Full text of Monthly Labor Review : January 1959, Vol. 82, No. 1

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Labor
Review
JANUARY

1959

YOL.

82

FE8 9 ig5g

NO.

Construction in the 1958 Economy
Labor Force Problems—Current and Prospective
Earnings and Employment of Merchant Seamen
Paid Holidays in Major Contracts, 1958

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E w an Clague,
H

enry

H

erm an

W. D

Commissioner

J . F it z g e r a l d ,

Assistant Commissioner

B . B yer,

Assistant Commissioner

E v a n s,

Assistant Commissioner

uane

P h il ip A r n o w ,

Assistant Commissioner

Arnold E. Chase , Chief, Division of Construction Statistics
H. M. D o uty , Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
J oseph P. Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
L eon G reenberg , Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard P. J ones, Chief, Office of Management
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Office of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbaum, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
H yman L. L ewis , Chief, Office of Labor Economics
F rank S. M cE lroy, Chief, Division of Industrial Hazards
H. E. Riley, Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
A be R othman, Chief, Office of Statistical Standards
M orris W eisz, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
Seymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics

Regional Offices and Directors
N EW ENGLAND REGION
W endell D. M acdonald
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Monthly Labor Review
U N ITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR

•

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

L a w r e n c e R. K l e i n , Editor-in-Chief
M a r y S. B e d e l l , Executive Editor

pE 3 a

CONTENTS

1859

PUBLIC

Special Articles
1 Construction in the 1958 Economy
8 Clerical Salaries in New York City Since 1948
14 A Review of American Labor in 1958

Summaries of Studies and Reports
22
26
33
41
46

Current and Prospective Labor Force Problems
Paid Holidays in Major Contracts, 1958
Earnings and Employment of American Seamen in 1957
Earnings in Auto Dealer Repair Shops, Summer 1958
Work Injuries in the United States, 1957

Technical Note
50 The Calculation and Uses of the Spendable Earnings Series

Departments
hi

55
59
62
69
77


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The Labor Month in Review
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics

January 1959 • Voi. 82 • No. 1

6 0 -~ 5948


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The Labor Month
in Review
from many sources
were made with the seating of the 86th Congress.
The President’s State of the Union Message, on
January 10, asked for more than “half-hearted”
laws to safeguard union treasuries against misuse
of funds; to protect “the rights and freedoms” of
union members; to advance “true and responsible
collective bargaining” ; and to protect “the public
and innocent third parties” from such practices
as boycotting and blackmail picketing.
Amendment of the Employment Act of 1946
was also asked “to make it clear that Government
intends . . . to protect the buying power of the
dollar.”
The United Automobile Workers on January 5
offered a six-point program which would provide
aid to depressed areas (emphasizing Detroit);
increase and extend the duration of unemployment
insurance on the basis of Federal standards;
extend Federal aid to school construction; promote
industrial redevelopment; increase the Federal
minimum wage to $1.25 an hour; and boost Social
Security benefits and cover recipients with hospital
and surgical care.
L abor L egislation proposals

S ecretary of L abor James P. Mitchell on
January 3 announced a labor-management meeting
to conduct “a reappraisal” of the Railway Labor
Act, “in view of the recent strike activity.” He
pointed out that “it may well be that all that is
required is more realistic bargaining.” Strikes
have hit several airlines in recent months, with
thost against Capital (settled November 20 after
5 weeks), Eastern, and American of especially long
duration. Some of the prestrike negotiations had
been in progress for 32 months.
The Eastern strike began November 24 and
ended New Year’s Eve. Maintenance employees,
represented by the Machinists, had struck simul­
taneously with the Flight Engineers, but settled
earlier. The new contract for the engineers

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presumably gave job security assurance by not
requiring flight engineers on jet airliners to be
qualified pilots, provided salary increases (about
$1,368 a month on jets when introduced), estab­
lished the agency shop, and liberalized the con­
tributory pension plan. A jurisdictional dispute
with the Air Line Pilots Association has long
existed, with the Pilots insisting on a third pilot
in the cockpit of jets. Eastern agreed to make
the engineer a fourth cockpit crewman. The
Pilots, not on strike, agreed to the compromise,
which provided a third pilot plus an engineer.
Similar jurisdictional issues, as well as salary
and flight time demands, were a factor in the
Pilots’ strike against American Airlines on Decem­
ber 20. Settlement was reached on January 11.
Salary increases were granted, but flight-time
maximums were unchanged. The Eastern provi­
sion for a third pilot plus an engineer on jets was
included.
Continental Airlines agreed with the Air Line
Stewards and Stewardesses Association (a sub­
sidiary of the Pilots) to pay a wage differential to
attendants on jet planes, with salaries ranging up
to $422.50 a month. No strike occurred. (Earlier,
the company had announced the industry’s first
hiring of a Negro pilot for a scheduled passenger
plane.)
Earlier, both United and Western airlines,
under wage reopener clauses in their contracts
with the Machinists, revised scales upward to
conform with recently gained increases for mechan­
ics on other lines. Contracts were also extended
for 1 year. Expiration for United is now October
1, 1960, and Western, March 1, 1961.
P reholiday str ik es crippled the seasonal adver­
tising of nearly a score of newspapers. In New
York City, a 19-day walkout of a deliverers’
union began December 9 and closed all general
daily newspapers. Settlement was made sub­
stantially on the basis of the publishers’ initial
offer (a 2-stage package worth $7 a week spread
over 2 years). Estimates of wage and revenue
loss ran as high as $50 million.
Nine newspapers of the Booth chain in Michigan
were closed November 25 by the International
Typographical Union, the Stereotypers, and the
American Newspaper Guild (the latter two unions
were involved only in Grand Rapids) over wage
issues. Settlements varied in terms and in time,

m

IV

with the two contracts at Grand "Rapids signed
last, on December 31.
Wage increases of from $8 to $14 a week (spread
over 2 years) plus a shorter workweek were agreed
to after a Newspaper Guild strike of 3 days against
the Washington Star. Craftsmen of the printing
trades refused to cross the Guild’s picket lines,
forcing suspension of publication.
Anthracite coal miners, represented by the
United Mine Workers, will receive $1 a day more
(soft-coal miners had won $2), higher vacation
pay, and a rise of 20 cents a ton royalty payment
to the welfare and retirement fund under terms of
a January 14 agreement.
In Canada, the end of the year brought an end
to the 87-day strike by the Mine, Mill and Smelter
Workers (Ind.) against International Nickel Co.
Terms of the 3-year contract give employees a 1percent raise as of January 2, plus 2- and 3-percent
increases the second and third years. A $25
Christmas bonus was also included.
The United Automobile Workers also gave a
Christmas bonus ($20) to certain members affected
by stoppages during the Christmas season. Walk­
outs were at the settlement stage on January 16
at International Harvester and Electric Auto-Lite
plants. On December 19, Chrysler and the UAW
compromised a dispute over work standards, and
production of 1959 models was resumed.
are not necessarily subject to
Federal income tax, a United States circuit court
of appeals ruled on December 23 in Chicago.
The decision, which did not have general applica­
bility, reversed a District Court decision involving
a UAW Kohler local striker in holding that strike
benefits paid in kind by a union were substantially
in the same catetory as public assistance payments.
A 7-2 U. S. Supreme Court verdict on December
15 held that National Labor Kelations Board cer­
tification of bargaining unit representation can be
appealed to the Federal district courts. Judicial
review had previously been limited to Board de­
cisions respecting unfair labor practice cases. The
case involved a group of Westinghouse engineers
who had protested inclusion of nonprofessional
workers in their bargaining group.
On January 12, the Court declared that Florida
State Courts lacked authority to enjoin (in the
absence of violence justifying use of police power)
S trik e b e n e f it s


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

the 1955 picketing by Miami hotel workers. Even
though the NLRB had refused to exercise its
exclusive authority in the case, the matter lay
within the Board’s jurisdiction. The ruling was
related to the Court’s November 24 holding that
the Board could not waive jurisdiction over the
hotel industry as such.
C. R arick , the rank-and-file member of
the United Steelworkers of America who ran a sur­
prisingly strong race for the union’s presidency in
1957 and led an organized protest against a dues
increase, was overwhelmingly exonerated by his
local union of dual unionism charges. He is the
fifth dues increase protest leader to be cleared of
such charges.
New York City police officials and public opinion
blew the whistle on Teamster President James R.
Hoffa’s plans to organize policemen as part of a
proclaimed nationwide drive to unionize public
employees. Hoffa’s local organizer had threatened
to halt all deliveries to police stations after the
police commissioner forbade unionization of the
force.
By the end of the year, all former AFL and CIO
State bodies except New Jersey and Pennsylvania
had merged. Idaho, on December 16, was the
most recent. Merger discussions were under way
by three postal unions—the Letter Carriers, the
Mail Handlers, and the Postal Transport Associa­
tion. Combined membership is a claimed 150,000.
The International Jewelry Workers Union, by
its own request, on December 31 was placed under
trusteeship of the AFL-CIO. Joseph Morris,
president, and Hyman J. Powell, secretary-treas­
urer, resigned. Various charges have been made
against officials of the union, including exploita­
tion of Puerto Rican workers in New York City
through signing of substandard wage agreements.
Whether the AFL-CIO will welcome the Inter­
national Longshoremen’s Association as a prodigal
stepson will be decided at the Executive Council
meeting of the Federation, scheduled for Puerto
Rico in mid-February. The ILA was expelled
from the old AFL in 1953 for permitting racketeers
in positions of influence. A request for affiliation
has been filed by the ILA, which has succeeded in
dominating East and Gulf coast longshore union­
ization despite a rival organization established by
the AFL-CIO.
D onald

Construction
in the
1958 Economy
D o r o th y K . N

ew m an*

C o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t y played a leading role
in sharpening and deepening the 1957-58 reces­
sion, but has been as influential in contributing
to recovery. This is in contrast with the experi­
ence of the previous two recessions of 1948-50
and 1953-55, when construction lent strength
almost throughout the length of the cycle. (See
chart 1.)

The Down Phase
Recent economic literature is replete with de­
scriptions and discussions of the many faceted
decline that became evident in the summer of
1957—and broadened in subsequent months—the
drop in industrial production, employment, hours
of work, and earnings; the rise in unemployment;
and the reduction in manufacturing and trade
inventories and sales plus the edging off in con­
sumer expenditures; the cutbacks in installment
purchasing; and the decline in business loans and
interest rates, as bank reserves loosened and a
policy of credit ease was pursued. The momentum
in the business downswing in 1957-58, as in the
two earlier recessions, was furnished by the dur­
able-goods sector of the economy, and most
notably by the automobile industry and its as­
sociated producers, suppliers, and distributors.
The 1957-58 drop in construction appears on
the face to mirror the general decline. The out­
ward signs, however, are misleading. In the first
place, a substantial part of the drop in new con­
struction activity was caused by widespread


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storms and intense cold during February and
March.1 Besides, not all types of construction
trended lower during the downswing (on a season­
ally adjusted basis), and for most of those which
did, the recession was a neutral, incidental, or, at
most, an accelerating influence. In some cases,
easier money market conditions in the down phase
may be credited with having stimulated construc­
tion of some types, such as certain State and local
public works and Federal housing for the armed
services under the Capehart provisions of the
National Housing Act. For projects which take
a relatively long time to complete, such as large, pri­
vate industrial and commercial structures and many
highway, public utility, and Federal military and
conservation projects, the trend, either up or down,
during this past business downturn was determined
well before the summer of 1957, when the reces­
sion is recognized to have begun. In short, there
was no concerted falling off in construction activ­
ity which reflected a change in the economic
climate, although the construction decline which
occurred clearly intensified the economic down­
swing and gave early impetus to it. The drop in
construction activity resulted from a combination
of diverse influences, including the severe winter
weather, which, when they converged, caused a
slump coinciding with the business recession.
Private Nonresidential Building. The decline in
contract awards for private industrial building in
1957, when expenditures on new plant were at
their peak, resulted in the sharp drop in work
underway in 1958. Although the contract-awards
downtrend was accelerated during 1957-58 by
dwindling markets and increasingly excessive
capacity in some lines, the decline had already
set in when the 1957 crest in construction under­
way was reached, and plans were then being
•Of the Division of Construction Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1
Although large segments of the statistical series that measure the dollar
value of new construction put in place are insensitive to unusual weather
conditions, because they are derived by phasing the total value of contracts
awarded over a defined construction period (in a priori proportions! by
month), others are derived partially or totally from information on actual
progress of the work. Among the latter are most Federal and federally aided
construction projects, all of which showed a much greater than seasonal
decline during the winter. In addition, extreme weather conditions slow
down applications for building permits (see p. 4), and the start of construc­
tion in non-permit-issuing places. Both housing starts and outlays for new
dwelling units, which are derived from information from these sources,
dropped much more sharply than usual during the 1958 winter season. See
Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-56, A Statistical Supplement to Con­
struction Review, Derivation of the Estimates, Appendix B.

1

2

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

curtailed.2 Similarly, if contracts trend upward
in 1959, as many expect, the effect on the value of
work put in place in 1959 will be small and will be
felt most in construction activity in subsequent
years.
On the other band, in the trough of the recession,
during the second quarter of 1958, a rise in store
and mercantile building was foreshadowed by an
increase in contract awards, although work put
in place had dropped off between November 1957
and February 1958. Influential in this instance
were easier credit conditions, born of the economic
downturn, in addition to the marketing needs of
growing suburban communities and customers
drawn to the Nation’s improved and expanded
highways.
Office building continued to rise throughout the
business lull, but has since declined as large
projects begun in 1956, and in some cases earlier,
were being completed. Relatively few new struc­
tures were begun in 1958, so that a decline in work
underway is forecast for 1959.3
Chart 1.

* For a discussion of the ponderous nature of the long construction cycle,
and of short-term movements in construction, see V. Lewis Bassie, Economic
Forecasting (New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1958), pp. 303-322.
1
See Outlook for New Construction in 1959 (in Construction^ Re view,
December 1958, pp. 4-7).

Significant Economic Indicators in 3 Recessions, Seasonally Adjusted

Source: New construction expenditures and aggregate weekly man-hours
(covering mining, contract construction, and manufacturing), Bureau of


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Public Construction. Sharply rising public bond
sales between 1957 and mid-1958, when the cost
of financing was favorable, supported substantial
gains in hospital construction last year. More­
over, outlays for other types of State and local
public construction were sustained by the backlog
of need for administrative and public service or
community facilities for growing populations and
requirements for other facilities, such as ports to
connect with the St. Lawrence Seaway in the
Great Lakes States.
Substantial cutbacks in military and other
Federal works contracts during 1957 induced a
decline in federally financed construction under­
way during the recession downtrend. The Senate
Concurrent Resolutions of March 1958, urging
acceleration of civil public works and military
construction programs, and efforts of executive

Labor Statistics; industrial production, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve
System; gross national product, U. S. Department of Commerce.

3

CONSTRUCTION IN 1958

departments earlier in the year to expand con­
struction under existing authority to spend were
unable to reverse the trend immediately. A
change in policy, however, inspired by the first
Russian satellite launched in October 1957 and by
the deepening recession, prevented a more precip­
itate downtrend, and helped to support the later
economic recovery. However, contract awards
for Federal construction failed to rise above the
levels of the fourth quarter of 1957 until March
1958. (See upper panel of chart 2.)
In view of the large amount of Federal aid
contributed to highway programs, the rise in the
amount of road construction, particularly in the
first half of 1958, was disappointing. This was
the result not only of poor weather conditions,
but also of a chain of events which had their
beginning upon passage of the Federal-Aid High­
way Act of 1956. The interstate highway pro­
gram initiated by this act in effect supplanted most
projected toll highways, and plans for a number of
these projects were abandoned in 1956.4 In that
year, a substantial amount of work was underway
on about nine major toll turnpikes. Few were
begun, however, in 1956, and only one was started
in 1957—the Illinois system. The latter, as well
as 2 or 3 important extensions under construction
in 1958 have been completed, or virtually so.
The $400-million drop in toll-road work in 1958
about equaled the decline in State contributions
for highway work in 1958. Matching funds used
on the Federal-aid program, both the interstate
and regular programs, rose by about as much
as the decline in money spent on State and local
roads financed independently with tax-derived
funds. Thus, except for the reduction in tollroad work, State contributions to highway pro­
grams were about the same in 1957 and 1958.
Total highway expenditures, however, were up
about $380 million (all in Federal funds) in 1958,
against $550 million in 1957,5 and most of the rise
took place in the latter half of the year.
Residential Building. About two-fifths of the de­
cline in the dollar value of new construction put
in place from the fourth quarter of 1957 to the
first quarter of 1958 was in residential building.
4 For a more complete discussion of the toll-road movement in relation to
the new highway program, see L. Jay Atkinson and Edmond L. Kanwit,
Economic Aspects of the New Highway Program (in Survey of Current
Business, December 1956, pp. 19-25).
5 Based on revised unpublished estimates for 1956.


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Chart 2. Federally Owned Construction— V alu e of
Contracts Awarded and Work Put in Place,

1956-58
Millions of D o lla rs

M illions of D o lla rs

I956

I957

I958

1 Total for 12 months ending in month of reference.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics and U. S. Department of Commerce.

It will be argued that surely here is seen the in­
fluence of the recession, particularly consumers’
reluctance to invest in new housing and builders’
reluctance to undertake many additional projects
in an uncertain market. There is little doubt that
the recession must have had some impact, since
data on housing starts, when related to information
for a large group of labor market areas, show that
declines in the early part of the year tended to be
steepest in areas in which unemployment was
greatest. In attempting to appraise how much of

4

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Chart 3. Seasonally Adjusted Indexes of A ggre­
gate Weekly Man-Hours in Contract Con­
struction Manufacturing, and Mining, 1957-58
in d e x

1 9 4 7 -4 9 = 1 0 0

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

the decrease was due to economic conditions, how­
ever, it becomes clear that the business downturn
may not have been as important as some other
factors.
There is ample evidence, for instance, that
residential building permit activity was greatly
affected by the severe weather. February, with
rare exceptions, even when construction is sliding
generally, shows some increase over January, as
a harbinger of the spring and summer construc­
tion season. The unusual drop in building-permit
activity for all building construction, but particu­
larly in housing, between January and February
1958, was in large part a reflection of the abnormal
cold and widespread storms. About two-thirds
of all dwelling units authorized by permits in any
month are begun in that month, so that a drop in
permits authorized has a substantial effect on
housing starts and on work put in place in any
period. Although permit activity rebounded in
March, the February and March totals were the
only ones in 1958 to show a decrease from the
previous year. This was not true of January or
April, for example, when all other economic indi­


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cators were still lagging, but just of the months
when weather conditions were extreme. The
freakish nature of the construction slump is par­
ticularly well illustrated by comparing the trend
in aggregate weekly man-hours in contract con­
struction (seasonally adjusted),6 with the same
measure in other industry groups (chart 3).
In general, financing for housing begun in Febru­
ary and March had been arranged several months
before. The backlog of mortgage commitments
for Government-assisted housing, which is the
most volatile segment of the housing market,
increased in the fall of 1957 and declined only
moderately in the following winter. Yet, in
February and March, the seasonally adjusted
annual rate of housing starts fell well below the
million mark, which had been the approximate
level for 7 months before, and the level to which
the rate rebounded immediately after.
To be sure, dwelling units represented by re­
quests for Veterans Administration appraisals
were at unusually low levels in the latter months
of 1957, foreshadowing a decline in winter
starts under the VA guaranty program. At the
same time, however, the number of dwelling units
for which applications had been filed for FHAinsured loans were higher than comparable 1956
figures. Both trends can be traced directly to
elements in the financing and credit structure of
the period. The cost of credit continued high
almost throughout 1957. The first notable de­
cline was in December. The maximum permis­
sible interest rate on VA-guaranteed mortgages
was unchanged (4% percent) until April 1958,
when the Emergency Housing Act of 1958 was
passed, and the interest rate was raised to 4%per­
cent. On the other hand, the maximum statutory
interest on FHA-insured mortgages was raised to
5 / percent by the Housing Act of 1957 in August
of that year, whereupon applications for these
mortgages rose strikingly, and applications for VA
appraisals slumped coincidentally, and did not rise
again until after the 1958 Emergency Housing Act
was passed. Housing begun under conventional
financing increased slowly but steadily during and
beyond the 1957-58 winter, certainly revealing
no marked weakness in the housing market.
The downtrend in housing starts under Govern­
ment-assisted programs in the fall and winter of
6 These data are not available by type of construction.

CONSTRUCTION IN 1958

5

7 Seasonal Adjustment of the Construction Materials Output Indexes (in
Construction Review, January 1959, pp. 9-14).

physical volume of all new construction put in
place, is reflected in the U. S. Department of
Commerce composite index of construction-ma­
terials production. Between the summer of 1957
and early 1958, that index fell from a short plateau,
but this downswing appears to have been the con­
tinuation of one which began in the spring of
1956, following the reversal in housing activity.
However, in the case of the production of iron and
steel products used most extensively in industrial
and other heavy construction, the trend has more
closely followed movements in industrial expansion
and the economy generally, revealing the ups and
downs of boom, recession, and recovery. In con­
trast, the general decline in cement production
since mid-1956 was much less than for most other
materials, because of the strength of the highway
expansion since 1956.7

1 Total for 12 months ending in month of reference.
2 Includes all new dwelling units without Government-assisted financing.
Source: FHA-VA—basic data from Federal Housing Administration and

Veterans Administration except January-April 1951 which reflect 1950 estimates for VA housing starts prepared by the Housing and Home Finance
Agency; total and conventional—Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1957-58 may in fact be seen as an extension of the
longer term decline which began in the latter half
of 1955, when the money market tightened. It is
well illustrated in chart 4, which smooths erratic
monthly fluctuations by presenting the data in
terms of 12-month moving totals. It is apparent
also that the rise in conventionally financed hous­
ing during periods of credit stringency, when
Government-assisted mortgages with relatively
fixed return lose attractiveness, was fully as great
during the last half of 1957, when the recession was
underway, as in 1951-53 when the economy was
booming.
The decline since 1955 in residential building,
and, consistent with this, the downtrend in the

491308— 59-------2


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6

The Up Phase
Preceded by rising contract awards, buildingpermit activity, and housing starts, the value of
new construction put in place began to increase
strongly in May 1958, along with most other
economic indicators, and contributed substantial
momentum to the business upturn. The Federal
Reserve System index of industrial production,
which by October 1958 had regained over 60
percent of the ground lost since the peak month
in 1957, was extensively supported, beginning in
the spring, by industries responding to the rise
in construction—for example, furniture and fix­
tures; lumber and products; and stone, clay, and
glass products. The index of construction mate­
rials production rallied in March and has pro­
ceeded upward. Even the tone of wholesale
prices as measured by the BLS Wholesale Price
Index was maintained to a considerable extent by
the strength of prices for construction materials
and machinery. In fact, in reviewing the effect
on the total economy, it can be said that the force­
ful upward trend in construction helped greatly
to offset the weakness still manifest in the auto­
mobile industry during the fall of 1958.
Contract construction employment in October
1958 was within 2 percent of the October 1957
level, and had recovered more than any other
industry group, in terms of aggregate -weekly
man-hours. The value of new construction put
in place was at record levels during the latter
months of 1958,8 and by the close of the year,
private housing starts had catapulted to 1,300,000
dwelling units, on a seasonally adjusted annual
rate basis—the highest since 1955.
Almost all types of construction except private
industrial plant and office building, were heading
up in the latter half of 1958, but construction of
new housing and highways were chiefly responsible
for the over-the-year gain in the dollar value of
new construction put in place. Both were spurred
by legislative action early in 1958—the Emergency
Housing Act of 1958 and the Federal-Aid Highway
Act of 1958.
Supported by easing credit conditions as well
as by provisions of the Emergency Housing Act,9
applications for FHA-insured private mortgage


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

loans soared to levels reached in the very active
housing years, 1954-55. These loans had the
advantage not only of a special assistance fund
under the Federal National Mortgage Association,
at attractive prices, but of a reasonably competi­
tive interest rate. Applications for VA appraisals
also rose substantially, but not as spectacularly
as the FHA applications. Private housing starts
moved sharply upward in response. Public hous­
ing for military personnel begun under the Capehart provisions of the National Housing Act
jumped 50 percent in 1958. Together, all new
private and public housing accounted for a $1-bil­
lion rise in the value of new construction put in
place between 1957 and 1958, almost offsetting
the more than $l-biJlion decline in private indus­
trial building.
Effects of the 1958 Federal-Aid Highway Act
as an antirecession measure were not as clear as
those of the Emergency Housing Act. Only
about $135 million that was spent in 1958 is
traceable to the special Federal-aid program au­
thorized by the 1958 act.10 Nevertheless, this
sum was large enough to account for one-third
of the rise in expenditures for new highways in
1958, since broad extension of work on the inter­
state system, and on other Federal-aid highway
work during the year was substantially counter­
balanced by the sharp drop in toll-road construc­
tion. Actually, through the Federal-aid highway
8 In general, man-hours have lagged behind the rise in production, but in
the case of construction, it should be emphasized also that the measures for
employment and new construction activity cover different segments of con­
struction activity. See Noncomparability of Statistics on Contract Con­
struction Employment and the Value of New Construction Put in Place
(in Construction Review, March 1955, pp. 7-9).
9 The features of this law which had the most influence on construction in
1958 were those (1) extending the VA home loan program for2years, (2) raising
interest rates on VA-guaranteed and FHA-insured military (Capehart)
home mortgages, (3) lowering downpayments on FHA-insured sales-housing
loans, and, most particularly, (4) setting up a $1 billion special assistance
fund under the Federal National Mortgage Association for purchase at par
of Government-backed loans of $13,500 or less on new houses. In addition,
the former 2-percent minimum downpayme it on VA loans was eliminated
by administrative regulation.
For more detail on this and other legislation and for information on regu­
lations affecting construction in 1958, see various issues of Construction Re­
view, Vol. 4. See also Review of 1958 Legislation and Regulations Affecting
Construction (in Construction Review, November 1958, pp. 43-44).
10 The chief features of the 1958 legislation were: (1) Authorization of sub­
stantial increases for the regular Federal-aid program, with the Federal
Government bearing the major share of the cost of projects for which work on
contracts, awarded by December 1, 1958, were to be completed by Decem­
ber 1,1959; and (2) suspension, for fiscal years 1959 and 1960, of the limitation
of Federal expenditures for Federal-aid highways to moneys in the Highway
Trust Fund.

CONSTRUCTION IN 1958

program alone, Federal funds accounted for most
of the 1958 rise in expenditures for new public
construction ($750 million out of $873 million).
The chief public works measures passed during
1958 were: (1) The 1958 Supplemental Defense
Appropriation Act (February) which authorized
expenditures for Air Force installations, especially
aircraft warning facilities, aircraft dispersal bases,
and missile installations; (2) the Senate Concurrent
Resolutions (March), calling for acceleration of
civil and public works and military construction
programs; (3) the Public Works Appropriation
Act (September) which provided record funds
for the Corps of Engineers; and (4) the omni­


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7
bus rivers and harbors legislation (July). Much
of this legislation reflected the 1958 policy of
expanding needed public construction to help
stem the tide of unemployment. Federal con­
tract awards rose markedly, but because of the
long lead time in getting work underway, 1958
expenditures on federally owned military and
civil projects barely exceeded those in 1957.
The most that can be said is that the resurgence
of Federal contract awards in mid-1958, in addi­
tion to substantial increases in 1956 and early
1957, prevented a slide in 1958 Federal construc­
tion on account of contract cutbacks in the latter
half of 1957.

Clerical Salaries
in New York City
Since 1948
F rederick W. M ueller*

u n i q u e i m p o r t a n c e of New York City as
a labor market for office employees and the increas­
ing proportion of such workers in the Nation’s
labor force give trends in salaries and working
conditions of office workers in that area particular
significance. The preeminence of the New York
labor market is such that it accounted for 26
percent of the office clerical workers in the 19
major labor markets in which the Bureau of
Labor Statistics conducted occupational wage
and salary surveys in the winter of 1957-58.1
This is due partly to the city’s being the locale
of a disproportionately large share of corporate
headquarters and consequently having an un­
usual concentration of clerical workers (30 percent
of all employees within the scope of the survey in
New York City). This article brings together
some of the principal findings from annual surveys
of office salaries and related practices by the
Bureau in the New York area since 1948. These
reveal the major changes and movements that
have occurred over the decade, even though direct
year-to-year comparisons cannot in all instances
be made, particularly for the years prior to 1951.

T he

Earnings Trends
From 1948 to 1958, average salaries of women
clerical workers in New York City rose 60 percent.2
(See chart.) For the same period, the New York
City Consumer Price Index advanced 18 percent.
Although the CPI relates to a much broader
population group than the salary data, the wide
disparity in the rates of change clearly indicates
8


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that the real salaries of women clerical workers
have significantly increased.
There was little correspondence between the
movements of the New York City CPI and the
salary index for women clerical workers in that
area during the decade. The CPI was relatively
stable except during the Korean conflict, and in
the period between mid-1956 and the summer of
1958. The salary index, in contrast, followed
a steady upward trend, with year-to-year changes
ranging up to 5.8 percent. The smallest increase,
3.4 percent, took place between February 1949
and February 1950, a period when business ac­
tivity generally was slack.
The advance in the salaries of women clerical
workers has approximated the movement of wages
for blue-collar workers in New York City since
1952, the first year for which comparisons can be
made. The nature of the available data makes
comparisons valid only within fairly broad limits.
From 1952 to 1958, the level of average straighttime hourly earnings3 for skilled plant mainte­
nance workers and unskilled plant workers 4in the
New York City area, based on the occupational
wage surveys, increased by 30 and 31 percent,
respectively. The index of women’s clerical
salaries, for the same period, rose 31 percent.
* Of the New York Regional Office, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The Bureau surveyed occupational earnings and related wage benefits
on an areawide basis in these 19 areas: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago,
Cleveland, Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Memphis, Milwaukee,
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Newark-Jersey City, New Orleans, New York City,
Philadelphia, Portland (Oreg.), St. Louis, San Francisco-Oakland, and
Seattle. The results of the surveys were published as BLS Bull. 1224-1 to 19
(for the individual areas, with New York City being 1224-15) and 1224-20
(the forthcoming summary for all areas).
The surveys covered 6 broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; trans­
portation (except railroads), communications, and other public utilities—
hereinafter referred to as public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate—hereinafter referred to as finance; and selected
service industries. Municipally owned utilities were excluded, as well as
other government-operated establishments. Coverage was limited to es­
tablishments with 51 or more workers, except in 10 of the largest areas where
the minimum size was 101 employees for manufacturing, public utilities, and
retail trade.
2 See chart footnote for time periods used as reference points.
The change in salaries is based on indexes of salaries for a standard work­
week, computed as a byproduct of the BLS occupational wage surveys.
For a detailed explanation of the method used, see Occupational Wage Sur­
vey, New York, N. Y., April 1956, BLS Bull. 1188-17 (p. 3). Men clerical
workers are included in the surveys but not on a sufficiently comprehensive
basis to justify the preparation of a separate index.
3 Excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
4 These plant worker groups consist of employees in maintenance, power
plant, custodial, and material movement occupations.
Each year, all establishments in the sample are asked to provide information
for both plant and office workers. However, some establishments have office
workers only; others, plant workers only; the remainder, varying combina­
tions of both.

NEW YORK CITY CLERICAL SALARIES

Considering the many differences in the nature
and conditions of employment between manual
workers and women clerical workers, this degree
of parallelism is striking.
A considerably broader comparison can be made
by utilizing the Bureau’s regular series on gross
average hourly earnings for production and related
workers in manufacturing. For the period 1948
through April 1958, gross average hourly earnings
in the New York City area increased 39 percent,
compared with 60 percent for the women clerical
workers, as shown on the chart. Part of the
difference in movement lies in the nature of the
series. The clerical worker index is based on
straight-time earnings of workers in a constant
list of selected occupations and data from large
establishments only. The factory worker index,
in contrast, is based on the gross earnings of all
production workers on the payrolls of establish­
ments of all sizes. A larger part of the lag in
factory earnings in the New York labor market
can be traced to New York City’s vast garment
industry, which in April 1958 employed about
253,000 workers (29 percent of the city’s factory
employment). It employs relatively few office
clerical workers and is largely composed of small
units which are categorically excluded from the
wage surveys. This industry showed only a 22percent increase in gross average hourly earnings
from 1950 (when industry data became available)
to April 1958, compared with 34 percent for all
factory production workers in the area over the
same period. But even excluding the garment
industry, the increase in hourly earnings in manu­
facturing [in the 1950-58 period] would have been
only 41 percent, whereas clerical worker salaries
rose 46 percent.
Two broad generalizations can tentatively be
advanced on long-term changes in the wage posi­
tion of clerical workers relative to other employee
groups in New York City. First, within the
framework of the Bureau’s series of community
wage surveys, the trend in salaries of clerical
workers and that in wages of selected groups of
plant workers are strikingly alike. Second, cleri5 The 7 numerically most important occupations for which data for women
were obtained and 3 representative occupations in which substantial numbers
of men were employed.
6 Wage Differences and Establishment Practices, 17 Labor Markets,
1953-54, BLS Bull. 1173 (p. 15). See also Wage Differences Among Labor
Markets, 1953-54 (in Monthly Labor Review, October 1954, pp. 1090-1096).


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

9
cal salaries have moved ahead at a more rapid
rate than hourly earnings of factory production
workers, particularly those in the apparel in­
dustries.
Variations Among Industries
Pay levels for office workers are generally higher
in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing in­
dustries in New York City, as in most areas.
The April 1958 occupational wage survey in
New York showed the nonmanufacturing levels
to be consistently lower for all 10 occupations
presented in table l.5 Within the nonmanufac­
turing segment they were by no means homoge­
neous, however. The salary level in public utilities
was close to or above manufacturing in 9 of the
10 occupations. This situation was also true for
wholesale trade in most occupations. Retail
trade and finance were consistently below manu­
facturing, in the approximate magnitude of 10
percent in a majority of occupations. The
pattern of service industries was mixed, due in
part to the extremely broad scope of this category,
which includes businesses as diverse as power
laundries and advertising agencies.
Comparable data on industry variations are not
available over the 10-year period. A somewhat
similar analysis based on the 1954 survey 6
revealed about the same relationships.
Indexes of pay levels for 10 office clerical occu­
pations in nonmanufacturing industries, New York City,1
April 1958

T a b l e 1.

[Manufacturing pay levels in each occupation=100]
Nonmanufacturing industry
Occupation
T otal

Fi­
Public Whole­ Retail
Serv­
util­
sale trade nance 3 ices
ities 2 trade

M en
Clerks, accounting, class A .. _
Office boys __
_________ _
Tabulating-machine operators______ . _ _______

96
99

107
101

97
103

90
92

92
98

94
95

95

113

103

89

90

101

92
91
94
93
92
89
92

104
99
105
97
99
92
99

104
96
95
97
97
95
100

97
87
91
92
85
88
90

89
88
94
90
92
86
89

102
94
91
96
88
92
98

Women
Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B _ _ _ _ _ _
Clerks, file, class B;_ _______
Secretaries______ ________
Stenographers, general______
Switchboard operators______
Typist, class A ....
_ _ ___
Typist, class B ____________

1 Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties, N. Y.
2 Transportation (excluding railroads), communications, and other public
utilities.
2 Finance, insurance, and real estate.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

10

Many factors contribute to the salary differen­
tials among different business groupings. The
New York situation is further accentuated by the
location there of an unusually large number of
central offices. These offices generally pay higher
salaries than business as a whole. For example,
in the 1954 survey, where central office average
salaries for clerical occupations were published
separately, they led the overall average in 17 out
of 21 instances where comparisons could be made
and lagged but once. Most frequently their levels
were $1.50 to $4 a week higher. Since typically,
but by no means exclusively, these are the home
offices of manufacturing enterprises, they con­
tribute to the general manufacturing differential.
Interoccupational Variations
Average salary levels for the 23 women’s clerical
occupations studied in 1958, despite a wide range,
clustered into four more or less clearly definable
bands. These bands are apparent in table 2,
which shows 1948-58 indexes of average salaries
for the 23 occupations,7 with the average salary
of office girls as the base, arrayed according to
their ranking in 1958. The extremes in April
1958 were the averages for secretaries and office
girls, with the actual average of $85 a week for
the former two-thirds higher than the $51 average
for the latter. The average salaries of class B
T able 2.

typists, class B file clerks, and duplicatingmachine operators, which comprised the first
band, ranged from 6 to 16 percent above the level
for office girls. The next higher group consisted
of 13 occupations, ranging in salary level from 25
to 35 percent above the office girls. Included in
this group were such diverse occupations as comp­
tometer operators, switchboard operators, general
stenographers, and class B accounting clerks.
The third group of occupations, with salary levels
42 to 48 percent above that of office girls, consisted
of tabulating-machine operators, class A book­
keeping-machine operators, and payroll clerks.
Finally, the top group, 59 to 67 percent higher,
included technical stenographers, class A account­
ing clerks, and secretaries.
The sharp rise in the level of all clerical salaries
over the last 10 years has brought some changes
in the interoccupational relationships. The lower
salaried jobs have, in general, maintained a very
steady relationship to each other since 1948. The
large group of jobs for which salaries averaged 25
to 35 percent above the office girls’ salary average
in 1958 ranged from 33 to 42 percent higher in
1948. Within this group of 13 jobs, salary rela­
tionships have remained fairly constant. How­
ever, there has been some compression of the
7
Insufficient data are available for men to warrant their inclusion in this
comparison.

Indexes of pay levels of selected office clerical occupations, New York City,1 1948-58 2
[Average salaries of office girls in each year =100]

Occupation

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

Secretaries____ _______________________________________
Stenographers, technical___________________________ _____ Clerks, accounting, class A_____- -- -------------- ----------------------------

(3)
160
(3)

(3)
162
(3)

«
158
(3)

176
161
(3)

171
158
(3)

169
154
(3)

170
157
157

172
162
162

171
158
160

168
161
156

167
161
159

Clerks, payroll_______________________ ______ ___________ - ------Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A --------- ---------------- -----Tabulating-machine operators. . ------------------- --------------------------

152
158
(3)

149
155
(3)

152
155
(3)

151
151
149

147
151
146

146
148
146

146
154
144

151
149
145

148
143
143

149
146
145

148
146
142

Stenographers, general-.. . -------------------- - ----------------------------Transcribing-machine operators, general___ . ------. . . - Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine)----------------------------Comptometer operators_____________________________ -Clerks, file, class A ----------------------------------- ------------ --Switchboard operators------ --------------------------- ---------------Switchboard operator-receptionists. ____________ _________
Billers, machine (billing m achine)... — ------------------------Clerks, order_______ . . . ------------ . -- . . . --------------------Typists, class A __________ . . .
-----------------------------------------Clerks, accounting, class B ______
_. ------------------------- ---------Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ----------------------------Key-punch operators________________________________ . . . . -------

142
134
144
139
139
134
134
134
135
(3)
133
(3)

140
135
148
138
138
140
135
132
134
134
(3)
132
129

140
139
146
139
139
140
136
131
136
134
(3)
134
130

139
135
146
142
137
138
135
137
132
137
(3)
128
132

137
133
146
138
138
135
134
134
132
134
129
130

136
132
144
136
133
132
133
133
131
133
(3)
128
128

136
133
140
139
137
135
133
137
133
132
127
127
127

138
137
140
140
138
137
131
140
134
134
128
129
127

137
137
135
138
138
135
132
136
130
134
127
128
125

136
136
133
135
135
132
131
131
130
132
127
125
125

135
135
134
134
132
132
130
129
129
129
126
125
125

Duplicating-machine operators _________________________________
Typists, class B . ---------------------------------------- . . . -------------------Clerks, file, class B __________ ______ _______ _______ ________ ______

(3)
114
106

(3)
112
105

(3)
115
106

120
115
107

121
116
108

120
116
106

121
117
107

120
117
108

121
116
107

118
115
106

116
115
106

loo

1 See footnote 1, table 1.
2 The data relate to payrolls in specific months, ranging from January to
April for the years shown.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

8 Not available.

(3>

NEW YORK CITY CLERICAL SALARIES

differentials between this group as a whole and
the lower paid jobs. With allowance for gaps in
the early data, a similar compression has taken
place with respect to most occupations in the two
top groups. Average salaries of secretaries and tabulating-machine operators, for example, were 76 and
49 percent higher, respectively, than office girls in
1951, but only 67 and 42 percent in 1958. Thus,
it appears that there has been some, but by no
means a dramatic, narrowing of differentials in
percentage terms between the lowest paid group
of jobs and all the others. Excluding this lowest
group, most occupational relationships have re­
mained reasonably constant, although there are
some sharp exceptions.

11
Indexes of Office Salaries, Factory Earnings, and
Consumer Prices, New York City, 1 9 4 8 -5 8 1
index

1953=100

Establishment Practices
The BLS occupational wage surveys in New
York City, as well as in other areas, have regularly
presented information on a number of nonwage
practices. Among the practices studied have
been weekly work schedules, paid holidays and
vacations, and insurance and pension plans.
Trends in the prevalence of these practices are
briefly summarized in the material which follows.
Scheduled Weekly Hours. The gradual shortening
of the clerical workweek has been the outstanding
development in work schedules since 1949.8 In
April 1958, 56 percent of the clerical workers in
New York City were employed in establishments
with a 35-hour schedule, compared with approxi­
mately 40 percent in 1949. The 40-hour week
now accounts for only 9 percent of the clerical
employment; the comparable earlier figure was
25 percent. The importance of workweeks of 36%
and 37% hours has remained roughly the same;
about one-third of the workers fall in this range.
Despite this general movement toward shorter
hours among office workers, the 40-hour week is
still predominant for plant workers in all the
major industrial classifications cited.
In 1958, there were some rather sharp distinc­
tions in the work schedules of office workers among
broad industrial groupings. In manufacturing
industries, 68 percent of the office workers were
in establishments with a 35-hour week. Among
8
1948 data on scheduled weekly hours are not comparable with data for
later surveys.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

i For the years 1948 through 1957, salary indexes (relating to the standard
work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid) are based on data
relating to specific months which have fluctuated from January to April; the
Consumer Price Index and factory earnings (gross average hourly earnings)
represent annual averages. For 1958, all data relate to April, since annual
averages are not yet available.
See footnote 1, table 1, for area definition.

other major groups, the 35-hour week was sched­
uled in establishments employing 62 percent of the
office employees in service industries, 58 percent
in finance, 52 percent in public utilities, 50 percent
in wholesale trade, and 16 percent in retail trade.
In retail trade, the 37%-hour week was most
common, although schedules of 36% and 40 hours
were each well represented.
Paid Holidays. Paid holiday practices varied
considerably at the time of the 1958 survey. The
most common practice—11 paid holidays—applied
to establishments employing 40 percent of the
office workers in New York City. No other
provision was at all widespread, with 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 12 each applicable in establishments employ­
ing about 10 percent of the workers.
Of the 6 major industry groups for which the
BLS surveys show separate data, 3 had sharply

12

defined patterns. In public utilities, 70 percent
of the employees were in establishments with 11
paid holidays. This provision also applied to
59 percent of the workers in finance; in this group,
another 26 percent were under 12-day provisions.
In retail trade, 52 percent were in establishments
with 7 paid holidays; but 20 percent were in the
10-day group.
In manufacturing, 10 days was most common,
but it affected only 25 percent of the clerical
staffs; 8, 9, or 11 days were only slightly less
prevalent. Wholesale trade establishments pro­
vided from 7 to 11 days, with no distinct prefer­
ence for any single provision. Among the service
industries, the most prevalent holiday provisions
were 8 days (32 percent of the workers), 7 days
(26 percent), and 11 days (17 percent).
Since 1950, the earliest date for which com­
parable data are available, the pattern of paid
holidays for business in general has been quite
stable in New York City. Although there has
been some movement, the number of holidays
that were most important in 1950 held the same
position in 1958.
The 1958 BLS survey report, for the first time,
identified individual holidays in terms of their
prevalence. Seven holidays were almost uni­
versal: New Year’s Day, Washington’s Birthday,
Memorial Day, July 4, Labor Day, Thanksgiving,
and Christmas. Approximately 2 out of 3 em­
ployees were in establishments observing Election
Day, Columbus Day, and Lincoln’s Birthday.
Veterans Day was observed in firms employing
slightly more than 50 percent of the office work­
ers. All other holidays were considerably less
prevalent.
Paid Vacations. For many years the office worker
in New York has received a 2-week paid vaca­
tion, usually after a year’s service with his em­
ployer. Nine out of 10 workers were eligible for
such benefit, both in 1950 and in 1958.
The most important changes are in terms of a
longer vacation. Three weeks’ vacation after 15
years’ service was a prevailing practice as long
ago as 1951, the time of the first detailed study of
vacation provisions. Provision of 3 weeks after
10 years’ service, however, has been growing
significantly during the past few years. At the


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

time this practice was initially reported in 1953,
35 percent of the office workers were employed
in establishments observing it. This provision
applied to 56 percent of the office workers in both
1957 and 1958. Concurrent with this change has
been a parallel development in the 4-week vaca­
tion. For the first time in 1958, more than half
the workers were in establishments providing 4
weeks for their 25-year employees, compared with
a level of 37 percent in 1954. Moreover, provi­
sions of 4 weeks after 20 years and 3 weeks after
5 years have also developed to a point where 20
percent of the workers are in establishments
offering these benefits; these two provisions have
shown a small but quite steady growth over the
past few years.
Among the city’s major industrial groups, vaca­
tion practices showed both striking similarities
and variations at the time of the 1958 survey.
The employee of 6 months was generally eligible
for a week’s vacation, although longer vacations
up to 2 weeks were common. After a year, the
employee was almost invariably eligible for 2
weeks, unless he worked in retail trade—where 43
percent of the workers were in firms providing
only 1 week, although 53 percent were eligible for
2 weeks. After 10 years’ service, all of the in­
dustry groups provided 3 weeks to a majority of
employees, except the public utilities which gen­
erally required 15 years’ service. Four weeks’
vacation picked up momentum at the 20-year
service level, but in no industry group embraced
more than 25 percent of the workers. For the
25-year employee, the 4-week provision varied
widely, ranging from 80 percent of the finance
workers to 30 percent of the public utilities
employees.
Insurance and Pension Plans. The prevalence of
most kinds of insurance and of retirement pensions
has broadened steadily in recent years.9 Life
insurance was provided in 1958 by firms employ­
ing over 90 percent of the office workers in the
New York City area. The comparable percentage
in 1950 was 79. Coverage providing additional
9
The surveys record only the existence of a plan and not its substantive
content. Data are obtained for all plans for which all or a part of the cost
is borne by the employer, excluding only programs required by law, such as
workmen’s compensation and old-age and survivors insurance.

NEW YORK CITY CLERICAL SALARIES

benefits for accidental death and dismemberment
has applied to about 40 percent of the workers
since 1953, when the prevalence of these benefits
was first surveyed. The numbers of hospitaliza­
tion, surgical, and medical insurance plans have
steadily increased. In 1958, the first two were in
effect in establishments employing three-fourths
of the office workers; the earliest comparable
figures were 51 percent for hospitalization in 1951
and 55 percent for surgical in 1953. Medical
insurance was in effect for firms with 54 percent
of the workers in 1958, compared with 33 percent
in 1953. Catastrophe insurance, also frequently
termed major medical, was provided in firms em­
ploying 31 percent of the office workers—a dra­
matic growth from 6.5 percent in 1954, when this
provision was first studied. Retirement pensions
have advanced steadily from the figure of 60percent coverage in 1950; 81 percent of the office
workers in 1958 were in establishments with formal
pension plans.


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13
Of these various benefits, life insurance and
pension plans were the only ones widely found
throughout all major industry groups in 1958.
Accidental death and dismemberment insurance
was most often provided by public utility firms,
where it applied to 64 percent of the workers; at
the other extreme was retail trade, where the
figure was 25 percent. Hospitalization and sur­
gical insurance coverage topped 80 percent in
manufacturing, retail trade, and finance, but
dropped to the 50-percent mark in the public
utilities group. Medical insurance, at lower levels
of office worker coverage in all groups than hos­
pitalization and surgical insurance, had a similar
pattern. Catastrophe insurance, in 4 of the 6
groups, was in effect in establishments employing
between 20 and 30 percent of the workers. The
highest representation was in finance, where firms
employing 45 percent of the workers offered this
coverage; the lowest was in public utilities, where
13 percent of the workers were covered.

A Review of
American Labor
in 1958
E ugene Skotzko*

R ec essio n , corruption, right-to-w ork legislation,
and jurisdictional feuding betw een unions were
the m ajor problem s w hich organized labor faced

in 1958.
Labor and the Recession
As 1958 began, the labor movement, in common
with other groups in the community, was gravely
concerned over the deepening recession. It is
now evident that economic recovery began in the
spring, and industrial production has regained
about 80 percent of its loss. But the rise in em­
ployment and the decline in unemployment have
shown their typical lag on the upturn. (For
discussion of the employment situation and the
recession, see the articles on pp. 1 and 22 of this
issue.) This situation, coupled with a shortened
workweek and rising prices, not only reduced
workers’ purchasing power temporarily but also
confronted some unions with difficult problems
in negotiating new contracts. On the whole,
however, union members secured substantial con­
tract improvements during the year.
A major factor in the advance in wage rates
during the year was the prevalence of provisions
in collective bargaining contracts negotiated in
preceding years for deferred wage increases and
cost-of-living escalator clauses. In the first 9
months of 1958, such provisions brought higher
wage rates to about 3.9 million workers, mostly in
the basic steel, aluminum, meatpacking, electrical
14

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equipment, and railroad industries. Moreover,
although the recession had a moderating influence
on the demands of some unions and delayed some
settlements, the heavy bargaining during the
year, on the whole, yielded substantial gains for
union members, both in wages and supplementary
benefits. A Bureau of Labor Statistics study of
major collective bargaining contracts (each affect­
ing 1,000 or more workers) negotiated during the
first 9 months of 1958 showed that 6.2 million, or
about 90 percent, of the workers affected received
wage increases, while wages remained unchanged
for 10 percent; less than 0.5 percent had to take
pay cuts. The most common increases were
between 7 and 9 cents an hour, for 20 percent of
the workers, and 10 cents or more for 45 percent.
Almost 75 percent of the contracts provided
improved fringe benefits.
In some major bargaining situations, settle­
ments became more difficult to reach. Negotia­
tions between the United Auto Workers and
Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors dragged for
several months until settlement was finally
reached (in September and early October) on
terms which included improvements in certain
fringe benefits, particularly the supplemental
unemployment benefit plan, and renewal of the
annual improvement factor and cost-of-living
adjustment provisions.
Similarly in September, the General Electric
Co. and the Westinghouse Electric Co. countered
union employment-security demands with security
plans of their own (based on the principle of
employee savings and investments augmented by
company contributions, and coupled with reduc­
tion and postponement of scheduled wage in­
creases). The major unions, led by the Inter­
national Union of Electrical Workers, rejected the
plans as being based on false economic theory,
and the negotiations reached a stalemate.
The recession apparently also had a moderating
effect on strike activity. In the first 11 months
of 1958, there were in effect 3,175 work stoppages
(including 100 that began in 1957), which idled
2.1 million workers for a total of 21.4 million
man-days, or 0.2 percent of estimated working
time for all industries. Man-days of strike idle­
ness were lower than in any other postwar year
except 1957.
*Of the Office of Publications, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1958 REVIEW OF AMERICAN LABOR

Corruption in Labor Relations
War on corruption in labor relations was con­
tinued in 1958 both through congressional in­
quiries and cleanup actions by labor itself. In
addition, the Congress enacted a bill to eliminate
corruption in the management of pension and wel­
fare funds.
Senate Inquiries. Unions investigated by the
Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities
in the Labor or Management Field during the
year were the Operating Engineers, the United
Auto Workers, the Hotel and Restaurant Em­
ployees, the Meat Cutters, the Carpenters, and the
Teamsters—all AFL-CIO affiliates except the
Teamsters. As in the preceding year, the com­
mittee’s findings served as the basis for disciplinary
actions by the AFL-CIO Executive Council
against the unions in which corruption was found.
Thus, in effect, the committee spearheaded labor’s
own drive for clean unionism.
Among the unions under the committee’s scru­
tiny, the United Auto Workers alone was not
charged with unethical practices within the union.
The inquiry was concentrated on the union’s 4year-old strike against the Kohler Co., a plumbingfixture manufacturer in Kohler, Wis.
The probe of the Operating Engineers produced
evidence of rule through violence and undemo­
cratic methods by some union leaders. The presi­
dent of a Long Island, N. Y., local admitted that
his local had different classes of membership and
that a majority of its members were voteless.
The union’s international president, William R.
Maloney, was charged with using union property
and money to personal advantage, and the com­
mittee chairman said he controlled the union
through “association with mobsters and rack­
eteers.” (A few days later, Maloney, who did
not appear before the committee, resigned his
post on grounds of “physical impairment.”)
In the Chicago area, the committee charged,
hoodlums and racketeers had infiltrated the Hotel
and Restaurant Employees. It was also alleged
that they had coerced workers into the union by
threats of violence and had forced some restaurant
owners to buy “labor peace.”
The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co. was
charged before the committee with having signed
a collusive 5-year contract in 1952 with the Meat

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15
Cutters in the New York metropolitan area, after
having resisted attempts of other unions to organ­
ize its workers. Local officials of the Meat Cut­
ters were charged with forging signatures on
union cards to support its claim that it represented
a majority of the company’s employees.
Maurice Hutcheson, president of the Carpen­
ters union, was questioned by the committee re­
garding his alleged misuse of union funds in a
highway land scandal in Indiana, but he refused
to answer. (An Indiana grand jury investigating
the scandal had refused to indict Hutcheson.)
The most resounding of the committee’s hear­
ings in 1958 was the 7-week probe in late summer
of the Teamsters. In the course of it, union
President James R. Hoffa was accused of various
acts of misconduct, including one incident linking
him to a payoff by management. Hoffa’s aide,
Vice President Harold J. Gibbons, was linked to
union violence and charged with buying his way
to power in the union. Gibbons, confronted with
committee allegations that the union was a haven
for criminals, made a statement that the Teamsters
operated in an “unskilled area,” where former
criminals without skills seek rehabilitation. At
the end of the Teamster probe, the committee’s
chairman, referring to a statement by Hoffa that
the union could “shut down the commerce of the
Nation” at will, said: “This excessive power is
within itself frightening, but when reposed in men
who are unscrupulous in its use, it signals [a]
grave danger.”
The Teamsters. The Teamsters union and its
president drew public attention on other counts
throughout 1958.
The seating of Hoffa and other officers elected
in October 1957 by the Teamsters convention had
been delayed pending the outcome of a suit in a
Federal district court by 13 rank-and-file team­
sters who challenged the election on the ground
that the convention was rigged. In January, the
court issued a consent decree allowing Hoffa and
the others to take office but putting the union
under the supervision of three court-appointed
monitors. The monitor board was to function
for 1 year and thereafter until a new convention
elected new officers.
A conflict between the union and its courtappointed moitors flared up in September, when
2 of the 3 monitors censured the Teamsters for

16
noncompliance with their reform recommenda­
tions and particularly criticized the union’s
recordkeeping system. Hoffa in turn created
his own “antiracketeering committee,” set up a
special panel to look into the Senate committee’s
charges of union fund and other abuses in Phila­
delphia Teamster Local 107, and later announced
a convention of the international for March 1959.
Two monitors, over the objection of the union
member of the board, petitioned the court for
clearly defined authority to enforce their recom­
mendations, determine the date of the convention,
and pass on the delegates’ credentials. The
Teamsters, in turn, asked the court to deny the
board such powers and to remove its member
representing the rank-and-filers, on the ground
of conflict of interests.
In a memorandum decision of December 11,
the court upheld the monitors as officers of the
court with “all powers reasonably necessary to
effect the basic purposes of the [original consent]
order” and branded the Teamsters’ conduct as a
“disregard of their obligations to afford good
faith compliance.” The court ordered the union
to rescind its convention call, warned Hoffa and
his co-officials that their tenure of office was
“temporary only and subject to revocation,”
and directed the international to obey 11 specific
recommendations by the monitors. The court
refused to remove the rank-and-file monitor repre­
sentative, saying that his services to employers
entailed no conflict of interests. Hoffa announced
his intention to appeal.
AFL-CIO Actions. The Teamsters also promp­
ted action by the AFL-CIO Executive Council.
At the council’s February meeting—2 months
after the federation had expelled the Teamsters—it refused to issue charters to Teamster locals that
might wish to disaffiliate. It also deferred action
on mutual aid pacts between the Teamsters and
AFL-CIO affiliates.
In the summer, however, the Executive Council
had to deal drastically with the latter situation.
The Teamsters had renegotiated agreements or
concluded new ones with a large number of AFLCIO unions during early 1958; by midsummer,
such pacts covered almost two-thirds of the Fed­
eration’s total membership. The situation was
aggravated by Hoffa’s efforts to create a con­
ference on transport unity, for the stated purpose

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

of promoting mutual interests of all transportation
unions.1 At its August meeting, the council
banned all alliances with the Teamsters and
other unions expelled from the Federation and
ordered such pacts dissolved. The council ex­
cepted informal local arrangements.
In contrast to its position on the Teamster
locals, the Executive Council in February agreed
to charter dissident locals of the expelled Laundry
Workers as a rival organization. The new affiliate
was formally established at a convention on May
12, as the Laundry and Dry Cleaning International
Union.
The Executive Council maintained surveil­
lance throughout the year of two unions, the Dis­
tillery Workers and the United Textile Workers,
which had been placed on probation at the 1957
convention. In the meantime, the Distillery
Workers, in compliance with AFL-CIO directives,
elected a new slate of officers and adopted the Fed­
eration’s ethical practices codes. The Textile
Workers, which had removed a vice president
from office and put him in charge of organizing
in an attempt to comply with the Federation’s
ouster ultimatum, subsequently discharged him
and barred him from holding office in the future.
At its November meeting, the Executive Council
said the two unions were being run in a “com­
pletely satisfactory way” but continued its monitorship.
The council also moved against four other
unions which had come under scrutiny by the
Senate committee during the year. The Operat­
ing Engineers, following an investigation by the
Federation’s Ethical Practices Committee, adopted
the ethical practices codes and held a convention
for the election of new international officers. The
council later ordered specific additional cleanup
measures under penalty of suspension and then
announced, at its November meeting, that the
union had made “considerable progress” in com­
plying with the codes. Similarly, both the Meat
Cutters and the Hotel and Restaurant Employees,
which the council had directed to answer charges
made against them before the Senate committee,
1 On July 2, the formation of a nucleus of such an organization was an­
nounced by Hoffa and the presidents of two other transportation u n io n sWilliam V. Bradley of the International Longshoremen’s Association (Ind.)
and Joseph Curran of the National Maritime Union (AFL-CIO). A
scheduled meeting of a broader conference was not held; some unions, notably
the railroad brotherhoods, refused to participate.

17

1958 REVIEW OF AMERICAN LABOR

were judged by the council to be progressing
toward compliance. The fourth union, the Jewelry
Workers, was undergoing, on order of the council,
a full-fledged investigation by the Ethical Prac­
tices Committee on charges of exploiting Puerto
Rican workers in New York City through the
signing of “sweetheart contracts.”
The council also sought an explanation from
Carpenters President Hutcheson of his refusal to
answer the Senate committee’s questions. Hut­
cheson failed to attend the November council
meeting, as requested, because he was preparing
for the union’s imminent convention, but he sent
pertinent material for the council’s consideration
and the council extended the date for his personal
appearance. Meanwhile, the Carpenters con­
vention gave Hutcheson a vote of confidence and
empowered the union’s executive board to dis­
affiliate from the Federation. Hutcheson said
that the resolution grew out of dissatisfaction
“with the way the AFL-CIO has entered jurisdic­
tional procedures with respect to our craft.” He
added that disaffiliation would be “an absolute
last resort.”
Legislation. The problem of corruption in labor
relations posed the question of remedial legislation.
In a special message to Congress, President Eisen­
hower on January 23 proposed labor legislation to
stop “corruption, racketeering, and abuse of trust
and power in labor-management relations.” The
proposals, which had been outlined by Secretary of
Labor James P. Mitchell in December, called for
detailed public reporting of employee health and
welfare funds and of union finances to a Com­
missioner of Labor Reports, election of union
officials by secret ballot, punishment under Federal
law for embezzlement of union funds, and curbs
on secondary boycotts as well as on certain types
of organizational picketing. The Senate com­
mittee’s first annual report, issued on March 24,
called for legislation to regulate pension and wel­
fare funds and union funds, insure union democ­
racy, control the activities of middlemen in labor
disputes, and give States jurisdiction over disputes
in which the National Labor Relations Hoard
refuses to exercise its jurisdiction.
Although the committee stressed that its report
was not intended to reflect on the “overwhelming
majority of the labor unions . . . of whose in­
tegrity the committee is firmly convinced,” some

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of its proposals were termed “discriminatory” by
AFL-CIO President George Meany, who called
the report a “smear” of labor
Mr. Mitchell said that he was “pleased to see
that so far as they go,” the committee’s recom­
mendations generally followed the legislative
proposals made by the President in January. At
subsequent hearings before a subcommittee of the
House Committee on Education and Labor, the
Secretary advocated adoption of the administra­
tion’s proposals as “designed to raise the general
standard of responsibility and accountability of
unions and employers in labor-management rela­
tions without undesirable direct interference with
union and employer matters.”
The Federation joined the Secretary in sup­
porting theDouglas-Kennedy-Ives bill on employee
welfare and pension plans disclosure. However,
the AFL-CIO later supported, after first opposing,
the more controversial Kennedy-Ives bill to curb
corrupt practices in unions and labor-management
relations. The first, after amendments to the
enforcement provisions, became law (Public Law
85-836, signed August 28)—the only labor-reform
enactment of the 85th Congress in 1958. (See
p. 20 for the major provisions.) The other was
passed by the Senate after amendments were made
to take account of some of Secretary Mitchell’s
criticisms that the bill reported by the Senate
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare had
“imperfections, omissions, or loopholes [which]
weaken the already pitifully ineffective legal pro­
tection presently provided by law to union mem­
bers and the public.” However, it failed in the
House of Representatives.
Jurisdictional Problems
Jurisdictional disputes between certain member
unions of the AFL-CIO, especially between the
craft and industrial unions, continued unabated
throughout the year. In February, the Federa­
tion’s Executive Council brought about agreement
of the Building and Construction Trades De­
partment and the Industrial Union Department
on a formula defining their job jurisdictions:
new construction at industrial plants was assigned
to building trades and plant maintenance work to
the industrial unions. Disputed cases were to be
settled through nonbinding, on-the-site decisions
of special investigating teams on the basis of

18
prevailing practice in the plant, industry, or area,
with provision for appeal to a special AFL-CIO
committee and ultimately to the Executive
Council.
This solution, however, did not prove to be
wholly effective. The Steelworkers, for example,
were unwilling to relinquish construction work on
steel company premises, traditionally done by its
members, and soon withdrew from the February
agreement. Moreover, AFL-CIO efforts at res­
olution proved futile in a prolonged and bitter
fight between the Steelworkers and the Sheet
Metal Workers at the Burt Manufacturing Co.,
a ventilation-equipment producer in Akron, Ohio,
with the Sheet Metal Workers seeking to oust
the Steelworkers as bargaining agent and boy­
cotting the company’s products. (The boycott
was stopped by a court injunction on April 14
and was the subject of an inquiry by the Senate
select committee in November.)
As an aftermath of this dispute, the Industrial
Union Department and the Steelworkers requested
the Executive Council in November to forbid
the Metal Trades Department and its subsidiary
councils to conduct organizing activities within
the jurisdictions of industrial unions. They
argued that the AFL-CIO constitution does not
guarantee premerger jurisdiction to departments,
even though it gives such guarantee to individual
member unions.
Presenting the craft unions’ case before the
Executive Council, President Peter T. Schoemann
of the Plumbers stressed a basic provision of the
AFL-CIO merger agreement that craft and indus­
trial unions are both equal, appropriate, and neces­
sary methods of union organization, adding that
more is at stake than the immediate dispute.
“With each passing day since December 1955,”
he said, “my hopes for a unified labor movement
dwindled, and I am skeptical of the future.”
He demanded that the IUD’s and Steelworkers’
“baseless charges” be “peimanently squelched” ;
otherwise “you will divide and destroy the house
of labor and repudiate unity and set aside the
merger agreement.”
Other jurisdictional fights included that between
the Air Line Pilots and the Flight Engineers over
the question of whether the third man (besides
pilot and copilot) in the cockpit of jet airliners
should be a qualified pilot, as contended by the

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Pilots and recommended by a Presidential fact­
finding board. The dispute was an issue in a
strike by the Engineers at Eastern Airlines,
which offered to pay for pilot training on company
time. The strike was settled by agreement that
the jet crew complement would include an engi­
neer as well as three pilots.
A number of rival unions, on the other hand,
discussed settlement of their jurisdictional feuds.
The presidents of the National Maritime Union
and the Seafarers’ International Union, whose
bitter rivalry has been costly to American shipping
as well as to the unions, had reportedly reached
an understanding which would end their feud.
And the Amalgamated Lithographers, whose
dispute with the Printing Pressmen and other
unions in the printing industry caused the Amal­
gamated to withdraw (in August) from the AFLCIO, negotiated an agreement with the Inter­
national Typographical Union toward the end of
the year to correlate their organizing activities.
Labor in the 1958 Election
Preventing the spread of State right-to-work
legislation was the main target of organized
labor’s political activity in the 1958 elections.
General laws prohibiting compulsory union mem­
bership as a condition of employment were already
in effect in 18 States, and proposals of such laws
were on the ballot in California, Colorado, Idaho,
Kansas, Ohio, and Washington. The right-towork proposals were defeated in all of the six
States except Kansas.2
A few days after the election, the AFL-CIO
Executive Council outlined a 10-point legislative
program for the new Congress. The program
included: Full implementation of the Employ­
ment Act of 1946; adequate Federal aid to educa­
tion; hospital and surgical care for all recipients of
Federal social security benefits and increased
retirement and unemployment benefits for railroad
workers; revision of the Fair Labor Standards Act
by extending it to additional groups of workers
and increasing the minimum wage to $1.25;
higher unemployment compensation benefits; Fed­
eral aid for intensified homebuilding; full equity
* See State Right-to-Work Legislative Action in 1958 (in M onthly Labor
Review, December 1958, pp. 1380-1381).

1958 REVIEW OF AMERICAN LABOR

in the economy for farm families, as well as an
adequate defense program and development of
natural resources. In addition, the council again
reiterated its determination to seek a general
revision of the Taft-Hartley Act, particularly the
elimination of section 14 (b) which permits State
right-to-work laws, and the enactment of anti­
corruption legislation.
Other Union Developments
By the end of the year, mergers of State AFL
and CIO labor federations had been completed in
47 States, including Alaska, and in Puerto Rico,
and merger negotiations were in progress in New
Jersey and Pennsylvania.
A number of rival unions also made unity moves
during the year. The United Wall Paper Workers
joined the Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers,
and mergers were discussed by the Oil, Chemical
and Atomic Workers with the Chemical Workers
Union, the Insurance Agents with the Insurance
Workers, and the Woodworkers with the Pulp,
Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers. The Operating
Engineers suggested amalgamation with the Chem­
ical Workers Union.3 And the expelled Laundry
Workers sought to rejoin the AFL-CIO
through amalgamation with the newly formed
Laundry and Dry Cleaning Union, but was told
by the Federation first to comply with the AFLCIO ethical practices codes.
Some important mergers occurred on the local
level, notably that of the independent Motormen’s
Benevolent Association with Local 100 of the
Transport Workers Union, its long-time rival
among New York City transit workers. The
association became a separate division of the local.
In contrast, there were divisive moves within
certain unions. A splinter group of the American
Federation of Musicians on the West Coast formed
(in March) a rival union, the Musicians Guild of
America, which subsequently displaced the AFM
3 The Operating Engineers has about 35,000 members in the chemical field.
4 The UAW had made concessions to the skilled workers within its ranks,
granting them separate ratification votes on contracts affecting them, among
other things.
ia On December 21, Mr. Rarick was absolved of the charges by the member­
ship of Local 2227, of which he is president. Earlier, two other dissidents
had been exonerated.
«These ships are owned and operated by companies in various countries
but registered in several small countries, notably Liberia and Panama—a
device which the unions claim gives their operators tax and substandard
wage advantages.


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19
as representative of the musicians employed by
the major film producers in Hollywood and was
planning to compete with the AFM in related
fields throughout the country. Early in the year,
dissatisfaction of certain skilled automobile crafts­
men with their bargaining agent, the UAW, over
skill differentials in wages was manifest in craftseverance petitions for single-plant bargaining
units at General Motors filed with the National
Labor Relations Board by several independent
skilled trades associations.4 The Board dismissed
the petitions on the ground that the units sought
were “too narrow in scope . . . for purposes of
collective bargaining.”
Some of the union conventions during the year
were noteworthy for their handling of problems
relating to the conduct of union affairs. The
United Steelworkers convention dealt summarily
with a group of dissident members who had been
protesting against the dues raise approved by the
1956 convention as well as challenging the union’s
leadership on other points. The delegates almost
unanimously upheld the incumbent president,
David J. MacDonald, and adopted a resolution
accusing the dissidents, who were led by Donald
C. Rarick, McDonald’s opponent in the 1957
election of officers, of “dual unionism” and, in
effect, calling for their ouster from the union.4“
The convention of the International Union of
Electrical Workers was particularly concerned
with negotiations at General Electric on employ­
ment security. The union’s General Electric
Conference Board had failed to sanction a strike
when the representatives of several large locals
voted against it. President James B. Carey
criticized the GE locals and called for a constitu­
tional amendment to permit strike approval by a
simple majority instead of a two-thirds plurality.
The convention adopted the desired amendment,
subject to membership ratification.
Early in December, 18 American unions par­
ticipated in a worldwide 4-day boycott called by
the International Transportworkers Federation
against about 1,200 ships flying so-called “flags
of convenience.” 5 The boycott, which was led
in the United States jointly by the presidents of
the rival National Maritime Union and Seafarers’
International Union, was more generally success­
ful in American ports than in the 16 other countries
where it was in effect.

20

Labor Legislation
Federal. Perhaps the most important labor law
passed by the 85th Congress in 1958 was the Wel­
fare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act, previously
mentioned. It requires the administrators of such
plans to make available to participants and bene­
ficiaries descriptions of their plans and annual
reports and to file copies of such documents with
the Secretary of Labor, to be available for public
inspection.
Other acts of significance included those pro­
viding for: Optional Federal loans to States for a
temporary 50-percent extension of unemployment
benefits to jobless workers who have exhausted
their benefits under State and Federal programs;
increases of Federal old-age, survivors, and dis­
ability benefits by about 7 percent; and an un­
employment insurance program for certain veter­
ans of the Armed Forces whose service began on or
after January 31, 1955, to be financed entirely
by the Federal Government within the social
security system.
In addition: Federal employees covered by the
Classification Act and postal workers, as well as
most members of the Armed Forces, were given
wage and salary increases; the Secretary of Labor
was authorized to establish and enforce safety
standards for longshore employment; the Mexican
migratory labor program was extended for 2
years; and war-risk compensation for Government
contractors’ employees doing work outside the
United States and benefits for Federal workers
abroad who incur injury during detention by an
enemy country were made permanent.
State. Few significant changes were made in
State labor laws during 1958, when regular ses­
sions of the legislature were held in only 17 States
and Puerto Rico. Concern over unemployment
caused 14 States to temporarily extend unemploy­
ment insurance benefits for workers who have
exhausted their regular benefits, either under their
own laws or under the Federal Temporary Un­
employment Compensation Act. Eight others
have interpreted existing unemployment insur­
ance laws to permit participation in the Federal
program.6 Permanent increases in maximum
8 In addition, 11 other States agreed to participate in the Federal program
as it applied to Federal employees and veterans.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

weekly benefits were made in Arizona, Delaware,
Kentucky, Louisiana, and New York.
Major improvements in workmen’s compensa­
tion were made in three States. Mississippi, New
York, and Virginia each raised maximum weekly
benefits granted in the case of death and all types
of disability. The maximum total amount pay­
able was also raised in Mississippi and Virginia.
Older workers were given considerable atten­
tion by the legislatures of several States. New
York amended its fair employment practices act
to prohibit discrimination on account of age, as
well as on account of race, creed, color, or national
origin. Michigan, Maryland, and New Jersey
provided for studies concerning employment of
older workers.
Maryland and Rhode Island joined the growing
number of States which have made provision for
committees to study problems of migrant farm
workers and promote improved working and living
conditions for such workers. The New York laws
for the protection of migrant workers were
strengthened in several respects. One new pro­
vision requires farm labor contractors and crew
leaders to keep certain payroll records and to give
each worker with his pay a written statement
showing wages, hours, and withholdings.
Labor and the Law
In two cases which could have far-reaching
effects on union strength, the U. S. Supreme Court
ruled that the Taft-Hartley Act does not deprive
State courts of power to award actual and puni­
tive damages to workers for loss of employment
caused by a union even where the workers could
have recovered lost wages from the union in a
back-pay award under an NLRB proceeding
(.International Association oj Machinists and Truax
v. Gonzales, and International Union, United Auto­
mobile Workers and Volk v. Russell, May 26).
In a third important ruling, the Court held
that a “hot cargo” clause of a collective bargain­
ing contract is not in itself illegal, but the em­
ployer’s voluntary consent is essential for it to
be invoked {Local 1976, United Brotherhood of
Carpenters v. NLRB, and two companion cases,
June 16).
In another case, the High Court ruled uncon­
stitutional a city ordinance which prohibited
solicitation of members for a dues-collecting

21

1958 REVIEW OF AMERICAN LABOR

organization without a license which was issuable
by city officials at their discretion (Staub v. City
oj Baxley, January 13).
Among other significant rulings of the Supreme
Court were the two following: (1) The NLRB
cannot direct an employer to withhold recognition
of a union which refuses to comply with the act’s
filing requirements because to do so would amount
to disestablishing completely the noncomplying
union (NLRB v. District 50, United Mine Workers,
February 3); and (2) it is an unfair labor practice
for an employer to insist, as a condition precedent
to signing a collective bargaining contract, that
there be a clause calling for a secret prestrike vote
of all workers in the bargaining unit on the em­
ployer’s last offer and that the contract recognition
clause exclude as a party to the contract the inter­
national union which had been certified as the
bargaining agent (NLRB v. Wooster Division oj
Borg-Warner Corp., May 5).
An important development in labor-law admin­
istration was the NLRB’s revision of its jurisdic­
tional standards. By lowering (effective October
2, 1958) the dollar value of interstate business
qualifying an establishment for Board services,
the Board, in effect, reduced the gap between its

jurisdiction and that of States in various indus­
tries, particularly newspapers, public utilities,
and trade.
Important among the Board’s decisions during
the year was a series of rulings, issued in September
and October, which revised its doctrines on when
a collective bargaining contract constitutes a bar
to representation election (.Keystone Coat, Apron &
Towel Supply Co., September 17, and five other
subsequent decisions in September and October).
Among the cases were rulings that a contract will
not bar an election if it contains a union security
clause which “on its face” does not meet the
Taft-Hartley A.ct’s requirements, if it has been
in effect for 2 years or longer, if there is a schism
within the union, or if the contracting union is not
in compliance with the Taft-Hartley Act’s filing
requirements.
In February, the NLRB General Counsel
ordered construction employers and building
trades unions to discontinue illegal, but widely
prevalent, closed-shop hiring arrangements by
June 1 (later extended to September 1) or face
prosecution. The Board later established rules
for legal operation of union hiring halls (.Mountain
Pacific, March 27).

In the year 1900, less than a million of our 29 million gainfully occupied
population were unionized, with more than half of these in the American
Federation of Labor. Union membership was confined to a comparatively
small segment of the labor force. In practically no large-scale, mass-produc­
tion manufacturing industry did unionism have even a foothold. By 1950,
we find that about 15 million workers, nearly a quarter of the total gainfully
employed population of the country, are members of unions. Practically
every large manufacturing industry is either completely unionized or largely
so. Unions have entered the fields of office work, of retail trade, and other
segments of the industrial process, where a few decades ago their existence
was almost inconceivable. The union has served its members in two important
ways: first, in collective bargaining with employers over the wages, hours,
and other terms of the wage contract; and second, in protecting the rights
of the worker on the job through the prosecution of grievances and the assur­
ance of fair treatment in all circumstances.
— Ewan Clague, The American Worker and American Industry (in Monthly Labor
Review, July 1950, p. 11).


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Summaries of Studies and Reports

Current and Prospective
Labor Force Problems*
F o r s o m e t i m e , it has been clear that the American
economy is on the upgrade from the bottom of the
1957-58 recession. All the indicators—gross na­
tional product, factory production, personal in­
come, hours of work, manufacturers’ orders, con­
struction, etc.—have gone up markedly from the
low of late spring of 1958.
New construction alone will provide a sub­
stantial upward thrust to the 1959 economy.
Dollar volume will probably rise about $3K
billion. For the first time since 1956, private con­
struction will rise, chiefly because of a large in­
crease in expenditures for private housing. Well
over half the advance in public works will be
financed by the Federal Government, as programs
initiated as antirecession measures last year
gather momentum in 1959.
However, there is still a considerable volume
of unemployment, despite marked improvement
in the situation in the latter part of 1958. More
than 4 million workers were unemployed in
December 1958, %million more than a year earlier
and almost 1% million more than 2 years ago.
Unfortunately, about one-third of the unem­
ployed have been out of work 4 months or more,
and many of these have long since used up their
unemployment insurance benefits.
The recession hit mainly at hard-goods manu­
facturing industries. Despite some rehiring in
the fall of 1958, 1 out of 13 workers from these in­
dustries was still jobless in November, accounting
for almost 20 percent of all the unemployed.
Unemployment was especially high among auto­
mobile workers, many of whom had been out of
work for long periods of time. The occupations
which still have the greatest proportions of un­
employed are, as might be expected, the semi­
skilled factory operatives and unskilled laborers.
22


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Older workers, generally because of high seniority
ratings, fared relatively well during the down­
turn, but experience during the recovery periods
in 1950 and 1955 suggests that those who lost
their jobs can expect some difficulty in getting
rehired. Negro workers were hit hard by the
recession, because many of them work in the in­
dustries and occupations which were most severely
affected. According to the Bureau of the Census,
when the economy was at the bottom of the reces­
sion in the spring of 1958, 1 out of every 7 non­
white workers was out of a job, and there were
still 1 out of 10 unemployed in November 1958.
Economic Portents
Given this situation of a recession recently be­
hind us and pockets of unemployment still re­
maining, what are the economic portents?
First, the “big crash/’ which many people have
been expecting since the end of World War II,
had not made its appearance by late 1958. Af ter
the Civil War, there was a period of 8 years before
the collapse of 1873, a collapse which ushered in
about 6 years of the deepest depression the United
States had endured up to that time. Eleven years
elapsed from the end of World War I in 1918 to
the crash of 1929. More than 13 years have
passed since the close of World War II. So when
the business downturn in 1957 began, it seemed
possible that it was about time for the great post­
war depression. In fact, some economists pro­
claimed it, but it did not occur. However, we
shall have to be ready to guard against the possi­
bility that a small recession at some future time
might generate a real depression.
Second, it has again been demonstrated that
the short-cycle recession is a part of our economic
pattern. After World War 1, downturns of a
substantial character occurred in 1921, 1924, and
•This article was adapted from two speeches delivered in November 1958
by Ewan Clague, Commissioner of Labor Statistics. Available data for
December 1958 were used to bring the analyses up to date.

23

CURRENT LABOR FORCE PROBLEMS

1927, prior to the big depression beginning in 1929.
After World War II, downturns took place be­
ginning in 1949, 1953, and 1957. Typically, then,
we can expect a period of business revival and
prosperity, and then another downturn. This
sequence is not inevitable, but history would indi­
cate a relatively mild inventory recession every 3
or 4 years. During such recessions no extensive
downward spiral or deep depression develops; how­
ever, to those workers who are unemployed or on
short worktime, it will of course not appear mild.
Third, it is apparent that, so far as the business
cycle is concerned, some preventive measures have
been developed in the past several decades. One
of almost transcendent importance is bank deposit
insurance. In the depths of the depression in the
1930’s, banks failed throughout the country by
the thousands, causing a destruction of pur­
chasing power which aggravated the downward
spiral of business. At the present time, the Na­
tion has very few bank failures, and when one does
occur, depositors are paid off without great delay,
thus enabling them to continue their business ven­
tures or family expenditures. There has been no
hoarding of currency during the recent recession.
One could argue with conviction that the depths
of the depression in 1932-33 were reached solely
because the banking system failed.
Another preventive is the Employment Act of
1946. Neither of these measures means that we
have yet discovered how to prevent business fluc­
tuations or any foolproof method of insuring con­
tinuous full employment. There is not even a
set definition of full employment. Even in the
most prosperous times some frictional unemploy­
ment—largely reflecting voluntary job changes,
entries into and exits from the labor force, and
the ordinary geographic mobility of workers—
necessarily exists; and it may be accompanied by
serious labor shortages in many lines.
However, the Federal Government has been
charged with responsibility for doing whatever it
can to counteract business downturns and to main­
tain maximum stability of the economy and max­
imum economic growth. Without doubt, the Em­
ployment Act, along with the administrative ma­
chinery built around it, has been partly responsible
for the general high level prosperity enjoyed since
the end of World War II.


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Offsetting Measures to Recessions
Attention should be called to the measures which
have brought about a cushioning of business down­
turns. When the Social Security Act was adopted
in the middle 1930’s, it was assumed that its
unemployment insurance provisions would help
check a business downturn by providing purchas­
ing power to the unemployed. This was thought
to have some countercyclical effect, since the
unemployment payments would be large at the
bottom of the recession, when unemployment is
high, and would decline as business improved
and workers got jobs. To some extent, the same
countercyclical action can result from the old-age
and survivors’ insurance benefit payments. When
times are good, older people can find work, and
they frequently return to the labor market while
their pension payments are suspended. When
tunes are bad, retirements pick up and the benefit
outlays are increased. In addition, the general
welfare expenditures of State and local govern­
ments have somewhat the same countercyclical
effect. The hope that these measures would
operate to smooth out the business cycle has in
fact been partly realized.
An example of this effect can be found in the
1957-58 slump. Labor income, which represents
the total payments of all kinds to wage and salary
earning persons declined by a total of $9 billion
from the late summer of 1957 to the spring of 1958.
During that same period, transfer payments in­
creased by about $4 billion and, in the next few
months, gained another billion dollars. Transfer
payments are the unemployment insurance, oldage and survivors’ insurance, private pensions,
and other types of payments to persons not work­
ing. These payments have had their own direct
effect in sustaining the purchasing power of the
unemployed and the partially employed. As is
evident from the figures, about one-half the total
decline in labor income for the economy as a whole
was offset by a rise in transfer payments, practically
all of which are spent on consumption items.
In an indirect way, the value of social security
measures may be even greater. In the first place,
they reassure those who are still employed, thereby
enabling them to continue their level of ex­
penditure. There is little evidence that employed

24

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

consumers seriously cut back on their consumption
plans during the recent business decline. This
does not mean that they failed to economize in
their purchases—for example, in the purchase of
new automobiles. But it does mean that they
did not begin any hoarding of purchasing power
or any cutback in their basic consumption wants.
An excellent example of this phase of the
subject is shown by the behavior of consumers in
the purchase of houses. Homebuilding had de­
clined in the peak of prosperity in 1956 and early
1957, largely because of a shortage of consumer
credit for home purchase but partly because of
high interest rates. The shrinkage in home buying
continued in the early months of the recession
until, in February 1958, homebuilding reached the
lowest level in over 10 years—an annual rate
of a little more than 900,000 units a year, including
units for rent. With the onset of the recession,
interest rates fell and legislative and administrative
actions were taken by the Government to facilitate
the purchase of homes, particularly by veterans.
The effect of these measures produced one of the
sharpest upturns in the history of homebuilding.
In October 1958, the annual rate had passed 1}{
million units, and housing starts were the highest
ever recorded for that month.
The maintenance of consumption also consti­
tuted an assurance to businessmen that inventories
would eventually be worked off. The business­
man, while cutting down on his plant and equip­
ment expenditures, did not have to look forward
to a period in which these should be suspended
entirely. All during 1958, businessmen proceeded
with new plants and new equipment designed for
the longer future.
Money in the hands of consumers in 1959 will
be augmented by wage increases. About 2.9
million workers covered under major collective
bargaining agreements are scheduled to receive
deferred wage increases in 1959.1 As in the past
few years, these increases are concentrated in
the metalworking and transportation industries
(typically 6 to 8 cents an hour) and in construction
(usually 10 or 15 cents an hour).

In the Short Bun. Previous experience shows that
at the conclusion of a business downturn, pro­
duction usually picks up faster than employmen
because (a) economies in production introduced
during a recession eliminate some of the labor
force previously required, (b) maintenance and
repair expenditures are often postponed, and (c)
some of the closed, often the least efficient, plants
are slow to resume operations and, alas, some
never do. So reemployment lagged during the
business revival of 1958, and will continue to lag
in 1959 until the expansion in production reduces
unemployment to minimum levels.
Thus, in 1959, the volume of production will
have to pick up sufficiently to provide for three
kinds of employment. First, the amount of labor
displaced by economies in production and by other
short-cut methods which take the form of increased
productivity. An allowance of a 3-percent in­
crease in productivity for the economy as a whole
would save about 2 million jobs—that is, at the
same volume of production. Second, absorption
of the existing unemployed. To reach the low
levels of unemployment in 1957 would require
the absorption of about
million unemployed.
Third, the increase in the labor force which now
amounts to 750,000 workers a year. Adding all
these together, it is apparent that a restoration
to the levels of production in the summer of 1957
would leave us almost 4 million jobs short of
reasonably minimal unemployment—about 3 mil­
lion unemployed, which compares favorably with
the levels of 1955, 1956, and prerecession 1957.
Of course, this does not mean that this volume
of unemployment will continue. Production wdll
not stop at previous levels, but will move to new
high ground. On this type of crude estimate, a
rise of about $35 to $40 billion in gross national
product will be needed to pick up 4 million jobs
and bring us back to the full employment enjoyed
in early 1957. Gross national product would
have to rise to about $475 billion, assuming no
increase in prices.

i
See Deferred Increases and Escalator Clauses (in M onthly Labor Review,
December 1958, pp. 1362-1365).

In the Long Run. However, our relief at feeling
that our recent misfortune is about over should


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Labor Force Problems

25

CURRENT LABOR FORCE PROBLEMS

not blind us to the existence of long-run problems*
which we had before and which will be with usj
again. While our social security measures have
been effective, they have not done the whole job
they were designed to do. The number of persons
with long spells of joblessness rose rapidly after
the first of 1958. By August 1958, about 1
million workers had been out of work for 6 months
or longer. Such long-time unemployment causes
workers to exhaust their benefit rights under the
State unemployment insurance systems.
Under the Temporary Unemployment Compen­
sation Act, approved in the early summer of 1958,
new programs were set up in about three-fourths
of the States to extend the duration of benefit
payments. By the end of November, slightly
more than 1.3 million jobless persons had received
a total of $342,414,716 under the temporary pro­
grams and over 540,000 of the unemployed had
exhausted their extended benefits. This program
is scheduled to end on March 31, 1959.
What then are among the most pressing prob­
lems which must be met in the future in terms of
the labor force? The first and most obvious of
these is the forthcoming flood of youth. Begin­
ning in the 1960’s, the number of young people in
the labor force will vastly increase—a rise of
about 600,000 per year in workers under the age
of 25. These are the wartime babies coming to
maturity. They have been a problem to our
educational system during the 1950’s, and will
continue to be a problem for higher education in
the 1960’s. In addition, they will certainly create

problems of training, occupational choice, and
national manpower policies. They offer a re­
source which can be useful in meeting the man­
power needs of an expanding economy, but they
also constitute a labor force which must be fitted
as effectively as possible into our productive
system.
At the other extreme is the continued growth in
the number of aged. Between 1960 and 1965,
there will be an annual increase on the average of
about one-half million workers beyond the age
of 45 and a small increase in the numbers of
those between the ages of 25 and 45—the workers
in the prime of life and experience.
If a rapidly expanding economy is to be main­
tained, there is no reason why l}{ million additional
workers cannot be absorbed every year, including
the difficult fact that over half of these will be
the very young and nearly half of them rather
old. The normal gains of productivity, say 3
percent per year, will require the finding of a total
of about 7 to 8 million new jobs in a 5-year period.
That number plus the growth in the labor force
of 6}i million makes a total of about 14 million who
will become available for employment in the 5-year
period 1960-65.
On one side, a larger labor force presents prob­
lems of industrial management and labor utiliza­
tion. On the other side, these labor resources
provide the opportunity for a hundred-billiondollar increase in the Nation’s annual product,
with a corresponding rise in the well-being of the
American people.

The manpower problem arises from demographic changes and technological
changes, each presenting new variables in the period lying immediately
ahead. It is not simply a matter of total supply and demand, but a situation
requiring continual analysis and adjustment in many phases of American life,
a new thoroughness in the search for human talent, a new synchronization of
talents and needs and opportunities, and a new assessment of the problems
and possibilities in American life. American educators and institutions are
under obligation to be involved not only in that assessment but in shaping
the developments that lie ahead.
—America’s Manpower Problem. (In Manpower and Education, National Educa­
tion Association of the United States and the American Association of School
Administrators, Washington, p. 25.)


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

26

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Paid Holidays in
Major Contracts, 1958
o l i d a y p r o v i s i o n s in major contracts have been
extended and liberalized significantly since 1950.
Nine out of 10 major agreements in effect in 1958
provided for paid holidays, as against about 3 out
of 4 in 1950. In 1958, the principal industries in
which most workers under major agreements did
not receive paid holidays were coal mining and
construction. Although there has been little
change in the prevalence of paid holiday provisions
since 1952-53, the number of paid holidays has in­
creased significantly. (See chart 1.) Formal half­
day holidays have also become more common.
Rates of pay for work on paid holidays have been
increased in many agreements.
The study from which this article was drawn 1
was based on an analysis of 1,736 collective bar­
gaining agreements,2 each covering 1,000 or more

H

T able

1.

workers, or virtually all such agreements in the
United States, exclusive of railroads and airlines.3
The 7.8 million workers covered represented about
half of all the workers estimated to be under agree­
ments in the United States, exclusive of railroad
and airline agreements. Of these, 5 million work­
ers, covered by 1,122 agreements, were in manu1Paid Holiday Provisions in Major‘Union Contracts, 1958, BLS Bull. 1248.
The bulletin also presents data on service and work requirements for holiday
pay eligibility, holidays falling on Saturday and unscheduled workdays, and
unpaid holidays. For data on holiday provisions in union agreements in
effect in 1950 and 1952-53, see Holiday Provisions in Union Agreements, 1950
(in Monthly Labor Review, January 1951, pp. 24-27) and Holiday Provisions
in Union Agreements in 1952-53 (in Monthly Labor Review, February 1954,
pp. 128-133).
2All but 71 of the 1,736 agreements were in effect during 1958. (These
agreements expired late in 1957, and subsequent agreements were not available
at the time of the study.) Approximately 50 percent of the agreements were
scheduled to expire in 1958. Termination in 1959 was stipulated in about 35
percent. Of the remaining 209 long-term agreements, 12 did not list a specific
termination date.
For an analysis of the characteristics of the agreements studied, see Charac­
teristics of Major Union Contracts (in Monthly Labor Review, July 1956,
pp. 805-811.
3Agreements for the airline and railroad industries are not collected by
the Bureau and, therefore, are not included in this study.

Paid holiday provisions in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958
Number of agreements studied

Industry classification
Agreements
All industries_________ ____________ _____________

Workers
(thousands)

Number with paid holiday
provisions 1
Agreements

Workers
(thousands)

Number without paid holiday
provisions 2
Agreements

Workers
(thousands)

1,736

7, 753.0

1,561

6, 820.7

175

932.3

1,122

4. 916. 9

1,115

4, 903. 7

7

13.2

10
109
12
45
47
14
17
55
36
58
24
25
22
34
123
64
143
106
144
23
11

24.0
363.9
33.2
116.7
473.7
39.2
29.0
124.9
71.7
112.7
70.7
131.9
76.9
92.1
723.1
175.6
402.9
461.0
1,314.3
55.4
24.5

10
107
12
44
47
13
17
55
36
58
24
25
22
34
123
64
143
104
143
23
11

?A 0
3 5 7 !9
33 2
115.6
473. 7
38.2
29 0
124 9
71.7
112 7
70 7
131 9
76 9
92 1
723 1
175. 6
402.9

2

60

1,313.3
55. 4
24.5

_______

614

2,836.1

446

1.917.0

168

919.1

Mining, crude petroleum and natural-gas production____
Transportation 3___ ____ ___
_________ ____
Communications___________ _ _ ____
___ _
Utilities: Electric and gas.. . ____ _ __ _______ ____
Wholesale trade_______________ _ ____ ____
Retail trade_____________________________
Hotels and restaurants____ . . . ____
___
Services____
_ _ . _________ _ ___ ..
. .
Construction. _________
___________ ___
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing_____
_____

16
109
75
81
14
85
29
54
148
3

261.1
553.6
591.7
204.7
28.2
219.2
146.0
181. 0
645.5
5.2

13
99
75
80
13
82
19
46
18
1

29.8
525.3
591 7

3
10

231 3
23 3

1
1
3
10
8
130
2

44
15
5* 8
41 2
13 7
589 0

Manufacturing________________ ___________ „
Ordnance and accessories__ _______ _________ ___
Food and kindred products_____ _____________
Tobacco m an u factu res..___ __________ ____
Textile-mill products____________ . . . ____ _____
Apparel and other finished textile products __________
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)________
Furniture and fixtures____________ _____________
Paper and allied p ro d u cts_____________________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries ______ ___
Chemicals and allied products____
_ ____ ___
Products of petroleum and coal____ _____ ______ _
Rubber products___ ______ . . . _ ___ _ _ ___
Leather and leather products _________ _ ___ _____
Stone, clay, and glass products....... . _ ___ ______
Primary metal industries_________ _____ ___. . . .
Fabricated metal products________ ______ . . .
Machinery (except electrical)_____________
___
Electrical machinery___ _ .. ___ ___ ______
Transportation equipment. _ . . . _ ________ _ _ . . .
Instruments and related products.. ___________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries__ ___________
Nonmanufacturing_________________

»Includes 153 agreements, covering 615,250 workers, providing for both
paid and unpaid holidays.
2 Includes 159 agreements, covering 887,650 workers, which provided for
unpaid holidays only, and 16 agreements, covering 44,600 workers, which
contained no holiday provisions.


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4 5 7 .0

2 0 0 .3

26.7
213. 4
104.8
167.3
56.6
1.2

1

12

1

10

2
1

40
10

4 .0

3 Excludes railroad and airline industries
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals,

27

PAID HOLIDAYS IN MAJOR CONTRACTS
2 .
Number of paid holidays in major collective
bargaining agreements, by groups of industries, 1958

T able

All industries
Number of days

Nonmanu­
facturing

Work­
Work­
Work­
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­
sands)
sands)
sands)

All agreements with paid
holiday provisions.-. . _ 1, 561
Less than 6 full days____
6 full days______________
6 full days plus 1 half day .
6 full days plus 2 half days.
7 full days_____
...
7 full days plus 1 half day__
7 full days plus 2 hah days.
8 full days______________
8 full days plus 1 half d ay ..
8 full days plus 2 half days.
8 full days plus 4 half days.
9 full days_________ ____
9 full days plus 1 half day. _
9 full days plus 2 half days.
10 full days_____________
10 full days plus 1 half day.
10 full days plus 2 half days.
11 full d a y s...
_________
11 full days plus 1 half day.
12 full days_____________
14 full days____ ________
Other 1________________

Manufac­
turing

6 , 820.7

1,115 4, 903. 7

446

76 263. 0
314 1,308. 3
24 221.4
121
993.8
570 2,405. 5
13
36.2
21
72.2
256 893.6
4
17.3
8
11.7
1
1.4
57
209.3
2
2.5
4
14.7
29
59.8
1
3.0
1
2.7
35
160.8
1
2.5
2
6.7

51
152.9
196 736.5
23 218.9
116 987.2
455 1,958. 5
9
29.6
20
69.2
166 544.3
3
16.1
8
11.7

25
118

1
20

21

52.3
2.5
14.7
46.6

1
8

2.7
13.7

21
2

4

5
115
4
1

90

11

46.6

1 1 0 .1

571.8
2.5
6 .6

447.0
6 .6

3.0
349.3

1

1 .2

1

36

1.4
157.0

8
1

13.2
3.0

27

147.1
2.5
6.7

1
2
1

2 .0

132.8

1

1, 917. 0

9

2 .0
8 6 .2

Includes 6 agreements in the food processing industry in which unworked
holidays are paid for only when they occur during the intercampaign or non­
processing season; 7 communications contracts which specify a definite
number of paid holidays for all or the majority of locations, plus additional
holidays for designated areas, and 1 apparel agreement which provides for a
minimum of 4 and a maximum of 6 holidays, based on date of employee’s
entrance on duty. Also included are 2 agreements with paid holiday pro­
visions which make no reference to the number to be granted. Other pro­
visions were found in 4 agreements.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
1

Workers covered by slightly more than 30 per­
cent of the agreements providing paid holidays
received less than 7 full days (table 2). Seven
full-day holidays, the most common overall pro­
vision, were provided by about 40 percent of the
manufacturing and about 25 percent of the non­
manufacturing agreements. However, as the
number of holidays increased, the more liberal
practices were found among nonmanufacturing
industries. Thus, slightly more than 20 percent
of the nonmanufacturing contracts provided for
8 days, as against about 15 percent in manufac­
turing, and nonmanufacturing agreements ac­
counted for more than half of those granting 9 days
or more.
The more liberal benefits in nonmanufacturing
were accounted for by such industries as utilities,
transportation, and communications, where 57
Chart 1. Total Paid Holidays in Major Collec­
tive Bargaining Agreements, 1950, 1952-53, and
1958 1

facturing, and 614 agreements applied to 3 million
workers in nonmanufacturing establishments
(table 1).
Prevalence of Paid Holidays
Workers covered by 9 out of 10 major collective
bargaining agreements were allowed time off with­
out loss of pay to observe national and religious
holidays, holidays traditionally observed in some
States or areas, and other days declared holidays by
employers. The 1,561 contracts included 153
which also recognized certain unpaid holidays.
Paid holiday provisions were more prevalent in
manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing agree­
ments. Virtually all of the agreements in the
manufacturing industries contained such pi ovi­
sions, as against approximately three-fourths of
the major nonmanufacturing agreements. The
absence of paid holiday provisions in many con­
struction industry contracts largely accounted for
this difference. All agreements in 16 manufactur­
ing industries and 1 nonmanufacturing industry
provided for paid holidays.


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1 For the year 1958, 2 half days were taken as the equivalent of 1 full day;
thus, for example, 6 full days and 2 half days were counted, for this purpose,
as 7 days.
2 In addition to the 20 agreements designated as “ Other” in table 2, this
chart includes under this category agreements (also shown in table 2 ) provid­
ing for only 1 half day in addition to full-day holidays; e. g., 6 full days plus
1 half day.

28

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959
Number of paid holidays in major

T able 3.

Number of agreements and workers receiving—

Industry classification

Less than
days

Agree­
ments

6
6

full days

6 full days
plus 1 half
day

6 full days
plus 2 half
days

7 full days
plus 1 or more
half days

7 full days

Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
ers
Agree­
ers
Agree­
ers
Agree­
ers
Agree­
ers
Agree­
ers
(thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)

All industries____ _____ ___________________ ____

76

263.0

314 1,308.3

24

221.4

121

993.8

570 2,405. 5

34

108.4

Manufacturing..............__....................................

51

152.9

196

736.5

23

218.9

116

987.2

455 1,958. 5

29

98.8

1

2 .1
28 8

2

3.1

19 5
4.5

2

15. 5

2 .6
8 1
31 8

1

15 7
47 5

1.5

4

6.3

1

30.0

Ordnance and accessories...................... ........... ........... .
Food and kindred products___ ____ ___________ . . .
Tobacco manufactures.................... ............. ................ .
Textile-mill products___ __________ . . . _________
Apparel and other finished textile products.......... ......
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)______
Furniture and fixtures______________________ ____
Paper and allied products_________ ____ _________
Printing, publishing and allied industries__________
Chemicals and allied products......................................
Products of petroleum and coal___________________
Rubber products___________ _____ ___________
Leather and leather products__ ____ ____ _________
Stone, clay, and glass products........................... ...........
Primary metal industries____ ___________ ______
Fabricated metal products_______ _________ _____
Machinery (except electrical)____________________
Electrical machinery____________ . ________ ____
Transportation equipm ent.. _______ __________
Instrum ents and related products. . ______________
Miscellaneous manufacturing in d u stries___ ______
N onmanufacturing________________________
Mining, crude petroleum and natural-gas production.
Transportation 2____ _______________ _________
Communications. _____________________________
Utilities: Electric and gas_______ ________________
Wholesale trade______________________ _______ _
Retail trade _________ _____________________
Hotels and restaurants_______________________ . .
Services______________________________________
Construction__________________ _______ ____ .
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing_______________ _

3

7.5

2

6 .2

15

42.2
70.8

20
1
1

1 .0

8
11

1.5

4
32
12

7
3
1
5
25
11

1 0 .0

1 .8

1
2
10

14
13
7

8

1

5
1

of the 133 agreements providing 9 or more holidays
were found (table 3). Transportation, however,
was also one of the few industries in which fewer
than 6 paid holidays were specified in a significant
number of agreements, the other industries being
hotels and restaurants, textile-mill products, and
apparel. Provisions for 7 full days were found in
about half or more of the agreements providing
paid holidays in rubber, stone and glass, primary
metals, fabricated metal products, machinery
(except electrical), and electrical machinery in­
dustries.
Paid half holidays were most prevalent in ap­
parel, transportation equipment, and machinery
(except electrical)—1 or more paid half holidays
were specified in about a third or more of the
agreements for these 3 industries. Other indus­
tries in which half holidays were frequent were
electrical machinery and fabricated-metal prod­
ucts.

i
i
5
18
10
21
6

2

33

43.6

5

3.8

4.5

5.7
299.9
31. 2
10.3
2.3
89 8
45.0
67.0
20. 7

18
4

2.7

2

2

571.8

38

1

3.0

1 0 .1
21. 6

4
40

4.0
46.3
15.0
1.3

187.2

1

1
0

118

2

13

2.0

1 1 0 .1

2

2
11

1
1

3.0

3.3

1 1 .0

1 .2
2 0

2

1 2 .1

1

4

38.5
33.4
20 9
18.1
176.8

5

7

7.1
35.9
181.6
34.6
7.2
83.6
15.4
15.1

9
23

1See footnote 1, table 2.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

14
4
14

5
29

2.3

i

9.0
2.5

1 8
18 8

Q3 6

6
10

22 6
£2 2

673 2
70 3
911 5
315 2

1 2

2

3.0

2

5.3

5

6 .6

115

447.0

41
1

5
2.5

10 8

19

29
m
36
771

5
n
1
1

8

1

122 6
8 Q

98
30
70
51
47
7

14
12

1

5.2

14 0

6 6

23
23
17
5
18
6
10

5

211 0
12 1

1

0
4
4

3

4.0

5

9.6

2

4.1

3

5.5

21. 2

60
203
39
12

4
4
2
4

59 6

12 0
19 9
19 ! 0

2 Excludes railroad and airline industries.

Twenty agreements included in this study con­
tained holiday provisions which conformed to no
specific pattern. Some contracts negotiated in
seasonal industries allowed paid holidays only if
they occurred outside the period of most heavily
concentrated work. Representative of this type
of provision were six food processing agreements
which expressed this limitation generally as
follows :
The following are declared [paid] holidays if they occur
during the intercampaign season: New Year’s Day, Good
Friday, Decoration Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day . . . There
shall be no holidays during the campaign season . . . The
company agrees to pay employees covered by this agree­
ment during campaign at 1*4 times the regular scheduled
straight-time rates . . . for the time worked on the
following holidays: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day,
and New Year’s D ay . . . .

