The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
U.S* Department of Labor
Industrial classification
J fb openings statiaics
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Bureau o f Labor Statistics
1
lABV
Bank
¡*W*AfV
Bei
of S t. Louts
Labor
Elaine L^CIm H, Secretary
tm
f ^ ^ 3 u r ia u of Labor Statistics
Lois L. Orr, Acting Commissioner
The Monthly Labor Review ( u sps 987-800) is published
monthly by the Bureau o f Labor Statistics o f the U S.
Department o f t.abor. The Review welcomes articles on the
la b o r fo rce , la b o r-m an a g e m en t re la tio n s , b u sin ess
c o n d itio n s , in d u stry p ro d u c tiv ity , c o m p e n sa tio n ,
occupational safety and health, demographic trends, and
other economic developments Papers should be factual
and analytical, not polemical in tone. Potential articles, as
well as communications on editorial matters, should be
submitted to:
Editor-in-Chief
Monthly l.abor Review
Bureau o f Labor Statistics
Washington, dc 2 0 2 12
Telephone: (202) 691-5900
E-mail: mlr@bls.gov
Inquiries on subscriptions and circulation, including address
changes, should be sent to: Superintendent o f Documents
G overnm ent Prin tin g O ffice W ashington, dc 20402
Telephone: (202) 512-1800
Subscription price per year— S45 domestic; $56.25 foreign.
Single copy— $13 domestic; $16.25 foreign. Make checks
payable to the Superintendent o f Documents.
Subscription prices and distribution policies for the Monthly
l.abor Review ( issn 0 0 98-1818) and other government
publications are set by the Government Printing Office, an
agency of the U S. Congress.
The Secretary of Labor has determined that the publication of
this periodical is necessary in the transaction o f the public
business required by law o f this Department. Periodicals
postage paid at Washington, d c , and at additional mailing
addresses.
U nless stated o th erw ise, artic le s ap p earin g in this
publication are in the public domain and may be reprinted
without express permission from the Editor-in-Chief. Please
cite the specific issue o f the Monthly Labor Review as the
source.
Information is available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request:
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200
Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
Po st m a s t e r :
Send address changes to Monthly Labor
Review, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, dc
20402-0001.
Cover designed by Melvin B. Moxley
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
REVIEW
Volume 124, Number 12
December 2001
L a b o r p r o d u c tiv ity in r e ta il tr a d e
3
Automation and other technological improvements
resulted in the industry’s high productivity over the 1987-99 period
M ark Sieling, Brian Friedman, and M ark Dumas
I m p le m e n tin g N A IC S a t B L S
The North American Industry Classification System is a viable way
of tracking new businesses and changes in economic activity
James A. Walker and John B. Murphy
15
A fir s t lo o k a t e m p lo y m e n t a n d w a g e s u sin g N A IC S
This new system gives a better view of data, revealing
the inner workings of the U.S. economy
22
D avid R. H. Hiles
N e w to o ls fo r la b o r m a r k e t a n a ly sis: J O L T S
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
should be a useful indicator of the demand for labor
K elly A. Clark and Rosemary Hyson
32
C o m m e n ta r y : T h e a v e r a g e a g e o f r e tir e m e n t
38
Richard Johnson
D e p a r tm e n ts
Labor month in review
Commentary—Average age of retirement
At issue—Who’s affected by slowing economy
Precis
Book reviews
Publications received
Current labor statistics
Index to volume 124
2
38
41
43
44
44
47
107
Editor-in-Chief: Deborah P. Klein • Executive Editor: Richard M. Devens • Managing Editor: Anna Huffman Hill • Editors: Brian I. Baker,
Bonita L. Boles, Richard Hamilton, Leslie Brown Joyner, Lawrence H. Leith • Book Reviews: Roger A. Comer, Richard Hamilton
• Design and Layout: Catherine D. Bowman, Edith W. Peters • Contributors: Randy E. Ilg, Michael Wald
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
t
Labor Month in Review
The Decem ber Review
Retail trade is the second largest in em
ployment of the nine major industry di
visions in the Standard Industrial Clas
sification (SIC) system. Over the last 5
years of the 1990s, productivity in retail
ing grew at almost twice the rate it had
during the first half of the decade. Mark
Sieling, Brian Friedman, and Mark
Dumas attribute much of the accelera
tion to improved technologies, fierce in
tra-industry competition, and a degree
of restructuring among the types of es
tablishments that make up the industry.
One critical technological factor they
identify is the increasing use of sophis
ticated point o f sales (POS) systems.
These systems link cash registers,
barcode scanners, and credit card pro
cessors to manage leaner inventories,
more quickly adjust pricing, and develop
highly focused marketing campaigns.
Two critical structural trends were to
ward consolidation into larger chains
that invest more in such technologies
and toward discount or mass merchan
dising stores which employ fewer work
ers for a given volume of sales.
The venerable Standard Industrial
Classification system itself is being
overtaken by structural changes of a dif
ferent sort. James A. Walker and John
B. Murphy discuss the implementation
of the new, more modem and consistent
North American Industrial Classification
System (NAICS). A preview of the new
system as it applies to employment and
wage data is provided by David R. H.
Hiles. “In 2002,” reports Hiles, “BLS will
release ratio tables depicting the rela
tionship between NAICS and SIC series.”
These tables will facilitate converting
existing SIC-based data to NAICS.
The new Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS) will provide
both a new set of business cycle indica
tors— the vacancy rate and data on
hires, quits, and layoffs— and a valuable
tool for distinguishing the amount of
unemployment produced by the cycle
from that due to structural changes.
2 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Highest, lowest
paying jobs
Kelly A. Clark and Rosemary Hyson
provide details both about the new sur
vey itself and about using its findings
for economic research.
Richard Johnson points out that the
concept of “average age of retirement”
may not be a tool that can be used in
isolation to understand issues such as
Social Security funding or economy
wide productive capacity. W hile
Murray Gendell’s articles on measuring
average retirement age in earlier issues
of the Review do not claim that it is the
only variable to be studied, Johnson’s
comments specify other important indi
cators to consider, such as the total la
bor force participation rate.
Long-time readers may note that
Johnson’s report appears under the de
partment header “Commentary,” a de
partment that has not appeared previ
ously in the Review. The Commentary
feature is designed to accommodate re
marks that discuss earlier articles and
are longer and more substantive than
the Communications we have from time
to time published. Contributions to ei
ther department are welcomed enthusi
astically.
In 2000, the highest-paying major groups
of occupations were the legal occupations
group and the management occupations
group. Wage and salary workers in legal
occupations had a mean hourly wage of
$33.14, while those in management occu
pations had an average wage of $32.78.
The next highest paid groups were com
puter and mathematical ($27.91), architec
ture and engineering ($25.99), and busi
ness and financial operations ($23.30).
The occupational group with the
lowest mean wage was the food prepa
ration and serving related occupations
at $7.72. Fully three-quarters of workers
in these jobs earn less than $8.50 per
hour from their employers. The next low
est paying occupations were farming,
fishing, and forestry occupations, build
ing and grounds cleaning and mainte
nance occupations, and personal care
and service occupations. Mean hourly
wages for these occupational groups
were $9.07, $9.41, and $9.86, respectively.
Find out more in news reléase USDL 0 1 415, “Occupational Employment and
Wages, 2000.”_____________________
Full-time, full-year
work
Post-September 11
layoffs
A total of 148.6 million persons worked
at some point during 2000, of which 67.0
percent were employed year round and
full time. This percentage was up from
the 65.9 percent figure recorded in 1999
and was the highest since the series
began in 1950.
The share of men working full time
and year round rose from 73.4 percent in
1999 to 74.4 percent in 2000. The per
centage of women working full time and
year round increased even more, from
57.6 percent to 58.9 percent. Year-round
workers are employed for 50 to 52 weeks
a year and full-time workers usually work
3 5 or more hours a week. Learn more in
“Work Experience of the Population in
2000,” news release USDL 01-401.
In the third quarter of 2001, there were
I, 689 mass layoff actions by employers
that resulted in the separation of 349,866
workers from their jobs for more than 30
days. Both the total number of layoff
events and the number of separations
were sharply higher than July-September
2000. These totals include 143 events in
volving 55,000 workers were identified by
employers as directly or indirectly attrib
uted to the terrorist attacks of September
II. “Extended mass layoffs” last more
than 30 days and involve 50 or more indi
viduals from a single establishment filing
initial claims for unemployment insurance
during a consecutive 5-week period. Ad
ditional information is available in “Ex
tended Mass Layoffs in the Third Quarter
of2001,” news release USDL 01—425. □
-----J--------------December 2001
Productivity in Retail Trade
Labor productivity in the retail
trade industry, 1987-99
Faced with fierce competition, consolidation,
and increased demand, the industry experienced strong growth
in labor productivity over the period, partially due
to increased investments in information technologies
MarkSieling,
Brian Friedman,
and
Mark Dumas
Mark Sieling and
Mark Dumas are
economists and
Brian Friedman is a
supervisory econo
mist in the Office of
Productivity and
Technology, Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
etail trade employed 22.8 million persons
in 1999 and generated sales of nearly
$3 trillion. The large size of the retail sec
tor results in a high degree of interest in monthly
and especially holiday retail sales and makes the
performance of this sector important to the over
all health of the U.S. economy. In addition, it has
been suggested that “the retail sector . . . is par
ticularly important in creating jobs for groups with
high unemployment levels, employing relatively
large numbers of women, young people and the
people with little education. It is also a major pro
vider of part-time work.”1
The retail sector is a competitive and dynamic
part of the U.S. economy. Retail stores offer goods
bundled with services such as store location,
product assortment, timely delivery, product edu
cation, and store ambience.2 Differing retail store
formats have evolved offering varying degrees
of these services.3
Output and labor productivity in retail trade
experienced strong growth over the 1987-99 pe
riod. Strong demand for retail products corre
sponded with gains in labor productivity. (See
chart 1.) In addition, growth in retail square foot
age far exceeded population growth over the pe
riod.4 As a result, the industry has been faced
with overcapacity of retail space, which in turn
has led to continued fierce competition, consoli
dation under large corporations, and increasing
bankruptcies and liquidations.5
A long-term trend in retailing that began well
before 1987 and continued into the 1990s was
increased concentration. The proportion of sales
R
accounted for by the largest 50 firms and the largest
4 firms increased in nearly all retail industries be
tween 1977 and 1997.6 Stores belonging to chains
became more dominant in the industry, and the
growth in chain stores was accompanied by growth
in investment in information technologies, largely
due to the widespread use of Universal Product
Codes ( upc ’ s).
UPC’s are machine readable labels placed on
product packaging containing a series of bars (bar
codes) and numbers that provide information on
the manufacturer, a description of the item, and its
price. This technology allows retailers to gather data
at the point of sale (POS) with laser-based bar code
scanners. The information is then used to pinpoint
markets and better manage inventories. UPC’s were
first used in the food store industry and quickly
spread to general merchandising and eventually all
segments of retail trade.7
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has maintained
measures of labor productivity for all three- and
four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
code industries in retail trade for several years.8 In
June, 2001 bls published measures of labor pro
ductivity for the total retail trade sector, as well as
for each of the eight major groups within retail, de
fined at the two-digit level of the SIC system.
Over the 1987-99 period, labor productivity for
the total retail trade industry grew by an average
annual rate of 2.0 percent per year, reflecting annual
output growth of 3.4 percent and average annual
hours growth of 1.4 percent.9 During the second
half of the 1990s, labor productivity growth for re
tail trade accelerated sharply. (See chart 2.) During
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
3
Productivity in Retail Trade
Chart 1.
Labor productivity, output, and hours in retail trade, 1987-99
Index
Index
1987=100
1987=100
1987
Chart 2.
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Comparing labor productivity in retail trade, 1990-95 and 1995-99
Annual
percent
change
Annual
percent
change
10
10
1990-95
1995-99
Li
L
■
-2
-2
Total
retail
trade
Building
materials
stores
4 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
General
merchandise
stores
Food
stores
December 2001
Auto
dealers
and gas
stations
Apparel
stores
Home furniture, furnishings, and
equip, stores
Eating
and
drinking
places
Miscellaneous
retail
stores
the 1995-99 period, labor productivity increased at an aver
age annual rate of 3.1 percent or about twice the increase seen
during the 1990-95 period (1.6 percent). This pattern, to vari
ous degrees, also was evident in each of the two-digit SIC
industries in retail, with the exception of apparel stores.
Productivity in the total nonfarm business sector also ex
perienced a speedup during this later period. One factor
unique to retail trade during the 1995-99 period was an in
creased use of POS systems, which electronically link cash
registers, laser scanning devices, and credit card processing
machines with sophisticated software packages. POS systems
allow retailers to expand service and sales without the need
for increased sales personnel.10
Year-to-year changes in labor productivity for the retail
trade industry varied widely over the period, declining by 0.1
percent in 1989 and gaining 5.2 percent in 1999. The only year
in which both output and employee hours declined was 1991,
a year of overall economic contraction. In all other years,
growth in both output and employee hours was positive.
Between 1987 and 1997, gross retail sales in constant (1987)
dollars increased by 35.4 percent—from $ 1,541 billion to $2,087
billion. Over the same period, the number of retail establish
ments grew by only 6.7 percent (from 1.5 million to 1.6 million)
and retail employment grew by 16.4 percent (from 20.1 to 23.4
million).11 In addition, the industry became increasingly con
centrated during the period, characterized by larger firms. In
1987, for example, the 50 largest retail firms accounted for 20.3
percent of all sales, but by 1997 that proportion had grown to
25.7 percent.12
It should be noted, however, that growth in concentration,
constant-dollar sales per establishment, and labor productiv
ity for the total retail sector masks important differences among
various types of retail stores. For example, among the indi
vidual two-digit industries in retail trade, average annual la
bor productivity changes over the 1987-99 period ranged from
a decline of 0.4 percent per year for food stores to a gain of 5.8
percent for furniture, home furnishings and equipment stores,
which includes computer equipment stores. (See table 1.)
These varying rates of productivity growth in retail trade ap
pear to reflect different rates in the use of technological inno
vations, as well as disparate changes in industry structures,
and shifts in consumer purchasing patterns and preferences.13
The sections that follow examine labor productivity growth in
each of the two-digit industries within retail trade in terms of
these and other factors.
Building materials and garden supplies (SIC 52). Labor
productivity in this retail industry rose at an annual average
rate of 3.5 percent over the 1987-99 period. As with other
retail groups, the rate of growth in labor productivity was
higher in the second half of the 1990s. Over the 1990-95 pe
riod, labor productivity rose at an average rate of 3.3 percent,
reflecting average annual output growth of 5.0 percent and
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
employee hours growth of 1.6 percent. During the 1995-99
period, by contrast, productivity advanced by an average of
5.3 percent per year, with output increasing by 8.3 percent
annually and hours increasing by 2.8 percent per annum.
Lumber and other building materials stores (SIC 521), which
accounted for about two-thirds of total sales in building mate
rials, experienced a similar pattern to that of the larger group.
During the 1990-95 period, labor productivity growth aver
aged 2.5 percent per year, with output growth averaging 5.4
percent and employee hours averaging 2.9 percent. During
the 1995-99 period, labor productivity increased by 4.8 per
cent per annum, with output growing by an average of 9.5
percent and employee hours increasing by 4.5 percent.
In contrast to overall retail trade, in which output changes
typically closely follow overall economic conditions, year-toyear changes in output and labor productivity for lumber and
building materials stores are more influenced by trends in
home building and home remodeling.14 Unlike all other retail
trade stores, which sell predominately to the general public, a
large proportion of lumber and building materials sales are
accounted for by home builders and building contractors. In
1992, for example, more than two-fifths of total sales in lumber
and building materials stores were accounted for by sales to
builders and contractors—the highest ratio of sales not made
to final consumers among all types of retail outlets.15
Lumber and building materials stores underwent structural
changes during the 1990s that affected growth in labor pro
ductivity. The industry became increasingly characterized by
large-sized chain stores.16 Large national and regional chain
stores tend to invest more in computer-based technologies
like POS terminals and their associated software programs,
which are designed to manage inventories and facilitate or
dering from manufacturers.
General merchandise stores
(SIC 53). Between 1987 and
1999, labor productivity in general merchandise stores rose
by an average annual rate of 4.0 percent—double the rate for
overall retail trade. While the number of general merchandise
establishments remained fairly constant over the period, at
about 35,000, employee hours increased by 19.9 percent (or
1.5 percent, on average, per year) and constant dollar sales
increased by 92 percent (5.6 percent per annum).17 Productiv
ity gains during the 1990-95 period, which averaged 4.1 per
cent per year, were lower than those of the 1995-99 period (5.9
percent). While annual output gains were similar in both peri
ods (6.2 percent versus 6.6 percent), hours growth slowed
during the latter period to 0.7 percent per year, after growing
by 2.0 percent per year in the first half of the decade.
A key factor underlying labor productivity growth has
been the increasingly sophisticated use o f computer tech
nologies by general merchandise retail stores. Starting with
simple POS terminals in the 1980s, most general retailers have
expanded their use o f POS-based systems to better manage
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
5
Productivity in Retail Trade
■ O u tp u t p e r hour, o u tp u t, a n d hours for re ta il tr a d e industries:
O u tp u t p e r hour
SIC
5 23
5 25
5 26
53
531
533
5 39
54
541
542
546
55
551
5 53
554
56
561
5 62
5 65
5 66
57
571
5 72
573
O utput
Hours
Industry
1987-99
52
521
1 9 8 7 -9 9 , 1 9 9 0 -9 5 , a n d 1995^-99
1 9 9 0 -9 5
19 95-9 9
19 87-9 9
1990-95
1995-99
1987-99
1990-95
1 9 9 5 -9 9
R e ta il t r a d e ..................................
2 .0
1.6
3.1
3 .4
2 .8
4 .9
1.4
1.2
1.7
B u ild in g m a t e r ia ls ......................
L u m b e r a n d o th e r b u ild in g
m a te ria ls d e a le r s .................
P a in t, g la s s , a n d w a llp a p e r
s to re s .......................................
H a rd w a re s to r e s .....................
R e ta il n u rs e rie s , la w n ,
a n d g a rd e n s u p p ly s to re s
3 .5
3 .3
5 .3
5 .3
5 .0
8 .3
1.8
1.6
2 .8
3 .0
2 .5
4 .8
6 .0
5 .4
9 .5
3 .0
2 .9
4 .5
4 .2
3 .4
4 .2
.0
5 .7
6.6
3 .4
2 .7
2 .3
1.0
5 .7
3 .9
-.8
-.7
- 1 .8
1.0
.0
- 2 .6
3 .5
6 .7
6 .5
4.1
5 .3
8 .7
.6
- 1 .3
2.1
G e n e ra l m e rc h a n d is e
s t o r e s ...........................................
D e p a rtm e n t s t o r e s ................
V a rie ty s t o r e s .........................
4 .0
3 .3
10.2
4.1
3 .7
6 .5
5.9
6.2
10.9
5 .6
5 .7
4 .8
6.2
6.5
2 .5
6 .6
7.1
9 .9
1.5
2 .3
-4 .9
2 .0
2 .8
- 3 .7
.7
.9
-.9
M is c e lla n e o u s g e n e ra l
m e rc h a n d is e s t o r e s ..........
5 .7
7.1
3 .9
5 .5
5 .4
4 .0
-.3
-1 .6
.1
-.4
-.4
-.8
-.6
.3
.4
.5
.6
-.2
-.2
.9
.9
.9
1.0
.6
.4
.7
.5
- .1
- 1 .5
-.9
- 1 .9
1.3
.2
- 1 .7
-.6
-2 .5
.1
2 .4
2.1
-1 .6
.9
- 1 .6
2 .0
1.1
1.9
F o o d s t o r e s ..................................
G ro c e ry s t o r e s ......................
M e a t a n d fish (s e a fo o d )
m a r k e t s ..................................
R etail b a k e r ie s ......................
A u to m o tiv e d e a le rs
a n d g a s o lin e s e rv ic e
s t a t io n s ........................................
N e w a n d u s e d c a r d e a le rs .
A u to a n d h o m e s u p p ly
s t o r e s ......................................
G a s o lin e s e rv ic e s t a t io n s ..
1.8
9
1.8
.3
2 .3
.9
2 .6
2.1
2 .0
1.6
3 .7
2 .8
.8
1.1
.1
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.2
2 .9
1.0
4 .3
1.6
2 .5
3 .0
2 .3
1.8
2 .3
4 .2
2 .4
1.7
-.6
.7
-1 .9
2 .6
- .1
A p p a re l s t o r e s .............................
4 .4
5 .4
5 .2
4 .5
3 .5
6 .2
.1
-1 .8
.9
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ w e a r
s t o r e s .......................................
W o m e n ’s c lo th in g s to re s ...
F a m ily c lo th in g s t o r e s ........
S h o e s to r e s ..............................
3 .7
5 .5
3 .8
3 .5
1.0
5 .6
5 .6
5 .2
6 .2
8 .0
2 .5
2.1
.9
2.1
7 .8
2 .7
-2 .3
.7
7 .5
1.3
4 .5
3 .7
8 .6
3 .5
- 2 .7
- 3 .3
3 .8
-.7
- 3 .2
-4 .6
1.8
- 3 .7
-1 .7
-4 .0
6 .0
1.4
5 .8
6.0
7 .6
8 .0
7 .7
10.7
2.1
1.6
2 .9
2 .5
5 .2
2 .3
5 .8
3 .4
7 .4
3 .9
3 .3
2 .8
3 .0
5 .9
5 .4
1.3
- 1 .8
.4
-2 .6
2 .4
-1 .9
10.0
H o m e fu rn itu re , fu rn is h in g s ,
a n d e q u ip m e n t s t o r e s ............
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e fu rn is h in g s s t o r e s ..............
H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s to re s
R a d io , te le v is io n , c o m p u te r,
a n d m u s ic s t o r e s ..............
10.5
12.1
14.6
15.6
17.1
4 .2
4 .6
4 .5
58
E a tin g a n d d rin k in g p la c e s .......
.4
-.5
.6
2 .3
1.5
2 .9
2 .0
2 .0
2 .4
59
M is c e lla n e o u s re ta il s t o r e s ....
2 .6
1.7
5 .3
4 .3
2 .8
7 .5
1.6
1.0
2.1
2 .2
1.1
5.1
.9
-.2
3 .2
4 .0
3 .3
.1
9 .9
.8
6.4
1.1
2 .3
10.8
-2 .6
7 .7
3 .7
16.0
-1 .1
4 .6
- .1
-2 .3
4 .4
2 .3
1.4
4 .7
3 .2
6.9
1.2
4 .0
2 .8
6 .5
5 .7
2.1
4 .2
9 .9
.8
6.1
4 .9
9 .3
.0
6 .0
3 .8
9 .2
3 .7
3 .8
6 .4
12.7
-.3
7 .9
1.6
2 .2
-1 .1
1.9
1.0
2 .5
-1 .9
1.6
2.1
2 .5
- 1 .1
1.7
591
5 92
5 93
5 94
5 96
5 98
599
D ru g a n d p ro p rie ta ry
s t o r e s ....................................
L iq u o r s t o r e s ...........................
U s e d m e rc h a n d is e s to r e s ..
M is c e lla n e o u s s h o p p in g
g o o d s s t o r e s .........................
N o n s to re r e t a ile r s .................
F u e l d e a le r s .............................
R e ta il s to re s , n .e .c ...............
inventories, maintain and adjust prices more efficiently, and
develop individual customer databases used to micromarket
products.18
Although department stores (SIC 531) account for slightly
less than one-third of all general merchandise establishments,
they account for nearly 80 percent of total sales and 90 per
6 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
cent of total employment in the industry. During the first half
of the 1990s, labor productivity growth for department stores
averaged 3.7 percent per year, with output growth of 6.5 per
cent per year and employee hours growth of 2.8 percent per
year. From 1995 to 1999, by contrast, labor productivity grew
by 6.2 percent per year, as output growth remained strong at
7.1 percent per year, and employee hours increased by 0.9
percent per year.
In addition to the technology trends mentioned previ
ously, growth in department store labor productivity partly
reflects shifts in consumer spending patterns away from con
ventional stores to discount or mass merchandising depart
ment stores, which typically employ fewer workers per dollar
o f sales. In 1987, discount-type department stores accounted
for 43 percent of total department store sales; by 1997, the
proportion had increased to 63 percent. In response to this
shift in spending patterns, conventional stores have initi
ated a number of changes, including creating freestanding
specialty stores within the confines of their retail space.19
Reflecting different merchandising approaches, produc
tivity gains in variety stores (SIC 533) outstripped those of
department stores over various periods. Between 1987 and
1999, labor productivity growth in variety stores increased
by an average of 10.2 percent per year, while output grew
only 4.8 percent per year, and all-person hours declined by
4.9 percent per year. Labor productivity growth averaged 6.5
percent per annum during the 1990-95 period and acceler
ated to 10.9 percent per annum during the 1995-99 period.
Productivity gains in variety stores resulted in part from
the growth in larger mass merchandising stores. As discussed
previously, these newer stores are geared toward increased
use of self-service operations and employed fewer employ
ees per square foot of retail space and fewer employees per
dollar of sales. The number of variety stores increased by
34.9 percent between 1987 and 1997 (from 10,424 to 14,065),
while the total number of employees fell by 45 percent over
the same period (from 247,200 to 135,900).
Food stores (SIC 54). Among the two-digit industries
within retail trade, only food stores had negative labor produc
tivity growth over the entire period of this study (1987-99). Av
erage annual labor productivity declined by 0.4 percent, reflect
ing output growth of 0.5 percent per year and employee hours
growth of 0.9 percent per year. Reversing a decline of 0.8
percent per year that occurred for the 1990-1995 period, la
bor productivity increased 0.3 percent per year during the
1995-99 period. Output during the first half of the 1990s de
clined by an average of 0.2 percent per year, while hours grew
by an average of 0.6 percent per year. During the second half
of the decade, output grew by an average of 0.9 percent per
year, and hours increased by 0.7 percent annually.
Among the seven three-digit SIC industries making up the
food stores group (SIC 54), the grocery stores group (SIC 541)
was by far the largest in terms of both number of employees
and annual sales. In 1997, grocery stores employed 3.2 mil
lion workers (87 percent of food store employment) and reg
istered sales of more than $402 billion (95 percent of total
food store sales). Average annual changes in output, em
ployee hours, and productivity in grocery stores over the
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1987-99 period were influenced by shifting consumer spend
ing patterns and changes in industry structure. Consumers
increasingly turned away from conventional grocery stores
for their food purchases, choosing instead superstores and
hypermarkets. These stores typically offer a wide variety of
general merchandise in addition to food products, and many
are classified as part of the general merchandise retail group.
In addition, there was strong growth in convenience food
stores in combination with service stations and classified as
part of the service station industry. In 1988, conventional
grocery stores accounted for 42.8 percent of all consumer
expenditures for food at home; by 1998, that proportion had
fallen to 13.4 percent.20
In response to these changes in consumer spending pat
terns, the overall number of grocery stores shrank over the
1987-97 period—from 137,584 to 126,546, an 8.0-percent drop.
At the same time, however, overall floor space increased, as
newly opened establishments tended to be larger sized es
tablishments.21 A wide range of technologies and processes
designed to improve customer service and profits also was
introduced in many establishments.22 These include the
growing use of POS data and continuous replenishment pro
grams to better control inventories, electronic data inter
change and computer assisted ordering to increase the speed
and reduce errors in ordering, and new standard bar codes
for case lots and variable weight products like produce.23
The positive effect on labor productivity that these new tech
nologies and processes offer, however, was dampened to
some degree by an increase in the percentage of establish
ments offering specialized services. These services— such
as delicatessens, full-service bakeries, and specialized meat
and fish departments—are more labor intensive than selfservice operations.24
Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations (SIC
55). Labor productivity in this industry grew at an average
annual rate of 1.8 percent over the 1987-99 period, while out
put increased by 2.6 percent per year, and hours grew by 0.8
percent per year. Labor productivity growth in the second
half of the 1990s grew at a slightly faster pace than in first
half—2.3 percent per annum versus 1.8 percent per annum.
Productivity changes for this retail group reflect the changes
in its dominant industries—new and used car dealers (SIC
551), auto and home supply stores (SIC 553), and gasoline
service stations (SIC 554)— which together account for about
85 percent of sales and employment.25
The overall growth of labor productivity for new and used
car dealers over the period (0.9 percent annually) reflected
annual output growth of 2.1 percent and hours gains o f 1.1
percent. During the 1990-95 period, labor productivity grew
at a relatively slow pace (0.3 percent per year), reflecting out
put growth of 1.6 percent per year and employee hours growth
of 1.3 percent. During the next 4 years, labor productivity
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
7
Productivity in Retail Trade
growth increased at an average annual pace of 0.9 percent, as
output grew by 2.8 percent and hours by 1.9 percent.
Although the number of car dealerships shrank slightly,
from 28,300 in 1987 to 25,900 thousand in 1997, total employ
ment grew by 13 percent over the period, from 925,000 to
1,046,100. The employment gains were primarily focused in
the area of car repair and maintenance services.26 Gains in
efficiency in the service departments of car dealerships—
mainly due to the increased use of computer diagnostic equip
ment and modular systems in automobiles—may have led to
some of these productivity increases.
Auto and home supply stores generally followed the same
pattern. With average output growth of 3.0 percent and hours
increasing at an average annual rate of 1.7 percent, overall
labor productivity increased by 1.2 per year for the 1987-99
period. Labor productivity gains were greater during the 199599 period than in the early part of the decade— 1.6 versus 1.0
percent. In addition, as with car dealerships, the number of
auto and home supply stores declined—from 46,000 in 1987
to 40,500 in 1997—while the number of employees increased—
from 345,000 to 415,000. Again, employment gains were greater
in the vehicle repair and maintenance segment of the industry
rather than in sales personnel.27
Gasoline stations experienced higher average annual rates
of labor productivity growth than either new and used car
dealerships or auto and home supply stores. Over the 1987—
99 period, annual output growth of 2.3 percent and a decline
in all-person hours of 0.6 percent led to productivity increases
in service stations averaging 2.9 percent annually. Unlike most
retail industries, average annual labor productivity gains were
greater for gasoline stations in the 1990-95 period (4.3 per
cent) than in the 1995-99 period (2.5 percent).
The number of gas stations fell by 13.9 percent—from 115,000
in 1987 to 99,000 in 1997. Labor productivity in the industry
was aided by the long-term trend toward more self-service
gasoline pumps and by a reduction in auto repair and mainte
nance services, which is a more labor-intensive activity.28
Apparel stores
(SIC 56). Labor productivity in apparel
stores increased at the second highest rate among all major
retail groups— averaging 4.4 percent a year over the 1987-99
period. Output grew at an average annual rate of 4.5 percent,
while hours grew only 0.1 percent per year. Most of the threeand four-digit SIC apparel store industries experienced a de
cline in the number of establishments and basically flat em
ployment levels over this 12-year period.
Alone among all of the two-digit SIC major retail groups,
apparel stores registered lower labor productivity growth over
the 1995-99 period compared with the 1990-95 period (5.2
percent versus 5.4 percent). Output growth in total apparel
stores was higher in the second half of the 1990s (6.2 percent
versus 3.5 percent). Hours declined by an average annual rate
of 1.8 percent during the 1990-95 period and increased at a
8 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
rate of 0.9 percent for the 1995-99 period. Most of the employ
ment decline in the latter period came from family clothing
stores (SIC 565). These declines were not repeated in all threedigit industries within apparel stores, however, as different
kinds of stores responded differently to changes in consumer
spending patterns. Like many industries in retail trade, the
general trend was towards fewer but larger sized establish
ments offering a greater variety of merchandise while at the
same time offering more customer service in terms of in
creased sales personnel.29
The top three apparel groups in terms of sales are family
clothing stores (SIC 565), with 38 percent of sales in 1997;
women’s clothing stores (SIC 562), with 25 percent; and shoe
stores (SIC 566), with 17 percent. Family clothing stores, which
include jeans and casual wear stores, experienced an average
annual growth rate in labor productivity of 3.8 percent over the
1987-99 period. Output grew by an average of 7.8 percent per
year and employee hours by 3.8 percent. The family clothing
stores group "also was the only large apparel industry that had
an increase in the number of establishments over the 1987-97
period—from about 18,000 to 20,000. In addition, employment
increased from 272,000 to 362,000 over the period.30
During the 1990-95 period, labor productivity grew by 5.6
percent per year in family clothing stores, reflecting output
growth of 7.5 percent and annual gains in hours of 1.8 per
cent. During the second half of the decade, output growth
accelerated to 8.6 per cent per annum (partially reflecting the
shift to more casual attire in many offices around the coun
try).31 Hours growth averaged 6.0 percent, which resulted in
labor productivity growth of 2.5 percent. For family clothing
stores, factors tending to increase labor productivity, such as
larger store sizes and increasing consolidation (which allows
for larger investments in computer technology), were offset
to some degree by increased levels of personal service.32
Average annual labor productivity growth in women’s
clothing stores was higher in the 1995-99 period (8.0 percent)
than in the first half of the decade (5.6 percent). While output
climbed at an average annual rate of 3.7 percent during the
1995-99 period (compared with only 0.7 percent during the
1990-95 period), employee hours shrank by 4.0 percent per
year—similar to the average annual decline in the early 1990s
of 4.6 percent. Between 1987 and 1997, the number of women’s
clothing stores fell by 23.1 percent—from 52,000 to 40,000—
while the number of employees declined by 29.4 percent—
from 419,000 to 296,000. Productivity gains in women’s cloth
ing stores were only moderately influenced by industry con
solidation. Between 1987 and 1997, the proportion of sales
accounted for by the top four firms remained fairly stable and
was the lowest ratio of any of the major apparel industries.33
Average annual labor productivity growth in shoe stores
was lower in the 1995-99 period (2.1 percent) than in the first
half of the decade (5.2 percent). Although average output
increased by 3.5 percent (compared with 1.3 percent in the
1990-95 period), employee hours grew by 1.4 percent annu
ally in contrast to an average annual decline in hours over the
1990-95 period of 3.7 percent.34
Home furniture, furnishings, and equipment stores
(SIC 5 7 ).
This two-digit industry within retail trade had the highest an
nual average growth in labor productivity over the 1987-99
period, 5.8 percent, reflecting output growth of 8.0 percent per
year and hours growth of 2.1 percent. As with most other
retail trade groups, labor productivity gains were higher dur
ing the 1995-99 period than during the first half of the 1990s—
7.6 percent versus 6.0 percent per year.
A similar pattern was found in the two largest components
o f this tw o-digit retail trade industry— furniture and
homefurnishing stores (SIC 571) and radio, television, com
puter, and music stores (SIC 573). The former increased by 2.3
percent per year during the 1990—95 period, and by 3.4 per
cent during the 1995-99 period. These increases reflected
gains in annual output over the two periods of 2.8 percent and
3.4 percent, respectively, and gains in hours of 0.4 percent
and 2.4 percent.35
Even greater gains were registered in radio, television, com
puter, and music stores for both periods.36 For the 1990-95
period, labor productivity gains averaged 10.5 percent per
annum, reflecting output gains of 15.6 percent and employee
hours increases of 4.6 percent. During the 1995-99 period,
labor productivity increased 12.1 percent per year, output in
creased 17.1 percent per year, and employee hours increased
by 4.5 percent per year. In contrast to furniture stores, which
remained a relatively dispersed industry with the top four firms
accounting for less than one-tenth of sales over the 1987-97
period, radio, television, computer, and music stores became
much more concentrated. In 1987, the top four firms accounted
for about one-third of all sales, but by 1997, that percentage
was a little more than three-fifths.
Eating and drinking places
(SIC 58). Output in eating and
drinking places expanded at an average annual rate of 2.3
percent over the 1987-99 period. Labor productivity, how
ever, increased by only 0.4 percent as average hours growth
(2.0 percent) almost kept pace with output gains.
Labor productivity in eating places (SIC 5812), which ac
count for 95 percent of industry sales and employment, in
creased 0.5 percent per year over the 1987-99 period, with
output increasing by 2.6 percent and hours increasing 2.1
percent per year. During the 1990-95 period, labor productiv
ity increased 0.7 percent per annum, compared with average
annual declines of 0.4 percent during the 1990-95 period.
During the first half of the 1990s, average annual output gains
of 1.7 percent per year were exceeded by gains in hours of 2.2
percent. In the second half of the decade, by contrast, aver
age output gains exceeded growth in hours (3.1 percent ver
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
sus 2.4 percent). Part of the increase in labor productivity
over the latter part of the decade can be attributed to the
growing use of POS terminals and small computer systems—
especially in table service restaurants—which speed up ser
vice and reduce labor requirements.37
Between 1987 and 1997, the number of eating places in
creased by more than one-fifth—the largest percent increase
of any retail group—while employment increased by about
one-quarter, which also is among the highest increases re
corded.38 Productivity trends, however, do not seem to have
been influenced by changes in the industry’s structure: Table
service establishments, for example, have consistently ac
counted for about one-half of total industry sales and number
of establishments.39
Miscellaneous retail stores
(SIC 59). Labor productivity in
miscellaneous retail stores—a group comprising a diverse
blend of specialized retailers—grew by 2.6 percent per year
over the 1987-99 period, which reflected per annum output
growth of 4.5 percent and hours growth of 1.6 percent. Growth
in average annual labor productivity varied considerably
among the several types of specialized retailers—ranging from
1.1 percent for liquor stores (SIC 592) to 6.9 percent for
nonstore retailers (SIC 596).
As with other major industries within retail trade, produc
tivity growth for miscellaneous retail stores was greater dur
ing the second half of the 1990s than during the first half of
the decade (5.3 percent versus 1.7 percent per year). During
the 1990-95 period, output grew by 2.8 percent per annum,
and employee hours grew by 1.0 percent per year. From 1995
to 1999, however, average annual output and hours growth
more than doubled, rising to 7.5 percent and 2.1 percent, re
spectively.
Productivity growth for drug stores also was higher dur
ing the 1995-99 period.40 Reflecting average output growth
of 6.4 percent and hours growth of 2.3 percent, labor produc
tivity during the latter half of the 1990s averaged 4.0 percent
per year—nearly 4 times the rate recorded in the first half of
the decade (0.9 percent per annum)41. Contributing to the
strong growth was the introduction of a variety of computerbased systems that reduce labor requirements in such areas
as billing and dispensing medications.42 Increasingly during
the 1990s, drug stores employed management information
systems linking individual stores to health insurer’s data
bases, which allowed more accurate and timely filling of pre
scriptions and billing. In addition, automated dispensing sys
tems, which usually make prescription filling more efficient,
increasingly are being used throughout the industry.
Reflecting different rates of productivity growth among a
variety of specialty retail stores, labor productivity growth in
miscellaneous shopping goods stores (sic 594) also was
higher during the 1995-99 period than during the first half of
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
9
Productivity in Retail Trade
the decade (4.2 percent versus 2.8 percent)43. While industry
hours advanced by an average of 2.1 percent per year over
the 1995-99 period (versus 1.0 percent during the 1990-95
period), output advanced by an average of 6.4 percent (ver
sus earlier gains of 3.8 percent).
Productivity growth for nonstore retailers (SIC 596) in
creased from an average annual rate of 6.5 percent during the
1990-95 period to 9.9 percent during the latter half of the de
cade. Catalog and mail order houses (SIC 5961), the dominant
industry in this group, accounted for 79 percent of sales in
1999. Although this industry lost some market share to mis
cellaneous general merchandise stores (SIC 539), the desire
for consumers to save time spent engaged in shopping fa
vored the retail formats of catalog and mail order houses.44
Productivity in this industry grew at an average annual rate of
7.0 percent during the 1990-95 period and increased to 12.4
percent per year during the 1995-99 period. Industry output
growth was bolstered by increases in online sales—the vast
majority of catalog companies sell on the Internet.45 E-com
merce sales accounted for 0.5 percent of total retail sales in
1999, 77 percent of these sales occurring in the nonstore re
tailer industry group.46
DURING t h e 1987-99 PERIOD, labor productivity growth has
varied widely among retail industries. Large stores offering a
wide array of goods accompanied by low prices and rela
tively high use of self-service systems spurred labor produc
tivity growth in a number of retail industries. For example,
variety stores (SIC 533) and radio, television, computer, and
music stores (SIC 573) posted average annual gains in labor
productivity of 10.0 percent and 10.2 percent, respectively,
with productivity growth in the latter industry aided by
strong demand for computers and related products. On the
other hand, retail industries having relatively labor intensive
production functions experienced lower productivity growth.
Eating and drinking places (SIC 581), for example, recorded
productivity growth of less than 1.0 percent during the 1987—
99 period.
Retail trade also experienced a widespread pickup in labor
productivity growth in the latter half of the 1990s, compared
with the first half of the decade. Of the 28 published threedigit SIC industries in retail, 22 experienced stronger growth in
productivity in the 1995-99 period than in the 1990-95 period.
In addition, 5 three-digit retail industries experienced increases
in average annual productivity growth over the period of at
least 4 additional percentage points.
Retail trade remains an important and dynamic part of the
U.S. economy. Productivity growth will continue to depend
on maintaining tightly controlled inventories and offering
products finely tuned to consumer demand based on data
collected at the point of sale and stored in large marketing
databases.
□
N otes
1 Martin Neil Baily and Eric Zitzewitz, “Service Sector Productivity
Comparisons: Lessons for Measurement,” in Charles R. Hulten, Edwin
R. Dean, and Michael J. Harper, eds., New Developments in Productiv
ity Analysis (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2001), pp. 419-64;
quote, p. 434.
2 Roger R. Betancourt and David A. Gautschi, “The Output of Retail
Activities: Concepts, Measurement and Evidence from U.S. Census
Data, The Review o f Economics and Statistics, May 1993.
3 Walter Oi, “Retailing in a Dynamic Economy,” paper presented at
the Output and Productivity Measurement in the Service Sector Work
shop, The Brookings Institution, Sept 18, 1998.
4 Retail square footage figures, International Council o f Shopping
Centers; population figures, Bureau of the Census.
5 Standard and P o o r’s, “Retailing: General,” May 1999, pp. 6-7.
6 Bureau o f the Census, Census of Retail Trade.
7 Stephen A. Brown, Revolution at the Checkout Counter (Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, ma, and London, uk, 1977), pp. 1-22.
8 The bls Division o f Industry Productivity Studies publishes labor
productivity and related measures for 28 three-digit sic and 40 four
digit sic industries in retail trade, available on the Internet at http://
w w w .bls.gov/lpc. bls also maintains measures for an additional 13
three-digit sic and 24 four-digit sic retail measures that currently are
unpublished. Requests for data, published and unpublished, or for infor
mation relating to the data should be sent to dipsweb@bls.gov (e-mail);
for telephone inquiries, call (202) 691-5618. For information on the
sic system itself, see Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987
(Office of Management and Budget, 1987); also, “Industrial Classifica
10 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
tion,” bls Handbook o f Methods, Bulletin 2490 (Bureau o f Labor Sta
tistics, April 1997), app. B, pp. 234-36.
9 Hours for retail trade, with two exceptions, are all-person hours,
including hours for the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and paid
employees. The two exceptions are department stores, sic 531, and
new and used franchised car dealers, sic 551, for which hours are based
on paid employees only.
10 Point-of-sale ( pos) terminals in retail trade increased over the
1990-95 period from 53,000 to 529,000, but growth accelerated from
1995 forward with about 1.7 million pos terminals in use by 1998. See
Statistical Abstract o f the United States (Bureau o f the Census, 1999),
table 829.
11 The latest year for which data from the census o f retail trade are
available for the total number o f establishments is 1997. The number
of establishments declined in the areas o f building materials stores (SIC
52), general merchandise stores (sic 53), food stores (sic 54), automo
bile dealers and gas stations (sic 55), and apparel stores (sic 56). These
declines, however, were more than offset by increases in the number of
establishments in all other areas o f retail trade. In contrast, only ap
parel stores (sic 56) experienced a decline in employment over the
1987-97 period.
12
Bureau of the Census, 1992 Economic Census.
13 See Standard & Poor's Industry Surveys, various years, for de
tailed analysis of various components of the retail industry and changes
in consumer preferences.
14 Annual changes in housing starts were consistently negative over
1987-91 and 1994-95 periods, which had a dampening effect on out-
put and productivity growth. New home sales had picked up by 1995.
Industry sales were boosted by the fact that the typical buyer o f an
existing home spends about $1,000 per year on home improvement
activities during the first two years o f occupancy. See Standard &
P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Retailing: Specialty,” May 27, 1999, page 2.
15 Bureau o f the Census, 1992 Economic Census.
16 Standard & P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Retailing: Specialty,” May
27, 1999, pp. 2-3.
17 The actual number o f employees increased by about 16.7 percent
over the 1987-1999 period, from 2.4 million to 2.8 million (1.1 per
cent per year).
18 Standard & P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Retailing: General,” May
20, 1999, pp. 14-15.
19 Daniel Raff and Peter Temin, “Sears Roebuck in the Twentieth
Century: Competition, Complementaries, and the Problem o f Wasting
Assets,” nber Working Paper Series on Historical Factors in Long Run
Growth, Historical Paper 102, June 1997.
employment in gas stations increased by about 3.4 percent, but the
number of auto mechanics and auto body repairers fell by a little more
than 20 percent— from 53,500 to 42,400.
29 Standard & P o o r ’s Industry Surveys, “Retailing: Apparel and
Footwear,” 1997, p. 10. In general, apparel and accessory stores have
experienced the highest rate of turnover of any retail sector, which has
weeded out the weaker players, leaving the more efficient ones stand
ing. Also, see Standard & P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Retailing: Spe
cialty,” May 27, 1999, p. 12.
30 The only other apparel industry experiencing growth in the num
ber of stores was women’s accessory stores (sic 563), which account for
a small percentage o f total apparel store sales. The number o f acces
sory establishments increased from 7,500 in 1987 to 8,900 in 1997.
31 Standard & P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Retailing: Specialty,” May
27, 1999, p. 15.
32 In 1987, the four top firms in the industry accounted for 29.9
percent o f total sales. By 1997, the proportion was 43.3 percent;
Bureau of the Census, Census of Retail Trade. Between 1987 and 1997,
the average number of employees per establishment increased by onefifth, from 15 to 18 employees per store.
20 usda , Food Marketing Review. Hypermarkets and superstores
were generally classified within the grocery store industry, sic 541.
These different types o f grocery stores, however, offered varying de
grees o f services to the consumers and affected measured industry pro
ductivity. Convenience stores connected to service stations typically
were classified in the service station industry, sic 554.
33 Bureau o f the Census, Economic Census; in 1987, the four top
firms accounted for 22.1 percent o f total sales; by 1997, the propor
tion was 27.1 percent.
21 Between 1987 and 1992 (the last year for which data are avail
able), under-roof selling floor space for grocery stores increased by
12.9 percent— from 747.6 million square feet to 844 million square
feet; Bureau o f the Census, Economic Censuses.
34 From 1987 to 1997, the number o f shoe stores declined by more
than 20 percent— from 39,000 to 31,000. Employment, however,
declined by only 10 percent over that period— from 231,000 to
208,000— and posted positive gains in 1997 and 1998.
22 The introduction o f capital-intensive technologies was abetted
by the growing consolidation o f the grocery store industry— especially
since the early 1990s— because large firms can more readily afford such
expenditures. In 1992, for example, the top five firms in the industry
in terms o f sales accounted for 19 percent of total sales. By 1998, that
proportion was projected to reach 33 to 40 percent. See Standard &
P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Supermarkets & Drugstores,” 1998, p. 9.
35 In 1997, furniture and homefurnishing stores accounted for
about 58 percent o f the 115,000 establishments within this sector; 52
percent o f the 1.1 million employees, and 49 percent o f the 140
billion dollars o f annual sales— percentages that were similar to those
o f 1987.
23 For a detailed discussion o f these and other technologies and
processes, see Ronald B. Larson, “Key Developments in the Food
Distribution System,” Working Paper 97-08, Applied Economics De
partment, University o f Minnesota, 1997.
24 Between 1990 (the first year for which data are available) and
1998, the percent o f supermarkets offering a full service delicatessen
increased from 73 percent to 81 percent; full service bakeries from 60
percent to 69 percent; full service meat departments from 42 percent
to 59 percent; and full service fish departments from 33 percent to 43
percent. Progressive Grocer, Annual Report o f the Grocery Industry,
various years.
25 During this period, the percent o f sales accounted for by each
group remained fairly constant, with new and used car dealerships ac
counting for about 60 percent o f total sales, gasoline service stations
accounting for about 20 percent, and auto supply stores accounting for
5 to 6 percent.
26 According to bls employment estimates, the total number o f
employees working in new and used car dealerships increased by about 9
percent from 1988 to 1997, and the number o f auto mechanics and
auto body repairers increased by 12 percent over the same period—
from 211,000 to 237,000.
27 Between 1988 and 1997, total employment in auto and home
supply stores increased by 14 percent, while the number o f auto me
chanics and auto body repairers increased by 21 percent over the
period.
28 In 1987, about two-thirds o f all gas pumps were self-service; by
1992, that proportion had grown to slightly more than four-fifths;
Bureau o f the Census, Economic Census. Between 1988 and 1997, total
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
36 Radio, television, computer, and music stores experienced sig
nificant gains in the number o f establishments, employees, and sales
over the 1987-97 period: The number o f establishments increased
from 33,700 to 38,400, the number o f employees increased from
296,700 to 453,800, and total sales increased from $24.9 billion (32
percent o f sales) to $61.8 billion (44 percent o f sales).
37 David Belam, “Tools o f the Trade: Technology in the Restau
rant,” Restaurants usa, September 1997. According to this case study,
the introduction o f pos terminals and technology produced substantial
reductions in labor requirements and improvements in both speed and
service.
38 In 1997, eating and drinking places was the largest retail group
in terms o f number o f establishments (476,000) and employment
(7.9 million workers). Four other retail trade groups, however, regis
tered greater total sales than those recorded for eating and drinking
places ($254 billion).
39 Standard & P o o r ’s Industry Surveys, “Restaurants,” February
24, 2000.
40 Drug stores were the largest industry group within miscellaneous
retail stores, in terms o f establishments, employment, and sales. In
1997, for example, drug stores accounted for about 12 percent o f all
miscellaneous retail establishments, 18 percent o f employment, and
25 percent of total miscellaneous retail sales.
41 Between 1987 and 1997, the number o f drug stores fell from
52,000 to about 44,000— a decline o f more than 15 percent. The
number o f employees, on the other hand, actually rose by about 5
percent over the same period— from 603,000 to 634,000.
42 Standard & P o o r’s Industry Surveys, “Supermarkets and Drug-
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
11
Productivity in Retail Trade
stores,” 1998, p. 17. It should also be noted that the introduction of
such technologies was abetted by the growing consolidation o f the
industry— larger firms can more readily afford such systems. In 1987,
for example, the top four firms accounted for about 23 percent o f
total drug store sales. By 1997, the proportion was 47 percent; Bu
reau o f the Census, Economic Census.
combined accounted for about one-third o f total establishments and
employment and about one-quarter of total sales for sic 59.
44 Mark W. Dumas, “Productivity trends in two retail trade indus
tries, 1987-95,” Monthly Labor Review, July 1997, p. 38.
45 A study by the Direct Marketing Association reported that 95
43
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores consists o f sporting goodspercent o f all catalog companies also sold on the Internet, with these
sales accounting for 13 percent o f their total sales. See “Retailing by
stores (sic 5941), book stores (sic 5942), stationary stores (sic 5943),
the Book,” The Washington Post, September 6, 2001.
jewelry stores (sic 5944), hobby, toy, and game shops (sic 5945), camera
and photographic supply stores (sic 5946), gift, novelty, and souvenir
46 Based on Annual Retail Trade data published by the Bureau o f
shops (sic 5947), luggage and leather goods stores (sic 5948), and sewing,
the Census. Data are for nonstore retailers classified under the North
needlework, and piece goods stores (sic 5949). In 1997, these stores
American Industry Classification System as industry naics 454.
Appendix:
Using the
c p i - u - rs
versus the
c p i- u
The indexes o f output per hour o f all persons for retail trade have
been developed according to procedures follow ed by the Bureau o f
Labor Statistics for measuring changes in the relationship between
output and the hours expended in producing that output.1 Output
indexes— referred to as benchmark indexes— are first derived from
data from two consecutive quinquennial (5-year) censuses. Annual
indexes o f intercensal year output are adjusted to the benchmark
levels for census years. To compute an index o f output per hour,
the output index is then divided by an index o f hours.
For four-digit SIC industries in retail trade, the computation o f
the benchmark output indexes begins with sales data from the Cen
sus o f Retail Trade. Current-dollar sales for each category o f mer
chandise in the industry (merchandise lines) are deflated with price
indexes. The deflated sales, by merchandise line, are aggregated ac
cording to the Tom qvist index formula. This aggregation is further
adjusted for industry coverage to yield the final benchmark output
index.
Annual industry output indexes are computed by deflating an
nual total industry sales with annual industry deflators. Annual in
dustry deflators are constructed as a weighted average o f the price
indexes for the current year. The weights are the value o f the mer
chandise lines in the previous benchmark year.
Previously, benchmark and annual industry deflators were de
rived from the detailed price index series o f the Consumer Price
Index for A ll Urban Consumers (cpi-u ).2 Now , the benchmark and
annual deflators are derived using the recently constructed CPl re
search series using current m ethods (CPI-U-RS).3 When m ethod
ological changes are made to the official cpi-u , they are carried
forward in time, but the cpi-u is not revised historically. The cpi -URS, on the other hand, incorporates all m ethodological changes made
to the cpi -u and extends these changes back to 1978. The cpi-u -rs
w as developed by bls to provide government statistical agencies
and researchers a consistent time series o f price change— exactly
what is needed for developing the deflated output measures for
productivity series.
The detailed cpi-u -rs series are available at the product group
level for the 1 9 7 8 -8 7 period, and at the more detailed product level
for 1987 to the present. For the 24 industry labor productivity
series o f retail trade that extend back prior to 1987, revisions using
the cpi -u -rs series were made beginning with 1978. The analysis
that follow s m easures the effects o f using the cpi -u -rs on labor
12 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
for output deflators
productivity growth rates, and it breaks the 1 9 7 8 -9 7 period into 5year subperiods corresponding to the quinquennial censuses: 1 9 7 7 82, 1982-87’, 198 7 -9 2 , and 1992-97.
In som e cases, the price index used to deflate a value o f mer
chandise-line sales is a directly matched cpi -u -r s . In other cases,
the deflator is a w eighted average o f cpi -u -rs price indexes that
have been combined using the relative-importance weights assigned
to each cpi . In still other cases (those prior to 1987), deflators or
com bined deflators based on the cpi -u are adjusted to cpi -u -rs
levels using the ratio o f the cpi -u -rs to the cpi -u at the product
group level and applying these ratios to the appropriate CPi-u de
tailed price indexes. In cases in which there is not an exact match o f
price indexes with merchandise line sales, a price index or com bina
tion o f price indexes closely associated with the merchandise line
sales is used.
For the 1 9 7 7 -8 2 period, 88 separate deflators based on the cpi u -rs are used for the various merchandise lines for all retail indus
tries. O f these deflators, 23 are direct m atches betw een the mer
chandise line and a specific price index, 22 are com binations o f cpi u -rs indexes, and 43 are price indexes or com binations that are
adjusted to cpi -u -rs levels using the ratio o f product group cpi -u -rs
to cpi -u . For the 1 9 8 2 -8 7 period, 113 deflators are used— 24 di
rectly priced, 24 w eighted averages o f cpi -u -rs indexes, and 65
deflators adjusted using product group index ratios. After 1987,
much more product detail is available for the cpi -u -r s . For the
1 9 8 7 -9 2 period, 122 deflators are used, with 75 directly matched
to merchandise lines and 47 w eighted averages o f individual cpi -u RS indexes. For 1992 forward, 128 deflators are used with 79 di
rectly matched to merchandise lines and 49 weighted averages o f
cpi -u -rs indexes.
In developing output and productivity measures for three-digit
Sic retail trade industry groups, four-digit s ic industry annual out
put indexes are Tom qvist weighted to derive indexes o f output.
Four-digit SIC industry sales are used as w eights. In the same man
ner, two-digit Sic major group series are aggregates o f the three-digit
series. The series for total retail trade is an aggregate o f the tw odigit SIC major group measures.
Results
Table A - 1 show s the percentage-point changes in labor productiv
ity trends over the 1 9 7 7 -9 7 period for all published three-digit sic
industries in retail trade that result from using the CPI-U-RS (versus
T a b le A - l .
P e r c e n ta g e p o in t c h a n g e in la b o r p ro d u c tiv ity resulting fro m revising industry d e fla to rs to th o s e b a s e d
In d u s tr y
S IC
1 9 7 7 -8 2
1 9 8 2 -8 7
521
5 23
5 25
5 26
531
L u m b e r a n d o th e r b u ild in g m a te ria ls d e a le r s .......................
_
-
P a in t, g la s s , a n d w a llp a p e r s to r e s ............................................
H a rd w a re s t o r e s ...............................................................................
R e ta il n u rs e rie s , la w n , a n d g a rd e n s u p p ly s t o r e s .............
D e p a rtm e n t s t o r e s ..........................................................................
.6
.4
.5
5 33
5 39
541
5 42
V a rie ty s t o r e s ....................................................................................
M is c e lla n e o u s g e n e ra l m e rc h a n d is e s t o r e s ..........................
.7
.6
.6
.5
.8
.7
5 46
R e ta il b a k e r ie s ...................................................................................
.3
551
5 53
5 54
561
5 62
N e w a n d u s e d c a r d e a le r s ...........................................................
A u to a n d h o m e s u p p ly s t o r e s ....................................................
G a s o lin e s e rv ic e s ta tio n s .............................................................
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ w e a r s to r e s ......................................................
W o m e n ’s c lo th in g s t o r e s ..............................................................
.2
.2
.0
.6
1.9
F a m ily c lo th in g s t o r e s ...................................................................
1.2
S h o e s t o r e s ........................................................................................
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e fu rn is h in g s s t o r e s ...................................
H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s to re s ........................................................
R a d io , te le v is io n , c o m p u te r, a n d m u s ic s t o r e s .................
.5
.6
5 65
5 66
571
572
573
581
591
592
593
594
596
598
599
G ro c e ry s t o r e s .................................................................................
M e a t a n d fis h (s e a fo o d ) m a r k e t s .............................................
E a tin g a n d d rin k in g p la c e s ............................................................
D ru g a n d p ro p rie ta ry s t o r e s ........................................................
L iq u o r s t o r e s .......................................................................................
U s e d m e rc h a n d is e s t o r e s ..... ......................................................
M is c e lla n e o u s s h o p p in g g o o d s s t o r e s ....................................
N o n s to re r e t a ile r s ............................................................................
F u e l d e a le r s ........................................................................................
R e ta il s to re s , n .e .c .................... ......................................................
the CPI-U) to construct the benchmark and annual deflators.4 In
general, the revised industry deflators based on the cpi-u -rs grew at
a slow er rate than those based on the cpi-u . Output and productiv
ity, therefore, increased at faster rates o f growth than they did when
previously published. O f the 28 published three-digit measures, 14
have average annual revisions greater than 0.5 percentage points for
labor productivity from 1987 to 1992. Published data for 20 threedigit retail industries extend back to 1977 or earlier. Eleven o f these
industries had revisions greater than 0.5 percentage points per year
from 1982 to 1987, and nine had revisions greater than 0.5 percent
age points from 1977 to 1982. In the 197 7 -8 2 period, two industries
had labor productivity revisions greater than 1.0 percentage point
per year— w om en’s clothing stores, SIC 562 (1.9 percentage points)
and fam ily clothing stores, Sic 565 (1.2 percentage points). These
1 9 8 7 -9 2
1 9 9 2 -9 7
.3
.2
.5
.4
.8
.0
.0
.0
- .1
.6
.5
.8
.7
.7
.6
- .1
- .1
- .1
- .1
.2
.3
.0
.7
1.6
.3
.0
.7
1.6
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
1.2
.5
1.2
.5
.0
.0
.5
-.3
.7
.3
- 1.0
.7
.3
- 1.0
-.4
.0
.3
.2
.7
.3
.2
.8
.2
-
-
.2
.8
.2
.8
.7
.6
.0
.2
-.1
—
.8
.7
-
.2
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
-.2
-.1
.0
.0
-.3
same two industries had revisions o f 1.6 and 1.2 percentage points
per year, respectively, for the 1 9 8 2 -8 7 and 198 7 -9 2 periods.
The relatively large revisions to productivity for these industries
reflect a large downward adjustment to the cpi-u -rs detailed apparel
indexes because the geom etric mean formula assum es a m odest
amount o f consumer substitution. Gasoline service stations (SIC 554)
and fuel dealers (sic 598) had no adjustments to labor productivity
due to the incorporation o f the CPI-U-RS. Both o f these industries
were dominated by merchandise lines w hose deflators were not af
fected by the research series revisions. For 27 o f the 28 published
industries, revisions to productivity growth were much smaller in
the 199 2 -9 7 period because, beginning with 1992 data, the deflators
for published industries already included revisions for the geometric
mean calculating procedures.
Notes
1 For a more detailed description o f these procedures, see Ken
Kunze, Mary Jablonski, and Virginia Klarquist, “bls modernizes indus
try labor productivity program,” Monthly Labor Review, July 1995, pp.
3 -1 2 .
3 For more on how and why this newly constructed index was calcu
lated, see Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “Consumer Price
Index research series using current methods, 1978-98,” Monthly Labor
Review, June 1999, pp. 29-38.
2 For more on the Consumer Price Index and its methodology, see
“The Consumer Price Index,” bls Handbook o f Methods, Bulletin 2490
(Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 1997), ch. 17, pp. 167-230; for more
on deflated value and benchmark indexes, see “Industry Productivity
Measures,” bls Handbook o f Methods (1997), ch. 11, pp. 103-09.
4 In reworking industry deflators and substituting price indexes from
the cpi-u-rs, the match o f cpi’s to the merchandise-line sales used to
deflate these sales were reviewed. In some cases, a different price series
was matched to the merchandise line sales. For most industries, the
revisions due to these substitutions were small. In furniture and
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
13
Productivity in Retail Trade
homefurnishings stores, however, nearly all o f the modifications to the
measures in the 1992-97 period were the result o f changes in the price
series used with the merchandise-line sales.
Measures were developed for all four-digit, three-digit, and twodigit sic retail industries. All industry measures that meet bls publica
tion standards are available on the Division o f Industry Productivity
website, on the Internet at http://w w w .bls.gov/lpc or by request.
Those three-digit and four-digit sic retail industries that do not meet
standards are available by request. All data requests should be di
rected to dipsweb@bls.gov (e-mail), or call 202-691-5618.
bls
5 See Stewart and Reed, “Consumer Price Index research series,”
p. 36.
6
See Kenneth V. Dalton, John S. Greenlees, and Kenneth J. Stewart,
“Incorporating a geometric mean formula in the cpi,” Monthly Labor
Review, October 1998, pp. 3-7.
Fax-on-demand available
Users o f data from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics can request a fax of news releases,
historical data, and technical information 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, from the
Bureau’s fax-on-demand system.
Users can receive news releases o f major economic indicators (see schedule on back
cover) at 8:45 a.m. on the morning the data are released. The number to obtain data from
the national office is:
(202) 691-6325
Use a touch-tone telephone and follow the voice instructions for entering document
codes and your fax telephone number. The fax-on-demand catalog, containing a list of
available documents and codes, can be obtained by entering code 1000. You may
request up to four documents with each call. Faxes are sent immediately following the
request. If your fax line is busy, the system attempts to send the requested material
four times before disconnecting.
14 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Implementing naics at Bis
Implementing the North American
Industry Classification System at BLS
This new classification system
is a more viable way o f classifying industries
and tracking new businesses and changes
in economic activity; however, the transition period
may be challenging to both data collectors and data users
James A. Walker
and
John B. Murphy
James A. Walker is
an economist in
the Office of
Employment and
Unemployment
Statistics, Bureau of
Labor Statistics,
e-mail:
Walker_J@bls.gov
John B. Murphy is
Assistant Division
Chief for Classifi
cation Activities,
Bureau of the
Census, and chair
of the Economic
Classification
Policy Committee,
e-mail:
John.Bums. Murphy®
census.gov
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ecent years have brought many changes (OMB) announced adoption of NAICS in 1997,3 and in
in the U.S. economy. The rapid develop 2001, announced a revised n a i c s for 2002.4 This ar
ment o f telecommunications and the ticle discusses the changes to n a i c s as reflected in
Internet are only two examples of an incredible the NAICS 2002 manual. It also profiles NAICS— dis
continuing evolution and progressively chang cussing its structure, issues confronting data users
ing business environment. Correspondingly, and collectors, and the implementation schedule for
economists and statisticians are improving their programs at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A com
tools for measuring the economy. One basic tool panion article on pages 22-31 provides a first look at
is the classification of businesses by industry. employment and wage data based on n a i c s .5
Since the 1930s, government statistical programs
have published industry data based on the Stan
The naics a d v a n ta g e
dard Industrial Classification (sic) system. Now,
these government programs will provide industry NAICS has many advantages over the SIC system.
statistics based on the North American Industry First, it includes new and emerging industries that
Classification System (NAICS).1
did not exist when the SIC was developed. These
The SIC system, originally designed in the new industries are reflective of the Internet and com
1930s, has been revised and updated periodically munications age and the businesses that support
to reflect changes in the U.S. economy. The last them, as well as the changing ways in how we work,
revision was in 1987 when a number of new indus shop, and play. New industries such as semicon
tries such as computer and software stores, video ductor and related device manufacturing, cellular
tape rental stores, and plastic bottle manufactur and other wireless telecommunications, satellite
ers were added.2However, the SIC system still fo telecommunications, and Internet publishing and
cuses on the m anufacturing sector o f the broadcasting are important for understanding the
economy, and provides insufficient detail for the effects of these industries on the future direction of
now dominant service sector. Newly developed our economy. Also, telemarketing bureaus and tem
industries in information services, health care de porary help supply services reflect the changing way
livery, and even high-tech manufacturing cannot of organizing work. The effect of the aging popula
be adequately studied under the sic system be tion on the economy is shown in the new industry
cause they are not separately identified at the in continuing care retirement communities. NAICS
dustry level. Thus, a new system has been devel separates convenience stores and warehouse clubs
oped that captures the dynamism of the 21st cen into distinct industries, reflecting shifts in retailing
tury economy and changes as industry activity strategies and the shopping habits of consumers.
develops. The Office of Management and Budget The addition o f industries such as casinos, casino
R
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
15
Implementing
naics
at
bls
hotels, and bed and breakfast inns mirrors changes in how
we spend leisure time and disposable income. Together,
these and other new industries will track developments in the
ever-changing economy.
Second, n a i c s uses a unified concept to define industries.
The former SIC system used a mixture of ways to categorize
economic activity—some categories were based on demand
groupings (that is, activities that were similar in the eyes of
customers or users of the product or service); others were
based more on supply groupings. Under NAICS, industries are
classified on the basis of their production or supply func
tion— establishments using similar raw material inputs, capi
tal equipment, and labor are classified in the same industry.
This approach creates more homogeneous categories that are
better suited for economic analysis.
Third, NAICS is used by the United States, as well as by
Canada and Mexico, thus giving a consistent tool for measur
ing and comparing the economies of these three partners in
the North American Free Trade Agreement ( n a f t a ). Conse
quently, bridge tables or crosswalks no longer are needed to
compare sectors across national boundaries.
Structure of naics
While NAICS uses a hierarchical structure much like that of the
existing SIC, there are a number of important differences. For
example, NAICS uses a six-digit classification code that allows
greater flexibility in the coding structure; the SIC is limited to
only four digits. Another important difference is that NAICS
uses the first two digits of the six-digit code to designate the
highest level of aggregation, with 20 such two-digit industry
sectors. By contrast, the SIC has only 11 divisions, desig
nated by letters of the alphabet. NAICS has no sector for un
classified establishments; SIC has one division that includes
nonclassifiable establishments. The following is a compari
son of terminology between the two systems (see exhibit 1 for
a full list of n a i c s sectors and SIC divisions):
NAICS
SIC
Sector (two-digit)
D ivision (letter)
Subsector (three-digit)
Industry group (four-digit)
Major group (two-digit)
Industry group (three-digit)
NAICS international industry
(five-digit)
Industry (four-digit)
National industry (six-digit)
The first two digits in NAICS identify the sector. Three NAICS
sectors include more than one 2-digit identifiers. Manufac
turing includes codes 31-33, Retail trade comprises 44^45,
and Transportation and warehousing encompasses 48—49.
The third digit of a NAICS code represents the subsector.
Using the information sector (sector 51) as an example, there
are seven separate subsectors:
51
511
512
515
516
517
518
519
Information
Publishing industries (except Internet);
Motion picture and sound recording industries;
Broadcasting (except Internet);
Internet publishing and broadcasting;
Telecommunications;
Internet service providers, web search portals and
data processing;
Other information services.
Exhibit 11 Comparison of the structure n aics and sic
NAICS
sector
11
21
22
23
3 1 -3 3
42
4 4 -4 5
4 8 -4 9
51
52
53
54
55
56
61
62
71
72
81
92
naics titles
SIC
division
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
Mining
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional and technical services
Management o f companies and enterprises
Administrative and waste services
Educational services
Healthcare and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Accommodation and food services
Other services, except public administration
Public administration
16 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
sic titles
A
B
C
D
E
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary
services
F
G
H
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
I
J
K
Services
Public administration
Nonclassifiable establishments
national industry structure for the
information sector
N A ics
Code
Industry
511110
511120
511130
511140
511191
511199
Newspaper publishers
Periodical publishers
Book publishers
Directory and mailing list publishers
Greeting card publishers
All other publishers
511210
512110
512120
512131
512132
512191
Software publishers
Motion picture and video production
Motion picture and video distribution
Motion picture theaters, except drive-ins
Drive-in motion picture theaters
Teleproduction and postproduction services
512199
512210
512220
512230
512240
512290
Other motion picture and video industries
Record production
Integrated record production and distribution
Music publishers
Sound recording studios
Other sound recording industries
515111
515112
515120
515210
516110
517110
Radio networks
Radio stations
Television broadcasting
Cable and other subscription programming
Internet publishing and broadcasting
Wired telecommunications carriers
517211
517212
517310
517410
517510
517910
Paging
Cellular and other wireless carriers
Telecommunications resellers
Satellite telecommunications
Cable and other program distribution
Other telecommunications
518111
518112
518210
519110
519120
519190
Internet service providers
Web search portals
Data processing and related services
News syndicates
Libraries and archives
All other information services
Thefourth digit of the NAICS code represents the industry group
level. Under the publishing industries (except Internet)
subsector, for example, there are two industry groups:
5111
5112
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers;
Software publishers.
The fifth digit in the NAICS code represents the interna
tional industry level. Continuing with the same example, there
are 30 international-level industries in the information sector.
In most cases, there will be comparability between the classi
fications of the United States, Canada, and Mexico at the five
digit level.
The sixth digit designates national detail. This allows the
flexibility to create more indepth statistics for the industries
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
that hold particular importance in each country. Most six-digit
industries end in a zero, thus signifying that there is no addi
tional detail below the five digits. However, some six-digit
industries end in a number other than zero, meaning that the
fifth digit was split into two or more U.S. industries. For ex
ample, in the United States, the five-digit international indus
try 51811 Internet service providers and web search portals
has been split into two six-digit industries: 518111 Internet
service providers and 518112 web search portals. Data now
are available for these Internet businesses separately under
NAICS; this was not possible under the SIC. Thus, of the 30
international industries within the information sector, 12 have
splits below the five-digit level. As a result, the U.S. NAICS
manual contains a total of 36 six-digit national industries in
the information sector. (Exhibit 2 shows the NAICS six-digit
national industry structure for the information sector.)
When the national detail is the same in more than one
country, the same six-digit code is used in each country’s
national version of NAICS. The six-digit system allows for
greater data comparability among the three NAFTA partners
than does a four- or five-digit system. There had been signifi
cant differences in the former classification systems used by
the NAFTA partners; NAICS creates a standard system to be
used by each trading partner.
Other key differences. Data users should be aware of a few
key differences between the SIC and NAICS. There is no rela
tionship between the numeric industry codes used in the SIC
and those used in NAICS. (See exhibit 3.) Each system is
separate and distinct. For instance, the auxiliary establish
ments are treated differently between the two systems. Aux
iliaries are establishments primarily engaged in performing
management or support services for other establishments of
the same enterprise. These support services are not intended
for outside use. The SIC deals with auxiliary establishments
by assigning them the industry code of the parent company
that the establishment supports.6 For instance, a headquar
ters for an automobile manufacturing company would be
coded as SIC 3711 motor vehicles and passenger car bodies,
even though employees in that office undertake planning
and decisionmaking roles in the company. As a result, the
employment and wages of the headquarters are included in
the statistics gathered on that parent company. The idea
under SIC is that auxiliaries such as a headquarters generally
draw resources from a parent company and thus should be
included in the costs of doing business. In other words, all
inputs in the business should be counted together in the
same industry.
In contrast, NAICS classifies establishments based on what
they actually do. Therefore, businesses, organizations, and in
stitutions are given the industry code of their main activity with
out regard to the parent company. As a result, the automobile
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
17
Implementing
n a ics
E x h ib it 3.
Comparison of the information industry under n aics and sic
NAICS
at
bls
N A IC S ind ustry
sic c o d e
S IC ind ustry
code
51
511
Information
Publishing industries, except Internet
No comparable grouping
No comparable grouping
5111
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers
No comparable grouping
51111
511110
51112
511120
Newspaper publishers
Newspaper publishers
Periodical publishers
Periodical publishers
51113
511130
Book publishers
Book publishers
51114
511140
Directory and mailing list publishers
Directory and mailing list publishers
51119
511191
511199
5112
51121
511210
Other publishers
Greeting card publishers
All other publishers
Software publishers
Software publishers
Software publishers
2711
Newspapers: publishing, or publishing and printing (part)
2721
2741
Periodicals: publishing or publishing and printing (part)
Miscellaneous publishing (part)
2731
2741
Books: publishing, or publishing and printing (part)
Miscellaneous publishing (part)
2741
7331
Miscellaneous publishing (part)
Direct mail advertising services (part)
2771
2741
Greeting cards (part)
Miscellaneous publishing (part)
7372
Prepackaged software (part)
headquarters mentioned in the previous example would be as
signed NAICS 551114 corporate, subsidiary, and regional man
aging offices. Headquarters (except Government establish
ments) are included in this NAICS industry. This is consistent
with the principles of NAICS that establishments should be
grouped together based on their production processes.7
There will be a reduction in employment reported for in
dustries in which headquarters are reported as separate es
tablishments. As a result, employment and wage data for
manufacturing industries may be lower under NAICS than un
der the SIC because of this shift out of manufacturing into
NAICS 551114. This treatment also poses a challenge for data
collectors because they must be sure to separately identify
locations that are strictly headquarters from other locations
that conduct business as well as manage the operation at the
same location.
Another difference between the SIC and NAICS is in the
number of industries. The SIC system has 1,004 detailed in
dustries (excluding the one for nonclassifiable establish
ments); NAICS has 1,179. In some instances a SIC was broken
into different NAICS industries creating more industry level
detail. Likewise, some SIC codes were combined into one
NAICS code, thus collapsing previous differentiation. As a
result, the introduction of six-digit NAICS codes does not nec
essarily mean that there is a corresponding increase in the
level of detail in the entire national structure.
18 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
The Bureau of Labor Statistics will provide further indus
try detail in NAICS by adding 19 industries in subsector 238
specialty trade contractors. These additional industries will
provide data about residential and nonresidential contractors.
Some of the new industries will include residential and non
residential roofing contractors, and residential and nonresi
dential electrical contractors.
O n g o in g revisions
Just as the SIC system was revised periodically, NAICS also
will require revisions to reflect the dynamic changes occur
ring in the economy. In fact, NAICS has already experienced
changes. The original version is referred to as n a i c s 1997.
However, since that manual was published, the three NAFTA
countries have extended agreement in the construction sec
tor to five digits in all areas, except 238 specialty trade con
tractors. This subsector is now comparable with Canada
and Mexico at the four-digit level. In NAICS 1997, construc
tion had only been comparable at the two-digit sector level.
The NAICS 2002 manual also recognizes important changes in
the information sector. New industries have been added for
Internet publishing and broadcasting, in addition to Internet
service providers, and web search portals mentioned earlier.
For NAICS 2002, the three NAFTA countries were unable to
come to agreement below the two-digit sector in wholesale
trade, but the United States has included two new industries
in its classification system to reflect the importance of whole
sale trade activities on the U.S. economy. One industry added
is business to business electronic markets, the other is
wholesale trade agents and brokers. Some industries in
retail trade have been further broken out in the NAICS 2002
manual. The NAICS 1997 manual grouped department stores
together, regardless if they were department stores or dis
count department stores. NAICS 2002 now makes this dis
tinction as well as separating establishments that had been
classified as electronic shopping and mail order houses.
This industry now is classified as three distinct industries:
electronic shopping, electronic auctions, and mail-order
houses. The other NAICS sectors were untouched.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics will convert its programs
directly from SIC to NAICS 2002. Bypassing NAICS 1997 will
reduce the confusion to data users of multiple series breaks
over a very short period.
As was the SIC system, NAICS will be reviewed periodically,
and OMB will determine whether a significant revision is
needed. Future revisions may focus on reaching comparabil
ity in areas of the classification system that are not agreed
upon at the five-digit level. Regardless, small modifications
and interpretations will be studied and implemented on a con
tinuous basis.
Im p le m e n ta tio n a t BLS
requires a significant effort to implement. Large uni
verse programs such as the BLS Covered Employment and
Wages (ES-202) program assigned new industry codes to the
approximately 8 million business establishments in the United
States.8 NAICS codes were assigned over a 4-year period be
ginning in 1998. That work is now finished, and the data can
be examined.9
Sample-based programs cannot convert to NAICS until the
universe frames on which they are based have been revised.
Programs that use data from the universe and from sample pro
grams will be the last to implement NAICS. The Producer Price
Index (PPI), for example, uses BLS universe data for its sampling
frame, data from the Economic Census for its structure weights,
and other data produced by the Department of Commerce for its
net output calculations. As a result, the conversion of the PPI to
NAICS cannot be fully implemented until these programs have
each converted to the new classification system. (The timetable
for BLS conversion to NAICS is shown in exhibit 4.)
Some BLS programs will use a higher level of aggregation
in the publication of NAICS data. This alternative aggregation
structure allows for easier presentation of data in news re
leases and reduces the need to suppress information because
of confidentiality rules. The alternative aggregation contains
two groupings with 12 ‘supersectors, ’ instead of the 20 NAICS
NAICS
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
sectors. The first grouping in the aggregation is goods pro
ducing. It contains three supersectors: natural resources and
mining, construction, and manufacturing. The second group
ing is service providing. It includes the remaining nine
supersectors: trade, transportation, and utilities; informa
tion; financial activities; professional and business services;
education and health services; leisure and hospitality; other
services; public administration; and unclassified.
This NAICS alternative aggregation structure has been re
viewed by the Office of Management and Budget and is rec
ognized by the Economic Classification Policy Committee.
Programs at the Bureau of Labor Statistics will use it when
ever publication of the full 20 NAICS sectors is impossible.
Issues fa c in g d a ta users
Although the implementation of NAICS will undoubtedly ben
efit most data users, the transition period is likely to pose
some challenges. There will be breaks in many time series that
are based on the SIC system. The availability of time series
data is essential for trend analysis, economic forecasting, and
seasonal adjustment. In many cases, however, the NAICS
changes are so significant that reconstructing historical data
based on the new system will be difficult. For example, the old
SIC system had no category for “telecom m unications
resellers” and, hence, very little data were available for this
industry. Similarly, at the higher levels of aggregation— such
as the manufacturing or services divisions—many economic
activities formerly classified in one division are now classified
in another.
Another issue for data users involves the transition pe
riod, when some data will be based on the SIC and other data
will be based on NAICS. (As previously noted, most govern
ment and other statistical organizations will implement NAICS
over several years.) The resulting lack of comparability will
challenge economic analysts. Also, agencies may implement
different versions of NAICS. BLS, as stated above, is moving
directly from SIC to NAICS 2002 over a 4-year period. The
Bureau of Census conducted the 1997 Economic Census us
ing NAICS 1997 and will use NAICS 2002 in the 2002 Economic
Census. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) combines
data from several sources to create other series such as the
national accounts and gross domestic product. BEA, like many
other users, will have to understand each of the NAICS ver
sions to fully and accurately reflect the differences among
SIC, NAICS 1997, and NAICS 2002. Further updates to NAICS
will be studied periodically and new industries may be added
in order to measure emerging industries.
R econstructing historical d a ta
During the transition, it may be difficult for some data users
to appreciate the potential benefits of NAICS. BLS recognizes
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
19
Implementing
E x h ib it 4 .
na ics
at
bls
Timetable for implementing n aics at the Bureau of Labor Statistics
O ffic e o r p ro g r a m
C o n v e r s io n
r e f e r e n c e p e r io d
P u b lic a tio n d a t e
O ffic e o f E m p lo y m e n t a n d U n e m p lo y m e n t Statistics:
Current Employment Statistics.............................
Mass Layoff Statistics........................................
Current Population Survey................................................
Occupational Employment Statistics.........................
Covered Employment and W ages........................
Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey1
May 2003
January 2002
January 2003
2002, fourth quarter
2001
To be announced
June 2003
March 2002
February 2003
January 2004
Fall 2002
To be announced
2 0 0 4 -1 4
November 2005
2001
2003
2003, fourth quarter
Late 2004
National Compensation Survey—
Employment Cost Index.....................................................
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation.............................
Locality wage le v e ls...............................................
National and census division publications.................................
Integrated benefit provision product........................................
March 2005
March 2005
Spring 2005
2004
2004
April 2005
June 2005
Spring 2005
Spring 2005
Spring 2005
Occupational Safety and Health Statistics—
Survey o f Occupational Injuries and illnesr—
Census o f Fatal Occupational Injuries...................................
2003
2003
December 2004
August 2004
January 2004
February 2004
O ffic e o f E m p lo y m e n t Projections:
O ffic e o f P ro d u c tiv ity a n d T e c h n o lo g y :
Productivity measures for selected industries....................
Foreign Labor Statistics.............................................
O ffic e o f C o m p e n s a tio n a n d W o rk in g C o n d itio n s
O ffic e o f Prices a n d Living C o n d itio n s:
Producer Price Indexes..................................
1 Job O penings and Labor Turnover Survey ( jolts ) is currently under devel
opment. First release o f information, in early 2002, will be sic based.
the needs of the users for historical data to construct time
series, and is investigating approaches for doing so in some
programs.
In the Covered Employment and Wage program (commonly
known as ES-202), it may be possible to reconstruct up to 10
years of NAlCS-based data. At a minimum, BLS plans to create
a set of SIC/NAICS employment ratio tables that can also be
used to reconstruct macro level employment time series.
These percentage relationships would be applied to existing
employment series to derive a possible replacement series.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program that pro
vides monthly payroll employment will reconstruct time se
ries for NAlCS-based employment data for the Nation, States,
and areas. The national CES series for total nonfarm employ
ment, as well as NAICS supersectors, will be available back to
1939. Start dates for finer levels of industry detail will be vari
able, dependent on the current start date of the series and the
extent of the SiC-to-NAlCS series breaks. State and area data
will be available for total nonfarm employment also back to
1939. However, supersector employment data will only be
published back to January 1990, as will employment data for
finer levels of detail.
CES data se r ie s on h ou rs, e arn in gs, p r o d u ctio n w ork ers,
and w o m e n w o r k e rs w ill b e rec o n str u c te d b a c k to th eir cur
20 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
NOTE: This timetable is current as o f December 2001, but is subject to
change.
rent start dates for the national CES total private and
supersector series. No historical reconstruction will be done
for these data types for State and area data series.
One of the challenges of developing historical data is en
suring that relatively new industries do not appear before
they actually started. (For instance, electronic shopping on
the Internet was not possible until recently.) As data series
are developed, they will be reviewed for obvious historical
inaccuracies.
Productivity data.
The complexity of converting to NAICS
is shown in another BLS program. For the industry productiv
ity program, the current plans are to publish in late fall o f2003
time series (indexes) of output per hour for industries, con
verted to a NAICS basis. The timing of this conversion is guided
by the availability of historical employment and hours on a
NAICS basis and on the conversion o f historical output series
to a NAICS basis. Industry unit labor cost and multifactor
productivity series will be converted to a NAICS basis at a later
date. For all presently developed industry productivity se
ries, conversion to a NAICS basis will begin with 1992 or earlier
data. Eventually all series will be converted beginning with
1987 data, or the initial year of the series if that year is later
than 1987.
Labor productivity is the ratio of the amount of goods and
services (output) to total hours of labor worked. The conver
sion of industry productivity series to a NAICS basis involves
converting both the output and hours series. The output
measures for many industry series will be converted using
data at or below the four-digit SIC level (six-digit n a i c s level).
The hours worked and compensation series will be converted
at the four-digit SIC to six-digit NAICS level using the histori
cally revised data being developed by the Current Employ
ment Statistics program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Manufacturing output measures are developed, most of
ten, from five-digit SIC (seven-digit n a i c s ) product class data.
The product class data are aggregated according to a
Tomqvist index formula to an industry output index. More
than half of the product classes are direct matches between
SIC and NAICS. For product classes that are not direct
matches, an algorithm has been developed to estimate the
SIC product class data from NAICS product class data and
vice versa.
Retail trade output series are developed from revenue data
classified by merchandise line sales for each industry. The de
flated merchandise line sales for each industry are aggregated
according to a Tomqvist index formula to compute the industry
output index. For those retail industries that are not exact
matches, conversion of the output series from a SIC to NAICS
basis will be accomplished by adjusting the amount of revenue
of merchandise line sales per industry and aggregating.
The output series for utilities, communications, transpor
tation, and service industries that are not exact matches be
tween SIC and NAICS will be adjusted at the greatest amount
of detail possible. Specific methods have not been devel
oped for each of the industries. With the exception of some
adjustments for copper mining and nonmetallic minerals,
there is a direct match between the SIC system and the n a i c s
system for all mining industries for which the Bureau has
productivity measures. These industries will be assigned
the n a i c s code.
presents a tradeoff between a new and
improved classification system, which will help provide data
for many new industries that formerly were not classified
separately, and the inevitable time series breaks that occur
whenever major revisions to classification systems or statis
tical programs are implemented. The economy of the United
States has changed significantly since data were first pub
lished using the SIC system. Even though the SIC has been
revised and updated periodically, its focus on manufacturing
does not provide sufficient detail for the dominant service
sector. Thus, the United States, along with Canada and
Mexico, developed NAICS, which captures these new and
emerging industries, uses a unified concept to define indus
tries, and is a consistent and comparable tool for measuring
the economies of the three NAFTA trading partners. Convert
ing to NAICS may be difficult—the conversion will not be
simple for agencies or data users. However, BLS and other
agencies will facilitate this move wherever possible. In the
long term, NAICS will prove to be a viable and more accurate
way of classifying and measuring economic activity.
□
THE NAICS REVISION
Notes
1 See North American Industry Classification System—United States,
1997 (Executive Office o f the President, Office o f Management and
Budget).
2 See Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1987 (Executive
Office o f the President, Office o f Management and Budget).
ordered from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, va 22161
5 See David R. H. Hiles, “A first look at employment and wages
using naics,” this issue, pages 22-31.
6 See Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1987.
3 See Administration introduces new industry classification system
(Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget,
April 8, 1997). For a Bureau o f Labor Statistics perspective on naics,
see John B. Murphy, “Introducing the North American Industry Classi
fication System,” Monthly Labor Review, July 1998, pp. 43^17.
4 See North American Industry Classification System—Revision fo r
2002 (Executive Office o f the President, Office o f Management and
Budget). The new manual will be released by spring 2002 and may be
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7 See North American Industry Classification System—United States,
1997, p. 11.
8 For more information on the Covered Employment and Wages
program, see bls Handbook o f Methods, Bulletin 2490 (Bureau of La
bor Statistics, April 1997), pp. 42-47.
9 Hiles, “A first look at employment and wages.”
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
21
naics Employment
and Wages
A first look at employment
and wages using n a i c s
With the release o f the North American
Industry Classification System data,
a new view is introduced, one which better
reveals the inner workings o f the U.S. economy
David R. H. Hiles
n the fall o f2002, the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics will release industry employment, wages,
and establishment count data for 2001 based
on the North American Industry Classification
System ( n a i c s ) structure. This article presents
the first glimpse of the data. By previewing these
data, users can begin to acquaint themselves
with the new structure. The data presented in
this article are based on preliminary private sec
tor U.S. totals for the first quarter o f 2001. This,
the first b l s data based on n a ic s , comes from the
Covered Employment and Wages or cew/ es-202
program.1
I
cew b a c k g ro u n d
David R. H. Hiles is
Chief of Current Data
Analysis for the
Covered Employment
and Wages Program,
Office of Employment
and Unemployment
Statistics, Bureau of
Labor Statistics,
E-mail:
hiles_d@bls.gov
Every business and government establishment
in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
Virgin Islands, with employees covered by un
employment insurance programs, files quarterly
unemployment tax reports, c e w data are derived
from these reports. In the first quarter of 2001,
these reports accounted for more than $ 1.2 tril
lion in wages, of which more than $ 1 trillion was
paid to private sector employees. Data are pro
duced on monthly employment, quarterly wages,
and quarterly counts of establishments. State Em
ployment Security Agencies ( s e s a s ) and bls work
cooperatively to conduct the c e w program.2
22 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Throughout the past several years, the s e s a s
have spent many hours converting approxi
mately 8 million c e w reports to n a ic s . Their hard
work is in evidence, as the conversion process is
nearly complete, with more thap 97 percent of
the reports now converted. These cover greater
than 99 percent of private sector employment,
with most of the remainder consisting of new
reports with fewer than five employees, which
have not been in the system long enough to be
assigned detailed industry codes.
Users interested in more information
about n a ic s can access the n a ic s page on
the b l s website at http://www.bls.gov/bls/
naics.htm or the Bureau o f the Census
website at http://www.census.gov/epcd/
www/naics.html. In 2002, b l s will provide
ratio tables that can be used to convert his
toric sic series to a n a ic s basis at http://
www.bIs.gov/cewhome.htm, In 2002, the
n a ic s 2002 Manual will be available from
the National Technical Information Service
( n t is ) and the Government Printing Office
( g p o ). In the meantime, the n a ic s 1997
Manual is available from gpo to supple
m ent the inform ation on the Census
website referenced above.
n a ic s and sic differ in their design structures; therefore,
data for 2001 will not be comparable to the sic-based data for
earlier years. The data presented below illustrate a few ex
amples of the differences between n a ic s and sic structures.
n a ic s uses a production-oriented approach to categorize
economic units. Units with similar production processes are
classified in the same industry. Thus, n a ic s focuses on how
products and services are created, as opposed to the sic
focus on what is produced. This approach yields signifi
cantly different industry groupings than those produced by
the sic approach. The n a ic s development process was not
an update of the SIC system; rather, from a fresh starting
point, its developers could establish new categories reflect
ing the structure of the modem economy. Data users will be
able to work with new n a ic s industrial groupings, which bet
ter reflect the workings of the U.S. economy, and will be able
to track specific industries and analyze the effects of changes
in industrial production processes.
The timing o f CEW data release is determined by each
State’s data collection flows and by the completion of b l s
review and correction activities. The CEW data flow begins
when employers file quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports. At the end of each calendar quarter, every employer
submits these reports to the s e s a s , which edit and correct
the quarterly data and submit it to BLS, where it undergoes
final review. Each fall, b l s releases c e w monthly, quarterly,
and annual data for the preceding year. Most States release
CEW data on their own behalf.
Although other sources of industry employment data do
exist at the national and State levels, c e w provides detailed
data at the county and metropolitan area level, c e w also of
fers much more detailed information at the State level than is
available from more timely, sample-based programs such as
the Current Population Survey or the Current Employment
Statistics program.
naics basics
N e w to p -le v e l a g g re g a te s
Since 1988, the detailed c e w information has been broken
into detailed industries according to the system set forth in
the 1987 version of the Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual. Data prior to 1988 were tabulated according to
the 1972 version of the sic Manual. Beginning with the re
lease of data for 2001, c e w publication will switch to the 2002
version of naics as the basis for the assignment and tabula
tion of economic data by industry, n a ic s is the product of a
cooperative effort on the part of the statistical agencies of
the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Table 1.
In addition to the new groups, or sectors, created by the
Manual, b l s and its n a ic s partner agencies have fur
ther assembled n a ic s sectors, extending the sector structure
upwards. These extensions aggregate the individual n a ic s
sectors into supersectors, and above this supersector level
are two more aggregations, the commonly used domains
known as goods-producing and service-providing. (See
table 1 and chart 1.)
Supersectors are similar in concept to the sic divisions
n a ic s
naics d a t a : e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d istrib u tio n b y bls s u p e rs e c to r a n d d o m a in , p r iv a te o w n e rs h ip ,
first q u a rte r (M a r c h ) 2001
Em ploym ent
Establishments
Industry
Total
P ercen t
Total
P ercen t
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
T o t a l.....................................................................
7 ,7 1 7 ,2 8 3
1 00 .0
1 0 9 ,0 9 7 ,8 6 9
1 00 .0
$ 72 0
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g .................................................
N a tu ra l re s o u rc e s a n d m in in g .....................
C o n s tr u c tio n .......................................................
M a n u fa c tu rin g ....................................................
1 ,2 9 6 ,5 9 9
128,211
7 6 8 ,1 9 4
4 0 0 ,1 9 4
1 6.8
1.7
10.0
5.2
2 4 ,8 4 5 ,9 8 6
1 ,5 6 3 ,9 7 9
6 ,4 7 0 ,8 1 4
1 6 ,8 1 1 ,1 9 3
2 2 .8
1.4
5 .9
15.4
801
6 74
7 09
8 47
S e rv ic e -p ro v id in g .................................................
T ra d e , tra n s p o rta tio n a n d u t ilit ie s .............
In fo r m a tio n .........................................................
F in a n c ia l a c tiv it ie s ...........................................
P ro fe s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s .......
E d u c a tio n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ..................
L e is u re a n d h o s p ita lit y ..................................
