99.7 95 .5 836 91 .3 96.5 94.5 82 .6 94 .8 98.0 96.7 85.7 95.4 98.7 97.1 88.5 96.6 100.4 98 .2 92.8 97.3 99.8 98.4 95.8 102.2 100.3 101.2 105.2 105.0 99.3 102.5 110.5 107.7 98 .2 103.4 115.7 111 .0 96 .6 105.0 120.4 112.4 92 .8 103.9 120.2 71 .9 57.6 67.0 73.4 89.4 83.8 87.5 90.4 88.3 85 .7 87.4 94 .6 89.3 87 .5 88 .7 96.8 91 .8 89.7 91 .1 96.6 95.6 92 .5 94.6 96 .2 98.0 96.0 97 .3 97.5 103.5 104.9 104.0 101.9 106.1 111.3 107.9 105.8 109.0 117.9 110.9 109.7 110.1 124.5 114.7 114.8 109.5 129.6 115.7 121.1 77.3 107.6 91.0 59.6 90 .3 100.4 95.8 83 .5 91.4 97 .0 94.8 82 .5 94.8 98.2 96.7 85.5 95.3 99.0 97 .2 88.4 96.5 100.4 98.2 92 .6 97.5 100.0 98 .6 95.8 102.0 100.0 101 .0 105.1 104.7 99.0 102.2 110.5 107.1 97.6 102.9 115.7 110.3 95.9 104.4 120.2 111 .6 92.0 103.3 120.1 70.7 55.4 65.5 71 .8 89.2 83.2 87 .2 89.9 87 .9 85.1 87 .0 94 .3 89 .0 87 .0 88.4 96.5 91.8 89.4 91.0 96.3 95.4 92.2 94.3 96 .1 97 .8 95.8 97.2 97.6 103.6 105.1 104.1 101 .9 106.4 111 .7 108.1 105.8 109.5 118.5 112.4 109.7 110.6 125.4 115.2 115.0 110.1 130.5 116.3 121 .3 620 97 .2 81.2 64 .3 82 .2 97 .5 93 .3 83.2 84 .1 93 .6 92.4 81 .5 88.6 95.9 94.0 85.5 90.2 96.9 95 .1 88.3 93.0 99.7 97.3 92 .9 96 .5 100.6 99.2 96.9 103.8 101.4 1031 105.6 108.9 101.7 105.7 110.5 114.0 101 .7 108.7 114.7 118.3 101 .0 111 .3 117.4 119.7 95.1 110.3 112.1 103.7 66 .1 86.1 63.9 65.8 79.2 101.1 85 .3 93.1 77.5 84.7 89.1 96.9 87.1 93 .2 78.5 84.6 88.3 96.5 89.1 93.1 83.5 92 .0 90.9 97 .8 91.1 96.6 86 .5 92 .9 92.8 99.9 93.2 99.9 90.3 96.0 95.5 100.4 96.4 102.3 93 .1 100.4 97.7 101 .7 104.1 97 .5 101 .9 103.9 102.4 101 .5 108.7 100.6 107.5 103.1 104.6 100.7 112.8 102.9 107.9 105.4 105.5 99.2 116.2 104.3 106.9 106.5 105.5 99.6 117.9 98.9 105.5 97.7 101 .6 Private nonfarm business Productivity: ...... ·· · •·····"' Output per hour of all persons ... Output per unit of capital services . . . . . . . .... . .. . .. ...... Multifactor productivity .. ·· ··· ·· ... .. ........ . Output ..... ... .. . .. ....... ..... ... .... ...... ...... ... . ·· ·• ...... . Inputs: . ..... . ...... .. ..... . Labor input .... .. ..... .. ···· ···· ...... ... .. Capital services .. . Combined units of labor and capital input .. .... .. .... Capital per hour of all persons .. .. ...... .. Manufacturing Productivity: ... .. ... ... ........ Output per hour of all persons ... Output per unit of capital services .. .... . .. ······· ·· · . ....... .......... Multifactor productivity .... ... .. .. .. . . . ..... . . . . . .... .. . Output ....... Inputs: . . .. .... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . Hours of all persons .... Capital services ........ ... ... .... ......... .. ...... .... . .. .... . ...... .. ········ ·· ··· ··· ··· ····· ............ .... ... Energy .. Nonenergy materials .... . ....... ··· ··· ········ ........ .. .... ... ... .. ..... . Purchased business services .. . Combined units of all factor inputs .... ···· ············· https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 109 Current Labor Statistics: Productivity Data 50. Annual indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, selected years (1992 = 100] Item 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Business Output per hour of all persons .... ····· ······················ Compensation per hour .. ....... ... ... ...... ...... ........ Real compensation per hour ···· ······· .. .... ........ .... ... Unit labor costs ..... ........ ...... .. ............ ........ ........ Unit nonlabor payments . . .. . ... ... . .. . ..... ... .. ... ......... .. Implicit price deflator .. ..... ........ ... ... . . . . . . .. .. . 48.7 13.8 60.5 28.4 24.9 27 .1 66.0 23.5 78.4 35.6 31 .5 34.1 79.0 54 .0 88.9 68 .4 61.3 65.8 94.4 90.5 96.1 95.9 93.9 95.1 101 .7 106.0 98.9 104.3 108.2 105.7 104.5 109.5 99.5 104.8 111 .9 107.4 106.5 113.0 100.5 106.1 113.9 109.0 109.3 119.7 105.0 109.5 109.9 109.7 112.4 125.4 107.8 111 .6 109.2 110.7 115.7 134.2 111 .6 116.0 107.2 112.7 118.3 139.7 113.0 118.1 109.5 114.9 124.0 147.8 113.7 115.2 117.0 115.8 129.6 147.9 115.1 114.1 123.0 117.4 Nonfarm business Output per hour of all persons .. ........ ... .......... Compensation per hour. ··· ·· .. .. ····· ·· •· ... ... .. ··· ·· · Real compensation per hour .. .... ........ ......... .. ..... Unit labor costs . ············ . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. . ...... . . . . ... ... Unit nonlabor payments .... . .. . . .. .. . . ...... ... ..... .... . .... Implicit price deflator .... ... ........ .... ...... ... ... . ·······" 51 .6 14.4 63.0 27.9 24.3 26 .6 67.7 23.6 78.8 34.9 31.1 33.5 80.3 54.2 89.2 67.5 60.4 64.9 94.4 90.3 95.9 95.6 93.6 94.9 102.1 106.0 98.9 103.8 109.2 105.8 104.7 109.4 99.4 104.5 112.1 107.3 106.4 112.8 100.3 106.0 114.6 109.1 109.2 119.4 104.7 109.3 110.9 109.9 112.2 124.9 107.3 111 .3 110.8 111 .1 115.3 133.7 111 .2 116.0 108.8 113.3 117.8 138.9 112.4 118.0 111.1 115.4 123.6 142.1 113.2 115.0 119.0 116.4 129.1 147.0 114.4 113.9 124.8 117.9 Nonflnancial corporations Output per hour of all employees ........ ..... .. . .. .. . . .. . ...... Compensation per hour. .. ........ .... ... ... ...... .... .. .... Real compensation per hour ....... .. ... ..... ... ..... .. .... Total unit costs .............. ······· ·..... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . Unit labor costs .................. ... .... ......... ...... ... ..... ..... Unit nonlabor costs .. ......... . ..... ... .. .... ....... .. .. .... .. ..... Unit profits ........... .. .. ....... ..... ........... .......... Unit nonlabor payments .. . ... ....... ... .. .. .. ............. . Implicit price deflator .. .. ................ ... ..... .... .. . ..... 56.6 16.1 70.3 26 .9 28.4 23.0 49.5 30 .1 28.9 70.4 25 .6 85.3 35.1 36.3 31 .7 43.7 34.9 35.9 81 .0 57.0 93.8 68.8 70.4 64.5 66.5 65.1 68.6 95.5 91.0 96.7 95.4 95.3 97.1 96.7 97.0 95.9 103.4 105.4 98.3 101 .8 102.0 101 .3 136.9 110.8 104.9 107.1 108.4 98.5 100.9 101 .2 99.9 149.9 113.3 105.3 109.8 111 .7 99.3 101.2 101 .7 99.8 154.4 114.4 105.9 112.8 117.9 103.4 103.2 104.5 99.9 137.5 109.9 106.3 116.4 123.3 105.9 104.6 106.0 101.0 129.8 108.7 106.9 120.6 131 .7 109.5 108.0 109.2 104.8 109.3 106.1 108.1 122.7 137.0 110.8 111 .2 111.6 110.2 91.4 105.2 109.5 128.9 140.1 111.5 109.4 108.6 111 .5 111.4 111 .5 109.6 136.3 145.9 113.5 107.4 107.0 108.4 134.2 115.3 109.8 Manufacturing Output per hour of all persons. .... ........ ............. Compensation per hour ....... .......... .. ··• ·· .. .. ....... Real compensation per hour ..... .. ... ...... ...... .. .. Unit labor costs. ... ... ....... ..... ..... . ... .. .. ........... .. ...... Unit nonlabor payments .. ... ........ .. .. ..... ........ ... . ... Implicit price deflator .... .......... .......... .... ...... .... .. .. 41 .8 14.9 65.0 35.6 26.8 30.2 54.2 23.7 79.2 43 .8 29.3 35.0 70.1 55 .6 91.4 79.3 80.2 79.9 92.9 90.1 95.7 97.0 101 .1 99.5 110.1 107.7 100.5 97.8 107.6 103.9 113.9 109.9 99.8 96.5 110.4 105.2 117.9 112.0 99 .7 95.0 110.5 104.6 123.5 118.8 104.2 96.2 104.1 101 .1 128.2 123.8 106.3 96 .6 105.0 101.8 134.2 135.0 112.3 100.6 107.0 104.6 137.1 138.3 111 .8 100.8 105.8 103.9 147.1 143. 8 114.5 97.8 154.6 151 .9 118.2 98.2 . ···· ·· ·· Dash indicates data not available. 110 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 - - - - 51. Annual indexes of output per hour for selected NAICS industries, 1990-2002 (1997=100] 1990 NAICS Industry 21 211 212 2121 2122 2123 Mining .. ..... ....... .. ... .... .. .. ... ..... .... ......... Oil and gas extraction ... . . ... .. . . ... ..... ..... ........ Mining, except oil and gas ..... .. .. .... ..... . ... . ... .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . Coal mining ....... ..... ... . .. .. .. Metal ore mining ··· ··· ·· ············ ················ ...... Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying .... .. 2211 2212 Power generation and supply .. .. .... . .. . . . ... .. Natural gas distribution .. ..... ... ...... .. ... . . .. .. . .. .. .. 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 1991 1992 1993 1994 1996 1995 1997 1998 Mining 2000 1999 2001 2002 86.0 78.4 79.3 68.1 79.9 92.3 86.8 78.8 80.0 69.3 82.7 89.5 95.2 81.9 86.8 75.3 91.7 96.1 96.2 85.1 89.9 79.9 102.2 93.6 99.6 90.3 93.0 83.9 104.1 96.9 101 .8 95.5 94.0 88.2 98.5 97.3 101 .7 98.9 96.0 94.9 95.3 97.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.4 101.6 104.6 106.5 109.5 101 .3 111 .1 107.9 105.9 110.3 112.7 101 .2 109.5 115.2 106.8 115.8 124.4 96.2 107.7 117.4 109.0 114.4 131 .8 99.3 112.3 119.3 111 .7 112.2 143.9 103.8 71 .2 71 .4 73.8 72 .7 74 .2 75.8 78.7 79.8 83.0 82.1 88 .6 89.0 95.5 96.1 100.0 100.0 103.8 99.1 104.1 103.1 107.0 113.1 106.4 1100 102.4 114.9 Animal food .... ..... .. ... ..... ....... .... ... . . . . . . . . ... .. Grain and oilseed milling .. .. ........ .. .. ... . . . . . .... . Sugar and confectionery products .... .... ... .. ...... Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty .... .. Dairy products ... ...... .... ........ .. . ... ... ... .... ... .. 