Holiday allowances which varied by location were
specified in 7 communications agreements, all

29

PAID HOLIDAYS IN MAJOR CONTRACTS
collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958
Number of agreements and workers receiving—

8

full days

8 full days
plus 1 or more
half days

9 full days

9 full days
plus 1 or more
half days

10

full days

More than
10 days

Other

1

Industry classification

Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Work­
Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers Agree­ ers
(thou­
ments
(thou­
(thou­
ments
(thou­
(thou­
ments
(thou­
ments
ments (thou­
ments
ments
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
256

893.6

13

30.3

57

209.3

6

17.2

29

59.8

41

177.7

20

132.8

166

544.3

11

27.8

21

52.3

6

17.2

21

46.6

9

16.4

11

46.6

3
38

6. 6
140.1

4

18.1

2
1

2 .1

1
2

1.4
2.9

1

1

4

17.3

1 .0

1
1

1.4
1 .1

1.4

5

7.3

1

5
17
16

4.0
11 . 2
30.7
48.2

1

1 .2

3

5.9

1

4
9
14

1 .6
6 .8

52. 5
2 2 .6

1
1

1 .2

1.4
17.4

3

4

53.9
131.5
7.6

1

1 .2

90

349.3

2

2 .6

1
6

2.9
17.4
176.4
60.9

22
22

28
26
4
17
1
6
1

1 .2

1

1.4

2 .6

2.9
2.4
4.5

4

3. 5
11.9

36

157.0

1

15
4
1

6 .8

34.6
1. 5
46 3

1
2
2

11
1

3
2

1

1 .0

1
1

2.5
1.5
29.5
4.5

2

2.3

1
2

1.7
11.7

4

5.0

1

1 .0

1
1

1.4
1.3

2

3.7

8

13.2

32

8 .1

4.7

4
9

161.3

3.1

12

16.1
71.7
46.9

1

1 .6

3

15.9

2
2
1

4.4
2.9

1

3

5.3
5.4

1 .2

7

19.7

1

1 0 .0

1

10.5

1

1 .2

1

5.2

____ ___

2

8 8 .0

21.4
30.7
4.2

11.7

1.5

9
3

___

6

9

8 6 .2

7

83.7

1
1

1 .6
1 .0

All industries.
Manufacturing.
Ordnance and accessories.
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures.
Textile-mill products.
Apparel and other finished textile products.
Lumber and wood products (except furniture).
Furniture and fixtures.
Paper and allied products.
Printing, publishing and allied industries.
Chemicals and allied products.
Products of petroleum and coal.
Rubber products.
Leather and leather products.
Stone, clay, and glass products.
Primary metal industries.
Fabricated metal products.
Machinery (except electrical).
Electrical machinery.
Transportation equipment.
Instruments and related products.
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
N onmanufactur ing.
Mining, crude petroleum and natural-gas production.
Transportation . 2
Communications.
Utilities: Electric and gas.
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade.
Hotels and restaurants.
Services.
Construction.
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing.

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

interstate in coverage. In these, a designated
number of holidays were authorized for all loca­
tions, and additional holidays were permitted in
certain areas, based on prevailing local practice.
A list of designated holidays from which an agreed
upon number—minimum of 4 and maximum of 6
depending on length of service—could be selected,
was found in an apparel agreement covering over
10,000 workers.
Specific Holidays Observed
Union contracts typically name the holidays
to be observed. The 6 holidays generally referred
to as “standard”—Christmas Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day, New Year’s Day, Independ­
ence Day, and Memorial Day—were designated
in 98 to 93 percent of the agreements with paid
holidays, in the order given (table 4). The next
most frequently recognized holiday, Washington’s
491308— 59-------3


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Birthday, was listed in almost 30 percent of the
agreements with paid holiday provisions. Good
Friday, added as the seventh holiday in most
agreements negotiated in 1956 by the United
Steelworkers, was mentioned in 22 percent, and
Veterans Day (November 11) in about 18 percent
of the agreements. For this study, Election Day
was not considered as a paid holiday if employees
were allowed annually less than a half day off;
a full day was provided by 8 percent of the con­
tracts, and a half day in 2 percent.
Extending the Christmas holiday by adding
either a full day or a half-day holiday and observ­
ing a half-day holiday on the day preceding New
Year’s Day represent recent innovations in holiday
scheduling. Similarly, the day after Thanks­
giving Day was celebrated as a formal holiday in
a small number of agreements. Holidays observed
in certain areas only, such as Patriot’s Day in
Massachusetts and other parts of New England,

30

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Admission Day in California, San Jacinto Day in
Texas, and those recognized only by a specific
company or industry, were provided in a small
number of major agreements.
A few major agreements designated Easter
Monday, All Saints Day, Yom Kippur, and other
religious days as paid holidays. However, the
practice of granting religious holidays may be
more common than is suggested by the list in
table 4. Some agreements contained a general
statement to the effect that religious holidays
will be awarded; for example—
Employees shall be granted 8 holidays per calendar
year to be selected from the following: New Year’s Day,
Lincoln’s Birthday . . . and religious holidays recognized
by the present practice of [the company].
Hs

Hi

^

H1

*

If an employer should elect for religious reasons to close
his establishment on a working day, which is a religious
holiday . . . regular employees shall receive full pay for
said day at straight time . . .

Under 17 agreements, each worker was entitled
to a paid holiday on his birthday. The advantage
of a birthday holiday is that, unlike general holi­
days, its observance does not result in an inter­
ruption of normal operations.
A few agreements permitted the substitution
of holidays, if employees so desired, or for other
Chart 2. Pay Rates for Work on Paid Holidays,
in Major Collective Bargaining Agreements, 1950,
1952-53, and 1958

T able 4.

Paid holidays specified in 10 or more major
lective bargaining agreements, 1958 1

c o l­

Observed as—

Holiday

Full holiday
Agreements

Half holiday

Workers
(thou­
sands)

Christmas D ay___
Labor D ay______
Thanksgiving Day.
New Year’s D a y Independence Day.

1,527
1,522
1, 508
1,482
1,476

6 , 638. 3

Memorial D ay__________
Washington’s Birthday___
Good Friday........................
Veterans Day..... ........... —
Election D ay...................

1,449
461
338
283
127

6,411.7
1,932.4
1,342.3
1,127. 4
531.1

Day before Christmas........
Columbus D ay_________
Lincoln’s B irth d a y ..........
Day after Thanksgiving__
Easter_________________

118
93
85
54
43

351.3
361.8
362.3
175.8
106.0

Patriots’ Day___________
Employee’s birthday_____
Company or industry days.
Admission Day_________
San Jacinto D ay .................
Day before New Year’s___

21

45.2
28.9
25.3
54.9
24.8

17
13
10
10

Agreements

Workers
(thou­
sands)

6,630. 7
6 , 592.4
6 , 362.4
6,486. 0

32

260.4

181

1,166. 9

151

1,098.0

1 Based on a study of 1,736 agreements, 1,561 of which contained paid
holiday provisions.

specified reasons. Such provisions, when in­
cluded in interstate contracts, allowed local option
in the choice of holidays.
Pioneer Day, July 24, or other locally observed holidays
may be substituted for Washington’s Birthday if a ma­
jority of the force in an exchange or group of exchanges
so desire.
Washington’s Birthday is designated as the holiday in
February except when the observance of Lincoln’s Birth­
day would provide a longer weekend, in which event
Lincoln’s Birthday shall be the observed holiday . . .
These will be considered holidays: . . . By local agree­
ment another day of greater local significance may be
substituted [for Memorial Day]. This substituted holiday
is not subject to change during the life of this agreement.

In some instances, scheduling of a holiday de­
pended upon the day of the week on which it fell.
For instance, in one contract the following possi­
bilities were mentioned:
There shall be an eighth holiday which will be observed
as follows:
I f Christmas Day is on—

i For 1958, this category includes contracts providing a portion of the rate
above double time, but less than double time and one-half.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Sunday__________
Monday_________
Tuesday------------Wednesday______
Thursday________
Friday___________
Saturday________

The eighth holiday will be—

Preceding
Preceding
Preceding
Day after
Following
Preceding
Preceding

Friday
Friday
Monday
Thanksgiving
Friday
Thursday
Friday

31

PAID HOLIDAYS IN MAJOR CONTRACTS

Four agreements designated a list of holidays
from which either the employer or the union
selected a designated number; three of these
agreements were in service industries, and one in
transportation equipment.
The employer shall grant to all employees covered by
this agreement 6 holidays with pay during each employ­
ment year from among the following holidays: New Year’s
Day, Decoration Day, July 4, Columbus Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and Washington’s
Birthday.
T able 5.

Rates of Pay for Work on Paid Holidays
Most union contracts with paid holiday pro­
visions also provide for the payment of premium
rates to employees who may be required to work
on holidays. Among the 1,465 agreements which
specifically provided such premium rates, 38 per­
cent stipulated double time (i. e., holiday pay
plus straight-time pay for hours worked) ; 7
percent, double time and one-fourth; 28 percent,
double time and one-half; and 18 percent, triple

Rates of pay for work on paid holidays in major collective bargaining agreements, 1958

Industry classification

Number with
paid holiday
provisions

No reference
to pay rates
for work on
holiday 1

Pay rate for work on paid holidays (including holiday pay)
Time and one- Double tim e 2
half

Double time
and one-half

Triple time

O ther 3

Work
Work­
Work­
Work
Work­
Work­
Work­
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
Agree­ ers
ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­ ments (thou­
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
All industries_________________________

1,561 6,820.7

96

481.1

54

168.3

652 3, 236. 5

409 1, 214. 5

269 1,401. 2

81

319.3

Manufacturing........... ..........................

1,115 4,903. 7

68

378.4

29

64.9

432

2 , 202 .3

312

915.1

233 1,192.6

41

150.6

1

1 .0

4
34
9
14
5

6 .8

3
36

1 1 .2

5.1
96.5

7

13.9

1

1 .1

Ordnance and accessories . .
Food and kindred products............................
Tobacco manufactures ..
Textile-mill products
Apparel and other finished products
Lumber and wood products (except furniture) ______________________________
Furniture and fixtures .
Paper and allied products__________ _____
Printing, publishing, and allied industries..
Chemicals and allied products____ . . . .
Products of petroleum and coal .
Rubber products___________ _________
Leather and leather products
Stone, clay, and glass products___________
Prim ary metal industries_______________
Fabricated metal products. ____________
Machinery (except electrical)____________
Electrical machinery. _________________
Transportation equipment______________
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries___
N onmanufacturing..................... ..........
Mining, crude petroleum, and natural-gas
production____________ ..
Transportation 4________ ______________
Communications_________ . . .
Utilities: Electric and gas_______________
Wholesale trade
Retail trade_________________ ________
Hotels and restaurants
Services.. ____________________ ______
Construction__ _. ________
____
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing

10

107
12

44
47

24.0
357.9
33.2
115. 6
473. 7

6
1

5
37

38.2
29. 0
124.9
71.7
112.7
70. 7
131.9
76.9
92.1
723.1
175.6
402.9
457.0
1,313.3
55.4
24.5

3

446 1, 917.0

13
17
55
36
58
24
25
22

34
123
64
143
104
143
23
11

13
99
75
80
13
82
19
46
18
1

29.8
525.3
591. 7
200.3
26.7
213.4
104.8
167.3
56.6
1. 2

1 2 .1

]

4.5
2. 2
3.4

276.0

2

6 .1

9.2
4.0

3
1

2

3.6

3

3

7.2

8
10

5. 5

1

1 .1

1

10.5

1
1

7

38.6

3

1 .2
8 .8

13
13
7
5
6
10

66.5
24.1
31.5
168.1
14.0
15.5
15.8
26.8
31.0
1 2 .1

8.3
1 1 .6

102.7

25

103.4

220

1,034.3

10

8
1
2
1
12

2 0 .6

14

51.8

36
61
27

23.4
172.0
517.3
52.9
13.6
88.4
56.1
66.4
44.3

4

5.6
8.5
1.3
40.8
26.0

6

3
5
3

6 .2

41.9
3.6

39
12

16
13

12

5
42
6
11

15
2
1

4
1

1

2 .1

5

27.0
4.8
2.3

2
2

585.1
10.5

5

299.4

36

208.7

40

168.7

6.4
43.6
19.3

11

3
3

154.1
7.7
7.6

18
5
6

83.2
41.8
10.3

33.3

13

27.5

4

17.4

2

6 .8

55.6
7.0

3
3

6 .6

3

28

12

5.8
9.5
21.7
24.5
7.2
1.4
90.3

2

97

1.4
4.7

11

2

7
15

30.0
6.3
6.5
6.5
5.9
12.9
17.3
14.2

2 .2
1 1 .6

1 .8

1 0 .2

1
1
2

1 .6

2

4

1

3

83
33
58
38
71
3
5

1

39
14

12.7
4.0
53.3
14.6
72.3
41.3

17
9
31
46
18
17

6.3
3.1
4.4

4

5
2
22
8

41.2
25.8
17.8
61.7
193.1
51.4
38.3

1

5.1
8.7
3.0

23
3

167.4
2.9
67.5
23.5

17.5
648.0
108.1
113.5
212.4
658.1
5.3
7.8

3
2

1

2
21

1 2 1 .2
1 1 .8

16
11

17
20

45
11

47

27.0
36.7
43.9
206.7
2 1 .1

5.3

1
2
2

3
2
6
2

5

9.2

1 .2

work was performed in port or at sea. In a number cf instances, the rate of
1 This group includes 17 agreements which prohibited work on all paid
pay for work on holidays depended upon whether or not the holiday had
holidays, and which therefore made no reference to rates of pay.
been scheduled to be worked. Two were found which allowed equal time
2 Includes 100 agreements, covering 776,450 workers, which provided double
off for holidays worked, and some in which employees were given the option
time and one-fourth. These 100 agreements were distributed as follows:
of
accepting pay or the equivalent time added to vacations. Employees
furniture and fixtures, 1 agreement covering 2,400 workers; products of
covered by one agreement received double time and eight-tenths and in
petroleum and coal, 1 agreement covering 1,250 workers; stone, clay and
another
triple time and one-half. Also included are agreements where
glass products, 2 agreements, 3,500 workers; primary metal industries, 64
premium pay was given for some holidays and no reference made to pay for
agreements, 622,200 workers; fabricated metal products, 14 agreements, 70,100
others,
some
where premium pay varied by locality and by occupation, and
workers; machinery (except electrical), 4 agreements, 16,950 workers; trans­
one which was not clear as to whether holiday pay was included in the
portation equipment, 10 agreements, 48,000 workers; mining, crude petroleum
premium rates.
and natural-gas production, 4 agreements, 12,050 workers. Under the terms
4 Excludes railroad and airline industries.
of most of these agreements, negotiated by the United Steelworkers of Amer­
ica, this premium rate went into effect on July 1, 1958. The previous rate, in
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
effect as of July 1, 1957, was double time and one-tenth.
2
In this group were 25 agreements where premium pay varied by holidays,
and a number of maritime agreements where rates depended upon whether


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32
time. The remaining 9 percent of the agreements
with premium pay provisions contained other
variations.
Since 1950, double time has remained the most
common rate, but the proportion of contracts
granting premium rates of double time and onehalf rose from 16 percent in 1950 to 28 percent in
1958, while triple time showed a threefold gain
(chart 2). In 1950 as in 1958, the payment of
rates less than double time was infrequent. Pre­
mium rates of double time and one-half or triple
time were more common among manufacturing
than nonmanufacturing industries (table 5). Pen­
alty rates of double time and one-half were preva­
lent in chemicals and instrument manufacturing,
where they applied to two-thirds or more of the
workers receiving paid holidays. Although fewer
agreements called for triple time than for double
time and one-half, the higher premium rate ap­
plied to a larger number of workers, a fact ac­
counted for by several transportation equipment
and machinery (except electrical) agreements
covering large numbers.
Eighty-one contracts did not fit into any of the
premium pay patterns discussed. In 25 agree­
ments, the premium rate differed according to the
holiday:
Any work performed on New Year’s Day, Independence
Day, and Labor Day shall be paid for at time and one-half
the regular rate of pay, and any work performed on
Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day shall be paid for
at double the regular rate of pay.

A small number of agreements provided varia­
tions of an arrangement giving the worker the
option of an extra day’s pay or compensatory
time off for time worked on a holiday.
A few agreements specified different premium
pay provisions depending on whether the holiday
was a scheduled day of work or whether continuous
operations were involved:
Any employee who is scheduled to work . . . shall be
paid time and one-quarter rate for his scheduled 8-hour
tour of duty on that day . . .
In addition, such an
* These are a part of the industry’s dual premium rate structure; “penalty”
refers to certain types of work performed during the regular working day,
and the “overtime” rate typically applies to additional hours worked. For
a discussion of these rates, see p. 33 of this issue.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959
employee shall receive 8 hours’ pay at the regular rate . . .
Should an employee who was not scheduled to work on
the holiday be required to work on the holiday, he shall
receive, in addition to the 8 hours’ pay at the regular
rate . . . the overtime rate of time and t h r e e quarters . . .
Employees not working on continuous 7-day operations,
who may be requested to and do work on any of the follow­
ing holidays, shall not receive holiday pay but shall be
paid triple time for hours worked on the holiday . . .
Employees working on continuous operations who work
on 1 of the foregoing holidays which falls on 1 of their
regularly scheduled workdays shall not receive holiday
pay but shall be paid douole time for the hours worked . . .

Work requirements of some industries give rise
to unique pay provisions. The maritime indus­
try, for example, negotiates different work and
pay provisions for sea or port duty. No work is
to be done on holidays unless absolutely necessary
for navigation and vessel safety, except that
watches are to be kept as required by law; pre­
mium rates for overtime and holiday work are
referred to as “penalty” and “overtime” rates,4
as in the following illustration:
The rate of overtime pay shall be $3.29 per hour and
the rate of penalty pay shall be $2.19 per hour . . . The
penalty rate of pay shall be paid licensed engineer officers
who perform this regular watch work at sea on any of the
9 holidays described above . . . The overtime rate of pay
shall be paid licensed engineer officers who perform work
in port on any of the 9 holidays described above . . . The
overtime rate of pay shall also be paid to nonwatchstanding
licensed engineer officers who are required to perform
work in port . . . on any of the 9 holidays. . . .

Other maritime agreements based premium holi­
day rates on monthly salaries and some incor­
porated extra compensation for work on holidays
into base salary rates.
Holiday work premiums were not stipulated in
96 contracts, 17 of which prohibited holiday work.
Most of the agreements with holiday work
restrictions were in retail trade and the apparel
industry. Limited restrictions of work on some
holidays, usually Labor Day, were found in a
number of construction contracts.
— D ena

G. W e iss

and

H enry

S. R osenbloom

Division of Wages and Industrial Relations

WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT OF SEAMEN

Earnings and Employment
of American Seamen in 1957
E ditor ’s N ote .— This article summarizes the major

findings of a study of daily earnings, annual
employment, and annual earnings of licensed
officers and unlicensed seamen, conducted
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics at the request
of and in cooperation with the Maritime Ad­
ministration. The study was undertaken follow­
ing a suggestion to the Maritime Administra­
tion by the House of Representatives Committee
on Merchant Marine and Fisheries in 1956.
The full report on the study was published as
BLS Bull. 1238, The Earnings and Employ­
ment of Seamen on U. S. Flag Ships, which
also includes information on characteristics of
the labor force, collective bargaining, and fringe
benefits.
Daily Earnings
F or the study of seamen’s daily earnings, payroll
data were obtained for the latest voyages ending
before June 1957 of over 250 ships, which were
representative of the 877 ships of the American
merchant marine within the scope of the survey.1
Unique pay practices in the industry dictated
the reduction of trip earnings to a daily basis.2
In addition to daily gross earnings for both licensed
and unlicensed seamen, data are presented on the
premium pay component of gross earnings and
on supplementary pay derived from war-risk
bonuses, division of work payments, passenger
pay, and extra meal pay.
The average daily gross pay for men (exclusive
of masters and cadets) who went to sea in United
States Flag vessels in May 1957, was $20.19 a day
(table 1). Of this, $6.21 was payment for an
average of 2.8 hours of work calling for premium
pay and 23 cents was for supplementary pay
provisions. The balance of $13.75, or the average
daily basic wage, thus accounted in May 1957
for about two-thirds of seamen’s average daily
earnings; nearly all of the remainder was premium
pay for overtime or for work considered hazardous
or disagreeable.
From the operators’ viewpoint, most of the
premium pay resulting from provisions in the
collective bargaining contracts is an unavoidable

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

33
part of a ship’s operation, i. e., work on weekends
for certain members of the crew while at sea is
necessary for a 24-hour day, 7-day week operation.
Many other types of premium pay provisions
which are theoretically controllable are necessary
to the orderly day-to-day operation of a ship;3
for example, maintenance painting to prevent
corrosion. Thus, much of the variation observed
in average daily earnings of seamen among vessels
and voyages was due to differences in the extent
to which some of the other premium pay provi­
sions were avoided; for example, by delaying
maintenance work until a ship reached port.
Licensed Officers. In addition to their base rate,
men who were licensed officers generally received
two types of premium pay, $3.49 per hour for time
classed as overtime and $2.32 for time classed as
penalty time.4 These rates were the same for all
officer ratings except that officers who did not
stand watches received monthly payments “in
lieu of overtime” which, for purposes of this
study, were considered part of base pay. Officers
were also eligible for some types of supplementary
pay, such as war-risk bonuses or extra payments
when the ship was carrying explosives or other
forms of penalty cargo. Most licensed officers
are represented by unions which have contracts
on all coasts and the contracts with individual
companies or associations are basically the same,
although the individual rates vary by size and
type of ship.
Licensed officers as a group averaged $29.80 a
day. This included 2.8 hours of premium pay
amounting to $8.21 and 21 cents in supple­
mentary pay (19 cents in war-risk bonuses, with
the remaining 2 cents primarily penalty cargo
payments). Officers were almost evenly divided
1 Of the approximately 3,000 merchant ships under American registry,
two-thirds were Government owned and all except 161 of the latter were
inactive and laid up in reserve fleets. Among the active ships were 41
passengers ships, about 800 dry-cargo vessels, and over 300 tankers. Threefourths of the tankers were operated by oil companies for their own use and
were omitted from the scope of the study.
2 Seamen are frequently paid a day’s wages regardless of time worked
and their hourly rate is seldom used. In addition, a record of actual hours
worked is not readily available because the industry’s collective bargaining
contracts provide premium rates (both overtime and so-called “ penalty”
rates) for certain types of work performed during the regular working day.
3 For a classification of controllable and automatic (unavoidable) premium
pay, and the relative proportions, see Seafaring Overtime on Privately Oper­
ated United States Flag Merchant Ships (U. S. Department of Commerce,
Maritime Administration, 1954).
4 The differences between overtime and penalty provisions are complex
and vary by contract.

34
between the deck and engine departments, each
group representing somewhat more than onetenth of the total crew. Officers in the engine de­
partment had slightly higher average earnings,
even though they averaged less premium pay per
day than deck officers.
Chief engineers, the highest paid officers except
masters, averaged $39.14 a day, including an
average of $1.87 a day of extra vacation allow­
ance which was considered as premium pay for
purposes of this study.5 Descending the earnings
scale, the daily earnings of chief mates were
generally comparable to those of first assistant
engineers, second mates, to second assistant
engineers; third mates and radio officers, to third
assistant engineers; and fourth mates, to junior
third assistant engineers. Pursers on cargo ships,
who were not carried on all such vessels, averaged
about $23 a day. Passenger pursers generally
earned more, owing to more premium time.
Variations in daily earnings among individual
officers in the same rating were considerable.
The highest daily earnings for a particular rating
were frequently double the lowest earnings for the
same rating. The widest variation in daily
earnings was noted among chief mates and pursers.
The majority of officers within each rating, how­
ever, had daily earnings within a range of $5 or
less; for example, two-thirds of the third mates
earned between $25 and $30 a day.
Most licensed officers received from $6 to $11
premium pay per day. In a few cases, premium
pay represented half of an individuaPs total
earnings.
Unlicensed Seamen. Nearly four-fifths of the
seamen in the survey were classified as unlicensed.
The overtime rates for unlicensed seamen, unlike
those for officers, differ by rating, ranging from
$1.60 an hour for o rd in a l seamen and messmen
on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts to $2.81 an hour
for the higher unlicensed ratings on the West
Coast. Under certain conditions, these rates are
increased by 50 or 100 percent.6
As a group, unlicensed seamen averaged $17.56
per day, including $5.66 for 2.8 hours of premium
work. The average also includes supplementary
payments of 24 cents a day—11 cents for warrisk bonuses, with nearly all of the remainder
representing payments to seamen in the stewards
department.

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Able-bodied seamen, accounting for about oneeighth of the crew, averaged $19.50 a day, in­
cluding $7.30 for 3.3 hours of premium pay
and 16 cents in supplementary payments. The
average base pay for able-bodied seamen was
therefore about $12. Provisions relating to base
pay varied among the three major collective
bargaining units covering this rating.7
Messmen, who also accounted for one-eighth of
the crew, averaged $14.10 a day, of which $4.31
was pay for 2.6 hours of premium work and 38
cents was accounted for by supplementary pay
provisions.
Wipers were the lowest paid seamen studied,
with an average of $12.77 per day. Although
the average base pay for wipers exceeded that for
messmen and ordinary seamen, the latter cate­
gories averaged more premium pay. Chief
stewards and chefs were the highest paid unli­
censed ratings on passenger ships; they averaged
over $30 a day exclusive of gratuities. Among
unlicensed ratings carried on all types of ships,
electricians, with average daily earnings of $24.23,
were the highest paid.
As in the case of licensed officers, the difference
between lowest and highest earnings for individual
unlicensed seamen in the same rating was fre­
quently 100 percent. The majority of seamen in
most of the unlicensed ratings, however, had
daily average earnings within a $2 to $4 range.
In general, the higher the rating, the wider the
range of earnings.
Whereas earnings of licensed officers, on the
average, were approximately the same on all
coasts, unlicensed seamen from West Coast ports
averaged $1.81 more per day than those sailing
from the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Unlicensed
seamen on the eastern coasts averaged 3.0 hours
of premium pay per day, as compared with 2.4
hours for West Coast seamen, but they had a
lower premium pay rate. Their base rates also
5 Chief engineers do not get regular payroll payments for overtime but are
given credit in some eases for certain types of overtime when they report it
and are later reimbursed at their regular hourly rate, generally at the time of
their vacation.
6 The unlicensed seamen in the engine department on the West Coast also
have a “ penalty” rate in addition to the overtime rate.
7 Watchstanding seamen represented by the Sailors’ Union of the Pacific
receive base pay which, since 1955, has included part of the regular premium
pay and has been paid on the basis of 56 hours a week at sea and 40 hours
when in port. The other two major agreements covering able-bodied seamen
(negotiated by the National Maritime Union and the Seafarers’ International
Union) base pay scales on a 40-hour week and call for overtime pay for hours
in excess of 40.

35

WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT OF SEAMEN

averaged nearly $2 less than on the West Coast,
where some of the premium pay has, since 1955,
been incorporated in the base pay under most
contracts.
West Coast averages for unlicensed seamen in
the deck and engine departments were about 10
percent higher than for comparable ratings on
the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. In the stewards
department, average daily earnings were almost
the same on all coasts. Although base rates
for stewards employees on the West Coast were
T

able

1.

generally for a 56-hour week and therefore higher,
such employees on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
had nearly twice as many premium hours and
higher average premium pay.
Individual earnings were more widely dispersed
on the West Coast. Seamen on the West Coast
Alaskan run, for example, frequently handle cargo
ordinarily handled by longshoremen and con­
sequently have high premium earnings. This
carried some able-bodied seamen beyond the
$30-a-day level.

Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing ships in the United States merchant marine, by rating and
coast of employment, spring 1957 1
All ports
Rating

Num ­ Average
ber of
daily
seamen earnings 2

West Coast ports

Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports

Average daily
premium 3
Hours Earnings

Num­ Average
ber of
daily
seamen earnings2

Average daily
premium 3
Hours Earnings

N um ­ Average
ber of
daily
seamen earnings2

Average daily
premium 3
Hours Earnings

All seamen (except masters and cadets)__ 44, 785

$20.19

2.8

$6.21

30, 580

$19. 72

2.9

$6. 22

14,205

$21. 21

2.5

$6.14

All licensed seamen___________________

9,627

$29.80

2.8

$8. 21

6,531

$29. 78

2.8

$8.19

3,096

$29.83

2.8

$8.24

Deck departm ent4_______________
Chief m a te s __________________
Second mates________________
Third mates------- -------------------Fourth mates_________________
Radio officers............................. .
Chief pursers, passenger___ _____
Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker- . .
Assistant pursers, passenger--------

4,820
882
895
903
618
980
83
272
104

29. 04
35.94
29.43
27.64
26.13
27.61
30.39
23.04
26.03

3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.1
2.7
1.5
3.5

9.22
10.59
9.48
9.19
9.17
9.08
8.61
4.54
11.17

3,275
612
622
625
405
685
63
141
80

28.97
35.65
29.34
27. 42
25. 76
27. 61
30. 06
22. 32
26.94

3.1
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
1.3
4.0

9.20
10. 42
9.41
8.92
8.95
9.03
9.52
3 90
12. 67

1, 545
270
273
278
213
295
20
131
24

29.18
36. 61
29.63
28.14
26.84
27. 61
31.44
23.82
23. 01

3.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.1
1.8
1.7
2.0

9.26
10. 97
9.64
9.80
9.59
9.20
5.78
5.24
6.20

Engine departm ent4_________ Chief engineers________________
First assistant engineers ____ Second assistant engineers____
Third assistant engineers— ----Junior third assistant engineers__
Licensed junior engineers_______

4,807
889
881
915
992
780
305

30. 56
39.14
35.09
29.17
26.87
25.06
23.10

2.5
.5
3.1
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.2

7.19
1.87
9.64
8 90
8.16
7.71
5.90

3,256
619
611
633
695
443
210

30.60
38.64
35.15
29.21
26. SO
24.99
22.86

2.5
.4
3.2
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.1

7.18
1.37
9. S3
9.22
8.05
7. 86
5. 76

1, 551
270
270
282
297
337
95

30. 47
40.27
34.98
29. 07
27. 03
25.16
23. 61

2.5
.7
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.3

7.23
3.02
9.21
8.18
8.41
7.47
6.21

Ail unlicensed seamen--- ------ --------------- 35,158

17.56

2.8

5.66

24,049

16.99

3.0

5.70

11,109

18.80

2.4

5. 56

Deck department A-- ---- ---------- 11,354
Bosuns_______________________
908
429
Carpenters________________
Deck maintenance___ _____ _
1,656
Able-bodied seamen---------- ------- 5, 503
Ordinary seamen______________ 2, 560

18.80
22.44
21.48
IS. 96
19. 50
14. 83

3.2
3.1
2.9
2.6
3.3
3.1

6. 71
6.97
6. 85
5.88
7.30
5.41

7,727
633
243
1,060
3,800
1,842

17. 75
21.40
20.39
17. 74
18. 56
14.39

3.2
2.9
3.0
2.4
3.4
3.4

6. 41
6. 30
6.35
5.16
7.17
5.60

3,627
275
186
596
1,703
718

21.05
24.82
22.91
21.15
21.61
15.94

3.0
3.3
2.7
2.7
3.1
2.5

7. 35
8. 52
7. 51
7.17
7. 60
4. 92

Engine departm ent4______________ 10, 095
Unlicensed junior engineers_____
308
Electricians______ . ________
667
Second electricians________
510
Engine maintenance___________
230
Oilers________________________ 2.720
Firemen, water tenders_________ 2,749
Wipers______ ____ ___________
2,224

17. 34
16.94
24.23
22.97
16.38
17.38
17. 56
12. 77

2.4
1.2
2.6
2.6
1.5
2.9
3.0
1.2

5.00
2. 51
6.15
6. 36
3.18
5.93
6.13
2. 02

6,956
264
454
288
176
1,909
1,944
1,540

16. 72
16.95
22. 61
20.91
16.25
16.89
17. 33
12. 41

2.3
1.2
2.2
2.1
1.5
2.7
3.0
1.1

4.55
2.52
4.53
4. 36
3.14
5. 54
6.01
1.82

3,139
44
213
222
54
811
805
684

18.71
16.89
27. 67
25. 63
16.80
18. 54
18.13
13. 59

2.7
1.1
3.7
3.4
1.6
3.2
3.0
1.2

5. 96
2. 50
9. 61
8. 95
3.32
6. 83
6. 40
2.45

Stewards departm ent4----- ----------- 13, 709
Chief stewards, passenger_______
50
Chief stewards, dry-cargo and
tanker_______________ ______
833
Second stewards, passenger_____
65
72
Chefs, passenger....................... ......
Cooks, passenger______________
358
Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker____
856
Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and
759
ta n k e r......... ........... ................ .
Assistant cooks, passenger______
246
Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and
tanker______________________
857
Stewards, passenger______ _____ 1,108
Waiters, passenger_______ ...
1,103
Messmen, all ships______ . . .
5, 799
Bellboys, passenger-------- ---------208

16.70
32. 04

2.8
4.0

5.28
8. 64

9,366
38

16. 56
31.61

3.3
47

5.97
9.61

4,343
12

16.99
33.39

1.7
1.4

3.78
4.99

22.94
26.19
31. 54
24.39
20.59

3.2
4.7
4.6
3.8
2.8

6.99
10.18
10.38
8.39
6. 01

579
48
42
242
591

22. 71
26.40
31.79
24. 72
20. 30

3.5
5.8
6.0
4.8
3.0

7. 35
11.99
12. 57
10. 00
6.31

254
17
30
116
265

23.49
25.62
31.18
23. 71
21.24

2.5
1.8
2.6
1.8
2.2

6.18
5.07
7.31
5.03
5. 33

19.86
21.79

2.7
3.8

5.94
8.10

540
183

19. 56
21.64

2.9
4.5

6.05
9.19

219
63

20.61
22.21

2.3
1.8

5.66
4.93

18.49
14. 78
15. 51
14.10
14.04

2.7
2.9
3.3
2.6
3.1

5. 85
4. 77
5. 50
4. 31
5.06

560
764
747
3,983
147

18.16
15.11
15.60
13.76
14.44

3.0
3.8
4.2
2.9
4.0

6.14
6.15
6. 75
4. 70
6.48

297
344
356
1,816
61

19.12
14.05
15.32
14.85
13. 07

2.1
.8
1.3
1.8
.8

5.31
1.70
2.89
3. 45
1.64

1 Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957.
2 Includes all wage payments (at both regular and premium rates) and
supplementary allowances, such as nonwatch allowance, tool and uniform
allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for


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division of work, and war-risk bonuses. Does not include any value for
board and lodging or gratuities.
3 Total of overtime and penalty time.
4 Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately.

36
The study also provided comparisons between
average daily earnings for seamen (licensed and
unlicensed) working in different segments of the
industry. Seamen on subsidized trips of drycargo ships, for which the Government pays the
difference in cost between American and foreign
crews, averaged no more per day than seamen on
nonsubsidized trips, who were paid for a higher
average number of premium hours.8
Seamen on tankers averaged more than seamen
on other vessels and those on passenger ships in
most ratings averaged more than those on drycargo vessels. Among the various types of drycargo vessels there were only slight differences in
earnings except that premium earnings were
higher on Liberty ships, which normally carry
a small crew and, because of their construction
and age, generally have higher maintenance
requirements.
Although there are many special pay provisions
in contracts covering work while in port, they do
not increase a seaman’s average daily earnings
over his earnings while at sea; in fact, seamen
averaged slightly less while on port payrolls than
they did at sea. Voyages with many port stops
did not provide higher average daily earnings
than those with only a few port stops.
There was also no substantial difference in
earnings that could be traced to variations between
trade areas except that unlicensed seamen on
intercoastal trips had a higher average than those
sailing to any of the other trade areas studied.
Annual Employment and Earnings
The economic position of seamen can best be
evaluated if knowledge of daily earnings is sup­
plemented by information on employment and
earnings over a longer period of time. It has been
estimated that there are about 100,000 qualified
men who may seek work in the American mer­
chant marine in any given year. In early 1957,
the industry (including segments not covered in
this study) provided approximately 60,000 ocean­
going jobs. This does not mean that there were
40,000 men looking for work at that time. Ocean
voyages are generally long and confining and,
following a well-established custom, many seamen
leave their ships at the termination of a voyage
to take vacations or temporary shoreside jobs.
Also, some require hospitalization. Another group

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

have shoreside jobs and are available only for an
occasional voyage. When a seaman is ready to
return to work, he then must seek a new job.
The length of time required to find a new berth
varies greatly and seamen are, therefore, faced
with an occupational type of unemployment which
is unique to the industry.
Seamen are typically employed through unionoperated hiring halls, in which the employment
procedures give preference to experienced seamen
and require new seamen to apply for union mem­
bership within 30 days after being hired.9 Some
of the unions provide for the issuance of temporary
working permits.10 All of the union contracts
provide that the shipping company may reject,
for certain specified reasons, a seaman who has
been referred by a hiring hall. The agreements
covering licensed officers generally give the com­
panies more leeway in hiring, although they usually
require membership in the union.
Annual Employment. Labor-management agree­
ments in the industry require that the companies
pay a specified amount, or percentage of base pay,
for each day of employment into the various vaca­
tion funds, which are operated jointly by the
unions and the employers. The records of these
payments for individual seamen in most cases
furnished the data for the annual employment
study. Data were collected for about 7,000 sea­
men representative of those w' thin scope of the
8 Under Title IV of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as amended, the
United States Government, upon approval of application for subsidy, pays
no more than the excess of the cost of operating an American flag ship in
competition to vessels of a foreign country. Less than 30 percent of the
active vessels were operating in a subsidized status at the time of the survey.
9 The union hiring hall became the major source of labor supply for the
industry in the late 1930’s. For a history of hiring practices and collective
bargaining in the industry, see Joseph P. Goldberg, The Maritime Story
(Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1958).
18 The major seamen’s organization and the positions they represent are:
Masters, Mates and Pilots (M M P )—about 5,000 deck positions, all coasts;
Marine Engineers’ Beneficial Association (M E B A )—about 5,500 engineering
positions, all coasts; Brotherhood of Marine Officers (BM O )—about 600 deck
and engineering positions on Atlantic Coast; American Radio Association
(A R A )—about 600 radio positions on all coasts; Radio Officers Union (ROU —
an affiliate of the Commercial Telegraphers Union)—about 400 radio positions
on all coasts; National Maritime Union of America (N M U )—about 24,000
unlicensed positions on Atlantic and Gulf Coasts; American Merchant Marine
Staff Officers Association (A M M SO A —wn. affiliate of N M U ) —about 150
purser positions, primarily on West Coast; Seafarers’ International Union
(S IU ): (1) Atlantic and Gulf District—about 8,500 unlicensed positions on
Atlantic and Gulf Coasts; (2) Staff Officers’ Association of America (SOA —
an SIU affiliate)—about 220 purser positions on Atlantic and Gulf Coasts,
and (3) three other SIU affiliates which represent about 10,000 unlicensed
positions on West Coast, namely Sailors’ Union of the Pacific (SU P )—pri­
marily deck seamen, Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers Associa­
tion (M FOW )—engine department seamen, and Marine Cooks and Stewards
Union (M CS)—stewards department.

37

WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT OF SEAMEN

study. The analysis is necessarily limited to sea­
going employment and earnings only. Employ­
ment was studied from July 1956 through June
1957, a relatively active period for American flag
ships. Maritime Administration reports indicate
that the number of active vessels as of June 1957
exceeded the number for the 3 preceding years
and was 23 percent above the figure for June 1958.
11
Since the time of the study, unemployment in the industry has led some
of the unions to revise their shipping rules to require that men leave a ship
at the first opportunity after so many days of continuous work, e. g., 180 or
210 days, in order to spread work among a greater number of members.

T able 2.

Average days worked may correlate less closely
with volume of activity than might be expected.
When employment is rising and more man-days
of work are available, additional men may enter
or return to the industry and those in the industry
can work more days during the year. Industry
spokesmen reported, however, that when jobs
are plentiful seamen take more frequent leave
without pay, knowing that job opportunities will
be available when they desire to ship out. When
shipping is scarce, the seamen aboard ships are
hesitant to leave their jobs.11

Average days of employment1 of selected ratings in the United States merchant marine, by employment status and
primary coast of employment, July 1, 1956-June SO, 1957
Industry-connected seamen

All seamen
All ports
Rating

Atlantic and Gulf West Coast ports
Coasts ports

3

Atlantic and Gulf West Coast ports
Coasts ports

All ports

Num ber Average N um ber Average Num ber Average Num ber Average Num ber Average N um ber Average
days
of sea­
days
of sea­
days
of sea­
days
of sea­
days
of sea­
days
of sea­
men
worked
worked
men
men
worked
men
worked
men
men
worked
worked
All seamen (except pursers and reliefmen).
All licensed seamen............................. ......

85,541
16, 308

212
233

63,976
10, 889

215
231

19, 885
3.739

201
238

64, 583

243

49,041

245

14,211

235

12, 727

258

8, 374

256

3,022

262

3, 579
569
732
859
924
470

260
271
276
265
251
232

1,230
225
275
240
270
200

265
284
277
258
264
240

254
271
254
248
252
238

1,792
240
304
392
376
424

259
298
265
268
257
232

4, 684
714
927
1,044
1,209
765

236
250
253
245
228
199

1, 635
290
335
295
395
295

236
263
261
242
223
193

1 fiSO

235
254
255
244
227
198
234

6,140
794
1,007
1,099
1,194
670
1,331

261
274
276
264
254
235
261

8, 309
1,378
1,354
1,842
1,834
1,437
456

231
259
243
232
231
201
201

6,205
1,106
1,026
1,402
1,386
917

228
254
240
225
230
193

2,104
272
328
440
448
520

239
279
251
254
233
216

6, 587
1.194
1,136
1,544
1,468
945
300

255
276
257
253
253
235
246

4,795
954
832
1,152
1,092
521

Deck departm ent3__ ____
... Masters________________ — --Chief mates__ _________ ____
Second mates_________________
Third mates__________________
Fourth mates________ _______

7,999
1,004
1,262
1,339
1,604
1,060

Engine departm ent3------ ------ --------Chief engineers--- -------------First assistant engineers................
Second assistant engineers--- -----Third assistant engineers----------Junior third assistant engineers...
All unlicensed seamen______ _________

69,233

207

53,087

211

16,146

193

51, 856

239

40, 667

243

11,189

227

Deck departm ent3-----------------------Bosuns_____________ ________

24, 613
1,727
640
3,111
12, 525
5, 866

210
228
219
219
220
180

18, 587
1,440

214
233

6,026
287

196
198

241
255

4,430
245

224
220

216
224
192

971
2,918
1,346

226
209
139

237
250
228
233
240
226

14, 607
1,240

2,140
9,607
4,520

19, 037
1,485
565
2, 616
10,192
3,784

1,820
7,767
3, 240

230
245
232

796
2,425
544

241
224
193

206
222
216
221
208
177

14, 880
980

209
228

4,866
259

197
201

3,430
196

235
234

224
210
178

1,309
1,141
1,275

208
204
175

240
257
229
244
237
230

242
264

4,480
3. 760
3,820

14, 690
916
586
4,727
3, 699
3,195

11,260
720

Oilers________________________
Firemen, water tenders_________
Wipers______________________

19, 746
1,239
662
5, 789
4,901
5,095

3,740
2, 880
2,460

245
236
230

987
819
735

240
238
231

Stewards departm ent3---- -----------Chief stewards, all ships________

24,874
1,649

19, 620
1,300

211
276

5, 254
349

186
191

3,329
274

225
213

228

338

190

241
273
269
264
235

245
286

700

18,129
1, 494
730
455
795

14,800
1,220

505
1,038

205
258
261
249
216

560

240

235

224

1,162
560

222
241

960

222

202

220

857
480

247
264

700

250

157

234

1,202
1 455
1’ 495
ll| 877
440

184
211
187
195
187

860

185

342

184

218

222

220

199

2,417

191

219
243
224
229
238

620

9,460

842
1, 060
975
8,607
330

7,000

230

1,607

228

Deck maintenance____________
Able-bodied seamen_______ ____
Ordinary seamen______ .
Engine departm ent3------ ------------Electricians------ ---------------------

Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker------Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and
tanker_____________________
Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and
tanker--------------------------------Messmen, all ships____________

£30

i
Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation
funds maintained jointly by the companies and unions in the industry. Does
not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the
Great Lakes or paid vacation time. Employment on oil company tankers
not covered by these funds was also excluded.
3 A seaman was considered industry connected if he had been employed
4 9 1 3 0 8 -5 9 -

-4


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in the industry not only during the 12 months studied but also at any time
during the first half of 1956 and after June 30, 1957.
3 Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately.
N ote: D ata on radio officers were not available by coast. Other dashes
indicate insufficient data to warrant presentation.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

38
During the course of the present study, it was
observed that many seamen who had left the in­
dustry shortly after World War II were returning
for varying periods of time. This situation was
also suggested by the substantial difference be­
tween the number of seamen who had worked
sometime during the year (85,541) and the much
smaller number (64,583), classified as “industry
connected,” that had been employed not only
during the survey year but also at some time dur­
ing the 6 months preceding July 1, 1956, and
during the 6 months following June 30, 1957 (i. e.,
before, during, and after the survey year).
As table 2 shows, “industry connected” sea­
men averaged 243 days of employment during
the 12-month peiiod studied. Over a twelfth
worked less than 120 days and nearly a third
worked less than 210 days; more than a fourth
worked more than 300 days during the year.
This study verified the common belief that licensed
officers more frequently stay with the same em­
ployer and have fewer periods of unemployment
between voyages than unlicensed seamen. During
the period studied, however, the difference was
surprisingly small—only 19 days.
The average industry-connected seaman sailed
on about 7 voyages of 10 or more days during the
year.12 These voyages were generally on 2 or 3
vessels owned by 2 different companies. Li­
censed officers did not change ships or companies
as frequently as unlicensed seamen.
Because the year of employment studied was
one of the peak peacetime years for shipping,
many seamen who were available for work during
the whole year were able to secure all the work
they wanted. The average licensed officer, in
fact, was employed for as many or more days as
the fully employed shoieside worker on a 5-day
T able 3.

week. If earned vacation time, which is not
included in the employment or earnings estimates
in the study, is added to the average employment
of unlicensed seamen, they also would have had,
on the average, total employment almost equal
to a fully employed 5-day-week shoreside worker.
The average unlicensed seamen would have earned
9 days’ vacation at base pay for his 239 days of
employment.13
Industry-connected officers averaged 258 days
of employment during the year of study. The
higher ratings had the highest number of days of
employment, with masters, chief mates, and chief
engineers all averaging about 275 days. Fourth
mates and junior 3d or 4th assistant engineers
averaged 235 days. Generally, about 80 percent
or more of the licensed officers in the higher
ratings were considered industry connected. In
the lower ratings, such as junior engineers and
fourth mates, the proportion dropped to about
two-thirds. Licensed officers frequently changed
coasts of employment, and there was no significant
difference between coasts in the average days of
employment.
One out of six industry-connected officers
worked less than 180 days during the 12-month
period. In some cases, these men were in the
hospital for varying periods, but a larger number
evidently had taken seasonal shoreside employ­
ment and were not available for sea duty at
certain periods during the year.
12
The source records showing days of employment did not differentiate
between actual voyages and short-term employment such as port payrolls
or relief work. To eliminate those entries which were presumably not actual
voyages, entries of less than 10 days were not counted.
n The amount of vacation pay was generally 14 days after 360 days of em­
ployment, but it was greater if the seaman was employed by one company
for a whole year. Seamen’s vacation benefits are computed on base pay
only and daily benefits are therefore equal [to about two-thirds of their
average daily earnings.

Average annual earnings of six selected ratings in the United States merchant marine, by employment status and
primary coast of employment, July 1, 1956-June 80, 1957
All seamen

Industry-connected seamen 1

Seamen employed each quarter 2

Rating
All ports
Second mates . ______________
Third assistant engineers............ .
Able-bodied seamen_____ ______
Oilers_____ _____________ . . . .
Cooks________________________
Messmen______ _______________

$7,499
6, 390
4, 234
3,918
4, 898
2,806

A tlantic
West Coast
and Gulf
ports
Coast ports
$7, 519
6,384
4,138
3,910
5,201
2,759

$7, 427
6,406
4,547
3,946
4,271
2,989

1 A seaman was considered industry connected if he had been employed in
the industry not only during the 12 months studied but also at any time during the first half of 1956 and after June 30, 1957.


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All ports
$8,110
7,032
4,607
4, 315
5,345
3,285

West Coast
Atlantic
and Gulf
ports
Coast ports
$8,140
7,024
4,511
4,257
5,442
3, 213

$7,999
7,056
4,906
4, 540
5,094
3,558

All ports
$8,363
7,467
5,029
4, 755
5,848
3,636

Atlantic
West Coast
and Gulf
ports
Coast ports
$8,341
7, 437
4,900
4,693
5,803
3,549

$8,446
7,562
5,468
4,995
5,978
4,019

2 Includes all seamen who worked at least 1 day in each calendar quarter
of the year studied,

WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT OF SEAMEN

One-fifth of the officers worked at some point
during the survey year but neither immediately
before nor after that year. The average number
of days for all officers who worked any time
duiing the year was 233 days. Averages by
rating ranged from 259 days for chief engineers
down to 198 days for fourth mates.
Five percent of the licensed officers worked
during only 1 quarter of the year, 10 percent
worked 2 quarters, and 13 percent worked 3
quarters. Seventy-two percent worked some time
in each of the quarters, averaging 276 days of
work. These ratios were almost the same for
both the deck and engineer department officers.
Comparisons among ratings indicate that both
the proportions of seamen employed in each of
the four quarters and the average number of days
worked were highest in the higher latings. Nearly
80 percent of the chief mates and chief engineers
worked some time in each of the 4 quarters and
averaged 287 and 289 days of employment re­
spectively.
Unlicensed seamen classified as industry con­
nected (three-fourths of the total) averaged 239
days of emplojunent a year. As in the case of
licensed personnel, the higher ratings had the
higher average employment. In the deck depart­
ment, highest average employment (250 days)
was recorded for bosuns. Over half of the deck
department seamen spent most of their time as
able-bodied seamen and averaged 240 days of
employment in the year. In the engine depart­
ment, electricians had the highest average em­
ployment, 257 days; oilers, the largest group,
were second highest with an average of 244 days.
Chief stewards had the highest average em­
ployment of any of the unlicensed ratings, aver­
aging 273 days. Passenger chefs averaged almost
as many days and most of the passenger ratings
studied had higher annual employment than those
working on cargo vessels. Messmen, the largest
14 Although average annual earnings can be estimated from the average
daily earnings and average number of days worked during the year, the
product would not reflect secondary employment at other ratings or possible
seasonal differences in daily earnings. (The total earnings of individual
seamen were classified, as in the study of annual employment, in the rating
in which they worked a majority of the time.) Also, distributions of seamen
by annual earnings cannot be developed from data on daily earnings and
annual employment.
u Any vacation pay received from vacation funds was not included in
the study, because payments from vacation funds could not be related to time
worked during the particular time period studied.
In a few cases, the original data were found to be incomplete and the net
result of additions due to previously unreported employment would have
increased the annual employment estimates by an average of 0.8 percent.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

39
group in the department, averaged 229 days.
The lowest average employment (219 days) was
for assistant cooks on dry-cargo vessels or tankers.
Over a fourth of the unlicensed seamen that were
considered industry connected worked 300 or
moie days a year; over a fifth, however, had total
employment of less than 180 days.
The average for all unlicensed seamen, both
industry connected and those not so classified,
was 207 days, ranging from about 260 days for
chief stewards and chefs on passenger ships to ap­
proximately 180 days for ordinary seamen and
wipers.
About 9 percent of the unlicensed seamen
worked in only 1 quarter of the year, 11 percent
worked some time during 2 quarters of the year,
15 percent during 3 different quarters, and about
65 percent had some employment in all 4 quarters.
The last group averaged 261 days of employment.
In some of the lower ratings, little more than half
of the seamen worked in all four quarters of the
year.
Unlicensed seamen, unlike officers, did not fre­
quently change their coast of employment. Nearly
80 percent of the industry-connected seamen
were working out of Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports;
they averaged 7 percent more days of employ­
ment than those on the West Coast. The higher
level of employment on the Atlantic and Gulf
Coasts was noted in nearly all ratings. The At­
lantic and Gulf Coasts also had a higher propor­
tion of seamen working some time during all 4
quarters of the year, 70 percent as compared with
60 percent on the West Coast.
Annual Earnings. Total earnings from seagoing
employment during the 12-month period studied
were obtained for individual seamen in 6 numeri­
cally important ratings—2 licensed and 4 un­
licensed.14 Two ratings were selected from each
of the departments. Earnings information was
obtained from employers, as identified in the
vacation funds, for voyages listed and for any
other maritime employment that occurred in the
period studied.15
Percentage differences in earnings among ratings
were substantially greater on an annual than on
a daily basis. Differences in daily earnings and
average number of days of employment, from
one rating to the next higher or lower rating, did
not appear to be large. However, the combined

40
effect of these apparently small differences pro­
duced large differences in annual earnings, shown
in table 3.
Although the daily earnings of second mates
were less than 10 percent greater than those of
third assistant engineers, their annual earnings
were over 15 percent higher because of their higher
average days of employment. The difference
between the earnings of licensed officers and
unlicensed seamen is also accentuated when
presented on an annual basis. Annual earnings
of second mates were about 2K times as great as
the annual earnings of messmen. Annual earn­
ings for industry-connected cooks reflected their
relatively full employment—$5,345 for about 250
days of employment.
As suggested in the discussion of annual em­
ployment, the average income of seamen is greatly
affected by the earnings of those with short
periods of employment. The distribution of
industry-connected seamen in the 6 selected
ratings according to annual earnings shows that
an eighth of the second mates earned less than
$5,000 a year and a tenth of the third assistant
engineers earned less than $3,500. On the
other hand, fully two-fifths of the second mates
earned $9,000 or more during the survey year,
and nearly as large a proportion of the third
assistant engineers earned $8,000 or more. Over
an eighth of the able-bodied seamen, oilers, and
cooks earned less than $3,000 annually and over
a fourth of the messmen earned less than $2,500.
At the upper end, slightly more than two-fifths
of the able-bodied seamen earned $5,000 or more;
a third of the messmen had annual earnings from
maritime employment of $4,000 or more.
When all seamen who worked any time during
the year are included in calculations, annual
earnings were reduced by about 8 percent in


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

nearly all the ratings studied, with the exception
of messmen. The inclusion of messmen who did
not work prior to or after the survey year reduced
their annual earnings 15 percent to $2,806.
About 80 percent of the second mates and 75
percent of the third assistant engineers worked
in each of the 4 quarters of the year studied.
They averaged $8,363 for 276 days and $7,467
for 272 days, respectively—slightly more than
those classified as industry connected. About 70
percent of the able-bodied seamen, oilers, and
cooks worked in each of the 4 quarters, as com­
pared with only about 60 percent of the messmen.
Average annual earnings of the unlicensed seamen
employed in each of the 4 quarters were 9 or 10
percent higher than the average for the industryconnected workers.
Only for the unlicensed ratings were the inter­
coastal differences in annual earnings substantial.
Able-bodied seamen on the West Coast averaged
almost 9 percent higher annual earnings than
their counterparts working from the Atlantic and
Gulf ports, even though the latter group averaged
more days of employment. Oilers on the West
Coast averaged nearly 7 percent more and mess­
men over 10 percent more with almost the same
number of days of employment registered in the
two coastal groups. The average annual earnings
and employment of cooks on the Atlantic and
Gulf Coasts exceeded the corresponding averages
on the West Coast by 7 and 15 percent, respec­
tively. A higher proportion of cooks on the
Atlantic Coast worked on passenger ships; such
cooks had higher daily earnings and a larger
number of days of employment than cooks on
other types of vessels.
— Jam es F . W alk er
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations

EARNINGS IN AUTO DEALER REPAIR SHOPS

Earnings in Auto Dealer
Repair Shops, Summer 1958
assigned to major repair
work in franchised motor vehicle dealer estab­
lishments averaged more than $2.50 an hour in 14
of the 29 areas included in a survey conducted by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Depart­
ment of Labor during April through August 1958.1
Hourly averages for these mechanics (class A)
ranged from $2.05 in Providence to $3.12 in Cleve­
land and $3.16 in Chicago. Body repairmen,
painters, and service salesmen also averaged $2.50
or more an hour in many areas.
Highest pay levels, as measured by 8 jobs
studied, were in the areas around the Great Lakes
and on the Pacific Coast; lowest levels were usually
recorded in Providence and areas in the South.
The study also provides information on scheduled
hours of work and the prevalence of paid vacations,
paid holidays, and health insurance, and pension
plans.
A utomotive mechanics

Industry Characteristics
Approximately 123,000 workers were employed
in the 2,942 retail auto dealer establishments
within the scope of the survey in the 29 areas
studied. Employment varied considerably among
these areas, ranging from less than 2,000 in 6
areas to approximately 20,000 workers in the Los
Angeles-Long Beach area. However, the next
largest employment total—9,000—was found in
Chicago and Detroit. Franchised auto dealers
in the 5 boroughs of New York City employed a
total of 6,500 workers.
Employment in individual establishments
studied ranged from 20 to slightly more than 300
workers. Establishments employing between 20
and 49 workers accounted for slightly more than
half of the workers within the scope of the study;
those employing 50 but fewer than 100 workers,
slightly less than two-fifths; and those with 100
or more workers, one-tenth. Only 5 of the 692
establishments studied reported employment in
excess of 250.
Approximately 55 percent of the total auto
dealer employment in the 29 areas combined were
production and related workers;2 26 percent were


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41
office or supervisory employees; and 19 percent
were employed in the car sales departments.
Among the production and related workers,
automotive mechanics were most important nu­
merically, accounting for fully a fifth of the total
workforce. Occupational staffing patterns varied
somewhat by size of establishment. Thus, pro­
duction and related workers and office clerical
employees accounted for slightly higher propor­
tions of total employment in establishments
employing 100 or more workers than in the smaller
establishments. Executives, officials, and non­
working supervisors accounted for a smaller pro­
portion in the large establishments than in small
establishments. The ratio of auto salesmen to
total employment was generally the same regard­
less of establishment size.
Labor-management contracts covering wages
and working conditions of production and related
workers applied to nine-tenths or more of the
workers in Chicago, Minneapolis-St. Paul, St.
Louis, San Francisco-Oakland, and Seattle; threefourths in New York City; slightly more than half
in Cleveland; a fourth in Milwaukee and Phila­
delphia; a tenth to a fifth in Boston, Buffalo, Cin­
cinnati, Detroit, Newark-Jersey City, Pittsburgh,
Portland (Oreg.), and Richmond; and to virtually
none in the remaining 12 areas.3 Major unions in
the industry in the 29 areas studied were the Inter­
national Association of Machinists and the Inter­
national Brotherhood of Teamsters (Ind.). Fre­
quently, establishments had agreements with both
of these unions, either in the form of joint or
separate contracts. The Machinists generally
represented workers in the repair department,
e. g., mechanics, body repairmen, painters; the
Teamsters represented workers in the parts
1 See Wage Structure: Auto Dealer Repair Shops, Summer 1958, BLS
Report 141. The survey covered retail motor vehicle dealer establishments
(industry group 551 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial
Classification Manual prepared by the Bureau of the Budget) employing 20
or more workers at the time the dealer establishment lists were compiled.
Detailed reports for each area studied and the job descriptions used in classify­
ing workers in the selected occupations are available upon request. For the
areas covered and the payroll periods concerned, see table 1.
An establishment, for purposes of this study, was defined as all outlets of a
company in the labor market; in most areas, establishments employing less
than 20 workers (excluded from the study) accounted for less than 10 percent
of total employment in the industry.
2 The term “production andrelatedworkers” asused in this study includes
working foremen and nonsupervisory workers in all departments of auto
dealer establishments except the office and the auto sales department.
3 All workers were considered to be covered by agreements if the terms of
one or more of such agreements applied to a majority in the establishment
studied.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

42
department—greasers, washers, and pickup and
delivery men.
Under a widely used incentive system of wage
payment in the industry, repair department
workers receive a percentage of the labor cost
charged to the customer.4 The customer’s charge
is generally based on a predetermined schedule of
flat-rate hours established for completion of each
type of job. Except for San Francisco-Oakland
and Seattle, where this method of wage payment
was virtually nonexistent, the proportion of
production and related workers compensated on
the flat-rate system ranged from a fifth in New
York City to three-fifths in Detroit, Indianapolis,
Los Angeles-Long Beach, and Memphis. The
flat-rate system was generally confined to auto­
motive mechanics, body repairmen, and painters,
although, as the following tabulation shows,
coverage was sometimes extended to such jobs
as greasers and washers.
Percent of workers in 89 areas
combined, paid under the flatrate system

Body repairmen-------------------------71
Greasers------------------------------------39
Mechanics, automotive, class
A ---------- 72
Mechanics, automotive, class
B ---------- 26
Painters------------------------------------61
Washers------------------------------------13

Although the worker’s share of the customer’s
labor charge varied from shop to shop and from
job to job, the most common portion was 50
percent in most areas. The prevailing share in
Baltimore, Chicago, New York City, and Provi­
dence was 45 percent, and in Dallas, 40 percent.
Provisions for less than 40 or more than 60 percent
were rare.
Other types of incentive wage plans were re­
ported by one or more firms in about half of the
areas. Proportions of workers paid under such
plans were greatest in New York City (9 percent)
and San Francisco-Oakland (8 percent).
Occupational Earnings
Average straight-time hourly earnings for each
of the 8 jobs studied were widely dispersed among
the 29 labor markets, with the highest averages
typically exceeding the lowest by $1 or more.
Maximum interarea wage differences amounted to
about 55 to 65 percent among skilled jobs, 99
percent for greasers, and 142 percent for washers.


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Automotive mechanics assigned to major repair
work (class A) averaged less than $2.25 an hoar
in 4 areas, between $2.25 and $2.75 in 20 areas,
and more than $2.75 in 5 areas; averages for the
job ranged from $2.05 to $3.16 an hour (table 1).
Area averages for body repairmen ranged from
$2.15 to $3.35, for painters from $1.94 to $3.23,
and for service salesmen from $1.87 to $3.03.
The relative earnings position of the 4 jobs just
mentioned varied among the areas; rates for body
repairmen were highest in 14 areas, for painters
in 6, for automotive mechanics in 5, and for service
salesmen in 4 areas. Two of the areas in which
the earnings of service salesmen were highest (San
Francisco-Oakland and Seattle) made little use of
the flat-rate system of wage payment. The aver­
age hourly earnings of greasers and washers in
many areas fell $1 or more below the earnings
level of workers in the 4 skilled jobs. Parts men
and mechanics assigned to minor repair work (class
B) generally occupied a wage position midway
between the comparatively unskilled workers and
those in the higher paying jobs.
Area averages for parts men, service salesmen,
and washers, who in all areas are typically paid
on a time-rate basis, were consistently highest in
San Francisco-Oakland and Seattle. Lowest av­
erages for these jobs were usually reported in
Providence and areas in the South. Wage levels
of automotive mechanics (class A), body repair­
men, and painters were usually highest in Chicago,
Cleveland, and Detroit, with lowest levels in
Providence and some areas in the South. As
stated earlier, workers in these jobs were commonly
paid on the flat-rate system in all areas except
San Francisco-Oakland and Seattle.
Differences between averages for the lowest and
highest paid jobs were greatest in the areas in the
South and least in San Francisco-Oakland and
Seattle. Thus, in the two West Coast cities the
wage differential between car washers and class A
auto mechanics was 26 and 19 percent, respec­
tively; in 5 of the 8 Southern cities this differential
was more than 130 percent, reflecting the less
favorable wage position of unskilled workers in
the South. To illustrate this point further, class
A auto mechanics in Birmingham averaged four* This type of wage payment is commonly referred to in the industry as
the flat-rate system.

EARNINGS IN AUTO DEALER REPAIR SHOPS

43

fifths as much as their counterparts in San Francisco-Oakland ; whereas car washers in Birming­
ham averaged only about two-fifths as much as
similarly employed workers in the West Coast
area.
The highest individual earnings in a given job
and area typically exceeded the lowest earnings
by more than 100 percent. Contributing to this
wide spread in individual earnings were inter­
establishment variations in pay rates and differ­
ences in pay within establishments under the flatrate system. As indicated in table 2, individual
earnings of class A automotive mechanics were
widely distributed in all areas. The variation in
individual earnings was sufficiently great so that
the earnings of some workers in areas with com­
paratively low average earnings exceeded the earn­
ings of some workers in areas with markedly
higher averages.
Incentive workers averaged higher earnings than
time workers in nearly all jobs and areas permit­
ting comparisons. The wage advantage indicated
below for class A mechanics in 10 widely separated
T

able

1.

areas was typical of the earnings relationship for
other jobs in areas where both methods of pay
were used extensively.
Straight-time average
hourly earnings
Time
workers

Atlanta _ ____
Baltimore ___
Boston______
Chicago_______
Detroit________
Louisville______
New York City_
New Orleans___
Portland (Oreg.)_
St. L o u is _____

$1. 75
1. 88
2. 03
2. 53
2. 27
1. 89
2. 37
2. 07
2. 41
2. 36

Excess of incentive
over time earnings

Incentive
workers

$2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

Percent

33
47
58
28
00
25
96
60
58
95

Cents per
hour

33
31
27
30
32
19
25
26
7
25

58
59
55
75
73
36
59
53
17
59

Mechanics paid incentive rates in Atlanta averaged more than mechanics paid time rates in such
high-wage areas as Detroit. It is evident, there­
fore, that the earnings position of workers in a
particular job and area, relative to that of similar
workers in other areas, is partly determined by
the extent to which the incentive system of wage
payment is used.

Average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of men in selected occupations in auto dealer establishments in 29 areas,*
April through August 1958
Area

Northeast:
Boston____ _____________________________ ___
Bridgeport. _ _____________________ _______ _
Buffalo________ __________________ _________
Newark-Jersey C ity_________________ ________
New York City _ ____________________________
Philadelphia___________ __________ ________
Pittsburgh ...
Providence __________ _. ________ _ ________
South:
A tlanta_______ ______
___________________
Baltim ore..__________________________________
Birmingham_____________________ __________
D allasC ________________ _______ ______ ____
Louisville_____ . . . .
...
...
__
Memphis. ____ ______ ____ _____ _______ ___
. . _______________
New Orleans... _______
Richmond_____________ . . . . _______________
N orth Central:
Chicago______ ___ ____ _ ____________________
Cincinnati___________________________________
C leveland________ _______________________
Detroit . ____________ _ __________________
Indianapolis_________________________________
M ilwaukee_ . .
___ _ __________________
Minneapolis-St. Paul___ ___________________
St. Louis __________________________________
West:
Denver
. ____ ____ _ ___________________
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Portland (Oreg.). ____________________________
San Francisco-0akland_______________________
Seattle
- - _______________________________

195S
payroll
period

Body
repair­
men

Mechanics Mechanics
automotive, automotive, Painters
class B
class A

J u l y ....
June___
June___
A ugustM ay___
M ay___
M ay___
June___

$2.27
2.82
2.42
2.32
2.99
2.53
2.51
2.15

$1.40
1.61
1.84
1.51
1.84
1.41
1. 53
1.33

$2.37
2.27
2.40
2.48
2.67
2.71
2.72
2.05

$1.73
1.83
2.08
1.83
2.08
1.81
1.66
1.47

$2.45

July ___
A ugustM ay___
April__
M ay___
M ay___
June___
M ay___

2.52
2.77
2.31
2.55
2.40
2.32
2. 56
2.28

1.59
1.39
1.53
1.38
1.43
1.63
1.43
1.85

2.21
2.40
2.27
2.28
2.23
2.40
2.58
2.24

1.60
1.71
1.78
1.73
1.73
1.58
1.65
1.73

July----July----J u n e __
August—
June___
June___
June___
M ay___

3.31
2. 57
3.08
3.35
2.53
2.62
2.66
2.86

2.33
1.58
2.00
2.29
2.19
2.00
2.13
2.08

3.16
2.42
3.12
2.97
2.49
2.65
2.71
2.83

2.39
1. 71

June___
M ay___
M ay___
M ay___
J u n e __

2.37
2.94
2. 59
2.85
2.73

1.80
2.65
1.83
2.17
2.15

2.44
2. 86
2.52
2.71
2.54

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 The areas included in this study are standard metropolitan areas except:
Newark-Jersey City (Essex, Hudson, and Union Counties, X. J.); New


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Greasers

2.22
1.95
1.87
2.20

1.74

Parts
men

Service
salesmen Washers

2.02

$1.96
1.89
1.67
2.03
2.22
1.79
1.78
1.63

$2.33
2.49
2.54
2.43
2.83
2. 28
2.31
1.99

$1.45
1.59
1.45
1.49
1.64
1.28
1.43
1.18

2.20
2. 51
2.29
1.94
2. 57
2.04
2.43
1.96

1.76
1.60
2. 08
1.93
1.48
1.65
2. 03
1.69

2.14
2.24
2.24
2.30
1.87
2.44
2.33
2.25

.94
1.18
.89
1.04
1.19
.97
1.04
.96

3.12
2.31
2.95
3.23
2.63
2. 91
2.83
2.71

2.10
1.85
2.33
1.94
1.70
2.11
2.04
2.17

2.66
2.16
2.72
2.50
2.16
2. 38
2. 58
2. 55

1.79
1.26
1.83
1.43
1.42
1.65
1.89
1.73

2.63
2.88
2.29
2.77
2.68

1.78
2.12
2.14
2.47
2.36

2.03
2.73
2. 45
3.03
2. 83

1.23
1.40
1.53
2.15
2.13

2.34
2. 41
2.26
2.30

York City (the 5 boroughs); Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Coun­
ties, Pa., and Camden County, N. J.); and Chicago (Cook County, 111.).
N ote: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publica­
tion criteria.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

44
Establishment Practices

ules were in effect. Schedules in excess of 48
hours a week were reported in 17 areas, but applied
to a majority of the workers only in Memphis.

Data were also obtained on work schedules and
selected supplementary benefits, including paid
holidays and vacations, retirement plans, life
insurance, sickness and accident insurance, and
hospitalization and surgical benefits (table 3).

Paid Holidays. The majority of the production
workers in all areas except Indianapolis, Louisville,
Memphis, and Richmond were employed in estab­
lishments providing paid holidays. Among the 25
areas in which holiday provisions were prevalent,
6 days annually was most common in 16 areas;
5 days in Atlanta, Birmingham, Dallas, and San
Francisco-Oakland; 7 days in St. Louis and
Seattle; and 8 or more in New York City and
Providence.

Scheduled Hours. Weekly work schedules of
individual establishments varied considerably at
the time of the study, both among and within
areas. San Francisco-Oakland and Seattle were
the only areas with a uniform workweek—40
hours. In several other areas, nine-tenths or more
of the workers were employed in establishments
with a 40-hour schedule: Cleveland, MinneapolisSt. Paul, New York City, and St. Louis. Weekly
work schedules of 44 hours applied to a majority
(or nearly so) of the workers in Bridgeport,
Chicago, Cincinnati, Dallas, Denver, Detroit,
Indianapolis, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Mil­
waukee, Pittsburgh, and Providence. In the
remaining 12 areas, a wide variety of work sched­

Paid Vacations. Provisions for vacation pay after
qualifying periods of service were virtually uni­
versal in all but 5 areas. For the most part, pay­
ment was determined on the basis of the em­
ployee’s average earnings for a specified length of
time (e. g., 1 week or 2 weeks). For purposes of
this report, payments made on other bases (such
as percentage of annual earnings and flat-sum

T able 2. Percent distribution of men employed as class A automotive mechanics in auto dealer establishments by average

straight-time hourly e a r n in g s 29 areas, April through August 1958

Area

Northeast:
Boston_________________
Bridgeport______________
Buffalo___________ _____
Newark-Jersey City____ _
New York City_________
Philadelphia_______ _____
Pittsburgh______________
Providence______________
South:
A tlanta________________
Baltimore___ ___________
Birmingham____________
Dallas__________________
Louisville______________
Memphis_______________
New O rlean s.__________
Richmond______________
North Central:
Chicago . ______________
Cincinnati_____________
Cleveland....... ............ ........
D etroit... ______________
Indianapolis____________
Milwaukee_____________
Minneapolis-St. Paul____
St. Louis_____ ______ _
West:
Denver____ ______ ____
Los Angeles-Long B each...
Portland (Oreg.) . _____
San Francisco-Oakland___
Seattle...................................

Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of—
Average
Num ­ straightber of
time
$1.60 $1.80 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80
work­ hourly Under and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
ers
earnings 1 $1.60 under under under under under under under under under under under under
$1.80 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00
971
103
599
534
1,125
950
1,008
224

$2.37
2. 27
2.40
2.48
2.67
2. 71
2. 72
2.05

500
610
331
509
296
236
284
307

2.21
2.40
2.27
2.28
2.23
2.40
2.58
2.24

1, 746
505
735
1, 572
' 374
519
672
768

3.16
2.42
3.12
2.97
2.49
2.65
2.71
2.83

371
2,054
358
1,542
'495

2.44
2.86
2. 52
2. 71
2.54

1.6

8.5

1.9

5.3
4.7

.8
3.5
10.3

17.8
20.4
19. 9
21.0
5.3
16.4
12.8
12.5

14.3
35.0
30 9
17.0
26.6
12.4
10.6
9.8

7.4
18.4
10 4
8.8
29. 6
10.7
11.8
6. 3

7.3
2.9
95
9.2
10. 7
8.0
7.1
5. 8

10.0
1.9
7. 3
6.4
7. 7
9.3
8.5
3.1

3.1
1.0
38
5.2
5.1
7.4
10.0
4. 5

2.6
1. 9
2. 8
4.9
4. 5
6.7
7.5
.4

3.7

0.4

1.4

1.2

2.3
6.3
29.0

20.5
18.4
6. 5
12.9
1.6
9.9
4.3
16.5

.5
3.6
1. 2
3.9
6.9

2. 2
1.3
1.9
4.2
2.3
1. 8

.7
.4
.5
3.9
2.8

.2
2.8
5. 2
4.0
5.6

14.6
10.3
6.6
10.6
16.2
4.2
2.8
14.3

10.6
5.6
10.3
4.3
6.4
11.4
2.8
15.6

22.2
12 0
23.3
15.3
14 5
14.8
9.9
15.6

11.4
17. 7
10.6
17.1
16. 2
13.6
12.0
14.7

10.4
97
18.1
15.5
14 9
8.1
17.6
7.2

8.6
97
7.9
12.0
98
14.8
13.0
3.9

6.4
11 5
6^0
10.2
64
10.2
6.7
8.5

6.2
62
7.6
6.9
5.1
9.3
15.8
5.9

1.6
49
4.2
1.8
20
4.2
7.0
5.2

3.0
34
1.2
2.9
14
3.0
4.2
2.9

1.8
43
1.2
1.4
3.0
1.3
1.8
1.3

1.6
30
.6
.2
24
1.7
2.5
1.3

.6

1.0
18
2.1
1.0
17
1.7
2.5
1.6

6.5

4.0
.7
2.3
8.6
1.0

3.3
11.7
1. 6
3.9
10. 2
5.0
1.3

5. 5
18.4
2. 2
7.1
10. 2
9.6
8. 6
7.0

6.6
18.2
3.5
10 0
12. 0
31.2
24. 6
21.7

74
7.3
11 8
14 9
11 2
10.6
14 4
15.5

84
13.1
11 8
11 8
10 4
8.3
13 2
7.9

17. 5
5.7
16 3
14 0
8. 6
8.3
12 4
11.3

10. 7
6.3
13 6
6. 7
8.3
5.6
11 0
7.7

8. 6
1.6
13 2
46
4.8
5.2
7.1
8.1

7.8
2.8
5.0
76
3 2
3.3
3.6
8.6

4.4
.2
71
17
1.1
5.8
1. 2
16

7. 5
4.0
3.1

15 9
13.5
6.1

12 7
14.6
37. 2

20 2
7.0
27 1
21. 9
94.9

10 2
12.8
11 5
61. 8
5.1

49
12. 7
3.4
13.4

73
10. 9
61
1. 6

5.4
5.0
25
.2

1. 1
6.8
14
.6

.5
4.9
.6

7. 5
.8

1.1

10.5

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$4.00
and
over

.3
.8
1.7
1.4
2.0
5.1
1.2
3.5
22
2.5
2.4
2.0

14 8
3.0
95
13 1
40
2.9
1. 5
6.6

1.6
.6
.2

27
6.3
6
.4

45

EARNINGS IN AUTO DEALER REPAIR SHOPS
T able 3.

Percent of production and related workers employed in auto dealer establishments with formal provisions for
selected supplementary wage benefits1 in 29 areas, April through August 1958

After 1 year of service

After 5 years of service

1
Total 4 week

2
weeks

2
1
T otal4 week weeks

100
100
95
100
100
100
94
100

42
44
80
87
72
95
85
87

57
56
15
13
28
5
9
12

100
100
95
100
100
100
98
100

84
91
100
100
96
100
75
100

56
77
75
85
78
88
49
94

28
11
25
15
18
12
26
6

100
94
100
97
94
100
100
100

96
87
100
60
89
93
98
100

4
8

100

89

96
100
100
100

50
82
97
100

Area

Northeast:
Boston_______________
Bridgeport..—-.......... —
Buffalo______________
Newark-Jersey C ity___
New York City_______
Philadelphia....................
Pittsburgh.......................
Providence_______ ____
South:
Atlanta............................
Baltimore____________
Birmingham__________
Dallas...............................
Louisville_____ ____—
Memphis____________
New Orleans...................
Richmond____________
North Central:
Chicago............................
Cincinnati___________
Cleveland....... ................
Detroit______________
Indianapolis__________
Milwaukee___________
Minneapolis-St. Paul__
St. Louis..........................
West:
Denver.............................
Los A n g e le s -L o n g
Beach______________
Portland (Oreg.)______
San Francisco-Oakland.
Seattle_____ _________

Acci­
dental
death
Less
More Life
than insur­ and dis­
T o ta l3 than
6
6
days
6
ance member­
ment
days
days
insur­
ance

24
27
64

99
93
86
92
93
76
65
36

100
93
91
100
100
100
88
100

88
91
100
100
96
100
75
100

34
36
17
39
33
9
38
60

54
52
83
58
63
91
37
30

84
93
93
96
20
32
72
46

100
94
100
97
100
100
100
100

1
21
5
22
28

99
69
95
68
72
92
96
100

100
65
100
86
35
95
100
100

11

100

33

67

91

91

3
18
3

96
100
100
100

18
6

47
94
100
100

87
53
60
100

86
44
1

33
5
7
2

Health, insurance, and pension plans 3

Paid full-day holidays

Paid vacations2

7
9
8

4

10
80
93
93
5
32
2
5

3

58

73

27
93
91
62
12
92
74
12

38
88
8
14
78

4
90

3

3
16
66
41
100
65
100
82
35
92
100
9

4

3

91
2
9
100

Sick­
ness
and
acci­
dent

Hospi­
taliza­
tion

Sur­
gical

62
78
64
69
85
53
52
54

25
58
26
62
79
27
16
11

59
72
19
43
74
41
22
11

69
59
48
36
94
66
58
61

69
59
56
31
94
25
47
37

84
71
85
55
36
38
67
79

49
65
85
42
17
38
36
61

19
66
85
21
17
38
12
61

78
84
74
65
41
38
44
66

78
66
74
65
31
38
44
66

91
52
83
69
60
58
100
100

88
26
64
38
41
30
94
100

92
18
66
52
27
34
94
100

95
42
72
89
63
68
98
100

95
31
56
89
40
68
98
100

78

46

40

51

51

89
88
100
100

80
44
100
100

64
52
100

87
86
100
100

84
86
100
100

Retire­
ment
pen­
sion

2
9
4
78
12
3
6
10

4
21
3
2
3
3
4

2
4
39
100

1
If formal provisions for supplementary benefits in an establishment were
applicable to half or more of the workers, the benefit was considered appli­
cable to all workers. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility
requirements, the proportion of workers currently receiving the benefits
may be smaller than estimated.
3
Vacation benefits such as percentage of annual earnings and flat-sum
amounts were converted to an equivalent time basis. The periods of service
shown do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions.

Thus the changes indicated at 5 years may include changes occurring
between 1 and 5 years.
3 Includes only those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne
by the employer and excludes legally required plans such as workmen’s
compensation and social security.
4 Includes provisions in addition to those shown separately.
5 Because of rounding, sums of individual items m ay not equal totals.

amounts) have been converted to an equivalent
time basis. The majority of the workers in 27 of
the 29 areas were in establishments providing a
week’s vacation after 1 year of service; in Boston
and Bridgeport, provisions for 2 weeks were most
common. Provisions for 2 weeks’ vacations after
5 years of service were common in all areas except
New Orleans, Providence, and Richmond, where
a week’s vacation was most prevalent. Cleveland,
Minneapolis-St. Paul, and San Francisco-Oakland
were the only areas in which provisions for 3 weeks’
vacation were common. Approximately threefourths of the workers in Cleveland and San Fran­
cisco-Oakland, and half in Minneapolis-St. Paul
were employed by establishments providing 3
weeks’ vacation pay after 15 years of service.

Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans. The ma­
jority of the workers in all areas except Louisville
and Memphis were in establishments providing all
or part of the cost of some type of health or in­
surance plan. Life insurance, hospitalization, and
surgical plans were the most prevalent types. Acci­
dental death and dismemberment, sickness and
accident, and medical insurance plans were also
reported frequently. Catastrophe insurance and
provisions for paid sick leave were not common.
Provisions for retirement pensions other than
benefits available under Federal old age, survivors,
and disability insurance were common only in New
York City and Seattle, being virtually nonexistent
in most other areas.
— H a r r y F. B on f i l s


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Division of Wages and Industrial Relations

46

Work Injuries
in the United States, 1957
in 1957 continued the gen­
eral decline which has been evident in recent years,
according to estimates of the U. S. Department
of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. Although
the 1957 declines were small in many instances,
they were widespread throughout most industry
classifications, and new record lows were estab­
lished for many industries. Over the 5-year period
since 1952 improvements in injury rates have
been quite marked, with a decrease of 20 percent
in the average injury-frequency rate for manu­
facturing, but somewhat less improvement for
most nonmanufacturing classifications.
W ork - in ju r y rates

Frequency of Injury
The all-manufacturing injury-frequency rate 1
for 1957 was 11.4 disabling injuries per million
employee-hours worked—the lowest rate recorded
in the series. Among the various industry groups,
the greatest absolute decreases were shown by the
stone, clay, and glass group (from 18.0 in 1956
to 16.5 in 1957), and primary metals (from 12.3
to 10.9). Of the 162 individual industry classifi­
cations 2 for which comparable data were avail­
able, 50 showed decreases of 1 full point or more
and 96 reported changes of less than 1 point; only
16 reported significant increases over 1956.
Although the general level of injury-frequency
rates has improved only slightly each year, the
cumulative effect over the past 5 years has been
quite marked. In manufacturing, decreases be­
tween 1952 and 1957 were fairly well distributed
among industries at different rate levels, though
the largest proportion was among industries with
the highest rates (25 and over in 1952). As a
result of these downward shifts, the 1957 indus­
try listing showed only 14 individual manufactur­
ing industries with injury-frequency rates of 25
or higher compared with 24 in 1952. At the other
end of the scale, the number of industries with
frequency rates of less than 5 rose from 9 in 1952
to 18 in 1957.
The 10 manufacturing industries which achieved
the lowest injury records in 1957, together with
their 1952 rates are shown above.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959
Injury-frequency rates
1957

Explosives________________________
Radio tubes_______________________
Synthetic rubber__________________
Miscellaneous communication equip­
ment___________________________
Aircraft__________________________
Synthetic fibers___________________
Electric lamps (bulbs)_____________
Tires and inner tubes______________
Miscellaneous industrial organic
chemicals_______________________
Cement___________________________

1952,

1. 8
2. 0
2. 2

3.4
4.5
3.3

2.
2:
3.
3.
3.

6
7
0
1
2

3.2
3.7
1.6
3.9
5.6

3. 7
3. 8

7.0
6.0

Among the nonmanufacturing activities for
which data were available, improvement in in­
jury rates was less marked and less general than
it was among the manufacturing classifications.
The injury-frequency rates for most mining ac­
tivities showed encouraging improvement between
1956 and 1957, led by a decrease of 12 percent for
metal mines. In contract construction, the aver­
age injury-frequency rate decreased negligibly
between 1956 and 1957, but was 5 points lower
than the 1952 rate. Over the 5-year period from
1952, highway and street construction recorded
the largest decrease, from 46.0 to 34.8, or 24
percent.
The average injury-frequency rate for whole­
sale and retail trade decreased 5 percent between
1956 and 1957; however, the rate of 11.9 was above
the average for all manufacturing. Over the 5year period since 1952, the rates for trade showed
only minor fluctuations and little consistent
improvement.
Injury rates were available for only a limited list
of individual industries in the transportation,
utility, finance, and service groups. Most of those
in the transportation and utilities group showed
little change or modest decreases between 1956 and
1957. The rate for telephone communication re­
mained the same, but was the lowest achieved by
any industry in the survey—0.8. The rates for
banks and insurance companies were also low—2.2
for each industry, about the same as in previous
years. The majority of the service industries
showed little change or minor increases between
1956 and 1957 and few significant changes over the
5-year period from 1952.
1 For definitions, see footnote 2 of accompanying table.
2 Annual rates for individual industries are published in BLS press reiease
dated December 4, 1958, which is available upon request. The Bureau also
publishes quarterly and monthly injury-frequency rates for selected manu­
facturing industries in releases and in table G-l of the Current Labor Statis­
tics section of the M onthly Labor Review.

47

WORK INJURIES IN 1957

ment, and 13.0 for the Department of the Interior.
These high rates were accounted for by the rela­
tively high-hazard types of activities involved.
Among the State and local government activities
for which data were available, the highest 1957
rate was 53.6—for sanitation departments (gar­
bage and refuse collection and disposal and street

The average injury-frequency rate of 8.3 for all
Federal civilian employees in 1957 was slightly
higher than that for any of the previous 5 years.
The rates for most departments and offices, how­
ever, varied by only a fraction of a point from year
to year. The highest rates among the Federal de­
partments were 17.2 for the Post Office Depart­

Injury rates for selected manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, 1957
Average days of disability
per case 3

Injury rates 2

Industry group and industry

M anufacturing.. _________________________
Ordnance and accessories. --------------------Food and kindred products--------------------Tobacco manufactures---------------------------Textile-mill products-----------------------------Apparel and other finished textile products.
Lumber and wood products (except furniFurniture and fixtures__________________
Paper and allied products----------------------Printing, publishing, and allied industries..
Chemicals and allied products...... .................
Products of petroleum and coal.....................
Rubber products. _____________________
Leather and leather products........ ................
Stone, clay, and glass products----------------Primary metal industries-----------------------Fabricated metal products.............. ...............
Machinery (except electrical).........................
Electrical machinery-------------- - ............. .
Transportation equipment---------------------Instruments and related products------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.......
M ining:6
Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction.
Metal mines_______________ __________
Ore dressing (mills and auxiliaries)-----------Nonmetal mines 8______________________
Nonmetal mills 8______________________
Quarries_______________ __________ —
Contract construction______________________
General building contractors.........................
Highway and street construction-------------Heavy construction, except highway and
Special-trade contractors.......... ........ ..........—
Transportation and public utilities:
Local and interurban railways and buslines10.
Trucking and warehousing---------------------Telephone communications--------------------Electric and gas utilities 10...................... ......
Water supply utilities 10-------------------------Wholesale and retail trade---------------------------Wholesale trade________________________
Lumber and other building materials dealers.
Retail’food (except dairy products)----------Wholesale and retail dairy products...........—
Automotive dealers and gasoline service
stations_____________________________
Retail apparel and accessories-----------------Eating and drinking places--------------- -----Miscellaneous retail stores----------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Banks and other financial agencies..............
Insurance----------------- ------ -------------------Services:
Laundries and dry cleaning--------------------Miscellaneous business services---------------Automobile repair shops and garages--------Miscellaneous repair services--------- ---------Radio broadcasting and television------ -----Motion picture and other amusements.. .
Hospitals 10-----------------------------------------Colleges 10........................................... - ...........
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Number Number of
of report­ employees
ing units reported 1

48, 648
80
6,763
137
2,809
5,119
3,686
1,686
1,782
3, 514
2,638
390
355
1,099
2,052
2,059
4,372
4, 528
1,602
1,241
708
2,028

Frequency

Severity, All
1957 3 cases

Perma­
nentpartial
impair­
ment

Percent of disabling
injuries resulting in 3—

Perma­
Tempo­
rarynent
total Death impair­
ment
disa­
bility

Tempo­
rarytotal
disa­
bility

1957

1956

1952

11.4
4.2
18.7
7.0
9.8
6.3

12.0
5.1
19.0
7.2
9.9
6.4

14.3
6.4
20.2
7.3
10.3
7.8

754
322
929
307
582
139

66
67
49
45
57
22

384
305
364
327
451
385

19
17
16
15
21
14

0.4
.5
.3
.2
.2
(5)

<6.7
7.0
4.0
6.6
5.8
1.8

92.9
92.5
95.7
93.2
94.0
98.2

224,344 37.9
190,621 17.6
400,185 12.4
9.2
384,243
520,954
7.7
192, 739 5.7
191,801
7.0
207,909 11.7
309,682 16.5
1,000,646 10.9
678,670 14.9
1,186, 250 10.9
864, 505 4.8
1,643, 577 5.6
5.8
240, 782
209, 564 13.1

38.9
17.7
13.1
9.2
8.1
6.1
7.1
11.8
18.0
12.3
15.7
11.8
5.2
5.6
5.7
12.5

49.6
20.9
15.1
9.4
10.1
8.5
8.6
12.6
19.3
15.5
18.1
14.2
7.0
7.5
7.3
13.4

3, 228
805
776
365
784
733
502
530
1,449
1,130
992
598
297
479
319
633

81
46
53
39
86
131
62
44
75
111
67
51
59
93
49
43

545
342
422
381
527
519
403
373
492
400
387
290
301
357
259
356

18
17
20
15
17
28
24
17
18
24
17
19
18
23
17
15

.5
(3)
,i
.1
.7
1.6
.1
.2
.5
.8
.3
.1
.2
.6
.1
(5)

6.1
8.1
6.7
4.3
5. 2
6.2
8.9
5.0
4.8
8.6
8. 5
8.2
9. 7
9.3
9.4
6. 7

93.4
91.9
93.2
95.6
94.1
92.2
91.0
94.8
94.7
90. 6
91.2
91.7
90.1
90.1
90.5
93.3

2.7
21 8 1.1
1.4
23
22
.6
1.1
27
.7
20
(7)
Q)
.9
18
.4
17
i.i
17

(7)
5.4
5.0
6.7
4. 7
3.1
(7)
3.0
2.7
3.9

(7)
93.5
93.6
92.7
94.2
96.2
(7)
96.1
96.9
95.0

10,432,455
79, 293
745,581
52,932
633,084
475,093

2,264
1,591
406
2,700
1,093
2,449
5,096
1,577
539

249,425
156,117
63,363
18, 946
26,301
29,367
47,755
230,731
71,339
35,595

44.2
16.4
33.0
15.0
26.9
23.0
36.9
30.3
32.4
34.8

46.7
17.1
37.5
15.2
29.7
19.6
33.5
31.2
34.5
34.2

51.6
22.3
42.9
20.7
40.9
42.9
36.0
35.3
38.1
46.0

(7)
1,927
4,681
1,570
3,626
1,884
(7)
2, 521
1,953
4,150

(7)
118
144
105
135
82
(7)
95
56
119

(7)
596
621
599
770
537
(7)
675
540
774

302
2,678

45,225
78, 572

26.6
28.9

30.9
28.1

29.8
32.2

4,414
2,139

166
82

793
642

23
18

1.9
.7

3. 5
2.4

94.6
96.9

248
1,499
75
449
138
12, 868
3, 550
1,004
976
615
1,169

64, 579
52,998
680,870
413,156
6,944
705,680
160,378
25,639
253,095
41,886
80,703

11.9
30.5
.8
6.5
23.5
11.9
12.9
23.4
6.3
15.5
20.5

11.7
30.2
.8
7.2
27.2
12.5
14.3
25.3
6.3
13.6
21.1

(7)
36.1
1.6
(7)
(7)
12.4
14.4
26.8
6.6
14.7
23.1

771
1,461
60
1,099
(7)
470
618
1,349
175
366
995

65
47
77
177
(7)
42
49
56
29
25
49

419
526
317
648
(7)
514
428
484
633
401
584

24
17
27
24

.4
.3
.6
2.0
(7)
.3
.4
.4
.3

3.7
2.3
2.9
4.8
(7)
2. 4
2.9
3.8
2. 2
1.3
2. 6

95.9
97.4
96. 5
93.2
(7)
97.3
96.7
95.8
97.8
98.7
97.1

541
(7)
451
411

39
(7)
46
35

759
(7)
256
407

(7)

16
11

.2
(7)
.4
.3

1.6
(7)
1.7
1. 9

98.2
(7)
97.9
97.8

(7)

38

(7)
.4

(7)

1.9

(7)
97.7

.3
.6
(7)
.4
(7)
(7)
.2
.2 1

1.7
3.0
3.3
(7)
4.0
(0
(7)
2.3
7.0

98.3
96.7
96.1
(7)
95. 6
(7)
(7)
97. 5
92.8

2,034
674
898
1,948

50,876
26,158
22,093
44,852

14.0
4.3
9.8
11.7

15.3
3.9
10.5
12.4

14.1
3.8
10.2
13.2

1,062
481

89,312
115,199

2.2
2.2

2.5
2.5

2.0
1.9

(7)
156

(7)
70

(7)
422

356
2.134
595
597
421
385
410
803
82

35,234
87,428
58,367
9,940
16,107
28,735
21,003
155, 045
44,451

12.9 11.9
8.4
7.9
6.2
6.1
17.5 14.9
20.0 21.7
5.0
3.7
9.1
7.6
8.2
7.5
7.9 1 7.8

14.4
8.7
11.6
17.5
(7)
4.0
9.9
(7)
(7)

376
437
410
(7)
1,145
(7)
(7)
394
392

29
55
66
(7)
60
(7)
(7)
48
49

912
446
486
(7)
679
(7)
(7)
828
324

o

(7)

14
14
15
15
15
14
12

14
19
15
o
o
o

12
15
18

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

48

Injury rates for selected manufacturing and nonmanuf acluring industries, 1957—Continued
Injury rates 2
Industry group and industry

Number Number of
of report­ employees
ing units reported 1

Frequency
1957

Government, State and local:
Local transit systems...... ...............................
Electric and gas utilities________________
Water supply utilities______ _____ _____
Sanitation departments_________________
Sewer departments_____________________
Elementary and secondary schools________
Colleges_____________ _____ ___________
Hospitals_____________________________
Local fire protection____________________
Police___ _____ ____________ __________
Government, Federal: All establishments 12.......
Department of State________________ _
Department of Treasury________________
Department of Army__ ________________
Department of N avy_____________ _____
Department of Air Force________________
Post Office Department_________________
Department of Justice__________________
Department of the Interior______________
Department of Agriculture___ ___________
Department of Com m erce................ ..........
Department of Labor___________________
Department of Health, Education, and Wel­
fare_________________________________
Atomic Energy Commission_____________
General Accounting Office_______________
General Services Administration_________
Government Printing Office________ _____
Housing and Home Finance Agency______
National Advisory Committee for Aero­
nautics_____________________________
Selective Service System............ ................
Tennessee Valley Authority.........................
Veterans Administration________ _______

Average days of disability
per case3

1956

1952

Severity, All
1957 3 cases

Perma­
nentpartial
impair­
ment

Percent of disabling
injuries resulting in 3—

Tempo­
Perma­
rarynent
total Death impair­
disa­
ment
bility

Tempo­
rarytotal
disa­
bility

*
7
166
406
167
109
171
37
319
206
206

65,200 16.1 14.8
27,454 17.5 16.8
30,336 21.0 22.7
14,474 53.6 H51.2
5,506 27.3 32.9
92, 718 9.7
8.8
8.4
51,029
7.1
85, 990 12.6 11.9
33, 266 26.4 27.1
28,122 28.8 27.2
2,419, 502
8.3
8.0
2.2
33, 763
2.0
79,816
4.7
4.8
423,390
5.2
5.1
383,845
3.7
3.7
336, 555
6.5
5.9
553,961 17.2 17.8
4.3
30, 708 4.3
51, 673 13.0 13.7
9.1
88,341
7.5
50,147
6.5
6.0
5,892
3.4
3.6

0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0)
(1)
34.7
33.2
8.0
2.2
5.5
7.6
4.0
7.4
12.8
4.3
14.1
9.0
5.7
2.4

1,242
1,674
1,623
1,647
0
159
353
906
1,810
1,764
529
354
383
599
518
532
494
581
1,056
647
516
1,309

77
91
77
31
0
17
50
74
79
68
64
181
82
117
142
82
29
136
81
86
79
365

562
540
540
1,038
0
695
785
1,371
1,201
1,415
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

19
14
14
12
0

52,157
6,809
5,436
27,121
6,455
9, 856

4.3
2.8
2.0
9.2
7.5
3.7

4.2
2.8
1.7
9.3
5.3
4.0

3.5
4.2
2.2
12.9
3.5
7.6

198
476
29
515
418
94

46
173
14
56
56
26

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

7,809
6,656
15,223
175,871

2.1
1.7
7.6
6.8

3.1
1.3
6.4
7.1

10.1
1.6
7.4
9.0

88
31
1,979
400

42
18
260
59

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

11
11
16
18
19

0.7
.9
.8
.1
0

0

.4
.1
.4
.4
.4
2.2
.8
1.0
.9
.4
.1
1.1
.6
.7
.6
2.3

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7()
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

2.6
.4

1.7
.2

1.9
2.1
1.8
1.2
.9
1.5
3.4
2.1
1.5

97.4
97.0
97.4
98.7
0

99.1
98.1
96.5
97.5
98.1

1 D ata were obtained by mail questionnaires sent to employers in each
industry. The figures shown are the total number of employees in the
reporting establishments. The data reported relate to all classes of em­
ployees—production, operating, and related workers; construction workers;
sales, service, and delivery workers; technical and professional; office and
clerical; administrative and supervisory, and all other personnel. Self-em­
ployed persons, however, were not included. Rates designated as having
been compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior,
include the experience of workers engaged in production, development,
maintenance and repair work, and supervisory and technical personnel
at the operation, but exclude office personnel and employees in stores or
affiliated operations not directly connected with mining or refining opera­
tions. Working proprietors were included. Mining data include Alaska
as well as the other States. Data for Federal Government establishments
were compiled from records of the Bureau of Employees’ Compensation
and represent the experience of all Federal civilian employees.
2 These data were compiled according to the American Standard Method
of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by the
American Standards Association in 1954.
The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries
for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a)
results in death or in permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the in­
jured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job
which is open and available to him throughout the hours corresponding to
his regular shift on any 1 or more days after the day of injury (including
Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns). The term “injury” includes
occupational disease.

The severity rate is the average number of days of disability resulting
from work injuries, for each million employee-hours worked. The com­
putation of days of disability include standard time charges for deaths and
permanent impairments—6,000 days for deaths and permanent-total im­
pairments and variable charges for permanent-partial impairments based on
estimated proportional loss of working efficiency.
Injury rates for the manufacturing groups and for the construction and
trade divisions were computed from the rates of component individual
industries, applying weights based on estimated total employment in each
industry. In some nonmanufacturing divisions, data were not available for
all industries; therefore, the division averages were not computed.
3 Based on reports which furnished details regarding nature of injury and
days of disability.
4 Permanent-total impairments, included in this figure, amounted to only
0.04 percent of all disabling injuries reported.
8 Less than 0.05.
6 Compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior;
1957 data are preliminary; 1956 final.
7 Not available, or insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
8 Includes permanent-total impairments.
8 Data for 1956 and earlier years do not include clay or sand and gravel.
10 Publicly owned and operated utilities or facilities are shown separately
under “ Government, State and local.”
11 Revised.
22 Compiled by the Bureau of Employees’ Compensation, TJ. S. Depart­
ment of Labor. Total includes data for agencies not shown separately.

cleaning). The injury rates for publicly owned and
operated local transit systems and electric and gas
utilities were higher than those for similar utilities
under private operation. The rates for privately
and publicly operated water supply utilities, how­
ever, did not differ greatly, neither did the rates for
private and public colleges. On the other hand,
the rate for State, city, and other local government
hospitals was 12.6 compared with 8.2 for privately
operated hospitals.

Injury Severity


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Workers injured in manufacturing industries
during 1957 were disabled for an average of 66
days, compared with 59 days in 1956. This high
average for 1957 was due primarily to a slightly
higher proportion of deaths and permanent impair­
ments. Four out of every 1,000 disabling injuries
resulted in death and 67 resulted in some perma­
nent physical impairment. In the remaining 92.9

49

WORK INJURIES IN 1957

percent of the cases reported, the injured workers
were unable to work at a regular job for at least 1
full calendar day after the day of injury, but there
were no permanent ill-effects. Of these temporary
cases, 35 percent involved only 1 to 3 days of dis­
ability each. The average for all temporary cases
in manufacturing industries was 19 days. The
average time charge for permanent-partial impair­
ments in manufacturing was 384 days per case.
The resulting standard severity rate for manufac­
turing was 754 days of disability due to injuries for
each million employee-hours worked during 1957,
compared with 712 in 1956 and 763 in 1955.
Among the various manufacturing groups, the
products of petroleum and coal industries reported
the highest average days of disability per case—
131. This high average was due to the large pro­
portion of deaths (1.6 percent) resulting from in­
juries in this group. Moreover, the reported tem­
porary injuries involved longer periods of dis­
ability (averaging 28 days per case, compared with
19 for manufacturing generally). The relatively
low injury-frequency rate for this group (5.7),
however, held the standard severity rate to a
moderate level—733.
Again, as in previous years, the highest injury
severity rate for any manufacturing group was
associated with both a high frequency rate and a
high average of days of disability. The lumber
and wood products group reported a severity rate
of 3,228 for 1957, with a frequency rate of 37.9 and
an average of 81 days per case. The lowest
severity rate among the manufacturing groups was
139—for apparel and other finished textile prod­
ucts. In this group, very few deaths or perma­
nent impairments were reported and the days of
disability averaged only 22 per case; the frequency
rate (6.3) was among the lowest.
Individual manufacturing industries showing
some of the highest injury-severity rates for 1957,
together with their accompanying frequency rates
and averaged days per case, are listed as follows:
Seventy
rates

Logging._ ------------------ - - S a w m ills__ ___
Saw and planing mills, inte­
grated _ _ _ _ _
Grain-mill products_____ __
Miscellaneous wood products.