O th e r s e r v ic e s .................................................
U n c la s s ifie d ........................................................
6 ,4 2 0 ,6 8 4
1 ,8 4 3 ,7 4 8
151 ,18 9
7 1 7 ,2 3 3
1 ,2 4 0 ,5 8 5
6 8 0 ,3 5 8
6 2 8 ,7 8 5
955,181
2 0 3 ,6 0 5
8 3 .2
2 3 .9
2 .0
9 .3
16.1
8 .8
8.1
12.4
2 .6
8 4 ,2 5 1 ,8 8 3
2 5 ,5 3 5 ,4 7 4
3 ,6 9 3 ,3 4 3
7 ,6 2 1 ,4 5 2
1 6 ,4 9 4 ,9 1 4
7 7 .2
2 3 .4
3 .4
7 .0
15.1
13.5
10.6
3 .8
.4
6 97
6 14
1,1 7 3
1,3 4 8
8 52
5 94
2 94
4 39
741
Note:
1 4 ,7 0 7 ,8 7 6
1 1 ,5 8 3 ,9 5 0
4 ,1 7 6 ,7 6 7
4 3 8 ,1 0 7
D a ta a re p re lim in a ry .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
23
naics
Employment and wages
seen in table 2. Domains and supersectors can also be used
when sufficient data do not exist to publish at the sector
level. Several of the supersectors such as construction, manu
facturing, financial services, public administration, and
unclassified are similar to sic industry divisions. But others
are wholly new and provide fresh territory for analysis. Many
of these new groups consist of splinters of the old sic Ser
vices division.
Within the goods-producing domain, natural resources
and mining is the only new supersector, and it is the smallest
supersector in the economy as measured by employment. It
brings together extractive industries, those that derive
their value by extracting resources from the environment. By
joining two industries— agriculture and mining— it brings
together some of the lowest and highest paying industries.
The service-providing domain is far larger than goodsproducing in the U.S. economy, as is also the case with other
developed countries. Trade, transportation, and utilities is
by far the largest supersector, with more than 23 percent of
private industry employment. It combines sectors that move
goods and services from the manufacturer to the customer.
24 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Information, discussed in greater detail below, is one o f the
six sectors that is also a supersector. At the supersector level,
Information’s average weekly wage of $1,173 is surpassed
only by the $ 1,348 earned infinancial services. Information s
high wages come from its concentration of employment in
new Internet-related industries added to a large base of highly
paid employees in the more traditional telecommunications
and publishing industries. Professional and business ser
vices is similar to the old services sic division in that it is a
combination of several very different economic groups, with
each expected to exhibit different behaviors in the business
cycle. Education and health services brings together rela
tively low-paid but fast-growing industries. The industries in
this group are particularly sensitive to changes in govern
ment spending. Leisure and hospitality is a tourism-related
group that users have wanted for years. The number of work
ers in this group is large, and often seasonally volatile. With
this new category—the product o f two formerly separate
groups—the number of workers can be easily and quickly
ascertained for any location in the country. Other services
combines industries that could not be gathered in elsewhere.
I sic
ind ustry e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d istrib u tio n , p riv a te o w n e rs h ip , first q u a rte r ( M a r c h ) 2001
E m ploym ent
Establishments
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
Industry
Total
P ercen t
Total
P ercen t
T o ta l.................................................................................
7 ,7 1 7 ,5 5 9
100.0
1 0 9 ,0 9 2 ,5 8 7
100 .0
$720
A g ric u ltu re , fo re s try , a n d f is h in g ................................
M in in g .......................................................................................
C o n s tr u c tio n ..........................................................................
M a n u f a c t u r in g ......................................................................
T r a n s p o rta tio n a n d p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ..............................
W h o le s a le t r a d e ..................................................................
2 0 4 ,8 5 1
2 7 ,0 6 0
7 4 8 ,6 1 3
4 1 0 ,9 1 2
3 2 5 ,3 5 6
6 5 0 ,0 4 0
1 ,4 7 1,36 1
6 9 1 ,1 7 4
2 ,9 8 4 ,6 4 3
2 0 3 ,5 4 9
2 .7
.4
9 .7
5 .3
4 .2
8 .4
1 ,7 1 4 ,1 7 6
5 4 9 ,3 7 5
6 ,3 5 7 ,0 3 0
1 8 ,0 3 0 ,7 9 6
6 ,8 5 4 ,4 2 4
1.6
.5
5 .8
16.5
6 .3
6.2
2 1 .2
6 .9
3 4 .6
.4
392
1 ,2 5 5
703
8 87
892
932
362
1 ,4 3 0
658
7 39
R e ta il t r a d e ...........................................................................
F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , a n d re a l e s t a t e .......................
S e r v ic e s ...................................................................... ...........
U n c la s s if ie d ..........................................................................
While it is a small sector, when measured by share of employ
ees (3.8 percent), it is one of the largest when measured by
the number of establishments. Its 12.4 percent share of the
establishment count is due to the inclusion of private house
holds employment in this group.
N e w sectors
One o f the most interesting new industry sectors is called
Information. This group brings together industries that:
•
•
•
transform information into a commodity,
distribute the commodity, and
provide information services.
Information’s major components are publishing, motion
pictures and sound recording, broadcasting, telecommuni
cations, information services, and data processing. Under
the sic system, these units were spread across the manufac
turing, communications, business services, and amusement
services groups. Another new sector of interest is manage
ment o f companies and enterprises. This sector is comprised
of establishments engaged in managing the activities of other
corporate units.
The information sector brings together industries that
were credited for much of the extraordinary growth seen in
the U.S. economy during the late 1990s. With fewer than 4
million employees, it is a group of average size, less than a
fourth of the size o f the largest n a ic s sector, manufacturing.
(See table 3.) This sector includes most of the separately
categorized Internet-related industries. Many of these indus
tries did not exist when the last version of the SIC Manual
was released in 1987. Examples are Internet publishing and
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19.1
9 .0
3 8 .7
2 .6
6 ,7 8 1 ,0 0 7
2 3 ,0 8 2 ,8 1 6
7 ,5 2 1 ,0 5 1
3 7 ,7 6 8 ,4 8 8
4 3 3 ,4 2 4
b ro a d c a stin g (1.3 million employees) and ISPs, se a rch p o r
ta ls , a n d d a ta p r o c e s s in g (0.5 million employees).
Management o f companies and enterprises is a new, small
sector (1.8 million employees) that should be o f great ana
lytical interest. This sector is composed of corporate and
regional headquarters offices and holding companies. In a
hypothetical example, under the sic system, an establish
ment such as the headquarters of a multinational corporation
with many activities, but with primary interests concentrated
in the auto industry, was placed in the automobile manufac
turing industry. Under n a ic s , this location moves out of manu
facturing and into the management sector. For the first time,
analysts will be able to track what happens to headquarters
employment and wages throughout the business cycle.
Moreover, because c e w data is available for every State, us
ers will be able to see which States are gaining and losing
employment in this sector, as well as for other sectors of
interest.
O th e r n o ta b le sectors
Under n a ic s , the m in in g sector continues, with 25,542 em
ployees, as the smallest employment group, the same as un
der the sic structure. The u tilitie s sector has the smallest
number of establishments (15,895) while receiving the third
highest sectoral average weekly wage ($1,453). With more
than 16.8 million workers, m an u facturing is the largest sector
by employment. It has more subsectors than any other group.
Within the s e rv ic e -p ro v id in g domain, re ta il tra d e is no
table because of its size, both in terms of establishments and
employment. At 1,048,112, it has the largest number of estab
lishments. With 15,014,624 employees, it is second only to
m an u factu rin g in employment, and is expected to eventually
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
25
NAICS Employment and wages
Table 3.
naics ind ustry e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d istrib u tio n b y th r e e -d ig it c o d e , p riv a te o w n e rs h ip ,
first q u a rte r (M a r c h ) 2001
Establishments
NAICS
Em ploym ent
Industry
code
Total
T o ta l
P ercen t
Total
P ercen t
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
................................................................................
7 ,717,283
100.0
109,097,869
100.0
$720
11
111
112
113
114
115
A g ric u ltu re , fo re s try , fis h in g a n d h u n t in g ..........................
C ro p p r o d u c t io n .........................................................................
A n im a l p r o d u c t io n .....................................................................
A g r ic u ltu r e a n d fo r e s tr y s u p p o rt a c t i v it ie s ..................
102,669
47,688
20,648
14,011
3,060
17,262
100.0
46.4
20.1
13.6
3.0
16.8
1,040,942
486,619
196,362
74,550
10,632
272,779
100.0
46.7
18.9
7.2
1.0
26.2
380
358
428
519
619
336
21
211
212
213
M in in g .................................................................................................
O il a n d g a s e x t r a c t io n ............................................................
M in in g , e x c e p t o il a n d g a s ...................................................
S u p p o rt a c tiv itie s fo r m in in g ................................................
25,542
8,282
8,128
9,132
100.0
32.4
31.8
35.8
523,037
122,078
213,656
187,303
100.0
23.3
40.8
35.8
1,247
2,118
941
1,024
22
221
U t i li t i e s ...............................................................................................
U t i li t i e s ...........................................................................................
15,895
15,895
100.0
100.0
596,183
596,183
100.0
100.0
1,453
1,453
23
236
237
238
C o n s tr u c t io n ....................................................................................
C o n s tru c tio n o f b u ild in g s ......................................................
768,194
228,093
60,100
480,001
100.0
29.7
7.8
62.5
6,470,814
1,514,734
867,144
4 ,088,936
100.0
23.4
13.4
63.2
709
770
785
670
31-33
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
M a n u f a c t u r in g ................................................................................
F o o d m a n u f a c t u r in g .................................................................
B e v e ra g e a n d to b a c c o p ro d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g ..........
T e x tile m ills ...................................................................................
T e x tile p r o d u c t m i l l s .................................................................
A p p a re l m a n u f a c t u r in g ............................................................
L e a th e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g ....................
W o o d p ro d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g .............................................
P a p e r m a n u fa c tu r in g ...............................................................
P rin tin g a n d r e la te d s u p p o rt a c t i v it ie s ...........................
P e tro le u m a n d c o a l p ro d u c ts m a n u f a c t u r in g ..............
C h e m ic a l m a n u fa c tu r in g .........................................................
P la s tic s a n d ru b b e r p ro d u c ts m a n u f a c t u r in g ..............
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l p ro d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g .................
P rim a ry m e ta l m a n u f a c t u r in g ...............................................
F a b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g .......................
M a c h in e ry m a n u f a c t u r in g .....................................................
C o m p u te r a n d e le c tro n ic p ro d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g .......
E le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p lia n c e m fg .........................
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t m a n u f a c t u r in g ......................
F u rn itu re a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g ..............
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g .............................................
400,194
30,156
4,158
5,753
8,559
15,744
1,775
19,271
7,001
43,217
2,638
15,889
16,127
18,061
6,382
63,993
36,038
22,495
7,956
15,982
25,818
33,181
100.0
7.5
1.0
1.4
2.1
3.9
.4
4.8
1.7
10.8
.7
4.0
4.0
4.5
1.6
16.0
9.0
5.6
2.0
4.0
6.5
8.3
16,811,193
1,524,424
202,806
349,515
207,256
455,798
62,780
570,881
586,062
787,859
117,718
968,427
917,214
541,816
593,978
1,726,281
1,418,361
1,849,461
577,717
1,969,681
662,104
721,054
100.0
9.1
1.2
2.1
1.2
2.7
.4
3.4
3.5
4.7
.7
5.8
5.5
3.2
3.5
10.3
8.4
11.0
3.4
11.7
3.9
4.3
847
612
933
566
496
429
553
551
908
699
1,382
1,262
673
737
881
710
884
1,324
811
1,002
551
739
42
423
424
425
W h o le s a le t r a d e ............................................................................
M e rc h a n t w h o le s a le rs , d u ra b le g o o d s .............................
M e rc h a n t w h o le s a le rs , n o n d u ra b le g o o d s .....................
E le c tro n ic m a rk e ts a n d a g e n ts a n d b r o k e r s ................
570,171
272,629
145,021
152,521
100.0
47.8
25.4
26.8
5 ,770,941
3 ,157,396
2 ,011,629
601,916
100.0
54.7
34.9
10.4
956
985
857
1,133
44-45
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
451
452
453
454
R e ta il t r a d e .......................................................................................
M o to r v e h ic le a n d p a rts d e a l e r s .......................................
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e fu r n is h in g s s t o r e s ..........................
E le c tro n ic s a n d a p p lia n c e s t o r e s ......................................
B u ild in g m a te ria l a n d g a rd e n s u p p ly s t o r e s .................
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s t o r e s ...................................................
H e a lth a n d p e rs o n a l c a re s t o r e s .......................................
G a s o lin e s t a t io n s ......................................................................
C lo th in g a n d c lo th in g a c c e s s o rie s s t o r e s ....................
S p o rtin g g o o d s , h o b b y , b o o k a n d m u s ic s t o r e s ........
G e n e ra l m e rc h a n d is e s t o r e s ...............................................
M is c e lla n e o u s s to re r e t a il e r s .............................................
N o n s to re r e t a ile r s .....................................................................
1,048,112
118,077
58,979
57,719
78,577
138,856
76,835
108,316
130,647
66,594
41,739
138,680
33,093
100.0
11.3
5.6
5.5
7.5
13.2
7.3
10.3
12.5
6.4
4.0
13.2
3.2
15,014,624
1,834,796
541,036
566,900
1,116,438
2 ,927,712
943,577
914,840
1,291,072
666,464
2 ,745,125
983,228
483,436
100.0
12.2
3.6
3.8
7.4
19.5
6.3
6.1
8.6
4.4
18.3
6.5
3.2
428
657
513
718
510
350
470
295
338
313
334
379
624
F o re s try a n d lo g g in g ...............................................................
F is h in g , h u n tin g a n d t r a p p in g .............................................
H e a v y a n d c iv il e n g in e e rin g c o n s t r u c tio n .....................
S p e c ia lty tra d e c o n t r a c t o r s .................................................
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
26 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Table 3.
C o n tin u e d — naics ind ustry e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d istrib u tio n b y th r e e -d ig it c o d e ,
p r iv a te o w n e rs h ip , first q u a rte r (M a r c h ) 2001
E m ploym ent
Establishments
NAICS
Industry
code
Total
48-49
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
491
492
493
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d w a r e h o u s in g ............................................
A ir t r a n s p o r t a t io n ......................................................................
51
511
512
515
516
517
518
519
In fo r m a tio n .......................................................................................
P u b lis h in g in d u s trie s , e x c e p t I n t e r n e t ...........................
M o tio n p ic tu re a n d s o u n d re c o rd in g in d u s t r ie s ..........
B ro a d c a s tin g , e x c e p t In te r n e t............................................
In te rn e t p u b lis h in g a n d b r o a d c a s tin g ..............................
P ercen t
100.0
15.1
1
.7
54.4
8.3
1.3
1.4
17.8
.2
6.8
6.2
14.1
12.4
693
994
758
1,032
$639
378
2,824
430
697
603
586
620
T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s .................................................................
i s p s , s e a rc h p o rta ls , a n d d a ta p r o c e s s in g ..................
O th e r in fo rm a tio n s e r v ic e s ..................................................
151,189
36,642
28,484
10,300
3,824
41,212
27,374
3,353
100.0
24.2
18.8
6.8
2.5
27.3
18.1
2.2
3,693,343
1,036,535
381,095
346,074
49,854
1,320,128
514,022
45,635
100.0
28.1
10.3
9.4
1.3
35.7
13.9
1.2
1,173
1,180
964
1,081
1,465
1,184
1,357
730
52
521
522
523
524
525
F in a n c e a n d in s u r a n c e ...............................................................
M o n e ta ry a u th o r itie s - c e n tra l b a n k ................................
C re d it in te rm e d ia tio n a n d re la te d a c t iv it ie s ..................
S e c u ritie s , c o m m o d ity c o n tra c ts , in v e s t m e n t s .........
In s u ra n c e c a r r ie r s a n d r e la te d a c t iv it ie s ......................
F u n d s , tru s ts , a n d o th e r fin a n c ia l v e h ic le s .................
410,053
141
161,172
66,717
176,689
5,334
100.0
39.3
16.3
43.1
1.3
5,615,105
22,851
2 ,566,959
839,499
2 ,098,735
87,061
100.0
.4
45.7
15.0
37.4
1.6
1,598
994
1,022
4,644
1,086
1,624
53
531
532
533
R e a l e s ta te a n d re n ta l a n d le a s i n g ......................................
R e a l e s t a t e ...................................................................................
R e n ta l a n d le a s in g s e r v ic e s ................................................
L e s s o rs o f n o n fin a n c ia l in ta n g ib le a s s e t s ...................
307,180
241,687
62,259
3,234
100.0
78.7
20.3
1.1
2 ,006,347
1,311,382
666,105
28,860
100.0
65.4
33.2
1.4
646
678
553
1,384
54
541
P r o fe s s io n a l a n d te c h n ic a l s e r v ic e s ...................................
P r o fe s s io n a l a n d te c h n ic a l s e r v ic e s ...............................
816,374
816,374
100.0
100.0
7 ,008,652
7 ,008,652
100.0
100.0
1,104
1,104
55
551
M a n a g e m e n t o f c o m p a n ie s a n d e n t e r p r is e s ....................
M a n a g e m e n t o f c o m p a n ie s a n d e n t e r p r is e s ...............
37,665
37,665
100.0
100.0
1,768,835
1,768,835
100.0
100.0
1,532
1,532
56
561
562
A d m in is tr a tiv e a n d w a s te s e r v ic e s ......................................
A d m in is tr a tiv e a n d s u p p o rt s e r v ic e s ...............................
W a s te m a n a g e m e n t a n d r e m e d ia tio n s e r v ic e s ..........
386,546
366,865
19,681
100.0
94.9
5.1
7 ,717,427
7 ,408,508
308,919
100.0
96.0
4.0
464
452
763
61
611
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ..................................................................
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................
65,040
65,040
100.0
100.0
1,899,764
1,899,764
100.0
100.0
597
597
62
621
622
623
624
H e a lth c a re a n d s o c ia l a s s is t a n c e .......................................
A m b u la to ry h e a lth c a re s e r v ic e s ......................................
H o s p it a ls .......................................................................................
N u rs in g a n d re s id e n tia l c a re f a c ilit ie s .............................
S o c ia l a s s is t a n c e .....................................................................
615,318
435,483
7,037
59,770
113,028
100.0
70.8
1.1
9.7
18.4
12,808,112
4 ,381,953
3,972,415
2 ,627,571
1,826,173
100.0
34.2
31.0
20.5
14.3
594
735
681
400
343
71
711
712
713
A rts , e n te rta in m e n t, a n d r e c r e a t io n ....................................
P e rfo rm in g a rts a n d s p e c ta to r s p o r t s .............................
M u s e u m s , h is to ric a l s ite s , z o o s , a n d p a r k s ................
A m u s e m e n ts , g a m b lin g , a n d r e c r e a t io n .........................
103,435
37,198
4,522
61,715
100.0
36.0
59.7
1,644,035
353,891
107,544
1,182,600
100.0
21.5
6.5
71.9
491
1,033
475
332
72
721
722
A c c o m m o d a tio n a n d fo o d s e r v ic e s ......................................
A c c o m m o d a tio n .............................. ...........................................
F o o d s e rv ic e s a n d d rin k in g p la c e s ..................................
525,350
59,822
465,528
100.0
11.4
88.6
9 ,939,915
1,813,217
8 ,126,698
100.0
18.2
81.8
262
404
230
S u p p o rt a c tiv itie s fo r t r a n s p o r t a t io n ...............................
P o s ta l s e r v ic e ............................................................................
C o u rie rs a n d m e s s e n g e r s ....................................................
W a re h o u s in g a n d s t o r a g e ....................................................
100.0
2.9
1
P ercen t
4 ,153,726
626,834
329
52,903
1,375,804
386,273
45,133
26,939
536,701
1,958
584,979
515,873
R a il tra n s p o r ta tio n 2 .................. ...............................................
W a te r tr a n s p o r t a t io n ...............................................................
T ru c k tr a n s p o r t a t io n .................................................................
T ra n s it a n d g ro u n d p a s s e n g e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n .............
P ip e lin e t r a n s p o r t a t io n ..........................................................
S c e n ic a n d s ig h ts e e in g tr a n s p o r t a t io n ..........................
209,570
6,041
49
1,377
113,909
17,436
2,697
3,004
37,397
417
14,328
12,915
Total
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
1
4 .4
1.3
33.1
9.3
1.1
.6
12.9
1
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
27
NAICS Employment and wages
Table 3.
C o n tin u e d — naics in d u stry e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d is trib u tio n b y t h r e e -d ig it c o d e ,
p r iv a te o w n e rs h ip , first q u a r te r ( M a r c h ) 2001
Establishments
NAICS
Em ploym ent
Industry
code
Total
81
811
812
813
814
O th e r s e rv ic e s , e x c e p t p u b lic a d m in is t r a t io n .................
R e p a ir a n d m a in te n a n c e .............................................
P e rs o n a l a n d la u n d ry s e r v ic e s ..................................
99
999
U n c la s s if ie d .............................................................
U n c la s s if ie d .....................................................
P ercen t
Total
P ercen t
955,181
228,337
174,421
128,126
424,297
100.0
23.9
18.3
13.4
44.4
4 ,176,767
1,251,957
1,238,638
1,253,908
432,264
100.0
30.0
29.7
30.0
10.3
439
535
359
478
271
203,605
203,605
100.0
100.0
438,107
438,107
100.0
100.0
741
741
M e m b e rs h ip a s s o c ia tio n s a n d o r g a n iz a t io n s ..............
P riv a te h o u s e h o ld s .................................................
1 V a lu e to o s m a ll to d is p la y .
2 M o s t r a ilr o a d e m p lo y e e s a r e c o v e r e d b y u n e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m s
move into the first spot. Finance and insurance is the high
est paid sector ($1,598), slightly ahead of management of
companies and enterprises ($1,532). At the other end of the
pay scale is accommodation and food services. At $262, it is
the lowest at the sector level. It is slightly more than a third of
the U.S. average weekly wage for the private sector.
Residential and nonresidential construction.
su p e r se c to r s are B L S -sp ecific e x te n s io n s o f th e
ture u p w a r d s,
b ls
a ls o h a s e x te n d e d th e
W h ile th e
n a ic s
n a ic s
stru c
stru ctu re
specialty trade contractors s u b s e c to r
construction. In th e b l s im p le m e n ta tio n o f n a i c s , e a c h
b a se grou p in specialty trade contractors, fo r e x a m p le , ma
sonry contractors o r roofing contractors, is further d i
d o w n w a r d s in th e
of
v id e d , b a s e d o n w h eth er th e e sta b lish m e n t’s p r e d o m in a n t
a c tiv ity is c o n d u c te d in r e s id e n tia l c o n s tr u c tio n o r n o n r e s i
d e n tia l c o n str u c tio n . W h ile d e ta ile d in form ation is n o t a v a il
a b le at th is e a r ly sta g e , it is p o s s i b l e to s a y th a t in e v e r y
tr a d e , s u b s ta n tia lly h ig h e r a v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e s are p a id
in th e n o n r e s id e n tia l s e g m e n t.
Look-alike industries: similar but different. Judging by their
titles alone, many n a i c s groupings might appear to be the
same as similarly named groups in the sic. Many new indus
try groups and look-alikes, however, are significantly dif
ferent. Still other n a i c s industry groups are completely com
posed of the same firms that went into a given sic grouping.
These groups, known as “directs,” constitute 64 percent of
n a i c s employment and 68 percent o f sic employment. The 4
percent difference is caused primarily by the movement of
headquarters and other auxiliaries into their own n a i c s
groups.
Many of these look-alikes will have different content un
28
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
u n d e r th e R a ilr o a d R e t ir e m e n t A c t a n d th u s a r e n o t in c lu d e d in t h is
a r t i c le .
der the new system due to the significant differences in how
some establishments, known as auxiliaries, are classified un
der n a i c s . Auxiliaries are primarily engaged in providing man
agement or support services for other establishments of the
same enterprise. The auto company headquarters discussed
above presents an excellent example of an auxiliary reporter.
The sic grouping in manufacturing called transportation
equipment has its N A IC S sound-alike subsector called trans
portation equipment manufacturing. It would be reasonable
to assume that these series should have the same totals
under either system. However, because the headquarters es
tablishment moves out of manufacturing and into manage
ment, the motor vehicle manufacturing employment count
will be lower in the n a i c s system. Other nonmanufacturing
activities executed by auxiliary units of the auto company,
such as warehousing, research and development, account
ing, and so on, similarly move out o f the manufacturing
category into other sectors. Employment in n a i c s transporta
tion equipment manufacturing is 1,969,681 compared with
1,786,055 employees in S IC transportation equipment. (See
table 4.) For this reason, the differences between look-alikes
are minor compared with the differences caused by breaking
old groups apart.
Look-alike n a i c s groups also differ from their sic counter
parts, because many of them consist of subsets of the old sic
groups. For example, the sic group transportation by air
looks like N A IC S air transportation. But the air transporta
tion subsector loses the air courier industry, which derives
much of its employment from express package delivery com
panies. The air courier industry moves to the new n a i c s cou
riers and messengers subsector. Other industries moving out
of transportation by air are air ambulance services and pri
vate air traffic control. Air transportation thus shrinks to
Table 4.
sic in d u stry e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d istrib u tio n b y tw o -d ig it c o d e , p riv a te o w n e rs h ip ,
first q u a r te r (M a r c h ) 2001
Em ploym ent
Establishments
SIC
Industry
code
Total
P ercent
Total
P ercen t
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
7 ,7 1 7 ,5 5 9
100 .0
1 0 9 ,0 9 2 ,5 8 7
1 00 .0
$ 72 0
A g ric u ltu re , fo re s try , a n d f i s h in g ......................
A g r ic u ltu ra l p ro d u c tio n , c r o p s ........................
A g r ic u ltu ra l p ro d u c tio n , liv e s to c k .................
2 0 4 ,85 1
4 6 ,9 8 7
2 0 ,6 4 0
1 3 0 ,3 8 6
3,801
3 ,0 3 7
1 ,7 1 4 ,1 7 6
4 8 6 ,9 5 7
1 9 7 ,9 7 0
9 9 0 ,22 1
2 8 ,8 4 7
10,181
1 00 .0
2 8 .4
11.5
5 7 .8
1.7
.6
3 92
3 62
A g r ic u ltu ra l s e r v ic e s ...........................................
F o r e s tr y ................................................. ...................
F is h in g , h u n tin g , a n d t r a p p in g .......................
100.0
2 2.9
10.1
6 3.6
1.9
1.5
M in in g .............................................................................
M e ta l m in in g ............................................................
C o a l m in in g ..............................................................
O il a n d g a s e x t r a c t io n .......................................
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra ls , e x c e p t f u e l s .............
2 7 ,0 6 0
7 53
2 ,0 2 8
1 8 ,0 9 5
6 ,1 8 4
100 .0
5 4 9 ,3 7 5
2 .8
7 .5
6 6.9
2 2 .9
3 6 ,6 2 6
7 7 ,3 6 4
100.0
6 .7
14.1
3 2 8 ,6 7 3
1 0 6 ,7 1 2
5 9 .8
19.4
1 ,1 4 3
1,061
1 ,4 5 7
8 10
C o n s tr u c t io n ................................................................
G e n e ra l b u ild in g c o n t r a c t o r s ..........................
H e a v y c o n s tru c tio n , e x . b u ild in g ..................
7 4 8 ,6 1 3
2 1 9 ,2 0 8
4 3 ,2 8 0
4 8 6 ,1 2 5
100.0
2 9 .3
5 .8
64.9
6 ,3 5 7 ,0 3 0
1 ,3 9 4 ,4 9 0
8 3 0 ,7 0 9
4 ,1 3 1 ,8 3 1
1 00 .0
2 1 .9
13.1
6 5 .0
7 03
761
771
669
M a n u f a c t u r in g ............................................................
F o o d a n d k in d re d p r o d u c ts ......... ....................
T o b a c c o p r o d u c t s ................................................
T e x tile m ill p r o d u c t s ...................... .....................
A p p a re l a n d o th e r te x tile p r o d u c t s ..............
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s .............................
F u rn itu re a n d f i x t u r e s ........................................
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ................................
P rin tin g a n d p u b lis h in g ......................................
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts .......................
P e tro le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c ts ..........................
R u b b e r a n d m is e , p la s tic s p r o d u c t s ............
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p r o d u c t s .........................
4 1 0 ,9 1 2
2 3 ,6 1 2
191
6 ,5 4 4
2 2 ,4 6 4
100.0
5 .7
1
1 00 .0
9 .2
.2
2 .7
S to n e , cla y , a n d g la s s p r o d u c t s ..................
P rim a ry m e ta l in d u s t r ie s ...................................
F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c t s ......... .....................
In d u s tria l m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t ..........
E le c tro n ic a n d o th e r e le c tric e q u ip m e n t....
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t .................................
In s tru m e n ts a n d re la te d p r o d u c t s ................
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s trie s ...
18,081
7 ,9 1 2
3 9 ,7 5 5
6 2 ,8 0 6
2 0 ,3 4 2
1 5 ,8 3 7
1 4 ,1 3 6
1 9 ,1 0 8
1 8 ,0 3 0 ,7 9 6
1 ,6 5 9 ,8 4 0
3 2 ,7 8 0
4 9 4 ,9 7 2
5 8 9 ,0 6 6
7 7 7 ,6 4 7
5 4 0 ,8 3 0
6 3 8 ,2 9 4
1 ,5 1 8 ,8 9 8
1 ,0 2 6 ,0 2 2
1 2 1 ,8 6 7
9 7 5 ,6 5 2
6 4 ,3 8 8
5 6 7 ,7 4 5
6 7 4 ,9 1 5
1 ,5 1 0 ,2 8 8
2 ,0 8 6 ,2 9 5
1 ,7 3 5 ,9 6 1
1 ,7 8 6 ,0 5 5
8 4 7 ,3 9 3
3 8 1 ,8 8 8
3 2 5 ,3 5 6
153
2 0 ,9 6 7
1 4 7 ,6 7 6
9 ,4 9 2
100.0
1
6 ,8 5 4 ,4 2 4
1,664
100 .0
48
49
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d p u b lic u t ilit ie s .....................
R a ilro a d tra n s p o rta tio n 2 ....................................
L o c a l a n d in te ru rb a n p a s s e n g e r t r a n s i t ....
T ru c k in g a n d w a r e h o u s in g ...............................
W a te r tr a n s p o r t a t io n ...........................................
T ra n s p o rta tio n b y a i r ...........................................
P ip e lin e s , e x c e p t n a tu ra l g a s .........................
T r a n s p o rta tio n s e r v ic e s ....................................
C o m m u n ic a tio n ......................................................
E le c tric , g a s , a n d s a n ita ry s e r v ic e s ..........
1 6 ,9 9 6
1,0 1 7
5 0 ,5 5 9
5 2 ,5 7 8
2 5 ,9 1 8
6 .4
4 5 .4
2 .9
5 .2
.3
15.5
16.2
8 .0
4 9 1 ,9 3 5
1 ,8 2 9 ,1 9 9
1 8 4 ,6 2 8
1 ,2 8 3 ,2 3 5
1 3 ,7 8 5
4 7 3 ,0 9 4
1 ,7 2 6 ,5 6 0
8 5 0 ,3 2 4
7 .2
2 6 .7
2 .7
18.7
.2
6.9
2 5 .2
12.4
892
581
3 92
621
8 75
8 00
1,391
692
1,1 7 3
1,4 3 4
50
51
W h o le s a le t r a d e ........................................................
W h o le s a le tra d e , d u ra b le g o o d s ....................
W h o le s a le tra d e , n o n d u ra b le g o o d s ............
6 5 0 ,0 4 0
4 1 9 ,2 4 9
2 3 0 ,79 1
100.0
6 4.5
3 5 .5
6 ,7 8 1 ,0 0 7
4 ,0 4 8 ,4 7 2
2 ,7 3 2 ,5 3 5
1 00 .0
5 9 .7
4 0 .3
9 32
985
8 54
T o t a l..............................................................
01
02
07
08
09
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
S p e c ia l tr a d e c o n t r a c t o r s ................................
3 9 ,2 3 6
1 2 ,0 7 0
7 ,6 7 9
6 4 ,2 6 9
1 5 ,3 8 2
2 ,7 1 2
1 6 ,9 4 9
1,827
1.6
5 .5
9 .5
2 .9
1.9
15.6
3 .7
.7
4.1
.4
4 .4
1.9
9 .7
15.3
5 .0
3 .9
3 .4
4 .7
3 .3
4 .3
3 .0
3 .5
8 .4
5 .7
.7
5 .4
.4
3.1
3 .7
8 .4
11.6
9 .6
9 .9
4 .7
2.1
433
391
5 34
6 67
1 ,2 5 5
8 87
700
1 ,6 3 7
5 63
465
5 59
587
928
813
1,399
1 ,4 5 7
6 82
591
7 88
8 93
7 27
1,0 1 4
1,1 0 3
1,0 8 3
1 ,1 4 3
6 65
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
29
NAICS Employment and wages
1
C o n tin u e d — sic in d u stry e s ta b lis h m e n t a n d e m p lo y m e n t d is trib u tio n b y tw o -d ig it c o d e p riv a te o w n e rs h ip ,
first q u a rte r ( M a r c h ) 2001
Establishments
SIC
code
E m ploym ent
Industry
Total
52
53
54
R e ta il t r a d e .....................................................................
B u ild in g m a te ria ls a n d g a rd e n s u p p lie s ........
G e n e ra l m e rc h a n d is e s t o r e s .............................
F o o d s t o r e s ...............................................................
55
56
57
58
59
A u to m o tiv e d e a le rs a n d s e rv ic e s t a t io n s ....
A p p a re l a n d a c c e s s o ry s t o r e s .........................
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e fu rn is h in g s s t o r e s ...........
E a tin g a n d d rin k in g p la c e s ................................
M is c e lla n e o u s r e t a il ...............................................
P ercen t
1 ,4 7 1,36 1
6 6 ,8 9 4
4 0 ,1 6 8
1 7 3 ,0 3 3
1 7 9 ,3 1 5
1 0 1 ,1 7 0
1 2 0 ,4 1 6
4 5 9 ,0 9 0
3 3 1 ,2 7 5
1 00 .0
4 .5
2 .7
11.8
12.2
6 9 1 ,1 7 4
Total
P ercen t
A v e ra g e
w e e k ly
w ag es
1 00 .0
4 .3
12.1
14.9
10.4
6.9
8.2
3 1.2
2 2 .5
2 3 ,0 8 2 ,8 1 6
9 9 8 ,6 5 0
2 ,7 9 9 ,2 0 6
3 ,4 3 2 ,2 3 1
2 ,3 9 0 ,2 9 8
1 ,1 5 5,02 1
1 ,1 3 4 ,5 1 6
8 ,1 0 6 ,5 7 3
3 ,0 6 6 ,3 2 1
100.0
14.2
8 .8
8 .3
6.6
19.4
3 8 .3
4 .4
7 ,5 2 1 ,0 5 1
2 ,0 4 4 ,5 1 1
6 9 8 ,3 3 6
7 8 7 ,3 7 4
1 ,4 6 5 ,2 4 1
7 6 9 ,2 1 9
1 ,5 0 3 ,6 1 7
2 5 2 ,7 5 3
100.0
2 7 .2
9 .3
10.5
19.5
10.2
2 0 .0
3 .4
1 ,4 3 0
9 87
1 ,2 1 9
4 ,8 1 8
1 ,1 9 0
9 40
701
2 ,2 2 6
100.0
2 .0
6 .4
18.2
6 .5
2 .3
1.5
3 .5
15.7
5 .5
1.7
1 00 .0
4 .9
3 .5
2 5 .5
3 .3
1.0
1.6
4 .2
27.1
2 .7
4 .9
7 .7
.3
2 .7
88
89
5 .8
.1
3 .4
12.8
14.2
.4
3 7 ,7 6 8 ,4 8 8
1 ,8 3 3 ,3 6 7
1 ,3 2 7 ,8 4 7
9 ,6 2 7 ,9 7 9
1 ,2 4 7 ,6 2 9
3 6 9 ,4 3 0
5 9 1 ,4 9 4
1 ,5 9 4 ,6 7 7
1 0 ,2 3 4 ,8 6 8
1 ,0 1 7 ,2 7 9
1 ,8 3 7 ,5 6 8
2 ,9 0 9 ,7 5 6
1 0 3 ,7 4 5
1 ,0 2 0 ,7 2 0
3 ,5 7 0 ,3 9 5
4 3 2 ,2 4 7
4 9 ,4 8 7
6 58
412
3 38
7 30
498
6 28
7 44
472
6 59
1 ,0 9 3
6 09
371
M u s e u m s , b o ta n ic a l, z o o lo g ic a l g a rd e n s ....
M e m b e rs h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s ..................................
E n g in e e rin g a n d m a n a g e m e n t s e r v ic e s .......
P riv a te h o u s e h o ld s ................................................
S e rv ic e s , n e c ............................................................
2 ,9 8 4 ,6 4 3
6 0 ,2 8 8
1 9 1 ,1 6 2
5 4 4 ,4 6 3
1 9 3 ,2 2 4
6 7 ,6 5 8
4 4 ,2 1 0
1 0 3 ,6 5 7
4 7 0 ,0 3 2
1 6 4 ,5 4 0
4 9 ,6 3 7
1 7 1 ,6 4 9
4 ,1 5 2
1 0 2 ,7 2 6
3 8 0 ,5 8 8
4 2 4 ,2 9 6
12,361
9 .5
1.1
.1
483
463
1,061
271
1 ,2 7 9
99
U n c la s s ifie d ...................................................................
N o n c la s s ifia b le e s ta b lis h m e n ts .......................
2 0 3 ,5 4 9
2 0 3 ,5 4 9
100.0
100 .0
4 3 3 ,4 2 4
4 3 3 ,4 2 4
1 00 .0
1 00 .0
7 39
7 39
60
61
62
63
64
65
67
70
72
73
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
87
F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , a n d re a l e s t a t e .................
D e p o s ito ry in s t it u t io n s ..........................................
N o n d e p o s ito ry in s t it u t io n s ..................................
S e c u rity a n d c o m m o d ity b r o k e r s .....................
In s u ra n c e c a r r ie r s .................................................
In s u ra n c e a g e n ts , b ro k e rs , a n d s e r v ic e .....
R e a l e s t a t e .................................................................
H o ld in g a n d o th e r in v e s tm e n t o f f i c e s ..........
S e r v ic e s ..........................................................................
H o te ls a n d o th e r lo d g in g p la c e s ......................
P e rs o n a l s e r v ic e s ...................................................
B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s .................................................
A u to re p a ir, s e rv ic e s , a n d p a r k in g .................
M is c e lla n e o u s re p a ir s e r v ic e s ..........................
M o tio n p ic t u r e s ........................................................
A m u s e m e n t a n d re c re a tio n s e r v ic e s .............
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ........................................................
L e g a l s e r v ic e s .........................................................
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ............................................
S o c ia l s e r v ic e s ........................................................
9 8 ,4 4 8
6 0 ,7 0 4
5 7 ,1 1 3
4 5 ,8 5 9
1 3 3 ,8 5 6
2 6 4 ,8 6 2
3 0 ,3 3 2
1 V a lu e to o s m a ll to d is p la y .
2 M o s t r a ilr o a d e m p lo y e e s a r e c o v e r e d b y u n e m p lo y m e n t p r o g r a m s
626,834 em p lo y e e s u n d e r n a ic s , fro m 1,283,235 e m p lo y e e s
u n d e r th e sic system .
A b o u t th e d a ta
The data presented in this article are preliminary and cover
the private sector, as tabulated using the 2002 version of
n a ic s . Final data may differ, as additional business reports
for this time period are reported to State unemployment in
surance systems and then, ultimately, to b l s . The tabula
tions under n a ic s and sic vary slightly, due to the treatment
30 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
5 .0
4 .9
35.1
13.3
$ 362
495
3 73
3 48
5 73
3 45
5 47
236
425
u n d e r t h e R a ilr o a d R e t ir e m e n t A c t a n d t h u s a r e n o t in c lu d e d in t h is
a r t i c le .
of selected records with incomplete identifiers. While bls
does release ce w industry data at the Federal, State, and local
government levels, this article focuses on the data covering
the private sector, because that best serves the purpose of
conducting a brief review of data under the n a ic s structure.
The average weekly wage is created by dividing the total
quarterly wage data reported to CEW by average quarterly
employment, and then dividing that figure by 13, the number
of weeks in the quarter. It is not adjusted for the number of
hours paid. This feature accounts for some of the wide differ
ences between industries, as some industries have greater
proportions of their employees regularly working a full week
than do others. The average weekly wage does provide a
good approximation of the amount of the weekly gross wage
for each industry. Its total quarterly wage counterpart also is
useful for reporting how many gross payroll dollars are pro
duced by various industries each quarter.
T his first lo ok at n a ic s data a c q u a in ts u s e r s w ith th e
new naics structure. In 2002, bls will release ratio tables
depicting the relationship between n a ic s and sic series.
These tables and their accompanying files will allow users
to convert existing sic series to a n a ic s basis. Comprehen
sive 2001 c e w n a ic s data will be available in the fall o f 2 0 0 2
for every county, metropolitan area, and State, as well as at
the national level.
□
N o tes
A
c k n o w l e d g m e n t :
The author thanks John Dickson, Robert Jordan,
and David Talan for their extensive assistance and advice throughout
Industry Classification System at BLS,” by James A. Walker and John
the development o f this article.
and a timetable for BLS implementation in all o f its programs.
1 The companion article, “Implementing the North American
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B. Murphy, on pages 15-21, provides a general background on NAICS
2 SE SA s, for exam ple, are State Departments o f Labor or
Workforce Commissions.
Where are you publishing your research?
The Monthly Labor Review will consider for publication studies of the labor force,
labor-management relations, business conditions, industry productivity, compensa
tion, occupational safety and health, demographic trends, and other economic devel
opments. Papers should be factual and analytical, not polemical in tone.
We prefer (but do not require) submission in the form of an electronic file in Microsoft
Word, either on a diskette or as an attachment to e-mail. Please use separate files for the
text of the article; the tables; and charts. We also accept hard copies of manuscripts.
Potential articles should be mailed to: Editor-in-Chief, Monthly Labor Review, Bu
reau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or by e-mail to mlr@bls.gov
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
31
New tools for labor market
analysis: JOLTS
As a single, direct source fo r data
on jo b openings, hires, and separations,
the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
should be a useful indicator o f the demand fo r labor
in the US. labor market and o f other economic conditions
Kelly A. Clark
and
Rosemary Hyson
Kelly A. Clark is an
economist and
Rosemary Hyson Is a
research economist in
the Office of
Employment and
Unemployment
Statistics, Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
32
nalysis of the U.S. labor market is a diffi
cult and challenging effort. A number of
existing economic indicators, including
the unemployment rate, payroll employment, and
others, serve as useful measures of labor market
activity, general economic conditions, and labor
supply. However, to facilitate a more comprehen
sive analysis of the U.S. labor market and to show
how changes in labor supply and demand affect
the overall economy, the Bureau o f Labor Statis
tics will introduce a new data series measuring
labor demand and turnover: the Job Openings
and Labor Turnover Survey ( j o l t s ) . 1
The availability of unfilled jobs—the number
of job openings or the openings rate—is an im
portant measure of the tightness of labor mar
kets. j o l t s calculates the number o f job openings
from a nationwide sample of establishments and
computes a job openings, or vacancy, rate. This
new survey also collects data on separations by
type and hires, providing a single source for
these data that will enhance empirical analyses
of the economy and the labor market. This article
briefly describes the survey and then discusses
how j o l t s data will help enrich analysis of the
U.S. labor market and the economy as a whole.
A
The survey
collects and analyzes monthly data on many
aspects of the U.S. labor market. One b l s survey,
the Current Employment Statistics ( c e s ) survey,
bls
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
collects data from businesses and produces em
ployment estimates. Another survey, the Current
Population Survey ( c p s ) , conducted by the Cen
sus Bureau, collects employment status data from
households for b l s to determine the unemploy
ment rate, which measures excess labor supply.
The b l s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Sur
vey, completes the labor market picture by col
lecting monthly data from businesses to measure
unmet labor demand and job turnover.
This new program involves the collection, pro
cessing, and dissemination of job openings and
labor turnover data from a sample of 16,000 busi
ness establishments. The universe frame for the
j o l t s sample consists of approximately 8 million
establishments compiled as part of the operations
of the b l s Covered Employment and Wages, or
es-202, program. This frame includes all employ
ers subject to State Unemployment Insurance (ui)
laws and Federal agencies subject to the Unem
ployment Compensation for Federal Employees
( u c f e ) program. The sampling frame is stratified
by ownership (public or private), geographic re
gion, major industry division, and size class. The
j o l t s sample is representative of private nonfarm
establishments as well as Federal, State, and lo
cal government entities in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. The sample is rotated so
that most establishments participate in the sur
vey for 18 consecutive months. Total employment
estimates from j o l t s are controlled to the current
month c e s employment estimates, and this is used
to adjust the levels for all other j o l t s data elements.
The data elements collected monthly from each establish
ment include employment for the pay period that includes the
12th of the month; the number of job openings on the last
business day of the month; and hires, quits, layoffs and dis
charges, and other separations for the entire month. To en
courage consistent and accurate reporting, respondents are
given detailed definitions for each data element. For example,
the definition of a job opening requires that a specific posi
tion exists, the job could start within 30 days, and that the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment
to fill the position. Hires are all additions to the payroll during
the month, and a layoff should be counted if it lasts or is
expected to last more than 7 days.
b l s anticipates releasing monthly estimates of job openings,
hires, and separation rates and levels beginning in early 2002.
The j o l t s data series will be considered a developmental series
for the first 2 years of publication. Estimates will be released for
the Nation as a whole and for four geographic regions. The
national estimates for the private sector will be divided into nine
industry divisions based on the Standard Industrial Classifica
tion (sic) system. Additional estimates will be published for the
Federal Government and for State and local governments com
bined. j o l t s estimates will be converted to the North American
Industry Classification System ( n a i c s ) in 2003.2
A n tic ip a te d uses of th e d a ta
The j o l t s data series on job openings, hires, and separations
will assist policymakers and researchers in addressing some
fundamental issues concerning labor demand and movements
in the labor market. The j o l t s data will provide a basis for
improved understanding of the factors driving fluctuations in
unemployment and the overall economy, determining appro
priate approaches for reducing unemployment, and studying
how workers flow in and out of establishments, are matched
with jobs, and are distributed across sectors.
O f particular interest to researchers will be the study of the
relationship of vacancies and unemployment. The j o l t s job
openings rate is expected to have a negative relationship to
the unemployment rate. For example, as the economy expands,
the unemployment rate generally falls, reflecting a decreased
pool of excess workers. Simultaneously, the job openings rate
is expected to increase as businesses seek workers to fill new
and existing jobs. Alternatively, in a weak economy, the unem
ployment rate typically increases as businesses shed workers
in response to weak demand, and the job openings rate is
expected to fall as employers cut back their hiring plans.
The empirical relationship linking vacancies with unem
ployment and the overall economy is called the Beveridge
curve. A stylized version of the Beveridge curve is shown in
exhibit 1. First described by William Beveridge in the 1940s,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
the curve reflects the negative relationship between vacan
cies and unemployment.3 Changes in the business cycle gen
erate movement along the curve, while reallocation of labor
and capital between sectors moves the curve further away
from or closer to the origin. These forces are not independent
of one another, and changes in labor force composition and
job search behavior also affect where the Beveridge curve is
relative to the origin. Economic researchers can use the j o l t s
data to test and refine models that show how such factors
affect labor market dynamics and the distribution of workers
across sectors.
Another topic of importance to economists is the relation
ship between changes in wages and changes in employment.
Primarily, economists have only been able to examine this in
the context of the Phillips curve, a relationship linking devia
tions from the natural rate of unemployment—or excess la
bor supply—to wage changes. The j o l t s series on job open
ings will finally provide a consistent series on excess labor
demand that will extend economists’ ability to study the rela
tionship between wage and employment changes.
To study the Beveridge curve and its implications, research
ers have had to use a variety of proxies for the vacancy rate.
Much work in this area has been done using a vacancy series
constructed from employment, as measured by b l s , and the Con
ference Board’s Help-Wanted Advertising Index. This proxy has
served as an imperfect measure, because the index does not
cover the entire country, job openings are not directly counted,
there are no precise definitions or adjustments for what consti
tutes actual job openings, and there are other factors indepen
dent of labor demand that can increase the volume of want ads.
j o l t s will provide a directly measured vacancy series that can
be used for this type of analysis.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted various sur
veys to measure job openings in the past, but these were
either short lived or were limited to the manufacturing indus
try. j o l t s was developed to consistently record monthly job
openings for all nonagricultural industries, including both
public and private businesses, and is representative of the
national economy.
Researchers have used the available proxies to study
movements in the unemployment-vacancy relationship over
the past few decades because a consistent set of vacancy
data has not been available. Generally, this work has docu
mented upward movement along the Beveridge curve during
the 1960s, and a combination of movement along the curve
and outward shifts in the relationship for various periods
during the 1970s and 1980s.4 Recent work by Hoyt Bleakley
and Jeffrey C. Führer documents an inward shift of the curve
in the early 1990s.5
Uses o f j o l t s data in economic analysis. The analysis of
the co-movement of the unemployment and vacancy rates
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
33
Job Openings and Labor Turnover
can provide more information about business cycles and the
type of unemployment that is prevalent in the economy. When
the structure of the economy is fixed, the position on the
Beveridge curve reflects whether an economy is expanding or
contracting, as shown in exhibit 1. In times of economic ex
pansion, the unemployment-vacancy combination will be high
on the curve (low unemployment rate, high vacancy rate), and
in contractions it will be low (high unemployment rate, low
vacancy rate). The changes in unemployment generated by
this movement will mostly reflect cyclical fluctuations in labor
demand. The Beveridge curve will shift with changes in the
probability that jobseekers and job openings will be matched,
as shown in exhibit 2. The curve will shift away from the origin
if various factors make it harder for unemployed workers to fill
vacancies and shift back when matching efficiency improves.
These shifts reflect changes in structural unemployment or
frictional unemployment, or both, that result from changes in
the composition of the labor force, from reallocation of jobs
across sectors or geographic areas, or from other changes in
the way workers match with jobs. In considering the curve’s
shape and movement of the unemployment and vacancy rates
over time, economists can determine the differences between
unemployment driven by deficient demand and unemploy
ment generated by reduced matching.
For example, suppose the unemployment rate begins to
rise substantially. If no corresponding decrease in the va
cancy rate is observed, this points to an outward shift in the
Beveridge curve and a reduction in matching efficiency. The
matching inefficiency could reflect structural unemployment
if the individuals who are without a job do not have the right
skills to fill the vacancies. To reduce unemployment, training
could be provided to workers who lack needed skills. If aggre
gate shocks are driving the increase in unemployment—that
is, there is movement along the Beveridge curve— efforts to
train workers will produce little improvement. Rather, macroeconomic efforts to spur job creation may be more effective.
The models that distinguish between the amount of a
change in the unemployment rate attributable to cyclical fluc
tuations and the amount generated by factors that reduce
matching efficiency are well described by a number of au
thors. Katharine G. Abraham and Lawrence F. Katz and Olivier
Blanchard and Peter Diamond demonstrate how data on va
cancies can differentiate between deficient demand and un
employment generated by reduced matching.6 An article by
Barbara Petrongolo and Christopher A. Pissarides discusses
issues regarding the matching function—a relationship that
describes how workers match with jobs and which relates
changes in hires to changes in vacancies and unemploy
ment.7 A later section of this article outlines some of the basic
ideas behind these models.
elements as indicators o f the business cycle. As de
scribed earlier, the job openings rate, in conjunction with the
jo lts
34 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Exhibit 1.
Movement along the Beveridge curve
Vacancy rate
unemployment rate, provides information about; the state of
the economy. In addition, hires, quits, and layoffs and dis
charges data can be useful in analyzing business cycles. Di
rect measures of all these data series have not been available
in the past. Many hypotheses about how these data elements
trend against one another and how they relate to the move
ments of the business cycle over time can be tested once the
JOLTS data are available. Economists will be able to examine
how the data elements move with business cycles directly. In
addition, economists can use the j o l t s series to enhance analy
ses of how gross employment flows and job creation and job
destruction relate to the business cycle.
Movement in the job openings (or vacancy) rate leads
economic activity at business cycle peaks and lags at troughs,
so that the number of vacancies tends to decrease before the
economy begins a downturn and increases after the economy
begins a recovery. Because cutting job openings is less costly,
employers tend to reduce the number of job postings for new
hires or replacement workers before decreasing the firm’s cur
rent employment level when sensing an economic downturn.
When conditions begin to improve, firms will tend to increase
hours of work and recall workers from layoff before searching
for new employees.
Hires, as well as establishment growth rates, tend to be
procyclical, moving in the same direction as general economic
activity. Under good economic conditions, firms replace work
ers who separate, whereas during downturns, employers may
delay hiring until the economic situation improves.
Intuitively, economists expect quits to be procyclical if
workers feel safe leaving their jobs when economic condi
tions are favorable. It also is thought that layoffs and dis
charges are countercyclical, moving in the opposite direction
as economic activity, because employers tend to shed work
ers when business conditions are unfavorable. Patricia M.
Anderson and Bruce Meyer found total separations, which
includes quits and layoffs and discharges, to be procyclical.8
If quits are procyclical, they will decrease during downturns and
recessions. Therefore, if total separations are also procyclical, in
order for both quits and separations to fall during a downturn,
the decrease in quits must more than offset the increase in lay
offs and discharges during those periods. However, this aspect
may vary by industry, because sensitivities to business cycles
can vary. Hoyt Bleakley, Ann E. Ferris, and Jeffrey C. Führer
provide evidence that flows between employment and unem
ployment in manufacturing vary much more with the business
cycle than in the nonmanufacturing sector.9
Economists have examined how business cycles affect
workers moving between jobs, becoming unemployed, and
dropping out of the labor force, j o l t s does not measure such
flows, but its turnover data should enhance estimates of these
flows using other data sources. For example, if quits and hires
are procyclical, then employer-to-employer flows should be
procyclical. Recent work by Bruce C. Fallick and Charles A.
Fleischman, however, found no evidence that such employerto-employer flows are procyclical using State-level variation
in economic conditions during 1994-2000.10 The evidence on
the procyclicality of hires and quits tends to come from data
collected during the 1970s and 1980s; the new j o l t s series will
be able to help economists understand whether these rela
tionships still hold or if other components need to be incorpo
rated into models of how job turnover and labor market flows
relate to the business cycle.
Many of the conclusions that economists have reached
about the relationship between the business cycle and job
openings, hires, and separations have been based on data
series that are not direct measures of these data elements. The
j o l t s program’s data series will provide a better source for
economists to examine these relationships over time.
Uses o f j o l t s in economic research. In a simple model in
which an economy has fixed structural characteristics, fluc
tuations in aggregate demand generate movements along the
Beveridge curve as the economy expands and contracts. Dur
ing contractions, there are few vacancies and high unemploy
ment rates; as the economy expands and demand for labor
increases, unemployed workers will find jobs and growing
firms will be creating new jobs, generating a higher vacancy
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
rate and lower unemployment rate.
The reallocation of economic activity across industries
and geographic areas also generates distinct movements in
unemployment and vacancies that will be reflected in shifts of
the Beveridge curve. Expanding sectors have greater employ
ment growth and shrinking sectors experience reductions in
employment. If workers who lose their jobs in the shrinking
sectors are perfectly mobile and have the skills to work in the
expanding sectors, then reallocation across sectors would not
affect the position of the Beveridge curve. Such seamless
transitions are rarely the case; impediments such as the lack
of skills or geographic immobility affect jobseekers’ ability to
match with job openings. As a result, concurrent increases in
both vacancies and unemployment can be observed and shift
the Beveridge curve further away from the origin.
Demographic changes in the labor force also will affect the
degree to which workers match with jobs. Workers have much
higher turnover early in their career, so a change in the age
distribution of workers towards younger workers can gener
ate shorter job durations. Shorter job durations are usually
associated with greater turnover and more openings at any
one time. Concurrent increases in both unemployment and
vacancies could result, shifting the Beveridge curve further
away from the origin. Researchers have found some evidence
that the Beveridge curve shifted out when the baby-boom
Exhibit 2. A shift in the Beveridge curve
V a c a n c y r a te
Improved
matching
efficiency
Unemployment rate
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
35
Job Openings and Labor Turnover
generation entered the labor market and shifted the distribu
tion of the labor force towards younger workers. An antici
pated question that economists may be able to examine with
the j o l t s data is: What effect will the retirement of the babyboom generation have on the unemployment-vacancy locus?
In addition, the entry of their children into the labor force is
also likely to be currently affecting the age distribution of the
work force and possibly shifting the Beveridge curve as well.
Others have noted how changes in family structure, work
disincentives, and changes in recruiting practices on the part
of employers can influence the number of vacancies relative
to unemployment.11 In addition, the increase in the flow of
information on job openings, made possible by electronic com
munication and the Internet, may reduce both structural and
frictional unemployment, reduce the duration of job vacan
cies, and thus shift the Beveridge curve inwards. Such ques
tions cannot be directly examined using the j o l t s data, but its
job openings, hires, and separations data could be combined
with other microdata to investigate such questions.
Aggregate demand shocks, changes in the distribution of
jobs across industries and regions, shifts in the demographic
characteristics of the work force, and other changes in the
way labor markets operate all can affect the combination of job
openings and unemployment that are observed at any one
time. Economists are interested in the extent to which each of
these factors matter, as well as how long their impact persists.
Several researchers used the job vacancy series from the 1970s
to estimate the relative importance of each of these on the
movement o f unemployment and job openings.
In looking at the evidence using earlier vacancy data se
ries, researchers find that aggregate demand shocks generate
larger short-run movements in the vacancy-unemployment re
lationship than reallocation or changes in labor supply.12 The
impact o f aggregate demand does not persist in the long run,
while the effects of changes in the labor force composition
and increases in the intensity of reallocation do.
A number of authors have found that the Beveridge curve
shifted out in the 1970s and 1980s. Changes in the composi
tion of the labor force appear to have played at least a small
part in this shift.13 Reallocation of jobs across industries has
played a role, but these are not entirely of a consistent timing
and magnitude to explain the remainder of the shifts between
the 1970s and 1990s. One study provides evidence that in
creased geographic dispersion of job creation and destruc
tion are more consistent with the shifts; all the researchers cite
additional factors that also were likely to have affected match
ing and shifted the Beveridge curve.14
j o l t s will be the first data series in which macroeconomic
analyses can be performed without constructing at least one,
if not more, of the main components of these models from
proxies based on manufacturing data. The studies from the
1980s had to rely on relationships between employment
36 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
changes, job openings, quits and layoffs constructed from
turnover, and vacancy data collected in 1981 and earlier, all of
which were limited to the manufacturing industry. In addition,
these relationships were used in conjunction with household
data to approximate the number of persons moving from one
employer to another to generate measures of job separations
and hires that did not come from nonemployment. These con
structed series on vacancies, quits, and hires seemed to fit
labor market data well through the 1980s.15 However, several
changes in the labor market over the past 30 years, including
the shift in the concentration of jobs from manufacturing to
services and changes in the way workers match with job open
ings, limit the extent to which one can hope to “update” these
earlier series. Moreover, it is always preferable to have direct
measures of a model’s components rather than having to con
struct some components. The hires series from j o l t s will pro
vide data on the number of workers who match with jobs
during each month. The separations series and breakouts of
quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations will pro
vide the necessary turnover data and job openings will pro
vide a direct measure of vacancies for these models.
The j o l t s data also will enhance economists’ understand
ing of matching models—the process by which employed and
unemployed jobseekers match with available jobs. The hires
series provides a monthly estimate of the number o f such
matches, and the job openings series provides a measure of
the number of unfilled jobs. In analyses to date, economists
have had to rely on less than ideal measures of these two
critical elements. Often, exits from nonemployment were used
to proxy for job matches even though recent evidence indi
cates that a substantial number of workers go from one job to
the next without a spell of nonemployment. Also, these mod
els have had to rely on proxies for a vacancy series or gross
employment changes to control for labor demand. The prox
ies for vacancies and job matches have been sufficient for
certain analyses, but their being imperfect measures of the
true values can confound testing of other hypotheses.
An example of how measurement error interferes with ana
lyzing matching models can be seen in economists’ examina
tion of the effect that increasing the number of jobseekers has
on the rate at which vacancies are filled. Some models imply
that at the aggregate level, the matching function should ex
hibit constant returns to scale—that is, the overall match rate
will equal the sum of the probabilities that any given jobseeker
and firm will match. In regression models that estimate the
elasticity of job matches or new hires with respect to vacan
cies and unemployment, constant returns to scale implies that
the elasticity of matches with respect to vacancies and the
elasticity of matches with respect to unemployment should
sum to one. Other models suggest that there might be increas
ing returns to scale in the matching function—that is, the
total number of matches will increase by more than the amount
that the number of jobseekers and job openings has increased.
Increasing returns to scale would imply that the estimated sum
of the unemployment and vacancy elasticities is greater than
one. Measurement error in either unemployment or vacancies
can result in the estimated elasticities being biased towards zero.
Therefore, imperfect measures of job vacancies might suggest
constant returns to scale simply because the estimated effect of
job vacancies is biased downward.
Matching models have been used to examine the extent to
which employers prefer employed jobseekers to unemployed
jobseekers. Such ranking of types of workers has implica
tions for jobless durations and unemployment durations.
Recent evidence indicates that a substantial proportion of
new employees come from other jobs rather than unemploy
ment.16 Although j o l t s does not collect data on whether hires
come from another job, unemployment, or out of the labor
force, its information on matches (hires) and job openings
will provide better information than existing proxies created
from other surveys.
With data from a single consistent source, there is less
concern that measurement error in the key components will
interfere with estimating the true relationship between va
cancies, unemployment, and other economic indicators.
These series will improve the ability to test how well current
models describe the evolution of labor demand and labor
market dynamics in the United States. Also, the time series
on hires and quits, in combination with data on gross em
ployment flows, may enable researchers to back out other
turnover series, such as employment-to-employment transi
tions, and further enhance such research.
These topics are part of economists’ research agendas
and extend beyond j o l t s use as an indicator of labor demand
in the United States. The full scope of the data’s usefulness
cannot be anticipated; however, as the data series accumu
lates and models of labor dynamics are further developed,
they may substantially deepen economists’ understanding
of labor markets and the economy.
As a s i n g l e s o u r c e for directly measured data on job open
ings, hires, and separations, j o l t s statistics can be used as
indicators of general economic conditions, and are important
tools for considering the implications of economic policies
on unemployment and the labor market. These data series, in
conjunction with other micro- and macroeconomic data, are
also likely to enhance researchers’ understanding of labor
market dynamics and their relation to the economy as a whole.
Notes
1
For a brief introduction to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover
8
Patricia M. Anderson and Bruce D. Meyer, “The Extent and
Survey see, “New survey measures demand for labor,” Monthly Labor
Consequences o f Job Turnover,” Brookings Papers: Microeconomics,
Review, September 2000, pp. 37-39.
1994, pp. 177-248.
2 See James A. Walker and John B. Murphy, “Implementing the
North American Industry Classification System at b l s , ” also in this issue.
3 See Hoyt Bleakley and Jeffrey C. Führer, “Shifts in the Beveridge
Curve, Job Matching, and Labor Market Dynamics,” New England
Economic Review, September/October 1997, pp. 3-19. Also a deriva
tion o f the Beveridge curve can be found in Bent Hansen, “Excess
Demand, Unemployment, Vacancies and Wages,” Quarterly Journal o f
Economics, 1970, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 1-23.
4 See Katharine G. Abraham, “Structural/Frictional vs. Deficient
Demand Unemployment: Some New Evidence,” American Economic
Review, 1983 vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 708-24; and Katharine G. Abraham,
“Help-Wanted Advertising, Job Vacancies, and Unemployment,”
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, no. 1, June 1987, pp. 207-48;
O livier Blanchard and Peter Diamond, “The Beveridge Curve,”
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, no. 1, 1989, pp. 1-76; and
Bleakley and Führer, “Shifts in the Beveridge Curve” 1997, pp. 3-19.
5 Bleakley and Führer, “Shifts in the Beveridge Curve,” 1997,
pp. 3-1 9 .
6 Katharine G. Abraham and Lawrence F. Katz, “Cyclical Unem
ployment: Sectoral Shifts or Aggregate Disturbances?” Journal o f Po
litical Economy, 1986, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 507-22; and Blanchard and
Diamond, “The Beveridge Curve,” 1989, pp. 1-76.
7 Barbara Petrongolo and Christopher A. Pissarides, “Looking into
the Black Box: A Survey o f the Matching Function,” Journal o f Eco
nomic Literature, June 2001, pp. 390-431.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9 Hoyt Bleakley, Ann E. Ferris, and Jeffrey C. Führer, “New Data
on Worker Flows During Business Cycles,” New England Economic
Review, July/August 1999, pp. 49-76.
10 Bruce C. Fallick and Charles A. Fleischman, “The Importance of
Employer-to-Employer Flows in the U.S. Labor Market,” Finance and
Economics Discussion Paper Series, no. 2001-18 (The Federal Reserve
Board, April 2001).
11 For more details, see Abraham, “Help-Wanted Advertising,”
1987, pp. 207-48; Bleakley and Führer, “Shifts in the Beveridge Curve,”
1997, pp. 3-19; and Petrongolo and Pissarides, “Looking into the Black
Box,” 2001, pp. 390-431.
12 Abraham and Katz, “Cyclical Unemployment,” 1986, pp. 50722; and Blanchard and Diamond, “The Beveridge Curve,” 1989, pp. 176.
13 For more details, see Abraham, “Help-Wanted Advertising,”
1987, pp. 207-48; Blanchard and Diamond “The Beveridge Curve,”
1989, pp. 1-76; and Bleakley and Führer, “Shifts in the Beveridge
Curve,” 1997, pp. 3-19.
14 Abraham, “Help-Wanted Advertising,” 1987, pp. 207-48.
15 Abraham, “Help-Wanted Advertising,” 1987; and Blanchard and
Diamond, “The Cyclical Behavior o f Gross Flows o f Workers in the
U.S.,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, no. 2, 1990, pp. 85-155.
16 Fallick and Fleischman, “The Importance o f Employer-to-Employer Flows,” 2001.
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
37
Commentary
Why the “average a g e of retirement”
is a misleading measure of labor supply
Richard Johnson
oth Murray Gendell, in a recent Monthly Labor Review
article, and Sveinbjôm Blondal and Stefano Scarpetta, in
a working paper for the Organization for Economic Coopera
tion and Development ( oecd ), construct “average ages of re
tirement” as functions of age-specific labor force participation
rates and the age structure of the population.1 The formula
Blondal and Scarpetta use to construct their “average retire
ment age” has the unfortunate property that, under simple
assumptions, if the curve of participation rate versus age
slopes down linearly between ages 45 and 70 (that is, labor
force participation rate = (m * age) + c), then the average age of
retirement is always the midpoint 57.5, for any m or c, unless m
= 0, in which case the average age of retirement is undefined.
Thus, quoting the average age of retirement produced by this
formula may not convey any information about m or c, param
eters affecting the size of the labor supply. If, by contrast, the
curve of labor force participation rate versus age schedule is
everywhere nonlinear, we can construct examples in which
labor force participation rates rise at all ages, but the average
age of retirement falls. This property of the “average-retire
ment-age” function has been noticed by Cordelia Reimers and
Gendell, who each conclude that the surprising behavior of
the average age of retirement makes it a statistic of independ
ent interest.2 The analysis that follows leads to the conclu
sion that if the average age of retirement is constructed with
either Blondal and Scarpetta’s formula or any essentially simi
lar formula, then quoting it as a summary statistic of the labor
supply may be misleading, because it might be thought to
convey information that it does not in fact convey. The labor
force participation rate of the total population is then a prefer
able statistic for summarizing labor supply behavior.
The next section of this article defines the average age of
retirement and examines its behavior. In the case of two-piece
linear age-versus-participation-rate curves, it is shown that
the average age of retirement is always the age halfway along
the downward-sloping segment of the curve. If participation
rates are examined not cross-sectionally at one point in time,
but within cohorts over time, again cases can be constructed
in which the average age of retirement is fixed regardless of the
B
Richard Johnson is an economist in the Research Division, Federal
Reserve Bank o f Kansas City.
38
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
rate of decline of participation rates within cohorts. In the
case of nonlinear age-versus-participation-rate curves, ex
amples are constructed wherein the average age of retirement
falls while labor force participation rates rise at all ages or,
alternatively, fall at all ages. The examples are empirically rel
evant, showing that the average age of retirement for men as
well as for women in the United States fell between 1960 and
2000, while labor force participation rates for men fell at all
ages and those for women rose at all ages. Therefore, it is
often not clear what the statement “the average age of retire
ment has fallen” implies about changes in the labor supply.
Accordingly, one must be careful in quoting the average
age of retirement to summarize labor supply behavior. In cases
where the average age is by definition 57.5, the associated
function transforms labor force participation rates in such a
way as to discard all the information they contain. Thus, quot
ing instead the labor force participation rate of the total popu
lation would transmit that information.
The “a v e ra g e a g e of re tirem e n t”
Reimers quotes the formula3
1
R
~
jc=35
K+i // *=%
{p*x+i - P R x )l x+l
35
X + — (PR x+l - P R
2
where XR is the average age of retirement, x is age in years,
labor force participation rate at age x, and Px+l is the
number of people aged x + l . 4 Blondal and Scarpetta use a
similar formula devised by Denis Latulippe:5
PRx is the
2 3 .3 5 ( p / ? 4 j 4 9 - P R ^ 4 4 V 4 0 , 4 4 +
—
X
E
( P R x + 5 ,x + 9 ~ P R x ,x + 4 X x + 5 K ,
jc+
4
jc= 4 5 ,5 0 ...
r
= ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------60------------------------------------------------------------------------------° Â P R 4 5 ,4 9 _ ™ 4 0 ,4 4 K
o
,4 4 +
S
( PR
* = 4 5 ,5 0 ...
jc+
5 ,* + 9 ~ P R x ,x + 4 \ x , x + 4
Here, the subscript x,x+4 refers to the population or the labor
force participation rate of people aged between x and x + 5.
Both Gendell alone and Gendell and Siegel quote average ages
of retirement that are constructed by using a different for
mula.6 However, because none of Gendell’s works cited herein
offers a full explanation of this formula,7only the properties of
Latulippe's formula can be examined.
Some simplifying assumptions will reveal the essential
properties of this formula. First, assume that PÆ4044= TÆ4549.
Then the leftmost terms in the numerator and denominator are
zero, and the formula is nearly identical to Reimers' formula.
Also, assume that the number of people in each age group,
Pxx+4, is k, the same across all age groups. Then the numerator
and denominator of Latulippe's formula have the common fac
tor k, which cancels out. Finally, assume that participation
rates in the age groups 45-^19 through 65-69 decline linearly
with age, so that PRxx+4= mx + c, where m < 0. Now Latulippe's
formula reads
x=60
I
\P R
x ,x + 4
* = 4 5 ,5 0 ,...
X .
Xx+5)
!
[P R
5m + 5m + 5m + 5m I
* ,* + 4
5 ,* + 9 )
Labor participation rate (percent)
Age
4 0 - 4 4 .................................................
4 5 - 4 9 .................................................
5 0 - 5 4 .................................................
5 5 - 5 9 .................................................
6 0 - 6 4 .................................................
65 a n d o l d e r .........................................
A v e ra g e a g e o f re tire m e n t,
fro m L a tu lip p e 's f o r m u la ................
L a b o r p a rtic ip a tio n
ra te o f p o p u la tio n
16 y e a rs a n d o ld e r ..........................
• = 5 7 .5
I
L ab o r p a r tic ip a tio n ra te s a n d a v e r a g e a g e s
o f re tire m e n t
Women
Men
1960
2000
1960
2000
954
9 4.5
9 2.0
8 7.7
4 5 .3
4 7 .4
4 5 .9
7 8 .7
7 7 .8
3 0.6
92.1
90.1
8 6 .8
77.1
5 4.8
17.5
4 9 .7
2 9 .4
10.4
6 1 .2
40.1
9 .4
6 6 .0
6 3 .6
6 4 .7
6 2 .4
8 0.4
7 4 .7
3 5.7
6 0 .2
79.1
74.1
5 m l 5 0 + 55 + 6 0 + 6 5 ,
=
*=65
Table 2.
S
o u rces:
U .S . C e n s u s o f 1 960; C u rre n t P o p u la tio n S u rv e y fo r 2 0 0 0 .
^
* = 4 5 ,5 0 ,...
Here, c drops out because the formula examines changes in
participation rates, and m drops out because it is a factor in
both the numerator and denominator. This “average-age-ofretiremenf ’ function has thrown away the information con
tained in m and c. Blôndal and Scarpetta use the participation
rate for people aged 65 and older where Latulippe's formula
calls for the participation rate of people aged 65 to 69. Under
Blôndal and Scarpetta's approach, if we assume that the par
ticipation rate at age 65 or older follows the downward trend
from age 45-49 on, again we would have the result that the
average age of retirement is 57.5 regardless of m and c.
Thus far, the analysis has been cross sectional and has
employed only participation rates observed in the same year.
Gendell, instead, uses a cohort-based approach, comparing,
for example, «?4549(1990) with ^ 4044(1985)to find the average age
of retirement between 1985 and 1990. If this approach is used
in Latulippe's formula with the same assumptions as before,
but with the stipulation that ^ x+5>x+9(1990) - ™x>x+4(1985) - c, then
the average age of retirement is 57.5 whenever c is different
from zero, regardless of the participation rates in 1985, and is
%
E x a m p le s of th e a v e r a g e a g e o f re tire m e n t
Labor participation rate (percent)
Age
Population
4 0 - 4 4 ....................................
4 5 - 4 9 ....................................
5 0 - 5 4 ....................................
5 5 - 5 9 ....................................
6 0 - 6 4 ....................................
6 5 a n d o l d e r .............................
A v e ra g e a g e o f re tire m e n t,
fro m L a tu lip p e 's f o r m u la .....
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A
B
C
100
100
100
100
10
10
10
10
90
90
50
30
100
100
0
0
10
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
60
55
55
undefined when c equals zero. Thus, the average age of retire
ment could also be fixed, regardless of any decline in the labor
force participation rate within cohorts over time.
Now consider the behavior of the average age of retire
ment when participation rates decline nonlinearly with age.
Table 1 shows three fictional populations, each with 100
people in each age bracket defined in the first column. Popu
lation A has a higher average age of retirement than popula
tion B, according to Latulippe's formula, while B has higher
participation rates at all ages. Reimers shows that her formula
can give the same result.8Population C has the same average
age of retirement as B, but lower participation rates than either
A or B. Hence, in this example, knowing that the average age
of retirement had fallen from 60 to 55 would tell us nothing
about movements in labor force participation rates.
Next, table 2 applies Latulippe's formula for the average
age of retirement to actual U.S. data for 1960 and 2000. Calcu
lating the average age of retirement requires both the partici
pation rates shown and age breakdowns of the population.
The average retirement age for men fell by 2.4 years from 1960
to 2000. During the same period, the labor force participation
rate of men aged 16 and older dropped by 7 percent. The
average retirement age for women fell by an amount similar to
that of men, 2.3 years. However, the labor force participation
rate of U.S. women aged 16 and older rose by almost 70 per
cent between 1960 and 2000. Women’s participation rates were
higher in 2000 than in 1960 at ages 60-64, 65-69, and 70-74,
although they were lower at ages 75 and older. Thus, there are
empirical cases, particularly involving women, in which partici
pation rates rise at all ages, but the average age of retirement
falls. In their table II. 1, Blôndal and Scarpetta show that the
average retirement age for women fell in all o e c d countries be
tween 1950 and 1995.9Table 2 shows that it is not possible to
infer from this fact anything about the movement of women’s
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
39
C o m m e n ta ry
labor force participation rates or the overall change in the
labor supply of women.
B e c a u s e t h e f u n c t i o n u s e d b y B l ô n d a l a n d S c a r p e t t a to
transform labor force participation rates into the average age
of retirement has unfortunate properties, the average age of
retirement may not be a useful statistic as a summary of labor
supply data. In those cases where the average age of retire
ment is fixed regardless of movements in the curve of age
versus labor force participation rate, the statistic indeed con
veys no information. Further, the statement “the average age
of retirement has fallen” may be interpreted as implying that
the overall rate of labor supply has fallen, which might, but
need not be, the case. Other formulas, of course, behave dif
ferently, but if they are based on Blôndal and Scarpetta’s for
mula, they, too, may have undesirable properties. The partici
pation rate of the total population gives a better sense of the
size of the labor force and is thus preferable to the average
age of retirement as a summary statistic.
□
Notes
c k n o w led g m en t:
I am grateful for the research assistance o f Jonathan
Coming. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views o f the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
or the Federal Reserve System.
A
1 Murray Gendell, “Retirement age declines again in 1990s,” Monthly
Labor Review, October 2001, pp. 12-21; SveinbjOrn BlOndal and
Stefano Scarpetta, The Retirement Decision in o e c d Countries, o e c d
Aging Working Paper 1.4 (Geneva, Organization for Economic Coop
eration and Development, 1998). The latter paper is on the Internet at
www. oecd.org/subj ect/ageing/awp 1_4e.pdf.
2 Cordelia Reimers, “Is the Average Age at Retirement Changing?”
Journal o f the American Statistical Association, September 1976, pp.
552-57; Gendell, “Retirement age declines.”
3 Reimers, “Is the Average Age at Retirement Changing?” p. 553.
4 Reimers describes age 35 as “the peak o f labor-force participa
tion,” although she gives no argument as to why the formula should
truncate the labor supply at that age.
5 BlOndal and Scarpetta, Retirement Decision, p. 54; Denis Latulippe,
Effective Retirement Age and Duration o f Retirement in the Industrial
Countries between 1950-1990 (Geneva, International Labor Organi
zation, 1996). The truncation o f the age distribution at 40 years is
40
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D e c e m b e r 2001
arbitrary, but seems calculated to ensure that the factor PRX2- PR34 is
positive. Gendell and Jacob S. Siegel report that, in calculating the
average age o f retirement, when they found such a term to be negative,
they set it to zero. (See Murray Gendell and Jacob S. Siegel, “Trends in
retirement age by sex, 1950-2005,” Monthly Labor Review, July 1992,
pp. 2 2-29.)
6 Murray Gendell, “Trends in Retirement Age in Four Countries,
1965-95,” Monthly Labor Review, November 1998, pp. 2 0 -30, and
“Retirement age declines”; Gendell and Siegel, “Trends in retirement
age by sex.”
7 G endell’s formula for the average age o f retirement uses the
“Karup-King third difference method for osculatory interpolation.”
All three o f Gendell’s works referred to in the current article cite a
textbook as the source o f this formula, but exactly how Gendell applies
the formula is not explained.
8 Reimers, “Is the Average Age at Retirement Changing?”
9 BlOndal and Scarpetta, Retirement Decision. Similarly, Gendell
and Siegel find that the average retirement age o f women has fallen
steadily in the United States since 1950, despite rising labor force
participation rates for women. (See Gendell and Siegel, “Trends in
retirement age by sex.”)
A t issue...
Which earnings group was affected by the slowing econom y ?
’he labor market weakened consid
erably between late 2000 and the
third quarter of 2001. Overall employ
ment growth slowed, large job losses
occurred in manufacturing, and the un
employment rate rose by 0.8 percentage
point, from 4.0 to 4.8 percent. (See chart
below.) The data presented herein do not
reflect the impact of the terrorist attacks
o f September 11. The labor market
clearly had been weakening before the
attacks, and those events exacerbated
this weakness.
Even prior to the events of Septem
ber 11, questions had arisen as to who had
been adversely affected to the greatest
degree. There is little doubt that many
workers in manufacturing and related in
dustries had lost jobs, and that those
losses affected every major demographic
group. But, were higher paid, highly
skilled individuals affected to a greater ex
tent than lower paid, less skilled workers?
Data from the Current Population
Survey indicate that, between third-quar
ter 2000 and third-quarter 2001, net em
ployment declined only among job cat
egories with mid-level earnings, largely
reflecting the job losses in manufactur
ing. In the third quarter o f2001, employ
ment also declined substantially in
higher paid job categories. These find
ings are based on employment changes
of occupation-industry categories that
have been subdivided by their relative
earnings into highest, middle, and low
est earnings groups.1
T
groups. (See chart p. 42.) In the third
quarter of 2001, however, employment
among higher paid workers fell by about
half a million. Virtually all of the highpaying managerial and professional oc
cupations are concentrated in this group.
The highest earnings group also includes
technical occupations in a variety of in
dustries as well. Those most severely af
fected by the recent employment decline
in the highest earnings group include
managers in manufacturing and sales
representatives in wholesale trade and
in finance, insurance, and real estate.
Middle earnings group. Employment in
the middle earnings group had shown
little net change during 1998 and 1999;
it rose slightly from early to mid-2000.
Since the third quarter o f2000, however,
employment in the middle earnings
group has trended downward, falling by
about 900,000. Much of the employment
decline in the middle earnings group can
be linked to substantial job losses among
operators, fabricators, and laborers, as
well as among skilled production work
ers and clerical personnel in manufac
turing.
Lowest earnings group. Employment in
the lowest earnings group had generally
trended upward in recent years, but has
shown no clear trend since the fourth
quarter of 2000. Sales and service oc
cupations in retail trade and clerical and
service occupations in the services in
dustry account for a disproportionate
share of employment in the lowest earn
ings group, and some erratic month-tomonth movements have occurred in
those job categories recently.
High earnings group. In recent years,
employment in the highest earnings
group has generally trended upward, and
employment gains have far surpassed
those in either of the other two earnings
This report was prepared by Randy E. Ilg o f the
Office of Employment and Unemployment Sta
tistics, Bureau o f Labor Statistics, and is based on
Issues in Labor Statistics, (BLS Summary 01-05).
E-mail: ilg_r@bls.gov
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
41
I n s u m , employment has declined in the
N o te
highest earnings group since the second
quarter of this year. In the middle earn
ings group, job losses have been con
tinuous from last year and total about
twice those in the highest earnings group.
For both earnings groups, much of the
employment decline appears to be asso
ciated with the downturn in manufactur
ing that began in mid-2000.
1For a more detailed description of this
methodology, see Randy E. Ilg, “The nature
of employment growth, 1989-95,” Monthly
Labor Review, June 1996, pp. 29-36. Fol
lowing methods employed earlier by Ilg,
major occupation-industry pairs (such as
professionals in manufacturing) were ranked
in descending order by their median weekly
earnings in 1996. The categories were then
42 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
divided into three groups—highest, middle,
and lowest earnings—each o f which ac
counted for approximately one-third of em
ployment in 1996. An employment time se
ries for each occupation-industry category
from January 1996 through September 2001
was developed, and data for the job catego
ries were sorted into the appropriate earn
ings groups.
Précis
NBER: expansion
ended in March
The National Bureau of Economic Re
search (NBER) Business Cycle Dating
Com m ittee, a group o f six distin
guished academics, determined that a
peak in U.S. business activity oc
curred in March 2001. The committee
exam ined a range o f broad-based
monthly economic indicators to sup
port their designation.
The broadest m onthly indicator
was nonfarm payroll employment. In
addition, the committee refers to two
in d icato rs h eav ily in flu en ced by
manufacturing: industrial production
and real sales o f the manufacturing
and trade sectors. The committee also
used another monthly indicator o f
economy-wide activity, personal in
come less transfer payments, in real
terms.
According to the n b e r announce
ment, “Employment reached a peak in
M arch 2001 and declined su b se
quently. The figure for October is the
first to reflect the effects o f the Sep
tember 11 attacks. Through October,
the decline in employment has been
similar to the average over the first 7
months o f recessions. The cumulative
decline is now about 0.7 percent,
about two-thirds o f the total decline
in the average recession.”
The announcement continued, “A
peak [in industrial production] occurred
in September 2000, and the index de
clined over the next 12 months by close
to 6 percent, surpassing the average
decline in the earlier recessions of 4.6
percent.” The measure of real manufac
turing and trade sales peaked almost a
year before the NBER report was re
leased in November, while the measure
of real personal income less transfers
had not yet reached a peak and had con
tinued to rise.
The NBER is a private, nonprofit,
nonpartisan research organization
dedicated to promoting a greater un
d erstan d in g o f how the econom y
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
works. Our research is conducted by
more than 600 university professors
around the country, including the
members of the Business Cycle Dat
ing Committee.
Old dogs and
new tricks
In the long, just-ended expansion of the
1990s, the unemployment rate went from
a high of 7.8 percent in mid-1992 to a low
o f 3.9 percent in the early autumn of
2000. Abbigail J. Chiodo and Michael Y.
Owyang explore what lay behind the
decade’s ability to “continually reduce
unemployment without succumbing to
inflationary pressures” in an article in
the October issue o f The Regional
Economist from the Federal Reserve
Bank of St. Louis. They propose two
basic forces influencing the trend: the
new tricks of technological innovation
and the increasing labor force share of
the mature, job-stable old dogs of the
baby-boom generation.
A fter regressing the unem ploy
ment rate on median age of the labor
force, the level of technology lagged
15 years, and the current rate of tech
nological innovation as measured by
p aten t ap p lic a tio n s, C hiodo and
Owyang were able to decompose the
3.5-percentage point decline in annual
av erag e unem p lo y m en t betw een
1992-2000. Their results indicated
that 1.8 percentage points could be
associated with the rise in the median
age of the labor force and that histori
cal technological changes accounted
for 1.6 percentage points of the de
cline. Offsetting these was a 2.1 -per
centage point increase that could be
attributed to the current rate o f tech
nological innovation. Thus, they con
clude, “past improvements in technol
ogy and the rising median age o f the
labor force have played roughly simi
lar roles in reducing the unemploy
ment rate between 1992 and 2000.”
Why use so many
statistics?
Economists have always been almost in
satiable in their appetite for numbers. In
fact, in the February 1976 issue of this
Review, BLS C om m issioner Julius
Shiskin urged analysts to consume both
“the doughnut and the hole” of employ
ment and unemployment data as he in
troduced an array o f new measures.
Sharon Kozicki, writing in the Economic
Review published by the Federal Re
serve Bank of Kansas City, gives us
more empirical evidence of why it is gen
erally a good idea to look at more than
one economic indicator.
Kozicki’s interest was in finding an
indicator that would reliably predict in
flation under a broad range of economic
conditions and varying economic struc
tures. To attempt this, she evaluated 20
interest rate, money, foreign exchange,
unemployment and output measures us
ing the root mean square errors (RMSE)
of their inflation forecasts as a criterion
and the naïve forecast of unchanged in
flation as a benchmark. She found that
no single indicator works best in all 11
countries she included in the study.
“Furthermore,” she reported, “indicators
that perform well in some countries of
ten perform poorly in others.”
Based on this finding, and that only
one indicator provided even a small aver
age improvement over the naïve forecast,
Kozicki suggests using GDP growth, ex
change rates, and changes in unemploy
ment rates to provide forecasts that are
reliable and have lower RMSE than the
naive forecast. “In fact,” says Kozicki,
“monitoring signals from a wide range of
indicators is likely worthwhile precisely
because most indicators were good pre
dictors of inflation in at least one eco
nomic environment. Differences across
countries in economic structure, eco
nomic experiences, and monetary policy
procedures may help explain why in a
given period an indicator might predict
inflation well in some countries but be
largely useless in others.”
□
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
43
B o o k R e v ie w s
B ig -tim e sports
The Economics o f Sports. Edited by
William S. Kern, Kalamazoo, Ml, W.E.
Upjohn Institute for Employment Re
search,2000. 130 pp. $33, cloth; $14,
paper.
Webster s Seventh New Collegiate Dic
tionary defines sport as “a physical ac
tivity engaged in for pleasure,” but popu
lar professional sports have turned
these recreational activities into an in
dustry. As William Kern notes in his in
troduction to The Economics of Sports,
in today’s newspapers “you are as likely
to find that discussions of the economic
aspects of sports occupy as much space
as do the results of the games.” It is on
this basis that Dr. Kern compiled a se
ries of six papers derived from a lecture
series at Western Michigan University
during the 1998-99 school year. Essays
include discussions of the role of mo
nopolies in sports, the effects of sports
on regional economies, the profitability
of sport franchises, and even one paper
on pay discrimination among players
based on race.
At the professional level, sports fran
chises are unique among American busi
nesses for several reasons. By defini
tion, teams both compete and cooperate
within the boundaries o f a defined
league. While individual teams strive to
dominate their league, successful domi
nation leads to diminished competition.
Unlike most monopolies, it is not clear
that it is in a team’s interest to so totally
dominate a league as to eliminate all pos
sible competition. Such domination can
lead to lower revenues as fans tire of
watching noncompetitive events. It is
in the economic interest of teams to bal
ance competition as a way of maximizing
revenue, while still appearing to strive
for victory every year. This is the sub
je c t o f Rodney F o rt’s and Andrew
Zimbalist’s essays. While looking at dif
ferent issues, both come to the conclu
sion that professional sport leagues
should be broken up to encourage more
44 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
competition. Both authors advocate a
legislative solution, but these seem un
likely solutions because it is unclear if
fans want more government intervention
in their sports teams. Unfortunately,
neither author addresses these concerns
in their essay.
Sport franchises also are unique in
the psychological impact they can have
on a host organization, whether that
group represents a city or a university.
Leaders will often argue that obtaining a
sport franchise boosts the status of the
host organization and lead to greater
economic payoff, while losing an exist
ing franchise will have the opposite ef
fect. City leaders will commit a variety
of subsidies to obtain a new franchise
and to avoid losing a present one". Uni
versity presidents argue that their teams
actually provide subsidies to other non
revenue sports and to academic pro
grams. Robert Baade, John Siegfried, and
Timothy Peterson look at the issues of
subsidies and the role of sports in eco
nomic development in their essays, while
Richard Sheehan addresses similar is
sues in college sports. Because measur
ing intangibles such as increased pride
and recognition are difficult, the authors
confine themselves to a discussion of
cost-benefit analysis based on measur
able data. In the end, all of the authors
conclude that teams have less economic
value to both cities and universities than
many of their most adamant boosters
would like to admit.
The final essay diverges from all of
the previous essays by not discussing
monopolistic power or economic pay
offs, but rather focuses on racial dis
crimination in sports. Looking at sala
ries, hiring, and retention practices,
Lawrence Kahn uses economic data to
examine the role of race in the “big three”
of professional sports — baseball, foot
ball, and basketball. He concludes that
while salary discrimination has largely
been eliminated in these sports, the data
indicates that there may still be discrimi
natory policies in the hiring and reten
tion of minority players.
December 2001
Each of the six essays could make for
an interesting journal article, and all of
the articles eschew academic language,
thus making them readable for the
noneconomist. Unfortunately, except
for focusing on sports as a common sub
ject, the parts do not add up to a whole
book. At the end, the reader of this rather
short book finds that the book covers
too broad a subject in too few pages. In
total, the essays offer neither the depth
of discussion on a single topic, nor the
breadth of coverage of all of sports. For
instance, while the title proports to dis
cuss the entire sports industry, most of
its focus is on baseball, football, and
basketball. While these three sports rep
resent the largest segments of the sport
ing industry, they also represent a de
clining share of the total sports dollar.
NASCAR fans will find no mention of their
sport, nor will fans of other sports, such
as those included in Olympic competi
tion. Readers interested in a single sport
will want to go beyond these essays to
learn more, while those interested in a
general survey of the industry will have
to do the same.
— Michael Wald
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Atlanta Region
Publications Received
Economic and social statistics
OECD in Figures, 2001 edition: Statistics
on the Member Countries. Paris, OECD
Publications, May 2001, 95 pp.
Israel Central Bureau o f Statistics, Monthly
Bulletin o f Statistics. Jerusalem, March
2001, 156 pp.
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Monthly
Bulletin o f Statistics. Jerusalem, May
2001, 160 pp.
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Monthly
Bulletin o f Statistics. Jerusalem, July
2001, 160 pp.
Economic growth
and development
Gordon, Lincoln, Brazil s Second Chance:
En Route toward the First World. Wash
ington, DC, Brookings Institution Press,
2001, 243 pp.
Perdikis, Nicholas, ed., The Indian Economy:
Contemporary Issues. Burlington, VT,
Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2000, 166
pp. $69.95.
Scherer, F.M., Competition Policy,Domestic
and International. Northampton, MA,
Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000, 445 pp.
$ 110.
Zhou, Jian-Ming, Sustainable Development
in Asia, America and Europe with Global
Applications: A New Aproach to Land
Ownership. Northampton, MA, Edward
Elgar Publishing, 2001, 518 pp. $120.
Industrial relations
Blackard, Kirk, M anaging Change in a
Unionized Workplace: Countervailing
Collaboration. Westport, CT, Quorum
Books, 2001, 256 pp. $65.
Briggs Jr., Vernon M., Immigration and
American Unionism. Ithaca, NY, Cornell
University Press, 2001, 213 pp. $16.95,
paper, $37.50, cloth.
D anielson, Ryan J., Cross-Training at
Peace River Pulp: A Case Study. Kingston,
ON, IRC Press, 2000, 18 pp.
Kudshi-Zadeh, Chantalle Bita, E-mail in
the Workplace: The Potential fo r In
creased E m ployee P articipation.
Kingston, ON, IRC Press, 2000, 15 pp.
K um ar, P radeep, R ethinking High
Performance Work Systems. Kingston,
ON, IRC Press, 2000, 20 pp.
T urner, L ow ell, H arry C. K atz, and
Richard W. Hurd, eds., Rekindling the
Movement: Labor s Quest fo r Relevance
in the 21st Century. Ithaca, NY, and Lon
don, ILR Press/Comell University Press,
2001, 402 pp., $45 cloth/$ 19.95 paper.
International economics
A uer, P eter (ed.), C hanging L abour
Markets in Europe: The Role o f Institu
tions and Policies. Geneva, International
Labour Office, 2001, 254 pp.
Onnee-Abbruciati, Marie-Laure, Christine
Fernandes, and Martin Hutsebaut, Social
Protection o f Civil Servants in Europe.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Brussels, Belgium, CSE Développement
and European Trade Union Institute,
2000, 289 pp.