90.1 89.0 91 .0 86.4 90.8 89.3 91 .2 93.8 89.7 92.1 90.2 91 .1 90.5 90.7 95.4 90.2 93.8 92.5 93.8 93.9 87.3 94.7 94.0 94.9 95.4 94.0 99.1 94.3 97.1 98.7 87.5 91 .3 98.2 98.2 98.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 109.4 107.5 104.0 106.8 99.1 109.5 114.2 107.1 108.4 94.5 109.7 112.5 111 .9 109.8 96.0 127.2 117.3 109.9 117.0 96.2 - 3116 3117 3118 3119 3121 Animal slaughtering and processing ........... ... , ... Seafood product preparation and packaging . ..... . Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing .... .. ... ..... ... .. . Other food products ....... ........ ...... .... .. . .... .. ... Beverages .... ... ........ ..... .. ... ... ...... .... .. .. .... .... . 94 .5 117.5 92.6 91.9 86.5 96.8 112.0 92.3 93.5 90.1 101.5 115.3 95.6 95.9 93.8 100.9 113.9 96.0 102.8 93.2 97.4 114.1 96.7 100.3 97.7 98.5 108.4 99.7 101 .3 99.6 94.3 116.2 97.7 103.0 101 .1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 117.0 103.8 106.9 98.5 100.3 130.2 105.4 108.8 92.4 101.9 137.6 105.3 110.2 90.6 102.7 147.3 106.3 103.2 91 .7 - 3122 3131 3132 3133 3141 Tobacco and tobacco products .... ....... ..... ... .. .. .. Fiber, yam, and thread mills .. .... ..... . .. .. ... . ... .... Fabric mills . ... ....... . ··· ··· ····· ·········· ... ... .. ..... . Textile and fabric finishing mills .. .... .... ... ... .. ..... . Textile furnishings mills .. .. .. .. ....... .. .... ... .... 81.4 73.9 75.0 81.7 88.2 77.3 74.7 77.7 80.4 88.6 79.6 80.1 81.5 83.7 93.0 73.7 84.6 85.0 86.0 93.7 89.8 87.2 91.9 87.8 90.1 97.5 92.0 95.8 84.5 92 .5 99.4 98.7 98.0 85.0 93.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.1 102.2 103.9 100.6 99.9 92.1 104.6 109.8 101 .7 101 .2 98.0 102.6 110.2 104.0 106.8 100.0 110.5 109.1 109.7 106.9 - 3149 3151 3152 3159 3161 Other textile product millsv Apparel knitting mills ..... ... ... ... . .. ..... .. ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... . Cut and sew apparel. . Accessories and other apparel .. . ..... .. .... ... ... Leather and hide tanning and finishing . ..... .. .. 90.0 88.7 72 .0 97.3 56.6 92.0 93.2 73.1 98.7 76.7 90.3 102.5 76.6 99.0 83.1 94.5 104.3 80.5 104.6 75.9 95.9 109.5 85.5 112.4 78.6 96.3 121 .9 90.5 112 .6 91 .5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.0 96.6 104.0 110.8 98.0 110.4 102.0 118.8 103.3 101 .6 110.4 110.2 127.7 104.9 110.0 105.0 108.4 131.7 114.8 109.7 - ... 91.1 85.6 70.1 100.9 60.8 3162 3169 3211 3212 3219 Footwear ... .. .. ...... .. ..... . .... ..... .... ... .. ..... Other leather products .... ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .... Sawmills and wood preservation .............. . .. ... .. Plywood and engineered wood products .. ...... ... . Other wood products ...... .... ........ ... ... .. ..... .... 77.1 102.5 79.2 102.3 105.4 74.7 100.2 81.6 107.4 104.7 83.1 97.0 86.1 114.7 104.0 81.7 94.3 82.6 108.9 103.0 90.4 80.0 85.1 105.8 99.3 95.6 73.2 91.0 101 .8 100.4 103.4 79.7 96.2 101 .2 100.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.9 109.2 100.8 105.6 101 .5 116.8 100.4 105.4 99.9 105.4 124.1 107.6 106.5 100.5 104.0 142.7 114.1 109.0 105.0 104.6 - 3221 3222 3231 3241 3251 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills .. .. .... . .... . Converted paper products ... ....... . ... . . .. . .. ... . .. .. Printing and related support activities ... .. ...... .. Petroleum and coal products ... ... .. .. ... .... .. ... ... Basic chemicals ........... .... ........ .. ... .. . .... .... . . 88.5 90.5 96.6 76.7 91.4 88.1 93.5 95.4 75.8 90.1 92.3 93.7 101.3 78.9 89.4 92.9 96.3 100.1 84.5 89.9 97.6 97.6 98.3 85.6 95.1 102.0 97 .2 98.8 90.1 92.3 97.6 98.3 99.6 94.8 90.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.1 102.7 100.5 102.1 102.5 111.4 101 .5 103.5 107.8 114.7 115.7 1019 104.9 113.2 118.4 117.5 101.0 105.6 112.2 111 .0 - 3252 3253 3254 3255 3256 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers .... .. . ...... ...... Agricultural chemicals ....... . .......... . . ... ... .. . ... .. .. . . .. . Pharmaceuticals and medicines .. Paints, coatings, and adhesives .... ... .... . ...... .. Soap, cleaning compounds, and toiletries . ........ . 75.8 84.6 91.4 85.1 83.2 74.7 81 .0 92 .6 85.9 84.2 80.6 81 .3 88.2 87.6 83.4 83.8 85.6 88.1 90.9 86.9 93.5 87.4 92 .4 94.1 88.6 95.9 90.7 96.3 92.7 93 .9 93.3 92.1 99.9 98.3 95 .6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 105.5 98.8 92 .9 99.1 96.6 108.8 87.6 94.6 98.8 91 .1 108.1 91.4 93.4 98.5 99.2 103.8 91 .1 97.4 102.1 102.7 - 3259 3261 3262 3271 3272 Other chemical products and preparations .. .. ... .. Plastics products ... ... .. .. .. . .. ... . ...... ... . .. .... ... Rubber products ... .... .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. ... .... Clay products and refractories .. .......... .. ..... Glass and glass products .... . .. ..... ... .... ... .. ... . 76.6 84.7 83.0 89.2 80.0 78.0 86 .3 83.8 87.5 79.1 84 .7 90.3 84.9 91 .5 84.3 90.6 91.9 90.4 91 .9 86.1 92.6 94.4 90.3 96.6 87.5 94.4 94.5 92 .8 97.4 88.8 94 .2 97.0 94.4 102.6 96.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.4 103.5 100.5 101 .3 102.7 109.2 109.3 101 .4 103.5 108.6 120.0 111 .2 103.9 103.6 109.7 111 .3 113.3 104.2 97 .6 105.2 3273 3274 3279 3311 3312 Cement and concrete products ......... ...... ...... . Lime and gypsum products .. . .... .. ......... ... ... ... Other nonmetallic mineral products ... ............ Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production. ..... Steel products from purchased steel. ....... . .. ...... 94.8 84.1 79.8 69.6 83.8 93.7 82.7 81.4 67.2 86.4 94.8 88.5 90.2 74.1 89.9 96.5 90.1 89.3 81.7 95.9 95.0 87.8 90.5 87.2 100.0 98.2 88.8 91 .7 89.7 100.5 100.6 92 .4 96.5 94.1 100.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.5 113.1 98.8 101.7 100.3 104.1 102.7 95.5 106.5 94.2 100.4 97.0 95.6 108.5 96.4 97.1 100.1 96.8 106.7 97.1 - 3313 3314 3315 3321 3322 Alumina and aluminum production ...... ... .. . ...... . Other nonferrous metal production ... ..... .... ...... ......... ..... .. .... , Foundries .. Forging and stamping .. ... .... ..... . .... .. ..... Cutlery and hand tools ... .. ... . .. ...... . .. .... . .... 91 .9 95.6 85.3 88.6 85.1 93.3 95.8 84.5 86.5 85.4 96.8 98.8 85.8 91.7 87.2 96.0 101.8 89.8 94.6 91 .7 100.3 105.1 91.4 93.7 94.4 96.8 102.9 93.1 94.2 97.8 95.9 105.7 96.2 97.6 104.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .1 111.2 101.6 103.7 100.0 104.3 108.9 104.9 110.9 107.8 97.8 103.1 104.0 121 .3 105.8 96.9 100.5 109.3 121 .8 110.2 - 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 Architectural and structural metals . .... ... ... ...... . Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers ..... . .... .. . Hardware ..... ... . .... ... . ... ....... .......... ..... .. . Spring and wire products ..... .. ........ . . ..... .... ... . Machine shops and threaded products ......... .... 87.8 90.4 84.4 85.2 78.8 89.1 92 .6 83.8 88.4 79.8 92.5 95.3 86.9 90.9 87.2 93.4 94.8 89.6 95.3 86.9 95.1 100.5 95.7 91.5 91.6 93.9 97 .8 97.3 99.5 98.7 94.2 100.7 102.6 102.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .1 101 .3 101 .0 111.6 99.3 101 .8 98.9 106.5 112.9 103.9 101 .0 97.7 115.8 114.6 107.2 100.7 98.2 114.6 110.6 107.2 - . Utilities Manufacturing . . . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 - - - - - - - 111 Current Labor Statistics: Productivity Data 51. Continued-Annual indexes of output per hour for selected NAICS industries, 1990-2002 [1997=100) NAICS Industry 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 3328 3329 3331 3332 3333 Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals ...... Other fabricated metal products .......... ............. Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery Industrial machinery ..................... ...... .... ..... Commercial and service industry machinery .. 81 .6 86.7 82.8 80.6 91.4 78.1 85.9 77.2 81.1 89.6 86.9 90.6 79.6 79.5 96.5 91 .9 92.1 84.1 84.9 101.7 96.5 95.0 91 .0 90.0 101.2 102.8 97.1 95.6 97.9 103.0 102.9 98.9 95.9 98.8 106.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .7 102.3 104.2 94.4 107.5 101.5 100.2 95.0 105.2 111 .2 105.9 100.8 101.0 129.7 101 .4 105.1 98.2 99.5 104.6 3334 3335 3336 3339 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment Metalworking machinery .. ......... ... ....... ...... Turbine and power transmission equipment ....... Other general purpose machinery .. .. ........ ....... 88.8 85.3 85.1 85.9 88.2 82.3 84.6 85.2 90.8 89.3 81 .2 85.1 93.8 89.3 84.8 89.8 97.3 94.0 93.3 91 .5 96.6 99.1 92 .1 94.6 97.8 98.1 97.9 95.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 106.6 99.1 106.4 103.2 110.4 100.5 113.3 105.6 108.3 106.4 117.1 113.0 110.8 102.0 130.2 109.4 3341 Computer and peripheral equipment .... ............ 14.3 15.8 20.6 27.9 35.9 51.3 72.6 100.0 138.6 190.3 225.4 237.0 3342 3343 3344 3345 3346 Communications equipment. .. ........ .. ... . ····· ·· Audio and video equipment ... ...... ........ ...... ... Semiconductors and electronic components ····· ·· Electronic instruments .......... ..................... Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction 47.3 75.5 21.4 76.0 86.6 49.3 82.8 24.5 80.5 91.2 59.3 92 .1 29.6 83.1 93.0 62.1 98.8 34.1 85.8 96.8 70.1 108.5 43.1 88.8 106.1 74.6 140.0 63.4 96.8 106.7 84.3 104.7 81.8 97.7 103.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 102.7 103.1 125.2 101.3 105.4 134.0 116.2 174.5 105.1 106.8 165.5 123.3 233.3 114.3 104.0 155.2 126.3 231.6 116.1 98.6 3351 3352 3353 3359 3361 Electric lighting equipment ... ....... .... . .............. Household appliances .. . ··· ··· ···· . .. ... ...... .... . Electrical equipment ......... .. .. .. ..... . . . . . . . . .. . Other electrical equipment and components .. Motor vehicles .. ······· ······ .... . . .. .... 87.3 76.4 73.6 75.3 86.0 88.5 76.4 72.7 74.2 82.4 93.6 82.4 78.9 81.6 91.2 90.8 88.9 85.8 86.8 89.8 94.5 95.0 89.0 89.4 90.3 92.2 92.7 98.l 92.0 88.6 95.6 93.1 100.2 96.0 91 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.8 105.1 99.8 105.5 113.3 102.5 104.3 98.9 114.8 123.3 101 .9 117.5 100.6 120.5 110.4 105.4 122.6 101 .0 113.5 108.7 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 Motor vehicle bodies and trailers .. .. .. ... ... ... .... Motor vehicle parts ....... . ... ... .... ..... ... Aerospace products and parts .. ..... ... . . . ... . Railroad rolling stock ...... ......... ... ...... .. ... .... ... Ship and boat building ... .... ..... ....... ..... . .... .. 75.8 75.7 87.7 77.2 99.6 71.8 74.5 92.1 80.0 92.6 88.3 82.4 94.l 81.1 98.5 96.3 88.5 98.2 82.3 101.3 97.7 91.8 93.8 83.1 99.0 97.3 92.3 93.7 82.0 93.1 98.4 93.1 98.1 80.9 94.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 102.7 104.8 118.5 102.9 100.3 103.1 110.4 118.0 116.0 112.2 98.4 112.7 101.0 117.7 120.1 99.4 114.8 114.7 124.7 119.8 3369 3371 3372 3379 3391 3399 Other transportation equipment.. ·· ··· ·· ..... . . Household and institutional furniture ..... .. ... . . . .. Office furniture and fixtures. ...... ...... .. ......... .. . Other furniture-related products .. ............. .... Medical equipment and supplies . . . . . . . . ... . .. ..... .. Other miscellaneous manufacturing .. .... .... . .. . .. 62.6 87.6 80.8 88.1 81.2 90.1 62.0 88.2 78.8 88.6 83.1 90.6 88.4 92.9 86.2 88.4 88.1 90.0 99.8 93.8 87.9 90.5 91 .1 92.3 93.4 94.1 83.4 93.6 90.8 93.0 93.1 97.1 84.3 94.5 95.0 96.0 99.8 99.5 85.6 96.7 100.0 99.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 110.8 102.7 100.1 107.2 108.9 101.9 113.3 103.7 98.5 102.5 109.6 105.2 130.9 102.5 100.2 100.1 114.2 112.9 146.9 106.1 97.1 105.3 119.0 110.9 42 423 4231 4232 4233 Wholesale trade Wholesale trade ... ... .... ............ .... ..... .. ... ... ... Durable goods .. .. ... .... . .. . ... .... ... ........... .... Motor vehicles and parts .... .............. ........ ..... Furniture and furnishings ...... ........... ... ... .. .. .. . Lumber and construction supplies ... . ........ . . .. 77.8 65.7 76.6 82.4 115.0 79.1 66.1 73.3 87.2 113.2 86.2 75.0 82.2 92.0 119.6 89.5 80.5 88.0 95.8 113.9 91.3 84.5 94.1 93.3 111 .9 93.3 88.9 93.6 96.8 103.6 96.2 94.0 94.9 97.0 103.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 104.4 105.6 104.7 97.5 102.9 110.9 115.3 119.8 100.8 104.8 114.1 119.6 114.0 105.5 101 .7 117.1 120.3 114.1 105.4 108.6 123.6 127.7 121.7 101 .8 119.2 4234 4235 4236 4237 4238 Commercial equipment ........ ........... ..... Metals and minerals ..... ...... ... .. . . ..... .. ... .... .. Electric goods ... . ·· ··· .. ....... . . .. ................... Hardware and plumbing ... ... ... ..... .... .. .. . ..... ... Machinery and supplies ... ..... .............. .. .......... 33.8 101.6 46.8 88.8 78.9 37.3 102.6 47.6 86.5 74.2 48 .2 109.1 51.4 95.6 79.7 56.2 111 .7 59.l 94.3 84.3 60.5 110.1 68.2 101 .3 85.4 74.7 101 .2 79.3 98.0 89.7 88.4 102.7 87.8 99.1 93.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 118.2 102.4 105.9 103.5 104.2 141 .1 96.0 126.2 107.8 101 .4 148.9 99.2 151.7 111.1 104.1 164.9 102.2 148.1 102.6 102.7 189.4 102.2 161.2 107.9 100.2 4239 424 4241 4242 4243 Miscellaneous durable goods .. .... .... ... ....... Nondurable goods .... .... .. ........ .. ... ........... Paper and paper products . . . . . . . . .. ..... ... Druggists' goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... .. ... Apparel and piece goods ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 89.5 98.4 81 .0 81.8 103.9 96.6 99.8 85.5 86.6 103.3 112.1 103.2 96.5 91 .8 100.1 113.2 103.0 97.2 89.3 97.7 106.1 101 .8 101 .5 92.8 103.8 99.2 99.7 99.0 95.4 92.2 101 .0 99.2 96.5 98.3 99.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .8 102.8 100.4 99.6 104.1 112.6 104.1 105.5 101 .7 103.5 116.7 103.5 105.5 96.8 102.7 116.1 106.9 109.0 101 .2 102.4 125.5 112.6 120.2 116.0 111.5 4244 4245 4246 4247 4248 Grocery and related products ....... .... . ... ....... ... Farm product raw materials .. ...... . . ........ .. .. . .. Chemicals .. ........ .... ........ .. .. .. . ... . ........... .. . Petroleum .. ...... ............... ... . .... .. .. ....... Alcoholic beverages ... ... ..... .... .. ... ... ....... .. .. . 96.4 80.6 107.3 97.3 109.4 98.2 85.9 106.6 107.0 111.2 103.6 85.9 112.5 118.3 107.4 105.1 84.0 110.0 119.1 105.6 103.3 80.4 110.5 115.8 105.9 103.0 87.7 102.1 108.7 102.5 99.8 90.6 100.0 105.9 104.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .9 100.4 99.3 115.0 109.7 103.6 114.2 98.0 112.0 110.1 105.2 119.0 95.8 112.5 111.0 109.4 120.0 93.6 116.5 111 .6 111.8 135.4 96.9 126.0 117.3 4249 425 42511 42512 Miscellaneous nondurable goods. ... ............ Electronic markets and agents and brokers .... Business to business electronic markets .. Wholesale trade agents and brokers . ...... 107.3 70.7 70.4 70.8 98.2 73.6 72.6 74.0 93.9 81 .5 80.3 82.3 97.5 85.9 84.8 86.8 94.8 88.0 88.3 88.4 96.2 91.1 90.5 91 .8 98.7 95.7 95.3 96.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .7 104.6 103.5 104.8 99.6 114.4 121.7 110.5 106.2 124.1 141 .3 115.7 104.2 131.3 169.4 114.2 97.0 132.6 205.0 109.3 44-45 441 4411 4412 4413 Retail trade Retail trade .... .. ........ .... .. ........... . .. ... ... Motor vehicle and parts dealers. .. ... . .... . . . ....... Automobile dealers .. . . . .... .. . . . . . . ... ... .. Other motor vehicle dealers ..... .. ....... ..... · •·· Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores .. .......... 83.2 89.7 92 .1 69.0 85.0 83.3 88.3 90.8 71.7 84.0 86.8 92 .6 94 .8 78.3 89.1 89.4 94.0 96.0 84.1 90.6 92.8 96.9 98.0 90.2 95.4 94.7 97.0 97.2 91.0 97.9 97.7 98.8 98.9 97.7 98.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 104.3 102.7 102.7 105.9 105.7 110.3 106.4 106.4 113.0 110.0 114.2 107.2 106.6 108.6 112.0 117.4 110.0 109.1 112.6 109.3 122.7 109.7 106.0 116.4 115.8 442 4421 4422 443 444 Furniture and home furnishings stores. .... .... Furniture stores ... ... .... ......... . .. . ... Home furnishings stores .. ........ ... . .. .. ....... ... Electronics and appliance stores .. Building material and garden supply stores .. 80.7 82.1 78.5 46.0 81.8 81.1 83.5 77.6 49.2 80.2 88.1 89.0 86.8 56.9 84.0 88.3 89.0 87.2 65.5 88.0 90.4 88.9 92.1 77.6 93.7 94 .1 92.5 95.9 89.2 93.7 99.4 97.8 101.3 95.0 97.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .7 102.1 101.3 122.9 106.7 109.6 108.2 111.4 152.2 112.3 115.7 114.8 116.8 177.7 113.1 118.5 121.1 115.6 199.1 115.8 125.1 128.6 121.4 240.0 119.9 1990 .. 112 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 1991 1992 1993 1994 2002 94.4 51. Continued - Annual indexes of output per hour for selected NAICS industries, 1990-2002 [1997=100] 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1996 1995 1997 1998 NAICS Industry 4441 4442 445 4451 4452 Building material and supplies dealers ................ Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores ....... Food and beverage stores .. Grocery stores .. .. ........ ............... .............. Specialty food stores .. ·········"·· ·· .. ... .. .. .. ..... 83.2 74.5 107.1 106.5 122.9 80.7 77.5 106.6 106.6 115.0 84 .7 80.2 106.9 106.7 111.4 89.1 81 .5 105.4 105.9 107.6 94.8 86.9 104.3 104.9 104.5 94.8 87.0 102.5 103.0 101 .1 97.6 97.1 100.3 100.8 95.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 107.6 101 .2 99.9 100.3 95.0 4453 Beer, wine and liquor stores ........ . ....... ......... 100.1 100.2 101 .0 94.4 92.9 96.2 103.1 100.0 91 .6 85.7 70.5 90.7 88.5 75.3 91.9 92.8 78.9 91 .8 96.8 83.3 93.0 99.7 91 .2 95.7 99.4 97.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 2000 1999 2001 2002 113.7 103.5 103.7 104.3 99.6 113.8 108.2 105.1 104.9 105.6 115.3 119.4 107.6 107.5 110.8 119.8 121 .2 110.3 110.3 114.2 105.8 99.8 111 .1 110.4 111 .8 104.1 105.6 105.4 106.9 110.6 112.8 111.4 106.5 120.3 112.7 109.8 123.5 118.8 117.5 129.0 446 447 Health and personal care stores .... ........ .. ..... .. . Gasoline stations .... ...... ........... .. . .. . .. ..... . 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores ....... .... 92.0 84.8 69.5 4481 Clothing stores ....... .............. .. .... ..... . .. .... .. 