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Injuryfrequency
rates

Average
days of
disability
per case

6, 565
3, 407

62. 3
45. 0

114
75

2, 634
2, 480
2, 448

39. 9
15. 4
28. 8

67
148
71

Severity
rates

Concrete, gypsum, and min­
_____
eral wool _ _
Shipbuilding and repairing__
Structural clay products__
Millwork and structural wood
products. ______
___
Wooden containers _ _ _ _ _
Structural steel and orna­
mental metalwork _
__
Metal doors, sash, frame, and
trim ______ __
_ _
G r a y -ir o n and m a lle a b le
foundries____
____
Vegetable and animal oils and
fats_ _ _____ __
—
Beet sugar__ _

Injuryfrequency
rates

Average
days of
disability
per case

2, 124
2, 096
1, 957

22. 4
17. 3
32. 2

82
106
57

1, 929
1, 877

21. 8
28. 4

87
60

1, 812

21. 6

75

1, 690

15. 9

103

1, 687

25. 1

66

1, 609
1, 582

24. 5
33. 2

55
48

Among the nonmanufacturing classifications for
which sufficient data were available to provide
reliable averages, the highest severity rates were
found associated either with high-frequency rates
or with high average days of disability or both.
Following are some of the more outstanding rates:
Injuryfrequency
rates

Average
days of
disability
per case

9, 326
8, 258

66. 1
56. 2

141
147

6, 653

50. 8

131

6, 309
4, 746

31. 0
32. 0

203
148

4, 705

31. 6

149

4, 414

26. 6

166

4, 150
3, 626

34. 8
26. 9

119
135

Severity
rates

Anthracite mining__________
Lead-zinc mining___________
Drilling, crude petroleum, and
natural gas______________
Structural steel erection and
ornamental ironwork_____
Copper mining_____________
Masonry, stonework, tile set­
ting, and plastering______
Heavy construction, except
highway and street_______
Highway and street construc­
tion_____________________
Nonmetal mines___________

In each of the preceding industries, the proportion
of deaths was relatively high. The average time
charge for permanent impairments also tended to
be higher than for manufacturing industries,
indicating a higher proportion of the more serious
permanent impairments involving arms, legs,
and the whole body.
One of the lowest injury-severity rates was re­
ported for telephone communications—60—due
primarily to the low frequency of injuries in that
industry. The injuries which did occur, how­
ever, were just as serious as those in most other
industries and averaged 77 days of disability per
case.
— R

obert

S. B ark er

and

F rances

M. S mith

Division of Industrial Hazards

T e c h n ic a l N o te

The Calculation and Uses
of the Spendable Earnings Series*
U ntil the ex t e n sio n of Federal income tax
liability to the majority of wage earners in 1943,
the amount of weekly pay earned was a satisfactory
measure of the amount available for spending.
Prior to that time, the only uniform nationwide
deduction from gross weekly pay had been the
social security tax which became effective on
January 1, 1937. With the rise in the average
level of earnings over the past several years, the
workers’ “take home pay” has become significantly
less than the amount earned because of payroll
deductions for income and social security taxes.
To provide a measure of trend of spendable
income, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has de­
veloped series of spendable weekly earnings—
average money earnings after deductions for
Federal income and old-age, survivors and disa­
bility insurance (OASDI) taxes. Spendable week­
ly earnings of production workers in both mining
and manufacturing, and construction workers in
contract construction are calculated each month
as a part of the Bureau’s program on hours and
earnings statistics. Since changes in consumer
prices directly affect the purchasing power of the
worker, the Bureau also computes spendable earn­
ings in constant (1947-49) dollars. Conversion
of the earnings into 1947-49 dollars indicates the
approximate value of the goods and services which
could have been purchased with current earnings
at average prices for the 3 years 1947-49.
This note is intended to present a description
of the uses, computation methods, and concept
of the series, in order to help users of BLS earnings
statistics make more effective and appropriate
use of its data. It also presents the formulas
used in deriving the series, so that readers may
compute comparable figures for industrial group­
ings not published by the BLS. The formulas
50


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reflect changes in both the income tax and social
security laws since 1939, when the series begin.1
The latest change occurred on January 1, 1959,
when the social security tax deduction was again
increased—from 2.25 percent on the first $4,200
of gross annual earnings to 2.5 percent on the
first $4,800. This deduction will, unless the law
is changed, continue until the end of this year,
when the rate is due to become 3 percent on the
first $4,800. This rate and the taxable base are
scheduled to be in effect through December 1962.
Spendable earnings are derived from gross
earnings, which measure only regularly recurring
payments to workers and therefore exclude ir­
regular bonuses, retroactive pay, and employers’
contributions for welfare benefits.2 In addition,
the spendable earnings series do not take account
of all deductions from pay but only of the most
important personal taxes for which deductions
are made at standard rates nationwide. Because
of wide variations in tax laws, State and city
income taxes and employee contributions for
other State and local programs cannot be deducted
from average earnings on a national basis. (In­
dividual States, however, could develop their own
formulas for statewide deductions.) Payments
for union dues, like taxes, also reduce the amounts
received in pay envelopes but are not subtracted
from gross earnings because deductions are not
uniform. Group insurance premiums and other
pay deductions for welfare programs are generally
classified as consumption expenditures or personal
savings and would not be deducted even if the
necessary data were available.
Since the amount of tax liability depends on
the number of dependents supported by the worker
and his marital status as well as on the level of
»Prepared in the Division of Manpower and Employment Statisticsi
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The manufacturing series starts with 1939, those for mining and con­
struction with 1947.
2 See Technical Note on Hours and Earnings in Nonagricultural Industries
(in M onthly Labor Review, April 1954, pp. 427-431).

CALCULATION OF THE SPENDABLE EARNINGS SERIES

his gross income, it would be somewhat unrealistic
to speak of an average amount of income tax per
wage earner. It has seemed preferable to compute
the tax liability for 2 groups of income receivers,
a single person with no dependents and a worker
who is the sole support of an adult and 2 children.
Income from the earnings of other family members
and from such sources as rent, dividends, and
pensions are excluded.
Method of Computation
To prepare the spendable earnings series with
a minimum of effort, a short-cut computation
method was devised. This is a substitute for the
direct application to gross earnings of the appropri­
ate deductions, exemptions, and rates shown on
the instructions accompanying Federal income
tax forms; it also provides a means of deducting
simultaneously for the old-age and survivors
insurance tax. Both deductions from weekly
earnings are made in a single operation. The
same short-cut method can be used to adjust the
weekly earnings figures for other industries for
which gross earnings data are prepared by the
Bureau.
The formulas used for the worker with no
dependents and the one with 3 dependents are
shown for the years 1939 to 1962 in the accom­
panying table. To compute the spendable earn­
ings for a given industry, the gross weekly earn­
ings figure for that industry is substituted for
X in the formula for the appropriate earnings
interval and the indicated arithmetic operations
are worked out.
Spendable earnings in 1947-49 dollars are com­
puted by dividing the BBS Consumer Price Index
into spendable earnings in current dollars. The
CPI reflects changes in prices of goods and services
usually bought by urban wage-earner and clericalworker families.
Derivation of the Formulas
The procedures followed in deriving spendable
earnings in 1959 for a worker with three depend­
ents will illustrate the derivation of formulas for
computing the series. Substantially the same
procedure is used in deriving the formulas for
other dependency groups and for other years.


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51

The deductions specified for Federal income and
OASDI taxes are those expected to be in effect
during 1959, barring legislative changes. For
income taxes, the bases of the formulas are the
normal and surtax rates and the personal exemp­
tions stipulated on the In lividual Income Tax
Return (Internal Revenue Form 1040), known as
the “long” form. A standard deduction of 10
percent of gross income, covering such items as
medical care, taxes, and contributions, is used.
The Federal old-age and survivors insurance tax
of 2.5 percent of the first $4,800 of gross annual
earnings is also taken into account in the formulas.
Because a worker with 3 dependents is allowed
a total exemption of $2,400 ($600 for himself and
for each dependent) and a standard deduction of
10 percent of gross income, he does not pay in­
come taxes until he has earned more than $2,666.67
per year, or the equivalent of $51.28 per week.
Taking account of the 2.5-percent OASDI tax,
spendable average weekly earnings for the worker
whose income is $51.28 per week or less would
therefore be equal to X—0.025X or 0.975X where
X equals gross average weekly earnings.
Because the tax law allows married couples to
split their income evenly for tax purposes, the
married worker with 3 dependents is taxed at
the lowest rate (20 percent combined normal and
surtax) on the first $4,000 of net income subject
to tax (gross income less exemptions and the
standard 10-percent deduction). On a gross
income basis, the limits are $2,666.68 and
$7,111.11 a year, or $51.29 and $136.75 a week.
If Y equals gross annual income and 0.1Y equals
the 10-percent standard deduction, then 0.9Y—
$2,400 (for 4 exemptions) equals net income
subject to income tax. At the 20-percent income
tax rate applicable in this bracket, the annual
income tax would be 0.2 (0.9Y—$2,400) or
0.18Y—$480. The weekly tax equivalent (the
annual tax liability divided bj^ 52) equals 0.18X—
$9.23, where X equals the gross weekly earnings.
Since the maximum annual amount of OASDI
tax is $120, based on the first $4,800 of earnings,
it is necessary to set up 2 formulas for w o r k e r s
with 3 dependents whose net income is subject
to the 20-percent income tax rate. For workers
in the first group, with gross annual income from
$2,666.68 to $4,800, or $51.29 to $92.31 a week,
the OASDI tax is 2.5 percent on total earnings

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

52

Spendable average weekly earnings formulas, 1989-62
Worker with no dependents
Period

Gross average weekly
earnings

January 1939-December 1939__________________________
January 1940-December 1940__________________________
January 1941-December 1941__________________________
January 1942-December 1942_______________ __________

January 1943-December 1943__________________________

January 1944-December 1945__________________________
January 1946-December 1947________ ____ _____________
January 1948-December 1949__________________________
January 1950-September 1950_________________________
October 1950-December 1950__________________________

1950 annual average1________ _______ _____________
January 1951-October 1951

___ ____ _________________

November 1951-December 1951________________________
1951 annual average1--- ------------------------ -------------January 1952-December 1953____________________ _ .
January 1954-December 1954_____ ____________________

January 1955-December 1956______________________

. _

January 1957-December 1958................... ............. .................

January 1959-December 19592_________________________

January 1960-December 19622______ __________________

$0 -$22.73
22.74- 57.69
0 - 18.18
18.19- 57. 69
0 - 15.34
15.35- 17.04
17.05- 56.25
0 - 10. 23
10.24- 11.36
11.37- 51.15
51.16- 57. 69
0 - 10. 23
10. 24-11. 36
11.37- 12.76
12. 77- 51.15
51.16- 57.69
0 - 10. 68
10.69- 53.41
53. 42- 57. 69
57. 70- 96.15
0 - 10. 68
10. 69- 53.41
53.42- 57. 69
57. 70- 96.15
0 - 12.82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 57. 69
57. 70- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 57.69
57. 70- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12.83- 55. 56
55. 57- 57.69
57. 70- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 57. 69
57. 70- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 69. 23
69. 24- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 69. 23
69. 24- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55.56
55. 57- 69. 23
69. 24- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12.83- 55. 56
55. 57- 69. 23
69. 24- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12.83- 55. 56
55. 57- 69. 23
69. 24- 98. 29
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 80. 77
80.78- 98. 29
98. 30-141.03
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 80. 77
80. 78- 98. 29
98.30-141. 03
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55.57- 92.31
92. 32- 98. 29
98. 30-141.03
0 - 12. 82
12. 83- 55. 56
55. 57- 92.31
92.32- 98. 29
98.30-141.03

1 Formulas for computing annual averages take into account the changes
during the year in income tax rates.
2 Formulas are based on the assumption that the statutes governing OASDI


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Formula (X=gross
average weekly
earnings)
0.99X
. 95616X+$0. 77
. 99X
.95278X4- .68
. 99X
. 9336X+ . 87
. 89976X+ 1.44
. 99X
. 8678X+ 1.25
.81704X+ 1-83
. 78884X+ 3. 27
. 99X
.8678X+ 1-25
. 81704X+ 1.83
. 78179X+ 2. 28
. 75359X+ 3. 72
. 99X
. 783X4- 2. 21
. 765X+ 3.17
. 775X4- 2. 59
. 99X
. 819X4- 1. 83
. 8019X4- 2. 74
.8119X4- 2.16
. 99X
. 8406X4- 1. 92
. 81576X+ 3. 30
. 82576X4- 2. 72
. 985X
.8356X4- 1-92
. 81076X4- 3.30
. 82576X4- 2.43
. 985X
. 805X4- 2. 31
. 787X+ 3.31
. 802X4- 2.44
. 985X
. 8284X-f- 2. 01
. 80482X+ 3. 32
. 81982X-)- 2. 45
. 985X
. 805X4- 2. 31
. 787X+ 3.31
. 802X4- 2. 27
. 985X
. 7852X-+- 2.56
. 7636X+ 3. 76
. 7786X4- 2. 72
. 985X
. 8014X4- 2.35
. 7834X4- 3. 35
.7984X4- 2.32
. 985X
. 7852X4- 2. 56
. 7636X-j- 3.76
. 7786X4- 2. 72
. 98X
.80X4- 2.31
. 782X4- 3.31
.802X4- 1.92
. 98X
. 80X+ 2.31
.782X4- 3.31
. 802X4- 1. 69
.766X4- 5.23
. 9775X
.7975X4- 2.31
. 7795X4- 3. 31
.802X4- 1-49
. 766X4- 5.03
. 975X
.795X+ 2.31
. 777X4- 3. 31
. 802X4- 1.00
. 766X4- 4. 54
. 97X
. 79X4- 2. 31
. 772X4- 3.31
. 802X4- • 54
.766X4- 4.08

Worker with 3 dependents
Gross average weekly
earnings

Formula (X=gross
average weekly
earnings)

$0

-$57.69

0.99X

0

- 57. 69

. 99X

0 47.0652.290 38.8843. 20-

47.05
52. 28
57. 69
38. 87
43.19
57. 69

. 99X
. 9336X+$2.65
. 89976X+ 4. 42
. 99X
. 8678X4- 4.75
.81704X4- 6.94

0 12. 7738. 8843. 20-

12.76
38. 87
43.19
57.69

. 99X
.96368X4- -34
. 84148X4- 5.09
.79072X4- 7.28

0 10. 6942. 7557. 700 42. 7557. 70-

10. 68
42. 74
57.69
85.47
42. 74
57. 69
85. 47

. 99X
. 963X4. 783X4. 793X4. 99X
. 819X4. 829X4-

• 29
7. 98
7. 40
7. 31
6. 73

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 57. 69
57. 70-136. 75

. 99X
.8406X4- 7.66
.8506X4- 7.08

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 57.69
57. 70-136. 75

. 985X
. 8356X4- 7.66
. 8506X4- 6.80

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 57. 69
57. 70-136. 75

. 985X
. 805X4- 9. 23
. 82X4- 8.37

0 - 51. 28
51.29- 57. 69
57. 70-136. 75

. 985X
. 8284X4- 8.03
.8434X4- 7.17

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 69. 23
69. 24-136. 75

. 985X
. 805X4- 9- 23
. 82X4- 8.19

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 69. 23
69. 24-136. 75

. 985X
. 7852X4-10. 25
. 8002X4- 9- 21

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 69. 23
69. 24-136. 75

. 985X
. 8014X4- 9.42
. 8164X4- 8.38

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 69. 23
69. 24-136. 75

•985X
. 7852X+10. 25
. 8002X4- 9. 21

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 69. 23
69. 24-136. 75

. 98X
. 80X4- 9. 23
.82X4- 7.85

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 80. 77
80. 78-136.75

. 98X
. 80X4- 9.23
. 82X4- 7. 62

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 80. 77
80. 78-136.75

. 9775X
. 7975X4- 9.23
.82X4- 7.41

0 - 51. 28
51. 29- 92.31
92. 32-136. 75

. 975X
. 795X4- 9.23
. 82X4- 6.92

0 - 51.28
51. 29- 92.31
92.32-136. 75

. 97X
. 79X4- 9. 23
.82X4- 6.46

and personal income tax rates which were in effect a t the beginning of 1959
will remain unchanged throughout the period.

53

CALCULATION OF THE SPENDABLE EARNINGS SERIES

throughout the year, and the formula for spend­
able weekly earnings is X —(0.18X—$9.23) —
0.025X, or 0.795X+$9.23, where X equals gross
average weekly earnings. For the group with
gross annual incomes between $4,800.01 and
$7,111.11, or $92.32 to $136.75 a week, the OASDI
tax would be the maximum: $120 on an annual
basis or $2.31 on a weekly basis,3 and the formula
for spendable weekly earnings would be X —
(0.18X—$9.23)—$2.31, or 0.82X+$6.92.

available to workers from current earnings for
spending on goods and services and for personal
savings. They show the effect on pay envelopes
of revisions of tax rates and, when related to
changes in consumer prices, indicate changes in
the purchasing power of workers’ earnings. The
differing impact of these two factors on the
earnings of a factory worker with three depend­
ents in 1939, 1947, and 1958 is illustrated in the
following tabulation:
Spendable weekly earnings

Publication and Revisions
A monthly press release on spendable weekly
earnings is issued on the same day the latest
Consumer Price Index is released—about the 25th
of each month—showing a preliminary figure for
spendable earnings for the previous month in
both current and 1947-49 dollars. Revised fig­
ures for that month are later presented in the
monthly publication Employment and Earnings
and in the Monthly Labor Review. (See table
C-2 of each issue, which presents both current
and historical data for manufacturing.) Two sets
of revised data are published: The first is a revi­
sion of the preliminary figure based on additional
sample reports received by the 20th of the follow­
ing month; the second is a final figure based on the
complete sample.
The final data are still subject to possible
revision at the time of the annual adjustment
of the BLS employment estimates to new bench­
marks, since the employment estimates are used
to weight the earnings data and the introduction
of new benchmark levels may cause some redis­
tribution of weights. In general, revisions of
earnings averages caused by benchmark adjust­
ments of the employment data are slight and
relatively infrequent.
Uses and Limitations
The spendable earnings series, although lack­
ing numerous refinements which would be neces­
sary to make them precise tools, serve as a rough
guide to the trend of “take home” pay and are
therefore useful in union-management wage nego­
tiations, in developing national wage policies, and
in studying current economic trends. They
furnish a measure of changes in the money amounts


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Gross average
weekly earnings

1939__
1947__
1958__

$23. 86
49. 97
183. 50

Consumer —
Price index
[19i7-49=100\

Current
dollars

19/t7~i9
dollars

59. 4
95. 5
2 123. 4

$23. 62
48. 24
175. 88

$39. 76
50. 51
i 61. 49

1 Preliminary.
211-month average.

Some of the limitations implied in the deriva­
tion of the spendable earnings series should be
remembered by users. These data measure the
spendable earnings of workers who earn the aver­
age gross weekly earnings, have the specified
number of dependents, and take the standard
deduction. They may not represent the average
spendable earnings of all workers with the specified
number of dependents, which might, because of
individual variations in earnings, tax rates, and
deductions, be substantially different from the
spendable earnings series. Moreover, since the
income-tax rate depends on the total annual in­
come, it must be assumed, in computing the
income-tax deduction from average weekly earn­
ings for a particular month, that the annual
earnings are 52 times the weekly earnings.
If the spendable earnings series deflated by the
CPI are used to measure changes in the general
welfare of workers, certain technical and economic
considerations should be borne in mind. First,
the CPI represents only the purchases of wageearner and clerical-worker families in urban areas,
and is therefore not strictly appropriate for de­
flating the widely varying earnings of workers in
all areas of the United States, rural as well as
urban. Moreover, the CPI measures the price
change from month to month for a standard list
2
The OASDI tax is actually deducted only on the first $4,800 earned, and
for the higher income group is therefore not spread equally over the year as
in the formula. The full 2.5-percent tax is deducted from total earnings each
week until the maximum of $120 is reached, and no further OASDI deductions
are made u ntil the beginning of the next calendar year.

54

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

of goods and services; changes in buying habits,
which take place slowly, are taken into account
fully only on the occasion of comprehensive
revisions of the index, every 8 or 10 years.
Neither the CPI nor the earnings figures, of
course, reflect the changes in welfare resulting
from the expansion of free Government services,
such as those for education, health, and other
community services.

Two final cautions suggest that the spendable
earnings series should be used in conjunction
with other economic indicators for broad assess­
ments of workers’ economic well-being. The
series refer only to the employed and naturally
should not be used as a measure of the welfare
of unemployed workers. It is also important to
consider the effect on earnings of length of the
workweek.

In the absence of suitable measures of wage rate trends, the general practice
in collective bargaining (and in other uses as well) has been to use the hourly
earnings and weekly earnings data provided by the employment statistics
program. This Federal-State program obtains reports from employers on
employment, hours of work, and earnings of production workers, covering
several hundred industries on a national, State, and locality basis. The data
are available monthly, so that earnings trends can be described in great detail
for many industries and for all sections of the country. However, these
earnings data constitute only a rough approximation of wage rate trends.
Since the earnings are averages for the entire plant production work force
(and for each industry or locality), they are seriously affected by changes in
labor force structure. An upward reclassification of the work force, or the
elimination of some unskilled jobs, can change the average hourly earnings
without any change in wage rates. Moreover, the data include premium rates
for overtime, and other forms of premium pay, which further limits their
usefulness as a measure of wage rate trends.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

— From speech by Ewan Clague entitled “Statistics for Collective Bargaining” , at
meeting of the American Statistical Association, Chicago, 111., December 27, 1958.

Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases"

Labor Relations
Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction. The United
States Supreme Court held 1 that the dismissal
of a representation petition on the sole ground of
the National Labor Relations Board’s “long­
standing policy not to exercise jurisdiction over
the hotel industry” was invalid, because it was
contrary to an earlier decision of that court that
the Board could not decline jurisdiction over
another category of employers, as a class.2
The union in this case filed a petition for repre­
sentation on behalf of a group of employees of
hotels in Miami Beach. The Board dismissed the
petition on the grounds that “it would not
effectuate the policies of the act to assert juris­
diction over hotels.” 3
A Federal district court, in sustaining the
Board’s action, declared that “Congress intended
to lodge in the Board, rather than in the courts,
a determination of what employer-employee re­
lationships so affect interstate commerce as to
require the exercise of the powers granted to the
Board,” although the Board was not empowered
to act capriciously or arbitrarily.4
The district court0 refused to hold that the
Board’s action was arbitrary or capricious in light
of the position taken by the Board both prior
to and since the enactment of the Labor Manage­
ment Relations Act “that the hotel industry, other
than in the District of Columbia, and in certain
instances in the Territories, does not have such
impact on interstate commerce as to justify the
exercise of the Board’s power in view of the pres­
sing demands upon the Board of other industries
having greater impact upon interstate commerce.”
The circuit court of appeals affirmed the decision
of the lower court without opinion.


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In the case of Office Employees, Local 11, upon
which the Supreme Court relied in its per curiam
reversal of the court of appeal’s opinion, the
Supreme Court had held that the NLRB may not
refuse to assert jurisdiction over labor unions as
a class, when unfair labor practice charges are
alleged against any of them, when they are acting
as employers.6 The court said that the action
of the Board in declining to assert jurisdiction was
contrary to the intent of Congress, arbitrary, and
beyond its power.
Dues Delinquency Discharge. The National Labor
Relations Board held 7 that a union and an em­
ployer both violated the Labor Management
Relations Act in effecting the discharge of an
employee pursuant to a union-security contract,
for dues delinquency which resulted from the
employee’s failure to pay a fine, when the em­
ployer was aware of the circumstances surround­
ing the union’s discharge request.
The employee in this case, upon being laid off,
had applied to the union for a withdrawal card.
He was told that he was ineligible for the card
because he owed a fine for not attending union
meetings. The employee did not pay the fine
and did not get the card; therefore, in accordance
with union practice, he did not become exempt
from the dues requirement during the period of
his layoff. When rehired several months later,
the employee was told by the union that he would
have to pay either back dues for the period of his
layoff or a new initiation fee. He failed to do
either. The union then requested the employer
to discharge the employee for dues delinquency.
The employer, who was aware of the circumstances
in the case, complied.
‘ Prepared in the U. S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor. The
cases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant decisions
believed to be of special interest. No attem pt has been made to reflect all
recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of labor law or
to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the existence of
local precedents, or a different approach by the courts to the issue presented.
1Hotel Employees Local 255 v. Leedom (U. S. Sup. Ct., Nov. 24,1958).
2 See Office Employees Local 11 v. N L R B , Monthly Labor Review, July
1957, p. 849.
3 See Hotel Employees Local 255 v. Leedom, 147 F. Supp. 306 (IT. S. D. C.,
D. C„ 1957).
4 Ibid., p. 308.
5 Ibid.
6Office Employees v. Labor Board, note 2, supra.
7National Automotive Fibres, Inc. and Molton; Local 156, Textile Workers
Union of America, A F I j-C 10 and Same, 121 NLRB No. 173 (Oct. 14,1958).

55

56
The Board found the conduct of the employer
and the union to be unfair labor practices under
sections 8 (a) (3), and 8 (b) (2) of the act, respec­
tively. The sections ban discrimination against
an employee subject to a union-shop contract if
his membership was denied or terminated for
reasons other than the failure of the employee
to tender the periodic dues and initiation fees
uniformly required as a condition of acquiring or
retaining membership.
The NLRB stated that in previous cases it had
held that these provisions require that dues be
charged to all members alike or that any distinc­
tion be based upon reasonable general classifica­
tions. The Board held that “when the obligation
to pay back dues depends in effect on whether or
not a member attends union meetings, that type
of charge is clearly not one that is uniformly
applied.”
R e i m b u r s e m e n t R e m e d y . The National Labor Re­
lations Board held8that the Brown—
Olds9remedy
requiring reimbursement of dues and fees paid by
employees to a union under an illegal contract
should not be applied where the contract was
illegal only because the union was not in com­
pliance with the filing requirements of sections
9 (f) and (h) of the Labor Management Relations
Act at the time it executed the contract.
In this case, the union district council and the
association, of which the employer was a member,
entered into contracts containing union-shop
clauses on May 17, 1956 and May 4, 1957, con­
forming with the substantive requirements of the
Labor Management Relations Act. Compliance
with the filing requirements of the act, which was
achieved on August 17, 1955, expired on June 30,
1956. Thereafter, the council was out of com­
pliance until August 1, 1957. The Board’s com­
pliance notices could have been received by the
council only in August 1955 and August 1957.
When, in November 1956, the union refused
membership to an employee who had been hired
on the previous day and the employee related this
experience to a partner of the employer, the part­
ner stated that the employer was powerless to
retain him.
In finding unfair labor practices on the part of
the employer in giving effect to the union-security
agreement of May 4, 1957, and of the union in
enforcing that agreement, the Board held the


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

agreement invalid because the “proviso to section
8 (a) (3) of the act makes a prerequisite to the
execution of a valid union-security agreement, the
receipt of a notice of compliance from the Board
‘at the time the agreement was made or within the
preceding twelve months.’ ”
The Board deemed it unnecessary to consider the
question of the validity of the May 17, 1956, con­
tract because that contract had expired and be­
cause the Board considered that its order in this
case adequately remedied any unfair labor prac­
tices that might have arisen from that earlier
contract.
The Board ordered, among other things, that
the employer cease giving effect to the restrictive
hiring provisions of the May 4, 1957, contract and
offer to the employee immediate and full reinstate­
ment to his former or substantially equivalent
position. Since the Board refused to apply the
Brown-Olds remedy requiring the refund of all
dues and initiation fees collected from all em­
ployees under the agreement during the 6 months
preceding the filing of the unfair labor practice
charges, the reimbursement provision of the order
was limited to back pay, to be paid the employee
by the employer and union, jointly and severally.
The Board distinguished this case where there
was a mere technical failure of compliance from
the B r o w n - O l d s case where the parties had entered
into a provision which subsequently exceeded the
permissible limits of the proviso to section 8 (a)
(3). The provision in the B r o w n - O l d s case con­
ditioned employment upon union membership,
without the benefit of the 30-day grace period
required by that proviso.
A New
York lower court ruled 10 not arbitrable the issue
of whether a union is entitled to compel an
employer to engage in a secondary boycott pur­
suant to a hot-cargo clause in their collective
bargaining contract. The court said that if the
employer were compelled to effect such a boycott
through the medium of arbitration, Federal policy

A r b i t r a t i o n to E n f o r c e H o t- C a r g o C la u s e .

8 Charles Ostrowski, d. b. a. Philadelphia Wood Work Co. and Boy Archer;
Local 359, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Metropolitan District Council
of Philadelphia and Vicinity of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Same,
121 NLRB No. 201 (Oct. 31, 1958).
9 United Association of Journeymen & Apprentices of Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Local ¡231 and Vernon L. Bryant and J. S. Brown-E. F. Olds
Plumbing & Heating Corp., 115 NLRB 594 (1956).
i» In re Apex Lumber Corp. (N. Y. Sup. Ct., Suffolk County, Oct. 2,1958).

DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES

expressed in section 8 (b) (4) (A) of the Labor
Management Relations Act would be violated.
In this case, the employer moved to stay arbitra­
tion of a dispute which the union had sought to
submit for arbitration. The dispute concerned
the rights and duties of the parties flowing from
the failure of the employer to engage in a secondary
boycott pursuant to a provision of the collective
bargaining agreement prohibiting the employer’s
employees from handling “nonunion” material
when so requested by the union.
In rejecting the union’s contention that this
aspect of the dispute was arbitrable the court cited
a recent decision 11 in which the U. S. Supreme
Court indicated that while an employer can
voluntarily cooperate in a secondary boycott, he
cannot be compelled to do so since section 8 (b) (4)
(A) of the act contemplates a “freedom of choice
at the time the question whether to boycott or not
arises in a concrete situation calling for the
exercise of judgment on a particular matter of
labor and business policy.” The Supreme Court
declared also that such a choice “must as a matter
of Federal policy be available to the secondary
employer notwithstanding any private agreement
entered into between the parties.”
The New York court held that the U. S. Su­
preme Court’s decision required it to conclude
that where, as here, the employer exercised his
judgment not to engage in a secondary boycott,
the union cannot compel through arbitration
the performance called for by the “hot cargo”
clause.
Suit for Violation of Union Bylaws. A Federal
district court held12 that section 301 of the Labor
Management Relations Act which permits suits
for violation of contracts between an employer
and a labor organization or between labor
organizations is applicable to suits for violations
of the constitution, bylaws, regulations, and
resolutions of a labor organization to the detri­
ment of its branch organization.
n Local 1976, United Brotherhood of Carpenters v. N L R B , 357 U. S. 93 (1958);
see M onthly Labor Review, August 1958, pp. 892-893.
is Burlesque Artists Association v. American Guild of Variety Artists (U. S.
D. C., S. D. N. Y ., Aug. 14, 1958).
« See Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. v. Industrial Union of Marine &
Shipbuilding Works of America, 95 F. Supp. 50 (U. S. D. C., E.D. Pa. 1950).
i* Textile Workers Union v. Cone M ills Corp. (U. S. D. C.,M . D. N. C.,
Oct. 17, 1958).
is 348 US 437 (1955); see Monthly Labor Review, June 1955, p. 679.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

57
This suit was brought by a labor organization
against both its parent organization and another
branch of that parent, alleging violations by the
other branch of the constitution, bylaws, regula­
tions, and resolutions of the parent to the detri­
ment of the complainant branch and failure by
the parent to remedy those violations.
In refusing to dismiss the suit on the ground
that the statute was inapplicable to it, the court
reasoned that both the “plain language” of the
statute itself and its legislative history indicate
a broader scope for the word “contracts” than
contracts arising solely out of collective bargain­
ing. By eliminating the words “concluded as a
result of collective bargaining” from the bill as
first drafted, Congress intended the act to have
broader application. The court recognized that
its decision “clashes” with that of another Federal
district court13 which found that the legislative
history revealed that Section 301 was intended
to apply only to collective bargaining agreements.
The court refused also to dismiss the suit on
the basis of the second contention of the defend­
ants “that the parties are not separate labor or­
ganizations but component parts of a single labor
organization and thus fail to satisfy the statutory
requirement that the suit be ‘between . . . labor
organizations.’ ” The court found that the type
of association between the parties in this case
raised the issue of whether they were separate
organizations which would have to go to trial.
Union’s Right to Enforce Arbitration Award. A
Federal district court held 14 that a union did not
have standing to sue for enforcement of an arbi­
tration award under Section 301 of the Labor
Management Relations Act when the award
was for personal benefits due individual employees
and any benefit to the union was indirect.
The union brought this action to have the court
enforce an arbitration award which sustained
the union’s claim that the employer was liable
for the employees’ unemployment-benefit losses
attributable to the employer’s designation of a
brief shutdown as a vacation.
After rejecting various other asserted grounds
for jurisdiction the court, relying upon Association
of Westinghouse Salaried Employees v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.,15 declared that it was not em­
powered by section 301 of the LMRA to enforce
the award. There, the U. S. Supreme Court had

58
held that a Federal court did not have jurisdiction
in a suit brought by a union in behalf of employees,
alleging a breach of contract in the failure of the
employer to pay accrued wages due the employees.
The district court stated that the “only material
difference in the facts in the Westinghouse case
and the facts in the suit here involved is that in
the Westinghouse case the union brought suit in
the district court before submitting the dispute to
arbitrators, and in this case the union seeks to
enforce the arbitrator’s award.” This difference
did not make the W e s tin g h o u s e doctrine inappli­
cable, the court indicated, since in both cases
“the essential relief sought is the recovery of
wages to employees.” It also noted that the
union in the present case did not claim any mone­
tary benefits from the award.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

The court distinguished the situations in both
this case and the W e s tin g h o u s e case from that in
which the union is seeking to enforce the per­
formance of an agreement to submit to arbitra­
tion an unresolved grievance.16
Although the Federal court would not hear
this case, the court noted that many proceedings
for enforcing or vacating arbitration awards under
collective bargaining agreements involving in­
dustry in interstate commerce had been brought
in the State courts of North Carolina, the State
in which the employer was incorporated and the
plants covered by the collective bargaining agree­
ment were located.
18 See M onthly Labor Review, September 1958, p. 1018, discussing Item Co.
v. New Orleans Newspaper Guild, 256 F. 2d 855 (5th Cir. 1958), where dispute
sought to be arbitrated was limited to the grievance of a single employee.

Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
November 1, 1958
T he American Bakery and Confectionery Workers and
the United Biscuit Co. concluded a contract covering a
number of plants in several States. It provided 3,000
employees with a 2-step hourly wage increase— 12 cents,
effective at once, and an additional 11 cents on November
1, 1959— and a 4th week of vacation after 25 years’
service. (See Chron. item for Dec. 5, 1957, MLR, Feb.
1958.)
D e n t a l i n s u r a n c e for employees is included in a contract
which went into effect between the Oil, Chemical and
Atomic Workers and Helena Rubinstein, Inc. Employees
may use their own dentists under this plan, supported by
employer contributions of $1.65 a month per employee and
administered by Group Health Dental Insurance, Inc.,
New York City. GDHI will pay all dental expenses if
the dentist is a participating dentist and the subscriber’s
income is under $5,000; in addition, GDHI pays for all
fillings and extractions which the first visit shows to be
needed.

November 2
Six m a j o r a i r l i n e s signed a 1-year mutual-aid agreement,
retroactive to October 20, to pay any struck signatory
the increases in net revenues gained by other parties
flying the signatory’s routes during the strike. The pact
covers stoppages called in support of wage demands in
excess of increases recommended by a Presidential emer­
gency board and before exhaustion of settlement procedures
under the Railway Labor Act.
Subsequently, the Machinists, the Railway Clerks, other
unions, and the nonscheduled airlines, urged the Civil
Aeronautics Board to disapprove the agreement as a
circumvention of the Railway Labor Act and antitrust
laws. (See also p. 62 of this issue.)
On November 19, Capital Airlines and the Machinists
agreed on a contract which runs until September 30, 1960,
ending a monthlong strike in 18 cities of about 2,500
mechanics and ground service personnel. Mechanics,
who number about three-fourths of the bargaining unit,
will receive a wage increase of 41 cents during the life of
the contract.
Agreements were also negotiated during the month by
the same union with Northwest, National, and Northeast
airlines.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

November 3
T he Amalgamated Association of Street, Electric Railway
and Motor Coach Employes and the Greyhound Corp.
announced a new 2-year contract for about 12,000 em­
ployees in 20 States (the Atlantic, Central, Southeastern,
Southwestern, and Richmond, Va., Greyhound Lines).
In addition to liberalized holiday and vacation benefits,
the contract provided, for hourly rated employees, a
10-cent-an-hour wage increase immediately, with 8 cents
an hour more in 1959. Drivers paid on a mileage basis
received increases to provide a uniform rate among the
lines and in 1959 will receive a 0.2-cent-a-mile increase.

November 4
V oters in 6 States balloted on “right to work” measures
which would have banned union membership as a condi­
tion of employment. The proposals were rejected in
5 States— California, Colorado, Idaho, Ohio, and Washing­
ton— and approved in Kansas.

November 6
D eere and C o., a farm equipment manufacturer, and the

United Auto Workers announced a 3-year contract con­
tinuing an annual-improvement-factor increase of 3 per­
cent of 1955 wage scales, and providing additional in­
creases for skilled workers and liberalization of fringe
benefits for about 16,000 employees. (See also p. 63 of
this issue.)
Later in the month, Caterpillar Tractor Cc. and the
same union, on strike since October 1, reached an agree­
ment including immediate and deferred wage increases
for about 12,000 workers in plants located at East Peoria
and Morton, 111.
T he S ecretary of L abor , acting under the Public Con­
tracts Act, issued an order raising the minimum hourly
wage rate for workers in the soap and related products
industry from $1 to $1.50, effective December 8, 1958.

November 7
T he AFL-CIO Executive Council ended a quarterly

meeting in Washington, D. C., in which it had adopted
a 10-point legislative program for 1959 and reviewed the
“cleanup” steps taken by several of its affiliates following
earlier directives by the Federation in its anticorruption
efforts. The council also deferred Carpenters President
Maurice A. Hutcheson’s personal appearance to explain
his failure to answer certain questions of the Senate
Select Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor or
Management Field. (See Chron. items for Aug. 18, 1958,
MLR, Oct. 1958, and Nov. 14, 1958, below; also p. 67
of this issue.)
T he F ederal court of appeals in New Orleans ruled,
in Mitchell v. Robert DeMario Jewelry, Inc., that under
section 17 of the Fair Labor Standards Act as amended

59

60

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

in 1949, Federal district courts have no authority to
direct restitution of lost wages as an incident to an order
to the Secretary of Labor directing reinstatement of
discharged employees.

provisions for immediate wage increases of 4 to 7 cents an
hour and similar raises a year later, and improved fringe
benefits for the 14,000 employees covered. (See also p.
64 of this issue.)

November 10

November 16

T he U . S. S upreme C ourt denied review in Cameron
Iron Works, Inc. v. Lodge 12, District 37, International
Association of Machinists, thereby in effect affirming a
decision by a lower court that a Federal court has authority
to compel arbitration, under an arbitration agreement,
even though the underlying dispute may involve an unfair
labor practice which is exclusively within the jurisdiction
of the National Labor Relations Board. (See Chron.
item for June 30, 1958, MLR, Aug. 1958.)

A contract between Chrysler Corp. and the United
Automobile Workers ended a strike of about 8,000 office
and engineering department employees at 34 Chrysler
nondefense plants. Terms provided for continuation of
the 3-percent annual improvement factor, adjustment of
salary inequities, and liberalization of clauses governing
seniority, job transfer, and protection against displace­
ment caused by automation. (See also p. 63 of this
issue.)

T he Federal Wage and Hour Administrator announced
that effective February 2, 1959, the weekly salary limits
used in determining the exemption of executives and ad­
ministrative and professional employees from the wage
and overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act
will be increased to $80 and $95, respectively. They have
been $55 and $75. (For Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands, the new rates are $55 and $70, respectively.)
The minimum for higher paid employees who qualify for
exemption under “shortened duty tests” will be raised
from $100 to $125.

November 18
T he NLRB determined, in Tropicana Products, Inc. and

Teamsters, that henceforth it will assert jurisdiction in
any case in which an employer refuses to provide the
Board with information relevant to its jurisdictional deter­
minations, regardless of whether the employer meets the
Board’s jurisdictional standards, so long as evidence pre­
sented at a hearing shows that the employer is extensively
engaged in interstate commerce.

November 11

November 19

A greement to base hiring of dock workers in New York

T he F ederal court op appeals in New Orleans ruled,
in Woodward Iron Co. v. Ware, that discharged employees
have the right to sue their employer for the enforcement of
their personal rights derived from a collective bargaining
contract between their employer and union, irrespective
of the union’s standing to sue under the Taft-Hartley Act
and its interest in prosecuting employee claims under the
collective agreement.

City on a portwide seniority system was announced by
the New York Shipping Association, Inc., and the Inter­
national Longshoremen’s Association (Ind.), which hailed
it as the first complete docker seniority system in any
major port. (See also p. 66 of this issue.)

November 12
T he NLRB added another requirement to its criteria for
legitimate “common situs” picketing, in Seafarers’ Inter­
national Union and Superior Derrick Corp. The Board
ruled that union agents, who know from past experience
that the appearance of a picket will cause a neutral em­
ployer’s employees to cease work, must answer inquiries
by neutral employees to make it clear that the picketing
is not directed at their employer.

November 14
D elegates to the annual convention of the United

Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners reelected their
president, Maurice A. Hutcheson, to a new 4-year term,
rejected the AFL-CIO’s codes of ethical practices, and
authorized the union’s executive board, if the board so
decides, to withdraw the 850,000-member union from the
Federation. (See also p. 67 of this issue.)

November 15
A 3-year contract between the Hughes Aircraft Co. in
Los Angeles and the Carpenters went into effect, including


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November 21
I n a case remanded by the Georgia Supreme Court (see
Chron. item for June 10, 1957, MLR, Aug. 1957), a State
superior court held the Railway Labor Act unconstitutional
insofar as it permits unions, through union-shop contracts,
to use a substantial portion of their members’ dues and
assessments for political purposes which are unrelated to
collective bargaining and to which some members do not
subscribe. The case was Looper v. Georgia Southern and
Florida Ry. Co.

November 24
T he U. S. S upreme C ourt ruled that it was beyond the
N LR B’s power to decline jurisdiction over the hotel
industry as a class, since this is contrary to the principles
expressed in an earlier decision (see Chron. item for May 6,
1957, MLR, July 1957) that the Board cannot refuse
jurisdiction over an entire category of employers. The
case was Hotel Employees Local 255 v. Leedom. (See
also p. 55 of this issue.)

CHRONOLOGY OF LABOR EVENTS

November 26
T he F ederal court op appeals in Cincinnati, Ohio,
affirmed a lower court’s decision that Congress did not
violate the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment by
failing to require that unions certified under the Railway
Labor Act extend membership to all members of a craft
regardless of race, that a certified union which bans
Negroes from membership does not violate the due
process clause, and that the union’s certification does not
change the union’s character as a private association.
The case, in which the Supreme Court had denied direct
review of the district court’s decision, was Oliphant v.
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen. (See
Chron. item for Dec. 9, 1957, MLR, Feb. 1958.)
R eversing an NLRB decision (see Chron. item for
Oct. 30, 1957, MLR, Dec. 1957), the Federal court of
appeals in Washington, D. C., ruled that peaceful picketing

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61
by a minority union for recognition from an employer as
bargaining agent, where none had been certified by the
Board, was not a violation of the National Labor Relations
Act. The case was Drivers Local 689, International
Brotherhood of Teamsters v. NLRB.

November 30
M embers of the United Auto Workers ratified a 3-year
agreement with the Studebaker-Packard Corp., ending a
4-day strike and providing for an annual-improvementfactor increase of 2.5 percent and an additional increase of
8 cents an hour for skilled workers effective December 1,
a temporary suspension (dependent on car sales) of the
company’s contribution to the supplemental unemploy­
ment benefit fund, a reopener on wages in September 1959,
and other provisions for about 9,000 workers. (See also
p. 63 of this issue.)

Developments in
Industrial Relations

Collective Bargaining and Wage Developments
Airlines. Major airline negotiations in November
resulted in settlements by 4 carriers; however, 2
additional lines were grounded by strikes at the
end of the month.
Terms for ending a monthlong strike of about
2,500 mechanics and other ground-service per­
sonnel employed by Capital Airlines, Inc., and rep­
resented by the International Association of Ma­
chinists were agreed to on November 19. The
agreement provided raises of 5 percent retroactive
to October 1, 1957, 7){ percent for 1958, and 3
percent on October 1, 1959. Increases for the
entire agreement period, which runs until Sep­
tember 30, 1960, ranged from 29 cents for cleaners
to 46 cents for lead inspectors. Mechanics, who
number approximately three-fourths of the bar­
gaining unit, were scheduled to receive 41 cents.
Other contract terms included establishment of a
severance pay plan, improved sick-leave provi­
sions, and revised holiday pay and seniority
clauses.
The Machinists had been demanding a 2-year
raise of 42 cents (21 cents retroactive to October
1, 1957) ; the company’s highest previous offer was
38 cents spread over 3 years. In September, a
presidential emergency board recommendation of
a total 9-percent increase (amounting to about 20
cents) for 1957 and 1958 had been accepted by
the 6 airlines1 negotiating with the Machinists
but rejected by the union.
Early in November, during the Capital strike,
6 major airlines2 presented to the Civil Aeronau­
tics Board for approval a “mutual assistance”
agreement when one or more of them were
grounded by a labor dispute. The pact, according
to an industry official, would be operative only
after “all legal methods [of settling a strike had]
been exhausted.” Under the arrangement, a
grounded line would receive from other carriers
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flying the same routes any additional revenues
taken in as a result of a strike, less the added
costs of handling the extra traffic. Other sched­
uled airlines had also been invited to join the pact.
George R. Petty, Jr., president of the Flight
Engineers Association, denounced the plan as an
“illegal cartel,” and said his union would “fight
every airline in the country” if necessary to defeat
it. The Machinists and the Railway Clerks urged
the Board to bar the proposed pact, arguing that
it would, in effect, make the presidential emergency
board’s recommendation mandatory and would
amount to “repudiation of good-faith bargining”
by the airlines for the future. Spokesmen for nonscheduled airlines charged that the agreement was
a violation of antitrust laws. On December 4,
the Board announced that, pending hearings
scheduled for January 14, 1959, members’ carriers
may continue revenue payments to lines grounded
by strikes.3
Shortly before the Capital settlement, the Ma­
chinists agreed with Northwest Airlines upon
similar wage increases for about 2,000 workers,
but the settlement reportedly did not provide for
severance pay. Agreements were later negotiated
with National and Northeast Airlines, covering a
total of about 2,000 employees.
Other airline negotiations, however, were still
unsettled at the end of November. Operations
at Eastern and Trans World Airlines were halted
by a walkout of about 12,000 IAM members, with
the Flight Engineers also on strike at Eastern.4
At American Airlines, a threatened work stoppage
by members of the Pilots union was temporarily
enjoined by a court order.
Mining. Agreement on a $2-a-day wage increase
for soft coal miners was announced on December 3
by union and industry spokesmen. The wage
settlement—negotiated by the Bituminous Coal
Operators Association (representing Northern
commercial coal producers and steel and utility
companies owning mines) and the United Mine
Workers (Ind.)—provided a $1.20-a-day increase
*Prepared in the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, on the basis of currently available published material.
• Capital Airlines, Eastern Airlines, National Airlines, Northeast Airlines,
Northwest Airlines, and Trans Woild Airlines.
2 American Airlines, Capital Airlines, Eastern Airlines, Pan American
World Airways, Trans World Airlines, and United Airlines.
3 Capital Airlines had received at least one payment before the CAB
announcement. It will be returned if CAB disapproves the plan.
4 See M onthly Labor Review, September 1958, p. 1028.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

effective January 1, 1959, and an additional 80
cents a day beginning April 1, 1959, bringing the
basic daily rate to $24.25. The miners’ 10-day
vacation pay was also raised from $180 to $200.
Under the contract, the commercial operators (not
including the steel and utility companies) agreed
for the first time to restrictions on handling coal
mined in nonunion pits. Similar settlement terms
were subsequently extended to the Southern Coal
Producers Association. A total of 180,000 miners
were affected.
Automotive and Farm Equipment. The United
Automobile Workers’ agreement with the Studebaker-Packard Corp., ratified on November 30,
deviated substantially from the Big Three auto
pattern.5 Most important was the suspension of
the company’s contribution to the supplemental
unemployment benefit fund until 60,000 1959 cars
have been sold at retail; at this point, the company
will begin contributing 2.5 cents per man-hour to
the fund and, when 90,000 cars have been sold, the
full 5-cent hourly contribution by the company will
be reinstated. Similarly, the effective date of 2step increases in premium pay for second-and thirdshift work will be dependent on car sales. The
annual improvement factor increase of 2.5 percent
(minimum of 6 cents an hour) and an additional
increase of 8 cents for skilled workers were made
effective December 1 instead of being retroactive
as at Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors. Also,
unlike the Big Three contracts, the agreement pro­
vided for negotiations on wages in September 1958
rather than for a specified deferred increase in that
year. There was also provision for reopening on
SUB and pensions at that time; 15 cents of the 25cent cost-of-living allowance was incorporated into
base rates.
At Chrysler Corp., agreement to end a strike of
about 8,000 office and engineering department em­
ployees represented by the UAW was reached on
November 16. The settlement continued the 3percent annual improvement factor increase of the
previous contract (the production workers con­
tract provides for 2K percent) with a minimum
weekly increase of $2.53. Other contract terms,
however, differed from the settlement reached in
October with the production workers; they called
6 See M onthly Labor Review, November 1958, pp. 1284-1285.
« The Big Three auto settlements provided benefits of $2.50 only for future
service, $2.40 for past years, and $2.35 for employees previously retired.
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63
for adjustment of salary inequities and more liberal
provisions relating to seniority, job transfer, and
protection against displacement by automation.
The UAW also encountered difficulties in ex­
tending the terms of the automobile settlements to
the auto parts industry. A 3-year contract with
the Dana Corp.—one of the first major automotive
parts manufacturers to reach agreement with the
union—substantially followed the auto pattern
but with at least one major deviation. Basic wagerate increases for each contract year amounted to a
flat 6 and 7 cents. About 5,500 workers in
Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsyl­
vania were affected.
At Sealed Power Corp., an 8-day strike by
UAW members was settled on November 11 but
with considerable modifications from the auto
pattern. The new contract runs until March 1,
1962 (6 months longer than the Big Three agree­
ments); there is no immediate wage increase;
and the cost-of-living allowance will be frozen until
December 1, 1959. In November 1959, rates of
pay will be raised by 6 cents an hour plus an addi­
tional 8 cents for skilled workers; another 6-cent
increase is not scheduled until 1961. About
800 workers were affected.
In the farm equipment field, settlement was
reached early in November (and unlike other re­
lated industry settlements without resort to
strike action) by Deere and Co. and the Auto
Workers for about 13,500 workers. The 3-year
agreement continued an annual improvement
factor increase of 3 percent of 1955 wage scales,
with the first increase retroactive to August 18,
and subsequent increases effective September 14,
1959, and October 12, 1960. Additional increases
for skilled workers, together with incorporation
of part of the cost-of-living allowance into base
rates, were also provided. Pension benefits were
raised from $2.25 to $2.50 a month for each year
of service for present and future retirees.6 Supple­
mental unemployment benefits (SUB) were liberal­
ized as in the auto contracts; a severance pay plan,
financed from the SUB fund, was established; a
fourth week of vacation after 25 years’ service was
added; and the duration of hospital benefits was
lengthened from 70 to 120 days.
The Caterpillar Tractor Co. and the Auto
Workers, on strike since October 11, reached
contract agreement on November 26 for about
12,000 workers at the company’s plants in East

64
Peoria and Morton, 111. The settlement provided
first-year raises totaling 8 to 17 cents an hour,
including 6 to 15 cents retroactive to August 4
when the previous contract expired, a 1-cent costof-living adjustment retroactive to September 1,
and a 1-cent general increase on December 1.
Additional 6- and 7-cent wage increases are sched­
uled for October of 1959 and 1960, respectively.
Other changes liberalized vacation pay for employ­
ees with 10 to 15 years of service and increased
pension benefits. Early in December, employees
at the company’s Decatur plant, also on strike,
rejected a similar contract proposal despite recom­
mendation by a regional UAW representative
that the agreement be accepted. The UAW, as
one of its contract demands, had been seeking a
“master” contract with the company.
Tentative agreement for ending a 5-day strike
by 13,500 United Automobile Workers at the
Bendix Aviation Corp. was reached on November
23. The settlement—following the automobile
pattern—continued the improvement-factor and
cost-of-living clauses of the previous contract and
provided additional wage increases for skilled
workers. Improvements in supplemental un­
employment benefits and in the pension plan were
also reportedly included.
Aircraft. About 18,000 employees of United Air­
craft Corp., Pratt and Whitney Division, represented
by the International Association of Machinists, re­
ceived wage increases ranging from 7 to 12 cents
an hour. Ratified on December 1 by union mem­
bers, the settlement covered employees in 5 plants
in the Hartford, Conn., area; negotiations were
conducted under a wage reopening clause of a
2-year contract signed in 1957.7 The company
announced that about 10,000 unorganized salaried
workers would receive comparable pay advances
of 3 percent effective December 1.
Pay increases, retroactive to October 6 and
ranging from 5 to 22 cents an hour, were agreed to
by the UAW and Tempco Aircraft Corp. for
about 4,500 workers in 3 Texas plants. The agree­
ment also made provision for a 3-percent pay ad­
vance in October 1959, and reestablished a costof-living escalator clause that was discontinued in
1956.
Hughes Aircraft Co. and the Carpenters union
announced on November 3, the terms of a 3-year
contract covering about 14,000 workers in southern

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

California. Effective November 15 and again
next November, wage levels were to go up 4 to 7
cents an hour. The settlement also made pro­
vision for a wage reopening in 1960, added a fourth
week of vacation after 20 years’ service, liberalized
hospital benefits, and incorporated the existing
12-cent cost-of-living allowance into base rates.
The escalator clause was continued.
Other Metalworking. A 10-cent hourly pay in­
crease, retroactive to September 1, for about 15,000
workers was agreed to by the Raytheon Manu­
facturing Co. and the International Brotherhood
of Electrical Workers. The 3-year contract also
called for an additional 10-cent wage increase in
1959, establishment of a pension plan, and liberal­
ized welfare benefits. A reopening on wages and
fringe benefits was scheduled for 1960.
On November 22, the Kohler Co. announced a
5-percent wage increase, effective November 24,
for its hourly, incentive, and nonexempt salaried
employees. During the month, the National
Labor Relations Board had ordered new hearings
on the case arising out of the United Automobile
Workers dispute with the company, which has
been in effect since April 1954. Both parties had
petitioned the Board for such hearings on the basis
of testimony presented before the U. S. Senate
Select Committee on Improper Activities in the
Labor or Management Field earlier in 1958.8
Paper and Printing. In early November, the
Pacific Coast Association of Pulp and Paper
Manufacturers and the United Papermakers and
the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite
and Paper Mill Workers agreed on a 5-cent-anhour wage increase for women and a 2.5-percent
increase for men, retroactive to June 1, 1958, with
the latter supplemented by 5 cents an hour for
maintenance workers. About 20,000 workers in
44 mills in Oregon, Washington, and California
were affected. The two unions and the employer
association had agreed in May 1958 9 to waive
contract demands until fall.
Three-step pay increases totaling $8 a week
were included in a 2-year contract reached be­
tween the International Typographical Union and
commercial printing shops in the Chicago area.
7 See M onthly Labor Review, February 1958, p. 194.
8 See M onthly Labor Review, May 1958, pp. 539-540.
6 See M onthly Labor Review, July 1958, p. 781.

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

The settlement, covering about 3,000 printers,
provided a $4-raise retroactive to June 7, an
additional $1 retroactive to August 10, and a
$3-raise effective June 7, 1959. A half holiday
(Christmas Eve) was also added to bring the total
number of holidays to 6%.
Threat of a strike by members of the American
Newspaper Guild against 7 newspapers in the
New York City area was averted in early Novem­
ber with agreement on a $7-a-week “package”
increase spread over 2 years. The amounts going
to wages and to fringe benefits varied among
newspapers. The Guild represents about 6,200
workers in the editorial, news, and commercial
departments of the 7 papers.
Other Manufacturing. About 3,000 employees of
the United Biscuit Co.’s plants in several States,
represented by the American Bakery and Con­
fectionery Workers’ Union (AFL-CIO), received
a 12-cent-an-hour pay increase effective November
1. The 2-year contract included changes in
“fringe” benefits and made provision for an
additional 11-cent increase in 1959.
Agreement on terms of a new 2-year contract
was reached on November 6 by the United Glass
and Ceramic Workers Union and 4 flat glass
companies for about 2,500 workers. The settle­
ment included an 8-cent wage increase, effective
November 1,1958, for workers paid on an incentive
basis, 10 cents for hourly paid production workers,
and 12 cents for maintenance employees. Similar
wage increases were scheduled for 1959. The
settlement also provided for increased pension
benefits and an improved hospitalization and
insurance program.
Communications, Transportation, and Government.
Pay raises averaging $2.25 weekly were agreed to
in mid-November by members of the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers employed by
the New Jersey Bell Telephone Co. The in­
creases—affecting about 10,000 plant, engineer­
ing, and accounting department employees'—
ranged from $1.50 to $3.
Western Electric Co. (sales division) and the
Communications Workers of America agreed on
November 4 upon pay increases of 5 to 9 cents an
hour for 10,000 warehouse and repair shop em­
ployees. Negotiations were conducted under a
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65
reopening clause of a 2-year contract signed in
1957.10
Findings of 2 industrial salary surveys resulted
in 5^-percent pay increases for 2 groups of local
government employees in the Los Angeles area.
About 10,000 employees of the Los Angeles
Department of Water and Power along with about
24.000 other city employees received their raise
effective December 1 and November 30, respec­
tively, while pay scales for about 35,000 Los
Angeles county employees were scheduled to
advance on January 1, 1959.
Basic accord on new contracts affecting about
12.000 bus drivers, maintenance, terminal, and
office employees of 5 Greyhound Corp. lines was
reached on November 3 between company repre­
sentatives and the Amalgamated Association of
Street, Electric Railway and Motor Coach Em­
ployes. Terms of the 2-year contracts, covering
the Atlantic, Central, Southeastern, Southwestern,
and Richmond lines, provided a 10-cent-an-hour
wage increase for all hourly rated employees, with
varying divisional increases for drivers paid on a
mileage basis to provide a uniform rate. An
additional 8-cent increase in hourly rates or 0.2cent a mile for drivers was scheduled for 1959.
Other changes included increased holiday pay and
a fourth week of vacation after 25 years’ service.
On November 20, members of the Transport
Workers Union ratified a 10-cent-an-hour wage
increase, effective November 16, and an addi­
tional 8-cent pay advance for January 15, 1960,
for about 6,700 operating and maintenance em­
ployees of the Philadelphia Transit Co. Mini­
mum pension benefits were raised by $10 a month,
to $180 including social security, and were to be
increased to $190 in 1960. An unusual feature of
the contract—scheduled to run until January 15,
1961—is a clause reportedly providing that there
will be no layoffs of TWU members until March 15,
1960, and after that date, any layoffs will be sub­
ject to review and arbitration.
About 5,000 truckdrivers employed by bulk
gas and oil companies in the Chicago area received
10- or 12-cent wage increases, effective November
1, under terms of a 1-year contract negotiated by
the Teamsters. New pay scales brought the
hourly rate to $2.85 for daywork and $2.97 for
nightwork; other contractual improvements called
for increased employer contributions to the health
and welfare and pension funds.

66

Agreement on a portwide seniority hiring system
for New York dockworkers, represented by the
International Longshoremen’s Association (Ind.)
and employed by members of the New York
Shipping Association, Inc., was announced on
November 11. Basic terms for most of the agree­
ment were worked out between the employer’s
association and the union in the summer of 1958;
unresolved issues were submitted to an arbitrator.
The hiring system was to be based on the various
types of “gangs” working at the piers. Permanentvacancies in gangs are to be filled on a seniority
basis, first from men of the same pier in which
the vacancy occurs, second from men of the same
geographic section of their pier, and finally from
all other workers. Other provisions define the
procedures used in filling temporary vacancies and
for hiring nongang workers, such as baggage
porters.
The problem of waterfront automation was the
topic of a mass meeting attended by about 17,500
members of the same union on November 18.
The dockers—who left their jobs from noon to
7 p. m.—heard speakers attack automation as
a threat to their jobs, and served notice on the
New York Shipping Association, Inc., that it
would have to “share the benefits” of automation
with the workers who might be displaced. Of
particular concern to the union was the use of
conveyor belts and cargo elevators in ships, and
of large containers and trailers loaded away from
the piers. One means of sharing the benefits of
increased productivity, according to Anthony
Anastasia (an ILA international vice president),
would be to increase the call-in guarantee to 6
hours from the present 4 hours. A speech read
for Thomas W. Gleason (the union’s international
general organizer who was unable to attend be­
cause of illness) stated the union was “prepared
to sit down now with the operators” to work out
the problems. The union’s contract with the
Shipping Association expires on September 30,
1959.
An agreement between Local 153 of the Office
Employes International Union and the Belgian
Line in the port of New York reportedly made
provision for retraining of office workers affected
by technological changes. A major feature of
the contract, reportedly, was a total 27%-percent


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

wage increase—10% percent retroactive to August
14, 1958, and the remainder effective January 1,
1959—in lieu of future bonuses. Previously, the
line had given a Christmas bonus as well as
bonuses on an irregular basis; these bonuses will
be paid in lump sums for 1958. Also included in
the contract was a $20-a-month per worker com­
pany payment for welfare benefits and increased
vacations.
Other Wage Developments. The Bureau of Labor
Statistics’ Consumer Price Index for October re­
mained, for the third consecutive month, at 123.7
percent of the 1947-49 average. The cost-ofliving allowances for about 800,000 of the workers
affected by contracts with escalator clauses geared
to the October CPI were left unchanged. Ap­
proximately 200,000 workers, at Westinghouse
Electric Corp., Deere and Co., and some aircraft
plants, however, were due for a 1-cent-an-hour
reduction in their quarterly allowances.
The executive council of the Textile Workers
Union of America announced on November 19
that it would seek a general wage increase for its
members. The union asserted that in the 2 years
since the industry’s latest general wage increase,
workers in other industries had received increases
“ranging from 23 cents to 34 cents an hour,” and
living costs had risen 5.1 percent. Specific goals
were to be spelled out in February when union
delegates meet to discuss bargaining strategy
relative to spring negotiations with northern
cotton, rayon, and woolen manufacturers.
Opposition to a general wage increase in the
textile industry was expressed by J. Spencer Love,
chairman and president of the unorganized Burl­
ington Industries, Inc., but he proposed a 2-step
increase in the Federal minimum wage from $1 to
$1.25. He stated that intense competition among
textile concerns would prevent the industry from
following any increases put into effect even by
leaders in the industry and would put companies
granting an increase at a distinct cost disadvan­
tage. He also stated that a raise in the minimum
wage “would require upward adjustments in
textile pay classifications all along the line.”
“This would be desirable,” he qualified, “if ac­
companied by a general uplifting of the overall
economy of the industry.”

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

Union Activities
A F L —C I O
E x e c u tiv e
C o u n c il.
The quarterly
meeting of the AFL-CIO Executive Council, held
in Washington, D. C., November 6 and 7, focused
on organized labor’s legislative goals and the prob­
lem of corruption within its ranks. For achieving
“an end to recession and mass unemployment,”
the council called upon the Congress to adopt a
10-point program including the following features:
(1) Implementation of the Employment Act of
1946 through such measures as public works and
assistance to depressed areas; (2) Federal aid to
education; (3) revisions in the Fair Labor Stand­
ards Act, including an increase in the minimum
wage from $1 to $1.25 an hour and extended
coverage, particularly to workers in the service
trades; (4) modernization of the unemployment
compensation system; and (5) a more compre­
hensive public housing program.
The council reiterated its views on proposed
labor legislation and, in particular, urged repeal of
section 14 (b) of the Labor Management Relations
Act of 1947 which gives precedence to State laws
on compulsory unionism if they are more restric­
tive than provisions of the Federal act. All State
laws have taken the form of “right to work” laws.
On the issue of corruption in unions, the council
noted that it had taken “major steps” to clear
its ranks, but that “our anticorruption campaign
cannot reach unions outside our ranks . . . ” and
renewed its pledge to seek the adoption of pro­
posals, such as those in the defeated Kennedy-Ives
bill,11 to “eliminate opportunities for corruption
while at the same time preserving the traditional
and legitimate functions of trade unions.” A
4-man committee, to be headed by AFL-CIO
President George Meany, was created and directed
to “devote itself immediately to the problem of
securing this . . . legislation.”
The council reviewed “cleanup” steps taken by
several AFL-CIO affiliates in light of revelations
by the U. S. Senate Select Committee on Improper
Activities in the Labor or Management Field.
According to Mr. Meany, three unions—the Meat
n See Monthly Labor Review, August 1958, pp. 904-905.
12
The Carpenters’ president has been faced with a charge of conspiring to
bribe an Indiana State official in a highway land scandal (in Monthly Labor
Review, November 1957, p. 1383), and of alleged misuse of union funds (in
M onthly Labor Review, August 1958, p. 905).


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67
Cutters, the Hotel and Restaurant Workers, and
the Operating Engineers—had made “consider­
able progress” toward full compliance with the
federation’s ethical practices codes. Although
progress of two other unions—the United Textile
Workers and the Distillery Workers—was termed
“completely satisfactory,” their monitorship would
be continued for the time being.
The president of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners, Maurice A. Hutcheson,
had been invited to appear before the council to
explain allegations made in testimony before two
Congressional committees.12 Mr. Meany said,
however, that the Carpenters convention, held in
St. Louis the week following the council’s meet­
ing had prevented Hutcheson’s attendance in
Washington, but that the council was willing to
hold a special meeting at a week’s notice to accom­
modate him, or to discuss the problem with him
at its next regularly scheduled meeting in Febru­
ary 1959.
O th e r U n i o n A c t i v i t i e s .
At the quadrennial con­
vention of the Carpenters union, delegates re­
elected President Hutcheson to a new 4-year
term. He flatly denied before the convention all
charges of misconduct that have been leveled
against him. Dissatisfaction with AFL-CIO jurisdictional policies involving the Carpenters led the
delegates to adopt a resolution empowering the
executive board to withdraw the 850,000-member
union from the AFL-CIO. The resolution de­
clared that “actions and policies by the AFL-CIO
and statements by [its! leaders . . . threaten and
jeopardize the best interests and welfare” of the
union. Hutcheson assured the convention that
the executive board “has no intention of abusing
[the] authority” to withdraw and that it would be
used “only as a last resort.”
In other developments, the convention approved
another resolution charging the AFL-CIO In­
dustrial Union Department with encroaching on
“traditional craft jurisdiction” and voted down
adoption of the AFL-CIO ethical practices codes.
The executive board of the International Ladies’
Garment Workers’ Union assembled in Puerto
Rico on November 17 for its regular semiannual
meeting. Policies approved by the board in­
cluded one calling for an increase in the Federal

68

minimum wage from $1 to $1.25 in the United
States and by 25 cents (current minimums range
from 40 cents to $1) for Puerto Rican workers.
David Dubinsky, international president, reported
on the growth of the garment industry in Puerto
Rico—from 10,500 workers in 1949 to 22,000 cur­
rently.
Other Developments
Investigations. The U. S. Senate Select Committee
on Improper Activities in the Labor or Manage­
ment Field resumed in November its probings into
labor-management relations, stressing investiga­
tion of charges of illegal secondary boycott activ­
ities. Much of the testimony was concerned with
dynamiting and other violence connected with the
enforcement of hot-cargo clauses (agreements
that permit employees of one company to refuse to
handle goods of another company involved in a
labor dispute). One trucking employer testified
his unorganized employees were subjected to a
“campaign of violence, sabotage, and terror’’ after
he had refused to sign with the Teamsters union.
He said his company had subsequently suffered a
$1-million revenue loss before a court injunction
halted a boycott based upon hot-cargo clauses.
Another aspect of secondary boycotts was aired
when the committee looked into the jurisdictional
dispute between the Sheet Metal Workers Inter­
national Union and the United Steelworkers of
America over the former union’s refusal to install
industrial ventilating equipment manufactured by
members of the Steelworkers at the Burt Manu­
facturing Co. of Akron, Ohio.13 F. C. Sawyer,
executive vice president of the company, charged
that the Sheet Metal Workers actions had cost the
company between $3 and $4 million. William O.
Frost, business manager of the Sheet Metal
Workers’ Local 70 in Akron, denied that his union
had engaged in a secondary boycott or that it was
attempting to wrest the collective bargaining con­
tract away from the Steelworkers. He contended
workers at Burt were paid substandard wages
compared with similar shops organized by the
13 See Monthly Labor Review, October 1957, p. 1257.
14 These standards were recently revised effective in early October. See
M onthly Labor Review, November 1958, p. 1274.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Sheet Metal Workers and that the company
therefore enjoyed a “tremendous competitive
advantage.” The union’s action, he said, was
taken in order to protect “wage standards and
working conditions.”
Rulings. In a 2-1 decision, the National Labor
Relations Board ruled on November 14, that mem­
bers of a striking union must tell other workers
on the same job the purpose of a walkout to avoid
the charge of an illegal secondary boycott. The
Board’s ruling was based upon a dispute between
the Seafarers’ International Union and a derrick
company in which the picketing Seafarers had
refused to answer longshoremen’s questions about
the strike. Dissenting Board member John Fan­
ning argued that the ruling would unduly curb
the right of unions to strike and picket at work
projects employing members of more than one
union.
The NLRB also ruled in late November that
in cases concerning the Board’s jurisdictional14
standards with respect to the volume of business
of a company, an employer’s refusal to provide
the Board “with information relevant to [its] juris­
dictional determinations,” was not ground for de­
laying the Board’s determination of its jurisdiction.
The Board said that if an employer believed his
company too small to fall within the NLRB’s
jurisdictional standards, then the employer must
provide “relevant evidence as to the effect of its
operations on commerce,” or the board would
proceed as if the company were within its juris­
diction. The case was based on a Teamsters local
union petition for a representation election at
Tropicana Products, Inc., of Bradenton, Fla.
The U. S. Department of Labor announced that
effective February 2, 1959, it was increasing the
salary limits used in determining who may be
excluded as executives and as professional and
administrative employees from coverage of the
hours provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act
to $80 and $95 a week, respectively. They had
been $55 and $75. The minimum for higher paid
employees, who qualify for exemption under
“shortened duty tests,” will be raised from $100
to $125. Exemption regulations pertaining to
duties and responsibilities were left unchanged.

Book Reviews
and Notes

E d it o r ’s N

o t e .— L i s t i n g o f a p u b l i c a t i o n i n

th is

s e c tio n i s j o r r e c o r d a n d r e je r e n c e o n ly a n d d o e s
n o t c o n s titu te a n e n d o r s e m e n t o f p o i n t o f v i e w
or ad vo ca cy o f u se.

Special Reviews
By
Emmette S. Redford. Birmingham, Ala.,
University of Alabama Press, 1958. 168 pp.
$2.50.
This series of lectures on ideals and practices
in public administration is a forthright, wellexpressed, and perceptive analysis of the subject
and should prove valuable in increasing the under­
standing of the role and responsibility of adminis­
trators lor constructive service for the welfare of
all people.
Professor Redford poses certain questions: “Is
there a public philosophy for administration?
Can the philosophy be stated with reasonable
clarity? Is the philosophy consonant with reality,
with things as they are or as they may be? Have
we built a behemoth in our midst which moves
only by the propulsions of circumstance toward
no end at all? Or is there virtue, measured by the
needs and ideals of man, in the inner workings and
outward effects of this new giant?” To provide
answers to these questions he considers in detail
five ideals which permeate the practice of public
administration—efficiency, the rule of law, com­
petence and responsibility, democracy, and public
interest. He shows how these ideals are embodied
or could be most effectively embodied in adminis­
trative practice.
Service by competent and responsible men is
recognized as the key to good administration.
Progress in the development of professionalization
of the public service and the strength and weak­
nesses of this development are clearly stated.
Ways and means are outlined for developing

I d e a l a n d P r a c tic e in P u b lic A d m in is tr a tio n .


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among civil servants a “quality of mind which
finds honor and integrity in doing the job ac­
cording to the ideals of a professional group.”
The author points out that in recent years
progress in this direction was held up by the in­
discriminate and ignorant attacks upon the public
service and the excesses of the loyalty and security
programs. He suggests that it may take a genera­
tion to overcome the fears and the loss of pride gen­
erated by these suspicions and distrust. For­
tunately, the tide has turned and now great em­
phasis is being given to eliminating the obstacles
to recruitment and retention of able personnel.
The final chapter outlines the progress made in
Federal, State, and city governments in meeting
the ideals of efficiency, competence, democratic
control, and protection of the public interest in
administration. States, as a whole, have lagged
behind the Federal Government and the cities,
but even here, there are notable examples of
progress. Critics of public administration are
advised to take a new look at the arrangements in
government which are gradually being built up to
check and direct the actions of employees and to
provide channels for regularizing administrative
practices.
Professor Redford’s analyses and recommenda­
tions should prove a valuable addition to the
literature on public administration.
— C la r a

M.

B eyer

Former Associate Director of the Bureau of
Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor
T h e W o r ld o f W o r k : I n d u s tr ia l S o c ie ty a n d H u m a n

By Robert Dubin. Englewood
Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1958.
448 pp., bibliography. $7.95.
Robert Dubin’s World of Work is the first of
two volumes entitled Industrial Society and
Human Relations. The second volume will treat
Working Union-Management Relations. The first
volume is an attempt to integrate insights from
the behavioral studies with man’s workaday world.
It is divided into five parts: Work in Modern
Society, Organization of Work, Working Popula­
tion, Getting Work Done, and Management of
Work Organizations.
It is difficult to assess the importance of the
material presented. One does get the feeling
that it sometimes belabors the obvious and
69
R e la tio n s .

TO

formulates the trivial. For example, the first
page of the text states: “Work organizations exist
because an organizing system is necessary to
meet the conditions of modern work.”
The author builds his theme around the formu­
lation that “New ways of working together and
new systems of social relationships have been, and
are still being, invented.” This opens the way
for a host of new “social scientists,” each staking
out a professional jurisdiction in the world of work
with the same intensive attention to defining the
boundaries of new professional areas that the
carpenters and metal workers might give to a
jurisdictional conflict over who should install a new
metal window. It is highly problematical, in this
reviewer’s opinion, whether this continuous em­
phasis on much of the new behavioral science
approach reveals insights to those engaged in the
work process.
There is enthusiasm expressed, in the chapter
on automation, over the fact that “The period
of the intuitive executive . . . seems to be
closing.” Herbert Simon of Carnegie Tech, in a
recent speech before the Operation Research
Society of America, predicted that ultimately the
computer will offer all solutions to problems and
make intuitive human judgment obsolete.
The facts indicate that automatic data-processing equipment seldom offers more than a number
of contradictory alternatives, each accompanied
by a probability distribution. Moreover, the
answer is based on intuitive assumptions that were
disguised at the time the information was fed to
the computer. It remains to be determined
whether an intuitive judgment at the information
feeding stage is necessarily superior to an intuitive
judgment at the conclusion stage. To be sure,
this is not to minimize the usefulness of the
computer for relatively minor though mathe­
matically complex problems like: What is the most
economical way to distribute warehouses and
trucking equipment, given a fixed level of pro­
duction?
But it is this very level of production, dependent
upon short-term market forecasts in an instable
world, that escapes the computer and the be­
havioral student. The computer is a useful
tool, of course, but I have a hunch that intuition
is here to stay for quite a while.
The computer is even more limited when we
consider that our most critical decisions are


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

irreversible one-shot decisions. Our probability
distribution would be useful if we were permitted
a large number of chances to make a large number
of decisions. The relative frequency basis of
probability, given this situation, would no doubt
protect us in the long run. The trouble is that,
in the long run, we’re dead. The mathematical
behavioral sciences have become the great prestige
bearers of our current society. They shape the
intellectual climate in very much the same manner
that Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution guided
the fashionable intellectual climate of the 19th
century. Just as the theory of evolution was both
applied and misapplied in its time, so mathe­
matics is sometimes misused to create Procrustean
models that distort thinking.
The combination of mathematics and behavioral
studies in the business education area has at­
tracted some enthusiastic academic attention.
Under the circumstances, the text should sell
well—while the vogue lasts.
— W illiam G omberg
Visiting Professor of Industrial Relations
Columbia University

H um an

R e la tio n s

and

M odern

M a n a g e m e n t.

Edited by E. M. Hugh-Jones. Amsterdam,
North-Holland Publishing Co., 1958. x, 256
__ pp. $5.30.
Human Relations and Modern Management
contains a series of articles dealing with human
relations problems on the shop floor, when labor
is organized, and at the highest levels of manage­
ment itself. Viewed as a whole, the chapters are
mainly of high quality, informative but not too
well integrated. However, the book more than
compensates for any lack in integration by pre­
senting a sober, systematic, thoughtful discussion
of human and industrial relations problems.
Owing to space limitations, only a few comments
can be made about each chapter. Meij presents
a stimulating discussion of traditional manage­
ment concepts while, at the same time, weaving
in new ideas and fresh suggestions. At times, he
becomes rather definitive with generalizations that
are not necessarily supported by research. On
the other hand, the chapter is full of hypotheses
capable of research. Scott’s chapter on the
factory as a social system is good in terms of

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

what it presents, but what it presents is not
enough and, at times, is out of date. The works
of such men as Bakke, Whyte, Blau, Moore,
Simon, Jaques, and Likert are a few examples not
even mentioned. In spite of these limitations,
the manager, trade union leader, or the beginning
student will find the chapter helpful.
The chapter by Kahn on Human Relations on
the Shop Floor is rich with empirical data, care­
fully integrated and systematically presented,
but unfortunately primarily limited to the group
at the Survey Research Center of the University
of Michigan. The discussion of why men work,
seen as a need-goal-path hypothesis is excellent.
Young’s chapter on Organized Labor and Man­
agement (in the United States) is a descriptive
discussion of the history and present state of
American union-management relations, but it
offers little that is new in the way of documenta­
tion, insights, or concepts. Ross’ discussion of
the same subject for England, however, is not
only more complete, but alive with cogent dis­
cussions of some of the major issues. The next
chapter, written by Brech, deals with human
management problems of boards of directors.
It is provocative, unusually frank (for a con­
sultant), and incisive. Revan’s chapter on the
relationship of size of the organization and man­
agement on the one hand and human relations on
the other, is most thorough. It presents an
unusually detailed historical discussion, followed
by a systematic and thorough analysis showing
that size is a relevant variable in human relations
of the firm. The final chapter by Bakke on the
Function of Management is a fine example of the
valuable insights that result when a scholarly,
thoughtful thinker brings to bear a systematic
theory on basic problems of management. His
analysis of management’s assumption regarding
human relations is most discerning. His dis­
cussion of the human resources function should be
a must for all executives.
The editor, E. M. Hugh-Jones, has selected
scholars of note to contribute to the book. The
result is an excellent contribution that empha­
sizes analysis rather than description; basic issues
rather than surface arguments; and thought over
“gimmicks.”
— C h r is A r g y r is
Department of Industrial Administration
Yale University
491308 t—59-

■7


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71
Japan’s Economic Recovery. By G. C. Allen.
London, Royal Institute of International
Affairs, 1958. 215 pp., bibliography. $4.75,
Oxford University Press, New York.
Industrial Relations in Postwar Japan. By Solo­
mon B. Levine. Urbana, 111., University of
Illinois Press, 1958. 200 pp., bibliography.
$4.25.
These two books complement each other and
the reader would find it both profitable and enjoy­
able to read each in conjunction with the other.
The first is concerned with quantitative descrip­
tion and analysis of the Japanese economy; the
second explains the labor relations aspects of the
economy in terms of the culture, traditions, and
social-psychological framework of Japanese society.
Allen’s volume begins with a brief history of
economic developments in the 1930’s, against
which post-World-War II developments can be
seen. Separate chapters are devoted to the
various sectors—monetary and banking systems,
agriculture, manufacturing, textile industries, en­
gineering industries, the Zaibatsu (wealthy fam­
ilies whose holdings were broken up during the
occupation period), industrial relations and union­
ism, and foreign trade. In tracing through the
postwar developments, the close ties between
Japan and the United States become evident.
During the occupation period, we formulated
economic policy, and as our policy changed, so
did the Japanese economy. The Korean conflict
and the attendant large-scale offshore purchases
which the United States made in Jap*an, acted as
a powerful stimulus to the Japanese economy.
The policies and practices of the United States
toward Japan, in turn, reflected our own foreign
policy and our need for a strong ally in the Far
Pacific. Thus, the Japanese economy made a
remarkable recovery from the almost complete
devastation to which it had been reduced by World
War II.
The reader interested in Japan would do well to
read the United Nations publication, Economic
Survey of Asia and the Far East, 1957, chapter 2,
Growth and Structural Change in a Private
Enterprise Economy [Japan]. Although the main
picture drawn here is substantially the same as
Allen’s, the Economic Survey carries much of the
analysis to a more recent date. Furthermore,
and what is of the most importance, the Survey
emphasizes more succinctly the nature of the

72
basic problem—the fundamental imbalance be­
tween population and resources. In short, how
can the volume of unemployment and underem­
ployment be reduced when under existing condi­
tions all the evidence suggests that even very great
economic growth in the future will be accompanied
by large increases in the size of the working force,
thus maintaining previous levels of unemployment
and underemployment?
The student who wishes to pursue further the
question of population growth in Japan will do
well to read Irene Taeuber’s Population of Japan
(Princeton University Press, 1958). Both Allen’s
and Levine’s books will be better understood
against this background information.
Industrial relations and labor unions in Japan,
as Levine points out, are largely concerned with
the employees of large-scale, modern-type eco­
nomic enterprises, plus some government organ­
izations where the large majority of workers are
unionized. Perhaps 15 percent of the employed
population of Japan were members of labor unions
in 1956. There is virtually no unionism in
agriculture, which engages almost half the workers
and which is operated largely by self-employed
and unpaid family workers. In private nonagricultural sectors in which small enterprises abound—
trade, finance, insurance, real estate, service
industries, and in factories employing under 30
workers'—hardly one-tenth of the workers are
unionized.
Levine describes in considerable detail the his­
tory of labor unions in Japan and their operation,
past and present. What is most significant to
this reviewer is his description of how Japanese
unionism fits into the overall Japanese social
structure and, in particular, how it grew out of the
historical relationship between the employer and
the employee, expressed as the father-child rela­
tionship, oyabun-kobun.
Unions in Japan are organized largely around
the individual establishment—enterprise unionism.
Within this framework, unions have attempted to
provide “an opportunity for the industrial workers
to secure their status in Japanese society, rather
than to attempt to build a wholly new set of
relationships.” Because of the great excess of
labor supply over demand, this has meant, in
effect, building protective devices around that
portion of the working force which has obtained
permanent employment status within the indi­

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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

vidual enterprise, and protecting it against the
hordes of others who wish to achieve permanent
jobs.
Much of what we refer to as fringe benefits and
for which United States labor unions may bargain,
is either provided by law or, as a matter of social
custom, falls within the oyabun-kobun relation­
ships. Wage rates also are customarily deter­
mined by a multitude of factors such as age,
number of dependents, length of service, and sex,
so that almost all workers have their own indi­
vidual wage rate. Hence, there is relatively little
room for collective bargaining in connection with
benefits and wage rates.
Nevertheless, Japanese labor unionism has
taken steps in the general direction of the more
dynamic unionism of Western Europe and the
United States. The cold hands of the past still
weigh on Japanese unionism, but in addition, the
events of the present and the future will help
shape it. In this connection, Levine emphasizes
that the most important factor of all perhaps
will be the economic situation. In a prosperous
Japan, trade unionism will become stronger; in a
depressed and stagnant economy, the values of
individual subservience again may become
strengthened.
—A. J. J a f f e
Bureau of Applied Social Research
Columbia University

History oj the United States Civil Service. By Paul
P. Van Riper. Evanston, 111., Row, Peterson
and Co., 1958. 588 pp. $7.50.
Here is a much needed history of the United
States Civil Service which brings together a great
deal of material of interest both to the lay reader
and to the personnel specialist. Paul Van Riper
has described the development of American public
service from 1789 to the present. He has at­
tempted to interpret this historical development
in terms of political, economic, and social events
and influences which shaped it. Fittingly enough,
this volume was completed on the 75th anniver­
sary of the Pendleton Act, the cornerstone of
today’s Federal Civil Service.
Van Riper views public service of the Federalist
years as a reflection of the conservative voting
public in whose interest it served. Selection of
personnel was based on “competence, character,
and loyalty to the constitution.” The latter re-

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

quirement was, of course, highly political. He
continues by discussing the changing character of
the American society in the early 1800’s which
brought, in 1829, the spoils system. Present-day
critics, he feels, often forget that the spoils system
was introduced as a reform: it provided a political
solution to the problems of growing democracy
in the West and an administrative solution to the
problems of recruitment for a growing civil
establishment.
However, as with most reforms, in time the
spoils system became a bulwark of the estab­
lished order. As this order came under attack
after the Civil War, so did the system. Congress
attempted, not too successfully, to gain control
by regulating dismissals from the service through
the Tenure of Office Act; i. e., to close the back
door of public service. More successful was the
later attempt, through the Pendleton Act, to close
the front door by controlling entry into the civil
service.
By the turn of the century, it was clear that
this attempt to legislate morality through the
Pendleton Act was not enough, and attention
was turned toward the improvement of the Na­
tion’s political and administrative machinery.
Under President Theodore Roosevelt, the public
began to feel the influence of this drive for ad­
ministrative and organizational reform. It is in
this period that civil service reform started its
transition into public personnel administration.
Woodrow Wilson entered office as an avowed
friend of the merit system but, according to the
author, he paradoxically checked the growth of
that system. For, to secure legislative approval
of his program, he used the President’s timehonored weapon—patronage. Twenty years later,
civil service reform again became secondary to
other, more pressing social problems.
In the 1920’s, there was a gradual expansion of
the competitive section of the public service until,
in 1932, 80 percent of Federal service positions
were under the merit system. According to Van
Riper, the twenties also saw considerable prog­
ress toward a centrally organized public per­
sonnel system.
In 1933, this system received a setback when
there was a resurgence of the spoils system be­
cause of President Roosevelt’s use of patronage to
secure favorable Congressional consideration of his
program. Only 5 of the 60-odd agencies which

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73
were set up by the end of 1934 were placed under
the jurisdiction of the Civil Service Commission.
Van Riper discusses some of the reasons for this,
such as the need for emergency action. He also
points out that the early New Deal patronage
differed from the traditional partisan type in that
a new group shared in the favors. For the first
time, the college-bred middle class—the intel­
lectuals from universities and young lawyers were
attracted to the Federal service in significant
numbers.
The author feels, however, that this was still
patronage, regardless of the reasons for it or who
was rewarded, and was thus harmful to the merit
system. In 1936, attention was again turned to
civil service improvement.
The author continues his excellent history to
early 1958, reviewing events too recent to warrant
repetition here. Within this broad framework of
the development of the American public service,
he treats the detail of the Federal personnel sys­
tem. The interested reader will find a wealth of
information on the growth of the Civil Service
Commission, departmental personnel manage­
ment, pay, employee relations, and many other
byways of this subject.
What does Van Riper see as the most pressing
problems of the Federal service in 1958? One is the
recruitment of competent political executives. He
regards patronage as unable to supply the needed
talent and, therefore, obsolete for this purpose. A
second problem is the legal and moral issues sur­
rounding the rights and duties of public employees.
Third, there is a problem which he feels is implicit
in the Pendleton Act. This act, designed as a re­
form to regulate entry into public service, has also
developed as a control over exit from this service.
As a result, the power of dismissal has been so cur­
tailed, both by administrative rule and court deci­
sion, that in effect, there has been created a prop­
erty right in office. The author concludes that the
Federal Civil Service under the Pendleton Act,
like the spoils system it replaced, has developed
into a conservative institution. He calls for a new
theory of American public administration, sup­
planting the one embodied in the act, which looks
to the future rather than to the past.
— F ran k A . Y eager
Office of Personnel Administration
U. S. Department of Labor

74
Apprenticeship
A Report of Utah’s 1958 Apprenticeship Training Survey.
Salt Lake City, Utah Department of Employment
Security, 1958. 115 pp. Free.
A Comparison of Building Industry Apprenticeships in
the U. S. A. and Western Australia. By Norman F.
Dufty. Champaign, University of Illinois, Institute
of Labor and Industrial Relations, 1958. 11 pp.
(Reprint Series, 65; from Journal of the American
Society of Training Directors, June 1958.) 10 cents.

Employment and Unemployment
Work Experience in Puerto Rico, Calender Year 1957.
San Juan, Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, [1958]. 14 pp. (Special Report on the
Labor Force, 19.) In English and Spanish.
Recent Trends in Employment and Unemployment. {In
International Labor Review, Geneva, September
1958, pp. 291-315. 60 cents. Distributed in United
States by Washington Branch of ILO.)
British and American Approaches to Structural Unemploy­
ment. By William H. Miernyk. {In Industrial and
Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N. Y., October 1958,
pp. 3-19. $1.75.)

Health and Health Insurance
Annual Report of the [Tennessee Valley Authority] Division
of Health and Safety, Fiscal Year 1958. Chattanooga,
Tennessee Valley Authority, 1958. 39 pp.
Motivation of the Patient in Rehabilitation. By Leonard E.
Himler, M.D. {In Industrial Medicine and Surgery,
Chicago, September 1958, pp. 439-442. 75 cents.)
The Extent of Voluntary Health Insurance Coverage in the
United States as of December 81, 1957: Twelfth Annual
Survey. New York, Health Insurance Council, 1958.
32 pp. Free.
The Problems of Sickness Insurance. By Jérôme Dejardin.
{In Bulletin of the International Social Security
Association, Geneva, July-August 1958, pp. 305-317.)

Labor Legislation
Comparison of Temporary Disability Insurance Laws,
December 1958. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, 1958. 4 pp.
(U-142.) Free.
Comparison of State Unemployment Insurance Laws as of
January 1, 1958. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, 1958.
145 pp. (BES U-141.) 45 cents, Superintendent of
Documents, Washington.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959
Federal-State Regulations of Welfare Funds.
Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., 1958.

Washington,
136 pp. $4.

Federal Preemption in the Field of Labor-Management
Relations— A Bibliography. By Mary R. Heslet.
Washington, Library of Congress, Legislative Refer­
ence Service, October 1958. 13 pp. (HD 7801.)
[Illinois] State Labor Relations Laws. Springfield, Illinois
Legislative Council, 1958. v, 48 pp. (Legislative
Council Publication 131, prepared pursuant to Pro­
posal 474.)
Trade Union Law and Practice, [Great Britain]. By
Horatio Vester and Anthony H. Gardner. London,
Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd., 1958. xxx, 300 pp. 35s.
Labor Law {No. 1 for 1958). Baghdad, Government of
Iraq, Ministry of Social Affairs, 1958. 70 pp.

Labor-Management Relations
Industrial Relations, Manipulative or Democratic? By
Hilda Weiss Parker. {In American Journal of
Economics and Sociology, New York, October 1958,
pp. 25-33. $1.)
Workers’ Control of Industry in Europe. By Frederic
Meyers. {In Southwestern Social Science Quarterly,
Austin, Tex., September 1958, pp. 100-111.)
Participation of Workers in Management in the Soviet
Union. {In Industry and Labor, Geneva, October 1,
1958, pp. 252-257. 25 cents. Distributed in United
States by Washington Branch of ILO.)

Labor Organizations
The Union Shop Deauthorization Poll. By Chester A.
Morgan. {In Industrial and Labor Relations Review,
Ithaca, N. Y., October 1958, pp. 79-85. $1.75.)
Membership Participation in Union Affairs. Princeton,
N. J., Princeton University, Industrial Relations
Section, November 1958. 4 pp. (Selected Referen­
ces, 84.) 30 cents.
A History of the National Union of Boot and Shoe Opera­
tives, 1874-1957. By Alan Fox. Oxford, England,
Basil Blackwell & Mott, Ltd., 1958. 684 pp. 35s.
Report of the Proceedings at 90th Annual [British] Trades
Union Congress, Bournemouth, September 1-5, 1958.
London, Trades Union Congress, 1958. 534 pp.

Older Citizens
Free Time— Challenge to Later Maturity. (Papers pre­
sented at University of Michigan Tenth Anniversary
Conference on Aging, June 24-26, 1957.) Edited by
Wilma Donahue and others. Ann Arbor, Mich.,
University of Michigan Press, 1958. 172 pp. $4.50.

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

75

New York State Activities in the Field of the Aging, 19551958. [Albany, N. Y., 1958]. 44 pp. Available
from Office of the Special Assistant, Problems of the
Aging, Albany.

lind Roth. (In Journal of Business, University of
Chicago, School of Business, Chicago, October 1958,
pp. 318-334. $2.25. Also reprinted.)

Symposia of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Gerontological
Society, Cleveland, Ohio, November 1-2, 1957. (In
Journal of Gerontology, St. Louis, Mo., Supplement
No. 2, July 1958, pp. 1-69.)

Profit Sharing at Baker Manufacturing Company, Evans­
ville, Wisconsin, 1899—1958. By Harold E. Kubly.
Madison, University of Wisconsin, Bureau of Business
Research and Service, 1958. 106 pp., bibliography.
(Wisconsin Commerce Reports Vol. 5, No. 2.) $1.15.

Personnel Management and Practices
Angel’s National Directory of Personnel Managers. Com­
piled by Juvenal L. Angel. New York, World Trade
Academy Press, Inc., 1958. 343 pp. 4th ed. $20.
Motion and Time Study: An Introduction to Methods, Time
Study, and Wage Payment. By Benjamin W. Niebel.
Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1958. 494
pp., bibliography. Rev. ed. $8.70.
Creativity and Conformity: A Problem for Organizations.
Ann Arbor, Mich., Foundation for Research on
Human Behavior, 1958. 46 pp., bibliography. $3.
Grievance Procedures for Unorganized Employees.
ington, Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., 1958.
(Personnel Policies Forum Survey 49.) $1.

Wash­
13 pp.

Cynicism and Managerial Morality. By Benjamin M.
Selekman. (In Harvard Business Review, Boston,
September-October 1958, pp. 61-71. $2.)

Production and Productivity
Production Costs Here and Abroad— A Comparative Study
of the Experience of American Manufacturers. By
Theodore R. Gates. New York, National Industrial
Conference Board, Inc., 1958. 136 pp. (Studies in
Business Economics, 61.)
International Comparisons of Productivity Trends. By
Colin Clark. (In Journal of Business, University
of Chicago, School of Business, Chicago, October 1958,
pp. 267-279. $2.25.)
Interfirm Comparison for Management. By Herbert Ing­
ham and L. Taylor Harrington. [London], British
Institute of Management, 1958. 70 pp., bibliography.
(Management Economics Series, 3.) 17s. 6d. plus
6d. postage.

Profit Sharing
Implications of Negotiated Profit-Sharing Plans. By
David Dolnick. Champaign, 111., University of
Illinois, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations,
1958. 14 pp. (Lecture Series, 15.) 10 cents.
Collective Bargaining Over Profit-Sharing: The Automo­
bile Union’s Effort to Extend Its Frontier of Control.
By Royal E. Montgomery, Irwin M. Stelzer, Rosa­


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Instructional Material for Teaching Profit
the University Level. Compiled by J.
Evanston, 111., Profit Sharing Research
1958. 58 pp. $2; $1, to educators and

Sharing at
J. Jehring.
Foundation,
students.

Unemployment insurance
Legal and Political Aspects of the Integration of Unemploy­
ment Insurance and SU B Plans. By Jack Chernick
and Charles R. Naef. (In Industrial and Labor
Relations Review, Ithaca, N. Y., October 1958, pp.
20-34. $1.75.)
Experience Rating in Unemployment Compensation. By
Clinton Spivey. Urbana, University of Illinois,
Bureau of Economic and Business Research, 1958.
95 pp. (Bull. Series, 84.) $1.50.

Vocational Guidance
Occupational Literature: An Annotated Bibliography, 1958
Edition. By Gertrude Forrester. New York, H. W.
Wilson Co., 1958. 603 pp. $6.50.
Public Health as a Career of Medicine: Secondary Choice
Within a Profession. By Kurt W. Back and others.
(In American Sociological Review, Albany, N. Y.,
October 1958, pp. 533-541. $2.)
Mathematics and Your Career. Washington, U. S. Depart­
ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1958.
9 pp. Free.
Occupational Abstracts: Safety Engineer; Fireman. Peapack, N. J., Personnel Services, Inc., 1958. 6 pp.
each, bibliographies. (Nos. 215, 216, respectively.)
50 cents each; 25 cents to students.

Wages, Salaries, and Hours of Work
Occupational Wage Survey: New York, A pril 1958 (Bull.
1224-15, 32 pp., 25 cents); Atlanta, Ga., M ay 1958
(Bull. 1224-17, 27 pp., 25 cents). Washington, U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1958. Available from Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
Studies of the Effects of the $1 Minimum Wage— Wage
Structure (in Selected Areas): Canning and Freezing,
Raw Sugar, Tobacco Stemming and Redrying. Wash­
ington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1958. 80 pp. (BLS Report 136.) Free.

76
Wage Rates and Ranges for Selected Occupations in Cities
and Other Governmental Units, 1958— (Clerical Work­
ers, Social Case Workers, Park Employees, Laborers,
Hospital Employees, School Employees, Building
Service Workers). Chicago, Building Service Em­
ployees International Union, AFL-CIO, Department
of Research and Education, 1958. 23 pp.
Pay Rates in Hawaii—Private Employment, Government
Employment. Honolulu, Hawaii Employers Council,
1958. 124 pp. (Special Publication 36.)
Salaries Paid and Salary Practices in Universities, Col­
leges, and Junior Colleges, 1957-58. Washington,
National Education Association of the United States,
1958. 55 pp. (Higher Education Series, Research
Report 1958-R1.) $1.
Net Spendable Real Earnings in 4 West Coast Cities, 1940—
June 1958. By Max D. Kossoris. San Francisco,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statis­
tics, 1958. 20 pp. (S. F. Regional Report 5.) Free.
Escalator Clauses— Their Effect Upon Union Wages. By
Bette Silver. (In Labor Law Journal, Chicago,
November 1958, pp. 855-860. $1.)
Interracial Wage Structure in Certain Parts of Africa. (In
International Labor Review, Geneva, July 1958,
pp. 20-55. 60 cents. Distributed in United States
by Washington Branch of ILO.)
Verdienste und Löhne im Ausland: Arbeiterverdienste in
Ausgewählten Ländern, 1950 bis 1957. Wiesbaden,
Statistisches Bundesamt, 1958. 53 pp. (Preise,
Löhne, Wirtschaftsrechnungen, Reihe 12.) D M 3 .
Löner, 1956: Del II, Lantarbetare, Industriarbetare m. fl.
Stockholm, Socialstyrelsen, 1958. xx, 116 pp. (In
Swedish with table of contents and summary in
English.)

Women in Industry

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Workmen’s Compensation
Trends in Workmen’s Compensation—Coverage, Benefits,
and Costs. By Alfred M. Skolnik. (In Social
Security Bulletin, U. S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administra­
tion, Washington, August 1958, pp. 4-16, 30. 25
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
Workmen’s Compensation. By Clinton Fair. (In Labor’s
Economic Review, American Federation of Labor and
Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington,
August-September 1958, pp. 49-56.)

Miscellaneous
Company and Community: Case Studies in Industry-City
Relationships. By Wayne Hodges. New York,
Harper & Brothers, 1958. 360 pp. $4.50.
The Changing Character of American Industry: Papers
Delivered at a Conference Sponsored by the American
Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organ­
izations, January 16, 1958. Washington, American
Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial
Organizations, 1958. 86 pp. (Publication 67.) 75
cents.
40 Years of Public Employment Services for Veterans,

[and fiscal] July 1, 1957-June 80, 1958. Washington,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment
Security, Veterans Employment Service, 1958. 31
pp. Free.
Determinants of Appropriate Bargaining Unit by the
NLRB: Principles, Rules, and Policies. By Walter
L. Day kin. (In Fordham Law Review, New York,
Summer 1958, pp. 218-235. $1.50.)
The Japanese Factory: Aspects of Its Social Organization.
By James G. Abegglen. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 1958. 142 pp. $3.50, Free
Press, Glencoe, 111.

1958 Handbook on Women Workers. Washington, U. S.
Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1958. 153
pp. (Women’s Bureau Bull. 266.) 45 cents, Super­
intendent of Documents, Washington.

The Economy of Pakistan. By J. Russell Andrus and
Azizali F. Mohammed. Stanford, Calif., Stanford
University Press, 1958. 517 pp. $8.50.

Women Workers in California, 1957. San Francisco,
State Department of Industrial Relations, Division
of Labor Statistics and Research, 1958. 15 pp.

The Advent of the British Labor Party. By Philip P.
Poirier. New York, Columbia University Press,
1958. 288 pp., bibliography. $4.50.


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Current Labor Statistics
CONTENTS
A.—Employment and Payrolls
79 Table A -l.
80 Table A-2.
84 Table A-3.
Table A-4.
Table A-5.
88 Table A-6.
89 Table A-7.

Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establish­
ments, by industry
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State 1
Employees in manufacturing, by State 1
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of
unemployment compensation for Federal employees, by geographic
division and State
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected
operations

B.—Labor Turnover
90 Table B -l. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
91 Table B-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry

C.—Earnings and Hours
93 Table O -l.
108 Table C-2.
109 Table C-3.
109 Table C-4.
110 Table C-5.
111 Table C-6.
Table C-7.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers,
by industry
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc­
tion activities
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls in industrial and construction
activities
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by
State and selected area 1

i This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.


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77

78

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

CONTENTS—Continued
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
112 Table D -l. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: All items and
major groups of items
113 Table D—
2. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Food, housing,
apparel, transportation, and their subgroups
113 Table
3. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Special groups
of items
114 Table D- 4» Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Retail prices
and indexes of selected foods
115 Table D-5. Consumer Price Index—All items indexes, by city
116 Table D-6. Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
117 Table D—7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
118 Table D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
119 Table D-9. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
120 Table D—10. Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing
120 Table D -ll. Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product

E.—Work Stoppages
121 Table E -l.

Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes

F.—Building and Construction
122 Table F -l.
123 Table F-2.
124 Table F-3.
124 Table F-4.
125 Table F-5.
126 Table F-6.

Expenditures for new construction
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of
construction
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership,
class of construction, and type of building
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan
location and State
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by owner­
ship and location, and construction cost

G.—Work Injuries
127 Table G -l. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries 2
2 This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the Review


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A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

79

A.—Employment and Payrolls
T able

A -l.

Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and over 1

Employment status

1958
Nov.8 Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

1957 8
May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.»

Annual average
1957»

1956

Total, both sexes
Total labor force___________________ 71,112 71, 743 71,375 72,703 73,104 73,049 71,603 70,681 70,158 69,804 69.379 70,458
68,485 69, 111 68,740 70,067 70,473 70,418 68,965 68,027 67. 510 67,160 66,732 67. 770
3,833 3, 805 4,111 4,699 5,294 6,437 4,904 5,120 5,198 5,173 4,494 3,374
1,632 1, 522 1, 569 1,716 2,069 2,569 1, 778 1,725 1,753 1.946 2,007 1,593
695
644
667
933 1,198
875
930
933 1,153 1, 517 1,187
'857
272
225
436
399
357
372
444
677
845
562
435
297
499
581
573
678
798
931 1,146 1,301 1.045
795
556
380
735
888
811
972
872
689
605
585
401
353
309
246
64,653 65,306 64. 629 65,367 65,179 64, 981 64,061 62. 907 62,311 61,988 62,238 64,396
58,958 58, 902 58, 438 58, 746 58,461 5 8 081 5 7 78Q
44| 114 46i 522 46i 719 44, 440 42,289 45! 352 45j 619 44. 166 44, 206 43,213 44,764 46, 579
9. 915 7,221 6.381 6,099 6,336 6,668 7,147 7,840 7,789 8,218 7.317 7,343
3,146 3,062 2,751 2,522 2,749 2,863 3,224 3,190 3,346 3,252 3.147 3,188
1,783 2,094 2, 586 5, 684 7,087 3,198 1.799 2,153 1,899 2,476 2,007 1,901
5,695 6,404 6,191 6.621 6,718 6.900 6,272 5,558 5,072 4,830 4,998 5,385
3,750 4, 690 4.263 4.668 4,442 4, 861 4, 452 3,561 2,945 2,551 2.896 3,266
1,369 1, 212 1, 348 1,339 1,564 1,533 1,370 1,390 1,373 1,265 1,303 1,301
390
376
436
485
405
399
444
348
503
667
510
557
187
126
144
209
228
107
162
103
251
346
289
260

70,790

70, 746

70,387

68,061
3.188
1,724
'699
240
280
243
64,873
42.170
11. 558
3,090
2,239
5,817
3,586
1, 427
548
256

67, 946
2,936
1 , 485
'650
240
321
239
65,011
68,789
46,238
6,953
2, 777
2, 821
6,222
4,197
L 413
416
196

67, 530
2, 551
1,214
594
211
301
232
64,979
58, 394
46. 062
6, 715
2.648
2, 969
6, 585
4,577
1,399
416
192

48,126 47, 944 47,801 48,096 48,286

48, 649

48,579

45, 510
3, 743
41, 767
37,340
30, 552
4,087
1,427
1,273
4, 427
2, 777
1,000
420
230

45, 589
2.041
43,548
38,713
29,402
6,471
1,381
1,458
4,834
3,264
952
393
226

45,882
1,893
43,989
38, 952
32, 546
3,461
1, 197
1, 748
5,037
3,716
842
309
171

45, 756
1,608
44.148
38, 870
32,536
3,388
1,135
1,810
6,278
3,993
806
308
171

22,695 22, 987 22, 617 22,686 22,745 23,043 22,745 22,286 22,032 21,861 21, 578 22,362 22.506

22,097

21,808

22,064
1,043
21,021
19, 837
13,692
3,491
1, 580
1,073
1,184
482
571
107
25

21, 774
943
20,831
19, 524
13,526
3,327
1, 513
1,158
1,307
585
594
108
21

Civilian labor force................................
Unemployment....................................
Unemployed 4 weeks or less____
Unemployed 5-10 weeks____. . . .
Unemployed 11-14 weeks _____
Unemployed 15-26 weeks. .........
Unemployed over 26 weeks____
Employment........................................
Nonagricultural..... ....................
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours_______
Worked 1-14 h ours.......... .....
With a Job but not at work 4.
Agricultural.................................
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours_______
Worked 1-14 hours___ _____
With a job but not at work 4.

Males
Total labor force_____ ______ ______ 48,418 48,756 48,759 50,017 50,359 50,005 48,858 48,396
Civilian labor force................................. 45,822 46,155 46,155 47,412 47,759 47,406 46,252 45, 774
Unemployment_______________ _
2,504 2,454 2,615 3,081 3,513 3,521 3,266 3, 492
Employment....................................... 43,318 43, 701 43, 539 44, 331 44,247 43,884 42, 986 42. 282
Nonagricultural........................ 38,614 38, 693 38,623 39,040 38,901 38, 588 37,962 37, 578
Worked 35 hours or more___ 30,966 32,547 32.714 31.608 30,078 32,141 31,862 30, 867
Worked 15-34 hours_______ 5,160 3,505 3,119 3,065 3,362 3,418 3, 555 4,027
Worked 1-14 hours.............
1,294 1, 261 1,122 1,154 1,312 1.246 1,395 1,395
With a job but not at work 4_ 1,195 1,378 1,669 3,214 4,149 1,782 1,151 1,289
Agricultural_______ _______ _
4,704 5,008 4,916 5,291 5,346 5,296 5,024 4, 704
Worked 35 hours or more___ 3, 362 3, 961 3,691 4,058 3,906 4,214 3,930 3,281
Worked 15-34 hours________
866
787
660
742
912
733
753
947
Worked 1-14 hours________
308
281
313
330
307
261
247
329
With a Job but not at work 4_ 168
106
126
184
198
89
93
147

45, 332
3,632
41, 700
37, 429
29,833
4,326
1,494
1,776
4.271
2,393
971
586
321

45,186
3,141
42.045
37,646
31.093
3,788
1,437
1,325
4,399
2, 740
976
411
271

45, 440
2,392
43,047
38, 413
32,096
3,680
1,375
1,262
4,634
3,075
876
444
239

Females
Total labor force.

_ .....

Civilian labor force. ______________ 22,663
Unemployment... __
1,329
Employment........................................ 21,334
Nonagricultural____________ _ 20,343
Worked 35 hours or more___ 13,147
Worked 15-34 hours_______ 4,755
Worked 1-14 hours________ 1,852
With a job but not at work 4_ 589
Agricultural ___ ___________
991
Worked 35 hours or more___
388
Worked 15-34 hours_______
503
Worked 1-14 hours............. .
82
With a Job but not at work 4.
19

22,956
1,351
21,605
20, 209
13,975
3, 717
1,801
716
1,396
729
552
95
21

22,586
1,496
21. 090
19, 815
14.006
3,263
1,629
918
1,275
572
561
123
18

22, 655
1,619
21,03«
19, 706
12, 833
3,035
1,368
2, 471
1,330
610
597
98
25

22,714
1,781
20,933
19,560
12,211
2.974
1,437
2,939
1,373
536
652
156
29

1 Estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of households
and are subject to sampling variability. Data relate to the calendar week
ending nearest the 15th day of the month. The employed total includes all
wage and salary workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid workers in
family-operated enterprises. Persons in institutions are not included.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
* Beginning with January 1957, two groups numbering between 200,000 and
300,000 which were formerly classified as employed (under “with a job but
not at work”) were assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unem­
ployed. For a full explanation, see Monthly Report on the Labor Force,


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23,012
1,915
21,096
19, 493
13,210
3,250
1,617
1,416
1,603
647
801
138
18

22. 713
1,638
21,075
19,826
13, 757
3,592
1.829
648
1,249
522
617
100
10

22,254
1.629
20,625
19, 770
13.299
3,813
1,795
864
855
280
444
115
15

22.000
1,456
20, 544
19,899
13,654
3,701
1,919
625
645
169
373
83
20

21.829
1,541
20,288
19, 729
13,380
3,892
1, 759
700
559
159
294
81
25

21, 546
1,353
20,193
19, 594
13, 672
3,530
1. 711
681
599
156
327
99
18

22,330
981
21,349
20, 598
14, 483
3,663
1,813
639
751
191
425
113
22

22,473
1,147
21,326
20.343
12.768
5,086
1, 709
780
982
322
476
155
30

February 1957 (Current Population Reports, Labor Force, Series P-57,
No. 176).
8 Survey week contained legal holiday.
4
Includes persons who had a job or business but who did not work during
the survey week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor dispute.
Prior to January 1957, also included were persons on layoff with definite
instructions to return to work within 30 days of layoff and persons who had
new jobs to which they were scheduled to report within 30 days. Most of
the persons in these groups have, since that time, been classified as unem­
ployed.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

80
T able

A-2.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average

1957

1958
Industry
Nov. 2 Oct. 2 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan,

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

Total employees-------- ------ ------------------- 51,325 51,135 51, 237 50,576 50,178 50, 413 49, 949 49, 726 49, 690 49, 777 50. 477 52,610 52. 316 52,162 51,766
747
766
788
793
809
716
733
807
705
717
711
708
707
711
708
90.3
91.2
95. 9 97 8 101.2 104.9 106. 4 ill 2 108.8
92 9 91.7
88.8
90.7
89.3
89.3
Metal ___________________________
37.1
32 0 33.9
38.6
38.9
35.1
30. 4 28 7 27 6 31.3
29. 0 30.4
31.2
31.8
Iron _____________________________
30.4
29.3
29.9
30 6 32.6
28. 1 28.9
33.3
28.2
27.1
28.2
27.7
28.4
27.1
_______________________
Copper
15.0
14.6
13.9
14 1 14.4
14.8
17.4
16.7
12. 1 13.3
13.7
11.5
11.4
11.0
Lead and zinc_____________________
*
19.6
24 1 23.3
26.0
24.0
19.4
22.8
28. 4 29.3
19.2
20.0
18.1
18.5
19.3
A nth racite_________________________
Bituminous-coal_____________________ 190.5 189.1 187.2 184.5 179.6 190.1 192.2 199.0 206.3 212.4 219.8 224.2 225.7 230.0 228.6

M in i n g . _________________ _________________

Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production _______________________
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)_______ __
Nhnmetallie minim? and quarrying.

__

112. 2

C o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c ti o n ______________________

2,774

Non building construction_____________
Highway and street construction..,___
Other nonbuilding construction______
Building construction_______________
General contractors ______________
Special-trade contractors____________
Plumbing and heating ___________
Painting and decorating---------------Electrical work
_______________
Other special-trade contractors_____

296.5

301.5

304.7

302.9

303.2

297.8

298.8

302.6

309.5

315.8

321.3

322.6

326.2

324.8

184.0

187.8

190.4

190.8

190.4

187.8

188.7

189.3

190.2

191.1

191.9

190.9

193.8

192.3

112.4

113.0

111.6

112.4

111.8

109.6

107.6

105.0

103.2

106.1

111.3

114.3

113.3

115.2

2,889 2,927 2,955 2,882 2,806 2,685 2,493 2, 316 2.173 2,387 2,612 2,805 2, «08 2,929
400
453
519
589
586
520
439
593
611
656
647
672 670
653
318. 2 328.4 326.1 318.1 311. 1 280. 5 214. 7 162. 6 142 8 166. 8 202.2 248. 7 250. 1 257.9
286.4
316
6
257.
5
340
6
305.2
335
6
335.3
330.
0
276
2
337.
7
335.8
343.
6
334.3 343. 5
2,236 2, 255 2,285 2.226 2,159 2, 074 1,973 1,877 1,773 1, 934 2,093 2,216 2, 222 2. 336
787. 9 802.1 825. 0 811.0 789. 4 764. 0 720.9 688.4 648.8 721. 1 782. 7 838. 7 869.3 970.0
1, 448. 5 1, 453.0 1,459. 5 1,414.9 1, 369. 8 1,309 9 1, 252. 0 1, 188. 6 1,124. 3 1,212.9 1, 309 8 1,377. 5 1,352 7 1. 366. 0
323 0 321.9 318. 7 311.6 299. 6 285.9 282.3 284. 7 288.0 302.6 314.6 321 3 321 7 328. 7
190.7 193.5 200.7 197.4 180. 4 171.2 152.5 139.0 128.9 136 4 153.3 167 6 164 2 170.9
183. 2 187.1 182.2 173.9 166. 9 162.6 160.8 163.2 168.2 173.4 180. 4 186 3 188.9 186.2
751.6 750.5 757.9 732.0 722.9 690.2 656.4 601.7 539.2 600.5 661 5 702.3 677.9 680.2

2.1 15,104 Pv 355 15,593 15,865 16.302 16,561 16,782 16.903
15,697 15,542 15,755 15,462 15,161 15,206
Durable goods. _________________ 8,911 8,673 8, 814 8, 571 8, 496 8,564 8, 480 8, 564 8. 742 8, 906 9. 138 9. 429 9, 608 9.821 9, 835
Nondurable goods___________-____ 6,786 6,869 6,941 0,891 6,665 6,642 6. 543 6, 540 6,613 6,687 6,727 6, 873 6, 953 6,961 7,068

M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ - ________

Durable goods
Ordnance and accessories__________ ___

134.2

Lumber and wood products (except
639.5
furniture) _____________________
Logging camps and contractors---------Sawmills and planing mills.................... ...........
Mill work, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products__________
Wooden con tain ers__________-___ _
Miscellaneous wood products________
Furniture and fixtures________________
Household furniture________________
Office, public-building, and professional furniture__________________
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtu r e s __________________________
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures_____________
Pfnno, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s
. ....
Flat glass _______________________
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown..
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic_________________
Structural clay products____________
Pottery and related products________
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products____________________________
Cut-stone and stone products________
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
p ro d u cts

. _

373.3

524.6

............

128.6

130.4

128.5

127.2

125.4

123.5

122.8

121.9

121.1

120.0

120.4

121.3

129.3

658. 8
98.8
324.9

655.1
99.0
324.4

645.7
94.7
323.7

637.0
92.8
320.0

643.3
100.2
318.4

606.6
81.1
307.1

585.1
71.6
296.7

579.9
69.0
295.3

581.5
69.6
294.9

592.1
71.0
299.6

614.2
76.3
311.8

635.4
82.2
322.2

654. 6 735.6
87. 1 108 0
331.6 378.6

135.6
45. 8
53.7

133.6
45.2
52.9

131.4
43.6
52.3

128.0
44.6
51.6

127.0
45.6
52.1

121.3
45.2
51.9

120.4
44.1
52.3

118.7
44.2
52.7

121.2
43.2
52.6

122.4
45.6
53.5

124.8
46.5
54.8

127.8
47.5
55.7

128.7
49.7
57.5

135.7
54.5
58.8

374 3
270.8

369.9
266.4

360.2
258.4

345. 5
248.6

346.4
246.5

343.0
244.7

343.9
245.9

351.1
251.0

356.7
254.5

360.4
258.1

370.6
265.1

376.2
269.2

375.6
265.9

380.1
267.2

45.4

45.6

44.5

41.2

42.3

41.9

43.1

43.7

44.1

44.3

45.0

46.1

48.0

48.4

33.9

34.5

35.8

35.7

36.7

36.7

37.9

37.9

131.9

33.7

34.3

33.9

22.5

22.0

23.3

22.5

21.0

21.9

22.3

22.3

23.8

24.2

23.8

26.6

513. 4
27.7
95.9
15.4
43 2
73.0
41.9

501.8
26.3
93.6
15.1
42.7
71.2
41.9

498.5
27.3
92.8
15.3
41.2
70.0
44.0

499.1
28.2
93.8
15.7
40. 1
69.0
44.9

504.3
31.7
93.5
16.4
40.3
69.9
45.2

515.5
33.8
93.5
16.9
41.2
72.4
45.5

536.4
35.7
96.9
17.7
42.9
77.4
47.2

550.0
35. 6
100.5
17.9
43 5
80 0
48.2

652. 5
34.7
98.8
17 9
42.0
80.4
49 8

563.3
35.1
05.9
17.8
43.6
86.6
54.1

35.0

35.0

34.8

23.1

22.9

517.9
15.0
97.4
17.3
42. 8
76.1
44.8

535.0
31.9
98.9
16.7
43.1
75.9
43.9

526.3
30.3
96.9
16.0
42.6
76.1
42.6

519.4
28.3
97.3
15.6
42.6
75.2
42.1

114.3
19.0

116.3
19.0

115.4
18.3

112.9
18.7

110.8
18.4

107.5
17.9

103.5
18.3

101.2
17.8

99.8
17.5

101.2
17.9

104.7
18.5

109.1
18.6

112.0
19.0

116.2
19.5

91.2

89.3

88.1

86.7

87.1

85.6

86.1

88.4

90.0

93.1

95.4

96.6

97.9

94.5

Primary metal industries_____________ 1,129.4 1,107.7 1,103.3 1,073. 2 1, 060. 9 1,070.5 1,053. 4 1,065. 6 1,104.0 1,134. 6 1,183.8 1,233.6 1,258. 4 1,309. 7 1,312.6
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
554.5 540. 7 525. 4 516. 5 523.9 508.1 509.8 528.9 543.9 567.2 598.8 615.3 642.7 630.2
mills__________ _______________
Iron and steel foundries_____________
188.2 194.1 185.8 189.0 189.6 189.7 193.9 200.4 208.4 217.6 223.3 224.0 233.8 243.0
Primary smelting and refining of non65.0
59.0
60.9
64.0
53.9
65.5
68.1
53.7
57.1
67.8
53.4
55.3
53.8
53.8
ferrous metals___________________
Secondary smelting and refining of
11.3
12.3
12.7
11.5
11.7
12.8
13.2
11.1
10.9
14.0
10.9
11.4
11.3
11.5
non ferrous metals________________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonfe r ro u s m e t a ls
106.6 105.6 104.9 103. 6 102.9 101.1 103.6 104.4 105.3 109.5 112.4 114.4 115.3 118.2
65.0
71.4
53.2
58.7
61.7
67.3
54.5
55.1
57.7
77.6
56.0
53.9
58.4
58.9
Nonferrous foundries_______________ —
Miscellaneous primary metal Indus134.7 139.2 136.0 133.8 134.8 134.4 134.8 142.1 145.7 151.5 156.4 159.1 165.2 161.8
tries___________________________
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

81

A.— E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S

T able

A-2.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Industry
Nov.2

Oct.»

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

Manufacturing—Continued
Durable pood»—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportatlon equipment) ________________ ], 056.0 1,032.0 1, 056. 5 1,022.3 998.1 1,004. 4 987.2 998.9 1,021.3 1.042. 9 1,080. 7 1,116.5 1,134. 9 1,132. 3 1,119.0
61.2
59.9
57.6
56.3
55.9
55.5
54.1
54.6
63.2
56.0
59.3
62.3
59. 1 58.5
Tin cans and other tinware--------------119.0 131.5 124.5 121.4 124.8 121.6 123.2 130.2 134.7 141.5 147.4 148.1 144.9 149.2
Cutlery hand tools, and hardware____
Heating apparatus (except electric)
113.7 112.5 110.1 106.3 107.0 105.8 108.4 108.9 107.7 108.3 108.7 110.3 110.0 121.0
and plum hers' supplies _________
305.2 308.8 307.1 303.8 301.6 296.9 298.0 300.9 305.3 315.8 324.1 327.0 325.2 302.4
Fabricated structural metal products.
Metal stamping, coating, and engrav209. 1 217.1 202.2 199.0 202.0 198.8 201.3 207.0 215.6 228.4 240.5 246. 6 245.3 238.7
ing
___________________
41.7
41. 4 42.6
44.5
43.3
42.5
48. 1 51.0
53.1
46.0
43.8
46.0
51.4
50.5
T ipht ing fitturps
______________
50.0
___
51.4
49.4
52.4
60.1
51.4
54.4
56.9
54.4
53.0
49.7
56.0
59.0
61.5
Fabricated wire products----------------Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod127.5 125.3 120.5 114.7 116.5 115.7 119.4 122.5 125.7 130 1 134.2 137.0 137.4 137.2
nets
_ ____________ ______
1,464.
7 1,466. 4 1,436.9 1, 449. 8 1,471.9 1. 485. 5 1, 523. 4 1, 558.9 t, 579. 7 1,609. 3 1, 635. 7 1,657. 4 1, 737. 9 1, 730.1
Machinery (except electrical)--------------- 1,471.8
89.2
95.5
95.3
90.2
90 0 92. 1 93 2
95.0
96.0
94.2
90.8
92.3
96.4
84.1
Engines and turbines ______________
139.4
138.2 134.7 136. 1 136.0 136 8 143.9 145. 5 143.9 141.2 140.1 140 3 148.4 150.0
^pricnhnral machinery and tractors__
115.7 116.9 118.5 119.0 118.7 119.6 124.6 129.0 132.3 135.4 138.3 142.3 153. 1 153.1
PonstrnpMrm and mining maehinerv__
211.5 210.8 205.6 211.6 218.1 225.3 231.0 239.8 245.2 254.7 262.3 268. 1 287.6 284.3
Metalworking machinery _________
Special-industry machinery (except
155.0 155.4 155.1 154.3 156.8 158. 6 162.0 164.9 169.0 172.1 174.3 176.1 181.0 187.8
metalworking machinery)-------------211.5 212.6 211.6 212. 5 217.8 219 0 223.4 231 0 235.1 240.9 244.9 245.8 254. 8 256.7
General industrial machinery-----------128.7 127.2 124.1 123.6 124.2 122.1 121.8 122.2 119.9 124.4 128.3 132.4 137.7 126.1
Office and store machines and devices.
Service-industry and household ma165.2 158.5 163.8 165.7 167.2 171.1 173.7 175.1 174.8 174.9 176.0 189.9 209.2
166.7
____________ ..._____
chines
245.4 247.8 238.6 239.7 244.6 244.8 252.4 257.8 263.2 270.3 277.3 282.2 289.0 278.8
Miscellaneous machinery parts _ _ __
Electrical machinery-------------------------- 1,149.0 1,121.2 1,133.1 1,104.6 1,078. 5 1,079. 9 1,077.6 1,092.3 1,114.4 1,132.4 1,161. 5 1,193.9 1.221.8 1,223.3 1,202.1
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa361.0 367.9 303.7 360.2 362.4 365.0 372.0 381.6 389.1 399.3 407.9 411 4 420.2 416.1
ratus
___________________
31.9
34 9 35.6
36.8
38.4
33.1
31.8
33.5
34.8
40.1
35.5
34.6
40.9
49.8
Electrical appliances_______________
24 9 25.3
25.9
26.3
26.9
24.6
23.2
24.4
23.7
24.3
26.9
26.2
27.2
26.4
Insulated wire and cable-----------------58.4
66 4 71.3
74.6
75.3
63.8
57.8
58.1
57.7
60.7
64.0
52.0
75.2
73.9
Electrical equipment for vehicles_____
29.3
29.9
26.2
28.7
25.2
25.1
24.6
25.5
26.8
27.8
30.0
25.6
30.2
28.5
Electric lamps _________- ________
576.8 569.4 554.6 536.6 532.3 526.7 528.3 635.3 541 0 552.0 568.6 687. 7 579.8 557.8
Communication equipment_________
45.9
46.3
46.9
48.2
50.4
43.4
44.2
45.4
44.8
45.4
46.0
45.1
49.8
49.6
Miscellaneous electrical products_____
Transportation equipment, -------------- 1, 639. 7 1,466. 8 1,572. 2 1, 500. 3 1, 528.6 1, 547.8 1, 546. 4 1, 570. 0 1,620. 2 1, 676. 0 1, 736.8 1,804.1 1.817.0 1.878.1 1,823. 4
514.3 613. 0 518.9 579.2 592.9 696.4 605. 5 648. 8 702.0 756.4 806.0 792. 7 786.3 809. 9
Motor vehicles and equipment_______
762.5 763.7 755.2 751.2 751.2 742.8 754.2 756. 6 756.8 762.4 773 9 793. 7 861.7 809.3
Aircraft and parts _______________
458.6 460.9 458. 9 455. 9 454.2 445.5 456.6 457.8 455.3 457.5 463.9 477.0 522. 3 494.4
Aircraft
___________________
153.2 153.9 150. 9 151.3 151.7 151.6 152.3 152.4 154 0 156.6 160 2 163.2 179.1 167.1
Aircraft engines and parts............... —
20.6
17.2
18.0
19.3
20.3
20.8
18.8
19.8
20 4 20. 2 20.5
16.1
17.0
16.9
Aireraft propellers and p a r t s ___ __
134.6 131.9 128.2 126.0 126.5 126.4 125 5 126 1 126.9 127.5 129.4 133.3 139.8 130.9
Othpr aircraft parts and equipm ent..
139.9 140.9 141. 1 142.1 146.9 146.7 144.8 145. 9 147. 1 146.1 149.6, 151.2 148.8 130.0
Ship and boat buildine and repairing. _
Shipbuilding and repairing________
123.0 124.6 125.3 124.7 127.6 125.5 123.7 125.4 125.8 125.3 128. 7 130.5 126.9 109.8
21.2
17.4
20.5
21.3
20.8
20.9
20.7
15.8
19.3
21.1
21.9
16.9
16.3
20.2
Boatbuilding and repairing................
52.2
47.3
61.8
64.2
69.5
44.5
45.3
47.8
57.1
60.2
66.0
39.9
71.6
64.3
Railroad equipment...... ........................
8.3
8.3
8.6
9.9
9.8
8.8
8.4
8.7
7.7
10.2
10.1
9.0
9.7
9.9
Other transportation equipment......... . ...........
319.7 316.6 313.0 309.1 306.8 308.6 309.3 313.7 317.4 320.9 325.7 331.4 334.9 837.9 335.6
Instruments and related products---- . ..
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
58.3
59.3
60.8
61.6
57.5
57.5
56.9
57.1
58.1
60.2
57.8
65.1
64.9
57.8
instruments ___________________
Mechanical measuring and controlling
81.4
82.2
83.5
85.5
82.2
84.7
86.2
88 1 89.4
90.9
83.6
81.1
84.7
87.2
instruments
_ ______________
13.4
13.9
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.3
13.7
14 0
14.4
13.8
13.7
13.9
13.9
14.6
Optical instruments and lenses______
Surgical, medical, and dental lnstru41.9
42.5
42.3
42.5
41.1
41 4 41.4
41.0
41.3
41.7
41.2
42.0
41.0
41.3
ments _ ___________________
24.9
25.2
23.0
23.6
23 6 23.9
24.3
24.4
26.0
23.1
25.2
22.0
25.7
23.5
Ophthalmic goods______________ ____
64.9
66.5
64.9
67.2
68. 1 69.1
69.7
64.8
64.8
65.7
70.0
68.5
64.8
64.7
Photographic apparatus. ------- ---------31.9
26.6
23.6
29.2
31.8
29.2 27.8
25.3
26.1
27.7
30.1
30.8
34.4
30.0
Watches and clocks------------------------- - ..............Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries.. 474.1 484.0 478.6 463.7 444.0 452.8 445.9 449.5 453.6 455. 6 452.2 472 1 500.9 490.0 501.0
45.0
42.6
43 1 42.5
43.2
44. 1 44.9
46. 5 47. 4 46.3
49.9
46.2
45.3
43.1
Jewelrv silverware, and plated ware__
16.9
15.7
17.4
18. 1 IS. 6
15.9
14.7
15.7
16. 1 16.2
IS 2
18.5
16.7
17.1
M usical Instruments and parts---------69.3
77.
S
94.
9
84.9
73.6
90.6
84.2
81.3
79.3
75.8
94.6
92.4
92.9
89.7
Toys and sporting goods____________
31.8
32 2 32 8 32.(1
31 6
31.9
28.7
31 5 31 9 32. 1 31.9
29.8
29.6
29.8
Pens pencils, other office supplies____
59.5
61.6
53 9
58 3
58.8
60.0
61 4 64. 5
54.6
59.6
56.0
55.0
61.9
61.0
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
88.0
85.4
91 6 91.5
79. 1 80.9
86.7
87.5
80.6
83.8
85.9
82.8
80.0
87.1
Fabricated plastics products------- -----149.5 147.2 142.8 138.6 141.6 141.5 142. S 143.5 143.7 143.2 148.2 154.0 150.0 154.1
Other manufacturing industries______
N o n d u r a b le goods

Food and kindred products___________ 1,474. 6 1,548.6 1, 623. 2 1,621.4 1, 529.7 1,484. 3 1, 416.6 1,385.3 1,379. 2 1,386.8 1. 406. 8 1. 467.( l, 508. 4 l, 509.8 1, 548.6
312. i 312.7 310. C 307.2 306.8 302. ( 294.1 297.5 302.7 312.8 324.4 330. 9 326.2 337.0
Meat products __ _______________
»6.;
97.5
95.8
97.f
98.« 104. t 108.7
97.1 101.3 105.7 107.4 107.2 103. 4 99.1
Dairy products _________________
266.3 347.0 342.0 254.5 210.1 174.3 169.9 157.7 161 2 162.8 181.! 200.2 220.8 233.3
Canning and preserving.........................
115.7 117. ( 117. ( 116. ( 115. c 112.2 l l l .i 111.7 111.7 111.7 111. i 112 7 114.; 118.4
Grain-mill products
285.7 285.4 286.0 287.3 287.4 283.3 281.9 282.1 282.7 283.6 286.; 287.8 287.2 288.4
Bakery products___________________
47 4 3i.;
4 2 .;
25.1
26.4
32.8
31.6
27. ■! 25.7
28.9
27.1
26.7
40.7
26.8
Sugar
_ _ _ ___________________
76. (
75.5
82. f.
84. C 77.5
78.7
70. 4
74. (
68.6
71.5
71.0
81.5
80.3
75.5
Confectionery and related products___
210.2 211.0 216.6 220.2 216.8 205.; 198.1 200.; 196.9 198.2 206.: 209.3 209.9 213.0
Beverages
_________________
Miscellaneous food products_________ .................... 138.5 139.6 141.8 141.4 142.7 138.3 134.2 133.3 133.9l 132.6 134. ( 137.3 137.7 139.5
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

82

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959
T able A -2 .

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Industry
Nov.2

Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1950

Manufacturing—Continued

Nondurable pood«—Continued
Tobacco manufactures..........................
Cigarettes____ _________________
Cigars__________ ______________
Tobacco and snufl_______________
Tobacco stemming and redrying...........

91.9

103.5
36.6
29.2
6.5
31.2

106.8
36.9
28.7
6.5
34.7

Textile-mill products...............................
Scouring and combing plants...............
Yarn and thread mills..........................
Broad-woven fabric mills.....................
Narrow fabrics and small wares_____
Knitting mills________ ___________
Dyeing and finishing textiles................
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings.......
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____
Miscellaneous textile goods___ ____

955.9

954.7
5.3
109.3
398.9
28.4
217.1
85.4
45.2
9.9
55.2

951.4
5.3
109.0
399.2
28.2
216.2
84.8
44.6
9.9
54.2

96.3
36.9
28.6
6.5
24.3

79.4
36.3
27.7
6.4
9.0

80.1
36. 5
28.7
6.5
8.4

79.7
36.0
28.6
6.5
8.6

80.0
35.8
28.7
6.4
9. 1

84 3
35.6
29.8
6.5
12.4

89.6
35. Í
30.6
6.4
16.8

93 9
35.7
30.6
6. 4
21.2

946 4 920.4
5.6
5.5
108. 3 104.4
398. 1 392.9
27 6 26.8
215.3 204.6
84.9
82.9
43.3
41.7
10.4
9.9
52.9
51.7

930.6
5.4
106. 9
394 3
26.9
208. 7
83.8
42.2
10.4
52.0

921.8
5. (
106.2
393 C
26. 4
203 5
83 9
42 4
10.2
51.3

928.0
5.0
106.9
398. {
26.7
199.9
84.9
44. 5
9.7
51.6

935. 9
5. f
107 7
404. 5
27.2
197.7
84.6
46 i
10. 1
53.0

945.8
6.1
109.4
408. 5
27.2
198.0
85.2
46.7
10.5
54. 5

951.4
4.8
110.6
411.4
27.5
196.6
85.6
47.8
10.5
56.6

98. £
35
32.0
64
24.4

97.8
35.8
32 6
6. 6
22.9

94.1
34 6
32 6
20.3

98 1
34.2
34. 5
7.0
22.4

976.3 987.0 1,004. 8 1.057. 6
4.8
4.6
5. 5
6.6
113. 1 113. 1 116.0 122. 7
418.2 418. 1 428. 7 456.9
28. t
28.5
29 !
29.8
206.8 214.8 214. 5 221.1
87. 1 88.2
88. 4 91. 7
48.8
49. 1 51.5
54.3
10.7
10. 5
10. 6
12.3
58.7
60. 1 60. 5 62.2

Apparel and other finished textile prod­
ucts................. .............. ...................... 1,180. 6 , 183.3 1,184.3 1,172. 1 1,120.7 1,122. 5 1,113.4 1. 115.5 1,148.2 1.181. 4 1,168.0 1.188.0 1,199.8 1, 198.6 1,211.2
106.3 109.7 107.2 103.1 107.4 105.7 101.5 109.8 111.2 110.9 113.0 111.5 117.6 123.1
Men's and boys’ suits and coats........ .
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
317.4 317.7 314.5 307.3 310.4 304.2 302.7 311.1 311.9 306.8 312.6 318.1 316. 5 317. 4
clothing................................................
340.8 343.5 348.9 328.1 319 2 328 8 332.8 333. 8 357.1 351.6 354.9 351.7 352. 1 354.2
Women’s outerwear_______________
117.8 115.1 112.6 106.6 109. 9 110.0 114.0 115 5 116 0 115.9 118. 2 121.0 119 6 120.9
Women’s, children's undergarments...
19.9
21.1
20. 4 16.7
Millinery................................................
12. 1 14.9
13.8
20. 4 21.9
18.0
16 9
15 8
18 7
18.9
74.7
74.8
76.0
Children's outerwear.... ........................
75.4
75. 4 70.3
67.9
75 2
71.8
74 1 72.2
74. 4 74.0
73 8
11.7
11.9
10.7
Fur goods................................................
11.2
11. 1 10 3
9. 7
9.9
8.8
10. 7
10.2
11 3
10. 4
11.3
60.3
59.5
58.3
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
53.1
53.9
55.7
55 6
53.9
55.9
56.3
58.7
60 4
59.2
62 7
134.4 131.0 123.5 119.3 119.7 118.1 119.0 120.4 122.3 124.2 130.8 135.6 130. 5 128.9
Other fabricated textile products.........
554.1 553.9 554.5 550.2 537.8 542.0 539.3 541.7 543.6 545.7 552.1 562 0 565. 8 566. 3 567.7
Paper and allied products........................
270.6 271.7 272.3 265. 3 267.9 266.8 268. 1 268. 0 268.8 272.1 274. 6 275. 2 277 4 278.0
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills........
154.1 153.2 149.9 146.0 147.2 146.2 145.8 147 2 147 9 150.8 156. 0 158.8 155. 3 155 7
Paperboard containers and boies.........
129.2 129.6 128.0 126. 5 126.9 126.3 127.8 128.4 129.0 129.2 131.4 131.8 133.6 134.0
Other paper and allied products........ .
Printing, publishing and allied lndustrles. 855.5 858.7 854.8 847.8 844.2 847.2 845.5 850.9 854.2 853 2 855.8 864. 1 866. 7 857 9 850.5
318.0 316.1 315.7 315.8 316.9 316. 1 314.9 315.5 315 0 315.2 318.4 318. 3 315.0 311.9
Newspapers......................... ........ .........
63.1
62.4
Periodicals..............................................
60.0
59.5
60. 1 60.8
61.5
61.8
62.1
62.6
62.7
63. 1 61. 7 64.4
55.4
55.4
54.8
Books........ ............................ ........ .........
54.3
54 3
54.0
54.7
55.2
55.2
55.4
55.2
55.2
55. 5
53.6
221. 5 220.7 218.1 218.0 219.5 219. 1 221. 5 222.8 222.1 223.9 226.7 225.2 223 9 221.2
Commercial printing_______________
66.1
Lithographing.........................................
65.6
65.2
65 0 65.2
65.4
65.7
65.4
65.5
65.4
67.4
67.7
66. 7 64.3
22.5
21.1
Greeting cards........................................ .
21.7
20.5
20.5
18.8
18 3
17.8
18.1
18.9
18.0
21.6
19. 5
19. 6
44.9
45.4
45. 4 44.2
Bookbinding and related industries___
43.9
44.4
44.4
44.8
44.6
44.8
45.2
45.7
46. 1 46.0
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
67.2
67.5
services_________ _______________
67.5
66.9
67.1
66.6
70.2
70.6
70.6
70.5
69.6
69.9
69.5
69.5
826.5
100.0
311.7
102. 7

821.4
100.7
311.1
103.2

816.0 805.9
101.0 100.8
310. 4 305. 9
103.9 103.7

809.0
101.7
305. 8
102.9

816.8
102.1
306.1
102.6

826.6
103.7
309. 0
102.9

825 4
104 4
310. 5
102.7

824.5
104.9
313.7
102.1

831.2
105. 9
317.6
102.3

837.7 842.6
106.1 106.7
320. 1 320.8
103.0 103.0

844.8
108 2
323.6
100.0

833.2
108.6
318.1
96.7

50.9
73.8
7. 8
34.3
42. i
102. 6

51.1
74.0
7.8
32.9
38.9
101.7

50.0
74.4
7.8
30.9
36.0
101.6

49.2
73.4
7.9
30.2
35.3
99.5

48.5
72.3
7.7
33.7
36. 1
100.3

47.9
71.2
8.0
42.7
35. 8
100.4

47.8
71 6
7.9
46.3
36.5
100.9

48.2
72.3
7.9
41.1
37.4
100.9

48.3
72.6
7.9
35.5
38.4
101.1

48.5
73.1
8.0
34.5
40.3
101.0

49.0
73.6
8.0
32.6
42. 5
102.8

49. 9
73.9
7.9
32.8
43.8
103.8

50 0
75. 4
8. 5
35.8
40. 5
102.8

50.1
75.6
8.4
36.0
40.9
98.8

232.5

234.1
186.9

238.7
191.5

239.2
192.9

239.7
193.5

239.1
192.6

238 3
192.9

237.9
193.3

238.4
194.2

241.4
195.2

243.8
196.7

244.8
196.3

247.7
197.3

249. 5
199 1

252.1
200.8

47.2

47.2

46.3

46.2

46.5

45.4

44.6

44.2

46.2

47.1

48.5

50.4

50.4

51.3

Rubber products.............
Tires and inner tubes..
Rubber footwear_____
Other rubber products.

251.6

251.3
100.7
21.4
129. 2

245.3
99.7
21.1
124.5

238.9
98.1
20.6
120.2

233.0
96.6
20.1
116.3

233.5
96.8
20.5
116.2

230.5
96.3
20.6
113.6

234.7
98.4
20.7
115.6

243. 6
102. 5
20.9
120.2

251.4
105. 6
21.3
124.5

260.9
109.2
21.6
130.1

267.9
111.3
21.9
134.7

269.7
111.4
22.1
136. 2

265.2
110.0
21.9
133. 3

269.2
111.5
24.1
133.6

Leather and leather products__________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished
Industrial leather belting and packing
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings..
Footwear (except rubber)....... ............
Luggage------- -----------------------------Handbags and small leather goods___
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods
See footnotes at end of table.

362.6

353.9
37.8
4.4
17.7
229.7
16.1
33.3
14. 9

360.3
37.8
4.1
17.6
237.1
15.8
32.7
15.2

362.5
37.3
3.9
18.4
240.6
15.8
31.4
15.1

354. 5
36.3
3.7
18.1
238.8
14.7
28.0
14.9

353.3
37.8
3.6
18.1
237.2
14.8
27.3
14.5

340.6
37.2
3.7
17.3
229.5
14.4
24.6
13.9

339.4
37.3
3.9
17.1
226.9
14.2
26.5
13.5

360.4
38.4
4.3
17.8
241.8
14.3
30.6
13.2

366.7
38.9
4.6
18.8
246.2
14.4
31.2
12.6

363.0
39.5
4.7
18.9
245. 6
14.2
28.2
11.9

366.4 367.4
39.9
40. 4
4.8
4.7
18.8
18.4
243.7 240.0
14. 9
15.4!
30.6; 31.7!
13. 7i 16.81

369.9
40. 7
4.6
18.9
243.8
15.6
30.1
16.2

379.8
42.7
5.0
19.8
246.3
16.3
32.8
16 9

Chemicals and allied products_________
Industrial Inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals_________
Drugs and medicines..............................
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara­
tions....................... ................... ..........
Paints, pigments, and fillers_________
Gum and wood chemicals......................
Fertilizers......................... ............ ........
Vegetable and animal oils and fats___
Miscellaneous chemicals____________

826.6

Products of Petroleum and coal________
Petroleum reflning_________________
Coke, other Petroleum and coa!
Products__________ _____________


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able

A-2.

83

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
{In thousands!
1958

1957

Industry
Nov.3 Oct.3 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Annual
average
1957

1956

Transport»tion and public utilities_______ 3,882 3,892 3,886 3,897 3,907 3,904 3,874 3,883 3,910 3,944 3,985 4,094 4,114 4,151 4,161
Transportation........................................... 2,533 2,542 2,523 2,520 2,526 2, 527 2, 499 2,503 2, 524 2, 552 2,587 2,688 2,706 2,741 2, 773
Interstate railroads.......... ..........................
961.8 959.8 957.9 957.9 957.1 945. f 951.9 965. Í 989.6 1,013.5 1,062. 8 1, 076. 9 1.123. 4 1,190. 5
Class I railroads___________________
841.5 839.9 844.4 837.5 836.5 825.5 828. i 840. Í 861. £ 884. 1 918.9 939.6 984.8 1,042. 6
Local railways and buslines..................... _________
94.4
95.4
94.7
95.1
95.9
96.7
97. (
97. Í 101.6 100.9 101. 1 101.0 103.6 109.5
Trucking and warehousing...___ _____ _________ 808.6 781.3 787.0 790.7 790.4 774.2 770.4 779. S 782. e 790.0 824.7 832.2 812.3 803.6
Other transportation and services............
677.1 686.9 672.4 681.8 683.4 682. C 683.6 680.7 678. e 682.9 699.6 695.7 701.8 669.1
Buslines, except local........ ................... .
41.5
42.5
43.2
43.2
42.8
42. 1 41.4
41. C 40. £ 42.0
42.4
42.9
42.9
42.0
Air transportation (common carrier)...
141.1 141.3 142.0 142.7 143.3 141.2 141.0 142.0 144.7 145.0 144.8 144.6 144.6 130.5
Pipe-line transportation (except nat­
ural gas).......................... .....................
25.4
26.4
25.8
26.7
26.5
25.8
25.7
25.5
25.8
25.8
25.9
26.1
26.4
25.9
Communication_____________________ 752
752
764
769
757
772
777
783
789
795
800
806
808
810
795
Telephone________________________
713.6 718.8 725.6 730.3 732.7 737.9 743.5 749.3 755.5 759. 7 765.0 766. 7 768.2 751.2
Telegraph................................................
38.3
37.7
37.8
37.7
38.5
38.6
38.5
39. C 39.1
39.9
40.3
40.3
41.4
42.6
Other public utilities............... .................. 597
598
606
613
612
605
598
597
597
697
598
600
600
600
593
Gas and electric utilities.... .................... —
575.5 582.7 589.1 588.8 681.9 575.4 574.4 574.3 574.5 575.2 576.9 577.1 577.2 569.1
Electric light and power utilities___
256.5 259.4 261.9 262.0 260.0 257.7 257.6 257.6 258.1 258.3 258.9 259. 0 258.7 250.2
Gas utilities........ ...... ..........................
151.7 153.4 155.6 155.1 152.3 149.8 149.3 149.1 148.9 149.2 149.7 149.8 149.0 145.3
Electric light and gas utilities com­
bined ...............................................
167.3 169.9 171.6 171.7 169.6 167.9 167.5 167.6 167.5 167.7 168.3 168.3 169.5 173.6
Local utilities, not elsewhere classi­
fied__ _______ ____________ ____
22.9
23.5
23.1
23.5
23.2
23.0
23.0
22.8
22.4
22.4
22.6
22.7
23.0
23.6
Wholesale and retail trade_____________
Wholesale trade........................... ..............
Wholesalers, full-service and limited
function.............................................
Automotive____ ________________
Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines,
and liquors.___ ______________
Electrical goods, machinery, hardware,
and plumbing equipment...............
Other full-service and limited-function
wholesalers____________________
Wholesale distributors, other.................
Retail trad e.......................... ......... .........
General merchandise stores. .................
Department stores and general mail­
order houses^.______ ___________
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores....... ....................
Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets.
Dairy product stores and dealers.......
Other food and liquor stores_______
Automotive and accessories dealers___
Apparel and accessories stores...............
Other retail trade__________________
Furniture and appliance stores..........
Drug stores..........................................
finance, insurance, and real estate______
Banks and trust companies___________
Security dealers and exchanges________
Insurance carriers and agents__________
Other finance agencies and real estate___
Service and miscellaneous______________
Hotels and lodging places_____________
Personal services:
Laundries________________________
Cleaning and dyeing plants_________
Motion pictures____________________
Government__________________________
Federal *....... ............. ........ ...................... .
Executive________________________
Department of Defense___________
Post Office Department___________
Other agencies_______ ___________
Legislative_______________________
Judicial__________________________
State and local *............. ...........................
State____________________ ________
Local________________________ ____
Education.............................................. .
Other____________ _______________

11,397 11,231 11,151 11,011 10,984 11,035 10,961 10,940 10,939 10,948 11,140 12,076 11,557 11,302 11,221
3,044 3,035 3,016 2,994 2,989 2,980 2,960 2,982 3,010 3,023 3,051 3,104 3,103 3,065 3,008
1, 774.3 1,762.7 1,744.6 1, 737.1 1, 730. 2 1,713. 9 1, 722. 5 1, 737. 8 1,744. 8 1, 762. 2 1,796. 9 1,795.9 1,772.1 1, 754.0
127.8 127.8 127.6 127.4 126.3 124.1 124.3 124.4 125.1 125.2 125.7 125.3 123.3 118.8
..............
307.5 306.1 299.0 300.8 297.4 293.5 297.8 302.8 303.0 304.2 308.7 308.8 303.4 305.0
437.8 437.4 437.0 436.1 435.9 434.2 436.5 441.2 444.4 449.3 454.1 456.3 457.1 455.2
901.2 891.4 881.0 872.8 870.6 862.1 863.9 869. 4 872.3 883.5 908.4 905.5 888.3 875.0
1, 260.7 1,253. 2 1,249 7 1,252.2 1, 249 8 1 245 7 1 25Q 4
1,254.3
8,353 8,196 8; 135 8j 017 7,995 8, 055 8, 001 7 , 958 7 , 929 7 , 925' 8, 089 8 , 972' 8, 454 8, 237' 8,213
1,583.4 1,473.5 1,420.8 1,350.9 1,336.7 1, 361.0 1,358.4 1,351.5 1,331.7 1,316.4 1,386.4 1,938. 7 1, 582.1 1, 457.1 1,455. 7
947.2 908.1 870.8 863.5 876.7 872.4 864.5 856.9 854.0 905.7 1,258.6 1,038. 6 944.4 943.8
526.3 512.7 480.1 473.2 484.3 486.0 487.0 474.8 462.4 480. 7 680. 1 543.5 512.7 511.9
1,615.2 1, 597.0 1,595. 5 1. 582.1 1,590. 7 1, 594.1 1. 593. 6 1,591.7 1,598. 3 1,602. 2 1,599.1 1,625.5 1,611.6 1, 573. 9 1, 542. 4
1,155.0 1,146.7 1,130. 6 1,139.1 1, 140.1 1,140. 7 1,139. 3 1,150.0 1,151.1 1,149. 9 1,157 7 1,149. 1 1,106.9 1,076.9
223.5 230.2 234.3 234.0 233.2 229.6 227.6 225.7 224.9 226.3 227.8 228.7 234.3 231.9
_________
218.5 218.6 217.2 217.6 220.8 223.3 224.8 222.6 226.2 222.9 240.0 233.8 232.7 233.6
758.4 753.2 755.0 756.6 755.2 755. 7 756. 6 757. 2 768.0 778. 4 792.6 823. 5 811.0 804.2 809.6
617.4 602.5 590.4 546.7 552.4 591.8 586.7 583.7 576.2 554.8 583 3 719.3 626.3 604.6 610.3
3,778.9 3, 769.8 3, 773. 6 3, 780.9 3, 759.6 3. 752.0 3,705. 4 3,673. 9 3,654. 3 3,673. 2 3, 727. 5 3,865.1 3,822. 5 3,796. 8 3, 795. 4
_________
391.9 388.5 385.1 384.5 385.6 385.0 385.4 387.3 390.0 390.3 410.4 399.1 394.8 395.8
358.1 355.2 353.2 352.9 351.9 349.3 347.7 345.7 345.8 357.5 385.0 361.3 354.7 341.2
2,371 2,377 2,392 2,413 2,410 2,391 2,370 2,356 2,348 2,343 2,344 2,353 2,360 2,348 2,308
615.6 616.4 621.9 621.6 615.0 610.4 612. 2 612. 4 612.1 610. 5 610. 7 610.4 602.8 578.7
85.2
85.3
84.8
85.6
83.8
83.3
83.2
83.8
84.0
83.7
83.9
83.9
83.8
82. 4
__________
892.7 900.3 906.1 903.7 895.6 892.3 893.8 892. 7 889.6 887.6 886.8 884.6 869.6 825.9
783.2 790.8 799.2 799.6 796.3 783.5 766.8 759.1 756.9 762.0 771.6 780.8 792.0 821.1
6,424 6,467 6,472 6,452 6,465 6,488 6,455 6,384 6,267 6,240 6,241 6,318 6,367 6,336 6,160
....... 478.3 526.6 608.3 607.0 538.1 510.0 499.9 476.4 476.7 473.2 487.0 495.8 531.0 515. 4
311.1 311.6 314.3 317.7 318.1 314.1 310.6 310.8 311.3 316.2 319.0 321.2 326.3 332.3
—
170.3 166.5 163.1 167.1 173.4 172.1 168.9 164.6 162.7 165. 9 168.0 170.7 169.8 165.8
191.4 195.3 195.6 193.9 192.6 193.5 192.9 185.9 186.1 186.8 190.9 197.7 204.1 223.4
8,072 8,030 7,943 7,678 7,664 7,866 7,870 7,850 7,822 7,789 7,749 8,067 7,759 7,626 7,277
2,171 2,173 2,174 2,192 2,192 2,184 2,151 2,150 2,141 2,140 2,137 2,470 2,148 2,217 2, 209
—
2,145.6 2,146. 8 2,164.6 2,164.7 2,156.8 2,123. 8 2,123. 5 2,114.7 2,113.3 2,110.5 2,443.4 2,120. 9 2,190. 2 2.183.1
—
963.0 962.5 967.6 968.8 966.5 958.3 956.9 953.8 953.6 952.3 954.5 961.2 1,007.3 1,034.1
538.8 539.0 541.6 538.9 535.9 528.2 530.5 631.1 532.8 532.9 864.6 533.8 551.4 535.3
643.8 645.3 655.4 657.0 654.4 637.3 636.1 629.8 626.9 625.3 624.3 625.9 631.5 613.7
22.2
22.1
22.2
22.2
22.3
22.0
21.9
21.9
21.9
22.1
22.1
22.1
22.1
21.9
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.3
5,901 5,857 5, 769 5,486 5, 472 5,682 5. 719 5, 700 5,681 5,649 5,612 5,597 5,611 5,409 5,068
1.443.7
1, 514.4 1, 476.3 1,443. 0
1, 466. 7 1 473 1 1 4fV> f)
4,342.5 4, 292.7 4.041.9 4, 027. 9 4, 215.0 4, 245. 5 4Ì 237. 1 4, 227.0 4, 205. 5 4,176. 9 4,178. 7 4,194.1 4.025. 7 3. 767. 8
2, 715.3 2, 573. 9 2, 230.2 2,223.2 2, 483. 2 2, 608. 6 2.617.6 2,628. 5 2.614.2 2, 584. 0 2, 586.1 2,600.1 2.401. 8 2, 219. 7
3,141.63,195.1J3,255.6 3,248.4 3, 198. 5 3,110.0 3,082.4 3,052.1 3.034.5 3,028.1 3, Oil. 1 3,011.3 3,006. 8 2,848. 7

1 Beginning with the August 1958 issue, figures for 1956-58 differ from those
previously published because of the adjustment of the employment estimates
to 1st quarter 1957 benchmark levels indicated by data from government
social insurance programs. Statistics from 1957 forward are subject to revi­
sion when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based upon establishment reports which cover all full- and
part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked during,
or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the
month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are ex­
cluded.
* Preliminary.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

3 Data for Federal establishments refer to continental United States; they
relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for, the last day
of the month.
4 State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen .
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of la b o r Statistics for all
series except those for the Federal Government, which Is prepared by the
U. S. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

84
T able A-3.

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average

1957

1958
Industry
Nov.2 Oct.2 Sept.
A l i n i n g ______________________________________

M etal............................................................
Iron_____________________________
Copper___________________ ________
Lead and zinc_____________________
Anthracite__________________________
Bituminous-coal_____________________
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas pro­
duction........................................ ........
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)____ _____
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____
C o n tr a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n .

___________________

Nonbuilding construction_____________
Highway and street construction_____
Other nonbuilding construction______
Building construction________________
General contractors________________
Special-trade contractors____________
Plumbing and heating____________
Painting and decorating___________
Electrical work__________________
Other special-trade contractors_____

M a n u f a c t o r i n g ____ _________________________

Durable goods___________________
Nondurable goods........................... .

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

560
72.7
26.7
22. 2
8.6
17.5
167.9

564
74.3
27.3
23.2
9.2
16.7
166.2

559
72.1
25.3
22.4
9.3
16.2
163.3

556
73.5
25.7
22.0
9.7
17.5
158.0

569
76.4
25.8
22.9
10.8
17.4
169.2

563
75.2
24.1
22 9
11.2
18.2
171.3

567
74.4
22.9
22.8
11.4
17.9
177.3

583
79.2
26.4
23.7
11.6
21.1
184.2

597
81.0
27.2
24.1
11.9
22.3
190.3

616
84.3
29.0
24.7
12.3
21.7
196.9

638
88.2
32.1
25.3
12.5
24.2
202.4

664
643
94. 4
89.2
33 5 33.9
25.3
27.3
12. 1 14.1
26.4
22.3
203.2 208. 4

673
92 9
30.4
28.3
14.9
26 8
208.8

206.6

210.8

213.3

211.8

211.4

206.2

206.7

210.4

217.3

223.6

229.0

231.6

245.4

238.0

109.9 112.9 115.2 115.6 114.8 112.3 113.1 113.9 115.0 116.2 117.0 117.2 122.6 128.0
94.3
97. 1 96.3
98.0
86.0
89.0
95.1
90.6
87.9
92.5
94.8
95.1
95. 5 93.9
2,507 2,544 2,570 2,503 2,432 2,318 2,132 1,961 1,817 2,025 2,249 2,440 2,442 2,559
447
517
515
520
331
382
370
581
448
538
596
573
579
598
292.7 303.4 301.0 293.0 285. 6 255.8 191. 1 140.0 120.5 144. 1 178.9 224.9 226.8 234 8
286.5 294.7 294.8 288.4 287.4 282 1 257. 3 229.8 210.4 237. 7 268. 5 291.6 288. 5 284.8
1,928 1,946 1,974 1,922 1,859 1,780 1,684 1, 591 1,486 1,643 1.802 1, 923 1,927 2. 039
696.5 709. 1 730.1 717.0 695. 5 670.1 627.9 596. 9 556.0 626.7 690. 4 744.7 772.6 868.6
1, 231.9 1, 236. 9 1, 244.0 1, 204. 5 1, 163. 9 1,110.0 1,056. 5 993 6 930.3 1,015.8 1, 111 9 1, 177.9 1.154 1 1,170.0
265.2 263.6 260.3 253.7 243.3 230.4 227.8 230.0 233.6 247.2 259.9 266. 1 265 9 271 9
173.4 176.3 183.9 180. 2 163.5 155.1 137.1 124. 1 113.9 122.0 138.6 153.0 150.1 157.4
147.7 151.6 146.5 138.9 132. 5 128.9 127. 1 128. 7 133. 1 137.4 143.9 149.2 151.7 149.7
645.6 645.4 653.3 631.7 624.6 595.6 564. 5 510.8 449.7 509.2 569.5 609.6 586. 4 591.0
11,887 11,728 11,940 11,645 11,353 11,415 11,245 11,310 11,542 11,767 12,024 12,449 12,694 12.911 13,195
6, 671 6, 431 6, 579 6,339 6,270 6, 350 6, 2f>9 6, 337 6, 502 6,653 6,869 7,153 7,322 7. 523 7, 667
5, 216 5, 297 5,361 5,306 5,083 5,065 4,976 4,973 5,040 5,114 5,155 5, 296 5,372 5,388 5,628

D u ra b le goods

Ordnance and accessories_____________
Lumber and wood products (except fur­
niture)...................................................
Logging camps and contractors______
Sawmills and planing mills__________
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products__________
Wooden containers_____ ___________
Miscellaneous wood products________
Furniture and fixtures________________
Household fu rn itu re........... .................
Office, public-building, and professional
fu rn itu re....................................... ......
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fix­
tures...................................... ...............
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous fur­
niture and fixtures_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products..... ...........
Flat glass_____ _____ _____________
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown..
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic_________________
Structural clay products____________
Pottery and related products________
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Cut-stone and stone products________
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products________________________
Primary metal industries.........................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills............................... ......................
Iron and steel foundries____ ________
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals____________________
Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals___________________
Bolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals____________________
Nonferrous foundries_______________
Miscellaneous primary metal industries.
Fabricated metal products (except ord­
nance, machinery, and transporta­
tion equipment)_______ __________
Tin cans and other tinware__________
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies_______________
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.
Lighting fixtures___________________
Fabricated wire products___________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prodUCtS—...................................... ..............................

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

67.7

67.0

67.6

542.4
74.9
279.7

520.3 515.0
62.9
65.5
269. 1 267.5

516.5
63.5
267.5

526.4
64.8
272.1

548.8 569.5
70. 1 75.9
284.0 294.2

101.6
40.9
45.3
283.5
208.4

100.1
39.9
45. 7
283.2
208.9

98.5 100.6
40.0
39.0
46. 1 45.9
290.1 295.3
213.9 217.5

101.6
41.3
46.6
298.5
220.6

104.2
42.3
48.2
308. 7
227.7

72.2

66.6

68.4

66.8

67.0

68.3

67.8

674.1

593.4
93.0
297.4

590.1
93.1
297.3

580.6
88.4
296.8

572.0
86.5
292.9

578.3
93.8
290.9

114.2
41.8
47.0
313.4
233.9

112.4
41.2
46.1
309.8
229.6

110.5
39.5
45.4
300.5
221.9

107.3
40.5
44.8
285.5
211.7

106.9
41.3
45.4
286.8
210.4

35.5

313.4

428.8

922.4

819.6

___

69.0

69.2

70.3

107.2
43.2
49 0
313.7
231.3

76.9

83.8

588.3 6 6 6.7
80. 1 100.3
303.5 349.2
.
108.3 114.7
45.5
50.2
50.9
52.3
314.2 319.2
228.9 230.9

36.0

35.1

32.0

32.9

32.7

33.5

33.9

34.2

34.5

35.2

36.1

38.2

39.1

26.1

26.5

26.2

24.8

25.2

24.8

24.8

25.4

26.4

26.3

27.2

27.3

28.4

28.0

17.9
421.4
11.0
83.0
14.3
35.5
66.3
38.4
92.0
16.4

17.7
438.1
28.0
83.9
13.7
35.7
66.1
37.7
94.0
16.5

17.3
429.7
26.4
82.2
13.1
35.3
66.3
36.6
93.0
15.6

17.0
422.0
24.4
82.2
12.7
35.2
65.4
35.8
90.3
16.1

18.3
416.5
23.9
80 8
12.5
35.7
63.3
35.7
88.4
15.9

17.6
404 9
22. 4
78 4
12.2
35 3
61 7
35.4
85.2
15.3

16.0
402.2
23. 5
77. 4
12.3
33.8
60.4
37.5
82.1
15.7

16.9
17.2
402.7 408.0
24.3
27.8
78.6
78.2
12.6
13.5
32.8
33.0
59.2
59.8
38.4
38.8
80. 1 78.8
15.2
15.0

18.6
17.1
418.5 439.6
30. 1 31.9
77.7
81.1
13.9
14.8
35.8
33.9
62.4
67.5
40.6
38.9
80.3
83.8
15.9
15.3

19.0
18.7
453.0 456.0
31.8
30. 9
84.9
83 4
14.8
15.0
36.4
35.0
69.7
70.3
41.9
43.3
88.0
90.6
16. 1 16.5

470.7
31.4
81.0
15.1
36.7
76.8
47.0
95.1
17.0

64.5
899.7

62.5
896.5

61.2
863.8

59.9
851.9

60.3
859.3

59.0
840.4

59.5
848.5

61.5
885.1

63.1
912.5

68.2
69.4
66.0
71.0
70.0
958.4 1,005.6 1, 029.8 1,081.6 1,097.4

458.0
158.6

444.9
164.8

428.0
155.9

419.1
159.2

424. 6
159.8

408.3
159.8

407.3
163.5

426.8
169.6

440.0
177.4

462.0
186.3

492.0
191.6

508.3
192.3

537.0
201.6

41.2

40.8

41.1

40.8

41.0

42.3

43.8

45.3

47.0

49.6

50.7

51.2

53.5

54.5

8.4

8.2

8.1

7.9

7 .7

7 .7

7.9

8.1

8 .2

8.7

9.0

9.1

9.8

10.5

81.8
47.3
104.4

81.0
47.7
109.1

80.3
44.9
105.5

79.1
42.3
103.5

78.3
43. 6
104.3

76.5
42.7
103.1

78.7
43.9
103.4

79.3
46.0
110.0

79.9
46.9
113.1

83.5
49.5
118.8

86.4
52.6
123.3

88.2
54.9
125.8

89.2
58.6
131.9

93.0
64.2
130.3

794.0
51.7
89.5

821.6
54.4
103.6

788.3
55.3
96.6

764.9
53.4
93.4

772.6
52.3
90. 7

755.9
50.0
93.4

765.8
48.9
94.8

786.6
48.3
101.4

805.8
47.9
105.5

840.0
46.4
112.1

875.4
46.8
117.9

894.6
48.3
118.4

892.5
51. 4
115.5

890.5
51.2
120.4

87.8
221.2
166.9
32.5
43.7

86.5
224.8
175.6
35. £
42.3

84.1
223.8
160.9
33.2
40.7

80.4
220.5
158.1
31.6
39.2

81. 4
218.9
161.4
32.2
39.7

80 3
214 8
158 3
31 2
38.9

82.6
216.0
159.5
32.2
39.0

83.0
219.0
165.0
33.9
40.7

81.9
222.6
172.8
35.3
41.4

82.4
232.0
184.1
37.1
43.5

82.9
84.8
240.1 243.3
196.4 202.9
40. 4 42.2
45.0
45.9

83.9
241 8
201.3
40.8
47.9

93.8
225.5
197.4
40.4
50.8

100.7

98.5

93.7

88.3

90.0

89.0

92.8

95.3

98.4

102.4

105.9

109.9

111.0

108.8

2 0 .0

532.0
211.7

A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-3.

85

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Industry
Nov.3 Oct.3 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

Mann factoring—Continued
D u ra b le g o o d s—

Continued

Machinery (except electrical).................. 1,015.1 1,007.0 1,007.0
56.6
58. 6
Engines and turbines ______________
95.3
Agricultural machinery and tractors__
97.0
77.2
78.4
Construction and mining m achinery...
151.6 150. 5
Metalworking machinery___________ _____
Special-industry machinery (except
105.2 105.3
metalworking machinery)-------------132. 1 132.0
General industrial machinery________
87.4
Office and store machines and devices.86.3
Service-industry and household ma121,6 120.1
chines ____________________ - ____
Miscellaneous machinery parts_______
178.3 180.5

976.8
56.8
91.8
79.5
145.6

990.2 1.014.1 1,028.6 1,060.8 1,090.2 1,108. 6 1,134.0 1,159.1 1,179. 4 1,255. 7 1,278.7
58.1
60.8
56.5
62.3
64.2
65.9
66. 5 66. C 68 3 61 2
65.7
94.5
95.2 101.0 101. 5 100.5
94.0
98.3
97.5
97. 5 105.7 108.4
80 1 84.3
79.8
79.8
87.6
90.7
93.3
95.8
99.3 109.4 111 8
151. 7 157.6 164.0 168.7 175.9 180.5 188.8 194.7 199. 5 218.2 218.7

104.5
130.3
82.7

103.7
131.0
82.1

105.8
136.2
83.1

107.5
137.2
81.7

110.1
140.7
81.3

112.3
146.8
81.8

115.8
149.4
81.0

118.3
154. 7
83.9

120.3
157.6
89.5

113.3
172.3

118. 5
172.9

120.7
178.3

121.7
180.4

125.8
186.6

127.8
192.3

128.3
196.7

128.1
202.7

127.7 129.0
209. 5 214.1

141.2 160.1
221 5 217 3

Electrical machinery___ _____________ 774.1
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and Industrial apparatus __________________________
Electrical appliances______________
Insulated wire and cable____________
Electrical equipment for vehicles_____
Electric lamps. __________________
Communication equipment-------------Miscellaneous electrical products-------- —

762.2

734.0

711.6

716.4

715.3

729.2

749.3

766.6

793.3

824.5

857.7

237. 4 244.2
26. 5 25. 5
20.8
20.2
36.7
49. 2
21.8
21.4
372.3 368.4
30.7
33.3

238.6
24.1
18.6
44.3
21.3
354.9
32.2

235.1
23.0
17.3
43.3
20.8
340.6
31.5

237.7
22.8
18.5
43.5
21.6
339. 7
32.6

239.6
24.4
17.7
43.1
22.3
336.1
32.1

245.9
25.6
18.3
45.6
22.8
338.7
32.3

253.5 259.9 268.1 275.9 278.9 288. 4 297.2
25. 5 26.1
27.2
28.8
30. 5 31. 2 39.0
18.8
19. 1 19.7
20. 1 20.7
20.9
20.9
48. 7 51.0
58. 7 59. 1 59.3
65.5
59.0
23.8
25.2
25. 7 25. 7 26 1 25.1
24.6
346. 3 353. 1 364. 1 380.8 399. 7 395.8 392.0
32.7
32.8
33.5
34.5
36.6
36.0
36.5

746.2

121.8
158.9
93.3

851.2

125.9
166. 3
99 2

133.3
172.7
95.2

870.3

Transportation equipment------------------ 1,166. 2 996.7 1,100.1 1,033. 6 1.062.9 1.083.8 1,081. 2 1,103.0 1,152.7 1, 206. 9 1,266.7 1.329. 6 1.337. 2 1, 383. 6 1, 354.1
364. 9 462. 9 402.2 432.7 443. 5 446.3 453. 5 495.7 546.0 599.1 648.7 637. 1 630 1 648 5
Motor vehicles and equipment_______
481.1 480. 4 474.1 471.3 476.2 467.7 479.3 482.6 483.8 489.9 497.6 510.9 563.6 537. 4
Aircraft and p a r ts .- ._______________
290.7 291. 7 291.4 289.1 291.6 281.5 292.7 294.4 293.2 295. 6 299.7 307.6 340 9 326.8
Aircraft ______ - ________________
89.2
90.9
95.8
98.4 111. 3 105 3
90.9
88.7
89.5
89.6
93.3
Aircraft engines and parts_________
90. 9 87. 7 87.9
11.1
12.8
13.9
14.1
13.9
10.4
11.9
13.3
13.8
14.3
13.8
Aircraft propellers and parts_______
11.0
13.9
11.3
84. 7 85.6
88.2
91. 1 97 5 94 0
89.1
82.4
83. 1 83.7
83.3
86.7
86. 8 83.9
Other aircraft parts and equipm ent..
116.4 118.0 118. 1 119.2 123.9 123.6 121.8 123.0 124.6 123.9 127.0 128.3 127 2 111 4
Ship and boat building and repairing__
102.3 104.4 105.0 104. 5 107. 5 105. 4 103 8 105.5 106.2 105.7 108.9 110.8 108. 5 93 9
Shipbuilding and repairing________
13.1
18.2
17. 5 18.4
18.2
17 5 18.7
14.1
14.7
16.4
18.0
18.1
Boatbuilding and repairing________
13.6
17.5
47.9
49.4
37.0
41.8
44.5
46.0
25.9
32.7
33.0
52.7
Railroad equipment . . ___________
54 7 48 6
30. 5 31.2
6.9
6.5
5.9
6.9
Other transportation equipment_____
8.0
7.2
6.6
6.6
8.2
8.4
7.0
8.3
8.0
8^2
207.1

204.9

199. 2

195.9

199.1

200.4

204.1

207.8

210.9

214.9

220.3

222.8

226.2

230.3

31.6

31.6

30.8

30.6

31.2

31.4

31.8

32.2

32.8

33.3

33.9

34.1

36.6

37.7

56.8
9.6

56.0
9.5

53.4
9.1

53.4
8.9

54.1
9.2

54.4
9.1

55.6
9.1

56.6
9.1

57.0
9.4

57.6
9.8

59.1
10.3

60.2
10.2

62.1
10.3

61.1
10.6

27.0
18. 2
39. 5
24.4

27.0
17.9
39.2
23.7

26.6
17.9
38.9
22.5

27.0
17.6
38.5
19.9

27.2
18.2
38.3
20.9

27.2
18.2
38.8
21.3

27.2
18.4
39.8
22.2

27.5
18.8
40.4
23.2

27.8
18.8
41.4
23.7

28.2
19.3
42.2
24.5

28.8
19.6
42.5
26.1

29.0
20.4
42.8
26.1

28.9
19.6
43.7
25.0

28.5
20 3
44 1
28.0

385.9
36. 4
14.2
78.3
22 2
50.1
68. 2
116. 5

380.0
35. 6
13.7
79.0
21 6
49.1
66.7
114 3

365.6
33.5
13.0
75.5
21. 6
47. 9
64.0
110.1

346.2
32.8
11.8
70.1
20 6
43.1
61.6
106.2

354. 5
33.4
12.9
70.7
22. 8
44. 5
61.0
109.2

348.1
32. 8
13.0
67.5
23.1
42.3
59.9
109.5

350.6
33. 4
13.3
64.7
23.3
43.2
61.8
110.9

354.4 355.0
34.8
34.3
13.4
14.2
59.1
61.2
23. 1 22.6
47.4
46.4
64.5
65.5
111.5 111.4

351.1
34.9
14.7
54.8
22.9
46.5
66.6
110.7

372.0
36.4
15.4
63.3
23.9
48.0
68.8
116.2

400.0
37.4
16.0
80.4
24. 4
49.0
71.3
121.5

390.6
36 3
15.3
75 6
24.0
49. 2
71.6
118. 6

405.1
39 9
15.7
79 0
23 8
52 3
70 2
123.6

Food and kindred products___________ 1,037.1 1,108.5 1,178. 4 1.172. 0 1,080.6 1.038.7
Meat products
..
250.4 249.0 246.0 243. 8 243.1
67.9
71. 5 73.0
Dairy products . . ________________
64.7
73.0
232.1 311.8 306.9 220.2 176.8
Canning and preserving____________
___
G r g in -m ill p r o d u c t s
82. 5 82.4
81.4
81.3
81.0
Bakery p r o d u c t s
.........
165.8 165. 8 166.3 167.1 167.5
34.9
21.4
Sugar_______ ___________ _________
23. 4 21. 4 21.6
66.5
61.5
54.6
67.8
58.0
Confectionery and related products___
115. 6 115. 2 117. 7 120.9 119. 5
Beverages
. . __________________
98.3
98.4
95.9
96.3
98.0
Miscellaneous food products_________ —

977.6
238.6
69.8
141.1
78.4
164.2
22.1
56.7
111.8
94.8

948.5
230.8
65.8
136.7
77.7
162.8
20.4
57.2
105.6
91.5

941.7
233.4
64.3
124.4
78.2
163.2
19.7
60.3
107.8
90.4

951.0
238.5
62.6
128.3
78.3
164.5
21. 1
61.8
105.2
90.7

969.0 1,027.3 1,067.9 1,065.7 1,104.0
247.9 258.8 264.8 259.2 268.8
62.9
63.8
64.9
69.6
72.1
129.9 149.1 167.4 187. 7 201.5
77.9
78.0
78.7
79.5
83.5
164.9 168.4 170.3 169.9 172.0
27.6
37.3
41.9
26.1
26.4
68.2
62.2
69.7
63.5
64.3
105.9 112.6 116. 1 116.1 119.7
91.1
94.1
89.8
94.1
95.7

69.8
31.1
27.0
5.4
6.3

70.1
30.9
27.0
5.4
6.8

74.2
30.7
28.0
5.4
10.1

79.2
31.0
28.8
5.3
14.1

Instruments and related products--------Laboratory, scientific and engineering
instruments. ____________________
Mechaniral measuring and controlling
instruments _____________________
Optical instruments and lenses_______
Surgical, medical, and dental instruments. . _______________________
Ophthalmic poods ___
Photographic apparatus____________
Watches and clocks________________

209.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
Musical instruments and parts---------Toys and sporting goods____________
Pens pencils, other office supplies____
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastics products_________
Other manufacturing industries______

375.7

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s

Tobacco manufactures_______________
Cigarettes
Cigars___________________________
Tobacco and snuff_________________
Tobacco stemming and redrying_____
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

81.8

93.1
31.8
27. 5
5. 5
28.3

96.1
32.0
27.0
5. 5
31.6

85.5
32.0
26.9
5.4
21.2

69.5
31.3
26.1
5.4
6.7

70.2
31.5
27.1
5.4
6.2

83.9
31.2
28.9
5.4
18.4

88.6
31.2
30.3
5.4
21.7

87.7
31.2
30.9
5.4
20.2

84.4
30.2
30.9
5.5
17.8

89.5
30.7
32.8
5.9
20.1

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

86

Table A-3.

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1058

Industry
Nov.2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

Annual
average

1957
May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1950

Manufacturing—Continued
Nondurable pood»—Continued
Textile-mill products...............................
Scouring and combing plants________
Yarn and thread mills______________
Broad-woven fabric mills __________
Narrow fabrics and small wares_______
Knitting mills..................... ...................
Dyeing and finishing textiles.................
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____
Miscellaneous textile goods. ________

864.6

863.7
4.8
100.8
371.4
24.7
197.1
73.7
37.4
8.6
45.2

859.9
4.8
100.6
371.1
24.5
196.0
73.4
36.7
8.6
44.2

855.2
5.1
99.9
370.1
23.9
195.0
73.8
35.3
9.0
43.1

Apparel and other finished textile products............... ....................................... 1,050.2 1,053. 7 1,055.3 1,044.3
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats. ___
97.4
95.0
94.0
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing________________________
288.7 289.6 287.0
Women’s outerwear________________
303.9 306.7 312.2
105.9 103.3 100.9
Women’s, children’s undergarments
18.4
17.6
18.7
Millinery_________________________
67.4
Children’s outerwear_______________
66.1
66.3
8.2
9.4
Fur goods________________________
9.3
54.4
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
53.8
52.7
O t h e r f a h r ic a tp d t e x t ile p r o d u c t s
113.8 110.1 102.5
Paper and allied products....... ..................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills___
Paperboard containers and b oxes____
Other paper and allied products______
Printing, publishing, and allied Industries___ ________________________
Newspapers.. ____________________
Periodicals_______________________
Books____________ _______________
Commercial printing._____________
Lithographing_____________________
Greeting card s____________________
Bookbinding and related Industries__
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services_________________________
Chemicals and allied products_________
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals_________
Drugs and medicines. ____________
Soap, cleaning and polishing preparations . ______________________ .
Paints, pigments, and fillers_________
Gum and wood chemicals___________
Fertilizers
_____________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats____
Miscellaneous chemicals____________
Products of petroleum and coal________
Petroleum refining_____________ .
Coke, other petroleum and coal prod-

Leather and leather products........ ...........
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.
Footwear (except rubber)_____ _____
Luggage__________________________
Handbags and small leather goods____
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

839.7 830.5
4.9
4.4
98. 5 97. 5
366.7 365.5
22.9
23.3
188.5 183.0
72.4
72.5
34.1
34.1
9.2
9.3
41.4
42.0

837.2
4.4
98.3
371.6
23.2
179.8
73.6
36.1
8.6
41.6

992.0
90.8

993.6
95.1

984.7
93.3

986.7 1,017.7 1,0,50. 6 1,036.8 1, 054. 6 1,065. 7 1, 064. 5 1,079.8
89.3
97.2
98.7
98.5 100.4
99.3 105.3 110.9

279.9
291.4
94.5
14.7
66.5
8.6
47.4
98.2

283.2
282. 5
97.6
11.8
66.8
8.5
49.3
98.8

277.0
292.1
97.7
10.1
62.0
7.9
47.8
96.8

275.6
296.4
101.3
12.7
59.4
6.5
48.0
97.5

284.3
295.7
103.3
18.0
63.3
7.2
49.9
98.8

285.7
318.7
103.7
19.3
66.6
7.5
50.1
100.3

279.6
313.4
103.6
15.7
65.7
7.6
50.5
102.2

285.3
315.1
105. 7
14.6
64.0
8.2
53.1
108.2

290.4
312.2
108. 3
13.7
65.9
8.7
54.5
112.7

288 9
312.0
106. 8
16.3
65.7
7.8
53.2
108.5

291.5
314.0
108.4
16. 6
66.0
8. 4
56.3
107.8

844.2
4.4
99. 1
376.9
23.7
177.2
73.4
37.6
9 1
42.8

854.7
4.5
100.8
381.1
23.8
177.8
74.7
38.2
9.5
44.3

860.9
4.3
101.9
384.4
23.9
176. 5
74.8
39.1
9.5
46.5

884.8 894.8
4.2
4.0
104. 5 104.6
390.9 390.6
24.6
24.8
186.2 194.3
76.0
77.0
40.1
40.2
9.6
9.4
48. 7 49.9

912.9 965.9
5.0
6.1
107.2 113.7
401. 5 429.7
25.4
26.2
194.3 201.2
80.1
77.1
42.5
45.7
9.4
10.8
50. 5 52.4

446.5

446.3
221.9
124.4
100.0

447.0
222.5
124.0
100. 5

441.7
222.7
120.0
99.0

429.0 433.4
215.4 218.8
116 1 117.1
97. 5 97.5

431.7
218. 5
116.1
97.1

434.2 435.7
220. 1 220.0
115.6 116.7
98.5
99.0

438.4
221.0
117. 7
99.7

444.8
223.6
120.8
100.4

454.8
226.5
126.0
102.3

458.1
227.3
128.4
102.4

458.8
229.1
125. 2
104. 5

463.4
230. 4
127.2
105.8

547.2

551.1
159. 0
26.7
33. 5
178.6
50.0
16. 3
35. 5

547.6
157.1
26.1
33.8
177. 5
49.6
15 8
35.9

541.7
156.3
24.7
33.3
175.1
49.4
15. 4
35.7

537.2
155.7
24.1
32.9
174.6
49.1
14. 7
34.7

541.0
157.5
24. 6
33.1
176.0
49.3
14.7
34.8

540.4
157.4
25.6
33.3
175.7
49.6
13. 2
34.2

544.7
155.9
25.8
33.7
178.1
49. 6
12.8
34.8

547.0
156.2
25.9
34.3
178.9
49.8
12.3
35.2

545.8
155.9
25.8
34.6
178.5
49.5
12.4
34.8

549.2
156.4
26.0
34.7
180. 7
49. 4
12.3
35.3

556.6
158.9
25. 7
34.8
183.9
51.3
13.1
35. 7

559.1
158. 5
25.9
34.9
182.6
51. 6
15.7
36.2

553.2
156.1
25 6
35 2
181. 3
50. 7
13 8
37.0

549.6
155.1
27 8
33.4
179 6
48.5
14.1

51.5

51.8

51.8

51. 4

51.0

51.4

54.0

54.4

54.3

54.4

53.2

53.7

53. 5

__

518.3
66. 2
193.6
56.7

510.9
66.0
191.4
57.2

504.1
66.0
190.0
57.5

495.5
65. 6
186.4
57. 5

500.1
66. 9
186.8
57.4

510.0
67 3
187.7
57.6

519.3
68. 5
190.1
58.1

519.0
69.2
192.3
58.3

518.5
69. 5
195.7
58.0

525.3 532.8
70. 5 71.0
199.7 202.8
58.6
59.7

537.3
7!. 5
203.9
59. 6

545.1
73 0
210.3
57.9

__
___

31.5
44.5
6.4
24.7
29.9
64.8

31. 5
44.6
6.4
23. 4
26.5
63.9

30.4
45.0
6.4
21.4
23.9
63.5

29.7
44.0
6.5
20. 9
23.1
61.8

29 5
43.4
6.3
24 1
23.4
62.3

29.0
42.4
6.6
33 1
23.5
62.8

29.1
42. 5
6.5
36. 7
24.6
63.2

29. 6
43.0
6.5
31. 5
25.5
63.1

29. 7
43.1
6.5
26. 1
26.4
63.5

29.8
43.7
6.6
25. 0
28.1
63.3

30.1
44.1
6.6
23. 5
29.9
65.1

30 8
44.2
6.6
23 7
31. 1
65.9

30 7
45. 9
7.2
26 7
28. 1
65.3

30 3
47.0

152.8

154.1
117.3

157.5
120 4

157. 4
121.3

157.4
121.5

157.9
121.7

157. 5
122.3

156.7
122. 4

156.4
122. 7

158.7
123.3

161.0
124.7

163.1
125.4

165.6
125.9

168.0
128.1

172.2
131.0

36.8

37.1

36.1

35.9

36 2

35 2

34.3

33.7

35.4

36.3

37.7

39 7

39 9

41 2

194.0

193.3 187.5
75. C 74.1
17.1
16.8
101.2
96.6

181.2
72.5
16.4
92.3

175.1
71.0
15 9
88.2

175.8
71.2
16.3
88.3

172.3
70.4
16 3
85.6

176.0
72.1
16. 6
87.4

184.0
76.0
16. 7
91.3

191.3
78.5
17.0
95.8

200.9
81.6
17. 5
101.8

207.7
83.6
17 8
106.3

209.2
84.0
17 8
107.4

205.9
83.3
17 6
105.0

211.1
85.2
19 8
106 1

323.4

314.9
33.7
3.4
15.7
206.0
13.5
29.5
13.1

323.2
33.1
2.9
16.5
216.8
13.1
27.5
13.3

316.7
32.2
2.7
16 2
215.4
12 2
24.8
13.2

314.3
33.6
2.7
16. 2
213.0
12 4
23.6

301.5
33.0
2.7
15 4
205.4
12 0

299.9
33.0
3.0
15.1
202.4
11. 8

320.0
34.2
3.2
15 8
217.1
11. 7
26.6
11.4

326.2
34.8
3.5
16.8
221.3
11.8
27.0

322.8
35.2
3.6
16 9
220.8
11.8
24.3

325.6
35.6
3.7
16. 7
218.8
12. 3
26.7

326.6
35.9
3.7
16 3
215.3
12 9
27.8
14.7

329.2
36.4
3.5
16 8
219! 1
13 1
26.1
14.2

339.0

517.9

n e ts

Rubber products........................................
Tires and inner tubes_______________
Rubber footwear______ ____
Other rubber products______________

830.2
5.0
96.0
365.3
23.2
184.2
71.7
33.8
9.0
42.0

__

___
.....
.......

321.0
33.6
3.2
15.7
212.9
13.2
29.0
13.4

20.8 22.8
12.8 12.2 11.8

11.0 10.2 11.8

37.2
53 9
553.3
75 0
21L 0
57.2
7.1

27 3
28.6
63.8

38.4
3.8

17 7
221! 5
13 9
28.9
14.8

A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS

T able A-3.

87

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
fin thousands]
1958

1957

Industry
Nov.2 Oct.2 Sept.
Transportation and public utilities:
Other public utilities___ ____________________
Gas and electric utilities______ ____________
Electric light and power utilities__________
Gas utilities__________ _________________
Electric light and gas utilities com­
bined______________________ ____ ____
Local utilities, not elsewhere classified.._____
Wholesale and retail trade:
Wholesale trade__ ____ ______________ .„____
Wholesalers, full-service and limitedfunction____________________________ _
Automotive____________________________
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
wines, and liquors............... .........................
Electrical goods, machinery, hard­
ware, and plumbing equipment...................
Other full-service and limited-func­
tion wholesalers_______________________
Wholesale distributors, other________ ______
Retail trade:
General merchandise stores________________
Department stores and general mail­
order houses__________________________
Other general merchandise stores........... ........
Food and liquor stores_____ __________ ____
Grocery, meat, and vegetable mar­
kets_____ _________ ______ _______ ____
Dairy-product stores and dealers__________
Other food and liquor stores_______________
Automotive and accessories dealers__________
Apparel and accessories stores_______ ____ _
Other retail trade (except eating and
drinking places)_______________________
Furniture and appliance stores_____ ______
Drug stores_________________________ _

Aug.

July

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

532
511. 5
220.6
130.7

540
519.7
223.9
139.0

547
525.8
226.3
141.1

548
526. 9
226.6
141.4

541
520.4
224.9
138.9

534
513.8
222.4
136.3

534
513.4
222.5
136.0

534
513. 7
222.8
135.7

534
514.1
223.5
135.7

535
515.0
224.0
136.2

538
517.4
225. 5
136.7

539
518. 3
225. 9
136.9

540
519.0
226.0
136.4

535
513. 8
219.6
133.4

153.9
20.4

156.8
20.6

158.4
21.0

158.9
21.1

156.6
20.7

155.1
20.5

154.9
20.4

155.2
20.3

154.9
20.0

154.8
20.0

155.2
20.2

155. 5
20.4

156.6
20.7

160.8
21.2

2,642 2,625 2,601 2,597 2,593 2,571 2, 592 2,617 2,633 2,662 2,721 2,722 2,695 2,661
1, 557. 4 1, 546.3 1,526.3 1, 520. 6 1,514. 7 1, 499.1 1, 509. 5 1, 523.8 1, 532.4 1,551.4 1, 590. 8 1,591.1 1, 572.2 1, 562. 6
111.0 111.3 111.0 110.7 109.6 107.5 107.9 108.0 109.1 109.3 110.4 111). 4 108.4 104.3
276.7 275.5 268.2 269.8 267. 1 263.3 267.2 272.2 272.4 273.5 277.9 278.2 273.4 275.1
380.0

380.1 379.8 379.0 378.4 376.9 379.8 383.8 387.1 392.7 398.2 400.6 402.7 402.0
789.7 779.4 767.3 761.1 759.6 751. 4 754. 6 759. 8 763.8 775.9 804.3 801.9 787.7 781.2
1,084.1 1,078. 3 1,074.4 1,076.6 1,077. 9 1,072. 3 1,082. 4 1,093. 6 1,100.3 1,111.0 1,130. 2 1,130. 5 1,122. 6 1,098.1
1,376.4 1,322. 9 1,252.8 1,238. 6 1,263. 6 1,259.9 1,251.8 1,232. 4 1,218. 5 1,288. 7 1,833.6 1, 479. 5 1,356. 5 1,355.3
879.0 840.0 802.0 795.3 808.3 803.5 794.5 787.5 785.7 837.8 1,186. 9 968.0 875.9 876.4
497.4 482.9 450.8 443.3 455.3 456. 4 457. 3 444.9 432.8 450.9 646.7 511.5 480.6 478.9
1,476. 2 1,479. 8 1,468. 2 1,478.0 1,481.1 1, 479.2 1, 477. 5 1, 484.0 1,490.3 1,488.6 1, 516.6 1, 500. 7 1, 465. 5 1,440.9
1,083. 4 1,076.8 1,060. 5 1,069. 6 1,070. 5 1,068. 8 1,067. 5 1,078.7 1,079. 8 1,080. 9 1,088.3 1,077.8 1,038. 4 1,014.5
192.7 202. 1 207.1 207.3 206.1 201.6 198.7 196.8 197.2 197.7 200.3 201.0 206.7 205.1
200.1 200.9 200.6 201.1 204.5 208.8 211.3 208.5 213.3 210.0 228.0 221.9 220.4 221.3
666.1 667. 2 670.1 668.6 668.9 669.5 670.0 680.4 690.3 704.8 736.4 724.4 719.3 727.1
551.1 540.7 496.8 503.0 541.9 536.3 533.8 526.1 505.2 534.4 670.1 578.4 556.6 565.5
2,066. 7 2,070. 5 2,065. 4 2, 058.3 2,049. 6 2,025. 2 2, 020. 2 2,014. 5 2,025.2 2,061. 3 2,174.4 2,116.6 2,094. 6 2,104. 5
356. 2 352.0 349.3 349.1 350. 5 350.4 349.9 351. 7 354. 5 354. 7 376.0 364.4 361.2 363.8
340.2 337.0 334.5 334. 2 332.5 330. 4 328.9 327.3 327.2 339.7 367.7 343.2 337.7 327.5

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of the series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper­
visory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, proc­
essing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, ware­
housing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services,


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

June

Annual
average

product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e. g., power
plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the
aforementioned production operations.
* Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

88
T able

A-6.

Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of unemployment
pensation for Federal employees,1 by geographic division and State

co m ­

[In thousands]
1957

1958

Annual average

Geographic division and State
Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

Apr.

May

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

1957

1956

Continental United States__________ 1,722. 4 1,905.8 2,202. 7 2, 510. 9 2,667. 3 2.984.0 3, 302. 3 3, 275.5 3,163.1 2.877.0 2,111.7 1,513.1 1,236.9 1,465. 8 1,225.2
121.9
86.7
New England...................... .................... 126.7 137.6 153.6 190.3 204.8 238.6 263.3 251.9 240.2 235.7 182 8 128.7 104 6
14. 1 10.3
18.5
11.0
8.2
21 8 22.2
24.7
25. 1 30.0
18.7
14. 1 16.4
13.4
M aine________________________
11.1
8.2
49
6.0
10.6
5.7
6.4
10.5
12.5
12.5
15.3
9.2
10.1
7.8
7.7
5.8
New H am pshire..-.......................
5
.
4
3.6
2
6
2.
8
6.5
1.8
6.8
6.9
3.7
4.6
5.9
3.3
2.8
3.0
2.6
Vermont..... ................. ..................
50.9
61.4
63.0
41.7
91.2 106 6 121.7 119.7 113 9 112. 1 92.0
66.8
85.0
62.4
59.3
Massachusetts_________ _______
20.4
14.5
12.2
16.5
27.0
27
0
12.0
26
9
27.2
23.
5
19.2
20.0
14.5
Rhode Island......... ............. .............
11.0
12.0
38.4
27.9
24.2
57.2
23. 7
16.5
61.1
60.0
63.5
66.2
47.4
57.1
61.0
36.9
39.3
Connecticut____ ______________
427 6
370.8
542.2 572.1 636.1 735.2 780.2 831.6 885.1 865.8 831.8 794.3 605.4 423.7 358 9
Middle Atlantic___________ ______
189.3
165.4
New York____________________
233.5 245.4 269.7 334.4 358. 2 374 6 391. 4 381.2 364.5 348.2 272.2 184 2 1478
75.6
69 4
80.5
67.6
95.8 110.2 118.9 136.3 150.3 149 4 145.5 141.8 107.3
87.1
83.6
New Jersey___________________
141.8
225.9
163.9
157.9
304.
3
321.8
137.8
335.2
343.5
Pennsylvania__________________ 225.1 239.6 270.5 290.6 303.1 320.7
570.8 638.3 692.5
138.0 166. 1 186.5
68.5
53. 1 61.4
133.3 148.2 156.9
208.7 223. 6 241.7
38.9
38.9
37.7

771.0
211.3
80. 7
169. 8
265.5
43.7

838.3
223.1
89.8
176.8
296.4
52.1

800.7
212.3
88.3
176.3
267.2
56.5

742.4
202 0
87.9
168 0
231.3
53. 2

631.6
166. 4
76.4
151.7
188.7
48.4

419.0
118.1
47. 3
81.8
133.9
38.0

295.0
79.6
33. 9
61.5
94.2
25.8

256 9
57.3
26 5
53 8
101.5
17 8

283.8
65.6
33. 5
68.2
93.2
23 2

257.5
47.5
31.3
59.6
100 0
19.0

85.8
24.8
7.3
38.0
.7
.6
3.6
10.8

96.6
27.8
8.8
43. 5
1.0
.7
4.2
10.5

104.6
31.4
9.4
47.4
1.2
.8
4.2
10.1

127.3
40.0
11 7
54 9
1.9
1.2
5.3
12.3

167.2
53.6
15.9
64.4
4.6
2.6
8.5
17.6

188.2
58. 1
20.9
63.7
7.5
4.3
12.4
21.2

185.2
56.0
22. 8
61. 2
7.9
4.5
12.4
20.3

162. 1 111.7
50. 1 34.0
12.0
18.8
56.2
41.3
4.2
6.7
2.4
3.8
6.5
10. 1
16.6
11.3

71.7
18.9
7. 1
30.6
1.8
1.1
3.9
8.2

55.0
12.4
5.2
27.7
.5
.5
2.6
6. 1

80 0
22 6
8.9
30.3
2. 4
1. 7
5. 4
8.6

71.9
19. 8
7.8
27.9
2.2
1.6
5.1
7.6

207.1
4.0
30.9
6.0
16.2
32.1
34.3
14.7
31.6
37.4

240.9
5.7
35.0
6.8
20.6
38.4
41.7
16.4
36.4
39.9

281.7
5.8
38.6
7.2
26.1
43.8
54.9
20.9
44.9
39.5

285.0
5.3
39.7
7.2
27.3
47.6
55.9
20.0
46.3
35.7

310.8 326.2 313.7 306.1 283.5 196.8
5.4
3.8
6.4
6.5
6.2
6.9
41.9
29. 1
47. 3 47.2
42.9
46.5
8.6
6.5
10.0
10.3
8.9
7.8
28. 1 17.4
33.2
33.8
31.6
29.3
23.7
44 6 36.8
52. 1 47.8
52.7
44.6
66. 7 64.3
68.5
66.5
63.5
26.2
18.1
22. 5 23.0
22.5
23.8
33.8
45.8
47.9
46.0
50.5
52.5
26.4
27.9
19.7
32. 1
35 2 35.4

147.1
2.7
19.4
5.2
11.9
16.2
33.4
14.4
25.8
18.0

136.7
2.7
16. 1
4. 6
10. 1
12.0
28.3
14.0
26 0
22.9

154.7
3.1
17.7
5. 3
13.7
14.1
39.3
15. 2
27.5
18.7

123.3
2.1
12.2
4. 4
11.3
11.0
31.3
13.0
21.9
16.0

99.1
28.1
32.4
27.7
10.8

111.0
33.8
35.9
29.0
12.2

131.7
41.6
42.2
33.1
14.8

155.9
49.8
50.5
38.4
17.2

165.0 188.1 200.5 193 3 200.1
57.4
66. 1 60.6
54. 1 61 3
59.6
64.0
65. 1 68.8
52.7
47. 2
44. 2 46. 1 45. £
37. £
26.6
24.7
23.0
24.2
20.3

177.0
47. 5
65.5
40.9
23.1

134.3
37. 1
46.1
32.5
18.6

107.6
29.3
37.2
27.1
13.9

91.8
27 2
31 6
22.5
10.5

110.9
33 1
40.2
22. 6
15.0

98.5
30.1
36.1
20.8
11.5

101.4
12.6
24.4
14. :
50.

110.1
12.9
25.9
15. 2
56.1

120.7
15.5
26.2
17. 1
61.6

129.9
17.9
27.1
19. (
65.6

133. 6
18.8
26. 8
20. (
68.0

153.8
24.2
29. 5
23. £
76.

165. 0
27.5
29. i
27.6
80.

158 8
26C
28C
28.2
75.fi

147. 1 126.6
27.8
25.5
27.5
23.8
25.8
21. C
56.2
66.0

94.1
18.6
15.5
15.5
44.6

73.0
13.2
11.8
12.9
35.

54. 7
8.7
8.7
9. 6
27.7

72.1
14.8
13 2
12.7
31.4

57.9
11.6
12.4
10.5
23.6

41.1
5.
3. C
2.
6. g
4. g
9.
6.
3.

51.7
7. g
4. :
2.
9.4
5.7
10. £
7.4
4.

72.5
12.0
6!
3. £
13. £
7.
12.7
10.
6.

86.5
16.
io. :
4.4
15. g
7.
13.4
11."
6. g

77.1
15.0
12c
3.7
11.7
6.
10.
10.fi
6. g

55.7
10.4
9.6
2c
8.2
4.7
8c
6.
5.2

38.
6. g
6. (
lc
5.6
3.
6. ‘
4.?
4.

23 1
4.0
2.7
.7
3.2
2c
5. :
2.2
2.7

34.5
6.3
5.2
1.7
5. :
3.
5.
4.
2. g

26.5
3.7
3.9
1.4
3.6
2.7
4.5
3.9
2.8

389.1
72.1
48.7
268.2

311. £
61.
40.'
209.

228.
46.
29.
152."

155.2
31.2
20. g
103.2

180.
33.
22.
124.1

132.2
28.1
16.2
87.8

East North Central .............................
Ohio_________________________
Indiana________________ _____ _
Illinois...___ _________________
Michigan___________ _________
Wisconsin_____________________

369.2
90.6
33.9
95.5
120.0
29.3

444.7
108.5
39.9
109.1
155.7
31.6

West North Central________________
Minnesota____________________
Iowa ________________________
Missouri . _______________ ____
North D akota___ ______________
South Dakota__________________
Nebraska_____________________
Kansas_______________ _____ _

71.1
18.8
5.1
34.9
.6
.5
2.8
8.4

78.7
20.4
5.6
40.0
.5
.5
3.0
8.6

South Atlantic________ ___________
Delaware______________ _____
M aryland______ ______________
District of Columbia________ ___
Virginia_______________________
West Virginia___ ________ _____
North Carolina.... .................. ..........
South Carolina_________________
Georgia_____ _________________
Florida_______________________

186.7
3.5
28.7
5.8
13.8
27.5
32.2
13.6
28.1
33.5

East South C entral.. ______________
Kentucky_____________________
Tennessee_____________________
Alabama______________________
Mississippi........................ ..............
West South Central________________
Arkansas........... ................................
Louisiana_____________________
Oklahoma___________ _____ ___
Texas_________________________
M ountain______ ______________ ..
M ontana____ ______ __________
Tdaho
W yoming_____________________
Colorado______________________
New Mexico___________________
Arizona______________________
U tah.................................................
Nevada

30.
4.0
2.7:
1.1
5.4
3.4'
7. 2
3.4
3.0

32.3
3. g
2. g
1.1
6.
3.4
7.£
4.
2.

36.0
4.1
3. ‘
1.4
6.1
4.1
9.
4.
2. g

Pacific
Washington.___ ______________
Oregon_______________________
California_______________ _____

195.
36.
16.71
142.3
1

212.
35. £
16. £
159.

227.1
37. £
17. g
171.

38.7
5. C
3.
i.e
5.
4.
9.
5.
3.
244.
32.
16.
195.

260.
25
15.
220.

1
Average of weekly data adjusted for split weeks in the month. Figures
may not add to totals because of rounding.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

311.
35.1
20.'
255.

384.
47.
31.
305.

413.'
59.
39.
314.

90.2
17.9
12.6
4.3
16.0
7.3
12.4
12.4
7.3
420.
68.
45.
306.

Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security.

89

A.—EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-7.

Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected operations 1
[All Items except average benefits amounts are In thousands]
1956

1957

1958
Item
Oct.
Employment service:
New applications for work.
Nonfarm placements_____

Sept.

775
514

776
545

Aug.

725
489

July

812
459

June
979
456

May

866

439

Apr.
954
404

Mar.
951
332

Feb.

Dec.

Jan
1,101

312

355

810
360

Nov.
819
406

Oct.

Oct
813
540

683
599

State unemployment Insurance pro­
grams: 1
834
1,346
1,193
2,024
2,285
1,815
1,795
1,983
1,538
1,513
1, 659
1, 251
1,186
Initial claims * _______________
1,259
Insured unemployment 4 (aver­
1,237
878
1,613
2,112
2,877
3, 276 3,163
3,302
2,984
2,667
2, 511
2,203
1,906
1, 722
age weekly volume)_________
2.3
3.0
S. 6
5.1
6.9
7.6
7.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
6.0
5.2
4.5
4.1
Rate of insured unemployment *.
Weeks of unemployment com­
4,693
3,461
4,814
7, 211
8,583 10,277 10, 879 12,020 13,055 12,457 10,793 10,780
7,776
7,157
pensated. .............................. .
Average weekly benefit amount
for total unemployment........... $30. 45 $30. 66 $30. 50 $30. 62 $30. 80 $30. 80 $30.88 $30. 53 $30. 48 $30.09 $29.75 $29. 44 $29.20 $27. 57
Total benefits paid___________ $210,300 $231,141 $255,432 $305,638 $325,039 $363,550 $403,845 $370, 248 $320,181 $313,012 $207,110 $136, <127 $131, 832 $91,476
Unemployment compensation for
veterans: •
Initial claims 1.......... ............ ......
Insured unemployment 4 (aver­
age weekly volume)_________
Weeks of unemployment com­
pensated........ ...........................
Total benefits paid t....................
Railroad unemployment Insurance:
Applications *..............................
Insured unemployment (average
weekly volume)____________
Number of payments 8................
Average amount of benefit pay­
ment ' .......................................
Total benefits paid 10_________
All programs:11
Insured unem ploym ent1

14
72

39

115
$3,104

43

36

135
309

106
227

112

122

$3,258

34

22

12

83
142

56
119

$69. 91 $70. 35 $69. 60 $59. 44 $66. 85 $67.27 $68.59 $67. 86 $67.52 $65.07 $64. 22
$19,076 $18,144 $19,861 $14, 735 $16,651 $20,574 $23,153 $21,626 $19,093 $20,127 $14,498

$62. 59
$8,852

$62.20
$7,332

$59.19
$5,197

2, 256

1, 623

1,314

939

333
$8,853

193
$5,047

17

20

21

117

80

118
260

119

128
250

101

113
272

1,863

2, 062

2,374

2,717

252

2,847

i Average weekly insured unemployment excludes territories; other items
Include them.
J Data include activities under the program of Unemployment Compensa­
tion for Federal Employees (UCFE), which became effective on January 1,
1955.
» An initial claim is a notice filed by a worker at the beginning of a period
of unemployment which establishes the starting date for any insured un­
employment which may result if he is unemployed for 1 wTeek or longer.
4
Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem­
ployment.
• The rate of Insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed
expressed as a percent of the average covered employment in a 12-month
period.
4
Based on claims filed under the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act
of 1952. Excludes claims filed by veterans to supplement State, U CFE, or
railroad unemployment insurance benefits.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

170
$4,574

$3,013

384
248
5,553 $10,151

129
,391

345
,285

334
$8,922

368
$9,833
20

24

128
307

146
338

149
319

3,186

3,527

3,505

279
$7,546

258
$6,924

140
284

3, 375

3,065

t Federal portion only of benefits paid jointly with other programs. Weekly
benefit amount for total unemployment is set by law at $26.
8 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning of
his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is required
for subsequent periods in the same year.
8 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods; the aver­
age amount is an average for all compensable periods. Not adjusted for
recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
10 Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments.
11 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, UCFE, and Veterans’ Programs, and that covered by the Railroad
Unemployment Insurance Act.

Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security
for all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which are prepared
by the U. S. Railroad Retirement Board.

90

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

B.—Labor Turnover
T able B - l.

Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
[Per 100 employees]

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Annual
average

Total accessions
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1953.
1957.
1958.

3.2
3. 6
5.2
4.4
4. 4
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.5

2.9
3.2
4. 5
3.9
4.2
2.5
3.2
3. 1
2.8
2.2

3.0
3.6
4.6
3.9
4. 4
2.8
3.6
3. 1
2.8
2.4

2.9
3. 5
4.5
3.7
43
24
35
3.3
2.8
2. 5

3. 5
4.4
4. 5
3.9
4.1
27
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.0

1949..
1950..
1951..
1952..
1953..
1954..
1955..
1953..
1957..
1958..

4.3
3 1
4. 1
4.0
38
4.3
2.9
3.3
3.3
5.0

4. 1
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
2. 5
3.6
3.0
3.9

4.8
2.9
4. 1
3.7
4. 1
3.7
3.0
3.5
33
4. 2

4.8
2.8
4.6
4.1
4.3
3.8
3. 1
3.4
3.3
4. 1

5.2
3. 1
4.8
3.9
4.4
3.3
3.2
3.7
3. 4
3.6

4.3
3.0
4.3
3.9
4.2
3. 1
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.9

1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1953.
1957.
1958.

17
1.1
2. 1
1. 9
2. 1
11
1.0
1.4
1.3
.8

1.4
1.0
2. 1
1.9
22
1.0
10
1.3
1. 2
.7

1. 6
1.2
2.5
2.0
2. 5
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.3
.7

1.7
13
27
2.2
2. 7
1. 1
1. 5
15
1.3

1.6
1.6
2.8
2.2
2.7
1.0
1. 5
1.6
1. 4
.8

1. 5
1.7
2. 5
2. 2
2.6
1. 1
1.6
1.6
1.3
.8

IC49.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1953.
1957.
1958.

0.3
.2
.3
3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2

0.3
.2
.3
.3
4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2

0.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2

0.2
.2
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2

0.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.1

0.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2

1949_____________
1951.......................................
1952............. ..........................
1953.........................
1954_____________
1955..........................
1956_____________
1957.......................... ................
1958......... .............. .

2.5
1.7
1.0
1.4
.9
2.8
l. 5
1.7
1.5
3.8

2.3
1.7
.8
1.3
.8
2.2
1. 1
1.8
1.4
2.9

2.8
1. 4
.8
1.1
.8
2.3
1.3
1.6
1. 4
3. 2

2.8
1. 2
10
l. 3
.9
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.5
3.0

3.3
1. 1
1. 2
1.1
1.0
1.9
1. 1
1. 6
1. 5
2. 4

2.5
.9
10
1.1
.9
1.7
1.2
1.3
1. 1
1.8

1949...................
19.50_______________
1951.....................
1952..................................
1953....... ..........................
1954___ ___________
1955______ ________ .
1956___
1957____ ________ _____
1958..___ _______ _____

0. 1
.1
.7
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3

0. 1
1
.6
4
.4
.2
.2
2
.2
2

2.8

4. 4
4.8
4.9
4.9
5. 1
3. 5
4.3
4.2
3. 9
3.8

3. 5
4.7
4.2
4. 4
4. 1
2.9
3.4
33
3. 2
3.3

4. 4
6.6
4. 5
5.9
4.3
3.3
4. 5
3.8
32
3.9

4.1
5. 7
4.3
5.6
40
3.4
4.4
4. 1
3.3
4.0

3.7
5. 2
4.4
5.2
3. 3
36
4. 1
4. 2
29
»3.3

3.3
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.2

3,2
3.0
3.0
3.3
2. 1
2.5
2. 5
2.3
1.7

3.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.9

4.0
4. 2
5.3
4.6
4.8
3. 5
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.5

4.2
4.9
5. 1
4.9
5.2
3.9
4. 4
4. 4
44
3.5

4. 1
43
47
4.2
4. 5
3.3
3. 5
3. 5
4. n
3 3. 1

4.0
3. 8
4.3
3 5
42
3.0
3 1
3. 3
4.0

3. 2
36
3 5
3.4
4.0
3. 0
3.0
28
3.8

4.3
3.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.6

1.8
2.9
3. 1
3.0
2.9
1.4
2.2
2.2
1. 9
1.2

2. 1
3. 4
3. 1
3.5
3. 1
1.8
2.8
2.6
2.2
1.5

1. 5
2.7
2.5
2.8
2. 1
1. 2
1.8
1.7
1. 3
*1.1

1.2
2. 1
1.9
2. 1
1. 5
1.0
1.4
1.3
.9

0.9
1. 7
1.4
1.7
1. 1
.9
1. 1
1.0
.7

1.5
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.3
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.4

0.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2

0.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2

0.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
2
>.2

0.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2

0.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

0.2

2. 1
.6

1.8
.6

1.8
.7

23
.8

2.5
1. 1

2.0
1. 3

2.4
1.1

2.2
1. 1
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.0

1.0
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.9

.7
1. 5
1.7
1. 1
1. 4
1. 8
1.6

.7
1. 8
1.6
1. 2
1.3
2.3
*1.6

.7
23
1.6
1. 2
1. 5
2. 7

1. 0
2. 5
1. 7
1. 4
14
27

1. 1
1.3
1.9
1. 2
15
1. 7

0 1
4
.4
.3
.3
.2
_2
.2
2
*.2

0. 1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1
.2
.2
.2

0. 1
.3
.3
.3
.2
j2
.2
.2
J2

0.1
.2
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2

Total separations 3
3.8
2.9
4.4
5.0
4.3
3. 1
3.4
3.2
3. 1
3 2
Quits

1

1. 4
1.8
2. 4
2.2
2. 5
1. 1
16
1. 5
14
.9
Discharges
0.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.2
.2
.1

.3
.3
.3
.4

2
.3
.3

.2

Layoffs

Miscellaneous separations, including military
0.1

1

1 Montb-to-montb changes In total employment in manufacturing indus­
tries as indicated by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes
shown by the Bureau’s employment series for the following reasons:
(1) The labor turnover series measure changes during the calendar month,
while the employment series measure changes from midmonth to midmonth;
(2) Industry coverage is not Identical, as the printing and publishing
industry and some seasonal industries are excluded from turnover;
(3) Turnover rates tend to be understated because small firms are not as
prominent in the turnover sample as in the employment sample; and


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

0.1
.

1

4
3
.3
.2
.2

.2

.3

2

0. 1
.1
.4
.3
.3
.2

.2
.2
2
.2

1
.2
.4
3
3
.2
2
.2
2
.2

0. 1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2

0 1
4
4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2

(4)
Reports from plants affected by work stoppages are excluded from the
turnover series, but the employment series reflect the influence of such
stoppages.
* Preliminary.
3
Beginning with data for October 1952, components may not add to total
separation rates because of rounding.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

B.—LABOR TURNOVER

91
Table B-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry 1
[Per 100 employees]
Separations

Industry

Manufacturing
All manufacturing.........................................................
Durable goods.........................................................
Nondurable goods *________________________

Total accessions

Total

Quits

Discharges

Miscellaneous,
Including military

Layoffs

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

3.3
3.7
2.7

4.0
4.6
3.0

3.1
3.3
2.9

3.5
3.6
3.3

1.1
1.0
1.2

1.5
1.4
1.7

0.2
.2
.2

0.2
.2
.2

1.6
1.8
1.3

1.6
1.8
1.3

0.2
.2
.2

0.2
.2
.2

2.9
4.8
11.0
3.7

2.9
5.5
10.2
4.2

2.1
4.9
10.9
3.6

2.5
5.0
7.2
4.8

1.0
2.3
4.7
1.9

1.5
3.3
4.8
3.2

0.1
.4
.3
.4

0.1
.4
.5
.4

0.8
2.1
5.9
1.1

0.6
1.1
1.8
1.1

0.1
.1
(3)
.1

0.2
.2
.1
.2

3.4
3.5
3.7
2.8
2.7
3.2
1.1
2.6
2.5
3.5
4.1
3.6
2.9
4.8
3.7

4.5
4.3
4. 6
3.4
3.4
4.0
2.1
3.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.4
4.0
3.5

3.9
3.7
3.3
4.6
2.5
3.3
2.1
2.5
2.0
2.1
1.7
3.0
2.5
2.3
4.1

4.2
3.6
3.3
4.4
3.0
3.7
2.9
3.4
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.1
1.7
3.6

1.7
1.5
1.6
1.3
.7
.8
.5
.9
.9
.4
.2
.6
.7
.9
.5

3.1
1.9
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.2
.6
.4
.8
.9
1.1
.5

.4
.3
.4
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
(3)
.2
.1
.2
.2

.4
.3
.4
.3
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
(3)
.2
.2
.1
.2

1.6
1.7
1.3
2.9
1.4
2.2
1.2
1.3
.8
1.4
1.1
2.1
1.5
1.1
3.3

.5
1.2
.7
2.4
1.3
1.9
1.0
1.5
.9
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.8
.3
2.7

.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2

.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.3
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2

2.2

3.2

1.3

2.4

.4

1.2

.2

.1

.5

.9

.2

.2

1.6
4.3

2.2
6.9

.8
5.2

1.6
2.7

.3
.8

.3
1.0

.1
.3

(3)
.3

.2
3.8

1.0
1.3

.2
.3

.3
.2

3.6

4.2

3.0

2.8

.4

.5

.1

.1

2.2

1.9

.2

.2

3.8
4.5
4.8
2.7
5.1

5.7
6.8
3.7
3.1
8.6

4.0
2.4
2.0
3.3
2.1

4.1
2.8
1.7
2.9
2.9

.9
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.0

1.4
.9
.8
1.0
.9

.3
.3
.2
.2
.3

.3
.2
.3
.2
.2

2.6
.9
.4
1.8
.6

2.3
1.4
.4
1.4
1.7

.2
.2
.2
.3
.2

.2
.2
.3
.2
.1

3.1
2.4

3.6
2.4

3.4
3.0

3.0
2.5

1.0
.6

1.5
1.1

.3
.2

.3
.2

2.0
1.9

1.0
1.0

.2
.2

.2
.1

3.5
2.1
5.9
3.1
4.9
3.3
2.9
2.9
2.1

4.2
3.2
9.5
3.4
4.7
3.8
2.5
3.1
1.9

3.7
4.4
4.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.2

3.3
4.9
3.9
2.9
2.3
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.2

1.1
.8
1.0
.6
.6
.6
.7
.5
.6

1.8
1.7
.8
.9
1.1
1.1
.9
.7
.6

.4
.2
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1

.4
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1

2.1
3.3
2.6
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.4

1.0
2.6
2.4
1.7
.9
1.8
2.0
2.6
2.2

.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3

1.9
5. 5

2.0
6.4

2.5
2.1

3.5
4.6

.5
.5

.8
.6

.1
.1

.1
.1

1.7
1.3

2.3
3.7

.2
.2

.3
.2

2.5
2.4
2.8
5.2
2.5
3.3

2.5
2.5
3.0
5.2
3.8
4.4

3.0
2.5
1.8
2.8
2.1
2.9

2.8
3.2
1.7
3.3
2.5
2.9

.7
.7
.6
.8
.5
1.2

.9
1.1
1.1
1.0
.8
1.5

.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2

.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2

2.1
1.5
.9
1.5
1.1
1.2

1.6
1.8
.4
1.8
1.4
1.0

.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.2

.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3

2.8
3.3

3.4
4.6

2.4
3.0

2.8
3.0

.8
1.4

1.1
2.0

.2
.2

.2
.2

1.1
1.1

1.4
.5

.3
.2

.2
.3

4.5

5.8

3.8

3.5

1.8

2.4

.3

.3

1.4

.6

.2

.3

1.0

2.0

1.4

1.7

.5

.9

.1

.1

.5

.4

.3

.3

4.4
4.7
6.4
2.2
2.1
2.1
.7
4.3

5.1
6.3
9.5
2.7
2.7
2.2
1.1
4.1

3.0
4.1
4.2
2.7
2.4
3.7
6.2
3.5

3.2
5.0
5.5
3.1
2.9
3.0
8.9
3.0

1.2
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.7
1.1
1.4

1.4
1.2
.6
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.2
1.6

.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5

.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3

1.2
2.7
2.7
1.5
1.2
2.7
4.9
1.5

1.4
3.2
4.2
1.3
1.1
1.6
7.5
1.0

.3
.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1

.2
.4
.6
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

D u r a b le G oods

Ordnance and accessories______________________
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_____
Logging camps and contractors............................
Sawmills and planing mills- ................................
MUlwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural
wood products__________________________
Furniture and fixtures_____ ___________ _______
Household furniture______________________ I
Other furniture and fixtures_________________
Stone, clay, and glass products__________________
Glass and glass products____________________
Cement, hydraulic_________________________
Structural clay products________________ ” ”
Pottery and related products______
Primary metal industries______________________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rollingmifis” "
Iron and steel foundries____________________
Gray-iron foundries____________________
Malleable-Iron foundries________________
Steel foundries_______________ _____ __ I
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals:
Primary smelting and refining of copper,
lead, and zin c_______________________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous
metalsRolling, drawing, and alloying of copper___
Nonferrous foundries_______________________
Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings ________________
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma­
chinery, and transportation equipment)________
Cutlery, handt.ools, and hardware___________
Cutlery and edge tools__________________
Handtools................................. ........... ..........
Hardware________________________ ____
Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumb­
ers’ supplies____________________________
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies.!.” "
Oil burners nonelectric heating and cooking
apparatus, not elsewhere classified______
Fabricated structural metal products_________
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving............
Machinery (except electrical)___________________
Engines and turbines____________________ !_
Agricultural machinery and tractors__________
Construction and mining machinery_________
Metalworking machinery_________________I.
Machine tools____________________
Metalworking machinery (except machine’
tools)_______________________________
Machine-tool accessories________________
Special-industry machinery (except metalwork­
ing machinery)__________________________
General industrial machinery_______________
Office and store machines and devices_______
Service-industry and household machines_____
Miscellaneous machinery parts______________
Electrical machinery_________________ _________
Electrical generating, transmission, distribué’
tion, and industrial apparatus_____________
Communication equipment_________________
Radios, phonographs, television sets, and
equipment....... ................. ..........................
Telephone, telegraph, and related equip­
ment..............................................................
Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous
products________________________________
Transportation equipment_____________________
M otor vehicles and equipment______________
Aircraft and parts............................................... ”
Aircraft . . . ____________________________
Aircraft engines and parts_______________
Aircraft propellers and parts_____________
Other aircraft parts and equipment..............
See footnotes at end of table.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

92
T able B -2.

Labor turnover rates, by industry1—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Total accessions
Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Miscellaneous,
including military

Layoffs

Discharges

Quits

Total

Industry

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Oct.
1958

Sept.
1958

Manu fac turing—C ont lnued
D u r a b le

G ood s

—Continued

Transportation equipment—Continued:
Ship and Loaf building and repairing
Railroad equipment
_________________ - __
Locomotives and parts
_ ____________
Railroad and street ears _________________
Other transportation equipment...........................
Instruments and related products_______________
Photographic apparatus____________________
Watches and clocks
_____________ -_____
Professional and scientific instruments
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry silverware, and plated w a r e .________
N o n d u r a b le

( 4)
( 4)

(4)
20.8
3.0

11.4
7.3
1.6
17.0
5.4

(4)
( 4)

(4)
20.9
2.3

(4)
0.4
1.1

2.7
.4
.4
.2
2.8

( 4)
( 4)

( 4)

(4)
(4)
0.3
.4

0.5
.1

.2
.1
.2

.2

.1

.2

.2
.2

.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

2.1
2.0

2. 5
3.1

.2
.3

.2

2.5
.7

1.5
1.1

. 4

4.9
2.0

4.2
1.7

1.8
1.2

2.1
1.2

.3

3.0
2.8

3.3
3.4

3.5
2.8

4.5
4.2

1.0
.5

1.6

3.1
2.3

2.8
2.7

4.0
2.8

3.3
3.8

.9
1. 5

.1
.2

.8

0.3
.5
.5
.5
.3

1.6
.2

5.2
3.4

4.3
3.0

.1

.1
.1
.1
.1

0
0
0

2.6
.4

1.3
1. 5
.9
1.4

( 4)

8.5
6.2
2.1
13. 2
.4

.4
.1

1.0
(4)
1.0
.9

2.2
( 4)

(4)
19.7
.7

.8
.3
1. 2
.9

2.4
2.0
2.4
2. 5

2.4
1.1
5.2
2.4

( 4)
( 4)

2.3
.8

3.6
2.1

3.8
2.9

2.6
( 4)

0.4
(3)
(3)
.1
.4

( 4)

0

.2
.2

.1

.1

G oods

Food and kindred p ro d u cts____________________
Meat products __________________________
Grain-mill products _____________________
Bakery products
_________ -___________
Beverages:
Malt liquors
______________________
Tobacco manufactures _______________________
Cigarettes
____________________________
Gigars
________________________________________
Tobacco and snuff ________________________
__________________
Textile-mill products
Yarn and thread mills
_________________
Broad-woven fabric mills
_______________
Gotten silk synthetic fiber______________
Woolen and worsted____________________
Knitting mills
_________________________
Full-fashioned hosiery ________________
Seamless hosiery
_______ _________
K nit underwear
_ _____________
Dyeing and finishing textiles________________
Carpets mgs other floor coverings
___
Apparel and other finished textile products_______
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats
_________
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work clothing..
Paper and allied products
_________________
Pulp paper and paperboard mills
____
Paperboard containers and boxes____________
Chemicals and allied products
_______________
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______________
Industrial organic chemicals_
_ ______
Synthetic fibers
___________________
Drugs and medicines
_______________ ___
Paints pigments, and fillers _______________
Products of petroleum and coal_____-___________
Petroleum refining ________________ ___ ____
Rubber products
___________ - ______________
Tires and inner t u b e s _____________________
Rubber footwear
_____________________
Other rubber products
____ _
__
Leather and leather products___________________
Leather* tanned curried, and finished _„.
Footwear (except rubber) __________________
Nonmanufacturing
Metal mining
_________________________ -__
Tron mining ___________ - __ - _____________
Goppe.f mining
________________________
Tiead and 7.ino mining
_____________ -_
Anthracite mining
______________ -----Bituminous-coal mining
________ -------------Communication:
Telephone
__ ________ -____________ _
Telegraph 8 - ____________________________________________

1.6

( 4)

6.7

( 4)

.7
1.6
2.1
1.3

( 4)

.2
.4

.4

.1
.1
.1
.1

( 4)

5.1

«

1.6
.5
3.2
1.1

2.0
1.2
2.9
1.6

1.2
.4
2.3
1.0

1.6
1.1
2.4
1.3

.8
.2
1.6
.4

1.2
.9
1. 5
.8

.1
.1

3.3
3.3
3.5
3.4
4.6
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.3
2.1
4.6

3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
4.6
3.8
3.3
4.1
3.3
1.9
3.7

3.1
3.3
3.4
2.9
6.7
3.3
2.2
3.6
2.4
2.0
2.1

3.5
3.6
3.6
3.3
5.9
3.9
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.5
2. 1

1. 5
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.0
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.6
.9
.8

1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1. 5
2.2
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.2
.9

.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
.1

.2
.3
.3
.3
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2

1.2
.9
1.3
.8
5.2
1.3
1.6
.6
.8
1.0

1.3
1.3
1.3
.9
4.0
1. 5
. 5
.7
.6
1.0
.7

3.8
3.0
4.0

3.8
2.0
4.0

3.8
4.2
3.8

3.6
3.3
3.6

2.1
1.4
2.3

2.3
1.6
2.5

.3
.1
.3

.2
.1
.2

1.3
2.5
1.1

2.0
1.4
2.8

2.5
1.8
3.1

2.5
1.5
3.1

3.3
2.8
3.5

.9
.5
1.3

1.9
1.8
2.3

.2

.2

.1

.1

.3

.3

1.5
1.0
.9
1.2
1.2
1.1

1.7
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.6
1.0

1.6
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.6
1.7

2.3
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.5

.6
.4
.3
.2
.8
.5

1.2
1.2
.7
.5
1.6
1.4

.2
.1

.8
.2

.6
.2

1.5
1.1

1.6
1.3

.4
.2

.8
.8

.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(3)
(3)

2.6
1.7
3.0
3.3

4.4
1.9
3.6
6.6

2.0
.9
4.1
2.4

1.9
1.2
2.4
2.4

.6
.2
1.5
.8

.9
.5
1.6
1.1

3.7
2.2
4.0

3.7
2.2
3.9

1.7
.6
1.9

2.0
1.0
2.2

1.7
2.3

.6
.2

.2
.1

( 3)

0

.1
.1
.1

(3)
.2

.1

(3)

(3)
.2
.3

.2
.2

.3
.3
.3

.2
.2
.2

3.1
2.8
3.2

2.1
1.3
2.7

4.5
6.0
5.5
1.4

1.2

3.2
4.0
2.2
2.9

.5

1.4
.4
1.4
1.5

5.4

3.6

1.2

.6

.3

.2

1.9

2.3

.9

1.3

.3

.4

(3)

1.4
.9

( 4)

( 3)

(4)

0

(4)

( 4)

(4)

.9
1.4

(4)

( 4)

(4)

2.0
1.9

(4)

( 4)

(4)

.1

.1

(3)
(4)
(3)
.3

.2
0
.5
.1

.2

3.4
2.4
3.5

i See footnote 1 and Note, table B -l. Data for the current month are
preliminary.
j Excludes the printing, publishing, and allied Industries group, and the
following Industries: canning and preserving; women’s, misses’, and chil­
dren’s outerwear; and fertilizer.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

11.9
7.1
3.0
14.0
3.9

(3)

.1
.1

.2
.1
.2

.2

0

.3

0
.7
.1

.2
.1
.1
.1
.4

.1
.1
.1
. 2

.1
.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1

.Ï
.1
0

.1

0

0

.2
.2

.1
.1
. 2

1.0
1.4
.8

.1
.2
.1

.1

1.3
.7
1.3

1.0
.7
.8

.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
.1

.7
.5
.6
.8
.5
.9

.8
.7
1.0
1.4
. 2
.8

.2
.2
. 2
.2
.1
.2

.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.2

.4
.2

.4
.2

.6
.7

.3
.3

1.0
.5
2.1
1.1

.7
.5
.4
.9

.2
.1
.3
.2

.2
.2
.2
.2

1. 7

1.3
.8
1.4

.1
.2
.1

. 1
.2
.1

.3
.4

.

1. 1
1.7

.3

1.5
3.3
.4
1.2

.6

.4

.1

.5

.7

.1

.8
1.8

0

(3)
(3)
0
0

.4
.6

.1
.2

3

.4

.3

0

.2

.3

0
0

« Less than 0.05.
4 Not available.
* Data relate to domestic employees except messengers.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

0
.2
.1
. 4

93

C —EARNINGS AND HOURS

C.—Earnings and Hours
T able C -l.
Year and month

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings hours
ings

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Mining

$98. 81
102.21
102. 91
99. 84
102. 03
99. 72
98.81
97.02
94.62
96. 01
101.89
99. 96
101.24
102. 14
102. 26

41.0
40.4
40.2
39.0
39.7
38.8
38.3
37.9
37.4
38.1
39.8
39.2
39.7
39.9
40.1

$2.41 $96.83
2.53 98. 74
2. 56 98. 70
2.56 96. 92
2. 57 97.27
2.57 97. 27
2.58 96. 78
2. 56 95. 40
2.53 92.93
2. 52 91. 10
2. 56 92.34
2. 55 96.13
2. 55 95. 63
2. 56 98.04
2. 55 98.42

42.1 $2.30 $96. 71
40.8
2. 42 103. 49
2. 48 106. 23
39.8
2. 46 100. 34
39.4
39. 7 2. 45 97.46
2. 45 98.19
39.7
2. 45 99.63
39.5
39. 1 2. 44 96.93
38.4
2. 42 93. 96
2.41 94.23
37.8
38.0
2.43 98.28
38.3
2.51 104. 43
2. 53 105.28
37.8
2. 54 104. 80
38.6
38.9
2.53 101. 72

39.8
39. 5
39.2
37.3
36.5
36.5
36.9
35.9
34.8
34.9
36.4
36.9
37.2
36.9
36.2

$2. 43 $100.28
2. 62 97. 75
2.71 92. 20
2. 69 96. 32
2. 67 98.66
2.69 98. 25
2. 70 95. 52
2. 70 94. 96
2. 70 93. 30
2. 70 88. 22
2.70 85.56
2.83 89.78
2.83 87.71
2. 84 94. 67
2. 81 100. 44

Mining—Continued
Coal —Continued

1956: Average_____
1057: Average
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February........
M arch______
April...............
M ay________
June________
July________
A.ugust______
September___
October...........

Petroleum and nat­
ural-gas produc­
tion (except contract services)

$106. 22 37.8 $2. 81 $101.68
3.02 106. 75
110. 53 36.6
3.04 106. 92
110. 66 36.4
3. 05 109.34
102. 18 33.5
3.04 111.64
107. 92 35.5
3. 04 110. 56
103. 36 34.0
3.04 110.83
100. 62 33.1
3. 04 110. 97
96. 37 31.7
3 02 108. 81
90.60
30.0
107. 06
31.1
3.00
93.30
106.30 35.2
3.02 110.57
32.4
3.02 110. 83
97.85
3.00 106.67
35.3
105.90
3.01 110. 02
106. 55 35.4
3.01 106. 39
107. 76 35.8
Nonbuilding
construction—Con.
Other nonbuilding
construction

Nonmetallic mining
and quarrying

41.0 $2. 48 $85. 63
40.9
2.61 87.80
40.5
2. 64 91.19
2.68 86.90
40.8
41.5
2. 69 86.31
41. 1 2. 69 84. 25
41.2
2. 69 81.00
41.1
2. 70 83.22
40.6
2.68 85. 45
40.4
2. 65 89. 59
2. 71 91.49
40.8
2. 69 91.94
41.2
40.1
2.66 93.39
40.9
2. 69 95.34
2. 64 95.13
40.3

44.6
43.9
44.7
42.6
42.1
41.5
39.9
41.2
42.3
43. 7
44.2
44.2
44.9
45.4
45.3

Lead and zinc

Copper

Iron

Total: Metal
1956: Average....... .
1957- Average
October....... .
November___
December___
1958: January
Fehrnary
M arch______
April________
M ay________
June _______
July________
A u g u s t...---September___
October_____

Coal

Metal

Total: Minine

43.6 $2. 30 $89. 24
40. 9 2. 39 88. 97
38. 1 2. 42 88. 10
39.8
2. 42 87.08
40.6
2. 43 91.52
2. 42 86. 24
40.6
39.8
2. 40 84.50
2. 38 85. 10
39.9
39.2
2. 38 84.74
37. 7 2. 34 83. 89
36.1
2. 37 86.03
2. 42 86. 55
37.1
2. 45 83.16
35.8
2. 44 83.16
38.8
40.5
2.48 88.04
Contract

Total: Contract
construction

$1.92 $101. 83
2. 00 106.64
2.04 109. 96
2.04 103. 01
2. 05 105. 44
2. 03 107. 10
2.03 100. 53
2.02 106. 44
2.02 107. 88
2. 05 111.08
2.07 110.11
2. 08 111.90
2.08 113. 70
2.10 114. 91
2.10 115. 44

37.3
36.9
37.4
34.8
35.5
35.7
33.4
35.6
36.2
37. 4
37.2
37.3
37.9
37.8
38.1

41.7
41.0
40.6
40.5
41.6
40.3
39.3
39.4
39.6
39.2
40.2
39.7
38. 5
37.8
40.2

$2.14
2.17
2.17
2.15
2. 20
2. 14
2. 15
2. 16
2. 14
2.14
2.14
2. 18
2.16
2.20
2.19

Total: Building
construction


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Other specialtrade contractors

$3. 17 $102.39
3.37 106. 30
3. 43 110.00
3.42 104.13
3. 42 102. 92
3. 42 104. 54
3.42 97.34
3. 46 105.42
3. 49 106.64
3. 52 110.09
3.55 109.51
3.58 111. 51
3.58 112.46
3.62 113. 53
3.63 113.80

32.9 $2. 40
31. 1 2. 63
30.9
2.63
29.0
2.65
26.6
2.66
30.5
2.68
2.68
27.5
25.0
2.65
22 3 2.63
25 8
2. 62
2. 62
30.9
30.8
2.59
2. 59
28.8
30.8
2. 60
30.5
2.60

construction
Nonbuilding construction

Total: Nonbuilding
construction

$2. 73 $101. 59
2. 89 105. 07
2. 94 109.21
2.96 98. 82
2. 97 102. 60
3. 00 103. 79
3.01 96. 21
2. 99 101.90
2.98 103. 45
2. 97 110. 56
2.96 108.67
3.00 110. 57
3.00 114. 66
3.04 117.32
3.03 118.71

40.8
39.8
40.6
36.6
38.0
38.3
35.5
37.6
38.6
41. 1
40.7
40.8
42.0
42. 2
42.7

$2. 49
2. 64
2. 69
2. 70
2. 70
2.71
2. 71
2.71
2.68
2.69
2. 67
2. 71
2. 73
2. 78
2.78

Highwav and street
construction
$97. 63
98. 66
103. 34
89. 41
91. 14
92. 96
85. 26
88. 21
94. 57
105. 84
103. 25
106. 50
112. 31
114 23
117 11

41.9
40.6
41.5
36.2
37.2
38.1
34.8
36.6
38.6
42.0
41.3
41.6
43.7
43.6
44.7

$2. 33
2. 43
2. 49
2. 47
2. 45
2. 44
2 45
2.41
2.45
2. 52
2.50
2. 56
2. 57
2.62
2. 62

Special-trade contractors
General contractors
$95.04
98.89
102.65
95. 37
97. 76
100.39
91.58
100.04
101. 60
105.12
103. 46
104. 54
106.48
105. 56
106. 64

36.0
35.7
36.4
33.7
34.3
35.1
31.8
35.1
35.4
36.5
36.3
36.3
37.1
36.4
36.9

Total: Specialtrade contractors

$2.64 $107.16
2. 77 112.17
2. 82 115.29
2.83 109. 62
2.85 111. 58
2.86 112.29
2. 88 107.18
2.85 112. 29
2.87 113.21
2.88 115.12
2.85 115.16
2.88 116 89
2.87 117. 90
2. 90 118. 99
2. 89 118.95

36.7
36.3
36.6
34.8
35.2
35.2
33.6
35.2
35.6
36.2
36.1
36.3
36.5
36.5
36.6

Plumbing and
heating

$2.92 $112.31
3. 09 118.87
3.15 122. 11
3.15 116.44
3.17 121.86
3. 19 122. 36
3. 19 117.85
3.19 120. 80
3. 18 121. 77
3.18 121.66
3.19 122. 47
3. 22 124. 64
3.23 124.97
3.26 126. 39
3. 25 125.68

38.2
38 1
38.4
36.5
38.2
38.0
36.6
37.4
37.7
37.9
37.8
38.0
38.1
38.3
38.2

$2.94
3.12
3.18
3.19
3. 19
3. 22
3. 22
3. 23
3. 23
3.21
3. 24
3. 28
3.28
3.30
3. 29

35.8
35.2
35.6
33.7
33.2
33.4
31.3
33. Ï
34.4
35.4
35.1
35.4
35.7
35.7
35.9

Painting and
decorating
$99. 81
103. 75
105.79
102. 20
102.23
102. 94
100. 78
103. 80
106. 91
106. 79
107.71
108. 42
110. 76
110. 25
111. 23

34.9
34.7
34.8
33.4
33.3
33.1
32.3
33.7
34.6
34.9
35.2
35.2
35.5
35.0
35.2

$2.86
2. 99
3.04
3.06
3.07
3. 11
3. 12
3.08
3.09
3 06
3. 06
3.08
3.12
3.15
3.16

Manufacturing
Durable goods

Special-trade contractors—-Continued
Electrical work

$78. 96
81. 79
81.27
76.85
70. 76
81.74
73. 70
66. 25
58. 65
67 60
80.96
79. 77
74.59
80.08
79. 30

Building construction

36.4 $2.80
1956: Average_____ $104. 94 39.9 $2.63 $101. 92
2.96
39.2
2.81 106. 86 36.1
1967: Average_____ 110.15
3.02
36.5
39.8
2.87 110.23
October_____ 114.23
34.4
3.03
2.88 104.23
November___ 106. 56 37.0
34.9
3. 05
38.5
2.86 106.45
December___ 110.11
3.07
2. 88 108. 06 35.2
1958: January_____ 110. 59 38.4
3. 08
2.86 101.64
33.0
36.0
February........ 102.96
35.2
3.06
2.88 107. 71
38.3
M arch______ 110.30
3.06
April
38.6
2. 85 108. 63 35.5
110.01
3.06
2. 86 111.08
36.3
M ay________ 115. 26 40.3
3.06
40.2
2.85 110. 77 36.2
June________ 114.57
3.09
July
36.3
114. 51 39.9
2.87 112.17
2.90 113.40
36.7
3. 09
August______ 116. 87 40.3
3.13
2.95 114. 25 36.5
September___ 120. 07 40.7
3.12
2.96 114. 50 36.7
October_____ 120. 47 40.7
Contract construction—Continued

39.5
1956: Average_____ $125.22
39.2
1957: Average_____ 132.10
October
135. 49
39.5
November___ 128. 25 37.5
39.4
December___ 134. 75
1958: January
132.35
38.7
37.5
February____ 128.25
38.2
M arch______ 132.17
38.2
Ap ril.............. 133.32
M ay.
135. 52 38.5
38.5
June________ 136.68
38.3
July________ 137.11
August______ 136. 76 38.2
September___ 140. 09 38.7
38.6
October_____ 140.12
See footnotes at end of table.

Anthracite 1

Total: Manufacturing

$2.86 $79. 99
3.02 82. 39
3.09 82. 56
3.09 82.92
3.1C 82. 74
3.13 81.66
3.11 80.64
3.11 81.45
3.1C 80. 81
3.11 82. 04
3.12 83.10
3.15 83 5C
3.15 84.35
3.18 85. 3C
3.17 84. 96

40.4
39.8
39.5
39.2
39.4
38.7
38.4
38.6
38. 3
38.7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.7

Durable goods

$1.98 $86.31
2. 07 88.66
2.0C 88. 75
2.11 88.93
2.10 88.93
2.11 87.14
2.10 86. 46
2.11 87. 75
2.11 87.30
2.12 88.37
2.12 89.89
2.1C 89.83
2.13 91.14
2.14 92.46
2.14 91.60

41.1
40.3
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40.2
40.0

Nondurable goods

$2.10 $71.10
2.20 73. 51
2.23 74.1C
2. 24 74.11
2.24 74.88
2. 24 73.54
2. 24 73.15
2.25 73.53
2.25 73.14
2. 26 73.91
2. 27 75.08
2. 28 75.66
2.29 76.04
2. 30 77.03
2.29 76. 64

Total: Ordnance
and accessories

39.5 $1.80 $91. 54
1.88 95. 47
39.1
39. C 1.9C 94.96
1.91 96.00
38.8
1.92 98. 74
39.0
1. 92 100. 77
38.3
38.1
1.92 99. 06
38.1
1.93 99. 72
1.94 100.12
37.7
38.1
1.94 99.88
38.7
1.94 100.94
1.94 100. 94
39.0
39.4
1.93 100.69
39.5
1.95 103. 00
39.3
1.95 102. 75

41.8
40.8
39.9
40.0
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
41.1

$2.19
2. 34
2.38
2.40
2.42
2. 44
2. 44
2. 45
2. 46
2.46
2.48
2.48
2.48
2. 50
2.50

94
T able C -l.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
hrly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
earn­
ings
ings hours ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
Total: Lumber and Sawmills and planing
wood products (ex­
mills 2
cept furniture)

1956: Average_____ $70. 93
1957: Average_____ 72.04
October_____ 73.97
November___ 71.94
December___
71.37
1958: January_____ 69. 09
February____ 70.43
M arch............ 70.80
April_______
71.39
M a y .......... .
74. 45
June________ 76. 14
Ju ly________
74.28
August______ 77. 74
September___ 80. 12
October_____
79.32

40.3 $1.76 $71.51
40.4 $1.77
39.8
1.81 70.92
39.4
1.80
40.2
1.84 72. 44
1.82
39.8
39. 1 1.84 71.00
38.8
1.83
39.0
1.83 69. 50
38.4
1.81
38.5
1.81 67.08
37.9
1.77
38.7
1.82 67.82
38.1
1.78
38.9
1.82 69.09
38.6
1. 79
1.84 68. 92 38.5
38.8
1.79
39.6
1.88 73.05
1.84
39.7
40.5
1.88 74.52
1.84
40.5
39.3
1.89 73.66
39.6
1.86
1. 91 76. 70 40. 8 1. 88
40.7
1.94 77. 68 41. 1 1.89
41.3
41.1
1.93 77.08
1.88
41.0
Lumber and wood

M illw o r k

S a w m ills

United States
$72.14
71.53
73.23
71.78
70. 27
67. 66
68.58
69.87
69.69
74.03
75.52
74.64
77. 52
78. 50
77. 71
products

p la n in o

South

W o o d en

1956: Average_____ $72. 90
1957: Average_____
75. 55
October_____
77.11
November___ 75.03
December___
75. 22
1958: January_____ 74. 29
February____ 74.28
M arch............. 74. 09
April...............
74. 28
M ay................ 77. 57
June________ 79.13
July------------- 79. 73
August______ 82. 74
September___ 82.91
October_____ 81.71

40.5
40.4
40.8
39.7
39.8
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.3
40. 4
41.0
41. 1
42.0
42.3
41.9

$1.80 $76.22
1.87 76.00
1.89 76.02
1.89 74.88
1. 89 77.60
1.90 76.04
1.89 78.39
1.89 78.39
1.89 78.20
1.92 79.60
1.93 81.18
1.94 78.41
1. 97 83.16
1.96 84.85
1.95 85.06
W o o d

Household furniture2

41.2
40.0
39.8
39.0
40.0
39.4
40.2
40.2
39.9
40.2
41.0
39.8
42.0
41.8
41.9
h o u s e h o ld

n itu r e

( .e x c e p t

$1.85 $56.71
1.90 56.23
1.91 56. 74
1.92 54.91
1.94 54.95
1.93 53. 30
1.95 53. 39
1.95 54. 67
1.96 55. 10
1.98 56. 34
1.98 58.03
1.97 58.15
1.98 59. 60
2.03 59. 68
2.03 59.13
fu r ­
u p ­

W o o d

West

b o x e s , o th e r

th a n

40.8
39.6
39.4
38.4
38.7
37.8
37.6
38.5
38.8
39. 4
40.3
40. 1
41.1
40.6
40.5

$1.39
1. 42
1.44
1.43
1.42
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.44
1. 45
1.45
1.47
1.46

h o u s e h o ld f u r ­

n itu r e , u p h o ls te r e d

$56.58
56. 52
57. 20
54.00
53. 76
52.40
52. 13
54. 04
54.85
56. 49
58. 46
59. 83
60.03
60.01
57.89

c ig a r

$1.38
1. 42
1.43
1.41
1.40
1.39
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.43
1. 44
1.47
1.45
1.46
1.44

41.0
39.8
40.0
38.3
38.4
37.7
37.5
38.6
38.9
39.5
40.6
40.7
41.4
41.1
40. 2

M a ttr e s s e s

a n d

b e d s p r in g s

h o ls te r e d )

1956: Average........... $65. 77
1957: Average......... . 66.63
October....... .
69.12
November___ 66.86
December___
67.83
1958: January_____ 63. 96
February........ 64. 34
M arch______
64.68
April................ 63.34
M ay_______
63. 00
June................ 65.23
July________
65. 57
August....... .
68.61
September___ 70.45
October_____ 70. 97

40.6
39.9
40.9
39.8
39.9
38.3
38.3
38.5
37.7
37.5
38.6
38.8
40.6
41.2
41.5

$1.62 $59.20
41.4 $1.43 $71. 82
1.67 59. 79 40.4
1.48 72.50
1.69 62.40
41.6
1.50 75. 52
1.68 60. 49 40.6
1.49 74.03
40.3
1.70 60. 45
1.50 76. 95
1.67 57.87
39.1
1.48 67. 71
1.68 56.68
1.48 70. 30
38.3
1.68 57. 96 38.9
1. 49 70. 12
1.68 56. 77 38.1
1.49 67.90
1.68 56. 77 38.1
1.49 65. 68
1.69 58. 05 38.7
1.50 68.63
1.69 58.20
38.8
1.50 69. 01
1.69 61.20
40.8
1.50 74.21
1.71 63.08
41.5
1.52 76.11
1.52 78.25
1.711 63.84
42.0
Furniture and fixtures—Continued

Metal office furniture
1956: Average_____ $87.15
1957: Average_____ 85. 28
October_____ 83.66
November___ 85. 97
December___
83.88
1958: January_____ 83. 44
February........ 82.28
March______
82.43
April............... 81.40
M ay________ 79.28
June................ 82.51
July________
82. 06
August______ 85.50
September___ 90.35
October.......... 88. 69
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

41.7
39.3
38.2
38.9
38.3
38.1
37.4
37.3
37.0
36.2
37.0
36.8
38.0
39.8
38.9

Partitions, shelving,
lockers, and fixtures

$2.09 $84.05
2.17 85.22
2.19 87.70
2. 21 83.85
2.19 83.64
2.19 83.38
2.20 83. 44
2.21 84.97
2.20 82.84
2.19 84.10
2.23 86.85
2. 23 86.14
2.25 88. 48
2.27 87. 98
2.28 86.80

41.0
40.2
40.6
39.0
38.9
38.6
38.1
38.8
38.0
38.4
39.3
38.8
39.5
39.1
39.1

$2.05
2. 12
2.16
2. 15
2. 15
2.16
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.19
2.21
2. 22
2.24
2.25
2. 22

39.9
39.4
40.6
39.8
40.5
36.6
38.0
37.9
36.7
35.5
36.9
37.3
39.9
40.7
41.4

$1.80 $71. 71
1.84 73.90
1.86 75. 26
1.86 70. 86
1.90 74.30
1.85 72. 75
1.85 72. 75
1.85 69.89
1.85 70. 83
1.85 74.69
1.86 79.98
1.85 80. 73
1.86 82. 15
1.87 82.35
1.89 80.18

Screens, blinds, and
miscellaneous fur­
niture and fixtures
$66.09
68. 40
70.12
68. 73
71.63
70.27
69.17
69. 52
70. 05
70. 49
71. 15
70. 45
72. 22
72. 45
72.27

40.3
40.0
40.3
39.5
40.7
39.7
39.3
39.5
39.8
39.6
40.2
39.8
40.8
40.7
40.6

39.0
38.2
38.4
38.3
37.7
35.9
37.6
37.7
37.4
39.0
39.3
38.9
39.8
39.9
39.8

$2.33 $74. 48
40.7 $1.83
2.32 75.60
40.0
1.89
2.33 76.78
40.2
1.91
2.34 74. 49 39.0
1.91
2.33 76.42
39.8
1.92
2.30 74.88
39.0
1.92
2.29 75. 46 39.3
1.92
2.30 75. 65 39 4
1.92
2.30 76.04
39.4
1.93
2. 34 78.20
40.1
1.95
2. 34 79. 58 40.6
1.06
2.35 79. 18 40. 4
1.96
2. 37 82. 57
41. 7 1.98
2.41 83.18
41.8
1.99
2.41 82. 78 41.6
1.99
Furniture and fixtures

Miscellaneous wood
products
$60. 01
61. 56
62.06
61.23
61.85
61.23
60. 76
61.85
61.69
61.62
63. 36
62.96
64.40
64.87
65. 92

41.1
40.5
40.3
39.5
39.9
39.5
39.2
39.9
39.8
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.5
40.8
41.2

Total: Furniture and
fixtures

$1.46 $68. 95
1.52 70.00
1.54 72. 04
1.55 69. 87
1. 55 70. 62
1. 55 67. 76
1.55 67.97
1.55 68. 32
1.55 67.26
1.56 66.91
1.58 69.06
1. 59 68. 85
1.59 72.09
1.59 73. 80
1.60 73.57

Office, public-build­
ing, and profes­
sional furniture2

W o o d

39.4 $1.82 $79.61
41.9 $1.90 $71.05
39. 1 1.89 78.99
40.3
1.96 64.71
39.2
1.92 78.80
39.8
1.98 65. 67
37.1
1.91 79.20
39.8
1.99 63.60
38.3
1.94 79. 40 39.9
1.99 66.01
37.5
1.94 78.61
39.5
1.99 63. 76
37.5
1.94 77.40
38.7
2. 00 61.82
36.4
1.92 78.38
38.8
2.02 60.10
36.7
1.93 77.99
38.8
2.01 60.38
1.94 76. 42 38.4
38.5
1.99 60.64
40.6
1. 97 78.59
39.1
2.01 63.92
41.4
1.95 77.81
39.1
1.99 63.11
41.7
1.97 82.22
40.5
2.03 64.94
41.8
1.97 83.84
41.1
2.04 66.41
40.7
1.97 81.40
39.9
2.04 66.68
Stone, clay, and glass products

Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products

$1.64 $80. 56
1.71 83.03
1.74 84.65
1.74 84.61
1. 76 83.58
1.77 82.32
1. 76 80. 67
1.76 81. 72
1.76 81.51
1.78 82.97
1.77 84. 63
1. 77 84.40
1.77 86.90
1.78 88. 78
1.78 86. 51

Millw’ork, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural
wood
products 2

m ills , g e n e ra l

40.3 $1. 79 $49. 09
41.6 $1.18 $90.87
1.82 49.29
39.3
40.4
1.22 88. 62
39.8
1.84 50. 55
41.1
1.23 89. 47
38.8
1.85 48.19
39.5
1.22 89.62
38.4
1.83 48. 22 39.2
1.23 87.84
37.8
1.79 48.46
39.4
1.23 82. 57
38.1
1.80 48. 09 39. 1 1.23 86.10
38.6
1.81 48.83
39. 7
1.23 86. 71
38.5
1.81 48.83
39 7
1.23 86.02
1.86 49. 94 40.6
39.8
1. 23 91. 26
40.6
1.86 51.00
41.8
1.22 91.96
39. 7 1. 88 50. 43
41.0
1.23 91.42
40.8
1. 90 52. 33 42. 2
1. 24 94.33
41. 1 1.91 52. 15 42.4
1.23 96.16
40.9
1.90 52. 70 42.5
1.24 95.92
(except furniture)—Continued

W ooden containers 2

P ly w o o d

a n d

41.1
40.5
40.5
40 1
39.8
39.2
38.6
39.1
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0

Flat glass

$1.96 $113.30
2.05 114. 62
2.09 116. 76
2. 11 126. 95
2. 10 118.99
2.10 117.09
2.09 109.63
2.09 108.02
2.09 104. 80
2.09 105 09
2. 10 103. 32
2.11 108. 29
2.13 122.18
2.16 128. 94
2.11 76.18

41.2 $2.75
40.5
2.83
40.4
2. 89
42.6
2.98
40.2
2.96
40. 1 2.92
38.2
2.87
37.9
2.85
36.9
2.84
37.4
2.81
36.9
2.80
37.6
2.88
41.0
2.98
42.0
3.07
27.5
2. 77

40.8
40.0
40.7
39.7
39.9
38.5
38.4
38.6
38.0
37.8
38.8
38.9
40.5
41.0
41.1

$1.69
1.76
1.77
1.76
1. 77
1. 76
1. 77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.78
1. 77
1.78
1.80
1.79

o ffic e f u r n itu r e

42.8
40.7
41.3
39.5
41.0
39.6
38.4
37.1
37.5
37.9
39.7
40.2
41.1
42.3
42.2

$1.66
1.59
1.59
1.61
1.61
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.57
1.58
1.57
1.58

Class and glassware,
pressed or blown 2
$79.40
83.58
83. 74
85.10
84.56
84.77
84. 56
86.00
83. 85
84. 71
86.40
84.28
85.97
85. 97
87.67

39.7
39.8
39.5
39.4
39.7
39.8
39.7
40.0
39.0
39.4
40.0
39.2
39.8
39.8
40.4

$2.00
2.10
2.12
2.16
2. 13
2. 13
2.13
2.15
2.15
2. 15
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l.

95

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly wkly Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers

1956: Average_____ $80.59
1957: Average_____ 85.01
October_____ 84.74
November___ 86.67
December___ 85. 20
1958: Ja n u a rv ____
85.86
February------ 86.69
March______
87.29
April_______
86. 58
M yy______
87 67
June________ 88. 75
86. 37
July________
Aueust ........... 88. 07
September___ 86. 58
October_____
88. 73

39.7
40.1
39.6
40.5
40.0
40.5
40.7
40.6
39 9
40 4
40.9
39.8
40.4
39.9
40.7

$2.03 $77. 81
2. 12 81 56
2. 14 82. 74
2. 14 82.84
2. 13 83. 53
2.12 83.42
2. 13 81.58
2.15 83. 67
2. 17 79.92
2 17 80 14
2.17 81.79
2. 17 80. 77
2.18 82. 04
2.17 85.14
2.18 86. 40

Floor and wall tile
1956: Average-------- $73. 57
1957: Average_____ 75.81
October_____
76. 99
November___ 76. 61
December___ 75 46
1958: Ja n u a ry ____
73 92
February____ 73. 54
M a rc h ..,___
74. 30
April ______ 74 11
M ay_______
76 44
June________ 77. 39
July________
77 18
August ........... 78. 59
September___ 79. 37
October_____ 79. 59

40.2
39.9
40.1
39.9
39.3
38.5
38. 5
38.9
38.6
39 4
40. 1
40.2
40.3
40. 7
40.4

Pressed or blown glass Glass products made
of purchased glass
39.7
39.4
39.4
38.0
39.4
38.8
38.3
39.1
37.7
37 8
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.6
40.0

$1.96 $69.12
2.07 70. 67
2.10 74. 44
2. 18 72. 40
2. 12 72. 07
2.15 68.92
2. 13 67.30
2. 14 68.20
2.12 67.88
2 12 68.99
2. 13 09.72
2. 12 70.25
2.12 72.68
2.15 75.70
2.16 74.89

40.9
39.7
40.9
40.0
39.6
38 5
37.6
38. 1
37.5
37.7
38.1
38.6
39.5
40.7
40.7

40.2
39.6
40.5
38. 7
37.6
35. 1
35.0
35.3
36.2
38 0
39.6
39.5
39.7
40.4
40.4

$1.81 $80.36
1.85 83.81
1.89 84.80
1.86 82. 43
1.87 83.92
1.86 80.91
1.87 78. 08
1.86 77.95
1.87 78.40
1.93 80 19
1.94 83. 25
1.94 86. 07
1.96 87. 66
1.97 91.72
1.98 91.10

39.2
38.8
38 2
37 3
37 8
35 8
34 7
34.8
35.0
35 8
37.0
37.1
37.3
38.7
38.6

Structural clay
products 3

$2.05
2. 16
2 22
2.21
2.22
2.26
2. 25
2. 24
2. 24
2 24
2. 25
2. 32
2. 35
2.37
2. 36

$72. 20
73 48
74 63
75.78
74. 10
71.86
73. 08
73. 24
71.60
70. 85
71.40
70. 38
71.71
74.30
75.52

37.8
37,3
37.5
37.7
36.5
35 4
36.0
35.9
35. 1
34 9
35.0
34.5
35.5
36.6
37.2

$1.91 $81.88
1.97 82 75
1.99 85. 06
2.01 82 29
2.03 81. 51
2.03 81. 54
2.03 78. 80
2. 04 80. 16
2.04 81. 76
2 03 85 77
2.04 88.20
2. 04 89. 49
2. 02 90. 50
2.03 90. 37
2. 03 91.84

Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Cut-stone and stone
products
1956: Average_____ $69.87
1957: Average-------- 70.98
October_____
72.62
November___ 70.27
December___
70.67
1958: J a n u a ry ____
69. 74
February __ 69. 38
M arch............. 71.96
April_______
73.21
M ay------------ 74. 98
June________ 74.26
Ju ly -----------72. 94
August _____ 73. 21
September___ 75. 21
October......... . 75.44

Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products 3

Abrasive products

41.1
40.1
40.8
39.7
39.7
39.4
39.2
40.2
40.9
41.2
40.8
40.3
40.9
41.1
41.0

$1.70 $83.23
40.8 $2.04 $88.62
40.1 $2.21
1.77 86.67
2.14 90. 74 39.8
40.5
2.28
1.78 87.64
40.2
2.18 90.94
39.2
2.32
1.77 85.28
2. 17 87.93
39.3
37.9
2 32
1.78 85.93
2.17 92.97
39.6
39.9
2.33
1.77 84. 41 38.9
2.17 89. 09 38.4
2.32
1.77 83.81
2. 16 87.17
38.8
2 30
37.9
1.79 85. 67 39.3
2. 18 89.01
38. 7 2. 30
1.79 83. 98 38.7
2. 17 87.09
37.7
2.31
1.82 84 *8 38.8
2 18 86. 95 37 0 2 35
1.82 87.74
2.21 87.89
39.7
37.4
2.35
1.81 85. 75 38.8
2. 21 86.86
37.6
2. 31
1.79 89. 42 40.1
2. 23 87.78
2. 31
38.0
1.83 91.35
40.6
2. 25 92.50
39.7
2. 33
1.84 91.62
40.9
2. 24 95.18
2. 35
40.5
Blast furnaces, steel
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling Electrometallurgical
works, and rolling
mills, except electro­
products
mills *
metallurgical prod­
ucts

1956: Average_____ $102.06
40.5
1957: Average_____ 104. 79 39.1
October_____ 103. 74 38.0
November___ 102. 54 37.7
December___ 101. 18 37.2
1958: Januarv _ ..
100. 46 36.4
February____ 98. 18 35.7
March______ 100. 46 36.4
A pril_______ 100.91
36.3
M ay.... .........
101 66 36. 7
June________ 106.60
37.8
July------------- 111.72
38.0
August....... .
112.18
37.9
September___ 115. 71 38.7
October_____ 1 114 82 38 4
See footnotes at enii of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.52 $102. 47
2. 68 105.18
2.73 103. 85
2.72 102. 65
2.72 101.28
2. 76 100. 55
2. 75 98.26
2.76 100. 55
2.78 101.00
2. 77 101.75
2.82 106. 97
2. 94 112. 10
2.96 112. 56
2. 99 116.10
2. 99 115. 20

40.5
39.1
37.9
37.6
37.1
36.3
35.6
36.3
36.2
36.6
37 8
38.0
37.9
38.7
38 4

Brick and hollow tile

$1.69 $83.84
41.3 $2.03 $73. 44
40.8 $1.80 $69 97
41.9 $1.67
1 .78 87.91
40.7
2.16 74. 61
39.9
1.87 69. 60
1.71
40.7
40.4
1.82 90.50
2. 24 76.19
40. 1 1.90 71.58
1.75
40.9
1.81 91.35
40.6
2. 25 74.09
1.89 69. 43 39 9
39.2
1. 74
1.82 90.09
40.4
1.90 68. 73 39.5
2.23 73.91
38.9
1. 74
1. 79 89.60
2.24 71.06
40.0
1.89 66. 35 38.8
37.6
1.71
1. 79 87. 47 39. 4 2.22 69.93
1.89 64. 81
37.0
1.71
37.9
1. 79 87. 19 39. 1 2.23 71. 25 37.9
1.88 67 37 39.4
1. 71
1.81 89. 82
40.1
1.88 69. 95
2. 24 72. 38 38.5
1. 74
40.2
1.83 90 94
40 6 2 24 74 28 39 3 1.89 70. 82 40. 7 1.74
1.83 92.11
40.4
2. 28 76. 17 40.3
1.89 72.80
1. 75
41.6
1.82 95. 24 40.7
2. 34 76. 19 40. 1 1.90 72. 63 41.5
1. 75
1.84 95.58
40.5
1.92 73. 85 42.2
2 36 77. 95 40.6
1.75
1.86 97. 82 41.1
2. 38 79. 35
40.9
1.94 73. 33
1.75
41.9
1.84 96. 70 40.8
2. 37 79.15
1.94 74. 27 42.2
40.8
1.76
Pottery and related Concrete, gypsum, and
Clay refractories
Concrete
products
products
plaster products 3

Sewer pipe

$1.83 $72. 76
1.90 73. 26
1.92 76. 55
1.92 71.98
1. 92 70.31
1.92 65. 29
1.91 65. 45
1.91 65. 66
1.92 67.69
1.94 73 34
1.93 76.82
1.92 76.63
1.95 77.81
1.95 79. 59
1.97 79. 99

Cement, hydaulic

$2.53
2.69
2. 74
2. 73
2.73
2. 77
2. 76
2. 77
2. 79
2. 78
2.83
2.95
2. 97
3. 00
3 00

$88.22
93. 26
95.76
96. 24
96.00
98. 81
98.23
96.00
99. 55
97. 91
98.60
100. 65
99. 65
101. 45
100. 50

40.1
40.2
39.9
40.1
40.0
41.0
41. 1
40.0
40.8
39.8
39. 6
40.1
39.7
40.1
40. 2

$2.20
2. 32
2. 40
2.40
2. 40
2.41
2. 39
2.40
2. 44
2 46
2. 49
2.51
2.51
2. 53
2 50

Asbestos products
$84. 65
89.87
91.30
87.89
87.70
84.53
85.36
84. 50
84.07
86.80
90. 42
88.75
95. 49
94. 39
93. 56

$87.34
87 64
86. 64
85.58
86.41
82.31
82. 76
82. 54
81.52
82. 67
85.10
86. 16
86.25
88. 77
86.161

Nonclay refractories

41.7 $2. 03 $89.38
41.8
2.15 90. 20
41.5
2.20 87. 12
40.5
2. 17 86. 87
40.6
2. 16 83. 54
39.5
2. 14 78. 57
39. 7 2. 15 81. 74
39.3
2. 15 83.63
39. 1 2. 15 82.69
2. 17 83 78
40.0
41.1
2.20 87. 97
2. 23 89.67
39.8
41.7
2.29 92.13
41.4
2.28 99.18
2. 26 97. 25
41.4

Iron and steel found­
ries 3

41.2
39.3
38.0
37.7
37.9
36.1
36.3
36.2
35.6
36 1
37.0
37.3
37.5
38.1
37.3

$2. 12
2.23
2.28
2. 27
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.28
2. 29
2 29
2.30
2. 31
2. 30
2. 33
2 31'

44.5 $1.84 $78. 75
45.0 $1.75
1.84
43 5
43. 1 1.92 80.04
44. 1 1.89
43 4
1.96 83.35
1.87
42.2
1.95 79. 10 42.3
1.87
41.8
1.95 78. 17 41.8
41.6
1.89
41.7
1.96 78.81
39.8
1.91
1.98 74. 49 39.0
1.91
40.9
41.2
1.96 78. 69
41 5
1.92
1.97 80. 64 42.0
43 1 1. 99 84. 58 43.6
1.94
44. 1 2.00 85.94
1.94
44.3
1.95
44. 3 2. 02 86. 78 44.5
44.8
2. 02 87. 75 45.0
1.95
2.04 87. 47 44.4
1.97
44.3
2.05 88. 45 44.9
1.97
44.8
Primary metal
industries

39.2
37.9
36.3
36. 5
35.1
32.6
34.2
34. 7
34.6
35 2
30.5
36. 9
37.0
39.2
38.9

$2.28
2.38
2. 40
2. 38
2. 38
2.41
2. 39
2.41
2.39
2. 38
2.41
2. 43
2. 49
2. 53
2. 50

Gray-iron foundries

$83. 84
84. 15
83.85
83. 18
83. 55
78. 72
78.94
79. 39
78. 62
80. 86
83.03
84. 22
84. 15
87. 25
83.10

40.7
38.6
37.6
37.3
37.3
35.3
35.4
35.6
35.1
36. 1
36.9
37. 1
37.4
38.1
37.1

$2.06
2. 18
2.23
2.23
2. 24
2.23
2.23
2.23
2. 24
2.24
2. 25
2. 27
2. 251
2. 29
2. 24

Total: Primary metal
Industries
$96. .52
98. 75
98. 18
97. 03
97 16
95 23
94. 21
95. 35
95. 20
96 23
99. 96
102. 91
103.95
106. 74
106. 59

40.9 $2. 36
39.5
2.50
38 5 2. 55
2.54
38.2
38. 1 2. 55
2. 56
37.2
2.56
36.8
37 1 2 57
2. 58
36.9
37 3 2 58
2.61
38.3
38. 4 2. 68
2. 70
38.5
2. 73
39.1
38.9
2.74

Malleable-iron found­
ries

$83. 84
84. 63
84.29
85. 57
86.24
81.09
84. 45
83. 17
80. 33
81. 45
86.41
84. 83
86. 03
88. 94
84. 27

40.5
39.0
37.8
38.2
38.5
36.2
37.7
36.8
35.7
36 2
37.9
37.7
37.9
38.5
36.8

$2. 07
2. 17
2.23
2. 24
2. 24
2. 24
2. 24
2. 26
2. 25
2. 25
2.28
2.25
2. 27
2. 31
2.29

96

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

T able

C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. A Vg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
brly.
earn­
ings

M anufacturlng—Continued
Year and montb

Durable goods—Continued
Primary metal industries—Continued
Steel foundries

1956: Average........... $95. 63
95. 65
1957: Average..........
93.21
October....... .
November___ 91.63
December....... 93. 21
1958: January.......... 91.20
February____ 90.38
89.28
M a rc h ...___
88.08
April_______
87.00
M a y _______
June................ 88.81
Ju ly................ 91.50
August............ 91.74
September___ 92.61
94. 35
October_____

42.5
40.7
39.0
38.5
39.0
38.0
37.5
37.2
36.7
36.1
36.7
37.5
37.6
37.8
38.2

$2.25 $91.46
2.35 95.82
2.39 97. 44
2.38 96.64
2.39 97.53
2. 40 97.04
2.41 98.09
2.40 97.69
2. 40 97.04
2.41 96.96
2. 42 96. 96
2. 44 98. 55
2.44 99.54
2.45 101.05
2.47 101.71

Rolling, drawing,
and alloying
of copper
1956: Average_____
1957: Average..........
October.........
N o v em b er....
December___
1958: January...........
February____
March______
April_______
M a y ..... ..........
June________
July------------August______
September___
October......... .

$95.18
94. 54
97.03
96. 24
96. 64
90.34
91.44
92.16
90. 82
91.54
98.17
99. 88
101.52
102. 59
104. 42

42.3
40.4
40.6
40.1
40.1
37.8
38.1
38.4
38.0
38.3
40.4
40.6
41.1
41.2
41.6

Primary smelting
Primary smelting and
and refining of
refining of copper,
nonferrous metals *
lead, and line

$2.25
2. 34
2. 39
2. 40
2.41
2. 39
2.40
2. 40
2.39
2.39
2. 43
2. 46
2.47
2.49
2. 51

Rolling, drawing,
and alloying
of aluminum
$90. 90
96.00
98. 46
97.07
98.06
97.32
100.80
102. 62
102. 47
103.68
106.04
101. 26
107.20
108.27
111.65

Primary metal in­
dustries—Continued
Welded and heavyriveted pipe
1956: Average....... .
1957: Average....... .
October...........
Novem ber.__
December___
1958: January_____
February____
March______
April_______
M a y ....... ........
June................
July............... .
August__ ___
September___
October...........

$94. 48
99. 05
97.27
97.02
96. 89
97. 66
96. 90
95. 74
99. 96
97. 66
102.83
107. 74
112.34
105.18
110.42

40.9
40.1
38.6
38.5
38.6
38.6
38.0
37.4
39.2
38.0
39.4
40.2
41.3
39.1
40.3

Hardware

41.2 $2.22 $88.81
40.6
2.36 89. 91
2.43 89.50
40.1
2.41 89.15
40.1
2.42 90.05
40.3
2.42 88. 70
40.1
40.2
2.44 89. 15
40.2
2. 43 88.98
40. 1 2. 42 88.31
2. 43 87.42
39.9
39.9
2.43 89.10
39.9
2. 47 90. 46
2.52 89.24
39.5
40.1
2. 52 91.01
40.2
2. 53 91.31

40.4
40.0
39.7
39.3
39.7
39.4
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.5
41.1
39.4
40.0
40.1
41.2

41.5
40.5
39.6
39.8
40.2
39.6
39.8
39.9
39.6
39.2
39.6
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.7

$2.14
2.22
2.26
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.23
2.23
2.23
2.25
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.30

Nonferrous foundries

$2. 25 $88. 94
2.40 91.20
2. 48 91.64
2. 47 90.94
2. 47 90. 48
2. 47 90. 25
2. 52 89.24
2.54 89. 71
2.53 88.86
2.56 90.87
2.58 93.60
2. 57 91.96
2.68 93.60
2. 70 95.18
2.71 94.87

40.8
40.0
39.5
39.2
39.0
38.9
38.3
38.5
38.3
39.0
40.0
39.3
40.0
40.5
40.2

Primary refining of
aluminum

$95. 34
103.68
107. 59
105.20
106.13
106.52
109. 35
109.89
109. 62
110. 43
108.80
108. 78
115.20
117.38
118.90

40.7
40.7
41.6
41.4
39.0
38.6
38.6
38.3
37.7
39.0
39.7
39.1
40.8
40.0
41.9

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.36 $85.04
2.56 87.53
2.65 87.67
2.63 89. 76
2.64 89. 57
2.63 86.40
2.70 85. 24
2.70 85.24
2.70 87.60
2. 72 85. 72
2.72 86.37
2. 74 88. 44
2.88 89. 73
2. 87 90. 72
2.90 92.25

Miscellaneous pri­
mary metal
Industries *

$2.18 $100.14
2.28 100.85
2.32 99.43
2. 32 98. 42
2. 32 99. 31
2. 32 98. 30
2.33 96. 77
2.33 96.90
2.32 96. 14
2. 33 97.02
2.34 101.14
2.34 102.83
2. 34 104.15
2. 35 106.13
2.36 107.33

42.1 $2.02 $93.38
40.9
2. 14 95. 51
40.4
2.17 97.28
40.8
2.20 96.32
40.9
2. 19 96.96
40.0
2. 16 93. 65
39. 1 2.18 95. 80
39.1
2. 18 96.68
40.0
2.19 95.80
39.5
2. 17 96. 43
2.17 101.09
39.8
40. 2 2.20 99.75
40.6
2.21 103.02
40.5
2.24 104.60
41.0
2.25 106. 55

Iron and steel forgings

41.9 $2. 39 $105.42
40.5
2.49 105.97
39.3
2.53 102. 43
38.9
2.53 99 68
39. 1 2.54 101.52
2.54 100.47
38.7
2.54 98. 89
38.1
2. 55 99. 53
38.0
2. 55 97. 94
37.7
2.56 98. 58
37.9
39.2
2. 58 101.46
39.4
2.61 103.60
39.6
2.63 101.57
39.9
2.66 104. 34
39.9
2. 69 104. 83

Rolling, drawing, and
alloying of nonferrous
metals *

42.0
40.6
38.8
37.9
38.6
38.2
37.6
37.7
37.1
37.2
38.0
38.8
37.9
38.5
38.4

$2. 51
2.61
2.64
2. 63
2. 63
2. 63
2.63
2.64
2.64
2. 65
2. 67
2. 67
2. 68
2. 71
2. 73

41.5 $2.25
40. 3 2.37
40.2
2.42
39.8
2. 42
39.9
2.43
38.7
2.42
39. 1 2.45
2. 46
39.3
39.1
2. 45
39.2
2.46
40.6
2.49
39.9
2.50
40.4
2. 55
40.7
2. 57
41.3
2.58

Wire drawing
$96. 83
96. 63
96.56
95.68
97. 76
96.04
94.82
93.84
91.26
94.33
99.45
99.25
102. 72
105.88
106.19

42.1
40.6
39.9
39.7
39.9
39.2
38.7
38.3
37.4
38.5
40.1
39.7
40.6
41.2
41.0

$2.30
2. 38
2.42
2. 41
2 45
2.45
2.45
2. 45
2. 44
2. 45
2. 48
2.50
2.53
2. 57
2.59

Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)
Total: Fabricated
metal products

$2.31 $85.28
2.47 88. 94
2. 52 90. 35
2.52 90. 32
2.51 89. 24
2. 63 87. 25
2. 55 86. 36
2. 56 87.42
2. 55 87.14
2.57 88. 65
2.61 90.80
2.68 91.20
2.72 92.52
2. 69 93. 89
2. 74 93.02

41.2
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.3
38.9
39.2
38.9
39.4
40.0
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.8

$2.07
2.18
2. 22
2. 23
2.22
2.22
2. 22
2. 23
2. 24
2.25
2.27
2.28
2. 29
2.29
2. 28

Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies s

Tin cans and other
tinware
$92. 20
96.88
96.00
98.17
101.19
96.23
98.42
100. 36
98. 74
102.59
106. 68
107. 68
110.16
107. 78
106. 30

42.1
41.4
40.0
40.4
41.3
39.6
40.5
41.3
40.3
41.2
42.5
42.9
43.2
42.6
41.2

Cutlery, handtools,
and hardware *

$2.19 $81.60
2.34 85. 65
2.40 89. 38
2. 43 89. 57
2. 45 83. 92
2.43 82.99
2.43 82. 56
2.43 82. 94
2. 45 81.53
2.49 83.21
2.51 85.67
2.51 84.46
2. 55 86.80
2. 53 86.18
2. 58 86.51
O il

S a n ita r y

w a re a n d

p lu m b e r s ’ s u p p lie s

$2. 05 $79. 99
2.19 83.95
2. 26 86. 03
2. 27 85. 06
2.18 86. 55
2.21 86. 07
2.21 84. 97
2. 22 85.41
2.19 85.14
2.20 84. 75
2. 24 87.07
2. 22 86.19
2.23 88. 58
2.21 92. 03
2.11 92. 70

39.6
39.6
40.2
39.2
39.7
39.3
38.8
39.0
38.7
38.7
39.4
39.0
39.9
40.9
41.2

$2.02 $82. 68
2.12 86. 41
2.14 87. 69
2.17 90. 06
2.18 90. 06
2.19 90. 39
2.19 89. 24
2.19 87. 94
2.20 86.94
2.19 86. 79
2.21 91.48
2. 21 88. 85
2.22 90.62
2.25 94.24
2.25 93.13

39.0
39.1
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.3
38.8
38.4
37.8
37.9
39.6
38.8
39.4
40.1
39.8

40.8
40.4
41.0
40.9
39.4
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.3
39.1
40.0
39.9
41.0

b u rn e rs,

in g

$2.00 $72.62
2.12 74. 77
2.18 76.17
2.19 76.38
2.13 76.00
2.15 73. 53
2.15 72.58
2.16 74.11
2.14 75. 26
2.15 75.85
2.18 75.46
2.16 75.83
2.17 75.05
2.16 76. 78
2.11 78. 78
cook­

a p p a r a tu s , n o t

$2.12 $79.00
2. 21 82.58
2. 22 85.46
2. 28 82. 68
2. 28 84. 77
2. 30 84.10
2.30 82. 64
2. 29 84. 10
2.30 84.07
2.29 83. 85
2.31 84.89
2. 29 84. 85
2.30 87. 42
2.35 91.27
2.34 92. 38

Cutlery and edge tools
40.8
40.2
40.3
40.2
40.0
38.7
38.0
38.6
39.2
39.1
39.1
39.7
39.5
40.2
40.4

Handtools

$1.78 $82.82
1.86 83.37
1.89 84.96
1.90 85.39
1.90 85.81
1.90 82.82
1.91 82. 51
1.92 82. 99
1.92 82.94
1.94 81.38
1.93 83.71
1.91 83.76
1.90 84. 70
1.91 87. 25
1.95 88. 09

41.0
39.7
39.7
39.9
40.1
38.7
38.2
38.6
38.4
37.5
38.4
38.6
38.5
39.3
39.5

$2.02
2.10
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.14
2. 16
2.15
2.16
2. 17
2.18
2. 17
2.20
2.22
2.23

n o n e le c ­

tr ic h e a tin g a n d

e ls e w h e r e

1956: Average........... $83.44
1957: Average_____ 89. 13
October.. . _ 94.02
Navember___ 93. 98
85. 02
December___
1958: Jan u ary ......... 85.31
February____ 85. 31
March.... ........ 85.03
April_______
82. 56
M a y _______
85. 80
June................ 88. 93
Ju ly------------- 86. 80
August______ 90.98
September___ 88. 40
88.41
October_____

40.4
40.5
40.6
40.0
40.2
40.5
40.5
40.7
40.6
40.6
40.0
39.7
40.0
40.9
41.0

Secondary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals

Fabricated structural
metal products >

S tr u c tu r a l s te e l a n d
o r n a m e n ta l m e ta lw o r k

c la s s ifie d

39.9
39.7
40.5
39.0
39.8
39.3
38.8
39.3
39.1
39.0
39.3
39.1
40.1
41.3
41.8

$1.98 $87. 57
2.08 92. 99
2.11 94.39
2.12 93.02
2. 13 93. 71
2.14 91.71
2.13 89. 83
2.14 91.08
2.15 90.46
2.15 91.54
2.16 93.56
2.17 94.94
2.18 96. 52
2.21 96. 46
2. 21 95. 75

41.5
41.7
41.4
40.8
41.1
40.4
39.4
39.6
39.5
39.8
40.5
40.4
40.9
40.7
40.4

$2.11 $87. 57
2. 23 94. 73
2. 28 96. 37
2.28 93. 89
2. 28 94.35
2. 27 92.11
2.28 89. 38
2. 30 91.31
2. 29 90.91
2.30 93.09
2.31 94. 02
2. 35 95.88
2. 36 97.23
2. 37 96.05
2.37 94.80

41.5
42.1
41.9
41.0
41.2
40.4
39.2
39.7
39.7
40.3
40.7
40.8
41.2
40.7
40.0

$2.11
2. 25
2.30
2.29
2. 29
2. 28
2. 28
2. 30
2. 29
2. 31
2. 31
2. 35
2.36
2. 36
2.37

0.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l.

97

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

M anufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
Metal stamping,
coating, and en­
graving 1

M e ta l d o o rs, sa sh ,
f r a m e s , m o ld in g
a n d

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January------February___
M arch______
April....... .......
M ay..... ........
June.... ..........
July________
August-..........
September__
October_____

$84.85
89. 79
89. 82
90.98
91.02
87. 38
86.58
86.36
84.86
87.52
88. 75
90.68
91.30
91. 71
91.13

40.6
41.0
40.1
40.8
41.0
39.9
39.0
38.9
38.4
39.6
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.5

$2.09 $87.98
2.19 92.77
2.24 94.85
2.23 92.80
2. 22 93.25
2.19 93.43
2.22 91.94
2. 22 92.97
2.21 92. 73
2. 21 90.17
2. 23 94.71
2.25 94.96
2. 26 95. 92
2. 27 97. 04
2. 25 97. 53

Lighting fixtures
1956: Average_____
1957: Average.........
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January------February-.—
M arch___ /__
April----- ----M ay----- <---June_______
July........
August_____
September__
October_____

$76.40
79.80
82.19
82.80
78.16
76.94
75.75
74. 77
75. 75
78.13
80. 57
81.97
81.81
83. 84
81. 60

B o ile r -s h o p p r o d u c ts

S h e e t- m e ta l w o r k

tr im

40.0
39.7
39.9
40.0
38.5
37.9
37.5
37.2
37.5
38.3
39.3
39.6
40.3
40.7
40.8

41.5
41.6
41.6
40.7
40.9
40.8
39.8
39.9
39.8
38.7
40.3
39.9
39.8
40.1
40.3

$2.12 $90. 52
2. 23 93. 56
2.28 94.12
2. 28 92.97
2.28 95.76
2.29 93.96
2.31 92. 80
2.33 91.64
2.33 92.43
2. 33 95. 24
2. 35 97. 47
2. 38 96. 32
2.41 101. 70
2. 42 101.22
2. 42 99.12

Fabricated wire
products

$1.91 $80. 75
2.01 82.21
2.06 82.16
2.07 82. 39
2.03 82.59
2.03 81.33
2.02 79.90
2.01 80.29
2.02 80.26
2.04 81.30
2.05 82. 92
2. 07 82. 89
2.03 82.92
2. 06 87.10
2.00 86. 07

42.3 $2. 14 $87. 76
41.4
2. 26 90.13
41.1
2. 29 90. 72
2.29 93.02
40.6
41. 1 2.33 89.33
40.5
2.32 87.08
40.0
2.32 87.46
39.5
2.32 89.89
39.5
2.34 90.68
40.7
2. 34 92. 40
2. 36 93.03
41.3
40.3
2. 39 93. 26
42.2
2.41 92. 10
42.0
2. 41 95.40
41.3
2.40 93.48

Miscellaneous fabricated metal
products 2

41.2 $1.96 $86.09
40. 1 2.05 89.01
39.5
2.08 89.79
39.8
2.07 88. 51
39.9
2.07 87. 45
2.08 85.28
39.1
38.6
2.07 84.41
38.6
2.08 83. 71
38.4
2.09 81.75
38.9
2.09 83. 22
39.3
2.11 85.97
39. 1 2.12 87. 86
2.11 90. 68
39.3
40.7
2.14 93. 98
2.12 93. 30
40.6

42.2
41.4
41.0
40.6
40.3
39.3
38.9
38.4
37.5
38.0
38.9
39.4
40.3
41.4
41.1

Fabricated
metal
products
(except
ordnance, machinery & transportation
equipment) - -Con.

$2.04
2.15
2.19
2.18
2. 17
2. 17
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.19
2. 21
2.23
2. 25
2. 27
2.27

a n d

$97.36
98.64
95.01
95.99
91.85
93.84
98.06
95.45
99. 54
101.59
104.66
107. 61
110.25
115.02
101. 77

p r o d u c ts

kegs

39.2
39.6
41.7
37.9
38.5
36.0
37.1
40.4
36.0
38.5
39.5
42.2
39.3
42.0
42.5

$85.63
87.99
87.53
86.46
86.69
82.68
81.24
80.98
79. 76
79. 76
82.01
84.10
86.43
88. 34
89.19

42.6
41.7
40.9
40.4
40.7
39.0
38.5
38.2
37.8
37.8
38.5
39.3
40.2
40.9
41.1

S te e l s p r in g s

Total: Machinery
(except electrical)

$2.01 $93.26
2.11 94.30
2.14 93. 67
2.14 92. 50
2.13 94. 30
2.12 92.90
2.11 92.12
2.12 93.22
2.11 92. 75
2.11 93. 38
2.13 94.25
2.14 93. 77
2.15 93. 77
2.16 95. 60
2.17 95.28

42.2
41.0
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.0
39.4
39.4
40.0
39.7

$90.27
93.22
95.59
93.90
96.14
96.53
92. 25
94.24
98.21
102. 97
100. 44
103. 53
98.36
96. 75
99.15

40.3
39.5
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.4
37.5
38.0
39.6
40.7
39.7
40.6
39.5
38.7
39.5

See footnote at end of table.
491308— 59—— 8


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.21
2.30
2.33
2.33
2.34
2.34
2. 35
2. 36
2.36
2. 37
2. 38
2.38
2.38
2.39
2. 40
m a ­

c h in e r y (e x c e p t tr a c ­
to r s )

1956: Average_____
1957: Average------October_____
November__
December___
1958: January------February___
March_____
April----------M ay_______
Ju n e .......... —
Ju ly----------August_____
Septem ber..October____

$2.21
2.30
2.32
2.37
2.34
2.33
2.35
2.37
2. 40
2. 43
2. 43
2. 43
2.42
2. 40
2.38

n u ts ,

w a sh ers, a n d
r iv e ts

$2.28 $90. 61
2. 40 95. 41
2. 43 93.85
2. 43 92. 75
2.43 91.72
2. 45 90.15
2. 47 89.68
2.46 87.93
2. 47 88.60
2.49 86. 72
2.48 91.01
2. 55 91.30
2.57 91. 54
2. 62 92.49
2. 57 96.87

41.0
40.6
39.6
39.3
38.7
38.2
38.0
37. 1
37.7
36. 9
38.4
38.2
38.3
38.7
39.7

$2.21 $88. 41
2. 35 91.08
2.37 92. 70
2.36 92.48
2.37 89. 47
2. 36 87.91
2. 36 84.64
2.37 83.25
2.35 78.59
2.35 81.64
2.37 84.98
2. 39 86. 79
2. 39 91. 64
2.39 97.76
2. 44 97.70

42.3
41.4
41.2
41.1
40.3
39.6
38.3
37.5
35.4
36.4
37.6
37.9
39.5
41.6
41.4

$2.09
2.20
2.25
2.25
2.22
2.22
2.21
2.22
2.22
2. 24
2.26
2.29
2.32
2.35
2. 36

Machinery (except electrical)

A g r ic u ltu r a l
T r a c to r s

41.6
40.8
40.7
41.2
39.8
38.5
38.6
39.6
40.0
40.2
40.3
40.2
39.7
41.5
40.8

B o lts ,

t

Engines and
turbines 1

e n g in e s ,

b in e s ,

a n d

iu r w a te r

w h e e ls

D ie s e l

a n d

$2.24 $82.37
2.36 89.20
2. 42 89.44
2.42 89.60
2. 44 92.92
2. 45 92.63
2.46 93.03
2.48 95.47
2.48 93. 26
2.53 93.50
2.53 94. 60
2. 55 92. 27
2.49 91.87
2. 50 94.24
2. 51 93.83

39.6
40.0
39.4
39.3
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.8
40.2
40 3
40.6
39.6
39.6
40.1
40.1

$95.45
99. 55
100. 40
102.31
103.32
100. 50
100. 50
102.16
100.00
99.75
102. 26
99. 57
101.12
104. 49
105.82

41.5
40.8
40.0
40.6
41.0
40.2
40.2
40.7
40.0
39.9
40.1
39.2
39.5
40.5
40.7

$2.30 $101.33
2.44 113.05
2.51 112. 75
2.52 116. 60
2.52 117.02
2.50 103.88
2.50 104. 68
2. 51 105.06
2.50 106.27
2.50 106. 93
2.55 109. 21
2. 54 108.13
2.56 111.93
2.58 114.65
2.60 116. 31

e n g in e s ,

Construction and
mining machinery >

$2.08 $92.23
2.23 92.84
2.27 91.25
2.28 89. 70
2.30 91.87
2.31 90.94
2.32 89. 47
2.34 89.24
2.32 89.24
2.32 89.94
2. 33 90.09
2. 33 91. 80
2.32 93.22
2. 35 94.25
2. 34 94.49

42.5
40.9
39.5
39.0
39.6
39.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.6
38.5
38.9
39.5
39.6
39.7

41.7
42.5
41.3
42.4
42.4
39.2
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.9
40.7
40.8
41.1

$2.43
2.66
2. 73
2. 75
2. 76
2.65
2. 65
2.68
2. 67
2.68
2.71
2.71
2. 75
2.81
2.83

C o n s tr u c tio n a n d m in ­
in g m a c h in e r y , e x c e p t
o ilfie ld

$2.17 $92.01
2. 27 92.39
2.31 89.93
2.30 88.62
2.32 90.16
2.32 90.09
2.33 88.39
2.33 89.01
2.33 89.32
2.33 90.40
2.34 90.79
2. 36 93.14
2.36 92. 98
2.38 94. 41
2.38 93. 06

m a c h in e r y

42.4
40.7
39.1
38.7
39.2
39.0
38.1
38.2
38.5
38.8
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.1

o th e r

in -

te r n a l-c o m b u s tio n
w h ere

1956: Average_____
1957: Average------October_____
November__
December___
1958: January------February___
M arch______
April_______
May._...........
June.... ..........
July________
August_____
September__
October.........

$1.70 $91.94
1.78 93. 84
1.83 94.42
1.83 97.64
1.82 93.13
1.85 89. 71
1.84 90. 71
1.84 93.85
1.85 96.00
3.87 97.69
1.89 97.93
1.89 97. 69
1.87 96.07
1.93 99.60
1.93 97.10

p a il

42.7
41.1
39.1
39.5
37.8
38.3
39.7
38.8
40.3
40.8
42.2
42.2
42.9
43.9
39.6

a n d

m e ta l

p r o d u c ts

$2.13 $66.64
2.22 70.49
2. 24 76.31
2.28 69.36
2. 25 70.07
2.25 66.60
2.26 68.26
2.27 74.34
2.29 66.60
2.31 72.00
2.32 74. 66
2. 32 79. 76
2. 32 73.49
2. 31 81.06
2.28 82.03
,

S ta m p e d
p ressed

p r o d u c ts

M e ta l s h ip p in g
b a r r e ls , d r u m s

S te a m

Screw-machine

41.2
40.6
40.5
40.8
39.7
38.7
38.7
39.6
39.6
40.0
40. 1
40.2
39.7
41.3
41.0

V itr e o u s - e n a m e le d

e ls e -

Agricultural machinery and tractors *

c la s s ifie d

$94.21
95.51
96. 62
97.60
98.82
99.23
98.98
101.11
98.00
97.36
99.60
96. 72
97.36
101.40
102.06
O ilf ie ld
a n d

$2.17 $92.45
2. 27 93. 75
2.30 94.13
2.29 92.50
2.30 95.18
2.31 92.90
2.32 91.26
2.33 89. 71
2. 32 88.22
2.33 88.92
2. 34 88.69
2. 37 89. 30
2.36 93.06
2. 39 94.40
2. 38 97.34

n o t

41.5
40.3
39.6
40.0
40.5
40.5
40.4
41.1
40.0
39.9
40.0
39.0
39.1
40.4
40.5

$2.27 $86. 80
2.37 91.31
2. 44 92.83
2.44 92.04
2.44 94. 56
2. 45 94.49
2.45 92. 73
2.46 94. 95
2.45 95. 76
2.44 98. 01
2. 49 97. 28
2.48 97. 84
2.49 95. 04
2. 51 95.74
2.52 96. 71

m a c h in e r y
to o ls

42.8
41.3
40.4
39.7
40.5
39.7
39.0
38.5
37.7
38.0
37.9
38.0
39.6
40.0
40.9

40.0
39.7
39.5
39.0
39.9
39.7
38.8
39.4
39.9
40.5
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.4
39.8

$2.17
2.30
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.41
2. 40
2.42
2.42
2. 44
2.40
2. 43
2.43

Metalworking
m achinerys

$2.16 $108.69
2.27 106. 57
2.33 100.19
2.33 99.10
2.35 101.91
2.34 99.90
2.34 101.09
2.33 103. 72
2.34 104.00
2.34 103.10
2. 34 102.05
2.35 99. 58
2.35 97.41
2.36 99.31
2.38 100.08

45.1
42.8
40.4
39.8
40.6
39.8
39.8
40.2
40.0
39.5
39.4
38.9
38.5
39.1
39.4

$2.41
2. 49
2.48
2.49
2. 51
2.51
2.54
2.58
2.60
2.61
2.59
2.56
2.53
2. 54
2.54

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

98
T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn­ earn­ hours earn­
ings
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued

Year and month

Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
m a

M e ta lw o r k in g
M a c h in e

c h in e r y

to o ls

-

(e x c e p t m a

M a c h in e - to o l a c c e sso r ie s

c h in e to o ls )

1956: Average_____ $106.02
1957: Average_____ 100. 86
October_____ 96.24
November___ 94.23
December___ 95.92
1958: January_____ 93.06
February____ 89. 77
90.92
M arch______
89.49
April_______
M ay________ 88.67
June________ 89. 76
88. 43
July.._______
88. 77
August.- __
September___ 91. 06
October_____ 91.82

45.7
42.2
40.1
39.1
39.8
39.1
38.2
38.2
37.6
37.1
37.4
37.0
37.3
38.1
38.1

$2.32
2.39
2.40
2. 41
2. 41
2.38
2.35
2.38
2.38
2.39
2.40
2. 39
2. 38
2. 39
2.41

P a p e r -in d u s tr ie s

$97.41
99.42
97. 69
96.87
98.49
95.69
95.20
95. 84
96.61
93.61
95.23
97. 52
99.58
98. 04
99. 71

P r in tin g -tr a d e s
c h in e r y

m a c h in e r y

$2.26 $115.12
2.39 112.67
2. 43 103. 38
2. 44 102. 77
2.45 106.30
2. 46 105. 56
2. 46 109.06
2.47 112.74
2.49 113.30
2. 47 113.58
2.48 110.70
2. 52 106. 00
2.56 101. 40
2. 54 103.88
2.55 104.92

43.1
41.6
40.2
39.7
40.2
38.9
38.7
38.8
38.8
37.9
38.4
38.7
38.9
38.6
39.1

v ia -

a n d

e q u ip -

$2. 53
2.59
2. 54
2. 55
2. 58
2.60
2.66
2. 71
2. 73
2.75
2.72
2.65
2.60
2. 61
2. 61

45.5
43.5
40.7
40.3
41.2
40.6
41.0
41.6
41.5
41.3
40.7
40.0
39.0
39.8
40.2

General industrial
machinery 3

Special-industry machinery
(except
metalworking machinery)3
$89. 88
90.06
90.64
88.88
89.98
88.62
87. 52
87. 69
87.25
87.64
88.26
88.65
89.72
91.25
91.25

42.8
41.5
41.2
40.4
40.9
40.1
39.6
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.4
39.4
39.7
40.2
40.2

P u m p s , a ir a n d

F o o d - p r o d u c ts m a c h in

$2.10
2.17
2.20
2.20
2.20
2. 21
2. 21
2.22
2. 22
2.23
2.24
2. 25
2.26
2.27
2. 27
gas

c o m p resso rs

-

T e x tile

m a c h in e r y

tr y

$89.67
91.02
91.80
89.78
91.76
91.03
91.03
91.88
91.48
91.25
93.38
94. 48
96.00
94.89
94.83

$2.14
2. 22
2. 25
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.28
2.27
2.27
2.30
2. 31
2. 33
2. 32
2. 33

41.9
41.0
40.8
39.9
40.6
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.9
40.7

C o n veyo rs a n d
in g

con vey-

$76.59
77.55
78. 74
76. 81
78.14
76. 61
75. 26
73.92
72.96
72.94
74.28
74. 48
76.83
78. 80
78.80
B lo w e r s ,

41.4
40.6
40.8
39.8
40.7
39.9
39.2
38.5
38.0
37.6
37.9
38.0
39.0
40.0
40.0

$1.85
1. 91
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.97

e x h a u st

a n d

v e n tila tin g f a n s

e q u ip m e n t

m e n t

1956: Average-------- $97. 65
1957: Average_____ 96.78
October_____ 94.18
91.98
November
96.14
December___
1958: January_____ 90.03
F e b ru ary ___ 87.20
87.16
M arch______
86.24
April_______
89.20
M ay ______
June________ 88.31
88.88
July____ ___
August______ 89.10
September___ 89. 72
90. 68
October_____

46.5
44.6
43.2
42.0
.43.5
41.3
40.0
39.8
39.2
40.0
39.6
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.6

$2.10 $102.70
2.17 99.90
2.18 99.12
2.19 98.81
2. 21 98. 57
2.18 98. 90
2.18 97. 28
2.19 99.95
2.20 98. 49
2. 23 97.69
2.23 97.69
2. 25 96. 62
2. 25 95.06
2. 26 99. 54
2.29 98. 55

I n d u s tr ia l tr u c k s ,

43.7
41.8
41.3
41.0
40.9
40.7
40.2
41.3
40.7
40.2
40.2
39.6
38.8
40.3
39.9

M e c h a n ic a l

p o w e r

tr a n s m is s io n

tr a c to r s , e tc .

41.7 $2.17 $95.02
39.9
2. 25 94.53
39.5
2. 29 93.96
38.8
2.28 93.83
39.4
2. 29 93.60
39.2
2.2£ 92. 20
38.3
2.32 90. 24
2.32 91.26
38.5
2.32 89.94
39.0
39.2
2. 3c 90.17
39.3
2.3c 91.18
39.5
2. 37 91.03
40. £ 2. 39 91. 8(
41.1
2.44 93.30
40.2
2.43 95. 68

Service-industry and
household machines 3

-

e q u ip -

a n d

in d u s tr ia l fu r -

42.8 $2.22 $90.71
41.1
2.3C 94.16
2.32 98.00
40.5
2.34 94.66
40.1
2.34 96. 82
40.0
39.4
2.34 93. 20
38.4
2. 35 90.09
39. C 2.34 90. 55
38.6
2.3c 91.41
38.7
2.3c 88. 47
38.8
2.35 91.0c
2. 34 91.87
38.9
38. £ 2.36 91.0c
39.2
2.38 94. 8c
39.7
2. 41 94. 37

D o m e s tic la u n d r y
e q u ip m e n t

40.3
39.5
39.8
38.7
39.1
39.6
38. ‘
39. '
38.(1
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.7
40.
38.

Bee footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.14 $89. 54
2. 21 88.53
2.2$ 98. 65
2. 2f 87.9c
2.2- 83.68
2.2f 88. 78
2. 2f 89.62
2. 2( 89. 3:
2 2( 85. 8$
2. 27 91.39
94.25
2.2$
2. 3( 96. If
2. 3( 98.23
2.31 111.6C
2. 31 102.3C

40.7
39.0
41.8
37.!
36.7
38.6
38.:
39.0
36.7
38. '
39.6
39.9
41.8
45.
42.1

$90.31
90.20
90.72
88. 31
89.82
87. 58
86.91
87. 36
88. 59
88.65
91.20
89. 54
90.23
91.31
91.87

42.4
41.0
40.5
39.6
40.1
39.1
38.8
39.0
39.2
39.4
40.0
39.1
39.4
39.7
39.6

$2.13 $97.61
2. 20 98. 59
2.24 98.64
2.23 96.56
2. 24 100.12
2.24 95.04
2.24 93.21
2.24 92.49
2. 26 92.49
2.25 93.12
2.28 94.95
2. 29 92. 69
2. 29 93.94
2.30 93.94
2.32 92. 34

Office and store machines and devices 3

41.8
41.3
41.7
40.8
41.2
40.0
39.0
39.2
39.4
38.3
38.9
39.6
38.9
40.7
40.5

d r y -c le a n in g ,

$2. 20 $81.34
2.27 83.84
2. 36 87.57
2.32 86.3(
2. 2$ 85.06
2. 3C 82. 5!
2. 3' 79. 07
2. 2! 80. 3!
2.34 79. 55
2.3$ 79.5!
2.38 86.22
2. 4: 81.37
2.35 86. 33
2.4$ 84.80
2.4C 88.81’

C o m p u tin g
a n d

$2. 27 $86.53
2.37 87. 48
2. 40 88.44
2. 39 87. 56
2. 43 89. 79
2. 40 86. 85
2. 39 85. 75
2.39 86.24
2. 39 86.07
2. 40 88. 03
2.41 89.91
2. 42 89.87
2.44 90. 68
2.44 92. 57
2. 43 93.43

43.0
41.6
41.1
40.4
41.2
39.6
39.0
38.7
38.7
38.8
39.4
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.0

ca sh

41.8
40.5
40.2
39.8
41.0
39.3
38.8
39.2
39.3
39.3
40.5
40.3
40.3
40.6
40.8

$2.07
2.16
2.20
2.20
2.19
2. 21
2. 21
2.20
2.19
2.24
2.22
2.23
2.25
2.28
2.29

m a c h in e s
r e g is te r s

T y p e w r ite r s

8

oven s

$2.17 $90. 23
2. 28 90.23
2. 35 91.14
2.32 92.34
2.35 92.34
2. 33 89. 78
2.31 90. 87
2.31 91.73
2.32 91.80
2.31 91.18
2.34 93.37
2. 32 93.60
2. 31 93.46
2 . 3c
95. 34
2.33 95. 51

41.2 $2.19 $96.05
40.1
2.25 98.01
39.8
2. 29 98.95
2.32 100.25
39.8
39.8
2.32 100.10
38.7
2.32 99. 20
39. C 2. 33 101.15
39.2
2. 34 102.31
39.4
2. 33 100. 9C
39.3
2.32 100. OC
39.9
2.34 102.21
40.0
2. 34 104.14
2. 36 103. 42
39.6
40.4
2. 36 104. 34
2. 37 105.01
40.3

C o m m e r c ia l la u n d r y ,

p r e s s in g

1956: Average_____ $86. 24
1957: Average.......... 87. 30
October_____
90.7'
November. .. 87.46
87. 58
December___
1958: January_____ 89. 50
February____ 86. 7$
89.04
M arch______
85. 8$
April_______
89.21
M a y ........ .
June________ 90. 7‘
91.31
Ju ly ... . . .
91.31
August. ____
94. 8E
September__
89. 78
October_____

$2.18
2. 26
2.30
2.30
2.32
2.31
2. 31
2. 31
2.31
2.32
2. 34
2.34
2. 36
2.37
2. 39
s to k e r s

M e c h a n ic a l

n a ces a n d

m e n t

1956: Average........... $90.49
1957: Average_____ 89. 78
October_____ 90.46
November___ 88. 46
90.23
December___
1958: January_____ 89. 77
February____ 88. 86
89. 32
M arch______
90.48
A p r il........ .
91.34
M ay____
June________ 91.57
July________ 93.62
97.75
August___
September___ 100.28
97.69
October_____

42.5
41.1
40.6
40.1
40.6
39.6
38.9
39.1
39.1
39.2
39.7
39.3
39.5
39.8
39.8

$2. 35 $92. 65
2.39 92.89
2.40 93.38
2. 41 92. 23
2.41 94.19
2. 43 91.48
2.42 89.86
2.42 90.32
2. 42 90.32
2.43 90.94
2.43 92.90
2.44 91.96
2. 45 93. 22
2.47 94. 33
2.47 95.12

a n d

41.4 $2. 32 $82.60
2. 42 76.64
40.5
39.9
2.48 78.01
2.50 78.41
40.1
40.2
2. 49 79. 20
2.48 70. 56
40.0
40.3
2.51 67. 82
40.6
2. 52 70. 40
40.2
2.51 73. 09
40. C 2.5C 74.84
40.4
2.5c 79.60
2.54 77. 42
41.0
40.4
2. 56 77.40
81.41
2. 57
40.6
2. 58
82. 01
40.7

P e fr ig e r a to r s a n d
S e w in g

m a c h in e s

c o n d itio n in g

a ir -

u n its

41.3
39.3
39.8
39.6
39.8
36.0
34.6
36.1
37.1
37.8
39.6
39.1
38.7
40.5
40.2

$2.00
1.95
1.96
1.98
1.99
1.96
1.96
1.95
1.97
1.98
2.01
1.98
2.00
2. 01
2.04

Miscellaneous machinery p a rts8

m a c h in e s

41.5
41. Í
41.7
40.!
40.7
39.0
38.2
38.1
37.7
37.0
40.:
38.2
39.6
39.3
41.5

$1.96 $88.97
2.03 89. 20
2.10 88.09
2.11 93. 48
2.09 93. 2(
2.07 88.88
2.07 89. 27
2.11 89. 72
2.11 88. 59
86.0c
2.10
2.15 87.2'
2 3: 87. 0]
2.1$ 87.85
2.16 87.14
2.14 86.91

41.0
40.0
39.5
41. (
40.7
39.5
39.5
39.7
39.2
37.9
38.6
38.5
38.7
38.9

38.8

$2.17
2.23
2. 2c
2.28
2. 29
2. 25
2. 2C
2. 26
2.26
2.27
2.26
2. 26
2.27
2.24
2.24

$86. 22
87.64
89.93
86.94
88.82
91.60
87.17
90.52
86. 26
90.74
91.20
91.77
91.6'
93.32
86.91

40.1
39. c
39.1
38. c
39.:
40. (
38.4
39.7
38.0
39.8
40.0
39.!
39.5
40.4
37.3

$2.15 $89.87
2. 21 91.62
2.30 91.88
2. 27 91.37
2.26 92. 75
2. 2S 90.52
2. 27 90. 23
2.2$ 90. 85
2. 27 90.62
2.2$
91.01
92.34
2.2$
2. 36 91.6'
2. 3S 92. 7Í
2.31 94.47
2. 36 92.98

41.8
40.9
40.3
39.9
40.5
39.7
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.'
39.8
39.5
39.8
40.2
39.4

$2.15
2. 24
2.28
2. 29
2. 29
2. 28
2. 29
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.32
2. 32
2.33
2. 35
2. 36

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l.

99>

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry x-—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wklv. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Fabricated pipe, fit­
tings, and valves

1956: Average........... $88.99
1957: Average........... 91.13
October_____
91.54
November___ 92.63
December___
95.35
1958: January_____ 92. 57
February____ 90.94
M arch______
90. 55
April________ 90.48
May______ 89.63
June_______ „ 90. 39
July................. 91.87
August............ 92.04
September___ 93.30
October_____
94. 33

41.2
40.5
39.8
40.1
41.1
39.9
39.2
39.2
39.0
38.8
39.3
39.6
39.5
39.7
39.8

$2.16 $89.01
2.25 89.15
2.30 88. 76
2.31 87.94
2.32 88.08
2.32 87.62
2.32 87. 78
2.31 88.17
2.32 87.48
2.31 87.63
2.30 89.24
2.32 86.33
2.33 88.24
2. 35 92.90
2.37 89.17

Carbon and graphite
products (electrical)
1956: Average_____ $84. 46
1957: Average_____ 84.80
October_____
82.68
November___ 84. 71
December....... 82.47
1958: January........... 83. 50
February......... 82.60
M arch............. 82.35
April________ 82.60
M ay........... . . . 84.20
June________ 85.63
July................. 85. 41
August............ 86.29
September___ 86.11
October........... 87.60

39.9
39.2
39.5
39.4
39.0
38.0
38.2
38.1
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
38.7
39.6
40.2

Radio tubes
1956: Average_____ $67.25
1957: Average........... 70. 23
October_____
71. 8C
November___ 69.93
71.24
December___
1958: January_____ 71.61
February____ 71.43
71.06
March______
72.96
April_______
M ay________ 72.94
June________ 74. 86
July............... . 72. 77
74.30
August_____
September__
76. 81
October........ . 77. 21


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.15 $90.31
2.24 92.96
2.27 93.30
2.29 92.11
2.27 93.02
2.27 91.03
2.28 90. 74
2.29 91.60
2.29 92.23
2.30 92.86
2.30 94. 54
2. 29 93.03
2.31 94. 54
2. 34 95.65
2.31 93.22

40.9
40.2
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.3
39.0
39.2
38.9
39.1
39.8
39.7
39.4
40.5
39.7

$1.96 $90.86
2.03 93.79
2.05 97.03
2.06 96. 56
2.06 96.63
2.06 93.06
2.08 94. 09
2.10 93. 85
2.11 92. 04
2.13 94.01
2.15 94.88
2.16 95. 28
2.11 96.00
2.15 97. 77
2.16 99. 06

Insulated wire and
cable
$2.02 $84. 71
2.12 85.08
2.12 84.26
2.13 84.04
2.17 83.23
2.20 81.80
2.21 81.60
2.19 82.42
2.17 82.42
2.20 81.80
2.18 87.36
2.19 88.18
2.18 84.24
2. 20 88.20
2. 20 87. 99

43.0
41.5
41.1
40.6
40.8
39.9
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.1
41.8
42.6
40.5
42.0
42.1

42.2
41.5
41.1
40.4
40.8
40.1
39.8
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.7
39.5

42.9
41.4
39.7
40.6
40.5
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.5
39.6
38.8
40.2
40.2
40.6

41.3
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.6
39.6
39.7
39.6
39.0
39.5
39.7
39.7
40.0
40.4
40.6

40.2
39.2
39.0
38.8
38.8
38.4
38.0
37.8
37.4
37.3
39.0
38.6
38.7
40.6
33.6

40.8
40.1
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.3
39.7
40.4
39.9

42.2
40.6
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.6
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.5
40.3
39.8

40.8
39.7
39.6
39.5
38.8
39.1
38.8
38.6
39.0
38.7
38.6
38.7
39.1
39.3
40.1

40.8 $1.92 $87.12
40.4
2. 02 90.09
40.4
2.06 94.35
40.4
2.05 91.03
40. C 2.07 89. 41
39. £ 2.07 88.52
39.4
2.08 87. 45
39.6
2.01 89. 86
39.8
2.0£ 89.32
39.5
2.01 90.01
40. (
2.08 92.4(
39.1
2.11 92.17
39.8
2.09 93. 26
40.1
2.10 97.76
40.7
2.07 94.16

40.9 $2.13
40.4
2.23
41.2
2.29
40.1
2.27
39.4
2.27
39. C 2.27
38.2
2.29
38.1
2.31
38.5
2.32
39. (
2.31
40. (
2.31
39.1
2.31
2.32
40.2
41.6
2.35
2. 28
41.3

42.0
41.2
40.4
40.1
41.0
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.4
39.4
39.8
39.6
39.7
40.0
39.9

40.4
39.8
39.0
39.0
39.2
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.8
39.2
39.9
40.5
40.2

$1.87
1.94
1.97
1.99
1.99
1.98
1.98
2.00
1.99
2. 00
2.02
2.03
2.02
2.02
2.05

44.4
41.5
40.5
39.8
39.9
39.7
38.1
37.6
37.9
38.1
38.4
38.2
40.1
40.4
39.3

$2.29
2.32
2.33
2.33
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.32
2.26
2.28
2.28

Radios, phonographs,
television sets, and
equipment

$1.88 $72. 98
1. 97 75. 83
1.97 74. 30
1.99 75. 08
2.01 76. 64
2.04 77. 40
2.05 78.. 98
2. 05 79.39
2. 07 79. 78
2.06 79.98
2.07 81.60
2.06 80.39
2.07 81.40
2. 08 83.64
2. 08 82. 01

39.8 $1.62
40. C 1.70
39.2
1.73
39.1
1. 73
1.72
39.1
1.73
39.9
39.1
1.75
1.75
39.7
1. 76
39.8
39.7
1.78
40.1
1. 77
40.2
1.82
39.9
1.76
40.8
1.77
41.3
1.77

40.7
39.6
38.8
39.3
39.3
39.0
38.4
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.7
38.6
39.2
39.4
40.0

Electrical welding
apparatus

$2.15 $101. 68
2.26 96.28
2.29 94. 37
2.32 92.73
2.35 92.17
2.33 91.71
2.31 88.01
2. 33 86.48
2.32 87. 55
2.32 88.39
2.33 89. 47
2. 33 88.62
2. 32 90.63
2.33 92.11
2.36 89.60

Primary batteries
(dry and wet)
$64. 48
68.00
67.82
67.64
68. 63
69.02
69. 8S
69.48
70.05
70. 67
70.98
73.16
70. 22
72. 22
73.10

Wiring devices
and supplies

$2.10 $76.11
2.19 76.82
2.23 76.44
2.24 78.21
2.25 78.21
2.23 77.22
2.23 76.03
2. 25 77.80
2.24 77.41
2.25 78.00
2.26 78.17
2.26 78.36
2. 25 79.18
2.26 79. 59
2.28 82. 00

Communication
equipm ent*

$1.84 $75.95
1.93 78.41
1.98 76. 83
2.00 77. 61
1.99 78. 79
2.01 79.15
2.00 79.95
2.01 80.16
2.01 80.94
2.01 80.96
2.04 82.39
2.05 80. 75
2. 05 82. 59
2. 07 84. 24
2.12 83.62

Storage batteries

41.5
40.5
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.1
39.3
39.5
39.4
39.7
40.1
40.1

Switchgear, switch­
board, and indus­
trial controls

$2.20 $90.30
2.30 93.11
2.31 92.52
2. 32 93.03
2.33 96.35
2.29 92. 73
2.32 91.94
2.33 92. 50
2.33 91.41
2.33 91.41
2.33 92.73
2. 31 92.27
2. 32 92.10
2. 35 93.20
2. 35 94.16

Electric lamps

$2.10 $75.07
2.19 76.62
2.22 78.41
2.23 79.00
2.23 77.21
2.24 78. 59
2.25 77.60
2.28 77.59
2.26 78.39
2.27 77.79
2.29 78.74
2.31 79.34
2.29 80.16
2. 32 81.35
2.19 85.01

Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and
industrial appara­
tus 1

$1.98 $87.15
2.07 88.70
2.08 89.20
2.10 89.60
2.11 90.45
2.12 88.09
2.13 87.64
2.14 88.65
2.14 87. 58
2.14 88.43
2.15 89.27
2.15 89.04
2.14 89.33
2.16 90.63
2.15 91.43

Power and distribu­
tion transformers

$2. 20 $92.84
2.31 93.38
2.39 91.25
2.39 92.34
2.38 92. 50
2.35 90.46
2.37 91.87
2.37 92.97
2.36 92. 50
2.38 92.73
2.39 92. 50
2. 40 91.94
2. 40 91.64
2. 42 94.71
2. 44 93.53

Miscellaneous
electrical
products 1

$2.22 $78.34
2.28 81.61
2.27 83.22
2.30 82.82
2.29 82. 8C
2.33 82. 51
2. 33 81.95
2.33 82. 76
2.35 83.18
2.36 82. 56
2.35 83.2(
2.34 84.11
2.36 83.18
2.36 85.89
2.36 84.25

Total: Electrical
machinery

$2.14 $80. 78
2.24 83.01
2.27 81.95
2. 28 82.95
2.28 83. 56
2.27 82.89
2.28 83.07
2.29 83. 67
2.30 83.46
2.31 83. 67
2.34 85.14
2.32 84. 50
2. 34 84. 96
2.35 87. 26
2. 36 85.79

Electrical equipment
for vehicles

$1.97 $84.42
2.05 85.85
2.05 86. 58
2.07 86. 52
2.04 86. 52
2.05 86.02
2.04 85. 50
2.04 86.18
2.04 84. 52
2.04 84.67
2.09 89.31
2.07 89.17
2. 08 88. 62
2.10 94.19
2. 09 73.58

Telephone, telegraph,
and related equip­
ment

39.1 $1.72 $95.24
38.8
1. 81 94.39
1.86 90.12
38.6
1.85 93.38
37.8
1.86 92. 75
38.3
38.5
1.86 92.27
38.2
1.87 92.04
38. C 1.87 91.8C
1.9C 92. 5£
38.4
1.88 93.22
38.8
39.4
1.9C 93.06
1.91 90. 79
38.1
1.91 94.87
38.9
39.8
1.93 94. 87
1.94 95.82
39.8

See footnotes at end of table.

41.4
39.8
39.1
38.4
38.8
38.6
38.5
38.5
38.2
38.1
38.8
37.7
38.2
39.7
38.6

Machine shops (Job
and repair)

Electrical indicating, Motors, generators,
measuring, and re­
and motor-genera­
cording instruments
tor sets

41.2 $2.05 $80.16
40.0
2.12 81.61
38. L 2.17 82.00
39.4
2.15 83.02
38.9
2.12 81.58
39.2
2.13 80. 96
38.6
2.14 81.12
38.3
2.15 82.32
38.6
2.14 82.08
38.8
2.17 83.28
39.1
2.19 85. 57
39.0
2.19 85. 75
39.4
2.19 83.13
39.5
2.18 87. 08
2.19 85. 75
40.0

Electrical
appliances
1956: Average_____ $80.60
83.10
1957: Average....... .
October........... 83.74
November___ 83.92
84.63
December___
1958: January_____ 83.60
February____ 84.42
M arch______
83. 44
81.81
April_______
M ay________ 82.28
June________ 82. 40
July................. 83.00
August______ 84.37
September___ 87.12
October_____ 88.44

Ball and roller
bearings

Electrical machinery

40.1
39.7
38,9
38.9
39.1
38.7
39.1
39.3
39.3
39.4
40.0
39.6
40.1
40.8
40.2

$1.82
1.91
1.91
1.93
1.96
2.00
2.02
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.03
2. 03
2. 05
2. 04

X-ray and nonradio
electronic tubes
$87. 53
89.47
90.97
92.11
91.76
91.71
90. 57
91.60
91.66
92. 40
93.32
94. 47
93. 26
94. 47
93. 77

40.9
40.3
39.9
40.4
40.6
40.4
39.9
40. t
40.2
40.0
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.4

$2.14
2.22
2.28
2.28
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.29
2.28
2.31
2.31
2. 35
2.32
2. 35
2. 38

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

100
T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

M anufacturé g—C on t inued

Year and month

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Total Transportation equipment
1956: Average...........
1957: Average..........
October...........
N ovember___
December----1958: January...........
February........
M arch______
April-----------M ay________
June________
July— .............
August ----September----October......... -

40.9
40.4
39.5
40.6
40.2
38.8
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.6
39.4

$94.48
97.36
97. 57
101. 50
99.70
95.45
94.96
97.32
97.07
98.85
99.50
100.19
102. 00
100. 98
100. 47

$2.31 $94. 71
2.41 98.40
2. 47 99.18
2.50 107. 68
2.48 100.65
2. 46 92. 50
2.46 92.50
2. 47 95. 75
2. 47 96.00
2.49 97. 64
2.50 98.14
2.53 97.39
2. 55 99.82
2. 55 98. 43
2. 55 96. 38

$94.89
95.65
95.20
95.52
97.53
98.49
97.53
98.42
97.69
101.09
102.06
102. 91
104.34
103. 57
103. 57

40.3
40.0
39.2
41.9
40.1
37.3
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.9
39.1
38.8
39.3
38.6
38.4

$2.35
2. 46
2.53
2. 57
2.51
2. 48
2.48
2.50
2. 50
2. 51
2.51
2.51
2. 54
2. 55
2.51

Aircraft engines
and parts

Aircraft

1956: Average.........
1957: Average-------October-------November___
December----1958: January-------February........
March______
April—.........—
M ay________
June________
July________
August--------September----October_____

Motor vehicles and
equipm ent2

41.8 $2.27 $96.90
40.7
2.35 98.23
2.38 96. 78
40.0
2.40 97.17
39.8
40.3
2.42 100. 65
40.7
2. 42 99.00
2.42 99.75
40.3
40. 5 2. 43 100.90
40.2
2.43 100.40
40.6
2. 49 100. 55
2.52 103.38
40. 5
40.2
2. 56 103. 79
40.6
2. 57 102 47
2. 57 105. 83
40.3
2. 57 99. 07
40.3

42. 5
41.1
39.5
39.5
40.1
39.6
39.9
40.2
40.0
39.9
40.7
40.7
40.5
41.5
38.7

$2.28
2.39
2. 45
2. 46
2. 51
2. 50
2.50
2.51
2. 51
2.52
2.54
2. 55
2. 53
2. 55
2.56

Motor vehicles, bodies.
parts, and accessories
$95.91
99.85
100. 74
110.14
102.11
93.37
93.37
97.28
97. 54
98.94
99. 20
98. 82
101.66
99. 58
97. 66

40.3 $2.38 $81. 61
40. 1 2. 49 84. 56
39.2
2. 57 82.94
42.2
2.61 83.81
40.2
2. 54 86. 33
37.2
2. 51 86.80
37.2
2. 51 85.02
2. 54 86.11
38.3
38.4
2. 54 85.02
38.8
2. 55 86.94
38.9
2.55 87. 20
2. 56 87. 60
38.6
39.1
2.60 89.20
38.3
2. 60 88. 03
2.
57 84. 92
38.0

Aircraft propellers
and parts
$96.93
97. 76
98. 77
98. 77
101.76
97. 58
98.36
94. 71
95.99
94. 71
95.11
93. 77
92. 83
96. 46
97.10

Truck and bus
bodies

42.7
41.6
41.5
41.5
42.4
41.0
41.5
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.3
39.9
39.5
40.7
40.8

$2.27
2.35
2.38
2.38
2. 40
2.38
2. 37
2.35
2.37
2.35
2.36
2.35
2.35
2. 37
2. 38

40.4
39.7
38.4
38.8
39.6
40.0
39.0
39.5
39.0
39.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.3
38.6

$2.02 $82. 59
2.13 81.35
2.16 85.68
2.16 76. 84
2.18 81.09
2.17 78.17
2.18 77. 54
2.18 80. 60
2.18 79.80
2. IS 83.79
2.18 87.13
2.19 85. 47
2.23 85.28
2. 24 87. 57
2. 20 88. 41

Other aircraft parts
and equipment
$98.01
99.78
97. 75
98.09
100.67
100. 43
99.63
100. 53
100.28
100.28
102. 59
103.16
105. 84
105. 75
107.10

42.8
42.1
40.9
40.7
41.6
41.5
41.0
41.2
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.1
42.0
41.8
42.0

Trailers (truck and
automobile)

$2.29
2.37
2. 39
2.41
2.42
2.42
2.43
2. 44
2. 44
2.44
2.49
2. 51
2. 52
2. 53
2. 55

39.9
39.3
40.8
37.3
38.8
37.4
37.1
38.2
38.0
39.9
41.1
40.7
41.0
41.7
41.9

$2.07
2.07
2.10
2.06
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.12
2.10
2. 08
2. 10
2.11

Ship and boat building and repairing3
$89.33
94.88
95.31
90.15
94. 77
94.14
91.85
96.78
95. 80
97. 51
96.78
99. 65
100.98
100. 35
103. 34

39.7
39.7
38.9
37.1
39.0
38.9
37.8
39.5
39.1
39.8
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.9

$2.25
2.39
2. 45
2.43
2. 43
2. 42
2. 43
2.45
2. 45
2.45
2.45
2. 51
2. 55
2.56
2.59

Transportation equipment—Continued

Boatbuilding and
repairing
1956: Average.......... $73. 57
1957: Average.......... 77. 78
O ctober... —. 77.41
November___ 75.25
December----- 77.22
1958: January.......... 76.83
February___
74.50
79.39
M arch______
April............... 78.20
M a y ............... 80. 56
June________ 78. 98
76. 43
July...............
August--------- 77. 79
September----- 79. 60
October____
78.80

40.2
40.3
38.9
38.2
39.2
39.2
38.4
40.3
39.9
41.1
40.5
38.6
38.7
39.8
39.4

$1.83
1.93
1.99
1.97
1.97
1.96
1.94
1.97
1.96
1.96
1.95
1.98
2.01
2.00
2. 00

Laboratory, seientifie, and engineering
instruments
$94.95
97.17
95.68
98.25
100.25
100.45
96. 56
99.05
102.18
100.35
103.48
.Tilly
101. 40
August_____ 104.70
September___ 107. 74
October_____ 105. 73

1956: Average...........
1957: Average_____
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January-------February____
M arch______
April_______
M ay________
June________

$94. 56
100.80
99.72
102. 56
104. 67
101.92
100.10
102.96
100.81
99.64
98.21
98.05
97.94
97. 99
96. 56

Locomotives and
parts

39.9 $2.37 $99.41
2.52 102.41
40.0
2. 57 102.94
38.8
2.59 100. 73
39.6
39.8
2.63 103. 48
39.2
2.60 100.10
38.5
2.60 98.81
39.0
2. 64 102.96
37.9
2.66 102. 44
37.6
2. 65 101.53
37.2
2.64 104. 41
37. C 2. 65 107.07
2. 64 102.97
37.1
36.7
2.67 104. 28
2. 72 102. 27
35.5

Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments

42.2 $2.25 $83.64
41. C 2.37 86.27
2.41 86.65
39.7
2.42 86.0(
40.6
41.1
2. 44 85. 57
2.45 84.9c
41.0
39. !
2.42 84.50
40.1
2. 47 84.8!
41.2
2.48 84. 46
2.4Í 84.80
40. i
40.9
2.53 86.51
40. 4 2.51 86.24
40.9
2. 56 86.90
41.6
2.5! 88.18
2. 561 87.34
41.3

See footnotes at end of table,


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Railroad equipm ent2

42.3
40.8
39.9
39.5
39.8
39.1
38.3
39.6
39.4
38.9
39.7
40.1
39.3
39.5
37.6

$2.35
2.51
2.58
2.55
2.60
2. 56
2. 58
2.60
2.60
2. 61
2.63
2. 67
2.62
2. 64
2. 72

Optical instruments
and lenses

41.0 $2.04 $83.03
40.5
2.1c 85.22
2.15 86.0(
40. c
40. C 2.15 85.6c
39.8
2. 15 84.77
39.5
2.15 82.86
39. Í
2.15 82.82
39. Í
2. 16 84.32
39. 1 2.16 85. 36
38.!
2. U 84.02
2.19 85.85
39.5
39.2
2.20 91.43
2. 2( 91.24
39.5
2.2] 93. 5(
39. !
2. 20 93. 95
39.7

Other transportation
equipment

38.9 $2.37 $77. 59
2.52 79. 59
39.6
38.3
2. 57 81.18
39.6
2.61 77.29
39.8
2.64 77. 46
2.62 81.12
39.3
2.61 82.56
38.6
2.66 82.58
38.8
37.3
2.68 82.56
37.1
2.67 81.48
35.9
2.64 82.39
2.64 78.83
35.6
36. C 2.65 83.35
35.2
2.69 85.03
2. 72 85.24
34.8

Surgical, medical,
and dental instruments

40.5 $2.05 $71. 51
40.2
2.12 74.37
40. C 2.15 76.17
40.2
2.1Í 75.05
39.8
2. If 75.81
38.!
2.1Í 75.4c
2.14 74.28
38.7
39.4
2. 14 74.87
39.7
2.15 75.25
38.!
2.16 75.46
39.2
2.19 78.78
41.0
2.23 78.00
41.1
2. 22 79.39
42.5
2.2C 80.9!
42. 9 2.1! 81. or

$95.99
96.76
96. 24
96.16
99.06
98. 66
98.58
99.06
98.33
100. 44
102.16
102. 62
104.04
104.04
103.17

42.1
41.0
40.1
39.9
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.6
40.3
40.5
40.7
40.4
40.8
40.8
40.3

$2.28
2. 36
2. 40
2.41
2. 44
2. 43
2. 44
2. 44
2.44
2. 48
2.51
2. 54
2. 55
2.55
2. 56

Shipbuilding and
repairing
$92.27
97.81
97.64
92.25
97. 50
97.00
94. 75
99. 43
98.67
100.19
99.43
102.68
104.01
102. 83
106. 53

39.6
39.6
38.9
36.9
39.0
38.8
37.6
39.3
39.0
39.6
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.1
39.9

$2. 33
2. 47
2. 51
2.50
2.50
2. 50
2. 52
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.58
2.62
2.63
2. 67

Instruments and
related products

Bailroad and street
cars
$92.19
99.79
98.43
103.36
105.07
102.97
100. 75
103.21
99.96
99.06
94.78
93.98
95. 40
94.69
94.66

Aircraft and parts*

40.4
40.2
40. c
39.5
39.9
39.7
39. c
39.2
39.4
39. c
40.4
40.0
40.3
40.7
40.5

40.2 $1.93 $82.01
39.4
2.02 85.03
39.6
2. 05 84.99
37.7
2.05 85.20
37.6
2.06 85.17
2.08 85.14
39.0
39.5
2.09 84. 50
39.7
2.08 85. 50
39.5
2.09 85.72
38.8
2.10 85. 46
39.8
2.07 87.16
37.9
2.08 87.34
39.5
2.11 87. 96
40. 3 2.11 89. 47
2.11 89.28
40.4

Ophthalmic goods4

$1. 77 $64.64
1.85 67.26
1.8! 67.49
1.9C 65.63
1.9( 64.3C
1.9C 69.16
1.89 69.91
1.91 70.10
1.91 69. 55
1.92 70.47
1.95 70. 86
1.95 70.68
1.97 69. 55
1.99 73. 3(
2. 00 73.84

Total: Instruments
and related products
40.8 $2.01
2.11
40.3
39.9
2.13
40.0
2.13
39.8
2.14
2.15
39.6
2.15
39.3
39.4
2.17
2.17
39.5
2.18
39.2
39.8
2.19
39.7
2.20
39.8
2.21
40. 3 2. 22
2. 21
40.4

Photographic apparatus

40.4 $1.60 $91. 46
39.8
1.69 94.6C
39.7
1.70 95.76
39.3
1.67 97.2C
1.71 96. 96
37.6
38. C 1.82 96.08
38.2
1.83 96. Of
38.1
1.84 96.4C
37.8
1.84 96. 4C
38.3
1.84 96.4C
38.3
1.85 97.36
38.0
1.86 98.17
37.8
1.84 97.20
39.2
1.87 97. A
39. 7 1.86 1 97.69

41.2 $2.22
40.6
2.33
39. !
2.40
40.5
2.40
40.4
2.40
2.39
40.2
40. C 2.40
2.41
40. f
40. (
2. 41
2. 41
40.0
40.4
2.41
40.4
2. 43
2.43
40.0
2.43
40.1
40. 2 2. 43

101

C.—EARNING S AND HOURS

T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
brly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
brly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ horns
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings hours
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

M anufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Durable goods—Continued
Instruments and
related products—
Continued
Watches and clocks

Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries

Jewelry, silverware,
and plated w are2

Jewelry and
findings

Silverware and
plated ware

Musical instruments
and parts

41.3 $1.95
$70. 77 39.1 $1.81 $70. 53 40.3 $1.75 $73.81
41.6 $1. 66 $83.38
41.9 $1.99 $80. 54
41.7 $1.77 $69. 08
40.5
2.05
39.0
1.81 74. 07
41.2
2.04 83.03
1.85 72.22
39.9
1.82 70. 07
1.73 84.05
72.15
40.7
40.5
1.74 88.41
2.08
73.10
39.3
1.86 72. 22 39.9
1.81 75. 81
41.2
1.84 70. 99
40.8
42.3
2.09 85. 70 41.2
1.82 75. 67 40.9
1.76 86.94
42.0
2.07 84.87
41.0
2.07
73. 66 39.6
1.86 72. 25 39.7
1.85 71.28
40.5
2. 06
2. 05 84.40
72.18
38.6
1.87 72.47
39.6
1.83 76.41
41.3
1.85 73. 63 41.6
1.77 83.64
40.8
41.0
.T a n n ery
1.86 72. 52 39.2
2.02 80. 13 38.9
2.06
70. 87 38.1
1.85 72. 65 39.7
1.83 70. 05 39.8
1.76 79. 59 39.4
2.04 79. 95 39.0
2.05
38.5
39.0
1.84 73. 05 39.7
1.84 70.40
40.0
1.76 79.76
39.1
1.87 71.76
February____ 72.00
40.0
72. 76 38.7
1.88 72.13
39.2
1.84 72. 86 39.6
39.6
2. 05 82.40
2.06
1.84 69. 70 39.6
1.76 81.18
M arch______
38.8
2.07
73.32
39.0
1.88 72.15
39.0
1.85 73.28
39.4
1.78 81.35
39.3
2.07 80. 32
39. 4
1.86 70.13
April_______
M ay
1.84 74.26
38.4
1.88 71. 94
39.1
39. 5
39.4
2.08
71.63
38.1
1.88 70. 71
39.5
1.79 81.95
2.08 79.87
1.85 74. 74 40.4
39.4
2.06 8C.47
38. 5 2.09
71.82
38. 2
1.88 73.08
39.5
1.85 72. 22 40.8
1.77 81.16
June
T illy
1.84 72.83 39.8
39.2
74. 47 39. 4
1.89 72.13
1.83 70.00
40.0
1. 75 80. 57 39.3
2.05 81.48
38.8
2.10
1.84 74. 34 40.4
1.84 71.28
2.10 85. 65 40.4
2 .1 2
38.9
1.89 72. 68 39.5
40.5
1.76 83. 79 39.9
August__ ___ 73.52
2.13 87.33
2.13
1.85 76. 67 41.0
40.7
1.77 88. 82 41.7
41.0
September__
75. 24 39.6
1.90 74.19
40.1
1. 87 72.04
41.4
40.2
2.15
40.2
1.89 74. 37
1.85 80. 33 42.5
42.4
1. 79 91.81
42.7
2.15 89. 01
October_____
75.98
1.89 75.90
Fabricated plastics
Sporting and athletic Pens, pencils, other
Costume jewelry,
Toys and sporting
Games, toys. dolls,
products
and children’s vehicles
buttons, notions
goods 2 8
goods 8
office supplies

1956: Average_____
1957: A v e ra g e

O c to b e r,.___
November___
December___

1958:

$62. 56 39.1 $1.60 $61.85
1.68 63. 80
65. 69 39.1
1.66 64. 31
65.90
39.7
39.2
1.68 65. 01
65. 86
38.3
1.70 62. 42
65.11
38.2
1.74 64. 81
66. 47
66. 68
38. 1 1.75 65.02
1.74 65.84
38.7
67. 34
66.09
38.2
1.73 64.05
38.9
1.70 64. 74
66.13
66. 86 39.1
1.71 64. 74
T iilv
1. 71 64.24
66. 35 38.8
1.71 63. 86
August______ 66. 52 38.9
1.71 64.68
September___ 67. 37 39.4
1.71 66. 30
O cto b er.___
67. 89 39.7
Durable goods—
Continued

1956: A v e ra g e .

1957: Average_____
October _ _ ,
November___
December___
1958: January____
P'ebruary____
M arch______
April______
M av________
June

38.9
38.9
39.7
39. 4
37.6
37.9
37.8
38.5
37.9
39.0
39.0
38.7
38.7
39.2
39.7

$1. 59 $63. 83
1.64 69. 70
1.62 69.65
1.65 68. 29
1.66 69. 74
1.71 68. 89
1.72 69.30
1.71 70. 20
1.69 69. 48
1. 66 69. 45
1.66 70. 95
1.66 71.55
1.65 72. 68
1.65 73.60
1.67 71.86

39.4
39.6
39.8
38.8
39.4
38.7
38.5
39.0
38. 6
38.8
39.2
39.1
39.5
40.0
39.7

1956: Average_____
1957: A v e ra g e

October. _ _
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
M arch______
April_______
M av________
June________
July________
August______
September___
October_____

41.1
40.3
39.7
40.7
39.1
39.9
39.2
39.8
39.9
39.8
39.5
38.1
39.3
39.9
39.5

Total: Food and
kindred products

44.0 $1.73 $77. 65
42. 7
1.85 81.90
1.87 82. 59
41.5
41.1
1.89 81.39
1.92 82. 67
41.5
1.94 83. 38
41.3
1.93 83.60
41.2
1.96 83. 00
40.9
1.97 84.62
41.0
41. 5
1.97 84. 84
1.99 86. 48
42.5
2.01 89.86
42.3
2.00
89. 03
41.5
2.03 89. 89
41.6
2. 01 88. 20
40.5

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

39.2
39.2
39.5
39.2
38.9
38.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4
38.9
38.3
38.7
39.4
39.1

$1.59 $75.35
1.66 78. 31
1.69 78. 53
1.72 76. 97
1.66 78. 74
1.66 76. 80
1.64 7.5. 65
1.65 75. 84
1.69 78.04
1.68 76.81
1.68 79.37
1.69 78. 98
1.68 79. 77
1.68 82. 74
1.69 81.34

41.4
41.0
40.9
40.3
40.8
40.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.8
40.7
40.5
40.7
42.0
41.5

$1.82
1.91
1.92
1.91
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.95
1. 95
1.96
1. 97
1.96

Food and kindred products
M eat products *

Meatpacking, wholesale

42.2
40.2 $1.85 $75. 03
41.0 $1.83 $84.03 41.6 $2.02 $92.00
$74. 37
41.2
1.88 78.17
1.93 87.08
40.5
2.15 96.41
74.64
39.7
40.5
1.94 89.13
41.2
40.2
40.7
2.19 99. 29
1.87 77. 99
73. 30 39.2
41.1
2.21 101.82
40.4
1.96 90. 83
41.9
1.87 79.18
73. 12 39.1
2. 20 99.12
41.3
1.97 89.32
40.6
39.4
1.90 80.18
40.7
74.86
2. 24 99.39
40. 1 2.01 89.15
39.8
40.9
76. 83 39.4
1. 95 80.60
1.94 79.80
2.01 86.30
38.7
2. 23 95. 83 39.6
39.7
75. 85
39.1
2.01 86. 75 38.9
2. 23 96. 80 40.0
1.93 79. 60 39.6
75. 85 39.3
2. 22 95.83
39.6
1.92 79. 80
2. 01 87. 25 39.3
39.7
75. 07 39.1
40.2
2.22 97.93
40.3
39.0
2.01 88.36
39.8
75. 27
1.93 80.80
2. 23 100.45
40.7
2.01 90.54
40.6
41.0
1.93 81.81
75. 85 39.3
1. 99 91.58
40.7
41.0
41.2
2. 25 101.68
75. 46 39. 1 1. 93 81.99
41.4
40.3
2.23 100.28
40.6
1.93 81. 56
1.97 89. 87
39.1
75. 46
1.99 93.94
41. 2: 2. 28 106. 08 41.6
1.93 82. 78 41.6
76. 24 39.5
2.28 104. 55
1.92 81.81
40.7
2.01 92. 80 40.7
41.0
39.6
76.03
Canning and
Seafood, canned
Condensed and
Ice cream and ices
cured
preserving2
evaporated milk

1956: Average_____ $76.12
1957: Average_____ 79.00
O ctober____
77. 61
November___ 77. 68
79. 68
December___
1958: January_____ 80.12
February____ 79. 52
80. 16
March_____
April__
80. 77
M ay________ 81. 76
June________ 84. 58
J u ly ................ 85.02
August______ 83. 00
September___ 84. 45
October_____ 81.41

$1.62 $62.33
1.67 65.07
1.69 66. 76
1.70 67. 42
1.69 64. 57
1.69 63.74
1.69 63.14
1.73 63.36
1.73 64. 73
1. 75 64. 51
1.74 65. 35
1.69 64. 73
1.69 65.02
1.69 66.19
1.69 66.08

Nondurable goods

Miscellaneous manufactoring industries—
Continued
Other manufacturing
industries

$1.62 $66. 58
1.76 67. 30
1.75 67.09
1.76 69.19
1.77 66.08
1.78 67.43
1.80 66. 25
1.80 68. 85
1.80 69.03
1.79 69. 65
1.81 68.73
1.83 64.39
1.84 66.42
1.84 67. 43
1.81 66. 76

42.2
42.0
41.5
40.9
41.7
41.9
41.8
41.5
42.1
42.0
42.6
43.2
42.6
42.4
42.0

$1.84
1.95
1.99
1.99
1.98
1.99
2.00
2. 00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2. 08
2. 09
2.12
2. 10

$62.02
63. 57
62. 65
60.64
63.84
64. 98
63.41
62.87
64. 70
65.62
63. 58
64.31
69.47
71.06
66. 36

39.5
39.0
38.2
37.2
38.0
38.0
37.3
37.2
37.4
38. 0
38.3
40.7
42.1
42.3
39.5

$1.57 $50. 66
1.63 51.88
1.64 50.66
1.63 47.08
1.68 50. 45
1.71 54. 48
1.70 50. 45
1.69 52.87
1.73 56.92
1.70 55.94
1. 66 51.10
1.58 58. 27
1. 65 59. 47
1.68 55.17
1.68 59. 62

30.7
30.7
29.8
26.6
28.5
30.1
28.5
29.7
31.8
30.4
29.2
35.1
33.6
29.5
32.4

Sausages and casings

Dairy products 2

41.5 $2.05 $74.65
42.9 $1.74
$2.18 $85.08
1.84
42.3
2. 34 88. 51
40. 6 2.18 77.83
2. 24 77. 38
41.6
1.8 6
40.5
2.41 90. 72
41.4
1.87
2. 26 77.42
41.1
2.43 92.89
2. 26 78. 96
1.8 8
42.0
2. 40 91.98
40.7
42.1
2. 27 80.41
40.3
1.91
2. 43 91.48
41.8
1.90
39.7
2.27 79.42
2. 42 90.12
2. 26 78. 47 41.3
1.90
2. 42 89. 72 39.7
2. 27 80.06
1.92
39.7
41.7
2. 42 90.12
1.92
40. 9 2.28 80. 64
42.0
2. 43 93. 25
1.94
2. 29 83.03
42.8
2. 45 94. 58
41.3
43. 0
1.97
42.2
2. 30 84. 71
2. 48 97.06
2.29 83. 73
42.5
1.97
41.4
2.47 94.81
1.99
2.
35
84.18
42.3
2.55 95. 88 40.8
1.99
40.2
2. 36 83.18
41.8
2.55 94. 87
Canned fruits, vege­ Grain-mill products2
and
tables, and soups
$1.65 $66.14
1.69 66. 83
1.70 65. 90
1.77 63.73
1.77 67. 37
1.81 68. 29
1.77 66. 33
1.78 64. 70
1.79 09. 12
1.84 69. 34
1.75 66. 22
1.66 67.20
1.77 72. 67
1.87 75. 82
1.84 69. 46

41.6 $1.59 $80. 97
40.5
1.65 85. 50
1.66 88. 24
39.7
1.63 85. 85
39.1
39.4
1.71 87. 67
38.8
1.76 88.51
1.75 88. 54
37.9
37.4
1.73 87.70
38.4
1.80 87.49
39.4
1.76 86.88
1.72 89.73
38.5
1.57 90. 98
42.8
1.69 90.37
43.0
44.6
1.70 92. 53
41. 1 1.69 91.49

43.3 $1.87
1.97
43.4
2.01
43.9
2. 02
42.5
43.4
2. 02
43. 6
2.03
43.4
2.04
43.2
2.03
43.1
2.03
2. 03
42.8
44.2
2.03
44.6
2.04
2. 04
44.3
2.07
44-7
44. 2 2.07

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

102

T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

Y e a r a n d m o n th

A vg
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
earn­
in g s

A vg.
w k ly .
hours

A vg.
h r ly .
earn­
in g s

M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n t in u e d
N o n d u r a b le g o o d s— C o n tin u e d
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts — C o n tin u e d
F l o u r a n d o th e r g r a in -

B ak ery p ro d u c ts3

P re p a re d fee d s

m ill p r o d u c ts

1956: A v e r a g e ............... $ 8 4 .7 3
88. 88
1957: A v e r a g e .............
9 0 .6 4
O c t o b e r _______
8 9 .6 3
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
91. 26
9 2 .1 2
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ............
90. 00
M a r c h ................ ..
9 0 .6 4
89. 38
A p r i l ___________
88. 56
M a y .......................
92. 98
J u n e ___________
J u l y ........................
9 4 .2 6
9 3 .8 7
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
9 8 .9 3
9 7 .4 0
O c t o b e r ________

4 3 .9
4 4 .0
4 4 .0
4 3 .3
4 4 .3
4 4 .5
4 3 .9
4 4 .0
4 3 .6
4 3 .2
4 4 .7
4 5 .1
4 4 .7
4 5 .8
4 5 .3

$ 1 .9 3 $ 7 6 .6 5
2 .0 2
80. 59
82. 21
2 .0 6
2 .0 7
8 0 .3 3
8 2 .8 4
2 .0 6
8 4 .4 2
2 .0 7
82. 32
2 .0 5
82. 27
2. 06
8 4 .2 9
2 .0 5
8 1 .4 6
2 .0 5
8 3 .4 0
2 .0 8
86. 56
2 .0 9
83. 51
2 .1 0
8 4 .5 2
2 .1 6
8 4 .7 4
2 .1 5

C a n e -s u g a r r e fin in g

1956: A v e r a g e ...............
1957: A v e r a g e .............O c t o b e r ............. N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________
M a y ___________
J u n e .......................
J u l y ____________
A u gu st
_____
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ________

$87. 36
9 2 .6 0
9 3 .9 1
9 1 .8 4
94. 33
9 3 .6 0
89. 60
9 0 .9 7
97. 76
9 1 .5 4
97. 90
104. 31
104. 48
105. 56
1 0 1 .1 5

4 2 .0
4 1 .9
4 2 .3
4 1 .0
4 2 .3
4 1 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 1 .6
3 9 .8
4 2 .2
4 4 .2
4 3 .9
4 3 .8
4 2 .5

4 3 .8
4 3 .8
4 4 .2
4 2 .5
4 3 .6
4 4 .2
4 3 .1
4 3 .3
4 3 .9
4 3 .1
4 4 .6
4 5 .8
4 4 .9
4 5 .2
4 4 .6

$ 1 .7 5 $ 7 3 .0 8
75. 76
1 .8 4
1 .8 6
7 6 .4 0
7 7 .0 1
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
77. 39
1 .9 1
7 6 .8 1
7 7 .4 2
1 .9 1
1 .9 0
77. 21
7 7 .6 1
1 .9 2
78. 99
1 .8 9
1 .8 7
79. 98
1 .8 9
80. 78
79. 79
1 .8 6
7 9 .8 0
1 .8 7
1 .9 0
8 0 .0 0

4 3 .1
4 3 .1
4 1 .6
4 9 .1
4 9 .7
4 4 .1
4 1 .2
3 8 .3
3 7 .4
4 0 .2
4 1 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .1
3 9 .7
4 5 .1

$ 1 .8 0
1 .8 7
1. 75
1 .7 7
1. 84
1 .9 1
2 .0 6
2 .1 9
2 .1 3
2 .0 1
2 .0 6
2 .0 6
2 .0 9
2 .0 7
1 .8 3

$ 6 2 .0 0
6 4 .4 8
64. 55
6 4 .1 5
64. 08
65. 74
6 4 .6 8
6 4 .6 8
6 5 .0 2
6 5 .1 8
6 6 .8 6
65. 79
6 8 .4 5
69. 55
66. 80

4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 8 .7
3 8 .8
3 9 .8
3 8 .7
4 0 .5
4 1 .4
4 0 .0

a n d

o th e r

B is c u its , c ra ck e rs,

b a k e r y p r o d u c ts

$ 1 .8 0 $ 7 4 .8 9
77. 76
1 .8 8
78. 59
1 .9 1
7 9 .1 9
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
7 8 .9 9
1 .9 3
7 8 .0 1
7 8 .8 0
1 .9 5
1 .9 4
78. 60
1 .9 5
7 9 .0 0
1 .9 6
8 1 .0 0
1 .9 7
8 1 .8 1
82. 42
1 .9 8
8 1 .6 1
1 .9 8
82. 01
1 .9 9
8 2 .2 2
1 .9 9

C o n fe c tio n e r y a n d
r e la t e d p r o d u c t s 3

B e et su g a r

$ 2 .0 8 $77. 58
8 0 .6 0
2 .2 1
72. 80
2. 22
2. 24
8 6 .9 1
2. 23
9 1 .4 5
2. 25
84. 23
2. 24
8 4 .8 7
2. 28
83. 88
2 .3 5
79. 66
2 .3 0
8 0 .8 0
2 .3 2
8 4 .8 7
2. 36
82. 40
2. 38
8 1 .7 2
2. 41
8 2 .1 8
82. 53
2 .3 8

4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
4 0 .2

B re a d

4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .5

a n d

$ 1 .8 4 $65. 84
1 .9 2
6 8 .5 1
1 .9 5
68. 64
1 .9 7
7 0 .2 0
1 .9 6
7 1 .1 3
1 .9 6
72. 07
1 .9 8
7 1 .7 1
1 .9 7
71. 31
7 1 .8 9
1 .9 8
2 .0 0
7 2 .2 5
2 .0 1
7 3 .1 6
2 .0 2
7 3 .8 9
7 2 .8 3
2 .0 2
2 .0 3
72. 52
7 1 .9 7
2 .0 3

$1. 55 $59. 70
1. 62
6 2 .1 7
1 .6 3
6 2 .0 9
1 .6 2
6 1 .7 0
1 .6 1
61. 78
1 .6 6
6 3 .6 0
62. 72
1 .6 5
1 .6 5
6 2 .4 0
62. 76
1 .6 8
62. 76
1 .6 8
64. 55
1 .6 8
1. 70
6 3 .0 3
1 .6 9
66. 33
1 .6 8
67. 57
1 .6 7
6 4 .3 1

3 9 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
3 9 .6
3 8 .2
4 0 .2
4 1 .2
3 9 .7

3 9 .9
3 9 .6
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .4
3 9 .4
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .2
3 8 .9

$ 1 .6 5 $ 7 9 .9 8
8 4 .4 4
1. 73
1 .7 6
7 8 .8 1
1 .8 0
8 7 .5 0
1. 81
8 9 .8 9
1 .8 2
8 6 .2 0
85. 08
1 .8 2
1 .8 1
8 4 .6 5
8 8 .3 4
1. 82
84. 59
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
9 0 .0 7
92. 65
1 .8 2
9 3 .0 4
1 .8 3
92. 60
1 .8 5
8 6 .9 6
1 .8 5

B everages 3

C o n fe c tio n e r y

$1. 50
1. 57
1. 58
1 .5 7
1 .5 6
1 .6 1
1 .6 0
1 .6 0
1 .6 3
1 .6 3
1 .6 3
1 .6 5
1 .6 5
1 .6 4
1 .6 2

$85. 63
8 8 .9 8
8 7 .6 4
87. 58
8 9 .5 0
88. 59
8 8 .1 4
88. 82
8 8 .4 3
92. 69
9 5 .3 5
9 6 .0 0
94. 07
9 3 .0 3
9 2 .4 0

4 0 .2
3 9 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .1
3 9 .6
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
4 0 .3
4 1 .1
4 1 .2
4 0 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .0

D is tille d , r e c tifie d , a n d

1956: A v e r a g e ............... $ 1 0 3 .3 4
1957: A v e r a g e ............... 107. 44
O c t o b e r _______
1 0 6 .1 5
N o v e m b e r ____
105. 49
D e c e m b e r _____ 109. 30
1958: J a n u a r y _______
107. 25
F e b r u a r y ______ 106. 70
M a r c h _________ 1 0 7 .9 2
A p r i l ___________ 107. 75
M a y ....................... 114. 62
J u n e ....................... 1 1 8 .0 8
J u l y ____________ 117. 62
A u g u s t ________ 113. 83
S e p t e m b e r ____ 1 1 3 .0 8
O c t o b e r .............
109. 34

3 9 .9
3 9 .5
3 8 .6
38.
3 9 .6
3 9 .0
3 8 .8
39. 1
3 8 .9
4 0 .5
4 1 .0
4 0 .7
3 9 .8
3 9 .4
3 8 .5

b le n d e d liq u o r s

$ 2 .5 9 $81. 90
2 .7 2
84. 42
84. 97
2. 75
8 6 .1 9
2. 74
83. 22
2 .7 6
85. 57
2 .7 5
8 4 .2 2
2 .7 5
83. 78
2. 76
82. 43
2. 77
2 .8 3
8 4 .9 0
2. 88
8 4 .3 6
2. 89
88. 03
2 .8 6
8 8 .5 3
8 7 .4 0
2 .8 7
2. 84
9 4 .3 7

3 9 .0
3 8 .2
3 8 .8
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
3 8 .2
3 7 .6
3 7 .4
3 6 .8
3 7 .9
3 8 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
4 0 .5

M i s c e l l a n e o u s fo o d
p r o d u c ts 3

$ 2 .1 0 $ 7 2 .9 2
2 .2 1
7 6 .8 6
2 .1 9
7 7 .4 9
2 .2 1
7 8 .1 2
2 .1 9
78. 69
2. 24
7 9 .3 0
2. 24
7 9 .9 0
79. 54
2. 24
2 .2 4
78. 36
2. 24
79. 32
2 .2 2
7 9 .3 2
2 .2 4
8 0 .1 2
2 .2 7
8 1 .1 6
2 .3 0
8 2 .7 8
2 .3 3
8 1 .9 9

4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 1 .4
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 1 .1
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .6
4 1 .2

$1. 77
1 .8 7
1 .8 9
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 7
1 .9 9
1 .9 9

C o rn

$ 2 .1 3 $64. 68
2 .2 3
6 7 .4 8
2 .2 3
6 5 .6 1
2. 24
6 5 .3 6
2. 26
67. 56
2 .2 6
6 5 .9 3
2 .2 6
65. 36
2. 26
66. 50
2 .2 5
6 7 .4 0
2 .3 0
6 8 .6 4
2 .3 2
7 1 .1 2
2. 33
7 1 .9 8
72. 54
2 .3 0
2. 32
6 9 .3 7
2. 31
6 7 .4 0

s ir u p , su g a r,
M a n u fa c tu r e d

s ta r c h

4 1 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .6
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 1 .4
4 1 .5
4 0 .1
4 1 .3
4 0 .9
4 2 .3
4 1 .7
4 0 .6
4 1 .8
4 2 .9

$ 2 .0 9 $ 69. 55
2 .2 1
7 3 .4 3
2 .2 9
7 1 .8 1
2. 29
7 4 .1 2
2 .2 6
7 5 .1 0
2. 25
7 4 .4 8
2. 27
7 3 .9 5
2. 26
7 5 .8 6
2 .3 0
7 5 .0 7
2 .3 1
7 4 .9 0
2 .3 1
7 4 .0 9
2 .2 8
76. 56
2 .3 2
77. 74
2 .3 7
7 6 .7 8
2 .4 1
7 3 .7 8

T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s — C o n tin u e d

C ig a r e tte s

1956: A v e r a g e _______
1957-' A v e r a g e ...............
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ..........
1958: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ...........
M a r c h _________
A p r i l ___________
M a y ___________
J u n e ............. .........
J u l y -----------------A u g u s t ______
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ...............

$ 7 0 .8 8
7 3 .6 0
6 8 .9 8
72. 74
7 5 .2 0
7 6 .1 1
7 0 .4 9
7 0 .3 1
77. 55
7 7 .9 7
8 0 .6 4
7 9 .8 7
7 9 .8 7
7 5 .9 8
76. 57

4 0 .5
4 0 .0
3 7 .9
3 8 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .7
3 8 .1
3 7 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 2 .0
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 0 .2
4 0 .3

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$ 1 .7 5
1. 84
1. 82
1 .8 7
1 .8 8
1 .8 7
1 .8 5
1. 86
1 .9 1
1 .9 3
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .8 9
1 .9 0

$ 4 7 .6 3
4 9 .6 3
5 2 .9 0
52. 75
5 1 .0 5
49. 98
4 9 .7 1
4 9 .1 4
4 8 .0 6
5 0 .7 3
5 1 .5 1
5 1 .9 2
5 2 .8 8
54. 77
54. 49

3 7 .5
3 7 .6
3 8 .9
3 8 .5
3 8 .1
3 7 .3
3 7 .1
3 6 .4
3 5 .6
3 7 .3
3 7 .6
3 7 .9
3 8 .6
3 9 .4
3 9 .2

$ 1 .2 7
1. 32
1 .3 6
1. 37
1 .3 4
1 .3 4
1 .3 4
1. 35
1. 35
1 .3 6
1 .3 7
1 .3 7
1 .3 7
1 .3 9
1 .3 9

$ 5 7 .1 3
60. 75
60. 47
6 1 .3 8
6 2 .3 2
6 2 .4 6
6 1 .6 2
6 1 .1 2
6 0 .9 2
6 2 .8 7
6 3 .1 3
6 3 .0 0
6 4 .7 3
6 1 .9 2
62. 66

3 7 .1
3 7 .5
3 7 .1
3 7 .2
3 8 .0
3 7 .4
3 6 .9
3 6 .6
3 6 .7
3 7 .2
3 7 .8
3 7 .5
3 8 .3
3 7 .3
3 7 .3

4 1 .2
4 1 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .1
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
4 0 .8
41. 1
4 1 .6
4 3 .1
4 3 .1
4 3 .7
4 2 .3
4 1 .1

$1. 57
1 .6 3
1 .6 2
1 .6 3
1. 66
1 .6 4
1 .6 3
1 .6 3
1 .6 4
1. 65
1 .6 5
1 .6 7
1 .6 6
1 .6 4
1 .6 4

4 4 .3
4 4 .5
4 3 .0
4 3 .6
4 4 .7
4 4 .6
4 3 .5
4 3 .6
4 3 .9
4 3 .8
4 4 .1
4 5 .3
4 5 .2
4 4 .9
4 3 .4

ic e

T o ta l: T o b a c c o
m a n u fa ctu r e s

$1. 57 $ 5 6 .0 2
1 .6 5
5 8 .6 7
5 5 .9 2
1 .6 7
1 .7 0
5 7 .6 0
1. 68
6 0 .2 1
60. 84
1 .6 7
1 .7 0
5 9 .1 2
1 .7 4
5 8 .9 9
1 .7 1
6 2 .7 0
64. 24
1. 71
1 .6 8
6 6 .3 0
1 .6 9
6 5 .7 4
1 .7 2
6 2 .9 6
1. 71
6 0 .1 5
1. 70
5 9 .8 2

3 8 .9
3 8 .6
3 8 .3
3 7 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 7 .9
3 7 .1
3 8 .0
3 8 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .6
3 9 .6
4 0 .1
39. 1

$1. 44
1. 52
1 .4 6
1. 54
1. 54
1 .5 6
1. 56
1. 59
1 .6 5
1 .6 6
1 .6 7
1 .6 6
1 .5 9
1 .5 0
1. 53

T e x t ile -m ill p r o d u c ts

T o b a cco a n d sn u fl

C ig a r s

$ 1 .8 6
1 .9 5
1. 89
1. 75
1 .7 8
2 .0 0
2 .0 5
2 .0 9
2 .1 6
2 .1 2
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
2 .2 1
2. 21
1 .9 9

T o b a cc o m a n u fa ctu r e s

o il, a n d

$86. 53
9 1 .0 5
9 5 .2 6
9 3 .8 9
9 2 .2 1
9 3 .1 5
9 4 .2 1
90. 63
94. 99
9 4 .4 8
97. 71
9 5 .0 8
9 4 .1 9
99. 07
1 0 3 .3 9

4 3 .0
4 3 .3
4 1 .7
5 0 .0
5 0 .5
4 3 .1
4 1 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .9
3 9 .9
4 1 .7
4 2 .5
4 2 .1
4 1 .9
43. 7

B o ttle d s o ft d r in k s

F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts— C o n tin u e d

M a l t liq u o r s

Sugar3

p r e tz e ls

$ 1 .5 4
1 .6 2
1 .6 3
1. 65
1 .6 4
1. 67
1. 67
1 .6 7
1 .6 6
1 .6 9
1 .6 7
1 .6 8
1 .6 9
1 .6 6
1 .6 8

T o b a c c o s te m m in g
a n d r e d r y in g

$ 4 7 .0 4
4 8 .1 3
4 5 .1 9
41. 54
5 1 .0 8
5 0 .4 4
52. 27
5 1 .9 9
5 4 .8 3
56. 78
5 7 .9 8
5 7 .4 5
4 9 .2 8
4 8 .6 2
4 6 .1 0

3 9 .2
3 8 .2
3 8 .3
3 3 .5
3 9 .6
39.
3 9 .3
3 7 .4
3 6 .8
3 7 .6
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .2
4 1 .2
3 8 .1

$ 1 .2 0
1 .2 6
1 .1 8
1. 24
1. 29
1 .2 9
1 .3 3
1 .3 9
1 .4 9
1. 51
1 .5 1
1 .5 0
1 .2 9
1 .1 8
1 .2 1

T o t a l: T e x t ile -m ill
p r o d u c ts

$ 5 7 .4 2
58. 35
5 9 .0 4
58. 29
58. 35
5 6 .4 0
5 6 .7 0
5 6 .4 0
5 4 .9 0
5 5 .9 5
5 7 .9 8
57. 90
5 9 .1 9
5 9 .9 5
6 0 .8 0

3 9 .6
3 8 .9
3 9 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .9
3 7 .6
3 7 .8
3 7 .6
3 6 .6
3 7 .3
3 8 .4
3 8 .6
3 9 .2
3 9 .7
4 0 .0

$ 1 .4 5
1 .5 0
1 .5 1
1 .5 1
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 0
1 .5 1
1 .5 0
1 .5 1
1. 51
1 .5 2

S c o u r in g a n d c o m b ­
in g p la n ts

$66. 08
64. 32
59. 84
6 0 .7 0
6 3 .1 2
6 0 .9 2
6 3 .6 0
6 1 .3 9
6 2 .6 4
6 3 .2 0
6 7 .6 8
6 8 .1 0
6 7 .4 2
6 5 .9 9
6 4 .7 2

4 1 .3
4 0 .2
3 7 .4
3 7 .7
3 9 .7
3 8 .8
4 0 .0
39.
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
4 2 .3
4 2 .3
4 2 .4
4 1 .5
4 0 .2

$ 1 .6 0
1 .6 0
1 .6 0
1 .6 1
1 .5 9
1 .5 7
1. 59
1. 57
1. 57
1 .5 8
1 .6 0
1 .6 1
1 .5 9
1 .5 9
1 .6 1

103

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

M anufacturing—Cont Inued
Year and month

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Yarn and thread
mills *
39.1
38.2
38.0
37.4
37.8
36.4
36.3
35.7
34.9
35.4
36.9
37.1
38.4
38.9
39.0

19S6: Average_____ $52.39
52. 72
1957: Average___
October_____ 52. 44
November___ 51.61
December___
52.16
1958: January_____ 50.23
February___
50.09
March______
49.62
April..
___ 48.51
M ay________ 49.21
June......... ...... 51.66
51.94
July________
August............ 53. 76
September___ 54.46
October_____
54.60

$1.34 $52.53
1.38 53.10
1.38 52.54
1.38 51.85
1.38 52.16
1.38 50.09
1.38 49. 82
1.39 49.35
1.39 47.96
1.39 48.93
1.40 51.38
1. 40 51.66
1.40 54. 00
1.40 54. 71
1.40 54.85

Cotton, silk, synthetic
fiber--Continued

39.2
38.2
37.8
37.3
37.8
36.3
36.1
35.5
34.5
35.2
36.7
36.9
38.3
38.8
38.9

Broad-woven fabric
mnis *

Tnreaa mins

Yarn mills

$1.34 $52.79
1.39 55.13
1.39 56.52
1.39 54.43
1.38 54.99
1.38 53.16
1.38 53.30
1.39 52.45
1.39 53.72
1.39 49. 21
1.40 51.26
1.40 50. 69
1.41 52.97
1.41 54.24
1.41 53.20

39.1
39.1
39.8
38.6
39.0
37.7
37.8
37.2
38.1
34.9
36.1
35.7
37.3
38.2
37.2

$1.35 $56.28
1.41 56. 70
1.42 57. 67
1.41 56.94
1.41 57.28
1.41 54.96
1.41 55.10
1.41 54.81
1.41 52.85
1.41 53.86
1.42 55. 68
1.42 56.41
1.42 57. 38
1.42 57.96
1.43 58.98

40.2
39.1
39.5
39.0
39.5
37.9
38.0
37.8
36.7
37.4
38.4
38.9
39.3
39.7
40.4

$1. 40
1.45
1.46
1.46
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.44
1.44
1.45
1. 45
1.46
1.46
1.46

40.0
38.9
39.6
39.3
39.6
37.8
37.8
37.5
36.1
36.8
37.8
38.3
39.0
39.4
40.3

Narrow fabrics and

1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
October____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
March______
April__ ___
M ay________
June________
July________
August ____
September__
October_____

$65.31
65.28
62. 65
60.58
62. 49
60. 90
62.65
63.44
62.65
64. 96
67.30
67.30
66.40
66. 56
66. 56

41.6
40.8
39.4
38.1
39.3
38.3
39.4
39.9
39.4
40.6
41.8
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.6

$1.57 $58.51
1.60 60.80
1.59 61.14
1.59 60.14
1.59 60.74
1.59 59.67
1.59 58.22
1.59 58.37
1.59 57. 68
1.60 58.91
1.61 60. 76
1.61 60. 45
1.60 60.45
1.60 61.69
1.60 61.31


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

36.1
36.5
37.5
36.6
36.3
34.6
34.9
34.7
33.1
34.8
36.0
37.5
37.8
38.0
38.2

$1.28
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.36
1. 35
1.35
1.35
1.34
1.35
1.37

Dyeing and finishing
textiles (except wool)

41.2 $1.60 $65.51
1.65 66.58
40.6
40.7
1.65 66.91
40.2
1.66 66.83
1.65 66.75
40.3
39. 1 1.64 64.22
40.3
1.65 66.42
1.64 65.04
39.7
1.64 63.90
39.1
39.9
1.63 65.0'
1.66 68.81
41.8
1.64 64. 87
40.0
1.64 66.34
40.6
1.65 67.08
40.8
41.6
1.67 69.22

See footnotes at end of table.

39.5
38.5
38.8
37.7
39.2
38.3
38.2
37.4
37.4
37.8
38.2
39.0
38.8
39.4
39.6

$1.48
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.53
1. 53
1.52
1.53
1.54
1. 54

Knitting mills 8

39.8
40.0
39.7
38.8
39.7
39.0
38.3
38.4
38.2
38.5
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.8
39.3

$1.47
1.52
1.54
1.55
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.53
1. 55
1. 55
1.55
1.55
1.56

$53.68
54.09
55.19
54.31
54.17
51.98
52.85
53.14
51.74
53.29
54.75
54. 67
56.12
57.18
57.33

37.8
37.3
37.8
37.2
37.1
35.6
36.2
36.4
35.2
36.5
37.5
37.7
38.7
38.9
39.0

North

$1.42 $58.98
1.45 57.51
1.46 58.28
1.46 58.83
1.46 58. 83
1.46 56.83
1.46 57.68
1.46 58.60
1.47 55.94
1.46 57. 07
1.46 55. 94
1.45 55.27
1.45 57. 38
1.47 58.45
1.47 60.13

38.3
37.1
37.6
38.2
38.2
36.9
37.7
38.3
36.8
37.3
36.8
36.6
38.0
38.2
39.3

$1.54
1.55
1.55
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.53
1.52
1.51
1.51
1. 53
1.53

$58.82
59. 68
62.09
62.64
59. 90
58.30
56.06
55.72
55.48
59'. 28
59'. 29
58. 83
60.37
61.39
62.88

38.7
38. 5
39.3
39.9
38.4
36.9
36.4
36.9
36.5
38.0
38.5
38.2
39.2
39.1
39.8

$1.52
1.55
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.58
1.54
1.51
1.52
1.56
1. 54
1. 54
1. 54
1. 57
1. 58

$1.28 $56.15
1.33 57.30
1.33 58.06
1.34 57.07
1.35 55.48
1.36 52.74
1.35 54.26
1.36 55.18
1.36 54.93
1.34 57.38
1.34 59.13
1.34 58.22
1.33 60.13
1.34 59. 67
1.36 59.91

38.2
37.7
37.7
37.3
36.5
34.7
35.7
36.3
35.9
37.5
38.9
38.3
39.3
39.0
38.9

$1.47
1.52
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.53
1. 54

$49'. 78
50.69
51.75
49.82
50.42
49.82
49.54
49.96
47.33
48.99
50.78
51.24
53.93
56.12
55.84

38.0
37.0
37.5
36.1
36.8
36.1
35. 9
36.2
34.3
35. 5
36.8
37.4
38.8
39.8
39.6

$1.31
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.39
1.41
1.41

Seamless hosiery

$1.55 $46.21
1.55 48.55
1.53 50.25
1.53 49.41
1.53 49.01
1.53 47.06
1.53 47.46
1.53 47.54
1.52 45.02
1.51 46.98
1.51 48.60
1.50 50. 63
1.49 50. 65
1.51 51.30
1.51 52.33

Dyeing and finishing
textiles
1956: Average_____ $65.92
66.99
1957: Average___
October_____ 67.16
November___ 66.73
December__
66.50
1958: January_____ 64.12
February____ 66.50
M arch ...........
65.11
April__ . .. 64.12
M ay________ 65.04
June________ 69.39
65.60
July________
August______ 66. 58
67. 32
September. . .
69.47
October_____

North

$1.37 $58.46
1.43 58.52
1.44 59.36
1.44 57. 68
1.43 59.58
1.43 58.22
1.43 58.06
1.42 56.85
1.41 56.47
1.42 57.83
1.43 58.45
1.42 59.28
1.43 59.36
1.44 60. 68
1.44 60.98

s m a ll w a rp s

South

North

United States

South
38.2
36.6
36.9
37.4
38.1
36.9
38.2
38.8
36.9
37.0
36.1
35.9
37.5
37.8
39.0

39.9
38.9
39.5
39.1
39.5
37.9
37.9
37.5
36.3
36.9
37.9
38.4
39.0
39.4
40.2

United States
$1.35
1.41
1.43
1.43
1.42
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.40
1. 40
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.43

Full-fashioned.
hosiery— Continued
$59.21
56.73
56.46
57.22
58. 29
56. 46
58.45
59.36
56.09
55.87
54. 51
53. 85
55.88
57.08
58.89

$54.66
55.63
56.88
56.30
56.49
54.20
54.20
53. 25
51.18
52.40
54.20
54. 53
55. 77
56.74
57.89

Full-fashioned hosiery
Woolen and worsted

South
1956: Average_____ $54.00
1957: Average------54.85
October.. . . . 56.63
November___ 56.20
December----- 56.23
1958: January_____ 53.30
February___
53. 30
M arch. ____
52.88
April_______
50.54
M ay________ 51.52
June________ 53.30
July................. 54.00
August-------- - 55. 38
Septem ber.. .
55.95
October_____
57.63

Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber
United States

$49.40
51.14
52. 85
52.72
48.50
48.93
52.59
50.82
51.52
50.87
51. 2Ç
52.22
52.68
55.12
54.88

38.0
37.6
38.3
38.2
35.4
35.2
37.3
36.3
36.8
36.6
36.9
37.3
37.9
39.1
39.2

$1.30 $45.82
1.36 48.28
1.38 49.74
1. 38 48.64
1.37 49.14
1.39 46. 92
1.41 46.71
1.40 46.92
1.40 44.34
1.39 46.23
1.39 48.11
1.40 50.25
1.39 50.27
1.41 50. 65
1.40 51.82

Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings 8

41.2 $1.59 $74.16
40.6
1.64 74.7C
1.61 75.44
40.8
40.5
1.65 74.77
40.7
1.61 75.32
39. A 1.65 76.89
1.64 75.14
40.5
39.9
1.65 75.74
39.2
1.65 73.7(
39.9
1.65 73.88
1.65 75.2'
41.7
1.65 77. 52
39.8
1.63 77.90
40.7
1.6' 80.4?
40.9
1.66 81. 56
41.7

41.2
40.6
41.6
40.2
40.5
40.9
40.4
40.5
39.2
39.2
39.6
40.8
41.0
42.1
42.7

35.8
36.3
37.4
36.3
36.4
34.5
34.6
34.5
32.6
34.5
35.9
37.5
37.8
37.8
38.1

Wool carpets rugs.
and carpet yarn

$1.80 $73.26
1.84 72. 25
1.84 71.55
1.86 69.32
1.86 71.71
1.88 74.59
1.86 72.86
1.87 71.39
1.88 68.6;
1.88 69.16
1.9C 69.18
1. 9( 69. 55
1.9C 72.86
1.9] 77. 79
1.91 78.31

Hats (except cloth
and millinery)

40.7 $1.80 $57.38
1.82 59.04
39.7
39. 1 1.83 58.91
1.81 61.62
38.3
39.2
1.83 63.79
1.86 60.26
40.1
39.6
1.84 59. 29
1.84 57.35
38.8
1.83 54. 42
37.5
1.82 57.19
38. (
1.84 60. 42
37.6
1.84 60.39
37.8
1.84 59.67
39.6
41.6
1.87 58.98
42.1
1.86 55. 58

35.2
36.0
35.7
36.9
38.2
37.2
36.6
35.4
33.8
35.3
36.4
36.6
35.1
34.9
34.1

Miscellaneous textile
goods 3

$1.63 $66.83
1.64 69.03
1.65 70. 22
1.67 70.31
1.67 69.65
1.62 66.85
1.62 66.78
1.62 66.78
1.61 65.53
1.62 66. 43
1.66 69.65
1.65 68. 60
1.70 68.95
1.69 72.92
1.63 71.46

40.5 $1.65
39.9
1.73
39.9
1.76
39.5
1.78
39.8
1.75
38.2
1.75
38.6
1.73
1.73
38.6
1.72
38.1
1. 73
38. 4
1.76
39. 8
1. 75
39.2
39. 4 1.75
41.2
1. 77
40. 6
1.76

104

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industryx—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Felt goods (except
woven felts and hats)

1956: Average_____ $71. 86
1957: Average........... 73. 28
October_____
77. 42
November___ 74. 77
December___
72.91
1958: January_____ 71. 24
February____ 70.68
March_____
72. 58
April_______
69.92
M ay................ 73.15
June................ 75. 27
July................. 75. 66
August______ 77.01
September___ 78. 53
October_____
77.39

40.6
39.4
41.4
40.2
39.2
38.3
37.2
38.2
36.8
37.9
38.6
39.2
39.9
40.9
40.1

Paddings and upholstery filling

Lace goods

$1.77 $66. 43
1.86 67.32
1.87 66. 98
1.86 66.41
1.86 66. 57
1.86 63. 72
1.90 64. 38
1.90 65. 30
1.90 65. 87
1.93 64. 05
1.95 68. 71
1. 93 65. 69
1.93 61. 59
1.92 70. 43
1.93 66. 55

38.4 $1. 73 $68. 74
37.4
1.80 71.46
36.8
1.82 70. 27
37. 1 1. 79 73. 02
37.4
1.78 72. 80
35.4
1. 80 68.38
1.74 66. 73
37.0
37. 1 1. 76 67. 40
36.8
1.79 66. 70
36.6
1. 75 68. 56
38.6
1. 78 72. 22
36.7
1.79 71.34
34.6
1.78 72. 45
38.7
1.82 76. 68
37.6
1.77 75. 65

Processed waste and
recovered fibers

40.2 $1.71 $54.10
40.6
1.76 57. 40
39.7
1.77 57. 37
39.9
1.83 56. 09
40.0
1. 82 58. 52
38.2
1.79 57. 34
37. 7
1. 77 57.17
37.9
1. 78 58. 00
37.9
1.76 57. 74
38.3
1.79 57. 86
39.9
1.81 58. 87
39.2
1.82 57.23
40. 7 1. 7S 57. 82
42.6
1.80 62.13
42. 5 1. 78 62. 82

Artificial leather, oilcloth, and other coated
fabrics

41.3 $1.31 $87.40
41.0
1. 40 92.66
40.4
1.42 98.10
39.5
1.42 99. 23
1.41 95. 70
41.5
40.1
1.43 89.24
39. 7 1.44 87. 97
40.0
1. 45 86. 71
40.1
1.44 83. 74
39.9
1. 45 86.27
40.6
1. 45 92.23
39.2
1. 46 91. 58
39.6
1.46 91.58
41.7
1.49 98. 57
41.6
1.51 92. 23

43.7
43.5
45.0
44.7
43. 9
41.7
41.3
40.9
39.5
40.5
42.5
42.4
42.4
44.4
42.5

Cordage and twine

$2.00 $57.28
2.13 58. 44
2. 18 58. 82
2.22 57. 53
2.18 59. 36
2.14 55. 78
2.13 58.98
2.12 58.37
2.12 57. 53
2.13 57.99
2.17 59.67
2. 16 60.04
2.16 61.05
2. 22 62. 06
2. 17 60.44

39. 5
38. 7
38. 7
37. 6
38. 8
36. 7
38. 3
37.9
37. 6
37. 9
39.0
39. 5
39. 9
40. 3
39.5

$1.45
1. 51
1. 52
1. 53
1 53
1. 52
1. 54
1.54
1.53
1. 53
1. 53
1. 52
1. 53
1. 54
1.53

Apparel and other finished textile products
Total: Apparel and
other finished textile
products
1956: Average_____ $52. 64
1957: Average_____ 53. 64
October_____ 53.49
November___ 53.10
December___
52. 80
1958: January_____ 53.00
February____ 52. 65
M arch______
51. 70
April_______
51. 75
M ay________ 52.20
June...... ......... 52. 50
July------------- 53. 40
August______ 55. 33
September___ 55. 23
O ctober......... 55. 08

36.3 $1. 45 $63.12
36.0
1.49 63.01
35.9
1.49 61.42
35.4
1.50 60. 34
35.2
1.50 60.54
35. 1 1.51 60.02
35.1
1. 50 58. 61
34.7
1.49 58.43
34.5
1.50 56.14
34.8
1.50 60.19
35.0
1.50 61.59
35.6
1. 50 60. 55
36.4
1.52 62. 30
36.1
1.53 63. 01
36.0
1.53 60. 71

Women’s outerwear2

1956: Average
$57. 02
1957: Average_____ 58.10
October_____
56. 60
November___ 56. 27
December___
55. 26
1958: January_____ 57. 27
February........ 57. 95
M arch______ 54. 78
April_______
57. 45
M ay................ 57. 45
June________ 55. 44
July..... ........... 58.13
A u g u st_____ 60. 90
September___ 57.96
October_____
58. 30

35.2
35.0
34.3
34.1
33.9
34.5
34.7
33.0
34. 4
34.4
33.4
34. 6
35.2
S3. 5
33. 7

36.1
35. 8
35.2
35.7
35.2
35.2
34.9
35.2
34.7
35.1
35.1
34.3
35.0
36.1
36.3

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

36.7
35.6
34.7
33.9
34.4
34.1
33.3
33.2
31.9
34.2
34.6
34.8
35.2
35.6
34.3

35.2
34.8
34.1
33.7
33.3
34.1
34.4
30.5
35.2
34.3
32.1
33.4
34.2
32.1
32.7

Millinery

$1.43 $62.02
1.47 62.11
1. 48 60.72
1.47 56.09
1.47 57.96
1.49 55. 36
1.48 73.72
1.48 69. 89
1.49 61.00
1. 50 49. 54
1.51 58.71
1.49 62.79
1.51 68. 62
1.50 69.52
1.51 68. 62

36.7
35.9
35.3
32.8
33.7
31.1
38.8
38.4
33.7
28.8
32.8
34.5
36.5
36.4
36. 5

Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing 2

$1.72 $45.26
1. 77 46. 23
1. 77 46. 98
1.78 45. 57
1.76 45.31
1.76 45. 67
1. 76 44. 96
1. 76 45. 18
1. 76 44.16
1. 76 44. 42
1.78 44. 70
1. 74 46. 34
1.77 47. 62
1.77 48. .38
1. 77 47. 60

Women’s dresses

$1.62 $55. 62
1.66 56.03
1. 65 55. 24
1.65 53. 92
1.63 53. 61
1.66 55.24
1.67 55.38
1. 66 49.41
1. 67 61.25
1. 67 59. 68
1.66 53. 61
1.68 54. 78
1.73 58.48
1.73 55. 21
1.73 56. 24

Corsets and allied
garments
1956: Average_____ $51.62
1957: Average_____ 52. 63
October_____
52.10
November___ 52.48
December___ 51. 74
1958: Ja n u ary ...___ 52.45
February____ 51. 65
March______ 52.10
April_______
51.70
May............. 52. 65
June................ 53.00
Ju ly ................. 51.11
August-........... 52. 85
September___ 54.15
O ctober.......... 54.81

M en’s and boys’
suits and coats

36.5
36.4
36.7
35.6
35.4
35.4
35.4
35.3
34.5
34.7
35.2
36. 2
37.2
37.5
36.9

$1.24 $45. 88
1.27 46. 46
1. 28 47. 86
1.28 47.34
1.28 46. 57
1.29 45. 80
1.27 45. 44
1.28 45. 44
1.28 44. 54
1.28 44. 42
1.27 44. 07
1.28 46.21
1.28 47.49
1.29 48. 89
1.29 48. 38

Household apparel

$1. 58 $44. 76
1.61 46. 44
1. 62 45. 89
1.60 47. 19
1.61 46. 96
1.62 45. 89
1.61 44. 98
1.62 47. 29
1.74 47. 52
1. 74 47.22
1.67 46.33
1.64 45. 72
1.71 47. 29
1. 72 47. 08
1.72 47. 70

36.1
36.0
35.3
36.3
36.4
35.3
34.6
36.1
36.0
35. 5
35.1
34.9
36.1
35.4
35.6

Children’s
outerwear
$1.69 $48. 44
1.73 50. 55
1.72 49. 59
1.71 50.01
1.72 48.14
1. 78 49. 87
1.90 49.68
1.82 49.10
1.81 48.06
1.72 48. 87
1.79 50. 65
1.82 51. 57
1.88 50. 74
1.91 50. 54
1.88 51.71

36.7
36.9
36.2
36.5
35.4
36.4
36.0
36.1
35.6
36.2
36.7
37.1
36.5
36.1
37.2

Shirts, collars, and
nightwear

36.7
36.3
37.1
36.7
36.1
35. 5
35.5
35.5
34.8
34.7
34.7
36.1
37.1
37.9
37.5

Separate trousers

$1.25 $46. 49
1.28 47.06
1. 29 45. 92
1.29 42. 77
1.29 45. 89
1.29 48. 31
1.28 47. 68
1.28 47. 78
1.28 46.73
1.28 45.11
1.27 45. 63
1.28 46. 57
1.28 47. 95
1.29 47.16
1.29 46.64

36.9
36.2
35.6
32.9
35.3
36.6
36.4
36.2
35.4
34.7
35.1
36.1
36. 6
36.0
35.6

Work shirts

$1.26 $40.29
1.30 42. 47
1.29 41.18
1.30 41.18
1.30 41. 65
1.32 40. 59
1.31 42. 46
1.32 43. 78
1.32 42.24
1.30 40.60
1.30 41.76
1.29 39.90
1.31 44. 54
1.31 45.05
1. 31 42. 57

36.3
36. 3
35. 5
34. 9
34.4
36. 6
37.1
35.8
34. 7
36.0
34.1
38.4
38. 5
36.7

$1.11
1.17
1.16
1.18
1.17
1.18
1.16
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.17
1.16
1.17
1.16

Women's suits, coats, Women’s and chil- Underwear and nightand skirts
dren’s undergarments2 wear, except corsets

$1.24 $68.14
1.29 68. 54
1.30 65. 89
1.30 66. 86
1.29 63.83
1.30 69. 09
1.30 69. 63
1.31 65.16
1.32 57. 32
1.33 60. 99
1.32 64. 62
1.31 72.16
1.31 75. 24
1.33 70. 64
1.34 70. 26

33.9 $2. 01 $47. 55
33.6
2.04 48.91
32.3
2.04 49. 82
33. 1 2.02 49.64
32.4
1.97 48.20
33.7
2. 05 48. 28
33.8
2. 06 48.20
32. 1 2.03 48.69
29.7
1.93 47.60
32.1
1.90 47. 68
32.8
1.97 48. 28
35.2
2.05 48.06
36.0
2. 09 49. 68
33.8
2.09 50. 86
33.3
2.11 52. 30

Miscellaneous
apparel and
accessories
$1.32 $49. 71
1.37 49.90
1.37 51.66
1.37 51.38
1.36 51.24
1.37 49.07
1.38 49.00
1.36 49. 00
1.35 47.80
1.35 49.07
1.38 50.20
1.39 51.26
1.39 50. 74
1. 40 52.82
1.39 53. 34

37.1
35.9
36.9
36.7
36.6
34.8
35.0
35.0
33.9
34.8
35.6
36.1
36.5
37.2
37.3

36.3
36.5
36. 9
36. 5
35. 7
35. 5
35.7
35.8
35.0
34.8
35.5
35. 6
36.8
37.4
37.9

$1.31 $45. 38
1.34 47. 47
1.35 48. 88
1.36 48. 21
1. 35 46.31
1.36 46. 28
1.35 46.80
1. 36 47.29
1.36 45. 63
1.37 45. 33
1.36 46. 05
1.35 46. 70
1.35 48. 38
1.36 49. 65
1.38 51.21

Other fabricated
textile products 2

$1.34 $53.39
1.39 56.70
1.40 58. 45
1.40 58. 75
1.40 59. 82
1.41 55. 90
1.40 54.66
1.40 55. 35
1.41 54.15
1.41 56.32
1. 41 56. 92
1.42 56. 39
1.39 57. 45
1.42 59.14
1.43 58.06

37.6
37.8
38.2
37.9
38.1
36.3
36.2
36.9
36.1
37.3
37.2
37.1
38.3
38.4
38.2

36.3
36. 8
37 6
36. 8
35. 9
35. 6
36.0
36.1
35.1
34.6
35.7
36.2
37.5
37.9
38.5

$1.25
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.29
1. 29
1. 29
1.31
1.33

Curtains, draperies,
and other housefurnishings

$1.42 $46. 98
1. 50 49.37
1. 53 51.19
1. 55 49.88
1. 57 50. 38
1. 54 47. 97
1. 51 48. 28
1.50 49. 71
1.50 48.33
1. 51 49.41
1.53 60. 05
1.52 49.28
1. 50 51.46
1.54 51.71
1. 52 52. 22

36.7
37. 4
38 2
37. 5
37. 6
35. 8
36.3
37.1
35.8
36.6
36.8
38. 5
38.4
38.3
38.4

$1.28
1.32
1.34
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.33
1.34
1.35
1. 35
1.36
1.35
1. 34
1.35
1.36

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -l.

105

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly . wkly . hrly.
earn­ hours earn­
ings
ings

Avg. Avg.
wkly . wkly .
earn­ hours
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly .
earn­ hours
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly . hrly.
earn­ hours earn­
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly . wkly . hrly.
earn­ hours earn­
ings
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
wklv . wkly . hrly.
earn­ hours earn­
ings
ings

Manufacturing—Continued

Year and month

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—
Continued
Textile bags
1956:
1957:

1958:

_
Average
.
Average
October________.

January. . .
February.
March____
April.............
May _______
July-------August . .
Septemb
October.

.
.
.

$ 5 7 .2 8
59 . 4 C

3 9 .5
3 9 .6
3 8 .6
3 9 .1
4 0 .4
3 9 .2
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 7 .9
3 8 .6
3 8 .4
3 9 .4
3 9 .6
4 1 .0
3 9 .6

5 8 .6 7
5 9 .4 3
6 2 .2 2
6 0 .3 7
59 . 44
59 . 75
5 8 . 75
5 9 . 06
5 9 .1 4
6 0 . 68
61 . 38
6 3 .5 5
6 0 . 98

Canvas products
$ 1 . 45

$ 55 . 66

1 .5 0
1 .5 2
1 .5 2
1 .5 4
1 .5 4
1 . 54
1 . 54
1 .5 5
1 .5 3
1 .5 4
1 .5 4
1 .5 5
1 .5 5
1 .5 4

57 33
58 . 56
5 6 .4 5
5 7 .0 8
5 8 .3 1
5 8 .8 0
59 . 25
6 0 .1 5
6 3 . 80
6 3 .0 9
6 2 . 40
5 9 .1 5
6 3 . 11
59 . 79

3 9 .2
39. C
3 9 .3
3 8 .4
3 7 .8
3 9 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .5
4 0 .1
4 1 .7
4 0 .7
4 1 .6
3 9 .7
4 0 .2
4 0 .4

Paper and allied products
Total: Paper and
allied products

$ 1 . 42

$ 8 3 .0 3

1 .4 7
1 .4 9
1 .4 7
1 .5 1
1 .4 8
1 .5 0
1 . 50
1 .5 0
1 .5 3
1 .5 5
1 .5 0
1 .4 9
1 .5 7
1 .4 8

8 6 .2 9
8 8 .1 9
8 7 .1 5
8 7 .1 5
8 6 .1 1
8 5 .4 9
8 6 .1 1
8 5 .6 9
8 6 .1 0
8 8 .2 0
8 8 . 83
9 0 . 53
9 1 .3 8
9 1 .1 6

4 2 .8
4 2.3
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 1 .9
4 1 .4
4 1 .1
4 1 .4
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .8
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
4 2 .7
4 2 .6

$ 1 .9 4
2 . 04
2 . 08

2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 . 08
2 . 08
2 .0 8
2 .0 9
2 .1 0
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 4

Paper and allied products- -Continued
Fiber cans, tubes, and
arums
1 956 :
1957:

Average_______
Average_______
October_______

March_________
April___________
May ____________
June.........................
July ____________
August_________
September____
October________

$ 79 . 56

4 0 .8
4 0 .1
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
3 9 .2
3 8 .7
4 1 .1
3 8 .6
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
4 0 .5
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .5

8 3 .0 1
8 4 .3 8
8 5 .2 0
8 6 .0 3
8 3 .1 0
8 1 . 27
8 7 . 95
8 2 . 60
8 4 . 63
8 4 . 89
8 8 .2 9
8 9 . 60
8 9 . 98
9 2 . 96

Other paper and
allied products

$ 1 .9 5

$ 7 2 .9 2

2 .0 7
2 .1 2
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 2
2 . 10
2 . 14
2 .1 4
2 . 17
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .2 0
2 .2 4

7 6 .0 7
77 . 71
7 7 . 36
7 7 .9 3
76 . 97
76 . 97
7 7 .3 6
7 6 .9 9
7 6 . 61
77 . 97
7 8 . 55
7 9 .9 5
8 0 . 75
8 0 . 54

4 1 .2
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .1
3 9 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 1 .2
4 1 .3

Pulp, paper and
paperboard mills
$ 91 . 05

9 4 .1 8
9 6 .3 5
9 5 .2 4
9 5 .9 0
94 . 37
9 3 .2 6
9 3 . 48
93 . 04
9 3 . 24
9 5 . 87
9 6 .7 3
9 8 . 31
99 . 20
9 8 . 29

4 4 .2
4 3 .4
4 3 .4
4 2 .9
4 3 .2
4 2 .7
4 2 .2
4 2 .3
4 2 .1
4 2 .0
4 2 .8
4 2 .8
4 3 .5
43. 7
4 3 .3

$ 2 .0 6

2 .1 7
2 .2 2
2 . 22
2 .2 2
2 .2 1
2 .2 1
2 .2 1
2 .2 1
2 .2 2
2 .2 4
2 . 26
2 .2 6
2 .2 7
2 . 27

Paperboard containers and boxes 1
$ 7 6 .1 3
79 . 9 C

8 3 .1 6
8 0 . 75
7 9 .1 7
7 8 .2 0
7 8 .4 1
79 . 79
7 8 .8 0
8 0 . 40
8 3 .0 2
8 3 . 02
8 5 . 68
8 6 . 09
8 6 . 50

4 1 .6
4 1 .4
4 2 .0
4 1 .2
4 0 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
3 9 .6
4 0 .2
4 1 .1
4 1 .1
4 2 .0
4 2 .2
4 2 .4

$ 1 .8 3

i.ea
1 . 98
1 .9 6
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
2 .0 0
2 .0 2
2 .0 2
2 .0 4
2 . 04
2 . 04

$ 1 . 77

$ 9 3 .9 0

1 .8 6
1 .9 0
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 . 93
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
1 .9 5

9 6 .2 5
9 7 .1 5
9 5 . 76
9 8 .0 4
9 5 .7 6
9 6 .1 4
9 7 .0 2
9 6 .1 4
9 7 . 01
9 7 .3 8
9 7 . 38
9 8 . 54
9 9 . 56
9 9 .0 4

1956:
1957:

1958:

Average________
Average________
October________
November_____
December______
January________
February_______
March__________
April____________
May ____________
June_____________
July . . — ...............
August--------------September_____
October________

$ 9 3 .0 3
9 5 . 76
9 6 . 56

9 5 .3 5
9 7 . 36
9 5 . 74
9 5 .4 0
9 6 .6 8
9 4 . 92
9 4 .8 2
9 6 . 22
9 7 .1 1
9 7 . 75
1 0 0 .1 9
9 9 . 04

4 0 .1
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .3
3 8 .9
3 8 .7
3 8 .8
3 9 .0
3 9 .1
3 9 .6
3 9 .3

$ 2 .3 2
2 . 40
2 . 42
2 . 42
2 . 44
2 . 43
2 . 44
2 . 46
2 . 44
2 . 45
2 . 48
2 . 49
2 . 50
2 . 53
2 . 52

Industrial inorganic
chemicals 2
1966:
1957:

1958:

Average.................
Average________
October________
November_____
December______
January________
February______
March__________
April____________
May ___________
June_____________
July ................... ..
August --------------September_____
October_________

$ 9 5 .3 5
100 . 04

1 0 1 .5 0
1 0 2 .0 0
104 . 17
102 . 50
102 . 66
102 . 82
102 . 56
103 . 38
1 0 4 .9 6
1 0 4 .6 0
105 . 41
107 . 42
106 . 23

4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
40. 7
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
40. 7
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 0 .7

See footnotes at end of table,
491308— 59------ 9


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$ 2 . 32
2 . 44

2 .5 0
2 . .50
2 . 51
2 .5 0
2 . 51
2 .5 2
2 . 52
2 . 54
2 .5 6
2 . 57
2 . 59
2 . 62
2 . 61

Lithographing
$ 94 . 40
96 . 53

9 6 .1 9
9 5 . 80
9 6 . 53
9 4 . 87
9 6 .2 5
9 8 . 42
97 . 52
9 7 . 54
9 8 .8 1
100 . 23
100 . 61
101 . 39
9 9 . 71

4 0 .0
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
3 8 .1
3 8 .5
3 8 .9
3 8 .7
3 8 .4
3 8 .9
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
3 9 .1

$ 2 .3 6
2 . 45
2 . 46
2 . 45
2 . 45
2 . 49

2 .5 0
2 . 53
2 .5 2
2 .5 4
2 .5 4
2 .5 7
2 . 56
2 . 58
2 . 55

Alkalies and chlorine
$ 9 3 . 43

9 7 .6 8
9 8 . 09
9 9 .8 8
102 . 01
9 9 .8 8
9 9 . 38
9 9 . 38
1 0 1 .1 8
9 9 .7 0
101 . 66
103 . 53
1 0 2 .1 7
105 . 01
106 . 08

4 0 .8
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .8
40. 2
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
3 9 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .8

$ 2 .2 9

2 .4 0
2 . 44
2 . 46
2 .4 7
2 .4 6
2 . 46
2 . 46
2 . 48
2 . 48
2 .5 1
2 . 55
2 . 58
2 . 58
2 .6 0

$ 7 5 .8 9
79 . 27
8 2 . 91

8 0 .1 2
7 8 . 36
7 7 .6 0
7 7 .8 1
7 8 .7 9
7 8 .2 1
79 . 79
8 2 . 60
8 2 . 40
8 5 .0 4
8 5 .6 5
8 5 . 85

4 1 .7
4 1 .5
4 2 .3
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
4 0 .3
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 2 .1
4 2 .4
4 2 .5

$ 1 . 82

1 .9 1
1 .9 6
1 .9 4
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 . 98
2 .0 0
2 .0 0
2 .0 2
2 . 02
2 . 02

Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Total: Printing, publishing, and allied
industries
3 8 .8
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .0
3 8 .6
3 7 .7
3 7 .7
3 7 .9
3 7 .7
3 7 .6
3 7 .6
3 7 .6
3 7 .9
3 8 .0
3 7 .8

Newspapers

$ 2 . 42

$ 9 9 . 64

2 .5 0
2 .5 3
2 .5 2
2 .5 4
2 .5 4
2 . 55
2 . 56
2 .5 5
2 .5 8
2 .5 9
2 . 59
2 .6 0
2 . 62
2 .6 2

1 0 2 .0 3
103 . 46
102 . 82
1 0 5 .8 5
1 0 0 .1 0
101 . 44
1 0 1 .0 9
102 . 37
103 . 72
1 0 3 .7 2
102 . 55
1 0 3 .1 4
104 . 49
1 0 5 .1 9

3 6 .1
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 .7
3 6 .5
3 5 .0
3 5 .1
3 5 .1
3 5 .3
3 5 .4
3 5 .4
3 5 .0
3 5 .2
3 5 .3
3 5 .3

Periodicals
$ 2 .7 6
2 . 85
2 . 89

2 .8 8
2 .9 0
2 .8 6
2 .8 9
2 . 88
2 .9 0
2 .9 3
2 .9 3
2 . 93
2 .9 3
2 .9 6
2 .9 8

$ 9 6 .1 6

1 0 1 .0 5
104 . 49
101 . 77
1 0 1 .8 5
1 0 0 .4 7
9 9 .7 1
102 . 31
9 9 .0 7
9 8 .8 1
1 0 0 .2 3
103 . 62
1 0 8 .6 8
107 . 86
106 . 00

3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .5
3 9 .6
40 .1
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .3
3 9 .0
3 9 .4
4 0 .4
3 9 .8
3 9 .7

Books
$ 2 . 41
2 . 52

$ 8 3 . 84
8 4 . 35

2 .5 8
2 . 57
2 . 54
2 .5 5
2 . 55
2 .5 9
2 . 56
2 . 58
2 .5 7
2 . 63
2 .6 9
2 . 71
2 . 67

8 2 .6 8
8 2 . 89
8 4 . 67
8 5 . 06
8 4 .0 2
84 , 24
8 5 .0 2
8 5 . 58
8 5 .. 75
8 5 , 19
8 8 . 26
8 8 .5 3
8 7 . 42

Greeting cards
$ 61 . 44

6 4 .1 8
6 2 . 87
6 3 . 03
6 6 .1 8
6 7 . 61
6 8 .7 1
70 . 38
6 9 .0 9
6 8 . 53
6 6 . 39
6 3 .5 8
6 4 .0 9
6 6 . 09
6 5 . 57

3 8 .4
3 8 .2
3 8 .1
3 8 .2
38 . 7
3 8 .2
3 8 .6
3 9 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .5
3 8 .6
3 7 .4
3 7 .7
3 8 .2
3 7 .9

$ 1 .6 0
1. 68

1 .6 5
1 .6 5
1 . 71
1 .7 7
1 . 78
1 .8 0
1 . 79
1 .7 8
1 .7 2
1 . 70
1 .7 0
1 .7 3
1 .7 3

Industrial organic
chemicals 2
$ 9 2 .8 9
9 6 . 93
98 . 33
9 8 . 74
99 . 39

9 8 .1 7
9 7 . 44
9 7 .8 4
9 8 .0 0
9 8 . 98
1 0 0 .1 2
100 . 69
1 0 0 .8 5
102 . 25
1 0 2 .1 6

4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .1
40 . 1
4 0 .0
40. 4
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .9
4 0 .7

Bookbinding and
related industries
$ 7 2 .1 0
73 . 71
7 3 . 72
73 . 73
74 . 69

7 3 .1 4
72 . 95
7 3 .1 5
72 . 95
7 3 . 53
74 . 07
7 2 . 91
7 6 .4 3
7 5 .4 2
7 5 .2 0

3 9 .4
3 9 .0
3 8 .8
3 8 .2
3 8 .5
37. 7
3 7 .8
3 7 .9
3 7 .8
3 7 .9
3 7 .6
3 7 .2
3 8 .6
3 7 .9
3 7 .6

$ 9 3 . 66

2 .3 7
2 .4 1
2 . 42
2 . 43
2 .4 3
2 . 43
2 . 44
2 .4 5
2 . 45
2 .4 6
2 . 48
2 .4 9
2 . 50
2 . 51

9 9 .9 0
101 . 99
1 0 1 .7 5
100 . 94
99 . 55
9 9 . 80
100 . 45
9 9 .4 7
1 0 2 .1 8
102 . 75
102 . 31
1 0 4 .0 8
105 . 75
1 0 6 .0 8

4 2 .0
4 1 .8
4 1 .8
4 1 .7
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 0 .6
4 1 .3
4 1 .8
4 1 .6

Miscellaneous pub­
lishing and print­
ing services

$ 1 .8 3 $ 1 0 9 .0 9
1 .8 9 110 . 78

1 .9 0
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 8
1 . 99
2 .0 0

Plastics, except syn­
thetic rubber

$ 2 . 26

4 0 .5
3 9 .6
3 8 .1
3 8 .2
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 8 .9
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
38. 8
3 8 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .2

$ 2 .0 7

2 .1 3
2 . 17
2 .1 7
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 6
2 . 16
2 .1 8
2 .2 0
2 .2 1
2 .1 9
2 .2 4
2 . 23
2 .2 3

Chemicals and allied
products

Printing, publishing, and allied industries—Continued
Commercial printing

Paperboard boxes

1 1 1 .3 6
107 . 07
109 . 25
108 . 77
109 . 73
110 . 21
107 . 73
110 . 96
111 . 22
1 1 1 .3 0
1 1 2 .8 6
110 . 70
1 1 2 .3 5

$ 2 . 79

2 .8 7
2 .8 7
2 .8 4
2 .8 6
2 . 87
2 .8 8
2 . 87
2 .8 5
2 . 92
2 . 95
2 . 96
2 . 97
2 . 96
2 .9 8

Synthetic rubber

$ 2 .2 2 $ 104 . 67
2 . 39 107 . 98
2 . 44 1 0 8 .1 4
2 . 44 112 . 75
2 . 45 1 1 2 .3 4
2 . 44 109 . 62

2 .4 4
2 . 44
2 .4 5
2 . 48
2 . 50
2 .5 2
2 .5 2
2 . 53
2 .5 5

3 9 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 7 .7
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 8 .1
3 8 .4
3 7 .8
3 8 .0
3 7 .7
3 7 .6
3 8 .0
3 7 .4
3 7 .7

109.21
1 1 0 .0 3
1 0 8 .1 4
1 1 0 .0 3
1 1 2 .6 1
1 1 1 .5 2
112 . 75
1 1 3 .9 8
1 1 4 .6 7

4 1 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .5
4 1 .3
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 1 .1
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
41. 0
4 1 .1

$ 2 . 51
2 . 64
2 . 67

2 .7 3
2 . 72
2 . 70
2 . 69
2 . 71
2 .6 9
2 . 71
2 .7 4
2 . 74
2 . 75
2 .7 8
2 . 79

Total: Chemicals and
allied products
$ 8 7 .1 4
9 1 . 46
9 1 . 84
9 2 . 66

9 3 .3 4
92 . 62
9 2 . 57
9 2 .3 9
9 2 . 39
9 3 .4 3
9 4 .9 4
9 5 .0 6
9 5 .2 4
9 5 .9 4
9 5 .9 4

4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
40 . 7
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .8
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 1 .0

$ 2 . 11
2 . 22
2 . 24

2 .2 6
2 26
2 . 27
2 .2 8
2 . 27
2 .2 7
2 . 29
2 .3 1
2 . 33
2 .3 4
2 . 34
2 . 34

Synthetic fibers
$ 7 8 .0 0

8 2 .2 1
8 3 .0 1
8 3 . 41
8 4 .0 3
8 2 . 37
8 1 .3 3
8 2 . 74
8 2 . 71
8 3 . 79
8 5 .4 4
8 6 . 07
8 7 .0 8
8 6 . 46
8 4 .9 6

4 0 .0
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
4 0 .1
4 0 .4
3 9 .6
3 9 .1
3 9 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .9
4 0 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
3 9 .7

$ 1 .9 5

2 04
2 .0 7
2 . 08
2 .0 8
2 . 08
2 . 08
2 .1 0
2 . 11
2 . 10
2 .1 2
2 .1 2
2 .1 5
2 .1 4
2 .1 4

106

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

T able C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly . wkly
earn­ hours.
ings

Avg . Avg . Avg.
hrly. wkly . wkly
earn­ earn­ hours.
ings
ings

Avg . Avg . Avg. Avg . Avg .
Avg . Avg .
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly . Avg . hrly. wkly . Avg .
.
earn­ earn­ wkly
earn­ earn­ wkly . earn­ earn­ wkly .
hours
ings
ings
ings
ings hours ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly . Avg..
earn­ earn­ wkly
ings
ings hours

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Soap, cleaning and
Drugs and medicines polishing
preparations

Explosives
1956:
1957:

1958:

Average_____ .
Average. . - —
October________
November_____
December...........
January. . .
February_____
March__________
April_____ ______
May ____________
June_____________
July _____________
August_________
September_____
October________

$ 8 7 .2 9

9 3 .3 0
9 4 .4 8
9 1 .6 6
9 1 .7 7
9 0 .3 2
9 2 .9 7
9 2 .2 0
9 1 .4 9
9 2 . 75
9 5 . 65
9 5 .3 6
9 8 .1 6
9 9 .2 9
9 9 . 77

4 0 .6
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
3 9 .1
3 9 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .3
4 0 .7
3 9 .9
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 1 .4

$ 2 .1 5

$ 7 8 .5 5

2 .2 7
2 .3 1
2 .2 8
2 .3 0
2 .3 1
2 .3 3
2 .3 4
2 . 34
2 . 36
2 .3 5
2 . 39
2 .4 0
2 .4 1
2 . 41

8 2 .8 2
8 4 .0 5
8 5 .0 8
8 5 .0 8
8 5 .4 9
8 6 .1 1
8 5 .9 0
8 5 .6 8
8 4 .8 5
8 6 .1 1
8 6 . 71
8 5 . 41
8 5 . 63
8 5 .8 4

Gum and wood
chemicals
1956:
1957:

1958:

Average____ . .
Average. . ____
October________
November_____
December_____
January________
February______
March__________
April. . . _______
May ___________
June. . ________
July— ............ ..
August_________
September_____
October________

$ 7 5 .3 3
78 . 20

7 7 .9 8
7 9 .3 7
7 8 .5 8
7 9 . 90
7 8 .5 0
7 7 .8 3
8 1 .8 3
8 0 . 03
79 . 93
8 1 .4 5
8 0 . 26
8 0 . 64
7 9 . 90

4 2 .8
4 2 .5
4 1 .7
4 0 .7
4 1 .8
4 2 .5
4 1 .1
4 1 .4
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 1 .2
4 2 .2
4 1 .8
4 2 .0
4 1 .4

4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 1 .5
4 1 .1
4 1 .2
41 .1
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 1 .2
4 0 .9
4 0 .1
40. 2
4 0 .3

$ 1 .9 3

$ 9 0 . 64

2 .0 3
2 .0 5
2 .0 6
2 .0 5
2 .0 8
2 .0 9
2 .0 9
2 .1 0
2 . 09
2 .0 9
2 .1 2
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 3

9 6 .1 7
9 7 .3 4
9 7 .9 2
1 0 0 .2 8
9 8 .7 4
9 6 . 47
9 8 .9 0
9 8 .3 3
9 9 . 31
100 . 21
100 . 21
1 0 4 .1 6
1 0 5 .0 0
101 . 93

$ 6 7 .6 8

1 .8 4
1 .8 7
1 .9 5
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .9 1
1 .8 8
1 .9 3
1 .9 1
1 .9 4
1 .9 3
1 .9 2
1 . 92
1 .9 3

7 1 .8 3
7 2 .1 4
7 1 .2 1
7 2 .4 9
7 3 .2 5
7 1 .1 0
7 2 . 58
7 3 .5 2
7 8 .4 1
7 2 .5 1
7 3 .4 4
7 2 .9 2
7 5 . 54
7 4 . 52

4 2 .3
4 2 .5
4 1 .7
4 1 .4
4 1 .9
4 2 .1
4 1 .1
4 3 .2
4 3 .5
4 4 .3
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
4 1 .2
4 2 .2
4 2 .1

$ 2 .2 0
2 . 34

$ 9 8 .1 6
104 . 65

2 .3 8
2 . 40
2 .4 4
2 .4 2
2 .4 3
2 . 43
2 . 44
2 . 44
2 .4 5
2 . 45
2 . 48
2 . 50
2 .4 8

1 0 6 .3 0
1 0 7 . 27
1 1 0 .0 9
1 0 8 .0 9
1 0 4 .5 4
107 . 98
1 0 7 .4 5
1 0 8 .1 2
1 0 9 .0 6
109 . 47
1 1 3 .2 1
114 . 90
110 . 83

Vegetable and animal
oils and fats 2

Fertilizers

$ 1 .7 6

4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 1 .1

$ 1 .6 0

$ 7 4 .5 8

1 .6 9
1 .7 3
1 .7 2
1 .7 3
1 .7 4
1 .7 3
1 .6 8
1 .6 9
1 .7 7
1 . 76
1 .8 0
1 .7 7
1 .7 9
1 .7 7

7 8 .6 7
7 8 .3 2
7 9 .0 0
7 9 .1 7
8 0 .1 9
8 0 .1 5
8 1 .1 0
8 1 .7 8
8 1 .0 8
8 4 .2 9
8 4 . 24
8 3 .1 8
8 1 .9 1
8 2 . 70

4 5 .2
4 4 .7
4 5 .8
4 5 .4
4 5 .5
4 4 .8
4 3 .8
4 3 .6
4 3 .5
4 2 .9
4 3 .9
4 3 .2
4 3 .1
4 3 .8
4 6 .2

Chemicals and allied products—Continued

1958:

Average.............. ..
Average. ...............
October________
November_____
December_____
January________
February_____
March_________
April. . . .................
May ____________
June_____________
Julv ...........................
August_________
September_____
October________

$ 6 6 .3 0

6 8 .8 5
6 8 .7 1
6 9 .2 4
7 1 .8 9
7 0 .8 0
7 1 .9 4
7 1 .3 7
7 2 .5 2
7 2 . 73
7 2 .1 5
7 1 .0 4
7 1 .8 1
7 3 .1 2
7 4 . 82

3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 8 .6
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
3 8 .9
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 9 .2
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 8 .4
3 8 .4
3 9 .1
3 9 .8

$ 1 .7 0

$ 9 0 .0 9

1 .7 7
1 .7 8
1 .7 8
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
1 .8 4
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1 .8 6
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 7
1 .8 7
1 .8 8

9 5 .9 1
9 6 . 70
9 9 .2 5
9 6 .9 3
9 7 .5 8
9 7 .8 2
9 6 .1 5
9 8 .2 3
9 8 . 71
100 . 74
9 8 . 57
101 . 09
100 . 60
100 . 61

4 2 .1
4 1 .7
4 1 .5
4 1 .7
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .1
4 0 .4
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
4 1 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .6
4 1 .4
4 0 .9

4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 1 .7
4 1 .1
3 9 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 2 .4
4 2 .4
4 1 .2

$ 6 7 . 95

1 .7 6
1 .7 1
1 .7 4
1 .7 4
1 .7 9
1 .8 3
1 .8 6
1 .8 8
1 .8 9
1 .9 2
1 .9 5
1 .9 3
1 .8 7
1 .7 9

7 1 .5 2
7 2 .0 7
7 1 .9 1
7 3 .1 5
7 4 . 29
7 3 .4 8
74 . 63
7 7 .4 4
7 7 . 22
8 0 .2 9
8 0 .2 8
7 8 . 57
7 5 . 52
7 8 . 05

4 5 .0
4 4 .7
4 6 .2
4 5 .8
4 6 .3
4 5 .3
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 4 .0
4 2 .9
4 3 .4
4 2 .7
4 2 .7
4 3 .4
4 7 .3

$ 2 .1 4 $ 1 0 4 .3 9

2 .3 0
2 .3 3
2 .3 8
2 .3 7
2 .3 8
2 . 38
2 .3 8
2 .3 9
2 . 39
2 .4 1
2 . 41
2 .4 3
2 . 43
2 .4 6

1956:
1957:

1 958 :

Average. ............ ..
Average________
October. ............ ..
November_____
December. . .
January________
February. ...........
March. ..................
April__________
May ____________
June_____________
July . . . ............ ..
August_________
September_____
October________

$ 1 0 0 .9 5

1 0 6 .5 2
1 0 5 .1 8
1 0 6 .6 2
1 0 5 .8 4
9 8 .5 2
9 3 .0 2
9 8 .0 5
9 5 .6 7
99 . 48
1 0 3 .6 3
106 . 59
1 1 3 .9 6
1 1 3 .4 0
1 1 3 . 96

See footnotes at end of table


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

3 9 .9
4 0 .5
3 9 .1
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 6 .9
3 5 .1
3 7 .0
3 6 .1
3 7 .4
3 8 .1
3 8 .9
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .7

$ 2 .5 3

2 .6 3
2 .6 9
2 .7 2
2 .7 0
2 .6 7
2 . 65
2 .6 5
2 .6 5
2 . 66
2 .7 2
2 . 74
2 . 80
2 .8 0
2 . 80

Rubber footwear
$ 7 1 .8 9
7 3 . 47

7 6 .0 2
7 8 .9 6
7 9 .3 5
7 4 .8 7
7 4 .6 8
7 6 . 61
7 5 .4 6
7 5 .8 5
7 7 .2 0
7 5 .2 5
7 7 .1 8
76 . 62
77 . 39

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
3 9 .2
3 9 .1
3 9 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .4
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
4 0 .1

$ 8 6 .1 1

2 .5 4
2 .5 8
2 .6 1
2 . 64
2 . 63
2 . 64
2 . 64
2 . 64
2 . 65
2 . 66
2 . 67
2 .6 7
2 . 71
2 . 69

8 9 .3 8
9 0 .1 3
8 9 .4 7
8 9 . 47
8 9 .2 0
8 8 .9 8
8 9 .6 0
8 9 . 65
9 1 .5 8
9 5 . 57
9 5 .9 1
9 4 . 58
9 4 . 76
9 4 .4 8

4 1 .6
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
4 2 .1
4 1 .7
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 0 .9

$ 2 .0 7

$ 8 4 .0 4

2 .1 8
2 . 22
2 . 22
2 .2 2
2 .2 3
2 .2 3
2 .2 4
2 .2 3
2 .2 5
2 .2 7
2 . 30
2 . 29
2 . 30
2 .3 1

8 7 .3 3
8 7 .7 0
8 7 .4 5
8 7 .2 3
8 6 .7 6
8 6 . 76
8 7 . 60
8 7 . 42
8 9 . 76
9 3 . 91
9 3 . 63
9 1 .8 8
9 2 .2 9
9 2 . 03

1 0 8 .3 9
1 1 0 .0 3
1 1 1 .1 1
1 1 1 .3 8
1 0 9 .8 9
1 0 8 .5 3
1 0 9 .0 7
1 1 0 .9 7
1 1 0 .1 6
111 . 93
1 1 3 .1 6
110 . 29
112 . 33
109 . 87

4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 0 .4
4 0 .7
4 0 .1

$ 2 .0 3

2 .1 3
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
2 .1 8
2 .2 0
2 .2 2
2 .2 4
2 .2 3
2 .2 4
2 . 25

Miscellaneous chemi­
cals 2

$ 1 .5 1

$ 8 5 .3 5

$ 1 .8 8

$ 8 0 .3 8

1 .6 0
1 .5 6
1 .5 7
1 .5 8
1 .6 4
1 .6 7
1 .7 0
1 .7 6
1 .8 0
1 .8 5
1 . 88
1 .8 4
1 .7 4
1 .6 5

8 8 .7 5
8 9 .7 5
9 1 .3 9
8 9 .3 2
9 0 .0 0
9 1 .1 2
9 0 . 29
8 8 .1 7
8 6 . 43
8 9 .2 4
8 8 .2 7
8 8 .7 1
9 0 . 82
9 1 .4 9

1 .9 9
1 .9 9
2 .0 4
2 .0 3
2 .0 5
2 . 09
2 .0 9
2 .0 6
2 . 01
2 .0 1
2 .0 2
• 2 . 03
2 .0 5
2 . 07

8 4 .0 3
8 4 . 82
8 5 .6 3
8 6 .4 6
8 5 .6 0
8 6 .2 2
8 6 .1 8
8 6 .2 2
8 6 . 40
8 7 . 45
8 5 . 54
8 6 .9 8
8 6 .9 8
8 7 . 20

4 5 .4
4 4 .6
4 5 .1
4 4 .8
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 3 .6
4 3 .2
4 2 .8
4 3 .0
4 4 .4
4 3 .7
4 3 .7
4 4 .3
4 4 .2

4 0 .8
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
4 0 .0

$ 1 .9 7

2 .0 8
2 .1 1
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 5
2 .1 6
2 .1 7
2 .1 6
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .1 8

Rubber proc .ucts

Petroleum refining Coke, other petroleum Total: Rubber prod­
and coal products
ucts

$ 2 .5 4 $ 1 0 8 .3 9
2 . 65 112 . 88

2 .7 1
2 .7 3
2 . 73
2 . 72
2 . 72
2 . 72
2 . 74
2 . 72
2 . 73
2 .7 6
2 . 73
2 .7 6
2 . 74

4 1 .4
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
4 0 .8
4 2 .3
4 1 .8
4 1 .2
41. 2
4 0 .9

Animal oils and fats

Products of petroleum and coal

1 1 3 .3 6
1 1 5 .8 7
1 1 6 .3 1
1 1 5 .0 6
1 1 3 .2 4
1 1 4 .0 9
1 1 5 .5 9
1 1 3 .6 5
115 . 75
1 1 7 .2 6
1 1 3 .0 8
116 . 00
112 . 92

4 0 .9
4 0 .9
4 0 .2
4 0 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .1
4 0 .7
3 9 .9

Rubber products-Continued
Tires and inner tubes

Paints, pigments, and Paints, varnishes, lac­
fillers 2
quers, and enamels

$ 2 .4 0

Vegetable oils

$ 1 .6 5

Essential oils,perfumes, Compressed and lique­ Total: Products of
cosmetics
fied gases
petroleum and coal
1956:
1957:

Soap and glycerin

$ 2 .6 5

$ 9 1 .3 2

2 .7 6
2 .8 2
2 .8 4
2 . 83
2 .8 2
2 .8 1
2 .8 1
2 .8 4
2 . 82
2 .8 3
2 .8 6
2 .8 2
2 . 85
2 . 83

9 6 .0 0
9 9 .6 6
9 5 .5 1
9 4 .3 3
9 3 .0 6
9 2 .0 2
9 1 .2 5
9 4 .9 6
9 8 . 23
9 8 .7 1
9 9 .4 6
100 . 85
101 . 02
9 9 . 47

4 1 .7
4 1 .2
4 1 .7
4 0 .3
3 9 .8
3 9 .1
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
3 9 .9
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
4 1 .1
4 1 .5
4 0 .9
4 0 .6

$ 2 .1 9
2 . 33

2 .3 9
2 .3 7
2 .3 7
2 .3 8
2 .3 9
2 . 37
3 .3 8
2 .3 9
2 .3 9
2 .4 2
2 . 43
2 . 47
2 . 45

$ 8 7 .2 3

9 1 .5 3
9 3 .0 3
9 3 .2 0
9 2 .4 0
8 7 .4 8
8 5 .0 4
8 7 .0 2
8 5 .8 8
8 7 . 86
9 1 .1 0
9 1 .8 9
9 6 . 80
9 7 .5 1
9 7 . 51

4 0 .2
4 0 .5
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 8 .2
3 7 .3
3 8 .0
3 7 .5
3 8 .2
3 9 .1
3 9 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .8
4 0 .8

$ 2 .1 7

2 .2 6
2 .3 2
2 .3 3
2 .3 1
2 .2 9
2 .2 8
2 .2 9
2 .2 9
2 . 30
2 .3 3
2 . 35
2 .3 9
2 . 39
2 . 39

Leather and leather products

Other rubber products Total: Leather and Leather: tanned, cur­
leather products
ried, and finished

$ 1 .8 2

$ 7 8 .9 6

1 .8 6
1 .9 1
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 .9 3

8 2 .6 2
8 6 .1 0
8 5 .0 5
8 4 .0 3
8 0 . 94
8 0 .3 2
7 9 .8 7
7 9 .8 7
8 0 .2 9
8 3 . 77
8 2 .9 2
8 6 . 24
8 9 . 21
8 8 .5 6

4 0 .7
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
3 9 .1
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .6
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
4 0 .3
4 1 .3
4 1 .0

$ 1 .9 4

$ 5 6 .0 2

2 .0 3
2 .1 0
2 .1 0
2 .0 8
2 .0 7
2 .0 7
2 .0 8
2 .0 8
2 . 08
2 .1 1
2 .1 1
2 .1 4
2 .1 6
2 .1 6

5 7 .6 0
5 7 .0 4
5 7 .3 1
5 8 .3 4
5 8 .1 9
5 7 .4 1
5 6 .8 3
5 3 .5 4
5 5 . 42
5 7 .4 6
5 7 . 97
5 8 .1 9
5 7 . 99
5 8 .4 6

3 7 .6
3 7 .4
3 6 .8
3 6 .5
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 6 .8
3 6 .2
3 4 .1
3 5 .3
3 6 .6
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 6 .7
3 7 .0

$ 1 .4 9

$ 7 4 .2 4

1 .5 4
1 .5 5
1 .5 7
1 .5 6
1 .5 6
1 .5 6
1 .5 7
1 .5 7
1 .5 7
1 . 57
1 .5 5
1 .5 6
1 .5 8
1 .5 8

7 6 .6 4
7 7 .8 1
7 7 . 61
7 8 .8 0
7 7 .4 2
7 7 .0 2
7 5 .6 5
7 4 .6 5
7 5 .8 2
7 8 .9 8
7 6 . 40
7 8 .1 9
7 9 . 79
7 9 .3 7

3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .1
3 9 .0
3 9 .6
3 9 .1
3 8 .9
3 8 .4
3 7 .7
3 8 .1
3 9 .1
3 8 .2
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
3 9 .1

$ 1 .8 7

1 .9 5
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
2 .0 2
2 .0 0
2 .0 1
2 .0 2
2 . 03

Industrial leather
belting and packing
$ 7 3 .7 1
7 7 . 27

7 7 .9 0
7 8 .3 4
7 6 .7 6
7 5 .4 3
7 1 .2 5
7 2 .5 8
6 9 .1 9
7 0 . 87
7 3 .7 3
7 4 .3 1
7 6 .8 2
7 8 . 21
7 9 .1 7

4 0 .5
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
3 9 .7
3 7 .7
3 8 .4
3 7 .0
3 7 .3
3 8 .2
3 8 .5
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
4 0 .6

$ 1 .8 2

1 .8 8
1 .9 0
1 .9 2
1 .9 0
1 .9 0
1 .8 9
1 .8 9
1 .8 7
1 .9 0
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 8
1 .9 5

ior

C.—EARRINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn­ hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings hours
ings

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Year and month

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings
ings hours

Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn­ earn­ wkly.
ings hours
ings

Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wklg. wkly.
earn­ earn­ hours
ings
ings

Avg.
hrly.
earn­
ings

Manufacturing—Continued

Transportation and
public utilities

Nondurable goods—Continued

Transportation

Leather and leather products—Continued

1956: Average_____
1957: Average..........
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February____
M arch______
April...............
M ay________
June................
July------------August______
September___
October_____

Handbags and small Gloves and miscella­
Boot and shoe cut
Footwear (except
Luggage
neous leather goods
leather goods
stock and findings
rubber)
37.5 $1.36 $48. 47 37.0 $1.31
$53. 63 37.5 $1.43 $53. 57 37.2 $1.44 $62. 88 39.3 $1.60 $51.00
1.42 49. 59 36.2
37.8
1.37
1.47 55.13
1. 49 62. 43 38.3
1.63 53.68
55.42
37.7
37.0
1.42 49. 78 36.6
1.36
1.49 54.15
1.65 54.10
38.1
36.1
37.7
1.50 62.21
37.1
55.28
1.44 48. 37 34.8
1.66 56.16
1.39
36.3
35.7
37.3
39.0
1.51 53. 91
1. 51 61.92
54.81
1.42 48.69
1.66 54. 95 38.7
35.8
1.36
36.9
36.9
38.3
1.50 55.35
1.50 61.25
57. 45
1.45 49. 32
36.0
1.69 54. 67 37.7
1.37
1.51 56. 62 33.5
1.50 56.17
37.2
37.7
56. 55
1.45 50. 46 36.3
1.69 55.83
38.5
36.4
35.1
1.39
1.51 59.32
55.65
37.1
1. 50 54.96
1.45 50.40
1.52 60.29
1.67 56.12
38.7
36.0
35.8
1.50 53. 96 35.5
36.1
1.40
53.70
36.2
1.45 50.34
1.68 52. 49
35.7
1.41
32.9
1. 51 62. 33 37.1
1. 52 49.68
34.8
52.90
36.2
1.44 49. 98 35.7
1.66 52.13
1. 40
34.4
1.51 63.25
38.1
36.4
1.51 51.94
54.96
1.39
1.66 53.36
36.8
1.45 50.04
36.0
1.50 54.36
1.51 63. 91 38.5
38.1
36.0
57.15
1.44 50. 26
1.69 53. 42 37.1
35.9
37.2
39.1
1.40
1.50 66.08
1. 50 55.80
56. 85 37.9
1.44 50.40
38.4
36.0
1.40
1.66 55.30
36.9
1.50 55.57
36.8
1.51 66. 07 39.8
55.35
1.45 49.62
35.7
1.39
1.66 54.96
37.9
1. 50 54.93
35.9
1. 53 66. 57 40.1
36.3
54.45
1.64 58.15
1.45 50. 87 36.6
40.1
1.39
1.49 55. 08 36.0
1.53 64. 94 39.6
36.5
54.39
Transportation and public utilities—Continued

1956: Average_____
1957: A veratre.....
October_____
November___
December___
1958: Januarv
February____
M arch______
April . _ .
M ay____ _
June________
July------------August______
September___
October_____

41.7
41.7
42.2
40.9
40.8
41.6
41.5
40.1
41.4
41.2
41.3
42.5
41.2
42.2

$2.12
2.26
2.25
2. 40
2. 40
2. 38
2. 44
2. 40
2. 39
2. 43
2.45
2. 43
2.45
2.45

Total: Gas and elec­
Switchboard operat­
Line construction
Local railways and
Telegraph 8
Telephone
tric utilities
employees 1
ing employees 8
buslines
41.2 $2.22
42.0 $1.97 $91.46
39.5 $1.86 $60.70
37.7 $1.61 $101. 36 43.5 $2. 33 $82. 74
$84.48
43.1 $1.96 $73.47
2.33
40.9
41.8
1.69 102.48
42.7
2. 40 87. 36
2.09 95.30
37.1
39.0
1.95 62.70
2.05 76.05
88. 56 43.2
2. 38
2. 43 87.15
41.5
1.70 104.00
2.10 97. 58 41.0
42.8
39.2
1.97 63. 41 37.3
2. 07 77.22
43.0
89.01
2.38
2.44 85. 69
41.0
1.69 104. 92 43.0
2.09 97. 58 41.0
1.98 62. 87 37.2
42.9
40.0
2.07 79.20
88.80
2.40
2. 47 85. 89 40.9
1.73 105.22
2.10 98. 88 41.2
42.6
35.9
2. 08 77. 59 38.6
2.01 62.11
89.65
43.1
2. 39
40.8
1.73 102.09
41.5
2. 46 85.90
41.1
2.09 97. 51
35.3
38.0
2.01 61.07
42.6
2. 08 76.38
88. 61
2.41
41.0
1.74 101. 76 41.2
2. 47 86.10
41.0
2.10 98. 81
36.3
38.2
2. 09 76.78
2.01 63.16
88. 83 42.5
2.42
40.4
1.74 102.18
2.48 86.52
41.2
41.2
2.10 97.77
35.2
2.09 76. 36
42.6
37.8
2.02 61.25
89.03
2.44
41.4
40.8
1.74 101. 84 40.9
2.49 87. 35
2.11 99. 55
35.3
37.7
2.03 61.42
42.7
2.11 76. 53
90.10
2. 43
40.5
2. 50 89. 04 42.0
2.12 98.42
1. 77 101. 75 40.7
2. 04 63.01
35.6
2.10 77.11
37.8
90. 30 43.0
2.46
40.7
2. 54 91.34
1.75 104. 90
41.9
2.18 100.12
41.3
36.2
2.12 78.31
38.2
2.05 63.35
43.0
91.16
2. 46
40.7
2. 56 91.76
41.9
1.75 107. 01
41.8
2.19 100.12
2.06 63.88
36.5
2.13 79.31
38.5
42.9
91.38
2.47
40.9
2. 57 91. 78 42.1
1.76 106. 91
41.6
2.18 101.02
38.6
2.07 64. 77 36.8
42.9
2.12 79.90
90.95
2.49
40.9
2. 58 93. 63 41.8
2.24 101. 84
41.9
37.4
1.77 108.10
39.0
2.08 66.20
42.4
2.14 81.12
90.74
2. 51
2.59 93.41
40.9
2. 24 102.66
41.8
41.7
1.78 108.26
2.14 81. 51
39.0
2.09 66. 57 37.4
42.7
91.38
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Retail trade

Other public utilities—Continued
Electric light and
power utilities
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
February __
March______
April....... ........
M ay........... _
June________
July------------August______
September___
October_____

$88. 40
94.24
94.95
98.16
97.92
99. 01
101. 26
96.24
98.95
100.12
101.19
103. 28
100.94
103. 39

Other public utilities

Communication

Transportation—Con.

Class I railroads *

$93. 38
97.06
98. 64
99. 29
99.95
98. 98
99.14
99.80
100.45
99. 72
101.68
101. 68
102. 59
102. 66
103. 22

41.5
41.3
41.1
41.2
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.8

$2.25 $86. 30
2. 35 90.13
2.40 93.07
2.41 93. 25
2.42 94. 58
2.42 92. 80
2.43 96.05
2. 44 93.15
2. 45 92.46
2. 45 92.23
2.48 93.67
2.48 93.90
2.49 94.60
2. 51 96.12
2. 53 98.12

Department stores
and general mail­
order houses
35.6
1956: Average_____ $48. 77
1957: Average_____ 50. 26 34.9
34.2
49.93
October_____
34.3
November___ 49.39
52. 54 37.0
December___
1958: January_____ 50. 57 34.4
February........ 50. 52 34.6
35.0
51.10
M arch______
34.8
April________ 51.50
35.0
M ay________ 52.15
35.5
June...... ......... 53.61
35.7
July------------- 53. 91
35.5
August______ 53.25
35.1
September___ 52. 65
34.9
52. 35
October_____
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Electric light and
gas utilities combined

Gas utilities
40.9
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.3
40.7
41.4
40.5
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.9
41.4

$2.11
2.22
2. 27
2.28
2. 29
2.28
2. 32
2. 30
2.30
2. 30
2. 33
2. 33
2. 33
2.35
2.37

Food and liquor
stores

$1.37 $63.38
1.44 65.50
1.46 65.34
1.44 65. 52
1.42 65.52
1.47 65.70
1.46 65.87
1.46 65.87
1.48 66.23
1.49 66. 42
1.51 68.08
1.51 69. 56
1.50 69. 38
1.50 68.44
1.50 68.04

37.5
36.8
36.1
36.0
30.2
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.6
36.0

$93.11
97.10
99.80
99.80
100. 86
100. 21
100. 86
98.85
103. 48
102. 97
103.63
103. 38
103.94
105.93
105. 71

41.2
40.8
40.9
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.0
39.7
40.9
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.9
40.5

$2.26 $81.20
2. 38 84.42
2.44 85.63
2. 44 85.60
2.46 86.46
2. 45 85.41
2. 46 85. 57
2. 49 85.79
2. 53 85.14
2. 53 86. 40
2.54 87.42
2.54 88.26
2. 56 87.64
2. 59 88.66
2. 61 87.85

Automotive and ac­
cessories dealers

$1.69 $81. 28
1.78 83.22
1.81 82.84
1.82 82.65
1.81 82.16
1.83 82.34
1.84 80.54
1.84 81.28
1.85 81.72
1.85 83.66
1.86 84.10
1.86 84. 53
1.86 8-4.73
1.87 83. 47
1.89 83.03

43.7
43.8
43.6
43.5
43.7
43.8
43.3
43.7
43.7
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.9
43.7
43.7

Wholesale trade
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.0
40.4
40.1
39.8
39.9
39.6
40.0
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.3
40.3

$2.01
2.10
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.18
2. 20
2.18

Apparel and acces­
sories stores

$1.86 $47. 54
1.90 49.13
1.90 49.30
1.90 49.25
1.88 50.62
1.88 50.81
1.86 50.26
1.86 49.19
1.87 50.08
1.91 50. 72
1.92 51.01
1.93 51.25
1.93 50. 69
1.91 50.86
1.90 50.76

34.7
34.6
34.0
34.2
35.4
34.8
34.9
34.4
34.3
34.5
34.7
35.1
35.2
34.6
34.3

$1.37
1.42
1.45
1.44
1.43
1.46
1.44
1.43
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.44
1.47
1.48

Retail trade (except General merchandise
eating and drinking
stores
places)
35.0 $1.24
$60. 60 38.6 $1.57 $43.40
34.5
1.30
1.64 44.85
62.48
38.1
1.32
1.67 44. 48 33.7
37.6
62.79
33.7
1.31
37.5
1.66 44.15
62.25
1.28
36.0
1.63 46.08
62.43
38.3
1.35
1.68 45. 77 33.9
63. 50 37.8
1.34
34.1
1.68 45.69
37.8
63.50
1.33
34.4
37.8
1.67 45.75
63.13
1.34
34.2
1.68 45.83
37.8
63.50
1.35
1.69 46. 31 34.3
63.88
37.8
1.37
34.8
38.2
1.70 47.68
64.94
1.37
38.7
1.71 48. 22 35.2
66.18
1.35
1.71 47. 52 35.2
66.18
38.7
1.36
34.5
1. 71 46.92
38.0
64.98
1.35
34.3
1.71 46. 31
64.64
37.8
Other retail trade
Furniture and appli­
ance stores
$69.30
42.0 $1.65
71.23
1.70
41.9
1.72
41.7
71.72
1.71
41.9
71.65
1.74
42.6
74.12
1.72
41.7
71.72
1.67
41.6
69.47
1.66
41.5
68.89
1.65
41.8
68.97
1. 69
70. 98 42.0
1.72
41.9
72.07
1.72
42.1
72. 41
1.76
73. 57 41.8
1. 75
41.7
72.98
41.7
1.77
73. 81

Lumber and hard­
ware supply stores
$72. 68 42.5 $1.71
1.77
42.2
74.69
1.79
42.4
75.90
1.79
41.6
74.46
1.78
41.8
74.40
1.79
41.3
73.93
1.79
73. 03 40.8
41.3
1.80
74. 34
1.81
41.6
75. 30
1.84
77. 83 42.3
1.82
42.5
77. 35
1. 83
77. 96 42.6
1.84
78. 94 42.9
1.85
79. 18 42.8
1.86
42.8
79. 61

108

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

T able

C -l.

Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry
Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
hours

Avg.
hrly.
earnings

Finance, insurance, and
real estate 8

Year and month

Banks
and
trust
companics
$61.97
64.21
64. 74
64. 64
65.15
65. 56
65. 60
65. 53
65. 60
65.72
65. 56
65.93
65.80
65. 98
66. 56

1956: Average.........
1957: Average____
October____
November__
December___
1958: January____
February___
M arch______
April_______
M ay_______
June_______
July-----------August_____
September__
October ___

Security
dealers
and exchanges

$97. 56
98. 77
97. 70
98.99
98.00
98.19
97. 77
95. 65
98.64
103.60
105. 42
106.21
107. 55
108. 04
111.87

C-2.

Avg.
wkly.
hours

Avg.
hrly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
hours

Avg.
hrly.
earnings

Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Service and miscellaneous
Personal services

Insurance
carriers

Hotels, year-round 10
Laundries

$77. 49
80. 73
80. 77
81.02
81.78
82.12
82.68
$2. 60
82 38
82. 59
82. 86
83. 00
83. 49
83.19
83.18

$42.13
43. 52
44.00
44.40
44.69
44. 40
44. 58
44. 29
44.29
44.80
45. 31
45. 60
44. 91
45. 09
45. 77

40.9
40.3
40.0
40.0
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.0
40. 1
39.9
39.8

$1. 03
1.08
1.10
1. 11
1.12
1.11
1.12
1. 11
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1. 12
1.13
1.15

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of these series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
In addition, hours and earnings data for anthracite mining have been
revised from January 1953 and are not comparable with those published in
issues prior to August 1958.
For mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants
data, refer to production and related workers: for contract construction, to
construction workers; and for the remaining industries, unless otherwise
noted, to nonsupervisory workers and working supervisors.
Data for the latest month are preliminary.
2 Italicized titles which follow are components of this industry.
8 Averages shown for 1956 are not strictly comparable with those for later
years.
* Data beginning with January 1958 are not strictly comparable with those
shown for earlier years.
8 Figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal com­
panies) are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who
received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assist­
ants (ICO Group I),

T able

Avg.
wkly.
earnings

Con.

$42. 32
43. 27
43. 73
43. 29
43. 85
43. 68
43. 23
43. 68
44. 30
44. 75
45. 37
45. 26
44, 80
44.80
44.92

40.3
39.7
39. 4
39.0
39.5
39.0
38.6
39.0
39.2
39. 6
39.8
39.7
39.3
39.3
39.4

Cleaning and dyeing plants
$1.05
1.09
1.11
1.11
1.11
1. 12
1.12
1. 12
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14

$49. 77
50. 57
51.35
49. 78
50.30
49. 27
47.09
49. 53
50. 70
52. 40
53. 47
51.07
49. 48
51.34
52. 93

39. 5
38.9
38.9
38.0
38.4
37.9
36. 5
38. 1
38. 7
39. 7
39.9
38.4
37. 2
38.6
39.5

Motion
picture
production and
distribu tion

$1. 26
1. 30
1.32
1. 31
1.31
1.30
1. 29
1. 30
1. 31
1. 32
1.34
1.33
1.33
1. 33
1. 34

$91. 66
99. 48
103. 02
100. 73
103. 67
97. 43
98. 79
97.84
95. 43
96.26
96. 55
97.10
97. 67
100.62
102. 75

8 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. In 1957, such employees made up 39 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees In establishments reporting
hours and earnings data.
7 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1957, such employees made
up 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establish­
ments reporting hours and earnings data.
8 Data relate to domestic nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
8 Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings data are not available.
10 Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for Class I railroads (see footnote 5).

Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing
industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars 1
1958

Item

Annual
average

1957

Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Gross average weekly earnings:
Current dollars........... ..........
1947-49 dollars- _________

84.96
68.68

85. 39
69.03

$84.35
68.19

$83. 50
67.39

$83.10
67.18

$82. 04
66.38

$80. 81
65. 43

$81.45
66.06

$80. 64
65. 83

$81.66
66. 77

$82. 74
68.04

$82. 92
68.19

Net spendable average weekly
earnings:
Worker with no dependents:
Current dollars_________
1947-49 dollars_________
Worker with 3 dependents:
Current dollars_____
1947-49 dollars ________

69. 63
56.29

69. 97
56. 56

69.14
55.89

68. 46
55. 25

68.14
55.08

67.29
54.44

66. 30
53.68

66. 81
54.18

66.17
54. 02

66. 98
54. 77

67. 85
55.80

67. 99
55. 91

67. 70
55.90

67. 57
56. 21

65 86
56.68

77.08
62.31

77.43
62.59

76.58
61.91

75. 88
61. 25

75. 55
61.08

74.68
60.42

73. 67
59. 65

74. 20
60.18

73. 54
60.03

74.37
60. 81

75. 26
61.89

75. 40
62.01

75.11
62.02

74. 97
62. 37

73. 22
63.01

Oct.

1957

1956

Manufacturing

* For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Net spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, Federal social security and Income taxes for
which the worker is liable. The amount of tax liability depends, of course,
on the number of dependents supported by the worker as well as on the level
of his gross income. Net spendable earnings have been computed for 2 types
of income-receivers: (1) a worker with no dependents; (2) a worker with 3
dependents. The primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring
relative changes in disposable earnings for 2 types of income receivers.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$82. 56 $82. 39
68.18 68. 54

$79. 99
68.84

The computations of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross aver­
age weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing without
direct regard to marital status, family composition, or other sources of
income.
Gross and net spendable average weekly earnings expressed in 1947-49
dollars indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings after adjust­
ment for changes in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s Con­
sumer Price Index.
1 Preliminary.
Source- U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C-3.

109

Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Industry
N ov.2 O ct.2 Sept.
Total................................................................
M in in g ...........................................................
Contract construction..................... .............
M anufacturing_______________________
Durable goods_____ ______ __________
Ordnance and accessories___________
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_____________________
Furniture and fixtures._____ ______
Stone, clay, and glass products............
Primary metal industries........ ...............
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)___________
Machinery (except electrical)................
Electrical machinery....... .......................
Transportation equipment__________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries________________________ _
Nondurable goods...................................
Food and kindred products_________
Tobacco manufactures___
Textile-mill products..............................
Apparel and other finished textile
products______________________
Paper and allied products______ _____
Printing, publishing and allied industries....................................................
Chemicals and allied products...............
Products of petroleum and coal______
Rubber products___________________
Leather and leather products.................

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

93.9
68.7
128.1
90.6
93.7
300.9

90.9
65.1
122.7
88.1
91.3
297.9

89.0
64.5
109.1
87.8
91.6
303.9

89.9
67.0
98.9
90.2
94.4
298.2

89.7
69.3
85.9
91.5
95.7
294.4

93.9
72.6
102.4
94.1
99.5
302.2

99.7
76.9
112.9
99.3
105.7
305. 5

102.0
76.1
120.2
101.1
108.3
304.3

105.6
81.4
127.3
104.1
112.9
339.4

109.9
83.8
135.0
108.1
117.3
378.8

97.7
68.7
123.0
96.0
100.3
314.9

97.7
99.6
68.1
68.3
135. 2 136.1
94.3
96. 5
95.9
98.6
296.2 305.0

97.3 93.8
67.4 66.1
137. 9 132.1
93.5 90.2
94.0 92.0
293.5 295.1

75.9
106.0
99.6
89.0

79.9
106.6
97.7
86.2

79.8
105.1
101.9
86.3

77.4
100.7
99.3
81.9

73.6
91.9
95.6
80.6

76.7
92.1
94.9
81.1

70.3
88.7
91.0
77.1

66.2
89.0
88.9
77.2

65.6
92.7
89.2
81.0

65.4
93.7
89.2
82.7

66.4
95.1
93.0
87.8

70.1
101.9
98.9
94.3

72.9
103.1
102.8
97.0

76.6
103.9
104.5
105.4

88.1
107.7
109.6
110.6

106.1
87.7
121.6
119.8
109.0

103.1
86.2
116.1
98.1
107.7

107.0
86.9
120.0
108.7
106.5

101.3 97.3
83.2 84.3
113.6 109.0
103.2 105. 0
102.0 100.2

98.3
86.7
110.6
107.7
101.9

94.6
87.5
109.1
107.1
101.3

94.8
89.9
110.9
108.3
104.0

98.0
92.9
114.3
113. 5
105.4

99.8
93.7
116.7
116.5
106.8

105.1
97.1
120.9
122.9
109.5

111.8
100.7
127.2
133.4
112.9

115.3
101.1
131.0
135.5
114.9

115.9
111.0
134.0
139.6
117.5

116.6
116.5
138.5
138.5
121.1

97.9
90.9
84.8
76.9
73.2

100.7
92.4
90.3
90.4
72.8

98.9
94.0
98.1
95.8
71.8

88.0
88.0
89.2
68.3
67.5

90.9
87.0
84.7
69.1
68.0

88.3
84.3
78.7
67.1
65.3

88.6
83.3
75.4
66.1
64.5

90.1
85.2
74.7
68.4
66.8

89.7
86.6
75.5
74.5
68.0

89.4
87.8
77.8
81.2
68.1

95.6
91.7
83.6
86.0
72.5

103.0
92.4
86.4
81.5
72.7

101.2
93.7
86.4
80.8
74.7

105.9
97.0
90.6
86.4
80.6

99.6
111.6

100.9
111.7

101.2
112.2

101.1 94.1
110.3 105.5

92.4
106.4

91.3
104.0

90.5
104.5

94.0
105.8

98.2
105.9

96.7
108.2

98.7
112.0

100.4
112.7

102.0
113.9

104.1
116.4

109.4
100. 7
81.7
99.6
88.5

110.2
100.6
81.8
99.1
85.8

110.0
99.2
85.0
96.2
86.8

108.5 106.6
97.2 95.7
84.3 85.5
92.1 86.1
88.8 87.2

107.6
97.2
85.8
86.3
84.8

107.3
98.6
84.5
82.7
78.3

108.4
100.0
84.1
83.0
75.3

109. 5
100.0
83.2
87.8
85.3

108.7
99.6
83.9
89.7
88.6

109.5
101.5
86.2
96.5
88.8

113.5
104.1
88.2
104.3
89.8

112.2
104.4
89.3
105.1
87.7

112.4
106.2
91.1
104.8
90.8

112.7
108.3
93.8
106.7
93.9

93.6
92.8
97.0
84.1
70.6

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
J.VOO,

1 Preliminary.

iu u u ju ic i , ta u ic

For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related
workers; for contract construction, to construction workers.

T able C-4.

Source:

u.

S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Activity
N ov.2 Oct. 2 Sept.
Mining
Contract construction

..........

Manufacturing___ ____________________
■See footnote 1, table C-3.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

157.2

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

104. 9

105. 5

103.6 101.8

106.2

99.0

98.2

103. 6

108 0

112 5

no

2

117 fi

124 3

121 fi

230. 5

232.9

232.8 223.1

213.3

205.1

183.2

166.3

145. 5

172 8

188. 9

2fifì 2

2fi7 1

907 7

152.2

155.7

150.0 144.8

144.9

140.9

139. 6

143.6

144.9

149.9

157.3

160.7

162.7

161.4

* Preliminary.

Soubce: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

110
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

C-5.

Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu­
facturing, by major industry group 1
Ex­
Ex­
Ex­
Ex­
Ex­
Ex­
Ex­
Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross cluding Gross
over­
over­
over­
over­
over­
over­
over­
time 2
time 2
time 2
time 2
time 2
time 2
time 2

Year and month

Durable goods
Total: Manu­
facturing

1956: Average.........
1957: A verage..---October. ---November__
December___
1958: January------February----March............
A p ril........... M ay...............
June________
July---- ------A ugust-------September—
October3____

$1.98
2.07
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.14

$1.91
2.01
2.03
2. 05
2.05
2. 06
2. 06
2. 07
2.07
2.07
2.07
2. 08
2.07
2.08
2.08

Total: Durable
goods
$2.10
2.20
2.23
2. 24
2.24
2.24
2. 24
2. 25
2.25
2. 26
2. 27
2. 28
2. 29
2. 30
2.29

$2.03
2.14
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2. 20
2.21
2. 21
2. 21
2. 22
2.23
2. 23
2. 24
2.23

Ordnance and
accessories
$2.19
2. 34
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.44
2. 44
2. 45
2. 46
2.46
2. 48
2. 48
2.48
2. 50
2. 50

$2.12
2.28
2.35
2.36
2. 37
2.38
2.38
2. 39
2.40
2. 41
2. 43
2.42
2. 42
2. 43
2. 43

Lumber and
wood products
(except furni­
ture)
$1. 76
1.81
1.84
1.84
1.83
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.84
1.88
1.88
1.89
1.91
1.94
1.93

$1.69
1.75
1.78
1.78
1.78
1. 75
1.77
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.81
1.83
1.83
1.86
1.85

Furniture and
fixtures
$1.69
1.75
1.77
1.76
1.77
1. 76
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.78
1.77
1.78
1.80
1.79

$1.64
1.70
1.71
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1. 74
1. 74
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73

Stone, clay, and Primary metal
glass products
industries
$1.96
2.05
2. 09
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.09
2.09
2.09
2. 09
2.10
2.11
2.13
2.16
2.11

$1.88
1.98
2.01
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.02
2.03
2. 04
2. 05
2.07
2.03

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except electrical)
1956: Average------1957: Average------October.
November__
December___
1958: January------February___
March__
April_______
M ay...............
Ju n e ..............
July.............. August_____
September—
October3____

Ex­
cluding
over­
time 2

$2. 21
2. 30
2.33
2.33
2.34
2. 34
2.35
2.36
2.36
2. 37
2.38
2. 38
2. 38
2.39
2.40

$2.12
2. 23
2.27
2. 28
2.29
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.33
2. 33
2.33
2. 34
2.35

Electrical
machinery
$1.98
2. 07
2.08
2.10
2. 11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.16
2.15

$1.92
2.02
2.04
2.06
2. 08
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.10
2.10
2.10

Transportation
equipment
$2.31
2.41
2. 47
2.50
2. 48
2.46
2.46
2.47
2. 47
2. 49
2.50
2.53
2. 55
2. 55
2. 55

$2.23
2.35
2. 40
2.41
2.42
2.41
2. 42
2.43
2. 44
2. 45
2. 46
2. 48
2. 48
2. 49
2.48

$2.29
2. 44
2. 50
2.50
2. 51
2.52
2. 53
2. 54
2. 54
2. 55
2.57
2. 64
2. 65
2.67
2.68

$2.07
2.18
2.22
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.27
2. 28
2. 29
2.29
2.28

$2.00
2.11
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2. 21
2.21
2.22
2. 22
2.22
2.21

Nondurable goods

Instruments
and related
products
$2.01
2.11
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
2. 20
2. 21
2.22
2. 21

$2. 36
2.50
2. 55
2. 54
2. 55
2. 56
2.56
2.57
2. 58
2.58
2. 61
2. 68
2. 70
2.73
2. 74

Fabricated
metal products

$1.96
2.06
2.08
2. 08
2.09
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.16

Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
$1.75
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.85
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.85

$1.69
1.76
1. 75
1.77
1.78
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.80
1. 79
1.79

Total Nondurable goods

Food and kindred products

$1.80
1.88
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.93
1.95
1.95

$1.83
1.93
1.94
1.96
1.97
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2. 01
2.01
1.99
1.97
1.99
2.01

$1.75
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.88
1.89
1.89

$1.76
1.86
1.87
1.89
1.90
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.95
1.94
1.92
1.89
1.91
1.93

Tobacco manufactures
$1.44
1. 52
1.46
1.54
1.54
1.56
1.56
1.59
1.65
1. 66
1.67
1. 66
1.59
1.50
1.53

$1.42
1.50
1.44
1.51
1.51
1.53
1.55
1.58
1.62
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.55
1.48
1.51

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average____
1957: Average____
O c to b e r_ . . .
November__
December___
1958: January____
February___
March______
April_______
M ay_______
J une_______
J u l y .............
August __
September—
October3------

$1.45
1.50
1.51
1.61
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1. 50
1.51
1. 50
1.51
1. 51
1.52

$1.40
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1. 46
1.47
1.47

Apparel and
Paper and
Printing, pub- Chemicals and
other finished allied products lishing, and al- allied products
textile products
lied industries 4
$1.45
1.49
1.49
1. 50
1.50
1.51
1.50
1.49
1.50
1. 50
1. 50
1.50
1.52
1. 53
1. 53

$1. 43
1.47
1.47
1.48
1. 48
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.48
1. 48
1.48
1. 48
1. 49
1. 50
1. 50

$1.94
2.04
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14

$1.84
1.94
1.98
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.99
2.00
2. 01
2.01
2. 02
2.03
2. 03
2.03
2.03

$2.42
2.50
2. 53
2. 52
2. 54
2. 54
2. 55
2. 56
2.55
2. 58
2. 59
2. 59
2. 60
2.62
2.62

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
2Derived by assuming that the overtime hours shown in table C-6 are paid
or at the rate of time and one-half.
2 Preliminary.
4 Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, are not available separately


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$2.11
2.22
2.24
2. 26
2.26
2. 27
2. 28
2 27
2.27
2 29
2.31
2. 33
2. 34
2. 34
2.34

$2 Ofi
2.16
2.18
2.20
2. 21
2 22
2 23
2 22
2 22
2 24
2 26
2.28
2. 28
2.28
2.27

Products of
petroleum and
coal
$2 fi4
2 fifi
2 71
2. 73
2. 73
2 72
2 72
2 72
2 74
2 72
2. 73
2. 76
2 73
2.76
2.74

$2 47
2 fiO

Rubber products
no

$9 17

89

2

2.67
2. 68

2 26
2 3?
¿ 33
2.31

2 68

2 28

2 23
i . 25
2.25
2 25
2 94

2 30
2 33

2 2fi
2 2fi
2 2fi

2 fifi

2 68

2 fi8

2 fiO
2 fi7
2 68

2.70
2 67
2. 70
2.69

9 9Q

2 9Q
2 20

18

9 9 fi

2 .3 5

2.28

2 .3 9
2 .3 9

2 31
2.30

2 30

2 30

Leather and
leather products
$1 49
1 54
1 55

$1 47
1 52
1 53

1 .5 7

1 .5 4
1 .5 3

1.56
1 56
1 fifi
1 $7

1 fi7

1 fi7

1 fi7
L 55
1 fifi
1. 58
1.58

1 54
1 54
1 55
1 56
1 fi5
1 55
L 53
1 54
1.56
1.55

for the printing, publishing, and allied industries group, as graduated over­
time rates are found to an extent likely to make average overtime pay signif­
icantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the industry in the
nondurable-goods total has little effect.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

111

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

Table C-6.

Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manu­
facturing, by major industry group 1
Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Gross

Over­
time 2

Durable goods
Year and month

1956: Average.........
1957: Average_____
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January____
February___
March______
April_______
M ay_______
J u n e ______
July....... ........
August- ___
September__
October3____

Total manufacturine

40.4
39.8
39.5
39.3
39.4
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.3
38.7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.7

2.8
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.4

Total: Durable
goods
41.1
40.3
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40.2
40.0

3.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.3

Ordnance and
accessories

41.8
40.8
39.9
40.0
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
41.1

2.9
2.0
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.3

Lumber and
wood products
(except furniture)
40.3
39.8
40.2
39.1
39.0
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.6
40.5
39.3
40. 7
41.3
41.1

3.3
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.7
3.7

Furniture and
fixtures
40.8
40.0
40.7
39.7
39.9
38.5
38.4
38.6
38.0
37.8
38.8
38.9
40.5
41.0
41.1

2.8
2.3
2.6
2.2
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.0
3.0

Stone, clay, and Prim ary metal
industries
glass products

41.1
40.5
40.5
40.1
39.8
39.2
38.6
39.1
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0

3.6
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.4

1956: Average____
1Q57: A verage____
October ___
November__
December___
1958: January____
February.. —
M arch
April
M ay

June
July
August
September
October3____

Electrical
machinery

42.2
41.0
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.3
39. 4
39.6
39.4
39. 4
40.0
39.7

40.8
40.1
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.4
39.9

3.7
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1. 5
1.5
1.8
1.8

2.6
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.0

Transportation
equipment
40.9
40.4
39.5
40.6
40.2
38.8
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.6
39.4

2.9
2.4
2.2
3.0
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
2.1
2.0
2.1

Instruments
and related
products
40.8
40.3
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.7
39.8
40.3
40.4

2.8
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.5

41.2
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.3
38.9
39.2
38.9
39.4
40.0
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.8

3.0
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.6

Nondurable goods

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except electrical)

40.9
39.5
38.5
38.2
38.1
37.2
36.8
37.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.5
39.1
38.9

Fabricated
metal products

2.3
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.8

Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
40.3
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.0
39.2
39.0
39. 1
39.5
39.2
39.5
40.1
40.2

2.6
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.5

Total Nondurable goods

39.5
39.1
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.3
38.1
38.1
37.7
38.1
38.7
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.3

2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.5

Food and kindred products
41.0
40. 5
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.1
39.7
39.6
39.7
40.2
40.7
41.2
41.4
41.6
40.7

3.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.2
3. 5
3.3

Tobacco manufactures

38.9
38.6
38.3
37.4
39.1
39.0
37.9
37.1
38.0
38.7
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.1
39.1

1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1. 4
li

.7
.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.0

Nondurable goods—Continued

Textile-mill
products
IQSfi* Average
1957! Average
October
November__
December __
1958* January __
February
M arch

April

Tnnp
.Tilly

August

Septem ber

October3____

39.6
38.9
39.1
38.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6
37. 3
38.4
38.6
39.2
39.7
40.0

2.6
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.7

Printing, pubApparel and
other finished Paper and allied fishing, and allied industries
products
textile products
36.3
36.0
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.5
34.8
35.0
35.6
36.4
36.1
36.0

1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
.9
.8
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
1.0

1.3
1.3
1.3

42.8
42.3
42.4
41.9
41.9
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.8
41.9
42.5
42.7
42.6

4.6
4.3
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.4

4.5
4.5

38.8
38.5
38.4
' 38.0
38.6
37.7
37.7
37.9
37.7
37.6
37.6
37.6
37.9
38.0
37.8

i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
* Covers premium overtime hours of production and related workers during
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Overtime hours are
those for which premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the
number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend


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3.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2 .2
2.6

2.7
2.6

Chemicals and
allied products
41.3
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.3
40.8
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.0

2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2

2.3

Products of
petroleum and
coal
41.1
40.9
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.5
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.4
40.7
40.1

2.0
1.9
1.8
1.9
1. 5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.5

Rubber products
40.2
40.5
40.1
40.0
40.0
38.2
37.3
38.0
37.5
38.2
39.1
39.1
40. 5
40.8
40.8

2.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
2. 2
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.5
2.4
2.2

3.0
3,0
3.1

Leather and
leather produc ts
37.6
37.4
36.8
36.5
37.4
37.3
36.8
36.2
34.1
35.3
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.7
37.0

1.4
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1 .0
.6
.8
.9
1 .0

1.2
1.2
1.3

and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of
premiums were paid are excluded. These data are not available prior to 1956.
3 Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

112

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able D -l.

Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: All items and major groups of items
[1947-49=100]

Year and month

All items

Food

Housing

Apparel

Transporta­ Medical care Personal care Reading and
tion
recreation

Other goods
and services

Average___ ______
Average__________
Average__________
Average__________
Average__________
Average__________
Average____ _____
Average__________
Average.....................
Average__________
Average__________

95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113.5
114.4
114.8
114.5
116.2
120.2

95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
112.6
110.9
111.7
115.4

95.0
101.7
103.3
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
119.1
120.0
121.7
125.6

97.1
103.5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
104.3
103.7
105.5
106.9

90.6
100.9
108.5
111.3
118.4
126.2
129.7
128.0
126.4
128.7
136.0

94.9
100.9
104.1
106.0
111.1
117.2
121.3
125.2
128.0
132.6
138.0

97.6
101.3
101.1
101.1
110.5
111.8
112.8
113.4
115.3
120.0
124.4

95.5
100.4
104.1
103.4
106.5
107.0
108.0
107.0
106.6
108.1
112.2

96.1
100.5
103.4
105.2
109.7
115.4
118.2
120.1
120.2
122.0
125.5

1954: January.....................
February___ _____
March___________
April..........................
M ay..................
June...........................
July...........................
August......................
September.... ........ __
October__________
November________
December_________

115.2
115.0
114.8
114.6
115.0
115.1
115.2
115.0
114.7
114.5
114.6
114.3

113.1
112.6
112.1
112.4
113.3
113.8
114.6
113.9
112.4
111.8
111.1
110.4

118.8
118.9
119.0
118.5
118.9
118.9
119.0
119.2
119.5
119.5
119.5
119.7

104.9
104.7
104.3
104.1
104.2
104.2
104.0
103.7
104.3
104.6
104.6
104.3

130.5
129.4
129.0
129.1
129.1
128.9
126.7
126.6
126.4
125.0
127.6
127.3

123.7
124.1
124.4
124.9
125.1
125.1
125.2
125.5
125.7
125.9
126.1
126.3

113.7
113.9
114.1
112.9
113.0
112.7
113.3
113.4
113.5
113.4
113.8
113.6

108.7
108.0
108.2
106. 5
106.4
106.4
107.0
106.6
106.5
106.9
106.8
106.6

120.3
120.2
120.1
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.3
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.0
119.9

1955: January__________
February_________
March___________
April_____________
M ay..........................
Ju n e .____________
July...........................
August-.....................
September________
October__________
November________
December_________

114.3
114.3
114.3
114.2
114.2
114.4
114.7
114.5
114.9
114.9
115.0
114.7

110.6
110.8
110.8
111.2
111.1
111.3
112.1
111.2
111.6
110.8
109.8
109.5

119.6
119.6
119.6
119.5
119.4
119.7
119.9
120.0
120.4
120.8
120.9
120.8

103.3
103.4
103.2
103.1
103.3
103.2
103.2
103.4
104.6
104.6
104.7
104.7

127.6
127.4
127.3
125.3
125.5
125.8
125.4
125.4
125.3
126.6
128.5
127.3

126.5
126.8
127.0
127.3
127.5
127.6
127.9
128.0
128.2
128.7
129.8
130.2

113.7
113.5
113.5
113.7
113.9
114.7
115.5
115.8
116.6
117.0
117.5
117.9

106. 9
106.4
106.6
106.6
106.5
106.2
106.3
106.3
106.7
106.7
106.8
106.8

119.9
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.9
119.9
120.3
120.4
120.6
120.6
120.6
120.6

1956: January.....................
February_________
M arch___________
April________ ____
M ay_____________
June_____________
July...........................
A ugust... ________
September________
October....................
November________
December_________

114.6
114.6
114.7
114.9
115.4
116.2
117.0
116.8
117.1
117.7
117.8
118.0

109.2
108.8
109.0
109.6
113.2
114.8
113.1
113.1
113.1
112.9
112.9

120.6
120.7
120.7
120.8
120.9
121.4
121.8
122.2
122.5
122.8
123.0
123.5

104.1
104.6
104.8
104.8
104.8
104.8
105.3
105.5
106.5
106.8
107.0
107.0

126.8
126.9
126.7
126.4
127.1
126.8
127.7
128.5
128.6
132.6
133.2
133.1

130.7
130.9
131.4
131.6
131.9
132.0
132.7
133.3
134.0
134.1
134.5
134.7

118.5
118.9
119.2
119.5
119.6
119.9
120.1
120.3
120.5
120.8
121.4
121.8

107.3
107.5
107.7
108.2
108.2
107.6
107.7
107.9
108. 4
108.5
109.0
109.3

120.8
120.9
121.2
121.4
121.5
121.8
122.2
122.1
122.7
123.0
123.2
123.3

1957: January__________
February_________
M arch___________
April_____ _______
M ay__________ __
June_____________
J u ly .........................
August___________
September............. __
October__________
November________
December_________

118.2
118.7
118.9
119.3
119.6
120.2
120.8
121.0
121.1
121.1
121.6
121.6

112.8
113.6
113.2
113.8
114.6
116.2
117.4
117.9
117.0
116.4
116.0
116.1

123.8
124.5
124.9
125.2
125.3
125. 5
125.5
125.7
126.3
126.6
126.8
127.0

106.4
106.1
106.8
106.5
106.5
106.6
106.5
106. 6
107.3
107.7
107.9
107.6

133.6
134.4
135.1
135.5
135.3
135.3
135.8
135.9
135.9
135. 8
140.0
138.9

135.3
135.5
136.4
136.9
137.3
137.9
138.4
138.6
139.0
139.7
140.3
140.8

122.1
122.6
122.9
123.3
123.4
124.2
124.7
124.9
125.1
126.2
126.7
127.0

109.9
110.0
110.5
111.8
111.4
111.8
112.4
112.6
113.3
113.4
114.4
114.6

123.8
124.0
124.2
124.2
124.3
124.6
126.6
126.7
126.7
126.8
126.8
126.8

1958: January.....................
February_________
March___________
April_____________
M ay_____________
June_____________
July........ ..................
August......................
September________
October____ _____
November________

122.3
122.5
123.3
123.5
123.6
123.7
123.9
123.7
123. 7
123.7
123.9

118.2
118.7
120.8
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
120. 7
120.3
119.7
119.4

127.1
127.3
127. 5
127.7
127.8
127.8
127.7
127. 9
127.9
127.9
128.0

106.9
106.8
106.8
106.7
106.7
106.7
106.7
106.6
107.1
107.3
107.7

138.7
138.5
138.7
138.3
138.7
138.9
140.3
141.0
141.3
142.7
144.5

141.7
141.9
142.3
142.7
143.7
143.9
144.6
145.0
146.1
146.7
147.0

127.8
128.0
128.3
128. 5
128.5
128.6
128.9
128.9
128.7
128.8
129.1

116.6
116.6
117.0
117.0
116.6
116.7
116.6
116.7
116.6
116.6
117.0

127.0
127.0
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.1
127.1
127.2
127.3

1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:

111.0

1 The Consumer Price Index measures the average change In prices of goods
and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker families.
Data for 46 large, medium-size, and small cities are combined for the United
States average.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able D -2.

113

Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Food, housing, apparel, transpor­
tation, and their subgroups
[1947-49=100J
1958

Annual
average

1957

Group
Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

Food 2_______________________________
Food at home_____________________
Cereals and bakery products_____
Meats, poultry, and fish_________
Dairy products__________ _____
Fruits and vegetables___________
Other foods at home 8___ _______

119.4
117.6
134.0
113.5
134.5
121.1
112.6

119.7
118.0
133.9
114.6
114.5
121.0
113.2

120. 3
118.7
133. 5
115.8
114.1
120. 7
115.2

120.7
119.2
132.9
117.7
113.0
124.9
112.8

121.7
120.5
132.9
119.2
112.4
131.9
111.8

121.6
120.4
132.9
118.3
111.7
134.3
110.9

121.6
120.5
132.8
116.6
111.8
137.4
111.5

121.6
120.5
132.7
115.9
112.5
136.6
112.4

120.8
119.6
132.7
114.4
114.1
130.7
113.8

118.7
117.2
132.6
112.0
114.5
124.4
111.3

118.2
116.7
132.5
110.2
114.6
121.9
113.1

116.1
114.3
131.8
106. 0
114.6
113.9
114.9

116.0
114.1
131.6
104.6
114.5
114.6
115.6

115.4
113.8
130.5
105.2
111.8
118.6
112.9

111.7
110.2
125.6
97.1
108.7
119.0
112.8

Housing 4____________________________
Rent.......................................................
Gas and electricity_________________
Solid fuels and fuel oil______________
Housefumishings__________________
Household operation_______________

128.0
138.4
118.1
135.8
103.5
132.6

127.9
138.3
118.1
135.6
103.4
132.4

127.9
138.2
118.0
135.2
103.6
132.2

127.9
138.1
117.5
133,6
103.3
132.1

127.7
137. 8
117.0
132.3
104.0
131.2

127.8
137.7
116.9
131.7
104.1
131.1

127.8
137.5
116.5
131.6
104.0
130.9

127.7
137.3
116.0
134.2
104.0
130.9

127.5
137.1
115.9
136.7
103.9
130.7

127.3
137.0
115.9
137.2
104.9
129.9

127.1
136.8
115.7
138.4
104.2
129.7

127.0
136.7
114.3
138.3
104.9
129.6

126.8
136.3
114.3
138.0
104. 5
129.4

125.6
135.2
113.0
137.4
104.6
127.5

121.7
132.7
111.8
130.7
103.0
122.9

Apparel------ ----------- -------- . . . ---------Men’s and boys’_____ _____________
Women’s and girls’________________
Footwear.. --------- -- -_ ------. . . ..
Other apparel L .................................... .

107.7
108.5
100.6
130.3
92.3

107.3
107.9
100.2
130.1
91.8

107.1
108.3
99.6
130.1
92.0

106.6
108.3
98. 5
130.0
91.9

106.7
108.5
98.6
129.7
92.0

106.7
108.8
98.5
129.8
91.9

106.7
108.9
98.4
129.7
92.1

106. 7
109.1
98.2
129.8
91.9

106.8
108.9
98.8
129.5
91.9

106.8
109.0
98.6
129.5
92.0

106.9
109.0
98.8
129.3
91.9

107.6
109.5
100.1
129.1
92.3

107.9
109.4
100.8
129.0
92.6

106.9
109.0
99.2
127.9
92.1

105.5
107.4
98.7
123.9
91.4

Transportation _____________________ 144.5
Private___________________________ 133.6
Public----------- ------------------------------ 191.1

142.7
131.8
190.4

141.3
130.4
189.8

141.0
130.1
189.5

140.3
129.3
189.5

138.9
128.0
187.7

138. 7
128.0
186.1

138.3
127.6
186.1

138.7
128.0
185.9

138.5
127.9
185.4

138.7
128.4
182.4

138.9
128.6
182.4

140.0
129.7
182.8

136.0
125.8
178.8

128.7
118.8
172.2

1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
i In addition to subgroups shown here, total food Includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
8 Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other miscellaneous foods.

T able D -3.

4 In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
• Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous items.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Special groups of items
[1947-49=100]

Year and month

All items
less food

All items
less shelter

All com­
modities

All com­
modities
less food

Durable
commodi­
ties 2

Nondura­
ble com­
modities
less food 3

All
All services
services 4 less r e n t5

Average______________ ____ - - - . ___________
Average . . - - _____ ________________ _______
Average __________ ____ ____________________
Average. ____ — ..................... ................... .
Average______________ _________ ___ ________
Average______________________________ _____
Average____________________________________
A verage__ ________________ ______ - - _____
Average_____- ___________ _________________
Average- .....................................................-...........
Average____________________________________

95.1
101.9
103.0
104.2
110.8
113.5
115. 7
116.4
116.7
118.8
122.8

95.6
103.1
101.3
102.0
110.5
112.7
113.1
113.0
112.4
114.0
117.8

96.3
103.2
100.6
101.2
110.3
111.7
111.3
110.2
109.0
110.1
113.6

95.7
102.9
101.5
101.3
108.9
109.8
110.0
108.6
107.5
108.9
112.3

94.9
101.8
103.3
104.4
112.4
113.8
112.6
108.3
105.1
105.1
108.8

95.7
103.1
101.1
100.9
108.5
109.1
110.1
110.6
110.6
113.0
116.1

94.5
100.4
105.1
108.5
114.1
119.3
124.2
127.5
129.8
132.6
137.7

94.7
100.1
105.2
108.1
114.6
120.1
124.6
127.7
130.1
133.0
138.6

1957: November_________________ _____-............. ........
December---------------- ------ -----------------------------

124.6
124.5

119.2
119.2

114.7
114.7

113.8
113.6

110.9
110.3

117.4
117.3

139.8
140.0

140.9
141.1

1958: January----------- ---------------------------------------February---------------- ------------------- --------------March__________ _______ -..................................
April_________________________________ ____M ay__________________________ --- _______
June. _________ --- _______________________
Ju lv ................................................ ..............................
August........... ....................- ____________________
September______________ _____ ______________
October______________ ____ -........................ ........
Novem ber.-. ____________________________ . .

124.7
124.8
125.0
125.0
125.1
125.2
125.4
125. 6
125. 8
126.0
126.5

120.0
120.2
121.0
121.2
121.3
121.4
121.6
121.4
121.5
121. 5
121.7

115.4
115.5
116.4
116.6
116.6
116.6
116.8
116.4
116.4
116.4
116.6

113.5
113.2
113.1
112.8
112.9
112.9
113.1
113.2
113.5
113.9
114.5

110.5
110.3
109.6
109.6
109.7
109.6
109.8
109.9
110.3
111. 2
112.8

117.0
116.7
116.9
116.6
116.5
116.7
116.9
116.9
117.2
117.2
117.1

140.5
141.0
141.7
142.1
142.3
142.3
142.6
143.0
143.0
143.1
143.4

141.7
142.3
143.1
143.5
143.8
143.8
144.1
144.4
144.4
144.5
144.8

1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:

1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
1 Includes household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor coverings,
dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable toys, sport­
ing goods, and from 1953 forward, water heaters, kitchen sinks, sink faucets,
and porch flooring.
8 Includes solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefumishings, household paper,
electric light bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel (except shoe re­
pairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet goods, nondurable
toys, newspapers, cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, and from 1953 forward,
house paint and paint brush.
4 Includes rent, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto insurance,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services, group hospitalization, barber and beauty shop services,
television repairs, motion picture admissions, and from 1953 forward, home
purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage interest, property insurance, repainting
garage, repainting rooms, reshingling roof, and refinishing floors.
8 Formerly all services less shelter for 1953 and later years; for definition of
services, see footnote 4.
N ote: Indexes from 1953 forward have been revised to reflect the distribu­
tion of shelter items, formerly included in “all services and shelter” now en­
titled “all services,” among the appropriate commodity and service classi­
fications.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

114
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

D-4.

Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods

Commodity

Cereals and bakery products: Unit Cents
Flour, wheat---------------- -5 lb .. 54.8
Biscuit mix 4__ _________ 20 oz._ 26.8
Corn meal---- -------------------lb— 12.9
18.5
Rice_____________________ l b Rolled o a ts------------------- 18 oz„ 20.4
Corn flakes_____________ 12 oz„ 25.6
19.6
Bread_____________ ____—-lb „
Soda crackers 4------------------ lb — 29.2
Vanilla cookies__________ 7 oz— 24.5
Meats, poultry, and fish:
"Roof arid veal_______________
Round steak---------------- lb .. 104.9
Chuck roast___________ lb .. 62.6
Rib roast_____________ lb— 81.1
Hamburger___________ lb .. 54.4
Veal cutlets----------------- lb .. 135.3
Pork
___ _______ - -Pork chops, center c u t ...l b .. 90.7
Bacon, sliced----------------lb .. 73.9
Ham, whole___________ lb— 66.4
Lamb, leg_______________lb— 77.6
Other meats:
Frankfurters4.. . . . ------lb .. 65.8
Luncheon m eat4—12-oz can.. 53.1
Keady-to-cook____ ____ lb__
F ish_____ — . -------------------Fish, fresh orfr ozen--------------Ocean perch fil*et, frozen, .lb ..
Haddock, fillet» fro zen.__lb_.
Salmon, pink. . __16-oz. can..
Tuna fish, chunk 4
6-61i-oz. can..
Dairy products:
MUk fresh, grocery___ - ____
Homogenized, with vitamin D
added _ _________ — qt__
Milk fresh, delivered_____ ___
Homogenized, with vitamin D
a d d e d _______________ qt_.
Ice cream 4_______________ P t—
B utter------- ----------------------lb ..
Cheese, American process---- lb—
Milk evaporated— 14^-oz. can..
All fruits and vegetables:
Strawberries 4— -------- 10 oz..
Orange juice concentrate 4.6 oz..
Peas, green 4 _________ 10 oz__
Beans, green 4 ----- - - 9 oz__
Pfpsh fruits and vegetables___
Apples_________________ 11>—
Bananas----- ---------------- lb—
Oranges........ .................... .doz..
Lemons 7_______________ lb—
G rapefruit8 9---------------each..
Peaches8 41_____________ lb —
Strawberries 813_............... .p t..
Grapes,seedless 811...... ........lb —
Watermelons 817------------- lb ..
Potatoes---- ---------------- 10 lb ..
Sweet potatoes---------------lb_.
Onions_________________ lb ..
Carrots______________ - lb ..
Lettuce...... ......................head..
Celery 9------------------------- lb—
Cabbage________________lb ..
Tomatoes4. . -----------------lb ..
Beans, g reen ... . . . -------lb._
C a n n e d f r u it s and v e g e ta b le s ____
Orange juice 4_____ 46-oz. can..
Peaches _________ #2)£ can..
Pineapple___________ #2 can..
Fruit cocktail4.. ...#303 can..
Corn, cream style___#303 can..
Peas, green____ . . . #303 can..
Tomatoes_________#303 can..
Baby foods 4__ . —4J^-5 oz_.
Dried fruits and vegetables .
Prunes . ______________ lb ..
Dried beans_____________lb ..
See footnotes at end of table.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)

Aver­
age3
price,
Nov.
1958

43.0

1958

1957

Annual
average

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.3 Nov.

1957

1956

113.6
95.9
116.1
97.7
138.4
150.9
147.2
113.8
126.6

113.4
95.9
116.6
07.7
138. 3
150.5
147.1
113.8
126.6

113.6
95.9
116.6
98.0
138.0
150.2
146.1
114.0
126.6

114.0
95.7
116.3
98.1
138.0
150.0
144.6
113.6
126.5

114.6
95.8
115.7
97.6
138.0
149.7
144.5
113.8
126.5

114.9
95.8
115.6
97.5
138.0
149. 7
144.4
113.6
126.5

115.4
96.0
155.5
96.8
137.9
149.4
144.0
113.7
126.7

115.4
95.9
115.4
96.3
137.9
149.0
143.8
113.6
126.8

115.1
96.0
115.3
95.9
137.7
148.5
143.7
113.4
127.7

114.7
96.0
115.2
95.8
137.5
147.6
143.7
113.6
127.6

114.4
96.0
114.1
95.6
137.2
146.5
143.7
113.3
128.1

113.7
96.0
114.1
95.3
137.2
143.0
142.7
113.4
127.9

113.8
95.9
114.1
95.2
136.7
138.5
142.5
113.4
127.9

113.4
95.8
113.3
93.5
134.9
136.1
141.0
112.4
127.3

110.7
95.4
111.0
92. 8
119.1
128. 9
134.7
107.3
124.0

120.0
120.5
126.9
113.1
121.6
112.0
146.2
110.2
124.8
101.2
101.6
112.6

121.4
120.2
126.4
112.9
121.3
111.7
146.0
113.7
126.9
107.9
102.0
112.4

122.5
119. 5
125.4
112.6
122.2
110.8
145.9
116. 8
128.6
113.7
102.8
111.9

124.3
119.8
125.8
113.0
122.4
110.9
145.1
120.3
130.1
118.2
106.7
111.6

125.4
122.3
128.5
117.4
124.3
112.6
144. 7
120.7
132.2
116.5
107.1
113.1

124.2
122.6
128.8
118.2
124.5
112.3
145.3
118.3
131.8
112.4
106.1
112.6

122.0
121.7
128.4
116.9
124.5
110.9
144.3
115.0
125.4
110. 4
104.7
111.8

121.5
121.5
128.4
118.5
123.9
109.1
143.1
114.7
125.3
109.2
105.5
113.4

118.8
117.9
125.2
115.4
121.5
103.3
142.4
112.6
123.0
105.8
105.5
112.4

116.7
114.8
122.7
110.2
120.4
100.7
140.4
111.3
121.7
105.9
102.3
113.2

115.1
112.8
122.1
106.6
120.6
98.3
135.9
110.1
120.8
103.7
102.1
110.5

110. 5
107. 7
117.8
102.1
114.9
91.8
130.4
105. 2
117.1
96.8
99.0
105.1

108 9
105 6
116.3
98.5
112.9
90.1
128.7
103 7
117.3
96.0
94. 7
104.3

113.7
95.0
111.0
86.6
127.9
107 2
119.1
101. 5
97. 4
103. 5

107.1
87. 2
104. 7
79.3
120.8
107. 6
79.0
92. 4
99.8

107.9
109.7
71.7

108.4
108.7
71. 6

108.7
106.7
74.1

110.1
105.1
77.6

109.6
104.2
81.5

108.6
103.4
81.9

106.5
101.6
81.7

105. 2
99. 7
80.1

102.9
98.4
83.5

100.2
98.1
79. 7

99.0
97.7
77.0

97.3
96.8
74.2

97.2
96.2
73.1

93.1
93.1
78.4

85. 4
84.4
80.4

119.6
123.1

119.0
122.0

118.2
121.1

46.3
57.8
61.8

117.8
120.1

117.6
119.9

117.1
119.4

117.6
120.4

1Ï7. 6
120.4

117.1
119.7

115.4
116.6

113. 8
113. 9

112.2
111.5

ill.4
110.1

109.9
107.6

108. 5
105.5

128.4

129.0

129.8

131.7

131.5

131.3

131.3

131. 2

131.1

Î31.0

130.8

130.8

130. 7

130.1

125.5

33.7

98.2

98.0

96.6

96.2

95.9

95.3

95.2

95.3

95.0

94.9

94.4

93.7

93.4

93.3

94.6

121.7

121.2

120.7

119.1

118.2

117.0

117.1

118.3

120.5

121.2

121. 5

121.9

121.8

117.6

113.6

126.1

126.0

125.4

123.9

122.6

121.6

121. 7

122.4

125. 2

125.8

126.0

126. 2

126.1

122.1

118.4

98.3
94.2
109.2
111. 1

98.4
94.6
109.3
111.3

98.4
94.4
109.1
111.2

98.4
93.0
109.2
111.1

98.0
93.0
109.4
111.2

98.3
93.0
109.5
111.1

98.3
93.1
109.5
110.9

98.4
93.5
109.9
111.1

98.2
94.8
110.0
110.8

98.4
94.8
109.8
110.5

98.4
94.8
109.9
110.1

98.1
94.8
109.6
109.0

97.8
94.9
109.5
108.4

97.4
94.0
109.3
107.2

95. 5
91.3
108.4
103.4

122.6
81.9
157.9
102.2
105.7
120.3
103.2
114.2
179.2
100.5
138.0
(8)
(8)
(5)
(8)
95.3
114.0
107.4
108.4
114.2
98.6
99.5
99.8
104.3
114.6
146.6
111.4
114.1
104.7
108.1
100.1
111.2
102.9
121.9
151.9
94.1

122.2
81.1
157. 5
101.9
105.6
120.5
108.2
113.3
189. 5
99.3
(8)
(8)
(8)
94.9
(8)
93.3
111.5
105.5
110.1
126.8
90.2
101.8
76.4
104.2
114. 1
144.3
110.2
113.1
103.5
106.8
100.2
113.3
102.9
121.5
144.5
97.9

122.4
81.3
157. 7
101.3
106.6
120. 5
127.1
106.1
189.3
97.6
(8)
92.6
(8)
79.9
(8)
98.7
122.7
106.4
114.8
110.9
96. 5
101.3
65.2
90.9
113.2
139.8
109.2
112.9
102.3
105.6

121.8
81.9
156.8
100.6
106.4
127.7
(»)
118.3
174. 2
96.6
(8)
89.5
(8)
88.5
54.9
111.7
166.6
111.2
119.7
103.2
97.3
101.3
69.3
80.2
112. 4
132.8
108.2
112.4
101.4
104.8
100.2
119.8
102.8
120.4
137.8
100.3

121.0 119. 8
82.4
82.0
155.2 152.2
99. 8
100.2
106.3 106.4
139.5 144. 0
193.3
(s)
103. 2 104.2
173.8 165.4
98.9
97.1
(8)
(8)
104.1
(8)
76.7
(8)
110.9
(s)
69.6 101.6
127.4 128.7
165.2 159.5
119.9 123.0
118.0 113.9
111.6 106.4
116.4 127.1
111.0 126.3
94.2 101.7
93.9
94.3
111.5 110.6
125. 5 121.1
108.0 107.6
112. 3 112.1
101.2 100.9
104. 1 103.7
99.6
99.5
123.7 124. 2
102.5 102.2
119.6 118.5
137.5 137.0
99.3
97.9

116.2
82.6
143.2
99. 5
106.6
150. 0
157.7
103.8
160.9
102.9
149.3
(8)
95.2
(8)
(8)
144.1
158.4
132.9
108.4
145.8
147.0
152.3
157. 8
125.0
109.5
117.5
107.9
111.8
100.8
104.0
99.4
121.0
101.7
117.3
137.2
95.9

115.5
82.5
141.5
99.5
106.4
149.3
133.3
98.3
169.0
101.8
130.5
(8)
(s)
(8)
(8)
155. 9
152.9
159. 7
106.2
135.5
132.4
160.9
103.8
136. 3
108.6
114.4
108.4
111.7
100.7
103.7
99.7
118.2
101.8
116.4
137.0
94.8

112.7
82.6
134.8
99.7
105.2
140. 9
121.8
104.8
147.7
102.6
118.2
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
138.4
147.6
128.7
119.3
140.7
109.7
174.1
148.6

110.3
81.9
129.4
100.4
103.1
131.4
117.6
106.9
142.2
101.8
116.4
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
115.7
138.3
105.5
123.7
113.0
108.4
165. 5
145. 8

107.6
80.3
123.4
100.5
102.6
128.0
114.1
104.9
137.3
104.2
122.4
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
112.6
134.2
101.2
135.2
118.3
102.2
151. 7
138.7
171.0
106. 0
109.4
109.3
110.9
100.6
103.6
101.2
106.3
102.2
112.0
136.2
88.5

197 7
79.4
99.2
99.8
101.9
116 5
110.9
99.3
124.6
105.3
110.0
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
109.3
120.3
98.9
132.7
104.7
93.2
120.4
115.4
110.5
105 3
108.0
108.4
110.6
100.4
102.8
101.0
105.5
102.1

97 8
79.4
99.4
100.3
101.6

82.1
99.4
100.9
99.2

91. 2
107.0
107. 5
95. 9

24.2
25.5
29.7
74.4
57.9
15.1
26.4
29.0
19.9
23.1
11.7
18.4
82.6
18.5
13.9
(8)
(8)
(•)
(8)
50.4
12.9
9.1
13.7
16.3
14.5
6.8
28.0
2 2 .2

46.0
34.9
35.3
27.1
18.2
21.1
16.2
10.1
36.8
17.8

100.1

115.0
102.9
121.4
138.6
101.3

(«)

107.4
111.9
109.5
111. 4
100.6
103.6
100.6
112.2
102.2
113.9
136.1
91.4

(«)

106.5
111.1
109.1
111.0
100.8
103.9
100.9
107.9
102.0
112.3
136.1
89.0

111. 1

135.9
87.3

104.6
109.7
133.2
104.9
113.4
(8)
(8)
82.6
(8)
107.1
109.2
97.0
131.6
128.7
91.3
113.5
95.1
113.4
105 5

108.0
109.8
110.6
100.5
103.2
101.6
104.9
101.9
110 7
136.4
86.4

4140. 8
128.9
107. 7 104.4
126.2
126.7
103.0
101. 9
«111.3 44 104.0
«109.9 43 97.4
44 80.7 43 99. 7
« 90.6 48 80. 9
43 87. 5 43 79.5
107.9
127. 9
131.0
114.8
111.9
112.4
117.1
108.1
121.9
114.4
104.1
92.7
125.9
114. 5
105.1
105.4
117.7
119. 5
113.2
110. 4
110.2
100.3
102.2
102.1
103.4
102.6
111 5

140.3
85.2

120.0
111. 0
108.8
100.8
106.8
102.1
104.1
100.9
114
1 47 ! 2

85.7

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D -4.

116

Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods—Continued
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)

Average 3
price,
Nov.
1958

Commodity

Other foods at home:
Cents
Partially prepared foods:
U n it
12.4
Soup, tomato 4___ 11-oz. can.Beans with pork 4 . 16-oz. can. . 15.2
Condiments and sauces:
Pickles, sw eet4-----------IVz o z„ 27.0
Catsup, tom ato4______ 14 oz_. 22.4
Beverages____________________
(18)
Coffee________________
Tea bags4_____ package of 16.. 24.0
Cola drink 4____ carton, 36 oz_. 28.1
Fats and oils______ _________
Shortening, hydrogenated
3-lb. can.. 92.8
Margarine, colored.............. lb .. 29.0
L ard .------- ------------------ lb .. 22.9
Salad dressing.............. ...... pt_. 37.9
Peanut butter 4...... ............. lb .. 56.7
Sugar and sweets_________
Sugar________________ 5 lbs.. 56.9
Corn syrup 4__________ 24 oz._ 26.2
Crape jelly 4----------------12 oz.. 27.8
5.2
Chocolate b a r 4_________loz_.
Eggs, grade A, larg e...........doz.. 62.7
Miscellaneous foods:
Gelatin, flavored4____ 3-4 oz..
9.0

Annual
average

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.*

Nov.

1957

99.1
107.1

99.3
107.3

99.3
106.7

99.9
106.5

100.5
106.5

100.3
106.4

100.4
106.7

100.3
106.6

100.1
106.3

100.0
105.9

99.1
104.9

98.5
104.6

98.3
104.4

99.0
103.9

98.3
103.0

99.5
98.8
173.8
157.8
124.4
124.4
85.4

99.5
98.7
174.1
158.4
124.7
123.8
85.5

99.6
97.9
174.7
159.2
124.5
123.8
85.6

99.9
97.2
178.2
164.4
124.4
123.1
85.8

99.8
96.9
179.9
167.3
124.5
121.9
85.8

99.9
96.4
180.9
168.9
124.3
121.7
85.9

100.0
96.1
181.2
169.9
124.2
120.7
86.2

100.6
96.4
182.5
171.6
124. 2
120.8
86.2

100.8
96.3
183.4
172.9
124.2
120.7
86.1

100.4
97.4
184.7
175.0
124.0
120.3
85.8

100.1
98.2
184.8
175. 2
123.8
120.4
86.3

99.8
97.4
183.8
173.9
123.2
120.2
86.1

100. 7
96.9
183.9
174. 2
122. 7
120.1
86.1

100.0
99.2
192.7
187.4
122.9
118.1
86.8

98.8
101.6
194.0
192.0
121.2
113.0
83.1

82.2
76.0
84.3
100.8
115.7
120.0
118.3
111.9
116.4
114.2
89.9

88.1
76.1
84.7
100.8
115.7
120.0
118.4
111. 5
116.8
114.4
91.4

88.2
76.3
85.2
100.7
115.9
119.9
118.3
111.3
116.4
114.3
98.5

89.2
76.2
84.4
100.9
115.4
119.8
118.4
110.9
116.3
114.2
87.2

89.9
76.5
83.3
100.7
113.7
119.6
118.1
110.7
116.2
114.2
82.5

89.9
77.3
83.1
100.8
112.5
119.2
117.6
110.5
115.9
113.8
78.9

90.9
77.7
82.7
101.0
111.5
118.4
116.2
110.2
115. 7
113.2
81.1

91.0
78.0
82.6
100.6
111.0
117.1
115.9
109.7
115.9
109.6
84.5

90.5
78.0
82.6
101.0
110.9
113.9
115.6
108. 7
115.9
100.7
90.6

90.1
77.7
82.0
100.8
110.5
113.6
115.6
107.9
115.3
100.4
81.4

91.5
78.1
82.6
100.7
110.5
113. 7
115.8
107.3
115. 4
100.5
87.6

91.3
78.0
83.2
99.7
110.2
113.4
115. 6
106.9
115.0
100.4
95.5

90.9
77.7
84.1
99.9
110.2
113.4
115. 5
106. 6
115.0
100.4
98.1

93.1
78.5
83.8
99.2
109.8
112.8
114.6
106.0
114.5
100.4
82.2

90.5
75.6
73.1
94.3
110.0
109.6
109.8
101.5
111.4
100.0
86.3

104.7

104.3

104.4

104.4

104.4

104.6

104.3

104.1

104.0

104.1

103.8

103.6

103.9

103.0

99.3

1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
s Based on prices in the 46 cities used in compiling the Consumer Price
Index. Average prices for each of the 20 large cities listed in table D-5 are
available upon request. Not strictly comparable with prices published for
months prior to January 1958 because of revision of outlet weights. Por
explanation, see Retail Food Prices by Cities, January 1958.
8 Prices collected the 9th, 10th, and 11th instead of the week containing the
15th as usual.
4December 1952=100.
8 Not available.
811 months' average.
i May 1953=100.
8 Priced only in season.

T able D -5.

1957

1958

1956

9January 1953=100.
10 7 months’ average.
» July 1953=100.
133 months’ average.
» April 1953=100.
n 2 months’ average,
is 5 months’ average,
m 4 months’ average.
11June 1953=100.
•8Price of 1-lb. can, 86.8 cents. Price of 1-lb. bag, 68.9 cents (priced only in
chain stores and large supermarkets).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Consumer Price Index ’■
—All items indexes, by city
[1947-49=100J
Annual average

1957

1958

City

United States city average 3_
Atlanta, Qa--------------------Baltimore, M d___________
Boston, M ass........................
Chicago, I1L - ------------Cincinnati, Ohio...................
Cleveland, Ohio....................
Detroit, Mich----------------Houston, Tex____________
Kansas City, M o_________
Los Angeles, Calif________
Minneapolis, M inn_______
New York, N . Y ___ _____
Philadelphia, P a___ _____
Pittsburgh, P a......................
Portland, Oreg----- ----------St. Louis, Mo........ -.............
San Francisco, C alif............
Scranton, P a_____________
Seattle, W ash... ................
Washington, D. C .............. .

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

1 2 3 .9

1 2 3 .7

1 2 3 .7

1 2 3 .7

1 2 3 .9

(3)

(8)
( 8)

1 2 7 .4

(8)

( 8)
( 3)

1 2 4 .6
1 2 4 .8

1 2 5 .4
1 2 7 .3

(8)

(8)

(8)

1 2 4 .5
1 2 3 .4
1 2 4 .2

1 2 3 .3

(8)

1 2 4 .9
1 2 5 .6

1 2 6 .1
( 8)

1 2 1 .7
1 2 3 .5
(8)
( 8)
(8)
(3)

1 2 0 .7
1 2 6 .0
1 2 1 .5

(8)
1 2 4 .5
121 . 5
1 2 3 .3
1 2 4 .5
1 2 4 .5
( 3)
( 8)
( 8)

(8)
(8)

1 2 7 .4
1 2 2 .5

0
1 2 3 .8

0
0
1 2 5 .6

0

1 2 1 .4
1 2 3 .4

0
0
1 2 5 .3
1 2 8 .4

0
0
0

0
0
0
1 2 6 .9

0
1 2 5 .1
1 2 3 .7
1 2 4 .0

0
1 2 5 .2

0
1 2 1 .1
1 2 3 .4

0
0
0
0
1 2 0 .4
1 2 6 .3
1 2 1 .2

0
0
1 2 5 .4
1 2 7 .6

0
0
1 2 4 .3

0
1 2 4 .8
1 2 5 .4
1 2 4 .9
1 2 1 .1
1 2 3 .3
1 2 4 .7
1 2 4 .7

0
0
0
0
0

June

May

1 2 3 .7

1 2 3 .6

1 2 4 .9
1 2 4 .8

0
1 2 7 .5
1 2 2 .7

0
1 2 4 .2

0
0
1 2 5 .1

0
1 2 1 .0
1 2 3 .0

0
0
1 2 4 .5
1 2 8 .0

0
0
0

i See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l. Indexes measure time-to-time
changes in prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and
clerical-worker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live
in one city than in another.
8 Average of 46 cities.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

0
0
0
1 2 7 .0

0
125 . 0
1 2 4 .3
123 . 7

0
1 2 5 .2

0
1 2 1 .1
1 2 2 .9

0
0
0
0
1 2 0 .7
1 2 6 .1
1 2 1 .3

Apr.
123 . 5

0
0
1 2 4 .5
1 2 7 .0

0
0
1 2 4 .4

0
1 2 3 .7
1 2 5 .6
1 2 4 .1
1 2 1 .2
1 2 2 .9
1 2 3 .8
1 2 5 .0

0
0
0
0
0

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

1 2 3 .3

1 2 2 .5

1 2 2 .3

1 2 4 .9
1 2 4 .1

0
1 2 6 .8
1 2 2 .3

0
1 2 4 .2

0
0
1 2 5 .0

0
1 2 1 .2
1 2 3 .1

0
0
1 2 4 .5
1 2 6 .7

0
0
0

0
0
0
1 2 6 .2

0
124 . 5
1 2 3 .7
1 2 2 .3

0
1 2 4 .1

0
1 2 0 .3
1 2 2 .3

0
0
0
0
1 1 9 .1
1 2 5 .0
1 2 0 .3

0
0

1 2 3 .4
1 2 6 .1

0
0
1 2 3 .7

0

1 2 2 .4
1 2 3 .7
1 2 3 .2
1 2 0 .0
1 2 2 .2
1 2 2 .6
1 2 3 .3

0
0
0
0
0

Dec.
1 2 1 .6
1 2 2 .4
1 2 2 .1

0
1 2 5 .6
1 2 0 .8

0
1 2 3 .3

0
0
1 2 2 .9

0
1 1 8 .7
1 2 2 .1

0
0
1 2 2 .5
1 2 4 .8

0
0
0

Nov.

1957

1 2 1 .6

1 2 0 .2

0
0
0
125 . 6

0
1 2 3 .3
123 . 5
122 . 4

0
1 2 2 .9

0
118 . 6
1 2 2 .1

0
0
0
0
1 1 7 .8
123 . 9
119 . 4

1956
1 1 6 .2

1 2 1 .4
1 2 1 .0
1 2 1 .2
1 2 3 .3
1 1 9 .6

1 1 8 .1
1 1 6 .9
1 1 7 .1
1 1 9 .5
1 1 6 .0

1 2 2 .1
1 2 2 .2
121 . 5
1 2 1 .1
1 2 1 .2

1 1 8 .0
1 1 8 .7
1 1 7 .8
1 1 7 .5
1 1 7 .4

1 2 1 .1
1 1 7 .6
1 2 0 .8
1 2 0 .2
1 2 1 .7

1 1 7 .0
1 1 3 .9
1 1 7 .0
1 1 6 .5
1 1 8 .0

1 2 1 .2
1 2 3 .1
1 1 6 .9
1 2 3 .1
1 1 8 .3

1 1 7 .2
1 1 8 .4
1 1 2 .9
1 1 8 .1
1 1 4 .9

3 Indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every 3 months on a
rotating cycle for 15 other cities.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

116
T able] D -6.

Consumer Price Index 1—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49=100]
Food at home
Total food3
Cereals and bakery products

Total food at home

City
Nov.
1958

Oct.
1958

Nov.
1957

Nov.
1958

Oct.
1958

Nov.
1957

Nov.
1958

Oct.
1958

Meats, poultry, and fish
Nov.
1958

Nov.
1957

Oct.
1958

Nov.
1957

United States city average *—

119.4

119.7

116.0

117.6

118.0

114.1

134.0

133.9

131.6

113.5

114.6

104.6

Atlanta, Oa - . ........................
Baltimore, M d____________
Boston, Mass______________
Chicago, 111
___________
Cincinnati, Ohio--------- -------

116.5
119.5
119.2
116.3
120.3

117.6
120.2
119.9
116.7
121.9

113.2
117.1
115. 8
114.1
117.3

115. 7
116.6
116.7
113.9
118.1

116.9
117.4
117.9
114.3
119.8

111.7
113.7
113.6
111.7
115.6

125. 5
128.4
132.5
123.4
131.9

125.9
128.4
132.4
123.6
131.9

124.7
127.3
130.6
124.5
131.8

116.4
112.9
114.7
105.9
113.0

117.2
114.6
115.5
106.9
116.4

106.3
105. 4
103.6
98.7
105.2

Cleveland, Ohio----------------Detroit, M ich_____________
Houston, Tex_ ----------------Kansas City, M o---------------Los Angeles, C alif...................

116.1
119.6
116.5
113.5
124.3

116.1
119.3
116.8
113.6
123.0

113.7
117.1
112.6
112.3
118.8

113.9
117.5
114.9
111.6
120.4

113.8
117.3
115.1
111.5
119.3

111.6
115.0
110.2
110.0
115.2

129.0
125.2
126.2
127.5
145.9

129.5
125.3
125.8
127.6
145.8

129.1
125.2
121.0
126.7
140.1

108.5
110. 5
109.9
109.1
112.1

109.0
110.9
110.9
109.7
112.5

100.5
101.2
98.9
101.5
106.9

Minneapolis, M inn------------New York, N. Y ---------------Philadelphia, P a----------------Pittsburgh, P a____________
Portland, Oreg—----- -----------

117.7
121.0
122.3
120.6
120.8

117.8
121.1
122.9
121.6
120.5

115.0
116.0
119.0
116.8
116.8

116.0
119.0
120.0
119.4
119.4

116.1
119.4
120.7
120.4
119.2

113.6
113.7
116.6
115.1
115.2

134. 5
142.4
139.0
133.1
140.2

134.4
142.5
138.5
132.7
140.2

130.1
135.9
132.9
129.5
135.4

107.9
114.9
114.7
131.1
117.7

109.0
115.9
113.6
114.1
118.3

99.6
105.6
107.4
104.0
106.4

St. Louis, M o . . . ......... ...........
San Francisco, Calif-----------Scranton, P a . _____________
Seattle, Wash_____________
Washington, D. C ---------------

120.2
123.8
117.1
120.8
119.8

120.5
122.9
117.5
120.8
121.1

116.2
118.5
112.2
116.4
116.8

115.8
122.4
116.8
119.7
117.7

116.2
121.3
117.2
119.6
119.4

112.5
116.6
111.5
115.3
114.2

124.8
147.2
135.5
147.0
132.3

124.7
147.1
135.5
146.9
132.3

124.1
140.7
131.3
140.9
129.6

110.4
117.0
115.2
114.4
113.0

110.6
116.6
115. 6
115.9
113.5

99.8
107.3
102.9
104.4
103.5

Food at home—Continued
Fruits and vegetables

Dairy products

City
Nov.
1958

Oct.
1958

Nov.
1957

Nov.
1958

Oct.
1958

Other foods at home 4

Nov.
1957

Nov.
1958

Oct.
1958

Nov.
1957

114.5

114.5

114.5

121.1

121.0

114.6

112.6

113.2

115.6

Atlanta, G a __________________________
Baltimore. M d________________________
Boston, Mass__________________________
Chicago. I1L- ___ ___________________
Cincinnati, Ohio---------------- -----------------

113.7
117.5
115.2
112.7
116.2

116.2
117.5
115.3
112.7
116.2

111.1
114.8
120.6
112.7
117.6

123.0
116.2
118.3
119.1
122.5

124.8
118.0
122.1
119.9
124.2

114.5
112.5
112.1
116.1
115.8

105.5
113.0
106.7
118.5
115.7

106.2
112.8
107.9
118.5
117.1

108.3
115.5
109.9
121.5
119.7

Cleveland, Ohio................ ............................ Detroit, Mich-------------------------------------Houston, Tex_________________ _______
Kansas City, M o______________________
Los Angeles, Calif------------------------ ------

110.2
111. 9
111.7
108.0
110.7

110.5
112.1
112.7
108.0
110.8

110.2
111.9
112.4
111.4
109.9

112.6
128.7
122.0
112.0
132.9

111.1
125.8
121.7
110.7
126.4

110.7
125.9
113.8
110.1
114.8

115.4
113.5
110.8
106.5
113.4

115.1
113.9
110.3
106.2
113.3

118.3
117.2
113.4
109.1
115.1

Minneapolis, M inn_______________ ____ _
New York, N. Y---------------------------------Philadelphia, P a____________ ___________
Pittsburgh, P a.................................................
Portland, Oreg............... -.............................. -

104.9
119.2
121.4
117.1
117.3

105.0
117.8
121.7
117.2
117.6

107.8
117.4
119.9
114.2
117.3

124.5
118.1
121.3
118.8
118.2

123.1
118.3
126.1
122.6
114.1

121.2
107.6
116.9
112.2
111.0

120.2
112.0
111.5
122.2
112.9

120.2
113.3
112.4
122.7
114.1

123.6
115.0
114.4
125.2
116.0

St. Louis, Mo__________________ ______
San Francisco, Calif------ -----------------------Scranton, P a____ ______________________
Seattle, Wash...................... ......................... ...
Washington, D. C ... __________________

105. 4
116.7
113.2
115. 5
118.4

105.9
116.4
113.3
115.5
119.0

105.6
116.6
113.4
118.5
119.3

125. 0
133.2
114. 1
126.0
114.9

124.9
127.3
115.7
121.3
122.8

121.0
118.6
104.0
116.9
109.7

118.7
111.9
110.1
110.0
114.7

120.0
112.8
110.5
111.0
115.1

122.4
113.9
113.0
111. 3
117.0

United States city average ®................ ..........

1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
2 See footnote 2, table D-2.
3 Average of 46 cities.
4 See footnotes, table D-2.
Source: U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

117

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able

D-7.

Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups 1

Farm products

Processed foods

All commodities
other than farm
and foods

Textile products
and apparel

H id e s , s k in s ,
le a th e r , a n d
leather products

Fuel, power, and
lighting mate­
rials

Chemicals and
allied products

Rubber and rub­
ber products

L um ber and
wood products

Pulp, paper, and
allied products

Metals and metal
products

Machinery and
motive products

F u r n itu r e an d
o th e r h o u s e ­
hold durables

Nonmetallic min­
e r a ls —s t r u c ­
tural

Tobacco manu­
factures
and
bottled bever­
ages

1947:Average.
1948:Average.
1949:Average_
1950: Average'
1951 ¡Average.
1952:Average.
1953 ¡Average.
1954:Average.
1955: Average.
1956:Average.
1957:Average

96.4
104.4
99.2
103.1
114.8
111.6
110.1
110.3
110.7
114.3
117.6

100.0
107.3
92.8
97.5
113.4
107.0
97.0
95.6
89.6
88.4
90.9

98.2
106.1
95.7
99.8
111.4
108.8
104.6
105.3
101.7
101.7
105.6

95.3
103.4
101.3
105.0
115.9
113.2
114.0
114.5
117.0
122.2
125.6

100.1
104.4
95.5
99.2
110.6
99.8
97.3
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4

101.0
102.1
96.9
104.6
120.3
97.2
98.5
94.2
93.8
99.3
99.4

90.9
107.1
101. 9
103.0
106.7
106.6
109.5
108.1
107.9
111.2
117.2

101.4
103.8
94.8
96.3
110.0
104.5
105.7
107.0
106.6
107.2
109.5

99.0
102.1
98.9
120.5
148.0
134.0
125.0
126.9
143.8
145.8
145.2

93.7
107.2
99.2
113.9
123.9
120.3
120.2
118.0
123.6
125.4
119.0

98.6
102.9
98.5
100.9
119.6
116.5
116.1
116.3
119.3
127.2
1296

91.3
103.9
104.8
110.3
122.8
123.0
126.9
128.0
136.6
148.4
151.2

92.5
100.9
106.6
108.6
119.0
121.5
123.0
124.6
128.4
137.8
146.1

95.6
101.4
103.1
105.3
114.1
112.0
114.2
115.4
115.9
119.1
122.2

93.9
101.7
104.4
106.9
113.6
113.6
118.2
120.9
124.2
129.6
134.6

97.2
100.5
102.3
103.5
109.4
111.8
115.7
120.6
121.6
122.3
126.1

100.8
103.1
96.1
96.6
104.9
108.3
97.8
102.5
92.0
91.0
89.6

1955:
January__
February..
M a rc h __
April____
M ay_____
June_____
J u l y ____
August___
September.
October. .
November.
December.

110.1
110.4
110.0
110.5
109.9
110.3
110.5
110.9
111.7
111.6
111.2
111.3

92.5
93.1
92.1
94.2
91.2
91.8
89.5
88.1
89.3
86.8
84.1
82.9

103.8
103.2
101.6
102.5
102.1
103.9
103.1
101.9
101.5
100.2
98.8
98.2

115.2
115.7
115.6
115.7
115.5
115.6
116.5
117.5
118.5
119.0
119.4
119.8

95.2
95.2
95.3
95.0
95.0
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.6
95.6

91.9
92.3
92.2
93.2
92.9
92.9
93.7
93.8
94.0
95.3
96.4
96.7

108.5
108.7
108. 5
107.4
107.0
106.8
106.4
107.2
108.0
108.0
108.6
109.3

107.1
107.1
106.8
107.1
106.8
106.8
106.0
105.9
106.0
106.5
106.6
106.6

136.8
140.6
138.0
138.3
138.0
140.3
143.4
148.7
151. 7
147.8
150.6
151.0

120.3
121.2
121.4
122.4
123.5
123. 7
124.1
125.1
125.7
125.4
125.0
125.1

116.3
116.6
116.8
117.4
117.7
118.3
119.0
119.7
120.5
122.8
123.2
123.6

130.1
131.5
131.9
132.9
132.5
132.6
136.7
139.5
141.9
142.4
142.9
143.9

125.8
126.1
126.1
126.3
126.7
127.1
127.5
128.5
130.0
131.4
132.5
133.0

115.5
115.4
115.1
115.1
115.1
115.2
115.5
116.0
116.4
116.9
117.2
117.3

122.0
121.8
121.9
122.3
123.2
123.7
125. 3
126.1
126.4
126.8
125.2
125.4

121.4
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7

97.0
97.1
95.6
94.0
91.3
89.1
90 8
89 8
90 3
91. 5
88 0
88.8

1956:
January__
February..
M arch___
April____
M ay........
June_____
July_____
August___
September.
October . .
N ovember.
December.

111.9
112.4
112.8
113.6
114.4
114.2
114.0
114.7
115.5
115.6
115.9
116.3

84.1
86.0
86.6
88.0
90.9
91.2
90.0
89.1
90.1
88.4
87.9
88.9

98.3
99.0
99.2
100.4
102.4
102.3
102.2
102.6
104.0
103.6
103.6
103.1

120.4
120.6
121.0
121.6
121.7
121.5
121.4
122.5
123.1
123.6
124.2
124.7

95.7
96.0
95.9
95.1
94.9
94.9
94.9
94.8
94.8
95.3
95.4
95.6

96.7
97.1
97.7
100.6
100.0
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.2
99.7
99.8
99.2

111.0
111.2
110.9
110.6
110.8
110. 5
110.7
110.9
111.1
111.7
111.2
114.0

106.3
106.4
106.5
106.9
106.9
107.1
107.3
107.3
107.1
107.7
108.2
108.3

148.4
147.1
146.2
145.0
143.5
142.8
143.3
146.9
145.7
145.8
146.9
147.9

126.3
126.7
128.0
128.5
128.0
127.3
126.6
125. 2
123.6
122.0
121.5
121.0

124.8
125.4
126.8
127.4
127.3
127.4
127.7
127.9
127.9
128.1
127.8
128.0

145.1
145.1
146.5
147.7
146.8
145.8
144.9
150. 2
151.9
152.2
152.1
152.3

133.3
133.9
134.7
135.7
136.5
136.8
136. 9
137.7
139.7
141.1
143.4
143.6

118.0
118.2
118.1
118.0
118.0
118.1
118.3
119.1
119.7
121.0
121.1
121. 2

127.0
127.1
127. 9
128.6
128. 6
128.9
130.6
130. 8
131.1
131.5
131.2
131.3

121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.6
121.6
121.7
122.5
122.8
123.1
123.5
123.6

89.6
88.7
88.2
92.1
96.1
92.9
91.3
91.1
89.9
89.2
91.2
91.7

1957:
January__
February..
M arch___
April____
M ay_____
June_____
July_____
August__
September.
October__
November.
December.

116.9
117.0
116.9
117.2
117.1
117.4
118.2
118.4
118.0
117.8
118.1
118.5

89.3
88.8
88.8
90.6
89.5
90.9
92.8
93.0
91.0
91. 5
91.9
92.6

104.3
103.9
103.7
104.3
104.9
106.1
107.2
106.8
106.5
105.5
106.5
107.4

125.2
125. 5
125.4
125.4
125.2
125.2
125.7
126.0
126.0
125.8
125.9
126.1

95.8
95.7
95.4
95.3
95.4
95.5
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.1
95.0
94.9

98.4
98.0
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.8
100.6
100.3
100.0
100.1
100.0
99.5

116.3
119.6
119.2
119.5
118.6
117.2
116.4
116.3
116.1
115.8
115.7
116.2

108.7
108.8
108.8
109.1
109.1
109.3
109.5
109.8
110.2
110.4
110.3
110.6

145.0
143.9
144.3
144.5
144.7
145.1
144.9
146.9
146.5
146.2
144.7
145.7

121. 3
120.7
120.1
120.2
119.7
119.7
119.3
118.6
117.8
117.3
116.9
116.3

128.6
128.5
128.7
128.6
128.9
128.9
129.5
129.9
130.1
130.9
130.9
131.0

152.2
151.4
151.0
150.1
150.0
150.6
152.4
153.2
152.2
150.8
150.4
150.5

143.9
144. 5
144.8
145.0
145.1
145.2
145.8
146.2
146.9
147.7
149.2
149.4

121.9
121.9
121.9
121.5
121.6
121.7
122.2
122.4
122.3
122.6
122.7
123.5

132. 0
132. 7
133. 2
134.6
135.0
135.1
135.2
135.3
135.2
135.3
135.4
135. 7

124.0
124.1
124.1
124.5
124.5
124.7
127. 7
127.7
127.7
127.7
127.8
128.0

93.2
92.4
92.0
91.4
89.4
87.3
88.8
90.1
89.4
87.7
86.8
87.2

1958:
January__
February..
March___
A p ril... . .
M ay..........
June_____
July ____
August___
September.
October__
November3.

118.9
119.0
119.7
119.3
119.5
119.2
119.2
119.1
119.1
119.0
119.2

93.7 109.5
96.1 109.9
100.5 110.7
97.7 111.5
98.5 112.9
95.6 113.5
95.0 112. 7
93.2 111.3
93.1 111. 1
92.3 3110.0
92.1 109.5

126.1
125.7
125.7
125.5
125. 3
125.3
125.6
126.1
126.2
126.4
126.8

99.5
94.6
94.1
99.6
94.0
99.5
93. 7
99.7
99.9
93.5
100.3
93.3
93.3
100. 3
100. 5
03.3
100.2
93.3
93.2 3 101.4
102.4
93.1

145.1
116.1
110.8
110.6
144.6
113.6
144.6
110.7
112.4
144.5
111.0
111.0
143.8
110.3
110.8
144.2
110.7
110.7
i n . 9 110. 4 144.7
144.4
110.0
113.7
145.2
114.1
109.9
113.0 3110.2 3146.1
110.2
146.6
112.6

116.3
115.8
115.5
115.7
115.9
116.4
116.8
118.6
120.4
120.8
120.0

130.8
130.8
130.5
130.5
130.5
130. 5
131.0
131.0
131.7
131.9
131.9

150.0
150.1
149.8
148.6
148.6
148.8
148.8
150.8
151.3
152.2
153.1

149.4
149.3
149.2
149.4
149.4
149.5
149.5
149.5
149.4
3149. 9
151.2

128.1
136.4
123.8
136. 5 128.1
123.6
128.0
135.3
123.5
128.0
123.4
135.4
135.4
128.0
123.2
135. 2
123.0
128.0
135. 3
128.0
123.2
128.0
135.2
123.0
128.0
123.0
136.7
: 123.0 3 136.7 3128.8
128.8
122.9
136. 7

88.3
89.3
94.3
97.8
96. 2
93.7
97. 2
95.6
92.5
91.2
93.2

1 As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were intro­
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
2 Preliminary.
3 Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

M iscellaneous
products

Year and
month

All commodities

[1947-49=100]

N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

118

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959
T able

D-8.

Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
1958

Commodity group
Nov.2 Oct.

1957

Annual
average

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr,

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

All commodities........... ................................. 119.2

119.0

119.1

119.1

119.2

119.2

119.5

119.3

119.7

119.0

118.9

118.6

118.1

117.6

114.3

Farm products__________ _______ - .......... 92.1
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables___ 99.4
Grains_____________________________ 75.3
Livestock and live poultry____________ 90.1
Plant and animal fibers_______________ 100.6
Fluid m ilk -............................... ................ 96.5
E g g s.......... ........... .................................... 86.5
74.1
Hay, hayseeds, and oil seeds__________
Other farm products................ ................. 137.7

92.3
102.6
76.8
88.4
100.7
96.2
91.1
73.3
138.8

93.1
97.6
76.1
91.5
101.1
95.8
98.6
72.2
137.3

93.2
96.9
77.3
94.0
101.8
93.5
81. 5
75.9
139.5

95.0
106.0
79.8
96.7
101.8
92.0
76.1
76.2
139.9

95.6
103.0
81.3
98.8
101.9
90.2
74.9
79.3
141.4

98.5
123.4
84.2
99.8
101.6
90.5
75.7
79.7
142.0

97.7
130.4
85.7
94.5
101.4
91.7
77.1
79.9
142.3

100.5
143.1
82.2
95.8
101.7
95.7
93.6
79.4
143.4

96.1
127.9
79.9
91.1
102.8
98.0
74.2
79.0
142.2

93.7
121.2
79.0
86.2
103.4
98.3
73.9
79.2
143.7

92.6
108.3
80.5
82.6
103.7
99.0
93.4
78.6
142.5

91.9
106.3
80.9
79.3
104.7
99.4
100.1
77.6
144.1

90.9
103.6
84.1
80.2
104.0
96.0
77.2
82.0
144.6

88.4
104.2
87.0
71.3
102.8
94.5
81.9
82.6
146.9

109.5 3110.0 111.1 111.3 112.7
118.0 118.2 117.8 116.9 117.5
102.6 103.5 107.1 108.2 112.1
113.6 113.6 113.9 112.4 111. 6
112.5 3112.1 3111.4 3111.8 3111.3
116.3 116.7 116.5 116.0 116.4
161.2 161.2 161.2 161.2 165.2
68.2
80.4
75.4
74.7
74.1
57.6
55.3
56.6
56.1
57.0
64.5
63.8
63.4
67.5
67.5
78. 0 80.4
81.3
81.6
82.6
97.4 2 97.0
96.5
96.7
97.1

113.5
118.5
114.1
111.1
110.3
116.4
168.4
73.4
58.8
70.0
83.2
96.9

112.9
117.9
112.8
110.8
108.2
115.5
168.4
72.7
63.9
70.9
85.2
96.9

111.5
118.4
108. 5
111.4
107.6
114.3
168.4
72.3
64.1
70.9
85.1
97.1

110.7
117.8
105.9
113.4
106.8
113.1
168.4
73.7
63 6
70.9
85.8
96.4

109.9
118.1
102.7
114.2
105. 7
114.2
173.3
70.4
66.4
70.9
86.3
95.2

109.5
118.0
101.7
114.2
105.6
114.6
173.3
68.5
67.7
70.9
86.4
95.6

107.4
118.3
95.5
114.7
104.6
114.3
173.3
70.4
67.1
70.9
85.5
96.3

106.5
117.6
93.6
114.5
103.8
114.4
172.9
71.1
65.2
68.5
84.7
96.6

105.6
116.9
91.9
111.7
103.9
113.4
183.1
75.6
65.7
70.1
86.1
95. 5

101.7
115.2
81.6
108.6
107.9
109.8
192.7
69.8
68.5
73.4
85.3
96.8

Processed foods_______________________
Cereal and bakery products___________
Meats, poultry, and f i s h . . ___________
Dairy products and ice cream-------------Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables..
Sugar and confectionery______________
Packaged beverage materials__________
Animal fats and o ils.. __________ ____
Crude vegetable oils_________________
Refined vegetable oils________________
Vegetable oil end products____________
Other processed foods________________

All commodities other than farm and foods. 126.8

126.4

126.2

126.1

125.6

125.3

125.3

125.5

125.7

125.7

126.1

126.1

125.9

125.6

122.2

All commodities except farm products.. . . 123.7

123.5

123.5

123.4

123.3

123.1

123.1

123.0

123.0

122.9

123.1

122.8

122.8

122.1

118. r

93.2
Textile products and apparel____________ 93.1
Cotton products_____________________ 88.0 3 87.8
97.7
98.4
Wool products______________________
Manmade fiber textile products________ 79.3 3 79.7
Silk products_______________________ 106.0 107.1
99.3
Apparel-------------------------- . ________ 99.3
76.3
Other textile products________________ 76.6

93.3
87.9
99.6
79.7
115.8
99.3
75.3

93.3
87.7
100.4
80.0
116.3
99.3
75.9

93.3
87.4
100.5
80.1
116.2
99.3
74.8

93.3
87.6
101.3
80.4
109.9
99.1
73.6

93.5
88.3
100.5
80.3
116.1
99.1
75.4

93.7
88.5
101.6
80.5
116.5
99.2
75.4

94.0
89.0
102.8
81.0
116.1
99.3
73.8

94.1
89.3
103.8
81.2
117.5
99.2
74.2

94.6
90.2
105.1
81.3
119.5
99.4
74.7

94.9
90.2
105.8
82.1
119.5
99.6
75.8

95.0
89.8
107.4
82.3
119.6
99.6
76.7

95.4
90.7
109. 5
82.0
122.1
99.6
76.4

95.3
93 0
103.7
81.4
121.9
99.6
72.8

Hides, skins, leather, and leather products. 102.4 3101.4
62.0
Hides and skins_____________________ 65.1
92.8
Leather________ ___________________ 94.7
Footwear___________ _______________ 123.1 122.8
97.6 3 97.2
Other leather products_______________

100.2
59.0
91.3
121.9
96.7

100.5
60.4
91.5
121.8
96.8

100.3
58.1
91.5
121.8
97.1

100.3
57.0
91.8
121.8
97.3

99.9
55.4
91.1
121.8
97.3

99.7
53.3
91.1
121.7
97.6

99.5
51.2
91.0
121.9
97.5

99.6
51.2
90.6
122.0
98.5

99.5
50.5
90.7
121.8
98.5

99.5
50.3
90.8
122.0
98.4

100.0
53.8
91.2
122.0
98.7

99.4
55.2
90.2
121.1
98.0

99.3
59.2
91.2
119.3
98.6

114.1
122.7
161.9
104.1
100.8
119.7

113.7
121.9
161.9
102.0
100.8
119.2

111.9
121.1
161.9
97.9
100.1
117.1

110.7
120.3
161.9
97.4
100.1
115.3

110.3
119.7
161.9
98.3
100.0
114.7

Fuel, power, and lighting materials.............
Coal....................................... .....................
C oke.. _______ _______ ____________
Gas fuels *__________________________
Electric power 4_____________________
Petroleum and products.................. .........

112.6
123.9
161.9
106.0
100.8
116.9

111.0
119.8
161.9
98.1
100.0
115.8

112.4
126.2
161.9
101.1
100.1
117.0

113.6
126.2
161.9
101.5
100.1
118.9

116.1
126.1
161.9
100.0
100.0
123.0

116.2
126.3
161.9
(')
(')
123.5

115.7
125.8
161.9
(6)
(*)
123.5

117.2
124.4
161.7
C)
(')
127.0

111.2
114.5
149.7
(')
(5)
118.2

Chemicals and allied products............. ........
Industrial chemicals_________________
Prepared paint__________ ___________
Paint materials.................................. ........
Drugs and pharmaceuticals___________
Fats and oils, inedible________________
Mixed fertilizer_____________________
Fertilizer materials__________________
Other chemicals and allied products____

110.2 3110.2 109.9 110.0 110.4 110.7 110.8 111.0
123.6 123.6 122.7 122.8 123.1 123.5 123.9 124.3
128.2 128. 2 128.2 128.2 128.2 128.2 128.4 128.4
102.7 102.8 102.9 103. 3 103.4 103.4 103.9 104.0
94.4
93.2
94.4
94.4
94.1
93.9
94.3
94.5
61.7
62.5
61.5
64.8
62.6
62.5
62.2
61.9
110.2 3109.9 3110. 1 3110.8 3111.1 3111.2 3111.2 3111.4
105.2 106.3 104.3 104.4 108.0 110.3 110.3 110.3
106.6 3106. 6 106.8 106.4 107.0 107.4 107.2 107.2

110.7
123.7
128.4
104.4
94.0
64.2
111.3
110.3
106.8

110.6
123.6
128.4
104.7
93.6
62.9
111.6
110.4
106.9

110.8
123.9
128.4
104.8
93.6
63.1
111.9
110.7
106.9

110.6
123.9
128.4
101.7
93.5
65.4
112.1
107.8
106.9

110.3
123.6
128.1
101.6
93.4
65.2
112.3
107.7
106.6

109.5
123.5
126.3
100. 5
93.3
61.4
110.0
106.8
105.7

107.2
121.4
120.0
99.6
92.1
56.2
108.7
108.4
103.2

Rubber and rubber products____________
Crude rubber_______________________
Tires and tubes...........................................
Other rubber products...............................

113.0
123.8
161.9
106.3
100.9
117. 5

. 146. 6 3146.1 145.2
142.6 140.1 135.7
152.8 152.8 152.8
142.3 3142.4 3141.8

144.4
134.3
152.8
140.9

144.7
133.0
152.1
142.7

144.2
129.4
152.1
143.0

143.8
127.7
152.1
143.0

144.5
131.2
152.1
143.0

144.6
131.3
152.1
143.3

144.6
131.2
152.1
143.3

145.1
133.7
152.1
143.3

145.7
135.7
153. 5
142.7

144.7
131.6
153. 5
142.3

145.2
141.3
150.9
140.9

145.8
146.7
152.2
138.0

Lumber and wood products.........................
Lumber____________________________
Mill work___________________________
Plywood---------------------------- ------------

120.0
120.1
130.5
100.5

120.8
120.8
130.5
102.7

120.4
121.0
127.6
102.0

118.6
119.0
126.8
100.2

116.8
116.7
127.3
98.3

116.4
116.8
127.1
94.9

115.9
116.7
127.1
92.2

115.7
115.9
127.6
94.4

115.5
115.9
127.6
92.9

115.8
116.2
127.6
93.6

116.3
116.5
127.7
95.6

116.3
116.4
127.7
95.6

116.9
117.1
128.0
96.4

119.0
119.7
128.3
96.4

125.4
127.2
129.1
101.7

Pulp, paper, and allied products..................
W oodpulp...............................................
W astepaper................................. ..........
Paper_____________________________
Paperboard_________________________
Converted paper and paperboard products_____________________________
Building paper and board_____________

131.9
121.2
111.3
142.0
136.2

131.9
121. 2
111.3
142.0
136.2

131.7
121.2
106.4
141.8
136.5

131.0
121.2
87.0
141. 8
136.0

131.0
121.2
86.1
141.8
136.0

130. 5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0

130.5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0

130.5
121.2
75.3
142.9
136.1

130.5
121.2
75.3
143.0
136.2

130.8
121.2
83.6
143.1
136.3

130.8
121.2
83.6
143.2
136.3

131.0
121.2
88.5
143 2
136.6

130.9
121.2
88.5
143.3
136.6

129.6
118.8
77.2
141.9
136.3

127.2
117.7
112.3
137.3
134.8

127.9
143.4

127.9
143.4

127.9
143.4

127.8
143.4

127.9
143.4

127.9
144.1

128.0
144.1

127.2
144.1

127.2
142.5

127.2
141.7

127.2
141.7

127.2
141.7

127.0
141.7

126.1
141.5

123.1
136.9

Metals and metal products...........................
Iron and steel_______________________
Nonferrous metals___________________
Metal containers........................................
Hardware..... ........................ .....................
Plumbing equipment________________
Heating equipment___________ ______
Fabricated structural metal products___
Fabricated nonstructural metal products.
See footnotes at end of table.

153.1 152.2
172.2 171.7
133.7 130.8
156.5 3156. 5
172.5 172.0
124.6 3124.6
121.4 121.4
133.8 133.6
145.4 145.7

151.3
171.8
127.3
156.1
172.0
123.7
121.5
133.1
145.4

150.8
171.3
126.1
155.7
172.0
119.9
121.2
133.3
145.4

148.8
167.0
124.9
155.7
171.7
119.9
121.2
133.1
145.0

148. 8
166.7
124.8
155.7
171.7
122.8
121.0
133.7
145.0

148.6
166.2
123.9
155.7
170.7
122.8
120.8
134.1
145.9

148.6
166.4
124.1
155.7
169.0
123.6
120.8
134.1
145.9

149.8
167.3
127.0
155.7
168.9
124.8
120.7
134.5
146.7

150.1
167.6
127.8
152.8
168.6
125.9
121.3
134.7
146.7

150.0 150.5
166.6 166.5
128.7 130.6
152.8 153.1
168.4 168.1
127.3 128. 5
121.5 121.5
134.6 134.6
147.0 1 147.7

150.4
166.5
130.8
153.1
167.4
128.5
122.1
134.6
147.0

151.2
166.2
137.4
151.2
164.9
130.2
122.1
133.8
144.8

148.4
154.7
156.1
141.6
155.9
133.9
119.0
132.6
136.1


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

119

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able

D-8.

Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities1—Continued
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
Annual
average

1957

1958
Commodity group
Aug.

July

June

May

Apr,

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

Machinery and motive products_________
Agricultural machinery and equipm ent..
Construction machinery and equipment.
Metalworking machinery and equipment.
General purpose machinery and equip­
m ent__________ _____ ____________
Miscellaneous machinery_______ ______
Electrical machinery and equipment___
Motor vehicles______________________

151.2 2149.9 149.4 149.5
141.3 139.2 3138. 9 3137. 7
167.9 3166. 8 166.0 165.6
170.2 3170.0 169.3 169.3

149.5
138. 4
165.6
169.7

149.5
138.3
165.5
169.4

149.4
138.4
165.5
169.6

149.4
138.5
165.4
170.7

149.2
138.3
165.4
170.7

149.3
138.3
165.6
170.7

149.4
138.4
165.6
171.2

149.4
138.3
165.3
171.3

149.2
137.3
165. 2
171.3

146.1
133.6
160.0
167. 0

137.
127.
148.
156.

161.5 160.5
147.7 3147.6
152.5 3152.5
142.9 3139. 7

159.7
147.4
152.5
139.0

160.1
147.6
152.8
139.0

160.1
147.5
152.6
139.0

160.3
147.7
152.6
139.0

159.8
147.6
152.3
139.0

159.6
149.0
151.8
139.0

159.4
148.9
151.3
139.1

159.8
148.8
151.3
139.1

160.8
148.8
151.2
139.1

160.8
148.4
151.1
139.1

160.8
148.1
151.2
138.7

157.6
145.2
149.0
135.4

147.
137.
138.
129.

Furniture and other household durables__
Household furniture_________________
Commercial furniture......................... .
Floor covering.............................................
Household appliances______ ____ _____
Television, radio receivers, and phono­
graphs.................................. ........ ...........
Other household durable goods___ _____

122.9 3123.0 123.0
123.6 123.0 122.8
155.0 155.0 155.0
126.5 3126.5 126.6
103.8 3104.2 3104.0

123.0
122.6
155.0
127.1
104.7

123.2
122.6
155.0
127.1
104.8

123.0
122.5
154.2
128.3
104.9

123.2
122.8
154.2
128.9
104.9

123.4
122.8
154.2
128.9
105.3

123.5
122.8
154.2
129.8
105.3

123. 6
123.3
154.2
130.1
105.3

123.8
123.1
154.1
131.9
105.4

123.5
122.8
154.1
132.6
105.4

122.7
122.8
153.8
132.5
105.1

122.2
122.5
150.4
133.4
105.5

119.
119.
141.
131.
105.

94.9
154.9

94.9
154.7

95.0
155.1

93.7
155.2

94.3
155.1

94.7
155.1

94.7
155.0

94.7
155.0

95.4
155.0

95.8
153.1

95.6
149.5

94.4
148.3

93.
140.

Nonmetallic minerals—stru ctural________
Flat glass......... ...........................................
Concrete ingredients....... ...........................
Concrete products___________________
Structural clay p ro d u cts.........................
Gypsum products___________________
Prepared asphalt roofing............................
Other nonmetallic minerals___________

136.7 3 136.7 136.7
135.0 135.0 135.0
139.1 139.1 139.1
128.2 3128. 2 128.0
158.3 158.2 158.2
133.1 133.1 133.1
118.9 3118.9 3 118.9
131.2 131.2 131.2

135.2
135.3
139.1
128.3
155.6
133.1
103.3
131.2

135.3
135.7
139.0
128.5
155.6
133.1
103.3
131.2

135.2
135. 7
138.9
128.5
155.6
133. 1
103.3
131.2

135.4
135.7
139.0
128.4
155.6
133.1
106.1
131.2

135.4
135.7
138.9
128.0
155.5
133.1
107.2
131.2

135.3
135.7
138.7
128.0
155. 5
133.1
107. 2
131.1

136.5
135. 7
139.0
127.9
155.5
127.1
124.6
131.1

136.4
135. 7
138.9
127.8
155.5
127.1
124.6
131.1

135.7
135.7
136.9
127.2
155.3
127.1
124.6
131.1

135.4
135.7
136.9
126.7
155.1
127.1
124.6
128,5

134.6
135. 7
136.0
126.4
154.0
127.1
122.3
128.0

129.
133.
130.
123.
148.
127.
111.
123.

Tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages______ _________ ____________
Cigarettes__________________________
Cigars_____________________________
Other tobacco manufactures___________
Alcoholic beverages__________________
Nonalcoholic beverages_______________

128.8 3128.8
134.8 134.8
106.6 106.6
139.7 139.7
121.9 3121.9
149.3 149.3

128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.0 128.1 128.1
134.8 134.8 134.8 134.8 134.8 134.8 134.8 134. 8 134.8
106.6 3106.6 3106.6 3106.6 3106.6 3106.6 3106. 6 3106.6 3106.6
139. 7 139.7 130.7 139.7 139.7 139.7 139.7 144.3 144.3
120.3 120.3 120.3 120.3 120.3 120.3 120.3 120.3 120.3
149.3 149.3 149.3 149.3 149.3 149.3 149.3 149.3 149.3

128.0
134.8
105.1
144.3
120.3
149.3

127.8
134.8
105.1
144,3
119.8
149.3

126.1
129.4
105.0
136.0
119.5
149.2

122.
124.
104.
122.
115.
148.

Nov.2 Oct.

94.1
155.0

94.9
155.0

91.2
Miscellaneous products________________
93.2
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, and
ammunition___ ___________________ 118. 6 118.6
Manufactured animal feeds___________
72.6
69.0
Notions and accessories_______________ 97.5
97.5
Jewelry, watches, and photographic
equipment____ _________ __________ 107.9 3107.8
Other miscellaneous products_________ 132.5 132.5

Sept.

92.5

95.6

97.2

93.7

96.2

97.8

94.3

89.3

88.3

87.2

86.. 8

89.6

91.

118.6
71.4
97.5

119.3
76.8
97.5

119.1
79.7
97.5

119.1
73.3
97.5

119.1
78.0
97.5

119.1
80.9
97.5

119.1
74.6
97.5

119.5
65.7
97.5

119.4
64.0
97.4

118.0
62.1
98.5

117.9
61.4
97.8

117.7
67.3
97.3

116.
72.
95.

107.7
132.4

107.7
132.4

107.8
132.3

107.8
132.6

107.3
132.4

107.3
132.4

107.4
131.9

107.3
131.7

107.1
131.5

107.7
130.9

107’. 7
130.9

107.5
128.4

104.
124.

1 See Note and footnote 1, table D-7.
2Preliminary.
2Revised.
4January 1958=100.

T able

D-9.

6Not available.
Source: U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[1947-49= 100]
1958

1957

Commodity group
Nov.2 Oct. Sept. Aug. July June M ay Apr. Mar. Feb.
A11 foods___________________ ______ ________________
All fis h ..____ ___________________ _________________
Special metals and metal products____________________
Metalworking machinery__________ ____ ____________
Machinery and equipment__________________________
Agricultural machinery (including tractors)____________
Total tractors___ _______________________ _____ ____
Steel-mill products___ ___________________ ______ ___
Construction materials 4___________ ____ _____ ____ _
Soaps_________ _______________________ __________
Synthetic detergents..___________ __________________
Refined petroleum products______ _______ _ ________
East Coast petroleum___ ______________ _________
Mid-continent petroleum_________ _____ _________
Gulf Coast petroleum___________________________
Pacific Coast petroleum_________________________
Pulp, paper and products, excl. bldg, paper____________
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes______________________
Lumber and wood products, excl. millwork_____ ______
1 See Note and footnote 1, table D-7.
2 Preliminary.
2 Revised.
4 This index was formerly Building materials.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

107.4 108.3
128. 6 129.6
150.4 3148.8
177.7 177.4
155.8 3155.4
142.3 139.9
150.1 3148.2
188.8 188.1
132.0 3132.1
108.5 3108. 5
101.3 101.3
113.9 114.6
108.0 108.0
116.1 118.1
116.6 116. 3
110.6 110. 6
131.6 131.6
126.0 125. 6
118.6 119.6

109.3 108.5
130.1 129.9
147.9 147. 5
178.0 178.1
155.1 155.2
139.5 3138. 4
147.0 3146.1
188.1 187.8
132.0 130.6
109.8 107.7
101.3 101.3
117.2 116.6
109.2 108.4
117.5 116.4
120.6 120.6
121.3 121.3
131.4 130.7
124.2 123.0
119.6 r 117. 6

110.2
131.2
146.2
178.0
155.2
138.9
147.0
183.0
129.6
107.7
101.3
114.1
107.7
112.0
119.7
118.3
130.6
120.8
115.4

110.6
131.5
146.3
178.0
155. 2
138.7
146.8
183.0
129.5
107.7
101.3
111.9
108.6
112.0
114.3
112.2
130.1
118.8
114.9

111.7
128.6
146.1
178.0
155.0
138.7
146.8
183.1
129.2
109.0
101.0
111. 1
108.0
108.7
114.3
116.4
130.2
117.2
114.3

111.2
122.9
146.1
178.0
155.0
138.8
147.0
183.1
129.0
109.0
101.0
112. 5
111.0
110.8
114.3
117.7
130.2
117.4
114.0

112.4
124.8
146.9
178.0
154.8
138.7
147.3
183.1
129.4
107.1
101.0
113.9
112.3
110.7
117.2
120.4
130.2
125.5
113.7

109.5
126.9
147.1
178.0
154.9
138.7
147.5
183. 2
130.1
107.1
101.0
116.1
114.1
114.3
117.4
124.1
130.6
125.5
114.1

Jan.

Dec. Nov.

108.6
123.7
147.0
178.6
155.0
138.7
147.5
183.2
130.3
107.1
101.0
121.0
116.7
120.7
123. 5
127.7
130. 6
125.5
114.7

106.7
126.6
147.4
178. 7
154.9
138.7
147.4
183.2
130.1
107.2
101.0
121.5
116.7
120.7
123.0
130. 5
130.8
125.6
114.7

106.1
121.2
147.3
178.7
154.9
137.8
146.4
183.2
130.1
107.2
101.0
121. 6
117.2
120.7
123.0
130.5
130.7
125.0
115.4

Annual
average
1957

1956

104.0
119.4
146.9
176.1
151.9
133.7
141.3
178.9
130.6
104.5
99.0
125.8
122.0
124.3
128.8
132.3
129.3
121. 5
117.7

100.8
114.1
143.3
165.0
142.1
127.4
132.5
163.2
130.6
99.7
95.1
117.5
114.6
118.3
118.8
117.4
127.0
115.4
124.9

Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

120
T able D-10.

Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing 1
[1947-49=100]
1958

Annual
average

1957

Commodity group
N ov.2 Oct.

Sept. Aug. July

June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan.

Dec. Nov.

1957

1956

All commodities....................................................................... 119.2 119.0 119.1 119.1 119.2 119.2 119.5 119.3 119.7 119.0 118.9 118.5 118.1 117.6 114.3
Crude materials for further processing_________________
Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs___________________
Crude nonfood materials except fuel_______________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for manufacturing......................................................... ........
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for construction..................... ........................ .................
Crude fuel............ ........... ................................................
Crude fuel for manufacturing_________________
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing Industry______

98.4 98.0 98.4 99.1 100.0 100.7 101.7 100.3 101.5 99.5 97.5 96.4 95.3 97.2 95.0
89.9 89.3 90.7 92.1 94.3 95.7 97.7 95.4 96.7 93.2 90.3 88.5 86.8 87.7 84.0
111.2 111.1 109.6 109.3 107.7 107.0 106.0 106.3 107.1 107.9 107.6 107.7 108.1 112.5 114.2

Intermediate materials, supplies, and compononts______
Intermediate materials and components for manufacturing......................................... ...............................
Intermediate materials for food manufacturing___
Intermediate materials for nondurable manufacturing__________________________ ___ _
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing.
Components for manufacturing________________
Materials and components for construction_________
Processed fuels and lubricants____________________
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing. __
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufacturing in d u stry ..____________________________
Containers, nonreturnable______________ ________
Supplies......... ........... ............ .........................................
Supplies for manufacturing___________________
Supplies for nonmanufacturing industry________
Manufactured animal feeds____ ___ _______
Other supplies__________________________
Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods and
fuels)__________________ _____________ ______ ____
Consumer finished goods________________________
Consumer foods_____________________________
Consumer crude foods____________________
Consumer processed foods.. ________ _____
Consumer other nondurable goods_____________
Consumer durable goods_____________________
Producer finished goods____________ ____________
Producer goods for manufacturing industries____
Producer goods for nonmanufacturing industries..

125.8 125.4 125.4 125.3 125.0 124.7 124.9 125.1 125.0 125.0 125.4 125.4 125.3 125.1 122.1

109.8 109.7 108.1 107.8 106.0 105.2 104.1 104.4 105 3 106.3 105.9 106.2 106.6 111.5 113.6
139.1
123.2
122.8
123.8

139.1
121.8
121.4
122.3

139.1
123.1
122.7
123.7

139.1
120.6
120.3
121.1

139.0
118.8
118.5
119.2

138.9
118.2
117.9
118.5

139.0
117.9
117.6
118.3

138.9
117.9
117.7
118.3

138. 7
123.4
123.0
124.1

139.0
123.5
123.1
124.2

138.9
123.0
122.6
123.6

136.9
122.4
122.1
123.0

136.9
120.5
120.2
121.0

136.0
119.7
119.4
120.1

130.6
113.3
113.0
113.7

127.9 127.6 127.3 127.2 126.7 126.9 126.8 126.9 127.1 127.3 127.5 127.6 127.5 126.9 123.7
101.1 3101.4 101.5 101.8 102.6 103.4 103.5 103. 2 102.4 102.5 102.4 101.6 100.8 99.9 98.0
104.2
156.2
150.2
134.2
105.6
104.9

104.1
155.4
049.8
133.7
107.7
106.6

104.2
155.0
149.5
132.7
107.6
106.5

104.3
152.9
149.5
132.1
106.0
105.1

104 5
152. 9
149.4
132.1
105.0
104.5

104.6
152.9
149.C
132.0
104.6
104.2

105.0
152.9
148.5
131.8
105.4
105.0

105. 2
153.5
148.8
131.9
106.1
105.7

105. 4
153.6
149. 1
132.6
107 7
107.2

105 7
153.8
149.3
133.0
111.1
109.9

105 8
154 2
149.3
132. 9
111.4
110.2

105.8
154.2
149.2
133.0
111. 1
109.9

105.7
153.2
148.3
132.9
113.0
111.2

104.3
148.5
142.9
132.0
106.7
105.3

106.5 106.9
138.0 3137.9
114.9 3113.5
140.4 3140.5
103.0 101.0
72.4 66. S
120.9 3121.0

109. 6
137.7
113.7
139.3
101.8
69.5
120.7

109.5
137.7
114.8
138.2
103.5
74.0
120.9

107.6
137.5
116.1
139.1
105.0
77.7
121.0

106. 0
137.4
114.6
139.4
102.9
71.7
121.2

105. 4
137. 5
116.3
139.6
105.1
76.9
121.6

106.2
137.1
117.3
140 6
106.1
79.8
121.6

107.0
137.0
115.5
140.4
103.7
73.4
121.5

108.7
136. 3
113 2
140.7
100.5
65.1
121.3

113.1
136.4
112.7
140.6
99.9
63. 5
121.3

113.5
136.6
112.4
140.6
99.5
62.0
121.6

113.3
135.5
112.1
140.6
99.2
61.2
121.5

116.0
134. 3
112.5
137.6
101.1
67.6
120.7

109.1
128.5
111.3
132.9
101.6
72.9
118.2

104.3
156.8
150. 8
134.1
105.4
104.8

120.6 3120.6 120.9 120.6 120.8 120.7 121. C 120.9 121.4 120.6 120.6 119. S 119.6 118.1 114.0
113.1 3113.3 113. 7 113.3 113.7 113.6 113.9 113.7 114.4 113.3 113.3 112.5 112.2 111.1 108.0
109.6 110.8 110.0 111.5 111.6 112.5 111.9 113.1 110. 1 109.2 107.2 106.8 104.5 101.0

108.5
9 7 .9
110.8
112.0
126.1
151.4
156.2
147.4

100.6
111.5
112.2
3125. C
150.3
3155. C
3146.3
I

100. 6
113.0
112.2
124.6
150.1
154.8
146.1

94.1
113.3
112.0
124.7
150.0
154.6
146.2

1 See footnote 1 , table D - 7 .
2 Preliminary.
3 Revised.

95 .7
114.8
111.4
124.7
150.0
154. 6
146.0

93 .2
115.5

102.4
114.7

105.9
113.3
111. 1
124.7 124.8
150.C 150.1
154.7 154.7
146.0 146.3

111.0 110. fi
124.7
150.0
154. 7
146.0

117.3
112.4
111.5
124.9
150.0
154. 5
146.3

105.8
111. 1
111.8
124.9
150.1
154.6
146.3

102.8
110.6
112.5
125.1
150.1
154. 6
146.3

104.0
108.0
112.6
124.9
150.1
154.5
146.3

105.4
107.3
112.3
124.7
149.8
154. 1
146.1

95 .0
9 6 .2
106.4 102.1
112.4 109.9
123.3 119.7
146.7 138.1
151. 2 142.2
142.9 134.9

N ote: For a description of these series, see New BLS Economic Sector
Indexes of Wholesale Prices, Monthly Labor Review, December 1955 (p.
1448).
Source: U . S . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

T able D - l l .

Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product
[1947-49= 100]
1958

1957

Annual
average

Commodity group
Nov.1 Oct.
All commodities______________________
Total durable goods________________
Total nondurable goods_____________
Total manufactures____________
Durable manufactures______________
Nondurable manufactures ........... ........
Total raw or slightly processed goods___
Durable raw or slightly processed goods
Nondurable raw or slightly processed
goods..................... ....................... ........
P relim inary.
2 Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

119.2 119.0
144.4 143.7
105. 5 2105.6
124.8 124. 5
145.4 2144. 7
108.4 2 108. 5
100.7 100.8
114.4 113.7
99.9

100.0

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1957

1956

119.1
143.2
106.1
124.6
144. 3
109.1
101.0
111.5

119.1
142.8
106. 2
124.6
143. 9
109.4
100.6
111.7

119.2
142.1
106.8
124.6
143.3
109.8
101.3
106.8

119.2
142.1
106.8
124.5
143.3
109.7
101.4
106.1

119.5
141.9
107.3
124.5
143.2
109.7
103.1
102.9

119.3
141.9
107. 1
124.5
143.3
109.6
102.6
103.1

119.7
142.2
107.5
124.3
143.4
109.2
104.9
105.9

119.0
142.4
106. 4
124.1
143.6
108.8
102.3
107.1

118.9
142.5
106.1
124.4
143.7
109.2
100.5
104.7

118.5
142.5
105.4
124.1
143.8
108. 5
99.8
104.8

118.1
142.4
105.0
123.8
143.6
108.2
99.1
105.4

117.6
141.4
104.7
123.2
142.0
108.4
98.9
122.3

114.3
136.7
102.1
119.5
136.8
105.8
97.0
136.3

100.4

100.0

101.0 101.2

103.2

102.6

104.8

102.0

100.2

99.5

98.7

97.7

94.9

N ote: For a description of these series and data beginning with
Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, 1 957 , BLS Bull. 1235 ( 1958 ) .
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 947 ,

see

121

E.—WORK STOPPAGES

E.—Work Stoppages
T able E -l.

Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Workers involved in stoppages

Number of stoppages
Month and year

1 9 3 5 -3 9 ( average)
1 9 4 7 -4 9 ( average)
1 945 — ..............................
1 9 4 6 . . . ...........................
1 947 — .........................
1 9 4 8 .............. ....................
1 9 4 9 — ...........................
1 950
______
1 951
.............
1 952
________________________________________________
1 953
.............
1 954
........... .
1 955
........... .
1 956
... ..
1 957
.............

Beginning in
month or year

In effect dur­
ing month

Beginning in
month or year

In eflect dur­
ing month

1.130.000
2,380, 000
3, 470, 000
4, 600, 000
2,170, 000
1, 960,000
3,030, 000
2, 410,000

2,862
3, 573
4,750
4,985
3,693
3,419
3, 606
4,843
4, 737
5,117
5,091
3, 468
4,320
3,825
3,673

2, 220,000

3, 540, 000
2, 400, 000
1, 530, 000
2, 650,000
1.900.000
1.390.000

Man-days idle during month
or year

Number

Percent of esti­
mated work­
ing time

16.900.000
39, 700,000
38,000,000
116,000, 000
34,600, 000
34.100.000
50, 500, 000
38, 800, 000
22.900.000
59.100, 000
28,300. 000
22, 600, 000
28,200, 000
33.100, 000
16, 500,000

0.27
.46
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.59
.44
.23
.57
.26

.21
.26
.29
.14

1957: December.

108

220

31,000

54,000

404,000

.04

1958: January 3__
February 3—
March 2___
A pril3____
May 3_.........
June 3_____
Ju ly 3...........
A ugust3__
September 3.
October 2__
November 3.
December3.

200

300
275
300
375
475
500
525
475
575
525
400
300

90.000
45.000
165.000

110,000

750.000
500.000

.07
.06
.13
.13

150

200

275
350
350
350
300
400
300
200

150

i The data include all known work stoppages involving six or more workers
and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers involved and
man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift in establish­
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or
secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose employees are
made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
P0


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

70, 000

200,000

110.000

160,000

1,200, 000

150.000
160.000
160,000
140.000
400, 000
450, 000
225.000
60, 000

200,000

2 , 000,000

250, 000
240.000
250.000
500.000
525.000
300.000
180, 000

1, 250, 000

.21

1, 650, 000
1,700,000

.18
.18

2, 500,000
5, 250, 000
2, 500,000

.28
.53
.30

2 , 000,000

2, 000,000

.22
.21

* Preliminary.
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

122

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

F.—Building and Construction
Table F -l.

Expenditures for new construction 1
[Value of work put In place]
Expenditures (in millions of dollars)

Type of construction

1958
Dec.2 Nov.3 Oct.3

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

Total new construction________________

4,024

4,448

4,745

4,751

4,707

4.548

Private construction....................................
Residential buildings (nonfarm)._ . . .
New dwelling u n i t s .......................
Additions and alterations ______
Nonhousekeeping_____________
Nonresidential buildings 4 ________
Industrial......................... ..............
Commercial__________________
Office buildings and warehouses....................................
S tores, r e s ta u ra n ts , and
garages _______________
Other nonresidential buildings__
Religious
_______________
Educational.............................
Hospital and institutional
Social and recreational______
Miscellaneous_____________
Farm construction.................. ........... .
Public utilities___ _________ _____ _
Railroad.._____ _________ _____
Telephone and telegraph........... .
Other public utilities _________
All other private....................................
Public construction_____ ____ _________
Residential buildings 9______ ______
Nonresidential buildings (other than
military facilities)— ........................
Industrial____________________
Educational. _____ __________
Hospital and institutional. ____
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildings__
Military facilities 7________________
Highways ____________ _______
Sewer and water systems. ....... ........
Sewer...........................................
W a te r............................................
Public service enterprises.......... ........
Conservation and development_____
All other public........................... ........

2,887
1,605
1, 260
288
57
722
176
305

3,119
1,741
1,330
354
57
760
178
327

3,184
1,764
1,340
370
54
750
175
319

3,172
1,732
1,315
366
51
741
174
315

3,153
1,708
1,275
382
51
743
179
316

3,082
1,645
1, 205
388
52
754
185
326

163

167

165

167

169

142
241
78
50
49
39
25
100
444
19

160
255
81
52
50
42
30
114
487
21
71
395
17
1,329
84

154
256
81
53
51
44
27
134
519
22
79
418
17
1,561
82

148
252
80
53
52
43
24
161
520
27
75
418
18
1,579
73

147
248
79
52
53
42
22
173
512
25
71
416
17
1,554
71

379
30
229
37
47
36
125
485
117
72
45
35

427
31
259
41
55
41
140
630
124
76
48
45
96
17

430
31
259
40
58
42
135
645
130
80
50
52
97
17

428
32
259
39
55
43
120
635
133
81
52
52
100
15

66

359
16
1,137
88
361
28
227
32
41
33
110
350
109
69
40
30
74
15

88
16

1 Estimated monetary value of new construction put in place during the
periods shown, including major additions and alterations but excluding
maintenance and repair. These figures differ from permit-valuation data
reported in the tabulations for building-permit activity (tables F-3, F -4 ,
and F-5) and the data on value of contract awards (table F-2).
3 Subject to revision.
8 Revised.
4 Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential build­
ing are included under “ Public utilities.”
8 Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
9 Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as house­
keeping units.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1958 2

1957

Jan.

Dec.

Total

Total

May

Apr.

Mar.

4, 347

4,000

3,636

3, 342

3.106

3,326

3. 763

48,980 48,115

2,959
1,559
1,125
382
52
735
193
315

2, 752
1,421
1,015
355
51
698
204
285

2.551
1,289
945
296
48
677
218
263

2,410
1,177
890
239
48
689
235
262

2, 270
1,078
810
219
49
705
252
258

2,408
1,165
895
220
50
746
274
270

2, 737
1,365
1,050
265
50
799
277
306

33,947 33, 988
17,884 17,019
13,405 12,615
3,859 3,903
620
501
8,720 9, 556
2,443 3, 557
3, 561 3,564

169

169

165

163

161

161

167

178

1,986 1,893

157
243
75
50
52
41
25
169
494
19
76
399
20
1,466
69

146
227
70
46
51
37
23
160
486
25
77
384
19
1,388
65

120
209
65
43
51
32
18
146
470
25
81
364
17
1,248
63

100
196
61
42
50
28
15
126
446
24
82
340
13
1,085
62

101
192
61
41
50
26
14
113
419
23
80
316
12
932
60

97
195
64
42
50
25
14
104
372
21
71
280
11
830
56

103
202
68
43
51
25
15
100
385
25
74
286
12
918
59

128
216
74
46
51
27
18
459
32
78
349
14
1,026
54

1,575 1,671
2, 716 2, 435
863
868
567
525
610
525
424
311
252
206
1,600 1, 590
5, 554 5,624
276
406
903 1,068
4,375 4,150
189
199
15,033 14,127
832
506

421
33
262
37
49
40
105
585
128
77
51
47
98
13

411
34
257
34
46
40
95
545
123
73
50
41
96
12

386
34
239
32
43
38
88
455
118
69
49
39
87
12

374
31
238
31
39
35
80
335
111
65
46
33
79
11

350
29
222
29
36
34
77
235
105
62
43
28

312
28
201
24
30
29
73
220
91
54
37
21
56
7

343
29
225
25
31
33
87
230
99
59
40
27
65
8

343
31
226
25
31
30
97
334
99
62
37
25
67
7

68
9

Feb.

1957

too

4,622
370
2,877
401
530
444
1, 235
5,350
1,388
837
551
450
1,004
152

4,503
473
2, 825
350
439
416
1,322
4, 971
1,344
781
563
393
971
117

7 Covers all building and nonbuilding construction, except production
facilities (which are included in public industrial building), and Armed
Forces housing under the Capehart program (which is included in public
residential building).
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954). See also Technical
Note on Revised Estimates of Residential Additions and Alterations, 1945-56
(in Monthly Labor Review, August 1957, p. 973).
Source: Joint estimates of the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics and U. S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense
Services Administration.

123

F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION

T able F-2.

Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of construction 1
Value (in millions of dollars)

Oct.
Total public construction.....................

1957

1958

Ownership and type of construction
Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

946.1 1,177.7 1,277.6 1, 252.1 1,812.8 1,608.0 1,165. 5 941.5

112.7 222.7
223.6 166.8 695.2 474.2
86.4
115.1
42.4 101.3
52.4
18.7
54.6
44.8 239.8 184.9
39.0
28.3
.5
.6
2.2
1.8
5.0
13.8
1.2
.4
.8
.1
11.2
27.0
6.9
1.2
14.0
29.1
9.9
37.8
28.6 177.0 123.8
20.7
50.0
27.8
.4
11.9
9.0
37.7
1.5
63.6
3.9
22.5
1.8
5.7
36.2
4.3
9.2
1.6
10.2
.1
.9
1.8
14.1
54.4
17.6
30.6
21.9
67.0
11.4
21.4
53.2 160.3 120.3
2.7
73.9
29.4
23.2
23.3
6.1 133.1
3.4
9.3
25.4
9.4
8.0
11.8
18.2
6.3
13.1
1.0
1.9
13.9
4.7
31.4
55.9
3.9
17.8
3.8
833.4 955.0 1, 054. 0 1,085.3 1,117.6 1,133. 8
70.3
31.9
35.8
67.6
31.7
64.8
286.7 271. C 325.9 327.0 335. 6 355.9
227.1 225.1 212.3 229.2
196.6 197.3
36.4
36.7
31.4
19.6
55.8
17.3
53.4
35.8
40.6
34.8
28.1
25.7
29.4
36.9
32.6
26.9
28.4
44.7
519. C 525.6 461.0 418.8
387.5 420.2
76.6
91. C 116.1 104.7 129.2
74.9
73.1
49. ;
66. £ 77.3
74.5
50.5
56.1
24.1
38.8
30.2
24.4
27.3
P u b l i e s e r y ie e e n t e r p r is e s
55.4 114.0 137.4
89.4
53.9
21.8
21.2
18.9
84.2 107.3
69.4
6.0
Electric power.!......... ...............
36.5
30.1
20. (
32.7
29.8
O th e r .____________________
15.8
6.4
9.0
12.2
17.1
Conservation and development___
12.0
12.5
15.8
16.2
20.3
17.6
All other State and locally ow ned...
21.0
18.3

Federally ow ned2...................................
Residential buildings___________
Nonresidential buildings................
Educational....................... ......
Hospital and institutional____
Administrative and service----Other nonresidential buildings.
Airfield buildings________
Troop housing.....................
Warehouses_____________
All other...............................
Airfields 4_________________ ____
Conservation and development___
Highways_____________________
Electric power_________________
All other federally owned...... ..........
State and locally owned_____________
Residential buildings_______ ____
Nonresidential buildings.................
Educational________________
Hospital and institutional___
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildings.
Highways_____________________
Sewer and water systems________
Sewer_____________________
W ater_____________________

Nov.

Oct.

1956

Total

Total

Feb.

Jan.

822.6

696.5

718.9

871.1

891.5 11,473.8 10, 423.1

120.2
47.5
42.8
.8
.8
10.5
30.7
1.8

58.4
3.2
28.7
.4
.2
9.9
18.2
1.2
.4

125.9
.2
41.2
2.0
20.0
2.9
16.3
.6
1.0

141.3
56.5
46.8
.3
3.7
23.7
19.1
3.9

273.9 189.7 121.9
29.2 33.0
52.0
22.2
122.8 79.0
3.2
6.3
5.8
.3
12.9 14.7
6.4
24.7 16.2
12.3
78.9 42.3
1.9
38.1 13.9
.5
8.0
4.0
3.5
4.4
1.0
8.9
29.3 20.0
17.5
29.7 18.0
68.5 28.5
12.7
5.4
9.9
3.6
3.4 16.6
4.0
10.4 11.0
8.1
891.6 751.8 700.7
47.2 30.9
30.7
326.5 311.0 279.2
208.8 213.2 188.3
17.9
32.5 37.3
48.4
40.5 31.6
44.7 28.9
24.6
365.5 291.4 213.2
95.9 80.4
56.9
66. C 48. £ 37. £
29.9 31.5
19.0
24.5 24.4 108.2
12.1
6.1 102.9
1 2 .4
5. £
18. ;
15.7
3.4
7.5
16.3 10.3
5.0

(3)

Dec.

1957

.8 (3)
(3)
14.7
28.1
16.6
1.4
.3
8.3
21.2
14.3
8.0
2.2
4.8
3.7
3.7
59.7
1.5
3.4
7.3
1.1
576.3 660.5 745.2
20.2
23.3
21.8
239.5 238.7 267.7
169.5 163.7 207.4
19.8
15.8
15.0
24.6
18.8
30.7
36.4
19.9
24.3
207.2 272.1 334.6
93.4
75.2
94.5
44.4
65.1
55. S
19.4
29.4
49. C
19.4
15.0
16.0
9.4
5.3
7.0
9.7
9. (
10. (
6.9
10.8
11.2
4.4
4.3
5.8

(3)

(3)
15.2
3.5
22.7
7.6
.8
3.4
750.2
55.2
303.5
215.4
41.6
19.7
26.8
248.0
77.0
42.7
34.;
48.2
24.3
23. (
8.4
9.9

2,317.3
406.2
776.5
48.4
78.9
148.3
500.9
98.9
60.9
35.0
306.1
182.2
563.8
91. 5
140.3
156.8
9,156. 5
326.7
3, 409.4
2,450. 5
287.1
315.4
356.4
3, 825.1
1,034.2
619.4
414.8
364.2
200.1
164J
112.7
84.2

2,088.3
136.0
924.3
27. 1
43.9
87.3
766.0
76.2
123.2
63.3
503.3
155.9
539.0
91.8
177.4
63.9
8,334. 8
253.2
3, 202.8
2, 289.0
278.9
320.8
314.1
3,211.6
1,100.0
658.9
441.1
336.5
227.2
109.3
139.3
91.4

l

1 Includes major force account projects started (construction done directly
by a government agency using a separate work force to perform nonmaintenance construction on the agency’s own property).
2 Includes construction contracts awarded under Lease-Purchase pro­
grams which terminated with P. L. 85-844, approved August 28,1958.
3 Less than $50,000.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4 Beginning with January 1958, includes missile launching facilities which
were previously included under All other federally owned.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics and IT. S.
Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration.

124

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY

I able F-3.

1959

Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership, class of construction,
and type of building 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)

Class of construction, ownership, and
type of building

1958
Oct.

All building construction. .............. .
Private_______ _____________
Public________ _____________
New residential building______ ____
Dwelling units ( h o u s e k e e p in g
o n ly ) ............ ...... .........................
Privately owned____________
1family_______
2familv..............
3- and 4-family....................
5-or-more family_________
Publiclv ow ned... _________
Nonhousekeeptne buildings
New nonresidential buildings________
Commercial buildings___________
Amusement buildings. ........—
Commercial garages..... ...........
Gasoline and service stations...
Office buildings..........................
Stores and other mercantile
buildings_________________
Community buildings___________
Educational buildings ______
Institutional buildings_______
Religious buildings__________
Garages, private residential.............
Industrial buildings_____________
Public utilities buildings................
All other nonresidential buildings..
Additions and alterations___________

Sept. Aug.2 July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.2

1957

1956

Total

Total

1,905.9 1.846. 3 1, 942.0 1,952.6 2,042. 6 1,920.1 1, 797.1 1, 516. 8 1,110.1 1,153.0 1,097.2 1, 230. 6 1,658.8 18,142.3 18, 787.8
1, 688. 3 1,594.3 1, 665. 6 1,732. 9 1,703.1 1,557.7 1, 568.3 1,324. 5 938.4 995.1 958. 2 1,061. 9 1, 457.9 15, 997.0 16,903.4
217.6 252.0 276.4 219.8 339.5 362.4 228.8 192.3 171. 7 157.9 139.0 168.7 200.9 2,145.3 1,884.4
1,128.0 1,116.2 1,053. 0 1.083.2 1,056.1 1,024.3 959.1 779.1 536.9 578.4 556.9 649.0 900.0 9, 404.2 10,291.9
1,107. 5 1,103.0 1,035. 6 1,062. 8 1,037. 4 1,001.9 942.8 760.0 525.0 563.1 535.4 635.8 874.6 9, 220.0
1,083. 6 1,020.9 982.1 1.039.3 953. 6 935.8 916.9 729.5 491.4 548.2 525.2 604.5 828.0 8. 937. 6 10.149.6
9, 971.9
951.8 897.5 856.4 888.0 838.4 813.3 793.2 622.8 419.0 464.4 451.6 536.4 730.9 7, 922.0 9,
221.8
26.1
25.2
25.5
23.7
22.2
27. 5 21.3
25.5
15.7
17.1
16.9
17.8
22.6
228.7
215.0
13.5
15.1
14.2
14.5
10.3
11.6
10.8
11.0
8.4
8.7
6.5
8.9
10.0
111.6
87.9
92.3
83.0
86.0 113.2 82.7
85.4
85.4
74.4
48.3
50.0
58.0
41.6
64.6
675.3
447.2
23.9
82.1
53.5
23.5
83.8
66.1
25.8
30.5
33.6
31.3
10.2
14.9
46.6
282.4
177.7
20.4
13.3
17.5
20.4
18.7
22.4
16.3
19.1
11.9
15.2
25.4
13.2
21.5
184.2
142.3
602.3 559.8 719.9 672.9 795.1 727.6 656. 9 586.2 452.3 435.6 433. 9 459. 1 603.8 6, 834.1 6, 664.
219.2 171. 5 249.2 236.2 201.4 263.0 269.9 228.6 149.8 140. 6 151.4 147.4 203.9 2.224.0 2,184. 57
12.8
14.3
16.1
21.9
30.8
17.6
17.8
14.7
13.3
11.6
10.2
11.6
18.2
139.8
116.1
4.5
3.7
5.6
8.9
6.8
4.1
6.6
5.0
2.1
3.4
5.1
2.9
4.2
57.5
60.6
11.4
10.8
10.4
11.0
11.0
11.2
11.6
11.3
9.9
8.8
10.2
10.3
13.0
159.1
165.5
106.5
63.6 117.3
92.6
64.0 139.9 116.7 119.9
64.8
67.4
56.0
92.2
60.3
975.7
828.3
84.0
79.2
99.8
92.9
97.6
90.3 117.2
58.1
79.0
60.0
60.3
82.1
55.7
891.8 1, 014.3
223.6 246.1 261.1 268.6 235.0 276.6 219. 5 236.6 171.9 168.7 163.3 194.2 227. 5 2, 478.
6 2,263.1
149.3 167.5 171.0 139.4 144.0 149.9 119.2 159.6 118.4 108.9 108.6
98.8 138.3 1, 491.8 1,431.4
33.0
37.5
49.9
78.1
47.5
81.0
51.0
40.8
26.2
33.7
61.0
27.3
48.6
522.6
380.3
41.3
41.1
40.1
51.2
43.5
45.6
49.2
36.2
27.4
26.1
27.3
34.4
40.6
464.2
451.4
21.3
21.9
19.4
19.4
19.2
19.1
18.2
10.3
4.8
6.3
5.9
12.2
21.9
200.4
201.9
71.3
56.8
70.8
61.5 2 204.1
61.9
53.6
57.5
44.9
62.8
95.2 1,085. 9 1.273.3
59.8
63.8
34.1
33.3
64.0
30.4
24.2
36.9
55.5
21.2
47.4
28.4
24.7
22.1
25.3
423.5
328.4
32.7
30.2
55.4
62.9 105.1
59.9
50.6
33. 5 29.2
32.0
26.9
20.8
30.0
421.7
413.0
175.7 170.3 169.0 196.5 191.4 168.2 181.1 151.5 120.8 139.0 106.4 122.5 155.1 1.904.0
1.831.4

J’Data relate to building construction authorized by local building permits
in all localities (over 7,000) having building-permit systems—rural nonfarm
as well as urban. Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded
for Federal projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) in
permit-issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered
by builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects;
construction undertaken by State and local government? is reported by local
officials. Because permit valuations generally understate the actual cost of
construction and because of lapsed permits and the lag between permit

T able F-4.

1957

issuance or contract-awarded dates and start of construction, these data do
not represent the volume of building construction started.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
2 Revised.
2 Includes a retroactive building permit issued during the month for a steel
plant, valued at $120 million, which was actually begun early in 1957.
S ource: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and geographic region 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)

Class of construction and
geographic region

1958
Oct.

Sept.

Aug.2 July

June

1957

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.2

1957

1956

Total

Total

All building construction 2 ____
1, 905. 9 1, 846.3 1, 942.0 1,952.6 2,042. 6 1,920.1 1, 797. 1 1, 516.8 1,110.1 1,153. 0 1,097.2 1,230. 6 1, 658.8 18,142.3 18, 787.8
Northeast______________ ______
357.9 383.0 397.1 364.2 387.1 380.4 360.4 270. 5 189.4 215.7 219.4 272.9 363.4 3¡ 878.8 4,056.2
North Central_______________
575.8 536. 3 519.3 568.0 643. 2 531. 5 539. 0 395.4 224.2 231.2 319. 0 324.9 489.6 5,282.1 5, 681.0
South____________________
516.2 472.8 532.6 499.3 508. 3 518. 2 457. 1 418.9 370.3 375.7 288.2 324.3 401.1 4, 614. 8 4, 467.0
West ______________________
456. 1 454.2 493.1 521.1 504.0 489.9 440. 6 431.9 326.2 330.4 270.6 308. 6 404.7 4, 366. 6 4,
583.5
New dwelling units (housekeeping
only)............. ........................................ 1,107. 5 1,103. 0 1,035. 6 1,062. 8 1,037.4 1,001.9 942.8 760.0 525.0 563.1 535. 4 635.8
874. 6 9, 220.0 10,149. 6
Northeast_____________________
198.7 230.8 195.4 198. 1 203. 2 220. 8 189.2 131.2
59.7
79.7 102.1 139.0 180. 4 1, 864 4 2 200 4
North Central_________________
336.8 317.3 278.2 304.9 279. 9 273.7 278.4 205. 1 102.7 109. 1 131. 4 165.0 253. 3 2, 644.3 3,144.7
South_________________________ 283.1 282.7 267.5 275.8 281.3 245.7 248.5 218. 7 198.2 195. 6 155.9 169.3
210. 7 2,361.9 2, 346.0
W est________________ ____
288. 9 272.3 294.4 284.0 273.1 261.7 226.6 205.0 164. 4 178.7 146.0 162.6 230.1
2,349.3 2,458.5
New nonresidential b u ildings___
602.3 559.8 719.9 672.9 795. 1 727.6 656.9 586.2 452.3 435.6 433.9 459. 1 603.8
6,834.1 6, 664. 5
Northeast_____________________
118.8 114.7 156.6 121.5 137. 1 123.7 132.1 109.8 107.7 107.5
89.8
100.8
134.4
1, 550. 0 1 435 8
North Central_________________
184.4 165.0 196.4 208.9 311.4 210.9 211.0
91.9
89.3 156.9 128.5 193.6 2,104.0 1, 993. 5
South_________________________ 181. 5 140.2 212.8 162.0 174.4 216.5 151.5 148.2
154.9 130.1 131.3
91.8 119.0 144.5 1, 664.3 1, 596.9
West______________________
117. 5 139.9 154.1 180.6 172.2 176.5 162.3 173.2 122.7 107.5
95.4
131.3 L 515.7 1, 638.3
Additions and alteratio n s._____
175. 7 170.3 169.0 196.5 191.4 168.2 181.1 151. 5 120.8 139.0 106.4 110.7
122.5 155.1 1,904.0 1,831. 4
Northeast___ __________
36.6
35.5
41.3
42.5
44.2
34.9
35.9
28.2
20.8
24.7
23.5
29.4
35.1
424.6
394.5
North Central_________________
50.5
51.7
41.7
48.6
48.2
45.4
46.5
40.0
28.3
32.2
25.5
29.6
38.9
499.9
510. 7
South_________________________
48. 2 45.0
45.3
48. 9 45.7
53.7
51.2
41.8
37.8
43.3
30.4
32.2
41.7
520.6
481.9
W e s t..___________________
40.4
38.2
40.8
51.6
50.1
42.2
47.6
41.4
33.9
38.8
27.1
31.3
39.3
458.8
444.3
1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
2 Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

* Includes new non housekeeping residential building, not shown separately.
S ource- L. 8 . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

125

F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION

Table F-5. Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan location and State 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
1958

State and location
Sept.

Aug.2 July

June

May

1957
Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.2 Sept.

1957

1966

Total

Total

All States. . ----------- ------------------ 1, 846.3 1,942.0 1,952.6 2,042. 6 1, 920.1 1, 797.1 1, 516.8 1,110.1 1,153.0 1,097. 2 1, 230. 6 1, 658.8 1, 602. 4 18,142. 3 18,787.8
Metropolitan areas 8____________ 1,437. 5 1, 533. 2 1, 533. 0 1,581.6 1, 483.0 1, 388. 9 1,196.6 881.2 918.2 860.2 957.8 1, 291. 7 1,253.0 14,104.1 14,688. 9
Nonmetropolitan areas__________ 408.8 408.8 419.6 461.0 437.1 408.2 320.2 228.9 234.8 237.0 272.8 367.1 349.4 4,038. 2 4, 098.9
Alabama_______ _____ _________ —
Arizona__ _______________________
Arkansas------------ ------------------------California_____________ __________
Colorado--------- ----------- ----------------

18.8
23.0
7.5
297.1
25.5

23.9
39.9
6.6
313.8
27.4

22.8
23.6
7.0
373.2
27.9

25.3
25.5
9.8
340.4
34.8

20.8
33.1
5.3
308.1
37.9

18.2
20.5
7.9
275.0
25.6

21.1
23.6
6.3
317.4
15.1

16.6
19.9
4.6
208.6
24.3

15.3
13.2
4.3
247.2
15.8

16.5
13.0
3.3
195.1
16.0

15.6
15.1
4.4
216.1
17.6

13.0
17.6
5.7
291.0
24.0

14.1
19.4
5.7
229.5
21.2

Connecticut______________________
Delaware.. ------------------------------District of Columbia_____ ____ _____
Florida________ ______________ ____
Georgia___________________________

35.4
7.6
10.3
81.6
26.4

33.1
13.1
42.9
76.7
23.7

32.0
8.4
12.6
88.9
24.4

30.8
6.2
13.8
78.3
25.8

30.6
6.7
66.5
84.1
27.8

30.9
6.1
8.3
83.3
36.6

20.2
3.6
6.4
69.6
27.3

17.7
6.9
9.3
83.5
19.6

18.7
7.0
12.9
70.9
28.3

18.4
2.3
3.1
77.0
17.1

27.9
4.5
13.7
73.4
15.3

25.2
6.1
9.1
79.4
22.9

36.4
5.9
13.2
74.5
24.4

Idaho____________________________
Illinois __________________________
Indiana------------- ------------------------Io w a --------- ------- ------------------------Kansas ______ ______________ ____-

3.9
111.3
43.3
20.5
14.3

4.5
106.5
33.3
36.9
13.5

4.6
130.0
33.2
21.6
12.7

3.5
233.0
33.1
19.3
11.3

4.5
136. 2
33.4
18.5
12.6

5.9
112.9
33.7
16.8
14.6

3.9
110.2
30.4
17.4
10.6

1.6
53.8
21.3
3.9
10.0

1.3
55.8
22.5
6.5
11.5

1.8
93.8
20.0
7.9
10.9

2.5
73.6
19.3
12.5
7.1

4.7
109.0
44.1
16.6
10.8

3.0
105. 9
43.9
17.1
12.6

K entucky________ ________________
Louisiana_________________________
M aine___________________________
M aryland_______ _____ _____ _____
Massachusetts_____________________

19.2
35.1
2. £
48. £
40.4

17.8
34.6
4.2
67.4
34.8

15.6
26.6
3.3
41.2
48.3

19.8
29.3
4.4
48.3
68.8

12.2
29.6
2.9
39.4
47.4

13.5
21.0
4.1
35.7
50.3

15.5
31.2
.9
35.4
31.5

6.3
17.3
.3
28.0
14.0

13.5
32.3
.7
27.2
24.0

5.0
19. 6
.8
24.0
24.2

10.5
16.8
1.3
33.4
26.6

12.2
23.0
2.7
55.2
38.4

16.5
20.1
3.2
30.1
31.5

169.1
250.5
29.2
446.7
440.5

168.2
273.1
33. 9
430.4
470.4

Michigan_________________________
M in n eso ta..._____ ______ _________
Mississippi_______________________
Missouri__________________________
M ontana ______________________

87.6
54.4
3.1
38.1
3.8

88.1
40.8
4.8
32.3
5.6

104.8
45.6
3.2
40.7
4.0

90.6
39.8
6.6
40.4
2.9

83.3
51.5
3.9
31.1
4.5

78.9
60.4
7.3
31.9
4.7

64.5
22.1
2.9
23.1
1.5

27.7
14.1
7.5
18.7
1.4

38.8
10.1
2.2
17.8
1.2

43.9
18.1
3.0
29.0
1.6

73.5
27.0
4. 5
15. 5
1.9

82.1
35. 2
5.8
33.5
2.7

82.6
40.1
6.3
27.7
3.1

933.4
390.7
54.2
302.0
35.1

1,090.8
376.1
53. 5
306.7
42.7

Nebraska_________________________
Nevada__________ _______________
New Hampshire___________________
New Jersey_______________________
New Mexico............................................

15.1
4.1
2.7
72.8
11.6

12.4
5.4
2.5
62.8
15.0

9.0
4.3
3.2
75.0
12.9

7.1
5.9
4.3
65.6
11.4

11.8
5.7
2.7
80.0
12.1

17.1
8.3
2.5
76.7
6.8

5.4
3.8
3.4
62.6
8.5

2.5
4.7
2.0
27.1
7.5

3.1
2.0
.6
51.4
11.0

b. 3
3.1
4.6
42.9
6.3

3.1
7.8
2.0
49.9
8.9

7.5
3.2
1.9
71.9
7.0

5.7
4.0
1.6
65.1
7.6

78.5
60.2
30.1
723.2
88.4

82.0
45. 5
37.8
811.8
77.2

New York________________________
North Carolina-----------------------------N orth Dakota------------------------------Ohio__________________________ -.
Oklahoma------- ------ -----------------------

160.1
20.1
6.4
97.3
14.5

181.2
19.6
5.3
108.2
14. 1

129.3
17.4
4.6
116.3
18.3

128.3
20.9
7.9
115.8
16.8

145.7
26.3
4.6
98.2
13.2

122.1
22.7
5.6
118.8
14.4

99.4
17.6
1.6
78.7
22.6

91.3
18.0
.4
51.5
15.9

80.1
16.1
.3
44.9
10.3

90.1
10.5
.6
60.5
7.4

108.8
13.4
1.5
57.2
9.3

149.2
14.5
4.3
101.3
10.5

197.7
16.9
5.0
93.3
9.4

1, 450. 6
194.3
37.2
1,093. 9
121.3

1, 476.0
221.6
40.5
1, 205.5
143.2

Oregon.. ______________ ______ ___
Pennsylvania_____________________
Rhode Island_____________________
South C aro lin a......................................
South D akota_____________________

16.7
62.3
5.2
6.9
4.3

17.0
73.3
4.3
5.6
3.3

16.0
66.2
6.2
6.0
3.5

22.7
74.8
7.4
7.5
2.4

18.4
65.7
4.6
9.3
3.6

36.2
68.6
4.5
6.6
4.1

12.9
47.7
3.7
5.4
3.4

9.7
35.2
1.6
4.8
.6

8.5
37.1
2.9
5.1
.8

7.6
36.1
2.1
3.7
1.4

7.2
51.1
4.3
2.7
2.4

12.1
66.0
6.3
5.0
4.2

12.3
53.4
5.3
5.3
3.4

138.9
749.3
48.8
63.4
36.0

182.0
781.4
59.6
75.8
37.4

Tennessee________________________
Texas______________ _____________
U tah____________________________
Vermont________ ________________
Virginia__________________________

21.8
105.3
10.3
1.3
40.2

17.9
112.3
15.7
.9
44.3

23.9
128.0
15.9
.5
47.3

20.0
108.1
16.3
2.7
58.1

24.5
103.7
16.7
.7
38.5

25.8
102.4
20.8
.6
36.2

15.1
97.6
14.2
1.1
34.8

22.7
77.4
12.4
.2
26.5

13.6
83.9
6.4
.2
28.4

8.8
64.0
6.9
.2
18.5

12.4
68.0
5.9
.9
23.4

14.5
89.2
11.6
1.8
29.8

14.2
88.0
10.2
7.0
31.9

179.3
1,013.4
113. 5
15.6
384.3

213.8
916.9
145.3
10.1
457.5

W ashington.. __________ _________
West Virginia_______________ ____—
Wisconsin__ ______________________
Wyoming.................................................

55.9
5.3
43.8
2.5

45.4
7.1
38.7
3.5

36.6
7.3
46.2
2.3

37.5
13.6
42.4
3.1

45.8
6.4
46.7
3.1

34.8
11.1
44.1
2.0

28.3
6.4
28.2
2.6

34.3
5.5
19.8
1.8

22.5
4.3
19.1
1.3

17.9
4.4
26.8
1.3

24.3
3.0
32.2
1.3

29.1
5.2
41.1
1.7

26.4
4.5
42.7
3.1

335.3
80.8
457.3
21.1

390.6
64.4
442.0
25.6

• See footnote 1, table F-3.
2Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

190.6
173.3
224. 5
189.7
70.6
57.4
3, 048.0 3,163.3
263.8
282.0
390.3
68.9
133.8
946.3
247.0

375.1
66.0
66.8
834.8
250.1

38.2
39.6
1,239. 5 1, 334.3
419.5
432.0
160. 5
181.9
134. 5
151.9

8 Comprised of 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in 1950 Census.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

126

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

T able F-6.

Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by ownership and location,
and construction c o st1
Number of new dwelling units started

Period

Total

Privately Publicly
owned
owned

1950....................................... .........
1951_____ _____ _____ - .............
1952.................................................
1953..................................................
1954................. ...............................
1955..................................................
1956..................................................
1957.................................................

1,396,000
1,091,300
1,127,000
1,103,800
1, 220,400
1. 328,900
1,118,100
1,041,900

1,352,200
1,020,100
1,068,500
1,068,300
1, 201, 700
1,309, 500
1,093, 900
992,800

1954: First quarter...................... .
Second quarter__________
Third quarter----------------Fourth q u arter...................
1955: First quarter......... ......... .
Second quarter....... .............
Third quarter________ . . .
Fourth quarter__________
1956: First q u arter..____ _____
J anuarv______________
February........ ................
M arch_____________ ..
Second quarter__________
April________ ________
M ay_________________
.Tune__________ ______
Third quarter____ _____
Ju ly ...................................
August_______________
September________ ____
Fourth quarter___ ______
October______________
N ovem ber..____ _____
December_____________
1957: First quarter____________
January.............................
February____________
March________________
Second quarter.....................
April________ ________
M ay.................................
June................................. .
Third quarter.......................
J u ly ..................................
August..............................
September_____ _____ _
Fourth q u a rte r_________
October...................... ......
N ovem ber.................. .
December_____________
1958: First q u a rte r___________
January______________
February..........................
March____ _________
Second quarter..___ _____
April________________
M ay___ _ . . . . . . .
June_________________
Third q u arter3__________
July--------------------------A ugust4___ ____ . . .
September 3___________
Fourth q u arter..................
October 3_____________
November 3___________

236.800
332, 700
346,000
304,900
291,300
404,100
362,300
271,200
252,100
75,100
78,400
98,600
332,500
111, 400
113, 700
107, 400
298,900
101,100
103, 900
93,900
234,600
93,600
77,400
63,600
217,000
64, 200
65,800
87,000
296,600
93, 700
103,000
99,900
289,700
97,800
100,000
91, 900
238, 600
97,000
78,200
63,400
215, 400
67, 900
66,100
81,400
320, 500
99,100
108,500
112, 900
354,800
112,800
124,000
118,000
111, 000
102, 000

Metro­ Nonmetro­ North­ North
politan
politan
east Central South
places
places

West

43,800 1,021,600
71,200
776,800
58, 500
794,900
803,500
35,500
18, 700 896,900
19,400
975.800
24, 200
779.800
49,100
699,700

374,000
314,500
332,100
300,300
323, 500
353,100
338,300
342,200

(*)
0
0
0
243,100
273,100
228,800
195,500

(S)
(J)
(2)
(2)
325. 800
356,000
303,100
258,400

0
(2)
(2)
(2)
359,700
389,000
334, 200
346,300

232,200
326, 500
339,300
303, 700
288,000
397,000
357,800
266, 700
244,600
73, 700
77,000
93,900
325,300
109,900
110, 800
104, 600
292,900
99,000
103,200
90, 700
231,100
91, 200
77,000
62,900
202, 500
60,100
63,100
79,300
282,800
91, 400
96,900
94, 500
280,900
93,900
96,800
90,200
226,600
88,400
75, 700
62, 500
201, 200
62,900
61,000
77,300
296, 800
94,200
101,300
101,300
331,200
108,600
114,600
108,000

4,600
6,200
6,700
1,200
3,300
7,100
4, 500
4, 500
7,500
1.400
1.400
4,700
7,200
1, 500
2,900
2,800
6,000
2,100
700
3,200
3, 500
2,400
400
700
14,500
4,100
2,700
7,700
13,800
2,300
6,100
5,400
8, 800
3,900
3,200
1,700
12,000
8, 600
2,500
900
14,200
5,000
5,100
4,100
23, 700
4,900
7,200
11, 600
23,600
4,200
9,400
10, 000

174,300
244,000
252,800
225,800
221,800
294,800
263, 400
195,800
183, 800
54,300
57,600
71, 900
228, 300
76, 200
77,600
74,500
202,900
69, 700
70, 900
62,300
164,800
64, 900
54, 800
45,100
149,100
44,000
46,600
58,500
200,300
63, 500
68, 200
68, 600
192,600
63,400
67,700
61, 500
157, 700
61,800
52, 500
43,400
143,700
44, 500
44,400
54,800
218,100
67,400
73,900
76,800
246, 700
80, 600
82,800
83,300

62, 500
88, 700
93, 200
79,100
69, 500
109,300
98,900
75,400
68,300
20,800
20,800
26,700
104, 200
35, 200
36,100
32,900
96,000
31,400
33,000
31,600
69,800
28, 700
22, 600
18, 500
67,900
20, 200
19,200
28, 500
96,300
30,200
34,800
31,300
97,100
34,400
32,300
30,400
80,900
35,200
25,700
20,000
71. 700
23,400
21,700
26,600
102, 400
31, 700
34,600
36,100
108,100
32,200
41,200
34, 700

47,400
67,300
72, 500
55, 900
53,100
89,100
75,400
55, 500
45, 700
12,400
14,400
18,900
72, 300
23,400
24, 700
24,200
61,800
21,800
20,800
19,200
49,000
20,100
16, 500
12,400
33,800
9,300
9,700
14,800
60, 700
19,900
20,900
19,900
57,900
19,200
21,800
16,900
43,100
19, 500
13,800
9,800
27, 400
8,100
7,000
12,300
63.800
18,900
23,400
21, 500

52,700
98, 400
97,800
76,900
63,400
116,600
108,000
68,000
58, 200
15, 700
16,400
26,100
98,100
33,600
33,300
31, 200
87,200
29,900
29,200
28,100
59, 600
26,200
19, 200
14, 200
46,800
10, 700
14,000
22,100
77,200
23,700
25, 700
27,800
79,300
27,000
27,300
25,000
55,100
24, 200
17,400
13, 500
40, 200
11,000
11,200
18,000
79, 400
25, 700
27,000
26, 700

77,600
90,900
99,900
91,300
95,900
109,700
99, 400
84,000
83, 200
27, 200
26,800
29, 200
93,200
31,100
32,800
29,300
86, 500
27, 700
30, 700
28,100
71,300
27, 500
22, 700
21,100
80,000
26,000
24,600
29,400
92,800
28,100
33, 700
31,000
91, 200
31,500
31,000
28,700
82,300
30,100
28,200
24,000
88,100
28,700
28,700
30, 700
103,300
33,000
32,600
37, 700

59,100
76,100
75,800
80,800
78,900
88, 700
79, 500
63, 700
65,000
19,800
20,800
24,400
68,900
23,300
22,900
22, 700
63,400
21, 700
23, 200
18,500
54, 700
19,800
19,000
15,900
56,400
18,200
17,500
20,700
65,900
22, 000
22, 700
21,200
61,300
20,100
19,900
21, 300
58,100
23. 200
18,800
16,100
59,700
20,100
19,200
20,400
74,000
21, 500
25,500
27,000

19,600
22,200
0

28,600
30, 700
0

36,200
42,400
(2)

109,000
100,000

2,000
2,000

78,000
72,300

33,000
29, 700

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

0
0

1 Excludes temporary units, conversions, dormitory accommodations,
trailers, and military barracks; includes prefabricated housing if permanent.
These estimates are based on (1) monthly building-permit reports adjusted
for lapsed permits and for lag between permit issuance and the start of con­
struction, (2) continuous field surveys in nonpermit-issuing places, and (3)
reports of public construction contract awards.
Private construction costs are based on permit valuation adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construction
costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for indi­
vidual projects.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Estimated construction cost, i
(in thousands)

Location

Total

Privately
owned

(») $11, 788,595 $11,418,371
9, 800,892
9,186,123
0
10,208,983
9, 706, 276
0
10,488,003 10,181,185
0
291,800 12,478, 237 12,309,200
310,800 14, 544, 647 14,345,829
252,000 13,077,027 12,814, 776
241, 700 12,693,995 12,126,800

Publicly
owned

$370,224
614, 769
602, 707
306,818
169,037
198,818
262,251
567,195

28, 400
28, 700
0

2,240, 448
3,454, 571
3, 590,366
3,192, 852
3,076,198
4,416, 285
4,025, 441
3,026, 723
2,846,008
814, 448
887,138
1,144, 422
3,923, 607
1,309,175
1,346, 587
1,267,845
3, 532,193
1, 201.139
1,227, 269
1,103, 785
2, 775, 219
1,103,963
930,642
740,614
2,609,458
752,234
784,019
1,073,205
3,645, 531
1,152,166
1,264,385
1, 228,980
3, 535,278
1,198,141
1,207,763
1,129,374
2,903, 728
1,195,309
946,481
761,938
2, 546,848
792,427
781,091
973,330
3, 886, 703
1,192,101
1,323, 709
1, 370,893
4,250,871
1,362,890
1, 466,281
1, 421, 700

2,199,446
3,398, 898
3, 528, 471
3,182,385
3,043, 959
4,349,159
3,981,182
2,971,529
2, 761,446
800, 665
871, 700
1,089,081
3, 844,192
1, 293,488
1,312, 890
1,237, 814
3,471, 787
1,179,266
1,222, 281
1,070, 240
2, 737,351
1,078,142
925,991
733,218
2,432,406
704,917
751,813
975,676
3,479,262
1,123,385
1,191,789
1,164,088
3,443', 443
1,154, 771
1,176,600
1,112,072
2,771,689
1,098,140
921,444
752,105
2, 381,164
737, 503
718,862
924, 799
3, 606; 142
1,136,659
1,237, 717
1,231,766
3,953,999
1, 311,702
1,346, 297
1,296; 000

41,002
55,673
61,895
10; 467
32, 239
67,126
44, 259
55; 194
84,562
13,783
15; 438
55,341
79,415
15, 687
33; 697
30,031
60,406
21, 873
4,988
33, 545
37,868
25', 821
4; 651
7,396
177,052
47,317
32,206
97,529
166,269
28; 781
72,596
64,892
9i; 835
43; 370
31,163
17,302
132,039
97; 169
25,037
9; 833
165,684
54; 924
62; 229
48, 531
280, 561
55; 442
85,992
139; 127
296,872
51,188
119,984
125, 700

0
0

1, 333,600
1,200, 016

1,308, 000
1,175; 000

25,600
25,016

2 Not available.
3 Preliminary.
4 Kevised.
N ote: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Soubce: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

G.—WORK INJURIES

127

G.—Work Injuries
T able

G -l.

Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries
1958 2

Industry

All manufacturing___________________________
Food and kindred products:
Meat packing and custom slaughtering________
Sausages and other prepared meat products____
Poultry and small game dressing and packing—
Dairy products_____ _____ __________ _____
Canning and preserving____________________
Grain-mill products_________________ ______
Bakery products___________________________
Cane sugar ------------- ----------------------------Confectionery and related products___________
Bottled soft drinks________________________
M alt and malt liq u o rs_____________________
Distilled liquors___________________________
Miscellaneous food products_________________
Textile-mill products:
Cotton yarn and textiles_________ _________
Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles_______
Woolen and worsted textiles______________ —
Knitfgoods..---------------------- -------------Dyeing and finishing textiles...................... - ........Miscellaneous textile goods.--------------------------Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’___________________
Clothing, women’s and children’s____________
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel--------------Miscellaneous fabricated textile p r o d u c ts ...---Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging............................. .................... ............ —
Sawmills and planing mills__________________
Millwork and structural wood products----------Plywood mills__________________ ______ _ -Wooden containers________________ _______ Miscellaneous wood products________________
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal------- ------ --------Metal household furniture___________________
Mattresses and bedsprings..... ............................. .
Office furniture----- ------------------------------------Public-building and professional furniture_____
Partitions and fixtures________ _____________
Screens, shades, and b lin d s... ---------------------Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills-----------------Paperboard containers and boxes. ----------------Miscellaneous paper and allied products----------Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals------ -----------------Bookbinding and related products-----------------Miscellaneous printing and publishing------------Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals________ _______
Plastics, except synthetic rubber_____ . . . -----Synthetic rubber___________________________
Synthetic fibers____________________________
Explosives--------------- ------ --------------------------Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals-------Drugs and medicines____ __________________
Soap and related products------- --------------------Paints, pigments, and related products________
Fertilizers-------------------- --------------- Vegetable and animal oils and fats.----------------Compressed and liquefied gases---------------------Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products-----Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes_______________________
Rubber footwear___________________________
Miscellaneous rubber products_______________
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing. . ______ ___
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings-------------Footwear (except rubber)----------------------------Miscellaneous leather products ______________
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products__________________
Structural clav products____________________
Pottery and related products _ _____________
Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool _______
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products___
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1957 2

Third quarter

1956

Annual
average

Second First Fourth Third Second First Fourth Thud
quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter

1957 2

1956

July

Aug.

Sept.

Quar­
ter

11.4

11.6

11.4

11.5

10.4

10.4

10.4

12.0

11.7

11.6

11.3

12.7

11.4

12.0

24.9
25.4
(3)
18.5
23.0
17.5
18.4
13.3
14.3
30.1
18.7
6.1
15. 5

27.5
29.3
(3)
19.2
20.6
14.8
17.6
13.4
12.9
28.6
13.8
6.7
13.7

26.5
28. 5
(3)
19.8
16.8
18.7
15.3
9.1
15.7
24.6
18.8
6.7
13.3

26.4
27.7
59. 5
19.2
20.0
17.0
17.0
11.9
14.3
27.9
17.0
6.5
14.2

23.2
19.2
38.8
14.6
19.4
14.3
14.4
12. 1
10.6
23.3
16.2
7.2
11.8

20. 5
23.6
33.6
16.6
17.0
10.3
16.3
16.1
14.3
18.2
13. 5
7.1
11.9

20.6
21. 5
35.7
15. 5
15.7
13.3
16.2
19.3
13.7
19.5
16.0
7.1
14.9

21.6
21.4
41.7
18.8
24.2
19.7
16.2
17.1
15.6
25.1
17.0
7.1
16.3

20.6
24.0
41.1
17.9
21.3
12.9
16.2
15.8
12.2
23.3
16.1
9.4
14.9

21.1
20.8
28.2
15.7
20.1
15.0
16.8
17.2
12.2
21.2
18. 5
8.8
17.1

20.0
24.9
39.8
17.0
19.9
16. 5
17.0
14.1
13.0
16.7
13.2
6.7
13.3

21.3
21.3
40.9
17.4
26.6
18.7
16. 5
17. 6
13, 6
25. 2
19. 6
9.9
13.8

21.0
22.0
37.1
17.0
20.8
15.4
16.4
17.4
13.4
22.4
16.9
8.0
15.8

20.6
22.2
41.1
17.1
21.9
16.2
16.4
19.0
12.9
23.0
16.7
8.6
13.6

7.6
7.4
19.9
7.6
17.4
13.9

8.7
7.1
19. 5
4.7
17.4
12.0

7.5
6.5
17.1
5.7
13.5
13.4

7.9
7.0
18.9
5.9
16.0
13.1

6.7
6.3
16.0
4. 5
13.9
12.6

7.2
6.3
15.7
7.0
14.7
8.6

7.4
7.0
15. 8
5.2
12.3
13.0

8.6
9.1
18.5
7.1
14.4
16.0

8.9
7.4
17.7
5.7
16.6
14.4

7.9
8.4
19.9
5.3
12.0
16.4

7.9
7.0
16.2
6.0
14.3
14.2

8.9
7.7
17.5
5.9
16.3
14.3

8.2
8.0
18.1
5.8
13.9
15.0

8.4
7.1
16.9
6.0
15.5
15.0

4.3
6.0
12.8
16.9

5.8
5.0
6.1
15.1

4.9
5.6
11.5
10.7

5.1
5. 5
9.9
14.0

5.6
5.5
7.7
10.3

6.4
4.9
5.6
11.5

5.2
4.1
5.9
8.1

7.1
5.6
9.8
8.8

7.0
5.4
9.7
11.3

7.1
5.4
7.4
9.4

7.1
5.3
3.7
10. 5

7.2
5.8
7.1
11.0

6.6
5.1
8.2
9.4

7.0
5.1
5.8
10.8

74.8
44.0
28.4
25.1
27.8
30.9

74.9
40.8
24.3
31.3
34.4
28.3

73.6
43.2
25.8
21.2
27.6
16.7

74. 5
42.6
26.1
25.8
29.9
25.1

66.3
40.9
19.4
23.3
27.2
24.8

60.8
38.3
21.9
20.8
24.7
22.5

61.3
36.9
20.1
28.1
23.3
26.1

60.7
42.7
23.6
21.9
32.4
27.4

62.8
41.1
21.8
22.0
28.5
30.5

64.4
40.4
21.6
23.9
29.0
30.9

63.4
36.4
19.9
22.6
25. 5
29. 5

68.3
41.9
22.6
26.1
29. 5
35.5

62.3
40.4
21.8
23.9
28.4
28.8

65.0
41.1
21.3
24.0
27.4
31.3

17.3
13.8
6.8
21.3
18.6
(3)

19.7
20.9
15.9
16.0
(3)
22.6
(3)

16.0
16. 2
18.6
17.3
(3)
18.2
(3)

17.7
17.1
13.9
18.0
16.3
19.9
14.6

16.1
12.6
15.2
15.7
14.6
15.6
18.4

17.0
11.7
12. 5
13.4
12.2
15.2
11.3

16.8
12.8
10.6
15.9
17.9
18.3
19.2

21.2
19.7
13.0
15.8
16.8
20.8
18.6

17.3
12.2
15.4
18.1
20.0
20.3
16.4

19.0
14.4
16.7
15.9
10.4
16.6
22.6

17.1
16.1
14.4
16.1
16.1
21.9
11.6

17.7
16.4
16.4
17.5
25. 5
21.4
17.2

18.5
14.7
14.0
16. 5
16.3
19.0
19.3

17.6
16.1
16.1
17.6
18.2
20.7
15.3

11.0
16.2
9.6

9.6
13.7
13.3

10.2
13.9
11.2

10.3
14.6
11.4

8.6
12.0
9.9

9.7
12.9
8.7

10.2
13.8
11.7

11.6
15.9
14.2

9.9
16.7
12.6

10.8
13.6
14.2

11. 2
15.7
14.7

12.3
15.5
13.7

10.6
15.0
13.2

11.4
15.5
13.5

8.0
(3)
7.1

8.9
(3)
7.0

9.5
(3)
6.7

8.9
8.4
7.0

8.7
8.5
7.2

9.3
11.4
7.4

9. 5
10.6
8.7

8.3
15.0
9.1

9. 5
15.9
8.2

8.8
10.1
9.7

8.3
11.7
7.9

9.1
14.9
9.3

9.1
12.9
8.9

9.1
12.5
8.9

4.9
4.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.1
7.1
6.8
11.3
(3)
33.1
(3)
17.2

4.6
4.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.2
6.8
8.1
7.9
(3)
20.5
(3)
13.2

5.0
6.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
2.9
7.7
7.8
14.7
(3)
30.5
(3)
14.4

4.9
5.1
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.7
7.2
7.6
11.3
11. 5
28.0
8.7
14.9

3.8
4.0
1.4
2.4
1.6
4.1
6.0
7.7
12.8
14.4
25.3
14.4
13.4

4.4
4.1
3.1
2.8
2.4
3.7
7.6
6.1
10.8
14.4
24.8
12.3
14.6

4.0
4.7
1.2
3.0
2.6
3.3
6.8
7.3
9.9
16.0
24.3
5.7
11.5

4.8
4.4
3.1
2.1
1.3
3.4
6.9
8.2
11. 5
20.3
24.2
10.4
14.8

4.9
4.7
1.2
3.4
1. 5
5.4
6.5
8.0
8.9
12.4
27.8
8.0
15.9

4.0
5.1
3.2
3.4
1.9
2.8
8.1
7.3
10.4
15.0
22.4
13.3
15.3

4.8
4.3
.9
1.7
2.7
4.0
6. 5
7.9
10.0
18. 5
30.1
7.6
14.6

6.8
5.0
1.4
2.3
2.9
4.2
8.0
9.3
11.0
16.1
24.6
5.6
16.0

4.4
4.7
2.2
3.0
1.8
3.7
7.1
7.7
10.1
15.5
24.5
9.3
14.4

5.3
4.6
1.9
2.3
2.5
4.2
8.0
8.2
10.2
14.8
25.2
8.1
15.2

2.6
4.5
12.8

2. 5
5.3
11.2

3.9
6.1
11.5

3.0
5.4
11.7

3.3
5.9
10.4

2.6
3.9
8.5

2.8
5. 5
9.5

2.9
7.2
10.0

3.3
5.9
8.9

3.6
6.6
12.5

2.7
6.1
8.1

3.6
6.8
10.5

3.2
6.2
10.3

3.3
5.9
10.4

20.2

21. 9

23.8

22.0

23. 5

25. 8

23.2

25.4

( 3)

(3)

( 3)

9.2

23.6
(3)
8.7

28.4

(3)

( 3)

(3)

( 3)

18.5
20. 5
8.2

27.1
21.4
8. 5

25.1
17.3
8.9

23.8
19.2
8.6

8.8

10.2

1 1 .1

9.4

11.9

9.7

13.4

14.2

14.5

12.4

12.3

13.4

1 1 .6
37.2
1 8 .3
29 . 5
1 4 .3

10.8
34.7
16.9
26.7
11.2

9.0
31.7
17 . 5
21.4
12.1

9.4
30.9
1 2 .0
1 7 .3
12.8

9.4
29.7
11 . 7
19 . 2
11.5

9.5
39.1
15.2
25.1
12.0

8.0
30.2
17.7
23.7
1 3 .1

9.3
29.3
13.3
21.5
13.9

8.6
27.4
17.0
21.4
14.3

11.1
35.8
16.7
31.4
12.5 1

9.0
32.2
14.6
22.4
12.7

9.0
32.9
16.6
26.4
13.3

( 3)

(3)

(3)

11.2
35.7
1 5 .7
25 . 5
1 0 .3

9.8
30.9
1 6 .6
25.2
8.9 1

10.9
12.4

9.0
9.6

9.2

9.7

8.0

9.8

9.3

8.1

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, JANUARY 1959

128

G -l.

T able

Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries—Continued
1958 2

Industry

Prim ary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel mills......... ............. .........
Gray-iron and malleable foundries_______ _____
Steel foundries_____________________________
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying-------Nonfc.rrous foundries......... ........... .......................
Iron and steel forgings------------------------- --------- ------------ --Wire drawing----- -----------Welded and heavy-riveted pipe.— ----------------Cold-finished steel— _ ---- ------------------------Fabricated metal products:
Tin cans and other tin w are...------- ---------------Cutlery and edge tools________________ _____
Hand tools, files, and saws__________________
Hardware... ___________________________ _
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies—
---Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus----Structural steel and" ornamental metal work---Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim -----------------Boiler-shop products-----------------------------------Sheet-metal work__________________________
Stamped and pressed metal products--------------Metal coating and engraving--------- -----------Fabricated wire products.. . . ..
--------------Metal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails--------------Steel springs_________________ _____________
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets---------------------Screw-machine products________________ ____
Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified...
Machinerv (except electrical):
Engines and turbines.. ------------- ------- --------Agricultural machinery and tractors-------- ------ Construction and mining machinery---------- . . .
Metalworking machinery-----------------------------Food-products machinery---------- ------------------Textile machinery--------------------------------------Miscellaneous special-industry machinery-------Pumps and compressors .. . . ------ ------- -Elevators, escalators, and conveyors...
------Mechanical power-transmission equipment (except ball and roller bearings)------- - -------Miscellaneous general industrial machinery.........
Commercial and household machinery-------------

Third quarter

Annual
average

1956

Second First Fourth Third Second First Fourth Third
quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­ quar­
Quar­ quar­
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter

1957 2

1956

July

Aug.

Sept.

3.6
23.5
15.3
7.0
17.9
10.7
14.6
11.7
12.8

3.4
25.9
18.0
11.2
14.0
15.0
11.6
11.4
12.0

4.0
24.7
18.5
12.3
13.7
15.0
15.0
7.7
9.0

3.6
24.7
17.3
10.3
15.1
13.8
13.7
10.3
11.2

3.5
21.1
13.7
10.3
17.7
12.7
11.9
11.9
6.7

3.6
22.3
14.6
9.2
18.2
16.5
10.4
10.6
6.6

3.9
21.9
17.2
8.8
16.0
14.9
12.7
11.1
9.3

3.9
26.8
19.1
10.4
18.1
18.0
9.6
11.5
10.9

4.4
26.8
21.5
10.9
17.1
16.3
13.7
12.2
10.8

4.1
24.7
24.3
9.7
20.1
20.3
12.4
12.8
11.6

4.5
27.1
21.0
10.6
17.7
16.4
10.8
13.5
12.3

4.8
30.5
24.4
9.2
22.4
19. 5
16.2
13.4
13.6

4.0
25.1
20.7
10.0
17.9
17.5
12.2
12.0
10.7

4.5
28.9
22.0
10.7
20.3
18.9
13.4
11.7
15.1

9.2
(3)
21.4
6.5
8.9
12.2
20.8
12.1
19.7
24.4
8.4
(3)
13.3
(3)
(3)
11.7
11.0
8.7

3.3
(3)
13.6
7.6
13.5
11.6
19.9
18.3
20.9
14.5
10.6
(3)
20.7
(3)
(3)
13.3
8.4
9.3

8.7
(3)
14.7
8.6
10.6
13.9
20.8
16.2
20.4
22.7
11.6
(3)
20.9
(3)
(3)
12.9
9.0
12.0

7.0
12. 7
16.2
7.7
11.1
12.6
20.6
15.6
20.4
20.3
10.2
19.7
18.5
(3)
(3)
12.7
9.4
10.1

4.9
13.2
16.7
7.3
10.7
12. 5
19.9
12.5
18.5
20.4
8.1
24.0
13.4
(3)
(3)
10.3
8.5
11.4

5.2
11.3
14.0
6.7
13.5
14.8
22.4
15.0
21.0
20.4
8.6
19.6
18.3
(3)
18.3
12.0
9.9
13.3

5.1
12.5
14.2
7.7
9.2
13.4
17.8
15.9
19.9
18.0
9.4
19. 7
17.8
10.8
19.2
13.1
13.4
13.3

7.5
17.0
13.1
8.8
12.9
16.1
22. 5
20.1
23.4
21.7
11.8
22.6
16.7
14.3
20.8
11.6
13.6
11.3

6.0
13.1
17.0
7.4
13.2
15.2
22.6
14.0
24.9
19.0
11.2
22.2
18.5
9.5
18.2
9.9
13.6
11.7

6.6
13.2
17.9
7.1
9.4
13.1
23.2
13.8
23.8
24.5
9.6
22. 5
18.3
13.9
19.0
11.5
13.8
11.6

8.0
16.8
18.0
8.6
13.9
15.2
22.4
19.4
23.0
22.4
10.9
20.0
19.4
6.8
18.3
12.9
14.4
9.8

7.2
17.7
17.8
9.7
12.7
18.9
23.1
15.9
24.8
26.7
11.1
25.2
20.0
12.4
17.6
15.0
12.1
14.7

6.3
13.9
15.7
7.7
11.2
14.4
21.6
15.9
23.0
20.8
10.4
21.8
17.8
12.1
19.2
11.5
13.6
12.0

7.0
14.9
17.8
9.5
14.7
15.9
22.0
16.8
24.0
23.1
11.0
20.7
18.9
10.5
17.2
13.9
12.7
11.5

7.7
6.5
11.4
7.9
10.9
11.8
13.7
9.7
10.5

8.6
8.1
13.0
7.9
9.0
9.0
14.4
11.2
11.3

8.1
7.3
13.3
8.3
14.1
7.7
12.4
10.7
13.5

8.1
7.3
12.6
8.0
11.4
9.2
13.5
10.6
11.7

7.7
8.2
10.7
7.5
8.7
9.6
14.0
10.5
12.0

7.7
8.9
12.4
8.0
10.2
10.4
14.3
11.8
10.3

7.1
8.1
11.9
7.8
8.1
12.2
12.4
11.8
10.7

6.6
7.6
13.7
9.5
14.7
14.0
14.9
12.7
14.5

7.6
9.0
15.6
10.2
16.2
12.1
16.7
12. 7
15.4

8.6
8.8
17.8
10.6
14.7
9.6
17.2
14.7
15.8

10.1
8.0
15. 5
10.3
14.8
13.3
14.4
12.1
16.0

10.3
8.2
16.8
10.5
16.9
13.3
16.6
15.0
16.5

7. 5
8.4
14.9
9.7
13.4
11.9
15.4
13.0
14.2

10.4
9.1
16.9
10.6
14.7
11.8
16.3
13.7
16.2

6.7
9.0
5.9
11.3
(3)
7.3
14.5

11.4
10.4
5.1
13.4
(3)
6.5
11.9

8.2
11.6
4.9
11.3
(3)
8.0
9.5

8.8
10.4
5.3
12.0
15.0
7.3
11.9

10.0
12.3
5.4
13.1
13.4
9.2
10.6

9.7
11.7
5.0
12.6
11.2
8.0
11.1

10.9
10.5
5.3
13. 5
17.3
8.5
11.8

11.8
12.3
6.2
15. 7
20.4
9.3
16.1

13.3
13.7
6.2
15.6
16.3
8.3
15.0

13.2
16.1
7.0
14. 5
16.8
8.5
15.1

12.5
13.0
6.2
14.2
15.5
11.4
11.9

13.6
14.0
6.2
17. 3
13.1
10.8
14.0

12.3
13.2
6.2
14. 8
17.7
8.6
14.5

14.5
13.5
6.5
15.1
16.2
10.9
14.1

5.2
5.0
11.8
4.1
2.5
4.0
1.9
3.4
14.8
5.7

4.8
5.0
13.1
3.6
2.9
3.2
2.2
2.6
11.3
4.3

4.8
4.9
7.9
4.0
2.6
4.0
1.9
3.1
11.6
5.2

4.5
5.6
10.9
3.3
3.1
4.1
1.7
2.1
13.2
5.2

5.5
7.5
11.8
4.1
2.5
4.9
1.6
2.4
12.0
5.2

5.8
6.4
11.8
4.7
3.7
4.7
1.5
2.6
10.9
5.3

5.8
4.9
12.8
3.4
3.2
4.2
3.1
3.2
12.5
4.7

5.5
5.7
10.3
3.4
3.2
4.8
2.4
3.2
12.7
8.3

5.7
4.7
13.7
3.4
2.6
4.6
1.9
2.1
11.6
6.4

5.4
6.1
11.8
3.9
3.1
4.5
2.0
2.6
12.1
5.1

6.1
5.9
12.6
3.4
3.3
4.9
2. 7
2.4
11.3
6.8

4.8
5.6
2.9
4.5
15.9
24.6
8.7

4.1
5.7
2.8
4.2
16.2
31.2
7.1

4.5
5.2
2.5
4.6
15.4
25.8
6.9

4.2
5.5
2.4
4.1
15.3
27.5
7.1

4.5
6.1
3.0
4.6
19.3
28.3
8.3

4.7
6.2
3.0
4.3
17.5
34.2
6.8

4.3
6.5
2.4
4.1
17.1
28.4
8.5

3.9
6.4
2.5
4.4
16.9
25.0
9.1

4.2
6.2
2.7
4.6
16.7
26.0
9.9

4.4
6.1
2.7
4.3
17.3
29.8
7.7

4.2
6.2
2.6
4.7
17.9
31.2
10.0

4.1

5.9

3.9

5.1

4.5

5.2

4.3

3.6

4.4

4.8

4.5

5.5
5.0
6.4
5.8
4.5

5.5
5.5
9.6
5.6
5.2

6.9
6.8
9.4
4.4
4.4

5.7
4.5
5.6
5.6
6.4

6.3
4.6
8.4
6.4
5.1

6.8
6.2
7.0
6.3
4.7

6.5
5.2
6.7
6.3
6.1

6.1
4.2
4.7
4.8
6.6

5.2
4.1
10.0
6.3
5.4

6.3
5.1
6.9
6.1
5.6

6.0
4.1
7.5
5.8
5.9

8.8
7.3
11.1
13.5
3.4

6.6
5.8
13.3
11.2
3.2

8.4
6.4
15.5
12.9
3.2

10.1
6.8
14.7
12.4
3.2

6.5
9.0
17.3
15.1
4.1

6.4
7.6
13.8
13.0
5.2

11.0
7.3
12.3
11.4
4.6

7.3
7.3
14.9
11.5
4.4

8.3
5.3
15.2
11.8
5.5

8.4
7.6
14.4
12.9
4.2

8.3
6.8
14.1
12.5
5.1

Fabricated pipe and fittings--------------------------Ball and roller bearings--------------------------------Machine shops, general--------------------------------Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus--------- -------------5.4
5.2
4.9
Electrical appliances--------- -----------------------6.3
5.7
3.3
Insulated wire and cable------------------------------- 17.3
10.2
9.8
5.2
Electrical equipment for vehicles__________ ...
3.4
3.9
Electric lamps (bulbs)---------------------------------(3)
(3)
(3)
Radios and related products_________________
4.1
4.2
3.8
Radio tubes_______________ _______ _______
1.6
1.7
2.2
Miscellaneous communication equipment— . . .
4.1
2.6
2.9
16.4
Batteries......... . ---------- -----13.8
14.3
Electrical products, not elsewhere classified------ (3) 1:
(3)
P
(,)|
Transportation equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers-------- ------4. r
5. 0"
4.7
Motor-vehicle parts and accessories___________
5.1?
6.5
5.5
2. 6” 3.6
A ircraft_____ . . . ------- - -------- ----------2.8
4.1
4. 4T 5.0
Aircraft parts_____ . . . . ---------------------------Ship building and repairing------ -- . . ---- . ..
15.8
15.3
16.6
Boat building and repairing-------------------------(3) '
(3)
(3)
Railroad equipment------------------------------- 10.4
10.2
5.9
Instruments and related products:
Scientific instrum ents---------- --------------------4.3
3.5
4.8
Mechanical measuring and controlling instrument.s------- ------------------- --------------- — — 4.8
6.9
4.7
Optical instruments and lenses--------------------(3)
(3)
(3)
7.2
5.4
Medical instruments and supplies------- -------6.5
Photographic equipment and supplies------------3.8
6.1
7.2
Watches and clocks----------------------- ------- -----(3)
(3)
(3)
Miscellaneous manufacturing:
Paving and roofing materials. ---------------------(3)
(3)
(3)
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware--------------8.8
5.0
8.6
Fabricated plastics products.. --------------------6.7
14.4
11.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing---- -- -------------12.5
13.6
14.3
3.4
Ordnance and accessories____________________
2.8
3.8

1 The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries
for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a)
results in death or permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured
worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job which is
open and available to him throughout the hours corresponding to his regular
shift on any one or more days after the day of injury (including Sundays, days
off, or plant shutdowns). The term “injury” includes occupational disease.
2 Rates for 1957 and 1958 have been revised on the basis of the more compre­


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1957 2

hensive final annual survey for 1957. Rates for 1958 may be subject to further
revision when final annual data become available.
3 Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
N ote : These data are compiled in accordance with the American Standard
Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by
the American Standards Association, 1954.
Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is given in Techniques of
Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Soukce: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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BLS Bull. 1231: New Housing and its Materials, 1940-56.

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BLS Bull. 1240-1: Occupational Wage Survey, Seattle, Wash., August 1958.
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