International Training Programs in Labor
Statistics, 2001. U.S. Department of Labor/Bureau o f Labor Statistics/Intemational Labor Statistics Center, 2001, 19
pp.
Salazar-Xirinachs, José M. and Maryse
Robert, eds., Toward Free Trade in the
Americas. Washington, DC, Brookings
Institution Press, 2001, 334 pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, The Competitiveness Chal
lenge: Transnational Corporations and
Industrial Restructuring in Developing
Countries. United Nations, New York
and Geneva, 2000, 265 pp.
States. Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn
Institute for Employm ent Research,
2001, 177 pp.
Labor force
Bartik, Timothy J., Jobs fo r the Poor: Can
Labor Demand Policies Help? New York,
Russell Sage Foundation, 2001, 475 pp.
$17.95.
Berg, Ivar, and Arne L. Kalleberg, eds.,
Sourcebook o f Labor Markets: Evolving
Structures and Processes. New York,
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,
2001, 764 pp.
Bernhardt, Annette, Martina Morris, Mark
S. Handcock, and Marc A. Scott, Diver
gent Paths: Economic Mobility in the New
American Labor Market. New York,
Russell Sage Foundation, 2001, 267pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, FDI Determinants and
TNC Strategies: The Case o f Brazil.
United Nations, New York and Geneva,
2000, 180 pp.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Geographic Pro
file o f Employment and Unemployment,
1999. Washington, DC, June 2001, Bul
letin 2537, 159 pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, Investment Policy Review:
Peru. United Nations, New York and
Geneva, 2000, 101 pp.
Freeman, Richard B. and Peter Gottschalk,
eds., Generating Jobs: How to Increase
Demand fo r Less-skilled Workers. New
York, Russell Sage Foundation, 2000,336
pp. $16.95/softcover.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
D evelopm ent, M easures o f the
Transnationalization o f Economic Activ
ity. United Nations, New York and
Geneva, 2001, 93 pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, The Role o f P ublicly
Funded Research and Publicly Owned
Technologies in the Transfer and Diffu
sion o f Environmentally Sound Technolo
gies. United Nations, New York and
Geneva, 2000, 433 pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, World Investment Direc
tory Volume VII-Part 1: Asia and the
Pacific. United Nations, New York and
Geneva, 2000, 332 pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, World Investment Direc
tory Volume VII-Part 2: Asia and the
Pacific. United Nations, New York and
Geneva, 2000, 305 pp.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, World Investment Report:
Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions
and Development. United Nations, New
York and Geneva, 2000, 337 pp.
Wever, Kirsten S., ed., Labor, Business,
and Change in Germany and the United
U.S. Department of Labor, Report on the
American Workforce. Washington, DC,
2001, 204 pp.
Management and organization
theory
Chalmers, Lee V., Marketing Masculinities:
Gender And Management Politics in Mar
keting Work. Westport, CT, Greenwood
Press, 2001, 194 pp. $62.50.
Van Den Bergh, Nan, ed., Emerging Trends
forEaps in the 21st Century. Binghamton,
NY, The Haworth Press, 2001, 145 pp.
$49.95 hard copy/$24.95 soft copy.
Productivity and technological
change
Basu, Susanto, John G. Fernald, and
M atthew D. S hapiro, P ro d u ctivity
Growth in the 1990s: Technology, Utili
zation, or Adjustment? Cambridge, MA,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
Inc., 2001, 59 pp. (Working Paper 8359)
$10 per copy, plus $10 for postage and
handling outside the United States.
Galenson, David W. and Robert Jensen,
Young Geniuses and Old Masters: The
Life Cycles o f Great Artistsfrom Masaccio
M o n th ly L a b o r
Review
December 2001
45
Book Reviews
to Jasper Johns. Cambridge, MA, Na
tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,
2001, 42 pp. (Working Paper 8368) $10
per copy, plus $10 for postage and han
dling outside the United States.
ers? Cambridge, MA, National Bureau o f
Economic Research, Inc., 2001, 27 pp.
(Working Paper 8393) $ 10 per copy, plus
$10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Research, Inc., 67 pp. (Working Paper
8229.) $10 per copy, plus $10 for post
age and handling outside the United
States.
Goolsbee, Austan and Amil Petrin, The
Consumer Gains from Direct Broadcast
Satellites and the Competition with Cable
Television. Cambridge, MA, National Bu
reau of Economic Research, Inc., 2001,
39 pp. (Working Paper 8317) $10 per
copy, plus $10 for postage and handling
outside the United States.
Turner, John A., ed., Pay at Risk:
Compensation and Employment Risk In
the U nited States and Canada.
Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn Institute
for Employment Research 2001,211 pp.
Mitchell, Olivia S. and Edwin C. Hustead,
eds., Pensions in the Public Sector. Phila
delphia, U niversity o f Pennsylvania
Press, 2001, 44 pp. (Working Paper
8152.) $10 per copy, plus $10 for post
age and handling outside the United
States.
Johnson, D aniel K. and D avid Popp,
Forced Out o f the Closet: The Impact o f
the American Inventors Protection Act on
the Timing o f Patent Disclosure. Cam
bridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc., 2001, 37 pp. (Working
Paper 8374) $10 per copy, plus $10 for
postage and handling outside the United
States.
Social institutions and
social change
G aricano, Luis, Ignacio Palacios, and
Canice Prendergast, Favoritism Under
Social Pressure. Cambridge, MA, Na
tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,
2001, 23 pp. (Working Paper 8376.) $10
per copy, plus $10 for postage and han
dling outside the United States.
Wages and compensation
Caruth, Donald L. and Gail D. Handlogten,
Managing Compensation (and Under
standing It Too). Westport, CT, Green
wood Press, 2001, 280 pp. $65.
Neumark, David, Living Wages: Protection
fo r or Protection from Low-Wage Work
46
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Welfare programs and
social insurance
Fung, Archon, Tessa Hebb and Joel Rogers,
eds., Working Capitol: The Power o f
Labor’s Pensions. Ithaca, NY, Cornell
University Press, 2001, 273 pp. $35.
Thomason, Terry, Timothy P. Schmidle
and John F. Burton, Jr., Workers ’ Com
pensation: Benefits, Costs and Safety un
der A Iternative Insurance Arrangements.
Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn Institute
for Employment Research, 2001,457 pp.
Zhou, H uizhong, ed., The P o litica l
Econom y o f H ealth Care Reforms.
Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn Institute
for Employment Research, 2001,163 pp.
Worker training and
development
Gruber, Jonathan and David Wise, An
International Perspective on Policiesfo r
an Aging Society. Cambridge, MA, Na
tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,
2001,32 pp. (Working Paper 8103.) $10
per copy, plus $10 for postage and han
dling outside the United States.
G ustm an, A llan L. and Thom as L.
Steinmeier, Retirement and Wealth. Cam
bridge, MA National Bureau of Economic
December 2001
N eum ark, D avid, Age D iscrim ination
Legislation in the United States. Cam
bridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc., 2001, 44 pp. (Working
Paper 8152.) $10 per copy, plus $10 for
postage and handling outside the United
States.
Peck, Jamie, Worlforce States. New York,
Guilford Press, 2001, 414 pp. $45, cloth;
$25 paper.
Tracy, Brian, Focal Point: A Proven
System to Simplify Your Life, Double Your
Productivity, and Achieve All Your Goals.
New York, Amacom, 2001, 224 pp.
$21.95.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employee
Benefits in State and Local Governments,
1998. Washington, 2000,'Bulletin 2531.
127 pp. Stock No. 029-001-03368-1.
$18. For sale by the Superintendent of
Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washing
ton, DC 20402-9328.
U.S. Social S ecurity A dm inistration,
Annual Statistical Supplement, 2000.
Washington, 2000, SSA Publication 1311700, 366 pp. Stock No. 7 5 3 -0 0 1 00022-1. $35. For sale by the Superin
tendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP,
Washington, DC 20402-9328.
C u rre n t L a b o r S tatistics
N otes on lab o r statistics
48
C o m p a ra tiv e indicators
1. Labor market indicators......................................................
2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in
compensation, prices, and productivity.......................
3. Alternative measures of wages and
compensation changes.....................................................
58
Labor co m p e n s a tio n a n d c o lle c tiv e
barg ain ing d a ta — co n tin u ed
26. Participants in benefits plans, small firms
and government................................................................ 81
27. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or m o re...........82
59
59
Price d a ta
28. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average, by expenditure
Labor fo rc e d a ta
4. Employment status of the population,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
5. Selected employment indicators,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
6. Selected unemployment indicators,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
7. Duration of unemployment,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
9. Unemployment rates by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted.........................................................
10. Unemployment rates by States,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
11. Employment of workers by States,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
12. Employment of workers by industry,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
13. Average weekly hours by industry,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
14. Average hourly earnings by industry,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
15. Average hourly earnings by industry.................................
16. Average weekly earnings by industry................................
17. Diffusion indexes of employment change,
seasonally adjusted..........................................................
18. Annual data: Employment status of the population.......
19. Annual data: Employment levels by industry..................
20. Annual data: Average hours
and earnings levels by industry......................................
60
61
62
63
63
64
65
65
66
68
69
70
71
72
73
73
74
Labor c o m p e n s a tio n a n d c o lle c tiv e
b a rg a in in g d a ta
21. Employment Cost Index, compensation,
by occupation and industry group.................................
22. Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries,
by occupation and industry group.................................
23. Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry
workers, by occupation and industry group.................
24. Employment Cost Index, private nonfarm workers,
by bargaining status, region, and area s iz e ....................
25. Participants in benefit plans, medium and large firm s.....
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
category and commodity and service groups.............. 83
29. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average and
local data, all items......................................................86
30. Annual data: Consumer Price Index, all items
and major groups........................................................ 87
31. Producer Price Indexes by stage of processing................ 88
32. Producer Price Indexes for the net output of major
industry groups.......................................................... 89
33. Annual data: Producer Price Indexes
by stage of processing.................................................90
34. U.S. export price indexes by Standard International
Trade Classification....................................................91
35. U.S. import price indexes by Standard International
Trade Classification....................................................92
36. U.S. export price indexes by end-use category.................93
37. U.S. import price indexesby end-use category................ 94
38. U.S.intemational price indexes for selected
categories of services...................................................94
75
77
Productivity d a ta
39. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation,
and unit costs, data seasonally adjusted.........................95
40. Annual indexes of multifactor productivity........................96
41. Annual indexes of productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and p rices........................................................97
42. Annual indexes of output per hour for selected
industries............................................................................98
International com parisons d a ta
43. Unemployment rates in nine countries,
data seasonally adjusted....................................................101
44. Annual data: Employment status of the civilian
working-age population, 10 countries..............................102
45. Annual indexes of productivity and related measures,
12 countries........................................................................ 103
Injury a n d illness d a ta
78
79
80
46. Annual data: Occupational injury and illness
incidence rates.................................................................. 104
47. Fatal occupational injuries by event or
exposure............................................................................106
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
47
Notes on Current Labor Statistics
This section of the Review presents the prin
cipal statistical series collected and calcu
lated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics:
series on labor force; employment; unem
ployment; labor compensation; consumer,
producer, and international prices; produc
tivity; international comparisons; and injury
and illness statistics. In the notes that follow,
the data in each group of tables are briefly
described; key definitions are given; notes
on the data are set forth; and sources of addi
tional information are cited.
G e n e r a l notes
The following notes apply to several tables
in this section:
Seasonal adjustment. Certain monthly
and quarterly data are adjusted to eliminate
the effect on the data of such factors as cli
matic conditions, industry production sched
ules, opening and closing of schools, holi
day buying periods, and vacation practices,
which might prevent short-term evaluation
of the statistical series. Tables containing
data that have been adjusted are identified as
“seasonally adjusted.” (All other data are not
seasonally adjusted.) Seasonal effects are es
timated on the basis of past experience.
When new seasonal factors are computed
each year, revisions may affect seasonally
adjusted data for several preceding years.
Seasonally adjusted data appear in tables
1-14,16-17,39, and 43. Seasonally adjusted
labor force data in tables 1 and 4-9 were re
vised in the February 2001 issue of the Re
view. Seasonally adjusted establishment sur
vey data shown in tables 1, 12-14 and 1617 were revised in the July 2000 Review and
reflect the experience through March 2000.
A brief explanation of the seasonal adjust
ment methodology appears in “Notes on the
data.”
Revisions in the productivity data in table
45 are usually introduced in the September
issue. Seasonally adjusted indexes and per
cent changes from month-to-month and
quarter-to-quarter are published for numer
ous Consumer and Producer Price Index se
ries. However, seasonally adjusted indexes
are not published for the U.S. average AllItems CPI. Only seasonally adjusted percent
changes are available for this series.
Adjustments for price changes. Some
data—such as the “real” earnings shown in
table 14— are adjusted to eliminate the ef
fect of changes in price. These adjustments
are made by dividing current-dollar values
by the Consumer Price Index or the appro
priate component of the index, then multi
plying by 100. For example, given a current
hourly wage rate of $3 and a current price
48
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
index number of 150, where 1982 = 100, the
hourly rate expressed in 1982 dollars is $2
($3/150 x 100 = $2). The $2 (or any other
resulting values) are described as “real,”
“constant,” or “ 1982” dollars.
Sources of inform ation
Data that supplement the tables in this sec
tion are published by the Bureau in a variety
of sources. Definitions of each series and
notes on the data are contained in later sec
tions of these Notes describing each set of
data. For detailed descriptions of each data
series, see BLS Handbook o f Methods, Bul
letin 2490. Users also may wish to consult
Major Programs o f the Bureau o f Labor Sta
tistics, Report 919. News releases provide
the latest statistical information published by
the Bureau; the major recurring releases are
published according to the schedule appear
ing on the back cover of this issue.
More information about labor force, em
ployment, and unemployment data and the
household and establishment surveys under
lying the data are available in the Bureau’s
monthly publication, Employment and Earn
ings. Historical unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted data from the household survey are
available on the Internet:
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
Historically comparable unadjusted and sea
sonally adjusted data from the establishment
survey also are available on the Internet:
http://www.bls.gov/ces/
Additional information on labor force data
for areas below the national level are pro
vided in the BLS annual report, Geographic
Profile o f Employment and Unemployment.
For a comprehensive discussion of the
Employment Cost Index, see Employment
Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-95, b l s Bul
letin 2466. The most recent data from the
Employee Benefits Survey appear in the fol
lowing Bureau of Labor Statistics bulletins:
Employee Benefits in Medium and Large
Firms; Employee Benefits in Small Private
Establishments; and Employee Benefits in
State and Local Governments.
More detailed data on consumer and pro
ducer prices are published in the monthly
periodicals, The CPI Detailed Report and
Producer Price Indexes. For an overview of
the 1998 revision of the c p i , see the Decem
ber 1996 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
Additional data on international prices ap
pear in monthly news releases.
Listings of industries for which produc
tivity indexes are available may be found on
the Internet:
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/
For additional information on interna
December 2001
tional comparisons data, see International
Comparisons o f Unemployment, BLS Bulle
tin 1979.
Detailed data on the occupational injury
and illness series are published in Occupa
tional Injuries and Illnesses in the United
States, by Industry, a BLS annual bulletin.
Finally, the Monthly Labor Review car
ries analytical articles on annual and longer
term developments in labor force, employ
ment, and unemployment; employee com
pensation and collective bargaining; prices;
productivity; international comparisons; and
injury and illness data.
Symbols
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified,
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
p = preliminary. To increase the time
liness of some series, preliminary
figures are issued based on repre
sentative but incomplete returns,
r = revised. Generally, this revision
reflects the availability of later
data, but also may reflect other ad
justments.
C om parative Indicators
(Tables 1-3)
Comparative indicators tables provide an
overview and comparison of major b l s sta
tistical series. Consequently, although many
of the included series are available monthly,
all measures in these comparative tables are
presented quarterly and annually.
Labor market indicators include em
ployment measures from two major surveys
and information on rates of change in com
pensation provided by the Employment Cost
Index (ECi) program. The labor force partici
pation rate, the employment-to-population
ratio, and unemployment rates for major de
mographic groups based on the Current
Population (“household”) Survey are pre
sented, while measures of employment and
average weekly hours by major industry sec
tor are given using nonfarm payroll data The
Employment Cost Index (compensation), by
major sector and by bargaining status, is cho
sen from a variety of b l s compensation and
wage measures because it provides a com
prehensive measure of employer costs for
hiring labor, not just outlays for wages, and
it is not affected by employment shifts among
occupations and industries.
Data on changes in compensation, prices,
and productivity are presented in table 2.
Measures o f rates o f change o f compensa
tion and wages from the Employment Cost
Index program are provided for all civ il
ian nonfarm w orkers (excluding Federal
and household workers) and for all private
nonfarm workers. Measures o f changes in
consumer prices for all urban consumers;
producer prices by stage o f processing;
overall prices by stage o f processing; and
overall export and import price indexes are
given. Measures of productivity (output per
hour of all persons) are provided for major
sectors.
Alternative measures of wage and com
pensation rates of change, which reflect the
overall trend in labor costs, are summarized
in table 3. Differences in concepts and scope,
related to the specific purposes of the series,
contribute to the variation in changes among
the individual measures.
Notes on the data
Definitions of each series and notes on the
data are contained in later sections of these
notes describing each set of data.
Employment and
Unemploym ent Data
ceding 4 weeks. Persons who did not look
for work because they were on layoff are
also counted among the unemployed. The
unemployment rate represents the num
ber unemployed as a percent of the civilian
labor force.
The civilian labor force consists of all
employed or unemployed persons in the
civilian noninstitutional population. Persons
not in the labor force are those not classified
as employed or unemployed. This group
includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons who want and are available for ajob
and who have looked for work sometime in
the past 12 months (or since the end of their
last job if they held one within the past 12
months), but are not currently looking,
because they believe there are no jobs
available or there are none for which they
would qualify. The civilian noninstitu
tional population comprises all persons 16
years of age and older who are not inmates
of penal or mental institutions, sanitariums,
or homes for the aged, infirm, or needy. The
civilian labor force participation rate is the
proportion of the civilian noninstitutional
population that is in the labor force. The
employment-population ratio is employ
ment as a percent of the civilian nonin
stitutional population.
(Tables 1; 4-20)
Notes on the data
Household survey d a ta
From time to time, and especially after a
decennial census, adjustments are made in
the Current Population Survey figures to
correct for estimating errors during the
intercensal years. These adjustments affect
the comparability of historical data. A de
scription of these adjustments and their ef
fect on the various data series appears in the
Explanatory N otes o f Employment and
Earnings.
Labor force data in tables 1 and 4-9 are
seasonally adjusted. Since January 1980,
national labor force data have been season
ally adjusted with a procedure called X -ll
a r i m a which was developed at Statistics
Canada as an extension of the standard X11 method previously used by b l s . A de
tailed description of the procedure appears
in the X -ll a r i m a Seasonal Adjustment
Method, by Estela Bee Dagum (Statistics
Canada, Catalogue No. 12-564E, January
1983).
At the beginning of each calendar year,
historical seasonally adjusted data usually
are revised, and projected seasonal adjust
ment factors are calculated for use during
the January-June period. The historical sea
sonally adjusted data usually are revised for
only the most recent 5 years. In July, new
seasonal adjustment factors, which incorpo
rate the experience through June, are pro
duced for the July-December period, but no
Description of the series
E m p l o y m e n t d a t a in this section are ob
tained from the Current Population Survey,
a program of personal interviews conducted
monthly by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The sample con
sists of about 60,000 households selected to
represent the U.S. population 16 years of age
and older. Households are interviewed on a
rotating basis, so that three-fourths of the
sample is the same for any 2 consecutive
months.
Definitions
Employed persons include (1) all those who
worked for pay any time during the week
which includes the 12th day of the month or
who worked unpaid for 15 hours or more in
a family-operated enterprise and (2) those
who were temporarily absent from their regu
lar jobs because of illness, vacation, indus
trial dispute, or similar reasons. A person
working at more than one job is counted only
in the job at which he or she worked the
greatest number of hours.
Unemployed persons are those who did
not work during the survey week, but were
available for work except for temporary ill
ness and had looked for jobs within the pre
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
revisions are made in the historical data.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on na
tional household survey data, contact the
Division of Labor Force Statistics: (202)
691-6378.
Establishm ent survey d a ta
Description of the series
E m p l o y m e n t , h o u r s , a n d e a r n in g s da t a
in this section are compiled from payroll
records reported monthly on a voluntary ba
sis to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and its
cooperating State agencies by about 300,000
establishments representing all industries
except agriculture. Industries are classified
in accordance with the 1987 Standard In
dustrial Classification (SIC) Manual. In most
industries, the sampling probabilities are
based on the size o f the establishment; most
large establishments are therefore in the
sample. (An establishment is not necessar
ily a firm; it may be a branch plant, for ex
ample, or warehouse.) Self-employed per
sons and others not on a regular civilian
payroll are outside the scope o f the sur
vey because they are excluded from estab
lishment records. This largely accounts for
the difference in employment figures be
tween the household and establishment
surveys.
Definitions
An establishment is an economic unit which
produces goods or services (such as a fac
tory or store) at a single location and is en
gaged in one type of economic activity.
Employed persons are all persons who
received pay (including holiday and sick
pay) for any part of the payroll period in
cluding the 12th day of the month. Per
sons holding more than one job (about 5
percent o f all persons in the labor force)
are counted in each establishment which
reports them.
Production workers in manufacturing
include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers closely associated with pro
duction operations. Those workers men
tioned in tables 11-16 include production
workers in manufacturing and mining; con
struction w orkers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in the following in
dustries: transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insur
ance, and real estate; and services. These
groups account for about four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.
Earnings are the payments production
or nonsupervisory workers receive during
the survey period, including premium pay
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
49
Current Labor Statistics
for overtime or late-shifit work but exclud
ing irregular bonuses and other special
paym ents. Real earnings are earnings
adjusted to reflect the effects of changes in
consumer prices. The deflator for this series
is derived from the Consumer Price Index
for U rban Wage E arners and C lerical
Workers (CPI-W).
Hours represent the average weekly
hours of production or nonsupervisory work
ers for which pay was received, and are dif
ferent from standard or scheduled hours.
Overtime hours represent the portion of av
erage weekly hours which was in excess of
regular hours and for which overtime premi
ums were paid.
The D iffusion Index represents the
percent of industries in which employment
was rising over the indicated period, plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged
employment; 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing
and decreasing employment. In line with Bu
reau practice, data for the 1-, 3-, and 6-month
spans are seasonally adjusted, while those
for the 12-month span are unadjusted. Data
are centered within the span. Table 17 pro
vides an index on private nonfarm employ
ment based on 356 industries, and a manu
facturing index based on 139 industries.
These indexes are useful for measuring the
dispersion of economic gains or losses and
are also economic indicators.
Notes on the data
Establishment survey data are annually ad
justed to comprehensive counts of employ
ment (called “benchmarks”). The latest ad
justment, which incorporated March 1999
benchmarks, was made with the release of
May 2000 data, published in the July 2000
issue o f the Review. Coincident with the
benchmark adjustment, historical seasonally
adjusted data were revised to reflect updated
seasonal factors. Unadjusted data from April
1999 forward and seasonally adjusted data
from January 1996 forward are subject to
revision in future benchmarks.
In addition to the routine benchmark revi
sions and updated seasonal factors introduced
with the release of the May 2000 data, all esti
mates for the wholesale trade division from
April 1998 forward were revised to incorpo
rate a new sample design. This represented the
first major industry division to convert to a
probability-based sample under a 4-year
phase-in plan for the establishment survey
sample redesign project. For additional infor
mation, see the the June 2000 issue of Employ
ment and Earnings.
Revisions in State data (table 11) oc
curred with the publication of January 2000
data.
Beginning in June 1996, the b l s uses the
X-12 a r i m a methodology to seasonally ad
50
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
just establishment survey data. This proce
dure, developed by the Bureau of the Cen
sus, controls for the effect of varying sur
vey intervals (also known as the 4- versus
5-week effect), thereby providing improved
measurement of over-the-month changes and
underlying economic trends. Revisions of
data, usually for the most recent 5-year pe
riod, are made once a year coincident with
the benchmark revisions.
In the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on
incomplete returns and are published as pre
liminary in the tables ( 12-17 in the Review).
When all returns have been received, the es
timates are revised and published as “final”
(prior to any benchmark revisions) in the
third month of their appearance. Thus, De
cember data are published as preliminary in
January and February and as final in March.
For the same reasons, quarterly establish
ment data (table 1) are preliminary for the
first 2 months of publication and final in the
third month. Thus, fourth-quarter data are
published as preliminary in January and
February and as final in March.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t io n on estab
lishment survey data, contact the Division
of Monthly Industry Employment Statis
tics: (202)691-6555.
U n e m p lo y m e n t d a ta by
S ta te
Description of the series
Data presented in this section are obtained
from the Local Area Unemployment Statis
tics (LAUS) program, which is conducted in
cooperation with State employment secu
rity agencies.
Monthly estimates of the labor force,
employment, and unemployment for States
and sub-State areas are a key indicator of lo
cal economic conditions, and form the basis
for determining the eligibility of an area for
benefits under Federal economic assistance
programs such as the Job Training Partner
ship Act. Seasonally adjusted unemployment
rates are presented in table 10. Insofar as
possible, the concepts and definitions under
lying these data are those used in the national
estimates obtained from the c p s .
Notes on the data
Data refer to State of residence. Monthly data
for all States and the District of Columbia are
derived using standardized procedures
established by b l s . Once a year, estimates are
revised to new population controls, usually
with publication of January estimates, and
benchmarked to annual average c p s levels.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l in f o r m a t io n o n d ata in
th is s e r ie s, c a ll
December 2001
(202) 691-6392
(ta b le
10) or
(202) 691-6559 (table 11).
Compensation and
W age Data
(Tables 1-3; 21-27)
C o m p e n s a t i o n a n d w a g e d a t a are gathered
by the Bureau from business establishments,
State and local governments, labor unions,
collective bargaining agreements on file with
the Bureau, and secondary sources.
E m ploym ent Cost In d e x
Description of the series
The Employment Cost Index (ECl) is a quar
terly measure of the rate of change in com
pensation per hour worked and includes
wages, salaries, and employer costs of em
ployee benefits. It uses a fixed market
basket o f labor— similar in concept to the
Consumer Price Index’s fixed market basket
of goods and services— to measure change
over time in employer costs of employing
labor.
Statistical series on total compensation
costs, on wages and salaries, and on benefit
costs are available for private nonfarm work
ers excluding proprietors, the self-employed,
and household workers. The total compensa
tion costs and wages and salaries series are
also available for State and local government
workers and for the civilian nonfarm economy,
which consists of private industry and State
and local government workers combined. Fed
eral workers are excluded.
The Employment Cost Index probability
sample consists of about 4,400 private non
farm establishments providing about 23,000
occupational observations and 1,000 State
and local government establishments provid
ing 6,000 occupational observations selected
to represent total employment in each sector.
On average, each reporting unit provides
wage and compensation information on five
well-specified occupations. Data are col
lected each quarter for the pay period includ
ing the 12th day of March, June, September,
and December.
Beginning with June 1986 data, fixed
employment weights from the 1980 Census
o f Population are used each quarter to
calculate the civilian and private indexes
and the index for State and local govern
ments. (Prior to June 1986, the employment
weights are from the 1970 Census o f Popu
lation.) These fixed weights, also used to
derive all of the industry and occupation
series indexes, ensure that changes in these
indexes reflect only changes in compensa
tion, not employment shifts among indus
tries or occupations with different levels of
wages and compensation. For the bargaining
status, region, and metropolitan/non-metropolitan area series, however, employment
data by industry and occupation are not
available from the census. Instead, the 1980
employment weights are reallocated within
these series each quarter based on the cur
rent sample. Therefore, these indexes are not
strictly comparable to those for the aggre
gate, industry, and occupation series.
Definitions
Total compensation costs include wages,
salaries, and the employer’s costs for em
ployee benefits.
Wages and salaries consist of earnings
before payroll deductions, including produc
tion bonuses, incentive earnings, commis
sions, and cost-of-living adjustments.
Benefits include the cost to employers
for paid leave, supplemental pay (includ
ing nonproduction bonuses), insurance, retire
ment and savings plans, and legally required
benefits (such as Social Security, workers’
compensation, and unemployment insurance).
Excluded from wages and salaries and em
ployee benefits are such items as payment-inkind, free room and board, and tips.
Notes on the data
The Employment Cost Index for changes in
wages and salaries in the private nonfarm
economy was published beginning in 1975.
Changes in total compensation cost—wages
and salaries and benefits combined—were
published beginning in 1980. The series of
changes in wages and salaries and for total
compensation in the State and local govern
ment sector and in the civilian nonfarm
economy (excluding Federal employees)
were published beginning in 1981. Histori
cal indexes (June 1981=100) are available on
the Internet:
http://www.bls.gov/ect/
F o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on the
Employment Cost Index, contact the Office
o f Compensation Levels and Trends: (202)
691-6199.
Em ployee Benefits Survey
Description of the series
Employee benefits data are obtained from
the Employee Benefits Survey, an annual
survey of the incidence and provisions of
selected benefits provided by employers.
The survey collects data from a sample of
approxim ately 9,000 private sector and
State and local government establishments.
The data are presented as a percentage of em
ployees who participate in a certain benefit, or
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
as an average benefit provision (for example,
the average number of paid holidays provided
to employees per year). Selected data from the
survey are presented in table 25 for medium
and large private establishments and in table
26 for small private establishments and State
and local government.
The survey covers paid leave benefits
such as holidays and vacations, and personal,
funeral, jury duty, military, family, and sick
leave; short-term disability, long-term dis
ability, and life insurance; medical, dental,
and vision care plans; defined benefit and
defined contribution plans; flexible benefits
plans; reimbursement accounts; and unpaid
family leave.
Also, data are tabulated on the inci
dence o f several other benefits, such as
severance pay, child-care assistance, well
ness programs, and employee assistance
programs.
Definitions
Employer-provided benefits are benefits
that are financed either wholly or partly by
the employer. They may be sponsored by a
union or other third party, as long as there is
some employer financing. However, some
benefits that are fully paid for by the em
ployee also are included. For example, long
term care insurance and postretirement life
insurance paid entirely by the employee are
included because the guarantee of insurabil
ity and availability at group premium rates
are considered a benefit.
Participants are workers who are covered
by a benefit, whether or not they use that benefit.
If the benefit plan is financed wholly by
employers and requires employees to complete
a minimum length of service for eligibility, the
workers are considered participants whether or
not they have met the requirement. If workers
are required to contribute towards the cost of
a plan, they are considered participants only
if they elect the plan and agree to make the
required contributions.
Defined benefit pension plans use prede
termined formulas to calculate a retirement
benefit (if any), and obligate the employer to
provide those benefits. Benefits are generally
based on salary, years of service, or both.
Defined contribution plans generally
specify the level of employer and employee
contributions to a plan, but not the formula
for determining eventual benefits. Instead,
individual accounts are set up for partici
pants, and benefits are based on amounts
credited to these accounts.
Tax-deferred savings plans are a type of
defined contribution plan that allow par
ticipants to contribute a portion of their sal
ary to an employer-sponsored plan and defer
income taxes until withdrawal.
Flexible benefit plans allow employees
to choose among several benefits, such as life
insurance, medical care, and vacation days, and
among several levels of coverage within a given
benefit.
Notes on the data
Surveys of employees in medium and large
establishments conducted over the 1979-86
perio d inclu d ed estab lish m en ts th at
employed at least 50, 100, or 250 workers,
depending on the industry (most service
industries were excluded). The survey
conducted in 1987 covered only State and
local g overnm ents w ith 50 or m ore
employees. The surveys conducted in 1988
and 1989 included m edium and large
establishments with 100 workers or more in
private industries. All surveys conducted over
the 1979-89 period excluded establishments
in Alaska and Hawaii, as well as part-time
employees.
Beginning in 1990, surveys of State and
local governm ents and small private
establishments were conducted in evennumbered years, and surveys of medium and
large establishments were conducted in oddnumbered years. The small establishment
survey includes all private nonfarm
establishments with fewer than 100 workers,
while the State and local government survey
includes all governments, regardless of the
number of workers. All three surveys include
full- and part-time workers, and workers in all
50 States and the District of Columbia.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on the
Employee Benefits Survey, contact the Of
fice of Compensation Levels and Trends on
the Internet:
http://www.bls.gov/ebs/
W ork s to p p a g e s
Description of the series
Data on work stoppages measure the num
ber and duration of major strikes or lockouts
(involving 1,000 workers or more) occurring
during the month (or year), the number of
workers involved, and the amount of work
time lost because of stoppage. These data are
presented in table 27.
Data are largely from a variety o f pub
lished sources and cover only establish
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They
do not measure the indirect or secondary
effect of stoppages on other establishments
whose employees are idle owing to material
shortages or lack of service.
Definitions
Number of stoppages: The number of
strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 work
ers or more and lasting a full shift or longer.
Workers involved: The number of
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
51
Current Labor Statistics
workers directly involved in the stoppage.
Number of days idle: The aggregate
number of workdays lost by workers in
volved in the stoppages.
Days of idleness as a percent of estimated
working time: Aggregate workdays lost as a
percent of the aggregate number of standard
workdays in the period multiplied by total
employment in the period.
Notes on the data
This series is not comparable with the one
terminated in 1981 that covered strikes in
volving six workers or more.
F or additional information on work
stoppages data, contact the Office of Com
pensation and Working Conditions: (202)
691-6282, or the Internet:
http:/www.b!s.gov/cba/
The cpi is based on prices of food, cloth
ing, shelter, fuel, drugs, transportation fares,
doctors’ and dentists’ fees, and other goods
and services that people buy for day-to-day
living. The quantity and quality of these
items are kept essentially unchanged between
major revisions so that only price changes
will be measured. All taxes directly associ
ated with the purchase and use of items are
included in the index.
Data collected from more than 23,000 re
tail establishments and 5,800 housing units
in 87 urban areas across the country are used
to develop the “U.S. city average.” Separate
estimates for 14 major urban centers are pre
sented in table 29. The areas listed are as in
dicated in footnote 1 to the table. The area
indexes measure only the average change in
prices for each area since the base period, and
do not indicate differences in the level of
prices among cities.
Price Data
Notes on the data
(Tables 2; 28-38)
In January 1983, the Bureau changed the
way in which homeownership costs are
meaured for the CPi-u. A rental equivalence
method replaced the asset-price approach to
homeownership costs for that series. In
January 1985, the same change was made
in the cpi -w . The central purpose of the
change was to separate shelter costs from
the investment component of home-ownership so that the index would reflect only the
cost of shelter services provided by owneroccupied homes. An updated cpi -u and cpiw were introduced with release of the Janu
ary 1987 and January 1998 data.
F or ad dition al inform ation on con
sumer prices, contact the Division of Con
sumer Prices and Price Indexes: (202)
691-7000.
P rice data are gathered by the Bureau
o f Labor Statistics from retail and pri
mary markets in the United States. Price
indexes are given in relation to a base pe
riod— 1982 = 100 for many Producer Price
Indexes, 1982-84 = 100 for many Con
sum er Price Indexes (unless otherw ise
noted), and 1990 = 100 for International
Price Indexes.
C on su m er Price Indexes
Description of the series
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a mea
sure o f the average change in the prices paid
by urban consumers for a fixed market bas
ket of goods and services. The cpi is calcu
lated monthly for two population groups, one
consisting only of urban households whose
primary source of income is derived from the
employment of wage earners and clerical
workers, and the other consisting of all ur
ban households. The wage earner index (CPiw) is a continuation of the historic index that
was introduced well over a half-century ago
for use in wage negotiations. As new uses
were developed for the CPI in recent years,
the need for a broader and more representa
tive index became apparent. The all-urban
consumer index (CPi-U), introduced in 1978,
is representative of the 1993-95 buying hab
its of about 87 percent of the noninstitutional
population of the United States at that time,
compared with 32 percent represented in the
CPi-w. In addition to wage earners and cleri
cal workers, the CPi-u covers professional,
managerial, and technical workers, the selfemployed, short-term workers, the unem
ployed, retirees, and others not in the labor
force.
52
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Producer Price Indexes
Description of the series
Producer Price Indexes (PPi) measure av
erage changes in prices received by domes
tic producers of commodities in all stages
of processing. The sample used for calcu
lating these indexes currently contains about
3,200 commodities and about 80,000 quo
tations per month, selected to represent the
movement of prices of all commodities pro
duced in the manufacturing; agriculture, for
estry, and fishing; mining; and gas and elec
tricity and public utilities sectors. The stageof-processing structure o f PPI organizes
products by class of buyer and degree of
fabrication (that is, finished goods, interme
diate goods, and crude materials). The tradi
tional commodity structure of PPI organizes
products by similarity of end use or mate
rial composition. The industry and product
structure o f PPI o rganizes data in
December 2001
accordance with the Standard Industrial Clas
sification (SIC) and the product code exten
sion of the sic developed by the U.S. Bu
reau of the Census.
To the extent possible, prices used in
calculating Producer Price Indexes apply
to the first significant commercial transac
tion in the United States from the produc
tion or central marketing point. Price data
are generally collected monthly, primarily
by mail questionnaire. M ost prices are
obtained directly from producing companies
on a voluntary and confidential basis. Prices
generally are reported for the Tuesday of
the week containing the 13th day o f the
month.
Since January 1992, price changes for the
various commodities have been averaged
together with im plicit quantity weights
representing their importance in the total net
selling value of all commodities as of 1987.
The detailed data are aggregated to obtain
indexes for stage-of-processing groupings,
commodity groupings, durability-of-product
groupings, and a number of special composite
groups. All Producer Price Index data are
subject to revision 4 months after original
publication.
F or ad dition al inform ation on pro
ducer prices, contact the Division o f In
dustrial Prices and Price Indexes: (202)
691-7705.
International Price In d exes
Description of the series
The International Price Program produces
monthly and quarterly export and import
price indexes for nonmilitary goods traded
between the United States and the rest of the
world. The export price index provides a
measure of price change for all products sold
by U.S. residents to foreign buyers. (“Resi
dents” is defined as in the national income
accounts; it includes corporations, busi
nesses, and individuals, but does not require
the organizations to be U.S. owned nor the
individuals to have U.S. citizenship.) The
import price index provides a measure of
price change for goods purchased from other
countries by U.S. residents.
The product universe for both the import
and export indexes includes raw materials,
agricultural products, semifinished manufac
tures, and finished manufactures, including
both capital and consumer goods. Price data
for these items are collected primarily by
mail questionnaire. In nearly all cases, the
data are collected directly from the exporter
or importer, although in a few cases, prices
are obtained from other sources.
To the extent possible, the data gathered
refer to prices at the U.S. border for exports
and at either the foreign border or the U.S.
border for imports. For nearly all products,
the prices refer to transactions completed dur
ing the first week of the month. Survey re
spondents are asked to indicate all discounts,
allowances, and rebates applicable to the re
ported prices, so that the price used in the
calculation of the indexes is the actual price for
which the product was bought or sold.
In addition to general indexes of prices
for U.S. exports and imports, indexes are also
published for detailed product categories of
exports and imports. These categories are
defined according to the five-digit level of
detail for the Bureau of Economic Analysis
End-use Classification (SiTC), and the four
digit level o f detail for the Harmonized
System. Aggregate import indexes by coun
try or region of origin are also available.
bls
p u b lis h e s in d e x e s fo r s e le c te d c a te g o
r ie s o f in te r n a tio n a lly tra d ed s e r v ic e s , c a lc u
la te d o n an in te r n a tio n a l b a s is an d o n a b a la n c e -o f- p a y m e n ts b a s is .
Notes on the data
The export and import price indexes are
weighted indexes of the Laspeyres type. Price
relatives are assigned equal importance
within each harmonized group and are then
aggregated to the higher level. The values as
signed to each weight category are based on
trade value figures compiled by the Bureau
o f the Census. The trade weights currently
used to compute both indexes relate to 1995.
Because a price index depends on the same
items being priced from period to period, it is
necessaiy to recognize when a product’s speci
fications or terms of transaction have been
modified. For this reason, the Bureau’s ques
tionnaire requests detailed descriptions of the
physical and functional characteristics of the
products being priced, as well as information
on the number of units bought or sold, dis
counts, credit terms, packaging, class of buyer
or seller, and so forth. When there are changes
in either the specifications or terms of trans
action of a product, the dollar value of each
change is deleted from the total price change
to obtain the “pure” change. Once this value
is determined, a linking procedure is em
ployed which allows for the continued repric
ing of the item.
For the export price indexes, the preferred
pricing is f.a.s. (free alongside ship) U.S. port
of exportation. When firms report export
prices f.o.b. (free on board), production point
information is collected which enables the
Bureau to calculate a shipment cost to the port
of exportation. An attempt is made to collect
two prices for imports. The first is the import
price f.o.b. at the foreign port of exportation,
which is consistent with the basis for valua
tion of imports in the national accounts. The
second is the import price c.i.f.(costs, insur
ance, and freight) at the U.S. port of importa
tion, which also includes the other costs as
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
sociated with bringing the product to the U.S.
border. It does not, however, include duty
charges. For a given product, only one price
basis series is used in the construction of an
index.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l in f o r m a t io n on inter
national prices, contact the Division of Inter
national Prices: (202) 691-7155.
Productivity Data
(Tables 2; 39^12)
Business sector a n d m a jo r
sectors
Description of the series
The productivity measures relate real output
to real input. As such, they encompass a fam
ily of measures which include single-factor
input measures, such as output per hour, out
put per unit of labor input, or output per unit
of capital input, as well as measures of mul
tifactor productivity (output per unit of com
bined labor and capital inputs). The Bureau
indexes show the change in output relative
to changes in the various inputs. The mea
sures cover the business, nonfarm business,
manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporate
sectors.
Corresponding indexes of hourly com
pensation, unit labor costs, unit nonlabor
payments, and prices are also provided.
Definitions
Output per hour of all persons (labor pro
ductivity) is the quantity of goods and ser
vices produced per hour of labor input. Out
put per unit of capital services (capital pro
ductivity) is the quantity of goods and ser
vices produced per unit o f capital services
input. Multifactor productivity is the quan
tity of goods and services produced per com
bined inputs. For private business and pri
vate nonfarm business, inputs include labor
and capital units. For manufacturing, in
puts include labor, capital, energy, non-en
ergy materials, and purchased business ser
vices.
Compensation per hour is total compen
sation divided by hours at work. Total com
pensation equals the wages and salaries of
employees plus employers’ contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans,
plus an estimate of these payments for the
self-employed (except for nonfinancial cor
porations in which there are no self-em
ployed). Real compensation per hour is
com pensation per hour deflated by the
change in the Consumer Price Index for All
Urban Consumers.
Unit labor costs are the labor compen
sation costs expended in the production of a
unit of output and are derived by dividing
compensation by output. Unit nonlabor
payments include profits, depreciation,
interest, and indirect taxes per unit of out
put. They are computed by subtracting
compensation of all persons from currentdollar value of output and dividing by out
put.
Unit nonlabor costs contain all the
components of unit nonlabor payments ex
cept unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits
with inventory valuation and capital con
sumption adjustments per unit of output.
Hours of all persons are the total hours
at work o f payroll workers, self-employed
persons, and unpaid family workers.
Labor inputs are hours of all persons ad
justed for the effects of changes in the edu
cation and experience of the labor force.
Capital services are the flow of services
from the capital stock used in production. It
is developed from measures of the net stock
of physical assets— equipment, structures,
land, and inventories—weighted by rental
prices for each type of asset.
Combined units of labor and capital
inputs are derived by combining changes in
labor and capital input with weights which
represent each component’s share of total
cost. Combined units of labor, capital, energy,
materials, and purchased business services are
similarly derived by combining changes in
each input with weights that represent each
input’s share of total costs. The indexes for
each input and for combined units are based
on changing weights which are averages of the
shares in the current and preceding year (the
Tomquist index-number formula).
Notes on the data
Business sector output is an annually-weighted
index constructed by excluding from real gross
domestic product ( g d p ) the following outputs:
general government, nonprofit institutions,
paid employees of private households, and the
rental value of owner-occupied dwellings.
Nonfarm business also excludes farming. Pri
vate business and private nonfarm business
further exclude government enterprises. The
measures are supplied by the U.S. Department
of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analy
sis. Annual estimates of manufacturing sectoral
output are produced by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Quarterly manufacturing output in
dexes from the Federal Reserve Board are ad
justed to these annual output measures by the
b l s . Compensation data are developed from
data of the Bureau of Economic Analysis and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours data are
developed from data of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
The productivity and associated cost mea
sures in tables 39-42 describe the relation-
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
53
Current Labor Statistics
ship between output in real terms and the
labor and capital inputs involved in its pro
duction. They show the changes from period
to period in the amount of goods and ser
vices produced per unit of input.
Although these measures relate output to
hours and capital services, they do not mea
sure the contributions of labor, capital, or any
other specific factor of production. Rather,
they reflect the joint effect of many influences,
including changes in technology; shifts in the
composition of the labor force; capital invest
ment; level of output; changes in the utiliza
tion of capacity, energy, material, and research
and development; the organization of produc
tion; managerial skill; and characteristics and
efforts of the work force.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this
productivity series, contact the Division of
Productivity Research: (202) 691-5606.
Industry productivity
m easu res
Description of the series
The b l s industry productivity data
supplement the measures for the business
economy and major sectors with annual
measures of labor productivity for selected
industries at the three- and four-digit levels
o f the Standard Industrial Classification
system. In addition to labor productivity,
the industry data also include annual
measures of compensation and unit labor
costs for three-digit industries and measures
o f multifactor productivity for three-digit
m anufacturing industries and railroad
transportation. The industry measures differ
in methodology and data sources from the
productivity measures for the major sectors
because the ind u stry m easures are
developed independently of the National
Income and Product Accounts framework
used for the major sector measures.
Definitions
Output per hour is derived by dividing an index
of industry output by an index of labor input.
For most industries, output indexes are de
rived from data on the value of industry out
put adjusted for price change. For the remain
ing industries, output indexes are derived from
data on the physical quantity of production.
The labor input series consist of the hours
of all employees (production workers and non
production workers), the hours of all persons
(paid employees, partners, proprietors, and
unpaid family workers), or the number of em
ployees, depending upon the industry.
Unit labor costs represent the labor
compensation costs per unit of output pro
duced, and are derived by dividing an index
of labor compensation by an index of out
54
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
put. Labor compensation includes pay
roll as well as supplemental payments, in
cluding both legally required expenditures
and payments for voluntary programs.
Multifactor productivity is derived by
dividing an index of industry output by an
index of the combined inputs consumed in
producing that output. Combined inputs
include capital, labor, and intermediate pur
chases. The measure of capital input used
represents the flow o f services from the
capital stock used in production. It is devel
oped from measures of the net stock of
physical assets— equipment, structures,
land, and inventories. The measure o f in
termediate purchases is a combination of
purchased materials, services, fuels, and
electricity.
Notes on the data
The industry measures are compiled from
data produced by the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics and the Bureau of the Census, with addi
tional data supplied by other government
agencies, trade associations, and other
sources.
For most industries, the productivity
indexes refer to the output per hour of all
employees. For some trade and services in
dustries, indexes of output per hour of all
persons (including self-employed) are con
structed. For some transportation indus
tries, only indexes of output per employee
are prepared.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this se
ries, contact the Division of Industry Produc
tivity Studies: (202) 691-5618.
International Comparisons
(Tables 43-45)
Labor force a n d
u n e m p lo y m e n t
Description of the series
Tables 43 and 44 present comparative meas
ures of the labor force, employment, and un
employment— approxim ating U.S. con
cepts—for the United States, Canada, Aus
tralia, Japan, and several European countries.
The unemployment statistics (and, to a lesser
extent, employment statistics) published by
other industrial countries are not, in most
cases, comparable to U.S. unemployment
statistics. Therefore, the Bureau adjusts the
figures for selected countries, where neces
sary, for all known major definitional differ
ences. Although precise comparability may
not be achieved, these adjusted figures pro
vide a better basis for international compari
December 2001
sons than the figures regularly published by
each country. For further information on ad
justm ents and comparability issues, see
Constance Sorrentino, “International unem
ployment rates: how comparable are they?”
Monthly Labor Review, June 2000, pp. 3-20.
Definitions
For the principal U.S. definitions of the labor
force, employment, and unemployment, see
the Notes section on Employment and Unem
ployment Data: Household survey data.
Notes on the data
The adjusted statistics have been adapted to
the age at which compulsory schooling ends
in each country, rather than to the U.S. stan
dard of 16 years of age and older. Therefore,
the adjusted statistics relate to the popula
tion aged 16 and older in France, Sweden,
and the United Kingdom; 15 and older in
Australia, Japan, Germany, Italy from 1993
onward, and the Netherlands; and 14 and older
in Italy prior to 1993. An exception to this
rule is that the Canadian statistics for 1976
onward are adjusted to cover ages 16 and
older, whereas the age at which compulsory
schooling ends remains at 15. The institu
tional population is included in the denomi
nator of the labor force participation rates
and employment-population ratios for Japan
and Germany; it is excluded for the United
States and the other countries.
In the U.S. labor force survey, persons on
layoff who are awaiting recall to their jobs
are classified as unemployed. European and
Japanese layoff practices are quite different
in nature from those in the United States;
therefore, strict application of the U.S. defi
nition has not been made on this point. For
further information, see Monthly Labor Re
view, December 1981, pp. 8-11.
The figures for one or more recent years
for France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands,
and the United Kingdom are calculated using
adjustment factors based on labor force sur
veys for earlier years and are considered pre
liminary. The recent-year measures for these
countries, therefore, are subject to revision
whenever data from more current labor force
surveys become available.
There are breaks in the data series for the
United States (1990,1994,1997,1998,1999,
2000), Canada (1976) France (1992), Ger
many (1991), Italy (1991, 1993), the Neth
erlands (1988), and Sweden (1987).
For the United States, the break in series
reflects a major redesign of the labor force
survey questionnaire and collection method
ology introduced in January 1994. Revised
population estimates based on the 1990 cen
sus, adjusted for the estimated undercount,
also were incorporated. In 1996, previously
published data for the 1990-93 period were
revised to reflect the 1990 census-based
population controls, adjusted for the un
dercount. In 1997, revised population con
trols were introduced into the household sur
vey. Therefore, the data are not strictly
conparable with prior years. In 1998, new
composite estimation procedures and minor
revisions in population controls were intro
duced into the household survey. Therefore,
the data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1997 and earlier years. See the Notes sec
tion on Employment and Unemployment
Data of this Review.
b l s recently introduced a new adjusted
series for Canada. Beginning with the data
for 1976, Canadian data are adjusted to more
closely approximate U.S. concepts. Adjust
ments are made to the unemployed and labor
force to exclude: (1) 15-year-olds; (2) pas
sive jobseekers (persons only reading news
paper ads as their method of job search); (3)
persons waiting to start a new job who did
not seek work in the past 4 weeks; and (4)
persons unavailable for work due to personal
or family responsibilities. An adjustment is
made to include full-tine students looking for
full-time work. The impact of the adjust
ments was to lower the annual average unem
ployment rate by 0.1-0.4 percentage point
in the 1980s and 0.4-1.0 percentage point in
the 1990s.
For France, the 1992 break reflects the
substitution of standardized European Union
Statistical Office ( e u r o s t a t ) unemployment
statistics for the unemployment data esti
mated according to the International Eabor
Office ( il o ) definition and published in the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) annual yearbook and
quarterly update. This change was made be
cause the e u r o s t a t data are more up-to-date
than the OECD figures. Also, since 1992, the
e u r o s t a t definitions are closer to the U.S.
definitions than they were in prior years. The
impact of this revision was to lower the un
employment rate by 0.1 percentage point in
1992 and 1993, by 0.4 percentage point in
1994, and 0.5 percentage point in 1995.
For Germany, the data for 1991 onward
refer to unified Germany. Data prior to 1991
relate to the former West Germany. The im
pact of including the former East Germany
was to increase the unemployment rate from
4.3 to 5.6 percent in 1991.
For Italy, the 1991 break reflects a revi
sion in the method of weighting sample data.
The impact was to increase the unemploy
ment rate by approximately 0.3 percentage
point, from 6.6 to 6.9 percent in 1991.
In October 1992, the survey methodol
ogy was revised and the definition of unem
ployment was changed to include only those
who were actively looking for a job within
the 30 days preceding the survey and who
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
were available for work. In addition, the
lower age limit for the labor force was raised
from 14 to 15 years. (Prior to these changes,
BLS adjusted Italy’s published unemploy
ment rate downward by excluding from the
unemployed those persons who had not
actively sought work in the past 30 days.)
The break in the series also reflects the incor
poration of the 1991 population census re
sults. The impact of these changes was to
raise Italy’s adjusted unemployment rate by
approximately 1.2 percentage points, from
8.3 to 9.5 percent in fourth-quarter 1992.
These changes did not affect employment
significantly, except in 1993. Estimates by
the Italian Statistical Office indicate that em
ployment declined by about 3 percent in
1993, rather than the nearly 4 percent indi
cated by the data shown in table 44. This
difference is attributable mainly to the incor
poration of the 1991 population benchmarks
in the 1993 data. Data for earlier years have
not been adjusted to incorporate the 1991
census results.
For the Netherlands, a new survey ques
tionnaire was introduced in 1992 that allowed
for a closer application of il o guidelines.
e u r o s t a t has revised the Dutch series back
to 1988 based on the 1992 changes. The 1988
revised unemployment rate is 7.6 percent;
the previous estimate for the same year was
9.3 percent.
There have been two breaks in series in
the Swedish labor force survey, in 1987 and
1993. Adjustments have been made for the
1993 break back to 1987. In 1987, a new
questionnaire was introduced. Questions re
garding current availability were added and
the period of active workseeking was re
duced from 60 days to 4 weeks. These
changes lowered Sweden’s 1987 unemploy
ment rate by 0.4 percentage point, from 2.3
to 1.9 percent. In 1993, the measurement
period for the labor force survey was
changed to represent all 52 weeks of the year
rather than one week each month and a new
adjustment for population totals was intro
duced. The impact was to raise the unem
ployment rate by approximately 0.5 per
centage point, from 7.6 to 8.1 percent. Sta
tistics Sweden revised its labor force survey
data for 1987-92 to take into account the
break in 1993. The adjustment raised the
Swedish unemployment rate by 0.2 percent
age point in 1987 and gradually rose to 0.5
percentage point in 1992.
Beginning with 1987, b l s has adjusted the
Swedish data to classify students who also
sought work as unemployed. The impact of
this change was to increase the adjusted un
employment rate by 0.1 percentage point in
1987 and by 1.8 percentage points in 1994,
when unemployment was higher. In 1998,
the adjusted unemployment rate had risen
from 6.5 to 8.4 percent due to the adjustment
to include students.
The net effect o f the 1987 and 1993
changes and the b l s adjustment for students
seeking work lowered Sweden’s 1987 unem
ployment rate from 2.3 to 2.2 percent.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this se
ries, contact the Division of Foreign Labor
Statistics: (202) 691-5654.
M a n u fa c tu rin g p ro d u c tiv ity
a n d lab o r costs
Description of the series
Table 45 presents comparative indexes of
manufacturing labor productivity (output per
hour), output, total hours, compensation per
hour, and unit labor costs for the United
States, Canada, Japan, and nine European
countries. These measures are trend compari
sons—that is, series that measure changes
over time— rather than level comparisons.
There are greater technical problems in com
paring the levels of manufacturing output
among countries.
b l s constructs the comparative indexes
from three basic aggregate measures—output,
total labor hours, and total compensation.
The hours and compensation measures refer
to all employed persons (wage and salary
earners plus self-employed persons and un
paid family workers) in the United States,
Canada, Japan, France, Germany, Norway,
and Sweden, and to all employees (wage and
salary earners) in the other countries.
Definitions
Output, in general, refers to value added in
manufacturing from the national accounts of
each country. However, the output series
for Japan prior to 1970 is an index of indus
trial production, and the national accounts
measures for the United Kingdom are essen
tially identical to their indexes of industrial
production.
The 1977-97 output data for the United
States are the gross product originating (value
added) measures prepared by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department
of Commerce. Comparable manufacturing
output data currently are not available prior
to 1977.
U.S. gross product originating is a chaintype annual-weighted series. (For more in
formation on the U.S. measure, see Robert E.
Yuskavage, “Improved Estimates of Gross
Product by Industry, 1959-94,” Survey o f
Current Business, August 1996, pp. 133—
55.) The Japanese value added series is based
upon one set of fixed price weights for the
years 1970 through 1997. Output series for
the other foreign economies also employ fixed
price weights, but the weights are updated
periodically (for example, every 5 or 10 years).
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
55
Current Labor Statistics
To preserve the comparability of the U.S.
measures with those for other economies, b l s
uses gross product originating in manufac
turing for the United States for these com
parative measures. The gross product origi
nating series differs from the manufacturing
output series that b l s publishes in its news
releases on quarterly measures of U.S. pro
ductivity and costs (and that underlies the
measures that appear in tables 39 and 41 in
this section). The quarterly measures are on
a “sectoral output” basis, rather than a valueadded basis. Sectoral output is gross output
less intrasector transactions.
Total labor hours refers to hours worked
in all countries. The measures are developed
from statistics of manufacturing employment
and average hours. The series used for France
(from 1970 forward), Norway, and Sweden
are official series published with the national
accounts. Where official total hours series are
not available, the measures are developed by
b l s using employment figures published with
and exclude manufacturing handicrafts from
1960 to 1966.
The measures for recent years may be
based on current indicators of manufactur
ing output (such as industrial production in
dexes), employment, average hours, and
hourly compensation until national accounts
and other statistics used for the long-term
measures become available.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l in f o r m a t io n on this se
ries, contact the Division of Foreign Labor
Statistics: (202) 691-5654.
Survey of O c c u p a tio n a l
Injuries a n d Illnesses
cludes acute and chronic illnesses or disease
which may be caused by inhalation, absorp
tion, ingestion, or direct contact.
Lost workday injuries and illnesses are
cases that involve days away from work, or
days of restricted work activity, or both.
Lost workdays include the number of
workdays (consecutive or not) on which
the employee was either away from work
or at work in some restricted capacity, or
both, because o f an occupational injury or
illness, b l s measures o f the number and
incidence rate o f lost workdays were dis
continued beginning with the 1993 survey.
The number of days away from work or
days of restricted work activity does not
include the day o f injury or onset of illness
or any days on which the employee would
not have worked, such as a Federal holiday,
even though able to work.
Incidence rates are computed as the
number of injuries and/or illnesses or lost
work days per 100 lull-time workers.
Description of the series
Notes on the data
O ccupational Injury
and Illness Data
(Tables 46-47)
the national accounts, or other comprehen
sive employment series, and estimates of
annual hours worked. For Germany, b l s uses
estimates of average hours worked developed
by a research institute connected to the Min
istry of Labor for use with the national ac
counts employment figures. For the other
countries, b l s constructs its own estimates
of average hours.
Denmark has not published estimates of
average hours for 1994-97; therefore, the b l s
measure of labor input for Denmark ends in
1993.
Total compensation (labor cost) includes
all payments in cash or in-kind made directly
to employees plus employer expenditures for
legally required insurance programs and con
tractual and private benefit plans. The mea
sures are from the national accounts of each
country, except those for Belgium, which are
developed by BLS using statistics on employ
ment, average hours, and hourly compensa
tion. For Canada, France, and Sweden, com
pensation is increased to account for other sig
nificant taxes on payroll or employment. For
the United Kingdom, compensation is reduced
between 1967 and 1991 to account for em
ployment-related subsidies. Self-employed
workers are included in the all-employed-per
sons measures by assuming that their hourly
compensation is equal to the average for wage
and salary employees.
Notes on the data
In general, the measures relate to total manu
facturing as defined by the International Stan
dard Industrial Classification. However, the
measures for France (for all years) and Italy
(beginning 1970) refer to mining and manu
facturing less energy-related products, and
the measures for Denmark include mining
56
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Ill
nesses collects data from employers about their
workers’ job-related nonfatal injuries and ill
nesses. The information that employers provide
is based on records that they maintain under
the Occupational Safety and Health Act of
1970. Self-employed individuals, farms with
fewer than 11 employees, employers regulated
by other Federal safety and health laws, and
Federal, State, and local government agencies
are excluded from the survey.
The survey is a Federal-State coopera
tive program with an independent sample
selected for each participating State. A strati
fied random sample with a Neyman alloca
tion is selected to represent all private in
dustries in the State. The survey is stratified
by Standard Industrial Classification and
size of employment.
Definitions
Under the Occupational Safety and Health
Act, employers maintain records of nonfatal
work-related injuries and illnesses that in
volve one or more of the following: loss of
consciousness, restriction of work or motion,
transfer to another job, or medical treatment
other than first aid.
Occupational injury is any injury such as
a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation that re
sults from a work-related event or a single, in
stantaneous exposure in the work environment.
Occupational illness is an abnormal con
dition or disorder, other than one resulting from
an occupational injury, caused by exposure to
factors associated with employment. It in
December 2001
The definitions of occupational injuries and
illnesses are from Recordkeeping Guidelines
fo r Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (U.S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics, September 1986).
Estimates are made for industries and em
ployment size classes for total recordable cases,
lost workday cases, days away from work
cases, and nonfatal cases without lost work
days. These data also are shown separately for
injuries. Illness data are available for seven cat
egories: occupational skin diseases or disorders,
dust diseases of the lungs, respiratory condi
tions due to toxic agents, poisoning (systemic
effects of toxic agents), disorders due to physi
cal agents (other than toxic materials), disor
ders associated with repeated trauma, and all
other occupational illnesses.
The survey continues to measure the num
ber of new work-related illness cases which
are recognized, diagnosed, and reported dur
ing the year. Some conditions, for example,
long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure
to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to
the workplace and are not adequately recog
nized and reported. These long-term latent ill
nesses are believed to be understated in the
survey’s illness measure. In contrast, the over
whelming majority of the reported new ill
nesses are those which are easier to directly
relate to workplace activity (for example, con
tact dermatitis and carpal tunnel syndrome).
Most of the estimates are in the form of
incidence rates, defined as the number of in
juries and illnesses per 100 equivalent full
time workers. For this purpose, 200,000 em
ployee hours represent 100 employee years
(2,000 hours per employee). Full detail on the
available measures is presented in the annual
bulletin, Occupational Injuries and Illnesses:
Counts, Rates, and Characteristics.
Comparable data for more than 40 States
and territories are available from the b l s Of
fice of Safety, Health and Working Condi
tions. Many of these States publish data on
State and local government employees in ad
dition to private industry data.
Mining and railroad data are furnished to
BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Adminis
tration and the Federal Railroad Administra
tion. Data from these organizations are in
cluded in both the national and State data
published annually.
With the 1992 survey, b l s began publish
ing details on serious, nonfatal incidents re
sulting in days away from work. Included are
some major characteristics of the injured and
ill workers, such as occupation, age, gender,
race, and length of service, as well as the cir
cumstances of their injuries and illnesses (na
ture of the disabling condition, part of body
affected, event and exposure, and the source
directly producing the condition). In general,
these data are available nationwide for de
tailed industries and for individual States at
more aggregated industry levels.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l in f o r m a t io n on occu
pational injuries and illnesses, contact the
Office of Occupational Safety, Health and
Working Conditions at (202) 691-6180, or
access the Internet at:
http://www.bls.gov/iip/
Census of Fatal
O c c u p a tio n a l Injuries
The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
compiles a complete roster of fatal job-re
lated injuries, including detailed data about
the fatally injured workers and the fatal
events. The program collects and cross
checks fatality information from multiple
sources, including death certificates, State
and Federal workers’ compensation reports,
Occupational Safety and Health Administra
tion and Mine Safety and Health Administra
tion records, medical examiner and autopsy
reports, media accounts, State motor vehicle
fatality records, and follow-up questionnaires
to employers.
In addition to private wage and salary
workers, the self-employed, family mem
bers, and Federal, State, and local govern
ment workers are covered by the program.
To be included in the fatality census, the
decedent must have been employed (that
is w orking for pay, com pensation, or
profit) at the time of the event, engaged in
a legal work activity, or present at the site
o f the incident as a requirem ent o f his or
her job.
ing in death from acute exposure to energy,
such as heat or electricity, or kinetic energy
from a crash, or from the absence of such es
sentials as heat or oxygen caused by a specific
event or incident or series of events within a
single workday or shift. Fatalities that occur
during a person’s commute to or from work
are excluded from the census, as well as workrelated illnesses, which can be difficult
to identify due to long latency periods.
Notes on the data
Twenty-eight data elements are collected,
coded, and tabulated in the fatality program,
including information about the fatally in
jured worker, the fatal incident, and the ma
chinery or equipment involved. Summary
worker demographic data and event charac
teristics are included in a national news re
lease that is available about 8 months after
the end of the reference year. The Census of
Fatal Occupational Injuries was initiated in
1992 as a joint Federal-State effort. Most
States issue summary information at the time
of the national news release.
F o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on the
Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries con
tact the b l s Office o f Safety, Health, and
Definition
Working Conditions at (202) 691-6175, or
A fatal work injury is any intentional or unin the Internet at:
http://www.bls.gov/iip/
tentional wound or damage to the body result
Bureau of Labor Statistics Internet
The Bureau of Labor Statistics World Wide Web site on the Internet contains a range of
data on consumer and producer prices, employment and unemployment, occupational com
pensation, employee benefits, workplace injuries and illnesses, and productivity. The
homepage can be accessed using any Web browser:
http://www.bls.gov
Also, some data can be accessed through anonymous ftp or Gopher at
stats.bls.gov
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
57
Current Labor Statistics:
Comparative Indicators
1. Labor m a rk e t indicators
Selected indicators
1999
1999
2000
III
2000
IV
I
II
2001
III
IV
I
II
III
Employment data
E m p lo y m e n t s ta tu s o f th e c iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a liz e d
p o p u la tio n (h o u s e h o ld s u rv e y ):1
L a b o r fo rc e p a rtic ip a tio n ra te .................................................... ,........
67.1
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio ...............................................................
6 7 .2
67.1
67.1
6 7 .4
6 7 .3
6 7 .0
67.1
6 7 .2
6 6 .9
6 6 .8
6 4 .3
6 4 .5
6 4 .2
6 4 .3
6 4 .6
6 4 .6
6 4 .3
6 4 .4
6 4 .4
6 3 .9
6 3 .6
U n e m p lo y m e n t r a te ................................................................................
4 .2
4 .0
4 .2
4.1
4.1
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
4 .2
4 .5
4 .8
M e n .............................................................................................................
4.1
3 .9
4.1
4 .0
3 .9
3 .9
3 .9
4 .0
4 .3
4 .6
4 .8
1 1 .4
16 to 2 4 y e a r s .......................................................................................
1 0 .3
9 .7
10.1
1 0.3
9 .7
9 .8
9 .8
9 .6
10.6
1 1.2
2 5 y e a rs a n d o v e r ...............................................................................
3 .0
2 .8
3 .0
2 .9
2 .8
2 .8
2 .8
2 .9
3.1
3 .4
3 .6
W o m e n .......................................................................................................
4 .3
4.1
4 .3
4 .2
4 .2
4.1
4 .2
4 .0
4 .2
4 .3
4 .7
16 to 2 4 y e a r s .......................................................................................
9 .5
8 .9
9.6
9 .4
9 .5
9 .0
8.6
8 .6
8 .6
9 .2
10.1
2 5 y e a rs a n d o v e r ..............................................................................
3 .3
3 .2
3 .3
3.1
3 .2
3 .2
3 .3
3 .0
3 .3
3 .4
3 .7
E m p lo y m e n t, n o n fa rm (p a y ro ll d a ta ), in th o u s a n d s :1
T o ta l................................................................................................................
1 2 8 ,9 1 6
1 3 1 ,7 5 9
1 2 9 ,0 7 3
1 2 9 ,7 8 3
1 3 0 ,9 8 4
1 3 1 ,8 5 4
1 3 1 ,9 2 7
1 3 2 ,2 6 4
1 3 2 ,5 5 9
1 3 2 ,4 8 3
1 3 2 ,3 4 2
P riv a te s e c to r...........................................................................................
1 0 8 ,7 0 9
1 1 1 ,0 7 9
1 0 8 ,8 7 4
1 0 9 ,5 0 7
1 1 0 ,4 5 6
1 1 0 ,9 1 7
1 1 1 ,2 9 3
1 1 1 ,6 6 9
1 1 1 ,8 8 6
1 1 1 ,7 0 2
1 1 1 ,3 6 2
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g .................................................................................
2 5 ,5 0 7
2 5 ,7 0 9
2 5 ,4 5 9
2 5 ,5 2 4
2 5 ,7 0 4
2 5,7 11
2 5 ,7 3 2
2 5 ,7 0 4
2 5,6 21
2 5 ,3 1 0
2 4 ,9 8 6
M a n u fa c tu rin g ...................................................................................
1 8,5 52
1 8 ,4 6 9
1 8,5 16
1 8 ,4 8 2
1 8 ,5 0 4
1 8 ,5 1 0
1 8 ,4 8 7
1 8 ,3 7 8
1 8 ,1 8 8
1 7 ,8 8 2
1 7 ,5 5 5
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ...............................................................................
1 0 3 ,4 0 9
1 0 6 ,0 5 0
1 0 3 ,6 1 4
1 0 4 ,2 5 9
1 0 5 ,2 8 0
1 0 6 ,1 4 3
1 0 6 ,1 9 5
1 06 ,5 6 0
1 0 6 ,9 3 8
1 0 7 ,1 7 3
1 0 7 ,3 5 6
A v e ra g e h o u rs :
P riv a te s e c to r...........................................................................................
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .4
3 4 .3
3 4 .3
3 4 .2
34.1
M a n u fa c tu rin g .......................................................................................
4 1 .7
4 1 .6
4 1 .8
4 1 .7
4 1 .8
4 1 .8
4 1 .5
41.1
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .7
O v e r tim e ..............................................................................................
4 .6
4 .6
4 .6
4 .7
4 .7
4 .7
4 .5
4 .3
4.1
3 .9
4 .0
1.2
Employment Cost Index2
P e rc e n t c h a n g e in th e E C I, c o m p e n s a tio n :
A ll w o rk e rs (e x c lu d in g fa rm , h o u s e h o ld a n d F e d e ra l w o rk e rs ).
3 .4
4.1
1.1
.9
1.3
1.0
1.0
.7
1.3
.9
P riv a te in d u s try w o rk e rs ......................................................................
3.4
4 .4
.9
.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
1.4
1.0
.9
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g 3............................................................................
3 .4
4 .4
.9
1.0
1.6
1.2
.9
.6
1.3
.9
.7
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g 3...........................................................................
3 .4
4 .4
.9
.8
1.4
1.2
1.0
.7
1.4
1.0
S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t w o rk e rs ..............................................
1 .0
3 .4
3.0
1.5
1.0
.6
.3
1.3
.7
.9
.6
2.1
W o rk e rs b y b a r g a in in g s ta tu s (p riv a te in d u s try ):
1
U n io n ...............................................................................................................
2 .7
4 .0
.9
.7
1.3
1.0
1.2
.5
.7
1.1
1 .0
N o n u n io n .......................................................................................................
3 .6
4 .4
.9
1.0
1.5
1.2
1.0
.7
1.5
1.0
.9
Q u a rte rly d a ta s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .
A n n u a l c h a n g e s a re D e c e m b e r-to -D e c e m b e r c h a n g e s . Q u a rte rly c h a n g e s a re c a lc u la te d u s in g th e la st m o n th o f e a c h q u a rte r.
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g in d u s trie s in c lu d e m in in g , c o n s tru c tio n , a n d m a n u fa c tu rin g . S e rv ic e -p ro d u c in g in d u s trie s in c lu d e a ll o th e r p riv a te s e c to r in d u s trie s .
Digitized for 58
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
2 . A n n u a l a n d q u a rte rly p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in c o m p e n s a tio n , p ric e s, a n d p ro d u c tiv ity
III
2001
2000
1999
2000
1999
Selected measures
IV
III
II
1
IV
II
I
III
Compensation data1,2
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — c o m p e n s a tio n (w a g e s ,
s a la r ie s , b e n e fits ) :
3 .4
4.1
1.1
0 .9
1 .3
1 .0
1 .0
0 .7
1 .3
0 .9
1 .2
3 .4
4 .4
.9
.9
1 .5
1 .2
.9
.7
1 .4
1 .0
.9
3 .5
3 .8
1.1
.8
1.1
1 .0
1.1
.6
1.1
.9
1 .0
3 .5
3 .9
.9
.9
1.2
1.0
1 .0
.6
1 ,2
1 .0
.8
2 .7
1 .0
1.0
.2
1 .7
.7
.8
-.1
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
2 .9
1.0
1 .5
.1
1 .4
1 .3
.6
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
3 .8
1.0
2 .2
-.2
1 .8
1 .8
.7
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
1 .0
I.O
1 .0
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — w a g e s a n d s a la r ie s :
Price data1
C o n s u m e r P ric e In d e x (A ll U r b a n C o n s u m e rs ) : A ll I te m s ......
P r o d u c e r P r ic e In d e x :
.3
1 .0
-.4
1 .2
.1
.0
.0
-.1
1 .0
3 .7
1 .0
1 .9
.1
1 .9
1 .6
1.0
- .1
1.0
1 .0
1 .0
1 5 .3
1 .2
1 0 .2
-3 .5
9.1
1 1 .2
.3
1.1
-.1
1 .0
-1 .0
2 .8
4 .3
2 .9
7 .0
-.6
7 .3
1.0
3 .0
.0
2 .3
2 .2
2 .6
4 .3
3 .0
7 .4
-.6
6 .3
1 .4
2 .3
.1
2 .2
2 .7
3 .5
4 .2
2 .8
4 .5
4 .0
7.1
4 .0
1 .6
.6
3 .4
-
Productivity data3
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s :
N o n fin a n c ia l c o rD o r a tio n s 4 ....................................................................
1
Annual
changes
a re
D e c e m b e r - to - D e c e m b e r
c a lc u la t e d u s in g t h e la s t m o n th o f e a c h q u a rte r.
changes.
Q u a r te r ly
changes
a re
C o m p e n s a tio n a n d p ric e d a ta a re n o t
s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d , a n d th e p ric e d a ta a re n o t c o m p o u n d e d .
c e n t c h a n g e s re fle c t a n n u a l ra te s o f c h a n g e in q u a r te r ly in d e x e s . T h e
d a ta a re s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .
'
4 O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll e m p lo y e e s .
2 E x c lu d e s F e d e r a l a n d p riv a te h o u s e h o ld w o rk e rs .
3 A n n u a l r a te s o f c h a n g e a re c o m p u te d b y c o m p a rin g a n n u a l a v e r a g e s . Q u a rte rly p e r-
3.
A lte rn a tiv e m e a s u re s o f w a g e a n d c o m p e n s a tio n c h a n g e s
Four quarters ending
Quarterly average
2000
Components
IV
III
2000
2001
I
II
III
2001
IV
III
I
II
III
A v e r a g e h o u rly c o m p e n s a tio n :1
A ll p e r s o n s , b u s in e s s s e c to r ...........................................................................
6 .5
9 .4
5 .3
5 .3
4.1
6.1
7 .6
7 .4
6 .6
6 .0
A ll p e r s o n s , n o n fa r m b u s in e s s s e c to r .......................................................
7.1
8 .9
5.1
4 .8
4 .5
6 .3
7 .4
7 .2
6 .5
5 .8
4 .3
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — c o m p e n s a tio n :
C iv ilia n n o n fa r m 2 ..................................................................................................
1 .0
.7
1 .3
.9
1 .2
4.1
4.1
3 .9
4 .1
P r iv a te n o n fa r m .................................................................................................
.9
.7
1 .4
1 .0
.9
4 .6
4 .4
4 .2
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
3 .4
3 .5
3 .4
U n io n .....................................................................................................................
1 .2
.5
.7
1.1
1 .0
4 .2
N o n u n io n .............................................................................................................
1 .0
.7
1 .5
1 .0
.9
4 .7
4 .4
4 .3
4 .2
4.1
1 .3
.7
.9
.6
2.1
3 .3
3 .0
3 .3
3 .6
4 .4
1.1
.6
1.1
.9
1 .0
4 .0
3 .8
3 .8
3 .7
3 .6
1 .0
.6
1 .2
1 .0
.8
4.1
3 .9
3 .8
3 .8
3 .6
U n io n ....................................................................................................................
1.1
.9
.6
1.1
1 .0
3 .2
3 .4
3 .6
3 .8
3 .6
N o n u n io n ............................................................................................................
1 .0
.6
1 .2
.9
.8
4 .3
4 .0
3 .9
3 .7
3 .6
S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n ts ......................................................................
1 .7
.7
.7
.5
1 .9
3 .5
3 .3
3 .5
3 .7
3 .9
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — w a g e s a n d s a la r ie s :
C iv ilia n n o n fa r m 2 ..................................................................................................
1 S e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d . " Q u a r te r ly a v e r a g e " is p e r c e n t c h a n g e fro m a q u a rte r a g o , a t a n a n n u a l ra te .
2 E x c lu d e s F e d e ra l a n d h o u s e h o ld w o rk e rs .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
59
Current Labor Statistics:
4.
Labor Force Data
E m p lo y m e n t status of th e p o p u la tio n , b y sex, a g e , ra c e , a n d H ispanic origin, m o n th ly d a ta seaso n ally ad ju s te d
[N um bers in th o u san d s]
Employment status
Annual average
2000
2001
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
2 0 7 ,7 5 3
2 0 9 ,6 9 9
2 1 0 ,3 7 8
2 1 0 ,5 7 7
2 1 0 ,7 4 3
2 1 0 ,8 8 9
2 1 1 ,0 2 6
2 1 1 ,1 7 1
2 1 1 ,3 4 8
2 1 1 ,5 2 5
2 1 1 ,7 2 5
2 1 1 ,9 2 1
2 1 2 ,1 3 5
2 1 2 ,3 5 7
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e ................
1 3 9 ,3 6 8
1 4 0 ,8 6 3
1 4 1 ,0 0 0
1 4 1 ,1 3 6
1 4 1 ,4 8 9
1 4 1 ,9 5 5
1 41 ,75 1
1 4 1 ,8 6 8
1 4 1 ,7 5 7
1 4 1 ,2 7 2
1 4 1 ,3 5 4
1 4 1 ,7 7 4
1 4 1 ,3 5 0
1 4 2 ,1 9 0
P a rtic ip a tio n r a te ..........
67.1
6 7 .2
6 7 .0
6 7 .0
67.1
6 7 .3
6 7 .2
6 7 .2
67.1
6 6 .8
6 6 .8
6 6 .9
6 6 .6
6 7 .0
6 6 .9
E m p lo y e d ............................
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
1 3 5 ,2 0 8
1 3 5 ,4 6 4
1 3 5 ,4 7 8
1 3 5 ,8 3 6
1 3 5 ,9 9 9
1 3 5 ,8 1 5
1 3 5 ,7 8 0
1 3 5 ,3 5 4
1 3 5 ,1 0 3
1 3 4 ,9 3 2
1 3 5 ,3 7 9
1 3 4 ,3 9 3
1 35 ,18 1
1 3 4 ,5 6 2
Oct.
TOTAL
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
1 4 2 ,3 0 3
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio 2................
6 4 .3
6 4 .5
6 4 .4
6 4 .3
6 4 .5
6 4 .5
6 4 .4
6 4 .3
6 4 .0
6 3 .9
6 3 .7
6 3 .9
6 3 .4
6 3 .7
6 3 .3
U n e m p lo y e d ........................
5 ,8 8 0
5 ,6 5 5
5 ,5 3 6
5 ,6 5 8
5 ,6 5 3
5 ,9 5 6
5 ,9 3 6
6 ,0 8 8
6 ,4 0 2
6 ,1 6 9
6 ,4 2 2
6 ,3 9 5
6 ,9 5 7
7 ,0 0 9
7,7 4 1
5 .4
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ...
4 .2
4 .0
3 .9
4 .0
4 .0
4 .2
4 .2
4 .3
4 .5
4 .4
4 .5
4 .5
4 .9
4 .9
N o t in th e la b o r fo r c e ........
6 8 ,3 8 5
6 8 ,8 3 6
6 9 ,3 7 8
6 9,4 41
6 9 ,2 5 4
6 8 ,9 3 4
6 9 ,2 7 5
6 9 ,3 0 4
6 9 ,5 9 2
7 0 ,2 5 4
7 0 ,3 7 0
7 0 ,1 4 7
7 0 ,7 8 5
7 0 ,1 6 7
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
9 1 ,5 5 5
9 2 ,5 8 0
9 2 ,9 6 9
9 3,0 61
9 3 ,1 1 7
9 3 ,1 8 4
9 3 ,2 2 7
9 3 ,2 8 5
9 3 ,4 1 0
9 3,5 41
9 3 ,6 1 6
9 3 ,7 0 8
9 3 ,8 1 0
9 3 ,9 1 7
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e ................
7 9 ,1 0 4
7 0 ,9 3 0
7 1 ,1 5 5
7 1 ,1 3 5
7 1 ,2 8 9
7 1 ,4 9 2
7 1 ,2 8 8
7 1,261
7 1 ,5 7 5
7 1,3 51
7 1 ,3 4 6
7 1 ,5 5 5
7 1 ,5 1 4
7 1 ,8 9 4
Men, 20 years and over
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
_
7 1 ,9 5 3
P a rtic ip a tio n r a te ..........
7 6 .7
7 6 .6
7 6 .5
7 6 .4
7 6 .6
7 6 .7
7 6 .5
7 6 .4
7 6 .6
7 6 .3
7 6 .2
7 6 .4
7 6 .2
7 6 .6
7 6 .5
E m p lo y e d ............................
6 7 ,7 6 1
6 8 ,5 8 0
6 8 ,7 7 4
6 8 ,6 8 3
6 8 ,8 4 8
6 8 ,9 1 6
6 8,7 61
6 8 ,5 3 4
6 8 ,7 0 6
6 8 ,5 9 5
6 8 ,4 6 6
6 8 ,7 4 5
6 8 ,4 0 2
6 8 ,8 2 6
6 8 ,4 8 1
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio 2................
7 4 .0
74.1
7 4 .0
7 3 .8
7 3 .9
7 4 .0
7 3 .8
7 3 .5
7 3 .6
7 3 .3
73.1
7 3 .4
7 2 .9
7 3 .3
7 2 .8
A g r ic u ltu re ........................
2 ,0 2 8
2 ,2 5 2
2 ,2 1 9
2 ,1 2 2
2 ,2 3 2
2 ,1 2 2
2 ,1 5 4
2 ,1 5 0
2 ,1 1 7
2 ,1 6 9
2 ,0 3 5
2 ,0 2 8
2 ,1 4 0
2 ,1 7 5
2 ,1 1 7
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l
in d u s trie s ......................
6 5 ,5 1 7
6 6 ,3 2 8
6 6 ,5 5 5
6 6,5 61
6 6 ,6 1 6
6 6 ,7 9 5
6 6 ,6 0 7
6 6 ,3 8 3
6 6 ,5 8 9
6 6 ,4 2 6
6 6 ,4 3 0
6 6 ,7 1 7
6 6 ,2 6 2
6 6,6 51
6 6 ,3 6 5
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
2 ,4 3 3
2 ,3 5 0
2 ,381
2 ,4 5 2
2,4 4 1
2 ,5 7 6
2 ,5 2 7
2 ,7 2 8
2 ,8 6 9
2 ,7 5 6
2 ,8 8 0
2 ,8 1 0
3 ,1 1 2
3 ,0 6 9
3 ,4 7 2
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ....
3 .5
3 .3
3 .3
3 .4
3 .4
3 .6
3 .5
3 .8
4 .0
3 .9
4 .0
3 .9
4 .4
4 .3
4 .8
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
1 0 0 ,1 5 8
1 0 1 ,0 7 8
1 0 1 ,4 4 8
1 0 1 ,5 3 3
1 0 1 ,6 1 2
1 0 1 ,6 4 3
1 0 1 ,6 8 6
1 0 1 ,7 7 9
1 0 1 ,8 7 0
1 0 1 ,9 3 8
1 0 2 ,0 2 3
1 0 2 ,0 6 7
1 0 2 ,1 6 5
1 0 2 ,2 7 7
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e ................
6 0 ,8 4 0
6 1 ,5 6 5
6 1 ,5 2 8
6 1 ,6 2 5
6 1 ,8 1 9
6 2 ,1 2 6
6 2 ,2 2 0
6 2 ,4 1 2
6 2 ,1 3 2
6 2 ,1 1 9
6 1 ,8 9 0
6 2 ,1 4 5
6 2 ,1 7 2
6 2 ,2 4 2
Women, 20 years and over
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
_
6 2 ,2 5 2
P a rtic ip a tio n r a te ..........
6 0 .7
6 0 .9
6 0 .6
6 0 .7
6 0 .8
61.1
6 1 .2
6 1 .3
6 1 .0
6 0 .9
6 0 .7
6 0 .9
6 0 .9
6 0 .9
6 0 .8
E m p lo y e d .............................
5 8 ,5 5 5
5 9 ,3 5 2
5 9 ,4 2 5
5 9 ,5 0 6
5 9 ,7 0 8
5 9 ,8 9 4
5 9 ,9 3 2
6 0 ,1 7 8
5 9,741
5 9 ,7 6 6
5 9 ,5 1 0
5 9 ,7 5 2
5 9 ,5 6 2
5 9 ,4 8 9
5 9 ,2 3 7
5 8 .5
5 8 .7
5 8 .6
5 8 .6
5 8 .8
5 8 .9
5 8 .9
59.1
5 8 .6
5 8 .6
5 8 .3
5 8 .5
5 8 .3
5 8 .2
5 7 .9
803
818
748
797
822
852
839
819
847
822
752
773
766
826
853
in d u s tr ie s ......................
5 7 ,7 5 2
5 8 ,5 3 5
5 8 ,6 7 7
5 8 ,7 0 9
5 8 ,8 8 6
5 9 ,0 4 2
5 9 ,0 9 3
5 9 ,3 5 9
5 8 ,8 9 5
5 8 ,9 4 3
5 8 ,7 5 9
5 8 ,9 7 8
5 8 ,7 9 6
5 8 ,6 6 3
5 8 ,3 8 4
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
2 ,2 8 5
2 ,2 1 2
2 ,1 0 3
2 ,1 1 9
2 ,111
2 ,2 3 2
2 ,2 8 8
2 ,2 3 3
2 ,3 9 0
2 ,3 5 3
2 ,3 8 0
2 ,3 9 4
2 ,6 1 0
2 ,7 5 4
3 ,0 1 6
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ....
3 .8
3 .6
3 .4
3 .4
3 .4
3 .6
3 .7
3 .6
3 .8
3 .8
3 .8
3 .9
4 .2
4 .4
4 .8
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
1 6 ,0 4 0
1 6 ,0 4 2
1 5 ,9 6 0
1 5 ,9 8 3
1 6 ,0 1 4
1 6 ,0 6 3
1 6 ,1 1 3
1 6 ,1 0 8
1 6 ,0 6 8
1 6 ,0 4 6
1 6 ,0 8 6
1 6 ,1 4 5
1 6,161
1 6 ,1 6 3
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e .................
8 ,3 3 3
8 ,3 6 9
8 ,3 1 7
8 ,3 7 6
8,381
8 ,3 3 7
8 ,2 4 3
8 ,1 9 5
8 ,0 5 0
7 ,8 0 2
8 ,1 1 8
8 ,0 7 4
7 ,6 6 4
8 ,0 5 4
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio 2...............
A g r ic u ltu r e ........................
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
_
8 ,0 9 7
P a rtic ip a tio n r a te ..........
5 2 .0
5 2 .2
52.1
5 2 .4
5 2 .3
5 1 .9
5 1 .2
5 0 .9
50.1
4 8 .6
5 0 .5
5 0 .0
4 7 .4
4 9 .8
5 0 .0
E m p lo y e d ............................
7 ,1 7 2
7 ,2 1 6
7 ,2 6 5
7 ,2 8 9
7 ,2 8 0
7 ,1 8 8
7 ,1 2 2
7 ,0 6 7
6 ,9 0 7
6 ,7 4 2
6 ,9 5 6
6 ,8 8 3
6 ,4 2 9
6 ,8 6 7
6 ,8 4 4
u la tio n ra tio 2................
4 4 .7
4 5 .4
4 5 .5
4 5 .6
4 5 .5
4 4 .7
4 4 .2
4 3 .9
4 3 .0
4 2 .0
4 3 .2
4 2 .6
3 9 .8
4 2 .5
4 2 .3
A g r ic u ltu r e ........................
234
235
274
257
220
205
143
191
229
201
209
244
211
219
231
in d u s tr ie s ......................
6 ,9 3 8
7,041
6,9 9 1
7 ,0 3 2
7 ,0 6 0
6 ,9 8 3
6 ,9 8 0
6 ,8 7 6
6 ,6 7 8
6 ,541
6 ,7 4 8
6 ,6 3 8
6 ,2 1 8
6 ,6 4 8
6 ,6 1 3
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
1 ,1 6 2
1 ,0 9 3
1 ,0 5 2
1 ,0 8 7
1,101
1 ,1 4 9
1,121
1 ,1 2 7
1 ,1 4 3
1 ,0 6 0
1 ,1 6 2
1,191
1 ,2 3 6
1 ,1 8 7
1 ,2 5 3
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ....
1 3 .9
13.1
1 2.6
1 3 .0
13.1
1 3.8
1 3 .6
1 3.8
14.2
1 3 .6
1 4 .3
1 4.8
16.1
1 4 .7
1 5 .5
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
1 7 3 ,0 8 5
1 7 4 ,4 2 8
1 7 4 ,8 9 9
1 7 5 ,0 3 4
1 7 5 ,1 4 5
1 7 5 ,2 4 6
1 7 5 ,3 6 2
1 7 5 ,4 1 6
1 7 5 ,5 3 3
1 7 5 ,6 5 3
1 7 5 ,7 8 9
1 7 5 ,9 2 4
1 7 6 ,0 6 9
1 7 6 ,2 2 0
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e .................
1 1 6 ,5 0 9
1 1 7 ,5 7 4
1 1 7 ,6 0 3
1 1 7 ,6 4 0
1 1 7 ,9 4 5
1 1 8 ,2 7 6
1 1 8 ,2 8 7
1 1 8 ,2 4 3
1 1 8 ,1 4 5
1 1 7 ,6 8 8
1 1 7 ,7 3 3
1 1 7 ,9 8 2
1 1 7 ,7 2 6
1 1 8 ,2 9 0
1 1 8 ,5 9 7
6 7 .2
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p -
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l
White
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
P a rtic ip a tio n r a te ..........
6 7 .3
6 7 .4
6 7 .2
6 7 .2
6 7 .3
6 7 .5
6 7 .5
6 7 .4
6 7 .3
6 7 .0
6 7 .0
67.1
6 6 .9
67.1
E m p lo y e d .............................
1 1 2 ,2 3 5
1 1 3 ,4 7 5
1 1 3 ,5 8 4
1 1 3 ,5 0 9
113,811
1 1 4 ,0 1 5
1 1 3 ,9 0 2
1 1 3 ,8 5 3
1 1 3 ,4 3 4
1 1 3 ,1 8 5
1 1 3 ,0 3 7
1 1 3 ,2 3 7
1 1 2 ,7 0 3
1 13 ,20 1
_
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p 6 4 .8
65.1
6 4 .9
6 4 .8
6 5 .0
65.1
6 5 .0
6 4 .9
6 4 .6
6 4 .4
6 4 .3
6 4 .4
6 4 .0
6 4 .2
6 4 .0
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
4 ,2 7 3
4 ,0 9 9
4 ,0 1 9
4,1 3 1
4 ,1 3 4
4,261
4 ,3 8 5
4 ,3 8 9
4 ,711
4 ,5 0 3
4 ,6 9 6
4 ,7 4 5
5 ,0 2 4
5 ,0 8 9
5 ,6 9 6
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ....
3 .7
3 .5
3 .4
3 .5
3 .5
3 .6
3 .7
3 .7
4 .0
3 .8
4 .0
4 .0
4 .3
4 .3
4 .8
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
2 4 ,8 5 5
2 5 ,2 1 8
2 5 ,3 3 9
2 5 ,3 7 6
2 5 ,4 0 8
2 5 ,3 8 2
2 5 ,4 1 2
25,4 41
2 5 ,4 7 2
2 5,5 01
2 5 ,5 3 3
2 5 ,5 6 5
2 5 ,6 0 4
2 5 ,6 4 4
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e .................
1 6 ,3 6 5
1 6 ,6 0 3
1 6 ,6 2 7
1 6 ,7 3 2
1 6 ,7 4 2
1 6 ,7 7 3
16,691
1 6 ,7 8 9
1 6 ,6 6 6
1 6 ,6 3 9
1 6 ,7 5 6
1 6 ,6 9 3
1 6 ,7 1 2
1 6 ,7 9 2
u la tio n r a tio 2.................
Black
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
_
1 6 ,7 3 5
P a rtic ip a tio n ra te ...........
6 5 .8
6 5 .8
6 5 .6
6 5 .9
6 5 .9
66.1
6 5 .7
6 6 .0
6 5 .4
6 5 .2
6 5 .6
6 5 .3
6 5 .3
6 5 .5
6 5 .2
E m p lo y e d .............................
1 5 ,0 5 6
1 5 ,3 3 4
15,401
1 5 ,4 8 5
1 5 ,4 7 0
1 5 ,3 7 2
1 5 ,4 4 0
1 5 ,3 4 8
1 5 ,2 9 9
15,311
1 5 ,3 4 3
1 5 ,3 7 4
1 5 ,1 9 5
1 5 ,3 2 7
1 5 ,1 0 4
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio 2.................
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ....]