68.9 71.4 77.1 79.2 81 .9 90.1 97.1 100.0 106.7 113.3 120.9 125.2 132.7 4482 451 4511 4512 Shoe stores .. ... ..... . .. . . . .. .. ... . .... .... .. Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores ... Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ... Sporting goods and musical instrument stores .... Book, periodical, and music stores .. ... .... ........ 73.7 68 .6 80.8 77.1 89.0 73 .1 64 .5 85.6 82.8 91 .8 78.2 65.0 83.8 79.8 92 .5 79.2 77.1 84.0 80.6 91 .6 88.3 85.0 87.2 83.9 94.5 93.7 94 .1 93.0 92.3 94.5 102.4 97.3 94.7 92 .5 99.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.8 107.0 108.7 112.9 101 .0 104.9 118.3 114.9 120.4 104.7 109.6 128.0 121 .1 128.3 108.0 115.8 122.5 125.4 130.4 116.0 120.0 121 .5 132.9 137.9 123.8 452 4521 4529 453 4531 General merchandise stores .. .......... . ... ..... . ' Department stores ..... .. ...... ..... ... .... ..... ...... Other general merchandise stores .. . . . . . ... . Miscellaneous store retailers .. ... .. ......... ....... . Florists ....... .... ..... .............. ... ......... ......... ... 75.3 84 .0 61 .4 70.6 75.1 79.0 88.3 64.8 68.0 75.9 83.0 91 .6 69.7 74.2 85.1 88.5 95.0 77.8 79.1 91.4 90.6 95.1 82 .6 87.0 85.4 92 .2 94.7 87.6 89.5 83 .5 96.9 98.4 94.3 95.0 96.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 105.0 100.6 113.4 108.3 101 .2 113.1 104.5 129.8 109.8 117.3 119.9 106.3 145.9 111 .3 116.0 124.2 104.0 162.1 108.4 108.6 130.5 104.7 177.5 115.6 120.7 4532 4533 4539 454 64.6 84.9 79.6 54.4 43.5 97.1 70.0 66.3 83.1 69.2 55.0 46.7 95.4 67.6 71 .5 89.7 74.7 63 .4 50 .6 95.1 82.1 75.8 88.9 80.5 66.7 58.3 92.8 79.7 87.5 87.3 89.7 73.8 62.9 94.1 89.2 90.9 90.2 90.5 80 .9 71 .9 89.3 94.7 91 .8 97.4 98.0 91 .6 84.4 96.9 102.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 113.0 113.5 105.0 111 .3 118.2 4542 4543 Office supplies, stationery and gift stores .. ..... .. .. Used merchandise stores .......... ................ Other miscellaneous store retailers ............... .... . Nonstore retailers .......... .... .... ........... ······ ·· Electronic shopping and mail-order houses . ....... ......... Vending machine operators ... ... Direct selling establishments .......... .. . .. ..... .. .. .. . 96.2 118.0 109.8 101 .6 125.4 141.5 118.1 96.3 124.1 115.7 99.6 142.8 159.8 127.1 104.3 125.1 115.0 93.2 146.9 177.5 110.4 98.7 140.3 121.4 92.8 169.6 209.8 113.3 110.2 481 482111 48412 491 Transportation and warehousing Air transportation ..... ......... .......... ..... .. .. . .. .. . Line-haul railroads .. ..... .. .... .... ...... .............. General freight trucking, long-distance ......... .. ... U.S. Postal service ........ ..... ......... . ········· . ... 77.5 69.8 88.5 96.1 78.2 75.3 92.4 95.8 81.4 82.3 97 .5 96.5 84.7 85.7 95.6 99.0 90.8 88.6 98.1 98.5 95.3 92 .0 95.4 98.3 98.8 98.4 95.7 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.6 102.1 99.1 101.4 98.2 105.5 102.0 102.4 98.2 114.3 105.5 104.9 91 .9 121.9 104.2 106.1 103.2 131 .9 109.4 107.0 5111 5112 51213 5151 5152 5171 5172 5175 Information Newspaper, book, and directory publishers .... .... Software publishers . ................ .. .. ... ..... ...... .. Motion picture and video exhibition ................ .. Radio and television broadcasting .. ..... .......... Cable and other subscription programming ....... . Wired telecommunications carriers .. .. ... ........ Wireless telecommunications carriers .. .. . . ....... Cable and other program distribution ............... 97.4 28.6 109.4 96.1 98.8 64.8 76.3 99.1 96.1 30.6 108.9 97.8 94.3 68.4 73.8 94.3 95.8 42.7 104.1 102.8 96.0 74 .5 85.6 95.9 95.3 51 .7 104.6 101.4 93.6 79.7 94.8 93.5 93.0 64.6 103.4 106.0 92.0 85.1 97.1 91.9 93.5 73.0 99.9 106.1 94.4 90.6 98.3 94 .2 92.7 88.0 100.0 104.1 93.7 97.5 103.0 93.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 104.5 115.9 99.9 99.1 129.3 105.5 114.2 95.7 108.5 113.0 102.0 99.4 133.2 112.7 134.3 94.5 110.1 103.9 106.5 98.4 135.7 119.9 139.0 90.4 106.4 101.9 104.7 94.3 125.3 121 .0 172.7 87.6 108.1 106.7 104.4 100.4 131 .4 130.6 192.0 93.5 52211 Finance and Insurance . . . . . . . . . .. . Commercial banking . ........... 80.5 83.2 83 .3 90.3 92.9 96 .0 99 .3 100.0 98.0 101 .5 104.2 101 .6 103.8 532111 53212 Real estate and rental and leasing ..... ...... Passenger car rental .. Truck, trailer and RV rental and leasing ........... ... 89.8 70.7 97 .8 71.7 104.4 69.5 106.1 75.8 107.9 82.0 101 .1 90.3 108.9 96 .7 100.0 100.0 101 .2 93.7 113.1 97.8 112.0 95.9 112.1 93.6 113.3 91 .4 541213 54181 Tax preparation services .... ...... .... ... .. .. .... .. .. . . .. ... ... Advertising agencies ......... ..... 92 .4 105.0 84.7 99.7 99.5 111 .9 119.1 111 .3 119.9 106.8 96.2 101.4 92.1 102.1 100.0 100.0 105.1 95.8 99.2 110.1 91.8 116.6 78 .2 116.7 92 .1 123.9 7211 722 7221 7222 7223 7224 Accomodatlon and food services Traveler accommodations ................ . . . . . . . . . . ... Food services and drinking places .. ....... ......... .. Full-service restaurants ..... ........ ....... ........... .. Limited-service eating places ... ......... ..... .... ..... Special food services ........ .......... .......... .... .... Drinking places, alcoholic beverages .............. 82.9 102.9 99.1 103.3 107.2 125.7 85.4 102.3 98.3 103.3 106.9 121 .2 92 .9 101.7 97.5 102.7 106.4 121 .5 93.0 102.3 97.7 105.6 103.8 112.7 97.0 100.8 97.8 103.6 101 .1 102.6 99.2 100.6 96.6 104.7 99.3 104.4 1001 99.2 96.3 102.2 97.6 102.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101 .2 100.0 102.4 102.1 100.0 103.6 101 .1 99.2 102.5 106.0 99.4 107.7 103.5 100.8 105.1 111 .7 100.4 102.0 103.7 100.8 106.6 108.4 98 .2 104.1 104.9 102.0 107.1 108.1 107.2 8111 81211 81221 8123 81292 Other services (except public administration) Automotive repair and maintenance .... . ..... ..... Hair, nail and skin care services ... ...... .... .. .. . . .. Funeral homes and funeral services .. ... ..... ... .. .. Drycleaning and laundry services . .... ...... Photofinishing ....... ......... ... . ..... .. . .. ... . .. .. . 92 .8 81 .6 96.1 95.6 117.3 86.5 79.8 94.3 93.2 115.6 90.0 85.6 104.7 94.9 91 .2 84.3 100.4 93.8 123.6 96.7 88.7 103.6 95.9 124.9 102.9 92.4 100.4 98.8 114.7 98 .9 97.1 97.9 101.6 103.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 105.0 102.7 103.8 105.0 99.4 106.9 103.6 100.4 109.5 106.9 108.6 103.0 94.5 113.7 107.6 109.3 109.5 93.9 121 .1 115.0 103.7 104.2 90.9 120.2 133.6 4483 4541 114.1 Professional, scientific, and technical services . 116.2 NOTE: Dash indicates data are not available. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 113 Current Labor Statistics: International Comparison 52. Unemployment rates, approximating U.S. concepts, in nine countries, quarterly data seasonally adjusted Annual average Country 2002 2003 2002 2003 Ill II IV I Ill II United States ......... Canada ..... .......... Australia ..... ········· 5.8 7.0 6.4 Japan ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.2 France .. ..... .. ....... 8.7 9.3 8.6 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.4 Germany. ............ 8.6 9.3 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.4 9.1 8.8 5.8 5.0 9.2 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.8 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.0 ltaly 1 • .... ....... .. .. Sweden 2 . .... United Kingdom .. 1 5.1 5.2 6.0 6.9 6.1 5.8 6.9 6.4 5.7 7.0 6.3 Quarterly rates are for the first month of the quarter. 5.9 6.9 6.2 5.8 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.9 6.2 2004 IV 6.1 7.2 6.1 I II 5.6 6.7 5.7 5.6 6.6 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.7 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.9 8.7 8.6 5.8 5.0 6.2 4.9 8.6 6.6 4.8 5.9 6.8 5.8 6.8 4.8 'Notes on the data" for information on breaks in series. For further qualifications and historical data, see Comparative Civilian Labor Preliminary data for 2003. Force Statistics, Ten Countries, 1959-2003 (Bureau of Labor NOTE: Quarterly figures for France and Germany are calculated by applying annual adjustment factors to current published data, Statistics, June 23, 2004), on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/fls/home.htm. and therefore should be viewed as less precise indicators of Monthly and quarterly unemployment rates , updated monthly, are unemployment under U.S. concepts than the annual figures. See also on this site. 114 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 53. Annual data: employment status of the working-age population, approximating U.S. concepts, 10 countries [Numbers in thousands] Employment status and country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 131,056 14,400 132,304 14,517 133,943 14,669 137,673 15,237 9,115 66,450 25,010 142,583 15,789 9,590 38,980 22,460 7,210 39,142 22,570 7,300 66,990 26,070 39,302 23,340 9,907 66,240 26,590 39,413 10,092 66,010 26,730 39,276 7,010 4,444 28,165 39,074 22,450 7,150 67,090 25,790 39,375 23,130 143,734 16,027 9,752 66,870 146,510 16,819 8,995 65,990 24,760 139,368 15,536 9,414 144,863 16,475 8,770 65,780 24,670 136,297 14,958 9,204 4,418 28,149 4,460 28,157 7,850 4,430 8,150 4,489 23,880 8,330 4,567 66.3 65.5 63.5 66.6 65.2 63.9 63.3 55.4 63.1 1993 Civilian labor force United States .. .. ....... Canada .