6 0 .6
6 0 .8
6 0 .8
6 1 .0
6 0 .9
6 0 .6
6 0 .8
6 0 .3
60.1
6 0 .0
60.1
60.1
5 9 .3
5 9 .8
5 8 .8
1 ,3 0 9
1 ,2 6 9
1 ,2 2 6
1 ,2 4 7
1 ,2 7 2
1,401
1,251
1,441
1 ,3 6 7
1 ,3 2 8
1 ,4 1 3
1 ,3 2 0
1 ,5 1 7
1 ,4 6 6
1,631
8 .0
7 .6
7 .4
7 .5
7 .6
8 .4
7 .5
8 .6
8 .2
8 .0
8 .4
7 .9
9.1
8 .7
9 .7
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
Digitized for 60
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
4. C o n tin u e d — E m p lo ym en t status of th e p o p u latio n , by sex, a g e , ra c e , a n d H ispanic origin, m onthly d a ta seaso nally a d ju s te d
[N um bers in thousands]
Employment status
Annual average
2000
2001
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
2 1 ,6 5 0
2 2 ,3 9 3
2 2 ,6 1 8
2 2 ,6 8 7
2 2 ,7 4 9
2 2 ,7 6 9
2 2 ,8 3 0
2 2 ,8 8 9
2 2 ,9 5 7
23,0 21
2 3 ,0 9 0
2 3 ,1 5 7
2 3 ,2 2 2
2 3 ,2 8 8
2 3 ,3 5 1
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e ................
1 4 ,6 6 5
1 5 ,3 6 8
15,491
1 5,6 26
15,671
1 5 ,5 4 0
1 5 ,6 5 3
1 5,7 70
1 5 ,7 7 5
1 5 ,6 0 8
1 5 ,5 7 0
1 5,7 88
1 5 ,7 7 2
1 5 ,8 1 3
1 6 ,0 0 4
P a rtic ip a tio n ra te ..........
6 7 .7
6 8 .6
6 8 .5
6 8 .9
6 8 .9
6 8 .2
6 8 .6
6 8 .9
6 8 .7
6 7 .8
6 7 .4
6 8 .2
6 7 .9
6 7 .9
6 8 .5
E m p lo y e d ............................
1 3 ,7 2 0
1 4 ,4 9 2
14,711
1 4 ,6 8 6
1 4,7 72
1 4 ,6 1 2
1 4,6 73
1 4,7 82
1 4 ,7 4 7
1 4 ,6 3 4
1 4 ,5 3 8
1 4 ,8 4 3
1 4 ,7 7 8
1 4 ,8 0 2
1 4 ,8 5 8
Hispanic origin
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p
u la tio n ra tio 2...............
6 3 .4
6 4 .7
6 5 .0
6 4 .7
6 4 .9
6 4 .2
6 4 .3
6 4 .6
6 4 .2
6 3 .6
6 3 .0
64.1
6 3 .6
6 3 .6
6 3 .6
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
945
8 76
7 80
9 40
8 99
927
9 80
988
1 ,0 2 8
975
1 ,0 3 2
945
994
1 ,0 1 0
1 ,1 4 6
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ....
6 .4
5 .7
5 .0
6 .0
5.7
6.1
6 .3
6 .3
6 .5
6 .2
6 .6
6 .0
6 .3
6 .4
7 .2
T h e p o p u la tio n fig u r e s a re n o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .
NO TE:
2 C iv ilia n e m p lo y m e n t a s a p e rc e n t o f th e c iv ilia n n o n ln s titu tlo n a l p o p u la tio n .
D e ta il fo r th e a b o v e ra ce a n d H is p a n ic -o rlg ln g ro u p s w ill n o t su m to to ta ls
b e c a u s e d a ta fo r th e " o th e r ra c e s " g ro u p s a re n o t p re s e n te d a n d H is p a n ic s a re in c lu d e d in
b o th th e w h ite a n d b la c k p o p u la tio n g ro u p s .
5.
S e le c te d e m p lo y m e n t indicators, m o n th ly d a ta seaso n ally adju s te d
[In tho u san d s]
Selected categories
Annual average
2000
2001
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
E m p lo y e d , 1 6 y e a rs a n d o v e r..
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
1 3 5 ,2 0 8
1 3 5 ,4 6 4
1 3 5 ,4 7 8
1 3 5 ,8 3 6
1 3 5 ,9 9 9
1 3 5 ,8 1 5
1 3 5 ,7 8 0
1 3 5 ,3 5 4
1 3 5 ,1 0 3
1 3 4 ,9 3 2
1 3 5 ,3 7 9
1 3 4 ,3 9 3
1 35 ,18 1
1 3 4 ,5 6 2
M e n ................................................
7 7 1 ,4 4 6
7 2 ,2 9 3
7 2 ,4 2 7
7 2 ,3 5 4
7 2 ,5 3 4
7 2 ,5 8 9
7 2 ,3 5 9
7 2,201
7 2 ,2 4 5
7 1 ,9 7 8
7 1 ,9 2 6
7 2 ,2 7 9
7 1 ,6 9 0
7 2 ,3 3 3
7 1 ,8 7 1
W o m e n .........................................
6 2 ,0 4 2
6 2 ,9 1 5
6 3 ,0 3 7
6 3 ,1 2 4
6 3 ,3 0 2
6 3 ,4 1 0
6 3 ,4 5 6
6 3 ,5 7 8
6 3 ,1 0 9
6 3 ,1 2 5
6 3 ,0 0 6
6 3 ,1 0 0
6 2 ,7 0 3
6 2 ,8 4 8
6 2 ,6 9 1
M a rr ie d m e n , s p o u s e
p re s e n t.......................................
4 3 ,2 5 4
4 3 ,3 6 8
4 3 ,3 4 5
4 3 ,2 5 1
4 3 ,2 9 3
4 3 ,1 3 4
4 3 ,3 4 0
4 3 ,3 8 5
4 3 ,5 1 6
4 3 ,7 3 3
4 3 ,4 2 8
4 3 ,2 9 4
4 3 ,1 7 2
4 3,0 9 1
4 2 ,9 3 2
M a rr ie d w o m e n , s p o u s e
p re s e n t.......................................
3 3 ,4 5 0
3 3 ,7 0 8
3 3 ,6 2 2
3 3 ,6 3 3
3 3 ,6 3 5
3 4 ,2 4 9
3 4 ,0 5 9
3 4 ,0 8 0
3 3 ,6 6 2
3 3 ,6 8 6
3 3 ,3 8 0
3 3 ,6 0 3
3 3 ,8 0 5
3 3 ,6 6 4
3 3 ,1 6 0
W o m e n w h o m a in ta in
fa m ilie s .......................................
8 ,2 2 9
8 ,3 8 7
8 ,4 4 9
8 ,4 9 5
8,501
8 ,4 2 6
8 ,3 7 3
8 ,0 4 9
8 ,1 6 0
8 ,3 1 9
8 ,5 2 9
8 ,5 6 7
8 ,3 2 3
8 ,2 4 0
8 ,2 1 5
W a g e a n d s a la r y w o r k e r s ......
1 ,9 4 4
2 ,0 3 4
2 ,041
2 ,0 0 5
2 ,0 1 9
1 ,9 8 3
1 ,8 3 9
1,9 1 0
1 ,9 0 2
1 ,9 5 8
1 ,7 7 5
1 ,7 8 6
1 ,8 5 0
1 ,8 8 4
1 ,9 0 9
S e lf- e m p lo y e d w o r k e r s .........
1 ,2 9 7
1 ,2 3 3
1 ,1 8 2
1 ,1 8 0
1 ,1 9 8
1 ,1 8 2
1,291
1,231
1 ,2 2 3
1,201
1 ,1 6 6
1 ,2 5 6
1 ,2 3 9
1 ,2 9 0
1 ,2 9 9
40
38
32
25
34
25
29
36
47
38
36
22
29
23
25
1 2 1 ,3 2 3
1 2 3 ,1 2 8
123 ,46 1
1 2 3 ,6 3 2
1 2 3 ,8 1 3
1 2 4 ,0 3 5
1 2 4 ,0 6 9
1 2 3 ,8 1 4
1 2 3 ,3 9 5
1 2 3 ,4 1 6
1 2 3 ,0 0 9
1 2 3 ,4 3 2
1 2 2 ,6 8 6
1 2 3 ,2 7 8
1 2 2 ,6 5 8
Characteristic
Class of worker
Agriculture:
U n p a id fa m ily w o r k e r s ............
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l in d u s trie s :
W a g e a n d s a la r y w o r k e r s ......
G o v e r n m e n t...............................
1 8 ,9 0 3
1 9 ,0 5 3
1 9 ,0 7 3
1 9 ,1 4 6
1 9 ,3 5 2
1 8 ,8 4 3
1 9 ,1 0 3
1 9 ,1 3 4
1 8 ,8 5 4
1 9 ,0 6 7
1 8 ,8 1 2
1 8 ,9 1 9
1 9 ,2 1 9
1 9 ,3 9 7
1 9 ,2 7 4
P riv a te in d u s trie s .....................
1 0 2 ,4 2 0
1 0 4 ,0 7 6
1 0 4 ,3 8 8
1 0 4 ,4 8 6
104,461
1 0 5 ,1 9 2
1 0 4 ,9 6 6
1 0 4 ,6 8 0
104 ,54 1
1 0 4 ,3 4 9
1 0 4 ,1 9 7
1 0 4 ,5 1 3
1 0 3 ,4 6 7
1 03 ,88 1
1 0 3 ,3 8 4
P riv a te h o u s e h o ld s .........
933
8 90
812
827
879
859
823
881
8 12
789
744
7 90
827
809
875
O th e r ......................................
1 0 1 ,4 8 7
1 0 3 ,1 8 6
1 0 3 ,5 7 6
1 0 3 ,6 5 9
1 0 3 ,5 8 2
1 0 4 ,3 3 3
1 0 4 ,1 4 3
1 0 3 ,8 0 0
1 0 3 ,7 2 9
1 0 3 ,5 5 9
1 0 3 ,4 5 3
1 0 3 ,7 2 3
1 0 2 ,6 4 0
1 0 3 ,0 7 2
1 0 2 ,5 0 9
S e lf- e m p lo y e d w o r k e r s .........
8 ,7 9 0
8 ,6 7 4
8,561
8 ,5 3 3
8 ,6 0 0
8 ,6 9 8
8 ,6 1 7
8 ,7 8 4
8 ,6 0 8
8 ,5 3 0
8 ,741
8 ,5 7 4
8 ,481
8 ,5 6 3
8 ,4 8 7
U n p a id fa m ily w o r k e r s ..........
95
101
1 36
1 28
121
110
142
138
93
103
94
88
1 13
102
105
3 ,3 5 7
3 ,1 9 0
3 ,2 2 2
3 ,4 1 6
3 ,2 3 4
3 ,3 2 7
3 ,2 7 3
3 ,1 6 4
3,201
3,371
3 ,6 3 7
3 ,4 6 6
3 ,3 2 6
4 ,1 8 8
4 ,4 6 2
1 ,9 6 8
1 ,9 2 7
1 ,9 0 9
2 ,1 8 3
1 ,9 6 4
2 ,0 3 5
2 ,0 4 3
1 ,9 1 4
2 ,0 9 7
2 ,2 1 5
2 ,2 9 9
2 ,1 2 0
2 ,0 8 6
2 ,8 6 1
3 ,0 2 3
Persons at work part time’
A ll in d u s trie s :
P a rt tim e fo r e c o n o m ic
re a s o n s ......................................
S la c k w o r k o r b u s in e s s
c o n d itio n s .............................
C o u ld o n ly fin d p a r t- tim e
w o r k ........................................
1 ,0 7 9
944
947
886
896
954
933
907
873
9 00
1 ,0 2 5
999
935
1,081
1 ,1 3 4
1 8 ,7 5 8
1 8 ,7 2 2
1 8 ,7 5 8
1 8 ,8 9 6
1 8 ,9 9 3
1 8 ,5 6 8
19,021
1 8 ,6 4 7
1 8 ,7 1 3
18,581
1 8 ,4 7 2
1 8 ,8 4 5
1 9 ,1 5 3
1 8 ,8 2 5
1 8 ,5 9 5
3 ,1 8 9
3 ,0 4 5
3 ,0 4 4
3 ,2 8 5
3 ,0 8 8
3 ,2 2 7
3 ,1 4 3
3 ,0 0 7
3,061
3 ,1 9 7
3 ,5 3 2
3 ,3 3 6
3 ,1 9 6
4 ,0 4 5
4 ,3 4 2
1,861
1 ,8 3 5
1 ,8 0 8
2 ,0 8 2
1 ,8 8 2
1,971
1 ,9 7 0
1 ,8 2 8
1 ,9 8 5
2 ,0 8 9
2 ,2 3 4
2 ,0 5 9
2 ,0 0 4
2 ,7 5 9
2 ,9 5 3
P a rt tim e fo r n o n e c o n o m ic
re a s o n s .....................................
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l in d u s trie s :
P a rt tim e fo r e c o n o m ic
re a s o n s ......................................
S la c k w o r k o r b u s in e s s
c o n d itio n s ............................
C o u ld o n ly fin d p a rt-tim e
w o r k ........................................
1 ,0 5 6
9 24
923
871
877
945
910
877
864
876
1 ,0 2 4
985
911
1 ,0 7 0
1 ,1 0 8
1 8 ,1 9 7
1 8 .1 6 5
1 8 ,2 0 6
1 8 ,3 2 3
1 8 .4 3 7
1 8 ,0 4 0
1 8 ,5 0 9
1 8 .1 3 2
1 8 ,1 7 6
18.061
1 8 ,0 3 9
1 8 .3 0 9
1 8 ,5 8 0
1 8 ,2 7 8
18.0 31
P a rt tim e fo r n o n e c o n o m ic
re a s o n s ....................................
1 E x c lu d e s p e r s o n s "w ith a jo b b u t n o t a t w o rk " d u rin g th e s u rv e y p e rio d fo r s u c h re a s o n s a s v a c a tio n , illn e s s , o r in d u s tria l d is p u te s .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
61
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
5. S e le c te d e m p lo y m e n t indicators, m o nthly d a ta seaso nally a dju sted
[In thousands]
Selected categories
Annual average
2000
2001
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
E m p lo y e d , 16 y e a rs a n d o v e r..
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
1 3 5 ,2 0 8
1 3 5 ,4 6 4
1 3 5 ,4 7 8
1 3 5 ,8 3 6
1 3 5 ,9 9 9
1 3 5 ,8 1 5
1 3 5 ,7 8 0
Characteristic
1 3 5 ,3 5 4
1 3 5 ,1 0 3
1 3 4 ,9 3 2
1 3 5 ,3 7 9
1 3 4 ,3 9 3
135,181
1 3 4 ,5 6 2
M e n ...............................................
7 7 1 ,4 4 6
7 2 ,2 9 3
7 2 ,4 2 7
7 2 ,3 5 4
7 2 ,5 3 4
7 2 ,5 8 9
7 2 ,3 5 9
7 2,201
7 2 ,2 4 5
7 1 ,9 7 8
7 1 ,9 2 6
7 2 ,2 7 9
7 1 ,6 9 0
7 2 ,3 3 3
7 1 ,8 7 1
W o m e n .........................................
6 2 ,0 4 2
6 2 ,9 1 5
6 3 ,0 3 7
6 3 ,1 2 4
6 3 ,3 0 2
6 3 ,4 1 0
6 3 ,4 5 6
6 3 ,5 7 8
6 3 ,1 0 9
6 3 ,1 2 5
6 3 ,0 0 6
6 3 ,1 0 0
6 2 ,7 0 3
6 2 ,8 4 8
6 2 ,6 9 1
M a rrie d m e n , s p o u s e
p re s e n t.......................................
4 3 ,2 5 4
4 3 ,3 6 8
4 3 ,3 4 5
4 3,2 51
4 3 ,2 9 3
4 3 ,1 3 4
4 3 ,3 4 0
4 3 ,3 8 5
4 3 ,5 1 6
4 3 ,7 3 3
4 3 ,4 2 8
4 3 ,2 9 4
4 3 ,1 7 2
4 3,0 91
4 2 ,9 3 2
M a rrie d w o m e n , s p o u s e
p re s e n t......................................
3 3 ,4 5 0
3 3 ,7 0 8
3 3 ,6 2 2
3 3 ,6 3 3
3 3 ,6 3 5
3 4 ,2 4 9
3 4 ,0 5 9
3 4 ,0 8 0
3 3 ,6 6 2
3 3 ,6 8 6
3 3 ,3 8 0
3 3 ,6 0 3
3 3 ,8 0 5
3 3 ,6 6 4
3 3 ,1 6 0
W o m e n w h o m a in ta in
fa m ilie s ......................................
8 ,2 2 9
8 ,3 8 7
8 ,4 4 9
8 ,4 9 5
8,501
8 ,4 2 6
8 ,3 7 3
8 ,0 4 9
8 ,1 6 0
8 ,3 1 9
8 ,5 2 9
8 ,5 6 7
8 ,3 2 3
8 ,2 4 0
8 ,2 1 5
W a g e a n d s a la r y w o rk e rs ......
1 ,9 4 4
2 ,0 3 4
2 ,041
2 ,0 0 5
2 ,0 1 9
1 ,9 8 3
1 ,8 3 9
1 ,9 1 0
1 ,9 0 2
1 ,9 5 8
1 ,7 7 5
1 ,7 8 6
1 ,8 5 0
1 ,8 8 4
1 ,9 0 9
S e lf- e m p lo y e d w o r k e r s .........
1 ,2 9 7
1 ,2 3 3
1 ,1 8 2
1 ,1 8 0
1 ,1 9 8
1 ,1 8 2
1,291
1,231
1 ,2 2 3
1,201
1 ,1 6 6
1 ,2 5 6
1 ,2 3 9
1 ,2 9 0
1 ,2 9 9
40
38
32
25
34
25
29
36
47
38
36
22
29
23
25
W a g e a n d s a la r y w o rk e rs ......
1 2 1 ,3 2 3
1 2 3 ,1 2 8
123 ,46 1
1 2 3 ,6 3 2
1 2 3 ,8 1 3
1 2 4 ,0 3 5
1 2 4 ,0 6 9
1 2 3 ,8 1 4
1 2 3 ,3 9 5
1 2 3 ,4 1 6
1 2 3 ,0 0 9
1 2 3 ,4 3 2
1 2 2 ,6 8 6
1 2 3 ,2 7 8
1 2 2 ,6 5 8
G o v e rn m e n t...............................
1 8 ,9 0 3
1 9 ,0 5 3
1 9 ,0 7 3
1 9 ,1 4 6
1 9 ,3 5 2
1 8 ,8 4 3
1 9 ,1 0 3
1 9 ,1 3 4
1 8 ,8 5 4
1 9 ,0 6 7
1 8,8 12
1 8 ,9 1 9
1 9 ,2 1 9
1 9 ,3 9 7
1 9 ,2 7 4
P riv a te in d u s trie s .....................
1 0 2 ,4 2 0
1 0 4 ,0 7 6
1 0 4 ,3 8 8
1 0 4 ,4 8 6
104 ,46 1
1 0 5 ,1 9 2
1 0 4 ,9 6 6
1 0 4 ,6 8 0
104,541
1 0 4 ,3 4 9
1 0 4 ,1 9 7
1 0 4 ,5 1 3
1 0 3 ,4 6 7
103 ,88 1
1 0 3 ,3 8 4
P riv a te h o u s e h o ld s .........
933
890
812
827
879
8 59
823
881
812
Class of worker
A g ric u ltu re :
U n p a id fa m ily w o rk e rs ............
N o n a g ric u ltu ra l in d u s trie s :
789
744
7 90
827
809
875
O th e r .....................................
1 0 1 ,4 8 7
1 0 3 ,1 8 6
1 0 3 ,5 7 6
1 0 3 ,6 5 9
1 0 3 ,5 8 2
1 0 4 ,3 3 3
1 0 4 ,1 4 3
1 0 3 ,8 0 0
1 0 3 ,7 2 9
1 0 3 ,5 5 9
1 0 3 ,4 5 3
1 0 3 ,7 2 3
1 0 2 ,6 4 0
1 0 3 ,0 7 2
1 0 2 ,5 0 9
S e lf- e m p lo y e d w o r k e r s ........
8 ,7 9 0
8 ,6 7 4
8,561
8 ,5 3 3
8 ,6 0 0
8 ,6 9 8
8 ,6 1 7
8 ,7 8 4
8 ,6 0 8
8 ,5 3 0
8,741
8 ,5 7 4
8,4 8 1
8 ,5 6 3
8 ,4 8 7
U n p a id fa m ily w o r k e r s ..........
95
101
1 36
128
121
1 10
1 42
138
93
103
94
88
1 13
102
105
3 ,3 5 7
3 ,1 9 0
3 ,2 2 2
3 ,4 1 6
3 ,2 3 4
3 ,3 2 7
3 ,2 7 3
3 ,1 6 4
3,201
3,371
3 ,6 3 7
3 ,4 6 6
3 ,3 2 6
4 ,1 8 8
4 ,4 6 2
1 ,9 6 8
1 ,9 2 7
1 ,9 0 9
2 ,1 8 3
1 ,9 6 4
2 ,0 3 5
2 ,0 4 3
1 ,9 1 4
2 ,0 9 7
2 ,2 1 5
2 ,2 9 9
2 ,1 2 0
2 ,0 8 6
2 ,8 6 1
3 ,0 2 3
1 ,0 7 9
944
947
8 86
8 96
954
933
907
873
9 00
1 ,0 2 5
999
935
1,081
1 ,1 3 4
1 8 ,7 5 8
1 8 ,7 2 2
1 8 ,7 5 8
1 8 ,8 9 6
1 8 ,9 9 3
1 8 ,5 6 8
19,021
1 8 ,6 4 7
1 8 ,7 1 3
18,581
1 8 ,4 7 2
1 8 ,8 4 5
1 9 ,1 5 3
1 8 ,8 2 5
1 8 ,5 9 5
3 ,1 8 9
3 ,0 4 5
3 ,0 4 4
3 ,2 8 5
3 ,0 8 8
3 ,2 2 7
3 ,1 4 3
3 ,0 0 7
3,061
3 ,1 9 7
3 ,5 3 2
3 ,3 3 6
3 ,1 9 6
4 ,0 4 5
4 ,3 4 2
1,861
1 ,8 3 5
1 ,8 0 8
2 ,0 8 2
1 ,882
1,971
1 ,9 7 0
1 ,8 2 8
1 ,9 8 5
2 ,0 8 9
2 ,2 3 4
2 ,0 5 9
2 ,0 0 4
2 ,7 5 9
2 ,9 5 3
1 ,0 5 6
924
923
871
8 77
945
9 10
877
864
8 76
1 ,0 2 4
985
911
1 ,0 7 0
1 ,1 0 8
1 8 ,1 9 7
1 8 .1 6 5
1 8,2 06
1 8 ,3 2 3
1 8 .4 3 7
1 8,0 40
1 8.5 09
1 8 .1 3 2
1 8 ,1 7 6
18,061
1 8.0 39
1 8 .3 0 9
1 8 ,5 8 0
1 8 .2 7 8
18,0 31
Persons at work part time1
A ll in d u s trie s :
P a rt tim e fo r e c o n o m ic
r e a s o n s .....................................
S la c k w o rk o r b u s in e s s
c o n d itio n s ............................
C o u ld o n ly fin d p a rt-tim e
P a rt tim e fo r n o n e c o n o m ic
re a s o n s ...................................
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l in d u s trie s :
P a rt tim e fo r e c o n o m ic
r e a s o n s .....................................
S la c k w o rk o r b u s in e s s
c o n d itio n s ............................
C o u ld o n ly fin d p a rt-tim e
P a rt tim e fo r n o n e c o n o m ic
r e a s o n s ....................................
1 E x c lu d e s p e rs o n s "w ith a jo b b u t n o t a t w o rk " d u rin g th e s u rv e y p e rio d fo r su ch re a s o n s a s v a c a tio n , Illn ess, o r in d u s tria l d is p u te s .
Digitized for 62
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
7.
D u ra tio n o f u n e m p lo y m e n t, m o n th ly d a t a s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
[N u m b e rs in th o u s a n d s ]
Weeks of
1999
2001
2000
Annual average
unemployment
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
2 ,5 6 8
2 ,5 4 3
2 ,5 1 0
2 ,5 3 1
2 ,4 4 0
2 ,6 1 3
2 ,7 9 7
2 ,6 7 4
2 ,9 5 8
2 ,6 7 9
2 ,8 0 9
2 ,6 1 2
3 ,0 0 4
2 ,7 6 4
3 ,1 6 5
5 to 1 4 w e e k s ............................................
1 ,8 3 2
1 ,8 0 3
1 ,7 5 5
1 ,7 9 6
1 ,8 5 2
1 ,9 7 7
1 ,6 6 9
1 ,9 9 2
1 ,9 7 7
2 ,0 2 8
2 ,0 8 4
2 ,1 5 0
2 ,1 0 0
2 ,3 6 1
2 ,5 7 0
1 5 w e e k s a n d o v e r ..................................
1 ,4 8 0
1 ,3 0 9
1 ,3 1 1
1 ,3 1 7
1 ,3 2 6
1,3 7 1
1 ,4 9 0
1 ,5 1 7
1 ,4 9 9
1 ,4 8 4
1 ,5 4 0
1 ,5 8 7
1 ,8 1 7
1 ,8 8 4
2 ,0 6 2
1 5 t o 2 6 w e e k s ......................................
755
665
702
713
675
731
793
814
759
852
804
935
982
1 ,0 8 9
1 ,1 7 4
2 7 w e e k s a n d o v e r ..............................
725
644
609
604
651
640
697
703
740
632
737
652
835
795
888
M e a n d u r a tio n , in w e e k s ......................
1 3 .4
1 2 .6
1 2 .4
1 2 .4
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .9
1 3 .0
1 2 .6
1 2 .2
1 3 .0
1 2 .5
1 3 .3
13.1
1 3 .0
M e d ia n d u r a tio n , in w e e k s ..................
6 .4
5 .9
6.1
6.1
6.1
5 .9
6 .0
6 .5
5 .8
6 .5
6 .2
6 .7
6 .5
7 .4
7 .4
8.
U n e m p lo y e d p ersons b y re a s o n for u n e m p lo y m e n t, m o n th ly d a t a s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
[N u m b e rs in th o u s a n d s ]
Reason for
unemployment
J o b lo s e r s 1................................................
N o t o n te m p o r a r y la y o f f ....................
2000
1999
2001
2000
Annual average
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
2 ,5 0 1
2 ,5 1 4
2 ,7 4 2
2 ,8 5 3
2 ,9 6 3
June
May
3 ,1 9 9
3 ,1 5 9
3 ,2 9 1
July
3 ,2 5 2
Aug.
3 ,4 0 9
Sept.
Oct.
3 ,6 0 0
4 ,3 6 0
2 ,6 2 2
2 ,4 9 2
2 ,4 4 6
848
842
825
877
937
1 ,0 3 2
945
991
1 ,0 5 3
1 ,0 8 4
940
1 ,0 0 3
1 ,0 7 9
1 ,1 1 8
1 ,3 6 0
1,621
1 ,6 2 4
1 ,5 7 7
1,711
1 ,9 0 8
1 ,9 7 2
2 ,1 4 6
2 ,0 7 5
2 ,3 5 1
2 ,2 4 9
2 ,3 3 0
2 ,4 8 2
3 ,0 0 0
1 ,7 7 4
1 ,6 5 0
J o b le a v e r s .................................................
783
775
815
768
746
838
820
814
749
820
810
774
894
800
893
R e e n tr a n ts .................................................
2 ,0 0 5
1 ,9 5 7
1 ,8 6 8
1 ,9 3 6
1 ,8 9 9
1 ,9 5 6
1 ,9 2 7
1 ,9 0 8
2 ,0 0 5
1,801
1 ,9 0 6
1 ,9 1 2
2 ,1 6 6
2 ,1 0 8
2 ,0 9 8
N e w e n t r a n ts .............................................
469
431
398
429
466
446
372
382
462
482
477
436
495
476
462
4 4 .6
44.1
4 4 .3
4 4 .4
4 4 .7
4 5 .8
4 7 .8
4 8 .8
4 9 .9
5 0 .4
5 0 .8
5 1 .0
4 9 .0
5 1 .5
5 5 .8
1 4 .4
1 4 .9
1 4 .9
1 5 .6
1 6 .7
1 7 .2
1 5 .8
1 6 .3
1 6 .4
1 7 .3
1 4 .5
1 5 .7
1 5 .5
1 6 .0
1 7 .4
3 0 .2
2 9 .2
2 9 .3
2 8 .8
2 8 .0
2 8 .6
3 2 .0
3 2 .5
3 3 .5
33.1
3 6 .3
3 5 .3
3 3 .5
3 5 .5
3 8 .4
Percent of unemployed
J o b lo s e r s 1.................................................
N o t o n te m p o r a r y la y o f f ....................
J o b le a v e r s .................................................
N e w e n t r a n ts ..............................................
1 3 .3
1 3 .7
1 4.7
1 3 .6
1 3 .3
1 4 .0
1 3 .7
1 3 .4
1 1 .7
13.1
1 2 .5
12.1
1 2 .8
1 1 .5
1 1 .4
34.1
3 4 .6
3 3 .8
3 4 .4
3 3 .8
3 2 .7
3 2 .3
3 1 .4
3 1 .3
2 8 .8
2 9 .4
3 0 .0
31.1
3 0 .2
2 6 .8
8 .0
7 .6
7 .2
7 .6
8 .3
7 .4
6 .2
6 .4
7 .2
7 .7
7 .4
6 .8
7.1
6 .8
5 .9
1 .9
1 .8
1.7
1 .8
1 .8
1 .9
2 .0
2.1
2 .3
2 .2
2 .3
2 .3
2 .4
2 .5
3.1
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
.6
.6
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
.6
.6
1 .4
1 .4
1.3
1.4
1 .3
1 .4
1 .4
1.3
1 .4
1 .3
1 .3
1 .3
1 .5
1 .5
1 .5
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
Percent of civilian
labor force
J o b lo s e r s 1.................................................
N e w e n t r a n ts .............................................
’ In c lu d e s p e r s o n s w h o c o m p le te d te m p o ra ry jo b s .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
63
Current Labor Statistics:
9.
Labor Force Data
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra tes b y s ex a n d a g e , m o n th ly d a t a s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
[C ivilia n w o rke rs]
Sex and age
2000
Annual average
2001
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
T o ta l, 1 6 y e a r s a n d o v e r .......................
4 .2
4 .0
3 .9
4 .0
4 .0
4 .2
4 .2
4 .3
4 .5
4 .4
4 .5
4 .5
4 .9
4 .9
5 .4
1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s .......................................
9 .9
9 .3
8 .9
9.1
9 .2
9 .6
9 .5
1 0 .0
1 0 .4
9 .9
1 0 .4
10.1
1 1 .5
1 0 .7
1 1 .6
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Oct.
1 3 .9
13.1
1 2 .6
1 3 .0
13.1
1 3 .8
1 3 .6
1 3 .8
1 4 .2
1 3 .6
1 4 .3
1 4 .8
16.1
1 4 .7
1 5 .5
1 6 .3
1 5 .4
1 5 .2
1 5 .4
1 5 .8
1 7 .4
1 7 .2
1 6 .0
1 6 .7
1 5 .5
1 6 .0
1 9 .3
19.1
1 6 .2
1 7 .2
1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s ...............................
1 2 .4
1 1 .5
11.1
1 1 .4
1 1 .6
1 1 .5
1 1 .0
1 2 .3
1 2 .6
1 2 .2
13.1
1 1 .8
1 4 .7
1 3 .9
1 4 .4
2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ...................................
7 .5
7.1
6 .8
6 .8
7 .0
7 .2
7 .2
7 .8
8 .3
7 .9
8 .2
7 .5
9 .0
8 .5
9 .5
3.1
3 .0
2 .9
3 .0
3 .0
3 .2
3 .2
3 .2
3 .4
3 .3
3 .5
3 .4
3 .7
3 .8
4 .3
2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s ...............................
3 .2
3.1
3 .0
3 .0
3 .0
3 .2
3 .2
3 .4
3 .5
3 .5
3 .6
3 .6
3 .9
3 .9
4 .4
5 5 y e a r s a n d o v e r .......................
2 .8
2 .6
2 .8
2 .9
2 .6
2 .7
2 .8
2 .6
2 .8
2 .6
2 .8
2 .8
3 .0
3 .3
3 .5
1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ...................................
4.1
3 .9
3 .9
4 .0
4 .0
4 .3
4 .2
4 .4
4 .6
4 .5
4 .7
4 .5
5.1
4 .9
5 .5
1 0 .3
9 .7
9 .4
9 .5
9 .7
1 0 .3
1 0 .8
1 0 .9
1 0 .9
1 1 .0
1 1 .8
1 0 .4
1 2 .4
1 1 .3
1 2 .4
1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ................................
1 4 .7
1 4 .0
1 3 .4
1 3 .6
14.1
1 5 .0
1 3 .8
15.1
1 5 .3
1 5 .9
15.1
1 7 .9
1 5 .8
1 7 .3
1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s ............................
1 7 .0
1 6 .8
1 7 .6
1 7 .5
1 8 .4
2 0 .5
1 8 .5
1 5 .6
1 8 .7
1 7 .4
1 8 .0
1 9 .0
2 2 .7
1 8 .3
2 0 .4
1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s ............................
13.1
1 2 .2
1 0 .7
1 1 .3
1 1 .7
1 1 .8
13.1
1 2 .7
1 2 .8
1 3 .9
1 4 .5
1 3 .0
1 5 .4
1 4 .3
1 5 .2
2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ................................
7 .7
7 .3
7 .3
7 .3
7 .2
7 .6
8 .2
9 .3
8 .7
8 .7
9 .5
7 .9
9 .5
8 .9
9 .8
3 .0
2 .8
2 .9
3 .0
3 .0
3.1
3 .0
3 .2
3 .5
3 .3
3 .4
3 .5
3 .7
3 .7
4 .2
4 .3
M e n , 1 6 y e a r s a n d o v e r .....................
1 5 .5
2 5 t o 5 4 y e a r s ............................
3 .0
2 .9
2 .9
2 .9
2 .9
3.1
3 .0
3 .3
3 .5
3 .5
3 .5
3 .6
3 .9
3 .8
5 5 y e a r s a n d o v e r ....................
2 .8
2 .7
2 .8
2 .9
2 .8
3 .0
2 .9
2 .9
2 .9
2 .9
3 .0
3 .0
3 .3
3 .3
3 .7
W o m e n , 1 6 y e a r s a n d o v e r ...............
4 .3
4.1
3 .9
4 .0
4 .0
4.1
4 .2
4 .2
4 .4
4 .3
4 .4
4 .5
4 .8
5 .0
5 .4
1 0 .8
1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s ....................................
9 .5
8 .9
8 .4
8 .6
8 .7
8 .8
8.1
8 .9
9 .8
8 .8
8 .9
9 .7
1 0 .4
10.1
1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ................................
1 3 .2
12.1
1 1 .9
1 2 .3
12.1
1 2 .4
1 1 .6
1 3 .7
1 3 .3
1 1 .8
1 2 .7
1 4 .4
1 4 .2
1 3 .6
1 3 .6
1 5 .5
1 4 .0
1 2 .8
1 3 .4
1 3 .2
14.1
1 5 .7
1 6 .4
1 4 .5
1 3 .6
1 4 .0
1 9 .6
1 5 .5
1 3 .9
1 4 .0
1 3 .5
1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s ............................
1 1 .6
1 0 .8
1 1 .6
1 1 .5
1 1 .6
1 1 .3
8 .7
1 ", .9
1 2 .4
1 0 .4
1 1 .6
1 0 .6
1 3 .9
1 3 .5
2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ................................
7 .2
7 .0
6 .3
6 .3
6 .7
6 .7
6.1
6 .3
7 .8
7.1
6 .7
7.1
8 .4
8 .2
9.1
2 5 y e a r s a n d o v e r ............................
3 .3
3 .2
3 .0
3.1
3 .0
3 .2
3 .4
3 .2
3 .3
3 .4
3 .5
3 .4
3 .7
3 .9
4 .3
5 5 y e a r s a n d o v e r ....................
64 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3 .4
3 .3
3.1
3 .2
3.1
3 .4
3 .5
3 .5
3 .4
3 .6
3 .8
3 .6
3 .8
4 .0
4 .4
2 .8
2 .6
2 .8
2 .7
2 .4
2 .5
2 .7
2 .2
2 .6
2 .2
2 .5
2 .5
2 .7
3 .3
3 .3
December 2001
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
10. U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te s b y S ta te , s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
State
Sept.
2000
Sept.
2000
Aug.
Sept.
2001p
2001p
Aug.
Sept.
2001p
2001p
4 .6
4 .7
5 .0
3 .7
4 .0
4 .2
6 .5
6 .7
6 .5
4 .9
4 .5
4 .6
State
3 .7
4 .2
4 .6
2 .9
3 .0
3 .0
4 .2
4 .6
4 .9
4.1
4 .8
4 .7
4 .9
5 .3
5 .4
2 .6
3 .9
4.1
3 .8
2 .7
3 .6
3 .7
4 .3
4 .5
2.1
3 .6
3 .6
5 .0
5 .4
5 .7
4 .5
4 .7
4 .9
4 .0
3 .4
3 .2
6 .0
6 .4
6 .6
N o rth C a ro lin a .......................................................
3 .8
5 .0
5 .2
3 .6
4 .3
4 .3
N o rth D a k o ta ...........................................................
2 .8
2 .7
1 .7
4 .3
3 .6
3 .7
3 .8
4.1
4 .3
4.1
4 .2
4 .4
3 .0
3 .3
3 .4
4 .8
4 .6
4 .9
4 .7
6 .3
6 .4
4 .4
5 .5
5 .5
4 .2
4 .9
4 .6
2 .7
4 .2
4 .2
3 .9
4 .5
3 .9
2 .6
3.1
3 .2
3 .6
5.1
5 .3
3 .8
3 .8
3 .8
2 .3
2 .8
3.1
4 .0
4.1
5 .2
4 .6
4.1
4.1
5 6
4 .6
5 .5
4.1
5 .0
5 .0
3 .2
3 .9
4 .2
3 .0
3 .4
3 .2
2 .2
3 .0
3.1
5.1
6 .0
6.1
3 .3
4 .0
4 .3
4 .0
3 .9
4.1
2 .5
3 .9
3 .9
3 .7
5.1
5.1
3 .3
3 .6
3 .4
5 .3
4 .8
5 .4
U ta h ............................................................................
V ir g in ia .......................................................................
W e s t V ir g in ia ...........................................................
W y o m in g ...................................................................
5 .5
5 .0
4 .9
3 .6
4 .3
4 .0
4 .0
3 .8
4 .0
p = p re lim in a ry
11. E m p lo y m e n t o f w o rk e rs o n n o n fa rm p ay ro lls b y S ta te , s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
[In th o u s a n d s ]
State
Sept.
2000
Aug.
Sept.
2001p
2001p
State
Sept.
2000
Aug.
Sept.
2001p
2001p
2 ,7 3 7 .5
1 ,9 1 5 .2
2 ,7 6 8 .5
2 ,7 2 5 .8
2 8 5 .2
2 9 0 .4
2 9 1 .4
3 9 1 .1
3 9 5 .9
3 9 5 .8
2 2 6 8 .4
2 ,2 7 4 .5
2 ,2 6 2 .4
9 1 0 .8
9 1 3 .7
9 1 1 .5
1 ,9 3 9 .3
1 ,9 1 9 .7
1 ,1 6 0 .9
1 ,1 6 5 .7
1 ,1 6 4 .2
1 ,0 3 8 .2
1 ,0 6 8 .5
1 ,0 6 8 .8
1 4 6 4 3 .7
1 4 ,8 0 8 .9
1 4 ,7 9 1 .5
6 2 4 .0
6 2 4 .2
6 2 3 .0
2 2 3 9 .8
2 ,2 6 7 .1
2 ,2 5 7 .2
4 ,0 0 8 .3
4 ,0 1 3 .3
4 ,0 0 6 . 9
1 ,6 9 6 .0
1 ,6 9 2 .4
1 ,6 8 5 .9
7 4 7 .1
7 6 0 .5
7 6 0 .9
4 2 1 .8
4 2 3 .1
4 2 2 .4
8 ,6 6 4 .9
8 ,7 0 3 .7
8 ,7 0 5 .0
3 ,9 9 8 .4
N e w Y o r k ................................................
6 4 9 .8
6 6 2 .7
6 5 2 .9
3 ,9 7 5 .9
4 ,0 0 6 .7
7 1 1 9 .5
7 ,3 2 3 .8
7 ,3 3 5 .2
3 2 9 .2
3 2 7 .4
3 2 9 .0
4 0 1 0 .1
4 ,0 1 5 .7
4 ,0 0 1 .1
5 ,6 5 0 .3
5 ,6 3 7 .2
5 ,6 3 4 .9
5 6 0 .3
5 5 6 .3
5 6 3 .2
1 ,4 9 3 .2
1 ,5 0 6 .0
1 ,5 0 7 .5
5 6 6 .3
5 6 9 .7
5 6 8 .3
1 ,6 0 9 .1
1 ,5 8 6 .9
1 ,5 8 5 .5
6 ,0 3 7 .8
6 ,0 1 6 .6
6 ,0 0 0 .5
5 ,7 1 9 .1
5 ,7 2 0 .2
5 ,7 2 4 . 7
3 ,0 1 0 .2
2 ,9 8 5 .5
2 ,9 8 4 .6
4 7 6 .9
4 7 8 .5
4 7 8 .4
1 4 7 9 .1
1 ,4 8 8 .2
1 ,4 9 0 .5
1 ,8 8 0 .3
1 ,8 8 1 .5
1 ,8 7 9 .6
1 ,3 4 1 .2
1 ,3 7 2 .4
1 ,3 6 9 .4
3 7 8 .7
3 8 2 .4
3 7 9 .7
1 8 2 4 .6
1 8 3 2 .7
1 ,8 3 9 .0
2 ,7 4 8 .4
2 ,7 5 0 .0
2 ,7 5 5 . 4
S o u th D a k o ta ........................................
1 ,9 3 6 .3
1 ,9 4 4 .3
1 ,9 4 3 .3
T e x a s ........................................................
9 ,5 0 1 .6
9 ,6 6 9 .5
9 ,6 8 4 .6
6 0 3 .4
6 1 0 .3
6 1 3 .6
U ta h ..........................................................
1 ,0 8 3 .7
1 ,0 9 1 .0
1 ,0 9 2 .1
2 6 7 4 .4
2 4 6 9 .1
2 5 8 0 .3
2 9 9 .0
2 9 9 .0
2 9 9 .0
3 3 3 8 .0
3 ,3 6 0 .0
3 ,3 6 7 .8
3 ,5 2 4 .6
3 ,5 6 9 .6
3 ,5 7 4 .3
2 ,7 3 6 . 4
4 6 8 8 .2
4 ,6 6 8 .8
4 ,6 5 8 .0
2 ,7 2 4 .7
2 ,7 3 5 .5
2 ,6 7 6 .8
2 ,6 8 0 .6
2 ,6 7 4 .7
7 3 3 .4
7 3 8 .6
7 3 6 .4
1 ,1 5 5 .7
1 ,1 4 0 .2
1 ,1 3 7 .5
2 ,8 3 7 .0
2 ,8 4 0 .4
2 ,8 3 6 . 5
2 3 7 .6
2 4 7 .3
2 4 2 .7
W y o m in g ................................................
p = p re lim in a ry
N O TE: S o m e d a ta in th is ta b le m a y d iffe r fro m d a ta p u b lis h e d e ls e w h e re b e c a u s e o f th e c o n tin u a l u p d a tin g o f th e d a ta b a s e .
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
65
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
12. E m ploym ent of w orkers on nonfarm payrolls b y industry, m onthly d a ta seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]_______________________________________
Industry
Annual average
2000
2001
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
1 28 ,91 6
1 3 1 ,7 3 9
1 32 ,1 4 5
1 32 ,2 7 9
1 32 ,3 6 7
1 3 2 ,4 2 8
1 32 ,5 9 5
1 32 ,6 5 4
1 3 2 ,4 8 9
1 3 2 ,5 3 0
132,431
1 32 ,44 9
1 3 2 ,3 9 5
1 32 ,1 8 2
1 3 1 ,7 6 7
1 08 ,7 0 9
1 1 1 ,0 7 9
1 1 1 ,5 6 4
1 11 ,6 8 9
1 11 ,7 5 3
1 1 1 ,7 9 9
1 11 ,9 1 5
1 11 ,9 4 3
1 11 ,74 2
1 1 1 ,7 6 0
1 11 ,6 0 3
1 1 1 ,5 1 7
1 1 1 ,3 9 0
1 1 1 ,1 7 9
1 1 0 ,7 4 0
GOODS-PRODUCING................
Mining ...................................
2 5 ,5 0 7
2 5 ,7 0 9
2 5 ,7 1 3
2 5,711
2 5 ,6 8 8
2 5 ,6 3 3
2 5 ,6 2 7
2 5 ,6 0 2
25,421
2 5 ,3 2 4
2 5 ,1 8 6
2 5 ,1 2 2
2 4 ,9 6 3
2 4 ,8 7 3
2 4 ,6 9 9
5 39
5 43
551
548
5 48
5 50
5 55
5 57
5 60
564
5 65
5 67
569
5 68
566
M e ta l m in in g .....................................
44
41
40
40
41
39
39
38
37
37
35
34
35
35
35
O il a n d g a s e x tr a c tio n ..................
297
311
3 20
3 19
3 20
3 25
3 28
331
3 35
3 39
3 40
341
3 42
3 42
338
TOTAL.............................
PRIVATE SECTOR................
Sept.p
Oct.p
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra ls ,
e x c e p t fu e ls ..................................
113
114
115
114
112
111
113
113
113
112
112
113
112
111
1 12
Construction............................
6 ,4 1 5
6 ,6 9 8
6 ,7 5 8
6,781
6,791
6 ,8 2 6
6 ,8 8 0
6 ,9 2 9
6 ,8 5 2
6,881
6 ,8 6 4
6 ,8 6 7
6,861
6 ,8 6 2
6 ,8 3 2
G e n e ra l b u ild in g c o n tra c to r s .....
1 ,4 5 8
1,5 2 8
1 ,5 4 9
1 ,548
1 ,5 4 3
1 ,538
1 ,5 5 5
1 ,552
1,5 4 8
1,5 5 6
1,551
1 ,5 5 4
1 ,5 5 7
1 ,5 6 5
1 ,5 5 9
b u ild in g ...........................................
874
901
904
9 09
913
921
930
9 38
9 15
9 23
925
9 35
9 32
933
927
S p e c ia l tra d e s c o n tra c to r s ..........
4 ,0 8 4
4 ,2 6 9
4 ,3 0 5
4 ,3 2 4
4 ,3 3 5
4 ,3 6 7
4 ,3 9 5
4 ,4 3 9
4 ,3 8 9
4 ,4 0 2
4 ,3 8 8
4 ,3 7 8
4 ,3 7 2
4 ,3 6 4
4 ,3 4 6
Manufacturing.........................
18,5 52
1 8 ,4 6 9
1 8,4 04
1 8,382
1 8 ,3 4 9
1 8,2 57
1 8,1 92
1 8,1 16
1 8,0 09
1 7,8 79
1 7,7 57
1 7 ,6 8 8
1 7,5 33
1 7 ,4 4 3
17,301
P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs ...............
12,7 47
1 2 ,6 2 8
1 2,5 45
12,511
1 2,4 66
1 2,3 94
1 2,3 23
1 2,2 54
1 2 ,1 6 6
1 2,0 66
1 1 ,9 5 6
1 1 ,9 0 0
1 1,7 82
1 1 ,7 0 5
1 1 ,6 1 6
Durable goods.......................
11,111
1 1 ,1 3 8
1 1,1 26
1 1,1 20
1 1,1 02
11,031
1 0,9 97
10,941
1 0,8 70
10,7 78
10,6 92
1 0 ,6 2 4
1 0,5 23
1 0 ,4 5 7
1 0 ,3 4 9
P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs ...............
6 ,8 9 5
H e a v y c o n s tru c tio n , e x c e p t
7 ,5 9 6
7,591
7 ,5 6 0
7 ,5 4 4
7 ,5 1 7
7 ,4 6 2
7 ,4 1 5
7 ,3 5 8
7 ,3 0 8
7 ,2 3 5
7 ,1 5 7
7 ,1 0 2
7 ,0 2 2
6 ,9 7 2
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u c ts .....
834
8 32
821
8 17
811
806
7 99
799
8 00
7 97
7 98
797
793
794
790
F u rn itu re a n d fix tu r e s .................
5 48
558
5 59
5 57
5 55
5 52
5 49
5 48
5 43
5 40
5 32
531
519
513
503
565
S to n e , c la y , a n d g la s s
p ro d u c ts ......................................
5 66
5 79
5 77
5 77
5 77
5 79
578
5 78
5 77
5 74
5 72
5 69
568
566
P rim a ry m e ta l In d u s trie s ...........
6 99
698
695
691
686
681
679
671
6 67
660
654
6 48
6 43
639
632
F a b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts ........
1,521
1 ,5 3 7
1 ,5 3 6
1,5 3 7
1 ,536
1,5 2 6
1 ,5 1 4
1,5 0 9
1 ,5 0 3
1,4 8 8
1 ,4 7 8
1 ,4 7 8
1 ,468
1,461
1 ,4 4 8
2 ,1 3 6
2 ,1 2 0
2 ,1 2 3
2 ,1 2 2
2 ,1 1 9
2 ,1 1 7
2 ,1 0 5
2 ,0 8 4
2 ,0 7 2
2 ,0 5 4
2,031
2 ,0 0 7
1 ,9 8 0
1,961
1 ,9 4 0
In d u s tria l m a c h in e ry a n d
e q u ip m e n t..................................
C o m p u te r a n d o ffic e
e q u ip m e n t................................
3 68
361
3 65
3 65
3 66
3 69
370
3 69
3 67
366
357
3 53
3 48
3 42
342
1,6 7 2
1 ,719
1 ,738
1,7 3 7
1,7 3 8
1 ,7 3 5
1 ,7 2 6
1 ,715
1 ,684
1,6 5 6
1 ,5 2 4
1 ,5 8 9
1,5 6 5
1 ,5 4 8
1 ,5 2 6
a c c e s s o rie s ..............................
641
6 82
7 04
7 08
7 10
714
711
7 02
686
6 70
6 50
634
618
610
600
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t........
1,888
1,8 4 9
1 ,822
1,822
1 ,8 1 7
1 ,772
1 ,7 8 6
1 ,775
1,7 6 8
1 ,757
1 ,7 4 9
1,7 5 2
1,7 5 0
1 ,7 4 3
1 ,7 1 7
e q u ip m e n t..................................
1,0 1 8
1,0 1 3
9 94
9 95
9 90
9 52
9 67
9 56
9 50
9 39
931
9 36
931
924
903
A irc ra ft a n d p a r ts .......................
496
465
463
462
464
4 62
464
465
464
465
465
4 66
465
466
463
855
8 52
861
8 65
8 67
8 70
871
871
8 66
865
8 65
8 65
858
8 52
847
E le c tro n ic a n d o th e r e le c tric a l
e q u ip m e n t..................................
E le c tro n ic c o m p o n e n ts a n d
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d
In s tru m e n ts a n d re la te d
p ro d u c ts ......................................
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g
in d u s trie s ......................................
391
394
394
3 95
3 96
3 93
3 90
391
3 90
387
3 89
388
379
380
381
Nondurable goods.................
7,441
7,331
7 ,2 7 8
7 ,2 6 2
7 ,6 4 7
7 ,2 2 6
7 ,1 9 5
7 ,1 7 5
7 ,1 3 9
7,101
7 ,0 6 5
7 ,0 6 4
7 ,0 1 0
6 ,9 8 6
6 ,9 5 2
P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs ................
5 ,1 5 0
5 ,0 3 8
4 ,9 8 5
4 ,9 6 7
4 ,9 4 9
4 ,9 3 2
4 ,9 0 8
4 ,8 9 6
4 ,8 5 8
4,831
4 ,7 9 9
4 ,7 9 8
4 ,7 6 0
4 ,7 3 3
4,7 2 1
F o o d a n d k in d re d p ro d u c ts ......
1,682
1 ,684
1 ,6 7 8
1 ,679
1,6 8 2
1 ,6 8 4
1 ,6 8 6
1 ,687
1 ,687
1 ,684
1 ,6 8 5
1 ,680
1 ,6 7 4
1 ,678
1 ,6 8 5
T o b a c c o p ro d u c ts ........................
37
34
32
33
32
32
31
32
32
33
33
33
35
33
32
T e x tile m ill p ro d u c ts ....................
5 59
5 28
518
5 14
5 10
5 05
4 96
494
489
480
4 72
471
465
460
455
A p p a re l a n d o th e r te x tile
p ro d u c ts .......................................
6 90
633
6 16
611
6 04
571
554
551
541
P a p e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts .........
6 68
6 57
6 55
654
6 52
651
6 45
642
641
6 39
635
6 32
628
628
627
P rin tin g a n d p u b lis h in g ..............
1,552
1,5 4 7
1 ,5 4 4
1 ,540
1 ,5 3 9
1 ,5 3 4
1 ,529
1 ,524
1,512
1,5 0 2
1 ,495
1 ,489
1 ,4 8 3
1,4 7 2
1 ,4 6 3
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts .
1 ,035
1,0 3 8
1 ,0 3 8
1 ,038
1 ,0 3 9
1 ,039
1 ,0 3 9
1 ,0 3 9
1,036
1,0 3 3
1 ,0 3 3
1 ,0 3 9
1 ,0 3 5
1,0 3 2
1 ,0 2 6
P e tro le u m a n d c o a l p ro d u c ts ...
132
1 27
1 26
127
1 27
127
127
126
128
127
128
128
127
129
128
p la s tic s p ro d u c ts ........................
1 ,006
1,011
1 ,002
9 97
935
5 99
5 95
590
581
579
5 67
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s
993
9 87
979
973
9 67
959
953
9 57
947
9 42
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p ro d u c ts ...
77
71
69
69
69
68
68
68
66
65
64
64
62
61
60
SERVICE-PRODUCING..............
Transportation and public
utilities.................................
1 0 3 ,4 0 9
1 06 ,0 5 0
1 06 ,43 2
1 0 6 ,5 6 8
1 06 ,6 7 9
1 0 6 ,7 9 5
1 0 6 ,9 6 8
1 07 ,05 2
1 0 7 ,0 6 8
1 07 ,20 6
1 07 ,2 4 5
1 0 7 ,3 2 7
1 0 7 ,4 3 2
1 0 7 ,3 0 9
1 0 7 ,0 6 8
6 ,8 3 4
7 ,0 1 9
7 ,0 7 6
7 ,0 9 3
7 ,1 0 8
7 ,1 0 6
7 ,1 2 3
7 ,1 2 7
7 ,1 1 9
7 ,1 3 0
7 ,1 1 8
7 ,1 0 8
7 ,0 8 2
7 ,0 6 2
7 ,0 0 7
T r a n s p o rta tio n .................................
4,411
4 ,5 2 9
4 ,5 5 9
4 ,5 7 3
4 ,5 8 3
4 ,5 8 0
4,591
4,591
4 ,5 7 6
4 ,5 8 4
4 ,571
4,561
4 ,5 3 9
4 ,5 2 4
4 ,4 6 8
R a ilro a d tr a n s p o rta tio n ..............
235
236
234
2 35
2 32
229
231
2 30
230
230
227
2 26
226
226
224
p a s s e n g e r tr a n s it.......................
478
476
477
4 78
478
479
480
480
4 77
483
4 83
L o c a l a n d in te ru rb a n
485
486
486
484
T ru c k in g a n d w a re h o u s in g .......
1 ,810
1 ,856
1,861
1 ,8 6 4
1 ,866
1,868
1 ,8 7 0
1 ,872
1 ,864
1,8 6 7
1,8 6 7
1 ,863
1 ,844
1 ,8 3 6
1 ,8 3 4
W a te r tra n s p o rta tio n ...................
186
196
200
2 00
200
201
200
201
2 02
203
201
203
203
205
208
T ra n s p o rta tio n b y a ir...................
1 ,227
1,281
1 ,2 9 8
1 ,306
1,3 1 6
1,312
1 ,3 1 8
1 ,2 5 3
1 ,316
1 ,313
1 ,3 1 5
1 ,3 1 0
1 ,3 0 4
1 ,3 0 3
1 ,2 9 5
P ip e lin e s , e x c e p t n a tu ra l g a s ...
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
T ra n s p o rta tio n s e rv ic e s ............
463
471
475
4 76
477
477
478
4 79
476
4 72
469
4 66
463
462
451
u tilitie s .............................................
2 ,4 2 3
2 ,4 9 0
2 ,5 1 7
2 ,5 2 0
2 ,5 2 5
2 ,5 2 6
2 ,5 3 2
2 ,5 3 6
2 ,5 4 3
2 ,5 4 6
2 ,5 4 7
2 ,5 4 7
2 ,5 4 3
2 ,5 3 8
2 ,5 3 9
C o m m u n ic a tio n s ...........................
1,5 6 0
1,6 3 9
1 ,6 6 8
1,6 7 2
1 ,6 7 8
1 ,679
1 ,6 8 5
1 ,6 9 0
1,6 9 6
1 ,699
1 ,7 0 0
1 ,7 0 0
1 ,6 9 5
1,6 9 2
1,691
s e rv ic e s ........................................
8 63
851
8 49
8 48
847
8 47
847
8 46
8 47
8 47
847
8 47
848
8 46
848
Wholesale trade.......................
Retail trade...............................
6,911
7 ,0 2 4
7 ,0 5 9
7 ,0 7 0
7 ,0 6 8
7 ,0 6 7
7 ,0 6 4
7 ,0 6 6
7 ,0 5 3
7 ,0 3 8
7 ,0 2 2
7 ,0 1 7
7 ,0 1 0
6 ,9 8 8
6 ,9 6 5
2 2 ,8 4 8
2 3 ,3 0 7
2 3 ,3 8 0
2 3 ,3 9 5
2 3 ,4 0 6
2 3 ,4 1 5
2 3 ,4 7 2
2 3 ,4 5 7
2 3 ,5 3 0
2 3 ,5 4 6
2 3,561
2 3 ,6 0 6
2 3 ,5 8 3
2 3 ,5 2 2
2 3 ,4 4 1
C o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d p u b lic
E le c tric , g a s , a n d s a n ita ry
B u ild in g m a te ria ls a n d g a rd e n
s u p p lie s ...........................................
9 88
1 ,016
1 ,012
1,0 0 7
1 ,0 0 7
1,0 0 6
999
1 ,0 0 6
1 ,0 1 4
1 ,0 0 8
1 ,0 1 4
1 ,0 1 4
1 ,0 1 4
G e n e ra l m e rc h a n d is e s to r e s ......
2 ,7 9 8
2 ,8 3 7
2 ,8 2 9
2 ,8 3 5
2 ,8 2 2
2 ,7 8 9
2 ,8 0 7
2 ,7 9 7
2 ,8 0 4
2,821
2 ,8 1 8
2 ,8 1 0
2 ,8 0 0
2 ,7 9 4
2 ,7 9 0
D e p a rtm e n t s to r e s .......................
2 ,4 5 9
2,491
2,481
2 ,4 9 2
2 ,4 8 0
2 ,4 4 8
2 ,4 6 2
2,451
2 ,4 5 9
2 ,4 7 3
2,471
2 ,4 5 8
2 ,4 4 9
2 ,4 4 5
2 ,4 4 7
1,011
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
Monthly Labor Review
Digitized for 66
FRASER
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
1 ,010
12. C o n tin u e d — E m plo ym en t of workers on nonfarm payrolls b y industry, m onthly d a ta seasonally adju sted
[In thousands]__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Industry
1999
F o o d s to r e s .......................................
2000
Annual average
2000
Oct.
Nov.
2001
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.p
Oct.p
3 ,4 9 7
3,521
3 ,5 2 8
3 ,5 2 7
3 ,5 3 2
3 ,5 3 8
3 ,5 4 8
3 ,5 5 0
3 ,5 6 2
3 ,5 5 3
3 ,5 4 4
3 ,5 3 6
3,531
3 ,5 3 2
3 ,5 3 5
2 ,3 6 8
2 ,4 1 2
2 ,4 2 6
2 ,4 2 6
2 ,4 2 5
2 ,4 2 4
2 ,4 2 4
2 ,4 2 0
2,421
2 ,4 2 8
2,431
2 ,4 3 5
2,441
A u to m o tiv e d e a le rs a n d
2 ,4 3 4
2 ,4 3 2
N e w a n d u s e d c a r d e a le rs ........
1 ,0 8 0
1 ,1 1 4
1 ,1 2 2
1 ,1 2 3
1 ,123
1 ,1 2 4
1 ,1 2 4
1 ,1 2 4
1,1 2 2
1,1 2 6
1 ,1 2 8
1,131
1 ,1 3 3
1 ,1 3 4
1 ,1 3 4
A p p a re l a n d a c c e s s o ry s to re s ...
1,171
1 ,1 9 3
1 ,2 0 2
1,2 0 8
1 ,2 1 4
1,221
1 ,227
1 ,228
1,2 2 6
1,231
1 ,2 2 7
1 ,2 1 9
1 ,2 2 4
1 ,2 2 0
1 ,2 0 6
s e rv ic e s ta tio n s ............................
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e fu rn is h in g s
s to r e s ...............................................
1 ,0 8 7
1 ,134
1 ,142
1 ,1 4 4
1 ,148
1 ,1 4 7
1 ,146
1 ,147
1 ,140
1,1 3 6
1 ,1 3 6
1 ,1 3 7
1 ,137
1 ,1 3 8
1 ,1 3 7
E a tin g a n d d rin k in g p la c e s .........
7,961
8 ,1 1 4
8 ,1 3 7
8 ,1 4 2
8 ,1 4 9
8 ,1 5 7
8,171
8 ,1 5 8
8 ,2 1 3
8 ,2 1 6
8,241
8 ,3 1 0
8 ,2 8 0
8 ,2 3 7
8 ,1 9 5
2 ,9 7 8
3 ,0 8 0
3 ,1 0 5
3 ,1 0 3
3 ,1 0 6
3 ,1 3 2
3 ,1 4 2
3,151
3 ,1 6 5
3 ,1 5 5
3 ,1 5 0
3,151
3 ,1 5 6
3 ,1 5 3
3 ,1 3 2
M is c e lla n e o u s re ta il
e s ta b lis h m e n ts .............................
Finance, insurance, and
real estate..............................
7 ,5 5 5
7 ,5 6 0
7 ,5 6 9
7 ,5 7 5
7 ,5 8 2
7 ,5 9 4
7 ,6 0 9
7 ,6 1 8
7 ,6 2 6
7 ,6 4 4
7,631
7 ,6 1 8
7 ,6 2 3
7 ,6 2 8
7 ,6 3 3
F in a n c e ..............................................
3 ,6 8 8
3 ,7 1 0
3 ,7 2 5
3 ,7 2 9
3 ,7 3 5
3 ,7 3 8
3 ,7 4 8
3 ,7 5 5
3,761
3 ,7 7 0
3 ,7 6 7
3 ,7 5 5
3 ,7 5 8
3 ,7 5 5
3 ,7 6 0
D e p o s ito ry in s titu tio n s ...............
2 ,0 5 6
2 ,0 2 9
2 ,0 2 3
2 ,0 2 3
2 ,0 2 5
2 ,0 2 4
2 ,0 2 5
2 ,0 2 8
2 ,0 3 2
2 ,0 3 7
2,041
2 ,0 3 9
2 ,0 3 7
2 ,0 3 8
2 ,0 4 2
C o m m e rc ia l b a n k s ....................
1 ,468
1 ,430
1,421
1 ,420
1,4 2 0
1 ,418
1 ,417
1,4 1 8
1,421
1 ,426
1 ,4 2 8
1 ,426
1 ,4 2 3
1 ,4 2 4
1 ,4 2 5
S a v in g s in s titu tio n s ...................
254
253
253
253
2 53
253
254
254
255
255
256
255
255
256
256
N o n d e p o s ito ry in s titu tio n s ........
709
681
6 78
6 78
6 77
6 78
6 83
6 86
691
6 97
6 99
7 03
709
706
711
6 89
7 48
7 67
770
774
777
781
781
7 80
7 76
7 66
7 55
7 55
754
750
S e c u rity a n d c o m m o d ity
b ro k e rs ..........................................
H o ld in g a n d o th e r in v e s tm e n t
o ffic e s ............................................
234
251
257
2 48
259
259
259
260
258
260
261
258
257
257
257
In s u ra n c e ...........................................
2 ,3 6 8
2 ,3 4 6
2 ,3 3 7
2 ,3 4 0
2 ,3 3 9
2 ,3 4 6
2,351
2 ,3 5 3
2 ,3 5 6
2 ,3 5 8
2 ,3 5 6
2 ,3 5 7
2 ,3 5 7
2,361
2 ,3 5 9
In s u ra n c e c a r r ie r s ........................
1 ,6 1 0
1 ,589
1 ,5 8 0
1 ,583
1,5 8 2
1 ,5 8 8
1 ,592
1 ,5 9 3
1,5 9 6
1 ,598
1 ,5 9 8
1,5 9 9
1 ,598
1 ,6 0 0
1 ,6 0 0
In s u ra n c e a g e n ts , b ro k e rs ,
a n d s e rv ic e ..................................
758
7 57
7 57
757
7 57
7 58
7 59
7 60
7 60
760
758
7 58
7 59
761
759
R e a l e s ta te ........................................
1 ,5 0 0
1 ,5 0 4
1 ,5 0 7
1 ,506
1,5 0 8
1 ,5 1 0
1 ,5 1 0
1 ,5 1 0
1,5 0 9
1 ,5 1 6
1 ,5 0 8
1,5 0 6
1 ,508
1 ,51 2
1 ,5 1 4
Services1.................................
3 9 ,0 5 5
4 0 ,4 6 0
4 0 ,7 6 7
4 0 ,8 4 5
40,901
4 0 ,9 8 4
4 1 ,0 2 0
4 1 ,0 7 3
4 0 ,9 9 3
4 1 ,0 7 8
4 1 ,0 8 5
4 1 ,0 4 6
4 1 ,1 2 9
4 1 ,1 0 6
4 0 ,9 9 5
766
801
8 08
811
813
8 18
821
8 28
824
834
833
8 34
837
839
836
H o te ls a n d o th e r lo d g in g p la c e s
1 ,8 4 8
1 ,912
1 ,9 2 7
1 ,939
1,9 4 6
1,952
1 ,9 5 7
1 ,960
1 ,9 4 4
1 ,9 3 5
1 ,9 2 0
1,9 2 2
1 ,912
1 ,9 0 5
1 ,8 5 9
1 ,2 2 6
1,251
1 ,2 5 9
1,261
1 ,265
1,261
1,261
1 ,265
1,2 6 7
1 ,2 7 7
1 ,2 7 9
1,281
1 ,2 8 4
1 ,2 7 8
1 ,2 7 9
B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ...........................
9 ,3 0 0
9 ,8 5 8
9 ,9 3 9
9 ,9 3 3
9 ,8 9 3
9 ,8 8 8
9,851
9 ,8 2 2
9 ,7 2 9
9 ,7 0 2
9 ,6 6 6
9 ,5 9 2
9 ,5 8 8
9 ,5 6 0
9 ,4 7 0
S e rv ic e s to b u ild in g s ...................
983
994
994
998
1,002
1 ,0 0 7
1,007
1 ,0 0 9
1 ,013
1 ,0 0 8
9 98
997
994
996
P e rs o n n e l s u p p ly s e rv ic e s ........
3 ,6 1 6
3 ,8 8 7
3 ,8 9 0
3 ,8 6 9
3 ,8 1 6
3 ,7 7 9
3,731
3 ,6 9 4
3 ,6 0 0
3 ,5 9 0
3 ,5 5 6
3 ,5 1 7
3,521
3 ,5 0 8
3 ,3 8 6
H e lp s u p p ly s e rv ic e s ................
3 ,2 4 8
3 ,4 8 7
3 ,4 6 5
3,461
3 ,4 0 4
3 ,3 7 2
1 ,0 0 7
3 ,3 3 9
3 ,2 9 3
3 ,2 0 2
3 ,1 9 8
3,161
3 ,1 2 7
3 ,1 1 3
3,111
3 ,0 0 4
1,8 7 5
2 ,0 9 5
2 ,1 3 5
2 ,1 5 2
2 ,1 6 4
2 ,1 7 6
2 ,1 8 6
2 ,1 9 5
2 ,1 9 9
2 ,2 0 0
2 ,2 0 5
2 ,2 0 2
2 ,1 9 4
2 ,1 9 9
2 ,2 0 2
1 ,2 6 6
1 ,309
1 ,3 0 3
1,312
C o m p u te r a n d d a ta
p ro c e s s in g s e rv ic e s ..................
A u to re p a ir s e rv ic e s
a n d p a r k in g ....................................
1 ,1 9 6
1 ,2 4 8
1 ,2 7 0
1 ,278
1,291
1,291
1 ,298
1,3 0 0
1 ,3 0 7
1 ,3 0 6
1 ,2 9 3
M is c e lla n e o u s re p a ir s e rv ic e s ...
3 72
366
366
366
365
365
365
364
364
3 63
361
3 60
362
363
364
M o tio n p ic tu r e s ................................
5 99
5 94
588
5 93
5 97
6 00
6 00
6 05
601
5 87
6 02
5 95
589
592
585
A m u s e m e n t a n d re c re a tio n
H e a lth s e rv ic e s ................................
1,651
1 ,728
1 ,7 4 7
1,7 5 5
1 ,759
1 ,769
1,7 7 2
1 ,775
1 ,7 6 4
1 ,787
1 ,7 6 8
1,7 7 2
1 ,7 7 7
1 ,7 6 4
1 ,7 6 6
1 0,0 36
1 0,1 97
1 0 ,1 4 6
1 0,1 64
10,1 84
10,211
1 0,2 36
10,2 59
1 0,2 80
1 0,2 96
1 0,3 29
1 0,3 54
1 0 ,3 8 4
1 0 ,4 1 4
1 0 ,4 2 8
1,8 7 5
1 ,9 2 4
1 ,9 3 8
1,941
1 ,948
1 ,953
1 ,9 5 8
1,962
1 ,9 6 7
1 ,973
1,981
1 ,9 8 3
1 ,9 9 0
1 ,9 9 3
1 ,9 9 2
O ffic e s a n d c lin ic s o f m e d ic a l
d o c to rs ...........................................
N u rs in g a n d p e rs o n a l c a re
fa c ilitie s ..........................................
1,7 8 6
1 ,7 9 5
1 ,7 9 9
1,8 0 0
1 ,803
1 ,806
1 ,8 0 8
1,811
1 ,816
1 ,8 1 4
1,821
1 ,8 2 3
1,8 2 5
1,831
1 ,8 3 4
H o s p ita ls ..........................................
3 ,9 7 4
3 ,9 9 0
4 ,0 0 5
4 ,0 1 6
4 ,0 2 5
4 ,0 3 5
4 ,0 4 5
4 ,0 5 5
4 ,0 6 2
4,071
4 ,0 8 6
4 ,0 9 8
4 ,1 1 4
4 ,1 2 7
4 ,1 3 2
H o m e h e a lth c a re s e r v ic e s ......
636
6 43
6 46
6 44
6 42
6 46
6 45
648
6 46
645
6 48
6 47
653
656
656
L e g a l s e rv ic e s .................................
996
1 ,0 0 9
1 ,0 1 4
1 ,0 1 3
1 ,0 1 5
1,017
1 ,0 2 0
1,022
1,021
1 ,0 2 7
1 ,0 2 7
1 ,026
1 ,0 2 8
1,031
1 ,0 2 9
E d u c a tio n a l s e rv ic e s ....................
2 ,2 6 7
2 ,3 2 5
2 ,3 2 9
2 ,3 3 8
2 ,3 5 7
2 ,3 6 3
2 ,3 7 5
2 ,3 8 4
2 ,3 8 8
2,431
2 ,4 2 6
2 ,4 3 2
2 ,4 5 2
2 ,4 4 6
2 ,4 6 5
S o c ia l s e rv ic e s ................................
2 ,7 8 3
2 ,9 0 3
2 ,9 5 0
2 ,9 5 8
2 ,9 7 7
2 ,9 8 5
2 ,9 9 7
3 ,0 0 9
3 ,0 2 3
3 ,0 3 9
3 ,0 5 6
3 ,0 4 8
3 ,0 7 6
3,08 1
3 ,0 9 2
C h ild d a y c a re s e rv ic e s .............
680
7 12
7 24
7 27
729
7 32
734
7 39
7 43
745
756
7 60
7 65
754
753
R e s id e n tia l c a re ............................
771
8 06
8 17
8 20
8 23
8 27
8 29
831
8 35
8 42
8 45
8 47
8 48
850
854
z o o lo g ic a l g a r d e n s ....................
99
1 06
107
108
108
1 09
110
110
109
1 10
111
111
111
111
111
M e m b e rs h ip o rg a n iz a tio n s .........
2 ,4 3 6
2 ,4 7 5
2 ,4 8 2
2 ,4 8 6
2 ,4 8 7
2 ,4 8 7
2 ,4 8 7
2 ,4 8 9
2 ,4 8 9
2 ,4 9 6
2,501
2 ,4 9 3
2 ,5 0 3
2 ,5 1 3
2 ,5 1 3
3 ,2 5 6
3 ,4 1 9
3 ,4 6 7
3 ,4 7 8
3 ,4 9 0
3 ,4 9 6
3 ,5 0 4
3 ,5 1 0
3 ,5 1 7
3 ,5 1 2
3 ,5 2 9
3 ,5 4 0
3 ,5 4 4
3 ,5 2 9
3 ,5 3 2
9 57
1 ,017
1 ,0 3 4
1,0 3 5
1 ,040
1 ,046
1 ,0 5 0
1 ,052
1 ,053
1 ,0 5 7
1 ,0 5 9
1 ,064
1,0 6 7
1 ,0 6 7
1 ,0 6 9
M u s e u m s a n d b o ta n ic a l a n d
E n g in e e rin g a n d m a n a g e m e n t
E n g in e e rin g a n d a rc h ite c tu ra l
s e rv ic e s .........................................
M a n a g e m e n t a n d p u b lic
re la tio n s .......................................
1,031
1 ,0 9 0
1 ,108
1,1 1 3
1,116
1 ,1 1 9
1 ,1 2 3
1,1 2 5
1 ,1 2 4
1,121
1 ,1 2 4
1 ,119
1 ,1 2 3
1,121
1 ,1 1 4
2 0 ,2 0 6
2 0,681
2 0,581
2 0 ,5 9 0
2 0 ,6 1 4
2 0 ,6 2 9
2 0 ,6 8 0
20,711
2 0 ,7 4 7
2 0 ,7 7 0
2 0 ,8 2 8
2 0 ,9 3 2
2 1 ,0 0 5
2 1 ,0 0 3
2 1 ,0 2 7
2 ,6 6 9
2 ,7 7 7
2 ,6 2 2
2 ,6 2 0
2 ,6 1 3
2 ,6 1 3
2 ,6 1 5
2 ,6 1 3
2 ,6 1 5
2 ,6 1 2
2 ,621
2 ,6 2 6
2 ,6 2 2
2 ,6 2 5
2 ,6 2 2
F e d e ra l, e x c e p t P o s ta l
S e r v ic e .........................................
1 ,796
1,9 1 7
1 ,7 6 2
1,761
1 ,754
1,7 5 5
1 ,7 5 6
1 ,7 5 4
1,756
1 ,7 5 4
1 ,772
1 ,772
1 ,7 7 4
1 ,7 7 6
1 ,7 7 6
S ta te ....................................................
4 ,7 0 9
4 ,7 8 5
4 ,7 9 8
4 ,7 9 8
4 ,8 0 9
4 ,8 0 0
4 ,8 2 5
4 ,8 3 6
4 ,8 4 7
4 ,8 5 4
4,881
4 ,9 0 9
4 ,9 1 3
4 ,9 4 0
4 ,9 3 8
E d u c a tio n .......................................
1 ,983
2 ,0 3 2
2 ,0 3 5
2 ,0 3 3
2 ,0 3 7
2 ,0 2 8
2 ,0 4 8
2 ,0 5 5
2 ,0 6 5
2 ,0 6 6
2 ,0 8 9
2 ,1 1 7
2 ,1 2 2
2 ,1 4 0
2 ,1 3 7
O th e r S ta te g o v e rn m e n t...........
2 ,7 2 6
2 ,7 5 3
2 ,7 6 3
2 ,7 6 5
2 ,7 7 2
2 ,7 7 2
2 ,7 7 7
2,781
2 ,7 8 2
2 ,7 8 8
2 ,7 9 2
2 ,7 9 2
2,791
2 ,8 0 0
2,8 0 1
L o c a l....................................................
1 2,8 29
1 3 ,1 1 9
13,161
1 3,1 72
1 3,192
1 3 ,2 1 6
1 3,2 40
1 3,2 62
1 3,2 85
1 3 ,3 0 4
1 3,3 26
1 3,3 97
1 3,4 70
1 3 ,4 3 8
1 3 ,4 6 7
7 ,2 8 9
7 ,4 4 0
7 ,4 4 5
7 ,4 4 9
7 ,4 5 7
7 ,4 6 8
7 ,4 7 9
7 ,4 9 2
7 ,4 9 5
7 ,5 1 2
7 ,5 1 5
7 ,5 7 5
7 ,6 5 0
7 ,6 1 8
7,6 2 1
5 ,5 4 0
5 ,6 7 9
5 ,7 1 6
5 ,7 2 3
5 ,7 3 5
5 ,7 4 8
5,761
5 ,7 7 0
5 ,7 9 0
5 ,7 9 2
5,811
5 ,8 2 2
5 ,8 2 0
5 ,8 2 0
5 ,8 4 6
O th e r lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t.............
1 In c lu d e s o th e r in d u s trie s n o t s h o w n s e p a ra te ly .
p - p re lim in a ry .
N o t e : S e e "N o te s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e s c rip tio n o f th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk re visio n .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
67
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
13. A v e r a g e w e e k ly hours o f p ro d u c tio n o r n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs o n p riv a te n o n fa rm p ayro lls, b y industry, m o n th ly
d a t a s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
Industry
Annual average
1999
2000
2001
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
3 4 .5
3 4 .4
3 4 .3
3 4 .2
3 4 .4
3 4 .3
3 4 .3
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0.1
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 3 .2
4 3 .1
43.1
4 3 .0
4 2 .5
4 3 .1
4 3 .2
4 3 .8
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 3 .3
4 1 .7
4 1 .6
4 1 .4
4 1 .2
4 0 .6
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 0 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
P R IV A T E S E C T O R .........................................
3 4 .5
G O O D S - P R O D U C I N G .........................................
M I N I N G .....................................................................
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ............................................
2000
Aug. Sept.p Oct.p
3 4 .0
3 4 .1
3 4 .0
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
4 3 .3
4 3 .4
4 3 .7
4 2 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
O v e r tim e h o u r s ............................................
4 .6
4 .6
4 .5
4 .3
4.1
4 .2
3 .9
4.1
3 .9
3 .9
3 .9
4 .0
4.1
3 .9
3 .8
D u r a b l e g o o d s ..................................................
4 2 .2
4 2.1
4 1 .9
4 1 .6
4 1 .0
4 1 .3
4 1.1
4 1 .3
4 1 .3
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 1.1
4 0 .9
4 0 .7
O v e r tim e h o u r s ...........................................
4 .8
4 .7
4 .6
4 .4
4.1
4.1
3 .9
4 .0
3 .9
3 .9
3 .9
4 .0
4.1
3 .8
3 .7
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts ....................
4 1.1
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
4 0.1
4 0 .3
4 0.1
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .4
4 0 .7
F u r n itu r e a n d f ix t u r e s .................................
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 8 .8
3 9 .2
3 9.1
3 9.1
3 9 .3
3 8 .6
3 8 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .0
3 8 .4
S to n e , c la y , a n d g la s s p r o d u c ts ............
4 3 .4
4 3 .1
4 3 .2
4 3 .0
4 2 .3
4 3 .0
4 2 .8
4 3 .7
4 3 .2
4 3 .9
4 4 .0
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 4 .3
4 3 .6
P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s t r ie s ...........................
4 4 .5
4 4 .9
4 4 .4
4 4 .4
4 3 .5
4 3 .8
4 3 .2
4 3 .4
4 4 .3
4 3 .5
4 3 .9
4 4 .1
4 3 .7
4 3 .9
4 3 .5
4 4 .8
B la s t fu r n a c e s a n d b a s ic s te e l
p r o d u c t s .......................................................
In d u s tr ia l m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t...
4 5 .2
4 6 .0
4 5 .1
4 5 .2
4 4 .7
4 4 .7
4 4 .4
4 4 .4
4 5 .4
4 4 .6
45.1
4 4 .7
4 4 .6
4 5 .5
4 2 .4
4 2 .6
4 2 .2
4 2.1
4 1 .3
4 1 .7
4 1 .7
4 1 .9
4 2 .0
4 1 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .6
4 1 .5
4 1 .1
40 8
4 2.1
4 2 .2
4 2 .0
4 1 .7
4 1.1
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .8
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
E le c tr o n ic a n d o th e r e le c tr ic a l
e q u ip m e n t ....................................................
4 1 .2
4 1 .1
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
3 9 .8
39.1
3 9 .3
3 8 .9
3 9.1
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
T r a n s p o r t a tio n e q u ip m e n t ........................
4 3 .8
4 3 .4
4 3 .0
4 2 .5
4 1 .5
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .4
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 2 .2
4 2 .8
4 1 .3
4 1 .6
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t ............
4 5 .0
4 4 .4
4 3 .9
4 3 .2
4 1 .5
4 2 .1
4 2 .0
4 2 .3
4 3 .3
4 3 .6
4 3 .0
4 3 .0
4 4 .6
4 2 .1
4 2 .4
In s tr u m e n ts a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts ........
4 1 .3
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 0 .7
4 1 .0
4 1.1
, 4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .4
4 1 .3
4 0 .8
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c tu r in g ................
3 9 .8
3 9 .0
3 8 .6
3 8 .4
3 8.1
3 8 .3
3 8 .2
3 8 .2
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 8 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .2
3 7 .6
3 7 .5
N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ..........................................
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0.1
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
O v e r tim e h o u r s ...........................................
4 .4
4 .4
4 .3
4 .2
4.1
4 .3
4 .0
4.1
3 .9
4 .0
3 .9
4 .0
4.1
4.1
4 .1
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ......................
4 1 .8
4 1 .7
4 1 .5
4 1 .4
4 0 .9
4 1 .3
4 1 .1
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
41.1
4 1 .2
4 0 .9
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
4 1 .3
T e x tile m ill p r o d u c t s ....................................
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
A p p a r e l a n d o th e r te x tile p r o d u c ts .......
3 7 .5
3 7 .8
3 7 .5
3 7 .6
3 7 .2
3 7 .6
3 7 .6
3 7 .5
3 8 .0
3 7 .8
3 7 .5
3 7 .7
3 6 .9
3 6 .7
3 6 .4
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ........................
4 3 .4
4 2 .5
4 2 .3
4 2 .2
4 1 .7
4 1 .9
4 1 .7
4 1 .8
4 2 .0
4 1 .6
4 1 .7
4 1 .9
4 1 .2
4 1 .7
4 1 .3
38.1
3 8 .3
3 8 .2
3 8 .2
3 7 .0
3 8 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .6
3 8 .2
3 8 .0
3 8 .0
3 8 .2
3 8 .0
38 0
3 8 .0
4 3 .0
4 2 .5
4 2 .3
4 2.1
4 2 .1
4 2 .6
4 2 .3
4 2 .3
4 2 .6
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
4 2 .7
4 2 .1
4 2 .0
4 2 .1
p la s tic s p r o d u c t s ........................................
4 1 .7
4 1 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .0
4 0 .4
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .9
4 0 .5
L e a th e r a n d le a t h e r p r o d u c ts ................
3 7 .4
3 7 .5
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 6 .8
3 6 .9
3 6 .4
36.1
3 6 .6
3 5 .9
3 6 .2
3 5 .7
3 6 .4
3 6.1
3 5 .9
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .7
3 2 .9
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .7
3 2 .7
3 2 .8
3 2 .6
3 2 .6
3 2 .6
3 2 .6
3 8 .7
3 8 .6
3 8 .6
3 8 .6
3 8 .7
3 8 .7
3 8 .5
3 8 .3
38.1
3 8.1
3 8.1
3 7 .8
3 7 .8
3 7 .5
3 7 .7
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .3
38.1
3 8 .3
3 8 .2
3 8 .2
3 8 .3
3 8 .2
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .1
2 8 .9
2 8 .7
29.1
2 8 .9
2 8 .8
2 8 .8
2 8 .8
2 8 .7
2 8 .6
2 8 .6
2 8 .7
2 8 .7
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ...............
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s
S E R V I C E - P R O D U C IN G ......................................
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D
P U B L I C U T I L IT IE S ........................................
W H O L E S A L E T R A D E ......................................
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
R E T A IL T R A D E ...................................................
2 9 .0
2 8 .9
2 8 .9
p = p r e lim in a r y .
N O TE : S e e " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " f o r a d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a r k re v is io n .
68 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
14. A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s o f p ro d u c tio n or n o n su p erviso ry w o rk e rs o n p riv a te n o n fa rm p ay ro lls , b y industry,
s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
Industry
PRIVATE SECTOR (in current dollars)..
Annual average
2001
2000
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
$ 1 3 .2 4
$ 1 3 .7 5
$ 1 3 .9 0
$ 1 3 .9 7
$ 1 4 .0 3
$ 1 4 .0 3
$ 1 4 .1 1
$ 1 4 .1 7
$ 1 4 .2 1
$ 1 4 .2 4
July
Aug.
$ 1 4 .3 1
$ 1 4 .3 4
$ 1 4 .4 0
$ 1 4 .4 5
$ 1 4 .4 7
1 6.0 1
1 6 .0 4
1 6 .0 8
1 7 .7 9
June
1 4 .8 3
1 5 .4 0
1 5 .5 7
1 5 .6 3
1 5 .6 5
1 5 .6 7
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .7 9
1 5 .7 8
1 5 .8 6
1 5 .9 0
1 5 .9 3
Sept.p Oct.p
1 7 .0 5
1 7 .2 4
1 7 .3 0
1 7 .3 8
1 7 .4 3
1 7 .4 9
1 7 .5 2
1 7 .5 5
1 7 .5 3
1 7 .5 4
1 7 .7 3
1 7 .7 4
1 7 .6 9
1 7 .6 5
C o n s t r u c t io n ....................................................
1 7 .1 9
1 7 .8 8
1 8 .0 2
1 8 .1 6
1 8 .1 7
1 8 .2 8
1 8 .3 0
1 8 .3 3
1 8 .1 5
1 8 .2 2
1 8 .2 8
1 8 .2 6
1 8 .3 5
1 8 .3 6
1 8 .3 9
M a n u f a c tu r in g .................................................
1 3 .9 0
1 4 .3 8
1 4 .5 4
1 4 .5 7
1 4 .5 8
1 4 .5 4
1 4 .6 3
1 4 .6 6
1 4 .7 2
1 4 .7 8
1 4.8 1
1 4 .8 6
1 4 .9 3
1 4 .9 6
1 5 .0 2
1 3 .1 7
1 3 .6 2
1 3 .8 0
1 3 .8 4
1 3 .8 8
1 3 .8 3
1 3 .9 4
1 3 .9 6
1 4 .0 4
1 4 .0 9
1 4 .1 3
1 4 .1 8
1 4 .2 4
1 4 .3 0
1 4 .3 4
Service-producing........................
1 2 .7 3
1 3 .2 4
1 3 .3 9
1 3 .4 6
1 3 .5 3
1 3 .5 4
1 3 .6 2
1 3 .6 8
1 3 .7 3
1 3 .7 6
1 3 .8 4
1 3 .8 7
1 3 .9 3
1 3 .9 8
1 4 .0 0
T r a n s p o r t a tio n a n d p u b lic u tilitie s ........
1 5 .6 9
1 6 .2 2
1 6 .3 9
1 6 .4 2
1 6 .5 0
16.51
1 6 .6 4
1 6 .6 8
1 6 .7 4
1 6 .7 6
1 6.91
1 6 .8 8
1 6 .9 5
1 7 .0 4
1 7 .1 4
W h o le s a le tr a d e ............................................
1 4 .5 9
1 5 .2 0
1 5 .3 7
1 5 .4 4
1 5 .5 5
1 5 .5 3
1 5 .6 0
1 5 .6 8
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .7 0
1 5 .8 6
1 5 .8 4
15.8 1
1 5 .9 8
1 5 .8 4
9 .0 9
9 .4 6
9 .5 7
9.61
9 .6 5
9 .6 4
9 .6 9
9 .7 2
9 .7 4
9 .7 9
9 .8 3
9 .8 4
9 .8 7
9 .8 6
9 .9 1
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d re a l e s ta te ....
1 4 .6 2
1 5 .0 7
1 5 .2 0
1 5 .2 8
1 5 .3 5
1 5 .4 4
1 5 .5 5
15.6 1
1 5 .6 4
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .8 6
1 5.9 1
1 5 .9 9
1 6.0 1
1 5 .9 7
S e r v ic e s .............................................................
1 3 .3 7
1 3.9 1
1 4 .0 7
1 4 .1 6
1 4 .2 3
1 4 .2 5
1 4 .3 5
1 4 .4 0
1 4 .4 8
1 4 .4 9
1 4 .5 4
14.6 1
1 4.7 1
1 4 .7 7
1 4 .8 0
PRIVATE SECTOR (in constant (1982)
dollars)......................................
7 .8 6
7 .8 9
7 .9 0
7 .9 2
7 .9 4
7 .9 0
7 .9 2
7 .9 5
7 .9 4
7 .9 3
7 .9 5
8 .0 0
8 .0 3
8 .0 2
8 .0 6
R e ta il t r a d e ......................................................
p = p r e lim in a r y .
N O TE : S e e " N o te s o n t h e d a ta " fo r a d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k re v is io n .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
69
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
15. A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s o f p ro d u c tio n o r n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs o n p riv a te n o n fa rm p ayro lls, b y industry
Industry
P R IV A T E S E C T O R .............................................
Annual average
2000
2001
1999
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
$ 1 3 .2 4
$ 1 3 .7 5
Sept.p Oct.p
$ 1 3 .9 7
$ 1 3 .9 9
$ 1 4 .0 4
$ 1 4 .1 0
$ 1 4 .1 6
$ 1 4 .1 9
$ 1 4 .2 7
$ 1 4 .2 2
$ 1 4 .2 2
$ 1 4 .2 7
$ 1 4 .2 8
$ 1 4 .5 1
$ 1 4 .5 0
M I N I N G ......................................................................
1 7 .0 5
1 7 .2 4
1 7 .2 8
1 7 .3 2
1 7 .5 4
1 7 .6 7
17.6 1
1 7 .5 7
1 7 .6 0
1 7 .4 9
1 7 .5 9
1 7 .6 7
1 7 .5 3
1 7.71
1 7 .7 7
C O N S T R U C T I O N .................................................
1 7 .1 9
1 7 .8 8
1 8 .2 2
1 8 .2 0
1 8 .2 3
1 8 .1 7
1 8 .1 6
1 8 .3 0
1 8 .0 7
1 8 .1 7
1 8.21
1 8 .3 2
1 8 .4 3
1 8 .5 2
1 8 .5 9
M A N U F A C T U R I N G .............................................
1 3 .9 0
1 4 .3 8
1 4 .5 3
1 4 .6 0
1 4 .6 7
1 4 .5 9
14.6 1
1 4 .6 5
1 4 .7 4
1 4 .7 5
1 4 .7 9
1 4 .8 4
1 4 .8 9
1 5.01
1 5 .0 1
Durable g o o d s ..................................................
1 4 .3 6
1 4 .8 2
1 4 .9 9
1 5 .0 5
1 5.1 1
1 4 .9 8
1 5 .0 3
1 5 .0 9
1 5 .1 4
1 5 .1 9
1 5 .2 4
1 5 .2 5
1 5 .3 7
1 5 .4 8
1 5 .4 8
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts ....................
1 1.51
1 1 .9 3
1 2 .0 9
1 2 .0 7
1 2 .1 2
1 2 .1 3
1 2 .0 8
1 2 .0 8
1 2 .1 3
1 2 .1 6
1 2 .1 9
1 2 .3 2
1 2 .3 7
1 2 .4 5
1 2 .3 5
F u r n itu r e a n d f ix t u r e s .................................
1 1 .2 9
1 1 .7 3
1 1 .8 6
1 1 .9 0
1 1 .9 3
1 1 .9 2
1 2 .0 3
1 2 .0 4
1 2 .0 7
1 2 .0 9
1 2 .1 5
1 2 .2 4
1 2 .2 9
1 2 .3 5
1 2 .3 4
S to n e , c la y , a n d g la s s p r o d u c ts ............
1 3 .9 7
1 4 .5 3
1 4 .7 5
1 4 .7 6
1 4 .7 2
1 4 .6 5
1 4 .6 8
1 4 .7 9
1 4 .9 6
1 5 .0 3
1 5 .1 3
1 5 .1 2
1 5 .1 7
1 5 .2 3
1 5.2 1
P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s t r ie s ...........................
1 5 .8 0
1 6 .4 2
1 6 .4 8
1 6 .5 8
1 6 .6 5
1 6 .6 6
1 6 .5 8
1 6 .6 3
1 6 .9 0
1 6 .8 2
1 6 .9 6
1 7 .1 1
1 7 .0 6
1 7 .2 6
1 7 .1 1
2 0 .4 7
B la s t f u r n a c e s a n d b a s ic s te e l
p r o d u c t s .......................................................
1 8 .8 4
1 9 .8 2
1 9 .8 4
1 9.71
1 9 .8 8
2 0 .1 6
2 0 .0 5
2 0 .0 0
2 0 .3 7
2 0 .2 6
2 0 .3 9
2 0 .4 8
2 0 .6 3
2 0 .8 8
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c t s .......................
1 3 .5 0
1 3 .8 7
1 4.01
1 4 .0 3
1 4 .0 9
1 3 .9 9
1 4 .0 3
1 4 .0 8
1 4.11
1 4 .2 3
1 4 .2 5
1 4 .2 7
1 4 .3 4
1 4 .4 3
1 4 .3 4
In d u s tr ia l m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t...
1 5 .0 3
1 5 .5 5
1 5 .6 6
1 5 .6 7
15.8 1
1 5 .7 3
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .7 7
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .7 9
1 5 .8 2
1 5 .9 0
1 5 .9 6
1 6 .0 5
1 6 .0 9
1 4 .7 7
E le c tr o n ic a n d o th e r e le c tr ic a l
e q u ip m e n t ....................................................
1 3 .4 3
1 3 .8 0
1 4 .0 0
1 4 .0 4
1 4 .1 7
1 4 .0 7
1 4 .1 6
1 4 .2 6
1 4 .3 9
1 4 .3 8
1 4.51
1 4 .5 9
1 4 .7 2
1 4 .8 4
T r a n s p o r t a tio n e q u ip m e n t........................
1 7 .7 9
1 8 .4 5
1 8 .8 8
1 9 .0 5
1 9 .0 0
1 8 .5 7
1 8 .6 8
1 8 .7 6
1 8 .7 7
1 8 .8 3
1 8 .9 0
1 8 .8 0
1 9 .0 8
1 9 .3 0
1 9 .4 3
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t ............
1 8 .1 0
1 8 .7 9
1 9 .2 6
1 9 .4 3
1 9.31
1 8 .7 7
18.9 1
1 9 .0 2
1 9 .1 3
1 9 .1 8
1 9 .2 5
1 9 .0 4
1 9 .3 9
1 9 .6 8
1 9 .9 1
I n s tr u m e n ts a n d re la te d p r o d u c ts ........
1 4 .0 8
1 4 .4 3
1 4 .6 2
1 4 .6 4
1 4 .8 0
1 4 .6 4
1 4 .6 0
1 4 .7 3
1 4 .8 0
1 4 .7 5
1 4.81
1 4 .9 8
1 5 .0 0
1 5 .0 8
1 5 .1 5
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c tu r in g ................
1 1 .2 6
1 1 .6 3
1 1 .7 5
1 1 .8 2
1 1 .9 4
1 1 .9 8
1 1 .9 8
1 2 .0 5
1 2 .0 4
1 2 .1 0
1 2 .0 7
1 2 .1 2
1 2 .2 3
1 2 .3 7
1 2 .3 4
N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ..........................................
1 3.2 1
1 3 .6 9
1 3.81
1 3 .8 9
1 3 .9 7
1 2 .9 7
1 3 .9 7
1 3 .9 7
1 4 .1 2
1 4 .0 7
1 4.1 1
1 4 .2 3
1 4 .1 7
1 4 .3 2
1 4 .3 2
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ......................
1 2.1 1
1 2 .5 0
1 2 .5 9
1 2 .6 9
1 2.71
1 2 .7 0
1 2 .6 5
1 2 .6 8
1 2 .7 9
1 2 .8 3
1 2 .8 6
1 2 .9 3
1 2 .8 7
1 2 .9 7
1 3 .0 0
T o b a c c o p r o d u c t s ........................................
1 9 .8 7
2 1 .5 7
2 2 .4 7
2 1 .8 5
2 1 .7 6
2 1 .3 4
2 1 .4 9
2 2 .6 3
2 2 .5 9
2 3 .0 1
2 3 .1 7
2 3 .6 3
2 1 .9 0
2 1 .7 0
2 1 .6 6
T e x tile m ill p r o d u c t s ....................................
1 0.8 1
1 1 .1 6
1 1 .2 3
1 1 .2 7
1 1 .2 7
1 1 .3 2
1 1 .2 7
1 1.31
1 1 .3 0
1 1 .2 9
1 1 .3 2
1 1 .3 7
1 1 .3 9
1 1 .3 9
1 1 .3 6
A p p a r e l a n d o th e r te x tile p r o d u c ts .......
8 .9 2
9 .3 0
9 .3 7
9 .3 3
9 .3 7
9 .3 9
9 .3 6
9 .4 6
9 .4 4
9 .3 9
9 .4 5
9 .4 0
9 .4 4
9 .5 6
9 .5 2
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ........................
1 5 .8 8
1 6 .2 5
1 6 .4 3
1 6 .5 0
1 6.61
1 6 .5 3
1 6 .5 4
1 6 .5 6
1 6 .7 4
1 6 .7 2
1 6 .9 0
1 6 .9 9
1 6 .8 7
1 7 .1 2
1 7 .1 8
P rin tin g a n d p u b lis h in g ...............................
1 3 .9 6
1 4 .4 0
1 4 .5 0
1 4 .5 6
1 4 .6 6
1 4 .5 9
1 4 .6 4
1 4 .6 9
1 4 .7 5
1 4 .7 5
1 4 .7 4
1 4 .8 3
1 4 .8 7
1 5.0 1
1 4 .9 5
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ...............
1 7 .4 2
1 8 .1 5
1 8 .2 7
1 8 .3 5
1 8 .4 7
1 8 .3 4
1 8.41
1 8 .3 3
1 8 .6 4
1 8 .5 2
1 8 .5 5
1 8 .6 9
1 8 .5 4
1 8 .8 6
1 8 .7 5
P e tr o le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c ts ..................
2 2 .1 0
2 2 .2 1
2 1 .8 3
2 2 .0 9
2 1 .8 3
2 1 .7 8
2 2 .0 2
2 2 .2 0
2 2 .2 7
2 2 .3 9
2 1 .4 3
2 2 .0 0
2 2 .1 4
2 2 .2 3
2 2 .3 1
p la s tic s p r o d u c t s ........................................
1 2 .4 0
1 2 .8 5
1 2 .9 8
1 3 .1 0
1 3 .2 0
1 3 .2 4
1 3.31
1 3 .1 9
1 3 .3 3
1 3 .3 0
1 3 .3 0
1 3 .3 8
1 3 .4 4
1 3.5 1
1 3 .5 2
L e a t h e r a n d le a t h e r p r o d u c ts ..................
9 .7 1
1 0 .1 8
1 0 .3 3
1 0 .3 2
1 0 .3 7
1 0.51
1 0 .3 5
1 0 .4 6
1 0 .3 7
1 0 .2 6
1 0 .3 0
1 0 .2 5
1 0 .3 5
1 0 .3 0
1 0 .1 9
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D
P U B L I C U T I L IT IE S .........................................
1 5 .6 9
1 6 .2 2
1 6 .3 8
1 6 .4 3
1 6 .5 3
1 6 .5 6
1 6 .6 8
1 6 .6 5
1 6 .7 8
1 6 .7 0
1 6 .8 3
1 6 .8 9
1 6 .9 7
1 7 .0 9
1 7 .1 2
W H O L E S A L E T R A D E .......................................
1 4 .5 9
1 5 .2 0
1 5 .4 5
1 5 .4 5
1 5 .5 8
1 5 .5 6
1 5 .6 2
1 5 .5 8
1 5 .8 6
1 5 .6 6
1 5 .7 7
1 5 .8 8
1 5 .7 5
1 6 .0 3
1 5 .8 3
R E T A IL T R A D E ....................................................
9 .0 9
9 .4 6
9 .5 9
9.6 1
9 .6 5
9 .6 9
9 .7 2
9 .7 4
9 .7 8
9 .7 8
9 .7 7
9 .7 7
9 .7 9
9 .9 2
9 .9 3
A N D R E A L E S T A T E ......................................
1 4 .6 2
1 5 .0 7
1 5 .2 4
1 5 .2 5
1 5 .3 2
1 5 .4 5
1 5 .6 3
1 5 .6 7
1 5.81
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .7 5
1 5 .8 5
1 5 .8 4
1 6 .0 3
1 5 .9 0
S E R V I C E S ...............................................................
1 3 .3 7
13.9 1
14.1 1
1 4 .2 0
1 4 .3 3
1 4 .3 9
1 4 .4 7
1 4 .4 8
1 4 .5 8
1 4 .4 6
1 4 .3 9
1 4 .4 6
1 4 .4 6
1 4 .7 8
1 4 .7 9
F IN A N C E , IN S U R A N C E ,
p = p r e lim in a r y .
N O TE: S e e " N o t e s o n t h e d a ta " f o r a d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k re v is io n .
Digitized for70
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
16.
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f p ro d u c tio n or n o n s u p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs o n p riv a te n o n fa rm p a yro lls , b y industry
Industry
Annual average
2000
2001
2000
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
$ 4 5 6 .7 8
$ 4 7 4 .3 8
Sept.p
o
O
1999
PRIVATESECTOR
C u rre n t d o lla r s ..................................
$ 48 4 .7 6
$ 4 7 9 .8 6
$ 4 8 0 .1 7
$ 4 7 7 .9 9
$ 48 1.4 4
$ 4 8 2 .4 6
$486.61
$ 4 8 4 .9 0
$ 4 8 9 .1 7
$ 4 9 3 .7 4
$ 4 9 1 .2 3
S e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .................
-
-
4 7 8 .1 6
4 79 .17
4 7 9 .8 3
4 8 2 .6 3
4 8 3 .9 7
4 86 .03
4 85 .98
487.01
4 89 .40
4 9 0 .4 3
4 8 9 .6 0
4 9 2 .7 5
4 9 1 .9 8
C o n s ta n t (1 9 8 2 ) d o lla rs ..............
2 7 1 .2 5
2 7 2 .1 6
2 7 5 .2 8
2 72 .03
272.51
2 69 .74
2 7 0 .6 2
2 7 0 .8 9
2 7 1 .7 0
2 6 9 .3 9
2 7 1 .4 6
2 7 5 .2 2
2 7 3 .8 2
2 7 5 .8 8
2 7 4 .5 0
M IN IN G ....................................................
7 3 6 .5 6
7 43 .04
7 5 6 .8 6
7 43 .03
7 47 .20
7 50 .98
7 51 .95
7 57 .27
7 65 .60
7 6 9 .5 6
7 68 .68
7 72 .18
764.31
7 79 .2 4
7 6 9 .4 4
CONSTRUCTION..................
6 7 2 .1 3
7 02 .68
732 .44
7 04 .34
6 94 .56
6 9 2 .2 8
6 8 2 .8 2
702 .52
6 95 .70
7 2 8 .6 2
728 .40
7 4 0 .1 3
7 39 .04
7 37 .1 0
7 3 2 .4 5
610.91
$ 4 9 7 .6 9
$ 4 9 3 .0 0
MANUFACTURING
C u rre n t d o lla rs ................................
5 79 .63
598.21
6 0 4 .4 5
6 0 7 .3 6
607 .34
5 96 .73
591.71
5 97 .72
5 88 .13
6 0 0 .3 3
6 03 .43
5 9 8 .0 5
607.51
615.41
C o n s ta n t (1 9 8 2 ) d o lla rs ...............
3 44 .20
343.21
3 43 .24
344.31
344 .69
3 3 6 .7 6
332.61
335.61
3 28 .38
3 33 .52
3 34 .87
3 3 3 .3 6
3 3 8 .6 3
3 4 1 .1 4
3 4 0 .1 5
Durable goods.....................
6 0 5 .9 9
6 23 .92
6 31 .08
633.61
6 30 .09
6 15 .68
6 13 .22
6 20 .20
607.11
624.31
6 26 .36
6 1 7 .6 3
6 3 3 .2 4
6 3 9 .3 2
6 3 3 .1 3
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u c ts ......
4 7 3 .0 6
4 8 9 .1 3
4 9 9 .3 2
4 9 4 .8 7
486.01
4 7 7 .9 2
4 73 .54
4 83 .20
4 8 3 .9 9
4 97 .34
4 9 8 .5 7
5 02 .66
5 0 9 .6 4
5 1 7 .9 2
5 0 6 .3 5
F u rn itu re a n d fix tu r e s ...................
4 5 4 .9 9
4 69 .20
4 7 4 .4 0
474.81
476.01
4 6 4 .8 8
4 6 1 .9 5
4 6 7 .1 5
4 5 7 .4 5
4 6 2 .2 2
4 6 8 .9 9
4 8 1 .0 3
4 9 1 .6 0
4 90 .3 0
4 7 7 .5 6
S to n e , c la y , a n d g la s s
p ro d u c ts ........................................
6 0 6 .3 0
626 .24
6 4 7 .5 3
6 37 .63
6 24 .13
6 13 .84
6 10 .69
6 31 .53
6 38 .79
6 65 .83
6 7 0 .2 6
6 69 .82
6 7 6 .5 8
6 88 .4 0
6 7 3 .8 0
P rim a ry m e ta l in d u s trie s ............
7 03 .10
7 3 7 .2 6
731.71
7 46 .10
7 35 .93
7 3 1 .3 7
7 16 .26
7 18.42
7 30 .08
7 3 1 .6 7
7 44 .54
7 42 .57
7 43 .82
766 .3 4
7 4 4 .2 9
s te e l p ro d u c ts ...........................
8 5 1 .5 7
9 11 .72
8 9 0 .8 2
9 02 .72
8 90.62
9 01 .15
8 82 .20
8 84 .00
9 20 .72
899 .54
9 1 9 .5 9
9 1 9 .5 5
9 20 .10
9 5 8 .3 9
9 1 2 .9 6
F a b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts .........
572 .40
5 90 .86
5 9 6 .8 3
5 97 .68
596.01
5 81 .98
580 .84
5 8 5 .7 3
5 67 .22
5 89 .12
5 8 9 .9 5
5 8 2 .2 2
595.11
5 98 .8 5
590 .81
6 3 2 .7 6
656.21
6 56 .15
6 58 .14
6 62 .44
6 55 .94
6 48 .49
6 51 .30
6 28 .03
6 4 4 .2 3
640.71
6 4 0 .7 7
6 40 .00
6 48 .4 2
645 .21
e q u ip m e n t....................................
5 53 .32
5 6 7 .1 8
5 75 .00
5 75 .64
5 85 .22
5 67 .02
5 66 .40
5 68 .97
5 54 .02
5 59 .38
5 7 0 .2 4
5 58 .80
5 77 .02
583.21
5 8 0 .1 6
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t..........
7 7 9 .2 0
8 0 0 .7 3
8 19 .39
8 21 .06
8 0 7 .5 0
772.51
775 .22
7 89 .80
7 65 .82
8 04 .04
7 9 9 .4 7
7 65 .16
8 14 .72
8 0 8 .6 7
8 1 6 .0 6
8 1 4 .5 0
8 34 .28
8 5 7 .0 7
8 52 .98
8 2 6 .4 7
7 78 .96
7 86 .66
8 08 .35
7 91 .98
8 40 .08
8 39 .30
780 .64
8 5 8 .9 8
8 4 4 .2 7
8 5 6 .1 3
5 8 1 .5 0
5 95 .96
6 02 .34
6 0 7 .5 6
6 21 .72
6 03 .17
6 05 .90
6 05 .40
5 94 .96
6 02 .48
6 02 .77
6 05 .19
6 06 .00
6 21 .3 0
6 1 8 .1 2
4 6 6 .4 5
B la st fu rn a c e s a n d b a s ic
In d u s tria l m a c h in e ry a nd
e q u ip m e n t...................................
E le c tro n ic a n d o th e r e le ctrica l
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d
e q u ip m e n t..................................
In s tru m e n ts a n d re la te d
p ro d u c ts ........................................
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g ...
4 8 8 .1 5
4 5 3 .5 7
4 5 7 .0 8
4 5 7 .4 3
4 60 .88
4 54 .04
4 5 4 .0 4
4 6 1 .5 2
4 5 0 .3 0
4 5 8 .5 9
4 63 .49
4 58 .14
468.41
4 6 8 .8 2
Nondurable goods...............
5 4 0 .2 9
5 58 .55
5 64 .83
5 69 .49
5 69 .98
5 6 5 .7 9
5 60 .20
5 61 .59
5 59 .15
564.21
5 68 .63
5 69 .20
5 7 1 .0 5
5 82 .8 2
5 7 8 .5 3
F o o d a n d k in d re d p ro d u c ts ........
5 06 .20
5 2 1 .2 5
5 2 8 .7 8
5 3 4 .2 5
528 .74
5 20 .70
5 09 .80
513 .54
510 .32
5 2 2 .1 8
5 28 .55
5 28 .84
5 3 5 .3 9
5 44 .7 4
5 4 3 .4 0
T o b a c c o p ro d u c ts ..........................
763.01
8 77 .90
8 78 .12
8 9 5 .8 5
8 92 .16
8 32 .26
8 3 1 .6 6
8 93 .89
8 85 .53
9 0 6 .5 9
956 .92
9 5 2 .2 9
8 7 8 .1 9
8 8 5 .3 6
8 7 7 .2 3
T e x tile m ill p ro d u c ts .....................
4 4 2 .1 3
4 5 9 .7 9
4 5 7 .0 6
4 6 0 .9 4
4 6 2 .0 7
4 5 9 .5 9
4 4 9 .6 7
4 5 8 .0 6
4 44 .09
4 5 4 .9 9
4 5 8 .4 6
4 4 4 .5 7
4 56 .74
4 5 9 .0 2
4 4 9 .8 6
p ro d u c ts ........................................
3 34 .50
3 51 .54
352.31
3 5 2 .6 7
3 53 .25
349.31
3 52 .87
3 55 .70
3 46 .45
3 55 .88
357.21
3 49 .68
3 50 .22
3 5 0 .8 5
3 4 7 .4 8
P a p e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts ..........
6 8 9 .1 9
6 9 0 .6 3
6 9 9 .9 2
7 06 .20
7 05 .93
6 97 .57
6 83 .10
6 87 .24
688.01
6 90 .54
7 01 .35
7 08 .48
6 9 5 .0 4
7 2 2 .4 6
7 1 4 .6 9
P rin tin g a n d p u b lis h in g ................
5 31 .88
551 .52
5 5 8 .2 5
5 64 .93
564.41
5 55 .88
557 .78
5 65 .57
5 54 .60
5 5 6 .0 8
5 57 .17
5 63 .54
5 6 8 .0 3
5 7 6 .3 8
5 7 1 .0 9
A p p a re l a n d o th e r te x tile
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p ro d u cts..
7 49 .06
7 71 .38
7 72 .82
778 .04
7 88 .67
7 8 1 .2 8
778 .74
7 73 .53
7 90 .34
7 83 .40
782.81
7 90 .59
7 7 8 .6 8
7 9 5 .8 9
7 8 9 .3 8
P e tro le u m a n d c o a l p ro d u c ts .....
9 0 8 .6 3
9 32 .80
9 52 .02
9 5 5 .8 9
952 .64
9 8 7 .8 7
9 57 .25
936.51
9 65 .33
910.31
9 34 .36
9 5 3 .4 7
9 5 4 .6 0
9 5 5 .3 8
9 3 5 .9 0
5 38 .15
5 39 .98
5 43 .97
5 3 5 .2 0
5 44 .32
556.61
5 5 0 .2 6
3 7 0 .3 9
378.01
3 6 0 .8 0
3 7 9 .8 5
3 7 5 .9 5
3 6 7 .8 6
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s
p la s tic s p ro d u c ts ..........................
5 17 .08
5 31 .99
5 43 .84
3 6 3 .1 5
3 8 1 .7 5
5 37 .37
389 .44
5 39 .72
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p ro du cts....
3 90 .10
3 82 .65
5 4 4 .1 6
3 84 .67
5 43 .05
3 73 .64
375.51
529 .20
3 6 9 .1 7
TRANSPORTATIONAND
PUBLICUTILITIES...............
6 07 .20
6 2 6 .0 9
6 38 .82
6 32 .56
6 38 .06
6 32 .59
6 37 .18
3 6 2 .7 0
6 41 .00
6 32 .93
642.91
6 5 0 .2 7
6 46 .56
6 49 .4 2
6 4 5 .4 2
WHOLESALETRADE.............
5 58 .80
5 85 .20
5 97 .92
5 93 .28
596.71
5 89 .72
590 .44
5 92 .04
6 07 .44
5 9 8 .5 9
6 0 3 .9 9
6 1 1 .3 8
6 0 3 .2 3
6 2 0 .3 6
6 0 3 .1 2
RETAILTRADE....................
263.61
2 7 3 .3 9
2 7 7 .1 5
2 7 4 .8 5
2 7 8 .8 9
2 7 3 .2 6
2 7 6 .0 5
2 76 .62
2 8 1 .6 6
2 8 0 .6 9
2 8 3 .3 3
2 8 8 .2 2
2 8 6 .8 5
2 8 5 .7 0
283 .01
FINANCE, INSURANCE,
ANDREAL ESTATE.............
5 29 .24
547 .04
5 57 .78
5 49 .00
5 5 3 .0 5
5 56 .20
5 67 .37
5 64 .12
5 80 .23
5 6 5 .7 8
5 7 0 .1 5
5 81 .70
5 7 1 .8 2
5 88 .3 0
5 6 9 .2 2
SERVICES..........................
4 3 5 .8 6
4 5 4 .8 6
4 64 .22
4 6 2 .9 2
4 67 .16
4 64 .80
4 7 1 .7 2
4 7 2 .0 5
4 7 6 .7 7
4 6 9 .9 5
4 7 1 .9 9
4 7 8 .6 3
4 7 4 .2 9
483.31
4 8 0 .6 8
p = p re lim in a ry .
No te :
S e e "N o te s on th e d a ta " fo r a d e s c rip tio n o f th e m o s t re ce n t b e n c h m a rk re visio n . D ash in d ic a te s d a ta not availab le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
71
Current Labor Statistics:
17.
Labor Force Data
Diffusion in d e x e s o f e m p lo y m e n t c h a n g e , s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
[In p e rce n t]
Timespan and year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug. Sept.
Nov
Oct.
Dec.
P riv a te n o n fa rm p a y ro lls , 3 5 6 in d u s trie s
O v e r 1- m o n t h s p a n :
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
6 3 .2
5 6 .2
5 9 .3
6 0 .2
5 8 .9
5 7.1
5 5 .4
5 8 .4
5 4 .8
5 5 .0
5 8 .2
5 6 .4
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
5 5 .1
5 9 .6
5 2 .8
5 7 .2
5 8 .2
5 4 .2
5 7.1
5 4 .4
5 5 .2
5 7 .9
5 9 .9
5 6 .8
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
5 5 .7
5 9 .3
6 1 .0
5 4 .2
4 7 .7
6 0 .5
5 7 .8
55.1
5 2 .0
5 4 .8
55.1
5 4 .2
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
5 3 .7
5 0 .4
5 5 .8
4 5 .0
4 6 .6
4 4 .3
4 5 .5
4 3 .5
4 5 .3
3 9 .4
-
-
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
6 5 .3
6 6.1
6 4 .6
6 5 .7
6 2 .2
5 7 .9
5 7 .5
5 8 .4
59.1
5 9 .2
5 9 .3
5 9 .2
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
6 0 .8
5 7 .8
5 8 .5
5 5 .8
5 8.1
5 7 .9
5 7 .2
5 9 .2
5 9 .8
59.1
6 1 .0
6 0 .6
6 1 .9
5 6 .2
5 5.1
5 7 .9
6 1 .5
5 6 .4
54.1
5 3 .3
5 5 .7
5 3 .3
4 2 .5
4 2 .4
4 0 .7
3 9 .0
3 6 .4
-
-
O v e r 3 - m o n th s p a n :
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
6 1 .6
6 3 .3
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
5 1 .7
5 4.1
4 8 .6
4 9 .2
4 1 .5
O v e r 6 -m o n th s p a n :
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
7 0 .4
6 7 .4
6 5 .0
6 2 .5
6 3 .6
6 0 .5
5 9 .2
5 8 .6
5 7 .9
5 9 .6
6 0 .6
5 9 .9
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
5 9 .8
5 9 .8
5 8 .2
6 0 .3
5 6 .7
5 9 .2
6 1 .8
6 0 .8
6 2 .2
6 1 .2
6 2 .3
6 4 .9
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
6 3 .5
6 0 .6
6 2 .6
6 3 .7
6 1 .5
5 5 .5
56.1
5 8 .6
5 4 .2
5 4 .8
5 1 .8
5 4 .2
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
5 2 .0
5 0 .6
4 8 .6
4 5 .3
4 3 .5
3 9 .4
3 7 .4
3 6.1
-
-
-
-
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
6 9 .7
6 7 .6
6 7 .4
6 6 .0
6 4 .0
6 2 .7
6 1 .9
6 2 .0
6 0 .9
5 9 .3
6 0 .8
5 8 .8
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
6 1 .2
6 0 .2
5 8 .2
6 0 .8
6 0 .8
6 1 .6
6 2 .2
6 1 .3
6 3 .9
6 3 .0
6 1 .3
6 0 .9
O v e r 1 2 - m o n th s p a n :
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
6 2 .5
6 3 .0
6 1 .8
5 9 .5
5 8 .4
5 6 .8
5 5 .7
5 6 .5
5 4 .2
5 3 .4
5 3 .0
5 1 .8
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
4 9 .6
4 7 .5
4 4 .8
4 2 .4
3 9 .7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M a n u fa c tu rin g p a y ro lls , 139 in d u s trie s
}
O v e r 1- m o n t h s p a n :
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
5 7 .4
5 1 .5
5 3 .7
5 3 .3
4 3 .8
4 8 .2
3 8 .2
5 1 .5
4 1 .9
4 1 .5
4 1 .2
4 3 .4
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
4 6 .9
4 4 .5
4 3 .0
4 2 .3
5 0 .4
3 9 .3
5 1 .5
3 9 .3
4 5 .2
4 6 .3
5 3 .3
4 6 .7
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
4 4 .9
5 6 .6
5 5 .5
4 6 .7
4 1 .2
5 4 .8
5 3 .7
3 8 .6
3 4 .6
4 1 .5
4 3 .8
4 4 .1
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
3 7 .9
3 2 .4
4 1 .5
3 1 .3
2 9 .4
33.1
3 9 .0
2 8 .3
3 7 .5
3 0 .9
-
-
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
5 9 .6
5 9 .6
5 5 .9
5 0 .4
4 6 .7
3 7 .9
4 1 .5
4 1 .5
4 1 .9
3 8 .2
3 6 .8
4 0 .8
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
4 1 .2
3 9 .0
3 8 .2
4 1 .8
4 0 .8
4 5 .2
3 9 .0
4 5 .2
4 0 .8
4 4 .9
4 6 .3
4 6 .0
O v e r 3 -m o n th s p a n :
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
5 0 .0
5 4 .0
5 2 .9
4 2 .3
4 3 .0
4 8 .5
4 8 .2
3 3 .6
2 8 .7
3 0 .5
3 9 .0
3 5 .7
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
2 8 .3
2 9 .4
2 4 .6
2 6 .5
2 2 .4
2 4 .6
2 1 .3
2 2 .4
2 1 .0
2 2 .4
-
-
3 4 .2
O v e r 6 -m o n th s p a n :
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
6 3 .2
5 4 .4
5 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 4 .5
4 0.1
3 7 .5
3 6 .4
3 4 .9
4 0 .1
37.1
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
3 6 .0
3 8 .2
3 7 .5
4 1 .2
3 6 .8
3 9 .7
4 3 .0
4 1 .5
4 6 .0
4 0 .4
4 6 .3
5 1 .5
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
5 1 .5
4 4 .5
4 8 .5
5 5.1
4 3 .8
3 4 .9
3 3 .5
3 4 .6
30.1
2 9 .4
2 5 .0
2 7 .9
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
2 6 .8
2 5 .4
1 9 .9
2 0 .6
2 0 .6
1 6 .2
15.1
1 4 .7
-
-
-
-
O v e r 1 2 - m o n th s p a n :
1 9 9 8 .............................................................
5 4 .8
5 2 .2
5 1 .8
4 6 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .1
3 8 .2
3 7 .5
3 6 .4
3 4 .6
3 5 .7
3 4 .2
1 9 9 9 .............................................................
3 8 .6
3 4 .6
3 2 .4
3 6 .0
3 7 .9
3 9 .0
40.1
4 0 .4
4 4 .5
4 6 .0
4 4 .9
4 4 .5
2 0 0 0 .............................................................
4 6 .3
4 5 .2
4 1 .2
3 7 .9
3 3 .8
3 1 .3
3 1 .3
3 1 .3
2 7 .6
2 5 .4
2 4 .3
2 1 .3
2 0 0 1 .............................................................
19.1
1 6 .9
15.1
1 6 .9
1 4 .0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D a s h in d ic a te s d a t a n o t a v a ila b le .
NO TE:
F ig u r e s a re th e p e r c e n t o f in d u s trie s w ith e m p lo y m e n t
in c r e a s in g
p lu s
o n e - h a lf
e m p lo y m e n t , w h e r e
50
of
th e
in d u s trie s
p e r c e n t in d ic a te s
w ith
an
unchanged
e q u a l b a la n c e
b e tw e e n in d u s t r ie s w ith in c e a s in g a n d d e c r e a s in g e m p lo y m e n t.
72 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D a ta fo r th e 2 m o s t re c e n t m o n th s s h o w n in e a c h s p a n a re
p re lim in a ry . S e e th e " D e fin itio n s " in th is s e c tio n . S e e " N o te s o n
th e
d a ta "
re v is io n .
December 2001
fo r
a
d e s c r ip tio n
of
th e
m ost
re c e n t
b e n c h m a rk
18.
A n n u a l d a ta : E m p lo y m e n t status o f th e p o p u la tio n
[N u m b e rs in th o u s a n d s ]
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n .............
1 9 2 ,8 0 5
1 9 4 ,8 3 8
1 9 6 ,8 1 4
1 9 8 ,5 8 4
2 0 0 ,5 9 1
2 0 3 ,1 3 3
2 0 5 ,2 2 0
2 0 7 ,7 5 3
2 0 9 ,6 9 9
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e ..........................................
1 2 8 ,1 0 5
1 2 9 ,2 0 0
1 3 1 ,0 5 6
1 3 2 ,3 0 4
1 3 3 ,9 4 3
1 3 6 ,2 9 7
1 3 7 ,6 7 3
1 3 9 ,3 6 8
1 4 0 ,8 6 3
L a b o r fo r c e p a r tic ip a tio n ra te ..................
6 6 .4
6 6 .3
6 6 .6
6 6 .6
6 6 .8
6 7.1
6 7.1
6 7 .1
6 7 .2
E m p lo y e d .....................................................
1 1 8 ,4 9 2
1 2 0 ,2 5 9
1 2 3 ,0 6 0
1 2 4 ,9 0 0
1 2 6 ,7 0 8
1 2 9 ,5 5 8
1 3 1 ,4 6 3
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
1 3 5 ,2 0 8
Employment status
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n r a tio ............
N o n a g ric u ltu r a l in d u s tr ie s ...............
6 1 .5
6 1 .7
6 2 .5
6 2 .9
6 3 .2
6 3 .8
6 4.1
6 4 .3
6 4 .5
3 ,2 4 7
3 ,1 1 5
3 ,4 0 9
3 ,4 4 0
3 ,4 4 3
3 ,3 9 9
3 ,3 7 8
3 ,2 8 1
3 ,3 0 5
1 1 5 ,2 4 5
1 1 7 ,1 4 4
1 1 9 ,6 5 1
1 2 1 ,4 6 0
1 2 3 ,2 6 4
1 2 6 ,1 5 9
1 2 8 ,0 8 5
1 3 0 ,2 0 7
1 3 1 ,9 0 3
5 ,6 5 5
9 ,6 1 3
8 ,9 4 0
7 ,9 9 6
7 ,4 0 4
7 ,2 3 6
6 ,7 3 9
6 ,2 1 0
5 ,8 8 0
U n e m p lo y m e n t r a te ...............................
7 .5
6 .9
6.1
5 .6
5 .4
4 .9
4 .5
4 .2
4 .0
N o t in t h e la b o r f o r c e ......................................
6 4 ,7 0 0
6 5 ,6 3 8
6 5 ,7 5 8
6 6 ,2 8 0
6 6 ,6 4 7
6 6 ,8 3 7
6 7 ,5 4 7
6 8 ,3 8 5
6 8 ,8 3 6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19.
A n n u a l d a ta : E m p lo y m e n t le v e ls b y industry
[In th o u s a n d s ]
Industry
T o ta l e m p lo y m e n t ....................................................
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1 0 8 ,6 0 1
1 1 0 ,7 1 3
1 1 4 ,1 6 3
1 1 7 ,1 9 1
1 1 9 ,6 0 8
1 2 2 ,6 9 0
1 2 5 ,8 6 5
1 2 8 ,9 1 6
1 3 1 ,7 5 9
P riv a te s e c to r ..........................................................
8 9 ,9 5 6
9 1 ,8 7 2
9 5 ,0 3 6
9 7 ,8 8 5
1 0 0 ,1 8 9
1 0 3 ,1 3 3
1 0 6 ,0 4 2
1 0 8 ,7 0 9
1 1 1 ,0 7 9
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ..............................................
2 3 ,2 3 1
2 3 ,3 5 2
2 3 ,9 0 8
2 4 ,2 6 5
2 4 ,4 9 3
2 4 ,9 6 2
2 5 ,4 1 4
2 5 ,5 0 7
2 5 ,7 0 9
M in in g .................................................................
635
610
6 01
581
580
596
590
539
543
C o n s tr u c tio n ....................................................
4 ,4 9 2
4 ,6 6 8
4 ,9 8 6
5 ,1 6 0
5 ,4 1 8
5 ,6 9 1
6 ,0 2 0
6 ,4 1 5
6 ,6 9 8
M a n u fa c tu r in g .................................................
1 8 ,1 0 4
1 8 ,0 7 5
1 8 ,3 2 1
1 8 ,5 2 4
1 8 ,4 9 5
1 8 ,6 7 5
1 8 ,8 0 5
1 8 ,5 5 2
1 8 ,4 6 9
9 0 ,2 5 6
9 2 ,9 2 5
9 5 ,1 1 5
9 7 ,7 2 7
1 0 0 ,4 5 1
1 0 3 ,4 0 9
1 0 6 ,0 5 0
7 ,0 1 9
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ............................................
8 5 ,3 7 0
8 7 ,3 6 1
T r a n s p o r ta tio n a n d p u b lic u tilitie s .........
5 ,7 1 8
5 ,8 1 1
5 ,9 8 4
6 ,1 3 2
6 ,2 5 3
6 ,4 0 8
6 ,6 1 1
6 ,8 3 4
W h o le s a le tr a d e ............................................
5 ,9 9 7
5 ,9 8 1
6 ,1 6 2
6 ,3 7 8
6 ,4 8 2
6 ,6 4 8
6 ,8 0 0
6 ,9 1 1
7 ,0 2 4
R e ta il tr a d e ......................................................
1 9 ,3 5 6
1 9 ,7 7 3
2 0 ,5 0 7
2 1 ,1 8 7
2 1 ,5 9 7
2 1 ,9 6 6
2 2 ,2 9 5
2 2 ,8 4 8
2 3 ,3 0 7
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d re a l e s ta te ....
F e d e r a l..........................................................
L o c a l...............................................................
NO TE:
6 ,6 0 2
6 ,7 5 7
6 ,8 9 6
6 ,8 0 6
6 ,9 1 1
7 ,1 0 9
7 ,3 8 9
7 ,5 5 5
7 ,5 6 0
2 9 ,0 5 2
3 0 ,1 9 7
3 1 ,5 7 9
3 3 ,1 1 7
3 4 ,4 5 4
3 6 ,0 4 0
3 7 ,5 3 3
3 9 ,0 5 5
4 0 ,4 6 0
1 8 ,6 4 5
1 8,8 41
1 9 ,1 2 8
1 9 ,3 0 5
1 9 ,4 1 9
1 9 ,5 5 7
1 9 ,8 2 3
2 0 ,2 0 6
2 0 ,6 8 1
2 ,9 6 9
2 ,9 1 5
2 ,8 7 0
2 ,8 2 2
2 ,7 5 7
2 ,6 9 9
2 ,6 8 6
2 ,6 6 9
2 ,7 7 7
4 ,4 0 8
4 ,4 8 8
4 ,5 7 6
4 ,6 3 5
4 ,6 0 6
4 ,5 8 2
4 ,6 1 2
4 ,7 0 9
4 ,7 8 5
1 1 ,2 6 7
1 1 ,4 3 8
1 1 ,6 8 2
1 1 ,8 4 9
1 2 ,0 5 6
1 2 ,2 7 6
1 2 ,5 2 5
1 2 ,8 2 9
1 3 ,1 1 9
S e e " N o te s o n th e d a ta " f o r a d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k re v is io n .
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
73
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
20. A n n u a l d a ta : A v e r a g e hours a n d e a rn in g s o f p ro d u c tio n o r n o n su p erviso ry w o rk e rs o n n o n fa rm
p ayro lls, b y industry
1992
Industry
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Private sector:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s .............................................................
3 4 .4
3 4 .5
3 4 .7
3 4 .5
3 4 .4
3 4 .6
3 4 .6
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...............................
1 0 .5 7
1 0 .8 3
1 1 .1 2
1 1 .4 3
1 1 .8 2
1 2 .2 8
1 2 .7 8
1 3 .2 4
1 3 .7 5
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ..............................
3 6 3 .6 1
3 7 3 .6 4
3 8 5 .8 6
3 9 4 .3 4
4 0 6 .6 1
4 2 4 .8 9
4 4 2 .1 9
4 5 6 .7 8
4 7 4 .3 8
Mining:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
4 3 .9
4 4 .3
4 4 .8
4 4 .7
4 5 .3
4 5 .4
4 3 .9
4 3 .2
4 3 .1
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ............................
1 4 .5 4
1 4 .6 0
1 4 .8 8
1 5 .3 0
1 5 .6 2
1 6 .1 5
1 6.9 1
1 7 .0 5
1 7 .2 4
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
6 3 8 .3 1
6 4 6 .7 8
6 6 6 .6 2
6 8 3 .9 1
7 0 7 .5 9
7 3 3 .2 1
7 4 2 .3 5
7 3 6 .5 6
7 4 3 .0 4
Construction:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
3 8 .0
3 8 .5
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
39.1
3 9 .3
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .............................
1 4 .1 5
1 4 .3 8
1 4 .7 3
1 5 .0 9
1 5 .4 7
1 6 .0 4
1 6.6 1
1 7 .1 9
1 7 .8 8
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
5 3 7 .7 0
5 5 3 .6 3
5 7 3 .0 0
5 8 7 .0 0
6 0 3 .3 3
6 2 5 .5 6
6 4 6 .1 3
6 7 2 .1 3
7 0 2 .6 8
Manufacturing:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
4 1 .0
4 1 .4
4 2 .0
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 2 .0
4 1 .7
4 1 .7
4 1 .6
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ............................
1 1 .4 6
1 1 .7 4
1 2 .0 7
1 2 .3 7
1 2 .7 7
1 3 .1 7
1 3 .4 9
1 3 .9 0
1 4 .3 8
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
4 6 9 .8 6
4 8 6 .0 4
5 0 6 .9 4
5 1 4 .5 9
5 3 1 .2 3
5 5 3 .1 4
5 6 2 .5 3
5 7 9 .6 3
5 9 8 .2 1
Transportation and public utilities:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
3 8 .3
3 9 .3
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .6
3 9 .7
3 9 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .6
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .............................
1 3 .4 3
1 3 .5 5
1 3 .7 8
1 4 .1 3
1 4 .4 5
1 4 .9 2
1 5.3 1
1 5 .6 9
1 6 .2 2
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
5 1 4 .3 7
5 3 2 .5 2
5 4 7 .0 7
5 5 6 .7 2
5 7 2 .2 2
5 9 2 .3 2
6 0 4 .7 5
6 0 7 .2 0
6 2 6 .0 9
Wholesale trade:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s .........................................................
3 8 .2
3 8 .2
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .3
3 8 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ............................
1 1 .3 9
1 1 .7 4
1 2 .0 6
1 2 .4 3
1 2 .8 7
1 3 .4 5
1 4 .0 7
1 4 .5 8
1 5 .2 0
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
4 3 5 .1 0
4 4 8 .4 7
4 6 3 .1 0
4 7 6 .0 7
4 9 2 .9 2
5 1 6 .4 8
5 3 8 .8 8
5 5 8 .8 0
5 8 5 .2 0
2 8 .9
Retail trade:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
2 8 .8
2 8 .8
2 8 .9
2 8 .8
2 8 .8
2 8 .9
2 9 .0
2 9 .0
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ............................
7 .1 2
7 .2 9
7 .4 9
7 .6 9
7 .9 9
8 .3 3
8 .7 4
9 .0 9
9 .4 6
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
2 0 5 .0 6
2 0 9 .9 5
2 1 6 .4 6
2 2 1 .4 7
2 3 0 .1 1
2 4 0 .7 4
2 5 3 .4 6
2 6 3 .6 1
2 7 3 .3 9
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 .9
3 5 .9
3 6.1
3 6 .4
3 6 .2
3 6 .3
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .............................
1 0 .8 2
1 1 .3 5
1 1 .8 3
1 2 .3 2
1 2 .8 0
1 3 .3 4
1 4 .0 7
1 4 .6 2
1 5 .0 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
3 8 7 .3 6
4 0 6 .3 3
4 2 3 .5 1
4 4 2 .2 9
4 5 9 .5 2
4 8 1 .5 7
5 1 2 .1 5
5 2 9 .2 4
5 4 7 .0 4
Services:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..........................................................
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .4
3 2 .4
3 2 .6
3 2 .6
3 2 .6
3 2 .7
A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ............................
1 0 .5 4
1 0 .7 8
1 1 .0 4
1 1 .3 9
1 1 .7 9
1 2 .2 8
1 2 .8 4
1 3 .3 7
1 3.91
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...........................
3 4 2 .5 5
3 5 0 .3 5
3 5 8 .8 0
3 6 9 .0 4
3 8 2 .0 0
4 0 0 .3 3
4 1 8 .5 8
4 3 5 .8 6
4 5 4 .8 6
74 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
21.
E m p lo y m e n t C o st In d e x , c o m p e n s a tio n ,1 b y o c c u p a tio n a n d industry g ro u p
[Ju n e 1 9 8 9 = 100]
1999
2000
2001
Series
Sept.
Civilian workers2..................................................................
1 4 3 .3
Dec.
1 4 4 .6
Mar.
June
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .0
Sept.
1 4 9 .5
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Percent change
3
12
months
months
ended
ended
Sept. 2001
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .6
1 .2
4.1
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .5
1 5 2 .5
1 5 4 .4
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .7
1.1
1.1
P r o fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l..........................................
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .3
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .3
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .3
1 5 6 .7
1 .6
4 .5
1 5 6 .6
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .6
.6
3 .8
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l...............................
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 .6
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .7
1 5 4 .6
144 7
146 1
148 6
150 1
151 8
15? 8
B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................................
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .6
1 4 2 .7
144 .1
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .3
1 51.1
1 .2
3 .8
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ..............................................................................
1 43 .1
1 4 4 .8
146 0
1 47.1
1 4 8 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .3
1 5 5 .0
1.1
4 .4
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s try d iv is io n :
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ....................................................................................
1 4 1 .2
1 4 2 .5
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .6
1 4 8 .0
1 4 8 .8
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .3
.7
3 .5
M a n u f a c tu r in g ........................................................................................
142 .1
1 4 3 .6
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .3
.5
3.1
1 3
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 4 4 .0
1 4 5 .3
147 1
1 4 8 .4
150 1
151 1
153 n
1fifi 4
15fi 4
S e r v ic e s ....................................................................................................
145.1
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .0
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .4
1 5 4 .3
1 5 5 .4
158 .1
1 .7
4 .6
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................................................
1 4 2 .7
1 4 4 .3
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .5
1 5 4 .6
1 5 6 .7
1 .4
5 .2
H o s p ita ls .............................................................................................
1 4 3 .4
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .3
1 5 3 .2
1 5 5 .6
1 5 8 .2
1 .7
5 .8
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s .......................................................................
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .8
1 4 6 .5
1 4 6 .8
1 4 9 .7
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .7
1 5 2 .2
1 56 .1
2 .6
4 .3
P u b lic a d m in is tr a tio n 3 .........................................................................
1 4 2 .4
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .7
1 46.1
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .3
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .8
1 .3
4 .7
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ..................................................................................
1 4 3 .4
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .6
1 4 8 .0
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .6
1 5 4 .0
1 5 6 .0
1 .3
4 .3
Private industry workers....................................................
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .6
1 4 6 .8
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .9
1 5 0 .9
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .9
.9
4 .0
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ........................................................
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .5
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .8
1 5 0 .9
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .4
1 5 6 .0
1 .0
4.1
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ...........................................................................
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .9
1 4 9 .3
1 51 .1
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .6
1 5 5 .7
1 5 7 .4
1 5 8 .7
.8
4 .0
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .....................................................
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .3
1 4 9 .4
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .9
1 5 4 .1
1 5 6 .5
1 58 .1
1 5 9 .6
,9
4 .4
P r o fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 4 5 .2
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .4
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .7
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .2
1.1
4 .6
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l o c c u p a tio n s ..
1 4 7 .7
1 49 .1
151 .1
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .3
1 5 7 .3
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .2
.5
3 .8
S a le s o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................................
1 44 .1
1 4 5 .3
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .2
1 5 1 .4
1 5 2 .3
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .0
.3
2 .5
A d m in is tr a t iv e s u p p o r t o c c u p a tio n s , in c lu d in g c le r ic a l...
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .2
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .4
1 56 .1
1 5 7 .7
1 5 9 .5
1.1
4 .7
B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s .............................................................................
1 3 9 .4
1 4 0 .5
1 4 2 .6
144 .1
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .4
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .0
1.1
3 .8
4.1
P re c is io n p r o d u c tio n , c ra ft, a n d r e p a ir o c c u p a tio n s ..........
1 3 9 .6
1 4 0 .6
1 4 2 .3
144 .1
1 4 5 .8
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .8
1 .4
M a c h in e o p e r a to r s , a s s e m b le rs , a n d in s p e c to r s ...............
1 3 9 .9
1 4 1 .4
1 4 4 .0
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .0
1 4 6 .8
1 4 8 .3
1 49 .1
1 5 0 .4
.9
3 .0
T r a n s p o r t a tio n a n d m a te r ia l m o v in g o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 3 4 .4
1 3 5 .2
1 3 7 .5
1 3 8 .6
1 3 9 .9
141 .1
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .6
1 .2
4.1
H a n d le r s , e q u ip m e n t c le a n e rs , h e lp e rs , a n d la b o re rs ....
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .4
1 4 6 .4
148.1
1 4 9 .4
1 5 0 .4
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .9
1 .0
3 .7
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ...........................................................................
1 4 1 .0
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .4
1 4 6 .6
148 .1
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .6
.9
4.1
P r o d u c tio n a n d n o n s u p e rv is o ry o c c u p a tio n s 4 .....................
1 4 1 .9
1 43.1
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .4
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .3
1 .0
4 .0
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s try d iv is io n :
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 41.1
1 4 2 .5
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .6
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .8
1 5 0 .7
1 52 .1
1 53 .1
.7
3 .5
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 4 0 .5
1 4 1 .8
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .2
150 .1
1 5 1 .5
1 5 2 .5
.7
3 .6
W h it e - c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .5
1 48 .1
1 50.1
1 5 1 .3
1 5 1 .9
1 5 4 .5
1 5 6 .5
1 5 6 .8
.2
3 .6
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .9
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .5
1 5 3 .0
1 5 5 .0
1 5 5 .3
.2
3 .8
B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 3 9 .4
1 4 0 .7
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .8
1 4 6 .8
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .3
1 5 0 .8
1 .0
3 .4
C o n s t r u c t io n .........................................................................................
1 3 7 .9
1 3 8 .7
1 4 0 .8
1 4 3 .2
145 .1
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .2
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .7
.9
4 .5
M a n u f a c tu r in g .....................................................................................
1 42.1
W h ite - c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................
1 4 3 .6
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .6
1 5 2 .2
.5
3.1
1 4 4 .3
1 4 5 .8
1 4 8 .2
1 5 0 .2
1 5 1 .4
1 5 1 .5
1 5 4 .2
1 5 6 .0
1 5 6 .0
.0
3 .0
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .8
1 4 6 .2
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .3
1 4 9 .7
1 5 2 .2
1 5 4 .0
1 5 3 .8
B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 4 0 .5
1 42.1
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .7
1 4 7 .8
1 49 .1
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .3
D u r a b le s .................................................................................................
1 4 2 .3
1 4 4 .0
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .4
1 50.1
1 5 1 .8
1 53 .1
N o n d u r a b le s ..................................................... ...................................
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .5
1 4 7 .7
1 5 0 .4
1 5 1 .6
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g .................................................................................
1 44 .1
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .4
1 49.1
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .8
-.1
3 .0
.9
3.1
1 5 4 .0
.6
3.1
1 5 2 .0
.3
3.1
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .9
1.0
4 .2
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .4
1 51 .1
1 5 2 .2
1 5 4 .6
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .8
1 .2
W h it e - c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .0
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .8
1 5 7 .4
1 5 9 .0
1 .0
4 .2
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 4 7 .0
1 4 8 .3
1 5 0 .3
152 .1
1 5 3 .9
155 .1
1 5 7 .5
1 59 .1
1 6 0 .9
1.1
4 .5
4 .4
B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 39 .1
1 3 9 .8
1 4 1 .8
143.1
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .7
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .9
1 .5
4 .4
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s .......................................................................
1 4 0 .8
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .6
145 .1
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .2
.9
4 .0
4.1
T r a n s p o r t a tio n a n d p u b lic u tilitie s .............................................
1 4 1 .8
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .7
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .3
1 5 0 .5
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .5
.7
T r a n s p o r t a tio n ..................................................................................
1 3 8 .7
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .4
1 4 1 .8
1 4 2 .8
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .4
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .2
.9
3 .8
P u b lic u tilit ie s ....................................................................................
1 4 5 .7
146.1
1 4 8 .6
1 5 0 .9
1 5 3 .5
154 .1
1 5 7 .3
1 5 9 .8
1 6 0 .7
.6
4 .7
C o m m u n ic a tio n s ..........................................................................
146 .1
1 4 6 .0
1 4 8 .4
1 5 0 .9
1 5 3 .9
1 5 4 .7
1 5 8 .3
1 61 .1
1 6 2 .8
1.1
5 .8
E le c tr ic , g a s , a n d s a n ita ry s e r v ic e s ...................................
145 .1
1 46 .1
1 4 8 .9
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .9
1 5 3 .4
1 5 6 .0
1 58 .1
1 58 .1
.0
3 .4
W h o le s a le a n d re ta il t r a d e ...........................................................
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .5
1 4 5 .6
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .4
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .7
.7
3 .6
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .3
1 4 6 .4
148 .1
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .4
1 .0
3 .9
W h o le s a le t r a d e ..............................................................................
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .8
1 52 .1
1 5 4 .4
1 55 .1
1 5 7 .8
1 5 8 .6
.5
4 .3
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
R e ta il t r a d e .........................................................................................
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .4
1 4 9 .6
151 .1
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .9
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .5
1 6 0 .0
.9
4 .8
1 4 0 .0
1 4 0 .7
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .2
1 4 6 .6
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .7
1 5 0 .9
.8
3 .2
G e n e r a l m e rc h a n d is e s to r e s ..................................................
1 3 7 .2
1 3 8 .3
1 3 9 .7
1 4 1 .0
1 4 2 .2
1 4 4 .4
1 4 7 .3
1 4 9 .4
1 4 9 .7
.2
5 .3
F o o d s t o r e s .....................................................................................
1 3 7 .0
138 .1
1 40.1
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .4
1 4 4 .5
1 46.1
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .7
1.0
4 .4
S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
75
Current Labor Statistics:
Compensation & Industrial Relations
2 1 . C o n tin u e d — E m p lo y m e n t C o st In d e x , c o m p e n s a tio n ,1 b y o c c u p a tio n a n d industry g ro u p
[Ju n e 1989 = 100]
1999
2000
2001
Series
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Percent change
3
12
months
months
ended
ended
Sept. 2001
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d re a l e s ta t e .........................................
1 4 7 .6
1 4 8 .3
1 5 2 .0
153 .1
1 5 5 .2
1 5 5 .7
1 5 7 .9
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .9
0 .9
3 .7
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .6
1 5 4 .2
1 5 5 .5
1 5 7 .4
1 5 8 .4
1 6 1 .2
1 63 .1
1 6 4 .7
1 .0
4 .6
B a n k in g , s a v in g s a n d lo a n , a n d o th e r c r e d it a g e n c ie s .
1 5 9 .3
1 5 9 .8
1 6 2 .7
1 6 4 .2
1 6 5 .8
1 6 6 .5
1 7 0 .8
1 7 2 .7
1 7 5 .4
1 .6
5 .8
I n s u r a n c e .............................................................................................
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .8
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .3
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .2
1 5 7 .6
1 5 9 .3
1 5 9 .9
.4
3 .3
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .9
154 .1
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .8
1 6 0 .0
1 .4
4 .6
1 f if i 3
157 5
S e r v ic e s ..................................................................................................
1 46.1
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .4
B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s .........................................................................
150 7
151 9
154 ?
H e a lth s e r v ic e s .................................................................................
H o s p ita ls ...........................................................................................
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .8
1 .4
5 .2
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .2
151 .1
1 5 3 .5
1 5 5 .9
1 5 8 .4
1 .6
6 .2
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ....................................................................
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .0
1 5 4 .9
1 5 8 .8
1 5 9 .9
1 6 2 .3
1 6 2 .6
1 6 6 .4
2 .3
4 .8
C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s itie s .........................................................
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .6
1 5 5 .5
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .2
1 6 2 .2
1 6 2 .6
1 6 6 .2
2 .2
4 .8
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ............................................................................
1 4 3 .4
1 4 4 .5
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .4
1 5 0 .0
1 51 .1
1 53 .1
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .3
1 .0
4 .2
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ......................................................................
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .9
1 4 9 .2
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .8
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .0
1 .0
4 .2
4 .6
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 48 .1
1 5 0 .2
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .8
1 55.1
1 5 7 .5
1 59 .1
1 6 0 .9
1.1
B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ................................................................
1 3 8 .0
1 3 8 .7
1 4 0 .6
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .9
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .9
1 48 .1
1 5 0 .2
1 .4
4 .4
S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ......................................................................
1 4 0 .7
1 4 6 .8
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .5
1 45 .1
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .8
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .7
1 52 .1
.9
4 .0
State and local government workers..........................
1 43.1
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .5
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .8
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .2
1 5 4 .3
2.1
4 .4
4 .3
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .0
1 4 4 .9
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .4
1 5 3 .7
2 .2
P r o fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d t e c h n ic a l..........................................
1 4 2 .0
1 4 3 .2
1 44 .1
1 4 4 .5
1 4 6 .6
’ 1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .2
1 5 2 .8
2 .4
4 .2
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l..............................
1 4 4 .5
1 46.1
1 4 7 .0
1 4 7 .2
1 4 9 .2
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .7
1 5 6 .4
1 .8
4 .8
A d m in is tr a t iv e s u p p o r t, in c lu d in g c le r ic a l.................................
1 4 3 .0
1 4 5 .0
1 4 5 .9
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .4
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .6
1 5 4 .2
1 .7
4 .0
B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................................
1 4 0 .9
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .7
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .6
1 4 9 .0
1 5 1 .5
1 .7
3 .8
S e r v ic e s .....................................................................................................
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .2
1 4 5 .5
1 4 8 .0
1 4 8 .9
1 4 9 .9
1 5 0 .6
1 5 4 .4
2 .5
4 .3
S e r v ic e s e x c lu d in g s c h o o ls 5 ..........................................................
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .2
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .6
1 4 8 .8
1 50 .1
1 5 1 .9
1 5 4 .5
1 .7
4 .7
4 .7
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n :
H e a lth s e r v ic e s .................................................................................
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .3
1 4 7 .9
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .6
1 52 .1
1 5 4 .4
1 57 .1
1 .7
H o s p ita ls ..........................................................................................
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .4
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .0
1 5 2 .2
1 5 4 .7
1 5 7 .4
1 .7
4 .4
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ......................................................................
1 43.1
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .0
1 4 5 .2
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .6
1 50.1
154 .1
2 .7
4 .2
S c h o o ls .............................................................................................
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .7
1 4 5 .3
1 4 5 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .0
1 4 9 .9
1 5 0 .5
1 5 4 .4
2 .6
4 .2
E le m e n ta r y a n d s e c o n d a r y .................................................
1 4 2 .9
144 .1
1 4 4 .5
1 4 4 .7
1 4 7 .3
1 48 .1
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .0
1 5 2 .8
2 .6
3 .7
C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s itie s .....................................................
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .5
1 4 7 .4
1 4 7 .6
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .7
1 5 4 .3 9 .0 1 5 3 .8
3 .0
5 .6
P u b lic a d m in is tr a t io n 3 ..........................................................................
1 4 2 .4
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .7
146 .1
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .3
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .9
1 .3
4 .7
C o s t (c e n ts p e r h o u r w o r k e d ) m e a s u re d in th e E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x c o n s is ts o f
w a g e s , s a la r ie s , a n d e m p lo y e r c o s t o f e m p lo y e e b e n e fits .
2 C o n s is ts o f p riv a te in d u s try w o rk e rs (e x c lu d in g fa r m a n d h o u s e h o ld w o rk e rs ) a n d
S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t ( e x c lu d in g F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t) w o rk e rs .
Digitized for 76
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
1 5 1 .9
3 C o n s is ts o f le g is la tiv e , ju d ic ia l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d r e g u la to r y a c tiv itie s .
4 T h is s e rie s h a s th e s a m e in d u s try a n d o c c u p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e a s th e H o u r ly
E a r n in g s in d e x , w h ic h w a s d is c o n tin u e d in J a n u a r y 1 9 8 9 .
5 In c lu d e s , fo r e x a m p le , lib ra ry , s o c ia l, a n d h e a lth s e rv ic e s .
22.
E m p lo y m e n t C o st In d e x , w a g e s a n d salaries, b y o c c u p a tio n a n d industry g ro u p
[Ju n e 1 98 9 = 100]_________________________________________________________________________________________
1999
2000
2001
Series
Sept.
Civilian workers1..................................................
Dec.
Mar.
1 4 1 .3
1 4 2 .5
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .6
1 4 6 .2
P r o fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l..........................................
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .0
1 4 4 .9
1 4 4 .0
June
1 4 5 .4
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Percent change
12
3
months
months
ended
ended
Sept. 2001
1 4 7 .0
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .3
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .2
1 5 0 .2
1 5 1 .7
1 53 .1
1 5 4 .5
.9
3 .6
1 4 6 .4
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .6
1 51 .1
1 5 2 .-
1 5 4 .2
1 .4
4 .0
1 .0
3 .6
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l...............................
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .6
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .4
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .8
1 5 6 .7
.6
3 .4
A d m in is tr a t iv e s u p p o r t, in c lu d in g c le r ic a l.................................
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .5
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .6
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 ,7
1 5 4 .6
1 .2
4.1
B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................................
1 3 7 .0
1 3 7 .9
1 3 9 .2
1 4 0 .6
1 4 2 .0
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .6
1.1
3 .9
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ..............................................................................
140 .1
1 4 1 .7
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .0
1 4 5 .7
1 47 .1
1 4 8 .6
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .2
1 .0
3 .8
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s try d iv is io n :
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ....................................................................................
1 3 8 .6
1 3 9 .7
1 4 1 .3
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .3
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .0
1 4 7 ,6
1 4 9 .5
.6
3 .6
M a n u f a c tu r in g ........................................................................................
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .7
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .7
,5
3 .9
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .5
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .0
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .4
1.1
3 .6
S e r v ic e s ....................................................................................................
144 .1
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .6
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .6
1 5 6 .2
1 .7
4 .2
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................................................
1 4 0 .9
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .8
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .7
1 .3
4 .8
H o s p ita ls .............................................................................................
140 .1
1 4 1 .6
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .6
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 ,8
1 5 1 .2
1 5 .5
1 .5
5 .4
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ........................................................................
1 4 3 .7
1 4 4 .7
1 4 5 .3
1 4 5 .6
1 4 8 .9
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .0
1 5 4 .6
2 .4
3 .8
P u b lic a d m in is tr a tio n .........................................................................
1 3 9 .5
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .5
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .6
1 46 .1
1 4 7 .6
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .3
1.1
3 .9
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ..................................................................................
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .5
1 4 7 .2
1 48 .1
1 4 9 .7
1 4 9 .7
1 5 2 .6
1.1
3 .7
Private industry workers.......................................
1 4 1 .0
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .4
1 4 6 .8
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .4
1 5 0 .9
1 52 .1
.8
3 .6
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ........................................................
1 4 0 .8
1 4 2 .0
1 4 3 .5
1 45 .1
1 4 6 .5
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .2
.9
3 .9
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ...........................................................................
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .6
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .7
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .8
1 5 4 .8
.7
3 .4
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .....................................................
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .2
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .9
1 51 .1
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .7
.8
3 .9
P r o fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 4 2 .6
1 44.1
1 45.1
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 .6
1 5 0 .2
1 52 .1
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .8
1 .0
4 .2
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l o c c u p a tio n s ..
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .2
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .2
.4
3 .2
S a le s o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................................
142 .1
1 4 3 .3
1 4 6 .7
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .0
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .2
1 5 1 .5
1 5 1 .2
-.2
1 49.1
1 50.1
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .6
1 5 5 .3
1.1
4 .2
1 4 1 .9
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .5
1.1
3 .9
A d m in is tr a tiv e s u p p o r t o c c u p a tio n s , in c lu d in g c le r ic a l...
1 4 2 .7
1 4 3 .8
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .5
1 3 6 .8
1 3 7 .7
1 39.1
1 4 0 .5
1 .5
P re c is io n p r o d u c tio n , c ra ft, a n d r e p a ir o c c u p a tio n s ........
1 3 6 .7
1 3 7 .5
1 3 8 .9
1 4 0 .6
1 4 2 .0
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .7
1 4 7 .7
1 .4
4 .0
M a c h in e o p e ra to rs , a s s e m b le rs , a n d in s p e c to r s ...............
1 3 8 .3
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .7
1 4 1 .6
1 4 2 .9
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .9
1 48 .1
.8
3 .6
T r a n s p o r t a tio n a n d m a te r ia l m o v in g o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 3 1 .9
1 3 2 .7
1 34.1
1 3 5 .2
1 3 6 .5
1 3 7 .6
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .7
1 42.1
1 .0
4.1
H a n d le r s , e q u ip m e n t c le a n e rs , h e lp e rs , a n d la b o re rs ....
1 3 9 .4
1 4 0 .4
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .6
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .2
1 4 8 .0
1 4 9 .8
1 5 1 .0
.8
4.1
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ...........................................................................
1 3 8 .0
1 3 9 .6
1 4 1 .0
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .7
.8
3 .6
P r o d u c tio n a n d n o n s u p e rv is o ry o c c u p a tio n s 3 .....................
1 3 9 .3
1 4 0 .4
1 42.1
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .3
.9
3 .7
1 4 9 .5
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s try d iv is io n :
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 3 8 .5
1 3 9 .7
1 4 1 .3
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .3
1 4 5 .2
1 4 7 .0
1 4 8 .6
1 3 7 .8
1 3 8 .9
1 4 0 .5
1 42.1
1 4 3 .4
1 4 4 .6
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .8
148 7
6
3 7
1 4 1 .7
1 4 3 .0
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .8
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .5
1 5 2 .3
1 5 2 .6
.2
32
.6
3 .6
1 40.1
1 4 1 .3
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .5
150 8
2
3 3
1 3 6 .6
1 3 7 .6
1 3 9 .0
1 4 0 .5
1 4 2 .0
1 43.1
1 4 4 .7
1 46 .1
1 4 7 .4
9
3 8
C o n s t r u c t io n .........................................................................................
1 3 3 .0
1 3 3 .6
1 3 6 .0
1 3 8 .0
1 3 9 .4
1 4 0 .7
1 42 .1
1 4 3 .9
1 45 .1
.8
4.1
M a n u f a c tu r in g .....................................................................................
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .7
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .7
.5
3 .4
1 4 2 .7
1 4 4 .0
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .7
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .2
1 51 .1
1 5 2 .7
1 5 2 .8
.1
2 8
1 4 0 .8
1 4 2 .0
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .6
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .9
1 5 0 .5
1 5 0 .5
0
2 .7
1 3 8 .4
1 3 9 .7
1 4 0 .8
1 4 2 .0
1 4 3 .4
1 4 4 .6
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .8
1 49 .1
9
4 .0
D u r a b le s ................................................................................................
1 4 0 .4
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .7
1 46.1
1 4 7 .3
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .5
.7
3 .7
N o n d u r a b le s ........................................................................................
1 3 9 .7
1 4 0 .9
1 4 2 .7
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .0
1 4 5 .4
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .0
1 4 9 .3
.2
3 .0
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ................................................................................
142 .1
1 4 3 .3
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .5
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .2
.9
3 .6
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .4
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .6
1 5 4 .2
1 0
4 .0
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .5
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .2
.8
3 .5
145 .1
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .8
1 4 9 .6
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .3
154 3
1 5 5 .6
1 5 7 .2
1 .0
4 .0
1 4 7 .5
1 3 7 .8
139 .1
1 4 0 .3
1 4 1 .6
1 4 2 .2
1 .5
4 .2
1 3 8 .0
1 3 7 .0
1 3 9 .6
1 41 .1
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .8
1 46 .1
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .4
.8
3 .4
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .7
1 4 6 .7
.7
3 .8
3 .8
1 4 4 .3
1 4 5 .3
1 3 7 .5
1 3 7 .9
1 3 8 .5
1 4 0 .0
1 4 1 .3
T r a n s p o r t a tio n ..................................................................................
1 3 4 .4
1 3 4 .9
1 3 4 .9
1 3 6 .2
1 3 7 .4
1 3 8 .6
1 3 9 .8
1 4 1 .6
1 4 2 .6
.7
P u b lic u tilit ie s ....................................................................................
1 4 1 .5
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .4
1 47 .1
1 4 8 .7
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .0
.7
C o m m u n ic a tio n s .........................................................................
3 .8
1 4 1 .9
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .4
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .7
1 4 7 .4
1 4 9 .2
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .3
1 .0
4 .5
1 4 0 .9
1 4 1 .3
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .7
1 4 5 .9
1 4 6 .6
1 48 .1
1 4 9 .9
1 5 0 .4
.3
3.1
1 4 0 .7
1 4 2 .0
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .4
1 50 .1
1 5 0 .6
.3
2 .9
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .3
1 4 5 .2
1 4 6 .8
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .9
1 53 .1
.8
3 .3
W h o le s a le tr a d e ..............................................................................
1 4 4 .3
1 4 6 .5
1 4 7 .4
1 4 9 .4
1 4 9 .6
1 5 1 .6
1 5 1 .6
1 5 4 .5
1 54 .1
-.3
3 .0
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .3
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .9
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .4
.6
4 .0
R e ta il t r a d e ........................................................................................
1 3 8 .9
1 3 9 .6
142 .1
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .8
1 4 5 .2
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .8
1 4 8 .8
.7
2 .8
G e n e r a l m e rc h a n d is e s to r e s ..................................................
1 3 5 .6
1 3 6 .7
1 3 7 .8
1 3 8 .5
1 3 9 .7
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .5
1 4 5 .7
.1
4 .3
F o o d s t o r e s .....................................................................................
1 3 3 .9
1 3 4 .9
1 3 6 .7
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .6
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .7
.8
3 .9
W h o le s a le a n d re ta il tr a d e ............................................................
S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
77
Current Labor Statistics:
22.
Compensation & Industrial Relations
C o n tin u e d — E m p lo y m e n t C o st In d e x , w a g e s a n d salarie s , b y o c c u p a tio n a n d industry g ro u p
[Ju n e 1 989 = 100]________________________________________
1999
2000
2001
Series
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Percent change
3
12
months
months
ended
ended
Sept. 2001
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d re a l e s ta te .........................................
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .2
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .9
1 5 4 .6
1 5 5 .8
0 .8
2 .7
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .0
1 5 0 .2
1 5 1 .5
1 5 3 .3
1 54.1
1 5 6 .6
1 5 7 .6
1 59 .1
1 .0
3 .8
B a n k in g , s a v in g s a n d lo a n , a n d o th e r c r e d it a g e n c ie s .
1 5 9 .2
1 5 9 .6
1 6 2 .0
1 6 3 .3
1 6 5 .0
1 6 5 .7
1 6 9 .4
1 7 0 .8
1 7 3 .2
1 .4
5 .0
In s u r a n c e ...........................................................................................
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .5
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .6
1 5 0 .7
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .3
1 5 3 .6
.2
1 .9
S e r v ic e s ..................................................................................................
1 4 4 .5
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .4
1 49.1
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .0
1 57 .1
1 .4
4 .3
B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ..........................................................................
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .8
1 5 2 .0
1 54.1
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .0
1 5 8 .2
1 5 1 .7
1 6 0 .8
1 6 2 .8
1.2
4 .8
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ................................................................................
1 4 0 .6
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .5
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .6
1 48.1
1 4 9 .8
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .6
1.2
4 .8
H o s p ita ls ..........................................................................................
1 3 9 .3
1 4 0 .9
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .8
1 4 8 .5
1 5 1 .0
1 5 3 .3
1 .5
5 .8
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ....................................................................
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 4 8 .9
1 4 9 .6
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .3
1 5 5 .4
1 56 .1
1 5 9 .6
2 .2
4 .0
C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s itie s .........................................................
1 4 7 .2
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .9
1 4 9 .4
1 5 2 .5
1 5 2 .9
1 54 .1
1 5 5 .0
1 5 8 .4
2 .2
3 .9
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ............................................................................
1 4 1 .0
1 42.1
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .2
.9
3 .6
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ......................................................................
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .0
.8
3 .6
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .4
149 .1
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .9
1 .0
4.1
B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ................................................................
1 35.1
1 3 5 .8
1 3 7 .4
1 3 8 .9
1 4 0 .3
1 4 0 .9
1 4 2 .8
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .8
1 .3
3 .9
S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ......................................................................
1 3 7 .9
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .9
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .4
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .0
147 .1
1 4 8 .2
.7
3 .3
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .5
1 4 4 .3
1 4 4 .7
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .3
1 5 0 .2
1 5 1 .2
1 5 4 .3
1 .9
3 .9
State and local government workers.........................
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 42.1
1 4 3 .4
1 44.1
1 4 4 .5
1 47.1
1 4 8 .0
1 4 9 .0
1 4 9 .8
1 5 2 .7
1 .9
P r o fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l..........................................
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .6
1 4 4 .3
1 4 4 .7
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .2
1 49.1
1 4 9 .8
1 5 3 .0
2.1
3 .8
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l..............................
1 4 2 .7
1 4 4 .3
1 4 4 .9
1 45.1
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 .8
1 50.1
1 5 1 .5
1 5 3 .9
1 .6
4 .5
A d m in is tr a t iv e s u p p o r t, in c lu d in g c le r ic a l.................................
1 3 9 .6
1 4 1 .7
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .0
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .2
1 4 7 .0
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .8
1 .5
3 .3
B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................................
1 3 9 .4
1 4 0 .7
1 4 1 .5
1 42.1
1 4 3 .9
145 .1
1 4 6 .0
1 4 6 .5
1 49.1
1 .8
3 .6
3 .8
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n :
S e r v ic e s ....................................................................................................
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .0
1 4 4 .6
1 4 4 .9
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .2
1 5 3 .7
2 .3
3 .9
S e r v ic e s e x c lu d in g s c h o o ls 4 .........................................................
142 .1
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .3
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .7
1 4 7 .9
149 .1
1 5 0 .7
1 5 3 .2
1 .7
4 .4
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ................................................................................
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .3
1 4 5 .7
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .3
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 5 4 .2
1 .5
4 .4
H o s p ita ls ..........................................................................................
1 4 2 .8
1 44.1
1 4 5 .3
1 4 5 .6
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .2
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .8
1 5 4 .2
1 .6
4 .4
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s .....................................................................
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .0
1 4 4 .5
1 4 4 .8
1 4 8 .0
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 5 3 .6
2 .4
3 .8
S c h o o ls ............................................................................................
143 .1
1 4 4 .2
1 4 4 .7
1 4 4 .9
148 .1
1 4 8 .9
1 4 9 .7
1 5 0 .2
1 5 3 .8
2 .4
3 .8
E le m e n ta r y a n d s e c o n d a r y .................................................
143 .1
1 44.1
1 4 4 .5
1 4 4 .6
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .0
1 4 9 .5
1 5 2 .8
2 .2
3 .3
C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s itie s .....................................................
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .4
1 4 4 .9
1 4 5 .6
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .4
1 5 1 .8
1 5 6 .5
3.1
5 .5
P u b lic a d m in is tr a t io n 2 ..........................................................................
1 3 9 .5
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .5
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .6
1 46.1
1 4 7 .6
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .3
1.1
3 .9
1 C o n s is ts o f p r iv a te in d u s tr y w o r k e r s (e x c lu d in g fa r m a n d h o u s e h o ld w o rk e rs ) a n d
S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t (e x c lu d in g F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t) w o rk e rs .
E a r n in g s in d e x , w h ic h w a s d is c o n tin u e d in J a n u a r y 1 9 8 9 .
2 C o n s is ts o f le g is la tiv e , ju d ic ia l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d r e g u la to r y a c tiv itie s .
23.
a T h is s e rie s h a s th e s a m e in d u s try a n d o c c u p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e a s th e H o u r ly
4 In c lu d e s , fo r e x a m p le , lib ra ry , s o c ia l, a n d h e a lth s e rv ic e s .
E m p lo y m e n t C o st In d e x , b en e fits , p riv a te industry w o rk e rs b y o c c u p a tio n a n d industry g ro u p
[J u n e 1 989 = 100]
______________________________________________
1999
2000
2001
Series
Sept.
Private industry workers........................................
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Percent change
3
12
months
months
ended
ended
Sept.
1 4 8 .6
1 5 0 .2
1 5 3 .8
W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .5
1 5 6 .3
1 5 8 .5
1 6 0 .4
1 6 1 .5
1 6 5 .2
1 6 7 .4
1 6 9 .5
1 .3
5 .7
B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................................
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .2
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .6
1 53 .1
1 54.1
1 5 5 .7
1 5 6 .7
1 5 8 .3
1 .3
3 .4
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g .....................................................................................
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .2
1 5 2 .3
1 5 4 .2
1 5 5 .7
1 5 6 .2
1 5 8 .5
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .8
.8
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ...................................................................................
1 4 9 .4
1 5 0 .7
1 5 4 .0
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .9
1 5 9 .4
1 6 2 .6
1 6 4 .6
1 67.1
1 .5
5 .8
M a n u f a c tu r in g ...........................................................................................
1 4 5 .7
1 4 7 .8
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .9
1 5 4 .9
1 5 4 .8
1 57 .1
1 5 7 .9
1 5 8 .5
.4
2 .3
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g .................................................................................
1 4 9 .4
1 5 0 .7
1 5 4 .0
1 56.1
1 58 .1
1 5 9 .7
1 6 2 .9
1 6 4 .9
1 6 7 .4
1 .5
5 .9
1 5 5 .7
1 5 7 .5
1 5 8 .6
1 6 1 .5
1 6 3 .2
1 6 5 .2
1 .2
4 .9
W o rk e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p :
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n :
78 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
3 .3
24.
E m p lo y m e n t C o st In d e x , p riv a te n o n fa rm w o rk e rs b y b a r g a in in g status, re g io n , a n d a r e a size
[J u n e 1 98 9 = 100]
1999
2000
2001
Series
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Percent change
12
3
months
months
ended
ended
Sept. 2001
C O M P E N S A T IO N
W o r k e r s , b y b a r g a in in g s t a t u s 1
U n io n ...................................................................................................................
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .2
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .4
1 46.1
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .0
1.0
3 .4
G o o d s - p r o d u c ln g ......................................................................................
1 3 9 .2
1 4 0 .8
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .8
1 4 6 .8
1 4 7 .3
1 4 7 .9
1 4 9 .3
1 5 0 .6
.9
2 .6
4 .1
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ....................................................................................
1 4 1 .0
1 4 1 .4
1 4 2 .5
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .2
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .5
1 5 1 .2
1.1
M a n u f a c tu r in g ............................................................................................
139 .1
1 4 1 .0
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .4
1 47.1
1 4 7 .4
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .8
1 4 9 .9
.7
1 .9
1 4 0 .3
1 4 0 .8
1 4 1 .7
1 4 3 .4
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .2
1 4 7 .3
1 4 9 .4
151 1
1.1
4 .2
4 .1
N o n u n io n ...........................................................................................................
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .2
1 4 7 .4
1 49 .1
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .6
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .7
.9
G o o d s - p r o d u c ln g ......................................................................................
1 4 1 .8
143 .1
1 4 5 .4
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .6
1 53 .1
1 5 4 .0
.6
3 .8
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ....................................................................................
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .7
1 4 8 .0
1 4 9 .6
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .3
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .5
1 .0
4 .2
M a n u f a c tu r in g .............................................................................................
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .4
1 4 6 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .2
1 4 9 .9
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .7
1 5 4 .4
.5
3 .5
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ..................................................................................
1 4 3 .8
145 .1
1 4 7 .4
149 .1
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .4
1 5 7 .0
1 .0
4 .2
W o r k e r s , b y r e g io n 1
N o r t h e a s t ..........................................................................................................
1 4 3 .2
1 4 4 .3
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .3
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .6
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .2
1 .0
4 .0
S o u t h ..................................................................................................................
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .0
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .7
1 4 7 .6
1 4 8 .6
1 51.1
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .5
.8
4 .0
M id w e s t ( f o r m e r ly N o rth C e n tr a l) ........................................................
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .8
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .4
.9
3 .4
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .7
1 4 7 .0
1 4 8 .8
1 5 0 .8
1 5 1 .8
1 5 4 .3
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .6
1 .0
4 .5
M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s ......................................................................................
1 4 3 .3
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .6
1 50.1
1 5 1 .0
1 53.1
1 5 4 .6
1 5 6 .0
.9
3 .9
O th e r a r e a s .....................................................................................................
1 43.1
1 4 3 .6
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .7
1 4 8 .8
1 5 0 .3
1 52.1
1 5 3 .7
1 5 4 .8
.7
4 .0
U n io n ...................................................................................................................
1 3 5 .7
1 3 6 .5
1 3 7 .2
1 3 8 .5
1 4 0 .0
1 4 1 .2
1 42.1
1 4 3 .7
1 45 .1
1 .0
3 .6
G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ......................................................................................
1 3 4 .9
136 .1
1 3 7 .2
1 3 8 .4
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .3
1 4 2 .4
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .3
.8
3 .6
W o r k e r s , b y a r e a s iz e 1
W A G E S A N D S A L A R IE S
W o r k e r s , b y b a r g a in in g s t a t u s 1
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ....................................................................................
1 3 6 .8
1 3 7 .2
1 3 7 .6
1 3 8 .9
140 .1
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .4
1 .2
3 .8
M a n u f a c tu r in g ............................................................................................
1 3 5 .8
1 3 7 .5
1 3 8 .8
1 3 9 .7
1 4 1 .4
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .5
1 4 6 .7
.8
3 .7
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ..................................................................................
1 3 5 .6
1 3 5 .9
1 3 6 .4
1 3 7 .8
1 3 9 .2
1 4 0 .4
1 41 .1
1 4 2 .7
1 4 4 .3
1.1
3 .7
N o n u n io n ...........................................................................................................
1 4 2 .0
1 4 3 .3
1 45.1
1 4 6 .7
1 48 .1
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .4
.8
3 .6
G o o d s - p r o d u c ln g ......................................................................................
1 4 0 .0
141 .1
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .7
1 4 5 .8
1 4 6 .8
1 4 8 .8
1 5 0 .3
1 51 .1
.5
3 .6
S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ....................................................................................
1 4 2 .6
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .8
1 4 7 .3
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .6
1 5 1 .4
1 5 2 .7
1 54 .1
.9
3 .6
M a n u f a c tu r in g ............................................................................................
1 4 1 .7
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .4
146 .1
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .0
1 50 .1
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .2
.4
3 .4
N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ..................................................................................
1 4 1 .8
1 4 3 .0
1 4 5 .0
1 4 6 .6
1 4 8 .0
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .3
.9
3 .6
W o r k e r s , b y r e g io n 1
N o r t h e a s t ..........................................................................................................
1 3 9 .9
1 4 0 .9
1 4 2 .3
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .3
1 4 9 .2
1 5 0 .6
.9
3 .6
S o u t h ..................................................................................................................
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .5
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .6
1 4 5 .3
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .3
1 5 0 .2
.6
3 .4
M id w e s t ( f o r m e r ly N o rth C e n tr a l) ........................................................
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .6
1 4 5 .3
147 .1
1 4 8 .6
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .6
.9
3 .4
W e s t ...................................................................................................................
1 4 1 .3
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .2
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .9
1 5 4 .3
.9
4.1
W o r k e r s , b y a r e a s iz e 1
M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s .......................................................................................
1 4 1 .2
1 4 2 .5
1 44.1
1 4 5 .7
147 .1
1 4 8 .0
1 4 9 .8
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .4
.8
3 .6
O t h e r a r e a s .....................................................................................................
1 3 9 .8
1 4 0 .2
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .7
1 4 4 .7
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .8
1 4 9 .7
.6
3 .5
1 T h e in d e x e s a r e c a lc u la te d d iffe re n tly fro m th o s e fo r th e o c c u p a tio n a n d In d u s tr y g ro u p s . F o r a d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f th e in d e x c a lc u la tio n , s e e th e Monthly Labor Review
T e c h n ic a l N o te , " E s tim a tio n p ro c e d u r e s f o r th e E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x ," M a y 1 9 8 2 .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
79
Current Labor Statistics:
25.
Compensation & Industrial Relations
P ercen t of fu ll-tim e e m p lo y e e s p a rtic ip a tin g in e m p lo y e r-p ro v id e d b e n e fit plans, a n d in s e le c te d fea tu res w ithin plans,
3 1 ,0 5 9
3 2 ,4 2 8
3 1 ,1 6 3
2 8 ,7 2 8
3 3 ,3 7 4
3 8 ,4 0 9
2 0 ,2 3 8
2 7 ,9 5 3
2 9 ,8 3 4
2 5 ,8 6 5
2 3 ,5 1 9
2 5 ,5 4 6
2 9 ,3 4 0
2 0 ,4 5 1
2 8 ,5 7 4
3 0 ,4 8 2
2 9 ,2 9 3
2 6 ,1 7 5
2 9 ,0 7 8
3 3 ,4 9 5
1 6 ,1 9 0
1 9 ,5 6 7
2 0 ,4 3 0
1 8 ,3 8 6
1 6 ,0 1 5
1 7 ,4 1 7
1 9 ,2 0 2
-
2 1 ,3 5 2
2 1 ,0 4 3
2 1 ,0 1 3
2 1 ,3 0 3
W ith m e d ic a l c a r e .................................................................
2 0 ,7 1 1
2 0 ,4 1 2
2 0 ,3 8 3
W ith life in s u r a n c e ................................................................
2 0 ,4 9 8
2 0,2 01
2 0 ,1 7 2
W ith d e fin e d b e n e fit p la n ...................................................
1 7 ,9 3 6
1 7 ,6 7 6
17,231
S c o p e o f s u rv e y (in 0 0 0 ’s ) ....................................................
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
Ite m
N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s (in 0 0 0 ’s ):
T im e - o f f p la n s
P a r tic ip a n ts w ith :
P a id lu n c h t im e ........................................................................
10
9
9
10
11
10
8
9
-
A v e ra g e m in u te s p e r d a y .................................................
-
25
26
27
29
26
30
29
-
-
P a id re s t t im e ...........................................................................
75
76
73
72
72
71
67
68
-
-
A v e r a g e m in u te s p e r d a y .................................................
-
26
26
26
28
26
-
25
-
26
P a id fu n e ra l le a v e ..................................................................
-
88
85
84
80
83
_
80
_
81
3 .0
3 .3
3 .7
3.2
3 .3
3 .3
A v e r a g e d a y s p e r o c c u r r e n c e ........................................
-
-
-
3 .2
P a id h o lid a y s ............................................................................
99
99
99
99
96
97
92
91
89
89
10.0
9.4
9 .2
10.2
9 .4
9.1
9 .3
1 0.0
9 .8
A v e r a g e d a y s p e r y e a r ......................................................
10.1
P a id p e r s o n a l le a v e ...............................................................
20
24
23
25
24
22
21
21
22
20
A v e r a g e d a y s p e r y e a r ......................................................
-
3 .8
3 .6
3 .7
3 .3
3.1
3 .3
3.1
3 .3
3 .5
P a id v a c a tio n s ..........................................................................
1 00
99
99
1 00
98
97
96
97
96
95
P a id s ic k le a v e ’ .....................................................................
U n p a id m a te r n ity le a v e .........................................................
62
67
67
70
69
68
67
65
58
56
-
-
-
-
33
37
37
60
-
-
U n p a id p a te rn ity le a v e .........................................................
-
-
-
-
16
18
26
53
U n p a id fa m ily l e a v e ..............................................................
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
97
97
97
95
90
92
83
82
77
76
-
Insurance plans
P a r tic ip a n ts in m e d ic a l c a re p la n s .....................................
P e rc e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith c o v e ra g e fo r:
H o m e h e a lth c a r e .................................................................
-
-
46
66
76
75
81
86
78
85
E x te n d e d c a re fa c ilit ie s ....................................................
58
62
62
70
79
80
80
82
73
78
P h y s ic a l e x a m ......................................................................
-
-
8
18
28
28
30
42
56
63
26
27
36
43
44
47
51
61
67
69
-
$ 1 1 .9 3
$ 1 2 .8 0
$ 1 9 .2 9
$ 2 5 .3 1
$ 2 6 .6 0
$ 3 1 .5 5
$ 3 3 .9 2
$ 3 9 .1 4
P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith e m p lo y e e
c o n trib u tio n r e q u ir e d fo r:
A v e r a g e m o n th ly c o n tr ib u tio n ......................................
51
58
63
64
66
69
76
78
80
-
$ 3 5 .9 3
$ 4 1 .4 0
$ 6 0 .0 7
$ 7 2 .1 0
$ 9 6 .9 7
$ 1 0 7 .4 2
$ 1 1 8 .3 3
$ 1 3 0 .0 7
96
96
96
96
92
94
94
91
87
87
69
_
72
74
_
72
78
71
71
76
77
74
10
8
7
6
5
7
6
-
64
64
59
49
42
44
41
37
33
40
43
47
48
42
45
40
41
42
43
44
53
55
46
A v e r a g e m o n tm y c o n triD u tio n .......................................
P a r tic ip a n ts in life in s u r a n c e p la n s ...................................
P e rc e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith :
A c c id e n ta l d e a th a n d d is m e m b e rm e n t
in s u r a n c e ................................................................................
R e tire e p ro te c tio n a v a ila b le .............................................
_
P a r tic ip a n ts in lo n g -te rm d is a b ility
P a r tic ip a n ts in s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t
54
P a r tic ip a n ts in s h o r t- te rm d is a b ility p la n s 1...................
51
51
49
46
43
45
-
-
-
-
-
-
84
82
76
63
63
59
_
Retirement plans
P a r tic ip a n ts in d e fin e d b e n e fit p e n s io n p la n s ............
84
56
52
50
P e rc e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith :
E a rly r e tire m e n t a v a ila b le ................................................
55
58
63
64
52
62
55
52
52
52
98
97
97
98
98
97
98
95
96
95
7
6
4
10
56
61
58
56
A d h o c p e n s io n in c re a s e in la s t 5 y e a r s ....................
T e rm in a l e a r n in g s f o r m u la ..............................................
47
35
26
22
55
64
53
52
54
57
45
45
56
62
62
60
54
48
51
49
60
45
48
48
49
56
57
42
54
55
P a r tic ip a n ts in d e fin e d c o n trib u tio n p la n s ......................
P a r tic ip a n ts in p la n s w ith ta x - d e fe rre d s a v in g s
a r r a n g e m e n ts ........................................................................
41
44
33
36
2
£
C
9
1C
12
12
13
12
22
36
52
3i
32
Other benefits
E m p lo y e e s e lig ib le fo r:
|
P re m iu m c o n v e rs io n p la n s ................................................
1
T h e d e fin itio n s fo r p a id s ic k le a v e a n d s h o rt-te rm
a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ) w e re c h a n g e d fo r th e 1 9 9 5 s u rv e y .
d is a b ility (p re v io u s ly s ic k n e s s a n d
P a id s ic k le a v e n o w in c lu d e s o n ly
p la n s th a t s p e c ify e ith e r a m a x im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s p e r y e a r o r u n lim ite d d a y s .
S h o rt-
2
P rio r to
1 9 9 5 , re im b u rs e m e n t
a c c o u n ts in c lu d e d
d o lla rs .
o n a p e r - d is a b ility b a s is , a s w e ll a s th e u n fu n d e d p e r-d is a b ility p la n s p re v io u s ly re p o rte d a s
ta b u la te d s e p a ra te ly .
A ls o ,
re im b u rs e m e n t
a c c o u n ts th a t w e re
s ic k le a v e . S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e , re p o rte d in y e a rs p rio r to th is s u rv e y , in c lu d e d
80 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
p re m iu m
c o n v e rs io n
s p e c ific a lly a llo w m e d ic a l p la n p a r tic ip a n ts to p a y re q u ire d p la n
te r m s d is a b ility n o w in c lu d e s a ll in s u re d , s e lf-in s u re d , a n d S ta te -m a n d a te d p la n s a v a ila b le
o n ly in s u re d , s e lf-in s u r e d , a n d S ta te -m a n d a te d p la n s p ro v id in g p e r-d is a b ility b e n e
7
fits at less than full pay.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available.
p a rt
p la n s , w h ic h
p re m iu m s w ith p re ta x
o f fle x ib le
b e n e fit
p la n s
w e re
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
26. P e rc en t of fu ll-tim e e m p lo y e e s p a rtic ip a tin g in e m p lo y e r-p ro v id e d b e n e fit plans, a n d in s e le c te d fea tu re s
w ithin plans, sm all p riv a te establishm ents a n d S tate a n d lo c a l g o vern m en ts, 1 9 8 7 ,1 9 9 0 , 1 9 9 2 ,1 9 9 4 , a n d 1996
Small private establishments
Item
1990
S c o p e o f s u rv e y (in 0 0 0 's )....................................................
1992
3 2 ,4 6 6
1994
3 4 ,3 6 0
State and local governments
1996
3 5 ,9 1 0
1987
3 9 ,8 1 6
1990
10,321
1992
1 2 ,9 7 2
1994
1 2 ,4 6 6
1 2 ,9 0 7
N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s (in 0 0 0 ’s):
W ith m e d ic a l c a r e .................................................................
2 2 ,4 0 2
2 4 ,3 9 6
2 3 ,5 3 6
2 5 ,5 9 9
9 ,5 9 9
1 2 ,0 6 4
1 1 ,2 1 9
1 1 ,1 9 2
W ith life in s u r a n c e ................................................................
2 0 ,7 7 8
2 1 ,9 9 0
2 1 ,9 5 5
2 4 ,6 3 5
8 ,7 7 3
1 1 ,4 1 5
1 1 ,0 9 5
1 1 ,1 9 4
W ith d e fin e d b e n e fit p la n ...................................................
6 ,4 9 3
7 ,5 5 9
5 ,4 8 0
5 ,8 8 3
9 ,5 9 9
1 1 ,6 7 5
1 0 ,8 4 5
1 1 ,7 0 8
-
Time-off plans
P a rtic ip a n ts w ith :
P a id lu n c h tim e ........................................................................
8
9
-
-
17
11
10
A v e ra g e m in u te s p e r d a y .................................................
37
37
-
-
34
36
34
-
P a id re s t tim e ...........................................................................
48
49
-
-
58
56
53
-
A v e ra g e m in u te s p e r d a y .................................................
27
26
-
-
29
29
29
-
P a id fu n e ra l le a v e ..................................................................
47
50
50
51
56
63
65
62
3 .7
A v e ra g e d a y s p e r o c c u r re n c e ........................................
2 .9
3 .0
3.1
3 .0
3 .7
3 .7
3 .7
P a id h o lid a y s ............................................................................
84
82
82
80
81
74
75
73
A v e ra g e d a y s p e r y e a r1....................................................
P a id p e rs o n a l le a v e ...............................................................
9 .5
9 .2
7 .5
7 .6
1 0.9
1 3.6
1 4.2
1 1 .5
11
12
13
14
38
39
38
38
A v e ra g e d a y s p e r y e a r ......................................................
2 .8
2 .6
2 .6
3 .0
2 .7
2 .9
2 .9
3 .0
P a id v a c a tio n s ..........................................................................
88
88
88
86
72
67
67
66
47
53
50
50
97
95
95
94
U n p a id le a v e ............................................................................
17
18
_
57
51
59
U n p a id p a te rn ity le a v e .........................................................
8
7
30
33
44
U n p a id fa m ily le a v e ...............................................................
-
-
47
48
-
—
93
"
Insurance plans
P a rtic ip a n ts in m e d ic a l c a re p la n s .....................................
69
71
66
64
93
93
90
87
79
80
-
-
76
82
87
84
-
-
P e rc e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith c o v e ra g e for:
H o m e h e a lth c a r e ................................................................
E x te n d e d c a re fa c ilitie s ....................................................
83
84
P h y s ic a l e x a m ......................................................................
26
28
78
79
84
81
36
36
47
55
P e rc e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith e m p lo y e e
c o n trib u tio n re q u ire d fo r:
S e lf c o v e r a g e ........................................................................
42
47
52
52
35
38
43
47
A v e ra g e m o n th ly c o n trib u tio n ......................................
$ 2 5 .1 3
$ 36 .51
$ 4 0 .9 7
$ 4 2 .6 3
$ 1 5 .7 4
$ 2 5 .5 3
$ 2 8 .9 7
$ 3 0 .2 0
F a m ily c o v e r a g e ..................................................................
67
73
76
75
71
65
72
71
A v e ra g e m o n th ly c o n trib u tio n ......................................
$ 1 0 9 .3 4
$ 1 5 0 .5 4
$ 1 5 9 .6 3
$ 1 8 1 .5 3
$ 7 1 .8 9
$ 1 1 7 .5 9
$ 1 3 9 .2 3
$ 1 4 9 .7 0
P a rtic ip a n ts in life in s u ra n c e p la n s ...................................
64
64
61
62
85
88
89
87
79
77
P e rc e n t o f p a rtic ip a n ts w ith :
A c c id e n ta l d e a th a n d d is m e m b e rm e n t
in s u ra n c e ...............................................................................
78
76
67
67
74
64
S u rv iv o r in c o m e b e n e fits ...................................................
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
R e tire e p ro te c tio n a v a ila b le ..............................................
19
25
20
13
55
45
46
46
19
23
20
22
31
27
28
30
_
14
21
22
21
-
-
-
-
93
90
87
91
P a rtic ip a n ts in lo n g -te rm d is a b ility
in s u ra n c e p la n s .....................................................................
P a rtic ip a n ts in s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t
in s u ra n c e p la n s ......................................................................
P a rtic ip a n ts in s h o rt-te rm d is a b ility p la n s 2....................
6
26
26
-
-
-
20
22
15
29
Retirement plans
P a rtic ip a n ts in d e fin e d b e n e fit p e n s io n p la n s ..............
15
P e rc e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith :
N o rm a l re tire m e n t p rio r to a g e 6 5 ................................
54
50
-
47
92
89
92
92
E a rly re tire m e n t a v a ila b le .................................................
95
95
-
92
90
88
89
87
A d h o c p e n s io n in c re a s e in la s t 5 y e a r s .....................
7
4
-
-
33
16
10
T e rm in a l e a rn in g s fo r m u la ...............................................
58
54
-
53
1 00
100
1 00
99
B e n e fit c o o rd in a te d w ith S o c ia l S e c u rity ....................
49
46
-
44
18
8
10
49
P a rtic ip a n ts in d e fin e d c o n trib u tio n p la n s .......................
31
33
34
38
9
9
9
9
17
24
23
28
28
45
45
24
13
P a rtic ip a n ts in p la n s w ith ta x -d e fe rre d s a v in g s
a rra n g e m e n ts ..........................................................................
Other benefits
E m p lo y e e s e lig ib le fo r:
F le x ib le b e n e fits p la n s .........................................................
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
R e im b u rs e m e n t a c c o u n ts 3...............................................
8
14
19
12
5
31
50
64
P re m iu m c o n v e rs io n p la n s ..............................................
7
1 M e th o d s u s e d to c a lc u la te th e a v e ra g e n u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s w e re re v is e d
in 1 9 9 4 to c o u n t p a rtia l d a y s m o re p re c is e ly .
A v e ra g e h o lid a y s fo r 1 9 9 4 a re
n o t c o m p a ra b le w ith th o s e re p o rte d in 1 99 0 a n d 199 2.
2
The
d e fin itio n s fo r p a id s ic k le a v e a n d s h o rt-te rm
S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e , re p o rte d in y e a rs p rio r to th is s u rv e y ,
in c lu d e d o n ly in s u re d , s e lf-in s u re d , a n d S ta te -m a n d a te d p la n s p ro v id in g p e r d is a b ility b e n e fits a t le s s th a n fu ll p a y.
d is a b ility
(p re v io u s ly
3
P rio r to 1 9 9 6 , re im b u rs e m e n t a c c o u n ts in c lu d e d p re m iu m c o n v e rs io n p la n s ,
s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e ) w e re c h a n g e d fo r th e 1 9 9 6 s u rv e y . P a id s ic k
w h ic h
le a v e n o w in c lu d e s o n ly p la n s th a t s p e c ify e ith e r a m a x im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s
p re m iu m s w ith p re ta x d o lla rs . A ls o , re im b u rs e m e n t a c c o u n ts th a t w e re p a rt o f
p e r y e a r o r u n lim ite d d a y s . S h o rt-te rm d is a b ility n o w in c lu d e s a ll in s u re d , s e lf-
fle x ib le b e n e fit p la n s w e re ta b u la te d s e p a ra te ly .
s p e c ific a lly
a llo w
m e d ic a l
p la n
p a rtic ip a n ts
to
pay
re q u ir e d
p lan
in s u re d , a n d S ta te -m a n d a te d p la n s a v a ila b le on a p e r-d is a b ility b a s is , a s w e ll
a s th e u n fu n d e d p e r -d is a b ility p la n s p re v io u s ly re p o rte d a s s ic k le a v e .
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available.
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
81
Current Labor Statistics:
Compensation & Industrial Relations
27. W ork s to p p a g e s invo lvin g 1,000 w orkers or m o re
Dec.
2000
Jan.p
Feb.p
Mar.p
cL
1999
2000
<
Annual totals
1999
CL _
Measure
May**
Junep Julyp
Aug.p Sept.p Oct.p
N u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s :
Nov.p Dec.p
17
39
0
0
1
2
6
2
5
3
6
5
7
0
21
40
1
1
2
4
7
4
8
6
8
10
12
3
W o r k e r s in v o lv e d :
3
73
394
.0
.0
1 7 .0
5 .7
2 6 .7
1 3 6 .9
1 1 .4
7 .2
9 9 .2
1 7 .8
6 0 .3
.0
8 .7
B e g in n in g in p e r io d (in t h o u s a n d s ) ....
80
397
3 .0
3 .0
2 0 .0
2 5 .7
2 9 .7
1 4 1 .3
1 5 0 .8
1 4 6 .9
2 3 7 .2
1 6 7 .8
2 1 1 .6
4 .5
1 0 .3
In e ffe c t d u r in g p e r io d (in th o u s a n d s ).
1 ,9 9 5
2 0 ,4 1 9
6 3 .0
6 0 .0
2 9 8 .0
3 2 7 .6
2 7 2 .2
3 ,0 9 5 .3
3 ,1 3 4 .0
2 ,8 0 4 .4
4 ,1 8 6 .6
3 ,0 2 9 .3
3 ,0 8 8 .6
.01
.0 6
(2)
.01
.01
.01
.10
.10
.10
.1 3
.11
.11
D a y s id le :
(2)
P e r c e n t o f e s tim a te d w o rk in g t im e 1...
1 A g r ic u ltu ra l a n d g o v e r n m e n t employees a re in c lu d e d in th e to ta l e m p lo y e d a n d to ta l w o rk in g tim e ; p riv a te h o u s e h o ld , fo re s try , a n d fis h e ry e m p lo y e e s a re e x c lu d e d .
6 4 .5
________ £
A n e x p la n a tio n o f
th e m e a s u r e m e n t o f id le n e s s a s a p e rc e n ta g e o f th e to ta l tim e w o rk e d is fo u n d in " T o ta l e c o n o m y ’ m e a s u re s o f s trik e id le n e s s ," Monthly Labor R eview , O c to b e r 1 9 6 8 , p p . 5 4 5 6 .
2 L e s s th a n 0 .0 0 5 .
p = p r e lim in a ry .
82 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
5 8 .9
________ a
28. Consum er Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers an d for Urban W a g e Earners a n d C lerical Workers: U.S. city a v e ra g e ,
b y expen diture c a te g o ry a n d c o m m o d ity or service group
[1 9 8 2 -8 4 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]
Series
Annual average
1999
2000
2000
Oct.
Nov.
2001
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
C O N S U M E R P R IC E IN D E X
FOR A L L U RBAN CONSUMERS
A ll ite m s ..............................................................................
166.6
172.2
174.0
174.1
174.0
175.1
175.8
176.2
176.9
177.7
178.0
177.5
1 77.5
178 .3
1 77 .7
A ll ite m s (1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )........................................................
4 9 9 .0
5 15 .8
5 21.2
5 21 .5
521.1
524 .5
526 .7
5 28.0
5 29 .9
5 32.2
5 33 .3
5 31 .6
5 3 1 .8
5 3 4 .0
5 3 2 .2
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s .........................................................
164.6
168.4
169.6
169.5
170.5
171.4
171.8
172.2
172.4
172.9
173.4
174.0
174.4
1 74 .6
1 75 .3
F o o d ......................................................................................
164.1
167.8
169.1
168.9
170.0
170.9
171.3
171.7
171.9
172.5
173.0
173.5
1 73.9
174.1
1 7 4 .9
F o o d a t h o m e ..................................................................
164.2
167 .9
169.1
168.8
170.2
171.3
171.8
172.0
172.2
172.8
173 .3
173 .9
174.2
1 74 .3
1 75 .2
C e re a ls a n d b a k e ry p ro d u c ts ...................................
185.0
188.3
190.1
189.0
190.7
191.1
191.9
191.9
192.5
193.2
194.2
194.9
195.9
195.1
1 95 .2
M e a ts , p o u ltry , fis h , a n d e g g s ..................................
147.9
154 .5
156.8
155.5
156.6
158.0
159.5
160.1
160.7
160.8
161 .7
162.3
162 .4
162 .4
1 63 .5
D a iry a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts 1......................................
159.6
160 .7
161.9
161.4
161.5
163.6
163.6
163.2
163.4
164.7
166.9
168.3
168 .9
169 .4
1 70.8
F ru its a n d v e g e ta b le s .................................................
203.1
2 0 4 .6
2 06 .2
2 07 .3
215.1
2 12 .6
2 11 .5
2 11 .5
2 1 3 .3
213.1
2 1 1 .8
2 1 0 .7
2 0 8 .8
212.1
2 1 3 .5
N o n a lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s a nd b e v e ra g e
m a te ria ls ......................................................................
1 34.3
137.8
137.4
137.9
136.7
139.4
139.9
139.5
138.9
138.1
138.6
138.9
140.0
139 .2
O th e r fo o d s a t h o m e ...................................................
1 53.5
1 55.6
155.8
156.0
156.3
157.8
157.9
158.6
157.6
159.6
159.5
160.4
161.0
1 60 .2
1 60 .9
S u g a r a n d s w e e ts ......................................................
152.3
154.0
153.9
153.0
153.5
155.7
155.8
155.7
154.0
155.8
155.7
156.1
156.1
1 56 .6
156 .4
1 39 .9
F a ts a n d o ils .................................................................
148.3
147.4
149.7
146.5
150.2
153.0
152.6
153.1
151.5
154.7
156.7
157.8
158.5
1 58 .5
1 59 .5
O th e r fo o d s ................................................................
168 .9
172.2
172.0
173.3
172.7
173.8
174.0
175.1
174.4
176.4
175.7
176.8
177 .6
1 76 .2
177 .0
104.9
107 .5
106.8
110.0
108.9
109.0
108.7
108.4
108.5
108.8
107.7
109.6
109 .5
1 08 .9
1 08 .9
F o o d a w a y fro m h o m e 1.................................................
165.1
169.0
170.3
170.4
170.8
171.4
171.8
172.3
172.7
173.1
173.6
174.1
174 .7
175.1
1 75 .6
O th e r fo o d a w a y fro m h o m e 1,2...............................
105.2
109.0
110.5
111.0
111.1
111.3
111.4
111.6
111.8
112.4
112.6
113.8
114.3
1 15 .3
115 .4
A lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s ........................................................
169.7
174.7
175.9
176.4
176.5
177.2
177.7
177.8
178.1
178.5
179.1
179.7
180.0
180 .4
1 80 .8
H o u s in g ...................................................................................
163.9
169.6
171.7
171.6
171.9
174.1
174.7
175.4
175.4
175.9
177.3
177.6
178.0
177 .4
1 7 6 .7
S h e lte r...............................................................................
O th e r m is c e lla n e o u s fo o d s 1,2............................
187 .3
193.4
195.2
195.2
195.1
196.4
197.6
198.9
199.2
199.6
2 0 0 .7
2 01 .4
2 0 2 .4
2 0 2 .0
2 0 2 .4
R e n t o f p rim a ry re s id e n c e .........................................
177 .5
1 83.9
186.1
186.8
187.6
188.2
188.9
189.6
190.2
191.0
191.6
192.3
193.1
193 .9
1 94 .7
L o d g in g a w a y fro m h o m e ...........................................
112 .3
1 17.5
118.5
113.9
108.8
114.1
119.1
124.2
121.8
120.0
123.7
124.0
1 25.2
1 16 .8
1 14 .5
O w n e rs ’ e q u iv a le n t re n t o f p rim a ry re s id e n c e 3...
192.9
198.7
2 00 .5
2 01 .2
2 01 .8
2 02.4
105.4
2 03 .6
2 04 .2
2 04 .9
2 0 5 .7
2 0 6 .3
2 0 7 .3
208.1
2 0 9 .0
105.4
T e n a n ts ’ a n d h o u s e h o ld in s u ra n c e 1’2....................
1 01.3
103.7
104.2
104.5
104.7
105.0
105.1
106.8
107.0
106.6
1 06.6
1 06 .7
1 06 .9
F u e ls a n d u tilitie s ......................................................
1 28.8
137.9
143.1
142.7
145.3
153.8
152.3
150.8
149.7
151.3
155.7
154.8
1 52.7
1 50 .6
1 44 .6
1 13.5
122.8
128.3
127.7
130.6
139.8
138.0
136.3
135.1
136.8
141.6
140.5
138.0
1 35 .7
129.1
F u el o il a n d o th e r fu e ls ...........................................
91.4
129.7
137.6
140.3
144.9
149.1
144.6
138.1
134.4
131.9
129.6
123.8
122.1
125 .3
1 21 .5
G a s (p ip e d ) a n d e le c tric ity .....................................
1 20.9
128.0
133.6
132.7
135.6
145.7
144.0
142.6
141.6
143.8
149.4
1 35 .9
F u e ls ......................................................................
105.5
148.6
146.0
143.1
H o u s e h o ld fu rn is h in g s a n d o p e ra tio n s ..................
126.7
128.2
128.7
128.9
128.6
128.8
129.1
129.1
129.1
128.9
129.2
129.2
129.1
129 .4
129 .0
A p p a r e l..................................................................................
131 .3
129.6
132.8
131.8
127.8
125.4
128.4
132.2
131.9
129.8
126.3
122.6
1 22.6
1 26 .8
1 29 .5
M e n 's a n d b o y s ' a p p a r e l.............................................
131.1
129.7
130.4
131.3
128.0
125.5
126.6
127.5
128.2
129.1
125.8
122.5
121.4
1 23 .7
1 2 7 .5
W o m e n 's a n d g irls ' a p p a r e l......................................
123.3
121 .5
127.9
124.8
119.7
115.5
121.0
127.8
127.0
122.3
117 .5
111.6
112.1
1 20 .3
122.1
In fa n ts ’ a n d to d d le rs ’ a p p a re l1..................................
129.0
130.6
130.8
130.7
128.2
127.4
129.3
1316.0
131.4
130.6
127.3
124.5
126 .3
129.3
1 31 .5
F o o tw e a r......................................................................
125.7
123.8
125.3
125.4
123.8
121.4
122.6
125.2
124.9
124.4
122.1
121.3
121 .9
1 22 .9
1 24 .9
144.4
153.3
154.4
155.2
154.4
154.4
154.9
153.9
156.1
159.2
158.3
154.4
153 .3
1 55 .5
1 52 .3
1 40.5
149.1
150.4
151.1
150.3
150.3
150.7
149.7
152.1
155.3
154.0
149.9
148.8
151 .2
148.1
T ra n s p o rta tio n ................................................................
P riv a te tra n s p o rta tio n .....................................................
N e w a n d u s e d m o to r v e h ic le s 2.................................
N e w v e h ic le s .......................................................
100.1
100.8
100.8
101.5
102.1
102.3
102.2
101.9
101.8
101.4
101.1
100.8
1 00.5
100 .2
1 00 .6
142.9
142.8
141.6
142.7
143.6
143.7
143.3
142.8
142.7
142.3
141.7
141.2
1 40.3
140 .2
141 .0
152.0
155.8
157.9
159.3
160.2
160.4
160.4
159.9
159.7
159.1
U s e d c a rs a n d t ru c k s 1...............................................
M o to r fu e l.............................................................
158.9
158.3
158.0
157 .3
1 57 .8
100 .7
129.3
133.1
133.0
127.8
126.6
127.5
124.1
133.6
146.8
142.0
125.6
1 21.9
131 .4
1 16 .3
G a s o lin e (all ty p e s ).....................................................
100.1
1 28.6
132.3
132.2
127.0
125.8
126.8
123.3
132.8
146.0
141.3
124.9
121.2
130 .7
1 15 .6
M o to r v e h ic le p a rts a n d e q u ip m e n t.........................
100.5
101.5
101.7
102.5
103.1
103.6
104.0
104.7
104.2
104.4
104.4
105.1
104.9
105 .2
1 05 .5
M o to r ve h ic le m a in te n a n c e a n d re p a ir...................
1 71.9
177.3
179.4
179.9
179.9
180.6
181.5
181.7
181.9
182.5
182.7
183.4
184.0
185.1
186 .0
P u b lic tra n s p o rta tio n ...................................................
197.7
2 0 9 .6
2 08 .0
209.1
2 0 9 .5
2 10 .2
212.1
2 10.0
2 08 .3
2 0 9 .3
2 1 6 .3
216.1
2 1 3 .7
2 1 2 .7
209.1
M e d ic a l c a re .......................................................................
2 5 0 .6
2 6 0 .8
2 63 .7
264.1
2 64 .8
267.1
2 68 .9
2 70 .0
2 70 .8
2 71 .4
2 72 .5
273.1
2 7 4 .4
2 7 5 .0
2 7 5 .9
M e d ic a l c a re c o m m o d itie s .........................................
2 3 0 .7
238.1
2 3 9 .6
2 40 .0
241.1
2 42 .3
2 43 .8
2 44 .9
2 4 5 .7
2 46 .6
248.1
2 4 8 .5
249.1
2 4 9 .6
2 5 0 .2
M e d ic a l c a re s e rv ic e s .................................................
255.1
2 66 .0
2 69 .4
2 69 .8
2 70 .4
2 73 .0
2 7 4 .9
2 75 .9
2 76 .8
2 7 7 .3
2 7 8 .3
2 7 8 .9
2 8 0 .5
2 8 1 .0
2 8 2 .0
P ro fe s s io n a l s e rv ic e s ...................................................
2 2 9 .2
137.7
2 39 .7
2 39 .8
2 40 .3
2 42 .6
244.1
2 4 4 .8
2 45 .6
2 4 5 .8
2 4 6 .5
2 46 .8
2 4 7 .7
2 4 7 .9
2 4 8 .4
H o s p ita l a n d re la te d s e rv ic e s .....................................
2 9 9 .5
3 17 .3
3 23 .6
3 24 .7
3 25 .3
3 28 .5
3 31 .0
3 32 .8
3 33 .6
335.1
3 36 .6
3 37 .9
3 41 .2
3 4 2 .6
3 4 4 .8
102.1
103.3
103.8
103.7
103.7
104.1
104.3
104.3
105.0
105.0
104.8
105.0
105.1
105 .2
1 05 .3
100.7
101.0
101.0
100.9
100.7
101.2
101.6
101.6
101.7
101.6
101.3
101.7
1 01.7
1 0 1 .3
1 01 .3
R e c re a tio n 2.................................................................
V id e o a n d a u d io 1'2......................................................
E d u c a tio n a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n 2.....................................
E d u c a tio n 2...................................................................
101.2
102 .5
103.6
103.2
103.6
103.9
104.0
104.3
104.1
104.0
104.4
104.8
1 05.8
1 06 .6
107.1
107.0
112.5
115.3
115.4
115.5
115.8
116.0
116.1
116.1
116.4
116.9
117.2
119.5
1 21 .7
1 22 .2
E d u c a tio n a l b o o k s a n d s u p p lie s .............................
2 6 1 .7
2 7 9 .9
2 85 .2
2 84 .8
2 85.4
2 89.2
2 90.4
2 9 0 .8
2 9 0 .8
2 9 0 .7
2 93 .9
295.1
2 9 8 .0
3 0 5 .4
3 0 7 .2
T u itio n , o th e r sc h o o l fe e s , a n d c h ild c a re ...........
3 08 .4
3 24 .0
332.1
3 32 .5
3 32 .7
3 33 .3
3 33 .7
3 34 .0
334.1
3 35 .0
3 36 .2
3 37.2
3 4 3 .9
3 5 0 .0
3 5 1 .5
9 6.0
9 3 .6
93.1
92.3
93.0
9 3.3
93.2
9 3.7
9 3.3
9 2.9
93.1
9 3 .6
9 3 .5
93.1
9 3 .6
9 5.5
92.8
9 2.3
91.5
92.2
92.4
92.2
9 2.7
92.3
9 1.8
92.1
9 2 .5
9 2.4
9 2 .0
9 2 .5
100.1
98.5
9 8.3
9 7.5
98.4
98.8
98.7
99.4
99.0
9 8.7
99.0
9 9.6
9 9.6
9 9 .2
9 9 .9
3 0.5
2 5 .9
2 4.7
2 4.2
23.8
2 3.2
22.9
2 2.5
22.1
2 1 .7
2 1.4
2 1 .3
2 0 .7
2 0 .3
2 0 .2
C o m m u n ic a tio n 1,2....................................................
In fo rm a tio n a n d in fo rm a tio n p ro c e s s in g 1,2.........
T e le p h o n e s e rv ic e s 1,2..........................................
In fo rm a tio n a n d in fo rm a tio n p ro ce ssin g
o th e r th a n te le D h o n e s e rv ic e s 1,4................
P e rs o n a l c o m p u te rs a nd p erip h e ra l
e q u ip m e n t1,2.....................................................
5 3 .5
41.1
3 8.3
3 7.3
36.5
35.0
33.9
32.4
3 1.7
3 0.4
2 9.8
2 9 .3
2 7 .8
2 6 .7
2 6 .4
O th e r g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s .................................................
2 5 8 .3
271.1
2 73 .0
2 76 .2
2 74 .0
2 7 5 .9
2 77 .2
2 7 7 .7
2 7 7 .7
2 81 .3
2 8 1 .2
2 8 5 .8
2 8 3 .3
2 8 7 .8
2 8 5 .6
T o b a c c o a n d s m o k in g p ro d u c ts ..................................
3 55 .8
3 9 4 .9
3 96.7
4 11 .0
396 .6
4 0 4 .3
4 08 .5
4 07 .7
4 24 .2
4 18 .7
4 21 .0
4 41 .2
4 2 4 .6
4 4 4 .0
4 2 9 .9
P e rs o n a l c a re 1.............................................................
161.1
165.6
167.0
167.4
167.8
168.2
168.6
169.1
169.6
169.5
170.0
170.7
171.2
1 71 .9
1 72 .3
P e rs o n a l c a re p ro d u c ts 1............................................
1 51.8
153.7
153.4
153.9
155.5
155.3
155.3
155.7
155.8
153.2
154.6
155.1
154.7
1 55 .5
1 55.4
P e rs o n a l c a re s e rv ic e s 1..............................................
171.4
178.1
180.3
180.6
181.3
181.6
181.9
182.2
183.4
184.1
184.1
184.8
185 .2
1 8 5 .5
1 85 .9
S e e fo o tn o te s at e n d o f ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
83
Current Labor Statistics:
28.
Price Data
C ontinued— C onsum er Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers an d for Urban W a g e Earners a n d C lerical Workers: U.S. city
a v e ra g e , by expen diture c a te g o ry an d c o m m o d ity or service group
[1 9 8 2-8 4 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]___________________________________________
Series
M is c e lla n e o u s p e rs o n a l s e rv ic e s ........................
Annual average
1999
2000
2000
Oct.
Nov.
2001
Dec.
2 4 3 .0
2 52 .3
255.1
2 55 .7
C o m m o d itie s ....................................................................
144.4
149.2
150.4
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ..................................................
1 64.6
168.4
169.6
C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ................
1 32.5
137.7
138.9
N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ..............
1 37.5
147.4
149.9
150.2
147.2
A p p a r e l......................................................................
131.3
129.6
132.8
131.8
127.8
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
2 55 .7
2 5 7 .3
2 5 8 .6
150.6
150.0
150.0
150.6
169.5
170.5
171.4
171.8
139.3
137.8
137.4
138.1
138.0
146.4
1 47.7
147.9
151.0
153.5
1 51.3
146.3
144 .8
1 49.6
146 .0
125.4
128.4
132.2
131.9
129.8
126.3
122 .6
122 .6
1 26.8
1 29 .5
2 5 9 .5
2 60 .2
2 61 .0
2 6 1 .8
2 6 3 .2
2 6 5 .5
266 .4
2 6 7 .3
150.7
151.9
1 52.9
172.2
172.4
172.9
152.1
1 50.4
149 .8
1 51.5
1 50 .5
173.4
1 74.0
174.4
1 74.6
139.7
140.8
1 75 .3
139.4
136 .5
135.4
138.0
136.1
C o m m o d ity a n d s e rv ic e g ro u p :
N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d , b e ve ra g e s,
a n d a p p a r e l............................................................
146.0
162.5
164.7
165.7
163.1
163.2
163.7
161.9
167.0
172.0
170.4
164 .5
162.1
1 67.5
160 .4
D u ra b le s .......................................................................
126.0
125.4
125.0
125.5
125.9
125.9
1 25.9
125.5
125.4
124.9
1 24.5
1 24.2
123 .6
123.4
1 23 .6
S e rv ic e s .............................................................................
188.8
195.3
197.6
197.6
198.0
2 0 0 .2
2 01 .0
2 0 1 .8
2 01 .9
2 0 2 .5
2 04 .0
2 0 4 .5
2 0 5 .2
2 0 4 .9
2 0 4 .7
R e n t of s h e lte r3...........................................................
T ra n s p o ra ta tio n s e rv ic e s .........................................
195.0
2 01 .3
2 03 .3
2 03 .2
203.1
2 0 4 .5
2 0 5 .7
2 07 .2
207 .4
2 07 .8
2 09 .0
2 0 9 .7
2 1 0 .8
2 1 0 .3
2 1 0 .8
190 .7
196.1
197.0
198.0
198.3
199.1
2 0 0 .3
2 00 .2
200.1
2 00 .4
2 02 .0
2 0 2 .6
2 0 2 .7
2 0 2 .8
2 0 3 .4
O th e r s e rv ic e s .............................................................
223.1
2 29 .9
2 3 2 .6
2 32.4
2 33 .0
234.1
2 3 4 .8
2 35 .4
2 36 .2
2 36 .4
2 3 6 .7
2 3 7 .7
2 39 .4
2 4 0 .6
2 4 1 .4
178 .2
S p e c ia l in d e x e s :
A ll ite m s le s s fo o d ......................................................
.167.0
173.0
174.9
175.0
174.7
175 .9
176.6
177.1
177.8
178.6
179.0
178.2
178 .2
179.0
A ll ite m s le s s s h e lte r..................................................
160.2
165.7
167.5
167.7
167.5
168 .6
169.1
169.2
170.1
170.9
171.0
170 .0
169 .7
170.9
169 .9
A ll Ite m s le s s m e d ic a l c a re ......................................
162.0
167.3
169.1
169.2
169.0
170.1
170.8
171.2
171.8
172.6
172.9
172 .3
1 72 .3
173.0
172.4
C o m m o d itie s le ss fo o d .............................................
134.0
139.2
140.4
140.8
139.3
139.0
139.7
139.6
141.2
142.4
141.0
138 .2
137.2
1 39.7
137 .8
N o n d u ra b le s le ss fo o d ..............................................
139.4
149.1
151.6
151.8
149.0
148.3
149.6
149.8
152.8
155.1
153.1
1 48 .3
1 46.9
1 51.5
148.1
N o n d u ra b le s le ss fo o d a n d a p p a re l.....................
147 .5
162.9
165.1
166.0
163.6
163.9
164.3
162.7
167.4
172.0
170.6
165 .2
163.0
168.0
161 .5
N o n d u ra b le s .................................................................
151.2
158.2
160.1
160.2
159.1
159.1
1 60..0
160.3
162.0
163.6
162.7
160 .3
1 59.7
1 62.3
160 .8
2 1 3 .0
195.8
2 02 .9
2 05 .8
2 05 .9
2 0 6 .9
2 10 .0
2 1 0 .5
2 10 .6
2 1 0 .6
2 11 .4
2 13 .3
2 1 3 .7
2 1 4 .0
2 1 3 .9
S e rv ic e s le s s m e d ic a l c a re s e rv ic e s ....................
182.7
188.9
191.1
191.1
191.5
193 .6
194.3
195.1
195.2
195.7
197.2
197 .8
198.4
198.1
197 .8
E n e rg y ............................................................................
106.6
124.6
129.3
129.0
128.1
132 .5
132.0
129 .5
133.1
140.1
140.5
132 .4
129.4
1 32.5
122.1
A ll ite m s le s s e n e rg y .................................................
174.4
178.6
180.1
180.3
180.2
181.0
181.8
182.6
182.9
182.9
183.3
183.6
184.1
1 84.5
185.1
A ll ite m s le s s fo o d a n d e n e rg y .............................
177.0
181.3
182.8
183.0
182.8
183.5
184.4
185.3
185.6
185.5
185 .9
186.2
1 86.6
187.1
1 87 .6
C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d a n d e n e rg y .................
144.1
144.9
145.6
146.0
145.1
144.8
145 .9
146.2
146.6
145.7
144 .9
144.4
1 43.8
145.2
1 45 .6
E n e rg y c o m m o d itie s ..........................................
100.0
129.5
133.6
133.8
129.3
128.6
129.1
125.4
133.8
145.6
141.1
1 25.6
122.0
131.0
1 16 .9
S e rv ic e s le s s e n e rg y ............................................
195 .7
202.1
204.1
2 04 .2
2 04.4
2 0 5 .7
2 0 6 .8
2 0 7 .7
2 08 .0
2 08 .4
2 09 .4
210.1
2 11 .2
2 1 1 .2
2 1 1 .7
S e rv ic e s le s s re n t o f s h e lte r3.................................
C O N S U M E R P R IC E IN D E X F O R U R B A N
W A G E E A R N E R S A N D C L E R IC A L W O R K E R S
A ll ite m s ...............................................................................
163.2
168.9
170.6
170.9
170.7
1 71.7
172.4
172.6
173.5
174.4
174.6
1 73 .8
173 .8
174 .8
1 74.0
A ll ite m s (1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 ).....................................................
4 86 .2
503.1
508 .2
5 09 .0
5 08 .5
5 11 .6
5 13 .4
514 .2
5 16 .7
519 .4
520 .0
5 1 7 .8
5 1 7 .6
5 2 0 .6
5 1 8 .3
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ......................................................
163.8
167.7
169.0
168.8
169.8
170.8
171.2
171.6
171.9
172.3
172.8
173.4
173 .8
174.0
1 74 .8
163.4
167.2
168.5
168.3
169.3
170.3
1 70.8
171.1
171.4
171.9
172.4
173.0
173.4
173 .5
1 74 .3
163.0
166.8
168.1
167.8
169.1
170.3
1 70.8
171.1
171.3
171.8
172.4
173.0
173 .3
173.4
1 74 .3
184.7
188.0
189.9
188.6
190.4
190.9
1 91.7
191.7
192.2
192.9
193.9
1 94.5
195 .6
194.8
195.1
1 47.6
154.1
156.4
155.3
156.3
157.9
159.2
160.0
160.7
160.6
161.4
162.1
162.0
162.3
1 63.2
F o o d at h o m e ................................................................
159.4
160.5
161.9
161.4
161.5
163.8
1 63.5
163.1
163.5
164.7
166.9
1 68.3
168 .9
169.4
1 70 .8
2 0 1 .8
2 03 .4
2 04 .7
2 0 5 .8
2 13 .3
2 1 0 .9
210.1
2 0 9 .8
2 11 .7
2 1 1 .5
2 1 0 .5
2 0 9 .5
2 0 8 .0
2 1 1 .0
2 1 2 .2
m a te ria ls ...................................................................
133.2
136.9
136.6
137.1
135.8
1 38.7
139.3
138.8
138.2
137.2
137.8
138.0
139 .3
138.4
1 39.2
O th e r fo o d s a t h o m e ...............................................
1 52.8
155.1
155.3
155.4
155.8
1 57.3
157.3
158.2
157.1
159.1
159.1
1 60.0
1 60 .5
159.8
160.4
S u g a r a n d s w e e ts ...................................................
1 52.2
153.9
153.8
152.7
153.3
155.4
155.6
155.6
153.7
155.8
155.5
156.0
156.1
156.2
156 .2
F a ts a n d o ils .............................................................
1 47.9
147.2
149.4
146.3
149.9
152.8
152.4
153.0
151.4
154.3
156.4
157.4
158 .0
158.1
159.1
F ru its a n d v e g e ta b le s ..............................................
N o n a lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s a n d b e ve ra g e
168.8
172.3
172.0
173.4
173.0
174.0
174.1
175.4
174.6
176.5
176.0
1 77.2
1 77.9
1 76.5
177 .3
O th e r m is c e lla n e o u s fo o d s 1,2..........................
104.6
107.1
106.3
109.6
108.6
108.5
108 .5
108.5
108.4
108.7
108.0
109.9
1 09.7
109.2
1 09 .5
F o o d a w a y fro m h o m e 1...............................................
1 75 .6
O th e r fo o d s ..............................................................
165.0
169.0
170.3
170.5
170.8
171.4
171 .8
172.3
172.7
173.1
173.5
174.0
1 74.7
175.0
O th e r fo o d a w a v fro m h o m e 1,2...........................
105.1
109.2
110.9
111.2
111.4
111 .5
111 .6
111.8
112.0
112.5
112.8
114.0
114.4
1 15.6
1 15 .7
A lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s ....................................................
168.8
173 .8
174.8
175.6
175.8
176.5
177.0
177.2
177.6
178.0
178.4
179.2
1 79.7
180.1
1 80 .5
H o u s in g ...............................................................................
160.0
165.4
167.5
167.6
168.1
170.2
170 .5
171.0
171.0
171.7
173.0
173 .3
1 73.5
173.2
1 72 .5
S h e lte r.............................................................................
181.6
187.4
189.3
189.5
189.6
190.6
191.5
192.6
192.9
193.5
194.4
195.0
1 95.9
196.0
1 96 .6
R e n t o f p rim a ry re s id e n c e ......................................
177.1
183.4
185.6
186.2
187.0
187.7
188.3
189.0
189.6
190.4
191.0
1 91 .7
192.4
193.3
194 .0
L o d q in q a w a y fro m h o m e 2.....................................
122.2
117.3
118.6
113.9
108.7
113 .8
118.5
123.8
121.2
119.9
123.2
123 .7
1 24.4
116.8
1 14 .8
O w n e rs ’ e q u iv a le n t re n t o f p rim a ry re s id e n c e 3
175 .7
180.8
182.4
183.0
183.5
184.1
184.5
185.2
185.7
186.3
187.0
187 .5
188.5
189.2
190 .0
101 .6
103.9
104.4
104.7
104.9
105.2
105.3
105.6
105.8
106.9
107.2
106 .7
106.8
106.8
107 .0
F u e ls a n d u tilitie s .....................................................
128 .7
137.4
142.5
142.0
144.6
153.2
151.5
149.9
148.8
150.8
155.2
154.4
152.2
150.1
144 .0
F u e ls ...........................................................................
113.0
121.8
127.2
126.5
129.3
138 .6
136.6
134.8
133.6
135.7
140.5
139 .5
1 37.0
134.7
127 .9
F u el oil a n d o th e r fu e ls .......................................
9 1.7
128.8
136.7
139.3
144.1
150.1
145.0
138.0
133.9
131 .5
129.2
123.1
1 21.5
125.3
121.4
G a s (p ip e d ) a n d e le c tric ity ................................
120.4
127.5
133.0
132.1
134.8
144 .8
143/0
141.5
140.4
142.9
148.5
147 .8
145.2
142.2
135 .0
H o u s e h o ld fu rn is h in g s a n d o p e ra tio n s ..............
124 .7
125.5
125.8
126.0
125.6
125 .7
125.9
125.9
126.0
125.7
125.9
1 25.8
1 25.7
126.0
125 .5
A p p a r e l..............................................................................
130.1
128.3
131.3
130.5
126.6
124.1
127.0
130.6
130.5
128.5
125.2
1 21.9
1 21.6
125 .6
1 28 .3
M e n 's a n d b o y s ’ a p p a r e l........................................
131 .2
129.7
130.3
131.3
128.0
125.8
1 26.9
127.6
128.3
129.2
126.3
1 22.9
1 21.6
123.7
1 27 .3
W o m e n 's a n d g irls' a p p a re l...................................
121.3
119.3
125.5
122.6
117.5
113.2
118.4
125.2
124.7
120.2
115.6
110.2
110.1
118 .3
120 .2
In fa n ts ’ a n d to d d le r s ’ a o c a re l1.............................
1 30.3
132.3
132.6
132.7
130.0
129.0
131.0
133.3
133.2
132.0
128.6
126.2
1 28.3
131.1
1 33 .5
126.2
124.2
125.5
121.5
122.1
T ra n s p o rta tio n .................................................................
N e w a n d u s e d m o to r v e h ic le s 2............................
125.7
124.0
122.4
125.2
125.2
124.5
121.4
1 22.0
123.0
1 24 .9
143.4
152.8
154.0
154.9
153.9
154.0
154.5
153.3
155.8
159.2
157.9
153.4
1 52 .5
155.1
151 .4
1 40.7
150.1
151.3
152.2
151.2
151.2
1 51.7
150.5
153.2
156.6
155.1
150.4
1 49.5
152.3
1 48 .6
100.4
101.4
101.4
102.2
102.8
102.9
102.8
102.5
102.4
102.0
101.7
101.4
101.0
100.7
101.1
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
84 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
28.
C o n tin u ed — C o nsu m er Price In d exes for All Urban Consum ers a n d for Urban W a g e Earners a n d C le ric a l Workers: U.S. city
a v e ra g e , b y e x p e n d itu re c a te g o ry a n d c o m m o d ity or service group
[1 9 8 2 -8 4 = 100, unless o th e rw ise indicated]
S6MGS
Annual average
1999
2000
2000
Oct.
Nov.
2001
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
N e w v e h ic le s ..............................................................
1 44.0
1 43 .9
142 .7
143 .7
144 .6
144 .8
1 44 .5
1 43 .8
1 43 .8
1 43.4
1 42 .7
1 42 .3
1 41 .4
1 4 1 .3
U s e d c a rs a n d t r u c k s 1...........................................
1 53.3
157.1
1 59 .3
160 .7
161 .6
161 .7
161 .7
161.1
1 60 .9
160 .2
1 60 .0
1 59 .3
1 59 .0
1 58 .2
1 5 8 .7
M o to r fu e l......................................................................
100.8
129 .5
133.1
133.2
127 .7
126 .9
127 .8
124.1
134.0
1 47 .4
142.1
1 24 .9
1 22.0
1 3 2 .4
1 16 .2
1 1 5 .5
142.1
G a s o lin e (a ll ty p e s ) .................................................
100.2
128 .8
132 .3
1 32 .4
126 .9
1 26.2
127.1
1 23 .4
1 33 .3
1 46 .7
141.1
124 .2
1 21.3
1 31 .7
M o to r v e h ic le p a r ts a n d e q u ip m e n t.....................
100.0
100 .9
101 .0
101.8
1 02 .3
103.0
1 03 .4
104 .0
103 .5
1 03 .6
1 03 .6
1 04 .3
104.1
1 0 4 .4
1 0 4 .7
M o to r v e h ic le m a in te n a n c e a n d re p a ir...............
1 73.3
1 78 .8
180 .9
181 .4
1 81 .5
182.1
183.1
183 .3
1 83 .4
184.1
1 8 4 .4
1 85.0
1 85.6
1 8 6 .7
1 8 7 .5
P u b lic tra n s p o rta tio n ...................................................
193.1
2 0 3 .4
2 0 2 .4
2 0 3 .2
2 0 3 .7
2 0 4 .3
2 0 5 .8
2 0 4 .2
2 0 2 .7
2 0 3 .5
2 0 9 .5
2 0 9 .5
2 0 7 .7
2 0 7 .0
2 0 3 .7
M e d ic a l c a r e .......................................................................
2 4 9 .7
2 5 9 .9
2 6 2 .8
263.1
2 6 3 .8
2 6 6 .3
268.1
269.1
2 6 9 .9
2 7 0 .4
2 7 1 .5
2 7 2 .0
2 7 3 .4
2 7 3 .9
2 7 4 .9
2 4 5 .2
M e d ic a l c a re c o m m o d itie s .........................................
2 2 6 .8
2 3 3 .6
2 3 5 .2
2 3 5 .5
2 3 6 .5
2 3 7 .8
239.1
2 4 0 .2
2 4 1 .0
2 4 1 .7
2 4 3 .2
2 4 3 .6
244.1
2 4 4 .6
M e d ic a l c a re s e rv ic e s ..................................................
2 5 4 .9
2 6 5 .9
2 6 9 .2
2 6 9 .4
270.1
2 7 2 .8
2 7 4 .7
2 7 5 .7
2 7 6 .5
2 7 7 .0
2 7 8 .0
2 7 8 .5
2 8 0 .2
2 8 0 .7
2 8 1 .7
P ro fe s s io n a l s e rv ic e s ................................................
2 3 0 .8
2 3 9 .6
2 4 1 .8
2 4 1 .7
2 4 2 .3
2 4 4 .9
2 4 6 .4
2 4 7 .0
2 4 7 .8
2 4 8 .0
2 4 8 .7
2 4 9 .0
2 4 9 .9
250 .1
2 5 0 .5
H o s p ita l a n d re la te d s e rv ic e s ................................
2 9 5 .5
3 1 3 .2
3 1 9 .2
3 2 0 .3
3 2 0 .9
3 23 .9
3 2 6 .6
3 2 8 .3
329.1
3 3 0 .6
3 3 2 .0
3 3 3 .5
3 3 7 .0
3 3 8 .3
3 4 0 .5
101 .3
1 02 .4
1 02.8
102.7
1 02.6
103.0
103.1
1 03.0
1 03.7
1 03.7
1 03 .5
1 03.7
1 03 .9
1 0 3 .8
1 0 3 .8
V id e o a n d a u d io 1,2......................................................
100 .5
1 00.7
1 00.7
1 00.6
1 00.3
1 00.8
1 01.2
1 01 .0
1 01.2
101.1
1 00 .7
101.1
1 01 .0
1 00 .6
1 0 0 .6
E d u c a tio n a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n 2.................................
101 .5
1 02 .7
1 03 .7
1 03.2
1 03.7
1 04.0
104.1
1 04 .4
1 04.2
104.1
1 04 .5
1 04 .9
1 05 .8
1 0 6 .5
107.1
E d u c a tio n 2......................................................................
1 07.2
1 12 .8
1 15 .4
1 15.6
1 15.7
1 16.0
1 16 .2
1 16.3
1 16 .4
1 16 .7
1 17.2
117.6
1 19.6
121 .7
1 2 2 .3
E d u c a tio n a l b o o k s a n d s u p p lie s .........................
264.1
2 8 3 .3
2 8 9 .0
2 8 8 .6
2 8 9 .2
2 9 2 .9
294.1
2 9 4 .7
2 9 4 .7
2 9 4 .5
2 9 8 .2
2 9 9 .3
3 0 2 .2
3 0 9 .8
3 1 1 .7
T u itio n , o th e r s c h o o l fe e s , a n d c h ild c a re .......
3 0 2 .8
3 1 8 .2
3 2 5 .7
3 2 6 .3
3 2 6 .5
3 2 7 .0
3 2 7 .4
3 2 7 .9
3 2 8 .2
329.1
3 3 0 .3
3 3 1 .3
3 3 7 .3
3 4 2 .9
3 4 4 .4
9 6 .9
9 4 .6
9 4 .2
9 3 .3
94.1
94.4
9 4 .4
9 4 .8
9 4 .4
9 4 .0
9 4 .3
9 4 .8
9 4 .7
9 4 .3
9 4 .9
In fo rm a tio n a n d in fo rm a tio n p ro c e s s in g 1,2.....
9 6 .5
94.1
9 3 .8
9 2 .8
9 3 .6
9 3.8
9 3 .7
94.1
9 3 .8
9 3 .4
9 3 .6
9 4 .0
9 4 .0
9 3 .6
9 4 .2
T e le p h o n e s e rv ic e s 1,2........................................
1 00.2
9 8 .7
9 8 .6
9 7 .6
9 8 .6
9 9.0
9 8 .9
9 9 .5
9 9.2
9 8 .8
9 9 .2
9 9 .7
9 9 .8
9 9 .4
100.1
3 1 .6
2 6 .8
2 5 .5
25.1
2 4 .6
2 4.0
2 3 .8
2 3 .3
2 2 .8
2 2 .4
2 2 .2
2 2 .0
2 1 .5
2 1 .2
2 1 .0
In fo rm a tio n a n d In fo rm a tio n p ro c e s s in g
o th e r th a n te le o h o n e s e rv ic e s 1,4.................
P e rs o n a l c o m p u te rs a n d p e rip h e ra l
e q u ip m e n t1,2.................................................
53.1
4 0 .5
3 7 .8
3 6 .7
3 5 .9
3 4.3
3 3 .4
3 1 .8
31.1
2 9 .9
2 9 .4
2 8 .7
2 7 .4
2 6 .6
26.1
O th e r g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s ..............................................
2 6 1 .9
2 7 6 .5
2 7 8 .2
2 8 2 .3
2 7 9 .2
2 8 1 .5
2 8 3 .2
2 8 3 .5
2 8 8 .2
2 8 6 .8
2 8 7 .9
2 9 3 .8
2 9 0 .0
2 9 5 .5
2 9 2 .4
T o b a c c o a n d s m o k in g p ro d u c ts ..............................
3 5 6 .2
3 9 5 .2
3 9 7 .0
4 1 1 .3
3 9 6 .9
4 0 4 .6
4 0 9 .2
4 0 8 .5
4 2 4 .8
4 1 9 .8
4 2 1 .6
4 4 1 .9
4 2 5 .6
4 4 4 .7
4 3 0 .9
P e rs o n a l c a re 1................................................................
161 .3
1 65 .5
166 .8
167.1
1 67 .7
168.1
1 68 .5
169 .0
1 69 .4
169 .3
1 6 9 .9
1 70.6
170 .9
1 7 1 .4
1 7 1 .9
P e rs o n a l c a re p ro d u c ts 1.........................................
152 .5
1 54.2
1 53 .9
1 54.2
1 55 .8
1 55.7
1 55 .7
155 .9
156 .0
153 .8
1 5 5 .4
1 55 .9
1 55 .5
156.1
156.1
P e rs o n a l c a re s e rv ic e s 1..........................................
1 71 .7
1 78.6
180 .8
181.1
181 .7
182.1
1 82 .4
1 82 .8
183 .9
184 .7
1 84 .8
1 85.4
1 85 .9
186.1
1 8 6 .5
M is c e lla n e o u s p e rs o n a l s e rv ic e s .........................
243.1
2 5 1 .9
2 5 4 .5
255.1
2 5 5 .3
2 5 7 .0
2 5 8 .4
2 5 8 ,3
2 6 0 .0
2 6 0 .7
2 6 1 .6
2 6 3 .2
2 6 4 .9
2 6 5 .6
2 6 6 .8
C o m m o d itie s ......................................................................
1 44 .7
1 49.8
1 51 .0
1 51 .4
1 50.6
1 50.8
1 51 .4
1 51 .4
1 52 .8
153 .9
1 53 .0
1 51.2
1 50 .5
1 5 2 .5
1 51 .2
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ...................................................
163 .8
1 67.7
1 69 .0
1 68.8
1 69.8
1 70.8
1 71.2
1 71.6
1 71 .9
1 72 .3
1 72 .8
1 73 .4
1 73.8
1 7 4 .0
1 7 4 .8
C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ................
1 33.2
1 39 .0
1 40.2
1 40.8
139.1
1 38.8
1 39 .5
1 39 .3
1 41.2
1 42 .6
141.1
1 38 .0
1 36 .9
1 3 9 .8
1 3 7 .4
N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d a n d b e v e ra g e s ..............
138.1
149.1
1 51 .6
152.1
1 48.6
148.1
1 49 .4
1 49.3
153.1
1 56.2
1 5 3 .6
1 48.2
1 46 .5
1 5 2 .0
1 4 7 .4
A p p a r e l.......................................................................
130.1
1 28 .3
1 31.3
1 30.5
1 26.6
124.1
1 27 .0
1 30.6
1 30.5
1 28.5
1 25 .2
1 21 .9
1 21 .6
1 2 5 .6
1 2 8 .3
C o m m o d ity a n d s e rv ic e g ro u p :
N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d , b e v e ra g e s ,
a n d a p p a r e l.............................................................
1 47.2
1 65 .3
1 67.6
1 68 .8
1 65 .5
166 .0
1 66 .5
1 64 .4
1 70.5
1 76.3
174.1
1 67 .3
1 64.8
1 7 1 .4
1 6 2 .7
D u ra b le s .........................................................................
1 26.0
1 25 .8
1 25 .6
126.2
1 26 .6
126.6
1 26 .6
126.2
1 26.0
1 25.5
1 25 .2
1 24 .8
1 24 .3
124.1
1 2 4 .3
S e r v ic e s ...............................................................................
1 85 .3
1 91 .6
1 93 .9
1 94 .0
194 .5
196 .6
197 .2
1 97 .8
1 98 .0
1 98 .7
2 00.1
2 0 0 .6
2 0 1 .2
201 .1
2 0 1 .0
R e n t o f s h e lte r3............................................................
T r a n s p o r t a tio n s e r v ic e s ..........................................
1 74 .9
1 80 .5
1 82 .3
182 .5
182 .6
183 .6
1 84 .4
1 85 .5
1 85 .8
1 86.3
1 87.2
1 87 .8
1 88.7
1 8 8 .7
1 89 .3
1 87.9
1 92 .9
193 .9
195 .0
195 .2
196 .0
1 97 .2
197 .2
197 .2
1 97 .6
1 98 .9
1 99 .5
1 99.8
200 .1
2 0 0 .9
O th e r s e rv ic e s ...............................................................
2 1 9 .6
2 2 5 .9
2 2 8 .4
228.1
2 2 8 .9
2 2 9 .9
2 3 0 .6
2 3 1 .2
2 3 1 .9
2 3 2 .2
2 3 2 .6
2 3 3 .6
235.1
2 3 5 .9
2 3 6 .8
A ll ite m s le s s fo o d ........................................................
163.1
169.1
170 .9
171 .3
170 .9
1 71 .9
1 72 .5
172 .8
173 .8
174 .7
1 7 4 .9
1 73 .9
1 73 .7
1 74 .9
173 .8
A ll ite m s le s s s h e lte r...................................................
158.1
1 63 .8
165 .5
165 .7
165 .5
1 66.5
1 67 .0
1 67 .0
168 .0
169.1
1 69 .0
1 67 .8
1 67 .5
1 6 8 .8
1 67 .6
S p e c ia l in d e x e s :
A ll ite m s le s s m e d ic a l c a r e .......................................
159.2
1 64 .7
166 .4
166.6
1 66 .4
167 .4
1 68 .0
168.2
169.1
170 .0
1 70 .2
1 69 .4
1 69.3
1 7 0 .3
1 69 .5
C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d ..............................................
1 34.6
1 40 .4
141 .6
1 42.2
1 40.6
1 40.3
1 41 .0
1 40 .8
142 .7
144.1
1 42 .6
1 39 .6
1 38 .5
1 41 .3
1 3 9 .0
N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d ...............................................
1 40.0
1 50 .7
153.1
1 53.6
1 50 .3
1 49.9
151.1
151.1
1 54 .7
1 57 .6
1 55 .3
150.1
1 48 .5
1 53 .8
1 4 9 .4
N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d a n d a p p a re l......................
1 48.4
1 65 .4
1 67.7
1 68.8
1 65.8
1 66.3
1 66 .8
1 64.9
1 70 .5
1 75 .9
1 7 3 .9
1 67 .7
1 6 5 .4
1 7 1 .5
1 6 3 .5
1 6 1 .5
N o n d u ra b le s ..................................................................
1 51.3
1 58 .9
160.8
1 61.0
1 59.7
1 59.9
1 60 .8
1 60.9
1 63.0
164.8
1 63 .8
1 61.2
1 60 .5
1 6 3 .5
S e rv ic e s le s s re n t o f s h e lte r3...................................
174.1
180.1
182.7
1 82.8
1 83.7
1 86.6
1 86.9
1 87.0
1 87.0
1 87 .8
1 89 .6
1 89 .9
190.1
1 8 9 .9
1 89 .0
S e r v ic e s le s s m e d ic a l c a re s e rv ic e s .....................
1 79 .5
1 8 5 .4
1 87.6
1 87.7
1 88.3
1 90.3
1 90 .8
1 91 .4
1 91.6
1 92.3
1 93 .6
194 .2
1 94 .7
1 9 4 .6
1 9 4 .4
E n e rg y ..............................................................................
106.1
1 24 .8
1 29.3
1 29.0
1 27 .6
1 31 .8
1 31 .3
1 28.6
1 32.9
1 40.6
1 40 .3
1 31 .3
1 28 .6
1 3 2 .6
1 21 .2
A ll ite m s le s s e n e rg y ...................................................
171.1
175.1
1 76.5
1 76.8
1 76 .8
1 77 .4
1 78.2
1 78.8
179.2
1 79.2
1 79 .5
179 .8
180.1
1 8 0 .7
1 8 1 .3
A ll ite m s le s s fo o d a n d e n e rg y ..............................
173.1
177.1
1 78.6
1 79.0
1 78.7
1 79.3
180.1
1 80.9
1 81.3
181.2
1 8 1 .4
1 81 .7
1 81.9
182 .6
1 8 3 .2
C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d a n d e n e rg y .................
144 .3
1 45 .4
146.1
1 46 .7
1 45.8
1 45.5
1 46.2
1 46 .8
1 47 .3
1 46 .4
1 45 .6
1 45 .4
1 44.6
1 4 6 .0
1 4 6 .3
E n e rg y c o m m o d itie s ............................................
100 .3
1 29 .7
1 33.5
1 33.8
1 28.9
1 28.5
129.1
125.1
134.2
1 46.6
1 41 .5
125 .0
122.1
132.1
1 1 6 .7
S e rv ic e s le s s e n e rg y ..............................................
192 .6
1 98 .7
2 0 0 .6
2 0 0 .8
201.1
2 0 2 .2
203.1
2 0 4 .0
2 0 4 .4
2 0 4 .8
2 0 5 .7
2 0 6 .3
2 0 7 .3
2 0 7 .6
2 0 8 .3
1 N o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .
2 In d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 7 = 1 00 base.
3 In d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 2 = 1 00 b ase .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
In d e x e s on a D e c e m b e r 198 8 = 1 00 b ase .
D ash in d ic a te s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le .
NOTE: In d e x a p p lie d to a m o n th a s a w h o le , n o t to a n y s p e c ific d a te .
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
85
Current Labor Statistics:
29.
Price Data
C o n s u m e r Price In d e x : U.S. c ity a v e r a g e a n d a v a ila b le lo c a l a r e a d a ta : all item s
[1 9 8 2 -8 4 = 100, u n le ss o th e rw is e ind ica te d]
Area
All Urban Consumers
2001
2000
Sept.
U .S . c ity a v e r a g e ............................................................................
1 7 3 .7
Oct.
June
1 7 4 .0
1 7 8 .0
July
Aug.
1 7 7 .5
Urban Wage Earners
2000
Sept.
Oct.
Sept.
1 7 7 .5
1 7 8 .3
1 7 7 .7
2001
Oct.
1 7 0 .4
June
1 7 0 .6
1 7 4 .6
July
Aug.
1 7 3 .8
Sept.
1 7 3 .8
Oct.
1 7 4 .8
1 7 4 .0
Region and area size2
N o r th e a s t u r b a n ......................................................................................
1 8 0 .7
1 8 1 .2
1 8 5 .3
1 8 5 .0
185.1
185.1
1 8 5 .0
1 7 7 .6
1 7 8 .0
182.1
1 8 1 .8
1 8 1 .7
1 8 1 .9
1 8 1 .8
S iz e A — M o re th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ......................................................
1 8 1 .7
182.1
1 8 6 .4
1 8 6 .2
1 8 6 .5
1 8 6 .5
1 8 6 .3
1 7 7 .7
1 7 8 .0
1 8 2 .3
182.1
1 8 2 .2
1 8 2 .4
1 8 2 .0
S iz e B /C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 3................................................
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .8
1 1 1 .0
1 1 0 .7
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .4
1 1 0 .6
1 0 7 .9
1 0 8 .4
1 1 0 .5
110.1
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .2
M id w e s t u r b a n 4.......................................................................................
1 7 0 .0
170.1
1 7 3 .8
1 7 2 .5
1 7 3 .0
1 7 4 .6
1 7 2 .6
1 6 6 .4
1 6 6 .4
170.1
1 6 8 ,4
1 6 8 .9
1 7 0 .8
1 6 8 .4
S iz e A — M o re th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .....................................................
1 7 1 .5
1 7 1 .5
1 7 5 .3
1 7 4 .3
1 7 4 .8
176.1
1 7 4 .5
1 6 7 .0
1 6 6 .9
1 7 0 .5
1 6 9 .3
1 6 9 .8
1 7 1 .3
1 6 9 .4
S iz e B /C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ................................................
1 0 8 .6
1 0 8 .8
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .0
1 1 0 .3
1 1 1 .6
1 1 1 .0
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .7
1 1 1 .4
1 0 9 .8
110.1
1 1 1 .8
1 0 9 .7
S iz e D — N o n m e tro p o lita n (le s s th a n 5 0 ,0 0 0 ).......................
1 6 4 .9
1 6 4 .5
1 6 4 .9
1 6 7 .5
166.1
1 6 6 .8
1 6 8 .8
1 6 6 .9
1 6 3 .0
1 6 3 .4
1 6 5 .8
1 6 4 .2
1 6 4 .9
167.1
S o u th u r b a n ..............................................................................................
1 6 8 .5
1 6 8 .5
1 7 2 .2
1 7 1 .6
1 7 1 .5
1 7 2 .2
1 7 1 .7
1 6 6 .8
1 6 6 .8
1 7 0 .3
1 6 9 .7
1 6 9 .4
1 7 0 .3
1 6 9 .8
S iz e A — M o re th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ......................................................
1 6 8 .4
1 6 8 .6
1 7 2 .7
1 7 2 .5
1 7 2 .3
1 7 3 .2
173.1
166.1
1 6 6 .3
1 7 0 .5
1 7 0 .3
1 6 9 .8
1 7 0 .9
1 7 0 .7
S iz e B /C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 s ................................................
108.1
108.1
1 1 0 .3
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 0 9 .7
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .0
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .3
1 1 0 .0
1 0 9 .4
S iz e D — N o n m e tro p o lita n (le s s th a n 5 0 ,0 0 0 ).......................
1 6 8 .2
1 6 7 .6
1 7 1 .4
170.1
170.1
1 6 9 .7
1 6 9 .9
1 69 .2
1 6 8 .8
1 7 2 .3
1 7 0 .8
1 7 0 .7
1 7 0 .8
1 7 0 .8
W e s t u r b a n ...............................................................................................
1 7 6 .6
1 7 7 .2
1 8 2 .0
1 8 2 .0
1 8 1 .9
1 8 2 .5
1 8 2 .5
172.1
1 7 2 .7
1 7 7 .3
1 7 7 .2
1 7 6 .9
1 7 7 .6
1 7 7 .8
S iz e A — M o re th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ......................................................
1 7 8 .4
1 7 9 .0
1 8 4 .4
1 84 .2
184.1
1 8 4 .7
1 8 4 .6
172.1
1 7 2 .7
1 7 7 .9
1 7 7 .8
1 7 7 .4
178.1
1 7 8 .0
S iz e B /C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 s ................................................
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .0
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .7
112.1
1 0 8 .6
1 0 8 .9
1 1 0 .9
1 1 1 .0
1 1 0 .8
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .8
A 5..............................................................................................................
1 5 7 .8
158.1
162.1
1 6 1 .8
1 6 1 .9
1 6 2 .5
1 6 2 .0
1 5 6 .4
1 5 6 .6
1 6 0 .6
1 6 0 .2
160.1
1 6 0 .9
1 6 0 .3
B /C 3.........................................................................................................
D ...............................................................................................................
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .5
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .3
1 1 0 .2
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .3
1 0 8 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 1 0 .6
1 0 9 .9
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .6
1 1 0 .0
1 6 8 .7
1 6 8 .7
172.1
1 7 1 .0
1 7 1 .2
1 7 2 .0
1 7 1 .5
1 6 7 .9
168.1
1 7 1 .2
1 6 9 .8
1 7 0 .0
171.1
1 7 0 .4
S iz e c la s s e s :
Selected local areas6
C h ic a g o - G a r y - K e n o s h a , I L - I N - W I ..............................................
1 7 4 .8
1 7 5 .4
1 7 9 .2
1 7 7 .7
178.1
1 7 9 .7
178.1
1 6 9 .2
1 6 9 .8
1 7 3 .4
1 7 1 .7
1 7 2 .0
1 7 3 .7
1 7 1 .9
L o s A n g e le s - R iv e r s id e - O r a n g e C o u n ty , C A ............................
1 7 3 .3
1 7 3 .8
1 7 8 .9
1 7 8 .3
1 7 8 .4
1 7 8 .8
1 7 8 .3
1 6 6 .3
1 6 6 .9
1 7 1 .9
1 7 1 .3
171.1
1 7 1 .5
1 7 1 .0
N e w Y o rk , N Y - N o r th e r n N J - L o n g Is la n d , N Y - N J - C T - P A . .
1 8 4 .4
1 8 4 .6
1 8 8 .3
1 8 7 .8
188.1
1 8 8 .0
1 8 7 .8
1 7 9 .9
1 8 0 .2
1 8 3 .8
1 8 3 .5
1 8 3 .5
1 8 3 .6
1 8 3 .3
B o s t o n - B r o c k t o n - N a s h u a , M A - N H - M E - C T ............................
1 8 4 .3
-
-
192.1
-
1 9 2 .7
-
1 8 3 .2
-
-
1 9 1 .3
_
1 9 2 .0
_
C le v e la n d - A k r o n , O H ...........................................................................
1 7 0 .5
-
-
1 7 3 .4
-
1 7 4 .6
-
1 6 2 .8
-
-
1 6 4 .9
-
1 6 6 .5
_
D a lla s - F t W o rth , T X .............................................................................
1 6 6 .9
-
-
1 7 1 .5
-
1 7 2 .8
-
1 6 6 .8
-
-
1 7 1 .6
-
1 7 2 .6
-
W a s h in a to n - B a ltim o r e , D C - M D - V A - W V 7 ................................
1 0 8 .7
-
-
1 1 0 .8
-
1 1 1 .7
-
1 0 8 .7
-
-
1 1 0 .6
-
1 1 1 .6
-
A tla n ta , G A ................................................................................................
-
1 7 1 .9
1 7 7 .8
-
1 7 6 .9
-
1 7 6 .7
-
1 6 9 .6
1 7 5 .4
-
1 7 4 .2
-
1 6 9 .6
D e tr o it- A n n A r b o r - F lin t , M l...............................................................
-
1 7 1 .9
1 7 5 .8
-
175.1
-
1 7 4 .8
-
1 6 6 .5
1 7 0 .4
-
1 6 9 .4
_
169.1
H o u s t o n - G a lv e s t o n - B r a z o r ia , T X ..................................................
-
157.1
1 5 9 .6
-
1 5 8 .6
-
1 5 9 .4
-
1 5 5 .4
1 5 8 .4
-
1 5 7 .0
-
1 5 7 .8
1 7 1 .7
M ia m i- F t . L a u d e rd a le , F L ..................................................................
-
1 6 9 .6
1 7 3 .5
-
1 7 3 .5
-
1 7 4 .2
-
167.1
1 7 1 .2
-
1 7 0 .9
_
P h lla d e lp h ia - W ilm in g t o n - A t la n tic C ity , P A - N J - D E - M D ......
-
1 7 7 .9
1 8 2 .5
-
1 8 2 .8
-
1 8 2 .9
-
1 7 7 .2
1 8 2 .0
-
1 8 2 .2
_
1 8 2 .3
S a n F r a n c ls c o - O a k la n d - S a n J o s e , C A .......................................
-
1 8 3 .4
1 9 0 .9
-
1 9 1 .0
-
1 9 1 .7
-
1 7 9 .3
1 8 6 .9
-
1 8 6 .7
_
1 8 7 .5
S e a t tle - T a c o m a - B r e m e r t o n , W A ..................................................
-
182.1
1 8 6 .3
-
1 8 6 .8
-
1 8 7 .9
-
1 7 7 .5
1 8 1 .3
-
1 8 1 .5
-
183 .1
1
F o o d s , fu e ls , a n d s e v e r a l o th e r ite m s p ric e d e v e ry m o n th in a ll a re a s ; m o s t o th e r g o o d s
a n d s e rv ic e s p ric e d a s in d ic a te d :
M O -K S ;
M ilw a u k e e - R a c in e ,
W l;
M in n e a p o lis -S t.
P a u l,
M N - W I;
P itts b u rg h ,
PA;
P o rt-
la n d -S a le m , O R - W A ; S t L o u is , M O - IL ; S a n D ie g o , C A ; T a m p a - S t. P e te rs b u r g - C le a r w a te r ,
M — E v e ry m o n th .
FL.
1 ^ J a n u a r y , M a rc h , M a y , J u ly , S e p te m b e r, a n d N o v e m b e r.
7 In d e x e s o n a N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 b a s e .
2 — F e b r u a ry , A p r il, J u n e , A u g u s t, O c to b e r, a n d D e c e m b e r.
2 R e g io n s d e fin e d a s th e fo u r C e n s u s re g io n s .
D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le .
3 In d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 b a s e .
4 T h e "N o r th C e n tr a l" re g io n h a s b e e n re n a m e d th e " M id w e s t" re g io n b y th e C e n s u s B u re a u .
NO TE:
It is c o m p o s e d o f th e s a m e g e o g r a p h ic e n titie s .
in d e x h a s a s m a lle r s a m p le s iz e a n d is, th e re fo re , s u b je c t to s u b s ta n tia lly m o re s a m p lin g a n d
o th e r m e a s u re m e n t e rro r.
6 In d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 6 = 1 0 0 b a s e .
6
In a d d itio n , th e fo llo w in g m e tro p o lita n a re a s a re p u b lis h e d s e m ia n n u a lly a n d a p p e a r in
ta b le s 3 4 a n d 3 9 o f th e J a n u a r y a n d J u ly is s u e s o f th e CPI Detailed Report: A n c h o ra g e , A K ;
C in c in n a ti- H a m ilto n , O H - K Y - I N ; D e n v e r - B o u ld e r - G r e e le y , C O ; H o n o lu lu , H I; K a n s a s C ity,
Monthly Labor Review
86
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
L o c a l a re a C P I in d e x e s a re b y p ro d u c ts o f th e n a tio n a l C P I p ro g ra m .
December 2001
E a c h lo c a l
A s a re s u lt, lo c a l a re a in d e x e s s h o w g re a te r v o la tility th a n th e
n a tio n a l in d e x , a lth o u g h th e ir lo n g -te rm tre n d s a re s im ila r. T h e r e fo re , th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r
S ta tis tic s s tro n g ly u rg e s u s e rs to c o n s id e r a d o p tin g th e n a tio n a l a v e ra g e C P I fo r u s e in th e ir
e s r a l a t n r r la iis P Q
I o H p y p n n liP Q to p m n n th a s p w h n lp
n n t tn p n \/ c n o r tifir rtp fp
30.
A n n u a l d a ta : C o n s u m e r P rice In d e x , U.S. c ity a v e r a g e , a ll item s a n d m a jo r g ro u p s
[ 1982- 8 4 = 100]______________________________________________________________________
Series
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
C o n s u m e r P ric e In d e x fo r A ll U rb a n C o n s u m e rs :
A ll ite m s :
In d e x ..............................................................................................
1 4 0 .3
1 4 4 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 5 2 .4
1 5 6 .9
1 6 0 .5
1 6 3 .0
1 6 6 .6
1 7 2 .2
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
3 .0
3 .0
2 .6
2 .8
3 .0
2 .3
1 .6
2 .2
3 .4
I n d e x ...............................................................................................
1 3 8 .7
1 4 1 .6
1 4 4 .9
1 4 8 .9
1 5 3 .7
1 5 7 .7
1 61 .1
1 6 4 .6
1 6 8 .4
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
1 .4
2.1
2 .3
2 .8
3 .2
2 .6
2 .2
2 .2
2 .3
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 3 7 .5
1 4 1 .2
1 4 4 .8
1 4 8 .5
1 5 2 .8
1 5 6 .8
1 6 0 .4
1 6 3 .9
1 6 9 .6
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2 .9
2 .7
2 .5
2 .6
2 .9
2 .6
2 .3
2 .2
3 .5
In d e x ................................................................................................
1 3 1 .9
1 3 3 .7
1 3 3 .4
1 3 2 .0
1 3 1 .7
1 3 2 .9
1 3 3 .0
1 3 1 .3
1 2 9 .6
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2 .5
1 .4
-.2
-1 .0
-.2
.9
.1
-1 .3
-1 .3
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 2 6 .5
1 3 0 .4
1 3 4 .3
1 39.1
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .3
1 4 1 .6
1 4 4 .4
1 5 3 .3
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2 .2
3.1
3 .0
3 .6
2 .8
0 .9
-1 .9
2 .0
6 .2
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 90 .1
2 0 1 .4
2 1 1 .0
2 2 0 .5
2 2 8 .2
2 3 4 .6
2 4 2 .1
2 5 0 .6
2 6 0 .8
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .................... ....................................................
7 .4
5 .9
4 .8
4 .5
3 .5
2 .8
3 .2
3 .5
4 .1
I n d e x ...............................................................................................
1 8 3 .3
1 9 2 .9
1 9 8 .5
2 0 6 .9
2 1 5 .4
2 2 4 .8
2 3 7 .7
2 5 8 .3
2 7 1 .1
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
6 .8
5 .2
2 .9
4 .2
4.1
4 .4
5 .7
8 .7
5 .0
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 3 8 .2
1 42.1
1 4 5 .6
1 4 9 .8
1 54 .1
1 5 7 .6
1 5 9 .7
1 6 3 .2
1 6 8 .9
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2 .9
2 .8
2 .5
2 .9
2 .9
2 .3
1 .3
2 .2
3 .5
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s :
H o u s in g :
A p p a re l:
T r a n s p o r ta tio n :
M e d ic a l c a re :
O th e r g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s :
C o n s u m e r P ric e In d e x fo r U rb a n W a g e E a rn e rs
a n d C le ric a l W o rk e rs :
A ll ite m s :
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
87
Current Labor Statistics:
31.
Price Data
P rod ucer Price In d e x e s, b y s ta g e o f processing
[1982 = 100]
Grouping
1999
Finished goods..............................
2000
Annual average
1 3 3 .0
2000
1 3 8 .0
2001
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
140.1
1 4 0 .0
1 39 .7
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
1 4 1 .2
1 4 1 .5
1 4 1 .0
Apr.
1 4 1 .7
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1 4 2 .5
142.1
1 4 0 .7
141.1
Oct.
1 4 1 .7
F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s ..............................
1 3 9 .6
1 3 2 .0
1 3 8 .2
1 4 0 .7
1 4 0 .5
140.1
1 4 1 .9
1 4 2 .5
1 4 1 .9
1 4 2 .7
1 4 3 .8
1 4 3 .3
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .0
1 4 2 .9
F in is h e d c o n s u m e r fo o d s .............................
1 3 9 .9
135.1
1 37 .2
1 38 .0
1 3 8 .2
1 3 7 .9
1 3 8 .4
1 3 9 .5
1 4 0 .9
1 4 1 .6
1 4 1 .8
1 4 1 .9
1 4 1 .2
1 4 2 .6
1 4 2 .9
1 4 1 .8
F in s h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s
e x c lu d in g fo o d s .............................................
1 3 8 .4
1 4 1 .6
1 4 1 .3
1 4 0 .8
1 4 3 .3
1 4 3 .6
142.1
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .5
1 4 3 .7
1 4 1 .4
1 4 1 .6
1 4 2 .7
1 3 9 .0
N o n d u ra b le g o o d s le s s f o o d ....................
1 2 7 .9
1 3 8 .7
1 4 2 .6
142.1
1 4 1 .5
1 4 4 .9
1 4 5 .9
1 4 3 .8
1 4 4 .9
1 4 7 .3
1 4 6 .5
143.1
1 4 3 .5
145.1
D u ra b le g o o d s ................................................
1 3 9 .2
1 3 3 .0
1 3 0 .5
1 3 3 .9
1 3 5 .3
1 3 5 .4
1 3 5 .3
1 3 5 .2
1 3 4 .2
134.1
1 3 4 .2
1 3 3 .8
1 3 3 .2
1 33 .2
C a p ita l e q u ip m e n t...........................................
1 3 3 .0
1 3 3 .2
1 3 4 .4
1 3 7 .6
1 3 8 .8
1 3 9 .8
1 3 9 .9
1 3 9 .9
1 4 0 .2
1 3 9 .7
1 3 9 .7
1 4 0 .0
1 39 .7
1 3 9 .6
1 3 9 .8
1 3 9 .5
1 3 9 .4
1 3 9 .8
Intermediate materials,
supplies, and components...............
1 2 3 .2
1 2 9 .2
1 3 0 .8
1 3 0 .5
1 3 0 .6
1 3 1 .5
1 3 1 .3
1 3 0 .8
1 3 0 .6
1 3 1 .2
1 3 1 .4
1 3 0 .3
1 2 9 .8
130.1
1 2 7 .6
M a te r ia ls a n d c o m p o n e n ts
fo r m a n u fa c tu rin g ...............................................
1 2 4 .6
128.1
1 28 .4
1 2 8 .0
128.1
1 2 8 .6
1 2 8 .8
1 2 8 .9
1 2 8 .7
1 2 8 .6
1 2 8 .3
1 2 7 .5
1 2 6 .9
1 2 6 .6
1 2 5 .9
M a te r ia ls fo r fo o d m a n u fa c tu rin g .................
1 2 0 .8
1 1 9 .2
119.1
1 1 8 .9
1 1 9 .8
1 2 0 .4
1 2 0 .3
1 2 2 .3
1 2 2 .3
1 2 4 .6
1 2 5 .7
126.1
128.1
1 2 7 .5
M a te r ia ls fo r n o n d u ra b le m a n u fa c tu rin g ...
126.1
1 2 4 .9
1 3 2 .6
1 3 3 .7
1 3 3 .3
1 3 3 .5
1 3 5 .0
136.1
1 3 5 .8
1 3 5 .2
1 3 4 .2
1 3 3 .4
1 3 1 .9
130.1
1 2 9 .9
M a te r ia ls fo r d u r a b le m a n u fa c tu rin g ..........
1 2 8 .7
125.1
1 2 9 .0
1 2 8 .8
1 2 7 .5
1 2 8 .0
1 2 7 .2
1 2 7 .0
1 2 6 .7
1 26 .0
1 2 6 .9
1 2 6 .5
1 2 5 .3
1 2 4 .6
1 2 4 .2
1 2 3 .4
C o m p o n e n ts fo r m a n u fa c tu rin g ...................
1 2 5 .7
1 2 6 .2
1 2 6 .4
1 2 6 .5
126.1
1 2 6 .4
1 2 6 .2
1 2 6 .4
1 2 6 .6
1 2 6 .4
1 26 .4
1 26 .2
1 2 6 .2
1 2 5 .9
1 2 5 .9
1 5 0 .2
1 5 0 .4
M a te r ia ls a n d c o m p o n e n ts
f o r c o n s tr u c tio n ....................................................
1 4 8 .9
1 5 0 .7
150.1
1 4 9 .9
1 4 9 .6
1 50 .0
1 5 0 .2
1 5 0 .4
1 5 1 .6
1 5 1 .7
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .0
1 5 0 .8
P ro c e s s e d fu e ls a n d lu b r ic a n ts .......................
8 4 .6
1 0 2 .0
1 09 .2
1 0 8 .8
1 0 8 .3
1 1 1 .4
1 0 9 .9
1 0 6 .9
1 0 5 .9
108.1
1 1 0 .2
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .0
1 0 8 .4
C o n ta in e r s ...............................................................
9 7 .4
1 4 2 .5
1 5 1 .6
1 5 3 .4
1 5 3 .0
1 53 .0
1 5 3 .0
1 5 3 .0
1 5 2 .8
1 53 .2
1 5 3 .9
154.1
1 5 3 .6
1 5 3 .2
S u p p lie s ....................................................................
1 5 3 .0
1 5 2 .4
1 34 .2
1 3 6 .9
1 3 7 .7
1 3 8 .0
138.1
1 3 8 .9
1 3 8 .5
1 3 8 .7
1 39 .0
1 39 .0
1 38 .8
1 3 8 .8
1 3 8 .7
1 3 8 .6
1 3 8 .3
1 36 .2
Crude materialsfor further
processing.................................
9 8 .2
1 2 0 .6
1 3 0 .3
1 2 8 .4
1 3 0 .9
1 2 2 .8
116.1
1 1 3 .4
1 0 8 .0
9 7 .7
F o o d s tu ffs a n d fe e d s tu ffs ..................................
9 8 .7
1 00 .2
9 9 .5
1 0 0 .4
1 0 3 .9
1 0 5 .3
1 0 4 .5
1 0 8 .9
109.1
1 1 0 .3
1 0 9 .7
1 0 9 .6
1 0 8 .9
C r u d e n o n fo o d m a te r ia ls ...................................
1 0 8 .5
1 0 4 .7
9 4 .3
1 3 0 .4
1 4 6 .7
1 4 3 .0
1 5 3 .5
1 8 3 .5
1 48 .2
1 42 .2
1 4 4 .5
1 4 0 .4
1 2 7 .4
1 1 6 .3
1 1 2 .4
1 0 3 .8
8 9 .4
F in is h e d g o o d s , e x c lu d in g fo o d s ....................
1 32 .3
138.1
1 4 0 .6
1 4 0 .4
140.1
1 4 1 .9
1 4 2 .0
1 4 0 .9
1 4 1 .6
1 4 2 .6
1 4 2 .0
1 4 0 .5
1 4 0 .5
F in is h e d e n e rg y g o o d s .......................................
7 8 .8
94.1
9 9 .6
9 8 .9
9 7 .9
1 0 1 .9
1 0 3 .6
9 9 .7
1 01 .2
104.1
1 0 2 .7
9 7 .0
9 7 .8
100.1
F in is h e d g o o d s le s s e n e rg y .............................
90.1
1 43 .0
1 4 4 .9
1 4 6 .0
146.1
1 4 5 .9
1 4 6 .7
1 4 6 .6
147.1
1 4 7 .5
1 4 7 .7
1 4 7 .6
1 4 7 .5
1 4 7 .7
1 4 7 .9
F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s le s s e n e rg y ........
1 4 7 .9
1 45 .2
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .6
1 4 8 .7
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .4
1 4 9 .5
1 50 .2
1 5 0 .6
1 5 1 .6
1 5 0 .9
1 5 0 .7
151.1
1 5 1 .4
1 5 1 .3
F in is h e d g o o d s le s s fo o d a n d e n e rg y ..........
146.1
1 4 8 .0
1 49 .2
1 4 9 .2
149.1
1 5 0 .0
1 49 .4
1 4 9 .5
1 4 9 .8
1 5 0 .0
1 4 9 .9
1 4 9 .9
1 4 9 .7
1 4 9 .8
1 5 0 .4
F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s le s s fo o d
a n d e n e r g y ............................................................
1 5 1 .7
1 54 .0
1 5 5 .5
1 5 5 .4
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .5
1 5 5 .9
156.1
1 56 .4
1 5 6 .9
1 5 6 .7
1 5 6 .8
1 5 6 .6
1 5 6 .8
1 5 7 .5
C o n s u m e r n o n d u ra b le g o o d s le s s fo o d
a n d e n e r g y .........................................................
1 6 6 .3
1 6 9 .8
1 7 1 .3
1 7 1 .2
1 7 1 .0
1 7 3 .2
1 73 .2
1 7 3 .5
1 7 4 .0
1 7 5 .4
1 7 5 .5
1 7 5 .5
1 7 5 .3
1 7 5 .6
1 7 5 .8
1 3 2 .4
1 5 5 .0
1 3 3 .2
1 3 1 .5
1 3 2 .9
Special groupings:
1 4 1 .3
1 3 8 .8
In te rm e d ia te m a te r ia ls le s s fo o d s
a n d fe e d s ...............................................................
1 2 3 .9
130.1
1 3 1 .9
1 3 1 .5
1 3 1 .5
1 31 .6
132.1
1 3 2 .3
1 3 1 .0
1 3 0 .4
1 3 0 .7
In te rm e d ia te fo o d s a n d fe e d s ..........................
1 2 8 .2
111.1
1 1 1 .7
1 1 1 .5
1 1 1 .7
1 1 3 .5
115.1
1 1 3 .6
114.1
1 1 4 .0
1 1 4 .9
1 1 6 .3
117.1
1 1 9 .4
1 1 8 .7
In te rm e d ia te e n e rg y g o o d s ...............................
1 1 7 .3
8 4 .3
1 0 1 .7
1 0 8 .8
1 0 7 .6
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .9
1 0 9 .5
1 0 6 .4
1 0 5 .5
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .7
1 0 6 .3
1 0 5 .6
1 0 7 .9
97.1
1 3 5 .3
1 3 5 .8
1 3 5 .8
1 3 6 .0
1 36 .0
136.1
1 3 5 .9
1 3 5 .3
1 3 4 .9
1 3 4 .7
1 3 4 .2
1 3 7 .4
1 3 7 .5
1 37 .2
1 3 6 .5
1 3 6 .0
1 3 5 .8
1 3 5 .3
1 3 2 .3
1 3 1 .7
In te rm e d ia te g o o d s le s s e n e r g y .....................
1 3 1 .7
1 3 5 .0
1 3 5 .4
1 3 5 .2
In te rm e d ia te m a te r ia ls le s s fo o d s
a n d e n e r g y ............................................................
133.1
1 3 6 .6
1 37 .0
1 3 6 .8
1 3 6 .8
137.1
1 3 7 .3
1 3 7 .4
C r u d e e n e rg y m a te r ia ls ......................................
7 8 .5
122.1
1 4 4 .8
1 4 0 .9
1 5 4 .7
1 9 3 .4
1 4 8 .3
1 4 1 .0
1 45 .2
1 3 9 .8
123.1
1 0 9 .0
1 0 4 .2
93.1
7 5 .2
C r u d e m a te r ia ls le s s e n e r g y ............................
1 0 7 .9
1 1 1 .7
110.1
1 0 9 .9
1 1 2 .4
1 1 3 .7
1 1 2 .4
1 1 5 .2
1 1 4 .3
1 1 5 .3
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .3
1 1 3 .6
C r u d e n o n fo o d m a te r ia ls le s s e n e rg y ..........
1 1 3 .3
1 0 9 .8
1 35 .2
1 4 5 .2
1 41 .0
1 3 7 .8
1 3 7 .5
1 3 8 .7
136.1
1 3 4 .6
1 30 .8
1 3 0 .9
1 3 0 .6
1 2 9 .4
1 2 8 .4
1 2 8 .5
1 2 8 .5
88
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
32.
Producer Price In d exes for the net output of m ajo r industry groups
[D ecem ber 1984 = 100, unless o therw ise indicated]
Industry
SIC
1999
2000
2001
2000
Annual average
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Total mining industries.........................
7 8 .0
1 13 .5
1 31.8
128 .9
1 39 .6
1 70 .8
1 38.2
1 30 .7
132.2
1 27 .5
1 15.5
1 03.4
1 00 .4
9 2 .6
7 8 .8
10
M e ta l m in in g ................................................................
7 0 .3
7 3 .8
75.1
7 3 .3
7 3 .5
7 3 .5
7 2 .4
73.1
7 0 .0
7 1 .4
7 1 .0
7 0 .4
6 9 .6
7 0 .6
7 0 .4
12
C o a l m in in g (1 2 /8 5 - 1 0 0 ).....................................
8 7 .3
8 4 .8
8 3 .6
84.1
8 4 .8
8 3 .6
9 0 .8
9 0.3
9 0 .6
92.2
8 7 .7
9 0 .9
8 9 .9
9 2 .5
9 2 .7
13
O il a n d g a s e x tra c tio n (1 2 /8 5 - 1 0 0 )..................
7 8 .5
126.8
1 51.5
1 47.7
1 62 .0
2 0 4 .4
1 59 .4
1 49.3
1 51 .5
1 44.9
1 29 .6
1 12.9
1 09 .4
9 8 .3
7 9 .7
14
M in in g a n d q u a rry in g o f n o n m e ta llic
134 .0
1 37.0
138 .0
1 38.0
1 38.2
1 39 .3
140.1
140 .8
140.8
1 40 .7
141 .8
1 41 .6
141 .2
1 41 .4
1 4 1 .9
1 35 .6
1 33 .6
m in e ra ls , e x c e p t fu e ls ...........................................
_
Total manufacturing industries................
1 28 .3
1 33.5
134 .9
134 .9
1 34 .4
1 34.7
1 34 .7
1 34 .6
1 35.4
136 .3
1 36.0
134 .6
1 34 .8
20
F o o d a n d k in d re d p ro d u c ts ....................................
1 26.3
1 28 .5
128 .7
128 .8
1 29 .6
130.1
1 30 .4
131 .7
1 32.5
133 .2
1 33.8
1 33 .9
1 34.7
1 3 4 .7
1 3 3 .9
21
T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu re s ...........................................
3 2 5 .7
3 4 5 .8
3 5 1 .6
3 5 1 .6
3 5 1 .8
3 7 2 .4
3 7 2 .4
3 7 2 .3
372.1
3 9 1 .2
3 9 1 .7
391.1
3 9 1 .0
391.1
391.1
22
T e x tile m ill p ro d u c ts .................................................
1 16.3
1 16.7
1 16.8
1 17 .0
1 17 .5
1 17 .4
1 17 .9
1 17 .0
1 17.0
117.1
1 17.2
1 16 .9
1 16 .6
1 1 6 .5
1 16 .2
23
A p p a re l a n d o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u c ts
1 25 .3
1 25.7
126.0
1 25.7
125 .9
125 .7
1 25.7
1 25.7
1 25 .9
1 25.8
1 25 .7
1 25.9
126.1
125 .9
1 2 5 .9
24
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u c ts ,
1 5 4 .3
m a d e fro m fa b ric s a n d s im ila r m a te ria ls ........
e x c e p t fu r n itu re ........................................................
161 .8
158.1
155 .0
154.5
154.2
153 .2
1 53.8
1 54 .5
1 54.7
1 60 .5
1 61.3
158.2
1 57 .5
1 5 6 .9
25
F u rn itu re a n d fix tu r e s ..............................................
141 .3
143 .3
143 .7
1 43.8
1 43.8
144 .2
1 44 .3
1 44 .8
1 44.7
144 .9
145.2
1 45 .3
1 45.2
1 4 5 .3
1 4 5 .8
26
P a p e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts ......................................
1 36.4
145 .8
147 .6
1 47.5
1 47.0
1 47.4
1 47 .0
1 47 .0
147 .0
146 .9
1 46.8
146 .4
1 45 .4
1 45 .5
145.1
27
P rin tin g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llie d in d u s trie s .........
1 77.6
1 82 .9
184.9
1 85.0
185.1
1 86.8
187 .2
187 .6
188 .4
188 .8
188 .4
1 88 .6
188 .9
1 88 .8
1 89 .2
28
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts .............................
1 49.7
1 56 .7
158.6
1 58.3
1 59 .0
1 60 .4
1 61 .6
1 61 .9
1 61 .4
1 60 .4
160 .0
1 58 .8
1 56 .3
1 5 6 .4
1 56 .0
114 .4
1 12 .5
114.1
1 20 .9
116 .9
1 03.8
29
P e tro le u m re fin in g a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts ..........
7 6 .8
1 12.8
121.8
1 21 .9
1 12 .0
1 07 .3
1 06 .8
1 1 5 .4
30
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p ro d u c ts .
1 22.2
1 24.6
1 25.3
1 26 .5
124 .8
1 26.0
126.1
1 26 .8
1 27.4
1 26.6
1 26.4
1 26.5
1 26.0
1 25 .2
1 2 5 .6
1 36 .5
138 .8
138 .9
139.1
1 40.6
1 40.9
1 42.8
1 42.9
1 42.6
1 41.9
142.1
1 41 .3
1 4 1 .0
31
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p ro d u c ts ................................
32
S to n e , c la y , g la s s , a n d c o n c re te p ro d u c ts ......
33
34
9 3 .8
1 37.9
1 38.4
132.6
1 34.6
1 34.5
134 .3
134.1
1 34 .4
1 35.0
1 35 .4
1 35.6
1 36.0
1 35.7
1 35.9
1 35.9
1 36 .4
1 3 6 .7
1 15 .8
1 19 .8
120.2
119 .0
119.2
1 18 .5
1 18.0
1 17 .4
1 16.8
1 16 .9
1 16.5
116.1
1 15.8
1 15 .2
1 1 4 .7
129.1
130 .3
1 30.6
1 30.5
1 30.5
130 .6
130 .7
1 30.8
1 31.2
131.1
131.1
131.1
131.1
131.1
1 31 .0
117 .3
1 17.5
117.6
1 17.7
1 17.7
117 .7
117 .8
1 17 .8
118 .0
1 18.0
118.1
118.1
118 .0
117 .8
1 17 .7
F a b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts ,
e x c e p t m a c h in e ry a n d tra n s p o rta tio n
e q u ip m e n t...................................
35
36
E le c tric a l a n d e le c tro n ic m a c h in e ry ,
e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p lie s .....................................
37
38
M e a s u rin g a n d c o n tro llin g in s tru m e n ts ;
39
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g In d u s trie s
109 .5
1 08 .3
108.0
1 07.9
1 07 .7
1 07 .7
1 07 .6
1 07 .5
107 .5
1 07 .4
107 .3
1 06 .9
1 06 .4
1 0 6 .4
1 0 6 .5
134 .5
1 36 .8
138 .4
1 38.6
1 38 .4
1 38 .7
1 37 .6
1 37 .9
138.1
137 .4
137.1
137 .3
137 .2
137 .2
1 3 8 .5
125 .7
1 26.2
126 .4
121 .8
1 26 .4
1 26.9
127.1
1 26 .9
1 26.9
1 27 .3
1 27.4
127 .2
1 27 .4
1 27 .5
127.1
1 30 .3
1 30 .9
1 31.0
131 .2
1 31 .3
1 31 .7
1 31 .9
1 32.3
1 32.2
1 32.5
1 32 .5
1 32.7
1 32 .3
1 3 2 .6
1 3 2 .6
p h o to g ra p h ic , m e d ic a l, a n d o p tic a l
g o o d s ; w a tc h e s a n d c lo c k s ................................
in d u s trie s (1 2 /8 5 - 1 0 0 )......................................
Service industries:
42
M o to r fre ig h t tra n s p o rta tio n
a n d w a re h o u s in g (0 6 /9 3 - 1 0 0 )........................
43
45
46
P ip e lin e s , e x c e p t n a tu ra l q a s (1 2 /9 2 = 1 00 )....
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 14 .8
1 19 .4
121 .4
1 21.8
1 21.5
1 21 .9
1 22 .5
1 22 .6
122.7
123 .0
1 23.2
1 23 .3
1 23 .4
1 2 3 .6
1 2 3 .8
135 .3
1 35 .2
135.2
1 35.2
1 35.2
1 41 .3
141 .3
141 .3
141.3
141 .3
1 41.3
1 45 .4
1 45 .4
1 4 5 .4
1 4 5 .4
113 .0
122 .6
126 .5
124.2
126.1
1 25.8
127 .8
126 .8
1 25 .9
125 .6
1 30 .3
131 .8
1 32 .0
1 4 0 .9
1 3 4 .0
1 30.8
147 .7
1 52 .5
1 52.7
154.2
1 54 .7
154 .0
1 55 .4
155 .4
1 56 .4
1 56 .6
157 .6
159.1
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .8
9 8 .3
1 02 .3
102.7
1 02.7
1 02 .7
109.1
109.1
1 08 .9
108 .9
1 09 .0
109 .0
1 10 .9
111 .2
1 11 .3
1 11 .5
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
89
Current Labor Statistics:
33.
Price Data
A n n u a l d a ta : P ro d u c e r P rice In d e x e s , b y s ta g e o f p ro ce s s in g
[1 9 8 2 = 100]
Index
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Finished goods
T o ta l...........................................................................
F o o d s .......................................................................................
E n e r g y ..........................................................................
O t h e r ................................................................................
1 2 3 .2
1 2 4 .7
1 2 5 .5
1 2 3 .3
1 2 5 .7
1 2 6 .8
_
_
1 3 0 .7
1 3 3 .0
1 3 8 .0
1 3 4 .3
1 35 .1
1 3 7 .2
7 7 .8
7 8 .0
7 7 .0
7 5.1
7 8 .8
9 4.1
1 3 4 .2
1 3 5 .8
1 37 .1
1 4 3 .7
1 46 .1
1 4 8 .0
1 2 3 .0
1 2 3 .2
1 2 9 .2
Intermediate materials, supplies, and
components
T o t a l..............................................................................
1 1 4 .7
1 1 6 .2
1 1 8 .5
1 1 3 .9
1 1 5 .6
1 1 8 .5
E n e r g y ...............................................................................
8 4 .3
8 4 .6
8 3 .0
8 4.1
O t h e r ..................................................................................
1 2 2 .0
1 2 3 .8
1 27.1
1 3 5 .2
F o o d s .............................................................................
1 3 3 .5
1 2 0 .8
1 1 9 .2
8 4 .3
1 0 1 .7
1 33 .1
1 3 6 .6
Crude materials for further processing
T o ta l..................................................................................
1 0 0 .4
1 0 2 .4
1 0 1 .8
1 0 2 .7
1 05.1
1 0 8 .4
1 0 6 .5
1 0 5 .8
E n e r g y ...............................................................................
7 8 .8
7 6 .7
7 2.1
6 9 .4
O t h e r ...................................................................
9 4 .2
94.1
9 7 .0
1 0 5 .8
F o o d s ..............................................................................................
Digitized for 90
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
1 1 3 .8
. . . . .
«/N
1 0 3 .9
1 0 5 .7
1 0 3 .5
8 4 .5
9 8 .2
1 2 0 .6
9 8 .7
1 0 0 .2
7 8 .5
1 22 .1
91.1
1 1 8 .0
34.
U.S. e x p o rt p ric e in d e x e s b y S ta n d a rd In tern atio n al Trade C lassification
[1995 = 100]
SITC
Rev. 3
2001
2000
Industry
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
0
Food and live animals.......................................
87.1
8 8 .5
8 8 .7
8 9 .8
8 8 .6
89.1
8 8 .6
8 7 .9
8 7 .8
8 8 .5
8 9 .2
8 9 .8
8 9 .3
01
M e a t a n d m e a t p re p a ra tio n s ......................................................
1 0 7 .4
1 0 7 .6
1 0 5 .9
1 0 5 .4
107.1
107.1
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .7
1 1 0 .4
1 1 1 .0
1 1 2 .5
1 1 2 .7
7 3 .5
7 3 .2
7 4 .8
7 6 .2
7 4 .4
8 8 .4
9 1 .2
9 1 .8
9 0 .4
9 1 .9
04
C e re a ls a n d c e re a l p re p a ra tio n s ..............................................
7 0 .8
7 4 .0
7 5 .8
7 8 .8
7 6 .4
7 7 .2
7 4 .7
7 4 .7
05
V e g e ta b le s , fru it, a n d n u ts , p re p a re d fre s h o r d r y .............
8 8 .7
8 9 .8
8 8 .9
8 6 .9
8 6 .2
8 7 .8
8 9 .5
8 7 .4
2
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels..................
8 3 .5
8 2 .2
8 2 .6
8 2 .0
8 0 .9
7 9 .7
7 8 .4
7 7 .5
7 7 .0
7 6 .8
7 5 .7
7 4 .4
7 1 .9
21
H id e s , s k in s , a n d fu rs k ln s , ra w .................................................
1 0 4 .7
102.1
1 0 3 .3
1 0 5 .6
1 06 .5
1 0 7 .5
1 1 9 .2
1 2 3 .2
1 1 1 .0
1 0 4 .3
9 0 .3
9 4 .5
8 8 .3
22
O ils e e d s a n d o le a g in o u s fru its .................................................
8 1 .3
7 9 .3
8 5 .0
8 3 .9
78.1
7 9 .0
7 5 .0
7 6 .0
7 9 .9
8 5 .7
8 7 .2
8 2 .7
7 5 .0
24
C o rk a n d w o o d ................................................................................
8 7 .2
8 6 .5
8 5 .9
8 5 .2
8 4 .3
8 3 .5
8 1 .6
8 0 .9
8 0 .6
81.1
8 0 .7
7 8 .3
7 7 .8
7 3 .6
7 1 .4
6 9 .9
7 0 .6
7 0 .6
6 0 .8
5 8 .4
25
P u lp a n d w a s te p a p e r..................................................................
8 9 .8
8 8 .6
8 5 .9
8 5 .8
8 3 .6
8 2 .3
8 0 .6
7 5 .2
26
T e x tile fib e r s a n d th e ir w a s te ............................ .......................
7 2 .0
7 2 .2
7 3 .2
7 0 .4
7 0 .6
6 7 .6
6 4 .8
64.1
6 3 .0
6 2 .6
6 1 .8
27
C r u d e fe r tiliz e rs a n d c ru d e m in e r a ls .....................................
9 0 .7
9 0 .6
9 0 .6
9 0 .9
9 0 .9
8 9 .9
8 9 .4
8 9 .2
8 9 .4
9 0 .4
9 0 .5
91.1
91.1
28
M e ta llife r o u s o re s a n d m e ta l s c ra p ........................................
7 9 .5
7 6 .2
7 4 .7
74.1
7 4 .7
7 2 .5
7 3 .0
7 2 .2
7 1 .7
6 9 .2
6 8 .0
67.1
6 4 .9
1 5 2 .4
3
Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related products.........
1 5 7 .2
162.1
1 5 7 .4
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .5
1 5 6 .0
1 59 .0
145.1
1 5 3 .7
1 3 9 .0
32
C o a l, c o k e , a n d b riq u e tte s ..........................................................
9 3 .3
93.1
9 3 .0
93.1
93.1
9 3 .6
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .4
1 0 0 .7
1 0 0 .7
1 0 1 .7
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .6
1 7 8 .4
1 84 .4
1 7 7 .0
1 6 2 .8
1 6 5 .4
1 8 0 .0
1 5 3 .6
6 1 .6
6 5 .0
67.1
69.1
7 7 .9
7 7 .9
74.1
8 9 .8
8 9 .0
8 8 .7
8 8 .7
33
P e tro le u m , p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts , a n d re la te d m a te ria ls ....
4
Animal and vegetable oils, fats, and waxes.............
1 89 .0
1 93 .4
1 8 3 .6
181.1
1 85 .2
1 7 2 .4
6 0 .0
5 9 .0
5 8 .7
6 1 .0
6 0 .8
6 0 .6
1 5 3 .6
1 44 .0
5
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s...................
9 4 .9
9 4 .0
9 3 .0
93.1
9 2 .9
9 3 .4
9 2 .8
9 1 .6
9 1 .0
54
M e d ic in a l a n d p h a rm a c e u tic a l p ro d u c ts ................................
1 0 0 .4
1 00 .2
100.1
9 9 .7
9 9 .6
9 9 .4
9 9 .7
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .4
1 0 1 .0
1 0 1 .3
101.1
55
E s s e n tia l o ils ; p o lis h in g a n d c le a n in g p re p a ra tio n s ..........
1 0 3 .4
1 0 3 .3
1 0 3 .2
1 03 .4
1 03 .2
1 0 3 .4
1 0 3 .0
1 0 2 .9
1 0 2 .9
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .2
57
P la s tic s in p rim a ry f o r m s .............................................................
9 2 .3
9 1 .2
9 0 .0
9 0 .5
9 1 .5
9 2 .7
9 1 .2
8 9 .9
89.1
8 6 .5
8 5 .3
8 3 .6
84.1
58
P la s tic s in n o n p r im a ry fo r m s ......................................................
9 8 .9
9 8 .3
9 8 .3
9 6 .6
9 6 .5
9 6 .7
9 6 .8
96.1
9 6 .5
97.1
9 6 .0
9 6 .3
9 6 .0
59
C h e m ic a l m a te r ia ls a n d p ro d u c ts , n .e .s ................................
9 9 .2
99.1
9 9 .9
9 8 .4
9 8 .5
9 8 .5
9 8 .6
9 8 .3
9 8 .5
9 8 .0
9 8 .0
9 8 .4
9 8 .2
100.1
9 9 .9
9 9 .7
9 9 .3
9 8 .5
9 8 .4
9 7 .5
1 0 4 .0
1 04 .0
104.1
1 0 4 .8
1 0 5 .3
1 0 5 .3
1 0 5 .3
8 5 .0
8 5 .4
85.1
6
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials...
1 0 0 .8
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .4
1 01 .0
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .4
62
R u b b e r m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s ........................................................
1 0 4 .6
104.1
1 0 3 .8
1 0 4 .4
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .7
64
P a p e r, p a p e r b o a rd , a n d a rtic le s o f p a p e r, p u lp ,
a n d p a p e r b o a r d ............................................................................
8 9 .9
8 9 .6
89.1
8 8 .6
8 8 .4
8 7 .8
8 7 .7
8 7 .6
8 7 .0
8 5 .0
66
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s ..............................
1 0 5 .8
1 0 5 .9
1 0 5 .6
1 06 .2
1 06 .2
1 0 6 .0
1 0 6 .5
1 06 .6
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .2
1 0 7 .2
1 0 7 .2
68
N o n fe rro u s m e ta ls ..........................................................................
1 0 4 .9
1 0 3 .4
1 0 4 .9
109.1
108.1
1 0 6 .5
103.1
1 0 1 .6
9 9 .5
9 8 .5
9 4 .5
9 1 .6
8 8 .3
7
Machinery and transport equipment......................
9 7 .3
9 7 .4
9 7 .4
9 7 .5
9 7 .6
9 7 .9
9 7 .8
9 7 .8
9 7 .6
9 7 .5
9 7 .4
9 7 .3
9 7 .0
71
P o w e r g e n e r a tin g m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t.....................
1 1 2 .4
1 13 .7
1 1 3 .7
1 1 5 .2
1 15 .2
1 4 .7
1 1 5 .0
1 15 .0
1 15 .0
115.1
1 1 5 .5
1 1 5 .7
1 1 5 .8
72
M a c h in e ry s p e c ia liz e d fo r p a rtic u la r in d u s trie s ..................
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .5
1 0 6 .6
1 06 .8
107.1
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .7
1 06 .7
1 0 6 .6
1 0 5 .9
1 0 5 .8
1 0 5 .9
1 0 7 .0
74
G e n e ra l in d u s tria l m a c h in e s a n d p a rts , n .e .s .,
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .6
110.1
110.1
110.1
1 1 0 .0
6 6 .7
6 6 .2
6 5 .5
6 5 .3
6 4 .8
6 4 .7
6 4 .7
9 4 .5
75
76
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .4
1 0 8 .5
1 0 8 .6
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .2
6 7 .7
6 7 .8
6 7 .6
67.1
67.1
6 6 .8
T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d s o u n d re c o rd in g a n d
9 6 .6
9 6 .5
9 6 .4
9 6 .4
9 6 .5
9 6 .5
9 6 .5
9 6 .5
9 5 .3
95.1
8 5 .4
8 5 .3
9 6 .3
8 5 .4
9 6 .5
77
8 5 .2
8 5 .2
8 5 .2
8 4 .8
8 4 .8
8 4 .5
8 4 .0
8 4 .0
8 3 .8
82.1
78
1 04 .0
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .0
104.1
104.1
104.1
104.1
104.1
104.1
104.1
104.1
104.1
1 0 4 .2
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .6
1 07 .0
1 07 .0
1 0 7 .0
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .9
107.1
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .9
107.1
107.1
re p ro d u c in g a p p a ra tu s a n d e q u ip m e n t...............................
87
Professional, scientific, and controlling
Instruments and apparatus...............................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
91
Current Labor Statistics:
35.
Price Data
U.S. im port p ric e in d exes b y S tan d ard Intern atio nal Trade C lassification
[1995 = 100]
SITC
Rev. 3
0
2000
Industry
Oct.
Food and live animals.................................
01
M e a t a n d m e a t p re p a ra tio n s .................................
03
F is h a n d c ru s ta c e a n s , m o llu s k s , a n d o th e r
05
V e g e ta b le s , fru it, a n d n uts, p re p a re d fre s h o r d ry..
07
C o ffe e , te a , c o c o a , s p ic e s , a n d m a n u fa c tu re s
a q u a tic in v e r te b ra te s ...........................
th e r e o f.....................................................
1
11
2
Beverages and tobacco...............................
B e v e ra g e s ..................................................
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels..............
24
C o rk a n d w o o d ........................................
25
P u lp a n d w a s te p a p e r.................................
2001
Nov.
Dec.
9 1 .5
9 0 .2
9 2 .4
9 2 .8
9 1 .3
9 3 .0
9 0 .8
8 9 .8
8 8 .5
8 7 .7
8 7 .5
8 7 .6
8 7 .5
9 5 .5
9 5 .7
9 7 .3
9 5 .5
96.1
1 00.4
1 02 .6
1 0 4 .4
1 04 .3
1 0 7 .4
1 0 7 .0
1 1 1 .5
1 12 8
1 10 .7
1 0 9 .3
109.1
1 07 .4
1 05 .6
1 02 .2
100.1
9 9 .7
9 8 .8
9 5 .6
9 5 .3
9 4 .5
93 4
1 00.9
9 6 .8
1 0 4 .5
106.1
1 01 .7
1 09 .5
1 0 2 .3
1 0 0 .5
97.1
9 7 .8
9 7 .6
98 0
99 n
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
54.1
5 1 .9
5 0 .8
5 0 .5
51.1
51.1
52.1
5 0 .8
4 9 .8
4 7 .2
4 5 .8
4 6 .2
4 4 .6
1 13 .5
1 1 3 .3
1 13 .2
1 13 .2
1 1 3 .3
1 13 .0
1 13 .2
1 1 4 .8
1 14 .4
1 1 4 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 4 .9
1 1 5 .6
1 10 .6
1 1 0 .7
1 10.6
1 10 .5
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .4
1 1 0 .7
1 1 2 .5
1 1 2 .2
1 1 2 .2
1 1 2 .2
1 1 2 .2
1 1 2 .3
8 9 .8
8 7 .7
8 8 .5
8 7 .5
8 8 .9
86.1
8 6 .6
8 9 .5
9 3 .7
8 7 .9
8 7 .4
88.1
8 5 .8
1 01 .6
9 7 .7
1 01 .7
9 5 .6
9 7 .6
9 7 .5
1 02 .9
114.1
1 3 2 .7
1 1 7 .6
1 1 9 .0
1 2 2 .0
1 1 5 .3
8 3 .4
8 3 .4
8 3 .4
8 4 .3
8 2 .9
8 0 .4
7 6 .8
28
7 2 .5
6 8 .3
6 5 .5
M e ta llife r o u s o re s a n d m e ta l s c ra p ..................
6 2 .2
6 0 .6
60 5
1 0 2 .3
100.1
9 8 .8
1 0 0 .8
1 00 .9
98.1
98.1
29
9 7 .0
9 5 .4
9 5 .9
9 4 .6
94 4
93 2
C r u d e a n im a l a n d v e g e ta b le m a te ria ls , n .e .s ......................
1 04 .3
99.1
97.1
1 02 .0
1 15 .3
9 7 .7
9 1 .8
1 0 0 .7
9 8 .6
8 5 .7
8 6 .0
8 8 .9
8 9 .8
3
Mineral fuels, lubricants, and related products.........
1 86 .3
1 88 .4
1 80 .2
177.1
1 69 .9
154.1
153.1
1 58 .2
1 53 .5
143.1
1 4 4 .7
146 8
122 7
33
P e tro le u m , p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts , a n d re la te d m a te ria ls ...
1 8 1 .8
1 83 .3
1 63 .9
1 52 .0
153 .9
1 44 .7
1 43 .5
1 5 0 .6
34
1 49 .4
1 4 1 .3
1 4 3 .9
146.1
122 2
G a s , n a tu ra l a n d m a n u fa c tu re d ...............................
2 4 2 .6
2 4 9 .3
3 3 1 .8
4 0 1 .0
3 1 6 .9
2 4 4 .5
2 4 4 .4
2 3 3 .5
2 0 0 .0
1 6 8 .4
1 6 2 .3
1 6 4 .0
1 3 4 .0
95.1
9 4 .7
9 5 .0
9 5 .8
9 6 .3
9 6 .6
9 6 .3
9 5 .7
9 4 .7
9 3 .7
9 2 .8
9 2 .6
93 0
9 8 .5
9 8 .9
9 7 .9
9 5 .0
9 2 .4
9 1 .5
9 0 .8
8 9 .5
89 7
90 6
8 8 .4
8 7 .9
85 2
5
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s...................
52
In o rg a n ic c h e m ic a ls ...........................................
93.1
9 3 .7
9 4 .2
53
D y in g , ta n n in g , a n d c o lo rin g m a te ria ls .....................
8 7 .0
8 6 .9
8 6 .9
8 9 .6
89.1
54
86.1
8 6 .5
8 6 .6
8 4 .5
M e d ic in a l a n d p h a rm a c e u tic a l p ro d u c ts ...................
9 6 .0
9 5 .7
9 5 .7
95.1
9 4 .9
» 9 4 .6
9 4 .0
55
9 3 .8
9 3 .8
9 6 .0
9 4 .3
94 1
94 7
E s s e n tia l o ils; p o lis h in g a n d c le a n in g p re p a ra tio n s ..........
P la s tic s in p rim a ry fo r m s ...........................
8 7 .6
8 7 .2
8 6 .9
87.1
8 8 .2
8 8 .6
88.1
8 7 .7
8 7 .4
87.1
87.1
88 9
89 0
9 6 .0
9 5 .9
9 5 .8
9 5 .5
9 5 .5
9 5 .8
9 5 .8
9 5 .7
9 6 .8
9 6 .8
9 5 .2
9 4 .4
57
58
P la s tic s in n o n p r im a ry fo r m s .............................
59
C h e m ic a l m a te ria ls a n d p ro d u c ts , n .e .s ................................
6
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials...
62
R u b b e r m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s ..........................
64
P a p e r, p a p e rb o a rd , a n d a rtic le s o f p a p e r, p ulp ,
a n d p a p e r b o a rd ............................................
8 8 .8
9 4 .6
8 0 .0
7 9 .5
7 8.6
8 0 .3
8 4 .5
8 4 .4
8 3 .2
83.1
82.1
8 0 .7
8 0 .7
7 9 .5
81 4
1 00 .4
1 00 .4
1 00 .6
1 0 1 .8
1 01 .6
1 01 .9
1 01 .4
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .3
9 9 .6
9 9 .5
9 9 .4
9 9 .6
9 7 .6
9 7 .2
9 7 .3
9 8 .2
9 8 .7
9 7 .3
9 6 .3
9 5 .5
9 5 .3
94.1
9 2 .5
9 2 .3
9 1 .3
9 1 .6
9 1 .5
9 1 .8
9 1 .8
9 1 .9
9 1 .8
9 1 .6
9 1 .5
9 1 .2
9 1 .0
9 0 .9
9 0 .9
90 7
88 6
9 1 .6
9 1 .9
9 2 .2
92.1
92.6
9 2 .8
9 3 .7
9 2 .8
66
9 1 .9
9 1 .0
8 9 .9
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s .............................
8 9 .2
1 00 .2
1 00 .2
1 00 .2
1 00 .7
1 0 0 .5
1 00 .5
1 00 .3
1 0 0 .3
68
1 00 .0
N o n fe rro u s m e ta ls ...............................................
1 0 0 .0
9 9 .8
9 9 .9
98 2
1 15 .7
1 1 4 .3
1 14 .4
1 21.0
1 24 .0
1 1 6 .4
1 10 .9
1 07 .0
69
106.1
1 0 1 .7
M a n u fa c tu re s o f m e ta ls , n .e .s .......................
9 2 .9
9 1 .6
87 6
9 5.2
9 4 .9
9 5 .0
9 5 .3
9 5 .0
9 4 .9
9 5 .7
9 5 .7
9 5 .6
9 4 .9
9 4 .9
9 5 .0
9 5 .4
8 9 .2
89.1
8 9 .0
8 8 .9
8 8 .8
8 8 .8
8 8 .4
8 8 .2
88.1
8 7 .9
8 7 .8
8 7 .7
8 7 .8
9 5 .7
9 5 .4
9 5 .3
9 5 .9
9 6 .6
9 6 .3
9 6 .0
9 5 .8
9 5 .7
95.1
95 2
95 7
95 8
95 3
7
Machinery and transport equipment.....................
72
M a c h in e ry s p e c ia liz e d fo r p a rtic u la r In d u s trie s ...............
74
G e n e ra l in d u s tria l m a c h in e s a n d p a rts , n .e .s.,
a n d m a c h in e p a r ts .....................................
75
C o m p u te r e q u ip m e n t a n d o ffic e m a c h in e s .................
76
T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d s o u n d re c o rd in g a n d
re p ro d u c in g a p p a r a tu s a n d e q u ip m e n t..........................
9 5 .5
9 5 .3
9 5 .4
9 5 .9
9 5 .9
9 5 .6
95.1
9 4 .7
9 4 .6
9 4 .4
9 2 .4
9 4 .4
5 8 .8
5 8 .8
5 8 .7
5 8 .3
5 7 .8
5 7 .5
5 6 .5
5 6 .4
5 6 .2
5 5 .3
55.1
54 1
8 3 .9
8 3 .7
8 3 .6
8 3 .0
8 2 .8
8 2 .8
82.1
77
8 2 .0
8 2 .0
82.1
E le c tric a l m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t..............
8 2 .7
8 2 .5
8 2 .2
82.1
8 1 .8
8 2 .5
82.1
8 2 .0
78
8 1 .7
R o a d v e h ic le s ........................................
8 1 .8
8 1 .6
8 1 .5
81 6
1 02 .9
1 02 .9
1 02 .9
1 0 2 .9
1 0 2 .8
1 0 2 .8
1 02 .6
1 02 .4
1 02 .6
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .7
1 0 3 .0
85
F o o tw e a r............................................
1 00 .8
1 00 .7
1 00.6
1 01.0
1 01 .2
1 0 1 .5
101.1
1 0 1 .0
1 0 0 .8
1 0 0 .9
1 01 .2
1 0 1 .2
1 0 0 .7
88
P h o to g ra p h ic a p p a ra tu s , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p lie s ,
9 1 .4
9 1 .0
9 0 .7
9 1 .2
9 1 .3
9 1 .4
9 0 .6
9 0 .6
9 0 .3
8 9 .7
8 9 .7
9 0 .0
9 0 .4
a n d o p tic a l g o o d s , n .e .s ..........................
Digitized for 92
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
8 2 .0
81 8
81 7
36.
U.S. e x p o rt p ric e in d e x e s b y e n d -u s e c a te g o r y
[1995 = 100]________________________________________
2000
Category
Oct.
2001
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
ALL COMMODITIES.......................................
9 6 .5
9 6 .5
9 6 .3
9 6 .5
9 6 .5
9 6 .2
9 6.1
9 5 .9
9 5 .6
9 5 .3
9 5.1
9 5 .2
F o o d s , f e e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s ...............................................
8 5 .8
8 6 .7
8 7 .4
8 8 .2
8 6 .6
8 7 .3
8 6 .6
8 6 .2
8 6 .8
8 7 .9
8 8 .7
8 8 .7
8 7 .5
8 4 .6
8 5 .7
8 6 .7
8 7 .3
8 5 .7
8 6 .4
8 5 .9
8 5 .9
8 6 .5
8 7 .5
8 8 .8
8 8 .5
8 7 .4
A g r ic u ltu r a l f o o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .....................
May
Oct.
9 4 .5
N o n a g r ic u ltu r a l ( fis h , b e v e ra g e s ) fo o d p r o d u c ts .......
9 9 .5
9 8 .2
9 6 .3
9 8 .6
9 7 .0
9 7 .6
9 5 .3
9 1 .0
9 0 .9
9 3.1
8 8 .5
9 1 .2
9 0 .2
In d u s tr ia l s u p p lie s a n d m a te r ia ls ...........................................
9 6 .2
9 5 .8
9 5 .0
9 5 .0
9 4 .9
9 3 .9
9 3 .8
9 3.1
9 2 .3
9 0 .8
9 0 .0
9 0 .4
8 8 .8
A g r ic u ltu r a l in d u s tr ia l s u p p lie s a n d m a te r ia ls .............
8 2 .3
8 2 .0
8 2 .9
8 2 .4
8 2 .6
8 0 .7
8 0 .7
8 1 .0
7 8 .8
7 8.1
77.1
7 6 .8
7 3 .6
F u e ls a n d lu b r ic a n t s ................................................................
1 4 6 .9
1 5 0 .7
1 4 6 .2
1 4 5 .2
1 47.1
1 3 9 .8
1 4 4 .8
1 4 7 .7
1 4 3 .2
1 3 5 .0
1 3 6 .0
1 4 3 .8
1 2 9 .8
e x c lu d in g f u e l a n d b u ild in g m a te r ia ls ..........................
9 1 .6
9 0 .7
9 0.1
9 0 .4
90.1
8 9 .8
8 9 .2
8 8 .0
8 7 .6
8 6 .4
8 5 .7
8 5 .5
8 5 .2
S e le c te d b u ild in g m a te r ia ls .................................................
8 9 .8
8 9 .0
8 9 .0
8 8 .8
8 8 .2
8 7 .4
8 6 .8
8 6 .3
8 7 .0
8 7 .2
8 6 .8
8 5 .6
8 5 .2
C a p ita l g o o d s .................................................................................
9 6.1
9 6 .2
9 6 .3
9 6 .4
9 6 .5
9 6 .7
9 6 .6
9 6 .6
9 6 .4
9 6 .3
96.1
96.1
9 5 .7
N o n a g r ic u ltu r a l s u p p lie s a n d m a te ria ls ,
E le c tr ic a n d e le c tr ic a l g e n e r a tin g e q u ip m e n t .............
9 9 .5
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .5
1 00.1
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .9
1 0 0 .9
1 0 0 .9
1 0 0 .8
1 0 0 .8
1 0 0 .6
N o n e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y ........................................................
9 1 .5
9 1 .5
9 1 .5
9 1 .5
9 1 .5
9 1 5 .0
9 1 .3
9 1.1
9 0 .9
9 0 .7
9 0 .4
9 0 .4
8 9 .9
A u t o m o tiv e v e h ic le s , p a r ts , a n d e n g in e s .........................
1 0 4 .5
1 0 4 .4
1 0 4 .4
1 0 4 .6
1 0 4 .5
1 0 4 .6
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .8
C o n s u m e r g o o d s , e x c lu d in g a u to m o tiv e ..........................
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .0
1 02.1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 1 .8
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .8
1 02 .1
1 02 .1
N o n d u r a b le s , m a n u fa c tu r e d ..............................................
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .0
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 1 .2
1 0 1 .3
1 0 1 .0
1 0 1 .0
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .3
D u r a b le s , m a n u f a c tu r e d .......................................................
1 0 1 .2
1 0 1 .2
1 01.1
1 0 1 .3
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 1 .2
1 0 1 .4
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .9
A g r ic u ltu r a l c o m m o d itie s ..........................................................
8 3 .9
8 4 .7
8 5 .7
8 6.1
8 4 .9
85.1
8 4 .7
8 4 .7
8 4 .8
8 5 .5
8 6 .4
86 .1
8 4 .6
N o n a g r ic u ltu r a l c o m m o d itie s ..................................................
9 7 .9
9 7 .8
9 7 .5
9 7 .7
9 7 .7
9 7 .5
9 7 .4
9 7.1
9 6 .9
9 6 .4
96.1
9 6 .3
9 5 .6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
93
Current Labor Statistics:
37.
Price Data
U.S. im p o rt p ric e in d e x e s b y e n d -u s e c a te g o r y
[1 9 9 5 = 100]
2000
Category
Oct.
2001
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
ALL COMMODITIES.......................................
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
9 9 .3
9 7 .8
9 7 .2
9 7 .5
97.1
9 5 .6
9 5 .4
9 5 .5
9 3 .2
F o o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s ...............................................
9 0 .7
8 9 .4
9 1 .0
9 0 .8
8 9 .8
9 0 .6
8 8 .9
8 8 .7
8 7 .6
Oct.
8 6 .5
8 6 .6
8 7 .0
8 6 .7
A g r ic u ltu r a l fo o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .....................
8 3 .0
8 1 .9
8 4 .2
8 4 .3
8 3 .4
8 5 .6
8 3 .8
8 3 .5
8 2 .2
8 1 .9
8 2 .0
8 2 .8
8 2 .8
N o n a g r ic u ltu r a l (fis h , b e v e r a g e s ) fo o d p r o d u c ts .......
1 1 1 .2
1 0 9 .5
1 09.1
1 0 7 .9
1 0 6 .7
1 0 3 .9
1 0 2 .4
102 .1
1 0 1 .4
9 8 .6
9 8 .4
9 7 .8
9 6 .9
In d u s tr ia l s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls ..........................................
1 2 6 .6
1 2 6 .9
1 2 4 .5
1 2 4 .4
1 2 2 .3
116 .1
1 1 5 .4
1 1 6 .7
1 1 5 .6
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .0
1 1 0 .6
1 0 2 .0
F u e ls a n d lu b r ic a n t s ................................................................
1 8 4 .5
1 8 6 .3
1 7 8 .7
1 7 6 .7
1 6 9 .3
1 5 3 .3
1 5 2 .3
1 5 7 .4
1 53.1
1 4 2 .6
1 4 4 .3
1 4 6 .3
1 2 2 .7
P e tr o le u m a n d p e tr o le u m p r o d u c ts ............................
1 8 1 .9
1 8 3 .6
1 6 5 .6
1 5 5 .7
1 56.1
1 4 5 .9
1 4 4 .2
1 5 1 .0
1 4 9 .5
1 4 1 .4
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .7
1 2 2 .8
P a p e r a n d p a p e r b a s e s t o c k s ............................................
9 0 .4
9 0 .6
9 1 .0
9 1 .0
9 1 .2
9 0 .8
9 1.1
8 9 .0
8 7.1
8 5 .3
8 3 .2
8 2.1
8 1 .4
M a te r ia ls a s s o c ia te d w ith n o n d u ra b le
s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls ........................................................
9 2 .6
9 3 .3
9 4.1
9 4 .3
9 4 .4
9 3 .9
93.1
92.1
9 0 .5
9 0 .0
8 9 .9
8 9 .7
S e le c te d b u ild in g m a t e r ia ls .................................................
9 9 .3
9 7 .2
9 9.1
9 5 .3
9 6 .0
9 6 .2
9 8 .3
1 0 4 .8
1 1 6 .3
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .7
1 0 8 .7
1 0 5 .2
U n fin is h e d m e ta ls a s s o c ia te d w ith d u r a b le g o o d s ..
1 0 5 .6
9 2 .8
1 04.1
1 0 3 .7
1 0 7 .2
1 0 8 .7
1 0 3 .8
1 01.1
9 8 .2
9 7 .6
9 5 .3
9 1 .2
9 0 .9
8 8 .8
N o n m e ta ls a s s o c ia t e d w ith d u r a b le g o o d s ..................
8 7 .3
87.1
8 7 .2
8 7 .8
8 8 .7
8 8 .8
8 8 .5
8 8 .2
8 8 .0
8 7 .5
8 7 .6
8 7 .8
8 7 .5
C a p ita l g o o d s .................................................................................
8 0 .2
80.1
8 0 .0
7 9 .9
7 9 .7
6 8 ,7
7 9 .2
6 8,1
7 9 .0
7 8 .7
7 8 .6
7 8 .3
7 8 .4
E le c tr ic a n d e le c tr ic a l g e n e r a tin g e q u ip m e n t .............
9 3 .4
9 3.1
93.1
93.1
9 2 .9
9 5 .2
9 4 .7
9 4 .9
9 4 .9
9 4 .7
9 4 .4
9 4 .6
9 4 .7
N o n e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y .......................................................
7 6 .4
7 6 .3
76.1
7 6 .0
7 5 .8
7 5 .6
7 5 .0
7 4 .8
7 4 .7
7 4 .3
7 4 .2
7 3 .9
7 3 .8
A u t o m o tiv e v e h ic le s , p a r ts , a n d e n g in e s .........................
1 0 2 .6
1 0 2 .7
1 0 2 .7
1 0 2 .7
1 0 2 .6
1 0 2 .6
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .2
1 02.1
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .6
C o n s u m e r g o o d s , e x c lu d in g a u to m o tiv e ..........................
9 6 .6
9 6 .5
9 6 .4
9 6 .6
9 6 .6
9 6 .6
9 6 .4
9 6 .4
9 6 .2
96.1
9 6.1
9 6 .0
9 5 .9
N o n d u r a b le s , m a n u f a c tu r e d ..............................................
9 9 .8
9 9 .8
9 9 .6
9 2 .9
9 9 .8
1 00.1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
9 9 .8
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .0
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
D u r a b le s , m a n u f a c tu r e d ........................................................
9 2 .8
9 2 .8
9 2 .8
9 2 .9
9 2 .8
9 2 .8
9 2 .5
9 2 .3
92.1
9 1 .9
9 2 .0
9 2.1
9 2 .1
N o n m a n u fa c tu r e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s ...............................
9 9 .8
99.1
9 8 .8
9 9 .5
1 0 1 .5
9 9.1
9 8 .0
9 9 .4
9 9 .0
9 7 .4
9 7 .2
9 7 .7
9 3 .8
38.
U.S. in te rn a tio n a l p ric e In d e x e s for s e le c te d c a te g o r ie s o f s e rv ic e s
[1 9 9 5 = 100]
1999
Category
Sept.
2000
Dec.
Mar.
June
2001
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
A ir f r e ig h t ( in b o u n d ) ........................................................................
8 7 .9
9 0 .7
8 8 .9
8 8 .4
8 8 .5
8 7 .4
8 6 .5
8 4 .0
8 3 .7
A ir f r e ig h t ( o u tb o u n d ) ......................................................................
9 2 .7
9 1 .7
9 1 .7
9 2 .8
9 2 .6
9 2 .6
9 2 .6
9 0 .5
90.1
A ir p a s s e n g e r f a r e s ( U .S . c a r r ie r s ) ..........................................
1 1 4 .2
1 0 6 .8
1 0 7 .3
1 1 3 .3
1 1 5 .5
1 1 1 .9
1 1 4 .2
1 1 9 .2
1 2 0 .6
A ir p a s s e n g e r fa r e s ( fo r e ig n c a r r ie r s ) ....................................
1 0 8 .6
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .6
1 0 7 .9
1 09.1
1 0 3 .2
1 0 6 .4
1 0 9 .7
1 1 6 .4
O c e a n lin e r f r e ig h t ( in b o u n d ) .....................................................
1 4 8 .0
1 3 9 .4
1 3 6 .3
1 4 3 .0
1 4 2 .8
1 4 2 .8
145 .1
1 4 2 .3
1 3 8 .0
Digitized for 94
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
39.
In d e x e s o f p ro d u c tiv ity , h ou rly c o m p e n s a tio n , a n d unit costs, q u a rte rly d a t a s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
[1 9 9 2 = 1 00]
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
III
IV
I
II
2001
2000
1999
1998
Item
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
Business
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...................................................
1 1 0 .8
1 1 1 .8
1 1 2 .5
1 1 2 .7
1 1 4 .0
1 16.1
1 1 5 .0
117 .1
1 1 7 .4
1 1 8 .2
1 1 8 .2
1 1 8 .9
1 1 9 .5
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r ................................................................
1 2 0 .3
1 2 1 .6
1 2 3 .0
1 2 4 .3
1 2 5 .9
1 27.1
1 2 9 .0
1 3 1 .7
1 3 3 .8
1 3 6 .8
1 3 8 .2
1 4 0 .4
1 4 1 .8
1 1 3 .9
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......................................................
1 0 5 .0
1 0 5 .7
1 0 6 .4
1 0 6 .8
1 0 7 .4
1 0 7 .6
108.1
1 0 9 .6
1 1 0 .3
1 1 2 .0
1 1 2 .3
1 1 3 .0
U n it la b o r c o s ts .................................................................................
1 0 8 .6
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .3
1 1 0 .4
1 1 0 .5
1 0 9 .5
112.1
1 1 2 .5
1 1 4 .0
1 1 5 .7
1 1 7 .2
1 1 8 .1
1 1 8 .6
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................................
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .6
1 15.1
1 1 4 .2
1 1 4 .4
1 1 6 .9
1 1 4 .2
1 1 5 .2
1 1 3 .9
1 12.1
1 1 1 .8
1 1 1 .6
1 1 2 .0
I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ......................................................................
1 1 0 .7
1 1 0 .9
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .8
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .2
1 1 2 .9
1 1 3 .5
1 1 3 .9
1 1 4 .4
1 1 5 .2
1 1 5 .7
1 1 6 .2
Nonfarm business
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...................................................
1 1 0 .5
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .0
1 1 3 .4
1 1 5 .6
1 1 4 .5
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .7
1 1 7 .4
1 1 7 .4
1 1 8 .0
1 1 8 .8
1 1 9 .8
1 2 0 .9
122 .1
1 2 3 .4
1 2 5 .0
1 2 6 .3
1 2 8 .4
1 3 0 .7
1 3 3 .0
1 3 5 .9
1 3 7 .6
1 3 9 .2
1 4 0 .7
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r .......................................................
1 0 4 .5
105 .1
1 0 5 .6
1 0 6 .0
1 0 6 .6
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .6
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .7
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1 .5
1 1 2 .0
1 1 3 .0
U n it la b o r c o s ts ..................................................................................
1 0 8 .4
1 0 8 .6
1 0 9 .0
1 1 0 .2
1 1 0 .2
1 0 9 .3
112 .1
1 1 2 .4
1 1 4 .0
1 1 5 .8
1 1 7 .2
1 1 7 .9
1 1 8 .5
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................................
1 1 5 .7
1 1 5 .8
1 1 6 .7
1 1 5 .8
1 16.1
1 1 8 .6
1 1 6 .0
1 1 6 .7
1 1 5 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 13 .1
1 1 3 .0
1 1 3 .3
I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ......................................................................
1 1 1 .0
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .8
1 1 2 .2
1 1 2 .4
1 1 2 .7
1 1 3 .5
1 1 4 .0
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .9
1 1 5 .7
1 1 6 .1
1 1 6 .6
Nonfinancial corporations
1 13.1
1 1 3 .7
1 1 4 .6
1 1 5 .3
1 1 6 .6
1 1 8 .3
1 1 7 .7
1 1 9 .7
1 2 0 .9
1 2 1 .4
1 2 1 .5
1 2 2 .6
—
1 1 6 .7
1 1 7 .8
1 1 9 .0
1 2 0 .3
1 2 1 .8
1 2 3 .0
1 2 4 .7
1 2 7 .2
1 2 9 .3
1 3 2 .3
1 34.1
1 3 6 .1
_
1 0 1 .8
1 0 2 .4
1 0 3 .0
1 0 3 .3
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .2
1 0 4 .5
1 0 5 .8
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .7
1 0 9 .5
-
1 0 2 .5
1 0 3 .2
1 0 3 .2
1 0 3 .7
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .9
1 0 5 .9
1 0 6 .0
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .2
1 0 9 .6
1 1 0 .6
—
U n it la b o r c o s ts ...............................................................................
1 0 3 .2
1 0 3 .6
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .5
1 0 4 .0
1 0 6 .0
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .9
1 0 9 .0
1 1 0 .3
1 1 1 .1
-
U n it n o n la b o r c o s t s .......................................................................
1 0 0 .7
1 02.1
1 0 1 .3
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .9
1 0 3 .4
1 0 5 .5
1 0 5 .3
1 0 5 .6
1 0 6 .0
1 0 7 .5
1 0 9 .3
-
1 5 2 .0
1 4 5 .3
1 5 0 .6
1 4 8 .6
1 4 4 .4
1 4 7 .0
1 3 4 .3
1 3 7 .8
1 3 3 .8
1 1 8 .5
1 0 9 .2
1 0 5 .6
-
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................................
1 1 3 .8
1 13.1
1 1 3 .9
1 1 4 .0
1 1 3 .5
1 1 4 .5
1 1 2 .9
1 1 3 .6
1 1 2 .8
1 0 9 .2
1 0 7 .9
1 0 8 .4
-
I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ......................................................................
1 0 6 .7
1 0 6 .8
1 0 7 .2
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .9
1 0 9 .0
1 0 9 .5
1 1 0 .2
1 2 5 .7
1 2 6 .8
1 2 8 .9
1 3 0 .2
1 3 1 .9
1 3 5 .0
1 3 5 .2
1 3 7 .3
1 3 9 .4
1 4 1 .3
1 4 0 .0
1 4 0 .3
1 1 8 .0
1 1 9 .0
1 1 9 .9
1 2 1 .2
1 2 2 .8
1 24.1
1 2 5 .9
128 .1
1 3 1 .2
1 3 5 .2
1 3 7 .2
1 3 9 .3
1 41 .1
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......................................................
1 0 3 .0
1 0 3 .4
1 0 3 .7
104 .1
1 0 4 .7
1 0 5 .2
1 0 5 .5
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .3
1 1 0 .7
1 1 1 .3
1 1 2 .1
1 1 3 .3
U n it la b o r c o s ts .................................................................................
9 3 .9
9 3 .9
9 3 .0
9 3.1
9 3.1
9 1 .9
9 3 .2
9 3 .3
9 4.1
9 5 .7
9 8 .0
9 9 .3
1 0 0 .3
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......................................................
Manufacturing
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...................................................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
1 4 0 .7
December 2001
95
Current Labor S tatistics:
40.
Productivity Data
A n n u a l in d e x e s o f m u ltifa c to r p ro d u c tiv ity a n d re la te d m e a s u re s , s e le c te d y e a rs
[1 9 9 6 = 100, u n le s s o th e rw is e in d ic a te d ]
Item
1960
1970
1980
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Private business
P r o d u c tiv ity :
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ................................................
4 5 .6
6 3 .0
7 5 .8
9 0 .2
9 1 .3
9 4 .8
9 5 .4
9 6 .6
9 7 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .0
1 0 4 .8
O u t p u t p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e r v ic e s ........................................
1 1 0 .4
1 11.1
1 0 1 .5
9 9 .3
96.1
9 7 .7
9 8 .5
1 0 0 .3
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .5
1 00 .1
M u lt ifa c to r p r o d u c t iv it y ................................................................
6 5 .2
8 0 .0
8 8 .3
9 5 .3
9 4 .4
9 6 .6
97.1
98.1
9 8 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 01 .1
1 0 2 .6
O u t p u t .....................................................................................................
2 7 .5
4 2 .0
5 9 .4
8 3 .6
8 2 .6
8 5 .7
8 8 .5
9 2 .8
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 5 .2
1 1 0 .6
In p u ts :
L a b o r in p u t ........................................................................................
5 4 .0
6 1 .0
7 1 .9
8 9 .4
8 8 .3
8 9 .3
9 1 .8
9 5 .6
9 8 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .7
1 0 6 .4
C a p ita l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................................
2 4 .9
3 7 .8
5 8 .6
8 4 .2
8 6 .0
8 7 .7
8 9 .8
9 2 .6
9 6 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .7
1 1 0 .4
C o m b in e d u n its o f la b o r a n d c a p ita l In p u t........................
4 2 .3
5 2 .4
6 7 .3
8 7 .7
8 7 .5
8 8 .8
9 1.1
9 4 .6
9 7 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .0
1 0 7 .7
C a p ita l p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ..................................................
4 1 .3
5 6 .7
7 4 .7
9 0 .8
9 5 .0
9 7 .0
9 6 .8
9 6 .3
9 7 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .7
1 0 4 .5
Private nonfarmbusiness
P ro d u c tiv ity :
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ................................................
4 8 .7
6 4 .9
7 7 .3
9 0 .3
9 1 .4
9 4 .8
9 5 .3
9 6 .5
9 7 .5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .7
O u t p u t p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e r v ic e s ........................................
1 20 .1
1 1 8 .3
1 0 5 .7
1 0 0 .0
9 6 .6
9 7 .9
9 8 .8
1 0 0 .3
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .2
9 9 .8
M u ltifa c to r p r o d u c t iv it y ................................................................
6 9.1
8 2 .6
9 0 .5
9 5 .6
9 4 .7
9 6 .6
97.1
9 8.1
9 8 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .9
1 0 2 .4
O u t p u t .....................................................................................................
2 7 .2
4 1 .9
5 9 .6
8 3 .5
8 2 .5
8 5 .5
8 8 .4
9 2 .6
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 05 .1
1 1 0 .6
L a b o r In p u t .........................................................................................
5 0.1
5 9 .3
7 0 .7
8 9 .2
8 8 .0
8 9 .0
9 1 .8
9 5 .4
In p u ts :
9 7 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .8
1 0 6 .6
C a p ita l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................................
2 2 .6
3 5 .5
5 6 .4
8 3 .5
8 5 .4
8 7 .3
8 9 .5
9 2 .3
9 5 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .9
1 1 0 .8
C o m b in e d u n its o f la b o r a n d c a p ita l in p u t ........................
3 9 .3
5 0 .7
6 5 .9
8 7 .3
87.1
8 8 .4
9 1 .0
9 4 .4
9 7 .2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .2
1 0 8 .0
C a p ita l p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ..................................................
4 0 .5
5 4 .8
7 3.1
9 0 .3
9 4 .7
9 6 .8
9 6 .5
9 6 .3
9 7 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .7
Manufacturing (1992 = 100)
P ro d u c tiv ity :
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...............................................
4 1 .8
5 4 .2
7 0.1
9 2 .8
9 5 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 5 .0
1 0 9 .0
1 1 2 .8
1 17 .1
1 2 4 .3
O u t p u t p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e r v ic e s ........................................
1 2 4 .3
1 1 6 .5
1 0 0 .9
1 0 1 .6
9 7 .5
1 0 0 .0
101 .1
1 0 4 .0
1 0 5 .0
1 0 4 .5
1 0 5 .6
1 0 6 .5
M u ltifa c to r p r o d u c t iv it y ................................................................
7 2 .7
8 4 .4
8 6 .6
9 9 .3
9 8 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .4
1 0 2 .6
1 0 5 .0
1 06 .1
1 0 9 .8
1 1 3 .2
O u t p u t .....................................................................................................
3 8 .5
5 6 .5
7 5 .3
9 7 .3
9 5 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .3
1 0 8 .7
1 1 3 .4
1 1 6 .9
1 2 3 .5
1 3 0 .7
1 0 0 .4
In p u ts :
H o u r s o f a ll p e r s o n s ......................................................................
9 2 .0
1 0 4 .2
1 0 7 .5
1 0 4 .8
1 0 1 .4
1 0 3 .6
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .7
1 0 5 .5
1 0 5 .2
C a p ita l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................................
3 0 .9
4 8 .5
7 4 .7
9 5 .8
9 7 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .2
1 0 4 .5
1 0 8 .0
1 1 1 .9
1 1 6 .9
1 2 2 .8
E n e r g y .................................................................................................
5 1 .3
8 5 .4
9 2 .5
9 9 .9
1 00.1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 7 .3
1 0 9 .5
1 0 3 .9
1 0 9 .2
N o n e n e r g y m a t e r ia ls ....................................................................
3 8 .2
4 4 .8
7 5 .0
9 2 .5
9 3 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 5 .7
1 1 1 .3
1 1 2 .8
1 2 0 .4
1 2 0 .4
1 2 7 .2
P u r c h a s e d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ..................................................
2 8 .2
4 8 .8
7 3 .7
9 2 .5
92.1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .0
1 05 .1
1 1 0 .0
1 0 8 .9
1 1 4 .2
1 1 6 .8
C o m b in e d u n its o f a ll f a c t o r in p u ts ........................................
5 2 .9
6 7 .0
8 7 .0
9 8 .0
9 7 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .9
1 0 6 .0
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .2
1 1 2 .5
1 1 5 .5
Digitized for 96
FRASER
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
1 0 7 .0
41.
A n n u a l in d e x e s o f p ro d u c tiv ity , h ou rly c o m p e n s a tio n , unit costs, a n d p ric e s, s e le c te d y e a rs
[1992 = 100]
Item
1960
1970
1980
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Business
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...................................................
4 8 .8
6 7 .0
8 0 .4
9 5 .2
9 6 .3
1 0 0 .5
1 0 1 .9
1 0 2 .6
1 0 5 .4
1 0 7 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 1 3 .8
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r ................................................................
1 3 .7
2 3 .5
5 4 .2
9 0 .7
9 5 .0
1 0 2 .5
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .7
110 .1
1 1 3 .5
1 1 9 .6
1 2 5 .1
1 3 2 .8
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......................................................
6 0 .0
7 8 .9
8 9 .4
9 6 .5
9 7 .5
9 9 .9
9 9 .7
9 9 .3
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .6
1 0 4 .6
1 0 7 .1
1 1 0 .1
U n it la b o r c o s t s ..................................................................................
2 8 .0
3 5.1
6 7 .4
9 5 .3
9 8 .7
1 0 1 .9
1 0 2 .6
1 04.1
1 0 4 .5
1 0 5 .3
1 0 8 .0
1 0 9 .9
1 1 3 .6
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................................
2 5 .2
3 1 .6
6 1 .5
9 3 .9
9 7 .0
1 0 2 .5
1 0 6 .4
1 0 9 .4
1 1 3 .3
1 17 .1
1 15 .1
1 15 .1
1 1 3 .9
I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ......................................................................
2 7 .0
3 3 .9
6 5 .2
9 4 .8
9 8.1
1 0 2 .2
1 0 4 .0
1 0 6 .0
1 0 7 .7
1 0 9 .7
1 1 0 .6
1 1 1 .8
1 1 3 .7
1 1 6 .9
Nonfarmbusiness
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...................................................
5 1 .9
6 8 .9
8 2 .0
9 5 .3
9 6 .4
1 0 0 .5
1 0 1 .8
1 0 2 .8
1 0 5 .4
1 0 7 .5
1 1 0 .4
1 1 3 .2
1 1 6 .2
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r ................................................................
1 4 .3
2 3 .7
5 4 .6
9 0 .5
9 5 .0
1 0 2 .2
1 0 4 .3
1 0 6 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 13 .1
1 1 9 .0
1 2 4 .2
1 3 2 .0
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......................................................
6 2 .8
7 9 .5
9 0 .0
9 6 .3
9 7 .5
9 9 .6
9 9 .5
9 9 .2
9 9 .4
1 0 0 .2
1 0 4 .0
1 0 6 .4
1 0 9 .4
U n it la b o r c o s t s ..................................................................................
2 7 .5
3 4 .4
6 6 .5
9 5 .0
9 8 .5
1 0 1 .7
1 0 2 .5
1 0 3 .7
1 0 4 .2
1 0 5 .2
1 0 7 .7
1 0 9 .7
1 1 3 .6
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................................
2 4 .6
3 1 .3
6 0 .5
9 3 .6
9 7.1
1 0 3 .0
1 0 6 .9
1 1 0 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 1 8 .0
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .8
1 1 5 .4
I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ......................................................................
2 6 .5
3 3 .3
6 4 .3
9 4 .5
9 8 .0
1 0 2 .2
104 .1
106 .1
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 1 2 .3
1 1 4 .2
Nonfinancial corporations
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll e m p lo y e e s ............................................
5 5 .4
7 0 .4
81.1
9 5 .4
9 7 .7
1 0 0 .7
103 .1
1 0 4 .2
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .4
1 1 2 .3
1 1 6 .2
1 1 9 .9
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r ................................................................
1 5 .6
2 5 .3
5 6 .4
9 0 .8
9 5 .3
1 0 2 .0
1 0 4 .2
1 0 6 .2
1 0 9 .0
1 1 0 .3
1 1 5 .9
1 21 .1
1 2 8 .3
R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......................................................
6 8 .3
8 4 .7
93.1
9 6 .7
9 7 .8
9 9 .5
9 9 .4
9 8 .8
9 8 .7
9 7 .8
1 0 1 .3
1 0 3 .7
1 0 6 .4
T o ta l u n it c o s ts ..................................................................................
2 6 .8
3 4 .8
6 8 .4
9 5 .9
9 8 .8
1 0 1 .0
1 01 .1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .2
1 0 1 .5
1 0 2 .6
1 0 3 .7
1 0 6 .7
U n it la b o r c o s ts ...............................................................................
2 8 .1
3 5 .9
6 9 .6
9 5 .2
9 7 .5
1 0 7 .0
1 0 1 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 1 .4
1 0 1 .8
1 0 3 .2
1 0 4 .2
U n it n o n la b o r c o s ts .......................................................................
2 3 .3
3 1 .9
65.1
9 8 .0
1 02.1
1 0 0 .2
1 0 1 .3
1 0 2 .2
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .9
1 0 1 .2
1 0 2 .5
1 0 5 .6
U n it p r o fits ...........................................................................................
5 0 .2
4 4 .4
6 8 .8
9 4 .3
9 3 .0
1 1 3 .2
1 0 1 .3
1 3 1 .7
1 3 9 .0
1 5 2 .2
1 5 6 .9
1 4 8 .9
1 4 7 .6
1 3 1 .0
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................ ...............
3 0 .2
3 5 .1
6 6 .0
97.1
9 9 .7
1 0 3 .5
1 0 9 .0
1 1 1 .6
1 1 3 .8
1 1 5 .2
1 1 3 .4
1 1 4 .0
1 1 2 .1
Im p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ......................................................................
2 8 .8
3 5 .6
6 8 .4
9 5 .8
9 8 .3
102 .1
1 0 3 .7
1 05 .1
1 0 5 .5
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .6
1 0 7 .4
1 0 8 .7
Manufacturing
O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ...................................................
4 1 .8
5 4 .2
7 0.1
9 2 .8
9 5 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 9 .0
1 1 2 .8
1 17.1
1 2 4 .3
1 2 9 .6
4 6 .3
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r ................................................................
1 4 .9
2 3 .7
5 5 .6
9 0 .8
9 5 .6
1 0 2 .7
1 0 5 .6
1 0 7 .9
1 0 9 .3
1 1 1 .4
1 1 7 .3
1 2 2 .0
1 3 0 .1
R e a l c o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r .......................................................
6 5 .2
7 9 .5
9 1 .7
9 6 .6
98.1
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .8
1 0 0 .4
9 9 .0
1 0 5 .0
1 0 4 .5
1 0 7 .8
U n it la b o r c o s ts ..................................................................................
3 5 .6
4 3 .8
7 9 .3
9 7 .8
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .8
1 0 0 .7
9 9 .0
9 6 .9
95.1
9 4 .4
9 4 .1
9 4 .1
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ................................................. ..............
2 6 .8
2 9 .3
8 0 .2
9 9 .7
9 9 .0
1 0 0 .9
1 0 2 .8
1 0 6 .9
1 0 9 .9
1 0 9 .6
9 8 .8
1 0 4 .4
1 0 2 .6
1 0 5 .5
_
I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r .......................................................................
3 0 .2
3 4 .9
7 9 .8
9 9 .0
9 9 .6
1 0 0 .9
1 0 2 .0
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .9
1 0 4 .0
1 0 0 .5
1 0 1 .1
-
D a s h in d ic a te s d a t a n o t a v a ila b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
97
Current Labor S tatistics:
P roductivity Data
4 2 . A n n u a l in d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r h o u r f o r s e le c t e d 3 - d ig it SIC in d u s t r ie s
[1987 = 100]_________________________
Industry
SIC
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1 5 9 .8
1 6 0 .8
1 4 4 .2
1 3 8 .3
1 5 8 .5
1 8 7 .6
2 0 0 .0
Mining
C o p p e r o r e s ...............................................................................
102
102 7
m n f>
115 ?
G o ld a n d s ilv e r o r e s ...............................................................
104
1 2 2 .3
1 2 7 .4
1 4 1 .6
1UO.O
B itu m in o u s c o a l a n d lig n ite m in in g ................................
122
1 1 8 .7
1 2 2 .4
1 3 3 .0
1 4 1 .2
148 .1
1 5 5 .9
1 6 8 .0
1 7 6 .6
1 8 8 .0
1 9 2 .2
C r u d e p e tr o le u m a n d n a tu r a l g a s ...................................
131
9 7 .0
9 7 .9
102 .1
1 0 5 .9
1 1 2 .4
1 1 9 .4
1 2 3 .9
1 2 5 .2
1 2 7 .4
1 3 2 .3
C r u s h e d a n d b r o k e n s t o n e ................................................
142
1 0 2 .2
9 9 .8
1 0 5 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 8 .7
1 0 5 .4
1 0 7 .2
1 1 2 .6
1 1 0 .2
1 0 4 .8
Manufacturing
M e a t p r o d u c t s ...........................................................................
201
97.1
9 9 .6
1 0 4 .6
1 0 4 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 2 .3
9 7 .4
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .3
D a ir y p r o d u c t s ..........................................................................
202
1 0 7 .3
1 0 8 .3
1 1 1 .4
1 0 9 .6
1 1 1 .8
1 1 6 .4
1 1 6 .0
1 1 9 .3
1 1 9 .3
1 14 .1
P r e s e r v e d f r u its a n d v e g e t a b le s .......................................
203
9 5 .6
9 9 .2
1 0 0 .5
1 0 6 .8
1 0 7 .6
1 09.1
1 0 9 .2
1 1 0 .7
1 1 7 .8
1 2 0 .0
G r a in m ill p r o d u c t s ..................................................................
204
1 0 5 .4
1 0 4 .9
1 0 7 .8
1 0 9 .2
1 0 8 .4
1 1 5 .4
1 0 8 .0
1 1 8 .2
1 2 6 .2
1 3 0 .4
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s .......................................................................
205
9 2 .7
9 0 .6
9 3 .8
9 4 .4
9 6 .4
9 7 .3
9 5 .6
9 9.1
1 0 0 .8
1 0 7 .5
1 0 2 .2
S u g a r a n d c o n f e c tio n e r y p r o d u c ts ..................................
206
1 0 3 .2
1 0 2 .0
9 9 .8
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 1 3 .8
1 1 6 .7
1 2 3 .0
1 3 0 .0
F a ts a n d o ils ...............................................................................
207
1 18 .1
120 .1
1 14.1
1 1 2 .6
1 1 1 .8
1 2 0 .3
1 10 .1
1 2 0 .2
1 3 7 .3
1 56 .1
B e v e r a g e s ...................................................................................
208
1 1 7 .0
1 2 0 .0
1 27.1
1 2 6 .4
1 30.1
1 3 3 .5
1 3 5 .0
1 3 5 .5
1 3 6 .4
1 3 2 .4
M is c e lla n e o u s fo o d a n d k in d r e d p ro d u c ts ..................
209
9 9 .2
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .5
1 0 5 .2
1 0 0 .9
1 0 2 .9
109 .1
1 04.1
1 1 2 .7
1 1 6 .3
C ig a r e tt e s ...................................................................................
2 11
1 1 3 .2
1 0 7 .6
1 1 1 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 2 6 .6
1 4 2 .9
1 4 7 .2
1 4 7 .2
1 5 2 .2
1 3 5 .8
1 3 8 .7
B r o a d w o v e n fa b r ic m ills , c o tt o n .......................................
2 21
1 03.1
1 1 1 .2
1 1 0 .3
1 1 7 .8
1 22.1
1 3 4 .0
1 3 7 .3
1 3 1 .2
1 3 6 .2
B r o a d w o v e n f a b r ic m ills , m a n m a d e ..............................
222
1 1 1 .3
1 1 6 .2
1 2 6 .2
1 3 1 .7
1 4 2 .5
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .6
1 6 2 .2
1 6 8 .6
1 7 1 .9
N a r r o w f a b r ic m ills .................................................................
224
9 6 .5
9 9 .6
1 1 2 .9
1 1 1 .4
1 20.1
1 1 8 .9
1 2 6 .3
1 1 0 .8
1 1 7 .7
1 2 2 .4
K n ittin g m ills ...............................................................................
225
1 0 7 .5
1 1 4 .0
1 1 9 .3
1 2 7 .9
1 34.1
1 3 8 .3
1 5 0 .3
1 3 8 .0
1 3 5 .9
1 4 4 .8
T e x tile fin is h in g , e x c e p t w o o l.............................................
226
8 3 .4
7 9 .9
7 8 .6
7 9 .3
8 1 .2
7 8 .5
7 9 .2
9 4 .3
9 9.1
1 0 1 .0
C a r p e ts a n d r u g s .....................................................................
227
9 3 .2
8 9 .2
96.1
9 7.1
9 3 .3
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .3
1 0 2 .3
9 7 .8
Y a r n a n d th r e a d m ills .............................................................
228
1 1 0 .2
1 1 1 .4
1 1 9 .6
1 2 6 .6
1 3 0 .7
1 3 7 .4
1 4 7 .4
1 5 0 .4
1 5 3 .0
1 6 9 .5
M is c e lla n e o u s t e x tile g o o d s ..............................................
229
1 0 9 .2
1 0 4 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 1 0 .4
1 1 8 .5
1 2 3 .7
1 23.1
1 1 8 .7
120 .1
1 2 7 .0
M e n 's a n d b o y s ' f u r n is h in g s ..............................................
232
1 02 .1
1 0 8 .4
1 09.1
1 0 8 .4
1 1 1 .7
1 2 3 .4
1 3 4 .7
1 62.1
1 7 4 .7
1 8 7 .0
W o m e n 's a n d m is s e s ' o u t e r w e a r .....................................
233
104 .1
1 0 4 .3
1 0 9 .4
1 2 1 .8
1 2 7 .4
1 3 5 .5
1 4 1 .6
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 7 4 .5
W o m e n 's a n d c h ild r e n 's u n d e r g a r m e n ts .....................
234
102 .1
1 1 3 .7
1 1 7 .4
1 2 4 .5
1 3 8 .0
1 6 1 .3
1 7 4 .5
2 0 8 .9
2 1 6 .4
2 9 3 .0
H a ts , c a p s , a n d m illin e r y ......................................................
235
8 9 .2
9 1.1
9 3 .6
8 7 .2
7 7 .7
8 4 .3
8 2 .2
87.1
9 9 .5
1 0 8 .7
M is c e lla n e o u s a p p a r e l a n d a c c e s s o r ie s .......................
238
9 0 .6
9 1 .8
9 1 .3
9 4 .0
1 0 5 .5
1 1 6 .8
1 20.1
1 0 1 .4
1 0 7 .7
1 0 5 .8
M is c e lla n e o u s f a b r ic a t e d t e x tile p r o d u c ts ...................
239
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .7
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .5
1 0 7 .8
1 0 9 .2
1 0 5 .6
1 1 9 .2
1 1 7 .2
1 2 9 .2
S a w m ills a n d p la n in g m i lls ..................................................
242
9 9 .8
1 0 2 .6
108 .1
1 0 1 .9
1 0 3 .3
1 1 0 .2
1 1 5 .6
1 1 6 .9
1 1 8 .7
1 2 5 .4
M illw o r k , p ly w o o d , a n d s tr u c tu r a l m e m b e r s ..............
243
9 8 .0
9 8 .0
9 9 .9
9 7 .0
9 4 .5
9 2 .7
9 2 .4
8 9.1
9 1 .3
9 0 .7
W o o d c o n t a in e r s ......................................................................
244
1 1 1 .2
1 13.1
1 0 9 .4
100 .1
1 0 0 .9
1 06.1
1 0 6 .7
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .6
1 0 5 .0
W o o d b u ild in g s a n d m o b ile h o m e s ................................
245
1 03.1
1 0 3 .0
1 03.1
1 0 3 .8
9 8 .3
9 7 .0
9 6 .7
1 0 0 .3
9 9 .2
96.Ì3
M is c e lla n e o u s w o o d p r o d u c t s ...........................................
249
1 0 7 .7
1 1 0 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 5 .3
1 1 1 .8
1 1 5 .4
1 1 4 .4
1 2 3 .4
1 3 1 .2
1 4 1 .3
H o u s e h o ld f u r n itu r e ................................................................
2 51
1 0 4 .5
107 .1
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .6
1 1 2 .5
1 1 6 .9
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .3
1 2 5 .8
1 2 8 .7
O ffic e f u r n itu r e ..........................................................................
252
9 5 .0
9 4.1
1 0 2 .5
1 0 3 .2
1 0 0 .5
1 01.1
1 0 6 .4
1 1 8 .3
113 .1
1 0 9 .8
P u b lic b u ild in g a n d re la te d f u r n itu r e ..............................
253
1 1 9 .8
1 2 0 .2
1 4 0 .6
1 6 1 .0
1 5 7 .4
1 7 3 .3
1 8 1 .5
2 1 4 .9
2 0 7 .6
2 1 0 .9
P a r titio n s a n d f ix t u r e s ...........................................................
254
9 5 .6
9 3 .0
1 0 2 .7
1 0 7 .4
9 8 .9
1 0 1 .2
9 7 .5
1 21 .1
1 2 5 .6
1 2 7 .0
M is c e lla n e o u s fu r n itu r e a n d f ix t u r e s ..............................
259
1 0 3 .5
102 .1
9 9 .5
1 0 3 .6
1 0 4 .7
1 1 0 .0
1 1 3 .2
1 1 0 .7
1 2 1 .9
1 2 2 .7
P u lp m ills .....................................................................................
2 61
1 1 6 .7
1 2 8 .3
1 3 7 .3
1 2 2 .5
1 2 8 .9
1 3 1 .9
1 3 2 .6
8 2 .3
8 6 .6
8 8 .4
P a p e r m ills ..................................................................................
262
1 0 2 .3
9 9 .2
1 0 3 .3
1 0 2 .4
1 1 0 .2
1 1 8 .6
1 1 1 .6
1 1 2 .0
1 1 4 .9
1 2 2 .7
P a p e r b o a r d m ills ......................................................................
263
1 0 0 .6
1 0 1 .4
1 0 4 .4
1 0 8 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 9 .5
1 1 8 .0
1 2 6 .7
1 2 7 .8
1 3 1 .0
P a p e r b o a r d c o n t a in e r s a n d b o x e s ..................................
265
1 0 1 .3
1 0 3 .4
1 0 5 .2
1 0 7 .9
1 0 8 .4
105 .1
1 0 6 .3
1 0 9 .7
1 1 3 .5
1 1 3 .5
M is c e lla n e o u s c o n v e r te d p a p e r p r o d u c ts ...................
267
1 0 1 .4
1 0 5 .3
1 0 5 .5
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .6
1 1 3 .3
1 1 3 .6
1 1 9 .5
1 2 2 .9
1 2 7 .3
N e w s p a p e r s ...............................................................................
2 71
9 0 .6
8 5 .8
8 1 .5
7 9 .4
7 9 .9
7 9 .0
7 7 .4
7 9 .0
8 3 .6
8 6 .3
P e r io d ic a ls ...................................................................................
272
9 3 .9
8 9 .5
9 2 .9
8 9 .5
8 1 .9
8 7 .8
8 9.1
1 1 5 .0
1 15 .1
100 .1
B o o k s .............................................................................................
273
9 6 .6
1 0 0 .8
9 7 .7
1 0 3 .5
1 0 3 .0
1 0 1 .6
9 9 .3
1 0 2 .6
1 0 1 .0
1 0 5 .4
M is c e lla n e o u s p u b lis h in g .....................................................
274
9 2 .2
9 5 .9
1 0 5 .8
1 0 4 .5
9 7 .5
9 4 .8
9 3 .6
1 1 4 .5
1 1 9 .5
1 2 8 .3
C o m m e r c ia l p r in t in g ..............................................................
275
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .0
1 0 8 .0
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .5
1 0 7 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .9
1 1 5 .2
M a n ifo ld b u s in e s s f o r m s ......................................................
276
9 3 .0
8 9.1
9 4 .5
91.1
8 2 .0
7 6 .9
7 5 .2
7 7 .9
7 6 .7
7 3 .6
G r e e t in g c a r d s ...........................................................................
277
1 0 0 .6
9 2 .7
9 6 .7
9 1 .4
8 9 .0
9 2 .5
9 0 .8
9 2 .2
1 0 4 .2
1 0 3 .9
B la n k b o o k s a n d b o o k b in d in g .............................................
278
9 9 .4
9 6.1
1 0 3 .6
9 8 .7
1 0 5 .4
1 0 8 .7
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 6 .4
1 2 3 .3
1 2 0 .5
P r in tin g t r a d e s e r v ic e s ...........................................................
279
9 9 .3
1 0 0 .6
1 1 2 .0
1 1 5 .3
1 1 1 .0
1 1 6 .7
1 2 6 .2
1 2 3 .3
1 2 6 .7
I n d u s tr ia l in o r g a n ic c h e m ic a ls ...........................................
281
1 0 6 .8
1 0 9 .7
1 0 9 .7
1 0 5 .6
1 0 2 .3
1 0 9 .3
110 .1
1 1 6 .8
1 4 5 .8
1 7 0 .7
P la s tic s m a te r ia ls a n d s y n th e tic s .....................................
282
1 0 0 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 7 .5
1 1 2 .0
1 2 5 .3
1 2 8 .3
1 2 5 .3
1 3 5 .4
1 4 2 .2
1 4 5 .7
D r u g s .............................................................................................
283
1 0 3 .8
1 0 4 .5
9 9 .5
9 9 .7
1 0 4 .6
1 0 8 .7
1 1 2 .5
1 1 2 .4
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .8
S o a p s , c le a n e r s , a n d t o i le t g o o d s ...................................
284
1 0 3 .8
1 0 5 .3
1 0 4 .4
1 0 8 .7
1 1 1 .2
1 1 8 .6
1 2 0 .9
1 2 6 .4
1 2 2 .7
1 1 6 .8
P a in ts a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ...................................................
285
1 0 6 .3
1 0 4 .3
1 0 2 .9
1 0 8 .8
1 1 6 .7
1 1 8 .0
1 2 5 .6
1 2 6 .4
1 2 6 .8
1 2 5 .6
In d u s tr ia l o r g a n ic c h e m ic a ls ..............................................
286
1 0 1 .4
9 5 .8
9 4 .6
9 2 .2
9 9 .9
9 8 .6
9 9 .0
1 1 1 .2
1 0 5 .7
1 1 1 .3
A g r ic u ltu r a l c h e m ic a ls ...........................................................
287
1 0 4 .7
9 9 .5
9 9 .5
1 0 3 .8
1 0 5 .0
1 0 8 .5
1 1 0 .0
1 1 9 .8
1 1 7 .5
1 0 6 .9
S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f ta b le .
Monthly Labor Review
Digitized for98
FRASER
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
42.
C o n tin u e d — A n n u a l in d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r h o u r fo r s e le c te d 3 -d ig it SIC in d u s trie s
[1987
=
100]
Industry
SIC
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1 28 .1
M is c e lla n e o u s c h e m ic a l p r o d u c ts ...................................
289
9 7 .3
96.1
1 0 1 .8
1 07 .1
1 0 5 .7
1 0 7 .8
1 10.1
1 2 0 .3
1 2 0 .6
P e tr o le u m r e fin in g ..................................................................
291
1 0 9 .2
1 0 6 .6
1 1 1 .3
1 20 .1
1 2 3 .8
1 3 2 .3
1 4 2 .0
1 4 9 .2
1 5 5 .7
1 6 9 .5
A s p h a lt p a v in g a n d ro o fin g m a te r ia ls ...........................
295
9 8 .0
94.1
1 0 0 .4
1 0 8 .0
1 0 4 .9
1 1 1 .2
1 13.1
1 23.1
1 2 4 .7
1 1 5 .7
M is c e lla n e o u s p e tro le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c ts .............
299
9 4 .8
9 0 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .2
9 6 .3
8 7 .4
8 7 .1
9 6 .5
9 8 .5
9 0 .7
T ir e s a n d in n e r t u b e s .............................................................
301
1 0 3 .0
1 0 2 .4
1 0 7 .8
1 1 6 .5
1 24.1
131 .1
1 3 8 .8
1 49.1
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .5
H o s e a n d b e ltin g a n d g a s k e ts a n d p a c k in g ...............
305
96.1
9 2 .4
9 7 .8
9 9 .7
1 0 2 .7
1 0 4 .6
1 0 7 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 1 2 .7
1 1 4 .0
F a b r ic a te d ru b b e r p ro d u c ts , n .e .c ..................................
306
1 0 9 .0
1 0 9 .9
1 1 5 .2
1 23.1
1 19.1
1 2 1 .5
1 2 1 .0
1 2 5 .3
1 3 2 .3
1 4 0 .8
M is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p ro d u c ts , n .e .c ........................
308
1 0 5 .7
1 0 8 .3
1 1 4 .4
1 1 6 .7
1 2 0 .8
1 2 1 .0
1 2 4 .7
1 2 9 .9
1 3 3 .8
1 4 1 .2
F o o tw e a r , e x c e p t r u b b e r .....................................................
314
1 01.1
9 4 .4
1 0 4 .2
1 0 5 .2
1 1 3 .0
1 17 .1
1 26 .1
1 2 1 .4
1 1 0 .9
1 3 1 .6
F la t g la s s .....................................................................................
321
8 4 .5
8 3 .6
9 2 .7
9 7 .7
9 7 .6
9 9 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 7 .6
1 1 4 .0
1 2 7 .7
1 4 3 .6
G la s s a n d g la s s w a r e , p r e s s e d o r b lo w n .....................
322
1 0 4 .8
1 0 2 .3
1 0 8 .9
1 0 8 .7
1 1 2 .9
1 1 5 .7
1 2 1 .4
1 2 8 .3
1 3 5 .2
P ro d u c ts o f p u r c h a s e d g la s s .............................................
323
9 2 .6
9 7 .7
1 0 1 .5
1 0 6 .2
1 0 5 .9
1 06.1
1 2 2 .0
1 25 .1
1 2 2 .0
1 3 4 .0
C e m e n t, h y d r a u lic ...................................................................
324
1 1 2 .4
1 0 8 .3
115 .1
1 1 9 .9
1 2 5 .6
1 2 4 .3
1 2 8 .7
1 33 .1
1 34 .1
1 3 9 .6
S tr u c tu r a l c la y p ro d u c ts ......................................................
325
1 0 9 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 1 1 .4
1 0 6 .8
1 1 4 .0
1 1 2 .6
1 1 9 .6
1 1 1 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 2 4 .0
P o tte r y a n d re la te d p r o d u c ts .............................................
326
9 8 .6
9 5 .8
9 9 .5
1 0 0 .3
1 0 8 .4
1 0 9 .3
1 1 9 .3
1 2 3 .2
1 27 .1
1 2 0 .8
C o n c r e te , g y p s u m , a n d p la s te r p r o d u c ts ...................
327
1 0 2 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 2 .5
1 0 4 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .5
1 0 7 .3
1 0 7 .6
1 1 2 .8
1 1 4 .4
M is c e lla n e o u s n o n m e ta llic m in e ra l p r o d u c ts .............
329
9 5 .4
9 4 .0
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .3
1 0 7 .8
1 1 0 .4
1 1 4 .6
1 1 4 .7
1 1 4 .6
B la s t f u r n a c e a n d b a s ic s te e l p r o d u c ts ........................
331
1 0 9 .7
1 0 7 .8
1 1 7 .0
1 3 3 .6
1 4 2 .4
1 4 2 .6
1 4 7 .5
1 5 5 .0
1 5 1 .0
1 4 8 .9
Iro n a n d s te e l f o u n d r ie s ......................................................
332
1 06 .1
1 0 4 .5
1 0 7 .2
1 12.1
1 1 3 .0
1 1 2 .7
1 1 6 .2
1 2 0 .8
1 21 .1
1 2 6 .2
P r im a r y n o n fe r r o u s m e ta ls ..................................................
333
1 0 2 .3
1 1 0 .7
1 0 1 .9
1 0 7 .9
1 0 5 .3
1 1 1 .0
1 1 0 .8
1 1 2 .0
1 2 5 .8
1 3 1 .2
N o n fe r r o u s r o llin g a n d d r a w in g ........................................
335
9 2 .7
9 1 .0
9 6 .0
9 8 .3
1 0 1 .2
9 9 .2
1 0 4 .0
1 1 1 .3
1 1 5 .2
1 2 2 .7
N o n fe r r o u s fo u n d r ie s (c a s tin g s ) ......................................
336
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 3 .6
1 0 8 .5
112 .1
1 1 7 .8
1 2 2 .3
1 2 7 .0
1 3 1 .5
1 3 0 .8
M is c e lla n e o u s p rim a ry m e ta l p r o d u c ts ........................
339
1 1 3 .7
109 .1
1 1 4 .5
1 1 1 .3
1 3 4 .5
1 5 2 .2
1 4 9 .6
1 3 6 .2
1 4 0 .0
1 5 0 .4
M e ta l c a n s a n d s h ip p in g c o n ta in e r s ...............................
341
1 1 7 .6
1 2 2 .9
1 2 7 .8
1 3 2 .3
1 4 0 .9
1 4 4 .2
1 5 5 .2
1 6 0 .3
1 6 3 .8
1 6 0 .3
C u tle r y , h a n d to o ls , a n d h a r d w a r e ...................................
342
9 7 .3
9 6 .8
1 00.1
1 0 4 .0
1 0 9 .2
1 1 1 .3
1 1 8 .2
1 1 4 .6
1 1 5 .7
1 2 3 .9
1 2 6 .9
P lu m b in g a n d h e a tin g , e x c e p t e le c tr ic ..........................
343
1 0 2 .6
1 0 2 .0
9 8 .4
1 0 2 .0
1 09.1
1 0 9 .2
1 1 8 .6
1 2 7 .3
1 3 0 .3
F a b r ic a te d s tr u c tu r a l m e ta l p r o d u c ts .............................
344
9 8 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .8
1 0 7 .7
1 0 5 .8
1 0 6 .5
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .7
1 1 2 .7
M e ta l f o r g in g s a n d s ta m p in g s ...........................................
346
9 5 .6
9 2 .9
1 0 3 .7
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .5
1 0 9 .3
1 1 3 .8
1 2 0 .2
1 2 5 .9
1 3 0 .3
M e ta l s e r v ic e s , n .e .c ..............................................................
347
1 0 4 .7
9 9 .4
1 1 1 .6
1 2 0 .6
1 2 3 .0
1 2 7 .7
1 2 8 .4
1 2 4 .4
1 2 7 .3
1 2 7 .9
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o rie s , n .e .c ...................................
348
8 2.1
8 1 .5
8 8 .6
8 4 .6
8 3 .6
8 7 .6
8 7 .5
9 3 .7
9 6 .6
9 2 .2
M is c e lla n e o u s fa b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts ...................
349
1 1 0 .3
E n g in e s a n d tu r b in e s .............................................................
9 7 .5
9 7 .4
1 01.1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 3 .2
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .3
1 0 7 .7
1 1 1 .5
351
1 0 6 .5
1 0 5 .8
1 0 3 .3
1 0 9 .2
1 2 2 .3
1 2 2 .7
1 3 6 .6
1 3 6 .9
1 4 5 .9
1 5 1 .2
F a r m a n d g a r d e n m a c h in e r y .............................................
352
1 1 6 .5
1 1 2 .9
1 1 3 .9
1 1 8 .6
1 2 5 .0
1 3 4 .7
1 3 7 .2
1 4 1 .2
1 4 8 .5
1 2 5 .5
C o n s tr u c tio n a n d re la te d m a c h in e r y ..............................
353
1 0 7 .0
99.1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 8 .2
1 1 7 .7
1 22.1
1 2 3 .3
1 3 2 .5
1 3 7 .5
1 3 7 .2
M e t a lw o r k in g m a c h in e r y ......................................................
354
1 01 .1
9 6 .4
1 0 4 .3
1 0 7 .4
1 0 9 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .9
1 1 9 .2
1 1 9 .8
1 2 3 .5
S p e c ia l in d u s try m a c h in e r y ................................................
355
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .3
1 0 6 .0
1 1 3 .6
1 2 1 .2
1 3 2 .3
1 3 4 .0
1 3 1 .7
1 25 .1
1 3 9 .3
G e n e r a l in d u s tria l m a c h in e r y .............................................
356
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .6
1 0 1 .6
1 0 4 .8
1 0 6 .7
1 0 9 .0
1 0 9 .4
1 1 0 .0
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .4
C o m p u t e r a n d o ffic e e q u ip m e n t ......................................
357
138 .1
1 4 9 .6
1 9 5 .7
2 5 8 .6
3 2 8 .6
4 6 9 .4
6 8 1 .3
9 6 0 .2
1 3 5 0 .6
1 8 4 0 .2
R e fr ig e r a tio n a n d s e rv ic e m a c h in e r y .............................
358
1 0 3 .6
1 0 0 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 0 8 .6
1 1 0 .7
1 1 2 .7
1 1 4 .7
1 1 5 .0
1 2 1 .4
1 2 3 .2
In d u s tr ia l m a c h in e ry , n .e .c ..................................................
359
1 0 7 .3
1 0 9 .0
1 1 7 .0
1 1 8 .5
1 2 7 .4
1 3 8 .8
1 4 1 .4
1 2 9 .3
1 2 7 .5
1 3 4 .3
E le c tr ic d is trib u tio n e q u ip m e n t..........................................
361
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .5
1 1 9 .6
1 2 2 .2
1 3 1 .8
1 4 3 .0
1 4 3 .9
1 4 2 .8
1 4 7 .5
1 4 6 .6
E le c tr ic a l in d u s tria l a p p a r a tu s
362
1 0 7 .7
1 07.1
1 17.1
1 3 2 .9
1 3 4 .9
1 5 0 .8
1 5 4 .3
1 6 4 .2
1 6 2 .3
1 6 2 .9
H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s ...........................................................
363
1 0 5 .8
1 0 6 .5
1 1 5 .0
1 2 3 .4
1 3 1 .4
1 2 7 .3
1 2 7 .4
1 4 2 .9
1 5 0 .3
1 5 0 .2
E le c tr ic lig h tin g a n d w ir in g e q u ip m e n t ...........................
364
9 9 .9
9 7 .5
1 0 5 .7
1 0 7 .8
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .7
1 1 6 .9
1 2 1 .8
1 2 9 .2
1 3 2 .4
C o m m u n ic a tio n s e q u ip m e n t ..............................................
366
1 2 3 .8
129.1
1 5 4 .9
1 6 3 .0
1 8 6 .4
2 0 0 .6
2 2 9 .5
2 7 5 .3
2 7 6 .0
3 2 7 .1
1 0 7 .0
E le c tr o n ic c o m p o n e n ts a n d a c c e s s o r ie s .....................
367
1 3 3 .4
1 5 4 .7
1 8 9 .3
2 1 7 .9
2 7 4 .1
4 0 1 .5
5 1 4 .9
6 1 3 .4
7 6 8 .0
M is c e lla n e o u s e le c tr ic a l e q u ip m e n t & s u p p lie s ........
369
9 0 .6
9 8 .6
1 0 1 .3
1 0 8 .2
1 1 0 .5
1 14.1
123 .1
1 2 8 .3
1 3 5 .3
1 4 0 .7
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t..........................................
371
1 0 2 .4
9 6 .6
1 0 4 .2
1 0 6 .2
1 0 8 .8
1 0 6 .7
1 0 7 .2
1 1 6 .3
1 2 5 .2
1 3 6 .5
A ir c r a f t a n d p a r ts .....................................................................
372
9 8 .9
1 0 8 .2
1 1 2 .3
1 1 5 .2
1 0 9 .6
1 0 7 .9
1 1 3 .0
1 1 4 .7
1 40 .1
1 3 9 .6
S h ip a n d b o a t b u ild in g a n d re p a ir in g .............................
373
1 0 3 .7
9 6 .3
1 0 2 .7
1 0 6 .2
1 0 3 .8
9 8 .0
9 9 .2
1 0 5 .3
1 0 2 .0
1 1 2 .6
R a ilr o a d e q u ip m e n t ...............................................................
374
1 41 .1
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .9
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .5
1 5 0 .0
1 4 8 .3
1 8 4 .2
1 89 .1
2 0 5 .1
M o to r c y c le s , b ic y c le s , a n d p a r ts ......................................
375
9 3 .8
9 9 .8
1 0 8 .4
1 3 0 .9
1 25.1
1 2 0 .3
1 2 5 .5
1 2 0 .4
1 2 7 .7
1 2 1 .4
G u id e d m is s ile s , s p a c e v e h ic le s , p a r ts ........................
376
1 1 6 .5
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .5
122 .1
1 1 8 .9
1 2 1 .0
1 2 9 .4
1 3 6 .5
1 4 2 .4
1 5 8 .2
S e a r c h a n d n a v ig a tio n e q u ip m e n t..................................
381
1 1 2 .7
1 1 8 .9
1 22.1
129 .1
1 32.1
1 4 9 .5
1 4 2 .2
1 4 9 .5
1 49 .1
1 3 9 .7
M e a s u r in g a n d c o n tro llin g d e v ic e s ..................................
382
1 0 6 .4
1 13.1
1 1 9 .9
1 2 4 .0
1 3 3 .8
1 4 6 .4
1 5 0 .5
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .5
1 5 2 .9
M e d ic a l in s tr u m e n ts a n d s u p p lie s ...................................
384
1 1 6 .9
1 1 8 .7
1 2 3 .5
1 2 7 .3
1 2 6 .7
1 3 1 .5
1 3 9 .8
1 4 7 .4
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .2
O p h th a lm ic g o o d s ...................................................................
385
.2 1 .2
125.1
1 4 4 .5
1 5 7 .8
1 6 0 .6
1 6 7 .2
1 8 8 .2
1 9 6 .3
1 99 .1
2 2 9 .5
P h o to g r a p h ic e q u ip m e n t & s u p p lie s ..............................
386
1 0 7 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 1 6 .4
1 2 6 .9
1 3 2 .7
1 2 9 .5
1 2 8 .7
1 2 1 .5
1 2 4 .8
1 4 7 .2
J e w e lr y , s ilv e rw a re , a n d p la te d w a r e .............................
391
9 9 .3
9 5 .8
9 6 .7
9 6 .7
9 9 .5
1 0 0 .2
1 0 2 .6
1 1 4 .2
1 13 .1
1 3 3 .9
M u s ic a l in s tr u m e n ts ................................................................
393
9 7.1
9 6 .9
9 6 .0
9 5 .6
8 8 .7
8 6 .9
7 8 .8
8 2 .9
8 1 .4
8 6 .4
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
99
C urrent Labor S tatistics:
Productivity Data
42. C o n tin u e d — A n n u a l in d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r h o u r fo r s e le c te d 3 -d ig it S ic in d u s trie s
[1987 = 100]______________________________
Industry
SIC
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
T o y s a n d s p o r tin g g o o d s .....................................................
394
1 08.1
1 0 9 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 1 4 .2
1 0 9 .7
1 1 3 .6
1 1 9 .9
1 2 5 .7
1 3 1 .6
1 2 4 .0
P e n s , p e n c ils , o ffic e , a n d a r t s u p p lie s ..........................
395
1 1 8 .2
1 1 6 .8
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1 .6
1 2 9 .9
1 3 5 .2
1 44 .1
1 2 7 .5
1 3 2 .5
1 2 9 .3
C o s tu m e je w e lr y a n d n o t io n s ...........................................
396
1 0 5 .3
1 0 6 .7
1 1 0 .8
1 1 5 .8
1 2 9 .0
1 4 3 .7
1 4 2 .2
1 1 8 .0
1 3 1 .2
1 5 0 .2
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c tu r e s .............................................
399
1 0 6 .5
1 0 9 .2
1 0 9 .5
1 0 7 .7
1 06.1
108.1
1 1 2 .8
1 0 9 .4
1 0 8 .5
1 1 1 .2
Transportation
R a ilr o a d tr a n s p o r t a t io n ........................................................
4011
1 1 8 .5
1 2 7 .8
1 3 9 .6
1 4 5 .4
1 5 0 .3
1 5 6 .2
1 6 7 .0
1 6 9 .8
1 7 3 .3
1 8 2 .3
T r u c k in g , e x c e p t l o c a l 1 .......................................................
4213
1 11.1
1 1 6 .9
1 2 3 .4
1 2 6 .6
1 2 9 .5
1 2 5 .4
1 3 0 .9
1 3 2 .4
1 2 9 .9
1 3 1 .6
U .S . p o s ta l s e r v i c e 2 ..............................................................
4 31
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .7
1 0 4 .5
107 .1
1 0 6 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 0 4 .7
1 0 8 .3
1 0 9 .7
1 1 0 .3
A ir tr a n s p o r t a t io n 1 ................................................................
4 5 1 2 ,1 3 ,2 2 (p ts .)
9 2 .9
9 2 .5
9 6 .9
1 0 0 .2
1 0 5 .7
1 0 8 .6
1 11.1
1 1 1 .6
1 1 0 .7
1 0 8 .3
Utitlities
T e le p h o n e c o m m u n ic a t io n s ..............................................
4 81
1 1 3 .3
1 1 9 .8
1 2 7 .7
1 3 5 .5
1 4 2 .2
148 .1
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .9
1 7 0 .3
1 89 .1
R a d io a n d te le v is io n b r o a d c a s tin g ..................................
483
1 0 4 .9
106 .1
1 0 8 .3
1 0 6 .7
1 10.1
1 0 9 .6
1 0 5 .8
1 01 .1
1 0 0 .7
1 0 1 .8
C a b le a n d o th e r p a y T V s e r v ic e s ...................................
484
9 2 .6
8 7 .6
8 8 .5
8 5 .3
8 3 .4
8 4 .5
8 1 .9
8 4 .7
8 3 .5
8 1 .5
E le c tr ic u tilit ie s ..........................................................................
4 9 1 ,3 (p t.)
110 .1
1 1 3 .4
1 1 5 .2
1 2 0 .6
1 2 6 .8
1 3 5 .0
1 4 6 .5
1 5 0 .5
1 60 .1
1 6 2 .7
G a s u tilit ie s ..................................................................................
4 9 2 ,3 (p t.)
1 0 5 .8
1 0 9 .6
1 11.1
1 2 1 .8
1 2 5 .6
137 .1
1 4 5 .9
1 5 8 .6
1 4 4 .4
1 4 5 .0
L u m b e r a n d o th e r b u ild in g m a te r ia ls d e a le r s ...........
5 21
1 0 4 .3
1 0 2 .3
1 0 6 .4
1 1 1 .4
1 1 8 .9
1 1 7 .8
1 2 1 .6
Trade
1 2 1 .8
1 3 4 .2
1 4 2 .3
P a in t, g la s s , a n d w a llp a p e r s t o r e s ..................................
523
1 0 6 .8
1 0 0 .4
1 0 7 .6
1 1 4 .2
1 2 7 .8
1 3 0 .9
1 3 3 .5
1 3 4 .8
1 6 3 .5
1 6 3 .2
H a r d w a r e s t o r e s ......................................................................
525
1 1 5 .3
1 0 8 .7
1 1 5 .2
1 1 3 .9
1 2 1 .2
1 1 5 .5
1 1 9 .5
1 1 9 .0
1 3 7 .8
1 4 9 .3
R e ta il n u r s e r ie s , la w n a n d g a r d e n s u p p ly s t o r e s ....
526
8 4 .7
8 9 .3
1 0 1 .2
107 .1
1 1 7 .0
1 1 7 .4
1 3 6 .4
1 2 7 .5
1 3 3 .7
1 5 1 .2
D e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s .................................................................
531
9 6 .8
1 0 2 .0
1 0 5 .4
1 1 0 .4
1 1 3 .4
1 1 5 .9
1 2 3 .5
1 2 8 .8
1 3 5 .5
1 4 7 .4
V a r ie t y s t o r e s .............................................................................
533
1 5 4 .4
1 5 8 .8
1 7 3 .7
1 9 1 .5
•1 9 7 .4
2 1 1 .3
2 3 8 .4
2 5 7 .7
2 6 8 .7
3 1 9 .5
M is c e lla n e o u s g e n e r a l m e r c h a n d is e s to r e s ..............
539
1 1 8 .6
1 2 4 .8
1 4 0 .4
1 6 4 .2
1 6 4 .8
1 6 7 .3
1 6 7 .6
1 7 0 .3
1 8 5 .7
1 9 5 .2
G r o c e r y s t o r e s ..........................................................................
541
9 6 .6
9 6 .3
9 6 .5
9 6 .0
9 5 .4
9 3 .9
9 2.1
9 1 .7
9 2 .2
9 5 .4
M e a t a n d fis h (s e a fo o d ) m a r k e ts .....................................
542
9 8 .9
9 0 .8
9 9 .2
9 7 .7
9 5 .7
9 4 .4
8 6 .4
9 0 .8
9 5 .7
9 9 .3
R e ta il b a k e r ie s ..........................................................................
546
9 1 .2
9 6 .7
9 6 .5
8 6 .5
8 5 .3
8 3 .0
7 5 .9
6 7 .6
68.1
8 3 .8
1 1 1 .9
N e w a n d u s e d c a r d e a le r s ..................................................
551
1 0 6 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 0 7 .4
1 0 8 .6
1 0 9 .7
1 08.1
1 09.1
1 0 8 .8
1 0 8 .7
A u to a n d h o m e s u p p ly s t o r e s ...........................................
553
1 0 3 .6
1 0 0 .2
1 0 1 .6
1 0 0 .8
1 0 5 .3
1 09 .1
1 0 8 .2
1 08 .1
1 1 3 .0
1 1 6 .0
G a s o lin e s e r v ic e s t a t io n s .....................................................
554
1 0 3 .0
1 0 4 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 1 5 .9
121 .1
1 2 7 .2
1 26.1
1 26 .1
1 3 3 .9
1 4 0 .6
M e n 's a n d b o y 's w e a r s t o r e s .............................................
561
1 1 5 .6
1 2 1 .9
1 2 2 .3
1 1 9 .5
1 2 1 .8
1 2 1 .4
1 2 9 .8
1 3 6 .3
1 4 5 .2
1 5 4 .6
W o m e n 's c lo th in g s t o r e s .....................................................
562
1 0 6 .6
1 1 1 .2
1 2 3 .6
1 3 0 .0
1 3 0 .4
1 3 9 .9
1 5 4 .2
1 5 7 .3
1 76 .1
1 9 0 .5
11ft fi
1 51 .1
565
107 8
111 fi
S h o e s t o r e s ................................................................................
566
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .8
1 1 5 .5
1 1 7 .3
1 3 0 .7
1 3 9 .2
1 5 1 .9
1 4 8 .4
1 4 5 .0
F u r n itu r e a n d h o m e f u r n is h in g s s to r e s ..........................
571
1 0 4 .6
1 0 5 .4
1 1 3 .9
1 1 3 .3
1 1 4 .7
1 1 7 .4
1 2 3 .6
1 2 4 .2
1 2 7 .2
134 .1
H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s t o r e s ..............................................
572
1 0 4 .3
1 0 6 .7
1 1 5 .5
1 1 8 .0
1 2 1 .5
1 3 8 .4
1 4 0 .7
1 5 3 .5
1 8 1 .4
1 8 3 .9
R a d io , t e le v is io n , c o m p u te r , a n d m u s ic s to r e s ........
573
1 21.1
1 2 9 .8
1 3 9 .9
1 5 4 .5
1 79.1
1 9 9 .3
2 0 8 .1
2 1 8 .4
2 6 0 .3
3 1 4 .6
E a tin g a n d d r in k in g p la c e s ..................................................
581
1 0 4 .5
1 0 3 .8
1 0 3 .4
1 0 3 .8
1 02.1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 0 .6
1 0 1 .6
1 0 2 .0
1 0 4 .3
D r u g a n d p r o p r ie t a r y s t o r e s ..............................................
591
1 0 6 .3
1 0 8 .0
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .9
1 11.1
1 1 3 .9
1 1 9 .7
1 2 5 .6
1 2 9 .8
L iq u o r s t o r e s ..............................................................................
592
1 0 5 .9
1 0 6 .9
1 0 9 .6
1 0 1 .8
1 00.1
1 0 4 .7
1 1 3 .8
1 0 9 .9
1 1 6 .5
1 1 4 .6
U s e d m e r c h a n d is e s t o r e s ...................................................
593
1 0 3 .0
1 0 2 .3
1 1 5 .7
1 1 6 .8
1 1 9 .5
1 2 0 .6
1 3 2 .7
1 4 0 .3
1 6 3 .6
1 8 1 .9
M is c e lla n e o u s s h o p p in g g o o d s s to r e s ..........................
594
1 0 7 .2
1 0 9 .0
1 0 7 .5
1 1 1 .5
1 17.1
1 23.1
1 2 5 .3
1 29 .1
1 3 8 .8
1 4 5 .2
2 2 2 .2
N o n s to r e r e t a ile r s ....................................................................
596
1 11 .1
1 1 2 .5
1 2 6 .5
1 3 2 .2
1 4 9 .0
1 5 2 .4
1 7 3 .3
1 8 6 .5
2 0 8 .0
F u e l d e a le r s ................................................................................
598
8 4 .5
8 5 .3
8 4 .2
9 1 .8
9 9 .0
1 1 1 .4
1 1 2 .4
1 0 9 .0
1 0 5 .8
1 15.1
R e ta il s to r e s , n .e . c ..................................................................
599
1 1 4 .5
1 0 4 .0
1 1 2 .5
118 .1
1 2 5 .8
1 2 7 .0
1 4 0 .2
1 4 7 .8
1 5 7 .3
1 6 1 .0
C o m m e r c ia l b a n k s ..................................................................
602
1 0 7 .7
1 10.1
1 1 1 .0
1 1 8 .5
1 2 1 .7
1 2 6 .4
1 2 9 .7
1 3 3 .0
1 3 2 .6
1 3 5 .2
H o te ls a n d m o t e ls ....................................................................
701
9 6 .2
9 9 .3
1 0 8 .0
1 0 6 .5
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .0
1 0 8 .2
1 1 1 .6
1 1 3 .5
L a u n d r y , c le a n in g , a n d g a r m e n t s e r v ic e s ...................
721
1 0 2 .3
9 9 .9
9 9 .3
9 9 .9
1 0 5 .0
1 0 6 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .0
1 1 6 .2
1 2 1 .8
P h o to g r a p h ic s tu d io s , p o r tr a it...........................................
722
9 8 .2
92.1
9 5 .8
1 0 1 .8
1 0 8 .3
1 1 6 .2
1 1 0 .7
1 14.1
1 2 1 .6
1 05 .1
B e a u ty s h o p s .............................................................................
723
9 7 .5
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .9
9 7 .0
1 01 .1
1 0 4 .8
1 0 7 .6
1 0 8 .5
1 1 0 .5
1 1 3 .3
1 0 0 .7
9 4 .9
1 1 3 .2
1 3 8 .0
Finance and services
B a r b e r s h o p s .............................................................................
724
1 2 1 .9
1 1 8 .8
1 1 5 .7
1 2 8 .8
1 5 0 .4
1 5 7 .4
F u n e r a l s e r v ic e s a n d c r e m a t o r ie s ...................................
A u to m o tiv e r e p a ir s h o p s ......................................................
726
9 1 .2
8 9 .9
1 0 3 .8
9 8 .7
1 0 4 .3
1 0 0 .2
9 7 .6
1 0 1 .9
1 0 4 .2
9 9 .7
753
1 0 7 .9
100 .1
1 05.1
1 0 5 .7
1 1 4 .3
1 2 1 .6
1 16 .1
1 1 7 .2
1 2 4 .9
1 2 7 .6
M o tio n p ic tu r e t h e a te r s .........................................................
783
118 .1
1 1 8 .2
1 1 4 .8
1 1 3 .8
1 1 0 .4
1 0 5 .0
104 .1
1 0 3 .4
1 06.1
1 1 0 .5
’ R e ,e r s t 0 o u t P u t Pe r e m p lo y e e
n .e .c . = n o t e ls e w h e re c la s s ifie d
^ R e fe r s to o u p u t p e r fu ll- t im e e q u iv a le n t e m p lo y e e y e a r o n fis c a l b a s is .
Monthly Labor Review
Digitized for 100
FRASER
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
43.
U n e m p lo y m e n t rates, a p p ro x im a tin g U.S. c o n c e p ts , in n in e c o u n trie s , q u a rte rly d a t a
s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d
Annual average
Country
1999
1999
2000
I
II
2000
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
U n ite d S ta te s ..........
4 .2
4 .0
4 .3
4 .3
4 .2
4.1
4.1
4 .0
4 .0
C a n a d a ......................
6 .8
5 .8
7.1
7.1
6 .8
6 .2
6 .0
5 .8
5 .8
5 .7
7 .2
6 .6
7 .5
7 .4
7.1
7 .0
6 .8
6 .7
6 .3
6 .5
4 .7
1 1 .2
4 .8
9 .7
4 .7
1 1 .4
4 .8
1 1 .3
4 .8
1 1 .2
4 .7
1 0 .8
4 .8
1 0 .2
4 .7
9 .7
4 .7
9 .6
4 .8
9 .2
F r a n c e 1.....................
4 .0
8 .7
8 .3
8 .8
8 .8
8 .8
8 .7
8 .4
8 .3
8 .2
8.1
1 1 .5
1 0 .7
1 1 .8
1 1 .7
1 1 .5
1 1 .2
1 1 .3
1 0 .8
1 0 .6
10.1
S w e d e n 1...................
7.1
5 .9
7.1
7 .0
7.1
7.1
6 .7
6 .0
5 .6
5 .2
U n ite d K in g d o m 1...
6.1
-
6 .2
6.1
5 .9
5 .9
5 .8
5 .5
5 .4
-
Ita lv 1'2 ........................
1 P re lim in a ry fo r 2 0 0 0 fo r J a p a n , F ra n c e , G e r m a n y (u n ifie d ), Ita ly ,
a n d S w e d e n a n d fo r 1 9 9 9 o n w a rd fo r th e U n ite d K in g d o m .
2 Q u a r te r ly r a te s a re f o r th e f ir s t m o n th o f th e q u a rte r.
d ic a to rs o f u n e m p lo y m e n t u n d e r U .S . c o n c e p ts th a n th e a n n u a l
fig u r e s .
S e e " N o te s o n th e d a ta " f o r in fo r m a tio n o n b r e a k s in
s e rie s .
For
Com parative
N O TE:
c a lc u la te d
Q u a rte rly
by
a p p ly in g
fig u r e s
fo r
F ra n c e
and
G e rm a n y
a n n u a l a d ju s tm e n t fa c to rs
to
a re
fu r th e r
Civilian
q u a lific a tio n s
Labor
and
Force
h is to r ic a l
Statistics,
d a ta ,
Ten
see
Coun
tries, 1 9 5 9 -2 0 0 0 (B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s , M a r. 1 6 , 2 0 0 1 ) .
c u rre n t
p u b lis h e d d a ta , a n d th e re fo r e s h o u ld b e v ie w e d a s le s s p re c is e in
D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le .
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
101
C urrent Labor Statistics:
44.
International Com parison
A n n u a l d a ta : E m p lo y m e n t status of th e w o r k in g -a g e p o p u la tio n , a p p ro x im a tin g U.S. c o n c e p ts , TO countries
[N um bers in tho u san d s]
Employment status and country
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
C iv i lia n la b o r f o r c e
U n ite d S ta te s 1................................................................................
1 2 6 ,3 4 6
1 2 8 ,1 0 5
1 2 9 ,2 0 0
1 3 1 ,0 5 6
1 3 2 ,3 0 4
1 3 3 ,9 4 3
1 3 6 ,2 9 7
1 3 7 ,6 7 3
1 3 9 ,3 6 8
1 4 0 ,8 6 3
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
1 4 ,1 2 8
1 4 ,1 6 8
1 4 ,2 9 9
1 4 ,3 8 7
1 4 ,5 0 0
1 4 ,6 5 0
1 4 ,9 3 6
1 5 ,2 1 6
1 5 ,5 1 3
1 5 ,7 4 5
A u s tra lia ............................................................................................
8 ,4 9 0
8 ,5 6 2
8 ,6 1 9
8 ,7 7 6
9,001
9 ,1 2 7
9,221
9 ,3 4 7
9 ,4 7 0
9 ,6 8 2
J a p a n .................................................................................................
6 4 ,2 8 0
6 5 ,0 4 0
6 5 ,4 7 0
6 5 ,7 8 0
6 5 ,9 9 0
6 6 ,4 5 0
6 7 ,2 0 0
6 7 ,2 4 0
6 7 ,0 9 0
6 6 ,9 9 0
F r a n c e ................................................................................................
2 4 ,4 7 0
2 4 ,5 7 0
2 4 ,6 4 0
2 4 ,7 8 0
2 4 ,8 3 0
2 5 ,0 9 0
2 5 ,2 1 0
2 5 ,5 4 0
2 5 ,8 6 0
_
G e r m a n y 2........................................................................................
3 9 ,1 3 0
3 9 ,0 4 0
3 9 ,1 4 0
3 9 ,2 1 0
3 9 ,1 0 0
3 9 ,1 8 0
3 9 ,4 8 0
3 9 ,5 2 0
3 9 ,6 3 0
-
Ita ly ......................................................................................................
_
2 2 ,9 4 0
2 2 ,9 1 0
2 2 ,5 7 0
2 2 ,4 5 0
2 2 ,4 6 0
2 2 ,5 7 0
2 2 ,6 8 0
2 2 ,9 6 0
2 3 ,1 3 0
N e th e rla n d s .....................................................................................
6 ,7 8 0
6 ,9 4 0
7 ,0 5 0
7 ,2 0 0
7 ,2 3 0
7 ,4 4 0
7 ,5 1 0
7 ,6 7 0
7 ,7 5 0
_
S w e d e n .............................................................................................
4 ,591
4 ,5 2 0
4 ,4 4 3
4 ,4 1 8
4 ,4 6 0
4 ,4 5 9
4 ,4 1 8
4 ,4 0 2
4 ,4 3 0
_
U n ite d K in g d o m .............................................................................
2 8 ,6 1 0
2 8 ,4 1 0
2 8 ,3 1 0
2 8 ,2 8 0
2 8 ,4 8 0
2 8 ,6 2 0
2 8 ,7 6 0
2 8 ,8 7 0
2 9 ,0 9 0
-
P a r t i c ip a t io n r a te 3
6 6 .2
6 6 .4
6 6 .3
6 6 .6
6 6 .6
6 6 .8
67.1
67.1
67.1
6 7 .2
C a n a d a ..............................................................................................
6 6 .7
6 5 .9
6 5 .5
6 5 .2
6 4 .9
6 4 .7
6 5 .0
6 5 .4
6 5 .8
6 5 .9
A u s tra lia ............................................................................................
1 InitoH
64.1
6 3 .9
6 3 .6
6 3 .9
6 4 .6
6 4 .6
6 4 .4
6 4 .2
6 4 .7
J a p a n .................................................................................................
6 3 .2
6 3 .4
6 3 .3
63.1
6 2 .9
6 3 .0
6 3 .2
6 2 .8
6 2 .4
6 2 .0
F ra n c e ...............................................................................................
5 5 .9
5 5 .8
5 5 .6
5 5 .5
5 5 .3
5 5 .5
5 5 .3
5 5 .7
5 6 .0
r io r m a n u ^
5 8 .9
5 8 .3
5 8 .0
5 7 .6
5 7 .3
5 7 .4
5 7 .7
5 7 .7
5 7 .9
6 4 .3
-
_
Ita ly ......................................................................................................
4 7 .7
4 7 .5
4 7 .9
4 7 .3
47.1
47.1
4 7 .2
4 7 .6
4 7 .8
_
N e th e rla n d s .....................................................................................
5 6 .8
5 7 .7
5 8 .2
5 9 .0
5 8 .9
6 0 .3
6 0 .6
6 1 .4
6 1 .5
_
S w e d e n .............................................................................................
6 7 .0
6 5 .7
6 4 .5
6 3 .7
64.1
6 4 .0
6 3 .3
6 2 .8
6 3 .2
_
U n ite d K in q d o m .............................................................................
6 3 .7
63.1
6 2 .8
6 2 .5
6 2 .7
6 2 .7
6 2 .8
6 2 .7
6 2 .9
-
E m p lo y e d
1 1 7 ,7 1 8
1 1 8 ,4 9 2
1 2 0 ,2 5 9
1 2 3 ,0 6 0
1 2 4 ,9 0 0
1 2 6 ,7 0 8
1 2 9 ,5 5 8
1 3 1 ,4 6 3
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
C a n a d a ..............................................................................................
1 2 ,7 4 7
1 2 ,6 7 2
1 2 ,7 7 0
1 3 ,0 2 7
13,271
1 3 ,3 8 0
1 3 ,7 0 5
1 4 ,0 6 8
1 4 ,4 5 6
A u s tr a lia ............................................................................................
7 ,6 7 6
7 ,6 3 7
7 ,6 8 0
7,921
8 ,2 3 5
8 ,3 4 4
8 ,4 2 9
8 ,5 9 7
8 ,7 8 5
9 ,0 4 3
J a p a n .........................................................................................
6 2 ,9 2 0
6 3 ,6 2 0
6 3 ,8 1 0
6 3 ,8 6 0
6 3 ,8 9 0
6 4 ,2 0 0
6 4 ,9 0 0
6 4 ,4 5 0
6 3 ,9 2 0
6 3 ,7 9 0
F r a n c e ...............................................................................................
2 2 ,1 2 0
2 2 ,0 2 0
2 1 ,7 4 0
2 1 ,7 3 0
2 1 ,9 1 0
2 1 ,9 6 0
2 2 ,0 9 0
2 2 ,5 2 0
2 2 ,9 7 0
_
f^a rm a n w ^
3 6 ,9 2 0
3 6 ,4 2 0
3 6 ,0 3 0
3 5 ,8 9 0
3 5 ,9 0 0
3 5 ,6 8 0
3 5 ,5 7 0
3 5 ,8 3 0
3 6 ,1 7 0
_
Ita ly ......................................................................................................
2 1 ,3 6 0
2 1 ,2 3 0
2 0 ,2 7 0
1 9 ,9 4 0
1 9 ,8 2 0
1 9 ,9 2 0
1 9 ,9 9 0
2 0 ,2 1 0
2 0 ,4 6 0
_
N e th e rla n d s .....................................................................................
6 ,3 8 0
6 ,5 4 0
6 ,5 9 0
6 ,6 8 0
6 ,7 3 0
6 ,9 7 0
7 ,1 1 0
7 ,3 6 0
7 ,4 9 0
«
U n ite d S ta te s 1.............................................................................
1 3 5 ,2 0 8
1 4 ,8 2 7
S w e d e n .............................................................................................
4 ,4 4 7
4 ,2 6 5
4 ,0 2 8
3 ,9 9 2
4 ,0 5 6
4 ,0 1 9
3 ,9 7 3
4 ,0 3 4
4 ,1 1 7
_
U n ite d K in g d o m .............................................................................
2 6 ,0 9 0
2 5 ,5 3 0
2 5 ,3 4 0
2 5 ,5 5 0
2 6 ,0 0 0
2 6 ,2 8 0
2 6 ,7 4 0
2 7 ,0 5 0
2 7 ,3 3 0
-
E m p lo y m e n t - p o p u la t io n r a t io 4
U n ite d S ta te s 1................................................................................
C a n a d a ..............................................................................................
6 1 .7
6 1 .5
6 1 .7
6 2 .5
6 2 .9
6 3 .2
6 3 .8
64.1
6 4 .3
6 0 .2
5 8 .9
5 8 .5
5 9 .0
5 9 .4
59.1
5 9 .7
6 0 .4
6 1 .3
A u s tr a lia .............................................................................................
5 7 .9
5 7 .0
5 6 .6
5 7 .7
59.1
59.1
5 8 .8
5 9 .2
5 9 .6
6 0 .4
J a p a n ..................................................................................................
6 1 .8
6 2 .0
6 1 .7
6 1 .3
6 0 .9
6 0 .9
6 1 .0
6 0 .2
5 9 .4
5 9 .0
_
F ra n c e ................................................................................................
5 0 .6
5 0 .0
4 9 .0
4 8 .7
4 8 .8
4 8 .5
4 8 .5
49.1
4 9 .8
G e r m a n y 2.........................................................................................
5 5 .5
5 4 .4
5 3 .4
5 2 .8
5 2 .6
5 2 .2
5 2 .0
5 2 .3
5 2 .8
Ita ly ......................................................................................................
4 4 .5
4 4 .0
4 3 .0
4 2 .0
4 1 .5
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 1 .9
4 2 .3
6 4 .5
6 2 .T
-
N e th e rla n d s ...........................................................................
5 3 .4
5 4 .4
5 4 .4
5 4 .8
5 4 .9
5 6 .5
5 7 .4
5 8 .9
S w e d e n ..............................................................................................
6 4 .9
6 2 .0
5 8 .5
5 7 .6
5 8 .3
5 7 .7
5 6 .9
5 7 .6
5 8 .7
_
_
_
U n ite d K in q d o m .............................................................................
5 8 .0
5 6 .7
5 6 .2
5 6 .5
5 7 .2
5 7 .6
5 8 .3
5 8 .7
59.1
_
5 9 .4
U n e m p lo y e d
U n ite d S ta te s 1..........................................................................
8 ,6 2 8
9 ,6 1 3
8 ,9 4 0
7 ,9 9 6
7 ,4 0 4
7 ,2 3 6
6 ,7 3 9
6 ,2 1 0
5 ,8 8 0
C a n a d a ..............................................................................................
1,381
1 ,4 9 6
1 ,5 3 0
1 ,3 5 9
1 ,2 2 9
1,271
1 ,2 3 0
1 ,1 4 8
1 ,0 5 8
918
A u s tr a lia ............................................................................................
814
925
939
856
766
783
791
750
685
638
3 ,2 0 0
5 ,6 5 5
J a p a n ..................................................................................................
1 ,3 6 0
1 ,4 2 0
1 ,6 6 0
1 ,9 2 0
2 ,1 0 0
2 ,2 5 0
2 ,3 0 0
2 ,7 9 0
3 ,1 7 0
F r a n c e ................................................................................................
2 ,3 5 0
2 ,5 5 0
2 ,9 0 0
3 ,0 6 0
2 ,9 2 0
3 ,1 3 0
3 ,1 3 0
3 ,0 2 0
2 ,8 9 0
_
G e r m a n y 2..........................................................................................
2 ,2 1 0
2 ,6 2 0
3 ,1 1 0
3 ,3 2 0
3 ,2 0 0
3 ,5 0 0
3 ,9 1 0
3 ,6 9 0
3 ,4 6 0
-
1 ,5 8 0
1 ,6 8 0
2 ,3 0 0
2 ,5 1 0
2 ,6 4 0
2 ,6 5 0
2 ,6 9 0
2 ,7 5 0
2 ,6 7 0
400
390
460
520
510
470
400
310
260
N e th e rla n d s ..................................................................................
S w e d e n ..............................................................................................
U n ite d K in g d o m ...........................................................................
144
255
415
426
404
440
445
368
313
2 ,5 2 0
2 ,8 8 0
2 ,9 7 0
2 ,7 3 0
2 ,4 8 0
2 ,3 4 0
2 ,0 2 0
1 ,8 2 0
1 ,7 6 0
_
_
_
-
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te
U n ite d S ta te s 1.............................................................................
6 .8
7 .5
6 .9
6.1
5 .6
5 .4
4 .9
4 .5
4 .2
4 .0
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
9 .8
1 0.6
1 0.7
9 .4
8 .5
8 .7
8 .2
7 .5
6 .8
5 .8
A u s tr a lia .............................................................................................
9 .6
1 0 .8
1 0.9
9 .7
8 .5
8 .6
8 .6
8 .0
7 .2
6 .6
J a p a n ..................................................................................................
2.1
2 .2
2 .5
2 .9
3 .2
3 .4
3 .4
4.1
4 .7
4 .8
F ra n c e ................................................................................................
9 .6
1 0 .4
1 1 .8
1 2.3
1 1 .8
1 2.5
1 2 .4
1 1.8
1 1.2
9 .7
G e r m a n y 2..........................................................................................
5 .6
6 .7
7 .9
8 .5
8 .2
8 .9
9 .9
9 .3
8 .7
-
6 .9
7 .3
1 0.2
11.2
1 1.8
1 1.7
1 1 .9
1 2.0
11.5
1 0.7
_
N e th e rla n d s .....................................................................................
5 .9
5 .6
6 .5
7.2
7.1
6 .3
5 .3
4 .0
3 .4
S w e d e n ..............................................................................................
3.1
5 .6
9 .3
9 .6
9.1
9 .9
10.1
8 .4
7.1
5 .9
U n ite d K in q d o m .............................................................................
8 .8
10.1
1 0.5
9 .7
8 .7
8 .2
7 .0
6 .3
6.1
-
1 D a ta fo r 1 9 9 4 a re n o t d ire c tly c o m p a ra b le w ith d a ta fo r 1 9 9 3 a n d e a rlie r y e a rs . F o r
3 L a b o r fo rc e a s a p e rc e n t o f th e w o rk in g -a g e p o p u la tio n .
a d d itio n a l in fo r m a tio n , s e e th e b o x n o te u n d e r " E m p lo y m e n t a n d U n e m p lo y m e n t
4 E m p lo y m e n t a s a p e rc e n t o f th e w o rk in g -a g e p o p u la tio n .
D a ta " in th e n o te s to th is s e c tio n .
N O T E : S e e N o te s o n th e d a ta fo r in fo rm a tio n on b re a k s in s e rie s fo r th e U n ite d
2 D a ta fro m 1991 o n w a rd re fe r to u n ifie d G e rm a n y . S e e Comparative Civilian Labor
S ta te s , F ra n c e , G e rm a n y , Ita ly , th e N e th e rla n d s , a n d S w e d e n .
Force Statistics, Ten Countries, 1 9 5 9 -2 0 0 0 ,
D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta a re n o t a v a ila b le ,
M a r. 16, 2 0 0 1 , on th e
http://stats.bls.gov/flsdata.htm.
102 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In te rn e t at
p = p re lim in a ry .
December 2001
45.
A n n u a l in d e x e s of m a n u fa c tu rin g p ro d u c tiv ity a n d re la te d m easu re s, 12 countries
[1 9 9 2 = 100]
Item and country
1960
1970
1980
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Output per hour
U n ited S ta te s ....................................................................
-
-
70.5
96.9
95.7
96.9
97.8
102.1
107.3
113.8
117.0
121.1
127.0
134.8
C a n a d a ..............................................................................
38.7
56.6
75.1
90.9
93.7
95.7
95.3
104.5
109.9
111.0
109.5
112.8
112.5
115.2
84.8
89.5
95.4
99.4
38.0
63.9
100.5
101.8
109.3
115.8
121.4
120.4
124.1
B e lg iu m ..............................................................................
18.0
32.9
65.4
92.0
96.9
96.8
99.1
102.5
D e n m a rk ............................................................................
29.9
52.7
90.3
94.1
99.6
99.1
99.6
104.5
108.4
-
113.2
-
115.5
-
122.4
-
123.6
-
124.5
-
F ra n c e ................................................................................
21.8
43.0
66.5
87.5
91.9
93.5
96.9
100.6
108.5
114.5
115.0
122.6
124.0
128.9
G e rm a n y ............................................................................
29.2
52.0
77.2
91.5
99.0
99.0
101.6
110.1
113.2
116.8
122.4
126.7
128.5
Ita ly ......................................................................................
111.1
112.9
-
J a p a n ..................................................................................
14.0
20.2
37.9
65.9
86.7
94.6
89.4
92.5
95.2
102.9
105.6
109.3
109.5
111.5
N e th e rla n d s ......................................................................
18.6
38.1
69.2
93.7
97.1
98.6
99.6
101.4
112.7
117.7
119.7
125.7
127.8
N o rw a y ..............................................................................
36.7
57.8
76.7
92.1
94.6
96.6
97.5
100.6
101.4
102.0
102.0
103.0
103.9
103.9
S w e d e n ..............................................................................
2 7.3
52.2
73.1
90.5
93.2
94.6
95.5
107.3
119.4
121.9
124.5
133.0
135.6
139.5
U n ited K in g d o m ...............................................................
31.2
44.7
56.1
82.3
86.2
88.3
92.2
104.0
106.8
104.8
103.2
104.0
104.6
109.2
Output
U n ited S ta te s ....................................................................
-
-
75.8
103.2
102.4
101.6
98.3
103.5
111.1
118.4
121.3
127.7
133.5
139.3
C a n a d a ...............................................................................
34.2
60.6
86.0
110.1
112.6
108.6
99.0
104.6
113.2
118.1
119.8
128.1
133.1
141.3
J a p a n ..................................................................................
10.7
38.8
59.9
84.6
90.2
96.3
101.4
96.0
95.4
100.6
106.7
111.1
103.6
103.9
B e lg iu m ..............................................................................
30.7
57.6
78.2
93.3
99.1
101.0
100.7
97.0
101.4
104.2
105.1
109.9
111.8
113.8
91.3
D e n m a rk ............................................................................
40.8
100.8
104.3
102.7
99.0
109.3
114.7
109.7
112.6
31.0
64.1
88.7
92.2
97.2
99.1
99.8
95.7
100.3
104.9
104.6
109.7
111.5
114.2
G e rm a n y ............................................................................
4 1.5
70.9
85.3
90.9
94.0
99.1
102.3
92.5
95.2
95.3
93.5
96.3
100.9
102.2
110.3
111.4
116.6
Ita ly ......................................................................................
N o rw a y ..............................................................................
68.0
101.7
21.9
45.8
80.4
94.5
98.1
99.6
99.2
96.4
102.2
107.2
105.6
31.7
59.5
77.4
92.8
96.9
100.1
100.6
98.2
104.2
107.8
108.4
108.3
114.1
98.3
102.7
106.7
109.0
110.1
115.7
115.3
111.5
105.3
101.3
100.2
S w e d e n ..............................................................................
4 5.9
80.7
90.7
109.8
104.1
101.9
117.1
128.4
131.1
138.6
144.6
150.7
67.7
90.3
87.2
101.4
110.9
105.4
110.1
U n ited K in g d o m ...............................................................
105.3
100.0
101.4
106.1
107.8
108.2
109.6
109.9
109.7
5 6.5
89.1
103.6
117.6
114.0
Total hours
104.4
107.5
106.6
107.1
100.4
101.4
103.6
104.0
103.7
105.5
105.2
103.3
C a n a d a ...............................................................................
88.3
107.1
114.6
121.2
120.2
113.5
103.9
100.1
103.0
106.4
109.4
113.5
118.3
122.7
J a p a n ..................................................................................
76.3
102.3
93.8
99.8
100.8
100.9
102.0
95.6
93.7
92.0
92.2
91.5
86.1
8 3.8
B e lg iu m .............................................................................
170.7
174.7
119.7
101.5
102.3
104.3
101.5
94.7
D e n m a rk ............................................................................
136.5
129.0
101.1
107.2
104.7
103.7
102.1
94.8
93.6
-
92.0
-
91.0
-
89.8
-
9 0.5
-
9 1.5
-
89.5
89.9
U n ited S ta te s ....................................................................
92.1
142.3
149.0
133.3
105.4
105.8
104.8
105.9
92.4
103.0
95.1
91.6
91.0
G e rm a n y ............................................................................
142.3
136.3
110.5
99.3
99.3
100.1
103.3
91.0
86.5
84.2
80.1
78.7
79.6
7 9.5
Italy......................................................................................
108.7
120.9
122.0
108.9
109.7
107.7
104.2
93.6
96.7
98.0
96.5
97.1
99.3
9 8.6
88.6
170.6
156.2
111.8
99.0
99.8
101.5
101.0
96.9
92.4
91.6
90.5
90.8
9 1.2
154.0
154.3
135.0
114.3
107.1
103.7
100.8
102.1
105.2
106.9
107.9
112.3
113.2
109.8
S w e d e n ..............................................................................
168.3
154.7
124.0
121.4
119.0
116.4
109.0
94.9
98.1
105.3
105.3
104.2
106.6
108.0
U n ited K in g d o m ...............................................................
2 17 .3
202.1
155.3
123.2
122.3
119.2
108.5
97.5
99.4
102.9
104.8
105.4
105.0
100.5
U n ited S ta te s ...................................................................
14.9
23.7
55.6
84.0
86.6
90.8
95.6
102.7
105.6
107.9
109.3
111.4
117.3
123.2
C a n a d a ...............................................................................
9.9
17.0
47.7
77.8
82.5
89.5
94.7
99.6
100.4
103.6
102.8
106.7
110.8
110.8
J a p a n ..................................................................................
4.3
16.5
58.6
79.2
84.2
90.7
95.9
104.6
106.7
109.5
110.9
113.9
115.8
117.7
B e lg iu m ..............................................................................
D e n m a rk ............................................................................
5.4
4.6
13.7
13.3
52.5
49.6
81.1
82.9
85.9
87.7
90.1
92.7
97.3
95.9
104.8
104.6
106.1
-
109.2
-
112.0
-
115.2
-
116.0
-
116.0
-
81.6
86.0
Compensation per hour
F ra n c e ................................................................................
4.3
10.3
40.8
113.0
114.9
119.3
8.1
20.7
53.6
79.1
83.2
90.6
89.4
110.2
G e rm a n y ............................................................................
92.1
106.1
112.3
118.5
125.2
128.0
128.9
130.8
Ita ly ......................................................................................
1.6
6.4
4.7
28.4
75.9
84.4
93.6
107.5
123.0
126.5
88.5
90.8
95.2
103.7
110.6
120.3
113.2
125.4
64.4
107.8
108.2
112.8
20.2
69.3
87.7
115.8
118.3
N o rw a y ...............................................................................
4.7
11.8
39.0
83.3
87.2
92.3
97.5
101.5
104.4
109.2
113.6
118.7
126.2
S w e d e n .............................................................................
4.1
10.7
37.3
71.8
79.4
87.8
95.5
97.2
99.8
119.7
123.3
127.4
3.1
6.3
33.2
67.7
72.9
80.9
90.5
104.3
106.5
106.3
107.4
114.2
U n ited K in gd om ...............................................................
108.2
111.4
117.0
122.6
78.8
86.7
90.5
93.7
97.7
100.6
98.5
94.8
93.5
92.0
92.4
91.4
2 5.6
30.1
63.2
85.2
88.0
92.3
99.7
97.6
94.3
95.5
95.9
95.9
9 8.8
98.1
Unit labor costs:
96.2
103.0
105.6
108.4
133.4
N ational c u rre n cy b asis
C a n a d a ..............................................................................
J a p a n ..................................................................................
30.9
43.3
91.7
93.4
94.0
95.0
96.5
104.1
104.9
100.1
95.8
93.8
9 6.2
B e lg iu m ...............................................................................
30.1
41.7
80.3
88.1
88.7
93.0
98.1
102.3
97.9
96.4
95.6
93.3
9 3.7
9 3.4
D e n m a rk ............................................................................
15.4
25.2
55.0
88.2
88.1
93.6
96.3
100.1
102.4
93.0
93.8
100.9
102.0
108.9
9 4.9
F ra n c e ................................................................................
19.5
24.0
95.9
92.2
102.8
9 2.7
G e rm a n y ............................................................................
27.8
39.8
69.4
86.5
87.9
90.3
93.1
104.5
102.0
104.7
107.2
104.6
101.8
101.8
Ita ly ......................................................................................
7.9
12.4
43.1
79.9
84.9
91.3
98.4
104.4
102.1
103.2
109.9
112.4
110.8
112.0
34.4
52.9
20.4
93.0
93.6
91.1
92.1
95.5
102.3
96.0
90.4
92.2
95.6
100.0
100.9
102.9
94.6
111.4
92.5
50.8
94.0
107.1
92.2
12.9
115.2
121.5
15.0
20.6
51.0
79.4
85.1
92.8
100.0
90.6
83.6
87.2
91.7
90.0
90.9
9 1.3
9.8
14.1
59.1
82.2
84.6
91.6
98.2
100.3
99.7
102.5
104.8
107.1
111.9
112.3
S w e d e n .............................................................................
U n ited K in g d o m ...............................................................
Unit labor costs:
61.3
93.3
93.6
96.8
99.3
97.3
94.7
9 2.6
128.5
U.S. d o lla r b asis
U n ited S ta te s ....................................................................
-
-
78.8
86.7
90.5
93.7
97.7
98.5
94.8
93.5
92.0
C a n a d a ...............................................................................
32.0
34.8
65.3
83.6
89.8
95.6
105.1
91.4
83.4
84.1
85.0
83.6
8 0.5
7 9.8
51.3
92.4
86.3
83.1
90.9
118.8
130.1
135.1
111.7
98.3
93.1
105.7
J a p a n ..................................................................................
10.9
15.3
100.6
9 2.4
91.4
B e lg iu m .............................................................................
19.4
27.0
88.3
77.0
72.3
89.5
92.3
95.1
94.2
105.2
99.3
83.7
8 3.0
7 9.3
D e n m a rk ............................................................................
13.5
20.3
58.9
79.0
72.6
91.3
90.8
93.2
88.3
101.1
105.0
93.1
9 2.6
94.1
F ra n c e ................................................................................
21.1
82.9
77.6
94.1
92.9
100.6
99.2
G e rm a n y ............................................................................
10.4
17.1
59.6
76.9
73.0
87.3
87.5
98.6
98.2
114.1
111.3
94.1
9 0.3
8 6.6
Ita ly......................................................................................
15.6
24.4
62.0
75.6
76.2
93.8
97.6
81.8
78.1
78.0
87.8
81.3
7 8.6
7 5.9
16.0
25.7
82.3
83.2
75.5
88.9
89.8
96.8
92.8
103.0
98.6
83.0
8 2.0
11.3
17.8
63.9
86.1
82.9
95.0
95.7
88.3
90.7
105.0
107.1
101.1
100.0
63.1
71.2
79.7
68.6
6 6.6
64.3
86.5
91.6
92.6
99.3
105.0
102.8
23.0
76.8
93.1
95.6
S w e d e n .............................................................................
16.9
23.1
70.3
75.4
76.8
91.3
96.3
67.7
U n ited K in g d o m ...............................................................
15.6
19.2
77.8
82.9
78.5
92.5
98.2
85.3
83.6
83.2
7 9.6
102.2
N O T E : D ata fo r G e rm a n y fo r ye a rs b efo re 1992 are fo r th e fo rm e r W e st G erm a ny. D ata fo r 1992 onw a rd a re fo r unified G erm any. Dash in dicate s d ata not available.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
103
Current Labor Statistics:
46.
Injury and Illness
Occupational injury and illness rates by industry,1 United States
In cid en ce rates per 100 fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs 3
in d u s try a n d ty p e o f c ase
1988
1989 1
1990
1991
1992
1993“
1994“
1995“
1996“
1997“
1998“
1999“
PRIVATE SECTOR5
T o ta l c a s e s .........................................................................
8 .6
8 .6
8 .8
8 .4
8 .9
8 .5
8 .4
8.1
7 .4
7.1
6 .7
6 .3
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ..............................................................
4 .0
4 .0
4.1
3 .9
3 .9
3 .8
3 .8
3 .6
3 .4
3 .3
3.1
3 .0
76.1
7 8 .7
8 4 .0
8 6 .5
9 3 .8
10.9
1 0.9
1 1 .6
1 0.8
1 1 .6
11.2
1 0.0
9 .7
8 .7
8 .4
7 .9
7 .3
5 .6
5 .7
5 .9
5 .4
5 .4
5 .0
4 .7
4 .3
3 .9
4.1
3 .9
3 .4
1 0 1 .8
1 0 0 .9
1 1 2 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 2 6 .9
L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing5
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ...............................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ...............................................................
Mining
T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .......................................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ..............................................................
8 .8
8 .5
8 .3
7 .4
7 .3
6 .8
6 .3
6 .2
5 .4
5 .9
4 .9
4 .4
5.1
4 .8
5 .0
4 .5
4.1
3 .9
3 .9
3 .9
3 .2
3 .7
2 .9
2 .7
152.1
1 37 .2
1 1 9 .5
1 2 9 .6
2 0 4 .7
14.6
1 4.3
1 4.2
1 3.0
13.1
1 2.2
1 1 .8
10.6
9 .9
9 .5
8 .8
8 .6
6 .8
6 .8
6 .7
6.1
5 .8
5 .5
5 .5
4 .9
4 .5
4 .4
4 .0
4 .2
1 4 2 .2
1 4 3 .3
1 4 7 .9
148.1
1 6 1 .9
14.0
1 3 .9
1 3 .4
Construction
T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ..............................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................
G e n e ra l b u ild in g c o n tra c to rs :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ........................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................................
H e a v y c o n s tru c tio n , e x c e p t b u ild ln q :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ...................................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................
S p e c ia l t ra d e s c o n tra c to rs :
T o ta l c a s e s ...................................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ............................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ...............................................................
12.0
1 2 .2
1 1.5
1 0.9
9 .8
9 .0
8 .5
8 .4
8 .0
6 .4
6 .5
6 .4
5 .5
5 .4
5.1
5.1
1 3 7 .6
1 3 2 .0
1 4 2 .7
-
-
4 .0
_
3 .7
_
3 .7
1 3 7 .3
4 .4
_
3 .9
1 32 .2
15.1
13.8
1 3 .8
1 2.8
12.1
11.1
1 0.2
9 .9
9 .0
8 .7
8 .2
7 .8
7 .0
6 .5
6 .3
6.0
5 .4
5.1
5.0
4 .8
4 .3
4 .3
4.1
3 .8
1 6 2 .3
147.1
1 4 4 .6
160.1
1 6 5 .8
1 4.7
1 4.6
1 4 .7
1 3 .8
1 2.8
12.5
11.1
1 0.4
1 0 .0
9.1
8 .9
7 .0
6 .9
6 .9
6 .3
6.1
5 .8
5 .8
5 .0
4 .8
4 .7
4.1
4 .4
141.1
1 4 4 .9
153.1
1 5 1 .3
1 6 8 .3
1 3.5
.
Manufacturing
T o ta l c a s e s .........................................................................
13.1
13.1
1 3 .2
1 2 .7
1 2 .5
12.1
12.2
1 1.6
1 0.6
1 0 .3
9 .7
9 .2
5 .7
5 .8
5 .8
5 .6
5 .4
5 .3
5 .5
4 .6
1 2 0 .7
1 2 1 .5
1 2 4 .6
-
-
4 .9
_
4 .7
1 1 3 .0
5 .3
_
4 .8
1 0 7 .4
1 4.2
14.1
1 4.2
1 3.6
1 3.4
13.1
1 3.5
1 2.8
1 1.6
1 1 .3
1 0 .7
10.1
5 .9
6.0
6 .0
5 .7
5 .5
5 .4
4 .8
1 2 3 .3
1 2 2 .9
1 2 6 .7
-
5.1
_
5 .0
1 1 6 .5
5 .6
_
5.1
111.1
5 .7
_
T o ta l c a s e s ...........................................................
1 9.5
1 8.4
18.1
1 6.8
1 6 .3
15.9
1 5 .7
1 4 .9
14.2
1 3 .5
1 3.2
1 3 .0
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .......................................................
10.0
9 .4
8 .8
8 .3
7 .6
7 .6
6 .7
1 7 2 .5
1 7 2 .0
1 6 5 .8
-
6 .8
_
6 .8
1 7 7 .5
7 .0
_
6 .5
189.1
7 .7
_
F u rn itu r e a n d fix tu re s :
T o ta l c a s e s ...........................................................................
1 6.6
16.1
1 6 .9
1 5 .9
1 4 .8
1 4.6
1 5.0
1 3 .9
1 2.2
1 2 .0
1 1.4
L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ......................................................
1 1 .5
7 .3
7 .2
7 .8
7 .2
6 .6
-
1 2 8 .4
6 .4
_
5 .4
_
5 .9
-
7 .0
_
5 .7
-
6 .5
-
5 .8
1 1 5 .7
16.0
1 5 .5
1 5 .4
1 4.8
13.6
1 3.8
13.2
1 2 .3
1 2 .4
1 1 .8
1 1.8
1 0 .7
7 .5
7 .4
7 .3
6 .8
6.1
1 56 .0
1 52 .2
6 .0
_
5 .4
1 6 0 .5
5 .7
_
6 .0
1 4 9 .8
6 .5
_
5 .7
1 41 .0
6 .3
-
1 9.4
18.7
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ................................................................
D u ra b le g o o d s :
T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ....................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ........................................................
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u c ts :
L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ..............................................................
S to n e , c la y , a n d q la s s p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s ..............................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ...............................................................
P rim a ry m e ta l in d u s trie s :
T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................
1 9.0
1 7.7
1 7 .5
1 7.0
1 6.8
1 6.5
1 5.0
1 5 .0
14.0
1 2 .9
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ............................................
8.2
8.1
8.1
7 .4
7.1
1 8 0 .2
169.1
1 7 5 .5
7 .2
_
6 .8
_
6 .3
1 68 .3
7 .2
_
7 .0
1 6 1 .3
7 .3
-
7 .2
L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................
1 8.8
1 8.5
1 8 .7
17.4
1 6 .8
16.2
16.4
1 5.8
1 4.4
14.2
1 3 .9
1 2.6
8 .0
7 .9
7 .9
7.1
6 .6
6 .5
6 .0
1 5 5 .7
1 4 6 .6
1 44 .0
6 .9
_
6 .4
1 4 7 .6
6 .7
_
6 .2
1 3 8 .8
6 .7
_
12.1
12.1
1 2.0
1 1.2
11.1
11.1
1 1.6
1 1.2
9 .9
1 0 .0
9 .5
8 .5
4 .7
4 .8
4 .7
4 .4
4 .2
8 6 .6
8 7 .7
4 .4
_
4 .0
_
3 .7
8 8 .9
4 .4
_
4 .0
8 6 .8
4 .2
_
4.1
8 2 .8
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s ....................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ............................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ...............................................................
_
_
In d u s tr ia l m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t:
T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ...........................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ..................................................
E le c tr o n ic a n d o th e r e le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t:
T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ...........................................
8.0
9.1
9.1
8 .6
8 .4
8 .3
8 .3
7 .6
6 .8
6 .6
5 .9
5 .7
3 .3
3 .9
3 .8
3 .7
3 .6
3 .5
3 .6
3 .3
3.1
3.1
2 .8
2 .8
8 3 .0
8 1 .2
_
_
1 8.3
1 8.7
1 8.5
1 9.6
1 8.6
16.3
1 5 .4
1 4 .6
1 3 .7
6 .9
7 .0
7.1
7.1
7 .8
7 .9
7 .0
6 .6
6 .6
6 .4
1 5 3 .7
166.1
1 8 6 .6
-
_
L o s t w o r k d a y s ..........................................................
6 4 .6
7 7 .5
7 9 .4
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t:
T o ta l c a s e s ....................................................................
1 7.7
1 7 .7
1 7 .8
6 .6
6 .8
1 34 .2
1 3 8 .6
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ..................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ..............................................
In s tru m e n ts a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s ....................................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s .............................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ...................................................................
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s trie s :
T o ta l c a s e s .................................................................
_
6.1
_
_
_
_
5 .6
5 .9
6 .0
5 .9
5 .6
5 .9
5 .3
5.1
4 .8
4 .0
4 .0
2 .6
2 .5
2 .7
2 .7
2 .7
2 .5
2 .7
2 .4
2 .3
2 .3
1.9
1.8
5 1 .5
5 5 .4
5 7 .8
6 4 .4
6 5 .3
-
-
_
_
1 1.3
11.1
1 1 .3
1 1.3
1 0 .7
1 0.0
9 .9
9.1
9 .5
8 .9
8.1
8 .4
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ...........................................
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5 .0
4 .6
4 .5
4 .3
4 .4
4 .2
3 .9
4 .0
L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................
9 1 .0 1
9 7 .6
113.1
1 04 .0
1 08 .2
-
-
-
-
-
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
Digitized for 104
FRASER
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D e c e m b e r 2001
46. Continued—Occupational injury and illness rates by industry,1 United States
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers3
Industry and type of case
1988
1989 1
1990
1991
1992
1993 4 1994 4 1995 4 1996 4 1997 4 1998 4
1999 4
N o n d u ra b le g o o d s :
T o ta l c a s e s .........................................................................................................
1 1 .4
1 1.6
11.7
1 1.5
1 1 .3
1 0 .7
1 0.5
9 .9
9 .2
8 .8
8 .2
7 .8
L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ..........................................................................................
5 .4
5 .5
5 .6
5 .5
5 .3
5 .0
5.1
4 .9
4 .6
4 .4
4 .3
4 .2
L o s t w o r k d a y s .....................................................................................................
1 0 1 .7
1 0 7 .8
1 1 6 .9
1 1 9 .7
1 2 1 .8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................................................
1 8.5
1 8.5
2 0 .0
1 9.5
1 8.8
1 7 .6
17.1
1 6 .3
1 5 .0
1 4 .5
1 3 .6
1 2 .7
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
9 .2
9 .3
9 .9
9 .9
9 .5
8 .9
9 .2
8 .7
8 .0
8 .0
7 .5
7 .3
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
1 69 .7
1 7 4 .7
2 0 2 .6
2 0 7 .2
2 1 1 .9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T o b a c c o p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................................................
9 .3
8 .7
7 .7
6 .4
6 .0
5 .8
5 .3
5 .6
6 .7
5 .9
6 .4
5 .5
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
2 .9
3 .4
3 .2
2 .8
2 .4
2 .3
2 .4
2 .6
2 .8
2 .7
3 .4
2 .2
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
5 3 .0
6 4 .2
6 2 .3
5 2 .0
4 2 .9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T e x tile m ill p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
9 .9
9 .7
8 .7
8 .2
7 .8
6 .7
7 .4
6 .4
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
4 .0
4 .2
4 .0
4 .4
4 .2
4.1
4 .0
4.1
3 .6
3.1
3 .4
3 .2
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
7 8 .8
8 1 .4
85.1
8 8 .3
87.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A p p a re l a n d o th e r te x tile p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
8.1
8 .6
8 .8
9 .2
9 .5
9 .0
8 .9
8 .2
7 .4
7 .0
6 .2
5 .8
9 .6
1 0 .3
9 .6
10.1
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
3 .5
3 .8
3 .9
4 .2
4 .0
3 .8
3 .9
3 .6
3 .3
3.1
2 .6
2 .8
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
6 8 .2
8 0 .5
92.1
9 9 .9
1 0 4 .6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P a p e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
11.0
9 .9
9 .6
8 .5
7 .9
7 .3
7.1
7 .0
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
5 .9
5 .8
5 .5
5.0
5 .0
4 .6
4 .5
4 .2
3 .8
3 .7
3 .7
3 .7
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
1 2 4 .3
1 3 2 .9
1 2 4 .8
1 2 2 .7
1 2 5 .9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P rin tin q a n d p u b lis h in q :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
6 .6
6 .9
6 .9
6 .7
7 .3
6 .9
6 .7
6 .4
6 .0
5 .7
5 .4
5 .0
13.1
1 2.7
12.1
1 1.2
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
3 .2
3 .3
3 .3
3.2
3 .2
3.1
3 .0
3 .0
2 .8
2 .7
2 .8
2 .6
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
5 9 .8
6 3 .8
6 9 .8
7 4 .5
7 4 .8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
7 .0
7.0
6 .5
6 .4
6 .0
5 .9
5 .7
5 .5
4 .8
4 .8
4 .2
4 .4
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
3 .3
3.2
3.1
3.1
2 .8
2 .7
2 .8
2 .7
2 .4
2 .3
2.1
2 .3
L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................................................................
5 9 .0
6 3 .4
6 1 .6
6 2 .4
6 4 .2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P e tro le u m a n d c o a l p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
7 .0
6 .6
6 .6
6 .2
5 .9
5 .2
4 .7
4 .8
4 .6
4 .3
3 .9
4.1
3 .2
3 .3
3.1
2 .9
2 .8
2 .5
2 .3
2 .4
2 .5
2 .2
1 .8
1 .8
L o s t w o r k d a y s ................................................................................................
6 8 .4
68.1
7 7 .3
6 8 .2
7 1 .2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s .....................................................................................................
1 6.3
16.2
1 6.2
15.1
1 4.5
1 3 .9
14.0
1 2 .9
1 2 .3
1 1 .9
1 1 .2
10.1
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
8.1
8.0
7 .8
7.2
6 .8
6 .5
6 .7
6 .5
6 .3
5 .8
5 .8
5 .5
L o s t w o r k d a y s ..................................................................................................
1 4 2 .9
1 4 7 .2
1 5 1 .3
1 5 0 .9
1 5 3 .3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p ro d u c ts :
T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................................................
1 1.4
1 3.6
12.1
1 2.5
12.1
12.1
12.0
1 1.4
1 0 .7
1 0.6
9 .8
1 0 .3
4 .5
_
4 .3
_
4 .5
_
5 .0
_
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
5 .6
6 .5
5 .9
5 .9
5 .4
1 28 .2
1 3 0 .4
1 5 2 .3
1 4 0 .8
1 2 8 .5
5 .5
_
5 .3
_
4 .8
_
T o ta l c a s e s .........................................................................................................
8 .9
9 .2
9 .6
9 .3
9.1
9 .5
9 .3
9.1
8 .7
8 .2
7 .3
7 .3
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ..........................................................................................
5.1
5 .3
5 .5
5 .4
5.1
5 .4
5 .5
5 .2
5.1
4 .8
4 .3
4 .4
L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................
1 18 .6
1 2 1 .5
134.1
1 40 .0
1 44 .0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ......................................................................................
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .........................................................................................
L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................
7 .8
8.0
8 .4
8.1
7 .9
7 .5
6 .8
6 .7
6 .5
6.1
3 .5
3 .6
3 .5
3 .4
3 .5
3 .4
3 .4
3 .2
2 .9
3 .0
2 .8
2 .7
6 0 .9
6 3 .5
6 5 .6
7 2 .0
80.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7 .6
7 .7
7 .4
7.2
7 .6
7 .8
7 .7
7 .5
6 .6
6 .5
6 .5
6 .3
7 .9
7 .6
W h o le s a le tra d e :
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .........................................................................................
3 .8
4 .0
3 .7
3 .7
3 .6
3 .7
3 .8
3 .6
3 .4
3 .2
3 .3
3 .3
L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................
6 9 .2
7 1 .9
7 1 .5
7 9 .2
8 2 .4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R e ta il tra d e :
8 .7
8 .2
7 .9
7 .5
6 .9
6 .8
6 .5
6.1
L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s .........................................................................................
3 .4
3 .4
3 .4
3 .3
3 .4
3 .3
3 .3
3 .0
2 .8
2 .9
2 .7
2 .5
L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................
5 7 .6
6 0 .0
6 3 .2
69.1
7 9 .2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7 .9
8.1
7 .7
8.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate
T o ta l c a s e s .........................................................................................................
2 .0
2 .0
2 .4
2 .4
2 .9
2 .9
2 .7
2 .6
2 .4
2 .2
.7
1 .8
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .........................................................................................
.9
.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.5
.8
L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................
17.2
1 7.6
2 7 .3
24.1
3 2 .9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Services
5 .4
5 .5
6 .0
6 .2
7.1
6 .7
6 .5
6 .4
6 .0
5 .6
5 .2
4 .9
L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .........................................................................................
2 .6
2 .7
2 .8
2 .8
3 .0
2 .8
2 .8
2 .8
2 .6
2 .5
2 .4
2 .2
L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................
4 7 .7
5 1 .2
5 6 .4
6 0 .0
6 8 .6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 D a ta fo r 1 9 8 9 a n d s u b s e q u e n t y e a rs a re b a s e d on th e Standard Industrial Class
ification M anual, 1 9 8 7 E d itio n . F o r th is re a s o n , th e y a re n o t s tric tly c o m p a ra b le w ith d a ta
fo r th e y e a r s
1 9 8 5 - 8 8 , w h ic h w e re b a s e d on th e Standard Industrial Classification
M anual, 1 9 7 2 E d itio n , 1 9 7 7 S u p p le m e n t.
2 B e g in n in g w ith th e 1 9 9 2 s u rv e y , th e a n n u a l s u rv e y m e a s u re s o n ly n o n fa ta l in ju rie s a n d
N = n u m b e r o f in ju rie s a n d illn e s s e s o r lo s t w o rk d a y s ;
EH = to ta l h o u rs w o rk e d b y all e m p lo y e e s d u rin g th e c a le n d a r y e a r; a n d
2 0 0 ,0 0 0 = b a s e fo r 1 00 fu ll-tim e e q u iv a le n t w o rk e rs (w o rk in g 4 0 h o u rs p e r w e e k , 5 0
w e e k s p e r y e a r).
4
B e g in n in g w ith th e 1 9 9 3 s u rv e y , lo s t w o rk d a y e s tim a te s w ill n o t b e g e n e r a te d . A s o f
illn e s s e s , w h ile p a s t s u rv e y s c o v e re d b o th fa ta l a n d n o n fa ta l in c id e n ts . T o b e tte r a d d re s s
1 9 9 2 , B L S b e g a n g e n e ra tin g p e rc e n t d is trib u tio n s a n d th e m e d ia n n u m b e r o f d a y s a w a y
fa ta litie s , a b a s ic e le m e n t o f w o rk p la c e s a fe ty , B L S im p le m e n te d th e C e n s u s o f F a ta l
fro m w o rk b y in d u s try a n d fo r g ro u p s o f w o rk e rs s u s ta in in g s im ila r w o rk d is a b ilitie s .
O c c u p a tio n a l In ju rie s .
3 T h e in c id e n c e ra te s re p re s e n t th e n u m b e r o f in ju rie s a n d illn e s s e s o r lo s t w o rk d a y s p e r
6 E x c lu d e s fa rm s w ith fe w e r th a n 11 e m p lo y e e s s in c e 1 9 7 6 .
D a sh in d ic a te s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le .
1 0 0 fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs a n d w e re c a lc u la te d a s (N /E H ) X 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 , w h e re :
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w
D e c e m b e r 2001
105
Current Labor Statistics:
Injury and Illness
4 7 . F ata l o c c u p a tio n a l injuries b y e v e n t o r e x p o s u re , 1 9 9 4 -2 0 0 0
F a ta litie s
E ve n t o r e x p o s u re 1
1 9 9 4 -9 8
19992
A v e ra g e
N um ber
T o t a l..................................................................................................
6 pan
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n c i d e n t s ...................................................................................
2000
N um ber
P e rc e n t
2 ,6 4 0
2 ,6 1 8
2 ,5 7 1
43
H ig h w a y in c id e n t ..................................................................................................
1 ,3 7 4
1 ,4 9 6
1 ,3 6 3
23
C o llis io n b e tw e e n v e h ic le s , m o b ile e q u ip m e n t ..................................
662
714
8Q4
M o v in g in s a m e d ir e c t io n ......................................................................
113
1PQ
M o v in g in o p p o s ite d ir e c tio n s , o n c o m in g ..........................................
240
270
M o v in g in in t e r s e c t io n .......................................................................
136
161
V e h ic le s t r u c k s t a tio n a r y o b je c t o r e q u ip m e n t ...................................
272
334
N o n c o llis io n in c id e n t ..........................................................................
368
390
243
4
279
5
J a c k k n ife d o r o v e r tu r n e d — n o c o llis io n ..............................................
280
322
3 Od
N o n h ig h w a y (fa rm , in d u s tr ia l p re m is e s ) in c id e n t..................................
387
352
3QQ
215
206
213
4
1
O v e r tu r n e d ..............................................................................
A ir c r a f t ......................................................................................................
304
W o r k e r s t r u c k b y a v e h ic le ...........................................................................
382
377
W a t e r v e h ic le in c id e n t ........................................................................................
104
1 02
84
78
56
71
1
1 ,1 6 8
909
929
16
R a ilw a y ..........................................................................................................
A s s a u l t s a n d v i o l e n t a c t s ..................................................................................
H o m ic id e s ............................................................................................
S h o o tin g ..........................................................................................................
S ta b b in g ......................................................................................................
O th e r , in c lu d in g b o m b in g ........................................................................
S e lf- in flic te d in ju r ie s ............................................................................
C o n t a c t w i t h o b j e c t s a n d e q u ip m e n t .........................................................
923
651
677
11
748
509
533
9
68
62
66
107
80
78
1
215
218
220
4
1
984
1 ,0 3 0
1 ,0 0 5
17
564
585
570
10
364
358
357
6
60
55
61
1
C a u g h t in o r c o m p r e s s e d b y e q u ip m e n t o r o b je c ts .............................
281
302
294
5
C a u g h t in r u n n in g e q u ip m e n t o r m a c h in e r y .........................................
148
163
157
3
C a u g h t in o r c ru s h e d in c o lla p s in g m a te r ia ls ..........................................
124
129
123
2
Falls................................................................................................
686
721
734
12
F a ll to lo w e r le v e l.................................................................................................
11
S tr u c k b y o b je c t ..............................................................................
S tr u c k b y fa llin g o b je c t ....................................................................................
S tr u c k b y f ly in g o b je c t ................................................................
609
634
659
F a ll fr o m la d d e r ..................................................................................................
101
96
110
2
F a ll fr o m r o o f .......................................................................................................
146
153
150
3
2
F a ll fr o m s c a ffo ld , s t a g in g ............................................................................
89
92
85
53
70
56
1
583
533
480
8
C o n t a c t w it h e le c tr ic c u r r e n t .............................................................................
322
280
256
4
C o n t a c t w ith o v e r h e a d p o w e r lin e s ..........................................................
136
125
128
F a ll o n s a m e le v e l.............................................................................................
Exposure to harmful substances or environments.........................
C o n t a c t w ith te m p e r a t u r e e x tr e m e s .............................................................
45
51
29
2
_
E x p o s u r e t o c a u s tic , n o x io u s , o r a lle r g e n ic s u b s ta n c e s ....................
118
108
1 00
2
In h a la tio n o f s u b s t a n c e s ................................................................................
66
55
48
1
96
92
93
2
77
75
74
1
199
216
177
3
21
27
19
O x y g e n d e f ic ie n c y ..................................................................................
D r o w n in g , s u b m e r s io n ..............................................................................
Fires and explosions....................................................................
Other events or exposures3..............................................
1
B ased
o n th e
1992
BLS O c c u p a tio n a l In ju r y a n d
Illn e s s
3
-
In c lu d e s th e c a te g o r y " B o d ily re a c tio n a n d e x e r tio n ."
C la s s if ic a t io n S tr u c tu r e s .
2
T h e BLS n e w s r e le a s e is s u e d A u g u s t 1 7 , 2 0 0 0 , re p o rte d a
to ta l o f 6 ,0 2 3 fa ta l w o r k in ju r ie s fo r c a le n d a r y e a r 1 9 9 9 .
th e n ,
an
a d d itio n a l
31
jo b - r e la te d
fa ta litie s
w e re
S in c e
id e n tifie d ,
b r in g in g t h e to ta l jo b - r e la t e d fa t a lity c o u n t f o r 1 9 9 9 to 6 ,0 5 4 .
Monthly Labor Review
Digitized for 106
FRASER
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N0TE:
T o ta ls
fo r
m a jo r
c a te g o r ie s
c a te g o r ie s n o t s h o w n s e p a ra te ly .
to ta ls
b ecause
p e rc e n t.
December 2001
o f ro u n d in g .
m ay
in c lu d e
sub
P e r c e n ta g e s m a y n o t a d d to
D ash
in d ic a te s
le s s
th a n
0 .5
Monthly Labor Review
In d e x to V o lu m e 124
J a n u a ry 2001 through D e c e m b e r 2001
Changes in State I c ^ ^ O O ^ . ^
• Labor
J § ||||C
• Workers’ compensation
• Unemployment insurance
Employment-at-wi§<$0&ifihe
.Contingent work
U.S.-Canadian manufacturing
productivity
Pension and retirement
benefits
Alternative work arrangements
Fle$jbl4 work schedules and
wage differentials
February
^January
March
Electronic business
Mültifàctor productivity
Measuring job
v
and establishmentilgyss
Workers with minimum wage
careers
Worker displacement
Consumer inflations 2000
A century of family budgets
Retirement age
-fl t?
Leontjpf'BLS partnership
Single mothers and work.}%
Welfare reform data
Producer prices in 2000
A model for seasonal
adjustment
| | f Profile
Family and medical leave
• Initiation into labor
¿gtihgrket
§:: ? ^hool-to-work programs
Job creation in the WashingtonBàftimòre area
August
Employment outlook: 2000-10
* U.S. economy
Retirement age
The bls wage query system:
a new tool
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Employment Cb$tipdex
Youth employment:
July
Employment in services
Septem ber
Retail trade productivity
• Labor force ,
Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey ( jolts)
f Industries
and employment
North American Industry
Classification System ( n a ic s )
• Q&tipdtions
October
June
M ay
'% ^A pril
Novem ber
• Implementation
• First look at data
Decem ber
Index to Volume 24
Index to Volume 124
January 2001 through December 2001
A
The. 2001 June 38-10.
Alternative work (See also Contingent work.)
Czechoslovakia
Characteristics of and preference for alternative work arrangements,
1999. 2001 Mar. 28-49.
Rise in Czech unemployment, 1998-2000, The. 2001 May 46-51.
Contingent work in the late-1990s. 2001 Mar. 3-27.
D
Flexible work schedules: what are we trading off to get them? 2001
Mar. 50-67.
Displaced workers (see also Unemployment.)
B
E
Benefits
Changing retirement age: ups and downs. 2001 Apr. 3-12.
Family and medical leave: evidence from the 2000 surveys. 2001
Sept. 17-23.
Pension integration and retirement benefits. 2001 Feb. 49-58.
bls
Worker displacement in a strong labor market. 2001 June 13-28.
E-business (See Electronic business.)
Earnings and wages
wage query systems, The: a new tool to access wage data. 2001
Oct. 22-27.
bls
Changing retirement age: ups and downs. 2001 Apr. 3-12.
Longitudinal Database
Job creation and destruction within Washington and Baltimore. 2001
Sept. 24-31.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Leontief-BLS partnership: a new framework for measurement, The.
2001 June 29-37.
c
Do some workers have minimum wage careers? 2001 May 17-27.
First look at employment and wages using naics, A. 2001 Dec. 2 2 31.
Wage differentials associated with flextime. 2001 Mar. 68-75.
Welfare reform data from the Survey of Income and Program Par
ticipation. 2001 July 13-24.
Economic development and growth
Canada
Perspective on the U.S.-Canada manufacturing productivity gap,
A. 2001 Feb. 31-18.
Job market in 2000: slowing down as the year ended, The. 2001
Feb. 3-30.
U.S. economy to 2010, The. 2001 Nov. 3-20.
Compensation costs
Education and training
Employment Cost Index, The: what is it? 2001 Sept. 3-16.
Computers (See Technological change.)
Information technology workers in the new economy. 2001 June
41-45.
Consumer expenditures
Electronic business
Expenditures of college-age students and nonstudents. 2001 July
46-50.
Employment impact of electronic business. 2001 May 3-16.
Employment
Consumer Price Index
First look at employment and wages using naics, A. 2001 Dec. 22-31.
Consumer inflation higher in 2000. 2001 Apr. 21-24.
Contingent work in the late-1990s. 2001 Mar. 3-27.
Contingent work (See also Alternative work.)
Contingent work in the late-1990s. 2001 Mar. 3-27.
Characteristics of and preference for alternative work arrangements,
1999. 2001 Mar. 28^19.
Current Population Survey
Do some workers have minimum wage careers? 2001 May 17-27.
Estimates of union density by State. 2001 July 51-55.
Employment-at-will doctrine, The: three major exceptions. 2001 Jan. 3-11.
Lack of a disability measure in today’s Current Population Survey,
Employment impact of electronic business. 2001 May 3-16.
108 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Employment in services industries affected by recessions and ex
pansions. 2001 Oct. 3-11.
Industry output and employment projections to 2010. 2001 Nov.
39-56.
Information technology workers in the new economy. 2001 June
41-45.
Job creation and destruction within Washington and Baltimore. 2001
Sept. 24-31.
Job market in 2000: slowing down as the year ended, The. 2001
Feb. 3-30.
Labor force projections to 2010: steady growth and changing com
position. 2001 Nov. 21-38.
Multiple jobholding in States, 2000. 2001 July 56-57.
Occupational employment projections to 2010. 2001 Nov. 57-84.
Racial differences in youth employment. 2001 Aug. 51-67.
Hours of work
Flexible work schedules: what are we trading off to get them? 2001
Mar. 50-67.
Wage differentials associated with flextime. 2001 Mar. 68-75.
I
Industry
First look at employment and wages using naics , A. 2001 Dec. 2 2 31.
Implementing the North American Industry Classification System
atBLS. 2001 Dec. 15-21.
Industry output and employment projections to 2010. 2001 Nov.
39-56.
U.S. economy to 2010, The. 2001 Nov. 3-20.
Multifactor productivity trends in manufacturing industries, 1987—
96. 2001 June 3-12.
Welfare reform data from the Survey of Income and Program Par
ticipation. 2001 July 13-24.
Perspective on the U.S.-Canada manufacturing productivity gap,
A. 2001 Feb. 31-48.
Worker displacement in a strong labor market. 2001 June 13-28.
Industry studies (Specific)
Youth employment during school: results from two longitudinal
surveys. 2001 Aug. 25-37.
Labor productivity in the retail trade industry, 1987-99. 2001 Dec.
3-14.
Youth employment in the United States. 2001 Aug. 6-17.
Inflation
Youth initiation into the labor market. 2001 Aug. 18-24.
Consumer inflation higher in 2000. 2001 Apr. 21-24.
Employment Cost Index
Producer prices in 2000: energy goods continue to climb. 2001 July
25-36. Erratum. 2001 Aug. 72.
Employment Cost Index, The: what is it? 2001 Sept. 3-16.
Europe
Information technology (See also Technological change.)
Rise in Czech unemployment, 1998-2000, The. 2001 May 4 6 51.
Employment impact of electronic business. 2001 May 3-16.
F
Family budgets
Century of family budgets in the United States, A. 2001 May 2 8 45.
Expenditures of college-age students and nonstudents. 2001 July
46-50.
Family and Medical Leave Act (fmla )
Family and medical leave: evidence from the 2000 surveys. 2001
Sept. 17-23.
Family issues
Information technology workers in the new economy. 2001 June
41-45.
International comparisons
Perspective on the U.S.-Canada manufacturing productivity gap,
A. 2001 Feb. 31-48.
J
Job satisfaction
Flexible work schedules: what are we trading off to get them? 2001
Mar. 50-67.
Job creation
Century of family budgets in the United States, A. 2001 May 28-45.
Job creation and destruction within Washington and Baltimore. 2001
Sept. 24-31.
Family and medical leave: evidence from the 2000 surveys. 2001
Sept. 17-23.
Measuring job and establishment flows with
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
bls
longitudinal
Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (jolts)
H
New tools for labor market analysis:
jolts.
2001 Dec. 32-37.
Hispanic workers
Job vacancies
Racial differences in youth employment. 2001 Aug. 51-67.
New tools for labor market analysis: JOLTS. 2001 Dec. 32-37.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
109
Index to Volume 24
L
Labor organizations
Labor and economic history
Estimates of union density by State. 2001 July 51-55.
Leontief-BLS partnership: a new framework for measurement, The.
Labor turnover
New tools for labor market analysis:
2001 June 29-37.
jolts.
2001 Dec. 32-37.
Labor force
Leontief, Wassily
Are single mothers finding jobs without displacing other workers?
2001 July 3-12.
Leontief-BLS partnership: a new framework for measurement, The.
2001 June 29-37.
Characteristics of and preference for alternative work arrangements,
1999. 2001 Mar. 28-49.
Contingent work in the late-1990s. 2001 Mar. 3-27.
Do some workers have minimum wage careers? 2001 May 17-27.
Flexible work schedules: what are we trading off to get them? 2001
Mar. 50-67.
Job market in 2000: slowing down as the year ended, The. 2001
Feb. 3-30.
Labor force projections to 2010: steady growth and changing com
position. 2001 Nov. 21-38.
Racial differences in youth employment. 2001 Aug. 51-67.
Retirement age declines again in 1990s. 2001 Oct. 12-21.
M
Manufacturing
Multifactor productivity trends in manufacturing industries, 198796. 2001 June 3-12.
Perspective on the U.S.-Canada manufacturing productivity gap,
A. 2001 Feb. 31-48.
Minority workers
Racial differences in youth employment. 2001 Aug. 51-67.
Multiple jobholders
Multiple jobholding in States, 2000. 2001 July 56-57.
Why the “average age of retirement” is a misleading measure of
labor supply. 2001 Dec. 38—40.
N
Youth employment in the United States. 2001 Aug. 6-17.
National Compensation Survey
Labor history
wage query systems, The: a new tool to access wage data. 2001
Oct. 22-27.
bls
Employment-at-will doctrine, The: three major exceptions. 2001
Jan. 3—11.
Labor law
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
nlsy97,
Employment-at-will doctrine, The: three major exceptions. 2001
Jan. 3—11.
Changes in unemployment insurance legislation in 2000. 2001 Jan.
29-34.
Changes in workers’ compensation laws during 2000. 2001 Jan.
25-28.
State labor legislation enacted in 2000. 2001 Jan. 12-24.
The: an introduction. 2001 Aug. 3-5.
Racial differences in youth employment. 2001 Aug. 51-67.
School-to-work programs: information from two surveys. 2001 Aug.
38-50.
Youth employment during school: results from two longitudinal
surveys. 2001 Aug. 25-37.
Youth employment in the United States. 2001 Aug. 6-17.
Youth initiation into the labor market. 2001 Aug. 18-24.
Labor market
Are single mothers finding jobs without displacing other workers?
2001 July 3-12.
New economy
Information technology workers in the new economy. 2001 June
41-45.
Characteristics of and preference for alternative work arrangements,
1999. 2001 Mar. 28^19.
North American Industry Classification System (naics )
Contingent work in the late-1990s. 2001 Mar. 3-27.
First look at employment and wages using naics, A. 2001 Dec. 2 2 31.
Job creation and destruction within Washington and Baltimore. 2001
Sept. 24-31.
Job market in 2000: slowing down as the year ended, The. 2001
Feb. 3-30.
New tools for labor market analysis:
jolts.
2001 Dec. 32-37.
Implementing the North American Industry Classification System
at b l s . 2001 Dec. 15-21.
o
Worker displacement in a strong labor market. 2001 June 13-28.
Occupations
Youth initiation into the labor market. 2001 Aug. 18-24.
Do some workers have minimum wage careers? 2001 May 17-27.
Monthly Labor Review
Digitized for110
FRASER
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Employment impact of electronic business. 2001 May 3-16.
Retirement ages declines again in 1990s. 2001 Oct. 12-21.
Occupational employment projections to 2010. 2001 Nov. 57-84.
Why the “average age of retirement” is a misleading measure of
labor supply. 2001 Dec. 38-40.
Older workers
Retirement ages declines again in 1990s. 2001 Oct. 12-21.
s
P
Salaries (See Earnings and wages.)
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act (PRWOR)
SchooI-to-Work Opportunities Act
School-to-work programs: information from two surveys. 2001 Aug.
38-50.
Are single mothers finding jobs without displacing other workers?
2001 July 3-12.
School Administrators Survey
Welfare reform data from the Survey of Income and Program Par
ticipation. 2001 July 13-24.
School-to-work programs: information from two surveys. 2001 Aug.
38-50.
Prices
Service sector
Consumer inflation higher in 2000. 2001 Apr. 21-24.
Employment in services industries affected by recessions and ex
pansions. 2001 Oct. 3-11.
Producer prices in 2000: energy goods continue to climb. 2001 July
25-36. Erratum. 2001 Aug. 72.
Social Security
Producer Price Index
Pension integration and retirement benefits. 2001 Feb. 49-58.
Producer prices in 2000: energy goods continue to climb. 2001 July
25-36. Erratum. 2001 Aug. 72.
State Government
Productivity
Employment impact of electronic business. 2001 May 3-16.
Changes in unemployment insurance legislation in 2000. 2001 Jan.
29-34.
Labor productivity in the retail trade industry, 1987-99. 2001 Dec.
3-14.
Changes in workers’ compensation laws during 2000. 2001 Jan.
25-28.
Measuring job and establishment flows with
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
Statistical programs and methods (See also Survey methods.)
bls
longitudinal
State labor legislation enacted in 2000. 2001 Jan. 12-24.
Employment Cost Index, The: what is it? 2001 Sept. 3-16.
M ultifactor productivity trends in m anufacturing industries,
1987-96. 2001 June 3-12.
Lack of a disability measure in today’s Current Population Survey,
The. 2001 June 38-40.
Perspective on the U.S.-Canada manufacturing productivity gap, A.
2001 Feb. 31-48.
Leontief-BLS partnership: a new framework for measurement, The.
2001 June 29-37.
Projections
Measuring job and establishment flows with BLS longitudinal
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
Employment outlook: 2000-2010: a special issue. 2001 Nov. 3-84.
The U.S. economy to 2010.
Labor force projections to 2010: steady growth and changing
composition.
Industry output and employment projections to 2010.
Occupational employment projections to 2010.
R
Recessions
Employment in services industries affected by recessions and ex
pansions. 2001 Oct. 3-11.
Perspective on the U.S.-Canada manufacturing productivity gap,
A. 2001 Feb. 31^18.
State space model-based method of seasonal adjustment, A. 2001
July 37—45.
Statistics
State space model-based method o f seasonal adjustment, A. 2001
July 37—45.
Why the “average age of retirement” is a misleading measure of
labor supply. 2001 Dec. 38—40.
Survey methods (See also Statistical programs and methods.)
Retail trade industry
bls
Labor productivity in the retail trade industry, 1987-99. 2001 Dec.
3-14.
Employment Cost Index, The: what is it? 2001 Sept. 3-16.
Retirement
wage query systems, The: a new tool to access wage data. 2001
Oct. 22-27.
Changing retirement age: ups and downs. 2001 Apr. 3-12.
First look at employment and wages using naics, A. 2001 Dec. 2 2 31.
Pension integration and retirement benefits. 2001 Feb. 49-58.
Implementing the North American Industry Classification System
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
111
Index to Volume 24
Y
atBLS. 2001 Dec. 15-21.
Lack of a disability measure in today’s Current Population Survey,
The. 2001 June 38-40.
Leontief-BLS partnership: a new framework for measurement, The.
2001 June 29-37.
Measuring job and establishment flows with
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
New tools for labor market analysis:
jolts.
bls
longitudinal
2001 Dec. 32-37.
NLSY97, The: an introduction. 2001 Aug. 3-5.
Youth (See also Labor force, Education and training.)
Youth employment: a special issue. 2001 Aug. 3-67.
The nlsy97: an introduction.
Youth employment in the United States.
Youth initiation into the labor market.
Youth employment during school: results from two longitudinal
surveys.
School-to-work programs: information from two surveys.
Racial differences in youth employment.
State space model-based method of seasonal adjustment, A. 2001
July 37—45.
Survey of Income and Program Participation
DEPARTMENTS
Employment impact of electronic business. 2001 May 3-16.
At issue. Dec. issue.
Book reviews. Jan.-Oct., and Dec. issues.
Commentary. Dec. issue.
Current labor statistics. Each issue.
International report. May issue.
Labor month in review. Each issue.
Précis. Jan.-Oct., and Dec. issues.
u
Publications received. Feb., May, Aug., and Dec. issues.
Regional trends. July issue.
Research summaries. June and July issues.
Welfare reform data from the Survey of Income and Program Par
ticipation. 2001 July 13-24.
T
Technological change (See also Information technology.)
Unemployment (See also Employment, Labor force.)
Employment-at-will doctrine, The: three major exceptions. 2001
Jan. 3-11.
BOOK REVIEWS (Listed by author of book.)
Worker displacement in a strong labor market. 2001 June 13-28.
Applebaum, Eileen, Thomas Bailey, Peter Berg and Arne Kalleberg.
Rise in Czech unemployment, 1998-2000, The. 2001 May 46-51.
Manufacturing Advantage: Why High Performance Work Sys
tems Pay Off 2001 Apr. 29-30.
Unemployment insurance
Applebaum, Herbert. Construction Workers, U.S.A. 2001 Apr. 26-27.
Changes in unemployment insurance legislation in 2000. 2001 Jan.
29-34.
Bailey, Thomas, Eileen Applebaum, Peter Berg and Arne Kalleberg.
Union membership and elections
Estimates of union density by State. 2001 July 51-55.
Manufacturing Advantage: Why High Performance Work Sys
tems Pay O ff 2001 Apr. 29-30.
Bargal, David and Michàl E. Mor Barak, eds. Social Services in the
Workplace: Repositioning Occupational Social Work in the New
Millennium. 2001 July 59.
w
Berg, Peter, Eileen Applebaum, Thomas Bailey and Arne Kalleberg.
Welfare reform
Are single mothers finding jobs without displacing other workers?
2001 July 3-12.
Welfare reform data from the Survey of Income and Program Par
ticipation. 2001 July 13-24.
Manufacturing Advantage: Why High Performance Work Sys
tems Pay O ff 2001 Apr. 29-30.
Blank, Rebecca M., David T. Ellwood, and others. A Working Na
tion: Workers: Work, and Government in the New Economy. 2001
Sept. 34-36.
Caplow, Theodore and Reece J. McGee. The Academic Marketplace.
2001 Oct. 31-32.
Women (See also Family issues.)
Are single mothers finding jobs without displacing other workers?
2001 July 3-12.
Work experience (See Labor force.)
Chappell, Duncan and Vittorio Di Martino. Violence at Work. 2001
May 53.
Workers’ compensation
Dabir-Alai, Parvis and Mehmet Odekon. Economic Liberalization
and Labor Markets. 2001 Apr. 27-29.
Changes in workers’ compensation laws during 2000. 2001 Jan.
25-28.
Di Martino, Vittorio and Duncan Chappell. Violence at Work. 2001
May 53.
112 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Ellwood, David T., Rebecca M. Blank, and others. A Working Na
tion: Workers: Work and Government in the New Economy. 2001
Sept. 34-36.
Gould, William B., IV. Labored Relations—Law, Politics, and the
NLRB: A Memoir. 2001 Aug. 69.
Graubard, Stephen R., ed. The American Academic Profession. 2001
Oct. 32-33.
Feb. 49-58.
Berman, Jay M. Industry output and employment projections to
2010. 2001 Nov. 39-56.
Boles, Bonita Louise. Book review. 2001 Apr. 26-27.
Brand, Horst. Book reviews. 2001 Apr. 27-29, June 47—48, and
Sept. 34-36.
Hayden, Anders. Sharing the Work Sparing the Planet. 2001 Jan. 36.
Carrington, William J. and Bruce C. Fallick. Do some workers have
minimum wage careers? 2001 May 17-27.
Hirschberg, David. The Job-Generation Controversy: The Economic
Myth o f Small Business. 2001 Oct. 33.
Cashman, John. Book review. 2001 July 59-60.
International Labor Office. World Labour Report 2000: Income Se
curity and Social Protection in a Changing World. 2001 June
47-48.
Kalleberg, Arne, Eileen Applebaum, Thomas Bailey and Peter Berg.
Manufacturing Advantage: Why High Performance Work Sys
tems Pay Off. 2001 Apr. 29-30.
Kern, William S., ed. The Economics o f Sports. 2001 Dec. 44.
McGee, Reece J. and Theodore Caplow. The Academic Marketplace.
2001 Oct. 31-32.
Markowitz. Linda. Worker Activism After Successful Union Orga
nizing. 2001 Sept. 33-34.
Maxwell, Nan L. and Victor Rubin. High School Career Academies:
A Pathway to Educational Reform in Urban School Districts?
2001 Oct. 31.
Clark, Kelly A. and Rosemary Hyson. New tools for labor market
analysis: j o l t s . 2001 Dec. 32-37.
Corley, Marva E. Book review. 2001 Apr. 29-30.
Coyle, Eugene. Book review. 2001 Jan. 36.
DiNatale, Marisa. Book review. 2001 Feb. 60-61.
Dreijmanis, John. Book reviews. 2001 Oct. 31-32 and 32-33.
Dumas, Mark, Brian Friedman, and Mark Sieling. Labor produc
tivity in the retail trade industry, 1987-99. 2001 Dec. 3-14.
Eldridge, Lucy P. and Mark K. Sherwood. Perspective on the U.S.Canada manufacturing productivity gap, A. 2001 Feb. 31-48.
Faberman, R. Jason. Job creation and destruction within Washing
ton and Baltimore. 2001 Sept. 24-31.
Fallick, Bruce C. and William J. Carrington. Do some workers have
minimum wage careers? 2001 May 17-27.
McIntosh, Robert. Boys in the Pits: Child Labour in Coal Mines.
2001 Mar. 77-78.
Fisher, Ronnie H. Book review. 2001 July 59.
Mor Barak, Michal E. and David Bargal, eds. Social Services in the
Friedman, Brian, Mark Sieling, and Mark Dumas. Labor produc
tivity in the retail trade industry, 1987-99. 2001 Dec. 3-14.
Workplace: Repositioning Occupational Social Work in the New
Millennium. 2001 July 59.
Fisher, Sylvia Kay. Book review. 2001 May 53.
Frumkin, Norman. Book review. 2001 Oct. 33-34.
Odekon, Mehmet and Parvis Dabir-Alai. Economic Liberalization
and Labor Markets. 2001 Apr. 27-29.
Fullerton, Howard N, Jr. and Mitra Toossi. Labor force projections to
2010: steady growth and changing composition. 2001 Nov. 21-38.
Palmer, David. Organizing the Shipyards: Union Strategy in Three
Northeast Ports, 1933-1945. 2001 July 59-60.
Gardecki, RosellaM. Racial differences in youth employment. 2001
Aug. 51-67.
Phelan, Craig. Grand Master Workman: Terence Powderly and the
Knights o f Labor. 2001 Oct. 30.
Gendell, Murray. Retirement ages declines again in 1990s. 2001
Oct. 12-21.
Reich, Robert. The Future o f Success. 2001 Oct. 29.
Gitter, Robert J. Book review. 2001 Oct. 31.
Rogers, Jackie Krasas. Temps: The Many Faces o f the Changing
Workplace. 2001 Feb. 60-61.
Gittleman, Maury and William J. Wiatrowski. bls wage query sys
tems, The: a new tool to access wage data. 2001 Oct. 22-27.
Rubin, Victor and Nan L. Maxwell. High School Career Academies:
Goodman, William C. Employment in services industries affected
by recessions and expansions. 2001 Oct. 3-11.
A Pathway to Educational Reform in Urban School Districts?
2001 Oct. 31.
AUTHORS
Ahmed, Ziaul Z. and Patricia S. Wilder. M ultifactor productiv
ity trends in manufacturing industries, 1987-96. 2001 June
3-12.
Bavier, Richard. Welfare reform data from the Survey of Income
and Program Participation. 2001 July 13-24.
Bender, Keith A. Pension integration and retirement benefits. 2001
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Guzda, Henry P. Book review. 2001 Sept. 33-34.
Hecker, Daniel E. Employment impact of electronic business. 2001
May 3-16.
Hecker, Daniel E. Occupational employment projections to 2010.
2001 Nov. 57-84.
Helwig, Ryan T. Worker displacement in a strong labor market. 2001
June 13-28.
Hiles, David R. H. First look at employment and wages using n a i c s ,
A. 2001 Dec. 22-31.
Monthly Labor Review
December 2001
113
Index to Volume 24
Hippie, Steven. Contingent work in the late-1990s. 2001 Mar. 3-27.
Reynolds, Joy K. Book review. 2001 Aug. 69.
Hirsch, Barry T., David A. Macpherson, and Wayne G Vroman.
Estimates of union density by State. 2001 July 51-55.
Roberts, Markley. Book review. 2001 Oct. 30.
Horrigan, Michael and James Walker.
tion. 2001 Aug. 3-5.
nlsy 97,
The: an introduc
Huang, Lynn, Michael Pergamit, and Jamie Shkolnik. Youth initia
tion into the labor market. 2001 Aug. 18-24.
Hyson, Rosemary and Kelly A. Clark. New tools for labor market
analysis: jolts. 2001 Dec. 32-37.
Jain, Raj K. State space model-based method of seasonal adjust
ment, A. 2001 July 37—45.
Rogers, John M., David S. Johnson, and Lucilla Tan. Century of
family budgets in the United States, A. 2001 May 28-45.
Rothstein, Donna S. Youth employment in the United States. 2001
Aug. 6-17.
Rothstein, Donna S. Youth employment during school: results from
two longitudinal surveys. 2001 Aug. 25-37.
Ruser, John W. Employment Cost Index, The: what is it? 2001 Sept.
3-16.
Johnson, David S., John M. Rogers, and Lucilla Tan. Century of
family budgets in the United States, A. 2001 May 28-45.
Searson, Michael A., Timothy Pivetz, and James R. Spletzer. Mea
suring jo b and establishment flows with bls longitudinal
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
Johnson, Richard. Why the “average age of retirement” is a mis
leading measure of labor supply. 2001 Dec. 38-40.
Sherwood, Mark K. and Lucy P. Eldridge. Perspective on the U.S.Canada manufacturing productivity gap, A. 2001 Feb. 31—48.
Joyce, Mary and David Neumark. School-to-work programs: infor
mation from two surveys. 2001 Aug. 38-50.
Shkolnik, Jamie, Lynn Huang, and Michael Pergamit. Youth initia
tion into the labor market. 2001 Aug. 18-24.
Kenyon, Robert. Jr., and Loryn Lancaster. Changes in unemploy
ment insurance legislation in 2000. 2001 Jan. 29-34.
Sieling, Mark, Brian Friedman, and Mark Dumas. Labor produc
tivity in the retail trade industry, 1987-99. 2001 Dec. 3-14.
Kohli, Martin C. Leontief-BLS partnership: a new framework for
measurement, The. 2001 June 29-37.
Snyders, William F. Producer prices in 2000: energy goods con
tinue to climb. 2001 Jul. 25-36. Erratum. 2001 Aug. 72.
Lancaster, Loryn, and Robert Kenyon, Jr. Changes in unemploy
ment insurance legislation in 2000. 2001 Jan. 29-34.
Spletzer, James R., Timothy Pivetz, and Michael A. Searson. Mea
suring job and establishment flows with BLS longitudinal
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
Langdon, David S. and Jennifer L. Martel. Job market in 2000,
The: slowing down as the year ended. 2001 Feb. 3-30.
Leary, Eamestine Patterson. Book review. 2001 Mar. 77-78.
Lerman, Robert I. and Caroline Ratcliffe. Are single mothers find
ing jobs without displacing other workers? 2001 July 3-12.
Su, Betty W. U.S. economy to 2010, The. 2001 Nov. 3-20.
Tan, Lucilla, David S. Johnson, and John M. Rogers. Century of
family budgets in the United States, A. 2001 May 28-45.
Macpherson, David A., Barry T. Hirsch, and Wayne G Vroman.
Estimates of union density by State. 2001 July 51-55.
Toossi, Mitra and Howard N Fullerton, Jr. Labor force projections
to 2010: steady growth and changing composition. 2001 Nov.
21-38.
Martel, Jennifer L. and David S. Langdon. Job market in 2000,
The: slowing down as the year ended. 2001 Feb. 3-30.
Vroman, Wayne G., Barry T. Hirsch, and David A. Macpherson.
Estimates of union density by State. 2001 July 51-55.
Muhl, Charles J. Employment-at-will doctrine: three major excep
tions, The. 2001 Jan. 3-11.
Wald, Michael. Book reviews. 2001 Oct. 29 and Sept. 44.
Murphy, John B. and James A. Walker. Implementing the North Ameri
can Industry Classification System at bls . 2001 Dec. 15-21.
Nelson, Richard. State labor legislation enacted in 2000. 2001 Jan.
12-24.
Neumark, David, and Mary Joyce. School-to-work programs: in
formation from two surveys. 2001 Aug. 38-50.
Paulin, Geoffrey. Expenditures of college-age students and nonstu
dents. 2001 Jul. 46-50.
Pergamit, Michael, Lynn Huang, and Jamie Shkolnik. Youth initia
tion into the labor market. 2001 Aug. 18-24.
Pivetz, Timothy, Michael A. Searson, and James R. Spletzer. Mea
suring job and establishm ent flows with b l s longitudinal
microdata. 2001 Apr. 13-20.
Ratcliffe, Caroline, and Robert I. Lerman. Are single mothers find
ing jobs without displacing other workers? 2001 July 3-12.
114 Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
December 2001
Waldfogel, Jane. Family and medical leave: evidence from the 2000
surveys. 2001 Sept. 17-23.
Walker, James, and Michael Horrigan.
tion. 2001 Aug. 3-5.
nlsy97,
The: an introduc
Walker, James A. and John B. Murphy. Implementing the North Ameri
can Industry Classification System at bls . 2001 Dec. 15-21.
Whittington, Glenn. Changes in workers’ compensation laws dur
ing 2000. 2001 Jan. 25-28.
Wiatrowski, William J. Changing retirement age: ups and downs.
2001 Apr. 3-12.
Wiatrowski, William J. and Maury Gittleman. bls wage query sys
tems, The: a new tool to access wage data. 2001 Oct. 22-27.
Wilder, Patricia S. and Ziaul Z. Ahmed. Multifactor productivity
trends in manufacturing industries, 1987-96. 2001 June 3-12.
Wilson, Todd. Consumer inflation higher in 2000. 2001 Apr. 2 1 24.
D e c is io n s, D e c is io n s, D e c isio n s.
Gear upf Turn tough d ecision s
into informed d ecision s w itfii ij
o n th iy Lab o r R e v ie w
Monthly Labor Review is the principal journal of current data and analysis from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Economists, statisticians, and other experts from the Bureau
join with professionals in the private sector to provide you with a trustworthy source of solid
economic research on these crucial topics:
• Employment and unemployment
• Consumer prices
• Producer prices
• Productivity
• Compensation
•
Employer costs
• Labor-management relations
• Labor market projections
• Workplace injuries and illnesses
• International data and developments
Also, whether it’s a number or a trend that you need, the Current Labor Statistics department
provides the statistical series you can use.
Sub^i^^oJf/lonthlyLabor Review today, and turn your tough decisions into informed decisions!
United States Government
INFORMATION
Credit card orders are welcome!
Order Processing Code:
*5542
Fax your orders (202) 512-2250
Phone your orders (202) 512-1800
□
YES » please
s e n d _______ subscriptions to:
M o n th ly Labo r R eview (M LR ) at $45 each ($56.25 foreign) per year.
The total cost of my order is $ __________.
Check method Of payment:
Price includes regular shipping & handling and is subject to change.
Name or title
(Please type or print)
Company name
Room, floor, suite
□
Check payable to: Superintendent of Documents
□ GPO Deposit Account
Street address
/
City
/
State
Zip code +4
□ VISA
□ MasterCard
|
[
|
[
|
|
| ~j—|
□ Discover
Daytime phone including area code
Purchase order number (optional)
Mail to:
Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Important: Please include this completed order form with your
remittance.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Authorizing signature
Thank you for your order!
1CV01
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Obtaining information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
O ffice o r T opic
In te r n e t a d d r ess
B u reau o f L ab o r S tatistic s
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v
In fo rm atio n se rv ic es
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /o p u b /
E -m ail
b ls d a ta _ s ta ff@ b ls .g o v
Employment and unemployment
E m p lo y m en t, h o u rs, an d ea rn in g s:
N ational
S tate an d local
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /c e s/
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /sa e /
c e sin fo @ b ls.g o v
d a ta _ s a @ b ls .g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /c p s/
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /la u /
c p s in fo @ b ls.g o v
la u sin fo @ b ls .g o v
U l-c o v e re d em p lo y m e n t, w ag es
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /c e w /
c e w in fo @ b ls.g o v
O cc u p atio n al em p lo y m e n t
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /o e s/
o e s in fo @ b ls.g o v
M ass lay o ffs
L o n g itu d in al d ata
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /la u /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /n ls/
m ls in fo @ b ls.g o v
n ls_ in fo @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /c p i/
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /p p i/
c p i_ in fo @ b ls.g o v
p p i-in fo @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ip p /
m x p in fo _ ip p @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /c ex /
ce x in fo @ b ls.g o v
L a b o r fo rce statistics:
N ational
Local
Prices and living conditions
C o n su m er p ric e ind ex es
P ro d u c er p rice index es)
Im p o rt and e x p o rt p ric e in d ex es
C o n su m e r ex p e n d itu re s
Compensation and working conditions
N atio n al C o m p en sa tio n S urvey:
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /n c s/
o c ltin fo @ b ls.g o v
E m p lo y e e b en efits
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /e b s/
o c ltin fo @ b ls.g o v
E m p lo y m en t c o st tre n d s
O cc u p atio n al co m p e n sa tio n
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /e c t/
o c ltin fo @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /n c s/
o c ltin fo @ b ls.g o v
O c c u p a tio n a l illn esse s, in ju ries
F atal o cc u p atio n al in ju rie s
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /iif/
h ttp ://s ta ts .b ls .g o v /iif/
c fo ista ff@ b ls.g o v
C o llec tiv e b arg a in in g
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /c b a /
c b a in fo @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /lp c /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /lp c /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /m ip /
d p rw e b @ b ls.g o v
d ip sw e b @ b ls .g o v
o s h s ta ff@ b ls .g o v
Productivity
L abor
In d u stry
M u ltifa cto r
d p rw e b @ b ls.g o v
Projections
E m ploym ent
O cc u p a tio n
International
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /e m p /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /o c o /
o o h in fo @ b ls.g o v
o o h in fo @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /fls/
flsh e lp @ b ls.g o v
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 4 /
B L S in fo A tla n ta @ b ls.g o v
B L S in fo B o sto n @ b ls.g o v
B L S in fo C h ic ag o @ b ls.g o v
Regional centers
A tla n ta
B o s to n
C h icag o
D allas
K an sa s C ity
N ew York
P h ilad elp h ia
San F ra n cisc o
Other Federal statistical agencies
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 1/
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 5 /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 6 /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 7 /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 2 /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 3 /
h ttp ://w w w .b ls.g o v /ro 9 /
h ttp ://w w w . fe d s ta ts .g o v /
B L S in fo D allas@ b ls.g o v
B L S in fo K a n sa sC ity @ b ls.g o v
B L S infoN Y @ bls.gov
B L S in fo P h ilad elp h ia@ b ls.g o v
B L S in fo S F @ b ls.g o v
Periodicals
Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Department of Labor
USPS 987-800
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Postal Square Building, Rm. 2850
2 Massachusetts Ave., NE
Washington, DC 20212-0001
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use, $300
Address Service Requested
\ '
* *
fi». 'V* V
MLR
FEDRE442F ISSDUE009R
1
F E D R E S E R V E BANK OF S T L O U I S
CAROL THAXTON L I B R A R Y UNI T
PO BOX 44 2
SAINT LOUIS
MO
63166
S c h e d u le o f r e le a s e d a te s f o r B L S s ta tis t ic a l s e r ie s
Series
Release
date
Period
covered
Release
date
Period
covered
Release
date
Period
covered
MLR table
number
Employment situation
December 7
November
January 4
December
February
January
1; 4-20
Productivity and costs
December 6
3rd quarter
U.S. Import and Export
Price Indexes
December 12
November
January 10
December
February
January
34-38
Producer Price Indexes
December 13
November
January 11
December
February
January
2; 31-33
Consumer Price indexes
December 14
November
January 16
December
February
January
2; 28-30
Real earnings
December 14
November
January 16
December
February
January
14, 16
January 31
4th quarter
Employment Cost Indexes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2; 39—42
1-3; 21-24
@FedFRASER