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Australia ... ... ......... ... . .. . ... . ...... Japan .. . . . . . . . . . . . . France. ... ... . .. ·•· • ··••· • •· •·· Germany .. . ... ...... .. . .. . . .... . ... .. Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. Netherlands . Sweden .. ·· · • · · ... ... .. .. . •·· United Kingdom .. 129,200 14,308 8,613 65,470 24,480 39,102 22,570 67,200 25,130 39,415 9,339 67,240 25,460 26,350 39,459 23,540 8,340 4,459 22,680 7,540 4,418 39,754 22,960 7,620 4,402 4,530 23,750 8,300 4,544 28,260 28,417 28,479 28,769 28,930 29,053 29,288 29,490 66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 64.7 64.6 65.0 64.3 67.1 65 .9 55.5 57.4 47.3 63.0 55.6 63.2 55.5 64.4 62 .0 66.8 64.4 66.2 67 .3 64.0 62.4 66.8 66.0 64.4 62 .9 55.4 65.4 64.3 62.8 67.1 65 .8 66.6 64.9 64.5 57 .7 47.6 61.1 47.8 62 .6 56.3 48.6 58 .8 64 .1 57.3 47.2 60.8 56.6 48.3 58 .6 63.7 57.1 47.1 59.2 56.6 56.6 48.1 60.8 57.0 57.1 47.1 56.3 56.8 61 .6 56.8 62.4 63.3 62 .6 62.8 62.5 62 .8 62 .9 63.8 62.9 65.8 63.7 62.6 64.0 62.4 62 .7 65.0 64.0 62.9 123,060 13,027 7,942 124,900 13,271 126,708 13,380 8,364 129,558 13,705 8,444 131,463 133,488 136,891 14,456 8,762 136,485 15,325 9,271 64,900 22,170 35,508 19,990 14,827 8,989 63,790 136,933 14,997 9,091 64,200 22,040 35,637 19,920 14,068 8,618 64,450 63,470 24,140 36,350 62,650 24,280 36,018 21,580 6,860 4,019 7,160 Participation rate 1 United States .. Canada .. ...... .. ... . ... ...... ... .... ... Australia .. Japan. .... ... .... · ··· ··· ·· .. . .. France .. Germany .. ···· • · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. Italy .. . . . . . . ' .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .... ...... Netherlands ...... . ··••·· ............ .. .. Sweden ... .. .. .. ... .... .. ... ... ... United Kingdom ....................... ... ...... ........ 57.8 47.9 57.9 64.5 62 .7 55 .9 64.5 64 .6 60.3 57 .0 56 .1 48 .8 64.6 64 .0 62.9 Employed United States .. ·· · ····· ··············· ··· .. .. . .. Canada .. . ...... ... ........ . ... ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. Australia .. Japan .. ... ... . .. ••·· ... ..... ... France . .. .. . . .. . . ······ ·· ·· ······· ... ..... .. Germany . . .... .... . .... .. .. .. ... .. . .... .... ... ..... . Italy .. . · • •·· . . .. ..... . Netherlands . . . . .. . . . .. . . . Sweden . United Kingdom .. Employment-population ratio . .. Japan .. France ...... Germany ... Italy . Netherlands .. . Sweden .. .... . ·• • · •··· ..... . .... ... ..... .... .. ... .. . ·• ..... ·•••·•• • ··• 7,699 63,810 21,710 35,989 20,270 6,570 4,028 63,860 21,750 35,756 19,940 6,660 8,256 63,890 21,960 35,780 19,820 6,730 4,056 22,600 36,061 20,210 7,320 4,034 25,242 3,992 25,429 25,718 25,964 3,973 26,433 61 .7 58 .5 62.5 59.0 62.9 59.4 63.2 59 .1 63.8 59.7 56.8 61 .7 49.1 53.2 57 .8 61.3 49.0 52.6 59.2 60.9 49.1 52.4 59 .3 60.9 49.0 52.0 43.0 54.2 42.0 54.6 57.6 41.5 54.9 58.3 41.6 55.7 57.7 59 .0 61 .0 49.0 51 .6 41.6 56.5 57 .0 57.4 58.2 7,996 1,373 7,404 7,236 1,289 6,739 1,252 751 2,250 2,970 3,505 2,650 440 440 2,297 759 2,300 2,960 3,907 2,690 370 445 4.9 8.4 8.3 4.5 7.7 7.7 26,696 63,920 23,050 36,042 20,460 7,600 4,117 27,048 23,690 36,236 20,840 7,910 4,229 27,350 21,270 8,130 137,736 15,660 9,481 62,510 24,250 35,615 21,790 4,303 27 ,570 8,070 4,310 8,010 4,303 27,768 28,011 63 .7 61 .9 62 .7 62.4 60.1 58.4 52.0 60.3 57.5 52.0 51.5 44 .1 62 .3 63.0 60.7 57.1 2 United States .. Canada Australia 120,259 12,770 ···• •·· 58.5 56 .2 United Kingdom .. 57.8 56 .9 64.1 60.4 59 .3 64 .3 64.4 61.3 59.6 62 .1 60.3 60.2 49 .7 52 .3 41 .9 59.4 50.3 52 .0 42.3 60.6 59 .0 51.4 52 .2 42 .9 62 .6 60.1 58 .7 57.6 58.6 58.4 59.1 59.4 52.2 43 .6 64.2 60.5 59.5 63.2 60.7 59 .6 51.7 50.9 44.6 62 .1 60.3 59 .8 Unemployed 8,940 United States .. Canada .. . . . . . . . ... Australia .. Japan .. .. ...... . .. ... . ... ...... . ......... .. .. France .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... .. ... ··· ····· .... . .. .. ... . Germany .. Italy . Netherlands ... . .. . . ...... . ... Sweden .. .. .. .. .... . United Kingdom 1,539 914 1,660 2,770 3,113 2,300 440 416 2,916 829 1,920 2,920 3,318 2,510 490 426 1,246 739 2,100 2,800 3,200 2,640 480 404 2,716 2,439 1,985 6,210 1,169 721 2,790 2,870 3,693 2,750 300 368 1,783 8,378 1,150 260 1,580 6,801 1,031 661 3,400 2,210 3,110 2,270 210 227 1,483 4.2 4.0 4.7 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.8 5.1 5.8 7.0 6.4 6.0 7.0 6.9 4.7 5.4 8.7 5.3 7.9 9.6 8.6 9.3 8.8 2.5 2.8 5.1 5.2 5,880 1,080 652 3,170 2,740 3,333 2,670 250 313 1,721 5,692 962 602 3,200 2,380 3,065 2,500 240 636 3,590 2,310 3,396 2,160 230 234 1,520 8,774 1,159 611 3,500 2,480 3,661 2,100 320 264 1,479 Unemployment rate ..... .. .... ... .. United States .. Canada . Australia . .... .. ... Japan .. . . . · •• · . . . . . . . . . .. . France .. Germany .... Italy ... Netherlands .... .. . • •· . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .... ....... Sweden .. United Kingdom 6.9 10.8 10.6 2.5 11 .3 8.0 10.2 6.3 9.4 10.4 6.1 5.6 5.4 9.5 9.4 8.6 8.2 8.8 8.2 2.9 11.8 3.2 11.3 3.4 11 .8 4.1 11.3 10.6 8.5 8.2 11.8 3.4 11 .9 9.0 9.9 11.7 11 .9 4.9 9.3 12.0 8.5 11 .5 3.9 3.2 7.1 11.2 6.9 9.6 9.6 6.7 9.1 8.7 6.0 9.9 8.1 10.1 7.0 8.4 6.3 6.0 4.8 9.1 7.8 10.7 2.9 5.8 5.5 8.4 5.0 5.1 9.1 1 Labor force as a percent of the working-age population For further qualifications and historical data, see Comparative Civilian Labor Force Statistics, 2 Employment as a percent of the working-age population . Ten Countries, 1959-2003 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 23, 2004), on the Internet at : NOTE: See "Notes on the data" for information on breaks in series https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 6.9 6.1 9.3 3.8 5.8 5.0 http://www.bls.gov/fls/home.htm Monthly Labor Review January 2005 115 Current Labor Statistics: International Comparison Table 54. Annual indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 15 economies (1992 = 100] Measure and economy 1960 Output per hour United States ... .... ............ ..... Canada .. ............. ..... .... .... ..... - 0.0 70.5 96 .9 97.9 102.1 107.3 113.8 37.8 54 .9 72 .9 93 .4 95.3 105.8 110.8 112.4 Australia . ... ............. ....... ... .... Japan ... . ..... ............ ... .. ... - - 69.5 91.6 96.4 106.1 104.9 105.8 13.9 37.7 63.6 94.4 99.0 101 .7 103.3 111.0 Korea . . ... . . . . .. .. . .... .. .... ... .... . . . Taiwan ......... ... ... ..... ... .. ...... - - - 81.5 91.6 108.5 88 .8 96.5 102.8 118.2 106.7 129.3 47 .6 115.1 18.0 32 .9 65.4 96.8 99.1 102.5 108.4 113.2 25 .2 46.3 83.2 98.4 100.3 100.2 112.6 112.5 109.8 118.0 117.4 19.9 39.0 61 .6 93 .9 97.0 101 .0 108.9 114.4 114.7 121.7 127.9 Belgium .... ... ............. ....... ... Denmark .. ..... · ·· ···"" ' " ' ' ''"'"' France .... ... ... ..... .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . Germany ........... . . . ... . . . . . .. . .. ... 1970 1980 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 117.0 121.3 126.5 132.8 143.5 145.2 160.0 171 .0 109.7 113.5 115.5 122.1 129.3 127.0 130.5 132.1 113.6 115.2 128.0 132.4 136.2 140.7 121.0 118.5 121.2 119.9 116.1 126.7 135.9 139.9 146.2 142.3 123.1 160.4 129.3 178.8 135.9 198.9 135.9 215.8 214.3 235.2 256.4 143.4 151.0 160.8 170.9 177.2 116.3 125.5 126.9 125.5 132.6 141.7 146.2 123.1 130.8 126.6 127.2 131.3 136.9 133.0 142.5 148.0 155.1 158.0 127.8 114.0 131.0 134.4 112.1 110.9 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 29.2 52.0 98.3 101.8 109.6 112.3 114.7 120.4 122.0 121.4 127.0 24.6 46.2 77.2 78 .6 99.0 Italy ................... ... .. ... .... .. .... Netherlands ...................... ... 96.6 96.1 101.2 104.8 107.9 108.3 110.3 110.8 110.6 113.5 18.8 69.1 77.9 99.0 102.0 113.1 117.3 135.4 - 99.6 99.6 100.7 102.0 127.0 103.6 132.5 98.2 124.1 99.9 132.7 98 .1 119.3 102.5 121 .4 37.6 38.5 59.1 98 .7 Norway ................. ..... Sweden ................. ....... ....... United Kingdom .. ........... ..... ... 106.6 109.8 111 .7 113.5 27.3 52 .2 73 .1 94.6 95.5 107.3 117.8 124.5 129.5 141.0 149.5 162.7 175.5 170.3 185.6 196.5 30.0 43.2 54.3 89.2 93.9 103.8 108.0 106.2 105.4 106.9 108.4 113.6 121.0 125.1 127.7 134.8 133.1 133.9 138.9 144.9 147.6 139.6 142.9 145.4 159.2 153.6 157.3 123.8 105.5 158.0 128.7 130.2 103.4 106.7 219.1 Output United States ........ ......... .. .. Canada .... ..... ... Australia ...... .. .... ... . ......... . ... .... ... ............... . . .... Korea. . .. . . .. ... ... . . ... ............... Taiwan ......... ...... .............. ... Belgium ... .... .. ........ Denmark. ..... ... .. ...... ........ France . . .. . . . . . . . . .......... Japan .. Germany ······ · ·· ........... Italy .. .. . ...... . ...... Netherlands ... .. ... ... .. - - 75.8 101.6 98.3 103.5 111 .1 118.4 121.3 127.9 33.4 58.9 83.6 106.0 105.9 104.1 97.1 99.0 100.7 114.1 109.1 119.6 108.7 119.6 112.6 127.7 115.1 118.6 118.3 123.8 94.9 98.9 103.0 106.5 100.2 101.9 109.2 116.8 - - 10.8 39.4 89.8 60.8 - 7.0 12.7 29.9 86.7 44.0 30.7 57 .6 102.0 103.8 96.3 95 .0 96 .1 105.4 102.4 138.3 120.3 133.5 162.6 190.2 194.3 209.1 108.5 129.9 114.9 145.0 90.0 128.3 132.6 141 .5 151 .8 143.1 152.1 160.9 78 .2 101 .0 100.7 97 .0 101.4 104.2 105.9 112.7 114.4 114.4 119.9 120.4 121 .6 120.9 42 .0 72.7 94 .3 101 .7 100.7 97 .0 107.3 112.6 107.7 115.9 116.7 117.9 121.9 121.6 120.8 121.4 27.9 57.7 81.6 99.1 99.8 95.7 100.3 104.9 104.6 109.7 115.0 118.7 124.3 128.0 129.1 128.5 41.5 70.9 85.3 99.1 102 .3 92.4 95.1 95 .7 97.7 95.8 100.1 99.8 84.4 99.4 99.3 96.5 102.4 105.4 108.8 110.7 110.3 113.6 99.9 113.0 99.6 48.1 95.2 107.2 92.5 23.0 111.7 110.2 117.6 31.9 59.8 76.9 97.7 104.5 108.2 108.9 111.6 114.9 117.6 122.8 121.9 121.0 57 .7 91.0 104.9 99.0 101 .4 99.8 Norway ........ . .... .. ........ .. . Sweden .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 99.0 101.7 104.6 107.3 110.3 114.2 113.7 113.6 112.8 112.3 111.5 107.3 45.9 80.7 90.7 110.1 104.1 101.9 117.0 131 .9 136.4 146.5 158.3 172.5 188.3 190.6 194.4 United Kingdom .... 67.5 90.2 87.2 105.3 100.1 101.5 106.2 107.8 108.6 110.7 111.3 112.1 115.0 183.1 113.4 109.9 110.3 Total hours United States . . .. . ... . .. ... . . .. .. . . 92 .1 104.4 107.5 104.8 100.4 101.4 103.6 104.0 103.6 105.4 105.2 104.6 102.9 96.2 89.3 85.0 Canada .... ............ ... .......... Australia ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . 88.3 107.1 114.6 113.5 - 100.1 103.0 106.4 109.0 112.4 115.9 118.7 123.1 120.9 121 .1 - 129.2 113.6 103.9 104.4 97.8 103.9 102.8 99.1 100.0 100.1 98.7 96.7 93.5 94.5 119.1 92.5 Japan. ......... .. . ... Korea ..... .... .... ... ... ... ... 77.8 104.3 95.5 102.9 103.1 94.7 91.9 89.1 88.7 88.0 82.7 80.4 80.3 - 77.7 74.0 73.0 - - 106.5 103.7 97.1 98.8 100.4 97.2 90.4 74.7 81 .8 88.1 90.7 88.9 85.4 92.4 101.4 99.6 99.6 101.7 99 .8 97.7 99.2 97.6 98.7 100.5 89.0 89 .0 90.8 170.7 174.7 119.7 93.6 92.0 91 .0 89.8 90.2 91.2 91.7 90.8 85.8 157.1 147.8 96.7 94.7 100.1 91 .7 98.2 90.2 100.1 102.9 98.1 91 .2 80.6 99.4 89.9 80.1 95.8 89.2 78.9 96.3 87.2 78.8 95.6 86.5 78.2 Norway .............. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. 153.6 100.8 100.8 99.8 92 .6 109.6 100.1 92 .5 105.9 99.1 92.0 102.3 74.3 99.3 100.3 103.4 99.9 92.6 113.7 92.0 83 .2 76.1 99.7 82.7 88.7 81.3 Germany ... ·· · · · ·· •• 0,••··• •,0 •• ·· ·· Italy .. . ... .... ...... ..... Netherlands .. ... . . ... .. . . 113.4 132.5 110.5 107.4 111 .2 101.5 100.5 102.9 104.1 103.3 94.7 166.7 140.3 142.3 93.5 169.8 104.3 103.3 105.6 89.4 99.8 94.5 116.4 118.1 106.6 Taiwan ........ ....... ... ... .. .. ··· ·· Belgium ..... ... ... ... .. Denmark ...... ........ .. ..... ...... France ············ ·· " ··· · ... ... .... . Sweden .... . .. .. . United Kingdom .. . ... . 136.3 104.0 155.5 153.9 134.7 90.8 95.2 92.1 86.8 95.4 95.8 102.1 97.7 92 .4 105.0 94.9 97 .7 99.4 105.9 105.3 103.9 105.9 106.0 107.3 107.5 102.7 98.9 98.4 101 .5 103.1 103.5 102.7 98 .7 95.0 90.7 86.0 81.9 84.8 99.4 92.3 97.3 91 .2 79.5 98.6 91.9 106.6 107.6 112.0 - 168.3 154.7 124.0 224.6 208.8 160.5 United States .... ... ... .... 14.9 23.7 55.6 90.8 95.6 102.7 105.6 107.9 109.4 111 .5 117.4 122.0 133.2 136.3 145.4 157.8 ... .. ...... ... . Australia .... ..... ... ........ . .... Japan ............... ... .......... Korea .. .. ..... .... ....... ...... ..... Taiwan . ....... .......... ... .. ..... .... Belgium .. .... .. ......... ...... ... Denmark .. .. ..... ....... ........ .. France ........... ........... ... .. .. 10.0 17.1 47.5 88.3 95 .0 102.0 103.7 106.0 107.0 109.3 111.7 115.8 119.6 123.7 126.8 131.4 Germany 109.0 Hourly compensation (national currency basis) Canada .. ····· ····· ······················ - - - 86.3 94.0 105.9 104.3 113.2 122.8 124.6 128.2 133.0 140.0 149.5 154.7 - 4.3 16.4 58.6 90.6 96.5 102.7 104.7 108.3 109.1 112.6 115.4 114.8 113.7 114.6 122.8 123.8 - - - 68.6 86.2 114.3 129.8 158.3 184.3 200.3 218.2 219.4 234.2 241 .7 266.1 290.9 29.6 85.2 93.5 105.9 111.1 120.2 128.2 132.4 140.3 144.3 146.6 150.0 145.8 146.7 5.4 13.7 52 .5 11.1 45.1 97.3 97.9 104.8 102.4 106.1 106.0 109.2 108.1 111.1 112.8 115.2 116.6 117.0 119.6 118.5 127.3 120.6 130.2 127.2 136.5 136.5 3.9 90.1 93.5 - 143.2 4.3 10.5 41 .2 90.9 96.4 103.1 106.5 110.4 112.2 111.8 112.7 116.6 122.8 128.3 135.2 150.0 139.1 8.1 20 .7 53 .6 89.4 91 .5 106.4 111.8 117.6 123.3 125.7 127.6 130.6 137.4 142.0 145.5 1.8 5.3 30.4 87.6 94.2 105.7 106.8 111 .3 119.0 123.0 122.2 124.2 127.8 132.5 135.7 148.9 140.0 Italy .... ........... .. ....... .. .. .. . Netherlands ... ... ...... 6.2 19.4 60.5 89.8 94.8 104.5 109.0 112.1 114.4 117.2 122.0 126.0 . .. .. .. .. .... ... 132.0 138.2 147.3 - 4.7 11 .8 39 .0 92 .3 97 .5 101.5 104.4 109.2 113.6 118.7 125.7 133.0 140.5 148.9 157.9 164.6 4.1 10.7 37.3 87 .8 95 .5 97.4 99.8 106.8 115.2 121.0 125.6 130.3 136.8 6.1 32 .0 82.9 93.8 104.5 107.3 108.8 111.4 115.7 123.0 129.9 137.6 143.8 144.3 148.8 2.9 152.2 154.3 160.3 Norway .. ... .. ... . Sweden .......... . ... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . United Kingdom .. See notes at end of table. 116 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 Table 54. Continued- Annual indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 15 economies Measure and economy 1960 1970 1980 - - 78.8 26.4 31.1 65.2 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1991 1993 93.7 97.6 100.6 98.5 94.8 93.5 91 .9 92.8 91.9 92.8 93.9 90.9 92.3 94.6 99.6 96.4 93 .6 94.3 97.5 96 .2 96.7 94.9 92.5 97.4 97.2 99.4 Unit labor costs (national currency basis) United States ... . Canada .. .. .. ... . . ... .. . , , .. - - - 94.2 97.5 99.8 99 .4 107.0 108.1 108.2 108.2 110.9 109.4 112.9 113.5 - 31 .1 43.6 92.1 95.9 97.5 101.0 101.4 97.5 94.0 93.0 95.2 90.6 83.6 84.4 87.8 84.7 - - - 84 .2 94 .1 105.4 109.8 122.4 129.6 124.9 122.0 110.3 108.5 112.8 113.1 1135 23.8 62 .2 95.9 96.8 103.0 104.1 104.5 104.1 102.3 103.2 100.7 97.1 93.3 85.3 82.7 30.1 41 .7 80.3 93.0 98.1 102.3 97 .9 96.4 95.5 91 .8 92.2 94.4 92 .2 95.9 96.4 - 15.3 23 .9 54.2 95.0 97.6 102.2 94 .2 96 .1 102.8 98.8 101 .9 103.4 102.8 107.3 109.0 109.6 . .... 21.7 26 .8 67.0 96.8 99.3 102.0 97 .8 96 .5 97.8 91 .9 88.1 87.6 86.2 86 .6 87.2 88 0 Germany .. ...... ....... . ...... .... 27.8 39 .8 69.4 90.3 93.1 104.5 102.0 104.7 107.5 104.5 104.6 107.6 108.1 111.2 111 .1 110.8 Australia ·········· ........ ··· ··· ... Japan .. ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... Korea ...... ... .............. Taiwan .. .... .. ..... . .......... Belgium .. ... ... . . ........ . ..... .. Denmark . ... ... . .. .. .... . France .. ... ... . . ... ... .... .... Italy · ·············· · ···· • ............... 7.2 11.4 38.7 90.7 98.0 104.5 101 .9 103.2 109.8 111.4 110.3 112.3 112.6 116.2 121 .1 126.2 Netherlands ···············• ..... Norway . . . . . .. . . . .. . 32 .9 50.4 87.6 91.1 95.7 102.4 96.4 95 .6 95 .9 96.5 98.3 99.1 99.5 104.3 108.8 112.6 12.6 20 .0 50 .0 94.2 99.2 101 .9 104.8 108.4 110.8 116.4 125.7 128.4 131 .9 135.6 141 .3 144 9 Sweden ... .... ............... ... 15.0 20.6 51.0 92 .9 100.0 90.8 84.7 85.8 89 .0 85.8 84.0 80.1 77.9 84.4 80.2 78.6 United Kingdom .. ......... 9.8 14.1 59.0 93.0 100.0 100.7 99.4 102.5 105.7 108.2 113.5 114.3 113.7 115.4 119.2 118.9 - - 78.8 93.7 97.6 100.6 98 .5 94.8 93.5 91 .9 92 .8 91.9 92.8 93.9 90.9 92.3 32.9 36.0 67.4 98.0 105.1 90.3 82.8 83 .0 86.4 84.0 78.8 77.2 75.2 76.0 74.8 85.8 Unit labor costs (U .S. dollar basis) United States .. Canada ... . .. . .. ..... . . ... - - - 100.1 103.3 92.3 98.9 107.8 115.1 109.4 92.6 97.3 86.5 79.4 84.0 - 11 .0 15.4 51 .5 83.9 91 .8 115.3 125.8 131 .6 109.5 97.4 92.2 101 .0 98.4 88 .0 88.9 92.6 - - - 93 .0 100.3 102.6 106.8 124.3 126.3 103.4 68.4 72.7 75.3 68.5 71.0 74.7 14.9 43.4 89.7 91 .1 98.1 99.0 99.2 95.4 89 .5 77.4 78.3 78.1 69.4 62.1 60.5 Belgium ...... . .. . ... . . . .......... 19.4 27 .0 88.3 89.5 92.3 95 .1 94 .2 105.2 99.1 82 .4 81 6 80.2 67.8 68.4 72.6 - Denmark .... ··········· ··· ·· France ........ ·· ··· ... . ... . ... 13.4 19.3 58.1 92 .7 92.0 95.1 89.4 103.6 107.0 90.2 91 .7 89.3 76.7 77.8 83.5 100.6 23.4 25 .7 83 .9 94.1 93.1 95.3 93.4 102.5 101 .2 83 .3 79.1 75.3 64.2 62.6 66.5 80.4 ......... .. 10.4 17.1 59.6 87.3 87.5 98.7 98.2 114.2 111.6 94.0 92.9 91 .5 79.7 79.5 83 .9 100.1 Italy ..... ..... ············· .. ..... .... ·· ·········· Norway .. ..... ...... ...... 14.3 22 .3 55 .7 93.3 97.3 81.8 77.9 78.0 87.7 80.6 78.2 76.2 66.2 66.2 72.9 90.9 Netherlands 15.3 24.5 77.5 87.9 90.0 96.9 93.2 104.8 100.0 87.0 87 .2 84.3 73.3 74.5 82.1 101 .7 11.0 17.4 62.9 93.6 95 .0 89.2 92 .3 106.4 106.6 102.1 103.5 102 .2 93.0 93.7 110.0 127.2 Sweden ........ ..... .... . . . 16.9 23.1 70.2 91 .3 96 .3 67.8 64 .0 70.0 77.3 65.4 61.5 56.4 49.5 47.6 48.1 Australia ........ . ...... Japan .. .. ... . . ... ... .. ........ .. .. Korea ....... .. ... .. .. ........... Taiwan ... .. ... .. .. . . .. . . .... Germany ........... 101 .4 94.0 97.6 104.7 100.4 106.5 91 .6 93.4 85 .6 86 .2 19.1 77.6 93 .9 100.0 15.6 United Kingdom .. NOTE : Data for Germany for years before 1991 are for the former West Germany. Data for 1991 onward are for un1f1ed Germany. Dash indicates data not available https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review January 2005 56.6 1100 117 Current Labor Statistics: Injury and Illness 55. Occupational Injury and illness rates by Industry, 1 United States Industry and type of case2 Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers3 1989 1 1990 1991 1992 1993 4 1994 4 1995 4 1996 4 1997 4 1998 4 1999 4 2000 4 2001 4 PRIVATE SECTORS Total cases . Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays .. .......... ............... ... ......... ......... .. .......... . 8.6 4.0 78.7 8.8 4.1 84.0 8.4 3.9 86.5 8.9 3.9 93.8 8.5 3.8 8.4 3.8 8.1 3.6 7.4 3.4 7.1 3.3 6.7 3.1 6.3 3.0 6.1 3.0 5.7 2.8 Agrlculture, forestry, and fishings Total cases ............ ................................................ ...... .... . Lost workday cases Lost workdays .... 10.9 ~7 100.9 11 .6 ~9 112.2 10.8 ~4 108.3 11 .6 ~4 126.9 11 .2 5.0 10.0 4.7 9.7 4.3 8.7 3.9 8.4 4.1 7.9 3.9 7.3 3.4 7.1 3.6 7.3 3.6 Mining Total cases . Lost workday cases ... ....... ........ .... . Lost workdays .. 8.5 4.8 137.2 8.3 5.0 119.5 7.4 4.5 129.6 7.3 4.1 204.7 6.8 3.9 6.3 3.9 6.2 3.9 5.4 3.2 5.9 3.7 4.9 2.9 4.4 2.7 4.7 3.0 4.0 2.4 14.3 6.8 143.3 14.2 6.7 147.9 13.0 6.1 148.1 13.1 5.8 161 .9 12.2 5.5 11 .8 5.5 10.6 4.9 9.9 4.5 9.5 4 .4 8.8 4.0 8.6 4.2 8.3 4.1 7.9 4.0 General building contractors· Total cases Lost workday cases Lost workdays 13.9 as 137.3 13.4 6.4 137.6 12.0 ~s 132.0 12.2 ~4 142.7 11 .5 5.1 10.9 5.1 9.8 4.4 9.0 4.0 8.5 3.7 8.4 3.9 8.0 3.7 7.8 3.9 6.9 3.5 Heavv construction . except buildina: Total cases Lost workday cases Lost workdays 13.8 as 147.1 13.8 a3 144.6 12.8 ao 160.1 12.1 ~4 165.8 11 .1 5.1 10.2 5.0 9.9 4.8 9.0 4.3 8.7 4.3 8.2 4.1 7.8 3.8 7.6 3.7 7.8 4.0 Special trades contractors : Total cases .. . ............ ... ....................... . Lost workday cases Lost workdays ...... .................................... ... 14.6 a9 144.9 14.7 a9 153.1 13.5 a3 151 .3 13.8 a1 168.3 12.8 5.8 12.5 5.8 11 .1 5.0 10.4 4.8 10.0 4.7 9.1 4.1 8.9 4.4 8.6 4.3 8.2 4.1 13.1 ~B 113.0 13.2 ~B 120.7 12.7 ~6 121 .5 12.5 ~4 124.6 12.1 5.3 12.2 5.5 11 .6 5.3 10.6 4.9 10.3 4.8 9.7 4.7 9.2 4.6 9.0 4.5 8.1 4.1 Total cases . Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. 14.1 6.o 116.5 14.2 ao 123.3 13.6 ~7 122.9 13.4 ~s 126.7 13.1 5.4 13.5 5.7 12.B 5.6 11 .6 5.1 11 .3 5.1 10.7 5.0 10.1 4.8 Lumber and wood products: Total cases ...... ............ ....... ... .... . Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays . 18.4 ~4 177.5 18.1 ~B 172.5 16.8 ~3 172.0 16.3 ~6 165.8 15.9 7.6 15.7 7.7 14.9 7.0 14.2 6.8 13.5 6.5 13.2 6.8 13.0 6.7 12.1 6.1 10.6 5.5 16.1 16.9 72 ~B 15.9 ~2 14.8 a6 128.4 14.6 6.5 15.0 7.0 13.9 6.4 12.2 5.4 12.0 5.8 11.4 5.7 11 .5 5.9 11 .2 5.9 11 .0 5.7 Stone. clav. and alass products: Total cases . Lost workday cases ... Lost workdays .. 15.5 7.4 149.8 15.4 ~3 160.5 14.8 as 156.0 13.6 a1 152.2 13.8 6.3 13.2 6.5 12.3 5.7 12.4 6.0 11.8 5.7 11 .B 6.0 10.7 5.4 10.4 5.5 10.1 5.1 Primarv metal industries: Total cases . Lost workday cases Lost workdays .................... .... . 18.7 81 168.3 19.0 8.1 180.2 17.7 7.4 169.1 17.5 7.1 175.5 17.0 7.3 16.8 7.2 16.5 7.2 15.0 6.8 15.0 7.2 14.0 7.0 12.9 6.3 12.6 6.3 10.7 5.3 11.1 18.5 ~9 147.6 18.7 ~9 155.7 17.4 ~1 146.6 16.8 a6 144.0 16.2 6.7 16.4 6.7 15.8 6.9 14.4 6.2 14.2 6.4 13.9 6.5 12.6 6.0 11 .9 5.5 11.1 5.3 12.1 4.8 86.8 12.0 4.7 88.9 11 .2 4.4 86.6 11 .1 4.2 87.7 11 .1 4.2 11.6 4.4 11 .2 4.4 9.9 4.0 10.0 4.1 9.5 4.0 8.5 3.7 8.2 3.6 11.0 6.0 9.1 3.9 77.5 9.1 3.8 79.4 8.6 3.7 83.0 8.4 3.6 81 .2 8.3 3.5 8.3 3.6 7.6 3.3 6.8 3.1 6.6 3.1 5.9 28 5.7 2.8 5.7 2.9 5.0 2.5 17.7 6.8 138.6 17.8 6.9 153.7 18.3 7.0 166.1 18.7 7.1 186.6 18.5 7.1 19.6 7.8 18.6 7.9 16.3 7.0 15.4 6.6 14.6 6.6 13.7 6.4 13.7 6.3 12.6 6.0 Instruments and related products: Total cases ... ... .... . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .... ... .......... ... . Lost workday cases Lost workdays ................ ....... .................... ..... .. ~6 2.5 55.4 ~9 ao 2.7 64.4 ~9 2.7 65.3 5.6 2.5 5.9 2.7 5.3 2.4 5.1 2.3 4.8 2.3 4.0 1.9 4.0 1.8 4.5 2.2 4.0 2.0 57.8 Miscellaneous manufacturina industries: Total cases ............................... . Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. 11 .1 5.1 97.6 11 .3 5.1 113.1 11 .3 5.1 104.0 10.7 5.0 108.2 10.0 4.6 9.9 4.5 9.1 4.3 9.5 4.4 8.9 4.2 8.1 3.9 8.4 4.0 7.2 3.6 6.4 3.2 Construction Total cases . Lost workday cases Lost workdays ... Manufacturing Total cases . Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. Durable goods: Furniture and fixtures: Total cases .. Lost workday cases Lost workdays Fabricated metal products: Total cases Industrial machinery and equipment· Total cases ............................... . Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. Electronic and other electrical eauipment: Total cases Transportation eauipment: Total cases .. Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. See footnotes at end of table . 118 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 2J 8.8 4.3 55. Continued-Occupational injury and illness rates by industry, 1 United States Incidence rates per 100 workers Industry and type of case 2 Nondurable goods : Total cases . Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays .. ....... .. . 1989 .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and kindred products : Total cases Lost workday cases .. ..... . .. , ...... Lost workdays .. Tobacco oroducts : Total cases Lost workday cases . . . . . . . . . . . Lost workdays .. ....... . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. · • ·· Textile mill oroducts : Total cases Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays .. ········· ··•··· Aooarel and other textile oroducts : Total cases .... .... ···•·••· Lost workday cases .. ...... . . . . . . . . . ·· ····• Lost workdays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Paoer and allied oroducts · Total cases Lost workday cases ................... .... .. .... Lost workdays .. Printina and oublishina · Total cases . Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays .. .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .... ··•·· ·········•· Chemicals and allied oroducts: Total cases Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. . •· ··· •·· ·····•·· •·· Petroleum and coal oroducts : Total cases Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . ... ... Rubber and miscellaneous olastics oroducts Total cases Lost workday cases ................. .......... ····•· Lost workdays .. Leather and leather oroducts : Total cases Lost workday cases . Lost workdays .. . . . .. .. . . ' . ·······························"···"' ""'' 1 1990 1991 1992 1993 4 1994 4 1995 4 1996 4 3 1997 4 1998 4 1999 4 2000 • 2001 4 11 .6 5.5 107.8 11 .7 5.6 116.9 11 .5 5.5 119.7 11 .3 5.3 121 .8 10.7 5.0 10.5 5.1 9.9 4.9 9.2 4.6 - 8.8 4.4 82 4.3 7.8 4.2 6.8 3.8 - - - 7.8 4.2 - - - - - 18.5 9.3 174.7 20.0 9.9 202 .6 19.5 9.9 207.2 18.8 9.5 211 .9 17.6 8.9 17.1 9.2 16 3 8.7 15.0 8.0 14 .5 8.0 13.6 7.5 12.4 7.3 10.9 6.3 - - - - 12 7 7.3 - - - - - 8.7 3.4 64.2 7.7 3.2 62.3 6.4 2.8 52.0 6.0 2.4 42.9 5.8 2.3 5.3 2.4 5.6 2.6 6.7 2.8 5.9 2.7 6.2 3.1 6.7 4.2 - - - - 5.5 2.2 - - 6.4 3.4 - - - 10.3 4.2 81 .4 96 4.0 85.1 10.1 4.4 88.3 9.9 4.2 87.1 9.7 4.1 87 4.0 8.2 4.1 7.8 3.6 7.4 3.4 6.4 3.2 6.0 3.2 52 27 - - 6.7 3.1 - - - - - - 8.6 3.8 80.5 8.8 3.9 92.1 9.2 4.2 99.9 9.5 4.0 104.6 9.0 3.8 8.9 3.9 8.2 3.6 7.4 3.3 7.0 3.1 6.2 2.6 5.8 2.8 6.1 30 5.0 2.4 - - - - - - - - - 12.7 5.8 132.9 12.1 5.5 124.8 11 .2 5.0 122.7 11 .0 5.0 125.9 9.9 4.6 9.6 4.5 8.5 4.2 7.9 3.8 - 7.3 3.7 7.1 3.7 7.0 3.7 6.5 3.4 6.0 3.2 - - - - - - - - 69 3.3 63.8 6.9 3.3 69 .8 6.7 3.2 74.5 7.3 3.2 74.8 6.9 3.1 6.7 3.0 6.4 3.0 6.0 28 5.7 2.7 5.4 2.8 5.0 2.6 5.1 26 - - - - - 4.6 24 - - - - 7.0 3.2 63.4 6.5 3.1 61 .6 6.4 3.1 62.4 6.0 2.8 64.2 5.9 2.7 5.7 2.8 5.5 2.7 4.8 2.4 4.8 2.3 4.2 2.1 4.4 2.3 40 2.1 - - - - - 4.2 2.2 - - - - 6.6 3.3 68.1 6.6 3.1 77.3 6.2 2.9 68.2 5.9 2.8 71 .2 5.2 2.5 4.7 2.3 4.8 2.4 4.6 2.5 - 4.3 2.2 3.9 1.8 4.1 1.8 3.7 1.9 2.9 1.4 - - - - - - - 16.2 8.0 147.2 16.2 7.8 151 .3 15.1 7.2 150.9 14.5 6.8 153 3 13.9 6.5 14.0 6.7 12 9 6.5 12 3 6.3 11 .9 5.8 11 .2 5.8 10.1 5.5 10 7 5.8 - - - - - - - - 13.6 65 130.4 12.1 5.9 152.3 12.5 5.9 140.8 12.1 5.4 128.5 12.1 5.5 12.0 5.3 11.4 48 10.7 4.5 - 10.6 4.3 - 9.8 4.5 10.3 5.0 9.0 4.3 8.7 4.4 - - - - - - - 9.2 5.3 121 .5 9.6 5.5 134.1 9.3 5.4 140.0 9.1 5.1 144.0 9.5 5.4 9.3 5.5 9.1 5.2 87 5.1 8.2 4.8 7.3 4.3 7.3 4.4 6.9 4.3 6.9 4.3 - - - - - - - - 8.0 3.6 63.5 7.9 3.5 65.6 7.6 3.4 720 8.4 3.5 80.1 8.1 3.4 7.9 3.4 75 3.2 68 2.9 67 3.0 6.1 2.7 6.6 2.5 - - - - 5.9 2.7 - - - 7.7 4.0 71 .9 7.4 3.7 71 .5 7.2 3.7 79.2 7.6 3.6 82.4 7.8 3.7 7.7 3.8 7.5 36 6.6 34 6.5 3.2 6.5 3.3 6.3 3.3 5.8 3 1 5.3 2.8 - - - - - - - - - 8.1 3.4 60.0 8.1 3.4 63.2 7.7 3.3 69.1 8.7 3.4 79.2 8.2 3.3 7.9 3.3 7.5 3.0 6.9 2.8 68 2.9 - - 5.9 2.5 - 6.1 2.5 5.7 2.4 - - 6.5 2.7 - - - - 2.0 9 17.6 2.4 1.1 27 .3 2.4 1.1 24 .1 2.9 1.2 32.9 2.9 1.2 2.7 1.1 2.6 1.0 2.4 .9 2.2 9 .7 .5 1.8 .8 1.9 .8 1.8 .7 - - - - - - - 5.5 2.7 51 .2 6.0 2.8 56.4 6.2 2.8 60.0 7.1 3.0 68.6 6.7 2.8 6.5 2.8 6.4 2.8 6.0 26 5.6 2.5 5.2 2.4 4.9 2.2 49 2.2 4.6 2.2 - - - - - - - - - - - 8.7 48 - Transportation and public utilities Total cases Lost workday cases .. ....................... .. .. .... . Lost workdays .. . . . . . .' .. - Wholesale and retail trade Total cases Lost workday cases ......... ......... Lost workdays Wholesale trade : Total cases Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays ...... ..... · •· · Retail trade Total cases Lost workday cases ..... ........... . . . . ' . . ' .. Lost workdays .. . ..... .... ... ..................... 6.5 2.8 - - Finance, Insurance, and real estate Total cases Lost workday cases Lost workdays .. ...... .......... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . - - Services Total cases Lost workday cases .. Lost workdays .. 1 Data for 1989 and subsequent years are based on the Standard Industrial Class- N = number of injuries and illnesses or lost workdays; ification Manual, 1987 Edition . For this reason, they are not strictly comparable with data EH = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year; and for the years 1985-88, which were based on the Standard Industrial Classification 200,000 = base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks Manual, 1972 Edition , 1977 Supplement per year) . 2 Beginning with the 1992 survey , the annual survey measures only nonfatal injuries and 4 Beginning with the 1993 survey, lost workday estimates will not be generated . As of 1992, illnesses, while past surveys covered both fatal and nonfatal incidents . To better address BLS began generating percent distributions and the median number of days away from work fatalities , a basic element of workplace safety, BLS implemented the Census of Fatal by industry and for groups of workers sustaining similar work disabilities. 5 Occupational Injuries 3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees since 1976 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses or lost workdays per 100 full-time workers https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and were calculated as (N/EH) X 200,000 , where : NOTE Dash indicates data not available Monthly Labor Review January 2005 119 Current Labor Statistics: Injury and Illness 56. Fatal occupational injuries by event or exposure, 1997-2002 Fatalities Event or exposure 1 1997-2001 average 2001 2 2002 Percent Number Number 6,036 5,915 5,524 100 Transportation Incidents .............................................................. . Highway incident.. Collision between vehicles, mobile equipment. Moving in same direction .................................... ... ...... . Moving in opposite directions, oncoming Moving in intersection .. .. .. ...... ............. . Vehicle struck stationary object or equipment ........ ........ . Noncollision incident ........................ .... .... .... .. ...... .. Jackknifed or overturned-no collision Nonhighway (farm, industrial premises) incident .............................................. Overturned.. Aircraft Worker struck by a vehicle Water vehicle .. ... .............. . Rail vehicle ................. ... ................ .. .. .............. . ..... .. ... . 2,593 1,421 697 126 254 148 300 369 300 368 202 248 382 99 68 2,524 1,409 727 142 257 138 297 339 273 326 158 247 383 90 62 2,381 1,372 635 155 202 145 326 373 312 322 164 192 356 71 64 43 Assaults and violent acts ........................................ ..................... . Homicides ........................... ... . Shooting .. ......... ... ........ . Stabbing Other, including bombing Self-inflicted injuries .. 964 709 567 64 78 221 908 643 509 58 76 230 840 609 469 58 82 199 15 11 8 Contact with objects and equipment.. ........................ ... ........... . ................ ...... ... .... . Struck by object Struck by falling object .......... .... .... .... Struck by flying object .. Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects ... Caught in running equipment or machinery Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials . 995 562 352 58 290 156 126 962 553 343 60 266 144 122 873 506 303 38 231 110 116 16 Falls ............................................................................................ Fall to lower level Fall from ladder Fall from roof .................... .. ... Fall from scaffold, staging Fall on same level .. 737 654 111 155 91 61 810 700 123 159 91 84 714 634 126 143 87 63 13 11 2 3 2 Exposure to harmful substances or environments ............... .. Contact with electric current. . Contact with overhead power lines Contact with temperature extremes ... Exposure to caustic, noxious, or allergenic substances . Inhalation of substances ........................ . . .......... .. ....... .. Oxygen deficiency ... Drowning, submersion 529 291 134 41 106 52 89 71 499 285 124 35 96 49 83 59 538 289 122 60 98 49 90 60 10 5 2 Fires and explosions ............................................................. .. 197 188 165 Other events or exposures• .................... ............ .... ... ........... .. .... ... 21 24 13 Total. ... . ..... .. ... ... ..... ........ . ........ . ' Based on the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness 4 3 6 7 6 6 3 3 6 4 9 5 4 2 2 Totals for 2001 exclude fatalities from the September 11 terrorist attacks . Classification Structures. 2 3 25 11 3 The BLS news release issued Sept. 25, 2002, reported a total of 5,900 fatal work injuries for calendar year 2001. Since 3 Includes the category "Bodily reaction and exertion ." NOTE: Totals for major categories may include sub- then, an additional 15 job-related fatalities were identified, categories not shown separately. Percentages may not add brin ging the total job-related fatality count for 2001 to 5,915. to totals because of rounding. Dash indicates less than 0.5 percent. 120 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis January 2005 Obtaining information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Office or topic Bureau of Labor Statistics Information services Internet address http: //www.bls.gov/ http://www.bls.gov/opub/ E-mail blsdata_staff@b Is .gov Employment and unemployment Employment, hours, and earnings: National State and local Labor force statistics: National Local DI-covered employment, wages Occupational em ployment Mass layoffs Longitudinal data Job openings and labor turnover Consumer price indexes Producer price indexes) Import and export price indexes Consumer expenditures http://www.bls.gov/ces/ http://www.bls.gov/sae/ cesinfo@bls.gov data_sa@bls.gov http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm http://www.bls.gov/!au/ http://www.bls.gov/cew/ http://www.bls.gov/oes/ http://www.bls.gov/lau/ http://www.bls.gov/nls/ http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ Prices and living conditions cpsinfo@bls.gov lausinfo@bls.gov cewinfo@bls.gov oesinfo@bls.gov mlsinfo@bls.gov nls_info@bls.gov J oltsinfo@bls.gov http://www.bls.gov/cpi/ http://www.bls.gov/ppi/ http://www.bls.gov/mxp/ http://www.bls.gov/cex/ cpi_info@bls.gov ppi-info@bls.gov mxpinfo@bls.gov cexinfo@bls.gov Compensation and working conditions National Compensation Survey: Employee benefits Employment cost trends Occupational compensation Occupational illnesses, injuries Fatal occupational injuries Collective bargaining http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ http://www.bls.gov/ebs/ http://www.bls.gov/ect/ http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ http://www.bls.gov/iif/ http://www.bls.gov/iif/ http: //www.bls.gov/cba/ ocltinfo@bls.gov ocltinfo@bls.gov ocltinfo@bls.gov ocltinfo@bls.gov oshstaff@bls.gov cfoistaff@bls.gov cbainfo@bls.gov Productivity Labor Industry Multifactor http://www.bls.gov/lpc/ http://www.bls.gov/lpc/ http://www.bls.gov/mfp/ dprweb@bls.gov dipsweb@bls.gov dprweb@bls.gov Projections Employment Occupation http://www.bls.gov/emp/ http://www.bls.gov/oco/ oohinfo@bls.gov oohinfo@bls.gov International http://www.bls.gov/fls/ flshelp@bls.gov Regional centers Atlanta Boston Chicago Dallas Kansas City NewYork Philadelphia San Francisco https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis http://www.bls.gov/ro4/ http://www.bls.gov/rol / http: //www.bls.gov/ro5/ http://www.bls.gov/ro6/ http://www.bls.gov/ro7/ http://www.bls.gov/ro2/ http://www.bls.gov/ro3/ http://www.bls.gov/ro9/ Other Federal statistical agencies http://www.fedstats.gov/ BLSinfoAtlanta@bls.gov BLSinfoBoston@bls.gov BLSinfoChicago@bls.gov BLS infoDallas@bls.gov BLS infoKansasCity@bls.gov BLSinfoNY@bls.gov BLSinfoPhiladelphia@bls.gov BLSinfoSF@bls.gov https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis