Full text of Monthly Labor Review : December 1966, Vol. 89, No. 12

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Monthly
Labor
Review
DECEMBER

KALAMAZOO
JAN 17 1567

PUBLIC LIBRARY

1966 VOL. 89 NO.

Papers from the American Assembly

Challenges to Collective Bargaining
Labor Relations in 1966
Job Redesign for Older Workers
The Wage Calendar for 1967

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS


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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W. Willard Wirtz , Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
A r t h u r M . R o ss,
R obert J. M yer s,

Commissioner of Labor Statistics
Deputy Commissioner

Regional Offices and Directors
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onthly Labor Review
NITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR •

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

L awrence R. K l e in , Editor-in-Chief
*

CONTENTS
Articles
1339
1356
1362
1369
1378
1385
1385
1386
1387

The Wage Calendar for 1967
A Review of Labor Relations in 1966
The Low-Cost Housing Market
Special Labor Force Report: Work Experience of the Population in 1965
State Labor Legislation in 1966
Visitors to the Bargaining Table: Papers From the American Assembly
New Public Expectations
Strategies for Decentralization
A Double Arbitration Standard

Departments
ii
hi

1389
1391
1394
1395
1402
1411
1454


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This Issue in Brief
The Labor Month in Review
Foreign Labor Briefs
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics
Index to Volume 89

December 1966 • Vol. 89 • No. 12

This Issue in Brief...

under the statutory
provisions for assistance to industries affected by
the reduction of tariffs is discussed in The Labor
Month in Review. Even if the Kennedy round
trade negotiations currently in progress at Geneva
achieve relaxation of import restrictions, the firms
concerned and their workers will find it difficult,
under the present version of the Trade Expansion
Act of 1962, to prove that they are entitled to the
adjustment aid.
T he country ’s experience

1966 was a relatively light year in collec­
tive bargaining activity, settlements in the com­
munications and transportation industries affected
numerous workers. Strikes in the airline, coal
mining, and electrical manufacturing industries
were highly publicized. These and other develop­
ments are reported in A Review of Labor Rela­
tions in 1966, by Karen E. Ondras (p. 1356).
T hough

three papers read at the 30th
American Assembly Program conference recently
held at Columbia University are presented in Visi­
tors to the Bargaining Table (p. 1385). John T.
Dunlop concerns himself with the question of
whether future collective bargaining will fulfill
the public' expectations of social responsibility,
such as observance of public guidelines or protec­
tion of public health and safety, without the dis­
ruption of public convenience. Whether decen­
tralization of union decisionmaking and collective
bargaining would better serve the special interest
worker groups is the theme of Arnold R. Weber.
And the “respective spheres of authority of courts
and arbitrators” in the settlement of labor dis­

E xcerpts from

ii


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putes preoccupies Benjamin Aaron. (All of the
papers read at the conference are to be publisher
in a Prentice-Hall book entitled Challenges to Col­
lective Bargaining.)
I n the area of labor law, the 1966 yield of State
legislatures was substantial—about 300 enact­
ments. Over 60 of these statutes dealt with wages.
and wage standards, revealing the States’ growing
concern with the question of adequate remunera­
tion for work. Another area of concern, as indi­
cated by Deborah T. Bond’s comprehensive annual
roundup, State Labor Legislation in 1966 (p.
1378), is that of training and retraining workers to
meet the demands of the modern economy. Also
noteworthy are New York’s ban on discharges be­
cause of wage garnishment, and Delaware’s pror
hibition of the business of debt pooling.
A remarkable feature of the sizable decline (by
1.7 million) in unemployment in 1965 was that it
occurred almost entirely among full-time workers,
men and women of “prime working ages,” say
Forrest A. Bogan and Thomas E. Swanstrom in
their special labor force report on Work Experi­
ence of the Population in 1965 (p. 1369). This im­
provement was particularly noted among the,
“hard-core unemployed” (those with 15 weeks or
more of joblessness in a year). Surprising also
was the fact that as many as 12.3 million persons
had an involuntary break in employment at on,e
time or another during 1965.
and high interest rates
were not the only factors behind the drastic decline
in homebuilding in 1966, says Dorothy K. Newman
in The Lore-Cost Housing Market (p. 1362). The
industry has not been producing enough housing
for moderate income families and “little housing
has been built for low-income families for whom
the need is acute.” The theme is developed in de­
tail in relation to the prospects of additional em­
ployment through a vigorous construction
program.
T ight mortgage credit

The Labor Month
in Review

Trade Legislation and
Adjustment Assistance
S ometime in the next few months the Kennedy
round of trade negotiations is due to close.
Whether any substantial tariff reductions will
result is not yet clear, but in anticipation of the
possibility, an examination of the recent history
of trade adjustment assistance could indicate some
of the situations that might develop.
Both the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and the
Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965 provide
assistance for workers and firms injured by Gov­
ernment action that changes trade patterns.
Assistance comes in several forms—workers who
qualify get readjustment and relocation allowances
and subsistence and transportation payments;
firms get tax relief, loans for land, plant, and
equipment, and technical assistance.
All of the petitions filed for assistance under the
Automotive Act and acted upon have been resolved
in favor of the petitioning group. Under the
Trade Act, all petitions have been denied. This
situation stems from the different qualifying
requirements of the two acts.

Nobody Qualified. In order to be eligible for
benefits under the Trade Expansion Act, the peti­
tioning firms or groups of workers have to prove
that their injury results in major part from
increased imports, and that the major factor caus­
ing the increased imports was a tariff concession.
Since 1962 petitions for assistance have been
filed on behalf of five groups of workers, five firms,
and nine industries. In none of these cases was
the Tariff Commission able to find that both causal
links had been met. In fact, in many of them, the
Tariff Commission was unable to find that even the


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first criterion—that the injury resulted in major
part from increased imports—was met.
In some cases, this decision was based on find­
ings indicating that imports had not increased
recently. In the case filed by the household china
industry as a whole and concurrently by a single
firm, the Commission found no upward trend in
bone china imports over the past decade.
In cases where imports did increase, the Commis­
sion found that the rising imports were not the
major cause of the injury. Ceramic tile workers
vere denied relief when the Commission deter­
mined that unemployment arising from industrial
innovation undertaken to offset import competi­
tion did not justify assistance. Another finding
involved the whiskey industry, in which the Com­
mission determined that the inelastic demand for
imported premium whiskey was more important
than concessions granted under trade agreements.
The prepared or preserved mushroom industry
lost its case when the Commission determined that
the overriding cause for the increase in imports
of canned mushrooms was the failure of U.S.
production to increase as rapidly as demand, al­
lowing imports to capture a larger share of the
expanded market.
Other Causes. Failure fo meet the second cri­
terion that increasing imports must be caused in
major part by tariff concessions—kept assistance
from those groups that could meet the first
one. Workers producing transistor radios were
denied relief when the Commission noted that the
reduction in the tariff on radios had been made be­
fore there was any commercial production of
transistors. The Commission reasoned that the
removal of tariff concessions is equivalent to the
removal of “job protection,” and at the time of the
concession there was no transistor radio employ­
ment from which “job protection” could be
removed.
In another case, the Commission found that im­
porters of lower value earthenware generally did
not reduce their sales price following the 1955
reduction in duty ; hence, those reductions pro­
vided no direct stimulus to consumer purchases
but rather intensified the sales efforts of the
importers.
The most recent petition filed with the Commis­
sion was submitted by a producer of plywood
in

IV

doorskins on August 30, 1965. The decision
denying relief was made public on October 29,
1965: “Serious injury that may have existed a
number of years ago as a result of increased im­
ports does not qualify the firm for adjustment
assistance under the statute,” since the aid was
intended for firms “having current difficulty ad­
justing to current increased import competition.”
Dissenting members of the Commission found that
increasing imports a number of years ago “set
in motion a whole chain of circumstances which
resulted in the company’s difficulties.” They
would grant relief although the “causal relation
between the imports and the injury, which was
close enough only a few short years ago, has been
somewhat blurred by the evolving situations of a
dynamically changing business situation.”
The Automotive Act. The Commission’s experi­
ence led many observers to adjudge the standards
for assistance too strict. An opportunity for new
standards arose after President Johnson and
Prime Minister Pearson of Canada signed an
agreement to eliminate duties on new automotive
products moving between the two countries.
The Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965,
which implemented the agreement, provides the
same assistance as the Trade Expansion Act, but
its procedures for determination and certification
of eligibility differ in two important respects:
First, the operation of the agreement need only be
the primary factor causing the dislocation, rather
than the major cause; and second, the President,
rather than the Tariff Commission, makes the
determination. (The President has, in turn, dele­
gated this responsibility to a Board consisting of
the Secretaries of Labor, Commerce, and the
Treasury.)
Automotive Act Experience. Since the act was
approved'in October 1965, three petitions on be­
half of groups of automotive workers have been
fully acted upon and one petition is being
processed. With experience directly contrary to
that under the Trade Expansion Act, each
group in the cases already decided was determined
by the Board to have been dislocated as a result
of the operation of the agreement, and therefore


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

received certifications of eligibility. No firms
have submitted petitions.
In April 1966, a group of 200 workers from the
Pennsauken, N.J., Ford Parts Depot became the
first group to be issued a certification. These
workers had been employed in an export packaging
operation which was shifted to Canada early in
the year. As of June 30, the last date for which
data are available, 42 claimants had established
entitlement to allowances and had collected a
total of nearly $35,000 in benefits for the period
dating back to their initial layoff in November
1965.
In July 1966, approximately 400 workers from
a General Motors Corp. plant in Grand Rapids,
Mich., were determined to have been laid off pri­
marily because production of soft-trim for certain
Chevrolet models was transferred from Grand
Rapids to a plant in Canada. Although the terms
of the certification were estimated to include only
400 workers, 544 applied for a determination of
their individual eligibility. Final statistics as to
how many of the 544 are actually entitled to trade
adjustment assistance are not yet available.
The third group included about 100 workers
from the Fram Corp. air filter plant in Birming­
ham, Ala., whose work was transferred to a new
plant in Canada. No data are yet available re­
garding payments to these workers.
The fourth petition involves approximately 600
workers from the Maremont Corp., Gabriel Divi­
sion in Cleveland, Ohio. The petition alleges that
shock absorber production has been transferred
from the Cleveland facility to a plant in Toronto,
Canada, and that the operation of the U.S.Canadian Automotive Agreement was the primary
factor in causing this shift.
Possible Revision. The varying results of peti­
tions for adjustment assistance under the Trade
Expansion Act and under the Automotive Prod­
ucts Trade Act point up sharply the fact that
the standards under the Trade Expansion Act
turned out to be too rigorous to permit injured
workers or firms to prove eligibility. When the
Congress was considering the Automotive Act, the
Administration committed itself to revising the
TEA to ease its standards for adjustment
assistance.

The Wage Calendar for 1967
The Outlook for the Coming Year for Changes
in Wages and Fringes Through Scheduled Increases
and Contracts Subject to Bargaining
Cordelia W ard

and

W illiam D avis *

S ettlements reached during any particular year
determine changes in wages and fringes for only a
minority of the approximately 9.5 million work­
ers covered by major collective bargaining agree­
ments. Many wage and benefit increases are pre­
determined by settlements concluded in earlier
years; about 95 percent of these workers are cov­
ered by contracts that specify changes for from 18
months to 5 years in advance.
To the economy, the relative importance of in­
creases resulting from current settlements and de­
ferred increases varies greatly from year to year.
During 1967, contracts covering at least 3.1 mil­
lion workers1 are subject to renegotiation, sub­
stantially more than the number whose contracts
were scheduled for revision during 1966. Con­
versely, the number of workers due deferred in­
creases will decline by 15 percent between 1966
and 1967.
The following pages summarize the outlook for
1967 in terms of contracts subject to bargaining
and scheduled wage increases. Because substan­
tial numbers of workers who will receive deferred
wage increases are also covered by cost-of-living
escalator clauses, the extent of escalation is
described.
In nonmanufacturing, most bargaining activity
will occur in the transportation industries—major
trucking agreements are scheduled for renegotia­
tion in March and negotiation of railroad con­
tracts will continue from 1966. Agreements for
*Of th e D iv isio n s o f In d u str ia l a nd L abor R e la tio n s and W age
E con om ics, resp ectiv ely , B ureau of. L abor S ta tis tic s.
1 T h is ex clu d es w o rk ers w h o se c o n tr a c ts do n o t ex p ire but can
be reopened, and open-end a g reem en ts such as th o se in railroads.
T he n on op era tin g railroad ag reem en ts can be reopened in 1967.


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airline pilots are also subject to renegotiation,
although deferred increases are scheduled to go
into effect for airline mechanics. Increases have
already been negotiated for longshoremen on the
T a b l e 1.

E x p ir a t io n D a t e s S p e c if ie d in M a jo r
A greem ents 1
Num ­
ber of
agree­
ments

Year and month

T otal.-.

_

N um ­
ber of
workers
(thou­
sands)

1,548

7,027.7

1967______________

709

3,148.6

J a n u a ry ____

38

225.0

February. _ _ _
March___
April. _ _ ___
M ay___ ____

31
105
86
88

140.5
591.3
278.1
370.7

June___
___
July__________
A ugust.

72
47
66

155.8
99.7
193.0

September___
October___ . . .
November____
December. _ _

61
56
31
28

777.8
156.6
78.6
81.5

1968 2_____________

592

2,341.5

January_______
February____
March________
A pril.. . . .
_
M ay__

45
40
59
66
66

170.9
107.8
124.7
203.8
298.2

June______ . .
July__________
August.
. ...
September__ _
October___ . . .
November____
December ._ ..

64
79
32
58
35
22
26

260.5
570.6
86.7
180.8
133. 5
93.1
110.9

1969______________

188

573.7

.Tanuary-June
July-December.

166
22

472.3
101.4

1970______________
1971______________
Open e n d ... ____

28
5
26

139.4
57.7
766.8

Significant contract expirations

Apparel (dresses) ; communica­
tions.
Food products; communications.
Trucking; communications; paper.
Rubber; construction.
Apparel; construction; food
products.
Food products (meatpacking) ;
trucking.
Automobiles; machinery.
Automobiles; machinery.
Tobacco.

Fabricated metal; glass.
Construction.
Aluminum; apparel (men’s
clothing).
Construction; shipbuilding.
Steel; aircraft.
Maritime.
Aircraft.
Aircraft.
Airlines.

Construction; maritime.
Electrical products; communica­
tions; hotels and restaurants.
Mining; railroads.

1 Based on agreements known to be in effect on Jan. 1,1967.
covering 1.7 million workers were not available.
2 Incomplete. See footnote 2, table 2.

Agreements

1339

1340
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966
2.

M a jo r

C o l l e c t iv e

B a r g a in in g

A g r e e m e n t s , C o v e r in g
T e r m in a t io n 1

1 ,0 0 0

W orkers

or

M ore,

by

Y ear

of

[Workers in thousands]
Current
agreements
available

Industry

Year of termination
1967

1969

1968

1970 and later

Open end

Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­
ments
ers
ments
ers
ments
ers
ments
ers
ments
ers
ments
All industries-. _ ____ _ .
Manufacturing. _

.....

Ordnance and accessories. _. . . ___
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufacturers___
Textile mill products.
Apparel and other finished products..
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture___
...
Furniture and fixtures. . .
_____
Paper and allied products.
Printing, publishing and allied in___
dustries _
...
Chemicals and allied products _____
Petroleum refining and related industries _.
__
_________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics
products. __ ______ _ _ . .
Leather and leather products. ____
Stone, clay and glass products. _ _
Primary metal industries..
______
Fabricated metal products...
. ...
Machinery, except electrical_______
Electrical machinery, equipment and
supplies.. . . . . .
Transportation equipm ent.. __ . . .
Instruments and related products__
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. ______
___ _ _ _
N onmanufacturing____
Mining, crude petroleum, and natural gas production______
_____
Transportation 3. . . . . . .
. .
Railroads and airlines 4.
Communications__
.. .
Utilities: Electric and gas_____
Wholesale trade. __
______
Retail trade____ _ __ . . . _ _
Hotels and restaurants___ ______ _
Services. __ ____
_ .. ..
Construction___ _ _ ____ _ . . .
Miscellaneous
nonmanufacturing
industries___ _
______ _

Work­ Agree­ Work­
ers
ments
ers

1,548 7,027. 7

709 3,148. 6

592 2,341.5

188

<673. 7

33

197.1

26

766.8

541

1, 746.1

855 3,605.1

395 1,853.9

373 1,533. 6

80

197.7

5

13.9

2

6.0

293

819.7

2

8. 2

17 n
82. 7
5. 6
34 9
90.1

13
92
10
22
37

42.4
309.8
19.9
45.0
328.5

2
51
5
10
21

2.8
216.3
9.6
25.0
179.6

8
34
5
8
10

27.7
77.6
10.3
11. 7
125.5

1
6

3.7
12.2

4
6

8.3
23.4

5
38
2
8
25

9
18
41

18.1
25.7
97.6

5
9
15

9.6
14.3
58.7

1
7
24

2.4
9.3
35.9

3
2
2

6.1
2.1
3. 0

4
4
18

59
7.8
27. 6

28
54

51.6
100.7

13
28

20.4
44.7

13
22

24.4
47.9

2
4

6.8
8.1

8
11

21. 5
18. 5

14

28.0

5
16
8
15
15
23

5. 7
49. 5
15. 2
45.4
32. 0
31.8

43
23
7

930 5
58.1
10.9

1
248

1. 0
926.4

2
19
12
57
20
4
33
11
16
72

2.3
58. 2
29. 4
373.3
52.9
9.3
78.4
30. 2
67. 5
220.8

2

4.1

7

18.8

3

11. 6

3

4.9

20
11
33
103
47
106

106.6
32.9
104.9
558.3
113.2
306.2

15
7
9
30
16
51

98. 5
17.2
17.4
39.8
26.5
199.0

3
4
19
68
29
40

3.8
15.7
73.5
505.4
84.7
76.9

2

4.3

5
5
2
15

14. 0
13.1
2.0
30.3

72
184. 6
98 1,068.8
20
41.2

39
43
12

106. 9
708.1
22.3

23
45
6

59. 7
318.3
16.5

8
9
2

13.8
40.9
2.4

11
25. 6
314 1,294. 7

1
219

1. 5
807.9

2
108

8

14
30.3
693 3,422. 6
19
89
38
34
62
18
103
38
60
229

119.0
597. 5
737. 0
195. 4
134.2
30.9
307.2
151.4
212.2
933.2

9
59
8
29
37
11
48
14
15
82

12.0
470.4
18.6
168.3
66.6
20.0
129.9
71.9
60.0
274.1

8
21
8
5
22
6
36
11
29
72

17.0
74.4
47.6
27.1
58.1
9.4
106.7
29.9
106. 7
329.3

3

4.6

2

2.9

1

1.7

1 Based on agreements known to be in effect on Jan. 1,1967.
2 M ost of these agreements expired in the second half of 1966 and superseding agreements were not available at the time this article was prepared.
Because of the lack of these agreements, information on the number of con­
tracts expiring in 1968 or later is incomplete.

Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and in the Great Lakes
area. The volume of bargaining in construction
will decline from 1966 and 1965 levels. About
900,000 workers covered by major construction
agreements are scheduled to receive deferred
increases in scales. The latest round of telephone
negotiations will extend into 1967. Telephone
agreements negotiated in late 1966 provide for
no wage change during 1967.
Automobile and farm equipment agreements are
the most important group of manufacturing con­
tracts up for renegotiation. Meatpacking and
rubber contracts also expire. Deferred wage in­


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Current
agreements
not
available 2

1

1

3
1
19
10
15
52

2
i

4. 2
1. 5

3. 2
376.0

28

183.2

37. 7

1

15. 0

9. 5
1. 5
70.6
42.1
44. 5
170.1

3
1
23

7. 5
1. 0

159. 7

3.7

2.3

24

760.8

2

90.0

22

670.8

2 Excludes railroad and airline industries.
4 See text footnote 2.

creases will go into effect in the fall for workers
in the aerospace, steel, and aluminum industries,
and in the manufacture of electrical goods.
On the West Coast, where many industries nego­
tiate through associations, there will be relatively
little bargaining in manufacturing. Deferred in­
creases will take effect in lumber, shipbuilding,
aerospace, and the retail grocery industry. The
West Coast paper industry agreement expires in
1967.
A larger number of workers will receive cost-ofliving escalator adjustments during 1967 than in

1341

T H E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967

any year since 1962. With the relatively rapid rise
in prices paid by consumers in 1966, cost-of-living
escalation was added to major contracts for about
265,000 workers.
Major Agreement Expirations

Heavy collective bargaining activity is in the
offing for 1967 when more than 700 major agree­
ments, each covering 1,000 workers or more, are
due to expire. Of principal interest will be nego­
tiations in the automobile industry, where agree­
ments with the Big Three run out in September
(table 1). Other key situations arise in March
(trucking), April (rubber), August (meat­
packing), and September (machinery).
Manufacturing industries account for 1.9 mil­
lion of the 3.1 million workers covered by major
contracts terminating in 1967 (table 2). Most of
the agreements in effect until 1968 or later provide
for previously agreed upon but deferred wage in­
creases, reopenings on wages, or possible adjust­
ments under cost-of-living escalator clauses.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has information
in its file of agreements, or f rom published reports,
on about 2,000 collective bargaining contracts
covering 1,000 workers or more each.2 These
agreements, representing almost all of the con­
tracts of this size in the United States, cover nearly
2 A lth ou gh th e B ureau does n o t c o lle ct ra ilro a d and a irlin e
agreem en ts (th e y are filed w ith th e N a tio n a l M ed iation B oard,
a s required by th e R a ilw a y L abor A c t), in fo rm a tio n fo r major
b argain in g situ a tio n s in th ese in d u str ies h as been inclu ded in
th is report. G overnm ent c o n tr a c ts a re excluded.
3 An e x p iratio n calen d ar fo r a ll a g reem en ts co v erin g 1,000
w orkers or m ore w ill be a v a ila b le from th e B ureau o f Labor
S ta tis tic s ea rly in 19i67.
4 T he 3.8 m illio n does n o t in clu d e th e effect o f s ettle m e n ts m ade
a fte r th is a r tic le w a s prepared (in la te N ovem ber 1 9 0 6 ) or th o se
th a t w ere concluded e a rlier bu t h ad n o t y e t been reported to the
B ureau o f L abor S ta tis tic s. F o r settle m e n ts p r o v id in g deferred
in c r e a se s to an a d d itio n a l 1 9 0 ,0 0 0 w orkers, see A ddendum . P r e ­
lim in ary in fo rm a tio n in d ic a te s th a t th e to ta l w ill in crea se by no
more th a n a n o th er 1 0 0 ,000 to 20 0 ,0 0 0 (to 4.1 or 4.2 m illio n )
w hen su bseq uent settle m e n ts are reported. T h is sum m ary is
lim ite d to settle m e n ts a ffectin g 1 ,0 0 0 w orkers or more. I t
covers a ll in d u str ies e x cep t govern m ent.
F o r th is article, a deferred in c r e a se is defined as one r esu ltin g
from a c o n tr a c t n e g o tia ted before 1967. The in crea ses are
u su a lly spaced a t 1-year in ter v a ls a fte r th e effective d a te o f th e
co n tra ct. T hus, a 3-year c o n tr a c t b eg in n in g in J u ly 1966
ty p ica lly provides d eferred in crea ses in J u ly o f both 196 7 and
1968. W orkers som etim e receive tw o in crea ses or m ore w ith in
a year, notab ly in th e c o n stru ctio n in d u stry .
O nly ch a n g es in w age r a te s are d iscu ssed in th is sum m ary ;
ch an ges in su p p lem en tary benefits are excluded. M o st benefit
changes becom e effectiv e a t th e tim e new c o n tra cts are n eg o tia ted
or w ith in a few m o n th s th erea fter. In som e cases, how ever,
d eferred im p rovem en ts in benefits are m ade, eith e r in place of
or in a d d itio n to deferred w age in creases.


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8.8 million workers, or about half of all workers
under collective bargaining, exclusive of Govern­
ment. Of these major agreements, 1,548 known to
be in eifect on January 1,1967, and covering 7 mil­
lion workers are tallied in tables 1 and 2. The ex­
piration dates of an additional 541 major agree­
ments, covering 1.7 million workers, were not
available when this article wTas prepared. Most
of these agreements had been subject to negotiation
during the latter part of 1966, hence, it is unlikely
that they will expire during 1967. For this rea­
son, data for 1968 and later should be considered
incomplete.
Table 3 lists 132 selected major bargaining situa­
tions, each covering 5,000 workers or more, ap­
plying in total to 3.1 million workers. Space limi­
tations preclude the listing of all major contracts
covering 5,000 workers or more under which some
action in 1967 is scheduled.3 The selection was de­
signed to cover a broad range of industries and key
bargaining situations; contracts in the construc­
tion industry are not listed. Many of the selected
bargaining agreements expire or may be reopened
for wage negotiations between J anuary 1 and De­
cember 31, 1967. (The effective dates of these
actions are printed in boldface type in the appro­
priate columns of the table.) Other agreements
provide for wage reviews based upon changes in
living costs or specify deferred wage increases
payable during 1967. Table 3 begins on page
1347.
Deferred Increases

The number of workers 4 receiving deferred in­
creases is somewhat smaller than that for 1966,
but is well above the level for 1964, as indicated
in the following tabulation.
Number of
workers
(millions)

Number of
workers

1967______
1966______
1965______
1964______
1963______
1962______

(millions)
>3 . 8
2 4. 3
3. 7
2 2. 4
2 3. 4
2 .4

1961___
1960___
1959___
1958___
1957___

___
___
___
___

2.
2.
2.
4.
5.

9
6
9
0
0

1 Data for 1967 include approximately 195,000 workers in the service in­
dustries and finance, insurance and real estate, excluded from totals for
earlier years.
2 Includes 195,000 workers in 1966, 101,000 in 1964, and 112,000 in 1963 who
received increases in these years but were not included in articles for these
years because their settlement terms became known after the articles were
completed.

1342

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

The substantial drop in the number of workers
scheduled to receive deferred increases in 1967, as
compared with 1966, reflects primarily the fact that
contracts in industries such as automobiles, auto­
motive parts, farm and construction equipment,
transportation (including the railroad non­
operating workers and truckers), and meatpack­
ing provided deferred increases in both 1965 and
1966 but are subject to renegotiation in 1967.
Year-to-year fluctuations in the number to receive
deferred increases do not necessarily indicate
changes in labor-management readiness to enter
into long-term agreements. Rather, they are at­

T able

4.

tributable to the timing of settlements affecting
large numbers of workers.
Most of the workers who will receive deferred
increases in 1967 are in the metalworking in­
dustries (primarily basic steel and steel fabrica­
tion, aerospace, electrical products, and aluminum
industries) ; stone, clay, and glass; food; apparel
(mostly men’s and boys’ clothing) ; construction;
transportation ; and the service industries.
Most commonly, deferred increases will average
2 to 2!/2 percent or 7 to 9 cents (tables 4 and 5).
In 1966, the most common deferred increases were
3 but less than 3y2 percent or 10 but less than 11

D is t r ib u t io n o f W o r k e r s , b y A m o u n t o f D e f e r r e d W a g e I n c r e a s e s 1 D u e in
in M a n u f a c t u r in g a n d N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g I n d u s t r ie s 2

1967

in

M a jo r S it u a t io n s

[Approximate number of workers affected in thousands]
Total

Excluding services, finance,
and construction

Average deferred wage increase
All industries
studied 2
Total.

Manufacturing 3

Nonmanufacturing 4

All industries
studied

Nonmanufacturing

3,784

2,184

1,600

2,699

515

26
33
108
174
672
668
281
490
67
130
46
73
215
54
167
17
57
180
132
125
49
20

14
27
63
94
578
579
170
403
32
103
23
56
25
10
1

12
6
45
79
95
88
111
88
34
28
24
17
190
43
166
17
57
180
132
125
49
14

19
27
78
140
628
656
266
448
63
124
40
59
72
24
2

5
1
15
46
50
76
96
46
31
21
18
3
47
14
1

1

1

44

44

7

1

104
816
635
584
200
415
142
293
115
144
37
45
73
35
19
76
51

67
669
502
356
77
271
34
154
33
12

37
147
132
228
124
144
108
139
81
133
37
45
73
34
19
76
45

71
792
566
477
131
304
48
206
33
12
1

4
123
63
121
54
33
14
52

1
1

1

44
10

44
4

C ents P er H our
Under 4 cents____ ___________
4 and under 5 cents___________
5 and under 6 cents___________
6 and under 7 cents___________
7 and under 8 cents___________
8 and under 9 cents___________
9 and under 10 cents__________
10 and under 11 cents_________
11 and under 12 cents_________
12 and under 13 cents_________
13 and under 14 cents_________
14 and under 15 cents_________
15 and under 17 cents_________
17 and under 19 cents_________
19 and under 21 cents_________
21 and under 23 cents_________
23 and under 25 cents_________
25 and under 30 cents_________
30 and under 35 cents_________
35 and under 40 cents_________
40 cents and over_____________
N ot specified or not computed 5_

6

P ercent 8
Under 2 percent______________
2and under 2y2 percent_______
2J/£ and under 3 percent_______
3 and under
percent_______
V/2 and under 4 percent_______
4 and under 4]^ percent_______
4J4 and under 5 percent_______
5 and under 5'A percent_______
5 ^ and under 6 percent_______
6and under 6J4 percent_______
6'A and under 7 percent_______
7 and under TA percent_______
7A and under 8 percent_______
8and under 9 percent_________
9 and under 10 percent________
10percent and over___________
N ot specified or not computed 5.
1 Average increase for all workers covered by a collective bargaining settle­
ment. For additional information regarding definitions, see text footnote 4.
2 Excludes government.
3 Includes a few settlements in the following industry groups for which
separate data are not shown: Textiles (29,325), printing and publishing
(34,250), rubber and miscellaneous plastics products (6,750), and miscellaneous
manufacturing (6,650).


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2
6

1

4 Includes 28,350 in mining and 50,600 in finance for which separate data
are not shown in table 5.
5 Insufficient information to compute amount of increases.
6 Percent of estimated straight-time average hourly earnings.

N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

TH E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967

T able

5.

1343

D i s t r i b u t i o n o f W o r k e r s , b y A m o u n t o f D e f e r r e d W a g e I n c r e a s e s 1 D u e i n 1967 i n M a j o r S i t u a t i o n s
i n S e l e c t e d M a n u f a c t u r in g a n d N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g I n d u s t r ie s 2
Approximate number of workers affected (in thousands)

Average deferred wage increase

T o ta l.., __

__ . .

N um ­
ber of
situa­
tions

Food
and
kin­
dred
prod­
ucts

Ap­
parel

Lum­
ber
and
furni­
ture

Paper
and
allied
prod­
ucts

918

92

257

85

54

7
1
2
13
14
10
15
3
10

10
4

1
2
1
3

Chem­ Leather
icals
and
and
leather
allied
prod­
prod­
ucts
ucts
48

Stone,
clay,
and
glass
prod­
ucts

Metalwork­
ing

47

95

1,429

1

1

12
3
38
56
538
536
116
73
18

Ware­
Con­ housing, Trans­ Public
struc­ whole­ porta­ utili­
tion
sale and tion
ties
retail
trade
892

187

220

Serv­
ices

79

143

C ents P er H our
Under 4___________________
4 and under 5_________
5 and under 6—_ . ___
6 and under 7_____________
7 and under 8_____
8 and under 9___-- - - - - . ...
9 and under 10—.
...
10 and under 11_______________
11 and under 1 2 . . ___ . ____
12 and under 13—_ __________
13 and under 14____ ___
____
14 and under 15—.
___ . . .
15 and under 17____ ___________
17 and under 19____
___
19 and under 21_______________
21 and under 23_______________
23 and under 25—. _____ ____
25 and under 30___
30 and under 3 5 . . ___
____
___
35 and under 40. „
..
40 and over_________ ______
N ot specified or not com puted3 __

17
16
50
64
123
119
66
94
30
35
18
33
51
16
38
8
6
41
30
26
27
10

17

1
2
3
4
1
8
2
2

5
227

2

2

75

1

1

2
4
11
6
6
10
5
4
1

14
4
2
26

6
7
56
3
4

23
8

8

12

10
7
10
2

6

5

15
39
4
fi
139
30
164
17
28
176
129
80
49
5

1
15
46
21
23
37
24
4

4
l

1
2 ------- 2
53
38
21
14
27 —
13
4
7
41
11
1

7
5
25
32
8
9

4
4
9
5

28

44
1

P ercent 4
Under 2______________________
2 and under 2)4_________________
. . _ ___
“1)4 and under 3_____
3 and under 3}^______1 __________
3 and under 4__________________
4 and under 4)4_______ ___
4)^ and under 5— __________
5 and under 5}4____ ____
___
5}4 and under 6__- ___
______
6 and under 6}4_____ ____
&}4 and under 7_________________
7 and under 7)4____
- -7)4 and under 8________ __ _
8 and under 9 ... __ . . . __
9 and under 10____ _____ ____
10 and over
_. _____ . . . „
N ot specified or not computed 3__

57
132
173
146
72
91
51
48
26
17
11
15
17
15
7
16
24

4
6
19
25
14
4
1
8

10
4
115
1
125

2
3
2
2
25
51

8
2
7
13
12
12
1

1
11
8

1

2
26

11

8
13
20
47
4

52
616
426
261
21
32
4
6

2

Average increase for all workers covered by a collective bargaining settlement. For additional information regarding definitions, see text footnote 4.
2 Excludes government.
3 Insufficient information to compute amount of increases.

cents—the increases for approximately 700,000
workers in the automobile and farm and construc­
tion equipment industries. Increases of 2 but less
than 2,y2 percent will be effective in 1967 for ap­
proximately 150,000 aerospace workers; 450,000
workers in basic steel, where increases will range
from 6 to 12 cents and average about 7.4 cents;
50,000 aluminum workers, whose increases range
from 8y2 to 9 cents; and 50,000 Atlantic and Gulf
Coast longshoring employees who will receive in5
G eneral E le c tr ic em ployees w ill receiv e a 3-p ercen t increase,
w ith a m inim um o f 6 cen ts in October, w h ile W estin g h o u se em ­
plo yees w ill receiv e w age in crea ses ra n g in g from 6 to 12 cen ts
an hour. A bout 2i00,000 non u n ion hou rly and n on exem p t salaried
em p loyees of th e s e com pan ies w ill receive com parable in creases.


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4
9
14
13
2

6

28
22
34
22
96
89
87
53
132
36
41
60
32
19
28
27

48
22
56
24
14
9
7

50
40
7
14
17
41

1
56
16
2

5
1
2
18
47
11
6
28

12
2
4

44

3

4 Percent of estimated straight-time average hourly earnings,

N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items m ay not equal

totals.

creases of about 2.2 percent (8 cents an hour).
Increases of about 3 percent will go to approxi­
mately 200,000 union employees of General Elec­
tric Co. and Westinghouse Electric Corp.5 and to
approximately 50,000 shipbuilding workers, whose
increases will be from 7 through 10 cents. About
37,000 mechanics and related workers employed
by seven airlines will receive a 5-percent increase,
while about 10,000 others employed by American
will get two 5-percent increases in 1967. Increases
of 10 cents an hour will amount to between 3 and 4
percent for 50,000 glassworkers, 4.4 percent for
about 100,000 employees in the men’s coat and suit
industry, and 5.3 percent for 125,000 workers in
shirt and cotton garment plants. (See table 6.)

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

1344
T able 6 .

T im in g o f D e f e r r e d W a g e I n c r e a s e s D u e
M a jo r S it u a t io n s in M a n u f a c t u r in g a n d
S e l e c t e d N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g I n d u s t r ie s 1

in

1967

in

Effective
month

Approximate
number of
workers
affected
(thousands)

Total-------

2 3,784

January. _ . . .
February__
March_________
April__________
M ay. ------------June__________

461
153
183
241
485
585

July___________

422

August___
September_____

629
118

October. _____

493

November_____
D ecem ber.. . ..
M onth not
known.

213
70
30

Principal industries affected

Airlines and transit.
None.
Glass containers.
Retail grocery.
Construction.
M en’s and boys’ coats and suits, lumber,
construction, and utilities.
Shipbuilding, aerospace, and ladies’ hand­
bags.
Steel, and iron ore and copper mining.
Retail grocery and miscellaneous metal­
working.
Aerospace, electrical products, glass, and
Atlantic and Gulf Coast longshoring.
M en’s shirts and other cotton garments.
None.
None.

1 Excludes governments.
2 This total is smaller than the sum of the individual Items, since 273,375
employees w ill receive 2 deferred increases and 3,800 w ill receive more than 2
increases in 1967.

In the construction industry, the most common
deferred increases will be 6 but less than 6y2 Per~
cent.6 Almost all deferred increases in the indus­
try will be at least 3 percent and most of them will
amount to at least 9 cents. Increases of these mag­
nitudes will affect only 49 and 42 percent of the
workers, respectively, in other industries. Of the
construction workers scheduled to receive deferred
increases, half will get at least 25 cents, compared
with less than 2 percent in other industries.
Escalation Growth

Changes in the Consumer Price Index are a
major consideration in collective bargaining and
in employer decisions regarding wage changes for
T able

7.

unorganized workers. Clauses formalizing the
way prices and wages are to be related are less
commonly accepted. Even though the relatively
rapid rise in prices during 1966 increased the
popularity of escalator clauses providing for auto­
matic changes in pay with specified changes in
the CPI, such clauses will cover approximately 2.2
million workers,7 or only about 23.1 percent8 of
the workers under major collective bargaining
contracts at the beginning of 1967. (See table 7.)
The 1966 negotiations brought the total number
of workers under major agreements providing for
automatic adjustments in wages based on changes
in the CPI during 1967 to the highest level since
1962.
6 T h e in fo rm a tio n on deferred in c r e a se s in th e con str u c tio n
in d u stry before 1964 is le ss com p lete th a n it is fo r 1964 an d sub­
seq uent years ; prior to 1964, sou rces o f in fo rm a tio n w ere la rg ely
lim ited to co lle ctiv e b argain in g se ttle m e n ts affectin g 3,600
w orkers or m ore. In 19164, data w ere co lle cted on situ a tio n s
affectin g 1,000 w orkers or m ore to m ake in d u str y cov era g es com ­
parable w ith th e oth er in d u str ies studied .
7 T o th ese w ork ers sh ou ld be added a t le a s t 7 8 5 ,0 0 0 w orkers
w ho are covered by sm aller un ion agreem en ts or are n o t un ionized
but are covered by p rovision fo r c o st-o f-liv in g esc a la tio n . T h ese
in clu d e 415,0 0 0 prod u ction w orkers in non u n ion and sm all union
m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n ts an d ab ou t 3 7 0 ,0 0 0 w h ite-co lla r w orkers in
esta b lish m e n ts w here un ionized em ployees a re covered by e scalator
c la u ses in agreem en ts. T h is com pares w ith 325 ,0 0 0 and 200,000
w orkers, resp e c tiv e ly , a year earlier. A m ong th e un organ ized
w orkers covered by c o st-o f-liv in g e sc a la tio n a re abou t 22,000 em ­
p loyees o f th e S ta te of W iscon sin w h o se sa la ries are a d ju sted on
th e b a sis o f ch an ges in th e C PI. T he p e n sion s o f app roxim ately
I,i300,000 retired m ilita r y an d F ed era l C ivil Service em ployees
are a d ju sted if th e C P I ch an ges by a t le a st 3 p ercen t fo r 3 con­
s ec u tiv e m on ths.
A num ber o f m ajor con tracts, c o verin g m ore th a n 40,000
w orkers, esta b lish e d p r o v isio n s fo r w age e sc a la tio n in 1 9 6 6 n e ­
g o tia tio n s bu t deferred th e first or on ly review u n til 1968.
F o r an h isto r ic a l d iscu ssio n of e sc a la to r c lau ses, see M o n th ly
L a b o r R e v ie w , Septem ber 1966, pp. I I I -I V .
8 E x clu d in g m ajor c o n tr a c ts in th e services, finance, and c o n ­
str u c tio n in d u stries, th e p ercen tage of w orkers covered by esc a ­
la tio n under m ajor c o lle ctiv e b argain in g c o n tr a c ts is 27.1.

T y p ic a l E s c a l a t o r I n c r e a s e s in S e l e c t e d I n d u s t r ie s ,

1957-66

[Cents per hour]
Industry
Autom obiles________ . _____________________________
Farm and construction equipment ___ - - - - - - - . . . .
Aerospace . .
_ _ - - - - - - - .
_ _
Trucking
Meatpacking__
.
Steel
Aluminum
Containers (cans)
Railroads

1966
11
11
2 5-10
(4)
8

1964

1965
4
4
4

3
3
4

4

4

1 An additional 1 cent was diverted for pension improvements.
2Varying by company.
3 The 1957 and 1958 increases apply to employees of only a few firms: esca­
lator clauses were not established at some other firms until 1958. B y 1965
most firms had escalator clauses, including all of the large firms on the Pacific
Coast.
4 A 3-cent increase otherwise payable under the formula was diverted into
health and welfare funds.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1963

1962

3
2 3 or 4
2 3 or 4
5 4
3

3
3
3
1
2
(7)
(7)
(7)

1961
i1
i 1 or 2
3
«3
8 1. 5
3
3

1960
4
4
2 1 or 2
4
3
(9)
3
3
10 i

1959
3
3
2 2 or 3
2
3
1
1
1
3

1958
6
6
3 4 or 5
6
8
9
9
9
5

1957
6
6
3 8 or 9
6
5
7
7
7
8

5 Of which 1 or 2 cents was diverted into health and welfare funds.
6 Including 1 cent provided before it would actually have been payable.
7 Discontinued.
8 An additional 1.5 cents otherwise payable under the formula was diverted
toward a projected increase in the cost of insurance.
9 A 3-cent increase otherwise payable under the formula was diverted
toward a projected increase in the cost of insurance.
10 Escalation was discontinued later in the year.

T H E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967

N u m ber of
w o rk ers
{ m illio n s )

1967__________
1966______ ____
1965______ ____
1964______ ____
1 9 6 3 ._____ ___
1962______ ____

1345
N um ber of
w orkers
m illio n s

(

2 .2
2. 0
2. 0
2 .0
1.85
2 .5

1961______ ___
1960______ ____
1959______ ___
1958______ ___
1957______ ____

)

2. 5-2. 8
3 .3
4 .0
4 .0
3 .5

The gain during 1966 represents primarily the
adoption of escalator clauses for about 210,000
T a b l e 8.

unionized workers in the electrical industry9 and
about 38,000 workers covered by Machinists’ agree­
ments with seven airlines. Most of the new esca­
lator clauses set an upper limit on the amount of
the escalator increases. In addition, the electrical
contracts also guaranteed a minimum increase.
An absolute limit on the amount of escalator in9
M ost non u n ion p rodu ction an d n on exem p t sa la ried w orkers
in th e e le ctric a l in d u str y w ere a lso brough t under esca la tio n .

P r e v a l e n c e o f C o s t - o f - L iv in g E s c a l a t io n i n M a j o r C o n t r a c t s i n M a n u f a c t u r in g a n d
f a c t u r i n g I n d u s t r i e s 1 P r o v i d i n g D e f e r r e d W a g e I n c r e a s e s i n 1967
All Industries

item

Approximate
number of
workers due to
receive deferred
wage increases

All situations with deferred increases__________________

N onm anu­

Excluding services, finance, and
construction

Percent of workers
covered by cost-ofliving escalator
clauses

Approximate
number of
workers due to
receive deferred
wage increases
(thousands)

Percent of workers
covered by cost-ofliving escalator
clauses

3, 784

17

2,699

23

26
33
108
174
672
668
281
490
67
130
46
73
215
54
167
17
57
180
132
125
49
20

33
2
21
41
5
63
7
4
3
8
15

19
27
78
140
628
656
266
448
63
124
40
59
72
24
2

45
3
29
50
6
64
8
5
3
9
17

104
816
635
584
200
415
142
293
115
144
37
45
73
35
19
76
51

2,184
92
1,429
1,600
187
220

A verage D eferred Wage I ncreases 2
C ents P er H our
Under 4_____________________
4 and under 5_____ _____ _____
5 and under 6 ________________
6 and under 7________________
7 and under 8 ____ ____ _______
8 and under 9________________
9 and under 10.'______________
10 and under 11______ ________
11 and under 1 2 ..____________
12 and under 13______________
13 and under 14______________
14 and under 15______________
15 and under 17______________
17 and under 19____________
19 and under 21______________
21 and under 23______________
23 and under 25______________
25 and under 30______________
30 and under 35______________
35 and under 40______________
40 and over__________________
N ot specified or not computed 3.

7
5

8
12

1

8
9

44
7

26

33
22
36
28
7
4
1
1

71
792
566
477
131
304
48
206
33
12
1

49
22
40
32
11
6
4
1

6

i
2

4

44
10

17

26
16
37
5
22
12

2,184
92
1,429
515
187
220

26
16
37
14
22
12

P ercent «
Under 2________________________________________
2 and under 2 )4 ____ _____________________________
2) 4 and under 3 _____________________________
3 and under 3 H _____________________
3) 4 and under 4 ________________________
4 and under
_________________________________
4Yi and under 5_______________________________
5 and under 5 }4 _______________________
514 and under 6 ___________________________ ”
6 and under
__________________________ _______
5)4 and under 7________________________________
7 and under 7 )4 __________________________________
714 and under 8_________________________________
8 and under 9____________________________________
9 and under 10__________________________________ ’
10 and over. _____________________________________
N ot specified or not computed 3___________________

I ndustry G roup (Selected)
Manufacturing 3_________________________
Food and kindred products__________
Metalworking_______________
Nonmanufacturing 5_____________________
Warehousing, wholesale and retail trade
Transportation______________________
\ | , xf 1,udtcs government.
2 bee footnote 1, table 5.
3 Insufficient information to compute amount of increase.
4 Percent of estimated straight-time average hourly earnings.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1

5 For specific industries included in the total, see table 5.

N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

1346
creases (either for the contract term or some
shorter period) is specified in agreements covering
more than 360,000 workers.
In a number of negotiations, including those in
the electrical industry and those with the airlines,
escalator clauses were key issues. General Electric
and the major unions with which it deals agreed
on a “shared effect” cost-of-living clause based on
changes in the CPI with a guaranteed increase of
one-half of 1 percent in each of the 2 years, in
preference to a 3-cent-an-hour guaranteed adjust­
ment each year with no ties to the Price Index.
In 1967, a few workers—about 650,000—will
receive both deferred wage increases and cost-ofliving escalator adjustments (table 8). The con­
tracts of most of the workers under escalation
are scheduled for renegotiation and hence the num­
ber who will receive deferred increases during the
year will be relatively small. Among the workers
under escalator clauses whose agreements expire
during the year are those in the automobile, auto­
motive parts, farm and construction equipment,
trucking, and meatpacking industries.
10
T he proportion covered by e sc a la tio n is low er th a n th a t re­
corded in e a rlier yea rs in p a rt because d a ta fo r ea rlier years
exclu d ed th e services, finance, an d co n str u c tio n in d u stries, w here
e sc a la tio n is rare. E x clu d in g th e se in d u str ies, th e p roportion
covered by e sc a la tio n w ill be 23 p ercen t in 1967.

This leaves only about 29 percent of the workers
covered by escalation reviews due to receive defer­
red increases.
At the same time, of the workers who will receive
deferred increases, only 17 percent are covered by
escalation. Among the workers who will receive a
deferred increase but no escalator increase are those
in the basic steel and aluminum industries, where
escalation was discontinued in 1962, and in the
men’s apparel, shipbuilding, longshoring, lumber
and plywood, and glass industries.10 Some work­
ers, for example, some airlines mechanics, will re­
ceive escalator adjustments only in 1968, if the CPI
warrants.
Of the 2.2 million workers covered by provisions
for cost-of-living escalator reviews, 1.32 million are
under provisions that provide for quarterly costof-living adjustments. About 750,000 are under
clauses calling for an annual review, while the
relatively small balance have either a monthly or
semiannual review.
Contracts providing for adjustments based on
the national CPI cover far more workers than
those based on city indexes. Only about 70,000
workers, or approximately 3.2 percent of the total
under escalator clauses in major contracts, have
adjustments tied to changes in indexes for various
cities.

ADDENDUM
The summary of deferred wage increases was prepared late in November and
does not reflect settlements reached during December 1966. By mid-December,
when this article went to press, the Bureau had recorded settlements affecting an
additional 190,000 workers that provided deferred wage increases in 1967. Of
these, approximately 69,000 were in metalworking; 42,000 in construction; 23,500
in the service industries; 18,000 in retail and wholesale trade; 9,500 in paper;
19,000 in transportation; 3,000 in the food industries; 3,000 in stone, clay, and
glass; and 1,000 each in the rubber and mining industries.
At least 500,000 workers are covered by long-term contracts that are not sub­
ject to bargaining on wages during 1967 but that specified no wage increases
during the year. Most of these are telephone workers, or railroad operating
employees who received wage increases late in 1966 under contracts providing no
wage change before 1968.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1347

T H E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967
T a b l e 3.

E x p ir a t io n ,

R e o p e n in g ,

and W age -A d ju st m e n t P r o v isio n s of S elected
A g r e em en ts , J a n u a r t - D ec em ber 1967 1

C ollective B a r g a in in g

[1967 expirations shown in bold face.]
Order of Listing

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Automobiles
Machinery
Shipbuilding
Ordnance and accessories
Fabricated metal products
Steel and aluminum
Electrical products
Aircraft
Controlling instruments
Rubber

Company or association 2

Manufacturing
11. Chemicals
12. Petroleum
13. Stone, clay and glass products
14. Paper
15. Printing and publishing
16. Textiles
17. Apparel
18. Leather and leather products
19. Food products
20. Tobacco manufactures

Union 3

Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

N onmanu facturing
Mining
Airlines
Railroads
Local transit
Trucking and warehousing
Maritime
Telephone and telegraph
Electric and gas utilities
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Hotels and restaurants
Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—

Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

1. Automobiles
American Motors Corp.,
Auto Workers___ 20,200
National Economic
Agreement.
Chrysler Corp. (produc­
___do_____ _____
81, 700
tion and maintenance).
Dana Corp. Master Agree­ __ __do__________
6,000
ment.
Ford Motor Co____ _ _ _ ___ do_____ ____ 141.000
General Motors Corp.. . . . _ ___do_____ ____

360.000

Kaiser Jeep Corp. (Toledo, ____do____ __ __
Ohio).

6, 500

. ___do__________

7,900

Mack Trucks, Inc., Mas­
ter Shop Agreement.

Oct. 1964 to
Oct. 1967.
Sept. 1964 to
Sept. 1967.
Dec. 1964 to
Nov. 1967.
N ov. 1964 to
Sept. 1967.
Nov. 1964 to
Sept. 1967.
Feb. 1965 to
Jan. 1968.
Apr. 1965 to
Oct. 1967.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.),
do
__ .do
__ do
___ do _
Feb. 1, 1967; 6 cents (plus 1
cent which may be paid to
benefits funds or added to
wage rates).

_ do

____ do ..

2. Machinery, Except Electrical
Allis-Chalmers Manufac­
turing Co. (West Allis,
Wis.).
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
(Peoria, Morton, and
M ossville, 111.).
Deere and Co. (Iowa and
Illinois).
General Motors Corp____
International Harvester
Co. (production and
maintenance).
National Cash Register
Co. (Dayton, Ohio).

Timken Roller Bearing
Co. (Canton, Columbus,
and Wooster, Ohio).

5,400

N ov. 1964 to
Nov. 1967.

15, 400

Oct. 1964 to
Oct. 1967.

----- do__________

19.900

Electrical Work­
ers (IU E).
Auto Workers___

25.000

Oct. 1964 to
Sept. 1967.
Oct. 1964 to
Sept. 1967.
Oct. 1964 to
Sept. 1967.

Auto Workers___
do.

National Cash
Register Em ­
ployees Inde­
pendent Union
(Ind.).
Steelworkers____

34.900
13.000

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967.

10,000

Aug. 1965 to
Aug. 1968.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.).
__ _do
.
_ _ _
____do___
__do___
__ _do__
___do____

__
_ _ _

3. Shipbuilding
Bethlehem Steel Co.,
Shipbuilding Division
(East Coast).
General Dynamics Corp.,
Electric Boat D iv.
(Groton, Conn.)
Newport News Ship­
building and D ry Dock
Co. (Newport News,
Va.).
Pacific Coast Shipbuilders.

Marine and
Shipbuilding
Workers.
Metal Trades
Council of
N ew London
County.
Peninsula Ship­
builders’ Association (Ind.).
M etal Trades
Council; in­
cludes Teamsters (Ind.).

See fo o tn o te s a t end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

6,000

Aug. 1966 to
July 1969.«

Aug. 1, 1967; 8-10 cents.

12, 500

July 1965 to
July 1968.

July 1, 1967; 7 cents.

15, 000

July 1965 to
July 1969.

July 31, 1967; 3 percent.

15, 000

July 1965 to
June 1968.

July 1, 1967; 10 cents.

1348
T a b l e 3.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

E x p ir a t io n ,

Company or association 2

R e o p e n in g , a n d W a g e - A d ju s t m e n t P r o v isio n s o f S e l e c t e d
A g r e e m e n t s , J a n u a r y - D e c e m b e r 1967 1— Continued
Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

Union 3

C o l l e c t iv e

B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

4. Ordnance and Accessories
General Dynamics Corp.,
Convair Division.

Machinists.

6, 400

Oct. 1965 to
Oct. 1970.

Lockheed Aircraft Corp.,
Lockheed Missiles and
Space Division.

do

9,600

July 1965 to
July 1968.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.).
Quarterly (Jan.,
Apr., July,
Oct.).

Oct. 16, 1967; 8 cents.
July 22, 1967; 8 cents (except
4 cents to certain employees
at Kaena Point, Hawaii, and
Santa Cruz Test Base).

5. Fabricated M etal Products
California M etal Trades
Association (San Fran­
cisco, Calif.).
United States Steel Corp.,
American Bridge D i­
vision.

M achinists_____

6,500

Apr. 1965 to
Mar. 1968.

Apr. 1, 1967; 5-9 cents.

Steelworkers..

6, 800

Sept. 1965 to
July 1968.

Aug. 1, 1967; 6-9.6 cents.

.

6. Steel and Aluminum
Aluminum Co. of America- Auto Workers___
Aluminum Co. of America. Aluminum
Workers.
Aluminum Co. of America. Steelworkers.
Armco Steel Corp.
(M iddletown and
New Miami, Ohio.)
Crucible Steel Co. of
America (Pa., N .Y .,
and N .J .).
Kaiser Aluminum and
Chemical Corp.
Kaiser Steel Corp.
(Fontana, Calif.).
Reynolds Metals C o..

Armco Em ploy­
ees Independ­
ent Federa­
tion, Inc.
(Ind.).
Steelworkers___

8 , 000

June 1965 to
M ay 1968.

11, 000

June 1965 to
M ay 1968.
June 1965 to
M ay 1968.
Jan. 1966 to
Jan. 1969.

12, 000

6,000

8, 000

Sept. 1965 to
July 1968.

.do.

9, 000

.do.

6,800

June 1965 to
M ay 1968.
Sept. 1965 to
July 1968.
June 1965 to
M ay 1968.5
Sept. 1965 to
July 1968.

.do.

7,000

United States Steel
____do.
Corp. salaried, clerical,
and technical employees.
10 major basic steel com___ do.
panies—production and
maintenance employees:
Armco Steel Corp.
Bethlehem Steel Co.
Colorado Fuel and Iron
Corp. (Mass, and
Colo.).
Inland Steel Co.
Jones and Laughlin Steel
Corp. (Pa. and Ohio).
National Steel Corp.,
Great Lakes Steel
Division (Michigan).
Pittsburgh Steel Corp.
Republic Steel Corp.
United States Steel Corp.
Youngstown Sheet and
Tube Co.

7,100

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

326, 000

Sept. 1965 to
July 1968.

June 1967; 7 cents plus 0.2
cent increase in increments
between wage rates.
June 1, 1967; 8.5 cents.
June 1, 1967; 7-12.2 cents.
Aug. 1, 1967; 6-13.2 cents.

Aug. 1, 1967; 6-12 cents.
June 1, 1967; 7-25 cents.
Aug. 1, 1967; 6-12 cents.
June 1, 1967; 7-12.2 cents.
Aug. 1, 1967; $4.80-$12.22
biweekly.
Aug. 1, 1967; 6-12 cents
(6-11.6 cents for Pittsburgh
Steel Co. and Republic
Steel Co.; 6-13.2 cents for
Ashland, K y., plant of
Armco Steel Corp.; 6-13.6
cents for Inland Steel Co.).

1349

'THE WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967
T a ble 3.

E x p ir a t io n , R e o p e n in g , a nd W age -A d ju stm e n t P r o v isio n s of _ S elected
A g r e e m e n t s , J a n u a r y - D ecem ber 1967 1— Continued

Union 3

Company or association 2

Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

C ollective B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4

Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

7. Electrical Products
General Electric Co--------

Electrical
Workers (IU E).
Radio Corp. of America------------ do— ..............

80,000

Radio Corp. of America___ Electrical
Workers
(IBEW ).
___
do____
Western Electric Co., Inc.,
Hawthorne Works
(Chicago, 111.).
Electrical
Westinghouse Electric
Workers (IUE).
Corp.

17,600

8,800

9,500
40,000

Oct. 1966 to
Oct. 1969.«
June 1964 to
M ay 1968.
June 1964 to
June 1967.

Oct. 1967.

Oct. 1967; 3 percent (6-cent
minimum ).

Oct. 16, 1967

Oct. 6, 1967; 6-12 cents.

Anytime after April 1, 1967,
upon 60 days’ notice.

Dec. 1963 to
Feb. 1967.
Oct. 1966 to
Nov. 1969. «
8. Aircraft
Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
D ec.).

Bendix Corp. (Interstate) — Auto W orkers...

13,000

Feb. 1965 to
Apr. 1968.

Seattle Profes­
sional Engi­
neering Em ­
ployees Asso­
ciation (Ind.).
Machinists_____

10,100

June 1965 to
June 1967.

51,800

Oct. 1965 to
Oct. 1968.

___do__________

10, 500

Aug. 1965 to
July 1968.

Auto W orkers...

21,000

July 1965 to
July 1968.

____do___________

July 17, 1967; 8 cents.

M achinists.........

8,800

Jan. 1966 to
Jan. 1971.

Jan. 30, 1967; 8 cents.

Lockheed Aircraft Corp.,
Lockheed—California
Division (Los Angeles
County, Calif.).
Lockheed Aircraft Corp.,
Lockheed—Georgia
Division (Marietta,
Ga.).
M cDonnell Aircraft Corp.
(St. Louis, M o.).

____do__________

13,800

July 1965 to
July 1968.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.).
Quarterly (Jan.,
Apr., July,
Oct.).

____do__________

14,900

July 1965 to
July 1968.

_ __do___________

July 22, 1967; 8 cents.

____do__________

18, 700

N ov. 1965 to
N ov. 1968.

Nov. 6, 1967; 9 cents.

North American Aviation,
Inc.

Auto Workers__

33,000

Oct. 1965 to
Sept. 1968.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.).
Quarterly (Jan.,
Apr., July,
Oct.).

United Aircraft Corp.,
Pratt and W hitney
Aircraft Division (East
Hartford and Manches­
ter, Conn.).

M a ch in ists_____

16,000

Dec. 1965 to
N ov. 1968.

Boeing Co. (Washington
and Utah).

Boeing Co. (Interstate)___
Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc.,
Missile and Space Sys­
tems Division (Santa
Monica, Calif.).
Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc.
(Long Beach, Calif.,
Tulsa, Okla., and
Charlotte, N .C .).
General Dynamics Corp.
(Fort Worth, Tex.).

Quarterly (Jan.,
Apr., July,
Oct.).
Quarterly (Feb.,
M ay, Aug.,
N ov.).

9. Controlling Instruments
Honeywell, Inc. (Minne­
apolis and St. Paul,
M inn.).
Sperry Rand Corp., Sperry
Gyroscope Division
(Great Neck, N .Y .,
area).

Teamsters(Ind.)._

9, 500

Feb. 1965 to
Jan. 1968.

Electrical Workers(IUE).

5,600

June 1964 to
June 1967.

See fo o tn o te s a t end of tab le.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Feb. 1,1967, on 60 days’ notice.

Oct. 2, 1967; 8 cents.
July 17, 1967; 8 cents.

July 24, 1967; 8 cents.

Oct. 1, 1967; 8 cents.
Dec. 3, 1967; 8-14 cents.

1350
T a ble 3.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966
E x p ir a t io n ,

Company or association

2

R e o p e n in g , a nd W a g e -A d ju st m e n t P r o v isio n s of S elec ted
A g r e em en ts , J a n u a r y - D ec em ber 1967 1— Continued

U n io n 3

Ap­
proxi­
mate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

C ollective B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

10. Rubber
Firestone Tire and Rubber Rubber Work­
Co.
ers.
B. F. Goodrich Co_______ ____do____ _____
Goodyear Tire and Rub­
_do_____ ____
ber Co.
United States Rubber Co.__ ____do_____ ___

17.000
11.000
20,300
22,000

Apr. 1965 to
Apr. 1967.
Apr. 1965 to
Apr. 1967.
Apr. 1965 to
Apr. 1967.
June 1965 to
Apr. 1967.
11. Chemicals

D ow Chemical Co. (M id­
land, M ich.).

M ine Workers
District 50
(Ind.).

5,900

Mar. 1965 to
Mar. 1968.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.).

Mar. 6, 1967 ; 7 cents.

12. Petroleum
Atlantic Richfield Co____

Atlantic Inde­
pendent Union
(Ind.).

7,000

Apr. 1965 to
Mar. 1967.

At any tim e ._

______

..

13. Stone, Clay, and Glass Products
Glass Container Manu­
facturers Institute, Inc.
(production and main­
tenance—excluding
West Coast).
Libbey-Owens-Ford
Glass Co.
Pittsburgh Plate Glass
Co., Glass Division.

Glass Bottle
Blowers.

Glass and
Ceramic
Workers.
-- __do_________

26,000

Feb. 1965 to
Jan. 1968.

Mar. 1, 1967; 10 cents.

8,400

Oct. 1965 to
Oct. 1968.

9,000

Feb. 1966 to
Feb. 1969.

Oct. 25, 1967; 5 cents on base
rates and minimum in­
creased from $2.71 to $2.83.
Feb. 16, 1967; 4 cents on base
rates (except 7 cents at
Creighton Research Lab­
oratory and 11 cents at
Cumberland plant) and
minimum increased from
$2.56 to $2.67.
14. Paper

international Paper Co.,
Southern Kraft Division.

Pacific Coast Association
of Pulp and Paper
Manufacturers.

Papermakers
and Paperworkers; Pulp
and Sulphite
Workers; Elec­
trical Workers
(IBEW ).
Association of
Western Pulp
and Paper
Workers
(Ind.).

12,000

June 1965 to
May 1967.

21, 500

Oct. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

15. Printing and Publishing
Metropolitan Lithog­
raphers Association, Inc.,
and independent shops
(N ew York and N ew
Jersey Districts).
Printing Industries of
Metropolitan N ew
York, Inc., Printers
League Section (Metro­
politan N ew York area).

Typographical
Union (for­
merly Local 1of
Lithographers
(Ind)).
-----do__________

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

9,000

M ay 1965 to
Apr. 1968.

5,500

N ov. 1965 to
Nov. 1967.6

May 1, 1967; $4 per week
(except miscellaneous
lithographic job classifica­
tions receive $3 per week).

T H E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967
T a ble 3.

1351

E x p ir a t io n , R e o p e n in g , a n d W age -A d ju stm e n t P r o v isio n s of S elec ted
A g r e e m e n t s , J a n u a r y - D ec em ber 1967 1—Continued

Company or association 2

Union 3

Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

C ollective B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

16. Textiles
Knitted Outerwear Manu­
facturers Association
(Philadelphia, Pa.,
area).
Textile Dyeing, Printing,
and Finishing Industry.
United Knitwear Manu­
facturers League, Inc.
(New York, N .Y .).

Ladies’ Garment
Workers.

8,300

July 1966 to
June 1969.

July 1, 1967; increase in most
minimum rates.

Textile Workers
Union.

8,500

Oct. 1966 to
Oct. 1969.«

Oct. 1, 1967; 13 cents.

Ladies’ Garment
Workers.

10,000

July 1964 to
July 1967.

In event of increase or decrease in the cost of living
or change in purchasing
power of the dollar.
17. Apparel

Allied Underwear Associa­
tion, Inc.; Lingerie
Manufacturers’ Associa­
tion of N ew York, Inc.;
and Negligee Manufac­
turers’ Association of
N ew York, Inc. (Metro­
politan N ew York area).
American M illinery
Manufacturing Associa­
tion, Inc. (New York
C ity and N ew Jersey)
(Formerly Eastern
W omen’s Headwear
Association, Inc.).
Associated Fur Manufac­
turers, Inc. (New York,
N .Y .).
Clothing Manufacturers
Association of the
U.S.A.

Ladies’ Garment
Workers.

11,800

July 1963 to
June 1969.

Hatters

8,500

Jan. 1966 to
Dec. 1968.

M eat Cutters___

7,000

Feb. 1965 to
Feb. 1969.

Jan. 1, 1967; $6 per week.

100, 000

June 1965 to
M ay 1968.

June 5, 1967; 10 cents if vaca­
tion pay is based upon a 40hour week; 11.1 cents if vaca­
tion pay is based upon a 36hour week.
Nov. 7, 1967; 10 cents.

Clothing
Workers.

Cluett Peabody and Co.

___ do__________

8, 600

Infants’ and Children’s
N ovelties Association,
Inc.; Infants’ and
Children’s Coat Associa­
tion, Inc.; and Manufac­
turers of Snowsuits,
N ovelty Wear and In­
fants’ Coats, Inc.

Ladies’ Garment
Workers.

9,500

Sept. 1966 to
Aug. 1969.®
June 1964 to
May 1967.

M en’s and B oys’ Shirt
and Leisurewear, Asso­
ciation, Inc.; and Shirt,
Robe, and Leisurewear
Apparel Association of
America, Inc. (New
York, N .Y . area).
National Skirt and Sports­
wear Association, Inc.

Clothing
Workers.

8, 500

Sept. 1966 to
Aug. 1969.®

(Interstate).

15, 000

June 1964 to
May 1967.

____do

40,000

June 1964 to
May 1967.

Popular Priced Dress
___ do.
Manufacturers’ Group,
Inc.; Popular Price
Dress Contractors Asso­
ciation, Inc.; United
Better Dress Manufac­
turers Association, Inc.;
National Dress M anu­
facturers Association, Inc.;
and Affiliated Dress
Manufacturers, Inc.

80,000

Feb. 1964 to
Jan. 1967.

New York Coat and Suit
Association, Inc., and 2
others.

Ladies’ Garment
Workers.

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.

2 3 8 -2 6 4 O — 66— ■
— 2


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

In event of national currency
regulations or other changes
which affect the purchasing
power of the dollar, or in
event of an increase in cost
of living of at least 2 ^ per­
cent over level of June 15,
1966.
Jan. 1, 1967; $2-$3 per week
for w eekly workers; 2 per­
cent per week for piece
workers.

By union in event of any rise
in the cost of living.

Nov. 7, 1967; 10 cents.

In event of national currency
legislation, or other changes
which shall reduce the pur­
chasing power of the dollar,
or in event of an increase in
the cost of living.
In event the cost of living
shall have risen since M ay
15, 1964; union notice on or
before Apr. 1 (for fall
season) or Sept. 15 (for
spring season).
In event of an increase or de­
crease in the cost of living
since Jan. 1964.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

1352
T a ble 3.

E x p ir a t io n , R e o p e n in g , and W ag e -A d ju st m e n t P r o v isio n s of S elected
A g r e e m e n t s , J a n u a r y - D e c em ber 1967 1— Continued

Company or association 2

Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

Union 3

C ollective B a rg a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

18. Leather and Leather Products
International Shoe Co.

Boot and Shoe
Workers;
United Shoe
Workers.

M assachusetts Shoe
Manufacturers (M as­
sachusetts).

United Shoe
Workers.

13, 000

7, 500

Jan. 2, 1967; 9 cents to all day
work rates; pieceworkers
receive 6-eent hourly in­
crease to be added to the
clock hours and 3 cents
added to all class wages.

Oct. 1966 to
Sept. 1968.6

Jan. 1965 to
Jan. 1967.

19. Food Products
National Biscuit Co______

Pineapple Companies
(canneries and plantations) (Hawaii).
Sugar Plantation Companies’ Negotiating
Committee (Honolulu,
Hawaii area).
Armour and Co____ John Morrell and Co

_

Swift and Co

Swift and C o...

Wilson and Co., Inc____--

American
Bakery and
ConfectioneryWorkers.
Longshoremen
and Warehousemen
(Ind.).
____do____ _____

Packinghouse
Workers; and
M eat Cutters,
do__
_ ___do____

___

National
Brotherhood
of Packing­
house and
Dairy Workers
(Ind.).
Packinghouse
Workers.

9,000

Sept. 1965 to
Aug. 1967.

6,000

Mar. 1965 to
Jan. 1968.

Feb. 1, 1967; 7 cents.

10, 000

Feb. 1966 to
Jan. 1969.

Feb. 1, 1967; 13-31 cents.

13,300

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967

Semiannually
(Jan. and July).

10,000

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967.
Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967.

___ do___________

12,500

5,700

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967.

6,000

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967
(effective
date at
Atlanta—
N ov. 1964
and at
Birming­
ham—Oct.
1964).

Semiannually
(Jan. and July)
(Does not ap­
ply to Process­
ing Sales Units
at Columbia,
S.C., and
Norfolk, Va.).
Semiannually
(Jan. and July).

do.

20. Tobacco Manufactures
American Tobacco Co.,
Inc. (North Carolina
and Virginia).

Tobacco
Workers.

5,000

Jan. 196fi to
Dec. 1967.

21. Mining
Anthracite operators
(Pennsylvania).

M ine Workers
(Ind.).

10, 000

Bituminous coal operators- Mine Workers
(Ind.).

80, 000

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Sept. 1966 to
open
end.
Apr. 1966 to
open
end.

Mar. 6, 1967; 6.5 cents at
Wilson, N .C . only.

1353

T H E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967
T a b l e 3.

E x p ir a t io n , R e o p e n in g , a n d W age -A d ju st m e n t P r o v isio n s of S elected
A g r e em en ts , J a n u a r y - D ec e m ber 1967 1— Continued

Company or association 2

Union 3

Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

C ollective B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Automatic costof-living review 5

Wage reopening

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

22. Airlines
American Airlines, Inc.;
ground service personnel.

Transport
Workers.

Pan American World Airways, Inc. (clerical and
related employees).

Railway C lerks..

5 major airlines: Eastern,
National, Northwest,
Trans-World and United
(mechanics and related
employees).

Machinists

10,000

M ay 1966 to
Apr. 1968.«

6, 000

Jan. 1965 to
Mar. 1967.«

35, 400

J a n .1966 to
Dec. 1968.«

May 1, 1967; 13-19 cents.
Nov. 1, 1967; 14-20 cents.

Jan. 1, 1967; 5 percent.

23. Railroads
Class I Railroads.

Pennsylvania Railroad
Co. (maintenance and
equipment division).
Railway Express A gency..

Operating
Unions:
Railroad Train­
men.
Transport
Workers.

96, 000

Railway C lerks..

35, 000

15, 000

Aug. 1966 to
open end.«
Jan. 1966 to
open end.6

At any time on or after
Sept. 30, 1967.

July 1965 to
open end
(Jan. 1965
for em­
ployees
formerly
represented
by Team­
sters).

Subject to reopening if Con­
gress raises size-weight
limits for parcel post.

Jan. 1, 1967; 9 cents.
Jan. 1, 1967; 9 cents ($3 hourly
or $120 weekly minimum
wage effective May 1, 1967.

24. Local Transit
Cab Companies of New
York City (drivers,
mechanics, and main­
tenance employees of
67 fleets).
Philadelphia Transporta­
tion Co. (Philadelphia,
Pa.).
Public Service Coordi­
nated Transport Co.
(N ew Jersey).

Directly Affil­
iated Local
Union No.
3036.

18,000

M ay 1966 to
Nov. 1967.

Transport
Workers.

5,100

Jan. 1965 to
Jan. 1967.

Amalgamated
Transit Union.

5,000

Mar. 1966 to
Feb. 1968.

Quarterly (Mar.,
June, Sept.,
Dec.).

25. Trucking and Warehousing
National Master Auto­
mobile Transporters
Agreement (Truckaway;
Driveaway and local
agreements for Central
Conference and Western
Conference areas).
Central States Area Local
Cartage Supplemental
Agreement.
Central States Area, Overthe-Road Motor Freight
Supplemental Agree­
ment.
Empire State Highway
Transportation Associa­
tion and one other;
General Trucking
Agreement (New York,
N .Y .).
Motor Transport Labor
Relations, Inc., and 4
other associations; Overthe-Road and Local
Cartage Supplemental
Agreements (Philadel­
phia, Pa. area).

Teamsters (Ind.).

11. 500

.d o__________ 120,000

May 31, 1967.
Central area; In event of war, declaration
Mar. 1964
of emergency, or imposition
to May
of economic controls, on
1967.
60 days’ notice.
Western
area; July
1964 to
May 1967.
Feb. 1964 to __ __do___ _ ___________ _ Mar. 31, 1967.
Mar. 1967.

.d o__________

40, 000

Feb. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

.d o____ _____

8 , 000

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1967.

23, 000

Sept. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

do.

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

___

Mar. 31, 1967.

In event of war, declaration
of emergency, or imposition
of economic controls, on
60 days’ notice.

Mar. 31, 1967.

____do__________

Mar. 1, 1967; 2.5-7 cents.
Sept. 1, 1967; 3.5-8 cents.

1354
T a ble 3.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966
E x p ir a t io n , R e o p e n in g , and W age -A d ju st m e n t P r o v isio n s of S elec ted
A g r e em en ts , J a n u a r y - D e Cem b e r 1967 1— Continued

Company or association 2

Approximate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

Union 3

C ollective B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

25. Trucking and Warehousing—Continued
New England Freight
Agreement.
Southeastern Area Motor
Carriers’ Labor Rela­
tions Association, Local
Cartage Supplemental
Agreement.
Southeastern Area Motor
Carriers’ Labor Rela­
tions Association; Overthe-Road Supplemental
Agreement (Interstate).
Upstate New York Truck­
ing; Local Cartage
Agreement.
Upstate New York Truck­
ing; Over-the-Road
Motor Freight Agree­
ment.
Western States Area:
Pick-up and Delivery
Local Cartage and Dock
Workers Agreement;
Over-the-Road Agree­
ment; Office Employees
Agreement; Automotive
Shop and Truck Service
Agreement; Western
States Area Master
Agreement and
Supplements.

Teamsters (Ind.)_

16, 000

Apr. 1961 to
Jan. 1967.

____do____ _ _ _

8, 000

Feb. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

____do____ ___ __

5,000

Feb. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

____do___ __

Aug. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

.d o . -

12, 000

_ ___do____

_ _

___ _do_____

__

6, 000

___ do_.......... .........

58, 000

In event of war, declaration
Mar. 31, 1967.
of emergency, or imposition
of economic controls, on
60 days’ notice.
_ __do_____ _
___
_ __ Mar. 31, 1967.

Aug. 1964 to
Mar. 1967. .
July 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

Marine
Engineers.

- -_do_

Mar. 31, 1967.

_ _ Mar. 31, 1967.
Mar. 31, 1967.

_ _ ___ _______

Mar. 31, 1967.

Maritime
June 16, 1967; 3.2 percent
increase in total employment
costs to be allocated at
unions’ option.

6,200

Aug. 1965 to
June 1969.

16,300

Aug. 1963 to
June 1969.

___ d o ..................

5,000

Aug. 1963 to
June 1969.

Longshoremen’s
Association.

24,000

Oct. 1964 to
Sept. 1968.

Oct. 1, 1967; 8 cents.

Seafarers______

10, 000

June 1965 to
June 1969.

June 16, 1967; $25 per month
per job to be allocated as
determined by the union.

Maritime.

27.
American Telephone and
Communications
Telegraph Co., LongWorkers.
lines Department.
Bell Telephone Co. of
Electrical
Pennsylvania, Traffic
Workers
Department (Pennsyl­
(IBEW ).
vania).
General Telephone Co. of
Communications
California.
Workers.
New York Telephone Co., Telephone
Downstate Traffic
Traffic Union
Department.
New York Telephone Co., Communications
Downstate and U p­
Workers.
state Plant Depart­
ments.
Southwestern Bell Tele­
____do______
phone Co.

and.).

See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

- ___ .

__do___

26.
Atlantic and Gulf Coast
Committee for Com­
panies and Agents
(Passengers and drycargo ship operators).
Atlantic and Gulf Coast
Committee for Com­
panies and Agents
(Passenger and drycargo ship operators,
unlicensed personnel).
Atlantic and Gulf Coast
tanker companies—
unlicensed personnel.
New York Shipping
Association, Inc. (Port
of Greater New York
and vicinity).
Pacific Maritime Associa­
tion (Unlicensed Sea­
men) (Pacific Coast).

___ ______ __

Apr. 16, 1967, on 60 days’
notice.

____do -- __________________

Telephone and Telegraph

22,700

Nov. 1963 to
Jan. 1967.

7,800

Jan. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

9,100
13,400

Mar. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.
Apr. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

23,800

Apr. 1964 to
Feb. 1967.

44, 300

N ov. 1963 to
Feb. 1967.

1355

T H E WAGE CALENDAR FOR 1967
T a b l e 3.

E x p ir a t io n , R e o p e n in g , a n d W age -A d ju stm e n t P r o v isio n s of S elec ted
A g r e e m e n t s , J a n u a r y - D ec e m b e r 1967 1— Continued

Company or association 2

Union 3

Ap­
proxi­
mate
number
of em­
ployees
covered

C ollective B a r g a in in g

Provisions effective January-December 1967 for—
Contract
term 4
Wage reopening

Automatic costof-living review 5

Deferred wage increase (hourly
rate unless otherwise specified)

27. Telephone and Telegraph—Continued
Western Electric Co.,
Inc.; Distribution Or­
ganization of the Service
Division.
Western Union Telegraph
Co. (Interstate exclud­
ing the New York
metropolitan area).

Communications
Workers.

10,400

Jan. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

T p,lpgraph p.rs

19, 500

.Tiinp, IQfifi to
M ay 1968.

28.
Commonwealth Edison
Co., Public Service D i­
vision (Illinois).
Consolidated Edison Co.
of N ew York, Inc. (New
York City and West­
chester County, N .Y .).
Niagara Mohawk Power
Corp. (Upstate N ew
York).

Mar. 31, 1967, on 60 days’
notice.

8, 700

Apr. 1966 to
Mar. 1968.

U tility Workers..

19,600

Dec. 1965 to
Novi 1968.

June 1, 1967; 5-7 cents and
July 2, 1967; 2.5-7 cents.

Electrical Work­
ers (IBEW ).

7,100

June 1966 to
M ay 1968.

June 1, 1967; 7-19 cents.

Prudential Insurance
Insurance Work­
Co. of America.
ers.
Realty Advisory Board on Building Service
Labor Relations, Apart­
Employees.
ment Buildings (New
York, N .Y .).
Realty Advisory Board on ____do............. .......
Labor Relations, Inc.,
Commercial Buildings
(New York, N .Y .).

17, 400

20,000

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Sef)t. 1965 to
Sept. 1967.
Apr. 1964 to
Apr. 1967.
Jan. 1, 1967; 7.5 cents.

25,000
Dec. 1968.

30.

Nevada Industrial Council
(Resort Hotels) (Las
Vegas, N ev.).
Southern Florida Hotel
and M otel Association
(M iami Beach, Fla.
area).

Electric and Gas Utilities

Electrical Workers (IBEW ).

29.

Golden Gate Restaurant
Association and inde­
pendent restaurants and
taverns (San Francisco,
Calif, area).
Hotel Association of N ew
York City, Inc. (New
York, N .Y .).

June 1, 1967: 4.5 percent (ex­
cept no increase to walking
bicycle and telecycle mes­
sengers); Plant Department
Workmen (PW K M ) re­
ceive 10-20 cents per hour.

Hotels and Restaurants

Hotel and Restaurant Employees.

12,500

Sept. 1964 to
Aug. 1969.

N ew York Hotel
and Motel
Trades Council.

32,000

June 1966 to
M ay 1970.

6,300

Mar. 1964 to
Mar. 1967.

5,300

Sept. 1959 to
Âug. 1969.

Hotel and Restaurant Employees.
do

1
2
3
4

Sept. 1, 1967, on 90 days’
notice.

June 1, 1967; $1.25-$3.50 per
week (in event subway fare
is increased to 25 cents wages
will be increased an addi­
tional 50 cents per week).

Sept. 15, 1967, on 60 days’
notice.

Contracts on file with the Bureau of Labor Statistics, N ov. 1,1966, except
where footnote indicates that information is from newspaper source.
Interstate unless otherwise specified.
Unions affiliated with the A FL -C IO , except where noted as independent.
Refers to the date the contract is to go into effect, not the date of signing.
Where a contract has been amended or modified and the original termination
date extended, the effective date of the changes becomes the new effective
date of the agreement.
For purposes of this listing, the expiration is the formal termination date
established by the agreement. In general, it is the earliest date on which


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

termination of the contract could be effective, except for special provisions
for termination as in the case of disagreement arising out of a wage reopening.
Many agreements provide for automatic renewal at the expiration date un­
less notice of termination is given. The Labor Management Relations Act
of 1947 requires that a party to an agreement desiring to terminate or modify
it shall serve written notice upon the other party 60 days prior to the ex­
piration date.
Date shown indicates the month in which adjustment is to be made, not
the month of the Consumer Price Index on which adjustment is based.
Information is from newspaper account of settlement.

5
6

maintained that productivity gains over the next
few years were not expected to be above the trend
for the postwar period.

A Review
of Labor Relations
in 1966
K aren E. Ondras*

T hough the familiar story of increasing prices,
wages, and productivity continued in 1966, there
was a different twist to the ending. Continued at­
tempts to tie wage and price increases to pro­
ductivity changes through the mechanism of the
guidepost met new difficulties. The guides were
often exceeded and wages and prices both rose to
new highs, though productivity increased by less
than the postwar trend.
Union leaders continued to receive membership
support and there were few changes in national
union officers. Rank and file members did express
a concern about rising prices. This concern was
manifested in several rejections of contract pro­
posals agreed to by union officers and approval of
constitutional amendments that would give greater
say in contract decisions to the rank and file.
In 1966, low unemployment rates, labor short­
ages in specific occupations, and increasing de­
mands for labor and materials to support the
Vietnamese conflict sharpened the need for re­
straints on wage-price increases.
In late January, the President’s Council of Eco­
nomic Advisors announced that the guidepost for
1966 would be 3.2 percent—a figure based on pro­
ductivity changes over the entire postwar period.
Labor’s protest that the old formula for comput­
ing the figure (the average increase in productivity
over the previous 5 years) should be retained was
rebutted by the Council, which offered the justifi­
cation that the expansion of the base would reduce
the variation in the guides. The Council also
1356


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Productivity in 1966

Productivity increases for the private economy
were expected to be about 3 percent—slightly
higher than the rate that prevailed in 1965 but
lower than the trend for the last 5 years and the
entire postwar period. The slowing down in pro­
ductivity is the result of labor shortages in a few
areas, increased pressure on existing capacity, and
the need to use marginal capacity. The gain in
output was also expected to reach its 1965 level of
6 percent. Though capital purchases continued
at a high level in 1966, the timelag between pur­
chases of capital equipment and its efficient opera­
tion caused productivity measures to show no
appreciable increases.
The Consumer Price Index increased from 111.0
in January to 114.1 in September. The food price
index was 111.4 in January and 115.6 in Septem­
ber. These increases have been attributed to re­
duced supplies, decreases in Government stocks of
key items, and adverse weather conditions.
During the same period, the price index for
housing increased to 111.8 from 109.2, apparel to
110.7 from 107.3, and medical care to 129.4 from
124.2. It has been estimated that if prices for
medical services continue to rise at the current
pace, the 1966 rise will be equivalent to the 1952
Korean high.
For many workers, take-home pay not only
looked smaller, it was smaller. On January 1,
1966, new social security provisions went into
effect. The tax on wages was increased to 4.2 per­
cent and the base was increased to $6,600 a year.
The Labor Force

The total labor force (seasonally adjusted) rose
from 79.6 million in January to 81.2 million in
November. As the size of the labor force in­
creased employment also increased, causing the un­
employment rate to remain at about the 4 percent
level (3.7 in November) throughout the year.
Part of the increase in total employment was ac­
counted for by increases in the Armed Forces
*Of the Division of Publications, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1357

A REVIEW OF LABOR RELATIONS IN 1966

(about 350,000 since January), but increases in the
civilian labor force were enough to outdistance
long-term projections.
The jobless rate for men (2.4 in November) and
women (3.8 in September) did not change signifi­
cantly over the first 9 months of the year. Sub­
stantial gains in the number of jobs for adult
women, however, were recorded in the third quar­
ter. Teenage employment increases during the
summer months were greater than expected—
totaling 1 million more than in 1965.
The low unemployment rates for qualified and
experienced workers indicated a continuing de­
mand for workers with good professional and
manual skills. In November, the unemployment
rate for white-collar workers was 1.9 percent, for
clerical workers 2.7 percent. Though no overall
shortages developed in the work force, shortages
did occur in some occupations.
The major share of the shortages wTere concen­
trated in professional and technical positions.
Engineers, teachers, nurses, social workers, drafts­
men, machinists, mechanics, and repairmen, as well
as welders, toolmakers, die pattern and modelmakers were among positions labeled hard-to-fill.
Federal programs to meet shortages involved
thousands of persons. Enrollments in the training
programs of the Manpower Development and
Training Act totaled 118,500 during the first 6
months of 1966—a substantial increase over earlier
years of the program. Approximately 205,000
youngsters were enrolled in programs of the
Neighborhood Youth Corps in May. Trainees
were filling shortages in health and related fa­
cilities and aiding teachers and librarians as well
as participating in youth and community
programs.
In early 1966, State Employment Security agen­
cies sent lists of long-term unfilled job openings to
the State offices of the Bureau of Apprenticeship
and Training. The Bureau then helped employers
to establish or expand suitable training programs.
At the end of the year, training programs were
in effect for machine operators, bricklayers, drafts­
men, hospital attendants, and tool and diemakers.
Immigration restrictions were modified and the
requirement of individual certification by the
Labor Department for prospective immigrants in
21 skilled labor classifications—including sheetmetal workers, machinists, tool and diemakers—
was eliminated. The list of unskilled occupations


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

with restricted entry into the United States was cut
by one-third; parking lot attendants, clerks,
typists, and launderers are among those now
granted entry after obtaining individual Labor De­
partment certification.
Throughout 1966, unskilled workers showed a
level of unemployment—8.5 percent in Novem­
ber—consistently higher than that for skilled
workers. The jobless rate for Negro workers in­
creased in the late spring and during the summer
(Negro youths did not fare as well in obtaining
summer employment as white youths did). The
increase in the unemployment rate for nonwhites
(to 7.4 percent in November) stemmed from in­
adequate employment gains in semiskilled, un­
skilled, and farm occupations and not from an
inordinate increase in the Negro labor force or the
number of workers seeking jobs.
The reductions in unemployment for all except
the Negroes, and the drop in long-term unemploy­
ment to its lowest level since late 1953 (0.6 percent
in the third quarter of 1966), combined to make
the unemployment situation in 1966 as good as in
the 1955-57 period.
The individual area unemployment picture also
showed signs of improving. By the end of Octo­
ber, the number of areas having substantial unem­
ployment dropped to 8—an alltime low. Among
the eight areas were Altoona, Pa., Lowell, Mass.,
and Stockton, Calif., all of which have been on
the list for a long time. Last year, there were 19
areas and in 1961 there were 101.
Collective Bargaining

The increase in prices, the increase in taxes, the
continuing increases in productivity, and the in­
crease in the size and scope of labor shortages
combined with an increase in social security taxes
and prompted a diversion away from fringes and
toward wage increases in the major agreements.
About 4.1 million workers covered by major col­
lective bargaining agreements received deferred
wage increases in 1966. Autoworkers received in­
creases of 3.4 percent ; the increases to employees
in the meatpacking, aerospace, can, retail trade,
and construction industries varied from l 1/* per­
cent in meatpacking to 3y2 percent in retail trade.
As a result of the increase in the CPI, workers
covered by cost-of-living escalator clauses received
substantially larger adjustments than usual, but

1358
average expenditures per hour (except for social
security taxes) for all workers covered by deferred
wage or benefit increases were slightly less in 1966
than in 1965.
Less than a fifth of the workers covered by large
collective bargaining agreements (agreements af­
fecting at least 5,000 workers) were covered by
contracts which expired in 1966. During the first
6 months of the year, agreements were negotiated
which affected 833,000 workers. During compa­
rable periods in the 3 preceding years, 1.1 to 1.5
million workers had been involved in contract ne­
gotiations—an indication that 1966 was relatively
light in collective bargaining activity.
The average annual increase in wages over the
full term of the contracts negotiated in the first
half of 1966 was 3.7 percent. Comparable meas­
ures were 3.3 percent in 1965, 3.0 percent in 1964,
and 2.5 percent in 1963. First year adjustments
ranging from 3 to 414 percent were scheduled for
54 percent of the covered workers, with 25 percent
getting raises of 5 percent or more.
Several pattern-setting agreements were reached
in the textile industry. The settlement in the 1966
round of negotiations for 18,000 workers in the
woolen and worsted industry was valued at 1314
cents an hour. A 25-cent package contracted by
the Textile Workers and four New England textile
manufacturers set the trend for 40,000 workers in
cotton and synthetic textile mills. The 1966 round
of wage increases in the southern textile industry
began in April when increases of about 5 percent
were announced by four large firms.
The Amalgamated Clothing Workers and sev­
eral of the Nation’s major shirt, pajama, and other
cotton garment manufacturers signed an agree­
ment in September that covered 35,000 workers.
Wages were to increase 10 cents an hour in No­
vember 1966 and again in 1967. Employer pay­
ments to welfare and retirement funds were also
increased.
The West Coast longshoring industry saw an­
other important contract signed without a strike.
Since the establishment of the Mechanization and
Modernization Fund in 1960, both tons loaded per
hour and total tonnage have increased 40 percent,
while labor cost per ton of loaded cargo has de­
creased 3.6 percent. The 1966 contract provided
for an average wage increase of 50 cents an hour
in 1966 with additional 20-cent increases in 1969
and in 1970. The part also provided for a lump­


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

sum payment of $1,200 to each of the 10,500 class
A Longshoremen covered by the fund agreement.
An employer contribution of $34.5 million over the
next 5 years will be added to the unspent portion
of the 1961-66 fund.
The Northwest Forest Products Association and
the joint bargaining representative of the “Big
Five” in the Pacific Northwest fir, lumber, and
plywood industries (Weyerhauser Corp., Interna­
tional Paper Co., Crown Zellerbach Corp., U.S.
Plywood Corp., and Rayonier, Inc.) reached agree­
ment with the Lumber and Sawmill Workers (an
affiliate of the Carpenters) and the Woodworkers
in early June. The 55-cent-an-hour contract cov­
ered 3 years. The Georgia Pacific Corp., the St.
Regis Paper Co., and the Timber Operators’
Council agreed to similar packages. Some 60,000
workers were covered by the agreements which
were expected to set the pattern for an additional
20.000 workers in the industry.
A series of wage reopeners in the communica­
tions industry first provided 47,000 workers at
Southwestern Bell Telephone with wage increases
of $2 to $4 a week. The CWA then agreed to $2to $5-a-week increases for 20,000 workers at Amer­
ican Telephone and Telegraph Co.’s Longlines De­
partment, and $2.50- to $5-a-week increases for
25.000 plant and related employees of New York
Telephone Co. The CWA failed to ratify a 3-year
contract covering 23,000 installers at Western
Electric which had been expected to set the pattern
for operating companies of the Bell Telephone
System.1 Ohio Bell was the first of the operating
companies to settle with the union. Their con­
tract provided 17,000 workers with weekly wage in­
creases ranging from $3.50 to $11.50.
Western Union settlements with the Commercial
Telegraphers provided 20,000 workers with 4y2
percent wage increases in both 1966 and 1967.
The fragmented nature of construction bargain­
ing made overall assessment of the hundreds of
agreements concluded in 1966 impossible. It was
evident, however, that many of the locals were
getting wage increases far above the 3.2 guideline.
When the Associated General Contractors of
New Jersey and the Operating Engineers an­
nounced a 3-year agreement providing increases
ranging from $1.09 to $1.93 (7.6 to 9 percent), the
1
W estern E le c tr ic in sta lle r s announced r a tifica tio n o f a re­
vised agreem en t on N ovem ber 16.

A REVIEW OF LABOR RELATIONS IN 1966

Council of Economic Advisors asked for a discus­
sion of the contract. The parties finally accepted
35-cent-an-hour wage increases for skilled workers
retroactive to July 1 of both 1965 and 1966 and on
July 1, 1967. The unions have always contended
that seasonal unemployment of workers must be
considered when construction contract costs are
evaluated—a contention that is particularly rele­
vant to the guideline concept. Secretary of Labor
W. Willard Wirtz and New Jersey Commissioner
of Labor and Industry Raymond F. Male issued
recommendations to the parties on ways to reduce
seasonality.
The Electrical Workers (IUE) negotiated a
contract with General Electric Co. in the presence
of 10 other unions. The 51-cent-an-hour settle­
ment called for a special cost-of-living escalator
which would afford wage increases of 3 to 10.5
percent (depending upon future changes in the
C PI). The 3-year and 3-week contract was
valued at over 5 percent and affected 80,000
workers.
The 10 allied unions which represent 45,000
workers will negotiate with the company on local
issues, and IU E grievances will be settled through
local agreements. The independent UE which
represents 14,000 workers also accepted packages
similar to the IU E agreement.
In late October, Westinghouse Electric Co. an­
nounced an agreement with the Electrical Workers
(IUE) on a 3-year pact which afforded 40,000 em­
ployees as many as six pay increases during the
term of the contract. Improvements in fringes,
pensions, and insurance benefits combined to make
the pact “at least equal to the General Electric
settlement.”
On November 2, the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen, with 96,000 members, reached an agree­
ment with the Nation’s Class I Railroads that
provided a 5-percent wage increase retroactive to
August 12. The 27,000 member Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen accepted a
similar agreement over the weekend of November
20, and the three other operating unions in the
industry are expected to conclude similar con­
tracts for their 62,000 members.
Work Stoppages

In the first 9 months of 1966, strikes resulted in
18.8 million man-days of idleness. During the


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1359
same period in 1965, 19.2 million man-days were
idled by strike action. The lost-time ratio for the
first 9 months was 0.19 percent; comparable figures
for 1965 and 1964 were 0.20 and 0.14 percent,
respectively.
The first strike of the year and the first strike in
the history of New York City’s transit system
lasted 12 days. On January 1, the Transport
Workers and the Transit Union rejected offers of
the Transit Authority and called 34,400 workers
off the job in a dispute over wage inequities.
Michael J. Quill, president of the Transport
Workers, and five other union officials were sub­
sequently jailed for violating a court injunction.
Proposals for a new 2-year contract providing 4percent wage increases retroactive to January 1,
and additional increases of 4 percent in January
1967, and 7 percent in July 1967 were accepted on
January 13.
Transportation settlements were particularly
difficult in 1966. In August 1965, the five major
airlines—Eastern, National, Northeast, TWA, and
United—and the Machinists agreed to bargain
jointly on contract renewals. Negotiations con­
tinued into 1966 when mediation was broken off in
March. The President then appointed an emer­
gency board under the provisions of the Railway
Labor Act to study the issues. The union rejected
the Board’s report in June and 35,400 Machinists
went on strike on July 8. Negotiations were con­
tinued at the White House and a tentative agree­
ment was reached on July 29.
Union members rejected the settlement on July
31, but accepted a similar agreement on August
19 before the House could act on a Senate bill to
order the Machinists back to work for as long as
180 days. The contract provided three wage in­
creases of 5 percent and two semiannual cost-ofliving escalator adjustments—1 cent for each 0.4
point change in the CPI, with a 3-cent maximum
for each adjustment.
Half of the Nation’s coal capacity was idled by
a 16-day walkout staged by the United Mine
Workers against the Bituminous Coal Operators
Association. Signing of a 21/£>-year contract on
April 24 ended the strike which had idled 58,000
miners at its peak. In addition to an immediate
$l-a-day wage increase to all workers, the agree­
ment provided 32 cents a day to about 12 percent
of the work force. Prior to the strike, the Mine
Workers signed 30-month contracts with Peabody

1360
Coal Co., the Nation’s largest coal producer, and
two other companies. The 6,500 workers covered
by these agreements received increases of about 3
percent a year.
On April 24, 1,800 members of the Newspaper
Guild of New York struck the World Journal
Tribune (formed by the merger of the World Tele­
gram and Sun, the Journal American, and the
Herald Tribune). Of the 5,700 workers employed
by the three papers prior to merger, 2,000 wTere
slated for dismissal, and the union was concerned
about the number of jobs that could be saved.
Employees of nine craft unions manifested their
concern by refusing to cross the Guild’s picket
lines. Settlements with the unions were returned
to the negotiating table when the Herald Tribune
announced on August 15 that it would not resume
publication. On September 6, settlement was
reached with the last of the unions, and publica­
tion began September 12.
Though teachers continued to voice their de­
mands for higher wages and greater job security
by staging strikes throughout the country, other
news in public employee strikes in 1966 centered
on nurses, doctors, and hospital personnel. The
new militancy in the medical professions was at­
tributed to the affluence of the economy, shortages
of personnel, and a greater effort to organize these
workers.
A work stoppage by 1,500 members of the Doc­
tors Association in New York City closed 52 of
the city’s health stations and clinics. Nurses at
three San Francisco Bay area hospitals took a day
of sick leave and returned to work when agree­
ments granting substantial wage increases had
been signed. In Chicago, nurses signed agree­
ments granting wage increases of $90 to $120 a
year, and in Boston, 500 nurses at three city hospi­
tals were represented by the Boston Nurses Asso­
ciation when they signed their first wage
agreement.
Nonmedical employees of private and public
hospitals also won increases in wages. For ex­
ample, about 9,000 nonmedical employees of pri­
vate nonprofit hospitals in New York City won a
24-cent package in a 2-year contract signed by the
Drug and Hospital Employees (an affiliate of the
Retail, Wholesale, and D e p a r t m e n t Store
Employees).


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

Trade Union Developments

Attempts to encourage multiunion bargain­
ing—a priority project of the Industrial Union
Department of the AFL-CIO—began to become
effective in 1966. Westinghouse and General Elec­
tric Co’s, confronted bargaining units composed of
representatives of 11 unions. Though only the
IU E was certified to bargain with the companies
nationally, representatives of the other unions
were appointed to the IUE bargaining committee.
A national council was formed by officials of the
Electrical Workers (IBEW ) to formulate major
objectives for future negotiations with the Amer­
ican Telephone and Telegraph Co. and its sub­
sidiaries. The Council will also attempt to get a
common expiration date for all contracts with the
Bell System.
At the other side of the bargaining table, the
five major airlines bargained together for the first
time and packages similar to the one they
negotiated with the Machinists were subsequently
accepted by other airlines.
The bituminous coal industry changed its bar­
gaining pattern somewhat to give union locals a
greater say in the determination of contract terms.
Delegates to the 13th constitutional convention of
the Steelworkers approved a resolution to give
rank and file Steelworkers a greater role in the
bargaining procedure. Steelworkers will continue
their pattern of centralized bargaining in 1967,
however.
The Teamsters’ convention, on the other hand,
approved changes in the constitution which would
strengthen international control in the negotiation
of industry, area, and nationwide contracts. Local
unions that are party to area, conference, in­
dustry, or national bargaining must accept terms
of the ensuing contract even if its members vote
against the contract.
The year saw a large number of contract rejec­
tion votes. Machinists first rejected the airline
settlement. Electrical Workers rejected the
agreement reached by union leaders with Western
Electric. The Communication Workers’ rejection
of the Michigan Bell contract left, that industry
without a trend-setter. Steelworkers, carpenters,
papermakers, and construction workers also
rejected contracts.

1361

A REVIEW OF LABOR RELATIONS IN 1966

The AFL-CIO reported a particularly rapid
expansion in union membership in 1966. During
the first 6 months of the year, growth in member­
ship (347,000) was almost equal to the entire in­
crease in the fiscal year ending June 1965. The
AFL-CIO attributed the growth in membership
to both increases in employment and more success­
ful organizing drives.
Several unions continued attempts to organize
the 500,000 workers in California’s agricultural
industry. Schenley Industries, a major grape
grower, signed an agreement on April 6 which
recognized the independent Farm Workers Asso­
ciation as the sole bargaining agent for 450 vine­
yard workers. Schenley thus became the first
grower in the area to recognize a union of fieldworkers. Two months later, the company signed
a 1-year agreement with the -workers in the Del­
ano, Calif., area; the contract called for a $1.75an-hour minimum pay scale and a 35-cent acrossthe-board wage increase.
Also seeking recognition in the California
vineyards, the Teamsters won elections at two
Di Giorgio Corp. farms—Di Giorgio is the larg­
est employer in the grape vineyards of central
California. The Farm Workers and the AFLCIO filed suit to void the vote, however.
In manufacturing, Harvey Aluminum Co., the
Nation’s fourth largest producer of steel and the
only major unorganized firm in the industry,
signed its first 3-year agreement with the Steel­
workers. The 15-year attempt to win recognition
included strikes, arbitration, interim agreements,
court orders, and jail sentences.
When the international meeting of the ILO in
Geneva elected a representative of Communist
Poland to serve as a conference official, the Ameri­
can union delegation left the conference. Dis­
agreement over the support of the boycott and the
entire international program of the AFL-CIO led
to a confrontation between Walter Reuther, presi­
dent of the Auto Workers, and George Meany.
The argument between the two leaders was tempo­
rarily'settled by a vote of the AFL-CIO executive
council to support the boycott.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

In April, 200 workers at a Ford plant in New
Jersey became the first group to be issued certifi­
cation of eligibility for adjustment assistance
under the Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965.
By June 30, 42 claimants had individually estab­
lished entitlement to allowances and had collected
nearly $35,000 in benefits.
Federal Legislation

The 89th Congress failed to pass three important
labor-backed bills. Early in the session, a fili­
buster killed attempts to repeal section 14(b) of
the Taft-Hartley Act—the right to work clause.
Labor was again disappointed when a bill to
liberalize restrictions on picketing at construction
sites did not receive the support of the House
Committee on Education and Labor. Amend­
ments to the Unemployment Compensation Act
that would have set F ederal standards of compen­
sation and raised levels in 18 States died in a
Senate-House conference.
The major labor bill of the 89th Congress took
the form of amendments to the F air Labor Stand­
ards Act. Signed on September 24, the bill in­
creased the Federal minimum wage and extended
its coverage to more than 8 million workers. The
minimum wage for the 29.5 million workers al­
ready covered by the act will increase (from $1.25)
to $1.40 on February 1, 1967, and to $1.60 on Feb­
ruary 1, 1968. Newly covered workers will be
subject to a $1 minimum wage effective February 1,
1967, and to 15-cent-an-hour increases in February
of each of the next 4 years—a minimum of $1.60
by 1971.
Retail trade and service employees accounted for
1.5 million of the newly covered workers,
employees of public and private hospitals and
related institutions for another 1.4 million. Farm
workers employed at farms with seven full-time
employees or more are also covered.
On July 19, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed
a bill that provided wage and benefit increases of
3.2 percent to Federal classified and postal em­
ployees. Members of the Armed Forces had re­
ceived a similar increase on July 13.

The Low-Cost Housing Market ”
The Present Decline in Housing Activity
Could be Relieved by an Expanded
Program of Low-Cost Housing Construction
D orothy K. N ew m an *

T h e r e c e n t t i g h t e n i n g of mortgage credit, ac­
companied by extremely high interest rates, has
been the most obvious factor in the precipitate de­
cline in homebuilding activity during 1966. How­
ever, the trend over recent years indicates that
there are other influences contributing to the
current drop.
Housing starts began to turn down early in 1964,
long before this year’s sharp increase in money
costs. The 1966 housing slump may well reflect,
in large measure, postponement of much high- and
middle-income homebuilding, awaiting more fa­
vorable credit terms. However, the steady down­
trend of 1964 and 1965 cannot be attributed only to
soaring interest rates and elusive mortgage money,
since these conditions did not exist (chart 1).
Another explanation is that the homebuilding
industry has not been producing in the main for
moderate-income families—notably but not exclu­
sively Negroes in cities—among whom effective
demand is great; in addition, little housing has
been built for low-income families among whom
the need is acute. In short, the residential build­
ing industry could have been constructing much
more housing if it had been building for groups
who need it most.
While part of the gap between production and
demand may be attributed to lack of enterprise or
to social and ethnic resistances, it is generally
agreed by construction economists that special

1362


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

incentives and new sources of funding are neces­
sary if the industry is to succeed in properly hous­
ing our population in the reasonably near future.
Available indicators show no slack in the mar­
ket, given the housing inventory available and the
kinds and location of new homes that are being
built. Vacancy rates have scarcely changed since
1962, either for owner-occupied or rental units.
(See chart 2.) Vacancy rates continue to be high­
est in the West, where migration (and therefore
turnover) is greatest.
Most of the new houses on the market each
month are being sold, and the unsold inventory has
been declining. The median figure for months
elapsing from start to sale of new one-family
houses (and from start to the end of the month of
reference for the unsold inventory of new houses)
shows almost no change over the past year.1 As
the following tabulation indicates, the median
number of months from start to sale for the homes
actually sold continues to be close to 4 months—
about as long as it takes to complete the medianpriced one-family house (3.5 months).2
*Of th e D iv isio n of E con om ic S tu d ies, B ureau of Labor S ta tis tic s.
See e sp ec ia lly ta b les 3 and 4 in S a les o f N e w O n e-F am ily
H o m e s , C ensu s release 2 5 - 6 6 - 6 , Ju n e 1966, and C ensus release
(C B 6 6 -1 1 5 ) S a le s of N e w O n e-F am ily H o m es, J u ly 1966, issu ed
Sept. 21, 1966.
F rom a sp e cia l stu d y o f th e B ureau of Labor S ta tis tic s, a s of
1962. See L a b o r a n d M a te r ia l R eq u ire m e n ts fo r P r iv a te Onefa m ily H ou se C o n stru c tio n (B L S B u lle tin 1404, J u n e 1 9 6 4 ).
T h ese averages ch an ge very lit t le from y ea r to year.

1

2

1363

THE LOW-COST HOUSING MARKET
Median number of months
from start to sale of
one-family houses 1

1963:
1964:

1965:

1966:

Fourth quarter___________
First quarter_____________
Second quarter___________
Third quarter____________
Fourth quarter___________
First quarter____________
Second quarter___________
Third quarter.___________
Fourth quarter___________
First quarter____________
Second quarter___________

3.4
3. 8
3. 5
3. 8
3. 6
4 .4
3. 8
3. 4
3. 6
3.8
3. 7

1 From Bureau of the Census.
The median price of new one-family houses has
risen from $18,900 in 1964, to over $21,000 in 1966.
Part of the increase is accounted for by rising
costs for land, especially in metropolitan areas.
Though most new housing is still built in metro­
politan areas, the homebuilding decline over the
past year has been greater in these than in the non­
metropolitan areas.
Outside of metropolitan areas, mobile homes 3
manufactured and used for permanent housing
provide an increasing volume of new dwelling
space. New mobile homes numbered about 215,000
in 1965, compared with 150,000 in 1963. Of the
215,000 about 80 percent are estimated to be nonseasonal, full-year housing (attached to a site) for
families with no other home. This represents
about 10 percent of all new private and public
housing built or shipped in 1965, and perhaps
about 1 in 4 units supplied outside of metropolitan
centers.
Thousands of units
Total new conventionally built
housing units
started

1961
--------------1962
--------------1963
--------------1964
--------------1965
--------------1966 1-------------------

1,365
1,492
1, 641
1,591
1, 543
1,375

Mobile homes
shipped

90
118
151
191
216
234

1 Annual seasonally adjusted rate, first 8 months.
The reason for this increasing use of mobile
homes is clear when the price is compared with
3

A m obile hom e is defined a s a m ovable or portab le d w e llin g
co n stru cted to be tow ed on its ow n c h a ssis, connected to u tilitie s ,
and designed w ith o u t a perm an en t fo u n d a tio n fo r year-round liv ­
ing. M obile hom es in clu d e cooking, bathing, and to ile t fa c ilitie s
as w e ll as one or tw o bedroom s. M obile hom es are to be d is ­
tin g u ish ed from tr a ile r s w h ich are v eh icu lar, portable stru ctu res
b u ilt on a c h a ssis and designed to be used as a tem p orary d w e ll­
in g fo r travel, r ecrea tio n a l and v a ca tio n purposes.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

that of other housing. Mobile homes are priced
well under $6,000 exclusive of the cost of trans­
portation, land, and the site work needed to exca­
vate and affix the unit to the lot. Except for
mobile homes, few houses sold in 1965 and in 1966
were priced at less than $12,500.
Almost all builder-erected houses of under
$12,500 were financed with FHA- or VA-assisted
loans. Government-assisted building, however, is
a declining part of all new housing. In June
1966, FHA- and VA-assisted housing, including
apartments, was only 15 percent of all private non­
farm housing starts. Government-assisted hous­
ing made up about 17 percent of the private nonfarm total in the 1963-65 period, about one-fourth
in 1961-62. The current median sales price of
these houses ($17,000-$18,000) is probably just
within the reach of the family with today’s median
family income of a little over $6,500. Conven­
tionally financed houses and those bought for cash
are priced much higher; in 1965, 3 out of 5 cost
$20,000 or more.
Whatever the method of financing, both sale and
rental prices of the new housing of the types being
built are increasing. The demand for such
units is uncertain, however. Middle- and upperincome families are now well housed; while they
may want to upgrade or change their housing, they
can postpone these changes.

Chart 1.

Housing Starts Dropped Long Before
Interest Rates Rose

1364

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

On the other hand, the housing needs of new
young families are immediate. Newly married
couples usually have small incomes and prefer to
begin family life in apartments at moderate
rentals,4 or in small houses. The marriage rate
has been rising since 1963, and is expected to con­
tinue at a high level as the children of the post­
war baby boom reach their twenties.
Unmet housing demand or need is greatest
among these and other moderate-income families
having less than the median income, and among
the poor. These are the families who benefited
least from the huge increase in standard housing
during the 1950-60 decade.5

Census, 1 in every 6 units—8.5 million—were sub­
standard. If the deteriorating units which had
plumbing facilities were added, over 12.5 million
units needed repair, renovation, or replacement.
Most of the high level of building between 1950
and 1960 was for middle-class and well-to-do fami­
lies as indicated in the following tabulation:
Percent distribution of—
Income group of household

A ll households,
I960

Under $3,000
$3,000-$4,999____________
$5,000-$6,999___________
$7,000 and over

28.0
20.2
21. 0
30.8

Standard housing
aided, 1950-60 >

13. 0
5 .0
26.5
55.5

1 B a s e d o n a n a ly s is o f 1950 a n d 1960 C e n su s o f H o u s in g d a ta .

Dimensions of Need

Lower income groups occupy almost all of the
substandard housing (over half of the nonwhite

The vast unmet need for adequate housing per­
sists in this country despite high levels of housing
activity in the 1950’s. According to the 1960

4 M edian r en ta l o f a ll F H A -in su red ap artm en t u n its under regu­
lar program s (S ec. 2 0 7 ) w as $187.57 in 1965.
5 S tan d ard h o u sin g as defined by th e C ensus had s lig h t or no
d efects, h ot and cold ru n n in g w ater, and ex clu siv e use o f a flush
to ile t and b ath tu b (or sh ow er) w ith in th e u n it.

Chart 2. Vacancy Rates Have Scarcely Changed in Five Years
Percent of
total inventory


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1365

THE LOW-COST HOUSING MARKET
T a b l e 1.
D i r e c t A id f o r L o w - a n d M o d e r a t e - in c o m e
H o u seh o ld s
P r o v id e d
by
P r esen t
L e g is l a t io n
P robably
L eaves
M o st
Such
H o u seh o ld s
in
S u b s t a n d a r d H o u s i n g i n 1969 1
[Households and housing units in thousands]

Household
income

Households in
substandard
units, 1960
(urban and
rural)

Under $3,000_____
$3,000-$4,999_____
$5,000-$6,999_____
$7,000 and over___

5,301
1,819
860
493

Directly aided house­
holds under present
housing legislation,
1966-69
T otal

New

Rehabil­
itated

2240
4760

240
500

03260

Households
still in
substandard
units in 1969

5,261
1,059

1 Under present legislation and assuming no substantial expansion in the
intervening years.
2 Public housing. Some higher income families qualify for public housing,
depending on location and family size.
3 Some rehabilitation may be done on units leased or purchased by local
public housing authorities.
4 Some rent supplements, urban renewal rehabilitation grants, and belowmarket-interest loans may be provided families of somewhat higher income.
5 This is a maximum figure.

families in these groups live in such housing).
(See chart 3.)
The demand of the part of the population al­
ready well-housed and new households being
formed are not providing the incentives to resi­
dential building that is needed for economic
growth and prosperity or to produce and main­
tain an adequate housing supply for all Ameri­
cans. In the middle and latter 1950’s the dollar
volume of new residential building and housing
maintenance costs was between 6 and I percent of
the gross national product; this ratio has recently
declined to less than 5 percent. At this rate it
would take an additional $10 billion or more in
each year of the late 1960’s to raise residential
building to the percent GNP of the late 1950’s.
However, despite the need, even the most optimis­
tic projections to 1970 see little or no change.
Federally assisted programs to insure and guar­
antee loans, or to provide direct loans to veterans
and to the elderly, as well as programs to assist in
the formation of cooperatives have helped about 8
million middle-income families in the past few dec­
ades. Housing programs for the poor have helped
only about a million families and therefore have
scarcely made a dent in the need in this area—about
5 million housing units need rehabilitation or
demolition.6
6 See table 1.
7Places of 2,500 population or more. For more detailed
definition of urban, see definitions and explanations in the intro­
duction of any 1960 Census volume.


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New programs have been introduced: In 1961,
below-market-interest loans were provided to non­
profit or limited dividend sponsors for rental units
to be built for low- to moderate-income families;
recent legislation permits rent subsidies for lowincome families, the lease and purchase of existing
housing by public housing authorities, and grants
up to $1,500 for home rehabilitation in urban re­
newal areas. But these and related programs are
at levels of expenditure so low that it would take
the next generation to wipe out the backlog of need
in urban areas alone.7 They also cannot keep up
with obsolescence and other conditions that remove
structures from the housing supply.
Rural areas account for a majority of the sub­
standard housing in the United States. In 1960,
1.1 million rural homes were dilapidated, and an
even larger number lacked facilities and were de­
teriorating. The provisions of Federal legislation
to assist low- to moderate-income rural households
Chart 3. While the Number and Proportion of Poor
Households and Households Occupying Substand­
ard Housing Decreased From 1950-60, the Poor
Continued to Occupy Over 6 in 10 of all Sub­
standard Units

1366
(both farm and nonfarm) to buy or rehabilitate
their housing have been more generous and on the
books longer than the programs provided to urban
families. Rural self-help or elderly poor may re­
ceive 4-percent loans up to 33 years, and legislation
authorizes repair and improvement grants up to
$1,000. However, the funds appropriated in the
past 15 years (1950-65) for these programs have
permitted only loans 8 to a total of about 150,000
units and an expenditure of less than $70 million
per year. At the current level of public aid, the
rural housing need could not be met in this cen­
tury. (Table 1 and chart 4 compare urban
and rural need with authorized publicly aided
programs.)

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

Chart 5. The Seasonal Swing in Construction Amounts
to 750,000 Jobs (Contract Construction)

Millions of Employees

Employment Implications

These unfilled requirements reveal the neces­
sity for public and private cooperation in building
or rehabilitating housing for those who need it
most. Such cooperation could speed the renewal
of cities, rationalize metropolitan-area develop­
ment, remove squalor from the countryside, and,
in the process, revitalize the homebuilding indus­
try. All this could create more than a million
Chart 4. A t the Current Rate Even the Backlog of
Housing Need Could Not Be Eliminated in This
Generation


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jobs and could eventually help almost all families
to buy, rent, remodel, or rehabilitate their housing
in the regular unsubsidized market.
To measure the adequacy of the labor supply,
the BLS designed and evaluated a hypothetical
housing program. (See table 2.) The program
was set at two levels of expansion. One, called
“high-goal program,” would increase low-cost con­
ventional homebuilding9 by 2.2 million units, or
550,000 units a year. The other, a “low-goal pro­
gram,” foresees about 900,000 new low-cost conven­
tional units in the 4-year period.10 In both in­
stances, the number of low-cost conventionally
built new dwellings is several times the number
now being supplied.
A major emphasis is also placed on the rehabili­
tation of housing. A great deal of the sub­
standard housing could meet standards at rela­
tively small cost per unit and the program provides
for assistance in the repair and rehabilitation of
4.5 million deteriorating, or otherwise substandard
dwelling units.
8
0

E x ce p t th a t g r a n ts w ere fu n d ed and provided in a fe w years
in th e early 1 9 0 0 ’s.
N ew co n v en tio n a l h o u sin g is a t th e h eart of an y schem e to
im prove h o u sin g con d ition s, because m uch of th e h o u sin g now
occu pied by low - to m od erate-in com e fa m ilie s is n o t w orth repair
or reh a b ilita tio n and m u st be replaced.
E stim a te s w ere developed from d ata on sub stan d ard hou sin g
u n its occu pied by fa m ilie s of under $5,000 incom e in I9 6 0 , a c ­
cord ing to th e I9 6 0 C ensus o f H ou sin g. T hese e stim a te s take
a ccou n t of (1 ) th e u n d e sir a b ility o f r eh a b ilita tin g m any d ila p i­
d ated d w e llin g s and (2 ) th e d e sira b ility o f rep airin g d eterio ra tin g
d w e llin g s o th er w ise considered stan d ard by th e C ensus.

10

THE LOW-COST HOUSING MARKET

1367

The hypothetical plan also assumes a combi­
nation of grants and low-interest long-term loans
to middle-age and elderly heads of rural house­
holds for the purchase of 300,000 mobile homes
for permanent attachment to their own land.
11

D olla r v a lu es are based on e stim a te s a s fo llo w s :
R e h a b ilita tio n :
C entral c itie s— $ 6 ,0 0 0 a v era g e (a cco u n ts fo r th e w ide range
from $ 1 ,0 0 0 fo r som e sin g le u n its to $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 per u n it in
la rg e m u ltifa m ily stru ctu res in slum a r e a s ).
O utside cen tra l c itie s — $ 2 ,6 6 0 a v era g e (accom m od ates w ide
range from a p la ste r in g or p a in tin g job to one req u irin g
basic str u c tu r a l r ep a ir s).
N ew c o n stru ctio n :
Urban— $ 1 6 ,0 0 0 av era g e (covers v a r ia tio n s in c o st in th e
ran ge of lo c a tio n s betw een sm a ll a nd la rg e c itie s and
am ong r eg io n s).
R ural— $ 1 1 ,0 0 0 a v era g e (th e a c tu a l av era g e o f th e c o st o f
hom es fin anced w ith lo w -co st rural h o u sin g lo a n s in 1 0 6 4 ).
M obile hom es— $ 5 ,2 0 0 a verage (based on in fo rm a tio n from
th e U .S . D ep a rtm en t of C om m erce).
T h ese e stim a te s assum e 2 ,0 0 0 m an-hours per year in ind ustry
but 1,800 m an-hours a year fo r o n -site co n stru ctio n , w h ich nor­
m ally in v o lv es som e lo ss of tim e betw een o p era tio n s a t th e con­
s tr u c tio n site.
B ecau se th is program w ould be added to high co n stru ctio n a c ­
tiv ity , in v o lv in g new recru its and som e sp o t sh o rta g es, a rela ­
tiv e ly sm all a n n u a l p r o d u ctiv ity fa c to r o f 0.5 percen t w as used
fo r on -site co n stru ctio n . T he 2.9 p ercen t a n n u a l p ro d u ctiv ity
fa c to r app lied fo r o th er in d u str y is based on d ata fo r th e p riv a te
non farm econom y over th e period 1 9 5 6 -6 5 .
T hese labor p o te n tia l e stim a te s w ould be high er if th ey took
in to a ccou n t sp ecial efforts to in crea se tr a in in g program s and
recru it inexperienced w orkers ; or w ere in term s o f p erson s to
be em ployed in stea d o f m an-years o f em ploym en t (fu ll-tim e
job s) ; or inclu ded th e v a lu e of th e m u ltip lier effect of th e direct
exp en d itu res fo r th e h o u sin g and m obile hom es operations.

12

T a b l e 2.

V olum e

and

Without counting the multiplier effect, the total
contribution of the high estimate program to the
income stream would range from $10.3 billion in
the first year to $12.6 billion in the third and
fourth years.11 Under the low-goal estimate, the
contribution would amount to about $5 billion a
year or more.
Almost 1.3 million homes could be added to the
standard housing supply in just the first year of
the large-scale program; in the process, a total of
about 1,275,000 jobs of all kinds would be needed.12
Over 630,000 of the jobs would be on-site construc­
tion work—an amount about equivalent to the
average winter unemployment in the industry.
By the fourth year, 760,000 on-site construction
jobs could be created by the housing construction;
over 50,000 more would be needed to supply the
mobile home industry, and another 700,000 jobs
would flow to related nonconstruction industries.
Most of the jobs in the mobile home plants and
their supplying industries would not require a
high school diploma. Because of the concentra­
tion of plants in rural areas most of the jobs would
bo available where traditional job opportunities
are declining.
Over 200,000 on-site construction workers below
the craftsman level would be needed in the first
year of the high-benefit hypothetical program,

V a l u e o f a H ypothetical 4 -Y ear H o u sin g P rogram to E lim ina t e S u b st a n d a r d
H o u sin g among L ow - to M o d er ate - I ncome F a m il ie s
M illio n s o f h o u s in g u n it s to b e a id ed

D o lla r v a lu e (1965 d o lla r s) (in b illio n s )

T y p e o f w o r k a n d in d u s t r y
T o ta l n eed

G r a n d t o t a l____
B y T ype of Work
R e h a b ilit a t io n ______
C e n tr a l c i t i e s ________
O u ts id e c e n tr a l citie s
L o w -in c o m e n e w h o u s in g
U r b a n — c o n v e n tio n a l b u ild in g
R u r a l ... ______
C o n v e n tio n a l b u ild in g ______
M o b ile h o m e s _____. . .
B y I n d u str y
C o n s tr u c tio n ____ . . .
R e h a b i lit a t i o n .. ___
N e w c o n s t r u c t io n ... ___
M a n u fa c tu r in g . . .

12 .6

4 .0
3 .5
5 .1
2 .0
2 .5
.6
1 2 .0
7 .5
4 .5
.6

1 A v e r a g e d ollar v a lu e for r e h a b ilita tio n w a s re d u c e d from $6,000 to $4,000
m c e n tr a l c itie s a n d from $2,660 to $1,800 o u ts id e c e n tr a l c itie s b e c a u s e w it h
greater v o lu m e , m o r e u n it s r e q u ir in g sm a lle r a m o u n ts o f w o r k are a s su m e d
e lig ib le for r e h a b ilita tio n aid .
2 T h e p rogram in t h e c e n tr a l c itie s u n d e r t h is g o a l w o u ld c o n s is t
la r g e ly o f lo a n s to th o s e o w n in g d e te r io r a tin g p r o p e r ty h a v in g a ll fa c ilitie s.

2 3 8 -2 6 4


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F e a s ib le h ig h g o a l 4 -year
p ro g ra m o f a id

L o w -g o a l
4 -year
p ro g ra m o f a id

7 n

4. O

8 2 .0

4 7 .0

3 0 .9

4. 0

2 3. 5
2. 5
1. 0
i n
1.
u
.7
.3
.2
.1

21 .4
16.0
5 .4
6 0 .6
3 0 .0
3 0 .6
27 .5
3 .1

1 7 .0
9. 0
8 .0
3 0 .0
1 5 .2
14 .8
1 3 .2
1 .6

2 1 7 .7
15 .0
2 .7
13. 2
10. 5
2 .7
2 .2
.5

4. O
3. 5
. yQ
.i

8 2 .0
2 1 .4
5 7 .5
3 .1

4 5 .4
17. 0
2 8 .4
1 .6

3 0 .9
1 7 .7
12. 7
.5

3 .0
2 5
1 .0
1. 0
1 .2
q

fi 7
A

fi

2 2
.3

T o ta l n e e d i

F e a s ib le h ig h g o a l 4 -year
p ro g ra m o f a id

L o w -g o a l
4-y ea r
p ro g ra m o f a id

w h ic h is n o t y e t te c h n ic a lly s u b s ta n d a r d a c c o rd in g to t h e C e n s u s d e fin itio n s
( b u t w ill b e c o m e so in t h e n ea r fu tu r e ), a n d is o c c u p ie d b y r e la t iv e ly few
p o o r fa m ilies. H o w e v e r , it is fo u n d c h ie fly in S M S A ’s, a n d a lib e r a liz e d
lo a n p ro g ra m c o u ld b e u se d for it s fin a n c in g .

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1368
rising somewhat to 245,000 in the fourth year.
About 400,000 construction craftsmen would be
needed in the first year and over 450,000 by the
third year.
For the low-goal program, on-site job creation
would be about one-third as large. It could not
absorb winter unemployment unless it were con­
centrated in that period, but fewer new jobs would
permit more gradual development of apprentice­
ship and training programs than larger scale
additions.
Though total construction activity has been ex­
panding, construction employment has risen only
a little since the mid-fifties and average unemploy­
ment in construction has not fallen much below
9 percent compared with the close to frictional
level of a little over 5 percent during the Korean
conflict. (The relatively high ratio of 5 percent


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is called nearly frictional, considering the mobility
of construction operations and time lost between
jobs.)
History of the construction industry exhibits
substantial flexibility. In the recent past, the in­
dustry was able to add as many as 500,000 new
dwelling units in a single year—1949-50 ; a drop
of 300,000 units occurred in 1955-56. The sea­
sonal swing in construction employment currently
amounts to Avell over 750,000 jobs in a year. (See
chart 5.)
No attempt is made here to measure the social
benefits to be derived from improved living con­
ditions in both rural and urban areas, or the
economic benefits from revitalizing a strategic in­
dustry and fully using its work force. These
factors would have to be taken into account in a
realistic analysis of the cost.

Federal employees live in all kinds of homes—from elaborate single houses
to trailers, and even chicken houses and house boats. In May 1941, more
than one-fourth of them lived in homes which they or some member of their
family owned. Home ownership was much more general, of course, among
those who came into the Federal service before the defense activities began
to expand. . . . The proportion of homeowners among the Negro families
was almost as great as among white families, and for the corresponding
income groups the relative frequency of home ownership was considerably
greater for colored than for whites. . . .
—“Housing of Federal Employees in the Washington, D.C., Area in May 1941,”
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , November 1941.

Special Labor Force Report

Work Experience of the
Population in 1965
F orrest A. B ogan and
T homas E. S wanstrom *

worked during
1965—a million more than the previous peak
reached in 1964. Among the significant employ­
ment developments in 1965 was the shift of many
adult men from part-year and part-time to full­
time year-round work. The number of teenagers
with jobs increased by a million, as both the popu­
lation and the proportion who worked at some
time during the year increased. Full-time, yearround employment expanded by 1.6 million to a
total of 48.4 million in 1965 (table 1). Negro men
accounted for 20 percent of the increase in full­
time, year-round employment among men, even
though they made up only 10 percent of all men
who worked.1 Even with this improvement, only
58 percent of the Negro men worked full time the
year round compared with 68 percent of the white
men.
Despite the strong demand for labor in 1965,
there were many who did not work the full year
because they were unable to find a job.2 This arti­
cle will focus on this underutilization of potential
manpower.
Approximately 12.3 million persons were unem­
ployed at some time during 1965 (table 2), the
lowest level since 1959. The over-the-year decline
in unemployment (1.7 million) occurred almost
entirely among men and women in the prime working years, with especially sharp reductions among
men age 20 to 24 and women age 35 to 44. The
number of teenagers unemployed at some time
during the year did not change, but—with a mil­
lion more teenagers in the labor force—this was
still an improvement.
E ighty -six million A mericans


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The decline in unemployment was mainly
among full-time workers. Unemployment fell by
1.3 million among those who usually worked full
time and by 200,000 among part-time workers.
The number of persons who looked for work for
1 week or more but did not find a job fell by
300,000 to 1.4 million. By occupation, unemploy­
ment among blue-collar workers declined the most,
with unemployment among craftsman and oper­
atives showing the steepest declines among whites,
while unemployment among laborers dropped the
most for Negroes.
During 1965, when the average monthly unem­
ployment rate was 4.6 percent, 14 percent of all
persons who were in the labor force at some time
during the year were unemployed at least 1 week—
an improvement over the record of recent years.
Negro workers were almost twice as likely as
whites to be unemployed at least once during the
year. In fact, Negro men in the prime working
ages of 25 to 44 years—most of them family bread­
winners—were as likely as white teenage boys to
have some unemployment.
The Hard-Core Unemployed

The number of persons with a total of 15 weeks
or more of unemployment during the year has
dropped from 5.8 million in 1961 to 3.5 million in
1965. This 40-percent decrease was twice as large
*Of th e D iv isio n of P op u la tio n and Labor F o rce S tudies, B u ­
reau of L abor S ta tis tic s.
D a ta for n o n w h ite s w ill be used to rep resen t N egroes, who
c o n stitu te abou t 92 percen t o f a ll n o n w h ites in th e U n ited S tates.
D a ta p ertain to th e w ork experien ce of person s 14 years and
over in th e c iv ilia n n o n in stitu tio n a l p op u lation in February 1966.
T he an n u al survey fo r 1965 w as tak en in February 196:6 as a
supplem en t to th e regu lar m on th ly su rvey of th e labor force
condu cted fo r th e B ureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s by th e B ureau o f th e
C ensus th rou gh its C urrent P op u la tio n Su rvey. E a rlier su rveys
of w ork experien ce of th e p op u lation h a v e been an alyzed in th e
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , D ecem ber 1960, pp. 1 2 7 2 -1 2 8 3 , D ecem ­
ber 1961, pp. 1324-13-37, D ecem ber 1962, pp. 1 3 4 7 -1 3 5 8 , Jan u ary
1964, pp. 1 8 -2 7 , J an u ary 1965, pp. 8 -1 6 , F ebruary 1966, PP- 15|5163, and rep rinted w ith a d d itio n a l tab u lar m aterial in S p ecial
Labor F orce R eports N os. 11, 19, 25, 38, 48, and 62. R ep rin ts of
a ll a r tic le s in th e series are availab le upon req uest to th e B ureau
or to an y of its region al offices.

1
2

1369

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1370

to the numerous job training programs initiated by
industry and government during this period to
aid the chronically unemployed.
Of the long-term unemployed in 1965, about 56
percent of the men and 52 percent of the women
were married. Negroes, who made up only 11 per­
cent of all persons who had worked at some time
in 1965, accounted for 23 percent of those unem­
ployed 15 weeks or more, and about the same pro­
portion of persons who had three spells or more of
unemployment during the year.

as that for the total who had some unemployment.
Between 1964 and 1965 alone, the number of long­
term unemployed fell by 1.2 million, as the rapidly
tightening labor supply enabled many of the hard­
core unemployed to share the benefits of pros­
perity. During the early stages of an economic
expansion when unemployment rates are still
high, employers can skim the cream off the unem­
ployed—they hire the best qualified, most skilled,
most highly educated persons for the available
jobs. In the later stages of a business expansion,
those who remain in the job pool are generally
less qualified and are likely to have been unem­
ployed for long periods.
Among the long-term unemployed, the number
of men fell by 675,000 and the number of women
by more than 500,000 over the year. The steepest
drop was among persons 35 to 44 years old.
The sharp reduction in hard-core unemployment
is even more evident when considered as a propor­
tion of all persons who were in the labor force at
some time during the year. Among all persons
working or looking for work during the year, the
proportion unemployed 15 weeks or longer fell to 4
percent in 1965 from 7.1 percent in 1961. This
is due not only to the economic advance, but also
T able

1.

W ork E x p e r ie n c e of P e r s o n s

14 Y e a r s

Older Workers

An older worker generally stands less chance of
becoming unemployed than a younger man. Once
he loses his job, however, he will probably remain
unemployed much longer. Of all men unem­
ployed 15 weeks or more in 1965, 750,000 (33 per­
cent) were between 45 and 65 years of age; this was
a disproportionately high number, since only 25
percent of all men with unemployment were in
this age group.
Older persons without jobs often find their age
to be a severe handicap in their search for work.
In spite of shortages of some types of skilled

of

A ge an d O v e r , b y E x t e n t of E m plo ym ent and b y S e x

1962-65
Female

Male

Both sexes
Work experience
1965

1964

1963

1962

1965

1964

1963

1962

1965

1964

1963

1962

Number (thousands)
Total who worked during the year K ~

86,186

85,124

83,227

82,057

52,419

51,978

51,039

50,639

33,767

33,146

32,188

31,418

43,987
32,513
7,185
4,289

23,145
13,092
4,865
5,188

22,512
12,418
4,968
5,126

21,873
11,862
4,879
5,132

21,340
11,566
4,917
4,857

6,652
2,114
1,305
3,233

10,622
3,092
2,071
5,459

10,634
3,104
2,154
5,376

10,315
3,131
2,079
5,105

10,078
3| 016
2,063
4,999

Full time 2_-.......................- ..................
50 to 52 weeks..................................
27 to 49 weeks______ ____ _____
1 to 26 weeks___________ ______

68,697
48| 392
llj 171
9i 134

67,825
46', 846
n ; 691
9; 288

66,167
45; 449
11,565
9; 153

65,327
44,079
12,102
9,146

45,552
35,300
6,306
3,946

45,313
34,428
6,723
4,162

44,294
33,587
6,686
4,021

Part tim e----------------- -----------------50 to 52 weeks.................................
27 to 49 w eek s............................
1 to 26 weeks...................................

17,489
5,418
3,268
8| 803

17,299
5,268
3| 374
8; 657

17,060
5,229
3,353
8| 478

16,730
5,130
3,368
8,232

6,867
2,326
1,197
3,344

6,665
2,164
1,220
3,281

6,745
2,098
1,274
3,373

Percent distribution
Total who worked during the year i ...

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

86.9
64.2
14.2
8.5

68.5
38.8
14.4
15.4

67.9
37.5
15.0
15.5

68.0
36.9
15.2
15.9

67.9
36.8
15.6
15.5

13.1
4.2
2.6
6.4

31.5
9.2
6.1
16.2

32.1
9.4
6.5
16.2

32.0
9.7
6. 5
15.9

32.1
9.6
6.6
15.9

Full time 2---------------------------------50 to 52 weeks......... ................... .
27 to 49 weeks----------- ------------1 to 26 w eeks.---------- ---------------

79.7
56.1
13.0
10.6

79.7
55.0
13.7
10.9

79.5
54.6
13.9
11.0

79.6
53.7
14.7
11.1

86.9
67.3
12.0
7.5

87.2
66.2
12.9
8.0

86.8
65.8
13.1
7.9

Part tim e......... .....................................
50 to 52 weeks.................................
27 to 49 w eeks...............................
1 to 26 weeks...................................

20.3
6.3
3.8
10.2

20.3
6.2
4.0
10.2

20.5
6.3
4.0
10.2

20.4
6.3
4.1
10.0

13.1
4.4
2.3
6.4

12.8
4.2
2.3
6.3

13.2
4.1
2.5
6.6

1Time worked includes paid vacations and paid sick leave.
1Usually worked 35 hours or more per week.


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N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

1371

WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE POPULATION IN 1965
T a b l e 2.

E xtent

of

U nem plo ym ent

of

P e r so n s 14 Y e a r s

of

A ge

and

Ov e r ,

by

S e x , 1 963-65
Female

Male

Both sexes
Extent of unemployment
1965

1964

1963

1965

1964

1963

1965

1964

1963

Number (thousands)
Total working or looking for work----- -- - _ -------------- -----Percent with unemployment___ . . . ---------------

87, 591
14.1

86,837
16.2

85,038
16.7

52,958
14.0

52,645
16.3

51,817
17.2

34,633
14.2

34,192
16.1

33,221
15.9

Total with unemployment_______ -

-------------

12,334

14,052

14,211

7,428

8,563

8,923

4,906

5,489

5,288

---D id not work but looked for work- ___
- -----W ith work experience------- -- -----------------------------Year-round workers 1 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemploy- _ . . -------------------------------------m ent_______
Part-year workers 2 with unemployment of—________
1 to 4 weeks_________ ____ _____________ ______
5 to 10 weeks__________
— - ------- - 11 to 14 weeks--------------- ---------------------------------15 to 26 weeks_______________
____ — --------27 weeks or more______________________________

1,405
10,929

1,713
12,339

1,811
12,400

539
6,889

667
7,896

778
8,145

866
4,040

1,046
4,443

1,033
4,255

1,207
9,722
3,151
2,208
1,286
1,995
1,082

1,121
11,218
3,060
2, 550
1,514
2,444
1,650

1,239
11,161
2,708
2,407
1,595
2,611
1,840

886
6,003
1,694
1,391
872
1,347
699

815
7,081
1,675
1,706
1,038
1,605
1,057

934
7,211
1,521
1,609
1,122
1,802
1,157

321
3,719
1,457
817
414
648
383

306
4,137
1,385
844
476
839
593

305
3,950
1,187
798
473
809
683

Total with 2 spells or more of unem ployment_____ 2 spells_______________________________________
3 spells or more_ .
______________________

3,942
1,765
2,177

4,755
2,342
2,413

4,635
2,246
2,389

2,769
1,147
1,622

3,314
1,576
1,738

3,269
1,526
1,743

1,173
618
555

1,441
766
675

1,366
720
646

- ----------

Percent distribution
Unemployed persons with work experience, total____________

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

11.5
88.5
18.7
19.8
13.8
22.1
14.2

7.9
92.1
36.1
20.2
10.2
16.0
9.5

6.9
93.1
31.2
19.0
10.7
18.9
13.3

7.2
92.8
27.9
18.8
11.1
19.0
16.1

40.1
18.7
21.4

29.0
15.3
13.7

32.4
17.2
15.2

32.1
16.9
15.2

Year-round workers 1 with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment____
Part-year workers 2 with unemployment of—_______________
1 to 4 weeks________________ ______ ____ _ ------------5 to 10 weeks------- -------------------- -------------- ---------------11 to 14 weeks___ ___ . . . . . . . . .
_ -----------------------15 to 26 weeks-------------- -----------------------------. ..
27 weeks or more_____
- . . . _____________

11.0
89.0
28.8
20.2
11.8
18.3
9.9

9.1
90.9
24.8
20.7
12.3
19.8
13.4

10.0
90.0
21.8
19.4
12.9
21.1
14.8

12.9
87.1
24.6
20.2
12.7
19.6
10.1

10.3
89.7
21.2
21.6
13.1
20.3
13.4

Total with 2 spells or more of unem ployment_______________
2 spells________ _______ _____ ____________ _____ ___
3 spells or more------ ----------------------- ------ ---------------------

36.1
16.1
19.9

38.5
19.0
19.6

37.4
18.1
19.3

40.2
16.6
23.5

42.0
20.0
22.0

>Worked 50 weeks or more.
2 Worked less than 50 weeks.

workers, many employers frequently set up arbi­
trary age barriers which effectively block older
workers, regardless of skill levels, from obtaining
jobs. The costs of some fringe benefits, such as
pensions, are thought to be greater for the older
person; employers attempt to minimize these ex­
pected future costs by seeking out younger workers
with more working years ahead of them.
Too, the older worker is more likely to be unem­
ployed a number of times during a year. Among
all men with unemployment, about 30 percent of
those age 45 to 64 had three spells or more of un­
employment, compared with 20 percent of those
age 20 to 44.
Occupation

Workers in the least skilled occupations are the
most subject to prolonged unemployment.
Thirty-five percent of the least skilled workers—
nonfarm laborers, farm laborers, service workers,
and private household workers—who were unem­
ployed during the year looked for work for 15


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.

weeks or more, a ratio 10 percentage points higher
than that for all unemployed workers. Thus, the
workers who were most subject to unemployment
were also more likely to be unemployed longer.
As some of the more highly qualified employed
persons in these less skilled occupations are
retrained for more skilled work, jobs may open up
for the less qualified.
On the other hand, of the white-collar workers
unemployed at some time during the year, only
22 percent were jobless for a total of 15 weeks or
more. These workers normally have more sta­
bility of employment than blue-collar or service
workers as companies often try to hold on to their
technical and office staff at the time of a cutback.
The proportion of unemployed skilled and semi­
skilled blue-collar workers who were out of work
15 weeks or more was somewhat higher (about
27 percent), but considerably less than for un­
skilled workers.
Among white workers with some unemploy­
ment, greater proportions of blue-collar and
service workers than white-collar workers were

1372

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

out of work 15 weeks or more. But among Negroes
there was little difference among the three occupa­
tion groups. More than one-third in each group
were unemployed 15 weeks or more, proportions
substantially greater than among jobless whites.
In particular, unemployed Negro white-collar
workers were nearly twice as likely as whites to be
out of work 15 weeks or more (chart 1).
Construction Workers

The construction industry is characterized by a
large amount of periodically idled manpower.
Not only are construction workers more likely to
be unemployed at some time during the year
than workers from any other major industry, but
they are also most likely to have several periods
of unemployment and to be jobless for a total of
15 weeks or more, as the following tabulation
shows:

W ith unem ployment ..................

With 3 spells or more of unemployment__
Jobiess 15 weeks or more during year..... .

Percent of all wage and salary
___________ workers____________
A ll other wage
Construction
and salary
workers
workers
3 1 .8
1 1 .3
10

.9

1 2 .9
2

.2

3 .5

Historically the construction industry has been
composed of a large number of small firms, most
of which do not have steady work over the entire
year. Jobs are often short term—sometimes for
a single project—so that workers usually shift
from employer to employer. Construction activ­
Chart 1. Long-Term Unemployment Was More
Prevalent Among Jobless Negroes Than Whites in
1965


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ities are frequently seasonal in nature, idling
workers during long periods of cold or bad
weather. These employees often have skills appli­
cable only to construction, and it is difficult for
them to find short-term work in other industries.
Seasonal unemployment causes construction
workers to seek more in pay gains at contract time
to offset the loss of earnings during slack periods.
This unduly benefits those who work year round,
but does little to solve the problem of intermittent
work. It has been proposed that State and Fed­
eral Governments attempt to reduce the loss of
manpower due to seasonality—both in the timing
of contract awards and in setting up public proj­
ects during slack periods—and that employers
guarantee full-year earnings.3
Work Status in February 1966

Of the 20 to 64 yearold men who had a total
of 15 weeks or more of unemployment in 1965,
about 31 percent were also unemployed in Feb­
ruary 1966. This proportion is down from 37
percent in the previous year’s survey giving evi­
dence that the tight labor supply is benefiting
some marginal workers. Only 7 percent (about
100,000) of the long-term unemployed had left
the labor force by February 1966, a peak off-season
month.
Men in the prime working ages who had 15 weeks
or more of unemployment during 1965 were still
substantially underutilized in February 1966, not
only those unemployed, but also those with jobs,
in terms of hours worked. Only 47 percent were
working full time in February 1966; another 16
percent worked part time.
Among the women age 20 to 64, too, a large pro­
portion of the long-term unemployed were also
jobless in February 1966 (24 percent); a year
earlier, it had been 30 percent. During the survey
week, full-time jobs were held by 40 percent of
these women; 18 percent were working part time.
Part-Year Workers

Fifteen million men and 18 million women were
employed only part of the year (either part time
3

v ie w ,

See “Reducing Seasonal Unemployment,” M o n th ly
September 1966, pp. 990-993.

L abor R e­

1873

WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE POPULATION IN 1965
T a b l e 3.

M a j o r R e a s o n s f o r P a r t - Y e a r W o r k i n 1965, b y A g e , S e x , a n d C o l o r

Age, sex, and color

Number of
part-year
workers

Percent who did not work a full year because of—
Unemployment

Illness or
disability

Taking care
of home

Going to
school

Other
reasons 1

Male

Total, 14years and over . . . . . _. . . . . ____.
14 and 15 years
__ ____ _ . _____ ___ __
16 to 21 years
__________________________
22 to 24 years _____________________________
25 to 44 years
. . . . . . . . . ____ ___ _
45 to 64 years
. . . _________________ ___
fi5 ypars and over
_ _
_____
White
______ _______ ___ ______ _
Nonwhite
____________________________

14,793
989
4, 603
1,177
3', 693
3^203
1,128
12,791
2; 002

32.5
1.6
15.7
38.7
55.8
44.4
12.1
31.1
41.4

12.9
0.2
1.9
4.2
15.5
29.9
21.6
12.6
14.7

17,584
781
4,249
1,509
6,063
4,242
'740
15,200
2,384

12.4
1.7
9.7
12.9
13.1
17.2
6.2
11.3
19.8

7.8

34.6
96.3
75.7
33.3
7.9
35.8
27.0

19.9
1.9
6.7
23.7
20.8
25.8
66.3
20.4
16.9

F emale

Total, 14 years and over_____________________
14 and 15 ypars
_____ ________ ________
16 to 21 years------------------------------------------------22 to 24 years________________________________
25 to 44 years________________________________
45 to 64 years
- - _ _ ____________________
65 years and over
___ ____ __ _______________
White_____________________________________
Nonwhite___ _______________ _____ —------------

2.2
4.8
8.5
13.9
13.4
7.2
11.6

51.7
i. 8
20.7
61.6
71.0
58.4
65.8
52.2
48.5

21.7
95.6
64.2
13.8
2.3
22.8
14.9

6.3
0.9
3.2
6.8
5.1
10.5
14.6
6.5
5.2

1 Includes, among others, retirement, service in Armed Forces, summer vacations for students, unpaid vacations, and strikes.

or full time), and for 7 million of them, inability
to find a job was the most important reason for
working less than a full year. Greater propor­
tions of the Negroes than whites gave this reason
(table 3). Young people usually gave school as
their main reason for part-year work, and nearly
two-thirds of the adult women said that they were
housewives. Among older men workers, retire­
ment and illness or disability were the major rea­
sons. Many part-year workers 65 years old and
over prefer to limit their employment to retain full
Social Security benefits. Older Negroes gave ill­
ness or disability as the most important reason for
part-year work, reflecting in part their inability,
financial or otherwise, to obtain adequate medical
care.
Seven million employed persons lost some work­
ing time involuntarily in 1965; about 5 million
men and 2 million women said they did not work
a full year mainly because of unemployment or
layoff.4 One million of these usually worked at
part-time jobs; these were primarily women and
teenagers, and their jobseeking was chiefly for

4
N ot in clu d ed in th is to ta l are abou t 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 person s w ho did
n ot w ork du rin g 1965 because th ey w ere unable to find work, and
abou t 8 0 ,0 0 0 w ho did n o t look fo r w ork because th ey had been
unable to find it w hen th ey had looked in a prior year.


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part-time employment. Three million persons
who worked full time 40 to 49 weeks did not work
the entire year, mainly because of unemployment
or layoffs. Underutilization to an even greater
extent is found among the full-time workers who
worked only 1 to 39 weeks, of whom 2 million men
and a million women wanted additional work.
Of the workers who gave unemployment as the
main reason for working less than a full year, the
highest proportion (50 percent) was among the
3.7 million men in the prime ages of 25 to 44 years.
Men in this age group are usually available for
work all year; if they do not work it is primarily
because of unemployment or layoff, rather than ill­
ness or some other factor. However, the propor­
tion of workers giving unemployment as the major
reason has declined in recent years. (See chart 2.)
Among those not working a full year who gave
reasons other than unemployment, it is possible
to identify additional underutilized manpower.
About half a million men were out of the labor
force part of the year because of the seasonal na­
ture of their work—primarily outdoor workers,
such as those in construction and agriculture.
About 3 million men and women worked less than
a full year because of illness or disability. Many
of these workers probably resumed work after re­
covery from their illness or disability, but a con-

1374

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEMBER 1966

siderable number probably require some retraining
and job adjustment in order to fully utilize their
capabilities.5
Over 9 million persons who were employed pri­
marily full time in 1965 worked only 1 to 26 weeks
during the year. Farm and nonfarm laborers
accounted for 31 percent of the 4 million men who
worked 26 weeks or less, but only 13 percent of all
men who worked. Among the 5 million women
who worked 26 weeks or less, the occupational
distribution was similar to that of all women—over
half of them worked in clerical and service jobs.
Half a million Negro men, 10 percent of all who
worked, were employed for 1 to 26 weeks at full­
time jobs; a majority of them were semiskilled,
unskilled, or service workers. Among Negro
women about 750,000, or 17 percent of all who
worked, worked full time for 1 to 26 weeks, and
they were concentrated in semiskilled, service (in­
cluding private household), and farm labor
occupations.
Loss of potential working time is particularly
great among Negroes because many factors com­
bine to assign them to jobs where work is not
regular or to prevent them from finding jobs at
all. In addition to discrimination that may keep
them out of more steady jobs, many lack salable
skills, have a comparatively low educational level,
have little knowledge of job vacancies, and often
lack adequate transportation facilities to go where
jobs are available. Of workers who held full-time
jobs for 6 months or less, larger proportions of
Negroes than whites gave unemployment as the
main reason for not working a full year—among
the men, 36 percent of the Negroes, but only 24
percent of the whites; among the women, 18 and
10 percent, respectively.
Chart 2.

Unemployment Has Declined as a M ajor
Reason for Working O n ly Part Year


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Youth 16 to 21 Years Old

Sixty-seven percent of the young people 16 to 21
years old worked at some time during 1965, accord­
ing to data available for the first time. Only 52
percent of those 16 and 17 years old worked during
the year, compared with 76 percent of those 18 to
21 years old, primarily because the younger group
is more than twice as likely as the older group to
be in school. Of the boys 16 and 17 years old,
greater proportions of white than Negro boys
worked, but among older youths the percentages
were no greater for whites than for Negroes.
Among the girls, equal proportions of whites and
Negroes age 20 and 21 worked in 1965, but among
the younger girls a smaller proportion of the Ne­
groes worked.
Three-fourths of the 16 and 17 yearolds who
worked in 1965 held part-time jobs; among older
youths, nearly that proportion held full-time jobs.
Eegular year-round work was most common
among those 20 and 21 years old, largely because
so many of them are no longer in school.
Unemployment was widespread among the 16 to
21 yearolds: One of 4 of the nearly 13 million in
the labor force during the year was unemployed
at one time or another, compared with 1 out of 7
of all persons in the labor force. Some of the job­
seeking of youths occurs when they look for sum­
mer jobs or when they look for work after leaving
school, and thus their “unemployment” can hardly
be avoided. The proportion of Negro youths with
some unemployment was 37 percent, compared
with 23 percent for whites. Included among the
3.2 million jobless youths were over one-half mil­
lion who had looked for work at some time during
the year without finding any.
Shopping around for a job may be the inevitable
lot of young people at the start of their work ca­
reers. In spite of the many measures that have
been taken by schools, Government, and private
organizations to prepare youths for work and to
assist them in finding jobs, much more has to be
5 Among persons who did not work at all during 1965 were 2.2
million under age 65' who reported they were ill or disabled.
Undoubtedly some of them could hold down jobs if working condi­
tions were adjusted to their medical and physical disabilities.
For information on extent of work limitations among persons
with chronic health conditions, see C h r o n ic C o n d itio n s a n d A c ­
t i v i t y L i m i t a t i o n , J u l y 1 9 6 1 - J u n e 1 9 6 3 (U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National
Center for Health Statistics (1965), Series 10, Number 17.

1375

WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE POPULATION IN 1965

accomplished in order to reduce the number who
are unemployed a long time or have many spells of
unemployment during the year. Among youths
who both worked and were unemployed at some
time during 1965, 23 percent (some 600,000) were
jobless for 15 weeks or more; one-fourth of a mil­
lion were unemployed for over 6 months. Thirtyfive percent of the unemployed Negroes were
jobless for a total of 15 weeks or more, nearly
double the proportion for whites. Negroes are
more heavily concentrated in unskilled and semi­
skilled occupations in which job tenure tends to be
short, and about 24 percent of the Negro youth
who were unemployed had three spells or more of
unemployment, compared with 17 percent of the
unemployed whites.

The Highest Rate of Increase in Part-Time
Work W as in the M id-1950’s

A v e ra g e A nnu al Rate
of In c r e a s e

19 50-1953

Historical Trends

Part-time workers are making up an increasing
proportion of the Nation’s labor force. Between
1950 and 1965, the number of persons working pri­
marily full time during the year increased by onefifth (to 69 million from 58 million). Over the
same period, part-time workers increased by twothirds (to 17.5 million from 10.7). In 1950, 16
percent of all workers worked primarily part time
during the year; by 1965, 20 percent did. For
both men and women, as the tabulation show^s, the
annual average rate of increase of part-time
workers substantially exceeded that of full-time
workers.
Average annual increase,
1950-65
Number
Men:
(in thousands)
Full-time workers__________ _____ ______
301
Part-time workers______________________
159
Women:
400
Full-time workers______ ____________ ___
Part-time workers______________________
294

Rate
0.7
2.8
2.0
3.6

Chart 3 shows that the largest rate of increase in
part-time work occurred in the mid-1950’s.
The increasing proportion of part-time workers
in our economy is partially due to the influx of
middle-age women into the labor force; women
accounted for 34 percent of persons with work
experience in 1950, 39 percent in 1965. Over this
15-year period, the number of women working
during the year rose by 45 percent, triple the rate
of increase among men. Most of the increase
was among women age 35 to 54 entering or return-


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Chart 3.

1 9 5 3 - 1 95 7

19 57 -1 96 1

1961-1965

ing to the labor force after their children were old
enough to require less attention. Some women
take jobs when their children enter school; others
enter the labor force later, when actual or expected
college expenses for their children or other needs
require additional family income.
The number of part-time workers among women
rose by 70 percent over this period, double the per­
centage increase among full-time women workers.
Among men, the contrast was even more striking:
The number of part-time workers rose by 53 per­
cent, five times the percent increase among fulltime workers. Most of this sharp rise is due to
the increasing numbers of youth who enter the
work force to take part-time work while attending
school. The number of teenage boys working part
time more than doubled between 1950 and 1965.
Looking at the total population, men were less
likely to have worked in 1965 than in 1950; the
proportion working fell from 87 to 82 (chart 4).
The opposite trend occurred among women, as the
proportion of women with work experience rose to
48 from 41 over this period. The decline among
men is almost entirely due to increased retirement,
as older men find it easier to retire because of ex­
panded coverage and increased benefits under so­
cial security and the continued liberalization of
company retirement and pension plans. In 1950,
one-half of the men 65 or over had some work ex­
perience during the year; by 1965, only one-third
worked during the year.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEMBER 1966

1376
In the last 15 years there has been a noticeable
step-up in the number of women entering or re­
entering the labor force. Women have combined
the paycheck with the apron, stimulating the
growth of companies producing frozen dinners.
It is the older women—45 to 64 years of age—who
have shown the greatest tendency to start or return
to work, as the following figures show:

20 to
25 to
35 to
45 to
55 to

24 years_______________________
34 y e a r s -....................
44 years_______________________
54 years______________
64 y e a r s -_____ ________________

Proportion with work experience
Percentage
1950
1965
point change
58.7
66.5
+ 7 .8
43.7
50.1
+ 6.4
47.2
54.6
+ 7 .4
44.9
57.9
+13.0
32.3
48.2
+15.9

I t is becoming less and less common for women
to leave the labor force permanently at the time of
marriage or first pregnancy. Women, especially
the better educated, now often spend a few years
outside before entering or reentering the labor
force. Also, the heavy demand for workers and
the greater opportunities for part-time work


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Chart 4.

have led many companies to actively seek out
women workers, and the 1964 Civil Rights Act has
opened up many occupations previously closed to
them. Employment opportunities for women are
expanding greatly, and the outlook for the future
is for more of the same.
Married women were much more likely to have
worked during 1965 than 1950, up from 35 to 46
percent, but the proportion of single girls work­
ing has trended downward, from 60 percent in 1950
to 55 in 1965. This divergence has resulted from
the increasing tendency of older married women to
enter the labor force and the greater proportion of
young girls (most of whom are single) who stay in
school longer.
The proportion of white women working during
the year has trended steadily upward, from 39 per­
cent in 1950 to 47 percent in 1965, while that of
Negro women has fallen slightly to 56. I t may be
expected that this convergence will continue as
American society and standards become more
homogeneous.

Trends in Annual Work Force, 1950-65

1377

WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE POPULATION IN 1966

The proportion of white men with work experi­
ence fell from 87 in 1950 to 83 in 1965, while that
of Negro men dropped from 87 to 79. The greater
decrease among Negroes is due to a number of fac­
tors. One of these is the fact that school enroll­
ment has increased proportionately more for Negro
than for white youth, and the percentage of Negro
youth who work has declined more sharply.
Full-Time Full-Year Workers

The number of men working full time year
round rose by one-fifth, and the number of women
by one-half, over this 15-year period.
Among men there were diverse changes by age.
Men in the prime working ages (25 to 54) were
more likely to be working full time year round in
1965 than their counterparts in the early 1950’s.

Older and younger men, on the other hand, were
less likely to have full-time year-round jobs in
1965 than in 1950. Older men (55 years and over)
are now more likely to be partially retired and
working only at part-time jobs to supplement re­
tirement benefits. Nowadays more of the younger
men (14 to 24 years) are in school and usually work
during the summer or part time during the school
year, rather than hold down full-time jobs all year.
Older women who worked were more apt to be
employed full time all year in 1965 than in 1950.
Half the women 55 to 64 years old worked full
time year round in 1965 (up from 38 percent in
1950); for women 45 to 54 years old, the propor­
tion rose to 49 from 43. Thus, not only were
greater proportions of older women working in
1965, but they were also more likely to be holding
down full-time year-round jobs.

Erratum
In the Special Labor Force Report on Labor Force Projections by State,
1970 and 1980, in the October Review, the following changes should be noted:
In table 3 (p. 1100), the percent increase projected for Connecticut in the
1960-70 period should be 22.7; in chart 1 (p. 1101), Connecticut should have
been shown in the 20-29.9 group in the 1960-70 projections.


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1378

State Labor
Legislation in 1966
year ’s legislatures in 23 States1 and
Puerto Rico enacted about 300 labor laws, over
60 of which dealt with wages or wage standards.
A minimum wage law was enacted for the first
time in West Virginia, and statutory-rate laws for
the first time in New Jersey and the District of
Columbia. Kentucky and South Dakota extended
their laws to men, and New York and Massachu­
setts increased their statutory minimum rates.
Among other enactments relating to wages were
a new wage payment and wage collection law in
Maryland; new equal pay laws in four States; a
new law prohibiting discharge of workers whose
wages are garnisheed in New York; and a new law
prohibiting the business of debt pooling in
Delaware.
Several laws dealt with problems of training
and retraining of workers to meet the skill require­
ments of the modern economy, others pertained to
child labor, industrial relations in public employ­
ment, and workmen’s compensation.

T h is

Wages

Minimum Wages. With the enactment of the
West Virginia law, there are now 40 jurisdictions
that have minimum wage laws, though in three of
these no rates are in effect. The West Virginia
law provided a minimum rate of $1 an hour for
men, women, and minors, and required overtime
pay of at least iy 2 times the employee’s regular
rate after 48 hours a week. The wage and over­
time provisions take effect January 1, 1967. Em­
ployers of fewer than six persons are exempted, as
are specified groups of employees such as those in
agriculture and certain nursing homes occupations.
New Jersey, while retaining its wage board law
applicable to women and minors only, established
a statutory minimum wage—with three steps be­
ginning at $1.25 an hour effective December 15,
1966, rising to $1.50 an hour by January 1, 1969.
The law required overtime pay of at least time
and one-half the regular rate after 40 hours.
While the act itself covered all employees in all
occupations or industries, minors under 18, do­
mestic service workers, and outside salesworkers
are exempt from the minimum wage and the over­


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

time provisions, but wage boards may set mini­
mum rates for them. Farm and hotel employees,
as well as a few other types of workers, are exempt
from the overtime provisions only.
A law passed by the 89th Congress amended the
1918 District of Columbia minimum wage law and
established for the first time a statutory rate for
men, women, and minors, with certain exceptions.
The minimum rate is to rise in three steps from
$1.25 an hour effective February 1, 1967, to $1.60
2 years later. The same rates apply to hotel and
restaurant workers, but the effective dates occur
a few months later during the same years. The
law also established statutory overtime and per­
mitted work beyond 8 hours a day and 48 hours
a week for women in executive, professional, and
administrative capacities.
Kentucky made its wage board law applicable
to men, as well as to women and children as for­
merly ; and South Dakota extended the application
of its law from “females over 14 years of age ’ to
“persons” over 14.
New York and Massachusetts raised their statu­
tory minimum rates. In New York, the minimum
rate was raised to $1.50 an hour, effective January
1, 1967, and to $1.60 an hour whenever the mini­
mum under the Fair Labor Standards Act is in­
creased to $1.60. Massachusetts also provided for
a two-phase increase—$1.40 an hour effective
February 1, 1967, and $1.60 on February 1, 1968.
Michigan made several significant amendments
which will become effective March 1, 1967; for
example, it extended coverage of the minimum
wage law to any employer of four employees or
more (with certain exceptions) instead of those
with at least four workers employed 13 weeks or
more during 4 preceding quarters; it modified the
exemption from the State law for employers sub­
ject to the Federal minimum wage, to make it
applicable only when the State minimum wage is
lower than the Federal; and it reduced the total
deductions (for tips, meals, or lodging) from 40
percent to 25 percent of the hourly minimum wage
($1.15 an hour). Among the other amendments
enacted were two in Rhode Island—one to place
employees of nonprofit hospitals under the $1.25an-hour minimum wage, instead of the lower rate
1Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia,
Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Penn­
sylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virgiqia,
and West Virginia.

STATE LABOR LEGISLATION IN 1966

set for other nonprofit organizations; and another
to include drivers of “limited public motor ve­
hicles” in the provision allowing 10 cents an hour
for gratuities. And New York reinstated the 6year statute of limitations to the minimum wage
and equal pay laws. (This limit had been reduced
to 3 years by an amendment to the civil code.)
A 1965 city ordinance establishing a minimum
wage of $1 for certain employees in Baltimore,
Md., was amended in 1966 to extend coverage and
strengthen administration of the law.
Wage Payment and Wage Collection. Maryland
enacted a new wage payment and wage collection
law requiring payment of wages in lawful money
at least semimonthly, and on or before the next
regular payday if employment is terminated. The
act prohibited deductions, other than those re­
quired by law, without authorization from the
employee, and required the employer to furnish
a wage statement with each payment. The Com­
missioner of Labor and Industry now has author­
ity to collect unpaid wages for employees. This
makes a total of 25 laws that give such authority
to an administrative agency.
The Maryland enactment provided compre­
hensive coverage, as did amendments to the New
York law which extended coverage to domestic
workers and to employees of nonprofit organi­
zations. The New York law for the first time
permitted a semimonthly payday for clerical,
executive, and professional workers whose earn­
ings are less than $200 a week. Other new
provisions included requirements for the employer
to pay wages on the next regular payday following
termination of employment, to inform employees
as to the pay rate and the regular payday, to
provide a statement of wages and deductions each
payday, and to maintain payroll records.
Six other States added protection for certain
workers in the collection of unpaid wages. Alaska
became the fifth State 2 to enact a law specifically
authorizing the Labor Commissioner to enter into
reciprocal agreements with other States for the
assignment and collection of wage claims. Two
amendments redefined “wages” to include certain
fringe benefits—one in Louisiana to include fringe
benefits specified under collective bargaining
2
T he o th er fo u r S ta te s h a v in g such a u th o r iza tio n s are C ali­
fo rn ia , H a w a ii, N evada, and Oregon.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1379
agreements, and one in Massachusetts to include
holiday or vacation pay under written or oral
agreement. Louisiana also made publishers re­
sponsible jointly with local agents for payment
of wages to door-to-door salesmen of magazines
and periodicals. Hawaii required employers of
25 persons or more to pay wages lost during
service on a jury or public board. In addition,
a Utah amendment deleted the exemption from
its wage payment law for banks and mercantile
houses, to conform to a court ruling that such
exemptions were unconstitutional; and Arizona
raised from $700 to $2,000 the amount of wages
due the beneficiaries of a deceased employee which
may be paid without letters of administration.
Wage Garnishment. New York became the first
State to prohibit the dismissal or layoff of an
employee because his pay has been garnisheed,
applicable where there is one garnishment in a
12-month period.
Five other States changed the amount of wages
exempt from garnishment. Rhode Island raised
the exemption from $30 to $50 of earnings due.
Vermont exempted $30 per week and 50 percent
of earnings over $60 per week rather than the les­
ser of $25 or 50 percent. Kentucky amended its
law to exempt 75 percent of net income, except
for judgments for specified necessaries where the
exemption is 50 percent; and the provision was
made applicable to all workers instead of only
family heads. Previously, 90 percent of earnings
up to a maximum of $67.50 per month was not
subject to garnishment. Alaska added the
amount of court-ordered payments for child sup­
port to the standard exemption of $350 of earnings
within the last 30 days for a family head. Mis­
sissippi extended protection to employees on
salaries and commissions instead of only to wage
earners, and the amount of exemption was made
the same for single persons as for heads of fami­
lies—75 percent of earnings due or to become due
(instead of $100 per month for a family head and
$50 for a single person).
Equal Pay. Laws providing for equal pay were
enacted for the first time in Georgia, Kentucky,
Maryland, and South Dakota. By now, 29 States
have enacted such laws, and 5 other jurisdictions
prohibit discrimination in the rate of pay because

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1380
of sex through thei.
laws.

mployment practice

Prevailing Wages. Three States made significant
revisions in their laws requiring payment of pre­
vailing wages on State projects. New York
placed a 5-year ban on the acceptance of a bid
from or an award of a contract to employers who
have failed to pay the prevailing wage in two
instances within any 6-year period. New Jersey
extended coverage of its law to municipalities
with population of 25,000 instead of 45,000. Wis­
consin changed the coverage from contracts of
$1,000 or more to those of $2,500 or more when
only one trade or occupation is required to com­
plete the contract, or $25,000 or more when more
than one trade is required.
Other Wage Laws. Delaware became the 20th
State to enact a law prohibiting the business of
debt pooling. Eleven other States regulate such
businesses.
Alaska amended the definition of the term
“wages” as used in the minimum wage law, one of
the equal pay laws, and the wage payment and
wage collection law. “Wages” now means not
only the basic hourly rate of pay, but also all
other compensation including contributions made
by an employer to a trust fund or under an en­
forceable agreement to provide medical care, com­
pensation for death or injury, or other fringe
benefits for the employee.
Training and Retraining

In recent years, a number of States have passed
manpower training laws that established various
programs to promote training and vocational edu­
cation that would equip workers with occupational
skills more relevant to the needs of the economy.
This year New York enacted a manpower train­
ing act to provide unemployed and underemployed
persons with institutional and on-the-job training
for work in occupational categories that suffer
from shortages of qualified personnel. New York
also established two programs for youth under 21
years of age, one a conservation camp program,
the other a nonresident youth development and
work-training program. This State took a num­
ber of other actions related to the subject of im­


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proving employment opportunities. For example,
a constitutional amendment was adopted, and en­
abling legislation passed, to strengthen the re­
sources and administration of the Job Develop­
ment Authority, which was created in 1961, to give
financial assistance to projects in labor surplus
areas. One important effect of these actions is to
extend the assistance of the Authority to all
areas of the State, regardless of their economic
condition.
To implement a 1961 technical education and
training act, South Carolina authorized two addi­
tional counties to establish commissions to study
the need for area technical vocational schools
(about a dozen county commissions have been au­
thorized since 1961), and when funds are appropri­
ated, to provide training programs coordinated
with the State’s program for industrial expansion.
Delaware created and appropriated funds for
the Delaware Institute of Technology, designed to
establish educational institutions throughout the
State for persons who have graduated from high
school or those who are unable to attend public
high schools.
A Mississippi act authorized the State Board
of Vocational Education to establish a system of
workshops throughout the State for rehabilitation,
training, and retraining of handicapped persons.
Child Labor and School Attendance

New York revised its child labor law, simpli­
fying procedures for securing work permits for
minors under 18 by validating certificates for the
initial job and also for any subsequent ones. The
law specifically prohibited the employment of
minors under 18 in construction work and in­
corporated the Federal prohibitions on other haz­
ardous work for such minors.
Several other States made changes in the mini­
mum age for employment in hazardous occupa­
tions. New York set a minimum age of 16 instead
of 18 for any employment in the Department of
Mental Hygiene; Michigan set 18 instead of 19 for
telegraph operators handling train orders for rail­
roads. Delaware reduced the age from 21 to 18
for employment in rooms where alcoholic bever­
ages are sold or served. An amendment to the
State’s Alcoholic Beverage Control law established
a minimum age of 18 for employment in a restau-

1381

STATE LABOR LEGISLATION IN 1966

rant where alcoholic liquors are served, but re­
tained the 21-year minimum for handling liquors.
Maryland raised from 16 to 18 the minimum age
for employment of boys and girls in motion picture
theaters, and set an 18-year minimum for their
employment in theaters devoted exclusively to
amateur productions. Virginia removed the pro­
vision that had permitted girls of 16 and 17 to be
employed in selling or soliciting subscriptions or
orders for books or periodicals; this minimum age
now is 18. The amendment retained the provision
permitting boys 16 and over to be employed in this
work, but set additional standards for such em­
ployment.
Alaska amended its education law to require
compulsory school attendance to the 12th grade
instead of the 8th or the highest grade available.
Maryland removed the exemption from school
attendance for physically or mentally handicapped
children and required that they be provided special
instructions. A resolution was adopted request­
ing the Governor of Maryland to create a study
committee to investigate and suggest legislation to
combat the high school dropout problem, including
the possibility of raising the upper age limit for
school attendance.
Louisiana and New York amended the hours of
work provisions for minors. Louisiana reduced
the age for prohibited nightwork; for instance,
boys 16 years old, instead of those 16 to 18, may
not work between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m.; girls under
17, instead of under 18, may not work between
7 p.m. and 6 a.m. Minors are now exempt from
these provisions if they have graduated from high
school or have not attended school for 6 months
after their 17th birthday. New York amended
the nightwork provisions for girls 18 to 21 em­
ployed in factories, allowing them to work until
midnight instead of to 10 p.m., when working
conditions are declared safe and satisfactory by
the Labor Commissioner.
Women’s Hours

In addition to the District of Columbia, three
States changed their exemptions under the wom­
en’s hours laws. Arizona permitted women and
girls to work, in an emergency, up to 10 hours
daily, but not more than 48 hours a week, and
required pay of at least time and a half the regu­


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

lar rate for hours over 8 in a day. Massachu­
setts added an exemption for persons in profes­
sional, executive, or administrative capacity.
And in Virginia, female employees 18 years of age
and over were excluded from the maximum hours
law if they worked in businesses that meet the
requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act on
wages, hours, and recordkeeping.
Industrial Relations

Four States passed laws affecting the rights of
public employees. Wisconsin’s labor relations act
was extended to State employees for the first time,
effective January 1,1967, giving them the right to
join employee organizations of their choice and
engage in collective bargaining, or to refrain from
such activities. The act established procedures
for the election, by a secret ballot, of collective
bargaining representatives and certification of the
results to interested parties. State employers and
employees were prohibited from engaging in
specified practices. For instance, it is now an un­
fair labor practice for a State employee to engage
in or encourage any other State employee to en­
gage in a strike, or to refuse to work or perform
their usual duties. The law also provided for
arbitration and mediation procedures.
New York waived the penalties of the CondonWadlin Act (banning strikes by public employees)
for employees of the New York City Transit
Authority and the Manhattan and Bronx Surface
Transit Authority who were involved in the 12-day
strike beginning on January 1, 1966. Rhode
Island enacted a school teachers’ arbitration act,
and extended the provisions of its labor relations
act to employees of the city of Cranston (except
school department employees). Louisiana per­
mitted public employers to check off union dues
with the written approval of the employee.
In addition, New York extended its labor rela­
tions act to employees in hotels and restaurants
owned by nonprofit organizations and excluded
from its provisions members of religious orders or
volunteers.
A few other States enacted laws affecting labor
unions or union activity. Delaware exempted any
acts arising out of labor disputes from its law
which prohibits loitering or congregating in any
public street. One Virginia law required all labor

1382
organizations in the State to register every 3 years
with the Department of Labor and Industry; an­
other law increased from 3 to 5 acres the
amount of land that a labor union may own at any
one time; and a third one amended the public
utilities law to provide that a notice of contract
termination is not necessary if notice has been
given of modification of the contract.
Continuing the trend of the past few years,
Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey prohibited
the use of lie-detector tests as a condition of begin­
ning or of continuing employment, making a total
of 10 States with such laws.3
Discrimination in Employment

Kentucky enacted a comprehensive fair employ­
ment practice act, prohibiting discrimination in
employment because of race, color, national origin,
or religion. Such laws are now in effect in 35
States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
New Jersey removed the numerical exemption
(employers of fewer than six persons) from its
law against discrimination in employment.
Massachusetts amended its law to permit the
keeping of records relating to race, color, or na­
tional origin by employers and labor organizations
with fewer than 100 employees or members (to be
reduced in stages to 25 by June 30, 1968). This
State enacted another amendment to change the
age to which the ban on discrimination in em­
ployment applied—to 40-65, instead of 45-65.
Private Employment Agencies

Virginia strengthened its law by requiring em­
ployers to advise private employment agencies of
the terms and conditions of employment, and pro­
hibiting an agency from advertising that its serv­
ices are free if any person assumes any liability
for any fees. .Another Virginia law required an
employment agency to give the applicant a copy
of the contract at the time it is entered into.
Massachusetts amended the special law regulating
agencies procuring out-of-State domestic work­
ers, to make it applicable to agencies procuring
any out-of-State workers.
3

T he oth er seven a r e : A laska, C alifornia, H a w a ii, M assach u ­
se tts, Oregon, R hode Isla n d , and W ashington.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

Occupational Safety and Health

General safety and health laws were amended
by several States. Michigan extended the author­
ity of the State Safety Construction Commission
to provide for issuing rules and regulations for
safe working conditions, which was formerly
limited only to rules and regulations on inspection
and use of equipment.
Maryland authorized the Commissioner of La­
bor and Industry to deputize qualified county or
municipal employees to act as his agent in the in­
spection of excavation work in the jurisdiction of
the agent. At least three additional inspectors
were authorized by another measure to enforce
certain safety codes, including those for elevators
and for hoists on construction projects.
New Jersey required railroads, express com­
panies, and airlines to provide lunchrooms, rest­
rooms, and sanitary facilities wherever employees
are at work in the State.
Alaska requested the Commissioner of Labor to
revise, update, and improve the general safety
code.
Kentucky broadened the scope of its program
for the control of radiation sources to include
activities designed to promote scientific and tech­
nological advances and applications, and the estab­
lishment of special educational and training proj­
ects by the newly created Science and Technology
Commission and its advisory council. Maryland
created an 11-member Advisory Commission on
Atomic Energy to advise the Governor and the
State government on peaceful application of
atomic energy.
Five States—Delaware, Louisiana, New York,
Rhode Island, and Virginia—enacted laws provid­
ing that students and teachers in any school shall
wear eye-protective devices in certain courses or
in laboratories. (A total of 24 States now require
such devices.) Massachusetts amended its law of
this kind to make it applicable to any school,
rather than any public school.
Agricultural Workers

A few States enacted laws affecting agricultural
workers in general or the special problems of mi­
gratory agricultural workers. The new New Jer­
sey minimum wage law covered agricultural work-

STATE LABOR LEGISLATION IN 1966

ers, except under the overtime provisions. But
Michigan extended the time for completion of a
study of piece rates for such workers from July
31, 1966, to May 1, 1967. This action, in effect,
postpones the application of the minimum wage
law to certain agricultural workers at least until
the study is completed. Another Michigan law
authorized the Department of Labor to establish
at least two overnight rest camps and information
centers for migratory workers; however, the act
does not provide funds except those obtainable
from the Federal Government or nongovernmental
sources. Michigan also transferred the authority
to make regulations for transportation of migra­
tory workers from the Department of Agriculture
to the Department of Commerce.
Three workmen’s compensation amendments
specifically applied to agriculture. New York ex­
tended coverage of its law to employees of farmers
whose cash payroll aggregated $1,200 or more dur­
ing the preceding calendar year; previously, only
specified farm employments were covered.
Employees recruited by a farm labor contractor
are now considered employees of the owner or
lessee of a farm for the purposes of the law. This
provision takes effect on April 1,1967. Louisiana
removed the exemption from the workmen’s com­
pensation law for agricultural workers who are
transported to and from work. And Michigan
changed the effective date from May 1, 1966, to
May 1, 1967, for coverage for certain agricultural
workers.
Workmen’s Compensation

In addition to covering agricultural workers by
its workmen’s compensation law, New York ex­
tended the law to school aides and volunteer work­
ers for the State. Virginia covered clerks
and other employees of juvenile and domes­
tic relations courts; South Dakota—game wardens;
Kentucky—National Guard members while on
active service; Massachusetts—certain elected or
appointed officials of a city or town, at the discre­
tion of the city government; and West Virginia—
employees of airport authorities in certain
counties.
Seven States—Alaska, Nevada, New Jersey,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, and
Virginia—raised maximum weekly benefits for
certain or all types of disability or for death. For
238-264 0—66

-4


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1383
example, temporary total disability benefits were
increased from $38 to $42 in South Dakota; from
$35 to $50 in; South Carolina; and from $39 to $45
in Virginia. New York deleted the former maxi­
mum benefit limitation of $6,500 for temporary
total disability. Nevada raised the limitation of
wages to $350 upon which temporary total benefits
are computed, thus increasing benefits from a
range of $48.75-$67.50 to $52.50-$72.69.
New Jersey changed its system of computing
benefits for total disability. The maximum for
total disability will now be 66% percent of the
average weekly wages earned by all employees
covered by the unemployment compensation law.
The amount is to be computed by the Commissioner
of Labor and Industry on or before September 1
of each year. Death benefits were raised by com­
puting compensation on the basis of 50 percent,
rather than 35 percent, of wages for one dependent,
and increasing by 5 percent for each dependent up
to 70 percent for five dependents or more, rather
than 60 percent for six or more as before. The
maximum weekly benefits in death cases will be
determined by the same formula as that for total
disability.
Four States—Hawaii, South Carolina, South
Dakota, and Virginia—increased the total com­
pensation for disability or death. These in­
creases for disability amounted to $500 in South
Dakota, $2,400 in Virginia, and $2,500 in South
Carolina. For death they amounted to $10,100
in Hawaii, and $1,800 in Virginia with an in­
creased amount for a wholly dependent spouse
or child.
New Jersey removed the 5-year limitation
on filing claims in certain cases of radiation
poisoning, but required that the claim be filed
within 1 year after the employee came to know,
or ought to have known, the nature of the
disability and its relation to his employment.
New York also made its time limits for radiation
diseases more flexible by providing that claims
must be filed within 90 days after disablement
or death and after the knowledge that the
disablement or death was due to the nature of
the employment. Massachusetts reduced the
waiting period, allowing disability benefits from
the day of the injury if the worker’s incapacity
extends beyond 6 days instead of beyond 8 days.
Virginia now makes its occupational disease
provisions applicable from the date of the first

1384

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

communication to the employee of the diagnosis
instead of the first date of incapacity for work.
Increased contributions by employers or insur­
ance carriers to the second injury fund were
required in Alaska, New Jersey, and Rhode
Island. Employers in New Jersey were made
subject to penalty for violation of a new
ban on discharging or discriminating against
an employee who files a claim or testifies in a
workmen’s compensation proceeding. A new
fund, the Uninsured Employer’s Fund, was
created in New Jersey to provide for the
payment of awards against uninsured defaulting
employers.

State Departments of Labor

Michigan authorized a legislative committee
to undertake a study of the operation of the
Department of Labor, concentrating on the re­
organization that is now underway. New York
updated and clarified the labor law provisions
governing appeals to the Board of Standards and
Appeals and to the courts, bringing such pro­
visions into conformance with recent legislation
and practices.
— D eborah

B o nd

Bureau of Labor Standards

A law enacted by the West Virginia Legislature declares it the duty of
every able-bodied male resident of the State between 16 and 60 years of age
to be habitually and profitably employed, the act to be in effect during the
period of the present war and for six months thereafter. . . .
A law quite similar to the West Virginia statute was passed by the Mary­
land Legislature at its extra session of this year. . . . On proclamation of
the act every able-bodied male between the ages [of 18 and 50 years] “not
then or thereafter regularly or continuously employed or engaged in any
useful business, trade, or profession of any kind,” must register with the
clerk of the court for his county or city. The lists thus procured are to be
furnished to the governor, who shall then assign or cause to be assigned
such persons to the occupations and employments indicated, the term of any
single assignment not to exceed 6 continuous months. . . . Persons able to
support themselves by reason of ownership of property or income, and those
supported by others, are required to register under the act. Students and
all persons fitting themselves to engage in trade or industrial pursuits are
exempt. . . .


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T.

—“Compulsory Work Laws and Laws To Prevent Interference With Employment,”
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , September 1917.

Visitors to the Bargaining Table:
Papers From the American Assembly
E ditor ’s N ote .— Participants

in the thirtieth American Assembly Program,
held at Arden House, Columbia University, October 27-30, used as back­
ground readings nine papers which engaged a wide range of current bar­
gaining issues and provided historical breadth to present questions of
public policy. These papers, which were edited by Professor Lloyd
Ulman of the University of California, are to be published by PrenticeH all, Inc., as an American Assembly Book entitled Challenges to Col­
lective Bargaining ($3.95, cloth; $1.95, paper) in February 1967. The
publisher has granted permission to use the following three brief ex­
cerpts from the collection. No attempt has been made to indicate
omitted portions.

,

New Public Expectations
J ohn T. D unlop *
r e c e n t y e a r s the community has placed new
obligations on collective bargaining, and recent
public criticism of collective bargaining basically
involves the issue whether still additional con­
straints and obligations are to be imposed upon this
institution. Beyond the central purposes of col­
lective bargaining an expectation is being
developed for imposing four new qualities of per­
formance and new purposes on collective bargain­
ing. (a) Collective bargaining is now to be con­
ducted by labor organizations which are expected
to adhere to newT standards of democratic proce­
dures to insure more immediate response of officers
to the rank-and-file, (b) The results of collective
bargaining are expected to meet new standards of
efficient performance. The test of long term mar­
ket survival is not enough ; regardless of the pref­
erence or power of workers and their unions,
excessive manning and inefficiencies are to be rooted
out. ( c) The results of collective bargaining are
to conform further to stabilization guide-posts
promulgated by government without consultation
in


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and without labor and management assent, (d)
Not only should the public health and safety be
protected in industrial conflict, but the public
convenience should not be disrupted. The reaction
to recent airline and newspaper stoppages is
illustrative.
A central question is whether these new expec­
tations can reasonably be achieved by collective
bargaining or whether such new social purposes
can be attained only through other institutions.
Can collective bargaining stand the additional
stresses and strains? What changes would be re­
quired in collective bargaining? If these new
standards and collective bargaining as it has been
operative prove to be incompatible, how much of
each shall we give up ? It is important to be clear
that such questions are concerned with the long
run adaptability of collective bargaining, with
institutional changes in managements and
employer associations, in labor organizations, in
the mechanisms of bargaining as well as in public
policy.
As one looks to the future of collective bargain­
ing, how is it likely to evolve ? What suggestions
* D avid A. W ells, P r o fe sso r of P o litic a l E con om y, H arvard U n i­
v e rsity . T he title o f P r o fe sso r D u n lop ’s fu ll pap er is th e S o cia l
U tility of C o lle ctive B a rgain in g.

1385

1386
can be made to make it more responsive to the
community and more compatible with the new
public expectations? A few mechanisms and
suggestions may be noted.
1. Labor union participation in collective bar­
gaining is not to be identified with the full range
of activities of labor organizations. There are
developments within the labor movement which
suggest that the federations may come to have a
degree of constraint on trade union policies and
activities in collective bargaining and an influence
on the structure of bargaining. The federations
at the national, State and local levels over the next
decade may develop some influence by insistent
reference of other objectives of the labor move­
ment—organizing, legislation, political influence,
community activity and participation.
2. The legislative process is likely to play an
increasing role in the settlement of particular
sensitive disputes. In my view some form of ad
hoc legislative intervention, after all established
procedures have been exhausted, is likely to become
a characteristic feature of our system.
The following legislative proposal in my view
would stimulate the dispute settlement function
of collective bargaining. For those sectors or
industries which have shown repeated serious
difficulties in dispute settlement, the Congress
should require that labor and management repre­
sentatives meet regularly over a period, such as a
year or two, to seek procedures through which to
improve the performance of collective bargaining.
A tentative list of sectors to be cited in such
legislation might include newspapers, maritime,
railroads, construction and airlines.
3. In the interrelations between collective bar­
gaining and the community, not all of the adjust­
ments are on the side of collective bargaining.
The community has some tough choices to make.
The community must learn that it cannot expect all
good things; it must learn to give up desired, but
second ranked, objectives. Free collective bar­
gaining, democratic unions, industrial peace, full
employment, improvement in the position of the
disadvantaged, price stability, balance in the inter­
national accounts, the present price of gold, free­
dom from governmental controls, etc., are simply
not fully compatible. The relative priorities and
preferences the community assigns to these
objectives will be crucial for the future of
collective bargaining.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

Strategies for Decentralization
A rnold R. Weber *

As t h e s t r u c t u r e of collective bargaining has
evolved in the United States, the dominant prob­
lem is the need to reconcile pressures for market
control and tactical striking power with the de­
mand for the effective representation of special in­
terest groups. In this respect, four general ap­
proaches may be theoretically and empirically
identified. First, the agitation for structural
changes may be ignored or suppressed. Second,
active steps may be taken to decentralize the entire
bargaining structure into smaller, independent
negotiating units. Third, the internal union
structure may be modified to improve the repre­
sentation or enhance the decisionmaking power of
particular worker groups. And fourth, efforts
may be made to strengthen bargaining procedures
or to permit the consideration of different issues at
different levels in the bargaining structure.
The demand for the decentralization of decision­
making is likely to be ignored when the issues are
considered to be crucial to the union’s position or
when the leadership believes that the dissidents are
locked into the bargaining structure. Few cases
have arisen in which unions have acceded volun­
tarily to the fragmentation of existing bargaining
structures into independent negotiating units.
For the union, at least, such a step generally means
a sharp reduction in its bargaining power within
the firm or industry. For this reason, the frag­
mentation of bargaining structure usually has been
a sign of union weakness rather than the desire to
accommodate local needs. Consolidated bargain­
ing structures collapsed in the textile, hosiery, and
communications industries as a consequence of
union power deficiencies.
The modification of internal structure has been
a more constructive method of achieving a meas­
ure of decentralization in collective bargaining.
Changes in union structure normally have been
undertaken to give special representation to par­
ticular occupational groups such as the skilled
trades, technicians, and white-collar workers.

* P rofessor o f In d u str ia l R elation s, U n iv e r sity of Chicago.
T he excerp t is tak en from S ta b i lity a n d C hange in th e S tr u c tu r e
of C o lle c tiv e B arg a in in g .

1387

VISITORS TO THE BARGAINING TABLE

Many industrial unions have established a “Skilled
Trades Department” or its equivalent to strengthen
the craftsmen’s influence on union decisionmaking.
The ultimate step in the adjustment of union struc­
ture and decisionmaking is the extension of veto
rights to particular groups in the larger negotiat­
ing unit.
The most imaginative efforts to increase the
degree of decentralization in expanded bargaining
structures have involved changes in bargaining
procedures.
First, various measures have been taken to im­
prove the grievance procedure in large negotiating
units. This approach grows out of the conviction
that many of the local dissatisfactions in consoli­
dated bargaining structures involve grievances
that remain unresolved during the contract term.
Perhaps the most publicized effort at improving
the grievance procedure took place in the Inter­
national Harvester-UAW relationship. In order
to minimize the number of grievances, top com­
pany and union officials “decentralized” the
method of grievance-handling by going to the site
of the complaint at the plant level and attempting
to resolve the issues without the submission of a
formal, written complaint.
Second, the joint labor-management study com­
mittee has come to be a symbol of good intentions,
if not “creative collective bargaining,” in Ameri­
can industrial relations. By discussing common
problems outside the adversary context of formal
negotiations it may be possible to avoid the ac­
cumulation or neglect of local problems.
Third, in some situations, systematic efforts
have been made to bring local people into the cen­
tral bargaining sessions or conversely, some issues
have been moved down in the bargaining struc­
ture. The ILGWU has initiated multilevel nego­
tiations in reaching an agreement covering 7,000
workers in 75 plants of the Jonathan Logan Com­
pany. The overall principles governing the
agreement are negotiated at a comp any wide level,
but considerable latitude is given for local sup­
plements covering a wide variety of issues. The
same limited approach to the displacement of
issues to lower levels in the structure was revealed
in the Goodyear-URW relationship where the rules
governing the scheduling of vacations was re­
moved from the master contract and made a matter
of local determination.


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A Double Arbitration Standard
B e n ja m in A aron *
I n t h e last io years labor arbitration has been
established by Congress and the Supreme Court as
the most preferred instrument for settling labormanagement disputes arising under collective
agreements.
As a general rule, the National Labor Relations
Board (NLRB) will not entertain an unfair labor
practice charge if it appears that the parties have
not exhausted the available contract grievance and
arbitration procedures.1 Although it has always
refused to be bound by an arbitrator’s award in
cases over which it has concurrent jurisdiction, the
Board will accept the award as final if “the pro­
ceedings appear to have been fair and regular, all
parties had agreed to be bound, and the de­
cision . . . is not clearly repugnant to the pur­
poses and policies of the act.” 2
Of greater significance, however, has been a
series of Supreme Court decisions elaborating the
Federal substantive law under section 301 of the
LMRA and outlining the respective spheres of au­
thority of courts and arbitrators. On issues of
arbitrability, courts are limited to finding whether
there is an effective collective agreement, whether
there is an arbitration clause, and whether there is
an allegation that a provision of the agreement
has been violated. If these conditions exist, then
unless it is unmistakably clear that the arbitration
clause excludes the alleged dispute, a court must
order arbitration. In respect to enforcement of
arbitration awards, if the arbitrator stays within
the submission and bases his award on his con­
struction of the contract, the court must enforce
the award. The Supreme Court has also ad­
monished the lower courts that in neither type of
case are they to consider the merits of the dispute,
or to substitute their judgment for that of the arbi­
trator, or refuse to act because they believe a claim
is frivolous or baseless.
The decision in the Maddox case appears to com­
plete the virtual ouster of the courts of their juris­
diction over most arbitrable grievances, just as the
* P rofessor of L aw , U n iv e r sity of C aliforn ia (L os A n g e le s).
T he fu ll a r tic le title is The S ta te of L a b o r R e la tio n s L a w .
C onsolidated A ircra ft Corp., 47 N L R B 694 (1 9 4 7 ).
= Spielberg M fg. Co., 112 N L R B 1080, 1082 (1 9 5 5 ).

1

1388

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

NLRB seems to be abdicating its primary jurisdic­
tion over arbitrable grievances that involve unfair
labor practices as well as breaches of contract.
This trend has met with a mixed reception; al­
though acceptable to the majority of unions and
employers, who prefer arbitration to litigation be­
fore the NLRB or in the courts, it has been sharply
criticized by a minority of management spokesmen
and by a few judges.
Under the Railway Labor Act (RLA), National
Railroad Adjustment Board (NRAB) awards
have not enjoyed the same judicial deference as
that accorded arbitration awards under the
LMRA. In June, 1966, however, an amendment
to the RLA, abolishing the special status of money
awards and prescribing specific standards for ju­
dicial review of all NRAB decisions, was adopted.
Henceforth, they may be set aside only “for failure
of the [NRAB] division to comply with the re­
quirements of the act, for failure of the order to
conform, or confine itself, to matters within the
scope of the division’s jurisdiction, or for fraud or
corruption by a member of the division making
the order.” Under any of these circumstances, the
Federal district court may set aside or remand the
decision.
The amendment is an improvement over the
situation that has heretofore prevailed, under

which employers were given two separate oppor­
tunities to defend against money claims, while an
employee who lost before the NRAB could proceed
no further. Moreover, the practice of the Federal
courts in granting trials de novo in those cases
substantially frustrated the legislative purpose of
relying upon the assumed expertise of the NRAB.
The new statutory standards of judicial review
are broader than those prescribed by the Supreme
Court for review of arbitration awards under sec­
tion 301 of the LMRA, or of system board awards
in airline cases under section 204 of the RLA.
“Failure to comply with the requirements of the
act” provides a tempting reason for intervention
by Federal courts used to substituting their judg­
ments for those of the NRAB. The NRAB is,
however, a somewhat peculiar institution, whose
structure, procedures, and partisanship have been
repeatedly criticized by courts and commentators.
That fact, together with its plenary jurisdiction
and compulsory powers, may justify more strin­
gent judicial review of its decisions.
There remains the fundamental question
whether this kind of statutory tinkering is the best
approach to the problem. Would it not be better
to consider seriously and carefully whether this
separate system of disputes settlement under the
RLA is necessary or desirable ?

To confine bargaining to a narrow range of subjects in a fast changing
world is to condemn our existing voluntary system to obsolescence and extinc­
tion. Today’s most serious challenge to collective bargaining is adaptation
to our rapidly changing technology. . . .
Decisions in cases, however, are only signposts on the path. They may
point the way, or establish standards, but they cannot serve as a substitute
for the intellect, effort and goodwill of the men who sit at the bargaining
table.


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—Gerald A. Brown, C o lle c tiv e B a r g a in in g T o d a y — A s S e e n a t th e N L R B .

Foreign Labor Briefs *

ment, which will enable workers of Indian origin
to return to India.
Israel— L a b o r P o l i c y

Australia — P a y I n c r e a s e D e n ie d

The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitra­
tion Commission reaffirmed its policy of deter­
mining wages on the basis of the capacity of an
industry as a whole rather than of an individual
employer to pay increased wages when it denied
an application by workers of General MotorsHolden (the General Motors subsidiary in Austra­
lia) for an increase of $A6.00 (US$6.72) in the
weekly basic wage. Although it conceded that the
firm was highly profitable and could afford to pay
higher wages, the Commission stated that it could
not upset the doctrine of “comparative wage jus­
tice” in which wages in different occupations were
set for an entire industry and that the union gave
no valid justification for the increase.
Ceylon— U n e m p lo y m e n t

Unemployment—estimated at approximately
one-sixth of the total labor force not employed on
plantations—threatens to spread to the estates be­
cause of reduced sales for their products, which
accounted for 92 percent of the country’s foreign
exchange earnings in 1965. Tea contributes 62
percent, rubber 16 percent, and coconut products
14 percent of the total. Many tea estates oper­
ated at a moderate loss last season, and unless
prices increase, thousands of additional workers
will be thrown out of work.
If the employment situation continues to dete­
riorate, workers and their families in the affected
areas—about two-thirds of the estate population—
will face severe hardship, and labor unrest is
likely to increase. Even in relatively prosperous
times, tea estate workers live on subsistence
wages averaging 60 rupees ($12.60) a month.
The Ceylon Estate Employers’ Federation
(CERE), which represents about 650 out of 800
estates, has asked the Government to combat the
estate problems by removal of export duties; re­
duction of laJbor employed on estates, reduction
of wages, or both; and early implementation of
the repatriation clause in the Indo-Ceylon Agree­


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Wage restraint, increased productivity, and the
channeling of additional manpower to production
of export goods are the major aspects of a 3-year
economic plan approved by the Israeli Cabinet.
In announcing the plan on September 15,1966, the
Prime Minister cited the need to reduce the rapid
rate of increase in the standard of living in recent
years, and to lower production costs to make ex­
ports more competitive. Histadrut, the Israel
trade union organization, has agreed to waive for
the next 2 years one-half the customary cost-ofliving increases which have been tied to rises in
the cost-of-living index, and to raise wage rates in
accordance with productivity, beginning in 1968.
Italy — A i d f o r t h e H a n d ic a p p e d

Approximately 950,000 Italians, handicapped
or disabled through civilian accidents, will receive
government aid under a law which became effec­
tive August 19, 1966. The totally disabled
(685.000) will receive a monthly subsidy of 8,000
lire (about $13), while the partially disabled
(263.000) will be provided with medical care and
vocational training. Though it does not apply to
the blind, deaf-mutes, and other categories already
covered by previous legislation, the new law estab­
lishes the principle that handicapped civilians as
well as individuals disabled either in war or at
work are eligible for government assistance.
Latin America— L a b o r A d v i s o r y C o m m i t t e e

The Consultative Commission on Labor Matters
to the Latin America Free Trade Association
(LAFTA) recently (September 1966) concluded
its first major meeting. Composed of representa­
tives of the central labor organizations of the 10
member States, the Commission recommended that
labor play an effective role in LAFTA, particu­
larly at meetings for establishing agreements on
area-integrated industries, and in all negoti­
ating bodies. It also recommended that LAFTA
members coordinate their labor legislation, com­
mit themselves to maintaining a stable and high
*Prepared in the Office of Foreign Labor and Trade, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, on the basis of material available in early
October.
1389

1390
level of employment, and adopt a common policy
for professional and technical training. The
Commission advocated that member States in­
clude in their development programs a “complete
and total” agrarian reform closely coordinated
with industrialization.
Latin America— U n e m p lo y m e n t

Unemployment and underemployment are
among Latin America’s paramount problems and
are related to the region’s efforts to move from a
primarily agricultural economy to an industrial
one. The Economic Commission for Latin Amer­
ica recently estimated that unemployment is 12
percent of the economically active population and
that underemployment is between 30 and 40 per­
cent. Jamaica and Colombia have recently estab­
lished national commissions, representing major
national groups, to tackle the problem.
Structural unemployment in Jamaica has been
compounded by a high birth rate; recent restric­
tions placed on immigration from the Caribbean
by the United States and the United Kingdom,
which have been traditional sources of labor
absorption; urban migration of unskilled and
semiskilled workers, despite the existence of labor
shortages in the agricultural sector, and the
failure of the agricultural sector to absorb labor
because of low wages and the absence of basic
amenities of life in rural Jamaica. Jamaica’s
newly formed National Commission on Unem­
ployment, composed of Government, labor, man­
agement, and public members, will examine the
extent, causes, and major areas of unemployment,
and seek both short- and long-term solutions.
More specifically, it will consider the extent to
which employment can be increased by providing
incentives to labor-intensive industries, establish­
ing a program of public works, upgrading the
educational and skill levels of Jamaican workers,
and specifying projects which could attract for­
eign aid and technical assistance.
Unemployment in Colombia, as in Jamaica, is
largely structural, with the labor force increasing
by 3 percent a year, an estimated 300,000 persons
migrating each year to the urban areas, and an
industrial manufacturing sector which has not
shown any employment growth since 1963. Un­
employment was estimated at 11.3 percent of the
economically active population of 5.8 million in


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1964. To aid the implementation of the Govern­
ment’s campaign against unemployment, Presi­
dent Carlos Lleras Restrepo has revived the Na­
tional Labor Council, created by the previous ad­
ministration. The tripartite Council has estab­
lished four working committees on studies and
statistics of unemployment, the preparation of an
emergency plan for attacking unemployment,
prices, and the promotion of cooperatives. The
Government’s recommendations to the Council en­
visage an expanded public works program which
would begin in the rural areas through housing
and road construction projects, an acceleration of
the agrarian reform plan, and efforts to establish
more favorable agricultural prices relative to in­
dustrial prices.
United Arab Republic— S c h o o l R e f o r m

A decrease in mandatory years of education and
an increase in emphasis on technical and voca­
tional education are the important elements of re­
form initiated to link the educational system more
closely with the needs of the economy. Mandatory
primary schooling is being cut from 6 years to 5
on the assumption that 5 years of primary edu­
cation provides the needed background for the
economic activities of the more than 70 percent
of children attending primary school who do not
go on to secondary school. Reportedly 78 percent
of the children of compulsory school age (6 to 12
years) are now attending school.
The top 25 percent of the primary school
graduates are to continue their education. Of this
group, 30 percent are to enter 3-year apprentice­
ship courses, combining class work and on-the-job
training, leading to semiskilled industrial jobs; 25
percent to be trained as assistant technicians and
skilled workers in vocational institutions; 20 per­
cent to be trained as skilled workers and potential
foremen and supervisors in 5-year technical
schools; 20 percent to take college preparatory
courses, and the final 5 percent to attend teacher
training schools.
University attendance, now equal to the ratio
for West Germany, Sweden, and the United King­
dom (1 out of 250 persons) is to be cut severely as
the number of graduates of law, commerce, arts,
and agriculture, in the next 5 years, is expected to
be over 52,000, as compared with need of 21,500,
estimated under the country’s Development Plan.

Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*

Reporting and Disclosure

Union Elections. A Federal court of appeals re­
versed 1 a district court order denying a motion
by the Secretary of Labor to prevent completion
of a local union’s elections pending disposition of
the Secretary’s objection to the local’s earlier
elections. Those elections appeared to violate
the Bill of Rights of the Labor-Management
Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 and
strongly resembled the present elections with
regard to circumstances.
Following the election of officers in “parent”
Local 545, and its three branch locals, of the
Operating Engineers (OE) in 1963, the Secretary
brought suit to invalidate the election on the
ground that candidates’ qualification require­
ments had severely restricted the available candi­
dates, contrary to the “reasonable opportunity”
provisions of the act.2 Union stipulations
granted eligibility only to those classified as
“parent local union” members, those who had
filed declarations of intention to be candidates
about 4 months prior to nomination, and those
who had paid dues in advance for 1 year
preceding the election.
The Secretary alleged that 81 percent of the
membership were not classed as “parent local
members” as they belonged to branch locals, and
that the cumulative effect of the restrictions was
to leave only 38 out of more than 1,000 members
eligible for office. The complaint asked that the
election be declared void and a new election held
under the supervision of the Secretary.
In August 1966, before the case came to trial,
Local 545 began a new election by means of mail
referendum. The Secretary asked the district
court to enjoin the union from completing the
election, but the request was denied.
The court of appeals directed that the injunction
be granted. I t was apparent, the court held, that


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the Secretary was likely to succeed in his action to
invalidate the 1963 elections, and that he would
suffer a real detriment if the order were not
granted. The court pointed out that, in its recent
decision in W irtz v. Local J/,10 and loGal 30
/ UOE,3 it had declared similar restrictions on
candidacy invalid, and said that a like result might
be expected here. That decision also had declared
that the occurrence of a new election rendered the
Secretary’s suit moot by terminating the tenure of
office by those serving under the old election. The
court held the Secretary was not at fault in not
having asked for a stay earlier and ordered an
accelerated trial for the case. I t added: “While
we are loath to disagree with the . . . trial court,
we think that here the public interest in permitting
the Secretary to pursue the remedies available
under the LMRDA . . . without additional de­
lays which may altogether frustrate his duties to
enforce the statute and protect the rights of in­
dividual union members is so great that we must
intervene so that matters may proceed with all
necessary speed.”
The court did not consider the question of what
remedy the Secretary can obtain if he wins the
case. The statute provides only for a new election
under the supervision of the Secretary (section
402(c)).
Civil Rights

Union an Aggrieved Person. A U.S. district
court has ruled4 that a union is a “party ag­
grieved” within the meaning of Title V II of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and may join individual
employees in a suit charging an employer with
racial discrimination against some of its Negro
members.

♦Prepared in the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the
Solicitor. The cases covered in this article represent a selection
of the significant decisions believed to be of special interest. No
attempt has been made to reflect all recent judicial and admin­
istrative developments in the field of labor law or to indicate the
effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the
existence of local precedents, or a different approach by the courts
to the issue presented.
1W ir tz v. L o ca l 51f5, O p e ra tin g E n g in e e rs (C.A. 2, Sept. 13,
1966).
229 U.S.C. § 481(e).
s 62 LRRM 2777, August I960.

4

I n te r n a tio n a l C h em ical W o rk e rs U nion v. P la n te rs M an u fac­
tu r in g Co. (D.C.N.D. Miss., Sept. 30, 1966).

1391

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1392
A union representing all of an employer’s em­
ployees filed a charge with the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission, alleging that the em­
ployer had discriminated against its Negro
workers. Subsequently,' some of the Negro em­
ployees filed individual charges with the Com­
mission. Since the Commission was unable to
secure voluntary compliance within 60 days, it
informed the individual complainants, in accord­
ance with the act, of their right to bring suit in a
Federal district court. As for the union’s partici­
pation in the court action, the Commission ruled,
after reconsidering its prior negative view, that
the union was entitled to file charges of
discrimination.
In upholding the union’s right to sue, the district
court followed a long-established rule that “the
practical interpretation of a statute by the execu­
tive agency charged with its administration or
enforcement, although not conclusive on the courts,
is entitled to the highest respect.”
Labor Relations

Enforcement of Agreement. The Wisconsin
Supreme Court determined5 that the Wisconsin
Employment Relations Board (WERB) had jur­
isdiction under section 301 of the Labor Manage­
ment Relations Act to decide whether a collective
bargaining agreement had been violated.
A dispute arose when the employer assigned a
certain type of work to junior employees in viola­
tion of the agreement’s seniority clause. Resort
to grievance procedures was inconclusive since the
agreement contained no provision for compulsory
and binding arbitration, and the union sought—
and obtained—relief before the WERB. The
Board ruled that the LMRA did not deny it juris­
diction of the action, and the employer appealed.
The main issue of the case was, “Does Federal
labor policy prohibit States from public enforce­
ment of collective bargaining agreements through
State unfair-labor-practice proceedings before a
State administrative agency ?”
Relying upon the Supreme Court’s decision in
Doud Box Co.,Gthe court concluded that section 301
provided concurrent jurisdiction to Federal and
State courts for the enforcement of collective bar­
gaining agreements. In rejecting the employer’s


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

argument that concurrent jurisdiction extended
only to State courts, not State administrative agen­
cies such as the Board, the court reaffirmed its
prior decision7that a State court was free “to allo­
cate its judicial power within [its] own bound­
aries”—hence also to the WERB.
The employer also cited the fact that Congress
had refused to accept a proposal to endow the Na­
tional Labor Relations Board with jurisdiction
over section 301 suits, and argued that this action
established a Federal policy rejecting administra­
tive approach to the settlement of suits of this na­
ture. Thus, the employer said, the State was pre­
cluded from dealing with section 301 suits via an
administrative proceeding. The court rejected
this argument, saying that Congress intended en­
forcement to be left to the “usual processes of
law” ; and since Wisconsin and some other States
utilized administrative boards prior to the enact­
ment of the Federal law, enforcement in this man­
ner was “a usual process.”
The court also found that there was no denial of
due process by the WERB in its exercise of judicial
function since, as a matter of right, the company
could have removed the cause to a Federal court.
In a secondary argument, the employer con­
tended that since the collective bargaining agree­
ment contained no provision for compulsory arbi­
tration, the union’s proper remedy, after exhaust­
ing grievance procedures, was a strike rather than
recourse to the WERB. The court dismissed this
argument, saying that a strike was an inappropri­
ate method of enforcing a seniority provision of a
union contract. Permitting the WERB to decide
the dispute was the best way to promote industrial
peace.
Suit for Slander. A U.S. court of appeals has
held8 that seemingly slanderous statements about
a discharged employee made at a grievance pro­
cedure meeting with union representatives cannot
be a valid cause of court action because such state­
ments are “unqualifiedly privileged” and serve the
purpose of peaceful settlement of labor disputes.
In remanding and ordering dismissal of the case,
5

v. W isc o n sin E m p lo y m e n t R ela tio n s
(Wis. Sup. Ct„ Oct. 4, 1966).
8368 U.S. 502 (1|962).
723 Wis., 2d 118 ; 126 N.W. 2d 520.
8G en eral M o to rs Gorp. v. M en d ick i (C.A. 10, Sept. 29, 1966).

B o a rd

A m e ric a n M o to rs Corp.

SIGNIFICANT DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES

the court said that Federal labor policy would be
impaired by such suits for slander.
The employee had been discharged for alleged
misappropriation of company property. At a
meeting called by the union in an attempt to ad­
just the employee’s claim of a wrongful discharge,
a management representative stated, in response to
a question by a union representative, that the em­
ployee had been misappropriating company prop­
erty for years but until then they had been unable
to prove it.
The court felt that this statement was “an inte­
gral part of the bargaining process being carried
on in an effort to adjust [the employee’s] grievance
and had direct relevancy to the issues involved.”
It held that it was the intent of Congress that “full,
frank, uninhibited, robust, and wide-open debate”
in bargaining sessions should be encouraged. Per­
mitting a suit for defamation, the court reasoned,
would have an inhibiting effect. It went on to say
that if the parties to grievance conferences were
not free to express their views on the pertinent
facts of controversy, “the likelihood of the attain­
ment of peaceful adjustments or disposition of the
issues involved between them through the con­
ference or bargaining processes would be greatly
decreased.”
The court concluded that a suit for slander under
these circumstances would interfere with the na­
tional labor policy, and, therefore, could not be
permitted.0
Libel. In another case involving the issue of privi­
leged communication, the Supreme Court of Mis­
souri dismissed 10 a. libel award against members
of a union executive committee, holding that com­
mittee members were protected by the doctrine of
“qualified privilege” when they brought charges
under the union’s internal trial procedure against a
fellow member.
The plaintiff, Pulliam, worked for the railroad;
he also was given assignments from the union to
settle grievances, for which he received per diem
pay including expenses while away from home.
Following a review of Pulliam’s expense ac­
counts for a period of about 9 months, members of
the executive committee, other than the chairman,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1393
signed a draft of charges alleging specific instances
when the plaintiff had claimed pay and expenses to
which he was not entitled. About a week before
the charges were signed Pulliam told one of the
committee members that he planned to run for
the office of chairman.
Pulliam brought suit for libel against three com­
mittee members in county circuit court, alleging
that the charges were brought against him to de­
feat his election for chairman of the executive com­
mittee, and was awarded $35,000.
In proceedings before the State supreme court,
the union claimed that it was protected by the
doctrine of “absolute privilege” due to the require­
ments of the Labor-Management Reporting and
Disclosure Act of 1959. The court rejected the
union’s contention, stating that although “there is
a tendency to extend absolute privilege to occasions
where the communication is provided for and re­
quired by law . . . the Federal statute does not
clearly require the processing of charges in this
manner . . . .” However, the court held that a
qualified privilege attaches to statements and com­
munications made in connection with the various
activities of such organizations as labor unions,
and that members of such organizations may bring
charges against other members, offer testimony in
support of the charges, and make proper publica­
tion of any disciplinary action that may be taken,
without liability for any resultant defamation, so
long as they act without malice.
Finding that the charges were brought before
the committee members knew of plaintiff’s inten­
tion to run for office, and that they acted as re­
quired by section 501 of the LMRDA, the State
supreme court held that the committee members’
action was without malice. The award was dis­
missed.
9The court drew a destinction between this case and the
Supreme Court’s decision in L i n n v. U n ite d P l a n t G u a r d
W o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a ,2 which involved a suit for libel based on
statements published during a union organizing campaign. The
High Court ruled there that the State law of defamation was not
preempted by Federal law since it did not interfere with the na­
tional labor policy. The Court concluded, therefore, that a union
and its officers could be sued under State law by an employer’s
official for the defamatory statements charged if he could prove
that the statements were made with malice and injured him.
(383 U.S. 53 (1966.).
10P u llia m v. B o n d (Sup. Ct. of Mo., Sept. 12, 1966).

Chronology of
Recent Labor Events

November 14
city of New York and the American Federation of
State, County, and Municipal Employees agreed on a 2%year contract covering 17,000 hospital aides. The con­
tract—the parties’ first—provides an average wage
increase of $900: $375 retroactive to July 1, $375 next
July, and $150 on July 1,1968.
The

November 15
November 1, 1966
T h e United Shoe Workers and 18 manufacturers of
women’s footwear agreed on a 2-year contract covering
about 5,000 workers in the New York metropolitan area.
Wages were increased by 15 cents an hour and the mini­
mum starting rate was raised. In October, the same
union and the Boot and Shoe Workers agreed on two con­
tracts. The first, with Interco, Inc. (formerly Interna­
tional Shoe Co.), affects about 11,000 workers and pro­
vides wage increases of 6 to 9 cents an hour, effective
January 2, 1967, plus an additional 6 to 12 cents an hour
on January 1, 1968. (See p. 1397, this issue.) The sec­
ond, with Brown Shoe Co., affects about 15,000 workers
and provides a 6-percent wage increase for pieceworkers
and 9 cents an hour for hourly workers on January 1,1967,
with additional increases of 7 percent and 12 cents, respec­
tively, on January 1, 1968. All three contracts included
improved health and pension benefits.

November 2

77 ratified a 3-year contract with the
Philadelphia Orchestra Association, ending a 2-month
strike of symphony musicians. (See p. 1399, this issue.)
The maximum workloads were reduced to four concerts
a week and 6 weeks of touring a season. The minimum
weekly salary was increased $25 (from $200), with a
further increase of $5 next season and $7.50 in the last
season of the contract.
M u s ic ia n s L ocal

November 16
its autumn meeting in Washington, the Executive
Council of the AFL-CIO reendorsed all positions on for­
eign policy taken by the Federation since the merger. In
other actions, the Council backed the bargaining objec­
tives of the Oil Workers for a plan of guaranteed employ­
ment for all present oil refinery employees; denied an
application by the Airline Employees Association (a
branch of the Air Line Pilots Association) for a national
charter; and voted $25,000 to help strikers at Kingsport
Press.
A t

of the Communications Workers ratified a 3year contract with Western Electric Co. after having
rejected a previous agreement in early October. (See
p. 1400, this issue.) The contract, which covers 22,000
installers, is retroactive to July 28 and provides wage
increases of 13 to 20 cents an hour, with a wage' reopener
halfway through the contract.

A c o n t r a c t offered by the Nation’s class I railroads to
several major unions, representing more than 700,000
workers, was accepted by the 145,000-member Brother­
hood of Railroad Trainmen. The 16%-month contract
provides a 5-percent wage increase retroactive to August
12, improved vacation benefits, and a wage reopener in
September 1967. On November 19, the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, with 34,000 mem­
bers, agreed to a similar contract.

M em bers

November 3

about 250 members of the Youngstown Federa­
tion of Teachers and 33 members of the Hubbard
Federation of Teachers (AFL-CIO) returned to work,
ending a 6-day strike. The teachers in Youngstown won
an agreement for an election by classroom teachers in
1968 to determine their bargaining agent. In Hubbard,
teachers were given a $530 annual increase in wages and
benefits.

8,500 m e m b e r s of the predominantly Negro Virginia
Teachers Association and the 35,000 members of the pre­
dominantly white Virginia Teachers Association voted to
merge memberships as of January 1, 1967. The merger
applies only to the State groups—local associations may
remain separate.

T he

1394


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

November 28
I n O h io ,

Developments in
Industrial Relations*

by settlements for
about 200,000 union employees of the Nation’s
largest electrical manufacturers. The settlement
with General Electric, reached on October 14,1was
followed by a similar settlement between the
Westinghouse Electric Corp. and the Electrical
Workers (IUE) representing 40,000 workers.
Some 14,000 members of the Federation of West­
inghouse Independent Salaried Unions and 7,400
members of the independent United Electrical
Workers (UE) also accepted similar terms. The
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW ),
however, rejected the Westinghouse offer and
struck the company’s plants and shops on
November 1, calling out about 3,500 of the
14,000 IBEW members at Westinghouse. By
November 4, the total was 7,000. The union
contended that the company had offered them a
contract including terms that were less liberal than
those concluded with three other unions.2 The
IBEW was also asking for a national agreement
covering its 14,000 members at both repair shops
and manufacturing plants of Westinghouse.
The pace of the 1966 round of negotiations in
the telephone industry accelerated as over 65,000
workers were included in agreements reached in
the Bell system during the month. Some 23,000
installers employed by Western Electric Co., Inc.3
accepted a revision of an earlier proposal which
they had rejected. Settlements were also reached
for 15,500 employees of New Jersey Bell, 11,000
at both the Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania
and the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone
Co. in the Washington, D.C., area, and 6,500
employees of the Wisconsin Telephone Co.
About 11,000 Boot and Shoe Workers at Interco,
Inc. (formerly International Shoe Co.) were
included in a 2-year agreement and 7,500 Textile
Workers in the textile dyeing, printing, and
finishing industry in New York, New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania were covered by a 3-year agreement
reached after a 10-day strike.
O ctober was highlighted


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

A strike by some 16,000 carpenters in the Detroit,
Mich., area, began on Otober 3 and continued into
November. The strike against eight employer as­
sociations centered on the carpenters’ insistence on
setting up their own health and insurance fund in­
stead of participating in an area Construction
Workers Insurance Fund. The strikers asked the
employers to contribute 55 cents an hour per
worker into the fund (rather than 15 cents to the
existing combined fund). The strike affected an
additional 4,000 workers.
Metalworking

The National agreement between Westinghouse
Electric Corp. and the Electrical Workers (IU E ),
affecting 40,000 workers throughout the country,
was ratified October 23, though local supplements
remain to be settled.
Terms of the agreements included an lD/^-centan-hour increase plus a 1- to 10-cent-an-hour skill
increase effective October 17 and additional 6- to
12-cent increases effective October 16, 1967, and
October 14, 1968, for hourly employees. Cost-ofliving adjustments similar to those at GE were
provided. Other benefits included a ninth paid
holiday in 1968 for most employees and 2 weeks
of vacation after 2 rather than 5 years of service.
Normal pension benefits, minimum pensions after
15 years of service, and benefits for early and dis­
ability retirement were improved.
Hospital benefits were liberalized and coverage
was extended to 365 days from 180. Maternity
and major medical benefits were also improved.
Under the 1963 settlement, both the pension and
the insurance agreements were scheduled to expire
in 1968.
Layoff benefits were improved by increasing
tuition payments to workers learning new skills
and permitting recalled workers to rebuild service
credits for these benefits. A voluntary employee
savings plan that takes effect July 3, 1967, will
allow workers electing some reduction in pay to
*Prepared in the Division of Wage Economics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, on the basis of published material available in early
November.
1See M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , November 1966, p. 1276, for de­
tails of GE settlements and strikes.
2The union claimed 13 stipulations incorporated in the agree­
ments with the IUE, UE, and Westinghouse Independent Salaried
Unions were not offered by the company. Among the issues were
geographic wage differentials, layoff benefits, and full arbitration.
3Subject to ratification by November 16.
1395

1396
save up to 6 percent of their pay with the company
matching 50 percent of the allocation.
Westinghouse spokesmen described the October
23 settlement of the 14,000 salaried employees as
basically the same as the IU E settlement. Both
were scheduled to terminate on November 10,1969.
A contract containing similar terms was con­
cluded by the company and the Electrical Workers
(UE) on October 27, for 7,400 workers in 8 plants;
the agreement was subject to ratification.
On November 1, about 3,500 members of the
Electrical Workers (IBEW ) struck Westinghouse, and an additional 7,000 workers initially
honored picket lines. The strikes affected about
22 repair shops employing 800 workers and 24
manufacturing plants employing over 13,000
workers. Plants in Youngwood and Cheswick,
Pa.; Dover, N .J.; Upper Sandusky, Ohio; and
Richmond, Ky., were initially struck; work con­
tinued at plants manufacturing critical defense
items. A strike by 650 American Flint Glass
Workers also began on November 1 at Westinghouse’s Bath, N.Y., plant.
Scovill Manufacturing Co. of Waterbury, Conn.,
and the Auto Workers agreed October 16 on a 3year contract covering 3,500 workers in six com­
pany divisions. Wage increases of 7, 7¥2, and 10
cents an hour were effective at 1-year intervals for
2,740 workers. About 750 skilled trades employees
receive 7.6-, 6.1-, and 5.6-percent wage increases on
their card rates (82 cents below actual earnings).
Skilled trade apprentices receive 15-, 5-, and 5cent-an-hour increases on their starting rates
($2.22 an hour by 1968). Other provisions in­
cluded increased shift differentials; the day after
Thanksgiving as a ninth paid holiday; longer
vacations; higher vacation pay including 5 weeks
of vacation with 10 percent of annual earnings
after 20 years; an improved pension plan; and
increased insurance benefits. The package cost
was reportedly 44.68 cents an hour over 3 years.
A strike which had lasted almost 3 months ended
September 27, when the George D. Roper Corp., an
appliance manufacturer, of Kankakee, 111., settled
on a 3-year contract with six unions representing
1,900 employees. Settlement provisions included
12-cent-an-hour wage increases for dayworkers in
the first 2 years and 13 cents in the third year.
Pieceworkers received a 4-cent-an-hour increase on
their base rates plus a 3-cent-an-hour add-on the
first year, and 4-cent and 3-cent-an-hour base rate


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

increases the second and third years. Wage in­
equity adjustments of up to 31 cents an hour over
3 years were included. Pension and health plans
were improved and major medical coverage was
established.
The Marine and Shipbuilding Workers agreed
to a 3-year contract with the Shipbuilding Division
of the Bethlehem Steel Co. Reached in late Sep­
tember, the agreement covered some 6,000 workers
in East Boston, Mass.; Hoboken, N .J.; Staten Is­
land, N.Y.; and Sparrows Point (Baltimore), Md.
Wages were increased 5, 6, and 7 cents an hour the
first year, depending on the job classification. The
second year increase was 8,9, or 10 cents, while 10-,
11-, or 12-cent-an-hour increases were to be effective
the third year. The pact also improved vacations,
and the company agreed to assume the full cost of
the life and health insurance provisions.
Some 1,900 Machinists were covered by a 2-year
agreement with the Addressograph-Multigraph
Corp. of Cleveland (Euclid), Ohio. Hourly
workers received a 3.5-percent wage increase with
inequity adjustments retroactive to June 6, and a
10-cent-an-hour increase effective June 5, 1967.
Pieceworkers received a 10-cent-an-hour increase
the first year and an additional 9 cents in 1967.
Other terms included a tenth paid holiday and im­
proved sickness and accident and hospitaliziation
insurance benefits.
Alan Wood Steel Co. of Conshohocken, Pa., re­
ported in October on the first-year results (for the
year ending June 30, 1966) of its Joint Economic
Expansion Plan—a cost-savings and job-security
plan with its 2,500 plant workers represented by the
Steelworkers.4 Speaking at a regional technical
meeting of the American Iron and Steel Institute
at Cherry Hill, N.J., Mr. Robert Groves, Alan
Wood’s Vice President, Personnel, expressed satis­
faction with methods of computation and potential
savings. Plant construction and rebuilding proj­
ects had, however, slowed cost savings. During
the year, $834,000 in savings were produced;
$179,000 was distributed to hourly workers and
$104,000 to salaried workers. Pay and benefit re­
serve accounts received $92,000 for hourly workers
and $25,000 for salaried workers. Of each 100
workers, 40 chose not to participate and remained
on incentive.
4 See M o n th ly
of the plan.

L a b o r R e v ie w ,

March 1965, p. 321 for description

1397

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

Footwear, Textiles, and Apparel

On the weekend of October 1, the United Shoe
Workers and the Boot and Shoe Workers reached
agreement on a 2-year contract with Interco, Inc.
(formerly International Shoe Co.). Approxi­
mately 11,000 workers in Illinois, Missouri, and
Arkansas were affected. Effective January 2,
1967, pieceworkers will get a 6-cent-an-hour wage
increase added to the clock card hours with an
additional 3 cents an hour added to all class
wages; hourly workers will receive a 9-cent-anhour wage increase. Wage increases of 6 cents
an hour to the clock card hours and 4 cents an
hour to class wages for pieceworkers, and 12 cents
for hourly workers will be effective January 1,
1968. Pensions for those retiring on or after
October 1, 1966, were increased to $2 from $1.75
a month for each year of credited service. Effec­
tive October 1, 1967, company payments to the
pension fund will increase to 4% from 4 percent
of the gross payroll, and pensions for those
already retired on October 1,1966, will be raised to
$1.75 (instead of $1.25 to $1.50) a month for each
year of credited service. Insurance improvements
included up to 31 days of hospitalization benefits
equivalent to the area cost for a semiprivate room
instead of $15 a day, $5 instead of $3 a day for
doctor’s visits to a maximum of 31 days, a $350 in­
stead of $300 surgical schedule, and an integration
of Medicare benefits with the group health and
welfare plan.
A 10-day strike was ended on October 12 when
the Textile Workers (TWUA) reached agreement
on a 3-year contract with employers in the textile
dyeing, printing, and finishing industry in metro­
politan New York, southern New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania; some 8,500 workers at 200 plants
were affected. Provisions included a 20-cent-anhour general wage increase this year, with addi­
tional increases of 13 cents on October 1, 1967,
and 10 cents on October 1, 1968; a $2.60-an-hour
minimum wage, instead of $2.20 for women and
$2.40 for men; a tenth paid holiday; and improved
vacations and pensions.
Under a cost-of-living wage reopener, some 3,500
workers in the ladies’ belt industry in New York
City received a 5-percent wage increase, effective
the week of October 3. Negotiated in August 1964
by the Ladies’ Garment Workers with the Belt


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Association, Inc., the National Association of
Women’s Belt Manufacturers, Inc., and the Handcovered Buckle and Novelty Association, the 3year contract provided for a wage reopener when
the Consumer Price Index rose at least 5 percent
above the level for August 1964.
Chemicals

A number of companies in the chemical industry
reached agreements during September and Octo­
ber, improving wages and supplementary benefits
for some 8,000 workers.
After a 74-day strike, agreement was reached
on September 18 by the E. I. dupont de Nemours
and Co. and the International Chemical Workers,
covering 1,600 employees at the Photo Products
Plant in Sayreville, N.J. Wage increases of 14
cents an hour effective immediately and an addi­
tional 10 cents an hour in March 1967 were pro­
vided in the 2-year contract.
The Mine Workers District 50 (Ind.) concluded
a 2-year contract with Atlas Chemical Industries,
Inc., in Wilmington, Del., covering about 1,000
workers. The mid-September settlement pro­
vided an immediate wage increase of 13y2 cents
and hour, and an additional 4-percent increase in
September 1967. The contract also provided for
improved vacations, pensions, and health and wel­
fare benefits, including the establishment of a
$15,000 major medical program.
On September 30, a 2-year contract was negoti­
ated by the Niagara Hooker Employes Union
(Ind.) and the Hooker Chemical Corp. in Niagara
Falls, N.Y. Some 1,300 workers were afforded
immediate wage increases ranging from 10 to 13
cents an hour and additional increases ranging
from 8 to 11 cents on October 1, 1967. Other
terms included a tenth paid holiday (Washington’s
Birthday) in 1968, 3 weeks of paid vacation after
5 instead of 10 years, 4 wTeeks after 10 instead of
20 years, and a fifth week of vacation after 20
years; increased jury-duty pay; and improved
disability benefits.
The 16-union Fernald Atomic Trades and Labor
Council and the National Lead Co. of Ohio, located
in Cincinnati (Fernald), Ohio ended a 21-day
strike on October 23. Covering some 850 workers,
the 3-year pact provided wage increases of 3 per­
cent in 1966 and an additional 4 percent in each of

1398
the next 2 years. O ther terms included improved
pensions, vacations, hospitalization, and insurance
benefits.
A wage increase of 10)4 cents an hour was agreed
to on A ugust 29 under a reopening provision for
some 3,500 Oil, Chemical and Atomic W orkers at
two plants of the 3-M Company in St. Paul and
H astings, Minn. A Jo in t Committee of repre­
sentatives of the union and the company had met
on August IT and surveyed base wages of selected
firms in the area. U nder the same arrangement,
workers received an 8-cent-an-hour increase last
year.

Other Manufacturing
On October 4, the J e ll-0 division of General
Foods signed a 3-year contract with Local 56 of
the Meat Cutters, representing over 1,000 workers
in the Dover, Del., plant. The agreement called
for increases totaling 41 cents an hour over the 3year period; new hourly wage rates will range
from $2.27 to $3.79. The agreement also provided
some improvements in benefits. In separate bal­
loting, the approxim ately 100 members of the
Teamsters Union employed at the plant rejected
the company offer.
Norris Industries, Inc. of Los Angeles and the
Auto W orkers negotiated a 3-year contract cover­
ing 2,300 workers producing anti-aircraft missiles
and munitions. A n initial wage increase of 6 per­
cent was to be followed by 3-percent increases in
both the second and th ird years. A maximum of
6 cents was provided in cost-of-living adjustments
over 2 years. The settlement was preceded by a
1-day work stoppage on October 3.

Trade and Services
A 2-year contract which provided annual wage
increases ranging from $3 to $10 a week for about
5,000 drug store employees in New York City (ex­
cluding Queens) and Long Island was negotiated
in late September by the Retail Wholesale and
Departm ent Store Union. Included were W helan,
Liggett, Nescott, Crown-Rite, and Courtesy drug
chains as well as stores represented by the National
Independent Pharm acists, Em pire, Consolidated
Brooklyn, D rug Industry Associates, and the Nassau-Suffolk County Pharm aceutical Society.
Weekly wage rates were increased as follows:


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966
Increases effective
October 1
Classification
Pharmacists__________________
Sales clerks___________________
Porters and dish washers_______
Soda fountain m en____________
Checkout clerk and stockmen.
Cosmeticians__________________

1966

1967

$ 10.

00
6 . 00

$ 10.00

5.75
3 and 5
4. 50
3, 4, and 6

5.75
3 and 5
4.50
3, 4, and 6

6 . 00

Three weeks of vacation were provided after
8 instead of 10 years of service and severance pay
was increased. The companies will pay an ad­
ditional 1/2 percent of payroll each year either to
the union’s benefit funds or to increase wages—the
distribution to be determined a fte r New York
State’s Medicaid is fully implemented. P rio r to
the settlement, J h e companies paid 3y2 percent of
payroll tow ard health benefits and 4 y2 percent to
pensions.
Also in the m etropolitan New York area, the
Am algam ated Clothing W orkers agreed in late
October with the R etail A pparel M erchants A s­
sociation and independent F ifth Avenue men’s
clothing stores on a 3-year contract retroactive to
September 1, which provided minimum increases
of $5 and $6 a week, respectively, for some 4,000
selling and nonselling employees. Sim ilar in­
creases become effective the following year. Com­
missions were increased % of a percentage point
for clothing salesmen and % of a percentage point
for furnishing salesmen, over the contract term.
(P rio r to the settlement, commissions were 6)4
percent for clothing salesmen and 7 percent for
furnishing salesmen.) A th ird week of paid vaca­
tion was provided after 1 year for employees with
5 years experience in the industry. M onthly
pension benefits were increased to $80, from $65,
and daily hospitalization benefits to $40, from
$28. A dditional benefits for miscellaneous hos­
pital expenses were raised to $350, from $250, sur­
gical benefits to $375, from $300, and life insurance
for retirees to $1,000, from $500. The 3-year
“package” was said to be worth 43 cents an hour.
Three-year contracts were reached in late Sep­
tember and early October by the Retail Clerks for
about 2,000 employees at Food F a ir stores and
2,300 employees at American Stores (Acme) in
northern New Jersey and New York.
The Food F a ir contract provided full-tim e
clerks a $5-a-week wage increase retroactive to
September 1, w ith an additional $4 in 18 months.
Three weeks of vacation were provided after 8 in­
stead of 10 years, and 4 weeks after 18 instead of

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

20 years. Im proved health and welfare benefits
included the addition of an optical benefit plan.
Full-tim e clerks a t Acme received $5 a week ret­
roactive to September 1, with an additional $5
after 18 months; m eat departm ent employees re­
ceived $7 increases on both dates. O ther benefits
were the same as those negotiated in the Food
F a ir contract. Part-tim e employees covered by
both contracts received proportionate hourly
wage increases.
A n agreement reached on September 11 be­
tween the Seattle D epartm ent Stores Association 5
and the R etail Clerks provided wage increases
totaling 30 cents an hour over 3 years for 3,000
employees. A 10-cent increase was retroactive to
May 15, w ith additional 10-cent increases to be­
come effective in May of both 1967 and 1968. P re ­
mium pay was provided after 9: 30 p.m. in stores
still open for business; commissions were improved
in many departm ents; supervisors’ sales were to be
credited and divided among the employees; some
job classifications were upgraded. Sunday inven­
tory work was to be paid at tim e and one-half for
the first 2 hours and double time th ere after; double
time plus holiday pay was provided for work on
W ashington’s Birthday. A fourth week of vaca­
tion after 20 years was established. H ealth and
welfare benefits were improved, including the
payment of weekly disability benefits after 6
instead of 8 days and the addition of $10,000 m ajor
medical coverage.
A fter a 6-day strike, a 3-year agreement was
reached on October 6 by the Philadelphia Hotel
Association and some 2,000 Hotel and R estaurant
Employees. Wage increases of 6 cents an hour
were provided each year for nontipped workers
while tipped workers received a total of 9 cents an
hour over the life of the agreement. Banquet
waiters received gratuities of 12 instead of 11 per­
cent, while bellboys received 25 cents per bag for
persons traveling in groups, with a maximum of
50 instead of 25 cents per person. Part-tim e
workers received 1% times the rate for full-time
employees for work up to 20 hours in a week and
straight time thereafter, instead of straight time
for all work. O ther terms included a seventh paid
holiday; a third week of paid vacation after 15
y ears; improvements in the pension p la n ; in-

1399

creased Blue Cross coverage; the inclusion of Blue
Shield coverage; and an increase of $5 a week in
sickness and accident benefits.
E arly fall proved to be a trying period for
music lovers. Local 802 of the Musicians struck
for 3 days in mid-October calling out 115 members
in 32 hotels and 140 in 24 night clubs in New York
City. A 3-year contract ending the strike reduced
the musicians’ workweek to 5 from 6 days. Basic
salaries were to be raised in steps to $167 a week
from $147 in the th ird year.
Earlier, Local 802 had agreed to new contracts
with the New York City Center Opera Co. and the
M etropolitan Opera Co. The September 16 open­
ing of the M etropolitan Opera at the new Lincoln
Center went on as scheduled and the M et’s general
manager Rudolph Bing announced the settlement
during the opening performance. Retroactive to
1964, the 5-year contract raised the weekly m ini­
mum scale to $225 from $190 the first year and to
$260 a week in the fifth year. I t was estimated
th at the weekly minimum could be $355 in the fifth
year with the addition of income from recordings,
radio and television appearances, and other
sources.
A 1-day strike on September 22 canceled two
rehearsals before the City Opera, settlement was
reached. The 2-year pact raised weekly base
scales from $182 to $203 in the first year and $210
in the second year. The season was increased
from 20 to 30 weeks by the second year. P er diem
and rehearsal rates were increased, and paid vaca­
tions and welfare and sick benefits were provided
in the second year.
In Philadelphia, Eugene Orm andy, conductor of
the Philadelphia Orchestra, made a personal ap­
peal to members of Local 77 of the Musicians to
end their strike against the Philadelphia Orches­
tra Association. The musicians struck on Sep­
tember 15 following expiration of their contract.
The strike continued through October despite the
association decision to drop its insistence on a con­
tract clause restricting the free-time musical ac­
tivities of its musicians. O ther issues involved
wage increases, vacations, and the length of the
contract.
A strike against the Indiana State Symphony
Society by Local 3 of the Musicians delayed the
opening of the Indianapolis Symphony Orches­
5 Frederick and Nelson, Bon Marche, Butler Bros., J. €. Penney tra ’s concert season set for September 25. The
Co., Rhodes of Seattle, and Mayfair Department Store on Mercer
strikers had been out for 6 months over demands
Island.
2 3 8 -2 6 4 0 — 66 -------5


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1400
for higher wages and a longer season. A 5-year
agreement was reached on October 13. increasing
the concert season from 28 to 36 weeks in the final
year. The weekly minimum scale was raised from
$111.50 to $145.00 for the 1966-67 season, up to
$175 in the fifth year.
The 1966-67 season of the Los Angeles P h ilh a r­
monic Orchestra, scheduled to open on November
3, was delayed. Negotiators representing the
Southern C alifornia Symphony-Hollywood Bowl
Association and Local 47 of the Musicians had
been unable to reach agreement on a new contract.

Transportation and Communication
On November 1, a 3-man Presidential E m er­
gency Board 6 recommended a 3-year settlement
package for nearly 9,000 Pan American Airways
mechanics and ground service employees rep ­
resented by the T ransport W orkers (T W U ).
These 5-percent wage increases were recom­
mended “spaced comparably to the American
A irlines-T W U settlem ent.” 7 An eighth paid
holiday and double time and a half pay for work
on holidays were proposed and the company was
to assume one-fourth of the employees’ payments
for pensions costs as well as the full cost of basic
and supplemental hospital benefits for dependents.
Pan American employees form erly paid the full
cost of supplemental and one-fourth of the cost
of basic coverage. Maximum sick leave accumu­
lation was to rise to 70 from 60 days. Sim ilar
wage, pension, and insurance benefits were recom­
mended for 2,500 stewardesses and stewards.
Following a rejection8 by the union member­
ship of a settlement which had set the pattern
for the operating companies of the Bell System,
negotiators for W estern Electric Co., Inc., and the
Communications W orkers agreed on October 24
to a contract with some minor changes. Among
the new improvements were protection from loss
of holidays when they fall on weekends, and an
improved provision for disposing of homes owned
by union members who are perm anently tra n s­
ferred. The settlement was subject to union
ratification by November 16.
A dditional settlements were reached in October
by Bell System operating companies and three
unions. The Communications W orkers agreed
to wage increases ranging from $3.50 to $8 a
week for some 6,500 employees of the Wisconsin


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Telephone Co., and for 11,000 employees of the
Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., in the
W ashington, D.C., area.
The New Jersey Bell Telephone Co., and the
CW A agreed on wage increases ranging from
$3.50 to $5.50 a week for 7,500 traffic departm ent
employees, and w ith the Electrical W orkers
(IB E W ) on increases ranging from $3.50 to $8
for 8,000 plant and engineering departm ent
employees.
The Federation of Telephone W orkers (Ind.)
and Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania negoti­
ated wage increases ranging from $5.50 to $9 a
week for 9,500 plant and service departm ent
employees, and $3.50 to $5.50 for 1,500 clerical
and accounting departm ent employees; some cities
were reclassified to higher wage zones.
All the contracts improved vacations, pensions,
life insurance, and health and welfare benefits,
and provided for a reopening on wages after
18 months.

Construction
The O perating Engineers and Associated Gen­
eral Contractors of New Jersey signed a 3-year
agreement w ith terms th a t were generally sim ilar
to the tentative settlement reached earlier in the
year.9 The “skilled” workers received increases
of 35 cents retroactive to both Ju ly 1, 1965, and
Ju ly 1, 1966, and an additional 35 cents on Ju ly
1, 1967. The less-skilled operators got the same
increase as the skilled workers for the first 2 years
as well as 20 to 25 cents an hour on Ju ly 1,1967.
A vacation and out-of-work fund was estab­
lished, with contributions of 4 percent on Ju ly 1,
1966. The employees’ pension fund contribution
was increased on Ju ly 1, 1967, to 7 percent of the
wage rate, from 20 cents an hour for each hour
worked. A t the same time, employer contributions
to the health and welfare fund were increased to 5
percent, from 10 cents an hour, and the retraining
and apprenticeship training fund contribution was

6

C om prising C hairm an D a v id H . Stow e, a W a sh in g to n a rb itra ­
tor ; C harles M. R ehm us, p rofessor and codirector, I n s titu te of
Labor and In d u str ia l R elation s, U n iv e r sity o f M ichigan ; Jerre S.
W illiam s, p rofessor of law , U n iv e r sity of T exas.
See M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , N ovem ber 1966, pp. 1 2 7 5 -1 2 7 6 ,
for d e ta ils o f th e A m erican A ir lin e s settle m e n t.
F or d e ta ils of th e rejected settle m e n t, see M o n th ly L a b o r R e ­
v ie w , N ovem ber 1966, p. 1274.
F o r fu rth e r d e ta ils o f recom m en dation s, see M o n th ly L abor
R ev ie w , Septem ber 1966, pp. 9 9 0 -9 9 3 .

7
8
0

DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

changed to 1 percent of the wage rate, from 5
cents an hour. The settlement gave most of the
5,400 workers a package increase of $1,366 to
$1,932 an hour over the contract period.
The agreement contained a reopening clause
effective Ju ly 1, 1967, for the purpose of review­
ing or amending the wage rates in all classifi­
cations, the retraining and apprenticeship pro­
gram , the vacation and out-of-work fund, and the
welfare and pension funds. A t the tim e of the
reopening, efforts will be made to implement the
proposals designed to regularize employment
made by the Secretary of Labor W. W illard W irtz,
and the State Commissioner of Labor and I n ­
dustry Raymond Male. The amendments cannot
decrease the wages in effect as of June 30, 1967.
The Plum bing and Mechanical Contractors As­
sociation of Honolulu and the Plum bers and P ipe­
fitters Union signed a 3-year, $1.05 package agree­
ment giving 750 workers a 25-cent-an-hour wage
increase beginning September 19, 1966. The
plumbers also were to get an additional 30 cents
an hour on both A ugust 15, 1967, and August 15,
1968. The employers agreed to increase the health
and welfare fund contributions to 22 cents an hour,
from 17 cents, and to increase the pension fund
contribution 5 cents an hour w ith each increase
in wages. A nother provision of the contract will
enable the plumbers to retire w ith $400-a-month
pensions at age 60 after 25 years of service. The
previous scale was $4.75 an hour plus benefits.

Other Developments
Some 450 delegates to the National M aritime
Union (NM U) 14th triennial convention in New
York City heard President Joseph M. C urran
stress the need for a greater reliance on American
m erchant m arine shipping as opposed to “foreign
flag” vessels. Mr. C urran emphasized the loss of
jobs, safety factors, and “emergency” defense
needs in his call for a strengthened U.S. flag m er­
chant marine. H e also announced th at the NMU
plans to defer the reopening of its long-term con­
tract w ith American shipowners until next year.
Due to expire on June 15, 1969, the agreement
could be reopened in 1966 or 1967. Mr. C urran

10See

M o n th ly L a h o r R e v ie w , Septem ber 1964, p. 1073.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1401
explained th a t in 1967 the industry arbitrator
could take into account changes in general living
costs in addition to changes in wages and supple­
m entary benefits in the m aritim e industry since
June 15,1965. One of the resolutions adopted by
the delegates advocated the creation of an inde­
pendent m aritim e agency. O ther resolutions
called for increased shipbuilding, safety at sea,
and d raft deferment of active m erchant marine
seamen.
Thomas W. Gleason, president of the In te rn a ­
tional Longshoremen’s Association (IL A ), an­
nounced to NMU delegates th a t negotiations were
under way for possible m erger w ith the inde­
pendent International Longshoremen’s and W are­
housemen’s Union (IL W U ). The 116,000-mem­
ber IL A is predom inantly an E ast Coast long­
shoremen’s union, while the 60,000-member IL W U
is essentially a W est Coast union, with about 15,000
longshoremen members.
Over 2,200 delegates to the 15th convention of
the Laborers (form erly Hod Carriers) in St. Louis
heard President Joseph V. Moreschi outline a
broad “program for progress” th a t included ex­
panding organizing efforts, new services, and p ro ­
tection for members. Mr. Moreschi hailed a recent
NLRB decision th a t construction laborers’ units
were appropriate for purposes of collective b ar­
gaining. The delegates approved an expansion of
the union’s program of training to upgrade the
skills of construction members. Also approved
were increases in dues and contributions to the
pension fund.
Members of the Chemical W orkers, Cement
W orkers, M arine and Shipbuilding W orkers,
and the Paperm akers also convened in October.
In early October, the U.S. Circuit court of ap­
peals in Chicago upheld 2 to 1 the 1964 U.S. Dis­
trict Court pension fraud conviction of Teamsters
Union president Jam es R. Hoffa. The court also
upheld the conviction of six codefendants in the
1964 trial. Mr. Hoffa had been sentenced to 5
years in prison and fined $10,000 after he was
found guilty on one count of conspiracy and three
counts of fraud in Ju ly 1964. The trial involved
allegations th a t Mr. Hoffa and the six codefend­
ants conspired to defraud the Teamsters pension
fund of more than $20 million.10

Book Reviews
and Notes

False Pretense
The Economics of Inflationary Processes. By
K. K. F . Zawadzki. New York, Frederick A.
Praeger, Inc., 1966. 288 pp. $10.
The purpose of this book “ . . . is not to present
a new theory of inflation but to analyse . . . the
causes, mechanics and effects of inflationary proc­
esses . . .” T he approach is theoretical, concen­
tra tin g on the form al study of alternative
combinations of the forces generating infla­
tion. Given the preceding objectives and m eth­
odology, one would expect to find in this volume a
close examination of contemporary theories of in­
flation with some effort at synthesis and critical
evaluation. Such is not the case. Instead, we
have a turgid elaboration of one theory, th a t of
R alph Turvey’s 1951 contribution (“Some Aspects
of the Theory of Inflation,” Economic Journal,
1951).
The book opens w ith a two-chapter section
covering the nature of inflation. All inflations are
depicted as a struggle for real income between
social groups. The struggle is between consum­
ers, entrepreneurs, and the Government, the rela­
tive success of a group depending on the precise
nature of the inflation.
Zawadzki elaborates on this thesis in three suc­
ceeding chapters. F our types of inflation are
studied : struggle for income, excess demand, labor
shortage, and fully open inflation. The names
of these inflations are convenient, value-loaded
pigeonholes, but in economic term s the four names
simply represent inflation under the four possible
1402


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wage-price combinations. Respectively these a r e :
(1) cost determined prices and w ages; (2) flexible
prices and cost determined wages; (3) cost de­
term ined prices and flexible wages; and (4) flex­
ible prices and wages.
Inflation occurs when there is a disturbance in
the economic relationships between the groups in
society. The effects on these groups differ, de­
pending upon the nature of the relevant wageprice combination. F o r example, under labor
shortage inflation, entrepreneurs increase their
demand for labor in anticipation of a strong prod­
uct demand. W ages rise, and then cost deter­
mined prices rise. Since the wage increases pre­
cede the price increases, workers m aintain and even
expand their share of real income during the in­
flationary process. On the other hand, in excess
demand inflation, wages follow prices w ith a lag,
leaving workers with lower real incomes.
These chapters on the four types of inflation are
the most im portant of the book. The remaining
chapters examine the effects of inflation on relative
prices, a country’s international position, and eco­
nomic growth.
Overall, this study of inflation is unsuccessful.
W hy it should have been published a t this late date
is a puzzle. Zawadzki elaborates the ideas of
R alph Turvey, vintage 1951. There is no exami­
nation of alternative views on inflation which have
been developed since th a t time. Missing is any
reference to the work of Schultze. Not even the
Phillips curve analysis is mentioned. Yet Zawad­
zki expresses appreciation to Phillips in the
preface.
Not only is this book dated, but it is also poorly
written. The analysis is in a closely reasoned
w ritten style w ithout the use of equations and
diagrams. This should be refreshing to econo­
mists who have been subject to excessive em piri­
cism in recent years. Yet it is not. The written
style is clumsy and tedious. M odifying clauses
are dangling and misplaced. The subject of a sen­
tence is hard to find. The excessive use of intro­
ductory words within a paragraph is unbelievable.
—J oh n J . K lein
Professor of Economics
Fordham University

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

1403

Partial Analysis

.

Professional Negotiation in Public Education
By T. M. Stinnett, Jack H . Kleinmann,
M artha L. W are. New York, Macmillan Co.,
1966. 309 pp., bibliography. $6.95.
A timely and stim ulating addition to the litera­
ture on employment relations in the public sector,
this book is an “unofficial” statement of National
Education Association policy by three officials of
that organization. The development of negotia­
tions between school boards and teacher organiza­
tions through educational channels rather than
by collective bargaining is discussed.
There is a great deal of “how-to-do-it” m aterial
for local teacher organizations and school boards
interested in establishing and conducting negotia­
tions. F o r example, one of the chapters discusses:
legality of negotiations; subject m atter of negotia­
tions ; the role of the superintendent; scope of the
bargaining unit, including supervisors; exclusive
recognition; the use of sanctions; and grievance
and factfinding procedures.
The authors compare State laws and court de­
cisions now governing labor relations in education
and argue for the enactment of State laws legal­
izing negotiations for teachers under educational
channels as a means of encouraging professional
negotiations and of putting an end to the haggling
of school boards over the rights of teacher orga­
nizations to negotiate. They suggest th at State
legislation should provide for exclusive recogni­
tion, rules for implementing negotiations, proce­
dures for representation elections, discretion to in­
clude supervisors in negotiating units, mediation,
grievance appeal procedures, and factfinding
through educational channels, rather than labor
relations boards.
They express the hope, which the reviewer feels
is unrealistic, th a t superintendents can become and
remain effective intermediaries between teachers
and school boards, rather than becoming a repre­
sentative of management in negotiation.
Extended treatm ent is given to the N EA policy
of sanctions as distinguished from strike action,
but some of the determinations seem semantic
rather than substantive. Evidence of the N E A ’s
new look at negotiations is shown by their call for
a reappraisal of the compulsory membership and
the strike questions.


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The authors acknowledge th at they do not give
“equal time” to the Teacher U nion’s viewpoint on
collective bargaining, and their work, therefore,
is onesided in its analysis of substantive differences
between collective bargaining and professional ne­
gotiations.
Nevertheless, the book will be very useful to
superintendents, school board members, teachers’
organizations, and public employee neutrals con­
cerned with collective negotiations in education.
— A rvid A nderson
Commissioner Wisconsin Employment Relations Board

Struggling Generation

W

Kohler on Strike. By alter H . Uphoff. Boston,
Mass, Beacon Press, 1966. 449 pp. $7.50.
A book on labor conflict which has received
ringing praise in both the W all Street Journal and
the A F L -C IO ’s American Federationist can
hardly be fa u lte d ! So complete is W alter
Uphoff’s coverage of the famous strikes between
the Kohler Co. of Sheboygan and its workers’
unions th at it is likely to fascinate students for
years to come.
In Sheboygan, Wis., beginning in the early
1930’s, the family-owned plumbing fixture m anu­
facturing company and its workers entered into an
industrial conflict which lasted 30 years. Uphoff’s
chronicle of this event is useful as an exposition of
the traditional attitudes of management towards
the labor field, as well as the tactics it employed to
thw art unionism in the thirties.
The author grew up in Sheboygan and has de­
voted his under-graduate and graduate studies to
putting together the long history of this conflict.
So much of what Uphoff writes describes the
stereotyped struggle for industrial unionism ta k ­
ing place in the thirties. There is the well mean­
ing, paternalistic employer, “Giving a goose or
some other g ift to K ohler workers on special holi­
days or anniversaries, and aw arding the tra d i­
tional gold watches for 25 years of service . . .” ;
the company’s president in genuine sorrow when
“his” workers take to unionism ; the resistance to
“outside” agitators—this in the face of the fact
th at the Kohler union was as rem arkably an indig­
enous phenomenon as was the company itse lf; the

1404
growing frustrations of the originally sponsored
company union which had been employed to defeat
the “outside” A F L ; and, finally, the tu rn by the
company union leaders to the U A W , as their in ­
ability to deal w ith K ohler mounted.
All of the foregoing is reasonably fam iliar.
W hat is out of joint in the K ohler case is the longbitter struggle which began as recently as the mid1950’s. The 1934 strike was more violent, with sev­
eral deaths, and the perm anent loss of employ­
ment by the union’s first leaders as exam ples; but
these instances were not so exceptional in th at era.
The U A W was voted in by 1952, but the company
and union failed to reach a new agreement in 1954,
and thus began an 11-year strike.
W hat is hard to comprehend is the company’s
persistent efforts to break unionism at th a t late
date. Once more the account of outside “agi­
tators,” the accumulation of a private Kohler
Company arsenal of shotguns, revolvers, gas riot
guns, gas shells and the like, the deputizing of top
company officials by the Sheboygan sheriff—these
and like company tactics give the reader the eerie
feeling th a t he is really back in the early 1930’s.
This is not labor relations of the 1950’s. Em ploy­
ers certainly continue to resist unionism in many
parts of the U.S.A., but not with these tactics.
Uphoff barely considers the reasons for the
special, enduring qualities of employer resistance.
W e find a stray reference or two to Germanic or
A ustrian traditions. I t would seem th a t a kind of
fam ilistic-paternalistic pattern did lie close to the
heart of the Kohler Company’s feudal-type of
resistance to the union. Publicly owned corpora­
tions can hardly tolerate th a t kind of personal
resistance to “modernism.”
By the same token, it hardly seems likely th at
the union could have endured during the fru s­
tra tin g 11 years without some of the same
persistence and doggedness, when hundreds of
its members were out of Kohler. Needless to
say, the workers also could not have endured
without the support of the UAW . H arvey Kitzman, U A W regional director in Wisconsin, was
warned by sympathetic outsiders it would take “a
million dollars” to win when he accepted the chal­


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

lenge in 1951—a challenge which another union
rejected on a cash-calculated basis. Once the
struggle was over, and a thousand workers were
finally ordered returned to employment by the
N LBB and awarded $4.5 million in back pay
from the company, the U A W had spent over $13
million, according to the book.
Labor relations in most of America, w ith the ex­
ception of parts of the South, have moved past the
feudalistic fram ework which Uphoff describes.
H is work offers us, however, a depth picture of a
strike which spells out much of w hat labor con­
flict and labor history were like as modern, mass
industry unionism was coming into being.
— E verett M. K assalow
Department of Economics
University of Wisconsin

Analytical Apex

,

,

Unemployment Money Wage Rates and Inflation.
By George L. Perry. Cambridge, Mass.
The M .I.T. Press, 1966. 143 pp. $6.
Professor P erry has written the most careful
analysis yet developed of the m ajor factors as­
sociated w ith the rate of change of money wage
rates in the m anufacturing sector of the American
economy. Following a brief review of some of the
earlier studies of this problem in the B ritish and
American economies by Phillips and others, P erry
develops his own quarterly model based upon ob­
servations over the period from 1948 to 1960. The
final form of the “preferred” equation which
emerges from his analysis incorporates as “explan­
atory” variables the rate of unemployment, the
rate of change in the Consumer Price Index, the
rate of profits in m anufacturing, and the change
in the rate of profits.
The statistical results of the study are then used
as the basis for an interesting discussion of policy
implications for the unemployment—inflation
tradeoff in the U nited States. U sing the regres­
sion coefficients for the profits and unemployment
variables, P erry estimates the rates of inflation
which would be associated with varying combina-

1405

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

tions of unemployment, profits, and productivity
in the future. Should past relationships hold, the
predictions which emerge are perhaps mildly en­
couraging, particularly in view of our current rate
of inflationary pressures. Assuming a rate of un­
employment of 4 percent, a rate of productivity
increase of 3 percent, and a m anufacturing rate of
after tax profit of 12 percent (the actual rate was
approxim ately 13 percent in 1965), P e rry ’s analy­
sis yields a price rise of about 21/4 to 21/4 percent
per year. W hile this is not price stability (which
could only be achieved with a 5-percent or greater
rate of unemployment), it is at least within the
probable range of public acceptability. F o r unem­
ployment rates in the range of 3 to 3.5 percent,
however, the expected rate of inflation would be
well above 3 percent per year.
Inevitably, questions arise in the m ind of any re­
viewer as to the appropriateness of the particular
variables which are presumed to “explain” wage
changes. W hile the rate of unemployment and the
rate of profit suggest reasonable a priori hypoth­
eses regarding the relationship between the
states of the labor and product m arkets and wage
adjustments, changes in the cost of living and
wages are so close to equivalent m anifestations of
the same underlying economic processes, th at the
im putation of a line of causation from the former
to the latter seems questionable. On quite a
different level, greater stress should be placed on
the caveat th at the entire analysis rests almost ex­
clusively on m anufacturing data. W hether or not
the relationships found in m anufacturing can be
generalized to the economy as a whole deserves
more attention than it has thus far attracted among
economists.
These observations, however, should not detract
at all from the fact th at P e rry ’s analysis is a
thorough, valuable, and imaginative contribution
to the analysis of the inflation problem in the
U nited States. The book is well written, lucid in
style, and not too technical in its presentation. I t
can be highly recommended to anyone interested in
gaining greater insight into the problems associ­
ated with achieving both full employment and
reasonable price stability.


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— H arold M. L evinson
Department of Economics
University of Michigan

Complex Rivalry
Patterns of Competitive Coexistence: U SA vs.
USSR: E dited by Young H um Kim. New
York, G. P. P utnam ’s Sons, 1966. 484 pp.
$7.95.
In the preface the editor w rites: “. . . The re­
cession of the threat of nuclear w ar has created an
excellent opportunity for the rival camps to com­
pete on economic, social, political, cultural, and
ideological—all but m ilitary—battlefields in dem­
onstrating which of the two—democracy or com­
munism—would more effectively eliminate hum an
misery and poverty.” The book is then divided
into several sections th a t attem pt to delineate both
U.S. and Soviet strategy in this competition.
There are 48 contributions—three to a chapter,
and four chapters to each of four parts. I n mov­
ing from P a rt One to P a rt Four, the theme of
competition changes gradually to the theme of co­
existence. The first p a rt entitled, “Struggle for
Strength” concentrates on m ilitary, economic, and
institutional resources of each county. “Struggle
for Superiority,” P a rt Two, focuses on ideology,
national goals, and the development of science and
technology, including the race into space. P a rt
Three concentrates on “Trade, Aid, and the
Aided,” describing the needs of the developing
“uncommitted” nations, the aid efforts of the
U nited States and U.S.S.R., and their relative
effectiveness in meeting needs. Finally, P a rt F our
takes up the “A lternative to A nnihilation”—the
disarmam ent negotiations, the test-ban treaty, and
common interests in peace. The contributors
range from Khrushchev to PIUAC, and include
academicians as well as politicians.
This book should serve its purpose of providing
students of international politics with comprehen­
sive reading m aterials “to better understand the
complex nature and scope of ‘competitive coexist­
ence.’ ” Some greater balance between Russian
and American source m aterials would have been
desirable, as well as closer attention to recent de­
velopments in M ainland China-Soviet relation­
ships. A few of the chapters—those on education
particularly—are of direct relevance to problems
of labor and industrial relations.
— S olomon B. L evine
Center for Asian Studies
University of Illinois

1406

Indian Lore
The American Indian—Perspectives for the Study
of Social Change. By F red Eggan. Chi­
cago, Aldine Publishing Co., 1966. 193 pp.
$5.75.
In this brief work, which is a revision of the
1964 Lewis H enry M organ Lectures delivered by
Professor E ggan at the U niversity of Rochester,
the author provides an excellent summary of the
development of current thinking concerning the
historical evolution of the social organizations of
four widely diverse Indian tribal groups—the
Choctaw of the Southeast, the Cheyenne and A rapaho of the Plains area, the Ojibwa of the Great
Lakes region, and the Pueblo Indians of the South­
west. In each of these case studies, the author
skillfully summarizes the slow accumulation of re­
search findings whereby M organ’s grandiose theo­
retical speculations could be tested, and reveals
where the great pioneer of social anthropology was
led astray by the tem ptation of prem ature general­
ization and the ethnocentrism which was still so
powerful in his day.
In addition to providing us w ith an appreciation
of the great diversity of kinship patterns and re­
lated forms of social organization to be found
among American Indian groups, Professor E ggan
demonstrates th a t kinship systems, which Morgan
regarded as fixed indicators of genetic linkages, are
themselves responsive to changing social conditions
and ecological requirements. In other words, a
society’s kinship system (which underlies its
fam ily structure) can and does adapt itself to
changing circumstances. W hat may appear to be
“dissolution” from the perspective of a less-dis­
turbed culture may in fact represent a process of
adaptation which eventuates in a more viable form.
In reading this work, one is forcibly reminded
of the dangers of generalizing about any ethnic
m inority which is caught in the painful processes
of acculturation and assimilation. To speak of
“the” American Indian is to engage in a kind of
simplification which all too often ignores or fails
to recognize contradictory evidence which may lie
just around the corner. Professor E ggan manages
to bring the reader around quite a few corners, and
in doing so, enhances our appreciation of the prog­
ress achieved by social anthropologists since M or­
gan’s day.


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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

The treatm ent given in this book to the perplex­
ing problem of the relation between American
Indians and the larger society is fa r too 'brief to
provide a satisfactory picture of the issues in­
volved. F o r over 150 years, governmental policies
toward American Indians have covered the full
spectrum from m ilitary hostilities and forcible re­
moval of Indians to the establishment of program s
aimed at revitalizing the social and economic or­
ganizations of the reservation Indians. As P ro ­
fessor E ggan points out, the problems posed by the
conflict between traditional Indian cultural values
and the pressures of acculturation and assimilation
into the m ainstream of American life are essen­
tially the same as the problems being encountered
on a fa r larger scale in the painful process of eco­
nomic development throughout the underde­
veloped world. F o r this reason, the history of the
American Indians in this country contains a wealth
of useful lessons for all who are concerned w ith the
modernization process and its social implications.
— D e n is F . J ohnston
Division of Population and Labor Force Studies
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Disagreement Without Debate
Labor in a Changing America. E dited by W il­
liam Haber. New York, Basic Books, Inc.,
Publishers, 1966. 341 pp. $5.95.
O riginating in the Voice of America “Forum ”
series, this volume of essays is an interesting in ­
troduction to the position of labor in the U nited
States and the complexities and varieties of its in­
stitutions and objectives. The reader, however,
will be somewhat puzzled by the omission of cer­
tain subjects and the lack of integration. The
problem seems to be th a t the contributing experts
are more concerned w ith their own specialties
than w ith their relevance to the overall subject.
Nonetheless, the two dozen or so contributors,
including well-known labor economists and sev­
eral union officials, have w ritten essays which are
generally clear and nontechnical. F o r example,
O tto Eckstein presents the case for the aggregate
demand approach to full employment in 8 pages;
A lbert Rees gives a concise statement of labor
force concepts, data, and analysis in 11 pages,
while Charles Gregory reviews government con-

1407

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES

trol and regulation of unions during the 20th cen­
tury in 14 pages.
These and other topics—income distribution,
union growth, union philosophy, social security—
are expertly summarized with extraneous material
kept to a minimum. Only occasionally does a
writer stray from objectivity and insert such
phrases as “our” national unions, or the ethical
values in which “we believe.”
But summaries of traditional fields of study
may be a poor way of describing the changing is­
sues that dominate the American scene. The
problem of poverty in the United States receives
scant attention, except in the rather optimistic re­
view of income trends by Robert J. Lampman.
The position of the Negro in the urban ghetto is
touched upon only tangentially by F. Ray Mar­
shall’s summary of union-Negro relationships.
Omitted entirely are questions of labor mobility
and of wage-price guideline policies.
On certain issues, the reader would have ap­
preciated an interexchange of views among con­
tributors. Charles C. Killingsworth’s statement
on unemployment does not directly reply to Eck­
stein’s position and the latter’s belief that the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 will remedy the admitted
deterioration of employment opportunities for
Negroes, which is hardly convincing, remains
unchallenged.

a n d T e c h n ic a l E d u c a tio n . By Arthur J.
Corazzini. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, In­
dustrial Relations Section, September 1966. 4 pp.
( Selected References 131.) 40 cents.

V o c a tio n a l

T h e E d u c a tio n a l P r o c e s s a s a n I n s t r u m e n t o f S o c ia l
C h a n g e a n d D e v e lo p m e n t a t th e L o c a l L e v e l. (From
R e p o r t o f th e W o r ld S o c ia l S i tu a tio n , P t. I, pp. 51-

61.) New York, United Nations, Economic and Social
Council, 1966. (E/CN. 5/402.)
S u m m a r y R e p o r t o f V o c a tio n a l-T e c h n ic a l P r o g r a m D e ­
v e lo p m e n t b y S t a t e s . Washington, U.S. Department

of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1966.

50 pp.

T h e E c o n o m ic E f f e c tiv e n e s s o f R e tr a in in g th e
p lo y e d . A study of the benefits and costs of

U n em ­

retrain­
ing the unemployed based on the experience of work­
ers in Connecticut. By Michael E. Borus. Boston,
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 1966. 219 pp.,
bibliography. (Research Report 35.)

R e s e a r c h o n G e n e r a l V o c a tio n a l C a p a b ilitie s ( S k i l ls a n d
K n o w l e d g e s ) — F in a l R e p o r t. By James W. Altman.

Pittsburgh, Pa., American Institutes for Research,
Institute of Performance Technology, 1966. 151 pp.
By Charles Adams and Samaria
Kimball. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co., 1966. 299 pp. $3.25.

C a r e e r F a c ts : 1966-61.

D a t a P r o c e s s in g C a r e e r s D e m a n d N e w A p p r o a c h e s . By
Harold Jarrett. { I n Computers and Automation,

Newtonville, Mass., September 1966, pp. 16-17.)

Employee Benefits
— E verett J . B urtt , J r .
Chairman, Economics Department
Boston University

Washington, Chamber of Com­
merce o f the United States, 1966. 31 pp. $1.

F r in g e B e n e f its , 1965.

By Harland Fox. { I n
Conference Board Record, National Industrial Con­
ference Board, New York, October 1966, pp. 16-19.)

T o p E x e c u ti v e P e n s io n B e n e fits .

T ea ch ers.
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ton, October 1966, pp. 72-79. 60 cents.)

Other Recent Publications

L ea v es of A bsen ce fo r

Education and Training

Health and Safety

By Charles S.
Benson. Chicago, Science Research Associates, Inc.,
1966. 117 pp., bibliography.

T h e S c h o o l a n d th e E c o n o m ic S y s te m .

O c c u p a tio n a l a n d I n d u s t r i a l H e a l t h : A L o o k T o w a r d th e
F u tu r e . By Henry F. Howe, M.D. { I n Industrial

Medicine and Surgery, Sheboygan, Wis., September
1966, pp. 741-744. $1.50.)

T h e R o le o f th e T e a c h e r in E d u c a tio n a l D e c is io n M a k in g .

By Benjamin Solomon. Chicago, University of Chi­
cago, Industrial Relations Center, 1966. 16 pp. ( Re­
print Series 125 ; from Changing Education, Spring
1966.)


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L e is u r e T im e — I t s E f f e c t U p o n H e a lth . By
Lawrence L. Suhm. ( I n Industrial Medicine and
Surgery, Sheboygan, Wis., September 1966, pp. 749753. $1.50.)

In crea sed

1408

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

R e p o r t o f W o r k I n ju r i e s to M in o r s U n d e r 18 Y e a r s o f
A g e . A study of 18 months’ experience reported by

28 States, 1964-65. Washington, U.S. Department
of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, 1966. 25 pp.
(Bulletin 282.)

M u tu a l S u r v iv a l : T h e G o a l o f U n io n s a n d M a n a g e m e n t.

By E. Wight Bakke. Hamden, Conn., Archon Books,
1966. 116 pp. 2d ed.
P u b lic E m p lo y m e n t F a c t- F in d in g in F o u r te e n S t a t e s .
Edward B. Krinsky. ( I n Labor Law Journal,

By
Chi­

$1.35.)

P u b lic E m p lo y m e n t, C o lle c tiv e B a r g a in in g , a n d th e C o n ­
v e n tio n a l W is d o m : U .S .A . a n d C a n a d a . By W. B.
Cunningham. ( I n Industrial Relations, Laval Uni­

versity, Department of Industrial Relations, Quebec,
July 1966, pp. 406-435. $1.50.)
E n fo rce m en t

o f N o - S tr ik e C la u s e s b y I n ju n c tio n .
Moskowitz. ( I n Boston University Law

George
view, Boston, Summer 1966, pp. 343-360.

By
Re­

$1.50.)

A r b i t r a t io n o f G r ie v a n c e s U n d e r C o lle c tiv e L a b o r A g r e e ­
m e n ts . By Charles O. Gregory. ( I n Georgia Law

Review, Athens, Fall 1966, pp. 20-37.

By Thomas J.
Academy of Po­
litical and Social Science, Philadelphia, September
1966, pp. 33-42. $2.50; $2 to Academy members.)

S c ie n tific P e r s o n n e l a n d th e P r o f e s s io n s .
Mills. ( I n Annals of the American

Industrial Relations

cago, September 1966, pp. 532-540.

By Bruno
Stein and Cho-kin Leung. Washington, U.S. Depart­
ment of Labor, Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation,
and Research, 1966. 150 pp.

L o c a l M a n p m v e r D a t a P r o g r a m s : A n A n a ly s is .

$1.75.)

W e a th e r in g L a y o f f s i n a S m a ll C o m m u n ity : C a se S tu d ie s
o f D is p la c e d P o t t e r y a n d C a r p e t- M ill W o r k e r s . Wash­

ington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1966. 83 pp. (Bulletin 1516.) 45 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
M ig r a tio n D i f f e r e n t ia l s in L a b o r F o r c e P a r t ic i p a ti o n :
U n ite d S t a t e s , 1960. By Ann R. Miller.
( I n Demog­

raphy, Population Association of America, Chicago,
Vol. 3, No. 1,1966, pp. 58-67.)
By Frank L. Mott. ( I n Annals
of the American Academy of Political and Social Sci­
ence, Philadelphia, September 1966, pp. 23-32. $2.50 ;
$2 to Academy members.)

T h e I m m ig r a n t W o r k e r .

M a r r ie d W o m e n in th e L a b o r F o r c e — A n E c o n o m ic A n a l y ­
sis. By Glen G. Cain. Chicago, University of Chi­

cago Press, 1966.
G r ie v a n c e a n d A r b i t r a t io n P r o c e d u r e s in C o lle c tiv e B a r ­
g a in in g A g r e e m e n ts . By Elvis C. Stephens.
(In

Business Studies, North Texas State University,
School of Business Administration, Denton, Tex.,
Fall 1966, pp. 47-52. $1.25.)
T h e I m p a c t o f th e E m e r g in g F e d e r a l L a iv o f G r ie v a n c e
A r b i t r a t io n on J u d g e s , A r b i t r a t o r s , a n d P a r t ie s . By
Russell A. Smith and Dallas A. Jones. ( I n Virginia

Law Review, Charlottesville, June 1966, pp. 831-912.
$

2.)

L o c k o u ts . By William Feldesman and Robert F. Koretz.
( I n Boston University Law Review, Boston, Summer

1966, pp. 329-342.

L a b o r a n d th e A n t i t r u s t L a w s : P e n n in g to n a n d J e w e l T ea .
By Archibald Cox. ( I n Boston University Law Re­

$1.50.)

Labor Force
O c c u p a tio n a l E m p lo y m e n t S t a t i s t i c s — S o u r c e s a n d D a ta .

By Harry Greenspan and Joseph J. Kilgallon. Wash­
ington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1966. 87 pp. (Report 305.)
S e m in a r o n M a n p o w e r P o lic y a n d P r o g r a m : E x p a n d in g
E m p lo y m e n t in th e P l u r a l is ti c E c o n o m y . By Eli

Ginzberg. Washington, U.S. Department of Labor,
Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation, and Research,
1966. 36 pp.


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$6.50.

( I n Women’s
Bureau Bulletin, Canada Department of Labor, Ot­
tawa, October 1966,18 pp.)

W o m e n a n d P a r t- T im e W o r k in C a n a d a .

Report of
the Departmental Task Force on Social Work Edu­
cation and Manpower. Washington, U.S. Depart­
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of the
Under Secretary, 1966. 90 pp., bibliography. 55
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.

C lo sin g th e G a p in S o c ia l W o r k M a n p o w e r .

M an pow er

in

S o c ia l

W e lf a r e :

R esearch

P e r s p e c tiv e s .

Edited by Edward E. Schwartz. New York, National
Association of Social Workers, 1966. 160 pp.

$1.50.)

view, Boston, Summer 1966, pp. 317-328.

159 pp.

San Fran­
cisco, State of California Department of Employment,
Farm Labor Service, 1966. 68 pp.

C a lifo r n ia A n n u a l F a r m L a b o r R e p o r t, 1965.

E q u a l J u s ti c e in an U n e q u a l W o r ld : E q u a l i ty f o r th e N e ­
g r o — T h e P r o b le m o f S p e c ia l T r e a tm e n t. By John
Kaplin. ( I n Northwestern University Law Review,

Chicago, July-August 1966, pp. 363-410.

$2.50.)

T h e N e x t T w e n ty Y e a r s : A F o r e c a s t o f P o p u la tio n a n d
J o b s in th e N e iv Y o r k - N e w J e r s e y - C o n n e c t i c u t M e tr o ­
p o lita n R e g io n , 1 9 6 5 -1 9 8 5 . New York, Port of New

York Authority, Planning and Development Depart­
ment, 1966. 32 pp.

1409

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
M ig r a tio n B e tw e e n C a n a d a a n d th e U n ite d S t a t e s . By
K. V. Pankhurst. ( I n Annals of the American Acad­

emy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia,
September 1966, pp. 53^62. $2.50; $2 to Academy
members.)

Personnel Management

Productivity and Technological Change
(July
1957 Through December 1964.) Washington, U.S. De­
partment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1966.
129 pp. (Bulletin 1514.) 65 cents, Superintendent of
Documents, Washington.

P r o d u c t i v i t y : A s e le c te d A n n o ta te d B ib lio g r a p h y .

By Gerald H. Graham. ( I n Personnel
Journal, Swarthmore, Pa., October 1966, pp. 544-547.
75 cents.)

I n d e x e s o f O u tp u t p e r M a n -H o u r— S t e e l I n d u s tr y , 1 9 4 7 -6 5 .

I m p l ic a t io n s o f th e C o ffee B r e a k . By
Gary S. Felton. ( I n Journal of Human Relations,
Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, Third
Quarter, 1966, pp. 434-449. $1.50.)

I n d e x e s o f O u tp u t p e r E m p lo y e e — A i r T r a n s p o r ta tio n I n ­
d u s tr y , 1947- 64 . Washington, U.S. Department of

T u r n o v e r D a t a to I m p r o v e W a g e S u r v e y s . By
Joseph C. Ullman. ( I n Personnel Journal, Swarth­
more, Pa,, October 1966, pp. 528-531. 75 cents.)

T e c h n o lo g ic a l

J o h S a t i s f a c tio n .

P s y c h o s o c ia l

U s in g

f o r “I n te r n a t io n a l ” P e r s o n n e l W o r k . By
C. David Wilkerson. ( I n Conference Board Record,
National Industrial Conference Board, New York,
October 1966, pp. 27-32.)

O r g a n iz in g

E c o n o m y : I n c e n t i v e s U n d e r C o m m u n ism . By
Jeanne Kuebler. Washington, Editorial Research
Reports, 1966. 18 pp. (1966, Vol. II, No. 11.) $2.

Washington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1966. 25 pp. (BLS Report 306.)

Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1966.
Report 308.)
T ren d s

in

M a jo r

A m e r ic a n

14 pp. (BLS

I n d u s tr ie s .

Washington, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1966. 269 pp., bibliography. (Bul­
letin 1474.) $1.50, Superindent of Documents, Wash­
ington.
By A. J. Jaffe. ( I n Demog­
raphy, Population Association of America, Chicago,
Vol. 3, No. 1,1966, pp. 35^6.)

E d u c a tio n a n d A u to m a tio n .

S o v ie t

Prices and Consumption Economics
Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Wash­
ington, August 1966, pp. 1077-1089. 60 cents.)

T h e R i s e in P r ic e s .

(In

Stockholm,
33 pp. Table of con­

K o n s u m e n tp r is e r och I n d e x b e r ü k n in g e r , 1965.

Statistiska Centralbyrän, 1966.
tents and summary in English.

A n A n a l y s i s o f P r o p o s e d F e d e r a l L e g i s l a t io n C o v e r in g
C o n s u m e r I n s t a l m e n t C r e d it. By Ray McAlister. ( I n

Business Studies, North Texas State University,
School of Business Administration, Denton, Tex., Fall
1966, pp. 31^0. $1.25.)
By
Na­
tional Industrial Conference Board, New York, Sep­
tember 1966, pp. 31—36 and October 1966, pp. 40-42.)

T h e C h a n g in g G e o g r a p h y o f D e m a n d : P a r t s I a n d I I .
Fabian Linden. ( I n Conference Board Record,

S u r v e y o f E c o n o m ic T h e o r y on T e c h n o lo g ic a l C h a n g e &
E m p lo y m e n t. By Alexander Gourvitch. New York,

Augustus M. Kelley, Publishers, 1966; first published
in 1940. 252 pp. (Reprints of Economic Classics.)
M o d e m B u s in e s s D a t a P r o c e s s in g . By
Beryl Robichaud. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Gregg Division, 1966. 310 pp. $5.95.

U n d e r s ta n d in g

C o lle c tiv e A g r e e m e n t P r o v is io n s R e g a r d in g T e c h n o lo g ic a l
C h a n g e s [ S e le c te d C a n a d ia n I n d u s t r i e s ]. By Félix
Quinet. ( I n Industrial Relations, Laval University,

Department of Industrial Relations, Quebec, July
1966, pp. 370-380. Also in French. $1.50.)
By W. K. de Bruijn. ( I n Data­
mation, New York, September 1966, pp. 25-27. $1.50.)

A u to m a tio n in E u r o p e .

Social Security
S o c ia l S e c u r i t y H o u s e h o ld W o r k e r S t a t i s t i c s , 1963, W ith
S e le c te d P r e li m in a r y E s t i m a t e s f o r 1 9 6 4 • Washing­

ton, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wel­
fare, Social Security Administration, 1966. 12 pp.
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Manpower Management, Washington, September 1966,
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Washington. )

T h e A m e n d e d I n j u r y C o m p e n s a tio n A c t.

By Ryokichi
Review of Far
Eastern Affairs, Foreign Affairs Association of Japan,
Tokyo, May 1966, pp. 520-539.)

P e o p le 's L iv i n g A f t e r E c o n o m ic G r o w th .
Minobe. ( I n Contemporary Japan: A


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1410
By Wil­
liam A. MacColl, M.D. Washington, Public Affairs
Press, 1966. 257 pp., bibliography. $4.50, cloth;
$2.50, paperback.

G ro u p P r a c ti c e & P r e p a y m e n t o f M e d ic a l C a re .

By C. E. Ferguson. Homewood,
111., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1966. 439 pp., bibliogra­
phy. $10.65.

M ic r o e c o n o m ic T h e o r y .

By Cecil
H. Meyers. Belmont, Calif., Wadsworth Publishing
Co., Inc., 1966. 496 pp. $11.95.

E l e m e n t a r y B u s in e s s a n d E c o n o m ic S t a t i s t i c s .
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c e r n in g O ld -A g e , I n v a l i d i t y a n d S u r v i v o r s ’ P e n s io n s .

Geneva, International Labor Office, 1966. 99 pp. (Re­
port IV (1) prepared for International Labor Con­
ference, 51st session, 1967.) $1. Distributed in
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V ie iv s o f A m e r ic a n E c o n o m ic G r o w th : T h e I n d u s t r i a l E ra .

Wages and Hours
A re a W a g e S u r v e y : T h e L ittle R o c k -N o r th L ittle R o ck ,
A r k ., M e tr o p o lita n A r e a , A u g u s t 1966. Washington,

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1966. 31 pp. (Bulletin 1530-1.) 25 cents, Superin­
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letins in this series include the metropolitan areas of
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1965.
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P o v e r ty

Current Labor Statistics
TABLES
A .A.—Labor
Force and Employment1
1412
1412
1413
1413
1414
1414

1415
1420
1424
1424
1425

A -l.
A-2.
A-3.
A-4.
A-5.
A-6.
A-7.
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A - ll.
A -l 2.
A-13.

Summary employment and unemployment estimates, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted rates of unemployment
Rates of unemployment, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
Employed persons, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted2
Total employment and unemployment rates, by occupation, seasonally adjusted 2
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups, seasonally adjusted
Production workers in manufacturing industries, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment insurance and employment service program operations

B.—
1426

B -l.

C. —Earnings and Hours
1429
1442
1442

C -l.
C-2.
C-3.

1443
1445
1445

C-4.
C-5.
C-6.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers, by industry
Average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, of production workers in selected industries
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry
group
Average weekly overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by industry
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities
Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production workers in manufacturing

D. —Consumer and Wholesale Prices
1446

D -l.

1447

D -2.

1448
1449
1451
1452

D -3.
D -4.
D -5.
D -6.

Consumer Price Index'—U.S. city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, all items’
groups, subgroups, and special groups of items
Consumer Price Index—-U.S. city average for urban wage earners and clerical worker's, selected groups,
subgroups, and special groups of items, seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index— U.S. and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical workers
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing and durability of product

E.—Work Stoppages
1453

E - l.

Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes

F.—Work Injuries
F -l.

Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries 2

1Tables A -l through A-6 are new monthly tables; A-7 and A-8 will appear quarterly, January, April, July, and October issues of the Review.
A-9 through A-13 were formerly numbered A-2 through A-6. Old table A -l has been discontinued.
2This table will not be published after October 1966. See note on p. 1338.

Tables

N ote : With the exceptions noted, the statistical series here from the Bureau of Labor Statistics are described in Techniques of Preparing Major B L S Statisti­
cal Series (BLS Bulletin 1168,1954), and cover the United States without Alaska and Hawaii.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1411

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1412

A.—Labor Force and Employment
T able A -l.

Summary employment and unemployment estimates, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

Nov.
1966

Employment status

Oct.
1966

Sept.
1966

Aug.
1966

July
1966

June
1966

M ay
1966

Apr.
1966

Mar.
1966

Feb.
1966

Jan.
1966

Dec.
1965

Nov.

Annual
average

1965
1965

1964

78, 357
75,635
72,179
4, 585
67, 594
3, 456

76,971
74,233
70,357
4, 761
65, 596
3,876

Civilian labor force___
.
. . . ----- 44,753 44,610 44,666 44,833 44, 744 44, 780 44, 661 44, 836 44, 822 44,823 44,788 44, 751 44, 565 44, 857
43,671 43, 540 43, 583 43,691 43, 585 43, 621 43, 597 43,772 43, 664 43, 680 43, 604 43, 579 43,330 43, 422
_____ . . .
Employed________
A griculture.. . --------------------- . 2,807 2,808 2,884 2,855 2,854 2, 860 2, 861 3, 035 2, 980 2,990 2,936 3, 035 2,933 3,174
40,864 40,732 40, 699 40,836 40, 731 40,761 40,736 40, 737 40, 684 40, 690 40,668 40, 544 40,397 40,248
Nonagricultural in d u s tr ie s ..---1,082 1,070 1,083 1,142 1,159 1,159 1, 064 1, 064 1,158 1,143 1,184 1,172 1,235 1,435
U nem ployed... . . ______________

44,604
42,886
3,303
39, 583
1,718

T otal
Total labor force----- ----------- - ----- ... —
Civilian labor force_____
Em ployed_______________
---------Agriculture___ _
. --------------Nonagricultural industries.
Unemployed_______ ___ . . . .

M en , 20 Y ears

and

81, 249
77,927
75, 076
4,108
70,968
2,851

80,414
77,135
74,163
3,971
70,192
2,972

80,342
77,113
74,165
4,049
70,116
2,948

80, 549
77, 371
74,338
4,158
70,180
3,033

80, 233
77, 098
74, 072
4,144
69, 928
3, 026

80,185
77, 086
73, 997
4,238
69, 759
3, 089

79, 313
76, 268
73,231
4, 076
69,155
3, 037

79, 674
76, 666
73, 799
4, 482
69,317
2,867

79,315
76,341
73, 435
4,363
69, 072
2,906

79, 279
76, 355
73, 521
4, 442
69, 079
2,834

79, 644 79, 408 78,906
76,754 76, 567 76, 111
73,715 73, 441 72, 914
4, 429 4, 486 4,273
69, 286 68, 955 68, 641
3, 039 3,126 3,197

Over

W o m e n , 20 Y e a r s a n d O v e r

Civilian labor force------ ------------------- ------ 25,181 24,860 24,930 24,481 24,313 24, 226 24, 082 24, 000 23,899 24, 016 24,145 24,121 23,967 23, 687
Employed_______ . . . -------------------- 24,294 23,868 23,982 23, 527 23, 425 23,286 23,121 23,133 23, 045 23,145 23, 228 23,157 22, 937 22, 630
748
769
684
754
765
632
732
682
728
656
633
647
687
593
Agriculture____ . . .
-- -------23,638 23, 275 23,349 22,880 22,738 22, 604 22, 489 22, 405 22,313 22,391 22, 463 22,388 22, 253 21,882
Nonagricultural industries.
1,
056
1,030
964
917
961
854
871
867
887
954
888 940
Unemployed_________ _____________
992
948

23, 098
21, 903
757
21,146
1,195

B oth Sexes , 14-19 Y ears
7, 993
Civilian labor force____
7,111
Employed_____ _________________
645
A griculture..
. . . _________
Nonagricultural industries.
6,466
882
U nem ployed... . ----------------------------

7, 665
6,755
570
6,185
910

T able A -2.

Nov.
1966

S e lec te d u n e m p l o y m e n t rates

7, 517
6,600
532
6,068
917

8,057
7,120
656
6, 464
937

8, 041

7, 062
603
6, 459
979

8,080
7, 090
696
6, 394
990

7,525
6, 513
583
5, 930

1,012

7,830
6, 894
719
6,175
936

7,620
6,726
651
6,075
894

7, 516
6,696
698
5,998
820

7, 821
6, 883
728
6,155
938

7,695
6,705
682
6,023
990

7, 579
6, 647
656
5,991
932

Dec.
1965

Nov.
1965

7, 091
6,127
663
5, 464
964

6,531
5, 568
702
4, 867
963

Seasonally ad ju sted rates of unem ploym ent

O ct.
1966

Sept.
1966

Aug.
1966

July
1966

June
1966

M ay
1966

Apr.
1966

M ar.
1966

Feb.
1966

Jan.
1966

Annual
average

1965

1964

T o t a l (a ll c i v i l i a n w o r k e r s ) _____. . . . .
..
M e n , 20 y e a r s a n d o v e r . . . _
__________ __ _ .
2 0 -2 4 y e a r s . . .
25 y e a r s a n d o v e r ___ __ ___ _ ___
W o m e n , 20 y e a r s a n d o v e r . . . .
.
B o t h s e x e s , 1 4 -1 9 y e a r s . . . . . . .
.. ..

3.7
2.4
5.0
2.2
3.5
11.0

3.9
2.4
4 .2
2.1
4.0
11.9

3.8
2.4
4.3
2.2
3.8
12.2

3.9
2.5
4.8
2.3
3.9
11.6

3.9
2.6
3.6
2.5
3.7
12.2

4.0
2.6
5.0
2.3
3.9
12.3

4.0
2.4
4.9
2.1
4.0
13.4

3.7
2.4
4.3
2.1
3.6
12.0

3.8
2.6
5.0
2.3
3.6
11.7

3.7
2.6
4.4
2.3
3.6
10.9

4.0
2.6
4.2
2.5
3.8
12.0

4 .1
2.6
5 .1
2.3
4.0
12.9

4.2
2.8
5.7
2.5
4.3
12.3

4.6
3.2
6.3
2.8
4.5
13.6

5.2
3.9
8.1
3.3
5.2
14.7

W h i t e w o r k e r s ____
............
N o n w h ite w o r k e r s..
.
. . . _____

_
...

3.2
7.4

3.4
7.6

3.3
7.8

3.4
8.2

3.4
7.9

3.5
7.9

3.5
7.6

3.4
7.0

3.4
7.2

3.3
7.0

3.5
7.0

3.7
7.5

3.7
8.1

4.1
8.3

4.6
9.8

M a r r i e d m e n ____ _______ ________ ______ _ _.
F u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s 1_________ __ _ __________ __
B l u e - c o l l a r w o r k e r s ______ 1 ____ . . . . . . . . . . .
E x p e r ie n c e d w a g e a n d sa lary w orkers
L a b o r fo rc e t i m e l o s t .
. . . . . . ______ . .

1.7
3.4
4.3
3.4
3.9

1.9
3.4
4.1
3.6
4.1

1.9
3.4
4 .1
3.6
4.2

2.0
3.5
4.5

2.0
3.7
4.6

3.5

4.3

4.6

1.8
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.4

1.8
3.4
4.0
3.4
4.1

1.9
3.4
4.2
3.5
4 .1

1.9
3.3
4.0

3.7

1.9
3.8
4.4
3.7
4.8

1.9
3.5
4.2
3.5
4.3

1.8
3.7
4.4
3.7
4.4

2.0
3.8
4.6
3.8
4.5

2.4
4.3
5.3
4.2
5.0

2.8
4.9
6.3
5.0
5.8

3.3
4.0

1 Adjusted by provisional seasonal factors.

Beginning in the September 1966 issue, the statistics on the labor force have been expanded.
Former table A -l has been replaced by tables A -l through A-8 in order to present more detail
On age and sex, duration of unemployment, full- and part-time status, color, and occupation
of the labor force.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

A.—LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT

1413

Rates of unemployment, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

T able A -3.

Nov.
1966

Age and sex

Oct.
1966

Sept.
1966

Aug.
1966

July
1966

June
1966

M ay
1966

Apr.
1966

Mar,
1966

Feb.
1966

Jan.
1966

Dec.
1965

Nov.
1965

Amm al
ave rage
1965

Total, 14 years and o v e r __ _ .

.

3.7

3.9

3.8

3.9

14 to 17 years _
. . . ____ ._ _
14 and 15 years___ . . . _ _ . ___
16 and 17 years,..
_ .
____

_____

11.1
7.6
12.8

12.7
14.7

8.0

13.3
9.4
15.2

11.9
7.3
14.1

7.8
14.9

3.4
11.4
5.3

3.3
10.9
5.2

11.1

3.5

3.5

2.7
2.5

2.5

18 years and o v e r.. . _ . . . . . . . .
__
18 and 19 years____ ____ . __ __
____. . .
20 to 24 y e a r s .....
25 years and o v e r.. . . . . . .
25 to 54 years_____ ____
55 years and over_____

3.3

10.8
5.2
2.5

2.6

2.4

2.8

Males, 18 years and over. . . . _____ . .
18an d l9 y ea rs . . . _ _. . ____
20 to 24 years___
_ ..
.....
___
25 years and over. _
.
25 to 54 y e a r s __ . .
_______
55 years and over___
...
___

9.9
5.0

2.2
2.1

2.4

Females, 18 years and o v er... ____ _
18 and 19 years___. . .
.
____
20 to 24 years___ . . . . . . . . . ___
25 years and over. _ ____ _ _
25 to 54 years... .
. ___ ._
55 years and o v er..
. . ___ __

4.1

11.8
5.4
3.2
3.4
2.4

T able A-4.

2.6

2.7
9.7
4.2

2.6
2.6

2.7

10.0
4.3
2.1 2.2
2.1 2.1

4.0

4.0

3.7

3.8

3.7

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.6

5.2

12.6 12.6
7.8
15.0

14.7
9.5
17.2

12.5
6.4
15.6

13.1
6.7
16.3

11.7
7.8
13.5

12.7
8.7
14.7

14.7
12.4
15.8

13.2
9.0
15.4

13.7
7.6
16.5

14.7
7.9
17.8

3.5
12.3
5.8

3.4
11.9
5.5

11.8

3.3

3.3
10.4
5.2

3.3
10.3
5.0

11.2 11.6

3.5

3.5

5.4
2.7
2.7

5.6
2.7

3.7
11.3

2.8
2.8

2.9
2.9
3.0

4.1
13.5
6.7
3.2
3.2
3.2

4.7
14.9
8.3
3.8
3.8
3.8

3.6
12.4
6.3

4.2
14.6

2.8

2.7

3.0
8.7
5.7
2.5
2.3
3.1

2.7
3.3

3.3
3.2
3.9

4.7
13.6
6.3
3.6
3.9
2.9

5.0
14.3
7.7
3.7
4.1
2.9

5.1
14.8
7.3
4.0
4.3

5.7
15.1

12.1
4.6
2.8
2.8 2.7
2.6 2.8
5.5
2.7

2.9
9.5
4.8
2.3

2.4

2.7

2.2
2.8

4.6
13.2
6.7
3.5
3.8

4.3

4.6

6.5
3.3
3.7
2.3

6.5
3.5
3.9
2.3

2.8

3.9

12.1 12.8

1964

2.6
2.7
2.4

3.0
10.9
3.6
2.5
2.3
3.1

3.0
11. 5
5. 0
2.3

4.4
13.5
5.9
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.5
13.1

2.2
2.6

6.8

3.3
3.6

2.1

2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
10.8
4.9
2.1
1.9
3.0

4.6
13.3
6.4
3.5
3.9

2.6

5.2
2.5
2.5
2.5

2.7
10.3
4.3

2.1
2.0
2.7

4.3
13.5
6.4
3.2
3.4

2.0

2.6
2.6

2.7

2.6
2.6
2.8

2.9
9.9
5.0
2.3

2.9
9.3
4.4
2.3

2.8

2.9

3.0

2.9
9.7
4.2
2.5
2.3
3.0

4.1

4.1
11.5
5.9
3.2
3.4
2.4

4.4
13.1
7.1
3.3
3.5
2.4

2.1
11.1
5.5
3.3
3.5
2.5

2.2

3.0
9.9
5.1
2.3

2.2

6.6

8.1

8.6

4.6
5.0
3.5

2.8

Employed persons, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

N ov.
1966

Age and sex

Oct.
1966

Sept.
1966

Aug.
1966

July
1966

June'
1966

M ay
1966

Apr.
1966

Mar.
1966

Feb.
1966

Jan.
1966

Dec.
1965

N ov.
1965

Am mal
ave rage
1965

Total, 14 years and over___ _ _

___ . . .

75, 076 74,163 74,165 74,338 74, 072 73, 997 73, 231 73, 799 73, 435 73, 521 73, 715 73, 441 72,914 72,179

14 to 17 years____ _.
... _
_ __ 3,577
14 and 15 years... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1,196
16 and 17 years. . __ . _ . . . __
2,381

3,324
1,059
2,265

3,257
1,079
2,178

3,539
1,214
2,325

3, 412
1,139
2,273

3, 438
1,198
2, 240

3, 231
1,107
2,124

3, 489
1,258
2. 231

3,382
1,223
2,159

3,397
1,142
2, 255

71,480
3,522
8,032
59,926
30, 608
29,289

70, 798
3,376
7,912
59, 510
30,347
29, 021

70,837
3,294
7,856
59, 687
30,372
29,162

70,805
3, 595
7,948
59,262
30,139
29,059

70, 616
3, 586
7,989
59, 041
30, 028
28, 904

70,440
3,542
8, 010
58,888
30, 086
28, 798

70,057
3,294
7,997
58, 766
30,175
28, 588

70,304
3, 418
7, 979
58, 907
30, 211
28, 715

70,017
3,392
7,850
58, 775
30,244
28, 615

45, 510
1,848
4,575
_ __ 39, 087
20, 349
18,713

45,335
1,778
4,534
39, 023
20,315
18,667

45,326
1,776
4,524
39,026
20,353
18,659

45,614
1,942
4,615
39,057
20,382
18,647

45, 572
1,946
4, 624
39, 002
20,363
18, 576

45,548
1,897
4,605
39,046
20, 444
18, 583

45,397
1,783
4, 594
39,020
20, 565
18, 439

45,634
1,874
4,623
39,137
20, 578
18, 571

45,467
1,874
4, 595
38, 998
20, 576
18, 493

25,463
1,598
3, 378
20,487
10, 032
10,354

18 years and over______
. . . . __ __
18 and 19 years. .
___
20to 24 years_______ . ______ _
25 years and over
______ . . .
25 to 44 years __ . _ ._ _ . . .
45 years and over______ . . .
Males, 18 years and over _. ____ .
18 and 19 years___
________
20 to 24 years____
_
25 years and o v e r ___ _ _ . . .
25 to 44 y e a r s __
45 years and over . . . . . .
Females, 18 years and over_____ . . .
18 and 19 years__ _ . _
20 to 24 years____ _
25 years and over_________
25 to 44 years... _.
45 years and over. . . .

_

_.

25,970
1,674
3,457
20,839
10,259
10, 576


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

70, 357

2.325

1,221

3, 406
1,155
2, 251

3, 401
1,198
2,203

3,165
1, 091
2, 074

3, 065
1.052
2, 013

70,100
3,347
7, 792
58,961
30, 392
28, 641

70,212
3, 424
7, 759
59,029
30,397
28, 676

70,069
3,370
7,739
58,960
30, 410
28, 587

69, 521
3, 226
7, 738
58, 557
30,118
28, 411

69, 015
2, 962
7, 702
58, 351
29, 998
28, 353

67, 292
2, 503
7, 304
57, 485
29, 616
29, 870

45,487
1,850
4, 549
39,088
20, 633
18, 498

45,474
1,897
4, 553
39,024
20, 530
18, 521

45,420
1,839
4,543
39,038
20, 546
18, 490

45,137
1,780
4, 569
38, 788
20, 445
18,316

45, 056
1,634
4,583
38, 839
20, 448
18,391

44, 231
1,345
4,370
38, 516
20,363
18,153

25, 511 25,191 25, 044 24,892 24,660 24,670 24, 550 24,613 24, 738 24,649 24,384 23, 959
1,518 1,653 1, 640 1, 645 1, 511 1,544 1, 518 1,497 1, 527 1,531 1, 446 1,328
3,332 3,333 3, 365 3, 405 3,403 3,356 3,255 3, 243 3,206 3,196 3,169 3,119
20,661 20,205 20, 039 19,842 19, 746 19, 770 19, 777 19,873 20,005 19,922 19,769 19, 512
10,019 9, 757 9,665 9, 642 9, 610 9,633 9, 668 9,759 9,867 9,864 9,673 9, 550
10, 503 10, 412 10, 328 10, 215 10,149 10,144 10,122 10,143 10,155 10, 097 10, 095 9, 962

23, 061
1,158
2, 934
18, 969
9,253
9, 717

N ote : Due to the independent seasonal adjustment of several of the series, detail will not necessarily add to totals.

3, 546

1964

1414

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

T able A-5.

Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

Duration of unemployment

Nov.
1966

Less than 5 weeks__
_
___ 1,515
5 to 14 weeks_____ _____ _ _____ __ . . .
803
15 weeks and over___
483
15-26 weeks___
_
_ _
286
197
27 weeks and over____ - - - - - - - - - 15 weeks and over as a percent of civilian
labor force__________ _____ _______ --0.6

T able A-6.

Oct.
1966

1,544
898
520
292
228
0.7

Sept.
1966

1,626
807
499
298

201
0.6

Aug.
1966

1,666
927
451
249

202
0.6

July
1966

June
1966

M ay
1966

Apr.
1966

Mar.
1966

Feb.
1966

Jan.
1966

Dec.
1965

N ov.
1965

Annual
average
1965

1964

1,789
856
536
261
275

1,625
670
603
343
260

1, 543
787
588
319
269

1, 514
721
579
315
264

1, 548
738
661
354
307

1,532
869
660
355
305

1, 618

215

1,816
815
476
251
225

903
644
334
310

1, 718
983
755
404
351

1,787
1,117
973
490
482

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

1.0

1.3

1,710
912
435

220

Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Annual average

Full- and part-time employment status

November

October

1966

1966

September September
1966

1965
1965

1964

F ull T ime
Civilian labor force..-----------__ ______
Employed:
Full-time schedules >. _____- _______
_ . ________________
Part time for economic reasons___
.
-------Unemployed, looking for full-time work
Unemployment rate.. - - ----_
..
- - - - - - - - _ _ _ _

66, 308

66, 424

6 6 ,8 8 9

6 6 ,0 1 7

6 6 ,1 3 5

6 5 , 008

6 2 ,7 0 2
1 ,6 3 4
1 ,9 7 2
3 .0

6 2 ,8 9 0
1 ,6 4 8
1 ,8 8 6
2 .8

6 3 ,2 1 6
1 ,7 6 2
1 ,9 1 1
2 .9

1 6 ,8 8 1
1 ,9 1 4
2 ,2 2 2
3 .4

6 1 ,1 0 9
2 ,2 0 9
2 ,8 1 7
4 .3

5 9 ,3 5 3
2 ,4 5 5
3 ,2 0 0
4 .9

1 1 ,3 3 7
1 0 ,6 6 8
669
5 .9

1 0 ,8 2 7
1 0 ,1 9 2
635
5 .9

9 ,9 3 4
9 ,2 7 2
662
6 .7

9 ,3 0 4
8 ,6 5 1
653
7 .0

9 ,5 0 0
8 ,8 6 1
639
6 .7

9 ,2 2 5
8 ,5 4 9
676
7 .3

P art T ime
Civilian labor force.
___ ________
..
Employed (voluntary part tim e)1________
Unemployed, looking for part-time work_____
Unemployment rate_____ - - .
- - - - -

__ _____ _ _
___ ___
____
___ - __ ________ _ _
___
- - - - - - - ___ _

1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1415

A.—LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT

T able

A-9.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[I n th o u sa n d s]
1966

1965

Industry
Nov.2
Total employees_______________

_______

OCt.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Annual
average
1965

1964

65, 266 65,150 64, 867 64,484 64,274 64,563 63,465 62,928 62,243 61,622 61,439 63,038 62,392 60,770 58,332

M ining ..........
..............
__
....
627
631
Metal mining____________ __________
86.0
25.9
Iron ores..!________ _________
32.1
Copper ores____ ______________ _
143.5
C oalm in ing.. ___________ _ .
135.6
Bituminous__________________
277.2
Crude petroleum and natural gas
149.8
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields.
127.4
Oil and gas field services
123.9
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
42.9
Crushed and broken stone
41.1
Sand and gravel
Contract construction... _
.............
3, 296 3, 450
General building contractors______ . . .
1,107.0
H eavy construction__________ ______ __
' 740. 6
Highway and street construction____
388. 5
352.1
Other heavy construction. . .
___ __
1 , 602. 2
Special trade contractors________
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning__, ______ _____
_ _ ___ __ _
378.1
Painting, paperhanging, and deco147.3
rating.. ________ . .
249.3
Electrical w ork.. ______ _
Masonry, plastering, stone, and tile
230.0
work___________________
117.2
Roofing and sheet metal work
19,515 19, 539
Manufacturing___ _ _ .
...
Durable goods__________ ________ _ 11, 479 11, 468
8, 036 8,071
Nondurable goods_______ ___________

637
87.3
26. 4
32.7
142.7
134.7
281.0
153.3
127.7
126.2
43.8
41.9

649
88.6
26.4
33.2
142.5
134.3
289.7
156.6
133.1
127.8
44.4
42.5

3,525 3,641
1,125. 2 1,165.3
' 758. 8 '781.5
401.1 411.9
357.7 369.6
1,641.0 1,694.0

630
617
621
634
645
590
620
632
635
632
83.7
87.8
85.3
84.4
84.0
84.2
84.2
84.7
83.6
79.5
26.4
24.6
24.0
24.3
24.3
25.0
25.8
24.6
25.7
25. 7
31.4
31.9
31.9
31.8
31. 5
31.2
27.1
32.8
32.0
30.1
142.2 140.7 104.3 141.3 142.2 142. 5 143.3 144.0 141.8 147.3
134.1 132. 2
95.8 132.2 132.8 133.0 133.4 134. 0 132.0 136.1
288.1 281.0 281.2 281.9 281.6 283.8 287.2 285.2 288.1 291.1
155.1 151.7 151.9 152.1 151.9 152.6 153.8 153.7 156.0 160.4
133 0 129 3 129 3 129 8 129.7 131. 2 133. 4 131 5 131. 4 130. 7
126. 9 122. 5 119. 9 112.4 108.8 111.3 117.4 121.2 118.3 116.2
43.8
42.3
41. 2
37 6
37. 6
40 5
42.1
41. 0
40. 5
35. 7
42. 2
40 5
39.3
35. 8
34. 3
35 1
38.2
40 4
39. 4
39. 3
3,623 3,521 3,277 3,156 2,981 2,818 2,940 3,167 3,341 3,181 3,050
1,121.1 1, 037.1 1, 014. 6 967.7 915. 4 961.7 1 , 028. 8 1, 051. 4 997.6 949.1
1782 9 ' 756.8 ' 680.1 ' 618. 0 521.1 474.8 507.6 ' 590. 5 ' 691. 8 643.2 613. 9
411 7 397.8 345.3 296.4 224.3 199.8 220.0 275.0 353.4 323.6 313.7
370 5 359. 0 334.8 321.6 296.8 275.0 287.6 315.5 338.4 319.6 300.3
1, 687.8 1,643.1 1,559. 4 1, 523.7 1, 492. 2 1, 428. 2 1,470.8 1, 547. 5 1, 597. 6 1, 540.6 1, 487. 0
645
«7 7
95 R
33 0
13Q 5
131 9
289 fi
156! 9
132 7
127. 8
44 3
42. 4

380.3

383.6

384.6

376.7

366.3

363.8

360.6

353.6

363.0

370.9

374.9

365.5

354.3

153.0
255.0

161.0
259.7

157 7
255.2

148.5
248.5

137.3
238.6

130.3
235.6

124. 0
231.1

118.6
227.6

119.7
229.5

135.1
236.4

146.5
237.4

142.3
231.8

140.4
218.7

238.2 255.7 253. 4 248.9 236.6 231.0 230.6 209.2 210. 0 228.7 238.5 237.6 241.1
117.1 118.7 117.8 115.1 107 6 106.8 104. 4
97. 2 104.9 114.2 116.6 110 . 0 107.5
19,533 19,391 19,123 19,258 18,906 18,774 18,651 18,518 18,333 18,473 18,496 18,032 17,274
11,434 11,249 ll[ 213 11,319 11,130 11, 039 10,921 10,822 10, 707 10,727 10,693 10,386 9,816
8,099 8,142 7,910 7,939 7, 776 7, 735 7,730 7,696 7, 626 7, 746 7,803 7, 645 7,458

D u r a b le goods

270.9 266.5 263.0 259.1 256.4 254.9 251.8 247.8 245.3 243.2 239.2 233.7 235.4 226.0 243.9
Ordnance and accessories_____________
201.3 197.0 195.0 191.7 189. 5 189.2 188.3 187.3 185.6 184.5 182.2 180.6 179.6 172.7 185.0
Ammunition, except for small arms ..
14.8
14.7
14.7
12.4
14. 2
Sighting and fire control equipment
14 0
14 1
13 5
12.8
12 7
12 7
13 7
13 3
13 1
55.4
54.7
53.3
52.7
40.9
44.8
Other ordnance and accessories___
44.2
40.4
51.6
49.8
47.0
46.4
45.6
43.1
52! 3
Lumber and wood products, except
608.0 617.7 630.6 649.9 648. 5 653.5 626.4 617.6 609.6 602.9 602.5 613.5 620.2 610.1 604.2
furniture_________________
98.6 101.9 103.6 106.7 106.2 106.6
87.7
89.0
Logging camps and logging contractors.
91.0
88.5
86.2
94.4
94.8
87.4
84.5
240.4 244.3 250. 5 257.4 256.5 259.0 251.3 251.3 248.8 244.6 247.1 250.0 252.5 250.8 253.1
Sawmills and planing mill’s ________
Millwork, plywood, and related prod156. 2 160.0 164. 5 171.4 172.5 173.1 167.6 166.5 163.7 163.0 162.8 163.9 164.8 162.7 158.2
ucts________________
34. 9
35.7
35.1
36.5
34.8
Wooden containers____
34.4
36.1
36.9
35.4
34.4
34.2
34.2
34.3
36.3
33.9
77.1
76. 6
76.9
77.9
70.3
73.2
Miscellaneous wood p ro d u cts_____
77.2
77.9
74.9
73.9
74.3
76.4
75.9
75.3
74.6
Furniture and fixtures.. ____
467.6 466.8 465.6 466.5 451.9 458.4 450.5 447.2 447.6 443.7 442.3 443.4 441.6 429.1 405.9
336.3 335.7 335.2 335.1 325.9 330.3 326.2 326.0 325.1 323.4 320.5 321.6 320.1 309.7 292.6
Household furniture
33.7
34.3
28.0
Office furniture__ _
33.8
29.6
33. 5
32. 2
29. 9
30.7
30.3
32.2
31 5
31 3
31.1
48.6
47.0
47.3
40.3
46.5
43.2
Partitions; office and store fixtures
42. 9
44. 6
44. 6
44. 5
47. 2
45.1
44 8
44 5
49.1
49.9
49.8
49.3
46.0
45.1
Other furniture and fixtures___
46.6
46.5
48.7
47. Q 46.5
46.5
46.1
46.1
46.7
Stone, clay, and glass products_____
637. 5 644.5 653.4 661.3 661.6 658.4 647.8 641.7 625.9 616.9 619.1 629.9 638.3 627.4 613.8
Flat glass_______________
32.3
30.8
32.3
32.4
32. 2
33.4
32. 4
32 9
33 2
32 9
32 9
33. 2
33. 7
33 1
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
123.8 124.3 125.9 126.3 125.2 125.6 123.1 120.3 118.6 117.7 116.1 116.3 117.0 115.4 111.9
39.7
38.6
Cement, hydraulic______
38.3
38.0
37.7
39.0
37.4
38.4
39.6
39.4
37.1
35.4
36.0
37.7
35.5
71.5
Structural clay products_____
69.2
69.3
69.5
67.8
66.0
72.7
72.5
71.1
67.2
68.3
69.3
70.1
69.8
67.7
44.1
43.5
43.2
Pottery and related products______
44.2
43.4
42.2
42. 5
43.5
44. 5
43.7
43 8
44.1
43.1
43.3
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products_______ .
176.2 180.3 184.2 187.7 189.4 188.4 183.1 180.5 172.1 167.1 169.9 176.1 180.9 177.9 173.3
Other stone and mineral products
132.6 132.8 134.1 136.3 136.3 132.1 132.1 132.7 130.8 129.5 129.5 130.2 130.0 129.2 126.6
Primary metal industries
1,331.1 1, 332. 8 1, 344. 9 1,351.8 1,353. 4 1, 355. 7 1, 329. 6 1, 321. 7 1,303.4 1, 291.4 1, 277. 0 1, 268.3 1, 259.3 1,295. 6 1, 233.2
Blast furnace and basic steel products
644.5 649.9 659.7 669.8 676.9 673.4 656.4 649.1 634.9 623.6 615.6 612.0 610.2 656.8 629.2
Iron and steel foundries____
237.7 236.2 236.6 237.8 236.7 239.1 235.8 235.9 233.6 234.2 232.7 231.6 225.9 226.2 212.3
69.7
73.8
Nonferrous smelting and refining
74.4
78.6
75.4
76.2
75.5
78.7
77.8
79.2
78.6
76.8
75.9
78. 5
75.7
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding_________
210.8 211.3 212.0 209.2 206.5 207.0 205.9 205.8 205.2 204.0 201.6 198.6 199.4 194.4 186.0
75.2
80.5
Nonferrous foundries
87.9
83.2
88.6
88.0
85.7
84.0
84.3
88. 5
88.0
86.3
85.6
86.3
85.6
Miscellaneous primary metal indus60.8
tries____ .
64.0
68.5
66.4
66.2
69.6
68.4
70.8
69.6
68.4
67.6
69.6
68.4
68.4
68.1
Fabricated metal products .
1, 386. 2 1, 378. 4 1, 372. 5 1,360.9 1, 339.2 1,360.8 1, 340.7 1,337. 0 1,326.8 1, 319. 5 1,310.5 1,313.5 1,313.3 1,268.3 1,189. 2
62.1
60.4
Metal cans__________
59.6
61.2
65.2
61.4
59.7
63.5
62.1
60.7
65.9
62.2
66. 0
62.0
64.0
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hard144.0
ware__________ _ _
155.3
158.9
159.8
163.4
161.0
161.2
160.7
161.5
160.3
163.3
167.2 165. 5 164.4
155.3
Heating equipment and plumbing
80.2
fixtures__________
78.7
79.6
79.9
79.0
79.4
80.1
79.9
79.9
80.2
80.1
78.1
79.3
79.1
79.9
Fabricated structural metal products
403.7 405.3 408.9 411.2 410.7 406.6 394.4 390.4 385.1 384.6 384.8 389.0 390.5 375.5 354.1
90.4
97.8
102.0
Screw machine products, bolts, etc.. .
100.8
105.9
105.0
103.5
102.5
108.1
108.0
105.6
107.2
113.0 110.8 109.3
Metal stampings____
251.9 248.6 241.9 231.1 221.5 234.5 235.9 236.8 237.0 235.8 234.4 235.2 233.9 221.3 198.6
71.4
76.7
79.6
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
80.0
81.6
79.5
84.0
84.9
82.2
81.9
82.3
81.6
85.4
85.1
83.7
57.7
62.3
64.3
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products
65.1
67.9
64.8
68.0
66.0
69.3
68.7
67.9
67.5
66.0
65.9
65.1
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products .. ______
154.2 153.3 152.5 152.2 150.9 153.0 151.9 151.4 146.7 146.8 144.8 144.1 143.3 140.3 130.7

See footnotes at end of table.
238-264 0 — 66

6


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1416

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966
T able

A-9.

Employees in non agricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[in th o u san d s]
1966

1965

A nnual

average

I n d u s tr y
N o v .2

O c t.2 S ep t.

A ug.

J u ly

Ju n e

M ay

A p r.

Mar.

F eb .

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Manufacturing—C o n tin u e d
D u r a b le g o o d s—

C o n tin u e d

M ach in ery _______________
1,900. 9 1,895. 8 1,895.3 1,891.1 1, 887. 5 1,882. 0 1, 855. 1,841.7 1,828.8 1,813. 1, 793. 1, 780. 1, 762. 6 1, 725.8 1, 609. 6
E n g in e s a n d tu rb in e s ____________
92. 0
98.4
99. 7
99.1
94.7
98.4
96.3
95.2
94.5
93.7
93. 2
93.
92.
87 0
90.
F a rm m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t_____
143.6 143. Í
148 9
143 9
135.2
126.5
C o n s tru c tio n a n d re la te d m a c h in e r y ..277.4 277.4 279.2 279.2 281! 4 279.2 274! 2 27o! 8 268.7 265.4
261. 2 259.4
260. 7 255. 3 236 3
M etalw orking m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t _______
...
337.7 336.8 338.8 334.5 334.8 335.1 329.2
327.8 324.8 323.1
317.4 315. € 310. 2 304.
282. 9
Special in d u s tr y m a c h in e ry ____
205. 0 203.6 204. 0 203.Í
203.0 202.9 199.5
198.1
199.1
198.1
198.2 196.
195.3
192.1 181. 2
G eneral in d u s tria l m a c h in e ry ______
284.1 282.8 281. 0 280.8 280.5 279.6 275.0 273.1
272.7 270.8 268.8 267.
264.3
259. 0 243. 4
Office, c o m p u tin g , a n d ac co u n tin g
m a c h in e s ___ _________
222.5 220.5 218.6 217.3 214.8 213.1 210.2
208.4 206.1
203.7 202.6 201.6
200.4
189. 5 172. 8
S ervice in d u s tr y m a c h i n e s . ____
116.9 115.3 115.6 118.7 117.0 118.0 116.4 115.0 111.9 112.3 112.3 110.6
109.9 112.7 106. 4
M iscellaneous m a c h in e ry ___
219.2 217.4 214.5 214.3 212.4 211.2 206.9 205.4 203.1 200.2 197.7 196.7
194.3 187.5 173.1
E le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s ______ 1,989.1 1, 981. 8 1, 958. 0 1,939.6 1, 887. 8 1,898.4 1, 858.1 1,842. 8 1,810.8 1,800.0 1, 778. 2 1, 768. 9 1, 745. 6 1, 658.1 1,544.3
E le c tric d is trib u tio n e q u ip m e n t______
190. 0 199.1
198. ( 198.2 195. (
193.4
187. 1 185.6 184.1
181.9 181.1
179.4 177.9 170. 5 ' 161.8
E le c tric a l in d u s tria l a p p a ra tu s ________
219.2 220.6 218.7 219.8 216.6 215.8 206.9 208.8 206.6 204.0 202.1 200.6
196. 7 191.9 177.8
H o u se h o ld ap p lia n c e s_________
194.9 192. 2 187. 5 184.1
173. 4 181.6 184.1
181.7 168.6 178. 1 173.1
173.4 169.8 166.6 160.9
E le c tric lig h tin g a n d w irin g e q u ip m e n t.
197.3 195.5 194.7 192.8 190.1
193.4
190.6 188.7 186. 5 184.5 181.9 181.7 180.1
172.3 158.0
R a d io a n d T V rece iv in g s e ts ___ _
195.6 192.0 185.1 177.1
163.4
162.9 154.6 153.2 152.3 152.1
152.3 153.6 151.6 135.1
118.8
C o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t . .
476.6 468.4
484.5 481.5 478.3
465.8 458.3 454.2 449.2 443.6 440.4 436. 5 430.9 416.8 408.6
E le c tro n ic c o m p o n en ts a n d accessories. 393. 2 388.7 384. g 384.4 376.4
379.8 371.1 366.6 360.5 354.3 345.8 339.4 333. 5 304.9 264.8
M iscellaneous electrical e q u ip m e n t a n d
su p p lie s______________________
114.4 112.2 110.8 106.6 104.5 105.7 105.4
104.0 103.0 101.5 101.5 104.3 105.1
93.6
100.1
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t___
1, 981. 8 1,974. 8 1, 953. 2 1,777.9 1, 865. 3 1,921.1 1,910. 2 1,894.7 1,886. 6 1,867. 4 1,839.1 1, 837. 2 1,821.6 1,737. 9 1, 604. 3
M otor vehicles a n d e q u i p m e n t ____
892. 4 881. 9 712.1
807 7 881. 2 884 3 877 8 881 9 877 9
A ircraft a n d p a r t s ____ T.
804. 0 793.9 786.8 776.2 767.2 748.6 7 3 5 . 6
726! 6 7 1 5 I 5 70¿ 8 688! 8 675.0 659.8 625.2 605.4
S h ip a n d b o a t b u ild in g a n d re p a irin g . _ 161.6 170.7 166.7 171.3 173.1
170.9 171.9 173.2 177.1 176.5 173.0 164.7 162.9 158.8 145.1
60.3
R a ilro a d e q u ip m e n t____________
61. 3
61. 0
59 2
58 0
57 3
57 6
57 5
59.1
60. 0
59. 7
58.0
O th e r tra n s p o rta tio n e q u i p m e n t _____
56. 5
58 7
57 Q
54 8
53 ft
51 4
56. 8
60. 4
58. 2
In s tru m e n ts a n d re la te d p ro d u cts
E n g in eerin g a n d scientific in s tru m e n ts
M echanical m e asu rin g a n d co n tro l
d ev ices____________
O p tic a l a n d o p h th a lm ic goods
O p h th a lm ic goods. ._
S urgical, m ed ical, a n d d e n ta l eq u ip m e n t... . . .
P h o to g ra p h ic e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s.
W atches a n d clocks
M iscellaneous m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s trie s ..
Je w e lry , silv erw are, a n d p la te d w a r e ...
T o y s, a m u se m e n t, a n d sp o rtin g g o o d s.
P en s, pencils, office a n d a rt m a te ria ls
C o stu m e je w e lry , b u tto n s , a n d n o tio n s.
O th e r m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s trie s ____
M usical in s tru m e n ts a n d p a rts

440.9

438.7
75.2

434.6
73.8

434.0
74.1

429.3
73.4

428.8
73.0

421.4
73.1

416.0
71.9

413.6
72.4

409.5
72.1

404.6
71.4

402.3
71. 2

399.2
70. 6

386.8
69. 8

369.9
69.8

108.9
50.6

107.5
50.1
33.7

107.4
49.6
33.3

107.3
49.1
33.3

107.1
47.6
32.5

106.6
48.6
33. 4

103.9
48.8
33. 4

103.3
48.7
33 5

102.1
48.2
33.1

101.3
47.9
33.0

100.4
47.1
32.2

100.1
47.0
32.2

99.5
46.6
32.0

98.4
45.4
31.0

96.0
43.3
29.3

67.1
100.6

66.7
100.1
39.1

66.2
99.1
38. 5

65.4
100.2
37.9

65.4
99.0
80 8

65.1
97.9
37. 6

63.8
95.2
36. 6

63.1
93.8
35 2

62.4
92.6
35 9

61.5
91.5
35 9

60.5
90.1
35 1

59.9
89.1
35 O

59.4
88.4
34 7

57. 2
84.1

54.4
76.7
9Q 6

464.9
50.7

470.0
50.1
141.4
36.1
59.7
182.7
27. 8

463.2
48.9
138.6
36 4
58.7
180. 6
27. 4

456.6
48.7
132.2
36.5
59.6
179.6
27.2

431.9
45.3
121. 5
30 1

447.2
48.6
125.7
36. 2
58.6
178.1
26. 6

438. 5
48.4
121.3
35 5

430.9
48. 5
114.9
35 4

422.9
47.9
109.1
35 3
56.8
173.8
26.7

414.7
47.4
104.4
34 fi
56! 1
172.2
26.3

401.3
45.8
99.2

436.5
47.3
124.0

4 55.5
4 7.2

140. 2

421.2
45. 5
118.0

105. 2

53.4
169.8
26.2

57.4
172.2
26.3

58. 6
173.8
26.1

56.0
168.1
24.6

55. 5
161.4
21.9

181.1

5 4.8
17 4 .2

26.8

5 7 .5

5 7.0

175.8
26.6

175.1
26.5

397.6
4 3.7

N o n d u r a b le goods

F o o d a n d k in d re d p ro d u cts
M eat p ro d u c ts . ._
D a iry p ro d u c ts _____
C a n n e d a n d p reserv ed food, except
m e a t s _________
G ra in m ill p r o d u c t s ....
B a k e ry p ro d u c ts ___
S u g ar___________
C o n fec tio n ery a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts . .
B everages________
M iscellaneous food a n d k in d re d produ c ts ______
T obacco m a n u fa c tu re s. .
C ig a r e tte s .. .
C i g a r s _____
T e x tile m ill p ro d u cts
C o tto n b ro a d w o v en fabrics
S ilk a n d s y n th e tic b ro a d w o v en fabrics
W eaving a n d finishing b ro a d w oolens.
N a rro w fabrics a n d sm allw ares
K n ittin g _______ ._____
-b in ish in g textiles, except w ool a n d k n it
F loor covering
Y a rn a n d th re a d .
M iscellaneous te x tile goods___
See footnotes a t e n d of ta b le.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1, 799. 9 1,840. 5 1,881. 0 1,897.1 1, 806. 8 1, 751. 4 1,683. 5 1,676.0 1, 674. 7 1,671.8 1,686.2 1,738.4 1,796.8 1, 752.0 1,750. 4
329.3 329.9 327.9 329.7 326. 8 319.9 311.3 307.3 307.6 309.3 310.4 322.1 327.0 317.3 316.2
271.6 274.7 279.8 289.0 291.1 288.1 279.8 278.1
275.9 275.1 275.7 278.7 279. 5 286.3 289.1

81.4
230.3

326 0
124.4
282.3
50 1
80.3
230.7

380 5
125.5
281.9
33 8
7L 8
233.6

142. 2

142.1

90.5

94.5
39. 4
22. 3

958.5
240.3
96.1
42. 0
32.3
235.5
76.8

958.4
238.9
95.8
42.5
32.2
237.8
76.1
43. 4
116.1
75.6

121.7
282.7

116.5
75.6

250 1
127.0
285.2

122! 5
279.1

12o! 9
278.9

12¿ 1
280.1

122.0
278.7

121.6
279.9

122.4
281.9

123.4
285.2

125.6
286.4

127.8
290.8

238.7

304 9
128.0
275. 5
30. 4
69.5
241.2

71.2
234.8

70.0
225.1

69.6
221.7

75.3
218.0

75.2
212.4

75.3
213.3

81.8
219.0

83.1
222.8

76.5
220.9

77.1
216. 4

140.2

139.3

139.4

139.1

137.7

138.2

140.1

140.7

141.6

144.5

146.0

142.1

141.6

94.8
39 8
22 2

88.2
40 0
22 0

73.8

74.8
39 4
22 7

73.8
38 7

75.6

78.3
38 3

82.1

84.6

91.4

89.8

86.6

90.2

959.7
238.3
96.2
43.8
32. 0
238.8
75.9
43.1
116.5
75.1

965.4
238.5
96.7
45.0
31.8
241.7
76.4
42. 6
117.9
74.8

947.5
238.3
95.9
45.4
30.6
234.1
75.9
39 8
114.4
73. 1

964.9
239.3
96.2
45.5
31.8
241.8
77.0
41 3
116.7
75. 3 1

951.8
235.8
94.9
45.2
31.4
238.1
76.2

947.6
235.0
94.8
44.8
31.3
235.8
75.9

9 4 3.4

234.7
94.8
44.9
31.0
231.8
75.5

936.6
234.2
94.2
44.5
30.8
227.3
75.1

929.7
233.8
93.9
44.1
30.3
222.9
74.9

935.9
233.6
94.1
43.9
30.3
229.0
75.3

939.4
231.9
93.7
43.7
30.0
237.0
74.6

921.3
229.2
91.9
44. 2
29.4
228.9
75.9

113! 8
74.8

113! 8
75.41

1Í3ÜI 113. 2
75. 21 74.6

113.1
74.1

111. 9
74.3

109.0
71.9

892.0
226.7
90.5
45.0
27.8
214.8
76.1
38 6
104.6
67.9

127! 1
285.3
7 5 .5

41

4

114.6
74.2

1417

A .— L A B O R F O R C E A N D E M P L O Y M E N T

T able

A-9.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[ in t h o u s a n d s ]

1966

1965

Industry
N ov.2

Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Annual
average
1965

1964

Manufacturing—Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and related products________ . 1, 418. 2 1, 419.8 1, 414. 1,422.2 1, 353. 1, 414. 1,396. 9 1,380. 1, 401. 1,391. 1,331.8 1,374. 1,382. 6 1,353.6 1,302. 5
120.7 115.3 123.
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______
120.7 119.8 120.
122.4 120.4 121.1 120.'- 119.6 121.2 119.5 118.6 114.7
M en’s and boys’ furnishings_________
373.] 360.
369. ; 369.2 370.'
368.4 365.' 364.' 360. £ 357.0 357.8 359.' 350.7 327.4
373.
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear_______ _ __________________
434.6 412 £ 431.
431.7 430.8 428.
402.9 423.4 421.1 418.8 406.3
428.3 419 8 435. 7 435.
Women’s and children’s undergar131.2 130. ( 128.8 120.'
ments____________________________
131.4
126. S 124.9 124.8 124.6 123.1 118.2 123.2 125.9 121.0 120.3
28.1
29.2
28.'
Hats, caps, and millinery_____ _ _ ___
27. 0
29 0
29 7
27.2
24. 9
26.1
30.7
30. £
27. 7
28. '
27. 7
Girls’ and children’s outerwear. _ __ __
80.5
80.3
82.3
80.6
81.5
80.9
81.1
83.6
78.1
75.5
77.7
80.5
76.8
78.4
77.6
82. (
83.5
82.4
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel. _
76. i
79. 8
77. 9
76. 8
75. 0
69 8
77.9
76.3
80. 2
76.0
72.4
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products______________________________
175.0 176.5 173.5 171.1 158.7 169.2 169.6 167.9 166.8 163.8 159.8 168.5 171.1 161.2 154.1
Paper and allied products______________
Paper and pulp__ . . . ____________
Paperboard___ _ . _________________
Converted paper and paperboard
products__________________________
Paperboard containers and boxes_____

686.0
220.4
70.2

680.1
218.9
69.6

677.1
219.7
69. 7

683.8
223.5
70.3

678.2
225.1
69. 5

679.0
223.2
69.4

661.4
216.8
68.4

659.4
215.7
68.0

655.6
214.6
68.5

653.3
213.8
68.6

651.7
213.6
68.3

655.0
214.2
67.8

652.5
213.1
67.7

640.0
213.0
67.3

625.5
213.1
66.6

177.0
218.4

175.0
216.6

173.7
214.0

175.3
214.7

171.4
212.2

172. Í
214.1

167.0
209.2

167.6
208.1

165.8
206.7

164.8
206.1

163.8
206.0

164. £
208.7

163.5
208.2

159.3
200.4

152.5
193.3

997.7 1, 003.2
348.9 352.3
71.3
71. 5
83.7
82. 9
316.9 318.5
51.6
52.2

999.4
350.6
71. 6
81. 9
317.3
52.0

981.0
345.6
70 1
81 1
310.5
51.2

951.5
335.7
68 6
77 0
302.4
49.0

Printing, publishing and allied industries. 1, 045. 5 1,044. 4 1,038. 2 1, 035.1 1, 030. 4 1, 026.8 1, 015.3 1, 014.6 1, 005.8 1, 004.3
Newspaper publiihing and printing___ 358.3 358. 5 356. 8 353.3 354.1 353.7 350.7 352.3 346.7 350.5
73.5
73.9
74.0
73.3
Periodical publishing and printing
72. 6
72.2
71.9
72. 0
71. 9
89.7
89.1
90.8
89.9
Books_________ . . .
86. 5
88. 8
87. 4
87.1
85.1
332.8
330.5
327.3
325.5 326.7 323.9 322.5 321.6 317.9
Commercial printing__________ _____ 333.2
56. 0
56. 5
56.4
57.9
56.5
Bookbinding and related industries___
55.5
53.5
53.6
53.3
52.3
Other publishing and printing industries______________________________ 134.2 133. 4 131.8 131.9 131.1 129.5 127.6 127.2 125.7 126.6

125.3

125.8

126.0

122.6

118.7

Chemicals and allied products._________
Industrial chemicals___ _____________
Plastics materials and synthetics
Drugs_____________________________
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods_______
Paints, varnishes, and allied products..
Agricultural chemicals_______________
Other chemical products___ _________

964.3
301.7
210.0
128.8
110.8
66.6
51.4
95.0

965.9
302.3
209.9
128. 5
112. 2
66. 5
52. 0
94. 5

968.2
304. 5
212.2
128. 5
111. 5
67.2
50. 7
93.6

976.9
307.2
215.1
130.8
111.2
68.9
50.7
93.0

970.3
305.5
214.1
130.1
109.0
68.6
50.6
92.4

964.5
302.8
210.8
127.5
109.5
68.2
55.1
90.6

948.6
296.7
.205.8
124.6
107.1
66.7
60.3
87.4

944.0
296.1
205.2
123.8
102.7
66.0
64.1
86.1

935.5
294.6
204.6
123.7
101.7
65.7
60.0
85.2

924.3
293.1
202.8
122.9
103.5
65.1
54.3
82.6

918.0
291. 5
201.7
122.2
104.0
64.6
52.2
81.8

917.5
293.1
201.0
122.4
104.0
65.0
50.9
81.1

913.9
290.9
200.3
121.4
105.3
65.5
50.0
80.5

906.4
289.7
194.5
118.1
105.0
66.0
53.2
80.0

878.6
288.4
181.7
112.9
101.5
64.2
51.4
78.5

Petroleum refining and related industries.
Petroleum refining. . . . .
Other petroleum and coal products___

182.2
147.0
35. 2

182.9
146.8
36.1

185.4
148.1
37. 3

188.2
149.8
38.4

190.1
151.6
38.5

186.4
148.5
37.9

182.9
146.6
36.3

180.6
145.8
34.8

178.7
145.5
33.2

178.0
145.3
32.7

177.9
145.1
32.8

179.4
145.9
33.5

181.2
146.3
34.9

182.0
147.5
34.5

183.9
149.6
34.2

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products_____________________________
Tires and inner tubes____ __________
Other rubber products________
Miscellaneous plastic products_______

534.8
110.0
185.8
239.0

529. 7
109.1
183.5
237.1

523.2
108.8
182.7
231.7

520.5
109.3
180.9
230.3

509.6
109.1
177.9
222.6

514.2
107.9
180.9
225.4

505.4
106.6
179.7
219.1

502.0
105.1
177.9
219.0

497.7
104.8
178.1
214.8

493.9
104.4
177.9
211.6

493.4
105.6
178.4
209.4

494.0
105.7
178.5
209.8

491.5
105.6
177.1
208.8

471.5
101.8
172.4
197.4

436.0
99.0
164.0
172.9

Leather and leather products________ _
Leather tanning and finishing___ . . .
Footwear, except rubb er... . . . .
Other leather products__________ . . .
Handbags and personal leather goods.

355.8
31.1
233.9
90.8

355.0
30.8
233.1
91.1
37. 7

356.9
31.2
235.7
90.0
36.7

364.8
31.9
242.0
90.9
37.0

350.3
31.2
234.6
84.5
33.3

362.2
31.8
240.7
89.7
36.0

356.4
31.5
237.0
87.9
34.6

354.9
31.6
235.4
87.9
35.0

358.8
31.9
238.8
88.1
36.4

360.0
32.1
240.4
87.5
35.9

354.7
32.3
237.7
84.7
34.0

356.4
32.5
236.7
87.2
35.1

355.6
32.2
234.1
89.3
36.9

350.9
31.6
233.4
85.9
35.4

347.6
31.4
230.5
85.7
37.2

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation. ___
Class I railroads 3__________________ .
Local and interurban passenger transit__
Local and suburban transportation___
Taxicabs_______________
Intercity and rural bus lin es.. ______
Motor freight transportation and storage.
Public warehousing__________ __ .
Air transportation________________
Air transportation, common carriers___
Pipeline transportation . ______ _
Other transportation_________ . .
Communication__________
Telephone communication. . . . .
.
Telegraph communication_______

4,193

4,196

4,218

4,154

4,171

4,180

4,115

4,035

4,026

4,087

4,092

4,033

3,951

623.6
267.5
80.4
105 4
42 3
989.9
77 1
254 2
227. 0
18 7
329 9

4,077
711 9
619! 6
269.3
80.8
108 8
41. 7
973.8
75 8
250 8
223.8
18 0
319 3
900 0
757 7
32. 7
109.9
627 1
254. 6
154 9
175 8
41.8

4,056

623.7 628.4 636.2 638.4 635.2
266.4 264.3 246.3 246.8 255.0
79.9
81.5
81.0
79.6
79.9
105 6
105 9 104 5
43 n
43 9
44* 7
39 5
1,047.0 1, 045! 7 1, 03o! 8 1, 030.7 1, 025. 5
88 8
82 8
79 8
2fi4 5 261 6 201 7
259 9
236 4 233 6 174 1 187 7 232 1
18 5
18 9
19 4
19 3
320 4
314 5 326 7
93fi fi
928 7
784* 3 786' 5 796 8
777 7
33 1
33 5
33 6
33 2
33 2
112 8 112 9 112. 9 112 8 111 5
632 3 641 4 652. 7 652 4 643 6
257 4 260 3 264.6 263 9 261. 0
156 1 158 6 161. 7 162 O 159 6
176 4 179 7 182. 8 182 8 180 1
42.4
43.6
42.9
42.8
43.7

615.3
272.8
81.5
110 9
41.1
969.8
78 0
246 6
220. 0
18 7
315 2
899 4
751 4
32 0
109.1
024. 7
253. 4
154 8
175 4
41.1

614.6
273.3
81.4
112 O
41 0
960.7
77 0
245 3
219.1
18 7
311 5
893 7
740 3
32 4
108. 7
023 2
252. 7
154 5
175 2
40.8

623.7
274.0
81.5
111 7
41 8
953.0
78 7
241 2
214 9
18 9
309 8
889 5
743 0
31 8
108 4
624 7
253. 0
154 8
175 8
41.1

632.4
273.6
81.8

633.3
271.0
82.1
109 1
42 0
41 4
991.5 999.5
84 4
89 2
242 2 239 4
215 3 213 4
19 O 19 O
313 fi 322 9
889 7
743 4 742 O
32 2
31 8
109 6 109. 6
626 0 623 4
253. 5 250. 5
155 4 155 5
17fi 1 17fi 4
41.0
41.0

640.1
267.5
82.1

665.0
266.9
83.4

42 0
963.2
80 5
229 7
205 8
19 5
312 7

42 1
919.1
82 2
212 6
190. 7
20 O
313 fi
847 9
706 1
32 6
102.9
614. 7
248. 9
153 3
174.1
38.4

R a d io a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g . .
E l e c t r i c , g a s , a n d s a n i t a r y s e r v ic e s
E l e c t r i c c o m p a n i e s a n d ’ s y s t e m s _______
G a s c o m p a n ie s a n d s y s t e m s .. .
C o m b in e d u t ilit y s y s t e m s ...
W a ter , s te a m , a n d s a n ita r y s y s t e m s .. .
S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

701 0
33 2
110 3
027 7
254 8
154 0
170 2
42.1

735 2
31 8
107.1
625. 3
253. 4
155 0
176. 5
40.5

1418

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1906
T able

A-9.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[In th o u sa n d s]

1966

1965
/

In d u str y

Wholesale and retail trade______________
Wholesale trade_______ ____ _______ ___
Motor vehicles and automotive equip­
m ent___________________________
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products..
Dry goods and apparel______________
Groceries and related products_______
Electrical goods_____________________
Hardware, plumbing, and heating
goods_____ _____ __________________
Machinery, equipment, and supplies.Miscellaneous wholesalers___________
Retail trade___________ _____ _________
General merchandise stores__________
Department stores__________________
Mail order houses___________________
Limited price variety stores__________
Food stores___________________________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores.. .
Apparel and accessories stores______ ,___
M en’s and boys’ apparel stores_______
Women’s ready-to-wear stores________
Fam ily clothing stores_______________
Shoe stores_____________________ ____
Furniture and appliance stores___ _____
Furniture and home furnishings______
Eating and drinking places____________
Other retail trade_____________________
Building materials and hardware_____
Auto dealers and service stations_____
Motor vehicle dealers___________
Other vehicle and accessory dealers..
Gasoline service stations___________
Miscellaneous retail stores___________
Drug stores___________ _____ ______
Farm and garden supply stores_____
Fuel and ice dealers___ _____ ______

2

O ct.2

S ep t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M a r.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

0
8

1 3 ,3 7 (
3,521

13,255
3, 49i

13 ,224
3,5 2 1

13,225
3, 511

1 3 ,2 3 ‘
3, 47Í

1 3 ,0 6
3, 400

13,015
3 ,3 8 0

12,820
3 ,3 7 '

12.73Í
3 ,3 6 '

1 2 ,8 3 '
3 ,3 7 ]

1 3 ,7 6 ,
3 ,4 1 .

13.07Í
3 ,3 9 '

1 2 ,6 8 ,
3 ,3 1 '

1 2 ,1 6 0
3 ,1 8 9

.
.
.
_
.

263.
210.■
150.
529.
279.

277.
210.
15 0 .1
5 1 7 .'
284.

2 6 6 .5
2 0 9 .0
1 4 8 .6
5 3 2 .1
2 8 2 .4

2 6 4 .0
207.
14 8 .3
530.
276.

2 6 0 .7
2 0 3 .2
1 4 5 .'
4 9 9 .0
2 7 1 .0

2 6 0 .]
202.
145.
4 9 8 .'
2 6 8 .7

2 5 9 .]
201. £
144.
497.C
267.

260.
201.
1 4 2 .f
509.:
2 6 3 .8

2 6 0 .'
204.
144.
520.
26 6 .2

259.
202.
144.4
523.
26 2 .6

256.6
198.
141.6
509 .2
257.

2 4 5 .9
192. 0
1 3 4 .6
4 9 7 .7
2 4 2 .7

_
_
.
1 0 ,0 3 2
.
_
_
.
.
_
_
.
_

Finance, insurance, and real estate_______
Banking__________ ________ __________
Credit agencies other than banks_______
Savings and loan associations________
Personal credit institutions__________
Security dealers and exchanges_________
Insurance carriers_____________________
Life insurance______________________
Accident and health insurance_______
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance__
Insurance agents, brokers, and services. .
Real estate_____ ____ _________________
Operative builders__________________
Other finance, insurance, and real estate.

3 ,0 9 5

Services and miscellaneous______________
Hotels and lodging places______________
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels_____
Personal services_________ ____ ________
Laundries, cleaning and dyeing plants.
Miscellaneous business services________
Advertising_______ _____ ___________
Credit reporting and collecting agencies.
Motion pictures............................................
Motion picture filming and distrib­
uting_____________________________
Motion picture theaters and services__
Medical and other health services__ . . .
Hospitals___________________________
Legal services_________________________
Educational services_____•_____________
Elementary and secondary schools____
Higher educational institutions_______
Miscellaneous services_________________
Engineering and architectural services.
Nonprofit research organizations______

9 ,7 3 1

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

A nnual
average

263.
208.
150.
51 5 .1
279. C

159.
1 5 8 .4
160.
1 5 9 .3
6 3 2 .:
6 3 2 .7
6 3 7 .8
6 3 5 .5
1 ,1 9 3 . ( 1 ,1 8 7 . S 1 ,1 9 4 .5 1 ,1 8 8 .1
9 ,8 5 5
9, 755
9 ,7 0 3
9, 714
2 ,0 0 5 . 7 1, 938.1 1 ,8 9 2 . 3 1 ,8 8 5 .5
1, 262. ' 1 ,2 1 5 .1 1 ,1 8 5 . 6 1 ,1 8 5 .1
130. S
1 1 9 .8
1 1 6 .1
1 1 4 .5
322.1
328. (
3 0 7 .6
3 0 4 .2
1, 575. 5 1, 555. 5 1, 5 4 2 .2 1, 5 4 8 .9
1, 395. 7 1, 378. 5 1 ,3 6 8 . 4 1 ,3 7 4 .9
666. c
6 5 4 .6
6 3 2 .7
6 3 2 .6
109. £
108. í
106. 7
1 0 6 .3
2 4 4 .2
2 3 6 .4
2 3 0 .8
2 3 4 .0
104. C
1 0 2 .6
1 0 0 .4
9 7 .9
1 3 0 .3
1 3 1 .3
1 2 4 .1
1 2 3 .3
431. 4
4 2 7 .1
4 2 6 .4
4 2 6 .7
275. 4
2 7 3 .3
2 7 4 .7
2 7 2 .8
2 ,0 4 8 . 9 2 ,0 5 5 . 8 2, 067. 8 2 ,0 6 9 .5
3 ,1 2 6 . S 3 ,1 2 2 . 7 3 ,1 4 1 . 0 3 ,1 5 1 .5
545. 0
5 4 9 .6
5 6 8 .5
5 6 3 .0
1, 476. 9 1, 477. 6 1, 485. 4 1, 490. 6
747. 5
7 4 5 .3
751. 5
7 4 7 .5
1 9 0 .6
1 9 1 .7
193. 5
1 9 4 .7
538. 8
5 4 0 .6
545. 6
5 4 3 .2
1 ,1 0 5 .0 1 ,0 9 5 . 5 1, 092. 6 1, 092. 4
4 2 1 .1
418. 4
4 1 4 .3
4 1 5 .1
1 0 2 .6
1 0 0 .5
1 0 1 .1
1 0 0 .7
1 0 9 .3
1 0 4 .3
1 0 2 .9
1 0 2 .9
3 ,0 9 9
829. 9
332. 9
94. 2
1 8 1 .1
141. 2
907. 3
479. 8
65. 0
323. 7
240. 6
565. 9
38. 7
81. 5

3 ,1 0 9
8 3 0 .6
333. 6
93. 8
181. 9
141. 7
908. 3
480. 8
63. 7
324. 7
241. 4
571. 6
4 0 .1
81. 9

3 ,1 4 6
8 3 9 .2
3 3 7 .5
9 5 .8
1 8 2 .9
1 4 4 .0
9 1 5 .1
4 8 4 .0
6 4 .0
3 2 7 .1
2 4 4 .2
5 8 3 .4
4 3 .2
8 2 .6

3 ,1 4 8
8 3 5 .4
3 3 7 .3
9 6 .9
1 8 1 .3
1 4 4 .7
9 1 1 .2
482. 5
6 2 .7
3 2 5 .2
2 4 3 .7
5 9 3 .4
4 4 .2
8 2 .5

26 1 .7
204.
14 6 .2
5 0 6 .'
272. C

1 5 8 .2
1 5 5 .8
1 5 5 .6
155 .1
1 5 4 .2
155.
15 4 .8
6 2 5 .5
6 1 4 .2
606. C 6 0 0 .8
6 1 1 .8
5 9 6 .8
5 9 4 .6
1 ,1 7 4 .9 1 ,1 5 4 . 2 1 ,1 5 2 .4 1 ,1 4 7 . 8 1 ,1 4 5 . C 1 ,1 3 9 .9 1 ,1 5 3 .
9 ,7 6 6
9, 661
9 , 62£
9, 452
9,371
9 ,4 6 '
10,347
1, 907. 2 1 ,8 9 0 . 9 1 ,8 8 8 . 0 1 ,8 4 6 . 5 1 ,8 2 5 . C 1, 916.1 2, 4 9 3 .'
1, 2 0 1 .8 1 ,1 8 9 . 7 1 ,1 8 3 . 6 1 ,1 5 9 .1 1 ,1 4 4 . 9 1, 207. ] 1, 589. ]
1 1 4 .0
1 1 2 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 8 .2
129. £
1 6 2 .6
1 1 5 .8
3 0 9 .7
3 1 3 .8
3 1 7 .6
308. ]
299. £
3 1 2 .9
4 1 2 .5
1, 549. 8 1, 543. 7 1, 534. 9 1, 535. ( 1, 528. 5 1, 519. 5 1, 5 3 9 .;
1 ,3 7 2 . 6 1, 366. 6 1 ,3 5 6 . 6 1 ,3 5 9 . 6 1 ,3 5 2 . ] 1 ,3 4 7 .8 1, 355. 0
6 5 2 .0
6 4 4 .9
6 6 1 .7
6 1 5 .6
6 3 6 .8
771. 5
6 2 4 .9
1 0 9 .3
106. 0
106. 5
103. £
107. C
111. £
1 3 7 .6
2 3 8 .0
2 3 8 .0
2 3 7 .5
2 3 0 .2
2 2 5 .7
233. S
279 .4
1 0 2 .2
9 8 .4
9 8 .3
9 6 .6
96 .4
10 0 .3
1 2 9 .]
1 2 7 .8
1 2 7 .9
1 2 1 .1
116.4
1 4 3 .6
1 2 0 .5
1 4 2 .0
4 2 1 .2
4 2 5 .3
4 2 0 .4
4 2 0 .7
420. C 4 2 0 .3
4 3 9 .3
2 7 4 .3
2 7 0 .4
2 6 9 .5
2 6 8 .5
2 6 8 .9
2 6 9 .3
2 8 3 .1
2, 074. 4 2, 0 3 4 .9 2, 001. 6 1, 949. 4 1, 919. 4 1, 904. 6 1 ,9 4 4 . 9
3 ,1 5 7 . 5 3 ,1 2 5 .1 3 ,1 2 2 . 0 3, 0 7 5 .1 3, 062. 6 3, 0 6 6 .9 3 ,1 5 8 . 2
5 6 8 .8
5 5 3 .5
5 5 0 .4
5 3 8 .3
5 2 9 .0
5 3 3 .9
5 4 8 .9
1, 479. 6 1, 463. 0 1, 454. 3 1, 445. 0 1, 442. 4 1, 446. 6 1, 454. 7
7 4 9 .3
7 4 5 .1
7 4 4 .4
7 4 6 .4
7 4 6 .6
7 4 3 .4
7 4 1 .5
1 8 7 .4
1 9 1 .1
1 8 3 .9
1 7 8 .2
1 7 6 .5
1 7 9 .9
1 9 0 .7
5 3 9 .2
5 3 0 .5
5 2 4 .0
5 2 0 .2
5 2 1 .5
5 2 3 .3
5 2 2 .5
1 ,1 0 9 .1 1 ,1 0 8 . 6 1 ,1 1 7 .3 1 ,0 9 1 .8 1 ,0 9 1 .2 1, 0 8 6 .4 1 ,1 5 4 . 6
4 1 6 .5
4 1 3 .1
4 1 3 .9
4 1 0 .0
4 0 9 .6
4 1 1 .8
4 3 2 .4
1 0 6 .5
1 1 1 .3
1 1 3 .9
1 0 1 .0
9 6 .6
1 0 6 .8
9 7 .6
1 0 4 .0
1 0 5 .6
1 0 9 .2
1 1 4 .2
1 1 8 .1
1 1 9 .2
1 1 6 .1
3 ,1 1 2
8 2 1 .6
3 3 4 .4
9 5 .8
1 8 0 .0
1 4 2 .3
8 9 9 .4
4 7 6 .1
6 0 .4
3 2 2 .0
2 4 2 .2
5 9 0 .2
4 5 .5
8 1 .7

3 ,0 7 0
8 0 7 .7
3 3 2 .5
9 6 .0
1 7 8 .1
1 3 9 .4
8 9 1 .4
4 7 4 .1
5 8 .2
3 1 8 .3
2 3 9 .2
5 7 7 .9
4 5 .8
8 1 .6

3 ,0 5 6
8 0 6 .5
3 3 2 .6
9 7 .2
1 7 7 .4
1 3 8 .1
8 9 0 .9
4 7 5 .3
5 7 .2
3 1 7 .7
2 3 8 .6
5 6 8 .2
4 5 .9
8 1 .3

9 ,7 4 5
9 ,7 0 7
9 ,7 7 2
9 ,7 0 2
9 ,7 8 2
9 ,5 7 2
9 ,4 6 5
6 4 8 .1
6 8 7 .9
7 8 9 .5
7 0 2 .7
7 8 9 .5
6 6 1 .7
6 4 0 .4
6 1 2 .2
5 8 6 .0
6 5 0 .9
6 5 3 .1
6 2 4 .4
5 9 4 .9
5 7 9 .4
1, 014. 2 1 ,0 0 8 .1 1 ,0 1 3 . 7 1 ,0 1 6 .8 1, 014. 7 1, 001. 6
9 9 5 .3
555. 8
552. 7
5 6 1 .1
5 6 5 .6
5 6 5 .2
5 5 3 .5
5 4 8 .1
1, 240. 9 1, 227. 5 1 ,2 3 2 . 0 1, 2 2 5 .6 1, 2 1 4 .1 1 ,189. 7 l, 178. 3
115. 6
114. 7
1 1 6 .3
1 1 4 .8
1 1 3 .5
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .4
68. 6
67. 7
6 8 .2
6 8 .7
6 8 .5
6 7 .9
6 7 .4
186. 6
1 9 0 .7
1 9 9 .8
2 0 2 .1
1 9 2 .7
1 8 0 .9
1 7 9 .8

3 ,0 4 3
8 0 3 .8
3 3 3 .1
9 7 .2
1 7 7 .5
1 3 6 .9
8 9 0 .1
4 7 4 .9
5 6 .8
3 1 7 .5
2 3 7 .6
5 6 0 .5
45. 0
8 1 .1

3 ,0 2 4
8 0 0 .3
3 3 1 .7
9 7 .3
1 7 6 .0
1 3 4 .0
8 8 9 .1
4 7 5 .8
5 5 .8
3 1 6 .4
2 3 5 .8
5 5 2 .1
4 3 .2
8 0 .5

3 ,0 1 8
7 9 8 .1
3 3 3 .0
9 8 .2
1 7 6 .5
1 3 1 .2
8 8 8 .2
4 7 6 .6
5 5 .3
3 1 5 .1
2 3 4 .2
5 5 3 .6
4 3 .5
8 0 .1

3 ,0 3 4
7 9 9 .7
3 3 3 .0
9 7 .6
1 7 6 .4
1 3 1 .2
8 9 1 .3
4 7 7 .7
5 5 .2
3 1 6 .5
2 3 5 .3
5 6 3 .6
4 5 .8
8 0 .3

1 5 4 .;
1 4 6 .0
151 .6
591.
5 7 9 .3
5 4 8 .4
1 ,1 4 8 .
1 ,1 2 4 .8 1, 078. 5
9 ,3 6 6
9 ,6 8 4
8 ,9 7 1
2, 0 6 8 .2 1, 8 7 5 .1 1, 7 6 3 .1
1, 297. C 1 ,1 7 1 .3 1, 0 8 7 .8
1 4 8 .2
1 1 9 .3
1 0 8 .3
314. 0
3 4 0 .6
3 0 9 .2
1 ,5 1 0 . 5 1, 473. 5 1 ,4 1 9 .4
1, 334. 2 1, 299. 6 1, 2 5 0 .1
6 5 6 .7
6 1 6 .4
6 3 8 .1
108.4
1 0 5 .0
9 9 .8
2 3 5 .6
2 4 3 .1
2 2 9 .9
1 0 3 .7
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .6
1 2 4 .8
1 2 3 .9
1 1 7 .5
4 2 5 .0
4 1 1 .2
3 9 4 .5
2 6 5 .4
2 7 3 .4
2 5 5 .0
1, 945. 6 1, 938. 7 1 ,8 4 8 .1
3, 077. 9 3, 029. 5 2, 929. 4
5 4 9 .6
5 4 1 .8
5 3 3 .0
1, 445. 4 1 ,4 2 5 . 5 1 ,3 6 6 .8
7 3 8 .7
7 2 6 .1
6 9 2 .5
1 8 5 .9
1 7 8 .3
1 6 7 .2
5 2 1 .1
5 2 0 .8
5 0 7 .2
1, 0 8 2 .9 1, 0 6 2 .2 1, 029. 6
4 1 1 .2
4 0 1 .0
3 8 7 .8
9 7 .2
9 7 .4
9 4 .6
1 1 1 .4
1 0 8 .9
1 0 8 .5
3 ,0 3 3
7 9 6 .8
3 3 1 .5
9 7 .1
1 7 5 .3
1 3 0 .1
8 9 2 .2
4 7 8 .9
5 4 .9
3 1 6 .6
2 3 4 .7
5 6 8 .1
4 6 .5
7 9 .9

3 ,0 1 9
7 9 0 .9
3 2 6 .8
9 7 .1
1 7 1 .8
1 2 8 .9
8 9 0 .8
4 7 8 .7
5 4 .5
3 1 5 .7
2 3 3 .1
5 6 9 .0
4 6 .9
7 9 .7

2 ,9 5 7
7 6 6 .5
3 1 4 .8
9 4 .5
1 6 4 .3
1 2 5 .8
8 8 9 .5
4 7 4 .6
5 5 .2
3 1 6 .2
2 2 5 .6
5 5 6 .4
4 6 .2
7 8 .9

9 ,3 3 1
9 ,2 5 0
9 ,1 7 6
9 ,2 4 5
9 ,2 4 5
8 ,7 0 9
9 ,0 9 8
6 1 7 .7
6 1 3 .7
6 0 2 .1
609. 0
6 3 6 .2
6 1 3 .8
6 5 3 .8
5 6 1 .5
5 5 8 .4
5 4 6 .9
5 5 1 .7
5 5 5 .4
5 6 7 .8
5 7 8 .8
9 8 8 .2
9 8 2 .6
9 8 3 .5
9 8 8 .8
9 9 1 .8
9 5 3 .9
9 8 2 .2
5 4 2 .4
5 3 8 .0
5 4 0 .8
5 4 4 .9
5 4 7 .9
5 4 6 .5
5 3 2 .9
, 169. 9 1,160. 0 1 ,1 4 4 .1 1 ,1 5 9 . 5 1 ,1 4 1 .3 1 ,1 0 2 .2 1 ,0 2 2 .1
1 1 2 .4
1 1 2 .2
1 1 1 .5
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .7
1 1 1 .6
1 1 0 .2
6 7 .3
6 6 .9
6 6 .5
6 7 .9
6 7 .4
6 5 .6
6 3 .0
1 7 3 .6
1 7 1 .5
1 7 7 .9
1 8 3 .2
1
7 7 .4
1 8 1 .1
1 8 3 .3

5 2 .8
5 5 .0
5 5 .9
5 2 .3
4 6 .6
5 8 .5
4 7 .8
5 3 .2
4 7 .6
4 9 .9
5 7 .1
5 1 .9
4 8 .2
4 2 .8
1 3 7 .9
1 3 1 .6
1 4 3 .9
1 4 0 .4
1 3 4 .3
1 3 2 .0
1 4 3 .6
1 2 6 .0
1 2 1 .6
1 2 4 .7
1 2 6 .1
1 2 9 .2
1 3 5 .1
1 3 4 .7
2, 2 8 6 .1 2, 268. 7 2 , 266. 3 2 ,2 6 0 .1 2 ,232. 7 2,197. 4 2,192. 2 2,178. 0 2 ,1 6 4 . 6 2 ,1 4 7 . 9 2 ,1 3 9 .1 2 , 135. 4 2, 087. 8 l, 963. 0
1 ,4 7 6 . 2 1, 4 6 4 .1 1, 463. 3 , 4 6 0 .1 1, 440. 9 1 ,4 2 1 .7 1 ,4 1 7 .4 , 4 1 3 .1 , 403. 9 , 393. 7 , 3 9 0 .3 , 390. 0 1 ,3 6 4 . 5 1 ,2 9 5 .1
1 9 8 .8
1 9 8 .6
2 0 1 .0
2 0 2 .3
1 9 6 .0
1 8 8 .4
1 8 7 .9
1 8 6 .4
1 8 8 .2
1 8 5 .0
1 8 7 .7
1 8 5 .8
1 8 2 .7
1 7 3 .9
1 ,0 5 9 .8
9 7 3 .7
8 7 3 .2
8 8 6 .1
9 6 5 .3 1, 0 3 2 .1 , 028. 7 , 033. 7 , 023. 9 , 0 1 1 .8 , 013. 5 , 015. 6
9 3 3 .2
8 9 0 .3
343. 5
3 2 6 .8
2 8 2 .3
2 8 5 .9
3 2 8 .4
3 4 5 .1
3 4 4 .2
3 4 2 .1
3 4 4 .3
3 4 3 .3
3 4 2 .6
3 4 2 .3
3 1 7 .8
3 0 1 .6
6 4 3 .3
5 7 7 .9
5 2 4 .1
5 3 3 .4
5 6 9 .9
6 1 8 .4
6 1 5 .0
6 2 0 .2
6 1 1 .8
6 0 3 .4
6 0 4 .4
6 0 6 .1
5 5 1 .2
5 2 6 .6
4 8 5 .1
4 9 8 .4
490. 2
4 9 7 .2
491. 1
4 7 9 .8
4 7 7 .1
4 8 0 .3
4 8 2 .0
4 7 1 .3
4 6 4 .9
4 5 2 .1
4 6 1 .8
4 2 2 .6
2 6 5 .1
2 7 3 .4
268. 3
2 7 3 .9
2 7 1 .2
2 6 4 .1
261. 5
2 5 9 .9
2 5 6 .9
2 5 4 .9
2 5 2 .2
2 5 0 .4
2 4 2 .4
2 2 5 .9
6 8 .1
6 9 .9
68. 6
6 9 .9
6 8 .6
6 7 .6
6 7 .7
6 7 .6
6 7 .4
6 7 .1
6 7 .2
6 7 .0
6 3 .6
6 6 .6

1419

A.— LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT
T able

A-9.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[In thousands]
1966

1965

A nnual
average

In d u str y

G o v e r n m e n t _________
____ ____ _ ____ __ _
F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t 4___. ________ _ _____
E x e c u t i v e . . . . . . . . __________ _________
D e p a r t m e n t o f D e f e n s e ________________
P o s t O ff ic e D e p a r t m e n t ___ _______ . . .
O t h e r a g e n c i e s _____ . . . ________________
L e g i s l a t i v e ______________ _____
________
J u d i c i a l ___________ _ ________
... . .
S t a t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t 5_____________
S ta te g o v e r n m e n t. . .
_________________
S t a t e e d u c a t i o n __________________ _______
O t h e r s t a t e g o v e r n m e n t ______ _________
L o c a l g o v e r n m e n t ___ ___________ . _ . . .
L o c a l e d u c a t i o n _____________ __________
O t h e r lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t _____ ________ __

N o v .2

O c t .2

S ep t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

1 1 ,2 4 9
2 ,6 3 1

1 1 ,1 1 4
2 ,5 8 6

8, 618

8 ,5 2 8
2, 220. 8
8 4 8 .1
1, 372. 7
6, 306. 8
3, 589. 2
2, 717. 6

1 0 ,8 8 5
2 ,5 8 9
2, 556. 4
1, 042. 8
6 8 2 .0
831. 6
26. 5
6 .1
8, 296
2 ,1 4 7 . 6
736. 4
1 ,4 1 1 .2
6 ,1 4 8 . 7
3, 391. 2
2, 757. 5

1 0 ,5 0 7
2, 641
2 ,6 0 8 .0
1, 0 5 5 .4
6 8 9 .4
8 6 3 .2
2 7 .1
5 .9
7 ,8 6 6
2, 091. 4
6 5 6 .2
1, 435. 2
5 ,7 7 4 .9
2 ,9 2 6 .1
2 ,8 4 8 .8

1 0 ,5 5 7
2, 637
2, 604. 2
1, 050. 7
6 8 3 .1
870. 4
2 7 .0
5 .9
7 ,9 2 0
2 ,1 1 2 . 4
6 7 9 .6
1, 4 3 2 .8
5 ,8 0 7 . 4
2, 959. 6
2, 847. 8

1 0 ,9 0 6
2, 592
2 ,5 5 9 .8
1, 0 3 4 .8
6 7 3 .6
8 5 1 .4
2 6 .6
5 .9
8 ,3 1 4
2 ,1 5 6 .7
7 5 6 .7
1 ,4 0 0 .0
6 ,1 5 6 .8
3 ,3 8 7 .2
2 ,7 6 9 .6

1 0 ,8 3 4
2, 513
2 ,4 8 1 . 5
1, 001. 5
6 6 0 .2
8 1 9 .8
2 5 .4
6 .0
8 ,3 2 1
2 ,1 3 9 .1
7 8 6 .7
1 ,3 5 2 . 4
6 ,1 8 2 .0
3, 5 0 4 .1
2 ,6 7 7 .9

1 0 ,7 9 5
2 ,4 9 6
2 ,4 6 1 .5
9 9 1 .9
6 5 2 .8
8 1 6 .8
2 5 .4
6 .0
8 ,3 0 2
2 ,1 3 2 .2
7 8 7 .4
1 ,3 4 4 .8
6 ,1 7 0 . 0
3, 5 0 7 .6

1 0 ,7 3 5
2 ,4 6 0
2 ,4 2 8 .8
9 8 0 .0
6 3 9 .5
8 0 9 .3
2 5 .4
6 .9
8 ,2 7 5
2 ,1 2 9 .9
7 8 6 .6
1 ,3 4 3 .3
6 ,1 4 4 .7
3, 4 9 4 .9

1 0 ,6 2 2
2, 431
2, 3 9 9 .7
9 6 4 .8
6 3 2 .4
8 0 2 .5
2 5 .2
5 .9
8 ,1 9 1
2 ,1 1 3 .3
7 7 3 .0
1 ,3 4 0 .3
6, 0 7 7 .3
3 ,4 4 1 .6

1 0 ,4 9 0
2 ,4 0 6
2 ,3 7 5 .4
9 5 6 .2
6 2 4 .4
7 9 4 .8
2 4 .9
5 .9
8 ,0 8 4
2, 0 8 4 .9
7 5 5 .6
1 ,3 2 9 .3
5 ,9 9 9 . 5
3 ,3 7 9 . 5

1 0 ,6 3 8
2 ,5 4 3
2 ,5 1 1 .8
9 5 1 .6
7 7 1 .5
7 8 8 .7
2 5 .0
5 .9
8 ,0 9 5
2, 086. 4
7 5 7 .6
1 ,3 2 8 .8
6, 0 0 8 .5
3 ,3 8 3 .6

1 0 ,4 7 2
2, 402
2 ,3 7 0 . 7
9 5 6 .0
6 1 7 .8
7 9 6 .9
2 5 .6
5 .9
8 ,0 7 0
2, 0 8 6 .1
7 5 9 .5
1 ,3 2 6 .6
5 ,9 8 3 . 8
3 ,3 6 1 .0

1 0 ,0 9 1
2 ,3 7 8
2 ,3 4 6 .7
9 3 8 .5
6 1 4 .2
7 9 3 .9
2 5 .4
5 .9
7 ,7 1 3
1 ,9 9 5 .9
6 7 9 .1
1 ,3 1 6 .8
5 ,7 1 7 .4
3 ,1 1 9 .9

9 ,5 9 6
2 ,3 4 8
2 ,3 1 7 . 5
9 3 3 .7
5 9 9 .9
7 8 3 .9
2 4 .5
5 .8
7 ,2 4 9
1, 856. 0
6 0 8 .8
1 ,2 4 7 .2
5 ,3 9 2 . 5
2 ,9 0 6 .3

1 Beginning with the October 1966 issue, figures differ from those previously
published. The industry series have been adjusted to March 1965 bench­
marks (comprehensive counts of employment). For comparable back data,
see Employment and Earnings Statistics for the United States, 1909-66 (BLS
Bulletin 1312-4). Statistics from April 1965 forward are subject to further
revision when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based upon establishment reports which cover all fulland part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked
during, or received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than 1 establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are
excluded.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2,662. 4 2,649.8 2, 635. 7 2, 620. 0 2,624.9 2,622. 8 2, 597.5 2,486.3

2 Preliminary.
3 Beginning January 1965, data relate to railroads with operating revenues
of $5,000,000 or more.
4 Data relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for
the last day of the month.
5 State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except those for the Federal Government, which is prepared by the
U.S. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission.

1420
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEMBER 1966

A-10.

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
Revised series; see box, p, 1423.

[In th o u sa n d s]

1966

1965

A nnual
average

In d u stry
N o v .2

M ining____ _

O c t .2

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

Feb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1964

1965

490
71 2
2ll_8
2fi 3

496
72 5
22 3
26 9

506
73. 5
2 2 .2
27. 3

502
72 8
21. 7
27. 0

504
73 3
2 2 .4
27 0

491
70 8
2 1 .7
26 2

452
70 1
20 6
2fi 3

482
69 5
20 0
2fi 3

480
6 9 .8
20 3
26 2

484
69. (;
20. £
26. 0

494
70 0
21 . 0
25 8

498
70. 5
2 1 .8
2 5 .6

494
69. 5
2 1 .8
24 8

497
6 5 .9
21. 0
2 2 .1

124 3
117 2

124 2
117 0

124. 0
1 1 6 .8

121. 0
114. 3

1 2 3 .8
116. 5

122. 5
114 8

86 8
79 3

123 6
115 5

124. 5
1 1 6 .1

124. r
116. C

1 2 5 .5
1 1 6 .6

1 2 6 .1
117. 0

1 2 4 .1
1 1 5 .3

1 2 9 .7
1 1 9 .8

C r u d e p e tr o le u m a n d n a tu r a l g a s —
C r u d e p e t r o le u m a n d n a tu r a l g a s f ie ld s O il a n d g a s f ie l d s e r v i c e s . ____

191 R
8 2 .2
109 fi

193 9
8 4 .4
109 5

2 0 1 .9
8 7 .0
114. 9

2 0 2 .1
8 7 .3
1 1 4 .8

201 7
8 6 .9
114 8

195 9
8 4 .2
111 7

195 6
8 4 .3
111 3

196 5
8 4 .7
111 8

196 7
8 4 .8
111 9

199. (
85. <
113. (

201 9
8 6 .3
115 6

200 3
8 6 .2
1 1 4 .1

202 6
8 8 .4
11 4 .2

205 5
9 1 .9
1 1 3 .6

Q u a r r y in g a n d n o n m e ta llic m in in g - —
C r u s h e d a n d b r o k e n s t o n e ____ ~

103 1
36 9

105 2
37 5

1 0 6 .4
3 8 .0

106. 5
3 7 .9

105 4
37. 5

101 7
36 0

99 3
35 0

92. 0
31. 5

8 8 .5
2 9 .6

9 1 .1
3 1 .4

96 9
34 4

1 0 0 .8
36. 0

98. 0
3 4 .9

9 5 .8
3 4 .3

487

M e ta l m in in g -.
Ir o n o r e s ..
C o p p e r o r e s ..

-

-

----

------.............

C o a l m i n i n g ____ _
B itu m in o u s ..- _

______

______

Contract construction___

2 ,8 0 0

G e n e r a l b u i l d i n g c o n t r a c t o r s _______
H e a v y c o n s t r u c t i o n .. _
____ —
H ig h w a y a n d s tr e e t c o n s tr u c t io n .—

Other heavy construction

S p e c ia l tr a d e c o n tr a c to r s .
............. __
P l u m b i n g , h e a t in g , a n d a ir c o n d i t i o n i n g _____
_ __
_ _ ______
P a in t in g , p a p e r h a n g in g ,
a n d decor a t i n g _______
_______________________
E l e c t r i c a l w o r k ____
.
...
__________
M a s o n r y , p l a s t e r in g , s t o n e a n d t il e
w o r k ___ _
____ _
. ..
R o o f i n g a n d s h e e t m e t a l w o r k ________

3 ,1 4 1
3 ,0 2 6
977 3 1 ,0 1 7 .3 1,
667 9
689 9
364 3
3 7 4 .9
303 6
3 1 5 .0
1, 3 4 2 .0 1, 380. 7 1 ,4 3 3 .8 1,
2 ,9 5 0
959 3
fi49 0
350 2

3 ,1 2 2
2 ,4 9 9
2 ,3 3 9
2 ,4 6 1
2 ,8 5 6
2 ,7 0 7
3 ,0 2 6
2 ,7 8 8
2 ,6 7 3
2 ,6 8 7
004. 4
9 0 8 .6
8 5 6 .2
818. f
975. 0
8 6 9 .7
8 2 3 .9
7 7 2 .9
886. 0
8 9 1 .6
690. 5
529 7
433 1
421. £
503 0
6 0 3 .5
5 5 5 .8
665 7
590 7
388 3
3 7 4 .4
189. 0
185. (
3 1 7 .8
2 8 8 .5
3 6 0 .2
3 0 8 .6
1 6 5 .1
239. 4
2 5 9 .6
3 1 6 .1
2 6 3 fi
305 5
282 1
244 1
223 2
235 7
270 1
2 8 5 .7
267 3
4 2 7 .3 1 ,3 8 5 .5 1 ,3 0 5 . 5 1 ,2 7 3 . 3 1 ,2 4 1 .6 1 ,1 7 7 .9 1 ,2 2 1 .0 1 ,2 9 7 . 5 1, 343. 7 1 ,2 9 4 . 5 1,

2 ,5 9 7
8 1 7 .3
5 2 9 .6
2 7 9 .5
250 1
250. 2

3 0 6 .3

3 0 9 .6

3 1 2 .1

3 1 2 .9

306. 0

296. 0

294. 4

2 9 1 .6

284. 4

2 9 4 .1

302 2

30 6 . 0

2 9 7 .3

2 8 6 .1

131 8
2 0 0 .5

137 5
2 0 6 .4

1 4 5 .3
2 1 1 .1

1 4 1 .8
2 0 6 .4

1 3 3 .3
2 0 0 .2

122. 6
1 9 1 .1

116. 0
1 8 8 .5

1 0 9 .1
1 8 4 .1

1 0 3 .3
1 8 0 .7

1 0 4 .5
182. 5

1 1 9 .6
1 8 9 .7

1 3 1 .3
1 9 1 .2

1 2 7 .6
1 8 6 .0

1 2 6 .5
1 7 4 .0

209 2
95 6

217 4
95 5

2 3 4 .3
9 7 .1

2 3 1 .8
9 6 .2

227. 7
9 3 .9

2 1 5 .4
8 6 .6

2 0 9 .9
8 5 .9

2 0 9 .6
8 3 .6

1 8 8 .4
7 6 .2

1 8 9 .4
8 4 .1

2 0 8 .0
9 3 .5

2 1 7 .0
9 5 .8

2 1 6 .5
8 9 .5

2 2 0 .2
8 7 .0

1 4 ,5 5 5
8 ,5 3 2
6 ,0 2 3

1 4 ,5 8 5
8, 530
6 ,0 5 5

1 4 ,5 8 2
8, 501
6, 081

1 4 ,4 1 7
8 ,3 0 4
6 ,1 1 3

1 4 ,1 5 9
8, 277
5 ,8 8 2

1 4 ,3 5 1
8, 419
5 ,9 3 2

1 4 ,0 7 4
8 ,2 7 7
5, 797

1 3 ,9 6 9
8 ,2 0 7
5, 762

1 3 ,8 7 8
8 ,1 1 3
5, 765

1 3 ,7 7 5
8 ,0 3 8
5 ,7 3 7

1 3 ,6 1 7
7 ,9 4 2
5 ,6 7 5

1 3 ,7 6 9
7 ,9 8 0
5, 789

1 3 ,8 1 1
7 ,9 5 9
5 ,8 5 2

1 3 ,4 1 3
7 ,7 0 2
5, 711

1 2 ,7 8 1
7 ,2 1 3
5, 569

1 3 3 .3
8 7 .7
3 9 .6

1 2 9 .2
8 3 .8
6 3
3 9 .1

1 2 6 .6
8 2 .6
6. 2
3 7 .8

1 2 2 .8
7 9 .4
6 .2
3 7 .2

1 2 0 .2
7 7 .2
6 .2
3 6 .8

1 1 9 .1
7 6 .7
6 .0
3 6 .4

1 1 7 .0
7 6 .1
5 .8
3 5 .1

1 1 3 .4
7 5 .2
5 .7
3 2 .5

1 1 1 .9
7 4 .2
5 .5
3 2 .2

1 1 0 .0
7 3 .0
5 .4
3 1 .6

1 0 6 .8
7 1 .1
5 .3
3 0 .4

1 0 1 .1
6 9 .3
5 .2
2 6 .6

1 0 2 .7
6 8 .0
5 .2
2 9 .5

9 6 .0
6 3 .6
5 .0
2 7 .4

1 0 4 .1
6 8 .1
5 .9
3 0 .0

5 2 9 .2
2 1 9 .2

5 4 0 .1
2 2 2 .6

5 5 2 .6
2 2 8 .9

5 7 0 .0
2 3 5 .2

5 6 8 .5
2 3 4 .6

5 7 3 .9
2 3 7 .0

5 4 8 .1
2 2 9 .5

5 3 9 .1
2 2 9 .4

5 3 2 .2
2 2 7 .1

5 2 6 .3
2 2 2 .7

5 2 5 .4
2 2 5 .1

5 3 7 .3
2 2 8 .4

5 4 4 .3
2 3 0 .8

5 3 5 .4
2 2 9 .3

5 3 1 .6
2 3 0 .8

1 3 0 .3
3 2 .0
6 6 .3

1 3 4 .0
3 1 .3
6 5 .6

1 3 8 .1
3 1 .5
6 6 .0

1 4 4 .3
3 2 .8
6 6 .9

1 4 5 .6
3 2 .2
6 6 .2

1 4 6 .4
3 3 .3
6 6 .9

1 4 0 .9
3 2 .6
6 5 .6

1 3 9 .5
3 1 .8
6 5 .2

1 3 7 .1
3 0 .9
6 4 .6

1 3 6 .8
3 0 .6
6 4 .3

1 3 6 .2
3 0 .7
6 3 .1

1 3 7 .9
3 0 .8
6 3 .5

1 3 8 .9
3 0 .5
6 4 .0

1 3 7 .0
3 1 .0
6 2 .6

1 3 4 .0
3 1 .7
6 0 .5

F u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s ______ ______
H o u s e h o l d f u r n it u r e . .
O ffic e f u r n i t u r e _____ ___ __________
P a r t i t i o n s ; o ffic e a n d s t o r e f i x t u r e s ____
O t h e r f u r n it u r e a n d f ix t u r e s ___

3 8 8 .0
2 8 6 .6

3 8 7 .8
2 8 6 .7
2fi 8
35 1
3 9 .2

3 8 6 .9
2 8 6 .2
26 5
35. 3
3 8 .9

3 8 7 .6
2 8 6 .6
2 6 .2
3 6 .3
3 8 .5

3 7 4 .4
2 7 8 .4
2 6 .3
3 4 .4
3 5 .3

3 8 0 .5
2 8 2 .5
2 4 .9
3 5 .3
3 7 .8

3 7 3 .2
2 7 8 .9
2 5 .1
3 3 .2
3 6 .0

3 7 0 .6
2 7 8 .5
23 5
3 3 .0
3 5 .6

3 7 0 .6
2 7 7 .7
2 4 .6
3 2 .8
3 5 .5

3 6 6 .9
2 7 6 .5
24. 4
3 1 .0
3 5 .0

3 6 6 .4
2 7 4 .2
2 4 .2
3 2 .8
3 5 .2

3 6 8 .4
2 7 5 .8
24 . 0
3 2 .9
3 5 .7

3 6 7 .1
2 7 4 .7
2 3 .6
3 2 .9
3 5 .9

3 5 6 .2
2 6 5 .0
2 3 .1
3 2 .2
3 5 .9

3 3 7 .0
2 5 0 .7
2 1 .9
2 9 .7
3 4 .8

S t o n e , c la y , a n d g la s s p r o d u c t s ______ _ _
F la t g l a s s ..
_ .
G la s s a n d g la s s w a r e , p r e s s e d o r b l o w n .
C e m e n t, h y d r a u lic ... . . . .
____
S tr u c tu r a l c la y p r o d u c t s .. .
P o t t e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s _______
C o n c r e te , g y p s u m , a n d p la s te r p r o d u c t s ________________________________
O t h e r s t o n e a n d m in e r a l p r o d u c t s ______

5 1 0 .8

5 1 7 .8
25 6
1 0 8 .3
2 9 .6
5 7 .0
3 7 .6

5 2 5 .7
25 3
1 1 0 .1
2 9 .9
5 8 .9
37 6

5 3 3 .2
25. 2
1 1 0 .2
3 0 .9
6 0 .6
37. 0

5 3 2 .7
2 5 .4
1 0 9 .4
3 0 .9
6 1 .9
3 5 .4

5 2 9 .7
2 5 .9
1 0 9 .9
3 0 .3
6 1 .6
3 7 .2

5 2 1 .3
26. 4
1 0 7 .7
2 9 .2
6 0 .2
3 6 .9

5 1 5 .6
26. 5
1 0 5 .0
2 8 .6
5 9 .1
3 7 .3

5 0 2 .1
2 6 .2
1 0 3 .4
2 7 .2
5 7 .2
3 7 .9

4 9 3 .4
2 6 .2
1 0 2 .4
2 7 .0
5 6 .6
36 9

4 9 5 .1
26. 5
1 0 1 .0
2 7 .7
5 7 .5
36. 4

5 0 5 .3
27 . 0
1 0 1 .1
2 8 .8
5 8 .5
3 7 .3

5 1 3 .7
2 7 .2
1 0 2 .0
2 9 .6
5 9 .5
3 8 .2

5 0 3 .9
2 6 .1
1 0 0 .6
2 9 .4
5 8 .7
3 7 .0

4 9 3 .8
2 4 .8
9 7 .5
3 0 .3
5 8 .9
3 6 .5

1 3 9 .2
1 0 0 .4

1 4 2 .8
1 0 1 .2

1 4 6 .1
1 0 3 .5

1 4 6 .9
1 0 3 .4

1 4 5 .6
9 9 .8

1 4 1 .0
9 9 .8

1 3 8 .6
1 0 0 .3

1 3 1 .7
9 8 .4

1 2 7 .5
9 6 .9

1 2 9 .3
9 7 .1

1 3 5 .4
9 7 .6

1 4 0 .2
9 7 .4

1 3 7 .2
9 7 .0

1 3 4 .3
9 4 .9

Manufacturing..
D u r a b l e g o o d s ____ __ _
N o n d u r a b l e g o o d s ________

....................
.

D u ra b le goods
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s ____
_____
A m m u n i t i o n , e x c e p t fo r s m a l l a r m s ____
S i g h t i n g a i d fir e c o n t r o l e q u i p m e n t . . .
O t h e r o r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s _____ . .
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u cts,
excep t
f u r n it u r e ...
_ . _ _ _______ _
S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g m i l l s _____
_ .
M il l w o r k , p l y w o o d , a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s _________________ _ _______ _ . . .
W o o d e n c o n t a in e r s _______ _
M i s c e l l a n e o u s w o o d p r o d u c t s ___ _ . .

3 9 .2

1 0 7 .4
2 9 .1
5 5 .1

1 3 5 .6
1 0 0 .3

P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ________
____ 1 ,0 8 2 . 2 1 ,0 8 4 . 5 1 ,0 9 5 .0 1 ,1 0 0 . 2 1 ,1 0 2 .2 1 ,1 0 8 .3 1 ,0 8 5 .3 1, 080. 0 1, 0 6 3 .6 1, 0 5 2 .7 1, 0 3 8 .6 1, 0 2 9 .1 1 ,0 2 0 .7 1 ,0 5 7 .8 1, 003. 6
5 5 3 .6
B la s t fu r n a c e a n d b a s ic s te e l p r o d u c ts —
4 9 1 .7
4 9 4 .1
5 1 5 .6
5 4 5 .8
5 3 8 .0
5 2 2 .3
5 3 7 .2
5 5 1 .8
5 3 7 .1
5 1 7 .8
4 9 8 .5
5 3 0 .9
5 0 6 .9
528. 0
2 0 1 .4
I r o n a n d s t e e l f o u n d r i e s _________
_ .. .
1 9 3 .0
1 9 3 .9
1 8 1 .9
2 0 2 .7
2 0 2 .8
2 0 1 .3
2 0 2 .1
1 9 8 .5
2 0 1 .6
2 0 4 .5
1 9 9 .9
2 0 0 .8
1 9 9 .6
2 0 2 .0
N o n f e r r o u s s m e l t i n g a n d r e f i n i n g _______
6
1
.3
5
7
.8
5
7
.3
5 3 .7
6
0
.2
5
9
.4
5
8
.8
6 0 .7
5 8 .9
5 9 .1
5 8 .7
6 0 .0
6 0 .3
6 0 .7
5 8 .7
N o n f e r r o u s r o llin g , d r a w i n g , a n d e x t r a d i n g _____ __ ____________
1
5
8
.7
1
5
4
.4
1
4 1 .6
1
5
3
.1
1
4
9
.4
1 6 3 .7
1
6
4
.4
1
6
2
.0
1
6
0
.4
1
5
9
.5
1
5
9
.1
1
5
8
.3
1
5
6
.1
1 6 3 .9
1 5 9 .6
7 2 .0
N o n f e r r o u s f o u n d r i e s ___
......
7 0 .2
6 2 .5
7 4 .4
7 0 .9
6 7 .5
7 5 .5
7 4 .4
7 2 .4
70 9
7 4 .8
7 5 .1
7 2 .7
7 3 .1
7 2 .6
M is c e lla n e o u s p r im a r y m e t a l in d u s t r i e s __________________
.
.
5 5 .2
5 3 .6
4 8 .3
5 7 .3
5 6 .2
5 5 .0
5 5 .3
5 1 .6
5 6 .5
5 5 .4
5 5 .5
5 5 .2
5 4 .8
5 3 .7
5 6 .0
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c t s .. _
1 ,0 8 2 .6 1 ,0 7 6 .9 1 ,0 7 1 .1 1, 0 5 7 .9 1, 0 3 5 .2 1, 0 6 0 .9 1, 0 4 5 .7 1 ,0 4 1 .6 1 ,0 3 1 .5 1, 026. 0 1, 0 1 8 .9 1 ,0 2 3 .6 1 ,0 2 3 .9
56. 2
M e t a l c a n s ___________________ _______
5 2 .8
5 2 .7
5 6 .2
5 5 .4
5 4 .1
5 0 .1
5 4 .6
5 2 .7
5 1 .9
5 1 .1
5 0 .3
5 1 .6
C u t l e r y , h a n d t o o ls , a n d g e n e r a l h a r d w a r e .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1
2 1 .1
1 3 3 .0
1 3 2 .1
1 2 6 .8
1 2 5 .8
1 3 1 .1
1 2 7 .2
1 3 0 .1
1 2 9 .5
1 2 7 .7
1 2 8 .3
1 2 7 .9
1 2 6 .9
H e a t in g e q u ip m e n t a n d p lu m b in g
f i x t u r e s _____
- _ .
5 9 .4
6 0 .3
5 9 .7
6 0 .2
5 8 .6
6 0 .2
6 0 .9
6 0 .1
6 0 .1
6 0 .7
6 0 .5
5 9 .6
6 0 .4
F a b r i c a t e d s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l p r o d u c t s ..
2 9 3 .0
2 9 5 .2
3 0 1 .1
3 0 0 .5
2 9 7 .7
2 8 7 .7
2 8 3 .6
2 7 8 .6
2 7 8 .5
2 7 9 .4
2 8 3 .5
2 9 9 .0
2 8 5 .3
S c r e w m a c h in e p r o d u c t s , b o l t s , e t c ____
9 0 .3
8 8 .2
8 5 .5
8 4 .7
8 1 .2
8 6 .0
8 4 .2
8 3 .9
8 3 .3
8 2 .3
8 6 .8
8 1 .5
8 0 .1
M e t a l s t a m p i n g s _____
2 0 7 .0
2 0 4 .3
1 8 6 .8
1 7 6 .8
1 9 3 .2
1 9 3 .5
1 9 7 .9
1 9 0 .7
1 9 2 .7
1 9 3 .8
1 9 2 .8
1 9 2 .1
1 9 1 .9
C o a t i n g , e n g r a v in g , a n d a l l i e d s e r v i c e s .
73 .1
7 2 .3
7 1 .0
6 8 .5
6 9 .4
6 9 .4
7 1 .9
9 .1
6 7 .5
7 0 .8
6 8 .6
6 6 .5
6 7 .1
M i s c e l l a n e o u s f a b r ic a t e d w i r e p r o d u c t s ..
5 6 .7
5 5 .3
5 5 .1
5 6 .0
5 5 .3
5 5 .0
5 3 .6
5 3 .6
5 2 .8
5 3 .0
5 2 .4
5 3 .5
5 2 .7
M i s c e l l a n e o u s f a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s _______________
_________
1 1 7 .3
1 1 6 .4
1 1 5 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 3 .7
1 1 6 .3
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .9
1 1 0 .8
1 1 1 .1
1 0 9 .1
1 0 8 .9
1 0 8 .0

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

9 8 2 .4
5 0 .7

9 1 4 .0
5 2 .3

1 2 2 .8

1 1 3 .2

5 9 .1
2 7 1 .3
7 7 .4
1 8 0 .8
6 4 .4
5 0 .4

6 0 .5
2 5 2 .2
7 0 .8
1 6 1 .1
6 0 .2
4 6 .3

1 0 5 .5

9 7 .4

1421

A.—LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT
T able

A-10.

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[ in th o u s a n d s ]

1966

1965

A nnual
average

In d u str y
N o v .2

O c t.2

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M a r.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Manufacturing—C o n t i n u e d
D u ra b le goods —C o n t i n u e d
M a c h i n e r y _________________ ____
__
E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s ____________
______
F a r m m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t
C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d r e la t e d m a c h i n e r y . M e ta lw o r k in g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t ________ ______ . . .
S p e c ia l in d u s t r y m a c h in e r y ..
______
G en er a l in d u s tr ia l m a c h in e r y .
_____
O ffic e , c o m p u t i n g , a n d a c c o u n t i n g
m a c h i n e s _____ ____ __ . . . .
S e r v ic e i n d u s t r y m a c h i n e s . . .
.. .
.
M is c e lla n e o u s m a c h in e r y
_

1, 3 3 9 .9 1 ,3 3 4 . 9 1, 3 3 2 .3 1 ,3 2 5 . 3 1 ,3 2 3 . 7 1 ,3 2 5 .7 1 ,3 0 8 .9 1 ,2 9 8 .9 1 ,2 8 9 .3 1 ,2 7 9 .1 1 ,2 6 1 .7 1 ,2 5 3 . 0 1 ,2 3 6 . 4 1 ,2 0 8 .3 1 ,1 2 0 . 4
6 4 .1
6 7 .8
65. E
66. 0
6 4 .9
6 4 .4
6 9 .0
6 8 .5
6 7 .5
6 6 .9
6 5 .4
6 4 .2
6 3 .6
6 1 .4
5 8 .4
1 0 5 .!
106. 0
104. 5
1 0 6 .7
110.1
108. 7
1 0 5 .1
98 6
92 1
109. C
1 1 0 .1
110. E
102 0
98 3
1 8 9 .5
1 8 9 .5
1 9 1 .4
1
9
2
.9
1 9 0 .7
1 8 4 .4
1 8 2 .6
1 9 2 .5
1 8 9 .2
1 8 6 .9
1 7 8 .9
1 7 7 .7
1 7 9 .3
1 7 5 .1
1 6 0 .5
2 5 6 .1
1 4 1 .8
1 9 1 .2

2 5 5 .5
1 4 1 .2
1 9 0 .5

2 5 5 .6
1 4 1 .2
188. E

253. C
1 4 0 .7
1 8 6 .8

2 5 2 .7
139. £
1 8 7 .2

2 5 3 .8
1 4 0 .5
1 8 8 .2

2 5 0 .2
1 3 8 .1
1 8 5 .5

249. C
1 3 6 .9
1 8 4 .3

2 4 7 .0
1 3 7 .8
1 8 5 .0

2 4 5 .8
1 3 7 .3
1 8 3 .2

2 4 1 .2
1 3 7 .7
1 8 1 .3

2 3 9 .2
1 3 6 .5
1 8 1 .0

234 .4
1 3 5 .3
1 7 7 .9

2 2 9 .6
1 3 2 .9
1 7 4 .5

2 1 2 .6
1 2 4 .4
1 6 3 .3

1 3 2 .3
8 2 .6
1 7 3 .5

]
s i.;

172.1

1 3 0 .2
81. 1
1 6 9 .5

1 2 9 .1
8 3 .7
1 6 8 .3

1 2 7 .1
8 2 .1
1 6 7 .6

1 2 5 .6
8 3 .2
1 6 6 .5

1 2 4 .6
8 1 .9
1 6 2 .9

123. C
8 0 .6
1 6 2 .1

1 2 1 .8
7 7 .7
1 5 9 .9

1 2 0 .8
7 8 .1
1 5 7 .7

120. E
7 7 .2
1 5 5 .6

1 2 0 .8
7 6 .8
1 5 4 .8

1 1 9 .7
7 5 .7
1 5 2 .2

1 1 1 .7
7 8 .5
1 4 6 .0

1 0 1 .9
7 3 .2
134. 1

131.

E le c tr ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s
1, 391. 4 1 ,3 8 6 .2 1 ,3 6 5 .6 1, 3 4 5 .4 1 ,3 0 2 . 2 1 ,3 2 2 . 4 1 ,2 9 1 .1 1 ,2 8 1 .0 1 ,2 5 6 .3 1 ,2 5 2 .5 1 ,2 3 6 . 6 1 ,2 3 2 .9 1 ,2 1 3 .7 1 ,1 3 9 . 8 1 ,0 3 6 . 8
E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n e q u i p m e n t ______
1 3 4 .2
1 3 1 .0
1 3 7 .2
1 3 8 .1
1 3 6 .8
1 3 3 .7
1 2 8 .6
1 2 6 .1
1 2 4 .6
12 3 .4
1 2 7 .5
1 2 4 .0
1 2 2 .2
1 1 6 .0
1 0 8 .5
E l e c t r i c a l i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s ____
1 5 6 .3
1 5 5 .0
158.1
156. C 1 5 7 .8
1 4 3 .9
1 5 4 .8
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .3
1 4 7 .7
1 4 5 .6
1 4 2 .5
1 3 9 .1
1 3 4 .7
122. 7
134. 1
H o u s e h o l d a p p l i a n c e s ____________ _______
1 5 5 .6
153. C
1 4 8 .6
144.4
1 4 3 .0
1 4 5 .6
1 4 3 ,9
13 1 .1
1 4 0 .8
1 3 6 .8
1 3 3 .6
1 3 7 .0
1 3 0 .6
1 2 4 .6
E le c tr ic lig h t in g a n d w ir in g e q u ip m e n t ______
_ ______
1 4 8 .3
1 5 5 .0
1 5 3 .5
1 5 2 .6
1 5 0 .7
1 5 2 .1
1 4 5 .9
1 4 4 .2
1 4 1 .9
1 4 9 .7
1 4 8 .1
1 4 2 .0
1 4 0 .9
1 3 4 .0
1 2 3 .2
R a d io a n d T V r e c e i v i n g s e t s ______
1 5 7 .3
1 2 8 .6
1 5 4 .7
1 4 1 .2
1 4 8 .8
1 2 8 .8
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .4
1 2 2 .4
1 2 4 .2
1 2 0 .5
1 2 0 .8
1 2 2 .7
1 0 7 .1
9 1 .8
2 4 4 .1
2 3 3 .0
C o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t. . . . .
2 4 2 .5
2 4 0 .3
2 3 6 .8
2 3 4 .9
2 2 4 .9
2 2 3 .0
2 2 1 .7
2 3 2 .3
2 2 9 .7
2 2 7 .5
2 1 7 .8
2 0 9 .0
2 0 1 .4
3 0 2 .3
2 8 9 .3
E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d a c c e s s o r ie s .
298. Ë
2 9 5 .8
2 9 5 .9
2 9 3 .5
2 8 4 .2
2 6 6 .0
2 6 1 .1
2 5 5 .4
2 8 1 .5
2 7 7 .5
2 7 2 .7
2 3 1 .1
1 9 4 .0
M is c e l l a n e o u s
e le c t r i c a l
e q u ip m e n t
a n d s u p p lie s . . . .
____
_________
7 9 .7
8 9 .8
8 8 .0
8 6 .3
8 1 .8
8 1 .6
8 1 .6
8 0 .5
7 9 .7
7 8 .3
7 8 .5
81.1
82.0
77.3
70.7
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t
_____ ________
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t . .
A ir c r a ft a n d p a r t s . ..
.
__________
S h ip a n d b o a t b u ild in g a n d r e p a ir in g .
R a ilr o a d e q u ip m e n t
...
____
O th e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .

1,418.4 1,413.0 1, 392. 9 1, 215. 4 1,299. 2 1,362.9 1,364.9 1,354. 9 1,352.0 1,337. 6 1,315.7 1,320. 5 1,310.5 1,238.1 1,119.6
702.9 692. 0 519.1 608. 9 685 6 691 5 686 b 690 4 687 6 679 2 697 4 697 7 6b9 b b7Q 9
481.2 473.5 468.0 458.2 451.7 438.1 434.7 429.8 422.2 413.3 405.0 396.1 385.6 357.0 338.6
133.4 141.7 137.8 142.5 144. 1 141.5 142.8 143.8 148.9 147.8 144.7 137.0 135.6 133.0 121. 1
48.4
48.3
47.4
47 1
46 7
4b b
44 9
44 9
4b 2
4b n
43 6
38 8
46 1
47 2
46.5
48.2
46.8
48.4
48 8
48 1
46 6
4b 0
41 8
44 0
41. 9
44 8
50. 5
45 0

I n s tr u m e n t s a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s .
____
E n g in e e r in g a n d s c ie n t if ic in s tr u m e n ts
M e c h a n ic a l m e a s u r in g a n d c o n tr o l d ev ic e s ..
____
. . . .
O p t i c a l a n d o p h t h a l m i c g o o d s _________
O p h t h a l m i c g o o d s ________
______
S u r g ic a l, m e d i c a l , a n d d e n t a l e q u i p m e n t .
P h o t o g r a p h ic e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s
W a t c h e s a n d c lo c k s .
____
_____

282.4

281.7
39.9

279.8
39.0

279.4
38.9

274.9
38.1

277.4
38.3

271.2
37.6

267.9
37.3

267.0
37.7

264.2
37.7

260.6
37.2

259.4
37.1

257.5
37.0

247.3
35.9

234.0
36.0

71.5
36.1

70.7
35.7
25.6
46.6
56. 8
32. 0

70.6
35.6
25.4
46.2
56.8
31.6

70.4
35.1
25.5
46.4
57.6
31.0

70.0
34.0
24.8
45.6
57.3
29.9

70.3
35.0
25 6
45.4
57. 7
30 7

68.1
35.4
2b 7
44.6
55.7

67.8
35.3
2b 7
43.9
55.0

67.1
35.0
2b b
43.8
54.2
29 2

66.4
34.7
2b 3
43.0
53. 7

65.9
33.9
24 6
42.2
52.8

65.6
33.9
24 6
41.8
52.5

65.2
33.7
24 b
41.2
52.0
98 4

64.5
32.6
23 6
39.7
49.0

62.9
30.8

M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s ..
J e w e lr y , s ilv e r w a r e , a n d p la t e d w a r e . . .
T o y s , a m u s e m e n t, a n d s p o r tin g g o o d s .
P e n s , p e n c i l s , o f fic e a n d a r t m a t e r i a l s . .
C o s t u m e j e w e lr y , b u t t o n s , a n d n o t io n s
O th e r m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s
..
M u s ic a l in s tr u m e n ts a n d p a r ts .

373.4
39.3

378.1
38.8
119.9
26.4
49.6
143.4
22.9

372.0
37.9
117.3
26.9
48.5
141.4
22.6

366.7
38.0
111.5
26.9
49.6
140.7
22.6

343.6
34.9
101.2
26.7
45.4
135.4
22.2

358.3
38.1
105.3
26 8
48.5
139.6
22.0

350.6
38.1
101.5
26 1
47.7
137.2
22.1

343.6
38.0
95.3
26 2
47.2
136.9
22.0

336.4
37.6
89.7
26 1
47.0
136.0
22.2

328.8
37.2
85.4
2b b
46.2
134.5
21.9

316.3
36.0
80.2
24 0
43.8
132.3
21.8

349.7
37.3
103.6
26 b
47.5
134.8
21.9

368.9
37.3
119.7
26 6
48.6
136.7
21.8

336.9
35.8
98.4
24 Q
46. 1
131.6
20.5

317.9
34.3
87. 1
93 fi
45. 7
127.1
18. 1

46.6
57.3

142. 2

99 9

37. 5
43.3

N o n d u ra b le goods
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s . .
M e a t p r o d u c t s ..
. ..
D a i r y p r o d u c t s ________ _ .
._ .
C a n n e d a n d p r e se r v e d food , e x c e p t
m e a t s . ____________
.
G r a i n m i l l p r o d u c t s _____
B a k ery p ro d u cts.
... _
S u g a r ___________
..
C o n f e c t io n e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ____
B e v e r a g e s _____ ____
M i s c e l l a n e o u s fo o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s _______
____
.
.
T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ... . . . .
C i g a r e t t e s ______ _____ . . . .
C i g a r s ___________
.
_
T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s _____
C o t t o n b r o a d w o v e n f a b r ic s . . .
S i l k a n d s y n t h e t i c b r o a d w o v e n f a b r ic s .
W e a v i n g a n d f in i s h in g b r o a d w o o l e n s . .
N a r r o w f a b r ic s a n d s m a l l w a r e s . . . . .
K n i t t i n g ______ ___________
F in is h in g t e x t ile s , e x c e p t w o o l a n d k n i t .
F lo o r c o v e r i n g . .. _ .
Y a r n a n d t h r e a d . ____
M i s c e l l a n e o u s t e x t i l e g o o d s ___ __________
S e e f o o tn o te s a t e n d o f t a b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1,211.4 1, 245. 6 1, 283.8 1, 291.0 1, 200. 4 1,151.8 1,093.2 1,086.4 1, 087.1 1,084. 5 1,098. 0 1,145.9 1,204. 5 1,155.1 1,157.3
264.5 265.4 262.9 263.5 261.1 254.9 246.7 243.0 243.5 245.0 246.0 257.5 262.3 251.8 252.5
122.0 123.6 127.2 133.4 135.6 133.7 128.3 126.6 125.0 123.6 123.2 125.3 126.1 131.0 134.8
85.5
164.8
68.4
120.6

281.7
87.7
163.8
42. 3
67.0
120.7

335. 8
88.8
164.6
26. 6
64.5
121.7

33fi 9
9o! 3
167.3

9o! 5
157.1

89.7
166.6

85.3
161.2

83.5
160.7

84.9
161.7

84! 8
160.6

84.5
161.4

85! 4
163.5

86! 4
166.7

88! 2
165.8

"90. 6
167.0

62! 1
124. 2

56! 1
126.0

57.7
122.7

56.7
116.2

56.2
113.7

62.0
111.4

61.9
106.2

62.1
107.3

67.0
111.5

68.2 ■ 61.9
115.6 113.3

62.1
111.8

93.9

93.4

91.7

90.5

89.8

89.9

89.0

89.5

91.5

92.1

92.9

95.5

97.5

93.4

93.2

78.0

81.9
32.3
20. 8

82.1
32. 7
20.6

75.5
32 8
20 4

61.7
32 b
19 b

62.6

61.7

63.6

66.2

69.6

72.3

79.0

77.6

74.6

78.4
31 4

854.8
221.3
87.0
36.3
28.8
210.3
64.7

854.2
219.6
86.5
36.9
28.6
212.8
64.1
35.6
107. 7
62.4

855.5
218.7
86.9
38.2
28.5
214.0
63.9
35.3
108.0
62.0

862.5
219.4
87.4
39.3
28.3
217.2
64.4
34 9
109.6
62.0

843.7
219.3
86.3
39.1
27.1
209.5
63.9
32. 2
106.1
60.0

861.6
220.0
86.8
39.9
28.3
217.3
65.0
33 6
108.5
62.2

849.7
216.8
85.5
39.6
28.0
213.7
64.4

845.6
215.8
85.5
39.3
27.9
211.4
64.3

835.8
214.9
85.1
39.1
27.4
203.4
63.7

829.9
214.8
84.9
38.6
27.0
199.2
63.7

835.9
214.7
85.0
38.5
27.1
204.9
63.9

106.5
61.5

105.7
61.9

841.7
215.7
85.6
39.4
27.6
207.3
63.9
34 0
105.7
62.5

105.4
62.3

105.1
61.9

105.0
61.7

839.4
212.7
84.8
38.3
26.8
213.0
63.4
3b n
103. 7
61. 71

823.1
210.5
82.9
38.8
26.2
205.8
64.5
33 7
101.0
59.7

798.2
208.8
81.7
39.5
24.6
193.1
65.3
39 O
96.8
56.6

108.2
62.5

1422

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

T able A~10.

P roduction or nonsupervisory w orkers in nonagricultural establishm ents, by
in d u stry 1— C ontinued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[ in th o u s a n d s ]

A nnual
average

1965

1966
In d u stry
N o v .2

O c t.2

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Manufacturing—C o n t i n u e d
N o n d u ra b le goods — C o n t i n u e d
A p p a r e l a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s --------------------- 1, 259 9
107. 3
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ s u i t s a n d c o a t s -----------3 3 3 .2
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ f u r n i s h i n g s ____________
W o m e n ’s , m i s s e s ’, a n d j u n i o r s ’ o u t e r ­
3 8 5 .8
w e a r ______________________________________
W o m e n ’s a n d c h i l d r e n ’s u n d e r g a r ­
1 1 6 .2
m e n t s ____________________________________
H a t s , c a p s , a n d m i l l i n e r y . -------- ------------7 1 .6
G ir l s ’ a n d c h i l d r e n ’s o u t e r w e a r -------------F u r g o o d s a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s a p p a r e l .. .
M is c e ll a n e o u s f a b r ic a t e d t e x t i l e p r o d ­
1 5 0 .0
u c t s _______________________________________
P a p e r a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s ---------------------------

Paper and pulp___________________

P a p e r b o a r d ________________________________
C o n v er te d p a p er a n d p a p erb o a rd p rod -

P r i n t i n g , p u b l i s h i n g , a n d a l li e d i n d u s ­
t r i e s ______________________________________
N e w s p a p e r p u b lis h in g a n d p r in tin g —
P e r io d ic a l p u b l i s h i n g a n d p r i n t i n g -----B o o k s ______________________________________
C o m m e r c i a l p r i n t i n g ____________________
B o o k b i n d i n g a n d r e l a t e d i n d u s t r i e s ____
O th e r p u b lis h in g a n d p r in tin g in d u s ­
t r i e s ______________________________________
C h e m i c a l s a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s -----------------I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s _____________________
P l a s t i c s m a t e r ia l s a n d s y n t h e t i c s ---------D r u g s ______________________ _______________
S o a p , c le a n e r s , a n d t o i l e t g o o d s -----------A g r i c u lt u r a l c h e m i c a l s ___
O th e r c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s .

Petroleum refining and related indus­
tries______________________________
Petroleum refining__________________
Other petroleum and coal products___
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic prod­
ucts______________________________
Tires and inner tubes________________
Other rubber products________ ______
Miscellaneous plastic products_______
Leather and leather products....................
Leather tanning and finishing-----------Footwear, except rubber_____________
Other leather products_______________
Handbags and personal leather goods.
Transportation and public utilities :
Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportation___
Intercity and rural bus lines...............
Motor freight transportation and storage.
Public warehousing_________________
Pipeline transportation._____ _________
Communication______________________
Telephone communication___________
Telegraph communication 3__________
Radio and television broadcasting____
Electric, gas, and sanitary services_____
Electric companies and systems______
Gas companies and systems__________
Combined utility systems___________
Water, steam, and sanitary system s...
Wholesale and retail trade_______________
Wholesale trade______________________
Motor vehicles and automotive equip­
m ent____________________________
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products.
Dry goods and apparel______________
Groceries and related products______
Electrical goods.........................................
Hardware, plumbing, and heating goods
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous wholesalers__________
S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

263 5 1, 257. 3 1, 2 6 4 .7 1 ,1 9 8 . 5 1 ,2 5 7 .9 1 ,2 4 1 .6 1 ,2 2 5 .6 1 ,2 4 6 .1 1 ,2 3 8 .6 1 ,1 8 1 .1 1 ,2 2 2 .4 1 ,2 3 0 . 5 1
1 0 6 .4
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .1
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .1
1 0 9 .3
1 0 7 .5
1 1 0 .7
1 0 2 .7
1 0 7 .7
107 0 ' 107. 9
3 2 3 .8
3 2 6 .4
3 2 5 .3
3 1 8 .2
3 3 0 .4
3 2 3 .0
3 3 3 .4
3 2 9 .5
3 3 7 .7
3 2 5 .0
3 3 7 .3
3 3 4 .9
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102.6
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3 8 5 .6

3 8 3 .3

3 8 9 .0

3 6 8 .6

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3 7 4 .2

3 9 0 .0

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3 7 9 .1

3 7 7 .2

3 7 5 .1

3 6 3 .3

1 1 6 .2
2 5 .3
7 1 .8
7 2 .9

1 1 5 .1
2 5 .3
7 1 .5
7 1 .4

1 1 4 .5
2 6 .0
7 3 .5
7 1 .7

106 .1
2 4 .0
7 2 .7
6 6 .5

1 1 2 .4
2 4 .1
7 4 .9
6 9 .4

1 1 0 .6
2 1 .9
7 2 .2
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7 0 .0
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1 0 8 .8
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1 0 4 .1
2 4 .7
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5 0 6 .8
1 6 9 .1
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5 0 6 .9
1 6 9 .3
5 3 .6

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5 0 9 .0
1 6 8 .7
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1 6 9 .1
5 3 .4

4 8 8 .8
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5 3 5 .5
1 7 3 .4
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1 7 1 .9
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1 7 3 .2
5 4 .9

5 3 3 .5
1 7 6 .5
5 5 .2

5 2 7 .8
1 7 8 .0
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5 1 5 .0
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1 7 0 .8
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5 0 9 .6
1 6 9 .7
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1 7 5 .7

1 2 8 .8
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1 7 2 .0

1 2 5 .7
1 6 9 .2

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1 7 1 .4

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1 6 7 .0

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1 6 6 .0

1 2 1 .9
1 6 4 .7

1 2 0 .3
1 6 4 .1

1 1 9 .7
1 6 4 .3

1 2 0 .7
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1 2 0 .2
1 6 6 .3

1 1 6 .6
1 5 9 .3

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6 6 4 .0
1 7 9 .8

6 6 5 .1
181. 5
2 6 .0
5 5 .0
2 6 1 .6
4 6 .4

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1 8 1 .2
2 5 .8
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4 7 .0

6 5 7 .8
1 7 7 .7
2 5 .7
5 6 .5
2 5 6 .5
4 8 .3

6 5 3 .2
1 7 8 .0
2 5 .2
5 5 .9
254. 8
4 6 .9

6 5 3 .0
1 7 8 .2
2 5 .4
5 5 .3
2 5 6 .2
4 6 .3

6 4 5 .6
1 7 7 .8
2 5 .5
5 4 .6
2 5 4 .1
4 4 .0

6 4 5 .2
1 7 8 .7
2 5 .7
5 4 .4
2 5 3 .0
4 4 .2

6 4 0 .5
1 7 5 .3
2 6 .2
5 4 .5
2 5 2 .8
4 3 .8

6 3 8 .1
1 7 7 .3
2 6 .2
5 3 .4
2 4 9 .2
4 2 .8

6 3 2 .9
1 7 6 .6
2 5 .7
5 2 .0
2 4 8 .5
4 2 .0

6 3 7 .8
1 7 9 .5
2 5 .9
5 1 .1
2 4 9 .9
4 2 .7

6 3 6 .4
1 7 9 .1
2 6 .1
5 0 .3
2 4 9 .1
4 2 .6

6 2 1 .8
1 7 5 .6
2 5 .4
4 9 .9
2 4 2 .8
4 1 .8

6 0 2 .1
1 6 9 .7
2 6 .1
4 7 .3
2 3 6 .3
3 9 .5

2 6 1 .7
4 6 .8
9 4 .7

9 4 .6

9 3 .1

9 3 .1

9 2 .4

9 1 .6

8 9 .6

8 9 .2

8 7 .9

8 9 .2

8 8 .1

8 8 .7

8 9 .2

8 6 .3

8 3 .2

5 7 4 .8
1 6 9 .9
1 3 8 .9
6 7 .1
6 8 .9
3 6 .9
3 2 .3
6 0 .8

5 7 6 .2
1 7 0 .1
1 3 8 .9
6 7 .1
6 9 .7
3 6 .9
3 3 .3
6 0 .2

5 7 6 .6
1 7 1 .4
1 3 9 .9
6 7 .3
6 8 .7
3 7 .4
3 1 .8
6 0 .1

5 8 3 .5
1 7 2 .9
1 4 2 .1
6 9 .2
6 8 .6
3 9 .0
3 1 .6
6 0 .1

5 7 7 .8
1 7 1 .8
1 4 1 .2
6 8 .7
6 6 .3
3 8 .7
3 1 .5
5 9 .6

5 7 9 .8
1 7 1 .7
1 4 0 .5
6 8 .0
6 7 .5
3 8 .5
3 5 .7
5 7 .9

5 7 0 .4
1 6 8 .2
1 3 7 .2
6 5 .6
6 5 .6
3 7 .2
4 0 .7
5 5 .9

5 6 7 .7
1 6 8 .1
1 3 7 .0
6 5 .1
6 1 .4
3 6 .7
4 4 .5
5 4 .9

5 6 0 .6
1 6 7 .7
1 3 6 .1
6 5 .1
6 0 .9
3 6 .5
4 0 .2
5 4 .1

5 5 2 .9
1 6 7 .1
1 3 5 .3
6 4 .7
6 2 .6
3 6 .2
3 5 .1
5 1 .9

5 4 8 .1
1 6 5 .8
1 3 5 .1
6 4 .1
6 2 .6
3 5 .9
3 3 .3
5 1 .3

5 4 7 .3
1 6 6 .8
1 3 4 .4
6 4 .3
6 2 .8
3 6 .2
3 2 .1
5 0 .7

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1 6 5 .7
1 3 4 .2
6 3 .8
6 4 .3
3 6 .6
3 1 .2
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5 4 5 .3
1 6 6 .4
1 3 1 .3
6 1 .7
6 4 .4
3 6 .9
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5 0 .0

5 2 9 .4
1 6 5 .5

1 1 4 .3
8 9 .4
2 4 .9

1 1 4 .7
8 8 .9
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1 1 6 .2
8 9 .3
2 6 .9

1 1 8 .2
9 0 .4
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1 1 8 .2
9 0 .3
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1 1 7 .0
8 9 .6
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1 1 3 .7
8 7 .9
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1 1 1 .9
8 7 .6
2 4 .3

1 1 0 .3
8 7 .4
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1 0 9 .8
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1 0 9 .5
8 7 .1
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9 0 .4
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4 1 9 .3
7 7 .9
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1 4 5 .9
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4 0 9 .2
7 7 .2
1 4 5 .0
1 8 7 .0

4 0 6 .1
7 7 .4
1 4 3 .0
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3 9 5 .1
77. 3
140. 0
1 7 7 .8

4 0 0 .5
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1 4 3 .2
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1 4 1 .0
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3 8 7 .6
7 4 .0
1 4 1 .5
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3 8 4 .2
7 3 .8
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1 6 7 .9

3 8 6 .6
7 5 .5
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7 0 .9
1 2 8 .6
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3 1 1 .1
2 7 .2
2 0 6 .8
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2 0 8 .8
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306. 0
27. 2
2 0 7 .8
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74 2 .1
626.1
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634. 0
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222. 5
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5 4 5 .1
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716. f
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2 2 .4
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5 4 2 .2
21 5 .1
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7 0 5 .6
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1 5 6 .9
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8 6 5 .5
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5 9 1 .2
2 2 .1
87.1
5 4 1 .9
2 1 4 .:
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9 0 4 .9
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9 1 2 .2
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7 0 3 .8
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7 9 .3
3 8 .7
8 3 6 .7
7 2 .4
1 6 .9
6 7 4 .5
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5 3 5 .1
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1 5 5 .5
3 3 .4

1 1 ,9 2 3
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11,802
2, 96C

11 ,7 8 7
2 ,9 8 4

11,798
2, 977

1 1 ,8 1 5
2 ,9 4 5

1 1 ,6 4 3
2 ,8 7 5

1 1 ,5 9 5
2, 864

11 ,4 1 9
2 ,8 5 5

1 1 ,3 3 9
2 ,8 5 0

11,433
2 ,8 5 0

1 2 ,3 6 3
2 ,9 0 2

1 1 ,6 8 6
2 ,8 3 3

1 1 ,3 2 6
2 ,8 1 8

1 0 ,8 6 9
2, 719

2 2 3 .7
2 2 0 .2
221.
223.
17 4 .1
172.6
1 7 4 .6
172.
1 2 2 .,
122.
1 2 0 .'
1 2 3 .0
454.
452.
4 6 5 .1
468.
232.
233.
2 2 8 .1
2 2 7 .,
134.
136.
135.
135 .6
542.
541.
535.
537.
1, 009.
1 ,0 0 5 . ill, O il.
1. 009.

2 2 1 .8
171.
120.
4 6 7 .1
22 6 . 0
134.
531.4
996.

2 1 9 .7
1 6 8 .3
.e
4 4 3 .8
2 2 3 .8
132 A
.e
9 7 7 .'

2 1 8 .6
1 6 7 .8
1 1 7 .7
4 3 6 .8
224.
131.
5 1 7 .'
976.

218.
1 6 7 .8
1 1 8 .0
4 3 6 .5
2 2 2 .0
13 1 .0
512.
972.

2 1 7 .4
1 6 7 .;
1 1 7 .6
436.
221. <
131.507 .5
970.

218.
167.
115.1
447.0
219.
130. Í
503.0
966.0

2 1 8 .2
1 6 8 .0
1 1 7 .1
4 6 2 .5
2 1 6 .8
1 3 1 .6
5 0 0 .0
9 7 5 .6

2 1 4 .9
1 6 4 .2
1 1 4 .2
4 4 9 .0
2 1 4 .0
1 2 8 .5
4 9 0 .6
9 5 6 .2

2 0 6 .8
1 5 9 .0
1 1 0 .4
4 3 9 .9
2 0 3 .5
1 2 5 .1
4 6 5 .4
9 2 0 .0

1 2 ,0 9 5
2, 984

118

519

216

2 1 9 .1
170. ‘
117.
4 6 0 .3
2 2 0 .0
1 3 1 .7
5 0 2 .1
9 8 0 .0 1

22.2
86.8

122.2
5 9 .8
6 2 .4
3 6 .3
3 4 .0
4 9 .3

1423

A.— LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT
T able

A-10.

Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry 1—Continued
Revised series; see box below.

[In thousands]

1965

1966

Annual
average

Industry
N o v .2 -Oct.2
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Retail trade_____
______
- -General merchandise stores______ _
Department stores____
..
__
M ail order houses____
Limited price variety stores___
Food stores
_
- ___ _ _ _ _
Grocery, meat, and vegetable sto r es__

9, 111

A p p a r e l a n d a c c e s s o r ie s s t o r e s . .
M e n ' s a n d b o y s ’ a p p a r e l s t o r e s . , ______
W o m e n ’s r e a d y - t o - w e a r s t o r e s ___ _
F a m i l y c l o t h i n g s t o r e s ________ _
S h o e s t o r e s ______________
.
.
F u r n i t u r e a n d a p p l i a n c e s t o r e s __
F u r n i t u r e a n d h o m e f u r n i s h i n g s ________
F a t i n g a n d d r i n k i n g p l a c e s ____
O th e r r e ta il t r a d e . _
_
B u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s a n d h a r d w a r e ____
M o to r v e h ic le d e a le r s .
O t h e r v e h i c l e a n d a c c e s s o r y d e a l e r s ____
_____ ____ ________
D r u g s t o r e s ..
F u e l a n d i c e d e a l e r s . _ __

Finance, insurance, real estate 4. .
B a n k in g
_
__ ___
--_______
C r e d i t a g e n c i e s o t h e r t h a n b a n k s ______ . .
S a v i n g s a n d l o a n a s s o c i a t i o n s ____
____
S e c u r i t y d e a l e r s a n d e x c h a n g e s __ __
I n s u r a n c e c a r r i e r s _______
.
L i f e i n s u r a n c e ____ . .
_____
_____
A c c i d e n t a n d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e _____ ____
F ir e , m a r in e , a n d c a s u a lt y in s u r a n c e . .

8,943
1,845. 4
1,159. 5
122.5
307.7
1,464.3
1, 296.0
' 5 9 8 .2

Sept.

Aug.

June

July

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

1965

1964

8,842 8, 803 8, 821 8,870 8,768 8,731 8,564 8, 489 8,577 9,461 8,803 8, 508 8,151
1, 779. 6 1, 734.8 1,731.7 1,750.1 1, 732. 7 1, 729. 2 1, 690. 3 1,669. 9 1, 758.1 2,331.1 1,908.2 1,721. 2 1, 613. 0
1,113.2 1, 084. 6 1, 087. 5 1,100.8 1, 089. 4 1, 083. 6 1, 061. 3 1, 048. 0 1,108. 7 1, 487.9 1,196. 2 1,076.0 998.0
112.2 108.7 107.0 106.6 105.1 106.7 108.5 110.7 122.5 155.2 140.7 112.1 101.3
301.3 287.1 283.7 289.3 292.9 296.8 287.2 279.0 291.1 390.8 319.8 293.4 285.4
1, 443. 8 1,431.4 1, 438.9 1,440. 0 1,433. 0 1,425. 6 1, 425. 6 1, 419. 4 1, 410. 5 1, 432. 3 1,401. 4 1,368. 7 1,320. 9
1,278. 6 1 ,2 6 9 .1 1 ,2 7 6 .8 1, 274. 5 1, 2 6 7 .8 1 ,2 5 9 . 2 1 ,2 6 2 .1 1, 253. 4 1, 249. 2 1, 258. 6 1, 2 3 5 .8 1 ,2 0 4 .8 1 ,1 6 0 . 6
586.6 5 6 7 .0 5 6 7 .7 5 8 5 .7 5 7 9 .6 5 9 6 .0 5 5 9 .1 5 5 1 .1 5 7 2 .2 7 0 6 .1 5 9 2 .3 5 7 5 .0 5 5 7 .0

9 0 .2
9 7 .9
9 4 .6
9 6 .8
1 0 1 .3
1 2 6 .7
9 5 .5
9 5 .7
9 3 .7
9 6 .7
9 8 .9
9 6 .2
99. 5
9 7 .7
2 1 1 .2
2 2 0 .4
2 0 3 .8
2 5 6 .7
2 1 3 .7
2 0 9 .1
2 1 5 .3
2 0 8 .1
2 1 6 .0
2 1 5 .9
2 1 1 .7
2 0 9 .2
2 2 1 .4
2 1 3 .6
9 5 .6
9 3 .3
1 2 2 .3
9 6 .7
9 5 .4
8 8 .8
8 8 .9
9 0 .6
9 1 .1
9 4 .8
9 0 .6
9 3 .2
9 6 .2
9 4 .6
1 0 4 .4
1 2 5 .5
1 0 2 .7
1 0 0 .4
1 0 9 .0
1 0 8 .1
1 1 1 .9
1 2 7 .5
1 0 4 .7
1 1 0 .4
1 0 7 .0
1 0 6 .1
1 1 4 .1
1 1 3 .1
3
4 9 .8
3 7 0 .3
3 8 8 .7
3 7 5 .0
3 6 3 .6
3 6 9 .4
3 6 9 .8
3 6 9 .0
3 7 0 .3
3 7 3 .6
3 7 5 .1
3 7 5 .3
3 7 9 .3
3 7 5 .5
2 4 1 .1
2 3 4 .4
2 2 5 .8
2 3 5 .9
2 3 5 .6
2 3 6 .9
2 5 0 .7
2 3 7 .4
2 4 0 .5
2 3 6 .1
2 4 1 .5
2 3 9 .5
2 4 1 .9
2 4 0 .3
1 ,9 1 3 . 7 1 ,9 1 8 .0 1 ,9 3 2 .4 1 ,9 3 4 .8 1 ,9 4 0 . 2 1 ,9 0 3 . 9 1 ,8 6 9 . 4 1 ,8 1 9 .2 1 ,7 8 9 . 3 1 ,7 7 1 .6 1, 809. 2 1 ,8 1 0 . 5 1 ,8 0 6 . 7 1 ,7 2 2 . 0
2, 742. 2 2, 738. 8 2 ,7 6 2 .0 2 ,7 7 2 . 5 2 ,7 8 0 . 0 2 ,7 4 8 . 7 2 ,7 4 1 .2 2, 7 0 0 .3 2, 690. 5 2, 694. 7 2, 793. 4 2, 7 1 5 .9 2 ,6 7 2 .8 2, 587. 8
4 6 0 .5
4 7 3 .1
4 7 3 .9
4 5 8 .1
4 6 7 .1
4 6 1 .6
4 5 2 .8
4 7 6 .6
4 7 3 .7
4 9 2 .3
4 9 0 .9
4 8 6 .7
4 6 8 .7
4 7 3 .0
5 9 6 .8
6 3 8 .4
6 3 8 .2
6 3 7 .9
6 3 5 .5
6 2 6 .0
6 3 9 .0
6 3 9 .7
6 4 2 .0
6 3 6 .9
6 4 0 .8
6 3 8 .9
6 3 4 .5
6 3 6 .8
1
4 4 .4
1 5 4 .1
1 5 2 .5
1 5 5 .8
1 6 6 .5
1 6 2 .0
1 5 4 .9
1 6 2 .9
1 5 9 .6
16 8 .1
1 6 6 .3
1 6 9 .0
1 6 4 .6
1 6 5 .8
3 6 6 .2
3 5 4 .8
3 9 5 .4
3 7 5 .1
3 7 1 .9
3 7 4 .7
3 7 5 .8
3 7 2 .7
3 7 6 .5
3 7 5 .7
3 7 9 .1
3 7 7 .9
3 8 1 .2
3 8 3 .6
1 0 2 .4
9 8 .2
9 5 .6
9 5 .9
9 5 .2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .0
8 8 .8
9 1 .6
8 9 .7
8 8 .9
9 4 .9
9 0 .1
2 ,4 6 6

2 ,4 7 3
6 9 1 .5
264. 4
7 5 .6
1 2 4 .1
6 3 9 .4
2 7 8 .7
56. 5
2 7 1 .9

2 ,4 8 5
6 9 2 .8
2 6 5 .3
7 5 .4
124. 5
6 4 1 .2
2 7 9 .8
55. 4
2 7 3 .3

2 ,5 2 2
7 0 1 .9
2 6 9 .5
7 7 .4
1 2 6 .5
6 4 7 .5
2 8 2 .6
2 7 5 .9

2 ,5 2 6
6 9 8 .3
2 6 9 .7
7 8 .4
1 2 7 .7
6 4 5 .4
2 8 2 .2
5 4 .4
2 7 4 .5

55.5

2 ,4 9 3
6 8 5 .1
2 6 6 .9
7 7 .5
1 2 5 .5
6 3 5 .5
2 7 7 .8
5 2 .1
2 7 1 .4

2 ,4 5 4
6 7 1 .9
2 6 5 .2
7 7 .6
1 2 3 .2
6 2 8 .2
2 7 6 .0
4 9 .9
2 6 8 .2

2 ,4 4 1
6 7 1 .3
2 6 5 .5
7 8 .8
1 2 1 .7
6 2 8 .5
2 7 7 .4
4 9 .0
2 6 8 .0

2 ,4 3 1
6 6 9 .1
2 6 6 .3
7 8 .8
1 2 0 .6
6 2 9 .0
2 7 7 .4
4 8 .3
2 6 9 .2

2 ,4 1 3
6 6 6 .2
2 6 5 .3
7 8 .8
1 1 7 .9
6 2 6 .9
2 7 7 .5
4 7 .5
2 6 7 .7

2 ,4 1 0
6 6 5 .3
2 6 6 .9
8 0 .0
1 1 5 .2
6 2 6 .6
2 7 7 .7
4 7 .1
2 6 7 .4

2 ,4 3 2
6 6 8 .9
2 6 7 .4
7 9 .7
1 1 5 .8
6 3 1 .0
2 7 9 .9
4 7 .0
2 6 8 .9

2 ,4 3 0
6 6 6 .8
2 6 5 .9
7 9 .3
1 1 4 .8
6 3 1 .0
2 7 9 .8
4 6 .7
2 6 9 .3

2 ,4 2 5
6 6 2 .6
2 6 3 .3
7 9 .7
1 1 3 .8
6 3 2 .7
2 8 1 .7
4 6 .5
2 6 9 .1

2 ,3 8 6
6 4 5 .9
2 5 4 .1
7 8 .2
1 1 1 .6
6 3 8 .9
2 8 3 .7
4 7 .0
2 7 1 .3

Services and miscellaneous::
H o t e ls a n d lo d g in g p la c e s :
T T otels, t o u r i s t c o u r t s , a n d m o t e l s . _
P e r so n a l s e r v ic e s :
L a u n d r ie s , c le a n in g a n d d y e in g p la n t s .
M o tio n p ic tu r e s :
M o t io n p ic tu r e f ilm in g a n d d is tr ib u t i o n _______________________________________

5 4 8 .5

5 7 3 .0

6 1 0 .5

6 1 2 .9

5 8 5 .7

5 5 6 .5

5 4 1 .9

5 2 4 .4

5 2 2 .0

5 1 0 .8

5 1 5 .0

5 1 8 .9

5 4 1 .8

5 3 2 .4

5 0 2 .7

4 9 9 .7

5 0 8 .2

5 1 2 .0

5 1 1 .5

4 9 9 .7

4 9 4 .3

4 8 9 .0

4 8 4 .7

4 8 6 .8

4 9 0 .3

4 9 2 .9

4 9 0 .3

4 7 4 .4

3 4 .8

3 3 .8

3 5 .9

3 6 .6

3 2 .9

2 8 .8

2 8 .6

2 9 .5

2 9 .7

3 2 .1

3 4 .8

3 2 .1

3 0 .3

27. 2

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1966, and coverage of these series, see footnote 1, table A-9.
For mining and manufacturing data, refer to production and related
workers; for contract construction, to construction workers; and for all other
industries, to nonsupervisory workers.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper­
visory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing,
warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, and watchmen
services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use
(e.g., powerplant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated
with the above production operations.
Construction workers include working foremen, journeymen, mechanics,
apprentices, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition,

repair, and maintenance, etc., at the site of construction or working in shop
or yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory workers include employees (not above the working super­
visory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons,
operators, drivers, attendants, service employees, linemen, laborers, janitors,
watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
* Nonoffice salesmen excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series
in this division.

Caution
The revised series on employment, hours, and earnings, and labor turnover in non­
agricultural establishments should not be compared with those published in issues prior
to October 1966. (See footnote 1, table A-9, and “BLS Establishment Employment
Estimates Revised to March 1965 Benchmark Levels” appearing in the September 1966
issue of E m p lo y m e n t a n d E arnings and M o n th ly R ep o rt on th e L abor Force.) More­
over, when the figures are again adjusted to new benchmarks, the data presented in this
issue should not be compared with those in later issues which reflect the adjustments.
Comparable data for earlier periods are published in E m p lo y m e n t a n d Earnings
S ta tis tic s for th e U n ited S ta te s , 1909-66 (BLS Bulletin 1312-4), which is available at
depository libraries or which may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents
for $4.50 a copy.
For an individual industry, earlier data may be obtained upon request
to the Bureau.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1424
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

A -ll.

Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups,
seasonally adjusted 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[ in t h o u s a n d s ]
1966

1965

I n d u s t r y d iv is io n a n d g r o u p
N o v .2
T o t a l ___________ _______ ____________

__

M i n i n g ......... .....................................

_

C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n ..

..........

. _____ _ _

64, 699
_
...

M a n u f a c t u r i n g . . . _ _ _________ _____ _____ __ . .
D u r a b le g o o d s .
_____
. . .
...
_
. . .
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ..
____ ______
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t f u r n it u r e . .
F u r n it u r e a n d f ix t u r e s .
S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ____ __
P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s _______
F a b r ic a te d m e t a l p r o d u c ts .
.
.
M a c h in e r y
_
. . . _____ . . .
E le c tr ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s .
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t . _ .
I n s tr u m e n t s a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s
N o n d u r a b l e g o o d s ____
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts
.
T o b a cco m a n u fa ctu r e s
T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts .
A p p a r e l a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s .
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s . .
P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llie d in d u s t r ie s . .
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts
P e t r o le u m r e fin in g a n d r e la te d in d u s t r ie s .
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic p r o d u c ts
L ea th er a n d lea th e r p ro d u cts
T r a n s p o r ta tio n a n d p u b lic u t ilit ie s
W h o le s a le a n d r e ta il tr a d e . . .
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________
R e t a il t r a d e .

O c t .2

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

64, 428

6 4 ,1 6 8

6 4 ,1 9 9

6 4 ,0 7 2

6 3 ,9 8 3

63, 517

6 3 ,3 5 0

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

63, 247

6 2 ,8 1 1

6 2 ,4 6 9

62, 241

6 1 ,8 6 4

623

625

628

636

636

632

628

595

637

634

635

633

631

3 ,1 9 1

3, 203

3, 228

3 ,2 5 1

3 ,2 9 7

3 ,3 0 0

3, 238

3 ,3 3 3

3, 419

3 ,3 2 3

3 ,3 1 8

3, 334

3 ,2 3 4

1 9 ,4 0 8

1 9 ,3 1 5

19, 204

19, 262

1 9 ,1 2 8

1 9 ,1 6 7

1 9 ,0 0 2

18, 923

1 8 ,8 4 0

18, 722

18, 566

1 8 ,4 9 2

18, 392

1 1 ,4 2 3
269
606
463
635
1 ,3 5 3
1 ,3 7 6
1 ,9 1 8
1 ,9 6 7
1 ,9 5 3
439
444

1 1 ,3 8 6
266
606
460
634
1 ,3 5 2
1 ,3 6 3
1 ,9 1 1
1 ,9 6 2
1 ,9 5 2
438
442

1 1 ,3 2 2
262
609
459
633
1 ,3 4 1
1 ,3 5 7
1 ,9 0 3
1 ,9 4 1
1 ,9 4 5
432
440

11, 324
260
621
462
637
1 ,3 5 1
1 ,3 6 0
1 ,9 0 1
1 ,9 4 8
1 ,9 1 0
431
443

1 1 ,2 1 0
257
622
456
643
1 ,3 3 8
1 ,3 4 6
1 ,8 8 8
1 ,9 0 3
1 ,8 8 8
430
439

1 1 ,2 2 0
257
628
458
641
1 ,3 3 3
1 ,3 4 8
1 ,8 6 5
1 ,9 0 4
1 ,9 1 5
428
443

1 1 ,1 2 2
253
623
456
643
1 ,3 1 5
1 ,3 4 1
1, 846
1 ,8 7 7
1 ,9 0 1
424
443

1 1 ,0 6 5
249
633
451
647
1 ,3 0 7
1 ,3 4 5
1 ,8 2 7
1 ,8 6 0
1 ,8 8 7
418
441

11, 007
245
642
451
649
1 ,3 0 0
1 ,3 4 4
1 ,8 1 8
1 ,8 2 4
1 ,8 8 1
415
438

1 0 ,9 1 1
243
633
448
646
1 ,2 9 5
1 ,3 3 2
1 ,8 1 0
1 ,8 0 5
1 ,8 5 3
412
434

1 0 ,8 0 5
238
638
446
648
1, 290
i ; 322
1 ,7 9 7
1, 773
l ’ 819
406
428

10, 725
232
626
442
642
1 ,2 8 4
i; 3 io
1 ,7 8 6
l ’ 751
1 ,8 0 7
401
444

10, 641
234
618
437
635
1 ,2 8 0
1 ,3 0 4
1 ,7 7 9
1, 727
1 ,7 9 5
'3 9 7
435

7, 985
1 ,7 7 9
86
954
1 ,4 0 5
683
1, 042
970
183
529
354

7 ,9 2 9
1, 753
78
950
1 ,4 0 2
676
1, 039
970
182
524
355

7, 882
1 ,7 3 7
79
952
1 ,3 9 0
670
1 ,0 3 5
965
182
517
355

7, 938
1 ,7 6 5
80
957
1 ,3 9 5
677
1 ,0 3 5
968
184
520
357

7 ,9 1 8
1 ,7 6 3
85
955
1 ,3 8 8
679
1 ,0 3 1
963
186
518
350

7 ,9 4 7
1 ,7 6 0
86
957
1 ,4 2 4
674
1, 026
961
183
515
361

7 ,8 8 0
1 ,7 4 8
85
952
1 ,4 1 2
665
1 ,0 1 8
945
183
508
364

7 ,8 5 8
1 ,7 5 7
86
950
1 ,3 9 6
664
1, 017
937
182
506
363

7 ,8 3 3
1 ,7 6 7
86
948
1 ,3 8 6
662
1 ,0 0 9
936
181
500
358

7 ,8 1 1
1, 762
85
945
1 ,3 8 4
661
1 ,0 0 7
932
181
496
358

7 ,7 6 1
1 ,7 5 8
85
942
1 ,3 5 6
657
1 ,0 0 3
927
182
494
357

7 ,7 6 7
1 ,7 5 8
86
939
1 ,3 8 1
654
997
924
182
492
354

7 ,7 5 1
1 ,7 7 6
85
935
1 ,3 7 0
650
995
919
182
486
353

4 ,1 8 0

4 ,1 6 3

4 ,1 6 8

4 ,1 0 5

4 ,1 2 2

4 ,1 4 3

4 ,1 3 2

4 ,1 1 4

4 ,1 0 9

4 ,1 0 5

4, 091

4, 083

4 ,0 8 0

1 3 ,3 5 5
3, 500
9, 855

1 3 ,3 3 1
3, 486
9, 845

1 3 ,2 6 8
3 ,4 7 4
9, 794

13, 264
3 ,4 8 3
9, 781

1 3 ,2 5 6
3 ,4 8 3
9, 773

13, 217
3, 470
9, 747

1 3 ,1 6 4
3 ,4 4 5
9, 719

1 3 ,1 2 8
3, 434
9 ,6 9 4

1 3 ,0 8 5
3 ,4 2 2
9, 663

13, 045
3, 404
9 ,6 4 1

1 3 ,0 0 9
3 ,3 9 1
9, 618

1 2 ,9 4 1
3, 378
9 ,5 6 3

1 2 ,8 8 0
3 ,3 6 7
9 ,5 1 3

F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s ta te

3 ,1 0 7

3 ,1 0 2

3 ,1 0 0

3 ,1 0 0

3, 095

3 ,0 9 0

3, 076

3 ,0 6 8

3 ,0 6 4

3 ,0 5 1

3, 052

3 ,0 4 9

3 ,0 4 5

S e r v ic e a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s . .

9, 770

9, 706

9, 649

9, 647

9 ,6 0 9

9, 549

9 ,5 1 5

9 ,4 8 4

9 ,4 6 3

9, 410

9, 363

9 ,3 2 9

9 ,2 8 2

11, 065
2 ,6 0 8
8, 457

10, 983
2, 589
8, 394

10, 923
2, 594
8 ,3 2 9

1 0 ,9 3 4
2, 610
8, 324

1 0 ,9 2 9
2 ,6 0 1
8 ,3 2 8

10, 885
2 ,5 7 1
8 ,3 1 4

10, 762
2 ,5 2 3
8 ,2 3 9

10, 705
2 ,5 0 1
8 ,2 0 4

10, 630
2 ,4 7 7
8 ,1 5 3

10, 521
2 ,4 5 1
8, 070

10, 435
2, 423
8, 012

1 0 ,3 8 0
2 ,3 9 7
7 ,9 8 3

1 0 ,3 2 0
2 ,4 0 0
7 ,9 2 0

G overn m en t
F e d e r a l . . ______
S t a t e a n d l o c a l ____ _____

1 For c o v e r a g e o f t h e s e r i e s , s e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e A - 9 .
.P r e lim in a r y .

N ote : T h e s e a s o n a l a d j u s t m e n t m e t h o d u s e d i s d e s c r i b e d in T he B L S
S ea so n a l F actor M ethod (1966) w h i c h m a y b e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e B u r e a u o n
r e q u e st.

T able

A-12.

Production workers in manufacturing industries, by major industry group, seasonally
adjusted 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[in th o u sa n d s]
1966

1965

M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p
N o v .2
M a n u fa c tu r in g .. _
D u r a b l e g o o d s _______________
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s . . . . .
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n it u r e
F u r n itu r e a n d f ix t u r e s .
S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ____
P r im a r y m e t a l in d u s tr ie s .
F a b r ic a te d m e t a l p r o d u c ts
M a c h in e r y .
E le c tr ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t .
I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s . .
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s .
N o n d u r a b l e g o o d s _.
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts
T o b a cc o m a n u fa ctu r e s
T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts . .
..
A p p a r e l a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s .
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s .
_
P r i n t i n g , p u b l i s h i n g , a n d a l li e d i n d u s t r i e s .
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts
P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g a n d r e la t e d i n d u s t r i e s . . .
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic p r o d u c ts . . .
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p r o d u c ts ..

.

O c t .2

S ep t.

A ug.

J u ly

1 4 ,4 4 1

1 4 ,3 5 8

14, 268

1 4 ,3 3 0

1 4 ,2 0 1

8 ,4 7 0
131
527
383
506
1 ,1 0 5
1, 073
1 ,3 5 5
1 ,3 6 9
1 ,3 8 9
279
353

8, 445
128
528
381
508
1 ,1 0 4
1 ,0 6 2
1 ,3 4 8
1 ,3 6 4
1 ,3 9 1
280
351

8 ,3 9 5
126
531
380
507
1, 092
1 ,0 5 5
1 ,3 3 9
1 ,3 5 0
1 ,3 8 9
277
349

8 ,3 9 5
124
542
382
512
1 ,1 0 0
1 ,0 6 0
1 ,3 3 8
1 ,3 5 3
1 ,3 5 3
278
353

5 ,9 7 1
1 ,1 8 8
73
851
1 ,2 4 9
533
660
580
115
413
309

5 ,9 1 3
1 ,1 5 8
66
847
1 ,2 4 7
525
660
577
114
409
310

5, 873
1 ,1 4 5
67
848
1 ,2 3 4
520
657
575
114
403
310

5 ,9 3 5
1 ,1 7 0
68
856
1 ,2 3 9
528
659
582
115
406
312

•> F o r d e f i n i t i o n ° f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s , s e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e A - 1 0 .

- P r e lim in a r y .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

14, 281

1 4 ,1 5 4

1 4 ,1 0 0

1 4 ,0 4 8

13, 967

1 3 ,8 3 3

13, 779

13, 706

8 ,2 9 3
122
543
378
515
1 ,0 9 0
1 ,0 4 3
1 ,3 3 1
1 ,3 2 0
1 ,3 2 4
277
350

8, 328
120
550
381
515
1 ,0 8 6
1 ,0 4 8
1 ,3 1 2
1 ,3 2 7
1 ,3 5 8
276
355

8 ,2 6 1
118
546
379
516
1 ,0 7 0
1 ,0 4 6
1 ,2 9 9
1 ,3 0 8
1 ,3 5 1
273
355

8, 226
114
554
374
521
1 ,0 6 6
1 ,0 4 9
1 ,2 8 4
1 ,2 9 7
1 ,3 4 4
270
353

8 ,1 9 0
112
563
375
525
1 ,0 5 8
1 ,0 4 7
1 ,2 7 8
1 ,2 6 8
1 ,3 4 4
269
351

8 ,1 2 3
110
556
372
520
1 ,0 5 5
1 ,0 3 9
1 ,2 7 4
1 ,2 6 0
1 ,3 2 3
266
348

8 ,0 3 3
106
557
370
525
1 ,0 5 1
1 ,0 2 9
1 ,2 6 2
1 ,2 3 3
1 ,2 9 6
261
343

7 ,9 7 3
100
549
367
516
1 ,0 4 4
1 ,0 2 0
1, 256
1, 216
1, 290
258
357

7, 905
101
542
362
509
1 ,0 4 3
1 ,0 1 5
1 ,2 5 0
1 ,1 9 5
1 ,2 8 4
' 255
349

5 ,9 0 8
1 ,1 6 5
73
850
1 ,2 3 2
530
656
577
115
403
307

5 ,9 5 3
1 ,1 6 6
74
854
1 ,2 6 8
525
654
578
115
403
316

5 ,8 9 3
1 ,1 5 4
73
850
1 ,2 5 7
519
648
564
113
396
319

5 ,8 7 4
1 ,1 6 3
74
847
1 ,2 3 9
518
647
559
113
395
319

5 ,8 5 8
1 ,1 7 4
74
846
1 ,2 3 0
515
642
560
112
390
315

5, 844
1 ,1 6 9
73
843
1 ,2 3 1
514
641
558
113
387
315

5 ,8 0 0
1 ,1 6 3
73
842
1 ,2 0 4
' 512
639
555
113
386
313

5 ,8 0 6
1 ,1 6 3
73
838
2 ,2 2 9
509
633
553
113
384
311

5 ,8 0 1
1 ,1 8 2
72
835
1, 220
506
633
551
113
379
310

N ote : T h e s e a s o n a l a d j u s t m e n t m e t h o d u s e d i s d e s c r i b e d i n The B L S
S ea so n a l F actor M ethod (1966) w h i c h m a y b e o b t a i n e d fr o m t h e B u r e a u o n
r e q u e st.

1425

A.—LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT
T able

A-13.

Unemployment insurance and employment service program operations 1
[All items except average benefit amounts are in thousands]
1965

1966
Item
Sept.
Employm ent service: 2
N ew applications for work.
Nonfarm placements--------

801
619

Aug.

869
619

July

896
549

June

M ay

1,314
622

906
568

Apr.

806
533

Mar.

850
547

Feb.

Dec.

Jan.

852
460

Nov.

Oct.

Sept

857
644

795
531

905
452

State unemployment insurance programs:
760
791
1,004
1,285
985
1,399
665
693
690
1,019
826
626
Initial claims 34----------------------------------Insured unem ploym ent5 (average weekly
959
916
1,033
1,307
1,644
1,590
1,301
1,044
862
793
947
755
928
volume) 6----------------------------------------2.2
2.0
2.3
3.0
3.6
2.9
3.7
2.3
1.9
1.8
2.1
Rate of insured unemployment 4-----------3,129
3,669
3,495
4, 555
5, 587
5,653
5,852
4,098
3,385
3,022
3,087
2,817 3,639
Weeks of unemployment com pensated...
Average weekly benefit amount for total
$39. 68 $40.65 $39. 05 $38.72 $38.86 $39.38 $39.83 $39.66 $39.36 $38.81 $38.08 $37.32 $37.23
unem ployment-------------------------------Total benefits paid------------------------------ $106, 548 $143, 058 $113,812 $114,358 $126,149 $155,494 $225,472 $217,171 $212,659 $172,110 $132,158 $117, 784 $138, 580

1.6

Unemployment compensation for ex-servicemen: 8 8
Initial claims 86----------------------------------Insured unemployment « (average weekly
volum e)._____________ ____ _________
Weeks of unemployment compensated—
Total benefits paid------------- -------------

15
63
$2,561

2.0

19
81
,204

19
63
$2,443

Unemployment compensation for Federal
civilian employees: 910
Initial claims 3________________________
Insured unem ploym ent5 (average weekly
volum e)-----------------------------------------Weeks of unemployment com pensated...
Total benefits paid------------------ ----- ■

16
67
$2,731

18
79
,239

19
65
$2,645

Railroad unemployment insurance:
Applications 11________________________
Insured unemployment (average weekly
volum e)-------------------------------- -—
Number of payments 12----------------------Average amount of benefit p aym en tI3. . .
Total benefits paid 14---------------------------

16
36
$72. 07
$2, 422

15
35
$74.96
$2,499

16
31
$72.16
$2,138

802

980

1,001

All programs: 13
Insured unem ploym ent1

27

92
$3, 558

121

120

$4,620

4,572

29
109
$4,319

20

20

18

16

32
126
$4,816

29

25
94
$3,654

24
95
$3,712

17
72
$2,872

18
76
$2,936

18
79
$3,255

18
78
$3,217

92
$3, 718

26
118
4,717

18
77
$50.55
$3,750

23
53
$69. 79
$3, 606

26
69
$77.68
$5,154

28
54
$79.10
$4,148

$77.32
$5,092

1,112

1,381

1,679

1,739

111

,278

28
120

$4, 637

10

21

15
54
$60.07
$2,913

19
79
$3,338

21

20

82
$3,336

74
$3,141

22

$71.04
$4, 587

25
52
$75.89
$3,840

50
$74.20
$3, 550

24
52
$74. 03
$3,746

1,394

1,123

1,013

1,067

29
100

$3,973

11

25

4 Includes data for Puerto Rico beginning January 1961 when the Common­
wealth’s program became part of the Federal-State U I system.
2 Includes Guam and the Virgin Islands.
u
. ..
3 Initial claims are notices filed by workers to indicate they are starting
periods of unemployment. Excludes transitions claims under State programs.
4 Includes interstate claims for the Virgin Islands.
s Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem­
ployment.
,
A. , , , .
, ,,
« Initial claims and State insured unemployment include data under tne
program for Puerto Rican sugarcane workers.
7 The rate is the number of insured unemployed expressed as a percent of
the average covered employment in a 12-month period.
8 Excludes data on claims and payments made jointly with other programs.
9 Includes the Virgin Islands.
19 Excludes data on claims and payments made jointly with State programs.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

31

22

30
68

11 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning
of his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is re­
quired for subsequent periods in the same year.
12 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods.
43 The average amount is an average for all compensable periods, not ad­
justed for recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
44Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments.
43 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, Ex-servicemen and U C FE programs and the Railroad Unemployment
Insurance Act.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security for
all items except railroad unemployment insurance which is prepared by the
U.S. Railroad Retirement Board.

1426

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

B.—Labor Turnover
T able

B -l.

Labor turnover rates, by major industry group 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[Per 100 employees]
1966

1965

Annual
average

Major industry group
Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

1965

1964

Accessions: Total
Manufacturing:
A ctual_____________________________
S e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ____________________

Durable goods____ ____________________
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture_________________________
Furniture and fixtures______ ____ ____
Stone, clay, and glass products...........
Primary metal industries______ ____ _
Fabricated metal products___________
M achinery_________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries ______________________________
Nondurable goods________________ ____
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures_______________
Textile mill products________________
Apparel and related products________
Paper and allied products____________
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tries______________________________
Chemicals and allied products_______
Petroleum refining and related indus­
tries______________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products__________________________
Leather and leather produ cts......... .
N onmanufacturing:
M etal m ining_________________________
Coal m ining__________________________

5.0
5.0

6.1
5. 0

6.4
5.1

5.1
j.6

6.7
5.3

5.1
5.1

4.6
4.8

4.9
5.2

4.2
4.9

4.6
4.9

3.1
4.8

3.9
4-9

4.5
4.5

4.3

4. 0

4.7
3.7

5.9
4.3

6.2
4.2

4.5
3.8

6.5
4.8

4.9
3.6

4.6
3.6

4.9
3.7

4.2
3.4

4.7
3.5

3.1
2.0

3.9
2.8

4.2
3.4

4.1
2.9

3. 7
2.0

5.6
7.0
3.7
3.1
5. 5
3.9
5. 0
5.1
4. 4

6.9
8. 5
4. 5
3.8
6. 2
4. 2
5. 5
8. 4
4. 2

7.0
8.9
5.0
4. 4
7.1
4.4
5.9
9.0
4.3

6.4
6.8
4.6
3.0
5.2
3.8
4.3
4.5
4.1

10.2
7.8
6.7
5.6
6.9
5.7
6.2
6.2
5.9

8.6
6.8
5.3
3.8
5.5
3.9
4.6
4.8
3.9

8.8
6.3
5.5
3.4
5.0
3.6
4.3
4.2
3.4

7.3
6.5
5.7
3.9
5.2
3.8
4.7
5.4
3.8

5.9
5.6
3.8
3.5
4.6
3.5
4.2
4.3
3.5

6.1
5.6
4.0
4.0
5.0
3.9
4.7
5.2
3.6

3.7
3.8
2.4
2.7
3.2
2.7
3.4
3.5
2.5

4.9
5.3
2.8
3.0
4.3
3.4
4.2
4.1
2.9

5.4
6.2
3.4
2.5
4.9
3.3
4.6
4.8
3.2

6. 0
5.5
4.0
2.9
4.6
3.3
3.9
4.7
3.2

5. 3
4.8
3.8
3. 0
4.2
3. 0
3.3
4.1
2.8

6.8

9.2

8.3

7.7

7.8

7. 0

6.8

6.9

6.5

6.7

3.3

4.7

6.3

6.3

5.7

5.3
7.6
5. 2
5. 2
5. 6
4.3

6.3
9. 2
7.1
5.9
6.7
4.8

6.7
10.3
15.9
6.3
7.5
4.4

6.0
9.2
9.0
5.3
7.4
3.9

7.1
10.2
4.8
6.3
7.0
6.8

5.3
6.7
3.7
5.5
6.8
4.3

4.7
5.7
3. 0
5.5
5.6
3.7

4.8
5.5
4.2
5.3
5.8
3.8

4.2
4.6
4.5
4.4
5.8
3.2

4.4
4.4
4.9
4.6
6.4
3.3

3.1
3.4
7.7
3.1
3.7
2.3

4.0
5.1
4.2
4.0
4.9
2.9

4.8
6.8
4.8
4.6
5.7
3.4

4.6
6.1
6.0
4.3
5.8
3.2

4.3
6.1
6.8
3.8
5.5
2.8

4.0
2.6

4.9
3.0

4.4
2.8

3.7
2.6

5.5
5.1

3.8
3.1

3.4
2.8

3.5
3.4

3.2
2.6

3.2
2.5

2.5
1.7

3.0
2.0

3.4
2.1

3.2
2.4

3.1
2.1

1.6

2.0

2.0

2.2

4.5

2.3

2.3

1.9

1.5

1.9

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.8

1.6

5.7
6.6

6.9
6.6

7.1
7.3

5.9
7.5

7.3
7.4

5.4
6.5

4.9
5.5

5.3
6.0

4.4
6.1

4.7
7.1

3.1
4.4

4.4
5.5

4.9
5.5

4.4
5.4

3.9
5.1

2.6
1.9

3.0
1.8

3.6
2.2

3.2
1.6

6.4
1.8

3.9
1.7

3.4
1.7

2.9
1.7

2.9
1.4

3.3
1.8

2.5
1.1

2.8
1.5

2.6
1.8

3.2
1.7

3.2
1.7

Accessions: N ew hires
Manufacturing:
Actual_____________________________
Seasonally adjusted ______________________
Durable goods________________ ____ ___
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture__________________________
Furniture and fixtures_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries____________
Fabricated metal products___________
M achinery_________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products_____
Miscellaneous manufacturing indus­
tries____ _________________________
N ondurable g o o d s.____ _______________
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures_______________
Textile m ill products________________
Apparel and related products_________
Paper and allied products____________
Printing, publishing, and allied indus­
tries______________________________
Chemicals and allied products________
Petroleum refining and related indus­
tries ______________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products__________________________
Leather and leather products_________
NTonmanufacturing:
M etal mining_________________________
Coal m ining__________________________
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4.1
3.9

4.7
3.6

4.8
5.7

3.9
5.5

5.6
10

4.1
4.0

3.6
3.9

3.7
4.3

3.1
3.9

3.2
3.8

2.2
3.8

2.9
3.6

3.5
3.3

3.1

2.6

4.0
3.4

4.5
3.7

4.5
3.4

3.5
3.1

5.5
4.1

4.0
3.0

3.7
2.8

3.8
2.9

3.2
2.7

3.3
2.7

2.3
1.3

2.9
1.7

3.4
2.1

3.0
1.8

2.4
1.1

4.9
6.5
3.1
2.6
4.9
3.4
4.3
3.7
4. 0

6.1
7.6
3.8
3. 2
5.4
3.7
4.7
4.1
3.8

6.3
7.9
4.1
3.1
5.4
3.5
4.6
4.0
3.8

5.8
6.0
3.7
2.3
4.0
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.3

9.2
7.1
5.7
4.7
5.9
4.9
5.3
4.7
5.4

7.4
6.2
4.3
3.1
4.6
3.3
3.9
3.4
3.4

7.0
5.6
4.1
2.7
4.1
3.1
3.6
3.0
3.1

6.0
5.9
3.8
2.7
4.2
3.2
3.9
3.3
3.3

4.5
4.9
2.6
2.1
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.0
3.0

4.4
4.9
2.5
2.0
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.2
3.1

3.1
3.3
1.5
1.3
2.5
2.1
2.7
2.3
2.1

4.3
4.6
2.1
1.6
3.4
2.6
3.3
2.8
2.5

4.8
5.4
2.8
1.7
4.0
2.7
3.7
3.5
2.8

4.8
4.7
2.7
2.0
3.5
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.6

4.1
3.9
2.4
1.8
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.2
1.9

5.9

8.2

7.2

5.4

6.3

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.3

4.0

2.5

3.9

5.3

4.5

3.8

4.2
5.6
3.4
4.2
4.1
3.9

5.0
7.0
4.8
4.9
5.0
4.4

5.2
7.9
10.0
5.2
5.4
3.9

4.4
7.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.4

5.7
7.6
3.2
5.3
5.2
6.0

4.1
4.8
2.3
4.6
4.6
3.8

3.6
3.8
1.8
4.5
4.1
3. 2

3.6
3.4
2.0
4.2
4.4
3.2

3.0
2.8
1.8
3.4
3.7
2.6

3.0
2.7
2.0
3.4
3.9
2.6

2.1
2.1
4.5
2.4
2.2
1.8

2.9
3.3
1.2
3.2
3.3
2.4

3.6
4.8
3.2
3.8
4.0
3.0

3.2
4.1
3.3
3.3
3.7
2.5

2.8
3.8
3.7
2.7
3.3
2.0

3.5
2. 2

4.1
2.6

3.7
2.4

3.1
2.1

4.6
4.5

3.2
2.6

2.9
2.4

2.8
2.8

2.6
2.0

2.6
1.9

1.9
1.2

2.4
1.5

2.9
1.7

2.6
1.9

2.4
1.6

1.3

1.8

1.7

2.0

3.8

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.2

.8

1.0

1.4

1.4

1. 1

5.1
5.0

6.1
5.3

5.7
5.6

4.4
5.3

6.4
6.4

4.6
5.1

4.1
4.3

4.3
4.7

3.5
4.3

3.5
5.1

2.5
3.3

3.6
4.2

4.0
4.3

3.4
3.9

2.6
3.4

2.3
1.2

2.5
1.2

2.7
1.4

2.7
1.1

5.2

2.6
1.1

2.1

2.0
1. 1

2.0
.9

1.9

1.0

1.0

1.8
.7

1.9
.9

2.0
1.1

2.2
.9

2.1
.9

1.1

B.—LABOR TURNOVER
T able

B -l.

1427
Labor turnover rates, by major industry group ^C ontinued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[Per 1 0 0 employees]
1966

1965

Annual
average

Major industry group
Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

1965

1964

Separations: Total
Manufacturing:
Actual______________________________
Seasonally adjusted. __________ ___
Durable goods________________________
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture________________ _______
Furniture and fixtures_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries____________
Fabricated metal products___________
Machinery__________________________
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products_____
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries______________________________

4.8
4.5

6.6
5.1

5.8
4.8

5.3
5.0

4.4
4.9

4.3
4.7

4.3
4.7

4.1
4.6

3.6
4-4

4.0
4.1

4.1
4.3

3.9
4.0

4.4
4.1

4.1

3.

4.4
2. 4

6. 1
4.0

5.5
3.1

5.4
3.0

4.2
2.5

4.1
2.7

3.9
2.7

3.8
2.4

3.5
2.1

3.7
2.1

3.7
1.6

3.6
2.1

4.1
2.4

3.8
2.5

3.
3.

7.3
6.3
4.5
3.5
5.4
3.4
4.1
4.4
3.6

9.4
8.3
6.8
5.6
7.0
5.1
5.8
5.3
4.9

8.6
8.4
5.9
4.3
6.3
4.5
4.5
6.4
3.7

6.6
6.4
4.5
3.6
5.4
3.8
4.0
9.8
3.3

6.7
6.0
4.2
2.8
5.0
3.3
3.8
4.8
3.0

7.0
6.1
4.2
2.9
5.1
3.2
3.6
4.1
2.8

7.1
6.2
4.1
2.6
4.7
3.3
3.4
3.9
2.9

7.3
6.1
3.7
2.6
4.5
3.1
3.5
3.8
2.8

5.4
5.2
3.7
2.3
4.1
2.6
3.0
4.2
2.5

6.3
5.0
4.5
2.6
4.2
3.0
3.2
3.8
2.7

6.7
4.3
4.3
2.9
3.9
2.3
2.9
3.9
2.2

6.2
4.7
4.0
3.5
3.9
2.5
2.8
3.4
2.2

6.1
5.6
4.1
4.8
4.8
3.0
3.2
4.0
3.1

6.1
5.1
3.9
3.0
4.2
2.8
3.1
4.3
2.7

5.
4.
3.'
2.;
4.
2.
3.1
4.1
2.'

5.8

8.6

7.2

6.6

5.4

5.7

5.4

5.0

4.6

6.3

10.9

6.8

5.7

5.9

5.'

5.3
8.0
4.4
5.3
5.7
4.1

7.3
11.0
5.6
6.7
7.2
6.6

6.1
7.9
8.3
6.5
7.2
5.1

5.3
6.2
5.5
5.5
7.9
3.5

4.6
5.6
3.4
4.7
6.0
3.6

4.5
5.5
4.0
5.0
5.9
3.4

4.7
5.6
6.7
5.0
6.6
3.5

4.4
5.6
6.1
4.7
5.6
3.3

3.8
5.1
5.6
3.9
4.‘5
2.9

4.5
5.8
9.2
4.3
5.8
3.3

4.6
6.8
7.2
4.0
5.9
3.0

4.4
6.8
10.8
3.8
5.2
2.9

4.9
7.9
8.3
4.2
5.5
3.2

4.4
6.1
6.4
4.1
5.8
3.1

4.;
6.
GA
3A
5.(
2.:

3.5
2.5

5.1
4.6

4.6
3.0

3.3
2.2

3.5
2.6

3.1
2.6

3.2
2.4

2.9
2.3

2.8
1.8

3.3
2.1

3.1
1.9

2.8
1.9

3.2
2.2

3.1
2.2

3.1
2.

Nondurable goods_____________________
Food and kindred products. - - ____
— -Tobacco m anufactures___
Textile mill products_____________ . . .
Apparel and related products..................
Paper and allied products____________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries. ____________________________
Chemicals and allied products............. .
Petroleum refining and related industries.. . __________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products______________________________
Leather and leather products_________

1.9

3.9

2.6

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.1

1.9

1.!

5.5
6.1

7.2
8.4

6.2
7.8

5.7
8.1

4.8
5.7

4.8
5.6

4.7
6.3

4.6
6.2

4.0
5.1

4.1
6.0

3.9
5.6

4.1
4.6

4.5
5.2

4.2
5.3

3.!
5.

N onmanufacturing:
M etal mining_______________________
Coal mining. ______________________

3.6
1.8

6.0
1.9

3.8
1.5

3.7
2.5

2.9
1.3

3.1
1.8

3.2
2.2

3.2
1.8

2.4
1.5

2.7
1.7

3.3
1.7

3.2
1.9

3.1
1.7

3.1
1.9

3.
l.f

Separations: Quits
Manufacturing:
A ctual..
____ _____ ______ _____
Seasonally adjusted..
Durable goods.______ . _______ ____
Ordnance and accessories . . . . ------Lumber and wood products, except
furniture— . .....................
...... . .
Furniture and fixtures..
. . . . .. ..
Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c ts..___ _
Primary metal industries. ---------. . .
Fabricated metal products . . . . -----M achinery...
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment. . ______
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries______ ____________ . . . .
Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . _____
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures.. ____ ______
Textile mill products___ _____ . ____
Apparel and related products.. . . . .
Paper and allied products.. . . . .
_.
Printing, publishing, and allied industries_____ . . . .
. . . .
Chemicals and allied products______ .
Petroleum refining and related industries______________ _____ . . . _____
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products _____ _____ _
.......
Leather and leather products____ _ .
N onmanufacturing:
M etal mining_____ . . . _______ ____
Coal mining________________________

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.8
2. 6

4.5
2.6

3.6
2.5

2.5
2.5

2.5
2.5

2.5
2.5

2.5
2.7

2.3
2.7

1.8
2.4

1.9
2.3

1.4
2.3

1.7
2.2

2.2
2.0

1.9

1.,

2.6
1.2

4.2
2.6

3.4
1.9

2.3
1.5

2.3
1.5

2.3
1.4

2.3
1.4

2.2
1.3

1.7
1.2

1.7
1.2

1.3
.8

1.5
1.0

2.0
1.2

1.7
1.1

1.
#

4.5
4.5
2.4
1.8
3.2
2.0
2.5
2.2
2.4

6.9
6.5
4.4
3.8
4.8
3.5
4.2
3.1
3.7

6.1
6.2
3.6
2.7
4.0
2.7
3.1
2.5
2.6

4.6
4.2
2.5
1.5
2.6
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.8

5.0
4.0
2.5
1.5
2.7
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.9

5.3
4.4
2.4
1.5
2.7
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.7

5.2
4.4
2.4
1.5
2.8
2.0
2.1
1.7
1.9

4.3
4.3
2.0
1.4
2.5
1.8
2.1
1.7
1.8

3.2
3.3
1.6
1.1
2.0
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.5

2.8
3.1
1.6
1.1
2.0
1.5
1.8
1.4
1.5

2.5
2.4
1.2
.8
1.5
1.1
1.4
1.0
1.2

3.1
3.0
1.5
.9
1.8
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.3

4.0
3.6
1.9
1.2
2.3
1.5
1.9
1.5
2.0

3.4
3.1
1.6
1.2
1.9
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.4

3.!
2. ‘
1.1

3.8

6.5

4.9

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.1

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.5

3.3

2.6

2.

2.4
2.4
1.7
3.3
2.9
2.1

2.0
2.0
1.4
2.6
2.5
1.6

2.1
2.0
1.5
2.7
2.8
1.7

1.6
1.7
1.1
2.0
2.0
1.3

1.9
2.2
1.3
2.4
2.4
1.5

2.5
3.2
1.6
2.9
2.9
1.9

2.1
2.4
1.5
2.5
2.6
1.7

1.
2.
l.C
2.1
2.2
l.S

1.8
1.2

1.7
.9

1.8
1.0

1.3
.7

1.5
.8

1.8
1.0

1.7
1.0

l. f
A

3.0
3.9
2.0
3.6
3.3
2.6

5.0
6.7
3.4
5.1
4.7
5.1

4.0
4.7
2.8
4.9
4.6
3.5

2.8
3.1
1.7
3.5
3.7
2.2

2.7
3.0
1.4
3.4
3.2
2.3

2.7
2.8
1.7
3.6
3.3
2.2

2.7
2.7
1.7
3.7
3.2
2.2

2.2
1.4

3.7
3.3

3.1
2.1

2.1
1.1

2.3
1.3

2.0
1.3

2.0
1.3

l.i
1.1
l.i
l.C
l.S

.9

2.3

1.4

.9

1.0

.9

.9

.7

.5

.5

.5

.5

.8

.7

A

3.4
4.4

5.3
6.3

4.3
5.9

2.8
4.4

2.9
4.2

2.9
3.9

3.0
4.0

2.8
3.9

2.2
3.2

2.2
3.3

1.7
2.7

2.2
2.9

2.5
3.5

2.1
3.0

l. f
2.4

1.6
.8

4.8

2.7
.9

2.0
.9

1.8
.6

2.0
.7

2.0
.8

1.6
.8

1.3
.6

1.2
.5

1.2
.4

1.3
.6

1.5
.8

1.7
.6

l. f

1. 1

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1428
T able

B -l.

Labor turnover rates, by major industry group 1—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

[Per 1 0 0 employees]
1966

1965

Annual
average

Major industry group
Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

1965

1964

1.4

1.7

Separations: Layoffs
Manufacturing:
Actual.- - -------------- - --- - ---------S ea so n a lly a d ju sted .

-------

Durable goods________ _
- ------------Ordnance and accessories_____
. .
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture____
___
Furniture and fixtures__
. ----Stone, clay, and glass products.. . . .
Primary metal industries___
. —
Fabricated metal products..
M achinery... . .
. ------Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipm ent..
Instruments and related products_____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_______ . . ---------- ------------- Nondurable goods__________ . . . . . Food and kindred products. . .
Tobacco m an ufactures.------Textile m ill products____ _____ .
Apparel and related products.. . .
Paper and allied products____________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries____
... ..
. ------------Chemicals and allied products________
Petroleum refining and related industries_______ _____ _ .
.
-----Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products______
. .
---------- . . .
Leather and leather products________
N

onmanufacturing:
M etal mining__________ . . . . .
C o a lm in in g ... . . . . . _____ ____

_

1.1
1.0

1.1
1.0

2.0

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.1

1 .7

1 .3

1.1

1.2

.8
.6

.8
.4

1.1
.4

2.2
.6

.9
.3

.8
.5

.7
.6

1.8
.6
1.2
.6
1.0
.4
.5
1.3
.5

1.3
.5
1.1
.6
1.0
.6
' .4
1.2
.4

1.4
.7
1.0
.5
1.0
.8
.3
2.8
.3

.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.0
1.0
7.1
.8

.7
.9
.8
.4
1.3
.4
.5
2.0
.3

.6
.5
.9
.4
1.3
.4
.4
1.3
.3

.8
.6
.8
.3
1.0
.4
.4
1.3
.4

1.0

1.9
.6
.8
.4
1.0
1 .2

1.1
.4
.4
1.2
.3

1.0

1.3

1.9

1.5

1.4

1 .2

1.2

1 .4

1 .3

1 .3

.9
.3

1.1
.4

1.6
.3

1.2
.5

1.2
.6

1.2
.8

1.5
1.8

1.3
.8
1.4
.4
1.1
.3
.4
1.9
.3

2.6
.9
2.1
.8
1.2
.5
.5
1.5
.4

3.4
1.0
2.4
1.3
1.5
.5
.6
2.1
.3

2.1
.7
1.8
1.8
1.2
.5
.5
1.4
.3

1.2
.9
1.4
2.6
1.4
.7
.4
1.4
.4

1.7
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.4
.6
.8
2.1
.6

1.9
1.3
1.7
.8
1.8
.8
1.2
2.3
.9

1.0

.8

1.1

2.3

1.1

1.3

1.1

.9

1.3

2.8

8.1

3.1

1.2

2.3

2.8

1.4
3.2
1.8
.7
1.7
.5

1.4
3.3
1. 5
.6
1.6
.5

1.3
2.3
4.8
.6
1.8
.5

1.7
2.3
3.2
1.1
3.2
.5

1.1
1.9
1.4
.5
2.0

1.1
2.1
1.7
.4
1.9

1.1
2.4
3.8
.6
1.3
.5

2.3
4.4
5.7
1.3
3.3
1.0

1.8
3.9
9.1
.8
2.1
.7

1.7
3.9
6.1
.5
1.9

1.6
2.9
4.4
.8
2.4

1.9
3.3
4.9
1.1
2.6

.4

1.3
2.5
3.8
.5
2.0
.5

1.7
3.0
7.1
.9
2.2

.4

1.3
2.2
4.5
.4
2.6
.5

.6

.8

.9

.7
.5

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.9

1.0

.7

.5

.4

.6

.9
.6

.9

.7

1.2
.7

.8

.5

.6
.6

.6

.6

.8
.3

.6

.7

.8

.4

.9

.6

.6

.3

.4

.4

.5

.5

.8

1.0

.9

.7

.6

.7

.8

1.0
1.0

1.2
1.5

1.5
1.8

.8

.7
.9

.7
.9

.8

.9

.6

.6

.9

.7
1.4

.7
1.2

.9

1.8

1.3
2.1

1.0

.9

.7
.7

.9

1.1

1.8
2.7

.8

.8

1.1

.2
.2

.2
.2

.8

.3
.4

.3
.7

.3
1.1

.9
.6

.4
.6

.7
.4

1.3

1.2

1.2
1.0

.4

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1966, see footnote 1, table A-9.
Month-tO-month changes in total employment in manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries as indicated by labor turnover rates are not
comparable with the changes shown by the Bureau’s employment series
for the following reasons: (1) the labor turnover series measures changes


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

.7
.4

.8

.9

.5

during the calendar month, while the employment series measures changes
from midmonth to midmonth and (2) the turnover series excludes personnel
changes caused by strikes, but the employment series reflects the influence
of such stoppages.
2 Preliminary.

1429

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

C.—Earnings and Hours
T able C - l .

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

Annual
average

1965

Industry
Nov.3

Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

M ar.

Peb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
M ining---------------------------- --------------------$130.93
Metal m ining.__________ _____ _______________
Iron ores_________ ___ _____________________
Copper ores_____ __________________________
Coal m ining______ _____ ______ ______ ________
Bitum inous_______ _____ ___________________
Crude petroleum and natural g a s.______ _______
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields_______
Oil and gas field services____________________
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining____________
Crushed and broken stone.......... ...........................
Contract construction..................................... 143.39
General building contractors.....................................
H eavy construction..______________ _________
Highway and street construction____ ________
Other heavy construction......................................
Special trade contractors______________________
Plumbing, heating, and air condition­
ing.................................. ................... .....................
Painting, paperhanging, and decorating ______
Electrical work______________ ______________
Masonry, plastering, stone, and tile
work...................... ...................................................
Roofing and sheet metal w ork ............... ..............

Mining................ ........ ...................
42.1
Metal mining........................ ....... ............
Iron ores__________ ______ _______
Copper ores.............................................
Coal mining______ ____ ______ ______
Bituminous___________ ____ ______
Crude petroleum and natural gas__________
Crude petroleumand natural gas fields_____
Oil and gas field services................... ..........
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining_________
Crushed and broken stone...................... .
Contract construction........... ....... ...... . 36.3
General building contractors.... ........... .........
Heavy construction........................... ..........
Highway and street construction_________
Other heavy construction______________
Special trade contractors.... ................ ..........
Plumbing, heating, and air condition­
ing----------------------------------------Painting, paperhanging anddecorating_____
Electrical work____________________
Masonry, plastering, stone, and tile
work__________________________
Roofing and sheet metal work__________ _
Mining_______
M etal mining__________
Iron ores__ _______
Copper ores_______
Coal mining_________
Bituminous________
Crude petroleum and natural gas.Crude petroleum and natural gas fields.
Oil and gas field services____.
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crushed and broken stone

$3.11

Contract construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction.
Highway and street construction...
Other heavy construction
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air condition­
ing________________
Painting, paperhanging and decorating
Electrical work____ .
Masonry, plastering, stone, and tile
work__ _____
Roofing and sheet metal work

3.95

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$135.41 $133. 73 $131. 58 $131. 46 $132.80 $130. 85 $121.72 $127. 37 $126.30 $126. 48 $127. 41 $123. 73 $123. 52 $117. 74
136. 75 136.64 134. 62 135. 79 134.93 132. 51 133.88 129. 79 130. 62 132.19 131.67 128. 96 127.30 122.54
140.95 142.23 138. 32 143.99 142. 35 136. 27 139. 63 133. 74 133. 74 136. 36 133. 50 129. 52 129. 24 125. 83
143.33 140.62 140. 51 139. 64 138.13 137. 26 138. 97 135.99 137. 49 139. 64 140. 60 139. 64 136. 71 130.42
156.98 151. 00 149.33 145. 70 153.41 152. 31 111. 52 143.44 142. 45 142.04 143. 31 129. 78 137. 45 126.88
159. 80 154.09 152.44 148. 03 156.98 155.12 112. 85 146.08 144. 79 144. 73 146. 37 131. 98 140. 23 128.91
123.97 123.68 121. 84 123. 70 121.70 121.84 122.41 121. 69 120. 42 121.27 119.97 118.15 116.18 112.63
130.15 129. 34 125.96 129. 68 126.98 127. 30 129.15 126. 36 127. 39 128. 84 126. 79 127.10 123. 62 120.95
118.97 118. 86 118. 46 119. 26 118. 28 117. 75 117.13 118. 09 115. 37 115. 54 114. 37 111. 18 110. 31 106.43
129.44 129. 44 128. 46 127.64 126.90 122. 29 120. 31 116.48 113. 70 112.05 117. 78 123. 49 117.45 111.85
131.22 131.49 131.14 130.9 128. 87 121.47 119. 20 114.29 109. 03 107. 65 117. 00 121. 64 116. 58 110.62
152.46
141.71
156.09
155. 73
156.62
157.96

151. 67
140.56
156. 09
157.04
155.04
157.88

149.38
138.00
152. 34
153.47
151. 44
155. 70

150.15
137.27
154. 07
195. 46
152.21
156. 59

146.69
135.05
150. 45
151.64
148. 42
153. 38

141.71
132.09
137.07
134. 06
140. 76
150.88

140. 59
131.74
137.94
135.05
141.05
148.15

143. 26
134. 32
139.47
133. 95
143.42
150. 26

139.05
130. 30
131.41
123. 00
137.16
147. 38

138. 34
129.23
133. 23
126. 64
138. 06
146. 21

139.87
132.13
132. 65
124. 74
139.91
148. 34

136.50
126. 71
136. 22
134. 27
138.84
143. 24

138.01
128.16
137. 90
136. 45
139.60
144.99

132.06
122. 79
131. 78
130. 00
133.93
138. 35

165.85 166.21 163.90 163.12 161.09 160. 27 156. 21 157.12 155.54 155. 94 156.78 150. 42 152.08 144.40
144. 32 145.16 143. 08 145. 04 141. 21 140. 30 137. 28 136. 26 134. 64 133.13 136. 54 133. 28 134.97 128. 52
184. 71 183.46 180.45 180.12 177.45 177. 00 173. 57 174. 60 172. 60 173. 94 175. 72 168. 52 169. 89 165.17
144. 73 142.90 143. 72 144. 63 140. 65 139.15 138.98 142. 00 134.92 125. 58 135. 76 130. 26 133. 56 127. 31
133.20 129.17 128.16 129. 23 123. 90 118.61 117. 57 123.20 119. 39 118. 74 118. 52 113. 85 117. 65 112.49
Average weekly hours
43.4
42.6
42.2
44.1
42.2
42.5
42.6
40.8
43.9
46.9
48.6

43.0
42.7
43.1
43.4
40.7
41.2
42.5
40.8
43.7
46.9
48.7

43.0
42.2
42.3
43.1
40.8
41.2
42.6
40.5
44.2
47.2
49.3

43.1
42.7
43.5
43.5

38.5
37.0
42.3
43.5
41.0
37.7

38.3
36.7
42.3
43.5
40.8
37.5

39.3
35.9
39.3

43.1
41.3
44. 5
47.1
49.4

43.4
42.7
43.4
43.3
41.8
42.2
42.7
40.7
44.3
47.0
49.0

42.9
42.2
41.8
43.3
41. 5
41.7
42.6
40.8
44.1
45.8
46.9

41.4
42.5
42.7
43.7
32.8
32.9
42.8
41.0
44.2
45.4
46.2

42.6
41.6
40.9
42.9
41.1
41. 5
43.0
40.5
44.9
44.8
45.9

42.1
41.6
40.9
43.1
40.7
40.9
42.4
40.7
43.7
43.9
44.5

42.3
42.1
41.7
43.5
40.7
41.0
42.7
40.9
44.1
43.6
44.3

42.9
41.8
40.7
43.8
41.3
41.7
43.0
40.9
44. 5
45.3
46.8

41.8
41.2
40.1
43.5
37.4
37.6
42.5
41.0
43.6
46.6
47.7

42.3
41.6
41.9
43.4
39.9
40.2
42.4
40.8
43.6
45.7
47.2

41.9
41.4
40.2
42.9
39.0
39.2
42.5
41.0
43.8
45.1
45.9

38.4
36.8
42.2
43.6
40.6
37.7

39.0
37.1
43.4
44.8
41.7
38.1

38.3
36.6
42.5
43.7
41.0
37. 5

37.0
35.7
39.5
39.9
39.1
36.8

36.9
35.8
40.1
40.8
39.4
36.4

37.7
36.8
40.9
41.6
40.4
37.1

36.4
35.6
38.2
38.2
38.1
36.3

36.5
35.6
39.3
39.7
39.0
36.1

37.1
36.4
38.9
38.5
39.3
36.9

36.4
35.1
39.6
40.2
39.0
35.9

37.4
36.1
40.8
41.6
40.0
36.8

37.2
35.8
40.8
41.4
40.1
36.6

39.2
36.2
39.2

39.4
36.5
39.4

39.4
37.0
39.5

39.1
36.3
39.0

38.9
35.7
38.9

38.1
35.2
38.4

38.7
35.3
38.8

38.5
34.7
38.7

38.6
34.4
39.0

39.0
35.1
39.4

37.7
34.8
37.7

38.6
35.8
38.7

38.1
35.7
38.5

35.3
36.0

34.6
35.1

35.4
35.6

35.8
36.2

34.9
34.7
34.4
35.5
35.2
33.6
33.4
35.0
Average hourly earnings

33.9
32.8

32.2
32.8

34.9
33.2

33.4
33.0

34.6
34.5

34.5
34.4

$3.12
3.21
3. 34
3.25
3.72
3. 76
2.91
3.19
2. 71
2. 76
2.70

$3.11
3.20
3.30
3.24
3.71,
3. 74
2.91
3.17
2. 72
2.76
2. 70

$3.06
3.19
3.27
3.26
3.66
3.70
2.86
3.11
2.68
2.73
2.66

$3.05
3.18
3.31
3.21

3.96
3. 83
3.69
3.58
3.82
4.19

3.96
3.83
3.69
3.61
3.80
4.21

4.22
4.02
4.70
4.10
3. 70

2.87
3.14
2.68
2. 71
2. 65

$3.06
3.16
3.28
3.19
3.67
3. 72
2.85
3.12
2.67
2.70
2.63

$3.05
3.14
3.26
3.17
3.67
3. 72
2.86
3.12
2.67
2.67
2.59

$2.94
3.15
3. 27
3.18
3.40
3.43
2.86
3.15
2.65
2.65
2.58

$2.99
3.12
3. 27
3.17
3. 49
3.52
2.83
3.12
2.63
2.60
2.49

$3.00
3.14
3.27
3.19
3.50
3.54
2.84
3.13
2.64
2.59
2.45

$2.99
3.14
3. 27
3. 21
3.49
3.53
2.84
3.15
2.62
2.57
2.43

$2.97
3.15
3.28
3. 21
3. 47
3.51
2. 79
3.10
2.57
2.60
2.50

$2. 96
3.13
3. 23
3. 21
3.47
3. 51
2.78
3.10
2. 55
2 65
2.55

$2.92
3.06
3.16
3.15
3.45
3.49
2.74
3.03
2.53
2.57
2.47

$2. 81
2.96
3.13
3.04
3.26
3.30
2.65
2.95
2. 43
2.48
2.41

3.89
3. 75
3. 61
3.52
3.73
4.13

3. 85
3. 70
3. 55
3. 47
3. 65
4.11

3.83
3.69
3.54
3.47
3.62
4. 09

3.83
3.70
3.47
3.36
3. 60
4.10

3. 81
3.68
3.44
3. 31
3.58
4.07

3. 80
3. 65
3.41
3.22
3. 55
4.05

3. 82
3. 66
3. 44
3. 22
3.60
4.06

3. 79
3.63
3. 39
3.19
3.54
4.05

3. 77
3.63
3.41
3.24
3. 56
4. 02

3. 75
3.61
3. 44
3.34
3.56
3.99

3.69
3. 55
3.38
3.28
3.49
3.94

3. 55
3.43
3.23
3.14
3.34
3. 78

4.24
4.01
4.68

4.16
3.92
4.58

4.14
3. 92
4.56

4.12
3.89
4. 55

4.12
3.93
4. 55

4.10
3.90
4. 52

4.06
3.86
4.50

4. 04
3.88
4. 46

4.04
3. 87
4. 46

4. 02
3.89
4. 46

3. 99
3. 83
4. 47

3. 94
3. 77
4. 39

3. 79
3.60
4. 29

4.13
3.68

4.06
3.60

4. 04
3. 57

4.03
3. 52

4.01
3.53

4.04
3. 52

4.00
3. 52

3. 98
3. 64

3.90
3. 62

3.89
3. 57

3.90
3.45

3.86
3. 41

3.69
3. 27

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1430
T a b l e C - l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1965

1966

Annual
average

Industry
N ov.2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

M ay

June

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing___ . . .
. - ------- ------ $113.99 $113. 85 $113. 71 $111.78 $111.11 $112. 74 $112. 05 $111. 24 $110.95 $110.27 $110. 00 $110.92 $109. 71 $107. 53 $102. 97
Durable goods.- . . _____________ 123. 77 123. 65 123. 94 120. 54 119.81 121.82 121.82 121. 54 120. 69 120. 69 119. 99 120. 98 119. 43 117.18 112.19
99. 85 99. 70 99. 54 99. 23 99.14 99.23 98.33 96.96 96.88 96.88 95.52 96. 96 96. 32 94. 64 90.91
Nondurable goods____________ ____
Ordnance and accessories______ ______ 135.98 137. 05 136.95
Ammunition, except for small a r m s... 135. 88 136. 29 135. 88
121. 29 128. 96
Sighting and fire control equipm ent..
Other ordnance and accessories_______ 138. 53 140. 54 139. 02

134. 82
135. 88
125. 66
133.72

133. 88
134. 23
127. 62
133.90

134. 20
134.31
133. 65
134.98

134. 51
136. 03
131. 55
132. 44

133. 46
134. 55
130. 42
132. 00

132.82
134. 64
134. 51
129.03

134.09
136. 69
136. 20
127. 58

136.21
140.15
135. 79
126. 98

138. 03
141.01
137. 78
130.82

134. 41
139. 83
127.39
123.97

131. 57
136. 08
127. 08
121. 93

122. 72
124.84
129.34
116.40

94. 07
87. 72

93. 66
86. 90

93. 94
86. 92

94. 66
86. 94

92.48
85.48

88.91
82. 62

88.88
81.99

88. 75
82. 22

89. 82
82.82

90.17
82. 42

88. 54
82. 01

85. 24
79. 60

99.63 100.91 102. 61 100. 08
75. 95 76. 91 77. 71 76.31
87.12 87. 56 88.19 87. 35

97. 88
73.80
87.14

97.47
73. 62
85. 90

98.18
72.98
85. 90

98. 70
75.18
86.11

98.65
74.88
86.32

96.93
72. 75
84. 67

93.11
68. 63
81.79

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture...
______________ . .
Sawmills and planing m ills___ . . .
Millwork, plywood, and related
products.
. . . ____________ . . .
Wooden containers___ . _____
....
Miscellaneous wood p r o d u cts-.. .

99.47 100.12 100. 61 100.12
74. 96 75. 85 76. 78 76.91
88. 56 88.58 88.38 87. 77

Furniture and fixtures__ _ . . . _____
Household furniture___ ___________
Office furniture. .
. . .
. . . .
Partitions; office and store fixtures . . .
Other furniture and fixtures__________

93. 63 93.21 93.26 89.13 91. 96 90.67 88. 75 90.06 88.58 88.15 92.23 90.72 87.98 84.46
87. 57 87.14 87.15 82.61 85. 70 84.87 83.84 84. 87 84.05 83.23 87.96 86.10 83. 21 79.93
114. 05 114. 58 115. 02 110. 50 112. 41 111.02 107. 78 108. 54 109. 37 108.11 108.11 106. 42 104.06 97.88
117.32 118. 83 119. 63 115.93 119. 54 116. 60 113. 58 113. 02 110.83 110. 43 114.36 113. 42 112. 86 105.85
98. 65 99.12 101. 48 99. 36 97. 75 98.41 97.02 94.58 94.43 92.70 91.65 95.85 94. 30 92.18 87.33

92.92
86.24

94.42
86.46

94. 83
87. 26

91.88
87.13

Average weekly hours
Manufacturing____________ . . . ____. . .
Durable goods______ _ ___________
Nondurable goods___ . . . _____ . .

41.3
42.1
40.1

41.4
42.2
40.2

41.5
42.3
40.3

41.4
42.0
40.5

41.0
41.6
40.3

41.6
42.3
40.5

41.5
42.3
40.3

41.2
42.2
39.9

41.4
42.2
40.2

41.3
42.2
40.2

41.2
42.1
39.8

41.7
42.6
40.4

41.4
42.2
40.3

41.2
42.0
40.1

40.7
41.4
39.7

Ordnance and accessories___ _
______
Ammunition, except for small arms___
Sighting and fire control equipm ent___
Other ordnance and accessories___ ._

42.1
41.3
44.4

42.3
41.3
39. 0
44.9

42.4
41.3
41.6
44.7

42.0
41.3
40.8
43.7

42.1
41.3
41.3
43.9

42.2
41.2
42.7
44.4

42.3
41.6
42.3
44.0

42.1
41.4
41.8
44.0

41.9
41.3
42.7
43.3

42.3
41.8
43.1
43.1

42.7
42.6
42.7
42.9

43.0
42.6
43.6
43.9

42.4
42.5
40.7
42.6

41.9
42.0
40.6
41.9

40.5
40.4
40.8
40.7

40.4
40.3

40.7
40.4

40.7
40.4

40.9
40.8

40.9
40.8

41.2
41.0

41.7
41.4

41.1
40.9

40.6
40.5

40.4
39.8

40.9
40.5

41.2
40.8

40.8
40.4

40.8
40.6

40.4
40.2

40.6
40.3
41.0

40.7
41.0
41.2

40.9
41.5
41.3

41.2
41.8
41.4

41.0
41.5
40.9

41.7
41.8
41.3

42.4
42.7
41.6

41.7
41.7
41.4

41.3
41.0
41.3

41.3
40.9
41.1

41.6
41.0
41.1

42.0
42.0
41.6

41.8
41.6
41.5

41.6
41.1
41.3

41.2
39.9
41.1

41.2
41.1

41.8
41.5
43.2
42.2
42.0

41.8
41.3
43.4
42.9
43.0

42.2
41.7
43.9
43.5
43.2

40.7
40.1
42.5
41.7
42.5

41.8
41.4
43.4
43. 0
42.6

41.4
41.0
43.2
42. 4
42.0

40.9
40.7
42.6
41.3
41.3

41.5
41.4
42.9
41. 4
41.6

41.2
41.0
43.4
41.2
41.2

41.0
40.8
42.9
40.9
41.1

42.7
42.7
42.9
42.2
42.6

42.0
42.0
42.4
41.7
42.1

41.5
41.4
42.3
41.8
41.9

41.2
41.2
41.3
40.4
41.0

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture____ _ . .
. . . ________
Sawmills and planing mills______ _
Millwork, plywood, and related
p ro d u cts___ _ ________ _____ _ .
Wooden containers_____________ . . .
Miscellaneous wood products. - ______
Furniture and fixtures___ . . . . . . . . . .
Household furniture___ . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
Office furniture___
Partitions; office and store fixtures .
Other furniture and fixtures__________

41.8

Average hourly earnings
Manufacturing____________________ ___
Durable goods______
... _
Nondurable goods_____ ___________

$2.76
2.94
2.49

$2. 75
2.93
2. 48

$2.74
2. 93
2. 47

$2.70
2. 87
2.45

$2. 71
2.88
2. 46

$2.71
2.88
2.45

$2.70
2.88
2. 44

$2. 70
2.88
2. 43

$2.68
2. 86
2.41

$2. 67
2.86
2. 41

$2.67
2.85
2. 40

$2. 66
2. 84
2. 40

$2.65
2.83
2. 39

$2.61
2.79
2.36

$2. 53
2.71
2. 29

Ordnance and accessories___ ______ . . .
Ammunition, except for small arms___
Sighting and fire control equipm ent..
Other ordnance and accessories_______

3.23
3.29
3.12

3.24
3. 30
3.11
3.13

3.23
3.29
3.10
3.11

3. 21
3.29
3. 08
3. 06

3.18
3. 25
3. 09
3.05

3.18
3.26
3.13
3.04

3.18
3. 27
3.11
3. 01

3.17
3.25
3.12
3.00

3.17
3.26
3.15
2.98

3.17
3. 27
3.16
2.96

3.19
3. 29
3.18
2.96

3.21
3.31
3.16
2.98

3.17
3.29
3.13
2.91

3.14
3. 24
3.13
2.91

3.03
3.09
3.17
2.86

2.30
2.14

2.32
2.14

2. 33
2.16

2. 30
2.15

2.29
2.13

2.28
2.12

2. 27
2.10

2.25
2.09

2.19
2.04

2. 20
2.06

2.17
2.03

2.18
2.03

2. 21
2.04

2.17
2.02

2.11
1.98

2.45
1.86
2.16

2. 46
1.85
2.15

2. 46
1.85
2.14

2. 43
1.84
2.12

2.43
.1.83
2.13

2.42
1.84
2.12

2. 42
1.82
2.12

2.40
1.83
2.11

2. 37
1.80
2.11

2.36
1.80
2.09

2. 36
1.78
2. 09

2.35
1.79
2.07

2.36
1.80
2.08

2. 33
1.77
2.05

2.26
1.72
1.99

2.23
2.12

2.24
2.11
2. 64
2. 78
2.36

2.23
2.11
2. 64
2. 77
2. 36

2. 21
2. 09
2. 62
2. 75
2. 30

2.19
2.06
2. 60
2. 78
2. 30

2.20
2.07
2. 59
2 78
2. 31

2.19
2.07
2. 57
2. 75
2.31

2.17
2.06
2. 53
2.75
2.29

2.17
2.05
2. 53
2. 73
2.27

2.15
2.05
2. 52
2. 69
2.25

2.15
2.04
2. 52
2. 70
2.23

2.16
2.06
2. 52
2.71
2. 25

2.16
2.05
2. 51
2. 72
2.24

2.12
2. 01
2. 46
2.70
2. 20

2.05
1.94
2.37
2.62
2.13

Lumber and wood products, except
furniture________
...
Sawmills and planing mills____
___
Millwork, plywood, and related
products__________ . . . . . . . ___ .
Wooden containers_____ ______ . . .
Miscellaneous wood products--____ .
Furniture and fixtures____ ________
Household furniture____ _______ _ .
Office furniture
Partitions; office and store fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures____ _ _
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.36

1431

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a b l e C - l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1965

1966

Annual
average

Industry
N ov.2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

May

June

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
M anufacturing—C ont inue d
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products-------------- $116. 20 $116. 47 $116. 05
160. 24 153. 99
Glass and glassware, pressed or b lo w n .. 112.48 111.66 111. 38
Cement, hydraulic__________________ 136. 95 132. 70 133. 76
96. 32 98.16 97.99
Structural clay products--------- -99.65 100. 44
Pottery and related products
Concrète, gypsum, and plaster products. 117.82 121.38 121. 76
Other stone and mineral products------- 116. 90 118. 30 117. 32
Primary metal industries....... ...
Blast furnace and basic steel products._
Iron and steel foundries—
. . ------Nonferrous smelting and refining----Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding____
. . . ------ - --Nonferrous foundries...................— -----Miscellaneous primary metal industries____ _________ --- --------------

138. 36
142. 31
130. 42
132.29

139. 35
144. 43
130. 90
132. 60

140. 77
147. 80
129. 73
132.71

$115.75
152.44
110.30
132.61
98.12
98.50
122.94
115.79
138.09
145. 85
126. 69
130.62

$113. 82 $115. 60 $114. 63
141. 60 151.01 152.34
109. 76 111.79 111.79
134. 82 131.87 132.19
97. 94 97.94 97.29
95.94 99.00 98. 95
120.87 120.87 118.10
114. 68 116.47 116.60
136.86
147. 03
121. 13
130.09

139.50
147. 68
128.01
128.83

139. 07
146.97
127.58
128.83

$114.09
155.86
109.34
132. 51
98.00
98.80
116.95
115.63

$112.83
154. 51
111.92
130. 94
96.28
97.91
113.62
114. 24

138. 74
146. 56
128.90
129.32

136.83
143.56
128.60
126.96

$110. 54 $110.66 $112. 25 $112.94 $110.04 $105. 50
152.08 151. 30 146.91 155.88 149.60 144.14
110. 70 111.37 111.78 109.61 106. 25 102. 21
126.98 129.79 127. 82 131.67 124.42 121.30
93.38 93.66 95.04 95.08 94.02 89.82
97. 66 97.91 98.09 97.28 95.12 93.53
108. 62 110.33 113.62 115.28 113.08 108.32
113. 55 111. 22 114.06 113. 25 110.62 107.01
136.08
141. 69
128.46
125.93

135. 34
140. 24
127. 01
125.82

132.48
134. 21
129.07
126.30

129.43
130.64
125.85
125.70

133.88
140.90
125.72
124. 44

130.00
138.43
119.84
120.22

137. 41 137.28 138. 22 135.83 133. 55 137. 20 136.14 134.90 134.20 134. 81 135.86 135. 42 131.67 130.07 122. 26
124.55 122.54 123. 26 118. 02 114. 80 119.29 118.86 118.16 117. 59 117.17 118.43 118.83 115. 50 113. 55 110.54
152. 85 153.56 153. 91 146.89 141. 86 147. 74 149. 64 146. 03 149.80 150.82 148.14 150.14 149.16 143.09 133. 77
Average weekly hours

41.8
Stone, clay, and glass products-------------Flat glass
................
_
___
41.2
Glass"and glassware, pressed or blow n .
42.4
Cement, hydraulic___ _____________
40.3
Structural clay products. --------------Pottery and related products_________ ______
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod43.0
ucts____ _________________________
41.6
Other stone and mineral products-------

42.2
43.9
40.9
41.6
40.9
39.7

42.2
43.5
40.8
41.8
41.0
39.7

42.4
42.7
40.7
41.7
41.4
39.4

42.0
40.0
40.5
42.0
41.5
39.0

42.5
42.3
41.1
41.6
41.5
39.6

42.3
42.2
41.1
41.7
41.4
39.9

42.1
42.7
40.2
41.8
41.7
40.0

42.1
42.8
41.3
41.7
41.5
39.8

41.4
42.6
41.0
40.7
40.6
39.7

41.6
42.5
41.4
41.6
40.9
39.8

42.2
41.5
41.4
41.1
41.5
40.2

42.3
43.3
40.9
41.8
41.7
40.2

42.0
42.5
40.4
41.2
41.6
39.8

41.7
41.9
40.4
41.4
41.2
39.8

44.3
42.1

44.6
41.9

45.2
41.8

45.1
41.7

45.1
42.2

44.4
42.4

44.3
42.2

43.7
42. Q

42.1
41.9

42.6
41.5

43.7
42.4

44.0
42.1

44.0
41.9

43. 5
41.8

Primary metal industries..
-------------Blast furnace and basic steel products..
Iron and steel foundries...
_______
Nonferrous smelting and refining_____
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding_______ . ------------- ----------Nonferrous foundries________________
Miscellaneous primary metal industries________ . . _______ . . - .- .

41.8
40.2
42.9
42.4

42.1
40.8
43.2
42.5

42.4
41.4
43.1
42.4

42.1
41.2
42.8
42.0

41.6
41.3
41.2
42.1

42.4
41.6
43.1
42.1

42.4
41.4
43.1
42.1

42.3
41.4
43.4
42.4

42.1
40.9
43.3
41.9

42.0
40.6
43.4
41. 7

41.9
40.3
43.2
41.8

41.4
38.9
43.9
42.1

40.7
38.2
43.1
41.9

42.1
41.2
43.5
41.9

41.8
41.2
42.8
41.6

43.9
42. 8

44.0
42.4

44.3
42.8

44.1
42.0

43.5
41.0

44.4
42.3

44.2
42.3

43.8
42.2

44.0
42.3

44.2
42.3

44.4
42.6

44.4
42.9

43.6
42.0

43.5
41.9

42.6
41.4

43.3

43.5

43.6

42.7

41.6

43.2

43.5

42.7

43.8

44.1

43.7

43.9

44.0

43.1

42.2

Average hourly earnings

2. 73
3.23
2.39

$2.76
3. 65
2. 73
3.19
2. 40
2.51

$2. 75
3. 54
2.73
3.20
2.39
2. 53

$2.73
3.57
2.71
3.18
2.37
2. 50

$2.71
3. 54
2.71
3. 21
2.36
2.46

$2.72
3. 57
2.72
3.17
2.36
2. 50

$2.71
3.61
2.72
3.17
2.35
2.48

$2.71
3.65
2.72
3.17
2.35
2.47

$2.68
3.61
2.71
3.14
2. 32
2.46

$2.67
3.57
2.70
3.12
2.30
2.46

$2.66
3.56
2.69
3.12
2.29
2.46

$2.66
3.54
2.70
3.11
2.29
2.44

$2.67
3.60
2.68
3.15
2.28
2.42

$2.62
3.52
2.63
3.02
2.26
2.39

$2.53
3.44
2.53
2.93
2.18
2.35

2.74
2.81

2. 74
2.81

2. 73
2. 80

2.72
2. 77

2.68
2.75

2.68
2.76

2.66
2.75

2.64
2.74

2.60
2.72

2.58
2.71

2.59
2.68

2.60
2.69

2.62
2.69

2.57
2.64

2.49
2.56

3. 31
3. 54
3.04
3.12

3.31
3. 54
3.03
3.12

3. 32
3.57
3.01
3.13

3.28
3. 54
2.96
3.11

3.29
3.56
2.94
3. 09

3.29
3. 55
2.97
3.06

3.28
3. 55
2.96
3.06

3.28
3.54
2.97
3.05

3.25
3. 51
2.97
3.03

3.24
3. 49
2.96
3.02

3.23
3. 48
2.94
3. 01

3.20
3.45
2.94
3.00

3.18
3.42
2.92
3.00

3.18
3.42
2.89
2.97

3.11
3.36
2.80
2.89

3.13
2.91

3.12
2.89

3.12
2.88

3.08
2.81

3. 07
2.80

3.09
2.82

3.08
2.81

3.08
2.80

3.05
2.78

3.05
2.77

3.06
2.78

3.05
2.77

3.02
2.75

2.99
2.71

2.87
2. 67

3. 53

3. 53

3.53

3. 44

3.41

3.42

3. 44

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.39

3.42

3.39

3.32

3.17

Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Flat glass __________ ___ _
____ _
Glass“and glassware, pressed or blow n.
Cement, hydraulic________________ .
Structural clay products_______ _ . .
Pottery and related products. . . . . __
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products_______ ____ _ - _____________
Other stone and mineral products.........

$2.78

Primary metal industries- . ...... .............
Blast furnace and basic steel products..
Iron and steel foundries..
________
Nonferrous smelting and refining. .
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding_____ ______________ . . . _
Nonferrous foundries___________ _____
Miscellaneous primary metal industries_____________ ______ __________

See footnotes at end of table.
238-264 O—61

-7


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1432

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966
T a b l e C - l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

Annual
average

1965

Industry
N ov.2 Oct.2
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable poods—Continued
Fabricated metal products........ ..................
Metal cans___ _______ _______ ________
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware_____________________________
Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures........................ .............. ....................
Fabricated structural metal products. .
Screw machine products, bolts, etc____
Metal stampings_____________ _______
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products_________________ _____ _______
Machinery................... ....................................
Engines and turbines________________
Farm machinery and equipment_____
Construction arid related iriachinery...
Metalworking machinery and equipm ent_______ . . . . ________________
Special industry machinery__________
General industrial machinery.............
Office, computing and accounting machines____ ____________ _____ _____
Service industry m achines___________
Miscellaneous machinery...........................

Sept.

Aug.

July

May

June

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
$122.80 $123.97 $124. 84 $121. 26 $119. 42 $121. 70 $121.84 $119.99 $119.85 $119.00 $118. 02 $119. 71 $118.72 $116.20 $111.76
137. 01 137. 05 143. 66 148.40 151. 52 142. 68 142.03 138.14 135. 36 135.14 133. 66 135. 68 136. 32 137.49 131.82
116. 48 116.34 116.34 113.15 109. 76 113.15 114.81 113.85 113.98 113. 57 112.88 114. 93 115. 35 111. 22 107.64
109. 75
123. 68
129. 63
133. 67
107. 94
112. 56

113. 99
123. 25
130. 79
137. 46
109.30
112.02

114.40
123. 83
130. 92
138. 85
110. 59
113.10

112.06
121.11
125. 24
131.70
108. 29
110.20

106.13
118. 56
121.67
129. 74
105. 73
110.04

110. 70
121.13
128.25
131. 58
107.19
111. 25

110. 70
120.27
128.25
133. 36
106.85
111.51

108.40
117. 73
126.66
132. 75
105. 00
108. 58

108. 00
117. 03
128.37
131.89
105. 84
108. 26

108. 27
116.76
127.18
130. 29
104.92
109. 56

105. 60
116.48
126.17
130.11
102.18
107. 01

109.08
118. 72
125.89
132.41
103. 74
108. 38

108.40
117. 04
123.88
132.41
103. 42
108. 54

105. 06
114. 26
120. 73
128.60
100.43
104.92

102.91
110.27
113.85
123.41
95. 58
99.46

119. 85 120. 56 121.13 118.58 117.03 120. 56 120.56 117.88 117.87 116. 34 115. 37 114.95 114.26 113.42 108.65
136. 47 136.34 136. 53
138. 02 143. 81
129. 97 131. 57
134.82 135.14 135.33

133. 55
143. 72
127. 31
132.99

131.89
141. 53
124.85
132. 25

135.83
142.76
130.82
134.85

135.83
146. 06
131.63
133. 67

134. 03
144.86
131.94
132.50

134.95
141.57
133.06
133.42

133. 76
137.99
130.54
132.37

132.41
135.85
129. 02
130.16

133.48
140. 71
127.56
131.24

130.20
135. 34
125. 63
128.40

127.58
133.44
121.72
126.39

121.69
127.30
118.82
120.25

153. 77 153. 31 153. 05 148.46 149. 70 155. 04 156. 37 153.45 153.64 152. 52 150. 75 151. 92 146.19 144. 37 137.06
128. 92 129.21 129. 80 126.14 122. 41 127. 74 126. 28 124. 55 125. 24 124. 36 124. 24 126. 05 122.64 120.22 114.86
138.22 137. 90 138. 40 135.39 131. 46 135.69 134.64 132. 24 132.54 132.41 131. 67 132. 88 129. 60 126. 56 120.83
131. 86 132.06 131. 02 127. 80 129. 36 131. 44 130.59 128.94 132.13 133.06 133.80 133.24 130.11 127. 20 120.60
116. 03 117.86 115. 64 115.37 114.12 117. 74 115. 23 115. 79 115.92 115. 51 113.44 115. 35 113. 30 112.19 107.16
133. 50 131. 72 130. 83 127.16 124.85 128. 32 128.32 127.30 127.87 127.43 125.97 126.22 124. 36 120.93 115.83
Average weekly hours

Fabricated metal products...........................
Metal cans______________ . ________
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardw are......... ................... ............................
Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures_____________________________
Fabricated structural metal products..
Screw machine products, bolts, etc........
Metal stampings_____________________
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.
Machinery................................................. .......
Engines and turbines________________
Farm machinery and equipment_____
Construction arid related machinery___
Metalworking machinery and equipm ent_____________________________
Special industry machinery__________
General industrial machinery________
Office, computing and accounting machines____ ____ ___________________
Service industry machines___________
Miscellaneous machinery_____________

42.6
41.9

42.6
42.3

42.9
43.8

42.4
44.7

41.9
45.5

42.7
43.9

42.6
43.7

42.1
42.9

42.2
42.3

42.2
42.1

42.0
41.9

42.6
42.8

42.4
42.6

42.1
43.1

41.7
42.8

41.6

41.7

41.7

41.6

40.5

41.6

41.9

41.4

41.6

41.6

41.5

42.1

42.1

41.5

41.4

40.2
42.5
44.7
42.3
41.2
42. 0
42.2

41.3
42.5
45.1
43.5
42.2
41.8
42.3

41.3
42.7
45.3
43.8
42.7
42.2
42.5

41.2
42.2
44.1
42.9
42.3
41.9
42.2

39.9
41.6
43.3
42.4
41.3
42.0
41.5

41.0
42.5
45.0
43.0
42.2
42.3
42.6

40.7
42.2
45.0
43.3
41.9
42.4
42.6

40.0
41.6
44.6
43.1
41.5
41.6
42.1

40.0
41.5
45.2
43.1
42.0
41.8
42.4

40.1
41.7
45.1
43.0
41.8
42.3
42.0

39.7
41.6
44.9
42.8
41.2
41.8
41.8

40.7
42.4
44.8
43.7
42.0
42.5
41.8

40.6
42.1
44.4
43.7
41.7
42.4
41.7

40.1
41.7
43.9
43.3
41.5
41.8
41.7

40.2
41.3
42.8
43.0
41.2
41.1
41.0

43.6
42.8

43.7
41. 2
41. 0
42.9

43.9
42. 8
41.9
43.1

43.5
42.9
41. 2
42.9

43.1
42. 5
40. 8
42.8

44.1
43. 0
42.2
43.5

44.1
43.6
42.6
43.4

43.8
43.5
42. 7
43.3

44.1
42. 9
43.2
43.6

44.0
42.2
42.8
43.4

43.7
41.8
42. 3
43.1

44.2
42.9
42.1
43.6

43.4
41.9
41.6
42.8

43.1
41.7
41.4
42.7

42.4
40.8
41.4
41.9

45.9
44.0
44.3

45.9
44.1
44.2

46.1
44.3
44.5

45.4
43.8
44.1

45.5
42.8
43.1

46.7
44.2
44.2

47.1
44.0
44.0

46.5
43.7
43.5

46.7
44.1
43.6

46.5
44.1
43.7

46.1
43.9
43.6

46.6
44.7
44.0

45.4
43.8
43.2

45.4
43.4
42.9

44.5
42.7
42.1

42.4
41.0
44.8

42.6
41.5
44.5

42.4
41.3
44.5

41.9
41.5
44.0

42.0
41.2
43.5

42.4
42.2
44.4

42.4
41.6
44.4

42.0
41.8
44.2

42.9
42.0
44.4

43.2
41.7
44.4

43.3
41.4
44.2

43.4
42.1
44.6

42.8
41.5
44.1

42.4
41.4
43.5

41.3
40.9
42.9

$2.82
3.21

$2.81
3.19

$2.81
3.17

$2.80
3. 20

$2.76
3.19

$2.68
3.08

Average hourly earnings
Fabricated metal products........................ .
Metal cans___________ ______________
Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware___________________ _____ ____
Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures____ _____ ___________________
Fabricated structural metal products...
Screw machine products, bolts, etc____
Metal stampings____ ______ _________
Coating, engraving, and allied services.
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.

$2.91
3.27

$2.91
3.24

2.80
2.73
2. 91
2.90
3.16
2.62
2.68
2.84

Machinery___ _______ ____
Engines and turbines_______________
Farm machinery and equipment_____
Construction arid related m achinery...
Metalworking machinery and equipment.
Special industry machinery__________
General industrial machinery.......... .......
Office, computing and accounting machines______________
Service industry machines___________
Miscellaneous machinery_____________

3.13

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.91
3.28

$2.86
3.32

2.79

2. 79

2.72

2.76
2.90
2.90
3.16
2.59
2.68
2.85

2.77
2. 90
2.89
3.17
2. 59
2.68
2.85

2.72
2.87
2,84
3.07
2.56
2.63
2.81

3.15
3. 35
2.93
3.12

3.12
3.35
3.17
3.15
3.34
2. 93
3.12

3.11
3.36
3.14
3.14
3. 32
2. 93
3.11

3.07
3.35
3.09
3.10
3.27
2.88
3.07

3.11
2.83
2.98

3.10
2.84
2.96

3.09
2.80
2.94

3.05
2.78
2.89

$2.85
3.33

$2.85
3.25

$2.86
3.25

$2.85
3.22

$2.84
3.20

2.71

2.72

2.74

2.75

2.74

2. 73

2.72

2. 73

2.74

2.68

2.60

2. 66
2.85
2.81
3. 06
2. 56
2.62
2. 82

2.70
2.85
2.85
3.06
2. 54
2.63
2. 83

2.72
2.85
2.85
3.08
2. 55
2.63
2.83

2. 71
2.83
2.84
3.08
2.53
2.61
2. 80

2.70
2.82
2.84
3.06
2.52
2.59
2. 78

2. 70
2.80
2.82
3.03
2.51
2.59
2. 77

2.66
2. 80
2.81
3.04
2.48
2.56
2.76

2.68
2.80
2.81
3.03
2.47
2. 55
2.75

2. 67
2. 78
2. 79
3.03
2.48
2. 56
2.74

2.62
2.74
2.75
2.97
2.42
2.51
2.72

2.56
2.67
2.66
2.87
2.32
2.42
2.65

3. 06
3. 33
3. 06
3. 09
3.29
2. 86
3. 05

3.08
3. 32
3. iO
3.10
3. 32
2.89
3. 07

3.08
3.35
3. 09
3.08
3.32
2.87
3.06

3.06
. 33
3. 09
3.06
3.30
2.85
3.04

3.06
8. 80
3.08
3.06
3.29
2.84
3.04

3.04
3.27
3.05
3.05
3. 28
2.82
3. 03

3.03
3.25
3. 05
3.02
3. 27
2.83
3.02

3.02
3.28
3.03
3.01
3.26
2.82
3.02

3.00
3.23
3. 02
3.00
3.22
2. 80
3.00

2.96
3.20
2.94
2.96
3.18
2.77
2.95

2.87
3.12
2.87
2.87
3.08
2.69
2.87

3. 08
2. 77
2. 87

3.10
2. 79
2.89

3.08
2.77
2.89

3. 07
2.77
2.88

3.08
2.76
2.88

3.08
2.77
2.87

3.09
2.74
2.85

3. 07
2.74
2.83

3.04
2.73
2.82

3.00
2.71
2.78

2.92
2.62
2.70

3

1433

C — EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a b l e C - l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

1965

Annual
average

Industry
Nov.2

Oct .2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1965

1964

$105. 78
113. 02
113.28
114. 54

$101.66
110. 83
109.56
107.33

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Electrical equipment and supplies_____ $109. 86 $109.86 $110.12 $107.68
Electric distribution equipm ent............ 116.34 116.9C 119. 99 115.64
Electrical industrial apparatus............... 116. 76 117.32 119. 57 117. 74
Household appliances........- ..................... 119. 77 120.22 122.51 119.42
Electric lighting and wiring equip­
m e n t-....................- ................................... 103. 63 103.63 103.82 101. 93
Radio and TV receiving sets.................. 100.91 99.30 94. 07 93.96
Communication equipm ent.................... 123.19 122.18 122. 22 118. 37
Electronic components and accessories. 92.46 91.60 91.66 91.03
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and supplies................... - .........- ............ 120.58 125. 04 122.43 115.14
Transportation equipm ent........................ .

Motor vehicles and equipment_____
Ship and boat building and repairing..

Aircraft and parts______ ____ _______

Railroad equipm ent.............. .............. .
Other transportation equipm ent........ .

148.18 146.29
153. 72
144.19 143. 86
127. 84 132.34
141. 80
96.32

144. 84
151. 87
143. 52
129.60
136.15
99.14

139.35
142 97
144.09
129. 34
135.74
97.27

$106.11
117. 46
118.15
116. 28

$108.62
117. 73
117.17
118. 28

$108. 62 $107. 68
116. 05 113. 95
118.13 117. 73
119. 97 118.69

$107.53 $108. 05
115.5C 113. 57
118. 28 117.58
114.24 117. 86

$107. 79
113. 98
115.35
119.00

$110. 04 $107. 64
116. 75 115. 23
117.15 114.39
122.41 118. 86

99.20 101. 59 101. 84 101. 09 101. 43 100.78 100.69 102. 67 101.93 99.14 95.04
91.57 91.87 89.17 91.80 92.50 93. 43 93.30 95.88 93.90 91.31 87.25
117.33 119. 81 120. 51 118. 82 120. 25 121.25 121.11 122. 55 119. 42 116.47 112. 07
89. 27 93.02 92.21 91.35 91.80 92. 25 91.39 92.29 90.98 88.88 86.18
114.34 117. 79 117. 79 118. 03 117. 50 120.35 118. 66 121. 82 119. 70 115.36 108. 67
137. 94
140 42
142. 23
130. 29
136. 63
93.30

140. 25
143 40
143. 22
132. 40
133 32
96. 87

139. 07
141 54
143. 44
128. 75
137 94
96.96

141. 47
149 02
139. 43
128. 65
13« 20
95^ 26

140.06 140. 71 142.46 145.53 144. 54 137. 71 130. 09
146 02 148 14
141. 48 142.14 143.’ 00 14L 59 138135 13l! 88 12¿ 03
130.10 129. 58 128. 86 125. 66 123.22 121. 50 121.10
132 44 133 82
95.20 9l! 42 89! 47 94! 24 9¿ 50 9¿ 69 9¿ 89

Average weekly hours
Electrical equipment and supplies...........
Electric distribution equip m ent...........
Electrical industrial apparatus..............
Household appliances................................
Electric lighting and wiring equip­
m en t......................... ................................
Radio and TV receiving sets— ..............
Communication equipm ent......... ...........
Electronic components and accessories.
Miscellaneous electrical equipment and
supplies.......................... ..........................
Transportation equipm ent.........................
Motor vehicles and equipm ent_______
Aircraft and parts....... ..............................
Ship and boat building and repairing..
Railroad equipm ent...................................
Other transportation eq u ip m en t..........

41.3
41.7
41.7
41.3

41.3
41.9
41.9
41.6

41.4
42.7
42.4
42.1

41.1
41.9
42.2
41.9

40.5
42.1
42.5
40.8

41.3
42.5
42.3
41.5

41.3
42.2
42.8
41.8

41.1
41.6
42.5
41.5

41.2
42.0
42.7
40.8

41.4
41.6
42.6
41.5

41.3
41.6
42.1
41.9

42.0
42.3
42.6
42.8

41.4
41.9
41.9
42.0

41.0
41.4
41.8
41.2

40.5
41.2
41.5
40.5

40.8
42.4
41.9
40.2

40.8
41.9
41.7
40.0

41.2
40.2
42.0
40.2

41.1
40.5
41.1
40.1

40.0
39.3
40.6
39.5

40.8
39.6
41.6
40.8

40.9
38.6
41.7
40.8

40.6
39.4
41.4
40.6

40.9
39.7
41.9
40.8

40.8
40.1
42.1
41.0

40.6
39.7
42.2
40.8

41.4
40.8
42.7
41.2

41.1
40.3
41.9
40.8

40.8
39.7
41.3
40.4

40.1
39.3
40.9
39.9

40.6

42.1

41.5

40.4

39.7

40.9

40.9

40.7

40.8

41.5

41.2

42.3

42.0

41.2

40.7

43.2

42.9
43.3
43.2
41.1
41.1
39.8

42.6
42. 9
43.1
40.5
40. 4
40.8

42.1
41 6
43.4
40.8
40 4
40.7

41.8
41 3
43.1
41.1
40 3
39.2

42.5
42 3
43.4
41.9
40 4
40.7

42.4
42 0
43.6
41.4
41 3
40.4

43.0
43 7
42.9
41.5

42.7
42 9
43.4
41.7

42.9
43 2
43! 6
41.4

43.3
43 7
44.0
41.3

44.1
45 3
4¿7
40.8

43.8
45 4
43.1
40.4

42.9
44 2
42] 0
40.5

42. 1
43 n
41.4
40.5

4o! o

40.0

38.9

38.9

40.1

4o! 3

40.3

41.'0

$2.61
2.74
2.74
2. 84
2.48
2.35
2. 87
2.24

$2.62
2.76
2.75
2.86
2. 48
2.35
2.87
2.24

$2.60
2. 75
2.73
2.83
2. 48
2.33
2. 85
2.23

$2. 60
2.75
2.74
2.82
2.47
2.33
2.85
2.22

$2.58
2.73
2.71
2.78
2.43
2.30
2. 82
2.20

$2.51
2.69
2.64
2.65
2.37
2.22
2.74
2.16

43.3
40.2

Average hourly earnings
Electrical equipment and supplies............
Electric distribution equipm ent.............
Electrical industrial apparatus............. .
Household appliances..............................
Electric lighting and wiring equipm ent.
Radio and TV receiving sets_________
Communication equipm ent.....................
Electronic components and accessories.
Miscellaneous electrical equipment and
supplies....... ................. ............... ...........

$2.66
2. 79
2. 80
2.90
2.54
2.38
2.94
2.30
2.97

2.97

2.95

2.88

2.88

2.88

2.90

2.88

2.90

2.88

2.88

2. 85

2. 81

2.80

2.67

Transportation equipm ent____ ________
Motor vehicles and equipm ent___ . . . .
Aircraft and parts...................... ....... .........
Ship and boat building and repairing..
Railroad equipm ent.......... ............... .......
Other transportation equipm ent______

3. 43

3.41
3. 55
3.33
3.22
3. 45
2.42

3.40
3. 54
3.33
3. 2C
3.37
2.43

3.30
3. 40
3. 30
3.17
3 35
2.38

3.30
3.39
3.30
3.16
3 30
2.38

3. 28
3 37
3.29
3.11
3 34
2.40

3.29
3 41
3.25
3.10

3.28
3 37
3! 26
3.12

3.28
3 38
3.26
3.13

3.29
3 39
3.25
3.12

3.30
3 43
¿24
3.08

3.30
3 44
¿ 21
3.05

3. 26
3 3Q
3.04

3.21
3 34
¿ 14
3.00

3. 09
3 21
¿ 02
2.99

2.38

2.35

¿30

¿35

¿32

2.33

2.30

¿29

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

3.33
3.18

$2.66
2.79
2.80
2. 89
2.54
2.37
2.93
2.29

$2.66
2. 81
2.82
2.91
2. 52
2.34
2.91
2.28

$2.62
2. 79
2. 78
2. 85
2. 48
2.33
2.89
2.26

$2.63
2. 77
2. 77
2.85
2.49
2.32
2.88
2. 28

$2.63
2.75
2. 76
2. 87
2. 49
2.31
2. 89
2.26

$2.62
2.74
2. 77
2. 86
2.49
2.33
2. 87
2.25

$2.61
2.75
2. 77
2.80
2.48
2.33
2. 87
2.25

$2.61
2.73
2.76
2. 84
2.47
2.33
2.88
2.25

3 33

2.38

a is

1434

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

Annual
average

1965

Industry
N ov.2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

M ay

June

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings

Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Instruments and related products......... $114.66 $114. 93 $114. 78 $112.17 $111. 90 $113. 94 $113.79 $112. 71 $113.10 $112. 67 $111.72 $111.72 $110.88 $108.47 $103.63
Engineering and scientific instruments.
133.18 133. 06 128.59 131. 89 131. 82 .131.40 130.28 133.18 131.70 132.25 134.23 129.13 125. 33 119. 66
Mechanical measuring and control
devices....................................... 114. 68 116.20 115. 08 112.74 112.19 115.60 115.75 114.63 114.48 114.06 114.06 109.06 111.34 108. 62 103.79
Optical and ophthalmic goods........... 102.26 102.26 103.83 101. 26 101.92 102.66 102.48 97.68 101. 88 101. 22 99.84 100.86 100.25 98.65 94. 81
Ophthalmic goods....... .................
92.16 94. 07 91.58 93. 25 93.30 92.48 88.44 92.06 91.24 90.17 90.64 90.67 89. 40 86. 07
Surgical, medical, and dental equip­
ment.......................................... 97.00 95.47 95.71 93.50 91.94 95.30 94.89 93.38 93.89 92. 57 93.20 93.89 93.02 90.23 88.22
Photographic equipment and supplies..
136. 47 136. 03 132.25 131. 58 133. 67 133. 90 134.29 131.63 132.85 129. 86 131. 54 129.20 127.84 120.38
Watches and clocks..........................
92. 03 92.48 92.70 91.35 91.17 89. 91 90.50 91.62 91.02 89.35 91.27 89.76 87.85 84.50
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 90. 00 90. 50 89. 20 88.22 86. 24 88.62 88.62 87.74 89.28 88.84 87.52 87.48 86.46 85.39 82.37
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware— 107. 26 108. 89 105. 42 102. 51 95. 35 100.94 100.28 100.04 100.19 97.27 96.63 103.39 102.67 95.53 91.58
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods..
79.40 78. 41 79.00 77. 60 78. 80 78. 40 78.40 79.59 78.59 77.20 76.64 76.62 76. 44 74.30
Pens, pencils, office and art materials. _
90. 03 88. 07 86.43 84. 02 87.48 86.05 84.42 85. 44 84. 80 82.29 85. 70 85.49 82.82 78. 80
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
80.77 81.18 80.00 78. 56 82.42 81.20 79.37 81. 81 81.81 80.17 80.40 77. 42 77.62 73.90
Other manufacturing industries......... 97. 04 97.53 96. 40 95.04 93.62 95.04 95.75 94. 56 95.47 95.88 94.24 94.60 94.19 92.46 89. 60
Musical instruments and parts____
103. 42 99.39 99.63 97.28 100.45 99.39 98.42 99.53 102.18 97.20 99. 77 101. 64 97.75 94.66
Average weekly hours
Instruments and related products.........
Engineering and scientific instruments. —
Mechanical measuring and control
devices.............. ............ ...........
Optical and ophthalmic goods...........
Ophthalmic goods...... ..................
Surgical, medical, and dental equip­
ment—........................................
Photographic equipment and supplies.
Watches and clocks................ ........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware—.
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods.
Pens, pencils, office and art materials.
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
Other manufacturing industries.........
Musical instruments and parts........

42.0

42.1
43.1

42.2
43.2

41.7
42.3

41.6
43.1

42.2
42.8

42.3
42.8

41.9
42.3

42.2
43.1

42.2
42.9

42.0
42.8

42.0
43.3

42.0
42.2

41.4
41.5

40.8
40.7

41.7
41.4

42.1
41.4
40.6

42.0
41.7
40.9

41.6
41.5
40.7

41.4
41.6
40.9

42.5
41.9
41.1

42.4
42.0
41.1

42.3
40.7
.40.2

42.4
42.1
41.1

42.4
42.0
41.1

42.4
41.6
40.8

41.0
42.2
41.2

41.7
42.3
41.4

41.3
41.8
41.2

40.7
41.4
40.6

41.1

40.8
43.6
40.9

40.9
43.6
41.1

40.3
42.8
41.2

39.8
43.0
40.6

40.9
43.4
40.7

40.9
43.9
40.5

40.6
43.6
40.4

41.0
43.3
40.9

40.6
43.7
41.0

40.7
43.0
40.8

41.0
43.7
41.3

40.8
43.5
40.8

40.1
42.9
40.3

40.1
41.8
39.3

40.0
41.9

40.4
42.7
39.9
41.3
39.4
40.3
41.7

40.0
42.0
39.4
40.4
39.6
40.0
40.9

40.1
41.5
39.7
40.2
39.8
40.1
41.0

39.2
39.4
38.8
38.9
38.7
39.5
40.2

40.1
41.2
39.4
40.5
40.4
40.1
41.0

40.1
41.1
39.2
40.4
40.2
40.4
40.9

39.7
41.0
39.2
40.2
39.1
39.9
40.5

40.4
41.4
39.4
40.3
40.3
40.8
41.3

40.2
40.7
39.1
40.0
40.3
40.8
42.4

39.6
40.6
38.6
39.0
39.3
40.1
40.5

40.5
42.9
39.3
41.6
40.4
40.6
41.4

40.4
42.6
39.7
41.3
39.5
40.6
42.0

39.9
41.0
39.2
40.4
39.6
40.2
40.9

39.6
40.7
38.9
39.4
39.1
40.0
40.8

40.1

Average hourly earnings
Instruments and related products—......
Engineering and scientific instruments.
Mechanical measuring and control
devices_______ _____ _______
Optical and ophthalmic goods....... .
Ophthalmic goods.__________
Surgical, medical, and dental equip­
ment..........................................
Photographic equipment and supplies.
Watches and clocks................ .........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods.
Pens, pencils, office and art materials..
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
Other manufacturing industries_____
Musical instruments and parts____
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.73

$2.73
3.09

$2.72
3. 08

$2.69
3.04

$2.69
3.06

$2. 70
3.08

$2.69
3.07

$2.69
3.08

$2.68
3.09

$2.67
3.07

$2.66
3.09

$2.66
3.10

$2.64
3.06

$2.62
3.02

$2.54
2.94

2.75
2. 47

2.76
2. 47
2. 27

2. 74
2. 49
2.30

2.71
2.44
2.25

2.71
2. 45
2. 28

2.72
2.45
2.27

2.73
2.44
2.25

2. 71
2. 40
2.20

2. 70
2.42
2.24

2.69
2.41
2.22

2.69
2. 40
2.21

2.66
2.39
2.20

2.67
2.37
2 19

2.63
2.36
2.17

2.55
2.29
2.12

2.36

2.34
3.13
2.25

2.34
3.12
2.25

2.32
3.09
2. 25

2.31
3. 06
2. 25

2.33
3.08
2.24

2.32
3.05
2.22

2.30
3.08
2.24

2.29
3.04
2. 24

2.28
3.04
2.22

2.29
3.02
2.19

2.29
3. 01
2. 21

2.28
2.97
2. 20

2.25
2.98
2.18

2.20
2.88
2.15

2. 25
2.56

2.24
2.55
1.99
2.18
2. 05
2. 42
2. 48

2.23
2.51
1.99
2.18
2. 05
2.41
2.43

2.20
2. 47
1.99
2.15
2. 01
2. 37
2. 43

2. 20
2. 42
2. 00
2.16
2. 03
2. 37
2. 42

2. 21
2.45
2.00
2.16
2.04
2.37
2.45

2. 21
2. 44
2.00
2.13
2.02
2.37
2.43

2. 21
2.44
2.00
2.10
2.03
2.37
2.43

2.21
2.42
2.02
2.12
2.03
2.34
2.41

2.21
2.39
2. 01
2.12
2.03
2. 35
2.41

2. 21
2.38
2.00
2.11
2.04
2. 35
2.40

2.16
2.41
1.95
2.06
1.99
2.33
2.41

2.14
2.41
1.93
2.07
1.96
2.32
2.42

2.14
2.33
1.95
2.05
1.96
2.30
2.39

2.08
2.25
1.91
2.00
1.89
2.24
2.32

2. 42

1435

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
A nnual
a v er a g e

1965

1966
I n d u s tr y
N o v . 2 | O c t.2 | S e p t. | A u g . | J u ly | J u n e
]Vf arm

M a y | A pr.

M ar.

Feb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s

i ri n g— O on t,in nod

Nondurable goods
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ______________ $104.65 $103.82 $104.92 $103. 34
115.37 113.28 114.78 108. 79
M e a t p r o d u c ts .- - __________________
D a ir y p r o d u c ts --------------------------------------- 111.14 110. 04 110. 93 109. 23
C a n n e d a n d p r e s e r v e d food , e x c e p t
86. 71
8 2 .7 6
8 6 .9 3
m e a ts
121.14 123.28 124.55 118. 42
G r ain m ill p r o d u c t s .. . ______________
105. 46 105. 59 106.11 106.08
.
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ____ . . . . . . .
9 7 .2 8 119.23 121. 54
S ugar
89 .0 6
88 .6 6
89.06
87.1 6
C o n fe c tio n e r y a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts ____
119.25
118. 73 119.97
119.
88
B e v e r a g e s _____ . ______ ____ _______
M isc e lla n e o u s food a n d k in d r e d p rod u c t s ____________________________________ 103.82 104.25 104. 55 102. 41
81.72
80.51
83. 41 82 .6 8
T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s __ __
104. 79 106. 23 106.11
C ig a r e tte s
64.25
66.41
64.61
C igars
83. 36
8 2 .8 0
8 3 .2 0
8 3 .3 8
T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts _____________ . . . . .
86
.2 3
87.0
9
86.2
5
87.0
6
C o tto n b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s ..
87. 31
89.35
86. 50
86.9 0
S ilk a n d s y n t h e t ic b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s.
88
.6
0
86.7
4
8
7
.7
8
84.6
3
W e a v in g a n d fin is h in g b r o a d w o o le n s ..
82.1 2
81.9 0
81.25
81.7 3
N a r r o w fab rics a n d s m a ll w a r e s ________
73.52
74.
24
72.
76
72.9
3
K n i t t i n g . . . ------------------------ --------------F in is h in g te x tile s , e x c e p t w o o l a n d
90. 74
9 2 .0 2
91.5 9
9 2 .6 6
k n i t .................................... .... . ___________
85. 43
8 6 .8 6
86.0 5
F lo o r co v e r in g
79 .0 0
77.00
78.4
9
79.05
Y a m a n d th r e a d ________________________
9 5 .9 0
93. 95
94. 37
95.4 6
M is c e lla n e o u s t e x tile g o o d s ____ ________

$105. 59 $104.24 $103. 89 $102. 21 $101. 66 $101. 59 $101.34 $102.26 $100. 77 $99. 87
109. 74 109. 86 108.53 106. 27 105. 73 106. 00 108.53 108. 62 109. 82 107.27
112.92 110.68 108. 20 107. 52 107. 26 106. 59 107. 01 107.10 106. 01 105. 08

$ 9 7.17
105. 98
102.12

79.54
114. 66
101.35
105. 57
84.1 0
113. 43

79. 56
118.49
102. 77
108. 58
84.4 0
117.10

77.62
115. 70
102. 77
106. 02
83.1 3
116. 93

78. 60
113. 40
101. 40
110.33
83.5 3
114. 09

75. 66
109. 07
9 7 .1 2
106. 57
7 9 .9 8
109. 89

101.44

99.1 7

100. 85

101.32

9 8 .7 9

9 6 .2 5

87.91
111.25
66.15

8 2 .3 0
101. 38
64. 05

82. 68
103. 09
6 4 .9 0

79.97
100.73
67.3 0

79.21
97.2 7
63.9 5

75. 66
9 3 .4 5
6 4 .0 8

81.22
84.1 5
86.68
87.23
79.52
70.5 9

81.22
84 .9 7
86 .2 4
87.44
79 .1 0
6 9 .8 7

79.84
84.3 9
8 4 .8 3
85. 80
77.3 8
6 8 .0 2

80.7 9
83. 57
86.6 3
85. 80
79.4 8
68. 71

80.7 9
8 3 .9 6
86.2 4
83.3 8
77.56
7 0 .1 3

7 8 .1 7
8 0 .2 8
8 3 .9 0
83. 69
75.9 9
6 8 .2 9

73.3 9
74.3 4
79. 24
76. 86
73. 03
65. 45

91.94
81.41
76. 79
92.0 2

9 0 .8 7
82.41
76 .7 2
92.2 3

87.96
81.25
76. 72
90.9 5

90. 25
86.3 9
76. 46
93.96

89 .6 3
85.11
76. 46
9 2 .2 3

85. 85
81.51
73. 70
88. 20

8 1 .9 0
76. 26
6 6 .9 9
83. 63

82. 58
120. 38
106. 71
127. 75
87. 36
130. 23

80.8 9
118. 22
106.34
121. 84
87.91
121. 67

84. 50
114.04
104.23
120. 41
87.02
117.33

83.11
113.36
102. 66
117.42
84. 75
117. 74

82.1 8
81. 09
114.40 115. 00
101. 75 101. 85
119.39 116. 48
84. 50
85. 97
115.37 114. 00

101.50

102. 24

101. 64

99.8 4

99.3 0

87.23
104. 72
63.71

88. 55
106.92
65.12

86.94
103. 45
66 .3 3

86.49
105. 57
65. 28

84.64
102. 80
66.15

81.7 6
85.63
89. 35
88. 39
80. 48
70. 27

84.3 5
89.8 5
87. 87
90. 90
81.64
72.31

81.45
83. 38
87.71
89 .7 6
79.27
72.31

79.90
82.64
85.1 4
87.0 3
78. 47
6 8 .6 3

89.0 3
8 0 .3 9
78. 07
92. 65

94.17
8 3 .1 8
78.9 4
95. 25

91. 54
80.93
76. 68
94. 61

91.5 4
80.1 5
76. 50
91.5 9

A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s
41 .2
4 1 .8
4 2 .0

4 1 .8
4 2 .2
4 2 .5

4 1 .5
4 0 .9
4 2 .5

4 1 .9
4 1 .1
4 3 .6

4 1 .2
41 .3
4 2 .9

4 0 .9
4 0 .8
42 .1

4 0 .4
4 0 .1
4 2 .0

4 0 .5
3 9 .6
4 1 .9

4 0 .8
4 0 .0
4 1 .8

4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 1 .8

4 1 .4
4 1 .3
4 2 .0

4 1 .3
4 1 .6
4 1 .9

41. 1
41. 1
42. 2

4 1 .0
4 1 .4
4 2 .2

3 9 .8
4 0 .5

3 9 .6
4 6 .0
4 0 .3
3 8 .0
4 0 .3
4 0 .7

4 1 .2
4 6 .3
4 0 .5
41.4
4 0 .3
4 0 .8

40 .9
4 5 .2
4 0 .8
4 2 .2
4 0 .3
4 1 .8

3 9 .7
4 6 .3
4 1 .2
4 3 .6
3 9 .0
4 4 .6

3 7 .8
4 6 .0
4 0 .9
4 2 .9
3 9 .6
42.1

3 9 .3
4 4 .2
4 0 .4
42.1
3 9 .2
4 0 .6

3 8 .3
4 3 .6
40 .1
4 1 .2
3 8 .7
4 0 .6

3 8 .8
4 4 .0
3 9 .9
43.1
3 9 .8
4 0 .2

3 9 .7
4 4 .4
4 0 .1
4 3 .3
3 9 .3
4 0 .0

3 8 .8
44.1
3 9 .9
41 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .8

3 9 .0
4 5 .4
4 0 .3
4 6 .6
4 0 .0
4 0 .8

3 9 .6
4 4 .5
4 0 .3
4 5 .5
3 9 .4
4 0 .6

3 9 .3
4 5 .0
4 0 .4
4 2 .6
3 9 .4
4 0 .6

3 8 .8
4 4 .7
4 0 .3
4 2 .8
3 9 .4
4 0 .4

4 2 .9

4 2 .9

4 2 .5

4 1 .8

4 1 .6

4 1 .9

4 2 .0

4 1 .6

4 1 .9

4 2 .8

4 2 .2

43 .1

4 3 .3

4 2 .4

4 2 .4

3 7 .8

39 .1
39 .1
37 .1

40.1
3 9 .2
3 6 .5

3 8 .1
3 9 .3
3 6 .3

3 7 .6
3 8 .5

3 8 .3
3 8 .6
3 7 .9

3 8 .1
39 .1
3 7 .3

3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 7 .8

3 9 .6
4 0 .9
3 7 .8

3 8 .1
3 8 .4
3 6 .6

3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 7 .3

3 7 .9
3 8 .3
3 8 .9

3 7 .9
3 7 .7
3 7 .4

3 8 .8
3 9 .1

T e x tile m ill p r o d u c ts _____ ______ _________
C o tto n b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s____________
S ilk a n d s y n t h e t ic b ro a d w o v e n fabrics.
W e a v in g a n d fin is h in g b ro a d w o o le n s ..
N a r r o w fab rics a n d s m a ll w a r e s ................
K n it t i n g .............. ............... ..................... ..............
F in is h in g t e x tile s , e x c e p t w o o l a n d k n it.
F lo o r c o v e r in g _________________ ______ _
Y a r n a n d th r e a d ________________________
M is c e lla n e o u s te x tile g o o d s ............. ............

4 1 .4
4 2 .9
4 2 .4
4 0 .3
4 1 .7
3 8 .7
4 2 .6
4 1 .4
4 2 .7

4 1 .6
4 2 .7
4 2 .6
4 1 .5
4 1 .9
3 8 .9
4 2 .9
4 3 .0
4 2 .2
4 3 .0

4 1 .9
43 .1
4 2 .8
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
3 9 .0
4 2 .8
4 2 .6
4 2 .5
4 3 .2

42.1
4 2 .9
43 .8
42 .8
42.1
3 9 .7
4 2 .6
4 2 .5
4 2 .7
4 2 .9

3 6 .2
4 1 .5
4 2 .6
4 3 .8
4 2 .7
4 1 .7
3 8 .4
4 1 .8
4 0 .6
4 2 .2
4 2 .5

3 8 .5
3 9 .6
37. 0
4 2 .6
4 4 .7
4 3 .5
4 3 .7
4 2 .3
3 9 .3
4 3 .8
4 1 .8
4 2 .9
43.1

4 2 .2
4 3 .2
4 4 .3
4 4 .0
4 1 .5
3 9 .3
4 3 .8
41 .5
4 2 .6
4 3 .5

4 1 .4
4 2 .6
4 3 .0
4 3 .3
4 1 .3
3 7 .5
4 3 .8
41.1
4 2 .5
4 2 .6

4 2 .3
4 3 .6
4 4 .0
4 3 .4
4 2 .3
3 9 .0
4 4 .2
4 2 .4
4 2 .9
4 3 .0

4 2 .3
4 3 .8
4 4 .0
4 3 .5
4 2 .3
3 8 .6
4 3 .9
4 2 .7
43.1
43.1

4 1 .8
43 .5
4 3 .5
4 2 .9
4 1 .6
3 8 .0
4 2 .7
42.1
43.1
4 2 .7

4 2 .3
4 3 .3
4 4 .2
4 2 .9
4 2 .5
3 8 .6
4 3 .6
4 4 .3
4 3 .2
4 3 .7

4 2 .3
4 3 .5
4 4 .0
4 1 .9
4 1 .7
3 9 .4
4 3 .3
44 .1
4 3 .2
43 .1

41.
42.
43.
42.
41.
38.
42.
42.
42.
42.

4 1 .0
4 2 .0
4 3 .3
4 1 .1
4 0 .8
3 8 .5
4 2 .0
4 1 .9
4 1 .1
4 1 .4

F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ______________
M e a t p r o d u c t s ..................................... ............
D a ir y p r o d u c ts ................... ................................
C a n n e d a n d p reserv e d fo o d , ex c e p t
m e a ts ______________ ___________ _____ _
G r ain m ill p r o d u c ts ____________________
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s .______ ________ ______ _
S u g a r . . . ________ ________________________
C o n fe c tio n e r y a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts ___
B e v e r a g e s _______________________________
M is c e lla n e o u s fo o d a n d k in d r e d p ro d ­
u c t s ......... ................. ............................ ................

$2.54
2 .7 6
2 .6 4

$2.52
2.7 1
2 .6 2

$2.51
2 .7 2
2. 61

$2.49
2 .6 6
2. 57

$2. 52
2. 67
2 .5 9

$2.53
2. 66
2. 58

$2.54
2. 66
2 .5 7

$2.53
2 .6 5
2 .5 6

$2. 51
2. 67
2 .5 6

$2.4 9
2 .6 5
2. 55

$2 .4 9
2 .6 6
2 .5 6

$2.4 7
2 .6 3
2. 55

$2.4 4
2. 64
2 .5 3

$2.4 3
2.6 1
2 .4 9

$ 2 .3 7
2 .5 6
2 .4 2

2 .1 9
2 .9 6

2 .0 9
2 .6 8
2 .6 2
2 .5 6
2 .2 0
2 .9 3

2.1 1
2 .6 9
2 .6 2
2 .8 8
2 .2 1
2 .9 1

2 .1 2
2 .6 2
2.6 0
2 .8 8
2.2 1
2 .8 7

2. 08
2 .6 0
2 .5 9
2. 93
2 .2 4
2 .9 2

2 .1 4
2. 57
2. 60
2. 84
2 .2 2
2. 89

2 .1 5
2. 58
2 .5 8
2. 86
2 .2 2
2 .8 9

2 .1 7
2 .6 0
2. 56
2 .8 5
2 .1 9
2. 90

2 .0 9
2 .6 0
2. 55
2 .7 7
2 .1 6
2 .8 7

2 .0 7
2 .5 9
2.5 4
2 .6 9
2 .1 5
2 .8 5

2 .0 5
2 .6 0
2 .5 4
2 .5 5
2.1 4
2 .8 5

2. 04
2.6 1
2 .5 5
2 .3 3
2 .1 1
2 .8 7

1.9 6
2 .6 0
2 .5 5
2 .3 3
2.11
2 .8 8

2 .0 0
2 .5 2
2. 51
2 .5 9
2 .1 2
2. 81

1 .9 5
2 .4 4
2.4 1
2 .4 9
2 .0 3
2 .7 2

2 .4 2

2 .4 3

2 .4 6

2 .4 5

2.4 4

2.4 4

2. 42

2. 40

2 .3 7

2 .3 7

2 .3 5

2 .3 4

2 .3 4

2 .3 3

2 .2 7

T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ____________ ______ _
C ig a r e tt e s ................................. ...........................
C ig a r s ............................................................... .......

2 .1 3

2 .0 9
2 .6 8
1 .7 9

2 .0 8
2.7 1
1 .7 7

2.1 7
2 .7 0
1.77

2 .3 2
2. 72
1.76

2 .3 0
2 .7 0
1.76

2 .2 7
2 .6 8
1.75

2.2 7
2 .7 0
1.75

2.21
2. 67
1.75

2 .2 2
2. 72
1.7 5

2 .1 6
2. 64
1.75

2 .1 2
2. 65
1.74

2 .1 1
2 .6 3
1.73

2 .0 9
2 .5 8
1.71

1.9 5
2 .3 9

T e x tile m ill p r o d u c ts .........„ ................. ............
C o tto n b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s___________
S ilk a n d s y n t h e t ic b ro a d w o v e n fabrics
W e a v in g a n d fin is h in g b ro a d w o o le n s .
N a r r o w fab rics a n d s m a llw a r e s .______
K n it t i n g _______________ ________________
F in is h in g te x tile s , e x c e p t w o o l a n d k n it
F lo o r c o v e r in g ___________ ______________
Y a rn a n d th r e a d ___________ _________ _
M isc e lla n e o u s te x tile g o o d s ____ _______

2 .0 0
2 .0 3
2 .0 4
2 .1 0
1.96
1.88
2.1 6

2 .0 0
2 .0 2
2 .0 4
2 .0 9
1.96
1.89
2 .1 6
2.0 2
1.86
2.22

1 .9 9
2 .0 2
2 .0 4
2.0 Í
1.95
1.87
2 .U
2.0 2
1.86
2.22

1.9 8
2.01
2.04
2 .0 7
1.9 3
1.87
2. V
2.01
1.85
2.19

1.97
2.01
2. 04
2. 07
1.9c
1.8c
2. lc
1.98
1.85
2.18

1.9 8
2. 01
2 .0 2
2.0 8
1.9c
1.84
2.15
1.99
1. 84
2.21

1.93
1.9c
1.98
2.04
1.91
1.84
2. Of
1.95
1.80
2 . 18|

1.93
1.94
1.98
2. 0)
1. 90
1.8c
2 .0 !
1.95
1.80
2.15

1.92
1.9c
1.97
2. 01
1.88
1. 81
2.08
1.92
1. 79
2.14

1.92
1.94
1.96
2. 01
1.87
1.81
2. 07
1.9c
1.78
2.14

1.91
1.94
1.95
2 .0 0
1. 86
1.79
2. G6
1.9c
1.78
2.1 3

1.91
1.93
1.96
2 .0 0
1.87
1 .7 8
2 .0 7
1.95
1.77
2.15

1.91
1.93
1.9 6
1.9 9
1 .8 6
1 .7 8
2. 07
1.93
1 .7 7
2 .1 4

1.8 7
1. 88
1.92
1.9 6
1. 84
1. 76
2 .0 2
1.9C
i. 73
2. 09

1 .7 9
1 .7 7
1 .8 3
1 .8 7
1 .7 9
1.7 0
1 .9 5
1. 82
1 .6 3

F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ............ .................
M e a t p r o d u c t s ..................................................
D a ir y p r o d u c t s ...................... ............................
C a n n e d a n d p r e se r v e d food , e x c e p t
m e a t s ______________ ______ ________ ____
G r a in m ill p r o d u c ts ........................................
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ................................ ..............
S u g a r .........................................................................
C o n fe c tio n e r y a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts ___
B e v e r a g e s ................................. .............................
M isc e lla n e o u s fo o d a n d k in d r e d p ro d ­
u c t s .......................................... .......... .................

4 1 .2
4 1 .8
4 2 .1

T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s .............. .........................
C ig a r e tte s ................................... ...........................
C ig a r s ........................................................................

4 4 .7
40 .1

8
7
7
7
3
8
5
9
6
2

38.6

A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea r n in g s

S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2.7 1
2 .6 3

1.86
2.21

1.66

2.02

1436

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966
T able

C -l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423
1966

Industry
N ov.2 Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

Annual
average

1965

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and related p r o d u c t s .._____
$69.87 $70.64 $67.83 $70.11 $67.88 $68.63 $68.26 $67.51 $69.37 $68.81 $66.05 $67.15 $67. 70 $66.61 $64. 26
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______
86. 41 86.87 84.83 87.19 85. 03 85. 86 85.69 83.54 85.25 85.69 83.76 84.20 83.98 81.86 76.23
M en’s and boys’ furnishings_________
60.31 60.05 59.36 60.10 58.56 59.78 58. 30 57.67 59.09 59.31 58.46 58.56 59.03 57.90 56.09
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear______________________________ 71.69 72.21 68. 67 73.56 71.90 71.34 71.34 71.34 73.63 72.38 66. 73 68.68 68.21 68.68 66. 78
Women’s and children’s undergarm ents_______________
__________
65.63 65.74 64.18 63.92 61.99 62.53 62. 59 61.39 63.07 62. 53 59.45 60.96 62.50 60.19 58.97
Hats, caps, and millinery______
. ..
72.86 67.86 75 38 71 28 70. 30 67. 71 66.40 74 03 74. 43 68. 42 09 30 00 18 70 08 OQ 70
Girls’ and children’s outerwear_______
60.90 62.48 59.86 63. 86 63.86 64.01 63.15 62.47 64.01 64.75 61.22 60.33 60.82 60.79 58Í00
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel-..
77.46 72.04 74.23 73. 43 74.54 74.17 71.54 71.57 71.93 70.40 72.04 73.00 70. 81 67.51
Miscellaneous fabricated textile" products______________________________
78.17 80.96 76.58 76.23 69.92 74.10 74.30 73.71 74.11 73.34 72.35 75.08 77.42 73.73 70.47
Paper and allied products______________
Paper and p u lp .__ _____ _______ ..
Paperboard_________________________
Converted paper and paperboard products___________________ _____ . . .
Paperboard containers and boxes...........

120.81 121.37 121.92 120. 77 120. 50 120.18 119.03 117.50 117.34 116.37 115. 83 117. 82 116. 85 114.22 109.57
139.19 138.43 138.29 137.39 137. 56 135.45 134.25 132.76 131. 72 131.28 130. 69 131.87 131.12 128.16 121.88
139.19 140.12 138.91 138.12 139. 38 138. 78 139.54 141.22 136. 96 133. 95 136. 05 138.16 136. 80 132.14 124.32
104. 08 105. 00 105. 75 104.23 103.91 104.66 103.57 102.34 102.41 101.50 101.26 102.97 100.91 99.42 96.28
109.39 110.17 111.89 109.82 108.54 110.08 108.89 106. 01 107.35 105.92 104. 00 108. 50 108.00 104.23 100.56

Printing, publishing and allied industries. 124. 48
Newspaper publishing and printing__ 129.17
Periodical publishing and printing____
Books__
.
.
. . ___ _______
Commercial printing___ . . . ________ 127.44
Bookbinding and related industries___ 94.18
Other publishing and printing industries__________ ___________ ______ 127.26

125. 51
127. 73
139. 03
116.48
129.20
96.29

Apparel and related products__________
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______
M en’s and boys’ furnishings_________
W omen’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear___________________________ . .
Women’s and children’s undergarm ents_____ ___ _______ _______
Hats, caps, and millinery____________
Girls’ and children’s outerwear. . . .
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel...
Miscellaneous fabricated textile" products______________________________

36.2
37.9
37.0

36.6
38.1
37.3

35.7
37.7
37.1

33.5

33.9

37.5
35.0

38.0
36.8
35.7
37.6

38.7

39.3

Paper and allied products______________
Paper and pulp_________ _ _ _ _ _ ___
Paperboard. . . ___
_ __. _______
Converted paper and paperboard products______________________________
Paperboard containers and boxes...........

43.3
44.9
44.9

43.5
44.8
45.2

41.8
42.4

Printing, publishing and allied industries.
Newspaper publishing and printing___
Periodical publishing and printing.._
__
_____”. . .
Books. ____
Commercial printing__________ ____
Bookbinding and related industries___
Other publishing and printing industries___ _ _ _ _________ _ _ __ __

38.9
36.8

125.12
127. 39
139. 03
117.04
129.04
94.92

122.85
125.17
132.93
115 78
127.20
93.60

121.83
124.17
132. 76
114 11
126.25
92. ’9

122.22
125.24
125. 58
110 84
125.45
95.01

120.82
122.40
124. 74
112 59
124.03
94.14

121.06
119. 95
126. 00
114 30
125.77
94.95

119. 74
119. 62
124. 90
111. 22
124. 03
94.17

117.73
118.57
124. 50
111 22
120. 59
90.58

122.30
125. 43
120. 07
114 51
124. 80
93.93

118.97
122. 69
122.15
111 11
122.14
91.48

118.12
119. 85
125. 83
110 08
120.96
91.57

114.35
116. 84
122 01
100 90
116.42
89.40

125.26 126.81 124.16 123.00 122.43 122.88 123.13 125.05 124.41 123.24 125.22 120.90 120.90 116.10
Average weekly hours
36.9
39.1
37.8

36.3
38.3
37.3

32.7

34.7

34.4

37.1
34.8
34.4
36 2

37.6
37. 5
36.7
37.3

36.9
36. 0
36.7
36.9

38.1

38.5

36.8

43.7
44.9
45.1

43.6
44.9
44.7

43.5
45.1
45.4

42.0
42.7

42.3
43.2

42.2
42.9

39.7
38.6

39.1
36.6
41.5
41.9
40.0
39.3

39.1
36.5
41 5
41.8
40.2
38.9

39.4

38.9

Apparel and related products__________
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats.
M en’s and boys’ furnishings.. .
____
Women’s, misses’, and juniors’ outerwear_____________ _____ _ _ _ _
Women’s and children’s undergarments.
H ats, caps, and m illin ery.. _____ ____
Girls’ and children’s outerwear_______
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel...
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products_______ _______________________

$1.93
2.28
1.63
2.14
1.75

Paper and allied products______________
Paper and pulp __________ ________
Paperboard- . _ _ ________ .
_ ._
Converted paper and paperboard products____________________ ___ ____
Paperboard containers and boxes_____
Printing, publishing and allied industries.
Newspaper publishing and printing__
Periodical publishing and printing___
Books. _______ . . . ___ . . . . . __ .
Commercial printing________ ___ _
Bookbinding’ and related industries___
Other publishing and printing industries__________________________
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

122. 54
125. 58
129.44
117.43
125.37
93.65

36.5
38.6
36.9

36.1
37.8
36.5

36.9
38.4
37.4

36.6
38.6
37.3

35.7
37.9
37.0

36.1
38.1
37.3

36.4
38.0
37.6

34.8

34.8

34.8

35.4

34.8

33.2

33.5

37.0
37. 0
37.0
36.9

36.6
36.6
36.5
36.9

35.9
35.7
35.9
36.5

37.1
37.2
37.0
36.7

37.0
37.4
37.0
36.7

35.6
36.2
35.8
36.1

36.5
36.7
35.7
36.2

38.0

38.1

37.8

38.4

38.0

37.1

43.7
45.0
45.5

43.6
44.9
45.9

43.2
44.7
46.3

43.3
44.5
45.5

43.1
44.5
44.5

42.9
44.3
45.2

41.9
42.4

42.2
43.0

42.1
42.7

41.6
41.9

41.8
42.6

41.6
42.2

39.0
36.6
40 9
42.1
40.0
39.0

38.8
36.2
40.6
41.8
39.7
38.9

38.9
36.4
40.2
42. 7
39.8
38.7

38.8
36.3
39. 0
42. 8
39.7
39.1

38.6
36.0
39. 6
41.7
39.5
38.9

38.8
35.7
40. 0
42,2
39.8
39.4

38.9

38.8

38.8

38.4
38.6
39.2
38.5
Average hourly earnings

$1.93
2.28
1.61

$1.90
2.25
1.60

$1.90
2.23
1.59

$1.87
2.22
1.57

$1.87
2.23
1.59

$1.87
2.22
1.58

$1.87
2.21
1.58

2.13
1.73
1.98
1.75
2.06

2.10
1.73
1. 95
1.74
1.99

2.12
1.70
2. 01
1.74
1. 99

2.09
1.68
1. 98
1.74
1.99

2.05
1.69
1.90
1.73
2.02

2.05
1. 71
1. 85
1.73
2.01

2.05
1.71
1.80
1.74
1.96

2.02

2.06

2.01

1.98

1.90

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.93

1.93

1.95

1.94

1.98

1.92

1.84

2.79
3.1C
3.1C

2.79
3.09
3.1C

2.79
3.08
3.08

2.77
3.06
3. OS

2.77
3.05
3. 07

2. 75
3. 01
3.05

2.73
2.99
3.04

2.72
2.97
3.05

2.71
2.96
3.01

2. 70
2.95
3. 01

2. 70
2.95
3. 01

2.69
2.95
3. 01

2.68
2.94
3.00

2.65
2.88
2.93

2.56
2.77
2.80

2.4S
2.58

2.5C
2.58

2. 5C
2.59

2.47
2.56

2.48
2.56

2.48
2.56

2.46
2.55

2.46
2.53

2.45
2.52

2.44
2.51

2.44
2.50

2.44
2. 50

2.42
2.50

2.39
2. 47

2.32
2.40

3.20
3.51
3.21
2.44

3.21
3.4S
3.35
2 78
3.23
2.45

3.20
3.49
3.35
2 80
3.21
2.44

3.15
3.42
3.25
2. 75
3.18
2.40

3.14
3.43
3. 27
2. 73
3.18
2.37

3.15
3.45
3. 22
2 75
3.15
2.42

3.15
3.45
3. 22
2 73
3.16
2. 43

3.13
3.40
3.15
2 70
3.14
2.42

3.12
3.36
3.15
2 71
3.16
2.41

3.11
3.36
3.17
2 08
3.14
2.39

3.09
3.34
3.16
2 08
3.10
2.39

3.12
3.39
3.11
2 72
3.12
2.39

3.09
3.38
3.14
2.71
3.10
2.37

3.06
3.32
3.13
2.68
3.07
2.36

2.97
3.21
3.02
2.62
2.97
2.31

3.23

3.22

3.26

3.20

3.17

3.18

3. 20

3.19

3.19

3.19

3.16

3.17

3.10

3.10

3.00

1.74

36.7
38.5
37.6

36.4
37.9
37.6

35.9
36.3
36.9

33.6

34.0

33.9

37.2
35.2
36.2
36.5

36.7
36. 5
36.4
36.5

36.4
36.3
35.8
36.1

38.7

39.1

38.4

38.3

43.8
44.7
45.9

43.6
44.6
45.6

43.1
44.5
45.1

42.8
44.0
44.4

41.5
41.6

42.2
43.4

41.7
43.2

41.6
42.2

41.5
41.9

38.5
35.6
39. 4
41.5
39.5
39.4

38.1
35.5
39.4
41.0
38.9
37.9

39.2
37.0
38. 8
42.1
40.0
39.3

38.5
36.3
38.9
41.0
39.4
38.6

38.6
36.1
40.2
41.3
39.4
38.8

38.5
36.4
40.4
40.8
39.2
38.7

39.0

39.0

39.5

39.0

39.0

38.7

$1.88
2.22
1.58

$1.88
2.22
1.59

$1.85
2. 21
1.58

$1.86
2. 21
1.57

$1.86
2.21
1.57

$1.83
2.16
1.54

$1.79
2.10
1.52

2.08
1. 70
1 99
1.73
1.95

2.08
1.69
1 99
1.75
1.96

2.01
1.67
1. 89
1.71
1.95

2.05
1.67
1. 89
1. 69
1.99

2.03
1.68
1. 88
1.68
2. 00

2.02
1.64
1.92
1.67
1.94

1.97
1.62
1.92
1.62
1.87

1437

G.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, 1423.
Annual
average

1965

1966
Industry
N ov. 2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

May

June

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

1965

N ov.

1964

Average weekly earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
Nondurable goods— Continued
Chemicals and allied products....................
Industrial chemicals-------------------------Plastics materials and synthetics....... —
Drugs-------------------- r- - ..........................
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods— ........
Paints, varnishes, and allied products..
Agricultural chem icals..------ ------------Other chemical produ cts.........................

$127. 87 $127. 26
142. 89 143. 31
126.48 125. 88
116. 05 115.49
123. 81 122.35
116.97 118.40
104. 23 106.21
123. 09 122.64

$127.14 $125. 70
142. 04 140. 53
125.33 125. 50
114. 24 111. 23
122. 77 122.93
119. 83 118. 58
105.15 103.39
123.97 121. 51

$126. 00 $125.76 $124.49 $124.66 $122.64 $123.19 $122.18 $123.35 $123.06
141.53 140. 77 139. 26 139. 26 137. 76 137.34 136. 27 138.32 138.65
126. 52 125.97 124. 98 125. 99 122.09 123.25 121.25 122. 98 122.69
110.68 111. 78 111. 93 111.66 111.25 111.79 111. 38 110.15 109.74
121. 42 121.93 118.12 117.29 116. 62 116.31 116. 03 117. 59 116.33
118. 01 119.99 120. 70 118. 72 115. 65 114. 40 112.75 114. 26 113.71
104.23 102.48 105.94 107. 88 106.48 103.25 102.53 102. 24 100.44
120.38 121. 55 119.00 118. 43 115. 62 116. 72 116. 75 116. 90 119.00

$121. 09 $116.48
136.08 131.04
120. 70 116.89
106.90 102. 77
113.15 108.68
113.15 109.03
100.69 97.63
116. 90 112.98

140.95 143.06 138.42 133.76
Petroleum refining and related industries. 144. 48 145. 09 146.80 142. 72 147.06 145.95 145.61 145.69 141. 62 140.61 141.62
153.91 152.40 154.15 154.21 149.58 148.10 148. 39 148.87 150.78 145.05 139. 52
Petroleum refining----------------- - ............ 151.32 149. 76 152.04 148. 57 125.
114.09
110.62 114. 65 115.90 112.49
27
112.
86
111.87
123.
48
115.87
116.42
130.
87
124.37
128.
86
120.
55
Other petroleum and coal products.......
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic prod­
ucts_________________________ ____ - 112. 44 113.52 114.21 111.04 110.27 111. 30 111. 57 110.62 110.46
159. 56
Tires and inner tubes------------------------ 163.37 167.10 165.99 163.02 162. 94 161. 55 163.44 162. 79 105.57
Other rubber products---------------------- 110.51 110.62 110. 72 106.91 104. 34 107.33 106.24 105.06
92.
21
93. 60
93.56
93.11
93.38
Miscellaneous plastic products------------ 94. 35 95.04 95.04 93.11
73. 92
73.33
74.88
76.05
75.06 74. 68 74. 09 75.85 74.49
Leather and leather products--------- -----102.47 101. 45 100.19 100.19 102.66 103.16 102.09 101.93
Leather tanning and finishing-----------71.05
69.94
71.62
Footwear, except rubber.--------- --------- 71.63 71. 06 71.25 73.32 72. 71 73.88
Other leather products----------------------- 75.27 75.27 72.18 73.71 70.88 72.77 72.96 71.63 72.77
69.91
67.89
72.20 66.22 70.49 68.63 68. 60 68.63
Handbags and personal leather goods.

111. 14 111.41 113.42 111. 94 109. 62 104.90
161. 01 162.62 167.17 161.73 158.06 142.54
106.24 106.75 108. 71 107. 01 103.82 99.96
93.79 92.74 94.08 93.44 92.35 90. 06
75.26
100.21
72.34
73.33
70.09

74.11 74.87 72.96
99.31 101.02 101.50
71.39 71.94 68.82
71.44 74.11 72.93
65.88 68.22 71.34

71.82
97.99
68.80
70.49
67. 86

68.98
94.19
66.55
66. 73
64.88

Average weekly hours
Chemicals and allied products............ —
Industrial chemicals_________________
Plastics materials and synthetics ------Drugs............................................................
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods......... .
Paints, varnishes, and allied products.
Agricultural chemicals------ --------------Other chemical products-------------------

42.2
42.4
42.3
41.3
42.4
40.9
42.2
42.3

42.0
42.4
42.1
41.1
41.9
41.4
43.0
42.0

42.1
42.4
42.2
40.8
41.9
41.9
42.4
42.6

41.9
42.2
42.4
40.3
42.1
41.9
42.2
41.9

42.0
42.5
42.6
40.1
41.3
41.7
42.2
41.8

42.2
42.4
42.7
40.5
41.9
42.4
42.7
42.5

42.2
42.2
42.8
40.7
41.3
42.5
44.7
41.9

42.4
42.2
43.0
40.9
41.3
42.1
46.5
41.7

42.0
42.0
42.1
40.9
41.5
41.6
45.7
41.0

41.9
42.0
42.5
41.1
41.1
41.3
43.2
41.1

41.7
41.8
42.1
41.1
41.0
41.0
42.9
41.4

42.1
42.3
42.7
41.1
41.7
41.4
42.6
41.6

42.0
42.4
42.6
41.1
41.4
41.2
42.2
41.9

41.9
42.0
42.5
40.8
40.7
41.6
43.4
41.9

41.6
41.6
42.2
40.3
40.4
41.3
43.2
42.0

Petroleum refining and related industries.
Petroleum refining........ ................. ..........
Other petroleum and coal products.......

42.0
41.8
42.9

42.3
41.6
44.9

42.8
42.0
45.6

42.1
41.5
44.1

43.0
42.4
44.9

42.8
42.1
44.9

42.7
42.7
42.8

42.6
42.6
42.6

41.9
41.9
41.9

41.6
41.6
41.8

41.9
41.8
42.1

41.7
41.7
41.9

42.2
42.0
43.1

42.2
41.8
43.9

41.8
41.4
43.6

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic prod­
ucts...............................— .........- ..........
Tires and inner tubes---------------- -----Other rubber products---------------------Miscellaneous plastic products-----------

41.8
43.8
41. 7
41.2

42.2
44.8
41.9
41.5

42.3
44.5
42.1
41.5

41.9
44.3
41.6
41.2

41.3
43.8
40.6
40.8

42.0
43.9
41.6
41.5

42.1
44.9
41.5
41.4

41.9
44.6
41.2
41.2

42.0
44.2
41.4
41.6

42.1
44.6
41.5
41.5

42.2
44.8
41.7
41.4

42.8
45.8
42.3
42.0

42.4
44.8
41.8
41.9

42.0
44. 4
41.2
41.6

41.3
41.8
40.8
41. 5

Leather and leather products__________
Leather tanning and finishing----------Footwear, except ru b b er..------ --------Other leather products______________
Handbags and personal leather goods.

38.1
37.7
38.6

38.1
40.5
37.6
38. 8
38.0

37.8
40.1
37.7
37.4
35.6

39.1
40.4
39.0
39.0
38.1

39.0
40.4
39.3
37.7
37.3

39.2
40.9
39.3
38.5
37.9

38.6
41.1
38.3
38.4
37.5

37.8
41.0
37.4
37.9
37.1

38.5
41.1
38.2
38.5
38.2

39.2
40.9
39.1
38.8
38.3

38.8
40.7
38.8
38.0
36.6

39.2
41.4
39.1
38.8
37.9

38.2
41.6
37.4
39.0
39.2

38.2
41.0
37.8
38.1
37.7

37.9
40.6
37.6
37.7
37.5

Average hourly earnings
Chemicals and allied products-----Industrial chemicals___________
Plastics materials and synthetics
Drugs------- -------------------- --------Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods..
Paints, varnishes, and allied products.
Agricultural chemicals_________
Other chemical products_______

$3. 03
3.37
2.99
2.81
2.92
2.86
2.47
2.91

$3.03
3.38
2.99
2.81
2.92
2.86
2.47
2. 92

$3.02
3. 35
2.97
2.80
2. 93
2. 86
2.48
2.91

$3.00
3. 33
2.96
2.76
2.92
2.83
2.45
2.90

$3.00
3.33
2.97
2. 76
2.94
2.83
2. 47
2.88

$2.98
3.32
2.95
2.76
2.91
2.83
2.40
2.86

$2.95
3.30
2.92
2.75
2.86
2.84
2.37
2.84

$2.94
3. 30
2.93
2.73
2.84
2.82
2.32
2.84

$2.92
3.28
2.90
2.72
2.81
2.78
2.33
2.82

$2.94
3.27
2.90
2.72
2.83
2.77
2.39
2.84

$2.93
3.26
2.88
2.71
2.83
2.75
2.39
2.82

$2.93
3. 27
2.88
2.68
2.82
2.76
2.40
2.81

$2.93
3.27
2.88
2.67
2.81
2.76
2.38
2.84

$2.89
3.24
2.84
2.62
2.78
2.72
2.32
2.79

$2.80
3.15
2. 77
2.55
2. 69
2.64
2.26
2.69

Petroleum refining and related industries
Petroleum refining____________
Other petroleum and coal products___

3.44
3.62
2. 81

3.43
3. 60
2. 87

3.43
3. 62
2. 87

3.39
3. 58
2.80

3.42
3.63
2. 79

3.41
3. 62
2.77

3.41
3. 61
2.72

3.42
3.62
2.72

3.38
3. 57
2.67

3.38
3.56
2.70

3.38
3.55
2.71

3.38
3. 57
2.64

3.39
3.59
2.66

3.28
3.47
2. 64

3.20
3.37
2.58

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic prod
ucts____________ _________________
Tires and inner tubes___________ ___
Other rubber products______________
Miscellaneous plastic products........ .

2.69
3.73
2. 65
2.29

2. 69
3.73
2. 64
2.29

2. 70
3. 73
2.63
2.29

2.65
3.68
2.57
2.26

2.67
3.72
2.57
2.26

2.65
3.68
2.58
2.25

2. 65
3.64
2.56
2.26

2.64
3.65
2. 55
2.26

2.63
3. 61
2. 55
2.25

2.64
3. 61
2. 56
2.26

2.64
3.63
2.56
2.24

2.65
3.65
2.57
2.24

2.64
3. 61
2. 56
2.23

2.61
3. 56
2.52
2.22

2.54
3.41
2.45
2.17

1.97

1.96
2.53
1. 89
1.94
1.90

1.96
2.53
1.89
1.93
1.86

1.94
2.48
1.88
1.89
1.85

1. 91
2. 48
1.85
1.88
1.84

1.94
2. 51
1.88
1.89
1.81

1.94
2.51
1.87
1.90
1.83

1.94
2.4S
1.87
1.8t
1.83

1.92
2.48
1. 86
1.8S
1.83

1.92
2. 45
1.85
1.89
1.83

1.91
2.44
1.84
1.88
1.80

1.91
2. 44
1.84
1.91
1.80

1.91
2. 44
1.84
1.87
1.82

1.88
2.39
1.82
1.85
1.80

1.82
2.32
1.77
1.77
1.73

Leather and leather products___
Leather tanning and finishing.
Footwear, except rubber_____
Other leather products_______

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1.90
1.95

1438

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966
T able

C -l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

1966

1965

Annual
average

Industry
Nov.2 Oct.2 Sept. Aug.

July June May Apr. Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec. Nov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3. _______ ____ __
Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportation__
Intercity and rural bus lines........... .
Motor freight transportation and storage
Public warehousing____________
Pipeline transportation___________
Communication___ ___ ___ ______
Telephone communication________
Telegraph communication4_______
Radio and television broadcasting___
Electric, gas, and sanitary services____
Electric companies and systems____
Gas companies and systems.__ ____
Combined utility systems________
Water, steam, and sanitary systems__

$116.
141.
138.
96.
151.
119.
113.
129.
155.
140.
141.
131.
153.
111.

$ 112.

149.
138.
98.
152.
119.
114.
131.
152.
137.
139.
128.
149.
111.

$113.
158.
136.
98.
148.
117.
112.
131.
149.
136.
139.
124.
148.
109.

$114.59
148. 50
136.42
98.33
150.38
119.19
114.12
131. 07
152.05
139.35
143.90
124. 64
152. 70
112.17

$137. 54 $135.83 $132.75 $135.12 $139.91 $131.94 $132.76 $133. 04 $130.80 $121.80
113.52 113.52 111.83 109.36 109.10 108.42 109.30 109. 20 108.20 104.16
141.24 142. 46 143.60 131.77 138.16 140.87 135.29 136. 71 133.72 125.83
137.06 133.14 131.36 131.88 132.40 128.96 132.80
130.48 124.02
95.92 95.04 92.43 92.59 95.34 93.26 94.13 131.75
94.35 93.09 91.53
148.96 151.00 153.18 150. 75 151. 00 150.32 148.88 149.19
145.85
118. 44 116.47 116.29 116.47 117. 74 115. 20 117.45 119.97 114.62 142.55
110.15
113.15 111.63 111.08 111.63 112.87 110.12 112.59
109.08 105.32
131.50 127.17 124.99 124.26 123.54 123.97 124.99 115.50
126.44
122.55
116.05
150.86 148.13 148.92 148.45 150.42 148.45 150.75 149.60 147.63 140.66
134. 72 135.14 133.99 133.25 135.62 135.20 134.05
131. 24 125.25
137. 78 137.78 136.29 136.29 136. 54 137.03 135.38 135.43
133.31 127.62
122. 72 124.14 122.61 121.99 124.92 124.31 123.30 134.96
124.50
120.83
147.33 147.03 146. 26 144.89 149.29 148.19 147.42 150.88 143.79 116.03
108.39 108.53 110.00 107.83 110.51 108.58 106.55 107.49 105.41 135.55
100.77
Average weekly hours

Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3..................... ...............................
Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportation...................
Intercity and rural bus lines................ .................
Motor freight transportation and storage...............
Public warehousing____________ ___ ______ _
Pipeline transportation______________ ________
Communication___________________ ______ ___
Telephone communication___________ ______
Telegraph communication4_________________
Radio and television broadcasting___________
Electric, gas, and sanitary services_____________
Electric companies and system s_____________
Gas companies and systems_________________
Combined utility system s___ __________ ____
Water, steam, and sanitary systems__________

43.0
43.1
43.0
41.4
40.5
40.7
40.7
43. 0
40.3
41.8
41.7
41.8
42.0
41.1

42.1
45.6
43.1
40.9
41.4
40.9
40.9
43.4
39.9
41.4
41. 4
41.3 '
41.5
41.2

42.4
47.7
43.1
41.3
41.1
40.7
40.7
43.5
39.7
41.5
41.8
41.0
41.6
41.1

42.6
45.0
42.9
40.8
41.2
41.1
41.2
43.4
39.7
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.3
41.7

44 ft
43.0 43.0
44.0 44.8
43.1 42.0
39.8 39.6
40.7 40.7
40.7 40.3
40.7 40.3
43.4 43.7
39.7 39.5
41.2 41.2
41.5 41.5
40.5 40.7
41.5 41.3
40.9 40.8

42.2
45.3
41.7
39.0
41.4
40.1
40.1
43.1
39.5
41.1
41.3
40.6
41.2
41.2

44.3
41.9
42.1
42.0
39.4
41.3
40.3
40.3
42.7
39.8
41.0
41.3
40.8
40.7
41.0

44.7 42.7 44.4
41.8 41.7 42.2
44.0 44.3 43.5
42.3 41.6 42.7
40.4 40.2 40.4
40.7 40.3 40.9
40.6 40.0 40.5
40.6 39.9 40.5
42.6 42.6 43.1
39.9 39.8 40.2
41.6 41.6 41.5
41.5 41.4 41.4
41.5 41.3 41.1
41.7 42.1 42.0
41.7 41.6 41.3

44.2 43.6
42.0 42.1
44.1 43.7
42.5 42.5
41.2 40.3
41.1 41.2
41.8 40.5
42.0 40.4
43.3 43.0
40.0 39.9
41.8 41.4
41.4 41.4
41.5 41.1
42.5 41.8
41.5 41.5

43.5
42.0
42.8
41.9
40.5
41.2
40.2
40.2
42.2
39.4
41.2
41.3
41.0
41.2
41.3

Average hourly earnings
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3_________
Local and interurban passenger transit:
Local and suburban transportation__
Intercity and rural bus lines_______
Motor freight transportation and storage.
Public warehousing..___________
Pipeline transportation___________
Communication________________
Telephone communication________
Telegraph communication4_______
Radio and television broadcasting......
Electric, gas, and sanitary services____
Electric companies and systems____
Gas companies and systems_______
Combined utility systems________
Water, steam, and sanitary systems__
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.70
3.29
3.21
2. 34
3. 75
2.93
2. 79
3.02
3.86
3.37
3.40
3.15
3. 65
2. 72

$ 2.68

3.28
3.22
2.40
3.69
2. 92
2. 79
3.04
3.83
3. 33
3. 38
3.10
3.61
2. 70

$2.68 $2.69
3.33 3.30
3.17 3.18
2.38 2.41
3.61 3.65
2. 89 2.90
2. 76 2. 77
3.02 3.02
3. 76 3. 83
3.29 3. 31
3. 34 3.37
3.04 3.04
3.58 3.61
2. 67 2.69

$3.07 $3.08 $3.08 $3.05 $3.13 $3.09 $2.99
2.64 2.64 2.65 2.61 2.61 2.60 2. 59
3.21 3.18 3.17 3.13 3.14 3.18 3.11
3.18 3.17 3.15 3.14 3.13 3.10 3.11
2.41 2.40 2.37 2.35 2.36 2.32 2.33
3.66 3. 71 3.70 3.65 3.71 3.73 3.64
2.91 2.89 2.90 2.89 2.90 2.88 2.90
2.78 2.77 2.77 2.77 2.78 2.76 2.78
3.03 2.91 2.90 2.91 2.90 2.91 2.90
3.80 3.75 3.77 3.73 3.77 3.73 3.75
3.27 3.28 3.26 3.25 3.26 3.25 3.23
3.32 3.32 3.30 3.30 3.29 3.31 3.27
3.03 3.05 3.02 2.99 3.01 3.01 3.00
3.55 3.56 3.55 3.56 3.58 3.52 3.51
2.65 2.66 2.67 2.63 2.65 2.61 2.58

$3. 01 $3.00 $2.80
2.60 2.57 2.48
3.10 3.06 2.94
3.10 3.07 2.96
2.29 2.31 2.26
3.63 3.54 3.46
2.87 2.83 2.74
2.75 2.70 2.62
2.92 2.85 2.75
3.74 3. 70 3.57
3.24 3.17 3.04
3.26 3.22 3.09
3.00 2.94 2.83
3.55 3.44 3.29
2. 59 2.54 2.44

1439

0 .— EARNINGS A ND HOURS

T able

C -l.

Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
Annual
average

1965

1966
Industry
N ov.2 Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
$78. 60 $78.23 $77.86 $77. 70 $77.54 $77. 29 $77.17 $76.53 $74. 28
111.11 110. 43 109. 48 109. 08 108.53 109. 59 108.12 106.49 102.31

Wholesale and retail trade________________ $79.42 $79.86 $79.92 $80. 73 $80.94 $79.45
112. 59 Ì12.74 111. 93 111. 38 112.20 110.70
Wholesale trade---------------Motor vehicles and automotive equip105.41 106.26 103.42 105.58 104. 08
mp,nt,
______ __ __ ______
115. 37 115. 66 113.08 114.33 113. 36
■pmgs ehemicals, and allied products. _
110.78 108. 95 109.16 107.82 106. 96
Dry goods and apparel
__ _ __ _
103.48 103.89 103.66 105. 75 101. 34
Groeeries and related products_______
129.60 127. 97 123.65 123.48 125.24
Electrical g o o d s .___________________
Hardware,” plumbing, and heating
108.14 108.12 106.90 106.34 106.86
goods
________ ___ ____ _____
124. 94 122.18 123.49 123.37 121.66
Machinery equipment, and supplies _
111. 48 111. 35 110.83 111.10 110.83
- __
Miscellaneous w holesalers__
68. 48 68.87 69.09 70.11 70.48 69.14
_______
___ - __
Retail trade
61.15 61.38 62.24 62.93 61.49
General merchandise stores________. .
65.27 65.54 66.50 67.18 65. 52
Department stores
- ___ _ ___
70.04 71.25 71.66 71.55 71.96
Mail order houses ________________
46.21 46.66 48.00 47.23 46. 03
Limited price variety stores ______
71.60 72.76 74.84 75.05 73.49
Food stores
________ _____ ___
72.81 74.00 75.90 76.33 74. 74
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores..
58.79 59.01 59.84 60.52 58.92
Apparel and accessories stores____ _.
72.24 71.48 73.64 74.78 73. 44
Men’s and boys’ apparel stores ___
52.80 52.98 52.63 54.26 52.81
Women’s ready-to-wear stores____.
58.18 57.32 59.99 60.12 57.67
Fam ily clothing stores_____________
57.34 60.41 60.52 59.88 57.66
Shoe stores___.”. -----------------------------

103.83
114. 29
107. 54
100.85
127.15

103.42
113. 88
105. 75
99.54
126.85

103.07
112.00
105. 08
99.23
125. 85

101. 75
111.48
105.18
99. 06
126. 58

101. 50
112. 44
103.32
98. 09
124.84

102. 06
112. 06
105. 26
98.53
130.24

101.82
111.24
104.98
96.08
128. 63

100.14 96.79
109.08 105. 04
103.19 99.94
96. 76 94.16
122.84 111.79

106.34 106.49 105.67 106.37 105.41 105.67 104. 04 101.91 98. 01
120.83 120. 01 117.96 117. 55 116.88 117.99 116.88 115.23 111. 52
110.68 110.28 109.07 109. 34 109.89 111. 11 108.81 107. 20 104.38
67.64 67.47 67.12 67.30 67.49 67. 71 66. 77 66.61 64. 75
59.88 59.73 59.40 59.22 58.53 60.55 58.74 58. 81 56. 77
63.83 63. 69 62. 98 62.98 62. 08 63.30 61.88 62.98 61.18
70.64 68. 61 68.94 67.40 66.78 79.80 68. 61 71.00 70.12
44.54 44.97 44. 82 44.53 44.53 46.53 44. 64 44.10 41. 53
70.81 70.26 70.26 70.35 70.35 70.17 70.98 70.32 68. 51
71.81 71.26 71. 26 71.69 71.57 71.32 72.21 71.69 69. 55
58. 03 58.18 56. 90 57. 05 58.38 60.38 57.23 57.46 55. 26
70.90 69. 65 68.56 69. 40 71.20 70.79 69. 05 69. 84 67.53
52.49 52.33 51. 19 51.04 52. 49 54. 54 51.84 51.46 49. 73
57.38 57. 55 57.23 56.40 59. 04 60.70 56.72 56.45 54.27
56.36 59.67 55. 67 56.52 56. 65 59.40 56. 03 56. 64 55.21
Average weekly hours

Wholesale and retail trade________________
Wholesale trade_______________________
Motor vehicles and automotive equipm e n t ______ _________ ___ _____
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
D ry goods and apparel_______________
Groceries and related products_______
Electrical goods__
__________ . .
Hardware,” plumbing, and heating
goods . . . ______________ _____
Machinery, equipment, and supplies__
Miscellaneous’wholesalers____________
Retail trade___ _______ ____
_____
General merchandise stores . . . . . .
Department stores.. ___ __________
Mail order houses. . __
________
Limited price variety stores________
Food stores_________ ______________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores..
Apparel and accessories stores________
Men’s and boys’ apparel stores______
Women’s ready-to-wear stores______
Fam ily clothing stores_____________
Shoe stores___’. ___________________

36.6
40.5

3. 53

36.8
40.7

37.0
40.7

37.9
40.8

38.0
41.1

37.3
40.7

36.9
40.7

36.9
40.6

36.9
40.7

37.0
40.7

37.1
40.8

37.7
41.2

37.1
40.8

37.7
40.8

37.9
40. 6

41.5
40.2
38.2
40.9
43.2

42.0
40.3
37.7
40.9
42.8

41.7
40.1
38.3
41.3
42.2

42.4
40.4
38.1
42.3
42.0

41.8
40.2
38.2
40.7
42.6

41.7
40.1
38.0
40.5
43.1

41.7
40.1
37.5
40.3
43.0

41.9
40.0
37.8
40.5
43.1

41.7
40.1
37.7
40.6
43.2

41.6
40.3
37.3
40.7
42.9

42.0
40.6
38.0
41. 4
44.3

41.9
40. 6
37.9
40.2
43.9

41.9
40.4
37.8
41. 0
42.8

41. 9
40.4
38.0
41.3
41.1

40.5
41.1
40.1
35.5
32.7
32.8
34.5
30.6
33.3
33.4
32.3
34.4
32.0
32.5
30.5

40.8
41.0
40.2
35.8
33.0
33.1
35.1
30.7
34.0
34.1
32.6
34.7
32.5
32.2
31.3

40.8
41.3
40.3
36.9
34.2
34.1
35.3
32.0
35.3
35.3
34.0
36.1
33.1
33.7
34.0

40.9
41.4
40.4
36.9
34.2
34.1
34.9
31.7
35.4
35.5
34.0
36.3
33.7
33.4
32.9

41.1
41.1
40.3
36.2
33.6
33.6
35.1
31.1
34.5
34.6
33.1
36.0
32.8
32.4
31.0

40.9
41.1
40.1
35.6
32.9
32.9
34.8
30.3
33.4
33.4
32.6
35.1
32.4
32.6
30.3

40.8
41.1
40.1
35.7
33.0
33.0
33.8
30.8
33.3
33.3
32.5
35. C
32.5
32.7
30.6

40.8
41.1
40.1
35.7
33.0
32.8
34.3
30.7
33.3
33.3
32.7
34.8
32.4
32.7
31.1

40.6
41.1
40.2
35.8
32.9
32.8
33.7
30.5
33.5
33.5
32.6
34.7
32.1
32.6
31.4

40.7
41.3
40.4
35.9
32.7
32.5
33.9
30.5
33.5
33.6
32.8
34.9
32.4
32.8
31.3

40.8
41.4
40.7
36.6
35.9
34.4
42.0
33.0
33.9
33.8
34.5
36.3
34.3
34.1
33.0

40.8
41.3
40.3
35.9
33.0
32.4
36.3
31.0
33.8
33.9
32.7
34. 7
32.4
32.6
31.3

40.6
41.3
4u. 3
36.6
33. 8
33. 5
36. 6
31. 5
34.3
34.3
33.6
36. 0
33.2
33.4
32.0

40.5
41.0
40. 3
37. 0
34. 2
33.8
37.7
31. 7
34. 6
34.6
33.9
36. 7
33.6
33. 5
32.1

Average hourly earnings
Wholesale and retail trade________________
Wholesale trade_______________________
Motor vehicles and automotive equipm ent____ ___________________ ___
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
D ry goods and apparel... __________
Groceries and related products______
Electrical g oods...
___ ____________
Hardware,” plumbing, and heating
goods____________ . ____ _________
Maehlnery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous’wholesalers____ 1.'______
Retail trade__ ________ ________ ____
General merchandise stores____ ____
Department stores_________________
Mail order houses.. . . . ______ ____
Limited price variety stores______
Food stores___
.
______________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores
Apparel and accessories stores________
Men’s and boys’ apparel stores_____
Women’s ready-to-wear s to r e s _____
Fam ily clothing stores__ __________
Shoe stores_______________________

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2.17
2.78

1.94

$2.17
2.77

$2.16
2.75

$2.13
2.73

$2.13
2.73

$2.13
2.72

$2.13
2.73

$2.12
2.72

$2.11
2.69

$2.10
2.68

$2.09
2. 66

$2.05
2.66

$2.08
2.65

$2.03
2. 61

$1.96
2. 52

2.54
2.87
2.90
2.53
3.00

2.53
2.87
2.89
2.54
2.90

2.48
2.82
2.85
2. 51
2.95

2.40
2.83
2.83
2.50
2.94

2.49
2.82
2.80
2.49
2 .9 4

2.49
2.85
2.82
2.49
2. 95

2.48
2.84
2.82
2. 47
2.95

2.46
2.8C
2. 78
2.45
2.92

2.44
2.78
2.79
2.44
2.93

2.44
2.79
2. 77
2.41
2.91

2.43
2.76
2.77
2.38
2.94

2.43
2. 74
2.77
2.39
2.93

2.39
2. 70
2. 73
2.36
2. 87

2. 31
2.60
2. 63
2.28
2.72

2.67
3.04
2.78
1.94
1.87
1.99
2.0c
1.51
2.15
2.18
1.82
2.1C
1.65
1.79
1.88

2.65
2.98
2.77
1.9c
1.86
1.98
2.0c
1.52
2.14
2.17
1.81
2.06
1.63
1.78

2.62
2.99
2. 75
1.9C
1.82
1.95
2.0c
1.50
2.12
2.15
1.76
2.0!
1.59
1.78
1.78

2.6C
2.98
2.75
1.91
1.8 4
1.97
2.05
1.49

2.60
2.96
2.75
1.91
1.8c
1.95
2. 05
1.48
2.13
2.16
1.78
2. 0'
1.61
1.78
1.86

2.60
2.94
2. 76
1.90
1.82
1.94
2 .0c
1.47
2.12
2.15
1.78
2.02
1.62
1.76
1.86

2.6]
2.92
2. 75
1.89
1.8]
1.93
2.0c
1.46
2.11
2. li
1.7!
1.9!
1.61
1.76
1.95

2.59
2.87
2.72
1.88
1.8!
1.92
2.0]
1.46
2.1]
2.1i
1.7!
1.97
1.58
1.75
1.79

2. 62
2. 86
2. 72
1.88
1.80
1.92
2. 00
1.46
2.10
2.14
1.75
2.00
1.59
1.73
1.80

2. 59
2.83
2.72
1.88
1.79
1.91
1.97
1.46
2.10
2.13
1.78
2.04
1.62
1.80
1.81

2.59
2.85
2.73
1. 85
1.73
1.84
1.90
1.41
2. 07
2.11
1.75
1.95
1.59
1.78
1.80

2. 55
2.83
2. 70
1.86
1.78
1.91
1.89
1.44
2.10
2.13
1.75
1. 99
1.60
1.74
1.79

2. 51
2. 79
2.66
1.82
1. 74
1.88
1.94
1.40
2. 05
2.09
1. 71
1.94
1. 55
1.-69
1.77

2.42
2. 72
2.59
1. 75
1.66
1.81
1.86
1.31
1.98
2.01
1. 63
1. 84
1. 48
1. 62
1. 72

1.93

2 .1 2

2.15
1.78
2.06
1.61
1.86
1.82

1440

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

TableC -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

Annual
average

1965

Industry
Nov.2 Oct.2 Sept. Aug.

July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan.

Dec. Nov.

1965

1964

Average weekly earnings
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Retail trade—Continued
Furniture and appliance stores_____
Furniture and home furnishings - -.
Eating and drinking places 5_________
Other retail trade____ - ______________
Building materials and hardware___
Motor vehicle dealers______________
Other vehicle and accessory dealers..
Drug stores_____________ ________
Fuel and ice dealers_______________
Finance, insurance, and real estate6____
Banking________ _____ ___ ________
Credit agencies other than banks..........
Savings and loan associations.............
Security dealers and exchanges____. . . .
Insurance carriers___________________

$91. 96 $91.64 $91.37 $91.77 $89.89 $88.59 $87.81 $88.09 $87.47 $89.21 $92.75 $89.10 $88.18 $85.44
91. 01 90.46 91.20 90.12 89.89 88.65 87.47 87.30 86.63 88.03 91.98 88.13 86.98 83.82
47.91 48. 00 48.93 48.79 47.40 46.51 46.31 46.31 46.38 46.17 46.23 45.49 45.76 44.38
86.40 85.81 86.90 87. 53 86.46 84.99 85.01 84.00 83.81 84.03 84.46 84.03 83. 44 80.75
93.41 93. 21 93.28 93.51 92.64 90.91 90.49 88.81 88.38 89.02 90.10 89.25 88.41 85.46
109. 31 106. 50 108.97 110. 77 110.25 108.46 108.28 107.50 104.92 104.98 106.52 106.76 105.32 100.76
90.48 89. 20 91.54 92. 82 89.38 88.54 87.03 86. 76 86.76 87.16 86.24 85.93 85.89 85.41
63.05 63.46 64.60 65.15 63.50 61.70 61.72 61.20 61.58 61.41 63.55 62.11 61.60 59.57
102. 85 99. 25 97.29 98.33 97.11 98.18 98.41 99.54 102.38 103.97 100.62 99.06 96.05 93.09
$93.25

Life insurance___________________

Accident and health insurance........ .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.

92.88 92. 01 92.13 92.75 91.88 92.63 92.50 91.76 92.13 91.76 90.88 90.27 88.91 85.79
83.4C 82.14 82.21 82.43 81.18 82.21 82.21 81.84 81.47 82.28 80.35 80.35 79.24 76.67
87.09 85.27 85.96 86.41 84.75 86.56 86.18 85.28 86.26 87.10 85.28 84.67 84.29 80.89
87.93 86. 25 87.05 89.07 85.38 86.81 86. 54 85.56 86.16 87.70 84.67 84.22 84.67 82.72
133.19 133. 20 132.82 135.42 139.13 149.71 148.93 145.16 144. 02 139.13 138.28 135.72 127.43 120.99
100. 44 99. 70 99.32 99.80 99.06 98.69 98.85 98.85 99.22 98.21 97.61 96.87 95.86 92.01
100.19 99. 82 99. 82 99. 65 98.92 98.64 98.19 98.92 98.82 98.26 97. 52 96.15 95.63 91.73
88.45 90.27 89. 65 88.91 89.17 88. 56 88.43 88.32 88.67 86.14 86.35 85.98 85.38 81.70
102. 82 101. 52 101.41 101. 90 101.41 100.93 100.81 100.70 101.08 100.17 100.20 99.44 97.92 94.75

Average weekly hours
Wholesale and retail trade— Continued
Retail trade— Continued
Furniture and appliance stores_____
Furniture and home furnishings...
Eating and drinking places5_________
Other retail trade_________ ____ _____
Building materials and hardware___
Motor vehicle dealers______________
Other vehicle and accessory dealers..
Drug stores_______________________
Fuel and ice dealers___________ ____
Finance, insurance, and real estate6........ .
Banking___________________________
Credit agencies other than banks_____
Savings and loan associations.............
Security dealers and exchanges_______
Insurance carriers___________________
Life insurance___________ ________ _
Accident and health insurance_____
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.

37.3

39.3
39.4
33.5
40.0
41.7
42.7
43.5
33.9
42.5

39.5
39.5
33.8
40.1
41.8
42.6
43.3
34.3
41.7

39.9
40.0
35.2
40.8
42.4
42.9
43.8
35.3
41.4

39.9
39.7
35.1
40.9
42.7
43.1
44.2
35.6
42.2

39.6
39.6
34.1
40.4
42.3
42.9
43.6
34.7
41.5

39.2
39.4
33.7
39.9
41.7
42.7
43.4
33.9
41.6

39.2
39.4
33.8
40.1
41.7
42.8
43.3
34.1
41.7

39.5
39.5
33.8
40.0
41.5
43.0
43.6
34.0
42.0

39.4
39.2
34.1
40.1
41.3
43.0
43.6
34.4
43.2

39.3
39.3
34.2
40.4
41.6
43.2
43.8
34.5
43.5

40.5
40.7
34.5
40.8
42.3
43.3
44.0
35.7
43.0

39.6
39.7
34.2
40.4
41.9
43.4
43.4
34.7
42.7

39.9
39.9
35.2
40.9
42.1
43.7
43.6
35.4
42.5

40.3
40.3
35.5
41.2
42.1
44.0
43.8
36.1
42.9

37.3
37.4
37.7
37.1
37.1
37.2
36.7
36.7
37.8

37.1
37.0
37.4
36.7
37.0
37. 2
36.7
37.3
37.6

37.3
37.2
37.7
37.2
37.1
37.2
36.7
37.2
37.7

37.4
37.3
37.9
37.9
37.1
37.1
36.5
37.2
37.6

37.2
36.9
37.5
36.8
37.5
37.1
36.5
37.0
37.7

37.2
37.2
37.8
37.1
37.9
37.1
36.4
36.9
37.8

37.3
37.2
37.8
37.3
37.8
37.3
36.5
37.0
37.9

37.3
37.2
37.9
37.2
38.0
37.3
36.5
36.8
38.0

37.3
37.2
38.0
37.3
37.8
37.3
36.6
37.1
38.0

37.3
37.4
38.2
37.8
37.1
37.2
36.8
36.5
37.8

37.4
37.2
37.9
37.3
38.2
37.4
36.8
36.9
38.1

37.3
37.2
37.8
37.1
37.7
37.4
36.7
36.9
38.1

37.2
37.2
37.8
37.3
37.7
37.3
36.5
36.8
38.1

37.3
37.4
37.8
37.6
37.0
37.1
36.4
36.8
37.9

Average hourly earnings
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Retail trade—Continued
Furniture and appliance stores____
Furniture and home furnishings...
Eating and drinking places 5_______
Other retail trade____________
Building materials and hardware__
Motor vehicle dealers__________
Other vehicle and accessory dealers..
Drug stores...______________
Fuel and ice dealers___________
Finance, insurance, and real estate 6___
Banking____________________
Credit agencies other than banks____
Savings and loan associations_____
Security dealers and exchanges_____
Insurance carriers_______ ______
Life insurance_______________
Accident and health insurance____
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.
See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$2. 50

$2. 34
2.31
1.43
2.16
2.24
2.56
2.08
1.86
2. 42

$2.32
2. 29
1.42
2.14
2. 23
2.50
2.06
1. 85
2. 38

$2.29
2.28
1.39
2.13
2.20
2.54
2.09
1.83
2. 35

$2.30
2.27
1.39
2.14
2.19
2. 57
2.10
1.83
2.33

$2.27
2.27
1.39
2.14
2.19
2.57
2.05
1.83
2.34

$2.26
2.25
1.38
2.13
2.18
2.54
2.04
1.82
2.36

$2.24
2.22
1.37
2.12
2.17
2.53
2.01
1.81
2.36

$2.23
2.21
1.37
2.10
2.14
2.50
1.99
1.80
2.37

$2.22
2.21
1.36
2.09
2.14
2.44
1.99
1.79
2.37

$2.27
2.24
1.35
2.08
2.14
2.43
1.99
1.78
2.39

$2.29
2.26
1.34
2.07
2.13
2.46
1.96
1.78
2.34

$2.25
2.22
1.33
2.08
2.13
2.46
1.98
1.79
2.32

$2.21
2.18
1.30
2.04
2.10
2.41
1.97
1.74
2.26

$2.12
2.08
1.25
1.96
2.03
2.29
1.95
1.65
2.17

2. 49
2. 23
2.31
2. 37
3.59
2.70
2.73
2.41
2.72

2.48
2. 22
2. 28
2.35
3. 60
2. 68
2. 72
2. 42
2. 70

2.47
2. 21
2.28
2.34
3.58
2.67
2.72
2.41
2.69

2.48
2.21
2. 28
2.35
3.65
2.69
2.73
2.39
2. 71

2.47
2.20
2.26
2.32
3.71
2.67
2.71
2.41
2.69

2.49
2.21
2.29
2.34
3.95
2.66
2.71
2.40
2.67

2.48
2.21
2.28
2.32
3.94
2.65
2.69
2.39
2.66

2.46
2.20
2.25
2.30
3.82
2.65
2.71
2.40
2.65

2.47
2.19
2.27
2.31
3.81
2.66
2.70
2.39
2.66

2.46
2.20
2.28
2.32
3.75
2.64
2.67
2.36
2.65

2.43
2.16
2.25
2.27
3.62
2.61
2.65
2.34
2.63

2.42
2.16
2.24
2.27
3.60
2.59
2.62
2.33
2.61

2.39
2.13
2.23
2.27
3.38
2.57
2.62
2.32
2.57

2.30
2.05
2.14
2.20
3.27
2.48
2.52
2.22
2.50

1441

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able

C -l. Gross hours and earnings of production workers,1 by industry—Continued
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
A nnual
average

1965

1966
In d u str y
N o v .2

O c t .2

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

M ay

June

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s
S e r v ic e s a n d m is c e ll a n e o u s :
H o t e l s a n d l o d g i n g p la c e s :
H o t e l s , t o u r i s t c o u r t s , a n d m o t e l s 5...........
P e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s:
L a u n d r ie s , c l e a n i n g a n d d y e i n g p l a n t s - M o tio n p ic tu r e s :
M o tio n p ic tu r e f ilm in g a n d d is t r ib u t in g .

—

$49. 54

$ 5 5 .0 6

$ 5 3 .7 3

$ 5 3 .5 8

$53, 72

$ 5 2 .6 8

$ 5 2 .9 7

$ 5 2 .3 6

$ 5 2 .1 3

$52. 59

$ 5 2 .3 6

$ 5 2 .7 3

$ 5 1 .9 9

$ 5 1 .1 7

6 2 .6 5

6 1 .8 8

6 0 .7 4

6 1 .7 6

6 2 .1 5

6 1 .4 4

6 0 .0 4

5 9 .8 2

5 8 .9 0

5 9 .4 4

5 9 .6 8

5 8 .8 3

5 8 .9 8

5 5 .7 3

166. 57

1 5 9 .2 9

162. 51

1 6 5 .6 8

1 6 0 .1 9

1 4 8 .7 1

1 4 7 .6 6

146. 07

1 4 8 .8 0

1 5 3 .9 7

1 5 6 .7 5

152. 09

148. 08

1 3 6 .1 7

3 7 .5

3 7 .3

3 7 .4

3 7 .4

3 7 .4

3 7 .9

3 8 .4

3 8 .1

3 8 .0

3 8 .1

3 8 .5

3 8 .2

3 8 .8

3 8 .7

4 0 .0

4 0 .2

4 0 .4

3 9 .3

3 9 .7

3 9 .7

$ 1 .2 9

A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs
S e r v ic e s a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s :
H o t e ls a n d lo d g in g p la c e s :

| | n f t r r n r i s t courts, and motels 5 ..

3 7 .2

3 6 .8

3 8 .0

3 8 .1

3 7 .1

3 7 .3

3 7 .4

P e r s o n a l se r v ic e s:
3 8 .2
M o tio n p ic tu r e s :
M o tio n p ic tu r e f ilm in g a n d d is tr ib u t in g .

4 2 .6

3 8 .2
4 1 .7

3 8 .2
4 2 .1

3 8 .6
4 2 .7

3 8 .6
4 1 .5

3 8 .4
4 0 .3

3 8 .0
3 9 .8

3 9 .8

A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s
S e r v ic e s a n d m is c e ll a n e o u s :
H o t e l s a n d l o d g i n g p la c e s :
H o t e l s t nurist courts and m o t e l s 5_____
P e r s o n a l se r v ic e s:

$ 1 .4 8

$ 1 .4 6

$ 1 .4 1

$ 1 .4 1

$ 1 .4 2

$ 1 .4 2

$ 1 .4 0

$ 1 .3 8

$ 1 .4 1

$1. 4C

$ 1 .4 1

$ 1 .3 9

$ 1 .3 5

1 .6 4

1 .6 2

1 .5 9

1 .6 0

1 .6 1

1 .6 0

1 .5 8

1 .5 7

1 .5 5

1 .5 6

1.55

1 .5 4

1 .5 2

1 .4 4

M o tio n p ic tu r e s:
M o t io n p ic tu r e f ilm in g a n d d is tr ib u t in g .

3 .9 1

3 .8 2

3 .8 6

3. 88

3 .8 6

3 .6 8

3. 71

3 .6 7

3. 72

3 .8 3

3 .8 8

3 .8 7

3 .7 3

3. 43

1 F o r c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f d a t a w i t h t h o s e p u b l i s h e d i n i s s u e s p r io r t o O c t o b e r
1966, s e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e A - 9 . F o r e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d , s e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e
A -1 0 .
P r e lim in a r y .
3 B a s e d u p o n m o n t h ly d a ta su m m a r iz e d in th e M -3 0 0 r e p o r t b y t h e I n te r ­
s t a t e C o m m e r c e C o m m i s s i o n , w h i c h r e la t e t o a l l e m p l o y e e s w h o r e c e i v e d
p a y d u r i n g t h e m o n t h , e x c e p t e x e c u t i v e s , o f fic ia ls , a n d s t a f f a s s i s t a n t s ( I C G
G r o u p I ) . B e g i n n i n g J a n u a r y 1965, d a t a r e la t e t o r a il r o a d s w i t h o p e r a t i n g
r e v e n u e s o f $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e .

2


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

4 D a t a r e la t e t o n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s e x c e p t m e s s e n g e r s .
5 M o n e y p a y m e n ts o n ly , t ip s n o t in c lu d e d .
6 D a t a fo r n o n o f f ic e s a le s m e n e x c l u d e d f r o m a l l s e r ie s i n t h i s d i v i s i o n .

Source: U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s fo r a l l
s e r ie s e x c e p t t h a t fo r C la s s I r a ilr o a d s . (S e e f o o t n o t e 3 .)

1442
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

C-2. Average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, of production workers in selected industries 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

1965

I n d u s t r y d iv is io n a n d g r o u p
N o v .2

O ct-2

S ep t.

A ug.

M i n i n g _____ _____________________________________________

4 2 .4

4 2 .8

4 2 .9

4 2 .4

4 3 .2

4 2 .9

4 2 .6

4 1 .7

4 3 .2

4 2 .7

4 2 .6

4 2 .9

4 2 .1

C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n _____ _______________________________

3 7 .1

3 7 .3

3 7 .7

3 6 .9

3 7 .8

3 7 .4

3 6 .1

3 7 .2

3 8 .5

3 8 .1

3 7 .8

3 8 .6

3 7 .2

M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

4 1 .3

4 1 .3

4 1 .5

4 1 .4

4 1 .0

4 1 .3

4 1 .5

4 1 .5

4 1 .5

4 1 .5

4 1 .4

4 1 .3

4 1 .4

D u r a b l e g o o d s ________________ _________________
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s ___________________________
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t f u r n it u r e ...
F u r n i t u r e a n d f ix t u r e s __________________________________
S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s _________________________
P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ____ _____ ________ ______
F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ______________________________
M a c h i n e r y ______ ___________________________________
E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s ______ _________
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t _________________
______
I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s _______________________
M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s _________________

4 2 .1
4 2 .1
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .7
4 2 .2
4 2 .1
4 3 .9
4 1 .1
4 2 .4
4 1 .7
3 9 .8

4 2 .2
4 2 .2
4 0 .4
4 1 .1
4 1 .8
4 2 .8
4 2 .3
4 3 .9
4 1 .1
4 2 .3
42. 0
4 0 .0

4 2 .3
4 2 .5
4 0 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
4 2 .7
4 4 .3
4 1 .3
4 2 .9
4 2 .2
3 9 .9

4 2 .1
4 2 .1
4 0 .3
4 1 .6
4 1 .8
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
4 3 .8
4 1 .2
4 3 .2
4 1 .7
4 0 .0

4 1 .8
4 2 .7
4 0 .6
4 1 .0
4 1 .5
4 1 .6
4 2 .1
4 3 .3
4 0 .9
4 2 .1
4 1 .7
3 9 .7

4 2 .0
4 2 .1
4 0 .5
4 1 .8
4 1 .9
4 2 .0
4 2 .3
4 3 .8
4 1 .2
4 2 .3
4 2 .0
4 0 .1

4 2 .2
4 2 .4
4 1 .4
4 2 .0
4 1 .8
4 2 .2
4 2 .4
4 3 .8
4 1 .3
4 2 .2
4 2 .4
4 0 .3

4 2 .3
4 2 .2
4 1 .3
4 1 .6
4 2 .1
4 1 .8
4 2 .4
4 3 .7
4 1 .4
4 3 .4
4 2 .0
4 0 .0

4 2 .3
4 2 .0
4 1 .1
4 1 .9
4 2 .8
4 1 .9
4 2 .4
4 4 .0
4 1 .3
4 2 .9
4 2 .4
4 0 .3

4 2 .4
4 2 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .7
4 2 .4
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
4 3 .9
4 1 .5
4 3 .3
4 2 .3
4 0 .2

4 2 .4
4 2 .4
4 1 .4
4 1 .7
4 2 .5
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
4 3 .8
41. 5
4 3 .4
4 2 .2
4 0 .0

4 2 .2
4 2 .4
4 1 .5
4 1 .7
43. 0
4 1 .3
4 2 .3
4 3 .8
4 1 .4
43 . 0
4 1 .7
4 0 .2

4 2 .2
42. 4
4 1 .2
4 1 .7
4 2 .2
4 1 .2
4 2 .3
4 3 .7
4 1 .2
4 2 .9
4 1 .7
4 0 .2

N o n d u r a b l e g o o d s ___________________________________________
F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s _____ __________________ _
T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ______________ _______
T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s _______________________________
______
A p p a r e l a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s ______________
P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ____________________________
P r i n t i n g , p u b l i s h i n g , a n d a l li e d i n d u s t r i e s ___________
C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s _____________________
P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g a n d r e la t e d i n d u s t r i e s __________
R u b b e r a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c p r o d u c t s ________
L e a t h e r a n d l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s _________ _________ __

40. 1
41. 0
3 7 .8
4 1 .0
3 6 .3
4 3 .4
3 9 .0
4 2 .2
4 2 .2
4 1 .8
3 8 .5

4 0 .1
4 0 .9
3 7 .6
4 1 .3
3 6 .7
4 3 .1
3 9 .0
4 2 .1
4 2 .3
4 2 .1
3 8 .8

4 0 .2
4 1 .2
3 8 .7
4 2 .1
3 5 .6
4 3 .4
3 8 .9
4 2 .0
4 1 .8
42. 0
3 8 .3

4 0 .2
4 1 .1
3 7 .8
4 2 .0
3 6 .3
4 3 .3
3 8 .9
4 2 .0
4 1 .9
4 1 .8
3 8 .6

4 0 .1
4 1 .3
3 7 .9
4 1 .7
3 6 .2
4 3 .4
3 9 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .4
4 1 .5
3 8 .3

4 0 .3
4 1 .0
3 8 .0
4 2 .2
3 6 .5
4 3 .4
3 9 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .5
4 1 .7
3 8 .7

4 0 .3
4 0 .9
3 8 .5
4 2 .2
3 6 .5
4 3 .7
3 8 .7
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
4 2 .1
3 9 .0

4 0 .3
4 1 .1
3 9 .2
4 1 .9
3 6 .4
4 3 .7
3 8 .9
4 2 .3
4 2 .6
4 2 .4
3 9 .0

4 0 .4
4 1 .1
3 9 .4
4 2 .4
3 6 .5
4 3 .5
3 8 .7
4 2 .0
4 2 .6
4 2 .2
3 8 .5

4 0 .5
4 1 .5
4 1 .3
4 2 .3
3 6 .5
4 3 .5
3 8 .7
4 2 .1
4 2 .6
4 2 .3
3 8 .7

4 0 .2
4 1 .1
3 8 .9
4 2 .2
3 6 .3
4 3 .3
3 8 .5
42. 0
4 2 .3
4 2 .3
3 8 .5

4 0 .2
4 1 .1
3 7 .8
4 2 .0
3 6 .4
4 3 .5
3 8 .7
42. 0
42. 0
4 2 .3
3 8 .4

4 0 .3
4 1 .1
3 7 .9
4 1 .9
3 6 .5
4 3 .7
3 8 .6
42. 0
42. 4
4 2 .4
3 8 .6

3 6 .9
4 0 .5
3 5 .7

3 6 .9
4 0 .7
3 5 .7

3 7 .0
4 0 .7
3 5 .8

3 7 .3
4 0 .8
3 6 .1

3 7 .3
4 0 .9
3 6 .1

3 7 .2
4 0 .6
3 6 .0

3 7 .0
4 0 .7
3 5 .9

3 7 .1
4 0 .7
3 5 .9

3 7 .1
4 0 .8
3 6 .0

3 7 .3
4 0 .9
3 6 .1

3 7 .4
4 1 .0
3 6 .2

3 7 .4
4 0 .9
3 6 .3

37. 4
4 0 .8
3 6 .3

W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e _____ __ ______________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __________ _________
R e t a i l t r a d e . ____ _______ _____

F°r e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d , s e e f o o t n o t e 1 , t a b l e A - 1 0 .
P r e iim in a r y .

N ote: T h e s e a s o n a l a d j u s t m e n t m e t h o d u s e d i s d e s c r i b e d i n T h e B L S Seaso n a l F actor M e th o d (1966) w h i c h m a y b e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e B u r e a u o n r e ­
q u est.

'T a b l e C -3 .

Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers in manufacturing, by
major industry group 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
1966

A nnual
average

1965

M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p

M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___

_______

N o v .2

O c t .2

S e p t.

A ug.

J u ly

June

M ay

A p r.

M ar.

F eb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

$2. 56

$ 2 .5 6

$ 2 .5 6

$ 2 .5 4

$ 2 .5 3

$ 2 .5 0

$2. 44

Z . 1z

2. 72

2 .6 9

2. 67

3 .0 4

flK
oQ . UO

2 .7 0

$ 2 .6 3

$ 2 .6 2

$ 2 .6 1

$ 2 .5 7

$2. 59

$ 2 .5 8

$2. 58

$ 2 .5 8

D u r a b l e g o o d s - . ______
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s _____
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts, e x c ep t
f u r n i t u r e - - ______
__ _
F u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s . _ ____
S to n e , c la y , a n d g la ss p r o d u c ts
P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s _____
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c t s ...
M a c h in e r y ... . .
...
E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s u D D lie s
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t .
I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s . . .
t r i e s _____

2 .8 0

2 .7 9
3 .0 8

2 .7 8
3 .0 7

2. 73
3 .0 6

2 .7 4
3 .0 4

2 .7 4
3 .0 4

2 .7 4
3 .0 5

2 .7 4
3. 04

3. 05

2. 21
2 .1 3
2. 62
3 .1 6
2 .7 6
2 .9 4
2. 55
3. 21
2. 6 0

2 .2 2
2 .1 2
2 .6 1
3 .1 5
2 .7 5
2 .9 2
2 .5 4
3 .2 1
2 .6 0

2 .1 9
2 .1 1
2 .5 9
3 .1 3
2 .7 1
2 .8 9
2. 52
3 .1 3
2 .5 8

2 .1 8
2 .1 0
2 .5 7
3 .1 5
2. 71
2 .8 9
2 .5 2
3 .1 3
2 .5 8

2 .1 7
2 .1 0
2 .5 7
3 .1 4
2. 70
2 .8 9
2. 52
3 .1 3
2. 59

2 .1 0
2. 57
3 .1 3
2 .7 1

2. 09
2 .5 7
3 .1 3
2. 71

2?07
2 .5 5
3 .1 1
2 .7 0

2 .1 4

2 .1 4

2 .1 2

2 .1 4

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s .. _ _
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts
T o b a cco m a n u fa ctu res. .
T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ___ . .
A p p a r e l a n d r e la t e d p r o d u c t s . . .
...
P a p e r a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s _____
P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llie d in d u s ­
t r i e s ________________
C h e m i c a l s a n d a l li e d p r o d u c t s
P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g a n d r e la t e d i n d u s ­
t r i e s ______________
R ubber
and
m is c e lla n e o u s
p la s tic
p r o d u c t s ___________
L e a th e r a n d le a th e r p r o d u c ts

2 .3 9

2 .3 7
2 .4 0
2 .0 5
1 .9 0
1 .8 8
2 .6 2

2 .3 6
2 .3 9
2 .0 4
1 .8 9
1 .8 6
2 .6 1

2 .3 4
2 .3 7
2 .1 2
1 .8 8
1 .8 5
2 .6 0

2 .3 5
2 .3 9
2 .2 7
1 .8 8
1 .8 4
2 .6 0

2. 91

2 .9 0

3. 30

3 .2 9

2. 88

V /

\m )

2. 89

2 .8 7

2 .3 4
2. 42
1 .8 3
1 .8 3
2 .5 7
w
2 .8 4

Z. oZ

l ! 91

1 .9 1

1 .8 8

u \ c F 0T c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f d a t a w i t h t h o s e p u b l i s h e d i n i s s u e s p r io r t o O c t o b
1966, s e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e A - 9 . F o r e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d , s e e f o o t n o t e 1, ta b
A - U . A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s e x c l u d i n g o v e r t i m e a r e d e r i v e d b y a s s u m i i
t h a t o v e r t i m e h o u r s a r e p a i d f o r a t t h e r a t e o f t i m e a n d o n e - h a lf .


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2 .4 1
2 .2 6
1 .8 8
1 .8 3
2. 58

2 .5 2
3 .1 2
2 .5 7

1 .8 6

1 .8 8

1 .8 8

2. 52
3 .1 1
2 .5 8

2 .3 3
2 .4 3

1 .8 3
2 .5 7
tz \
v )

2. 51
3 .1 1
2 .5 7

2 .3 2

Z. 1U
9z. uo
HA

Z . Uo
O
AA
z. UO

2. 55
3 .0 9
2 .6 9

O
KA
Z . O'*
9 A
O
o.
uy
O AQ

Z . oO

Z.

2. 51

oO
2. 51

9

A
o9 . 11 U

Z.

Uo

z. uo
2. 54
2 .6 7
2 . 8o
2. 51

Z. 1U
O
AA
z. uo
9
Q UO
AA
O.
O
A
Z. A
OO

2 .6 0

z. yo
Z.
Z.

Uo
Uo

3 .0 4
2 .6 3
2 .8 1
2. 49
9 U
A/4*
O.
2. 52

Z.

Uo

1. w
Z . ‘t Z

z. yy
2. 57
2. 75
2 .4 4
2 .9 6
2. 47

2 .5 6

2 .5 6

2. 55

o4
2. 50
9
AO
o. uy
2 .5 3

2 .1 3

2 .1 3

2. 08

2. 06

2. 07

2. 02

2 .3 1

2 .3 1
O
Z . 9Q
oo
2 .1 3
1 . 82

2 .3 1
Z . oil
2 .0 9

2 .2 9
2. 3 3
2. 08
1 . 81

2 .2 7

2 .2 1

Z . OO

Z. Z l

1
QO
1. O
Z

2. 55

1 .8 3
2. 53

( 3)
2 .8 3

2 .8 3

11

Z. oo

2 .1 8

2 .1 7

1 .8 4

1. oZ
1
1 . Q il

v )

9
O . A/4
U4

/3\

uu
2 .8 3

1. o i

(? )

Z.

1 . oQO
1
Z
Z. oZ
/a\
(v

2 .8 3

2. 06
1. /o
1. oU
Z. oU

1 .9 1
i. /1
1 . 7/ O
A
1

/a \
KV

z. / y

3 .3 0

3 .2 8

3 .2 9

3 .2 8

3 .2 7

3 .2 8

3 .1 8

3 .1 0

2. o 2
1 .8 9

2 .5 1
1 .8 7

2. 51

2. 51

2. 51

2. 50

1 QA

1 . oQA
1
O

2. 49
1 .8 4

2 .4 4
1 .7 8

11 . o
QO
A

2 P r e lim in a r y .
3 N o t a v a ila b le b e c a u s e a v e r a g e o v e r tim e r a te s a r e s ig n if ic a n t ly a b o v e
t i m e a n d o n e - h a lf . I n c l u s i o n o f d a t a fo r t h e g r o u p i n t h e n o n d u r a b l e g o o d s
to ta l h a s lit t le e ffe c t.

1443

0 .— EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -4 .

Average weekly overtime hours of production workers in m anufacturing, by industry 1
Revised series; see box, p. 1423.
A nnual
average

1965

1966
Ind u stry
Oct.2

Sept.

A ug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

D ec.

N ov.

1965

1964

4.1
4.5
3.6

4.2
4.6
3.7

4.0
4.3
3.5

3.8
4.1
3.5

4.0
4.4
3.5

4.0
4.4
3 .4

3 .9
4.3
3.3

3 .9
4.2
3 .3

3 .8
4 .2
3.3

3.7
4.1
3.1

4 .0
4.4
3.4

3.9
4.3
3.4

3.6
3.9
3 .2

3.1
3.3
2.9

Ordnance and accessories___ . __________
A m m un ition, except for sm all arms-----Sighting and fire control eq u ip m en t___
Other ordnance and accessories___ ._ .
L um ber and w ood products, except
fu rn itu re.--...... ..................... ...................
Saw m ills and planing m ills. _ _ ____ .
M illw ork , p lyw ood, and related prodUCtS.. - - - ____ - - - - - - - - - W ooden containers - - ___ _________
M iscellaneous wood p rod ucts_________
Furniture and fixtures _______________
H ousehold furniture___ - . ______ -_Office fu rn itu re___
___ . . .
Partitions; office and store fixtures__ _
Other furniture and fixtures__________

4.3
3. 6
2.2
6.3

4 2
3. 5
3. 4
6. 0

4 1
3. 5
3.0
5. 6

3.7
3.0
3.4
5.4

3 .9
3.1
4.1
5.6

3.7
3.1
3.6
5.0

3 .6
3 .0
3.5
5.2

3 .4
2.9
3.4
4.5

3 .5
3 .2
3 .7
4.4

3.9
3.8
3.4
4.0

4 .0
3.8
4.0
4.4

3.7
3 .8
2.6
3 .9

3.0
3.1
1.6
2.9

1.8
1.8
1.3
2 .0

3.9
3. 9

4. 0
3. 9

4.1
4.1

4.1
4.1

4.2
4.3

4.4
4.5

4.3
4.4

4 .0
4 .0

3.7
3.8

3 .8
3.8

3.9
3.8

3.9
3.7

3.8
3.7

3.4
3.4

3. 7
3. 5
4. 0

3. 8
4. 0
4.2

3. 9
4.6
4.1

3. 9
4.5
4.0

4. 2
4.4
3.9

4. 4
4.2
3.9

4. 1
3.4
3.8

4.2
3.9
5. 2
5.4
5.0

3.3
2 .9
4.7
4.1
4.6

3 .4
3 .3
4.5
3.6
3 .4

3.7
3.6
4.3
4 .0
3.4

4. 2
4.2
3 .7
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.2

4. 7
4.9
4.3
2.8
3.7
2.7

4.8
4.0
4.1
3.0
3.7
2. 7

4.7
4.2
4.1
3.3
3.9
2.0

4.8
4.1
4.5
2.8
3 .9
2.2

4.6
4.8
4 .0
2.7
3.8
2.5

4.5
4.4
4.4
2.7
3.6
2.3

4.0
4.3
4.3
2.3
3.1
2.4

4 .0
4.3
4 .0
2.5
3.3
2.3

4.3
3.4
4.2
1.9
3.5
2.4

4. 3
3.8
3 .8
4.1
4.1
3.7
4.5
3.8
4.6
5.6
4.4
2.2
3.7
2.6

3.6
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7

Stone, clay, and glass products__________
F lat g la s s ... _____ . . .
.
.
Glass and glassware, pressed or b lo w n ..
C em ent, h ydraulic___ . . . _______ _
Structural clay p rod ucts__ ___________
P o tter y and related products_________
Concrete, gyp su m , and plaster prodUCtS_____ - .............-- - .
Other stone and m ineral products_____
P rim ary m etal in d u stries. _________
B last furnace and basic steel p ro d u cts..
Iron and steel fou n d ries.. .
... . . __
N onferrous sm elting and refining____ .
N on ferrous rolling,“ d raw ing, and extru d in g ______ . . .
_ ____ _
N onferrous fou n d ries... . . .
M iscellaneous p rim ary m etal Industries____ ___ _____ ______________ . .
Fabricated m etal products___________ .
M eta l cans _
C utlery, handtools, and general hardw a r e .. ________ ____________________
H eatin g eq u ip m en t and p lu m b in g fixtu res___ ._ .
. . . . ..
Fabricated structural m etal products . .
Screw m ach in e products, bolts, etc___
M eta l stam ping’s_______ _ _ ____
C oating, engraving, and allied services.
M iscellaneous fabricated w ire p roducts.
M iscellaneous fabricated m etal produ cts______
________ ______
M achinery_______ _________
E n gin es and tu rb in es___ _______
Farm m achinery and eq u ip m en t
C onstruction arid related riia c h in e r y ...
M etalw orkin g m ach in ery and equipm en t_____ _______________
Special in d u stry m ach in ery. __
General in d u strial m achinery
Office, com p u tin g, and accounting m ach in es............... . _____ ______
Service in d u strv m ach in es___
M iscellaneous m ach in ery ______

4 .0
3.7
4.7
4.9
4.5
4.9
3.6
4.6
2.7
4.0
2.6

3. 9
3.6
3.6
3 .4
3.3
4 .0
3.5
3.1

3. 6
2.8
3.4

4.3
4. 0
4. 9
5. 5
5. i
4. 7
3.8
4.1
3 .0
3. 7
3.0

3. 9
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
4.5
3.6
3.2

4. 0
3.5
3.6

4.3
4.2
5. 2
4.8
4.1

4. 7
4.7
3.9
3.8
3.6
4.6
4.3
4.1

4.2
4.1
4.0
2.2
3.6
2.2

3 .2
3.4
2.5
2.4
3.1
3 .9
3.7
3.6
2.1
3.3
2.0

7.2
4.0
3.9
3.1
4.5
3.8

6.8
4.3
4.1
2.8
5.6
3.9

6.3
4.0
4.0
2.4
5.6
3.6

5.0
4 .0

5.3
3.4

4.2
2.9
5.4
4 .0

7.0
4.3
4 .0
2.8
5.1
3.8

3.9
2.3
5.6
3.5

3.6
1.8
5.1
3.2

6 .0
3.8
3 .5
1.5
5.5
3.5

6.3
3.9
3.4
1.4
5.6
3.6

3.8
2.8
5.5
3.5

5.9
3.3
3.2
2.4
4.7
3.1

6.2
4.5

5.9
4.6

5.9
4.5

5.9
4.5

6 .0
4.7

5.9
4 .7

5.4
4.2

5.0
3.9

3.9
3.2

6 .0
4 .4
3.5

5.2
4.0
4.5

4.0
3.4
3.8

N o v .2
M anufacturing------------- -------------------------D urable goods---------- ----------- ----------N ond u rab le goods____ - . - _________

3.9
4.3
3.4

Durable goods

___

See footnotes at end of table.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

6.2
3.5

4.5
3.3
5.3
4.3

7. 3
4.2
4.1
3.0
5.1
4. 2

6.1
4.9

6.3
5.2

6. 0
4.4

5.5
3 .7

6.5
4.7

6.3

6.5
5. 0
5.1

5.4

4.8
4.3
6.9

5.7

6.0

4.7
5.6

4.6
4.6

4.6
4.8

5.4
4.3
4.4

6.1
4.3
3.8

6.3
4.2
4 0

6.1
4.1
3.4

6.1
4.4
2.9

3. 7

3.8

3. 5

3.1

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3. 4

3.8

4 .0

3.4

3.1

3.3
4.4
7.1
5.7
5.3
4.5

3.2
4.7
7.3
6.0
5.7
4.5

3.0
4.4
6.5
5.4
5.1
4.4

2.3
4.1
5.9
5.1
4.4
4.4

3.1
4.3
7.0
5.1
5.0
4.5

3 .0
4.1
6.9
5.3
5.1
4.6

2.6
3.6
6.7
5.3
4.8
4.0

2.4
3.5
6.8
5. 3
4.8
4.1

2.5
3.4
7. 0
5. 2
4.7
4.4

2.1
3.4
6 7
5 3
4.3
4.0

2.7
4.1
6.7
5.6
4.8
4.1

2.8
4.0
6.1
5.8
4.7
4.4

2.3
3.6
5.4
5.2
4.3
3.8

2.2
3.0
4.3
4.5
3.8
3.1

4.2

4.4

5.6
4. 8
3.6
5.1

5.7
5. 8
4.0
4.9

4.3
5.4
6.0
3.4
4.9

3.8
5.2
5.8
3.2
5.2

4.9
5.8
5. 7
3 .7
5. 3

4. 6
5.8
6. 0
4 2
5. 3

4.0
5. 6
5.8
4.4
5.1

4.3
5.7
5.4
4.3
5.1

4.1
5.6
4.4
4. 0
5. 0

3 7
5 3
3.9
3.7
4.5

3 .8
5.5
4.9
3 .7
4.7

3.8
5 .0
4 .0
2.8
4.4

3.4
4.6
4.1
2.9
4.2

2.7
3.9
3.1
2.6
3.5

7.6
5.7
6.0

7.6
6.1
6. 0

7.1
5.4
5.6

7.4
4. 7
5.0

8. 2
5 8
5.8

8. 3
5. 5
5.7

8 0
5 3
5.1

8. 2
5.6
5.1

8. 0
5 6
5.2

7 6
5 4
5.1

7.7
5.9
5.4

7.1
5.3
5. 0

6.7
4.8
4.4

5.9
4.1
3.5

4. 1
3.3
6.5
3.5
3.8
4.1
3.7
3.3
3.8
3.5
2.8

3.9
3.3
6.6
3.6
4.4
4.7
4.1
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.9

3.5
3.7
6.3
3.2
3.7
4.3
3.8
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.7

3.2
3.4
5.9
3.2
3.9
4.3
3.6
2 .8
2 .7
2 .7
2 .9

4 0
3 7
fi 3

4 0
3 3
6 3

4 2
3.5
6 4

3 4
3 9
4Ü
3 8
3.1
1.9
3 4
3.4

3 3
3 7
4[a
2 9
2.8
2.3
3 3
3.3

3 3
6 2
3 4
3 4
4 3
3 5
2.9
2.3
3 4
3.4

4 9
3 n
6 1
3 2
3 3
4 1
3 3
2.8
2.3

5. 0
3.2
6.1

3 4
4 1
4 5
3.6
3.1
2. 5
3 9
3.3

3. 7
3 3
6 3
3 3
3 5
4 5
3 6
2.8
2.4
3 n
3.3

4 4
3.1
3 0

4.3
3 .0
5.8
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.4
3. 0

3.4
2.9
5.4
2.8
2.9
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.7
2.4

2.3
2.3
4.7
2.3
2.6
3. 0
2.2
2.1
1.7
2.2
2.1

3.8

3.5

3.1

2 5

3 o

? 9

? 9

3 5

5.2
5. 8
5.1
4. 2
3.1
2.8
4.0
4.7

4.9
5.2
5.1
3.7
3. 0
3.4
4. 0
4.5

4. 8
5. 0
5 2
3.9
3. 5
3.1
3. 5
3.9

4. 5
4. 4
5.0
4.1
3.9
2.6
3.4
4.0

5.1
5 8
4. 6
4. 2
3 7
2 9
3. 5
3.7

4.7
4 7
5 1
4. 4
3 0
2 8

3 8
4.5

4 4
4.1
5 2
4 0
3 6
3. 3
3 8
4.5

3.6
4.0

3.2
4.8
6.2
3.3
3.4
2.6
2.9
3. 0
3.4

2.6
3.9
5.0
2.5
3.1
2.8
3.2
2.4
2.3

4.3
3.2
2.8

4.4
3.5
2.9

3 8
3.1
2.5

3 9
3.0
2.8

4 1
3.3
2.8

4 3
3 .2
2.8

4 n

3 8

2. 2

3. 3

2.1

2.9

2. 8
5.0
2.9

2.9
5.1
2.8

2.7
4.1
2.6

2.6
3.9
2.3

2 8
4.6
2.4

2 9
4.8
2.4

2 6
4.9
2.5

2 7
4.7
2.8

2 4

4.7
3. 6

Electrical eq u ip m en t and supplies
E lectric d istrib u tion eq u ip m en t
E lectrical ind u strial apparatus
H ousehold appliances!.’ _________
E lectric lig h tin g and w iring eq u ip m en t ______
R adio and T V receiving s e t s .. _____
C om m un ication equ ip m en t
E lectronic com ponents and accessories
M iscellaneous electrical equ ip m en t
and su p p lies. . . .
Transportation eq u ip m en t________ _ . .
M otor vehicles and eq u ip m en t_____ _
Aircraft and parts_______ _______ . . .
Ship and boat b uild in g and re p a irin g ..
R ailroad eq u ip m en t____ . . . . ’___ _
Other transportation eq u ip m en t______
Instru m en ts and related products_______
E ngineering and scientific in stru m en ts.
M echanical m easuring and control dev ices_______________ .
O ptical and op hth alm ic goods________
O phthalm ic goods_____ ________
Surgical, m edical, and dental equipm en t_______________
Photographic eq u ip m en t and su p p lies.
W atches and clocks___ _______
______

7.1
4.4

6.6
4.3
4.1
2.6
5.2
4.4

7. 0
4.2

4. 4
4.2
5 1
4.2
3 1
3. 2

2.9

3. 0

4.8
5 3
5 0
3. 8
2 9
2 0

3 2
5.1
5 5
5 6
3 8
3 1
2 0

5
6
4
3
3
2

3 7
4.2

3 5
3.9

3 6
4.5

4 0
6.0
7.4
4.9
3.8
2.5
2.9
3.6
4.0

4 0

4 1

3 2
2 7

2 9
2.6

3 4
2. 9
2.5

3 4
2.8
2.6

2.9
2.7
2.4

2.5
2.4
2.1

2 5
4.3
2.5

3 0
4.6
3.2

2.7
4.8
3.1

2.1
4.0
2.4

2.0
3.3
1.6

5.0
2.6

7
9
9
6
1
5

1444

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEMBER 1966
T able

C-4.

Average weekly overtime hours of production workers in m anufacturing, by
industry 1—Continued

________________

Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

1966

Industry
Nov .2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

Annual
average

1965
May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1965 1964

Manufacturing—Continued

Durable goods—Continued
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a re...
Toys, amusement and sporting goods. .
Pens, pencils, office and art materials. .
Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.
Other manufacturing industries...........
Musical instruments and parts______

Nondurable goods
F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ..............................
M e a t p r o d u c ts ...................
"
D a ir y p r o d u c ts ........................
'
C a n n e d a n d p re se r v e d food , e x c e p t
m e a t s ................................................................ ..
G rain m ill p r o d u c ts _________
"
B a k e r y p r o d u c ts ......... .........
'
‘
S u g a r . . . _______________________
C o n fe c tio n e r y a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts ____I
B e v e r a g e s ______ __________________________.
M iscellaneous food a n d k in d red p r o d u c ts. _
T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ................. ................. ..
C ig a r e tte s ________________________________ .
C ig a r s ...................................................... ................. ...
T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts ____ ______
_
C o tto n b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s........... ............... ]
S ilk a n d s y n t h e t ic b ro a d w o v e n fa b r ic s. .
W e a v in g a n d fin is h in g b ro a d w o o le n s .. .
N a r r o w fab rics a n d s m a llw a r e s _________
K n it t i n g __________ __________ _____________
F in is h in g t e x tile s , e x c e p t w o o l a n d k n i t . _
F lo o r c o v e r in g _________ _________________
Y a r n a n d th r e a d __________________________
M is c e lla n e o u s t e x t ile g o o d s _______________
A p p a r e l a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts _______________
M e n ’s a n d b o y s ’ s u it s a n d c o a t s ............... ...
M e n ’s an d b o y s ’ fu r n is h in g s _____________
W o m e n ’s, m is s e s ’, ju n io r s ’ o u te r w e a r ____
W o m e n ’s a n d c h ild r e n ’s u n d e r g a r ­
m e n t s ........... .................................................... .........
H a t s , c a p s, a n d m i l l i n e r y . . . ..........................
G ir ls ’ a n d c h ild r e n ’s o u te r w e a r ............
..
F u r g o o d s a n d m is c e lla n e o u s a p p a r e l____
M isc e lla n e o u s fa b ric a ted t e x t ile p r o d ­
u c t s ........................................................... ................ .
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts___________________
P a p e r a n d p u l p ____________________________
P a p e r b o a r d _____________ __________ _____
C o n v e r te d
p a p e r a n d p a p e rb o a rd
p r o d u c ts __________________________ ______
P a p e r b o a r d c o n ta in e r s a n d b o x e s ........... .......
P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llie d in d u s ­
t r ie s _________ _____ ________ ___________
N e w s p a p e r p u b lis h in g a n d p r in tin g ___
P e r io d ic a l p u b lis h in g a n d p r in t in g ____
B o o k s ________ ___________________________
C o m m ercia l p r in tin g ___________________
B o o k b in d in g a n d r e la te d in d u s t r ie s ___
O th e r p u b lis h in g a n d p r in tin g in d u s ­
t r ie s ________ _______ ___________________
C h e m ic a ls an d a llie d p r o d u c t s .......................
I n d u s tr ia l c h e m ic a ls ____________________
P la s tic s m a te r ia ls a n d s y n t h e t ic s ______
D r u g s ....................................... .................................
S oap , clea n ers, a n d t o ile t g o o d s.................
P a in ts , v a r n is h e s , a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ..
A g r ic u ltu r a l c h e m ic a ls ____________ _____
O th er c h e m ic a l p r o d u c ts _______________
P e tr o le u m r e fin in g a n d r e la te d in d u s ­
t r ie s _________ ______ ___________________
P e tr o le u m r e fin in g ______________ _______
O th e r p e tr o le u m an d co a l p r o d u c ts.........
R u b b e r , m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic p r o d u c ts .
T ir e s an d in n e r t u b e s ___________________
O th e r r u b b e r p r o d u c ts __________________
M isc e lla n e o u s p la s tic p r o d u c ts ....... ...........
L e a th e r an d le a th e r p r o d u c t s ..........................
L e a th e r ta n n in g a n d fin is h in g ........... ........
F o o tw e a r , e x c e p t r u b b e r ____ _____ _____
O th e r le a th e r p r o d u c ts ______________ _
H a n d b a g s a n d p e r so n a l le a th e r g o o d s.

3.4
5.6
3.2
2.8
2.8
3.3
3.8

3.3
4.9
3.3
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.5

3.1
4.6
3.1
2.4
2.9
2.9
2.9

2.3
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.3

2.8
4.2
2.3
2.8
3.4
2.7
3.1

2.9
4.1
2.6
2.2
3.0
2.9
3.2

2.8
4.1
2.6
2.0
2.6
2.8
2.8

3.1
4.3
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.1
3.2

2.9
3.7
2.5
2.1
3.0
2.9
3.5

2.7
3.7
2.4
1.8
2.7
2.8
2.7

4.1
4.6
3.6
3.1
7.7
3.7
3.1
2.9
3.7
4.8
1.4
1.5
1.3
4.2
4.9
4.3
4.0
3.9
2.6
5.0
5.3
4.6
5.0
1.7
1.8
1.4
1.4
2.1
1.2
1.4
2.2
3.1
5.7
6.6
7.3
4.3
5.4
3.9
3.1
5.7
4.9
4.3
3.3
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.4
2.8
3.8
3.3
4.7
3.7
3.3
2.1
7.3
4.8
6.5
4.3
4.4
1.9
3.3
1.5
2.5
2.4

4.4
5.1
4.0
3.5
8.5
3.8
4.4
3.1
4.0
5.0
1.5
1.8
.9
4.4
5.2
4.7
4.3
4.3
2.7
4.9
5.4
5.0
5.2
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.9
1.2
1.5
1.5
2.4
5.8
6.5
7.4
4.5
5.7
4.0
3.0
5.8
5.2
4.4
3.3
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.8

4.0
4.2
3.9
3.4
7.0
3.8
4.0
2.9
4.2
4.2
1.7
2.2
1.2
4.4
5.1
5.2
4.3
3.9
3.1
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.7
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.6
2.4
5.6
6.4
7.4
4.3
5.0
3.7
2.7
4.6
5.4
4.1
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.5
2.6
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.3
3.1
2.2
5.8
4.3
5.7
4.0
4.0
2.2
3.3
2.0
2.5
2.7

4.7
4.5
4.6
3.6
7.9
4.3
4.8
2.3
6.7
4.4
1.7
2.5
.8
4.4
5.5
5.6
5.0
3.7
2.6
4.5
3.5
4.7
4.2
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.1
1.6
5.5
6.3
7.6
4.3
4.9
3.4
2.6
3.9
4.9
3.8
2.8
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
2.3
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.3

4.2
4.3
4.3
3.1
7.3
3.9
4.0
2.5
4.4
4.2
1.5
1.9
1.0
4.6
5.3
4.9
5.2
4.4
2.8
5.9
4.5
5.1
5.1
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.9
5.7
6.5
7.7
4.3
5.2

3.8
3.9
3.7
3.1
6.4
3.5
3.7
2.3
3.5
4.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
4.6
5.3
6.0
5.5
4.0
2.8
5.6
4.1
5.0
5.2
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.6
.1.6
1.9
5.6
6.7
7.8
3.9
5.0
3.5
3.0
3.4
5.4
3.8
3.0
2.6
3.4
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.9
3.8
6.5
3.4
3.5
3.1
5.0
4.4
6.5
3.7
4.1
2.1
4.0
1.9
2.1
2.0

3.4
3.5
3.5
2.8
5.6
3.3
3.5
1.9
3.6
3.8
1.3
1.6
1.1
4.5
5.3
5.5
5.3
3.9
2.2
5.7
4.2
5.2
5.0
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.9
5.3
6.2
8.2
3.7
4.5

3.4
3.4
3.3
2.7
5.6
3.1
4.6
2.6
3.1
3.9
1.0
.9
1.1
4.6
5.5
5.7
5.1
4.4
2.5
5.8
4.4
5.2
4.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.6
1.3
2.0
5.3
6.2
7.5
3.9
4.8
3.5
2.3
4.1
5.1
3.9
3.0
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.7
7.3
2.7

3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
6.3
3.2
4.5
2.4
2.8
4.4
1.9
2.9
1.2
4.6
5.6
5.5
5.2
4.5
2.3
5.5
4.7
5.4
4.9
1.5
1.8
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.3
1.8
5.1
6.2
7.0
3.7
4.5

3.5
4.2
3.2
2.6
6.0
3.1
3.4
2.5
2.7
4.0
.9
.6
1.2
4.3
5.4
4.8
4.7
4.1
2.1
5.1
4.0
5.2
4.8
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.7
5.0
6.1
7.5
3.5
4.2
2.8
1.9
3.4
4.3
3.1
2.2
3. 0
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.8
2.2
4.1
2.9
2.4
1.9
4.2
4.4
6.8
3.7
4.0
2.1
3.3
1.9
2.2
1.7

3.7
2.6
7.4
4.7
6.1
4.4
4.5
2.0
3.4
1.7
2.5
2.2

1For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1966, see footnote 1, table A- 9. For employees covered, see footnote 1, table
A- 10.
These series cover premium overtime hours of production and related
workers during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Over­
time hours are those paid for at premium rates because (1) they exceeded


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

3.2
5.3
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.9
3.6

3.2
4.8
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.1
4.2

2.7
3.6
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.7
3.0

2.4
3.3
2.1
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.1

3.8 3.9 3.8
3.6
4.3 4.9 4.2
4.2
3.3 3.3 3.6
3.5
2.7 2.8 2.9
2.8
6.9 6.2 6.6
6.3
3.3 3.4 3.3
3.1
3.7 4.1 3.9
3.7
2.7 2.7 2.4
2.2
3.2 3.3 3.3
3.1
4.0
4.5 4.9 4.3
1.3 1.1 1.1
1.6
.9
.6
1.6
.8
1.2 2.0 1.3
2.1
3.6
4.6 4.6 4.2
5.3 5.4 4.8
4.3
5.5 5.5 5.3
5.0
3.4
4.6 4.1 4.4
4.2 4.1 3.6
3.1
2.1
2.4 2.7 2.5
5.6 5.4 4.6
4.2
6.2 6.1 5.1
4.4
5.1 5.2 4.7
3.6
3.6
5.3 5.1 4.3
1.4 1.7 1.4
1.3
1.6 1.7 1.5
1.0
1.2 1.4 1.2
1. 0
1.2 1.3 1.3
1.3
1.4 1.9 1.4
1.4
1.2
.9 1.4
1.4
1.1 1.6 1.4
1.3
1.6 2.0 1.4
1.2
2.2 2.9 2.1
1.9
5.5 5.6 5.0
4.7
6.2 6.3 6.0
5.7
7.7 7.6 7.0
6.3
4.0 4.0 3.5
3.3
4.1
5.2 5.4 4.5
3.5
3.6 3.2 3.1
3.3
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.2 2.7 2.4
2.4
2.6
2.0
3.3
3.7
3.7
3.1 3.3 3.8
4.0
5.4
5.1
4.4
4.6 4.2 4.2
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.9 3.4 3.4
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.6 2.5 2.5
2.8
2.4
3.0
2.9
3.5 2.9 3.1
3.1
2.7
3.4
3.7
3.1
3.0 3.0 3.0
2.7
3.4
3.4
3.0
3.0 3.0 3.0
2.6
3.4
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.9 2.9 2.9
2.5
2.8
3.2 2.9 2.6
2.0
3.0
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.2 3.1 2.5
2.5
3.7
3.4
2.6
2.3 2.5 2.7
2.5
4.3
8.9
4.7
4.0 3.5 4.9
4.6
3.6
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9 3.2 3.0
3.7 3.6
3.4 2.6 2.4
2.6 2.8 2.8
2.5
2.7 2.6
2.2 2.2 2.1
3.0 2.3 2.0
1.8
6.8 6.7
4.0 5.2 5.5
5.0
4.6 3.9 3.8
3.9 4.3
4.2
4.4
3.4
4.3
4.7 4.6 4.1
5. 8 5.4
6.7 6.5 6.1
4.3
6.6 5.8 6.7
3.3 3.8
3.5
4.1 4.0 3.3
2.7
3.6
3.6
3.5 4.2
3.9 4.2 4.0
3.7
4.3 4.3 4.0
2.2 2.3
1.9 2.1 2.4
1.7
2.3 2.1 1.8
3. 4 3.8
3.5 3.5 3.5
2.9
3.6 4.0 3.3
2.1 2.1
1.5
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.8 2.3
2.1 2.2 2.4
2.5 2.7 2. 0 1.7
1.8 2.0
1.9 2.5 2.4
2.0
1.8 2.8 1.9
either the straight-time workday or workweek or (2) they occurred on week
ends or holidays or outside regularly scheduled hours. Hours for which
only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.
2Preliminary.

1445

C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS

T able C -5 .

Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction
activities 1
[1957- 5 9 =100]

Revised series; see box, p. 1423.

1965

1966

Annual
average

Activity
Nov .2 Oct.2 Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Jan.

Feb.

Dec.

Nov.

1965 1964

Man-hours
Total _________ - - __
. ____
Mining__________ _ ___ ___ ______
Contract construction__________________
Manufacturing----- ------------------------------Durable goods______________________
Ordnance and accessories __________
Lumber and wood products, except
furniture_________ ____
__ ___
Furniture and fixtures______________
Stone, clay, and glass products___
Primary metal industries___________
Fabricated metal products___
___
Machinery___________ _____ ____
Electrical equipment and supplies____
Transportation equipment__________
Instruments and related products____
Miscellaneous manufacturing indust r i e s . ____________ ___________
Nondurable goods __________________
Food and kindred products_________
Tobacco manufactures.. ____________
Textile mill products___ _ _________
Apparel and related products____ —
Paper and allied products___ ______
Printing, publishing, and allied industries________________ ___ ..
Chemicals and allied products_______
Petroleum refining and related industries____________________________
Rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products________________________
Leather and leather products. ______

116.9
81.4
110.6
119.9
126.7
158.0
95.3
128.6
109.1
114.5
129.5
137.8
154.5
123.2
129.9
122.0
111.0
98.9
90.0
104.6
119.5
118.4
118.8
116.7
79.3
154.3
97.1

119.5
84.5
123.5
120.6
127.1
153.7
98.0
130.3
111.7
115.6
130.0
137.5
153.9
121.9
130.0
124.7
112.0
101.6
97.7
105.1
121.1
117.4
119.4
116.7
80.2
154.1
96.7

120.0
84.7
126.1
120.7
126.9
150.9
100.2
130.0
113.5
117.7
130.2
138.0
152.1
119.4
129.3
121.5
112.6
106.3
100.4
105.8
117.7
117.5
118.7
116.9
82.2
152.1
96.7

117.2
85.9
132.4
116.0
121.5
142.5
103.7
122.5
114.5
116.3
122.7
134.5
141.9
109.3
125.5
109.9
108.9
99.5
70.8
103.4
114.2
117.2
116.4
116.8
83.9
143.6
97.7

119.6
86.5
131.4
119.1
123.2
145.2
104.1
131.6
115.4
117.3
127.2
135.9
148.6
103.0
127.7
120.1
113.7
106.1
87.7
107.2
122.5
118.4
118.0
117.9
82.2
149.7
102.4

118.8
86.9
126.1
119.1
125.8
141.5
105.6
128.1
115.2
119.2
128.2
137.9
146.7
116.5
128.2
117.3
110.4
94.0
73.4
108.4
121.1
118.2
116.7
117.9
82.6
147.9
102.1

114.6
83.7
112.4
116.5
123.6
139.3
102.0
124.3
112.8
116.5
126.2
136.3
143.3
116.4
125.6
114.8
107.3
88.6
72.1
106.0
118.8
114.7
115.1
116.0
80.2
145.8
98.6

112.2
74.3
107.4
114.9
122.1
134.4
98.9
122.0
110.9
115.8
124.3
134.3
141.5
117.2
122.9
111.5
105.6
86.9
73.9
103.4
116.2
113.4
114.3
116.1
78.7
143.8
96.2

111.5
81.5
102.5
114.6
120.9
132.0
96.4
123.7
108.0
113.5
123.4
134.2
139.4
116.3
123.6
111.0
106.5
87.1
77.2
105.2
120.6
112.7
114.2
113.4
76.3
143.2
99.3

109.2
80.2
92.5
113.7
119.6
130.8
94.8
121.6
104.5
112.1
122.6
132.8
139.5
115.4
122.3
108.0
105.9
87.6
84.0
104.5
118.9
111.4
113.0
111.5
75.5
142.2
101.5

108.6
81.3
97.8
111.9
118.1
128.3
95.9
120.8
105.4
110.2
121.2
130.2
137.4
114.6
120.0
102.3
103.8
88.4
83.9
102.6
110.5
110.9
110.9
110.1
75.7
142.8
98.7

112.5
84.1
108.6
114.6
120.0
122.3
98.8
126.4
109.0
108.0
123.6
130.6
139.1
117.1
119.5
115.7
107.5
93.8
93.9
104.4
115.9
114.2
114.8
110.9
76.4
145.6
100.5

112.7
82.7
113.2
114.1
118.5
122.6
99.1
124.0
111.0
105. 4
123.1
126.6
135.3
115.6
118.5
121.8
108.3
98.6
89.6
104.9
117.3
113.1
112.7
110.6
78.1
143.3
97.6

109.1
82.9
110.2
110.2
114.1
113.1
97.5
119.0
108.1
112.9
117.2
123.0
125. b
106.8
112.3
109.8
105.2
94.0
86.2
101. 5
115. 0
109.8
110.2
110.1
78.3
135. 4
96.3

103.2
82.7
105.2
103.9
105.5
118.7
95.7
111.6
105.4
106. 2
107.9
112.1
113.0
y4.8
104.6
102.7
101.7
94. 0
92.9
96.8
109.1
106.8
106. 5
106.0
78.9
122.1
94. 6

Payrolls

100.4 105.6 105.4 105.2 106.5 102.5 87.4 97.7 96.5 97.5 100.0 98.0 97.0 93.1
154.8 173.2 177.0 180.3 171.1 152.6 145.1 137.9 125.4 131.4 145.2 150.1 144.3 132. 4
156.4 156.9 156.7 148.6 152.5 149.0 146.8 145.3 143.8 141.3 144.3 142.9 136.3 124. 3

Mining__________________ . _________
Contract construction............. . . . ______
Manufacturing___ _______ _______ _____

1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to October
1966, see footnote 1, table A-9.
For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related

T able C -6.

workers and for contract construction, to construction workers, as defined
in footnote 1, table A-10.
2 Preliminary.

Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production workers in m anufacturing 1
Revised series; see box,

[In current and 1957-59 dollars]1

1423.

Annual
average

1965

!

1966

p.

Item
Oct.2

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

1965

1964

Manufacturing
Jross average weekly earnings:
Current dollars_________ ____________ $113. 85 $113. 71 $111.78 $111.11 $112.74 $112. 05 $111. 24 $110. 95 $110. 27 $110. 00 $110.92 $109. 71 $109. 03 $107. 53 $102.97
1957-59 dollars________________ ________
99.43 99.66 98.22 98.07 99.86 99. 51 98.88 99.06 98. 81 99.10 99.93 99. 20 98. 76 97. 84 05. ¿5
Spendable average weekly earnings:
Worker with no dependents:
Current dollars_____________ . ______ 92.72 92.61 91.14 90.63 91.87 91.35 90. 73 90. 51 90.00 89.79 91.80 90.83 90.28 89.08 84.40
1957-59 dollars_________________ . ... 80.98 81.17 80. 09 79.99 81.37 81.13 80.65 80.81 80.65 80.89 82. 70 82.12 81.78 81.06 78. 08
Worker with 3 dependents:
Current dollars______ __________ ____ 100. 65 100. 54 99.00 98. 47 99.77 99.22 98.57 98.34 97.80 97.58 99.62 98.61 98.04 96.78 92.18
1957-59 dollars . . _ _ ________ __ 87.90 88.12 86.99 86.91 88.37 88.12 87.62 87.80 87.63 87. 91 89.75 89.16 88.80 88.06 85.27

1For comparability of data w ith those published in issues prior to October
1966, see footnote 1, table A-9. For employees covered, see footnote 1, table
A-10.
Spendable average weekly earnings are based on gross average weekly
earnings as published in table C -l less the estimated amount of the workers’
Federal social security and income tax liability. Since the amount of tax
liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker as
well as on the level of his gross income, spendable earnings have been com­


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

puted for 2 types of income receivers: (1) A worker with no dependentsand (2) a married worker with 3 dependents.
. . . . .
. __
The earnings expressed in 1957-59 dollars have been adjusted for changes
in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s Consumer Price Index.
2Preliminary.
N ote : These series are described in “The Calculation and Uses of Spend
able Earnings Series,” Monthly Labor Review, April 1966, pp. 406-410.

1446

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEMBER 1966

D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able

D - l.

Consumer Price Index 1—U.S. city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers,
all items, groups, subgroups, and special groups of items
[1957-59=100 unless otherwise specified]
1966

1965

Annual
average

Group
Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

All item s_______________________________
All items (1947-49=100)__________________

114.5
140.5

114.1
140.0

113.8
139.6

113.3
139.0

112.9
138.5

112.6

112.5
138.0

112.0 111.6 111.0 111.0 110.6

Food _________________ _______________
Food at home_________________________
Cereals and bakery products_________
M eats, poultry, arid fish. . . ________
Dairy products_____________________
Fruits and vegetables________________
Other foods at home 2_________ ______
Food away from hom e____ ____________

115.6
113.8
118.3
113.8
117.1
115.3
106.0
125.2

115.6
114.0
118.4
114.8
116.0
116.6
105.3
124.6

115.8
114.4
117.3
114.5
114.8
122.3
104.9
124.0

114.3
112.7
114.8
114.3

113.9
112.3
114.7
114.2
109.6
121.7
101.3

113.5

114.0
112.7
114.1
115.6
108.9
119.8
103.6

H o u sin g ...
____ _ __________________
Shelter 3__________________ _________
R ent----------- ----------------- -------------Homeownership 4 . ____ _________
Fuel and utilities 8_
____
_____ .
Fuel oil and co a l8___________________
Gas and electricity__________________
Household furnishings and operation 7__

112.2 111.8 111.5
115.5 115.0 114.6
111.0 110.7 110.6

111.0
121.5
102.1

123.5

138.2

112.0
114.3
113.9
109.3
119.2

Feb.

Jan.

136.9

136.2

113.9

113.1

113.6
116.9
108.1
117.4
103.7

113.2
115. 7
107.0
116.5
103.5

111.4
109.8
113.0
112.9
106.6
111.3
102.9
120.4

137.4

112.6 111.8

Dec.

Nov.

110.4
135.5

109.9
134.8

108.1
132.6

110.6
112.2
110.1
106.1
111.0

109.7
107. 8
111.4
108.5
105.8
109.9
102.9
119.6

109.7
107.8
111.3
108.9
105.5
108.5
103.5
119.2

108.8
107.2
105.1
105.0
115.2

106.4
104.7
109.6
98.6
104.7
115.3

117.8

115.2

109.0

108.5

107.2
108.7
107.8
109.1
107.3
103.5
107.9

108.9

115.8
108.0
107.0
108.1
104.8

115.0
108.2
108.0
108.2
104.6

114.3
108.3
108.5
108.3
104.4

113.5
106.6
108.9
108.2
104.0

113.3
106.5
109.0
108.2
103.8

113.1
106.4
108.9
107.9
103.6

112.9
108.1
108.6
108.0
103.6

109.4

109.3
109.9
105.0
119.0

108.7
109.6
104.2
118.1

108.2
109.0
103.9
116.9

107.6
108.6
103.1
116.2

107.3
108.6

108.1
109.3
104.3
115.6

108.1
109.2
104.6
115.1

116.8
108.0
107.4
108.1
105.7

116.4
107.9
107.0
108.1
105.2

Apparel and upkeep 8___________________ 111.5
M en’s and boys’________ _ ___________ 111.5
Women’s and girls’....................................... 107.5
Footwear____________ _______________ 122.2

110.7

109.2
109.9
103.8
120.4

109.2
109.6
104.6
119.8

104.7
119.8

Transportation____ __________
114.3
Private_________ _______ __________ __ 112.3
Public_______ _______ . ___________ 129.6

113.3
111.3
129.5

113.5

Health and recreation.. . . . ____ _________
Medical care... ___ ______________
Personal care ________________ ________
Reading and recreation___ ____________
Other goods and services 8_____________

120.4
130.4
113.3
118.0
115.9

Special groups:
All items less shelter___________________ 114.3
_______________ 114.4
All Items less food.

1964

135.7

109.2
111.5
109.3
112.5
107.9
107.2
108.0
103.3

117.4
108.1
108.3
108.0
106.1

1965

136.2

102.8
103.8
122.8 122.2 121.6 121.2 120.8
119.9
111.1 110.7 110.3 109.6 109.4 109.2 109.4
114.1 113.5 113.0 112.3 112.1 112.0 111.8
110.2 110.2 110.1 109.9 109.8 109.7 109.5

111.3
114.4
110.3
116.2
107.9
107.0
108.1
105.1

Oct.

111.2

101.8 101.6

111.2 110.6
108.9
112.1 111.4

109.2

107.7
106.9
107.9
103.3

107.2
105.6
107.8
103.1

107.8
108.7
104.3
114.4

106.8
107.4
103.1
112.9

105.7
106.1
102.3

129.2

111.6

113.5
111.5
129.1

112.2 112.0 112.0 111.4 111.1 111.2 111.6 111.5 111.2 111.1
110.7 110.5 110.5 109.9 109.6 109.6 110.1 110.1 109.7 109.7
122.8 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.0 122.0 122.0 121.6 121.6 121.4

109.3
107.9
119.0

119.9
129.4
113.0
117.5
115.7

119.5
128.4
112.7
117.4
115.5

119.1
127.7
112.5
117.2
115.3

118.7
127.0

118.4
126.3

118.1
125.8

117.6
125.3

117.1
124.5

114.9

116.8
114.7

116.8
114.3

116.6
113.8

113.9
113.8

113.6
113.4

113.1
113.2

112.6
112.8

112.4
112.5

112.4

110.0

109.3

109.0

111.2

106.3
121.3

110.1

102.6
115.6

116.6
123.7

111.0

115.9
113.6

116.9
124.2
110.4
115.7
113.4

116.2
123.0
109.2
115.2
113.3

115.6
122.3
109.9
115.2
111.4

113.6
119.4
109.2
114.1
108.8

111.9

111.4
111.3

110.8 110.8 110.4 110.2
111.1 111.3. 111.2 110.9

109.6
110.4

108.0
108.9

108.0

106.9
108.7

106.4
107.9

112.2 112.0 111.6 111.0 110.8
117.0
112.2 111.6

110.0

115.4
113.4

116.4
123.4
109.6
115.4
113.3

102.8

Commodities 10_________________________
Nondurables11.-____
. . . . . . ..
Durables 1012_____________ _________
Services101314_______ . . . . .

110.3
113.1
103.5
124.1

112.9
102.7
123.5

109.8
112.5
103.0
123.0

111.8 111.5
103.0 102.6
122.6 122.0

108.8
111.3
102.5
121.5

108.8
111.4
102.3

108.4

111.1 110.6
102.0 101.8
121.1 120.1 119.7

107.4
109.6
101.9
119.5

107.4
109.4
102.4
119.3

107.1
108.9
102.4
119.0

102.1 102.6
1Í8.7

117.8

105.2
106.0
103.0
115.2

Commodities less food18____ ____________
Nondurables less food_____ ________ ..
Apparel commodities______________
Apparel commodities less footwear. .

107.6
110.9
110.4
108.1

107.0
110.5
109.7
107.4

106.6
109.6
107.9
105.5

106.7
109.7
108.1
105.8

106.4
109.5
108.3
106.0

106.3
109.3
108.3
106.1

106.0
109.0
107.6

105.6
108.6
107.1

105.3
108.0
106.2

105.7
108.4
107.2

105.6
108.3
107.2

105.3
108.0
106.9

105.1
107.2
105.8

104.4
105.7
104.9

Nondurables less food and apparel. __
New cars__________ ________
Used cars________ . . . ____
Household durables 18______________
Housefurnishings________________

Services less rent 1013________ .
Household services less rent 18________
Transportation services....... ........ .. ..
Medical care services___ ____ _______
Other services 1818 ____ .

1

111.2
98.4
120.8
97.4
99.5
127.1
123.5
125.9
137.4
128.2

111.0
94.4
120.1
97.3
99.3
126.5
123.0
125.5
136.2
127.5

110.5
95.8
122.1
97.0
98.9
125.9
122.4
125.3
134.7
127.1

110.6
96.7
120.3
96.9
98.8
125.5
122.1
125.0
133.9
126.7

110.1
96.8
118.2
96.7
98.6
124.8
121.7
123.2
133.0
126.4

T h e C P I m e asu res th e average change in prices of goods a n d services
p u rc h a s e d b y u rb a n w age-earner a n d clerical-w orker fam ilies. B eg in n in g
J a n u a ry 1964, t h e index s tru c tu re h as been rev ise d to reflect b u y in g p a tte r n s of
w age ea rn e rs a n d clerical w o rk ers in th e 1960’s. T h e indexes show n h ere are
b ased on ex p e n d itu re s of all u rb a n w age-earner a n d clerical-w orker co n su m ers,
in c lu d in g single w o rk ers liv in g alone, as w ell as fam ilies of tw o o r m o re
p ersons.
In c lu d e s eggs, fats a n d oils, su g ar a n d sw eets, n o n alcoholic beverages, a n d
p re p a re d a n d p a rtia lly p re p a re d foods.
Also in c lu d es h o te l a n d m o tel room ra te s n o t sh o w n sep arately .
In c lu d e s h o m e p u rch ase, m ortgage in te re s t, taxes, in su ran c e, a n d m a in ­
te n an ce a n d rep airs.
A lso includes telep h o n e, w a te r, a n d sew erage service n o t sh o w n se p a ra te ly .
C alled “ S olid a n d p e tro le u m fuels” p rio r to 1964.
In c lu d e s h o u sefu rn ish in g s a n d ho u sek eep in g su p p lie s a n d services.
In c lu d e s d ry cleaning a n d la u n d ry of a p p a re l, in fa n ts ’ w ear, sew ing
m a terials, jew elry , a n d m iscellaneous a p p a re l, n o t show n sep arately .
In c lu d e s tobacco, alcoholic beverages, a n d fu n eral, legal, a n d b a n k
service charges.
R ec alcu late d g roup—indexes p rio r to J a n u a ry 1964 h a v e b een reco m p u ted .
In c lu d e s foods, p a in t, fu rn ace filters, sh ru b b e ry , fuel oil, coal, h o u seh o ld
textiles, h ousekeeping supplies, a p p a re l, gasoline a n d m o to r oil, d ru g s a n d

2
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
10
11


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

110.0
97.0
117.5
96.7
98.5
124.1
120.9
123.0
132.1
125.9

105.6
109.8
97.4
117.4
96.4
98.3
123.6
120.2
123.0
131.4
125.5

105.2
109.4
97.1
115.4
96.2
98.0
122.5
118.5
122.6
130.8
125.0

105.4
108.3
106.5

104.6
109.3
97.2
114.0
96.1
97.8
122.0
118.1
122.6
129.9
124.1

104.3
109.1
97.4
114.8
96.1
97.6
121.8
117.9
122.5
129.5
123.8

105.5
109.1
98.7
118.2
96.1
97.8
121.6
118.4
121.3
128.9
123.2

105.7
108.9
98.7
118.7
96.0
97.6
121.3
118.1
121.0
128.5
123.0

105.4
108.7
97.7
119.4
96.0
97.6
121.0
117.9
120.7
128.1
122.8

104.4
108.0
99.0
120.8
96.9
97.9
120.0
117.0
119.3
127.1
121.8

103.6
106.2
101.2
121.6
98.4
98.4
117.0
114.8
115.0
123.2
118.5

pharmaceuticals, toilet goods, nondurable recreational goods, newspapers,
magazines, books, tobacco, and alcoholic beverages.
12 I n c lu d e s h o m e p u r c h a se , w h ic h w a s cla ssified u n d e r s e r v ic e s p r io r to
1964, b u ild in g m a te r ia ls, fu r n itu r e a n d b e d d in g , floor c o v e r in g s , h o u s e h o ld
a p p lia n c e s, d in n e r w a r e , ta b le w a r e , cle a n in g e q u ip m e n t, p o w e r to o ls, la m p s ,
V en etian b lin d s , h a rd w a r e, a u to m o b ile s , tir es, r a d io s , te le v is io n s e t s , ta p e
record ers, d u r a b le t o y s , a n d s p o r ts e q u ip m e n t.

13Excludes home purchase costs which were classified under this heading
prior to 1964.
14Includes rent, mortgage interest, taxes and insurance on real property,
home maintenance and repair services, gas, electricity, telephone, water,
sewerage service, household help, postage, laundry and dry cleaning, furni­
ture and apparel repair and upkeep, moving, auto repairs, auto insurance,
registration and license fees, parking and garage rent, local transit, taxicab,
airplane, train, and bus fares, professional medical services, hospital services,
health insurance, barber and beauty shop services, movies, fees for sports,
television repairs, and funeral, bank, and legal services.
18Called ‘^Durables less cars” prior to 1964. Does not include auto parts,
durable toys, and sports equipment.
18Includes the services components of apparel, personal care, reading and
recreation, and other goods and services. Not comparable with series pub­
lished prior to 1964.

1447

D.— CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able

D -2. Consumer Price Index 1—U.S. city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers,
selected groups, subgroups, and special groups of items, seasonally adjusted 2
[1957-59=100 unless otherwise specified]
1965

1966

Group

Jan.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Food________________________________________________
Food at home_______________________________________
M eats, poultry, and fish.—
_____________________
Dairy products___________________________________
Fruits and vegetables______________________________
Other foods at home_______________________________

115.6
113.8
112.5
116.4
120.4
104.1

115.3
113.7
112.4
115.8

113.2
111.3
114.1

111.6

115.3
104.0

114.3
113.2
117.1
109.4
117.7
104.5

114.2
112.9
117.7
108.0
117.4
104.4

113.1 111.6 110.8 110.0
111.8 110.0 109.2 108.2

113.9
102.9

114.0
112.4
115.9
110.7
115.8
102.9

114.0

115.7
106.7
117.7
103.3

112.9
105.9
113.9

102.1

110.3
105.4
114.1
103.3

108.1
105.2
114.4

103.8

115.5
113.9
112.9
114.9
121.4
105.1

102.1

109.7
107.8
107.6
104.9
113.3
101.7

Fuel and u tilities3__________________________________
Fuel oil and c o a l4_________________________________

108.1
108.5

108.2
108.8

108.4
109.2

108.4
109.3

108.4
109.2

108.5
109.5

108.2
107.7

106.3
106.9

106.3
106.5

106.0
106.6

107.7
107.3

107.7
106.6

107.7
107.1

Apparel and upkeep 5_________________________________
M en’s and boys’____________________________________
Women’s and girls’___________ _____________________
Footwear__________________ ________________________

110.8 110.5 109.6 109.6 109.5
111.1 111.0 110.2 109.9 110.2
106.0 105.8 104.5 105.1 105.0
122.1 121.3 120.6 120.2 119.9

109.4
109.9
105.4
119.0

108.8
109.7
104.5
118.1

108.5
109.4
104.4
117.0

108.0
109.0
103.8
116.3

107.8
109.0
103.6
115.6

107.6
108.8
103.3
115.4

107.5
108.5
103.4
114.9

107.2
108.3
102.9
114.3

Transportation_______________________________________
Private__
____________________________________

113.8
111.7

113.5
111.5

Special groups:
Commodities 6_____________________ _____ ____________ 110.1
Nondurables_______________________________________ 112.9
D urables« L . _______________________________________ 103.3

109.9
102.9

Commodities less food 6__________ ___
____________ 107.3
Nondurables less food.
. . . _______________________ 110.5
Apparel commodities_____ . . ____________________ 109.4
Apparel commodities less footwear.. _____________ 107.1
N ew cars_________ ____________________ __________
97.5
Used cars______________
__________________________ 119.4
Housefurnishings_________________ ________________ 99.5

107.0
110.3
109.5
107.1
96.2
118.7
99.3

121.0

112.8

—

66—

8


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Oct.

110.8

111.6

113.4
111.4

110.8

110.5

110.8

110.5

110.0

109.2

110.8

111.3
109.8

110.9
109.4

109.2

109.8
112.4
103.2

109.1
111.4
103.1

108.9
111.5

109.0

109.0

102.6

111.6 111.6

108.6
111.4

102.1

107.0
108.9

102.3

107.5
109.8
101.9

107.4
109.5

102.5

108.1
110.7
101.9

102.2 102.0

106.7
108.5
101.9

106.9
109.8
108-4
106.0
97.1

106.8
109.9
108.3
106.1
97.9
118.6
98.9

106.5
109.6
108.4
106.2
97.4
116.8
98.4

106.4
109.4
108.4
106.3
97.4
117.6
98.4

106.0
109.1
107.8
105.9
97.4
118.2
98.0

105.7
108.8
107.4
105.6
96.9
117.6
97.8

105.6
108.6
107.0
105.2
96.8
117.3
97.9

105.4
108.1
106.8
104.9
96.6
116.5
97.9

105.4
108.1
106.5
104.8
97.6
118.4
97.8

105.2
108.0
106.3
104.8
96.9
117.4
97.5

105.0
107.6
105.9
104.5
96.8
118.0
97.6

113.5

120.8

1See footnote 1, table D -l.
2Beginning January 1966, seasonally adjusted, national indexes were com­
puted for selected groups, subgroups, and special groups where there is a
significant seasonal pattern of price change. Previously published indexes
for the year 1965 have been adjusted. No seasonally adjusted indexes w ill be
shown for any of the individual metropolitan areas for which separate indexes
are published. Previously, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has made
available only seasonal factors, rather than seasonally adjusted indexes (e.g.,
Department of Labor Bulletin 1366, Seasonal Factors, Consumer Price Index:
Selected Series). The factors currently used were derived by the BLS
2 3 8 -2 6 4 0

112.6
116.0
110.2

Dec.

N ov.

Oct.

99.2

112.3

112.0

112.3

111.8

111.4

Seasonal Factor Method using data for 1956-65. These factors w ill be up­
dated at the end of each calendar year, but the revised factors w ill be used only
for future seasonal adjustments and not for revision of previously published
indexes. A detailed description of the BLS Seasonal Factor Method is
available upon request.
3See footnote 5, table D -l.
4See footnote 6, table D -l.
5See footnote 8, table D -l.
6See footnote 10, table D -l.
i See footnote 12, table D -l.

1448
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEMBER 1966

D -3.

Consumer Price Index—U.S. and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical
workers 1
[1957 -5 9 = 1 0 0 u n le s s o th e r w is e sp e cified ]

1966

1965

Annual
average

Area 2
Oct. Sept. Aug.

July June May Apr.

Mar. Feb.

Jan.

Dec. Nov.

Oct.

1965

1964

194749=100
Oct.
1966

All items
U.S. city average 3. ........... ......... 114.5 114.1 113.8 113.3 112.9 112.6 112.5 112.0 111.6 111.0 111.0 110.6 110.4 109.9 108.1
Atlanta, Qa_________ . . ___ 0 ) 112.8 (4)
111.1 (4)
110.3 (4)
109.2 (4)
(4)
108.1 106.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
113.4 (4)
Baltimore, Md...
............
112.5 (4)
0) 114.3 (4)
110.9 (4)
0)
109.6 107.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
Boston, Mass______________ 118.5 (4)
116.8
117.1 (4)
113.9
(*)
(4
)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4) 113.6 113.2 111.1
Buffalo, N.Y. (Nov. 1963=100)___ (4)
(4) 107.7 (4)
(4) 106.6 (4)
(4) 105.8 (4)
(4) 104.6 (<) 103. 5 101.1
Chicago, Ill.-Northwestern Ind__ 112.0 111.9 111.4 110.5 110.6 110.2 109.9 109.9 109.3 108.6 108.8 108.4 108.3 107.6 106.1
C in c in n a ti, O h io -K e n tu c k y _______

C le v ela n d , O hio ___________________
D allas, T ex . (N o v . 1963=100)_____
D etro it, M ic h __________________ .
H o n o lu lu , H a w a ii (D ec. 1963=100)H o u sto n , T e x __________________
K an sas C ity , M o .-K a n s a s ________
Los A n g ele s-L o n g B each, C alif____
M ilw aukee, W is___________________
M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l, M in n ______
N e w Y o rk ,N .Y .-N o rth e a s te rn N .J .
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .- N .J ____________
P itts b u r g h , P a _______ ___________
P o r tla n d , O re g .-W a s h .5___________

(4)

111.7

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)

110.2

(4)
112.4
(4)

105.6
(4)
117.1

105.6
111.9
(4)
(4)
(4)

115.9
(4)
113.4
117.8
115.0
114.1

115.7
(4)
(4)
117.3
114.7
(4)

114.6
111.5
(4)
116.7
114.5
(4)

(4)

112.6 112.1

1 1 6 .6

(4)

S t. L o u is, M o .- I ll _________________
S an D iego, C alif. (F e b . 1965 = 100)...
S an F ra n c isc o -O a k la n d , C a lif_____
S c ra n to n , P a .8________ _ . .......... ..

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

S e a ttle , W a s h . . . ______________ . . .
W a s h in g to n , D . C . - M d . - V a ________

114.7
(4)
116.4
(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)

102.0
(4)
1 1 6 .6

114.5
114.0

(4)
(4)
(4)
111.3
(4)

111.6
(4)
115.0
(4)

112.0

116.3
113.7

112.8

(4)

(4)
146.8
141.2
(4)

110.2

(4)

(4)

109.1

(4)

(4)

107.9

(4)

(4)

107.2

1 0 6 .3

(4)
(4)

109.7
104.6

(4)

(4)
(4)
109.6
104.4
(4)
115.3

108.1
103.4
108.8
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
108.4
(4)

(4)
(4)
108.0
103.9
(4)
114.6

107.8
102.7
107.6
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
107.4
(4)
109.3
( 4)

106.9
101.4
106.4

105.2

(4)

102.1

104.0
100.3

138.8

108.5
113.3

1 0 7 .2
1 0 9 .8

138.5
(4)

113.7
(4)
(4)
114.8
112.7

113.4
109.5
(4)
114.2
112.4

112.7

112.5
108.2

(4)
(4)

(4)

111.6 111.8
111.0 (4)

(4)

1 1 2 .9

(4)

(4)

112.1

(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

111.5
(4)
113.6

(4)
100.3
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

112.7

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)

111. 7

111.8
110.5

(4)
(4)
(4)

111.0
109.6

109.7
108.1

106.4

(4)
111.2 110.6 110.2

104.6
(4)
116.5

114.5
(4)
(4)
115.3
113.4
(4)

1 1 5 .6

(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

113.6
(4)
115.2
(4)

(4)
(4)

140.5

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
114.2

110.1

<4)
110.9
(4)
114.3
(4)
111.8

(4)
115.2
113.1
(4)

115.2
113.2
113.0

(4)

1117

(4)

101.6
(4)
m

.i

113.7
112.8

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
114.9

(4)
(4)
(4)

101.2
(4)
113. 9

112.6
111.9

110.0
(4)

112.8
(4)
110.5
113.4

113.2
(4)
(4)
113.5

(4)
(4)

112.8

108.7
(4)
113.2
111.4

(4)

(4)
110.1
109.5
113.0 112.2
111.1 110.6
110.7 110.2
111.8
1 1 2 .9
109.9

100.1

110.2
110.4
108.8
108.5

144.5
(4)
140.3
141.9
141.2
140.6

1 0 9 .0

I

1 0 6 .0
1 0 8 .0

108.1

100.1
110.6
111.0 1 0 9 . 3

44.5

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

Food
U .S . c i t y a v e r a g e 3 ________________

115.6

115.6

115.8

114.3

113.9

113.5

114.0

113.9

113.1

111.4

110.6

109.7

109.7

108.8

A tla n ta , O a . _ ________
......
B a ltim o r e , M d ___________
... ...
B o s to n , M a s s . . . - . _______ ______
B u ffa lo , N .Y . ( N o v . 1963=100)____
C h ic a g o , I ll.- N o r t h w e s t e r n I n d ____
C in c in n a ti, O h io - K e n t u c k y ________

114.7
116.7
119.3
109.7
115.4
113.6

114.2
117.9
119.3
109.9
116.3
113.4

114. 0
117.4
118.9
110.5
116.8
113.9

112.5
116.2
117.0
108.8
114.1
112.1

112.4
115.9
115.7
108.5
114.3
111.6

112. 0
Ï15.3
115.3
108.0
113.6
110.7

112.8
116.3
116.6
109.2
114.2
111.2

112.4
115.5
116.0
108.0
115.1
110.9

111.9
115.5
115.4
108.2
114.2
110.9

110. 5
112.7
113.6
106. 0
112.0
108.9

109.8
111.5
112.5
105.2
111.2
107.8

108. 4
no. 0
112.6
104.8
110.4
106.8

108.8
110.7
112.8
104.2
110.0
106.9

107 4 104.8
109 3 8106. 6
112 5 109.8
104.1 101.5
108.8 106.1
106. 2 IO 4.5

C le v e la n d , O h io ___________ . . . . . .
D a lla s , T e x . ( N o v . 1963=100)_____
D e t r o it , M i c h _______________________
H o n o lu lu , H a w a ii ( D e c . 1 9 6 3 = 1 0 0 ).
_ _ _______
H o u s to n , T e x ............ ..
K a n sa s C it y , M o .- K a n s a s ...............

112.1

112.4

113.1
111.6
114.4
106.6
117.0
118.1

111.1
110.1
112.8
106.5
115.8
117.1

111.1
109.4
112.0
106.6

110.0
109.4
111.5
106.2
114.1
116.0

110.3
110.2
111.6
106.6
114.8
116.5

110.1

109.0
111.3
106.7
114.3
116.7

109.8
108. 6
106.4
113.6
116.4

106.9
107.6
108.9
106.2
113. 2
115.3

107.2
106.2
107.9
105.9
112.4
114.4

106.7
105.5
106. 5
104.6
110.5
114.3

106.8
105.1
106.2
103.9

104.8
103.9
105.0
103.5
109. 2
111.3

113.8
116.2
113.3
116.4
114.9

112.8

112.4

113.4

112.9

112.1

111.1

112.4
115.0
113.4

112.7
115.1

110.3

112.8

111.9

111.3
114.2
111.9
111.7

109. 5
109 7

109.3
111.5
109. 5
109 3

110.4
109.3
108.3
110.5
108.1
108 5

112.2

111.6

113.0
113.5
111.7
114.4
112.5
111.5

113.5

112.3
115.1
113.2

1 1 1 .0

111.1

113.5
108.4
117.0
118.7

113.7
107.3
117.0
119.0

L o s A n g e le s - L o n g B e a c h , C a lif .. . .
M ilw a u k e e , W is ............______________
M in n e a p o lis -S t. P a u l, M in n _____ _
N e w Y o r k , N .Y .- N o r t h e a s t e r n N .J .
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . - N . J ______________
P it t s b u r g h , P a ________ . __________
P o r tla n d , O r e g .-W a s h .5........................

114.2

113.7

114.2
116.5
114.5

113.4
116.3
114.5

S t. L o u is , M o . - I l l ___________________
S a n D ie g o , C a lif. (F e b . 1965=100) . .
S an F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , C a l i f . . . ’. . .
S cra n to n , P a .5 ____ __
S e a ttle , W a s h . . . ______ . . . . .
.
W a s h in g to n , D . C . - M d . - V a _______

114.4

116.9

112.6

111.0

113.0

102.1
100. 5
101.9
100.8
1 0 5 .7
1 0 7 .2

108.2

107.9
108 2

110.7
107. 7
107.1
109.8
107.2
107 5

108.4
105.2
104 8

108.2

1 0 5 .0
IO

4.6

112 .8

112.8

112.8

111 .6

114.5
112.9
111.4

1 1 6 .6

1 1 6 .1

1 1 5 .6

1 U .7

1 1 6 .6

111 7

1110

1 1 3 .4

1 1 3 .0

1 1 1 .8

1 1 1 .2

1 0 9 .9

1 1 0 .6

1 0 9 .5

1 0 7 .1

119.7

119.4

118.1

117.2

116.7

114.0

112.7

114.7

114.6

111. 5
102. 7

107.6

113.6

112.9

111.8

103.7
110.7

112.4

113.6

116.3
106.6
113.8

114.4

114.7

117.0
106.3
113.9

117.1

115.0

119.8
106.8
114.2

111.4

110.2

107.7

1 1 3 .8

1 1 3 .7

1 1 3 .7

1 1 2 .6

1 1 2 .6

1 1 2 .1

1 1 3 .1

1 1 2 .8

1 1 2 .1

110. 8

1 0 7 .7

1 0 7 .7

1 0 6 .6

114.9
115.8

114.3
114.1

114.4
113.6

1 0 8 .3

115.2
115.6

114.1
114.3

1 0 9 .5

115.1
115.1

114.0
114.2

113.7
113.8

112.9
113.2

111.5

110.3
110.4

109.2
109.3

111.0

110.3
108.4

108.7
106.0

1 S e e fo o tn o te 1, t a b le D - l . In d e x e s m e a su r e tim e -to -tim e c h a n g e s in
p ric es. T h e y d o n o t in d ic a te w h e th e r it c o sts m o re to li v e in o n e area t h a n in
an o th e r.
2 T h e are as lis te d in c lu d e n o t o n ly th e c e n tr a l c i t y b u t th e e n tir e urban
p o r tio n o f t h e S ta n d a r d M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A rea , a s d e fin e d for th e 1960
C e n s u s of P o p u la tio n ; e x c e p t t h a t th e S ta n d a r d C o n s o lid a te d A rea is u se d
for N e w Y o r k a n d C h ica g o .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

110. 0

112.8

112.1

110 .6

110.0

109 3

3 A v e r a g e o f 56 “ c it ie s ” (m e tr o p o lita n areas a n d n o n m e tr o p o lita n u rb an
p la c e s) b e g in n in g J a n u a r y 1966.
4 A ll ite m s in d e x e s are c o m p u te d m o n t h l y for 5 areas a n d o n c e e v e r y 3
m o n th s o n a r o ta tin g c y c le for o th er areas.
8 O ld series.
8 1 0 -m o n th a v e r a g e .

1449

D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES

T able

D -4.

Indexes of wholesale prices,1 by group and subgroup of commodities
[1957-59= 100, u n le s s o th e r w is e s p e c if ie d ] 2

1965

1966

Annual
average

Commodity group
N ov.3

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

M ay

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

Nov.

1965

1964
100.5

---------

105.9

106.2

106.8

106.8

106.4

105.7

105.6

105.5

105.4

105.4

104.6

104.1

103.5

102.5

Farm products and processed foods_______

107.1

108.8

111.5

111.3

109.9

107.7

107.9

108.7

109.4

109.8

107.7

106.5

104.3

102.1

98.0

Farm products----- --------------- ------- ..
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetablesGrains - __________________________
Livestock and live poultry.. ---------. .
Plant and animal fibers______________
Fluid m ilk____________________ ____
Eggs_________ . ----------------- ------Hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds---------- .
Other farm products. .
. . .
Processed foods.. ------------------------------Cereal and bakery products. . . —
Meats, poultry, and fish_____ ________
Dairy products and ice c re a m ___ ___
Canned and frozen fruits and vege­
tables___
.. ...
. ...
Sugar and confectionery_____________
Packaged beverage materials . . .
Animal fats and oils. --------------------Crude vegetable oils___ _______
Refined vegetable oils_____________ ..
Vegetable oil end products. ___ . . .
Miscellaneous processed foods_____ .
All commodities except farm products___
All commodities except farm and foods . .
Textile products and apparel
. . __
Cotton products____________________
Wool products..
.
_ _
.
Manmade fiber textile products______
Silk products__________________ . .
Apparel. _________ ______ _____
Miscellaneous textile products_______
Hides, skins, leather, and leather prod­
ucts------------ . . _____________ . . .
Hides and skins. . . _______________
Leather _
.
. . . ______ . . .
Footwear___________ _____ __ _____
Other leather products.. ___ . . . ...
Fuel and related products, and power..
Coal____. . . _ . . . . . . . _________
C o k e ... ____
.
. . . __________
Gas fuels 5. . . . .
Electric power 5 ___
. ___
Petroleum products, refined_____ ____
Chemicals and allied products____ . . .
Industrial chemicals______ _ _ _____
Prepared paint____________ . . . .
Paint materials...........
Drugs and pharmaceuticals__________
Fats and oils inedible. _______ ___
Mixed fertilizer_______. . . . . . __ _ __
Fertilizer materials. _. _______________
Other chemicals and allied products__
Rubber and rubber products__ _____
Crude rubber _________________ ____
Tires and tu bes.. ..........
. ........
Miscellaneous rubber products_______
Lumber and wood products____________
Lumber______ _____ _ _______ _
M illwork___________________ _____ _
P lyw ood..
.
______
Pulp, paper, and allied products.. .
W o o d p u lp ._________________
_. _
W astepaper_____. . . ______ _
_.
Paper______________________ . . . _ __
Paperboard____________
.
. . . .
Converted paper and paperboard prod­
ucts__
__________________ . .
Building paper and board____________

102.5 104.4
103.4
97.9
98.0
98.9
96.9 103.8
71.4
71.0
124.4 M25.8
121.8 114.7
122.9 4121.5
98.7 100.8
110.9 112.4
118.7 118.7
104.4 108. L
122.6 124.5

108.7
110.4
104.6
106.7
71.7
125.4
128.0
126.3
102.3
113.8
118.9

108.1
97.7
105.6
109.4
72.3
124.1
108.6
139.2
102.5
113.8
118.9

107.8
107.0
103.1
107.1
90.5
119.3
98.5
135.2
101.3
111.7
115.5

104.2
99.7
94.9
108.5
90.3

104.5
103.3
93.6
110.4
90.3

106.4

107.4
98.0
92.9
116.7
89.5
111.5
116.3
116.6
102.3

104.5
97.5
92.4

103.0
92.2
90.1
109.0
89.6
108.0
118.2

100.3
94.2
87.4
104.0
89.8
107.3
114.0
107.2
99.9
107.6

98.4

91.2
112.4
89.9
111.9

106.8
101.7
90.8
114.2
89.7
112.7
118.5
115.6

94.3
103.2
94.1
84.7
98.3

124.2

124.0

119.8

109.9
116.5

110.9
114.9

110.9
114.8

113.3
115. 0

114.9
113.0

112.7
110.9

110.5
111.3

105.5
110.4

101.0
108.5

107.8
90.8
107.8

105.8 4105.7
112.5 111.6
90.5
90.5
106.2 4108.9
99.2 100.1
102.2 97.0
107.0 <108.2
114.6 115.1
106.3 106.4
105.4 4105.3
102.1 4102.2
103.0 4103.3
105.1 105.6
87.8 4 88.1
161.1 161.1
105.5 4105.3
119.1 118.8

103.7
111.4
90.5
115.9
112.4
107.6
110.4
114.2
106.6
105.2

102.3
110.9
93.5
120.9
127.5
118.4
108.7
114.1
106.6
105.2
102.4
103.3
106.6
89.6
156. 7
<105.2

104.5
109.8
93.5
106.3
113.0
109.8
103.8
114.0
106.2
105.2
102.4
103.0
106.7
90.1
152.1
105.0
123.3

104.9
109.4
93.5
105.8
105.6
104.7
101.9
112.5
105.8
104.9

105.4
109.3
93.5
107.7
105.6
108.5
101.9
113.1
105.7
104.7

104.8
109.3
93.5
115.2
106.7
111.3
102.5
114.0
105.3
104.3

104.8
109.7
93.5

105.2

105.1
108.8
93.4
116.4
100.3
109.1
98.4
114.1
104.2
103.2

105.4
109.2
93.4
115.8
100.9
105 0

104.8

103.0
114.4
105.2
104.0

104.7
109.4
93.5
125.8
106.5
116.1
99.5
114.0
104.6
103.5
101.9

102.1

93.5
126.2
107.6
116.0
102.5
114.1
105.1
103.8

114.2
103.9
103.2
101.9

113.6
102.9
102.5

106.5
90.0
143.8
104.8
124.1

106.4
89.9
140. 9
104.9
124.7

106.3
90.5
151.6
104.7
125.1

106.0
90.8
151.4
104.7
126.3

105.8
91.0
155.3
104.7
124.2

105.9
91.3
147.6
104.6
124.7

105.4
91.9
143.6
104.3
130.0

105.4
92.5
142.2
104.2
127.0

104.3
95.0
134.3
103.7
123.0

122.9
161.0
126.6
118.9
115.7
101.5
97.2
109.4
128.5

163.0
125.1
118.9
115.4
100.4
96.9
107.3
128.3

122.8 120.6

118.7
147.8
123.3
115.4
112.5
99.9
97.5
107.3
128.2
100.4
97.2
97.6
95.2
105.9
89.8
94.4
106.4
105.4
104.7

117.8
152.8
118.0
115.0

116.0
140.0
116.6
114.6
110.3
100.5
98.1
107.3
128.2
100.4
98.3
97.6
95.1
105.9
89.5
94.4
113.1
105.4
103.8

114.6
132.3
114.2
113.8

113.6
126.5
113.3
113.7
109.0
100.3
97.5
107.3
126.8

All commodities_________

-

S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

112.2 111.1 110.0

102.2

103.1
106.1

88.8

158.6
105.1
120.3

121.2
121.2

117.4 4118.7
114.3 120.8
114.1 117.5
120.1 4120.1
115.1 4115.6
102.7 102.6
101.8 4100. 6
112. 0 112.0
130.7 4130. 7
100. 2 100.2
101.3 101.3
97.9
98.0
95.9
95.9
108.0 107.3
90.4
90.2
95.0
95.0
92.0 4 94.5
105.9 106.1
105.0 103.7
101.2 4101. 2
94.6
94.8
87.9
87.4
93.4
93.4
99.2
98.9
103.2 104.8
105.9 4108.0
110.3 110.8
86.9 4 88.1
103.0 103.1
98.0
98.0
92.7
98.8
108.4 108.4
97.2
97.2

94.7
87.9
93.4
99.0
105.9
109.5
110.9
89.2
103.1
98.0
102.9
108.4
97.2

110.9
90.0
103.2
98.0
106.7
108.4
97.2

103.1
93.1

103.0
92.7

4 92.8

103.0
93.0

119.9
134.2

121.8
119.1
115.1

141.2
124.9
119.1
116.0

122.7
156.4
126.0
119.0
116.6
101.4
97.6

102.2 102.0
99.6
98.5
112.0 112.0 112.0
129.2
100.3

101.0

98.0
95.8
106.8
90.3
94.8
103.8
105.8
102.5

101.0

128.9
100.3
100.7
97.9
95.8
106.8
90.5
94.7
105.5
105.4
102.5
100.7
95.1

88.8

93.9
99.0
106.2

110.2

102.8

111.0

112.6
89.6
108.4
99.8
113.5
102.5
110.3

112.6 111.0
90.9
86.9 101.8
122.6 120.2 116.9
110.8
101.1 101.4 102.5 102.1
103.5
110.6 110.5 110.6 111.5 111.8
109.4
114.0 113.0 112.6 112.2 112.1 111.8 111.2 110.6

121.8
104.3
112.0

110.1

101.8

89.6
98.9
91.1
103-5
93.5
112.9
97.6
105.1
109.0

109.0
93.8
113.4
100.9
97.0

101.2 101.2

102.0
90.8
110.1
98.6
101.0

111.8

96.9
95.4
84.5
82.2
89.7
108.9

101.2
101.2
102.2 102.2 102.2 102.1 102.0
101.8 101.2
102.0
102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.5 101.0 101.2 101.0 100.2 99.6

128.3
100.3
99.9
97.9
95.9
106.8
90.4
94.5
105.3
105.5
104.2
100.3
95.1
89.0
93.9
99.0
106.6
110.5
110.7
91.5
103.2
98.0
113.2
108. 2
97.2

92.2
103.0
98.0
112.7
108.0
97.2

102.7
4 92.7

102.4
4 92.4

100.2 100.2
100.2 98.4

97.6
95.8
106.8
89.9
94.3

101.6

105.5
104.8

97.7
96.0
106.2
90.2
94.1
102.5
105.5
106.6

148.8
122.4
118.2
114.4

100.0

94.9
107.3
129.2
100.3
97.7
97.6
95.6
106.2
90.4
94.1
104.0
105.8
105.5

111.6

100.3
98.2
107.3
128.9
100.4
97.8
97.6
95.2
105.9
89.5
94.5

110.0

105.3
104.7

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.2 100.2 100.2
95.4
89.5
94.4
98.9
107.7

112.0
110.6

95.4
90.0
94.4
98.7
109.6
113.2
110.4
100.3
102.7
98.0

112.0
107.1
97.2

95.4
90.0
94.4
98.7
108.4

110.8

109.6
102.4
102.3
98.0
110.3
106.0
97.1

94.3
91.2
91.1
98.7
105.6
107.2
109.3
97.7

101.8

98.0
108.7
105.4
97.0

102.2 102.2 101.6

4 92.4

<92.4

4 92.5

94.1
91.0
91.1
98.5
103.7
105.6
108.4
94.0
101.3
98.0
105.5
105.4
96.7

100.9
4 92.5

93.7
90.0
91.1
97.9

102.8
104.3
107.9
93.9

101.2
98.0
105.8
105.2
96.7

100.8

4 92.5

110.2

ICO. 6
97.6
107.3
128.6
100.7
98.4
97.6
95.5
105.9
89.0
94.6

110.1

105. 5
103.8
99.8
93.5
89.6
91.1
97.7
101.9
103.4
107.9
92.1
100.9
98.1
104.6
104.9
96.5

100.4
4 92. 5

109.2

111.2

108.1
110.7
106.1
98.9
96.5
107.3
124.1

103.0
95.8
117.3

102.8

117.9

104.6
87.5
102.9
108.5
103.1
97.1
96.9
106.3
121.3

100.8 100.8 101.1

98.1
97.5
95.5
105.9
89.0
94.7
106.7
105.2
103.8

100.1
93.5
89.3
91.1
97.7

95.9
97.4
95.0
105.4
89.8
94.4
112.7
105.1
103.5
99.8
92.9
90.0
90.0
97.1

92.7
96.7
94.2
104.7
91.0
95.0
96.8
103.9

101.9
107.7
92.3
99.9
98.1
99.4
104.1
96.4

100.7
108.5
92.3
99.0
96.1
92.4
103.6
96.4

99.3
4 92.7

98.3
4 94.0

100.1
99.4
92.5
90.6
89.0
96.9

101.6 101.1 100.6

103.0
107.8
91.7

100.8
98.1
107.0
104.8
96.5

100.1

4 93.1

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

1450
T able

D -4.

Indexes of wholesale prices,1 by group and subgroup of commodities—Continued
[1957 -5 9 = 1 0 0 , u n le s s o th e r w is e s p e c if i e d ] 2

1966

1965

Annual
average

Commodity group

All commodities except farm and foods—
Continued
Metals and metal products-------- ----------Iron and s te e l_
— - ---------- -Nonferrous metals-------------M etal containers-.. ---------—
Hardware __ ----- Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings.. .
Heating equipment------ ----------- -Fabricated structural metal products _
Fabricated nonstructural metal prod­
___
- ucts___ . .
Machinery and motive products---------- -Agricultural machinery and equipment.
Construction machinery and equip­
-----------------m ent----- ------------Metalworking machinery and equip­
-------m ent___ . ----General purpose machinery and equip­
m ent__ ______________
______
Miscellaneous machinery_________
Special industry machinery and equip­
. . .
ment 6__ _____
Electrical machinery and equipment __
Motor vehicles_____
-----Transportation equipment, railroad
rolling stock6. . - --------------Furniture and other household durables
Household furniture__ _____
Commercial furniture________
- Floor coverings------------------------Household appliances______
_____
Television, radio receivers, and phono­
graphs__
.
_____
----Other household durable goods............
Nonmetallic mineral products----- --------Flat glass________________ _________
Concrete ingredients.- ---------------- - .
Concrete products___________________
Structural clay products------ ---------Gypsum products---------- ------Asphalt roofing ?____________________
Other nonmetallic minerals__________
Tobacco products and bottled beverages. _
Tobacco products___________________
Alcoholic beverages. -----------------------Nonalcoholic beverages___________ .
Miscellaneous products_______________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, am­
m u nition .- _ -_- ----------- _ _ . .
Manufactured animal feeds__________
Notions and accessories..
_ ----------Jewelry, watches, and photographic
equipment__________________ ___
Other miscellaneous products________

N ov.3

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

N ov.

1965

1964

108.9
102.5

108.6

108.4

108.5

108.8

108.7

108.4

108.2

108.0

107.5

107.0

106.6

106.7

105.7

102.8

102.5 102.5 102.7 102.2 102.0 101.8 102.0 102.3 102. 2 102.0 101.7 101.3 101.4
121.0 120.3 119.9 120.4 122.9 123.2 122.5 122.1 120.8 119.5 118.3 117.2 118.7 115.2
110.2 110.1 110.1 110.1 110.1 110.1 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.8 109.8 109.8 108.3 107.6
111.3 110.9 110.3 110.1 109.8 109.8 109.6 108.4 108.3 107.4 107.3 107.2 107.0 106.0
110.5 110.6 110.6 110.0 110.0 108.5 107.9 107.1 105.7 104.9 104.8 104.9 103.6 103.1
92. 5
93.4
92.9
92.1
92.1
91.7
93.3
91.6
91.6
92.9 492. 5
91.8
91.5
91.7
104.8 4104.6 104.4 104.2 104.2 104.1 103.8 103.7 103.1 102.6 102.3 102.0 102.0 101.2
113.2 112.7 112.4 112.3 111.2 111.2 110.9 110.9 110.9 110.5 110.0 109.7 109.8 109.4
107.5 4107.1 106.3
119.7 4118. 5 4118.2

106.2
118.3

120.4

106.0
118.5

105.9
118.4

105.8
118.2

105.0
118.0

104.7
117.8

117.9

104.4
117.3

104.2
117.0

104.1
116.8

103.7
115.1

108.5
102.9
112.9

119.8

119.4

118.9

118.9

118.9

118.9

118.5

117.5

116.9

116.5

116.4

115.3

112.4

125.8 4125.6

125.0

124.0

123.5

123.5

122.5

121.0 121.0 120.8

119.6

118.9

118.6

116.9

112.6

112.2 4111. 8 111.1 110.6 110.0

109.8
106.0

109.3
105.9

108.5
105.7

106.8
105.6

106.8
105.4

106.5
105.4

106.5
105.3

105.1
105.2

104.4
104.5

114.1 4113.9 4113. 2
100.4 499. 5
99.2
101.7 4101. 7 100.1

4112.9 112.2 111.8 110.8 110.0 109.9 109.4 109.1 109.0 108.9
98.8
98.9
98.4
97.8
96.6
99.0
98.2
97.0
99.1
96.5
100.5 100.7 100.7 100.9 100.2 100.3 100.4 100.5 100.5 100.5
101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0
100.1 99.7 99.2 99.1 99.0 98.9 98.9 98.6 98.4 98.4 98.3 98.2 98.0
111.5 4110.3 109.8 109.4 109.1 108.9 108.9 108.3 107.2 107.2 107.0 106.7 106.6

108.0
96.8
100.7

105.9
96.8
100.5

108.0
96.6
88.7

107.3
96.6
488. 6

106.0
96.6
88.9

105.8
96.6
89.0

105.8
96.8
89.2

105.3
97.1
89.4

105.3
97.5
89.4

104.1
97.5
89.3

104.1
97.5
89.1

104.1
97.7
89.0

104.1
97.7
89.0

104.0
97.5

104.0
97.4

100.9
98.0
106.2
103.7
97.7
89.2

100.5
98.5
105.3
103.2
99.4
91.3

83.8
109.4
103.2
102.7
104.3
103.5
107.1
103.5
97.6

83.8
4109.3
103.2

83.3
107.9
103.0

83.5
106.7
102.4

83.8
107.1

83.9
106.8

84.5
106.2

84.5
106.2

103.6
103.0
106.5
102.7
94.4

103.7
102.7
106.3

83.5
106.7
102.3
99.5
103.8
102.7
106.0
101.4
94.8

83.5
106.9

99.2
103.8

99.9
103.7

99.9
103.6

99.9
103.4

99.9
103.4

105.9
101.4
94.8

105.8
101.4
94.8
101.7
108.0
106.6

105.6
101.4
94.6

105.6
97.4
94.6
100.9
107.9
106.0
101.3
128.5
112.5

105.4
98.6
94.6

85.2
105.4
101.7
100.9
103.2
101.5
105.1
104.0
92.8
101.3
107.7
106.2

87.2
104.2
101.5
102.4

103.9
103.6
106.7
102.7
97.6

83.5
107.8
102.7
100.3
103.7
103.1
106.5
102.7
97.6
101.7

83.5
106.7
102.5

4104.3
4103. 5
4106.9
102.7
97.6
4102. 0

83.1
107.8
102.7
99.7
103.8
103.3
106.7
102.7
97.6

107.9 4107. 4

106.8 4106.6 4106. 5

102.1 100.6

100.2 100.2

107.3
105.8

103.7
123.1

88.8 88.6

102.1 102.1 102.0 101.6 101.6

102.2 102.1 102.0 101.8 101.8

102.2
94.4
101.2 101.7 101.8 102.1
101.8
101.1
101.8 101.8
109.4
109.4 109.2
108.1
110.1 110.1 110.1 110.1 110.0 109.8
106.6
110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.2 109.8
101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101. 0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.1
132.2 132.2 132.2 132.2 131.8 131.0 128.5 128.5 128.5 128.5 128.5
118.5 4118. 2 120.4 121.1 120.5 115.7 115.1 113.0 113.1 116.0 114.3

101.0
107.7
106.1
100.9
128.5
113.2

102.8

100.9
104.2
108.2
8 8 .8

111.0

101.5
107.4
106.0
100.7
127.0
109.2

100.8

128.3

101.0

100.8 100.8 100.8 100.8 100.8 101.8 100.8

103.7
119.2
99.8

103.3
119.6
99.8

103.3
124.8
99.8

121.8
99.1

103.1
118.6
99.1

103.0
119.9
99.1

102.7
116.3
99.1

113.9
99.1

105.1
105.2

105.1
105.0

105.1
104.7

105.1
104.9

105.0
105.0

105.1
104.9

105.1
104.7

104.4
103.7

103.5
102.5

104.8 4105. 0
128.4 4128.1
106.2
106.8

105.2
106.0

104.8
132.3

104.9
133.6

105.2
105.9

105.3
105.7

1 A s o f J a n u a r y 1961, n e w w e ig h t s r e fle c tin g 1958 v a lu e s w e r e in tr o d u c e d
in to t h e in d e x . S ee “ W e ig h t R e v is io n s in th e W h o le s a le P r ic e I n d e x 18901960,” Monthly Labor Review, F e b r u a r y 1962, p p . 175-182.
2 A s o f J a n u a r y 1962, t h e in d e x e s w e r e c o n v e r te d from th e fo rm er b a se of
1947-49= 100 to th e n e w b a se o f 1957-5 9 = 1 0 0 . T e c h n ic a l d e ta ils a n d earlier
d a ta o n th e 1957-59 b ase fu r n is h e d u p o n r e q u e s t to th e B u r e a u .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

105.2
118.1

100.5
105.9
105.5
104.8
100.9
92.0
99.3

104.5
132.6

105.5
105.4

103.7
124.1

105.2
105.2

3 P r e lim in a r y .
4 R e v is e d .
5 J a n u a r y 1958= 100.
6 J a n u a r y 1961 = 100.
i

103.2

Formerly titled “prepared asphalt roofing.”

1451

D.—CONSUMER a n d w h o l e s a l e p r i c e s

T a b l e D -5.

Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[19 5 7 -5 9 = 1 0 0 , u n le s s o th e r w is e s p e c if ie d ] 2
1966

1965

A n n u a l a v er a g e

C o m m o d ity gro u p

N ov.3 Oct.
All foods_________
----------- -----------------All fish__________________________ ________________
All commodities except farm products______________
Textile products, excluding hard and bast fiber products5.
Bituminous coal—domestic sizes------ ----------------v Refined petroleum products-----------------------------------East Coast markets. ~ . . ---------- --------------------- -- Midcontinent m a r k e ts------ -- . .
Gulf Coast markets. - _______ . . . . . --------Pacific Coast markets____________ . . . --------M idwest markets 6. . . . . . . .
. ------------- . .
Soap s... . _____________
. . . . ... ...
Synthetic detergents . . . .
. . ... . . .
—
Pharmaceutical preparations----------------------------------Ethical preparations« ... ______ . . . . . . . . .
A nti-infectives6. . . . .
Anti-arthritics6___
. .
Sedatives and hypnotics 6______ _____ . .
Ataractics 6__
Anti-spasmodics and anti-cholinergics 6. ____
Cardiovasculars and anti-hypertensives •____
D iabetics6
.
.
........
Hormones 6___ ._
. . . . _________ _.
D iuretics6 __
..
. . . . ____
___
Derm atologicals6-------- . . . . .
....
Hematinics *_____ . . .
.
....
Analgesics *.....................
Anti-obesity preparations6— . . . .
. ..
Cough and cold preparations 6 --------- . ___
Vitamins 6____ . . . . .
. . . . . . . ___
Proprietary preparations 8 . __ _
_____. . .
V ita m in s • __
. _______ . . .
. . . . . .
___
C o u g h a n d c o ld p r e p a r a tio n s >______
.
.
L a x a tiv e s a n d e lim in a tio n a id s 6 . .
________
I n te r n a l a n a lg e sic s 6___ . . . ____. . . .
T o n ic s a n d a lt e r a t iv e s 6- . . .
. . . . ________
E x te r n a l a n a lg e sic s 6 . . _ _
...
. _ ___
A n t i s e p t i c s 6. .
____
._ . .
. _________
A n t a c i d s 6______
. ...
____ .
-----L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c lu d in g m illw o r k ) ____
S o ftw o o d lu m b e r ___ .
...
. . .
.
-----P u lp , p a p e r , a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts (e x c lu d in g b u ild in g
p a p e r a n d b o a r d )---- ---------------------------------------S p e c ia l m e ta ls a n d m e ta l p r o d u c ts 7.
.
------- . . .
S te e l m ill p r o d u c ts ____________
. . .
..........
M a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t ________ _____ ____ _____
A g r ic u ltu r a l m a c h in e r y (in c lu d in g tr a c to r s )----- ------M e ta lw o r k in g m a c h in e r y ________ __
. . .
..
A ll tr a c to r s ________ _____________ _____ ___ __________
I n d u s tr ia l v a lv e s _______________
____________
I n d u s tr ia l f it t in g s _______ . . . _ . . . ____ _____
. .
A n ti-fr ic tio n b e a r in g s a n d c o m p o n e n t s . . ______
A b r a siv e g r in d in g w h e e ls __________________ . -----------C o n s tr u c tio n m a te r ia ls _________________ _________ _____
1 S ee fo o tn o te 1, ta b le D - 4 .
2 S ee fo o tn o te 2, t a b le D - 4 .
3 P r e lim in a r y .
4 R e v is e d .


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Sept. Aug.

110.6

111.3 114.0
125.0 131.3 131.4
106.3 106.4 106.6
98.0 98.4 98.6
102.06101. 2 99.4
101.3 101.3 101.0
98.1 98.1 98. 1
99.5 98.6 100.2
105.1 105.1 104.9
94.4 96.4 90.4
92.7 92.0 93.3
113.8 113.8 113.8

101.2 101.2 101.2

97.5
94.0
76.0
103.7
118.3
101.4
105.6
94.9
103.8
104.1

97.3
93.8
76.0
103.7
118.3
101.4
105.6
94.9
103.8
104.1

July

June M ay Apr. Mar.

112.4 110.9 109.0 109.1
129.5 129.7 127.2 126.9
106.6 106.2 105.8 105.7
99.0 99.1 98.8 98.7
97.4 95.6 94.5 93.6
100.7 99.9 100.2 98.4
96.4 96.4 96.3 96.3
100.2 100.2 100.2 97.1
104.5 102.4 104.1 100.7
90.4 90.4 87.8 89.4
93.3 93.3 93.3 92.0
113.8 113.7 113.7 113.7
101.2 100.5 99.3 99.3
97.0 96.8 96.6 96.2
93.7 94. 0 93.8 94.1
76.0 77.2 77.2 78.3
103.7 103.7 100.6 100.6
118.3 118.3 118.3 118.3
101.4 101.4 101.4 101.4
102.3 102.3 102.3 102.3
94.9 94.9 94.9 94.9
103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8
104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1

97.2
93.8
76. C
103.7
118.3
101.4
105.6
94.9
103.8
104.1
100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7

Feb.

110.2

110.9 110.8
126.5 126.7 123.2
105.3 105.2 105.1
98.8 98.6 98.5
92.9 97.7 100.0
97.7 97.2 97.8
96.3 98.2 98.2
97.7 93.7 98.9
100.2 98.6 98.6
89.4 89.4 86.8
89.0 93.3 93.9
113.7 113.7 113.7
99.3 99.7 99.7
96.2 96.5 96.5
94.1 95.0 95.0
78.3 82.3 82.3

Jan.

Dec. N ov.

108.9 108.3 106.7
124.5 119.3 119.4
104.6 104.2 103.9
98.3 98.6 98.7
100.0 99.7 99.5
98.3 98.4 98.1
98.2 98.2 96.6
98.5 98.6 98.6
99.7 99.7 99.5
88.3 88.3 89.0
93.8 93.8 93.2
113.7 113.1 113.1
99.7 99.7 100.8
96.5 96.8 97.0
94.9 95.0 95.0
82.3 82.3 82.3

1965
104.5

112.8
102.9
99.1
96.6
95.9
95.3
97.6
95.1
90.6
91.7
112.3
100.5
96.5
94.7
82.0

1964

100.8
101.2

107.4
98.9
96.7
92.7
93.6
89.7
94.0
87.4

88.0

107.1
99.6
97.1
95.4
85.4

100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6
118.3 118.3 118.3 118.3 118.3 118.3
113.3
115.3
101.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
102.3 102.3 102.3 102.3 102.3 102.3
100.2
102.3

94.9 94.9 94.9 94.9 94.9 94.9
103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8
104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1

94.9
103.8
102.3

97.6
103.8

102.7
100.3
100.9
106.0
102.3
9 5 .0
105.2
104.9
102.9
9 9 .8
99.1

103.1
100 .3
101 .0
105.4
1 0 2 .2
100 .2
103.1
108.6
103 .0
9 8 .9
9 9 .3

100.2
104.7
103.3
105.0
116.6
117.4
116.8
105.7
9 0 .8
84.1
9 4 .2
100.8

9 9 .3
102.6
102.8
103 .8
114 .3
112.6
114.4
107 .2
9 2 .7
8 9 .0
9 6 .1
9 9 .6

100.0
110.6 110.6 110.6 110.6 110.6 110.6 110.6 110.6
105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8
102.9 102.9 102.9 102.9 102.9 100.0 100.0 100.0
104.9 101.5 101.5 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9
89.4 89.4 89.4 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1 88.1

100.0
110.6
105.8
100.0
104.4
88.1

100.0
110.6
105.8
100.0
104.4
88.1

100.0
110.6
105.8
100.0
102.1
88.1

100.0
110.6
105.8
100.0
104.4
88.1

100.6
100.0 100.0 100.0
108.7
108.7
110.6 110.0 108.8
105.8
101.8
105.5
100.0 100.0 100.0
104.4
103.5
102.9
88.1 88.1 87.7

100.3 100.3
104.4 104.4
109 .6 109 .6
108.4 108.4
106.0 103 .9
106.9 4106.9
116.3 116.3
103.6 103 .6
101.8 4103. 7
101.4 1 0 3 .2

100.3
102.3
108.9
108.4
101.1
107.5
116.3
103.6
105.1
104.6

100.3
102.3
108.9
107.9
101.1
107.5
116.3
103.6
105.8
105.2

100.3 100.3
102.3 103.9
108.0 108 .0
105.4 104.8
103.2 100.2
107.9 107.9
111.0 111 .0
103.0 103 .0
106.4 107.7
105.8 107.5

100.3
101.2
107.0
104.8
9 2 .8
105.8
101.8
103.0
110.3
109.0

100.3
101.2
107.0
104.8
9 2 .8
105.8
101.8
103.0
109.0
106.5

100.3
100.5
107.0
104.8
9 2 .8
105.8
9 6 .4
102.8
105.1
102.6

100.3
9 9 .9
107.0
102.5
9 2 .8
105.8
101.8
102.8
103.0
100.9

100.3
9 9 .9
107.0
102.5
9 2 .8
105.8
101.8
102.8
102.0
9 9 .9

100.3
102.4
106.9
102.1
9 8 .2
107.3
102.9
102.8
100.9
9 9 .1

100.3
102.4
106.9
102.1
9 8 .2
107.3
108.3
102.8
100.5
99.1

103.4
107.4
105 .2
110. 0
121.6
127.4
121.6
121 .5
100.5
8 3 .7
9 4 .7
104.0

103.6

103.6

103.6

103.1

102.7

102.2

101.7

101.5

101.2

101.1

108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7

107.5 107.5 107. 0 106.8 105.3 105.2 103.0 103.0 102.2 102.1 102.1 103.0 103.7

103 .5

103.4

4107. 2 106.6 106.8 107.0 106.9 106.8 106.5 106.3 106.0 105.7 105.4 105.4
105.1
4109. 4
4120. 2
4127. 2
120.7
1 2 1 .0
100.5
4 83. 4
4 94. 7
104.3

105.1
108.9
119.9
126.4
120.3
118.8
100.5
83 .4
9 5 .0
104.3

105.0
108.5
120.0
125.2
120.0
118.4
99.1
8 3 .2
9 5 .0
104.5

104.5 104.5
108.3 108.1
120.2 120.1
124.4 124.5
120.0 1 2 0 .0
117.4 116.7
9 4 .8
9 3 .9
83.1
83.1
94.1
9 3 .3
104.6 104.8

104.3
107. 8
120.1
122.8
120.0
115.7
9 3 .9
8 3 .0
9 3 .3
105.1

104 .3 104.3 104.2 104.1 103.9
107.2 106.9 106.5 106.0 105.7
119.9 120.0 119.6 119.1 118.7
121.1 120.9 120. 7 120.0 119. 5
119.6 119.4 119.1 118.8 1 1 8 .6
114.2 110.5 109.4 109.3 108.9
9 2 .9
9 2 .9
9 1 .9
92.9
9 1 .9
8 3 .0
8 3 .0
8 3 .7
8 3 .0
8 4 .0
9 3 .3
9 3 .3
9 3 .3
93 .3
9 3 .3
104.3 103.2 102.4 101.9 101 .4

103.6
105.5
118. 5
119.3
118.4
109.4
91 .9
8 3 .7
9 3 .4
101.3

5 F o r m e r ly t it l e d “ t e x tile p r o d u c ts , e x c lu d in g h a rd fib e r p r o d u c t s .”
6 N e w series. J a n u a r y 1961= 100.
i M e ta ls a n d m e ta l p r o d u c ts, a g r ic u ltu r a l m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t , a n d
m o to r v e h ic le s .

1452
T able

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , DECEM BER 1966

D -6.

Indexes of wholesale prices,1 by stage of processing and durability of product
[1957-59=100] 2
1966

Commodity group
N ov.3 Oct. Sept. Aug.
All commodities.

July June

1965
May

Apr. Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Annual average

Dec. N ov.

105.9 106.2 106.8 106.8 106.4 105.7 105.6 105.5 105.4 105.4 104.6 104.1 103.5

1965

1964

102.5

100.5

98.9
98.3
99.8

94 1
91 Q
97.8

Stage of processing

Crude materials for further processing___ _______
Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs____________
Crude nonfood materials except fuel_________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for
manufacturing__________ _________
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for
construction............... .......... ...............
Crude fuel___ _____________________
Crude fuel for manufacturing___________
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing...... ..........
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components__
Intermediate materials and components formanu­
facturing____________________ _____
Intermediate materials forfoodmanufacturing.
Intermediate materials for nondurable manu­
facturing____ ___________________
Intermediate materials for durable manu­
facturing_______________________
Components for manufacturing_________
Materials and components for construction____
Processed fuels and lubricants_____ ___ ___
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufac­
turing___________ __________ ___
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanu­
facturing________ _________ _____
Containers, nonreturnable..................... .......
Supplies............... ........... ................... ......
Supplies for manufacturing..___ _______
Supplies for nonmanufacturing____ ___ _
Manufactured animal feeds_________
Other supplies....................................
Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods
and fuels)________________________ ___
Consumer finished goods________________
Consumer foods__________ _________
Consumer crude foods........... ..............
Consumer processed foods__________
Consumer other nondurable goods_______
Consumer durable goods____ ___ _____ _
Producer finished goods_________________
Producer finished goods for manufacturing__
Producer finished goods fornonmanufacturing.

101.0

103.6 106.1 107.4 107.8 105.6 105.7 106.3 106.9 107.5 105.2 103.2 100.8
102.5 <106.2 109.9 111.2 109.1 106.0 106.5 107.5 108.3 109.6 106.8 104.1 100.7
97.6 98.2 98.9 100.2 105.7 105.1 104.5 104.5 104.6 103.8 102.2 101.3 100.7
97.0

97.7

98.5

100.0

106.1 105.4 104.7 104.7 104.8 104.0

104.3
108. £
108.8
109.1

<104.3
<108.1
<108.1
<108.3

103.9
107.0
107.0
107.2

103.8
106.2
106.2
106.4

103.7
105.5
105.5
105.6

102.2 101.2 100.6

99.5

97.4

103.4
104.8
104.7
105.0

103.2
103.3
103. 2
103.5

102 8

105.3 105.3 105.6 105.8 105.4 104.9 104.8 104.3 103.9 103.8 103.4 103.0 103.0

102.2
102.0

100.9

103.6
105.3
105.3
105.5

103.7
105.0
105.0
105.2

103.9
104. C
103.9
104.2

103.8
105.2
105.1
105.5

103.8
105.9
105.8
106.2

103.6
105.6
105.5
105.9

103.4
105. 4
105.3
105.7

104.4 104.3 104.6 104.8 104.4 104.1 104.1 103.7 103.4 103.2 102.8 102.6 102.5
111.4 <111.6 113.6 114.8 111.9 110.0 109.8 110.1 HO. 8 111.1 109.7 108.8 108.1
99.2

99.5

99.8

100.1 100.2 100.0

99.7

99.4

99.2

99.0

98.9

98.9

98.8

106.9 106.8 106.8 106.9 106.6 106.7 106.8 106.6 106.1 105.8 105.5 105.2 105.3
106.5 <105.9 105.5 105.4 105.1 105.0 104.8 104.1 103.3 102.9 102.5 102.3 102.2
104.3 104.5 104.6 104.6 104.5 104.5 104.8 104.3 103.4 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.8
102.5 102.6 102.1 102.1 101.7 101.8 100.7 100.3 99.8 100.2 100.7 100.9 100.8
103.4 <103.5 103.1 103.1

100.8 100.9 100.5
105.2 <105.1 104.9
111.6 <111.5 112.8
109.5 <109.5 109.7
111.8 111.6 113.4
121.2 <120.9 125.0

100.4
104.9
113.3
109.5
114.1
126.3
103.9 103.9 104.3 104.6

102.8 102.8
99.9 100.2
105.1 105.1
112.7 110.0

109.6
113.3
125.0
104.1

109.2
109.7
116.9
103.4

107.5 107.0 106.4
107.1 106.4 105.7
112.8 111.2 109.5
105.3 106.0 99.3
114.0 112.0 111.1
105.2 105.0 104.9

106.6

97.8
102 5
99 7
100 fi
98.1

101.2

101.5 101.9

102.1 102.0 101.0

97.9
105.1
108.3
108.3
107.6
112.4

102.8

97.4
104.8
108.0
108.0
107.4
112.7
102.3

97.9
104.3
109.3
107.7
109.3
117.7

102.1

98.7
104.2
108.2
107.3
108.0
114.8
101.9

98.8
104.1
107.0
106.6
106.6
111.7

106.2
105.6
109.6
99.9

106.3
105.9
110.7
107.8

106.4
106.1
111.5
107.6

105.6 105.3 104.7
105. 2 104.9 104.2
109.5 108.9 107.2
101.0 102.6 102.7
110.8 109.9 107.8
103.9 103.7 103.6
99.7 99.6 99.6
106.2 106.0 105.9
109.1 108.8 108.7
103.3 103.2 103.1

104.6
104.5
104.4
104.5
104.3
105.3
108.2
105.1

104.5 104.3 104.1
100.1 100.2 100.1 100.2 99.8 99.7
108.3 108.1 107.9 107.6 107.0 106.8
111.7 111.4 111.2 110.8 110.0 109.8
104.7 104.7 104.6 104.4 103.8 103.7

106.3
106.0
111.5
105.6
112.4
104.0
99.7
106.6
109.6
103.5

106.8
105.1
106.1
106.9
105.3
104.6
106.3
104.6

106.2
107.0
106.4
106.3
106.5
108.2
105.0
108.4

104.9
105.5
104.9
104.8
104.8
107.5
111.4
107.3

111.1 111.2 112.1

101.6 101.2

100 4
104.0

98.7

98.7
105.1
109.5
108.9
109.2
116.0
103.0

107.7 <107.8 108.1
106.9 <107.2 107.8
111.3 112.2 114.5
112.2 <108.1 116.6
111.1 112.8 114.2
105.7 105.5 105.4
101.1 <100.9 100.0
109.6 <109.1 108.4
113.2 <112.7 112.0
105.9 <105.4 104.8

102.8

104.6
101.3
101.4
99.5

101.9 101.7

98.7
103.3
107.2
106.5
106.9
113.1

102 ¿5
102.4

99.8

97.1

95 2

106. 0
106.1
105.4
109.7
100.9

105 0
105.5
104.2
107.4
100.4

103.6
102. 8
104.5

101.8
100 9
100 fi

99.6
105.4
108.0
102.9

99 9
104.1
106.2

103.7
101.5

102.4
99.1

103.7
101.9
100.7
104.7
ICO. 5

102.5
99.7
97.5
98.0
97.5

102.1 100.2

100.2 99.8
100 7
105.2
102.8 101.6

102.0

Durability of product

Total durable goods__ ___ _______ ________
Total nondurable goods____________________
Total manufactures______________________
Durable manufactures__________________
Nondurable manufactures_______________
Total raw or slightly processed goods___________
Durable raw or slightly processed goods___
Nondurable raw or slightly processed goods...

1See footnote 1, tablé D-4.
2See footnote 2, table D -4.
3Preliminary.
4Revised.


https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

<106.6
105.8
<106.3
<106.7
<105.8
106.0
105.6
106.0

106.2
107.1
106.4
106.3
106.5
108.4
104.4
108.7

106.2
106.4
106.0
106.1
105.8
108.2
112.4
108.0

106.2
105.2
105.6
106.1
105.1
105.8
112.4
105.4

106.1
105.0
105.5
106.1
104.8
105.8

105.7
105.1
105.1
105.6
104.6
107.0
110.1 113.9
105.6 106.6

105.3
105.3
105.0
105.1
104.7
107.3
114.7
106.9

104.2
103.9
104.1
104.2
103.8
104.0
105.4
104.0

104.2
102.9
103.7
104.2
103.2
102.4
106.5

102.2

102.8 101.1

N ote: For description of the series by stage of processing, see “N ew BLS
Economic Sector Indexes of Wholesale Prices,” Monthly Labor Review,
December 1955, pp. 1448-1453; and by durability of product and data begin­
ning with 1947, see Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, 1957 (BLS Bulletin
1235, 1958).

E.—WORK STOPPAGES

1453

E.—Work Stoppages
T a b l e E - l.

W ork stoppages resulting from labor-managem ent disputes 1
N u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s

W o rk er s in v o lv e d in s to p p a g e s

M a n -d a y s id le d u r in g m o n th
or y e a r

M o n t h a n d y ea r
B e g in n in g in
m o n th or y ear

I n e ffe c t d u r ­
in g m o n th

B e g in n in g in
m o n th or y ea r

1935-39 (av era g e ) _______________________________________ - .
1947-49 (a v era g e )
_ ______________________________
1945
'
~
_____________________ __________
1946
_____________________________________
1947
. __________________________________
1948
_____________________________________
1949
____________________________________
1950
_
_____________________________________
1951
.
_____________________________________
1952
_________________________________
1953 .
.
- - ____________
________________________
1954
.
. . ___ _____________________________
1955 ___________ ________ ________________________________
1956 .
. . _________________________________
1957 .
. ______________________________________________
___ ___________________________
1958
. . .
1959 _
.
_____________________________________
I960
____ - ______________________________
1961 .
...
_____________________________________
1962 .
________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
1963 .
1964
.........................................
......................
.......... . .
J a n u a r y ____ ___________________________________________
F e b r u a r y ______________________________________________
M a r c h _________________________________________________
A p r il... ------------------- ---------------------- - ------- ----------- .
M a y ___________________________________________________
J u n e ...............................................— ............... ......... .........................
J u l y . . . . ....................... .....................................— ............................
A u g u s t ________________________________ _____ _____ _____
S e p te m b e r _______ . . . ---------------------------------------------- . .
O c to b e r .. ------------- -------------------------------------------------------N o v e m b e r _____________________________ . . . . ________
D e c e m b e r ........... ............................................................. .................

2,862
3,5 7 3
4', 750
4,985
3,693
3,4 1 9
3,606
4,8 4 3
4,737
5,117
5,091
3,468
4,320
3,8 2 5
3,673
3,694
3,7 0 8
3! 333
3,3 6 7
3 ,614
3,3 6 2
3,6 5 5
211
233
241
364
442
376
416
306
336
346
238
146

375
375
399
529
651
586
639
556
574
584
469
346

1,13 0 .0 0 0
2,380, 000
3 ,4 7 0 ,0 0 0
4 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 ,1 7 0 .0 0 0
1 ,960.000
3 ,0 3 0 ,0 0 0
2 .4 1 0 ,0 0 0
2 ,2 2 0 .0 0 0
3 ,5 4 0 ,0 0 0
2,400. 000
1,530,000
2,650. 000
1,900. 000
1,390. 000
2, 060. 000
1 ,8 8 0 .0 0 0
1,3 2 0 .0 0 0
1 ,4 5 0 ,0 0 0
L 230.000
' 941,000
1,64 0 ,0 0 0
5 3 ,300
80. 600
79,300
140,000
192, 000
124, 000
126, 000
73,100
3 7 4,000
214.000
141,000
4 2 ,0 0 0

1965: J a n u a r y ____________________________ ___________________
F e b r u a r y ______________________________________________
M a r c h _________________________________________________
A p r il_____ __ _______________ . . ------------------------M a y __________
___ ______
__ __
_____ _
J u n e __________________________________________
______
J u l y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------A u g u s t -------------------------------------------------------------------------S e p te m b e r -------------------------------------------------------------------O c to b e r ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------N o v e m b e r ________ ____________________________________
D e c e m b e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------

244
208
329
390
450
425
416
388
345
321
289
158

404
393
511
603
669
677
702
685
631
570
505
371

1966: J a n u a r y 2----------------------------------------------------------------------F e b r u a r y 2_______________ _
. . . __________
___
M a r c h 2_____
_____ . ... . _____________________ . .
A p r i l 2_____ . . ----------------------------------------------------------M a y 2_____________________________________ ... -----J u n e 2. . _______________________________ . . .
________
J u ly 2----------------------------------------------------------------------------A u g u s t 2----------------------- --------------------------------------S e p t e m b e r 2. ______________________ ________________
O c to b e r 2____________________ _ _ _ ------------------------

205
240
310
350
480
430
420
440
380
390

335
380
450
500
640
660
660
700
620
630

i T h e d a ta in c lu d e a ll k n o w n str ik e s or lo c k o u ts in v o lv in g 6 w o rk ers or
m ore a n d la s tin g a fu ll d a y or s h ift or lo n g er . F ig u r e s o n w o rk ers in v o lv e d
a n d m a n -d a y s id le co v e r a ll w o rk ers m a d e id le for a s lo n g a s 1 s h ift in e s ta b ­
lis h m e n ts d ir e c tly in v o lv e d in a s to p p a g e . T h e y d o n o t m e a su re th e in d ir e c t

I n e ffe c t d u r ­
in g m o n th

N um b er

91,400
116,000
123, 000
187, 000
249.000
2 2 2,000
195, 000
133,000
4 3 2,000
549.000
2 7 4 ,0 0 0
149,000

1 6,900,000
39,701 000
3 8 .000 000
116,000.000
3 4 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0
3 4 ,1 0 0 .0 0 0
50,50 0 .0 0 0
3 8 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 2 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0
59,10 0 .0 0 0
28,3 0 0 .0 0 0
22,600. 000
2 8 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0
3 3 .1 0 0 ,0 0 0
16.500,000
2 3 .9 0 0 ,0 0 0
69,000. 000
19,10 0 .0 0 0
1 6,300,000
18.600, 000
16,100. 000
2 2 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0
898, 000
1,040. 000
816. 000
1,170. 000
2,400. 000
1, 900, 000
1, 7 4 0.000
1 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0
2, 390, 000
6 ,5 9 0 ,0 0 0
1, 7 3 0,000
1, 06 0 ,0 0 0

n 27
46
47
1 43
41
37
59
44
23
57
26
21
26
29
. 14
22
61
17
14
. 16
.1 3
. 18
.0 9
.1 1
.0 8
.1 1
.2 4
.1 8
.1 5
.1 2
.2 3
.61
.1 7
.1 0

98,800
45,100
180,000
141,000
127, 000
268,000
156,000
109,000
155,000
101,000
140,000
24,300

183,000
149. 000
274,000
194,000
201. 000
354,000
334,000
229,000
250.000
209,000
192.000
75,800

1,740. 000
1,440. 000
1,770. 000
1,840. 000
1,850, 000
2, 590, 000
3, 670 000
2, 230,000
2 ,1 1 0 ,0 0 0
1, 770, 000
1,380, 000
907,000

.1 8
.1 5
.1 6
.1 7
.1 9
.2 3
.3 4
.2 0
.2 0
.1 6
.1 3
.0 8

101, 000
107. 000
198, 000
228,000
20 8 ,0 0 0
150,000
235,000
108, 000
117, 000
193, 000

127, 000
142. 000
236, 000
379,000
294, 000
243, 000
299,000
331,000
221, 000
260, 000

1,000, 000
865, 000
1 ,3 5 0 ,0 0 0
2,450, 000
2 ,8 7 0 ,0 0 0
1 ,9 5 0 ,0 0 0
2,9 8 0 ,0 0 0
3 ,4 2 0 , 000
1,9 5 0 , 000
2 ,2 9 0 , 000

.0 9
.0 9
.1 1
.2 3
.2 6
.1 7
.2 8
.2 8
.1 7
.2 0

or s e c o n d a r y e ffe c t o n o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts or in d u s tr ie s w h o s e e m p lo y e e s
a re m a d e id le a s a r e s u lt o f m a te r ia l or se r v ic e sh o r ta g es.
2 P r e lim in a r y .

Note
Publication of monthly and quarterly work-injury frequency rates for manufacturing
industries (table F -l) ended with those in the October issue. The survey from which
these data came has been discontinued. Annual frequency and severity rates for manu­
facturing and nonmanufacturing industries will continue to be compiled and will be
available upon request.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

P ercen t of
e s tim a te d
w o r k in g t im e

Index to Volume 89
January to December 1966
[Issues and page numbers in italics ]

AFL-CIO. Sixth Biennial Convention of the AFL-CIO.
Feb. 1U -H 6.
AGRICULTURE
Farm Manpower: Some Observations on 1965. Feb. Hi.
The Farm Workers’ Transition to Industry. Jan. 34-35.
AIRLINES. The Pilot’s Dilemma. Mar. 264-267.
AMERICAN Assembly. Papers from. New Public Ex­

pectations ; Strategies for Decentralization; A Double
Arbitration Standard. Dec. 1385-1388.
ANARCHISM. The Word and the Deed—Anarchism Re­
visited. Jan. 15-18.
ANTITRUST laws

Cedar Crest Hats, Inc. v. United Hatters (U.S. Ct. of
App.). Sept. 1003-1004.
Pennington v. Mine Workers (U.S. Dist. Ct.). Nov. 1269.
APPRENTICESHIP. Trends in European Apprentice­
ship. Apr. 396-397.
ARBITRATION. Cooperation and Arbitration in the
Federal Service. June 6I4.
ARBITRATOR’S ruling. Discharge for Klan activities.
In re Baltimore Transit Co. and Amalgamated Transit
Union, Division 1300, AAA Cast No. L-48889 PHI-L742-65. Nov. 1269-1270.
AUTOMATION. (See Technological change.)
AUTOMOBILE industry
Introductory Prices of 1966 Automobile Models. (Tech­
nical Note). Feb. 178-181.
Trade Legislation and Adjustment Assistance. Deo. iii-iv.

AUTOWORKERS

The Decision to Retire: A Canvass of Possibilities.
Jan. in.

The UAW’s 20th Constitutional Convention. July 733-735.
BARGAINING

Appropriate unit. New Deal Cab Co., Inc. and Jason
Whittaker (150 NLRB No. 111). Nov. 1270-1271.
Bargaining and Wages in Local Cartage. Oct. 1076-1084.
Bargaining by Civil Servants in Canada. June 603-606.
Bargaining Prospects for Major Symphony Orchestras.
May 48I-484.

Settlement of Disputes in Public Employment. Apr. iii-iv.
Summer School Short Course in Teacher Negotiations, A.
Aug. 847-850.

Union Structure in Municipal Collective Bargaining.
June 606—608.

The Wage Calendar for 1967. Dec. 1339-1361.
1966 West Coast Longshore Negotiations. Oct. 1067-1075.
BOX industry. (See Containers.)
CANADA
Bargaining by Civil Servants in Canada. June 603-606.
Canadian Automation Code, A. May 520-522.
Education and Economic Growth in Canada. Apr.
377-380.

Trade Legislation and Adjustment Assistance. Dec. iiiiv.

CANDY industry. Wages in Paint, Candy, and Southern
Sawmill Industries. Aug. 881-886.
CIGARETTE manufacturing. Earnings in Cigarette
Manufacturing. Jan. 40-4%•
CIVIL servants. (See Public employment.)
CLOTHING industry.
Earnings in Women’s and Misses’ Coat and Suit Industry.
July 769-771.

Wages in Synthetic Fibers, Textile Finishing, and Dress
Manufacturing. Nov. 1255-1261.
COLLECTIVE bargaining. (See Bargaining.)
COMPENSATION (See Earnings.)
CONFERENCES, conventions, etc.
AFL-CIO. Sixth biennial convention, December 1965.
Feb. I44-I46.

American Assembly conference on collective bargaining,
November 1966. Dec. 1385-1388.
Industrial Relations Research Association :
----- . Annual meeting, December 1965. Feb. 126-131,
Mar. 264-271.

-----. Spring meeting, May 1966. June 603-623.
International Labor Organization, 50th Session, June 1966.
Aug. 84I-846.

Guideposts, Wages, and Collective Bargaining. June

State, County, and Municipal Employees’ Biennial Con­
vention, April 1966. July 736-738.
Summer School Short Course in Teacher Negotiations,
June 1966. Aug. 847-850.
Teamsters. 19th international convention, July 1966.

Makeup of bargaining teams. McLeod v. General Electric
Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Nov. 1271-1272.
Management Rights Provisions in Major Agreements.

United Auto Workers. 20th Constitutional Convention,
May 1966. July 733-735.
University of Chicago Guidelines Conference, April 1966.

NLRB and Duty to Bargain, The. Nov. 1241-1245.
Prevalence of Escalator Clauses, The. Sept, iii-iv.
Representation Among Teachers. July 728-732.
Representing the Teachers’ Interests. June 617-623.
Research on Municipal Collective Bargaining; June

CONSTRUCTION industry
Costs and Prices in Construction. Mar. 281-282.
The Low-Cost Housing Market. Dec. 1362-1368.
Reducing Seasonal Unemployment. Sept. 990-993.
CONSUMER behavior
Prices in Poor Neighborhoods. Oct. 1085-1090.

Collective Bargaining by Public Employees. June 610-612.
Developments in Federal Union-Management Relations.
June 613.

630-633.

Feb. 170-174.

615—616.

1454


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

July iii-iv.

June 624-637.

INDEX TO VOLUME 89
U.S.S.R. Worktime Requirements for Consumer Pur­
chases. July 772-773.
CONTAINER industry. Wages in Paperboard Container
and Box Plants. Jan. 43-47.
CONTRACT cleaning. Earnings in Contract Cleaning
Services, Summer 1965. June 656-658.
COST of living (See Indexes ; Consumer behavior.)

1455
Wirtz v. Local 545, Operating Engineers (U.S. Ct. of
App.). Dec. 1391.
Railway Labor Act

Railway Clerks v. Florida East Coast Ry. (U.S. Sup. Ct.).
July 776-777.
Selective Training and Service Act

DECISIONS, Court
Antitrust Laws

Accardi v. Pennsylvania R.R. Co. (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Apr.

Cedar Crest Hats, Inc. v. United Hatters (U.S. Ct. of
App.). Sept. 1003-1004.
Pennington v. Mine Workers (U.S. Dist. Ct.). Nov. 1269.

Other

417-418.

Chambers v. Hendersonville City Board of Education
(U.S. Ct. of App.). Oct. 1128-1129.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Chemical Workers v. Planters Manufacturing Co. (U.S.
Dist. Ct.). Dec. 1391-1392.
Robert Hall v. Werthan Bag Corp. (U.S. Dist. Ct.).
May 534-

Fair Labor Standards Act

Wirtz v. First National Bank and Trust Co. (U.S. Ct. of
App.). Nov. 1271.
Labor Management Relations Act

American Motors Corp. v. Wisconsin Employment Board
(Wis. Sup. Ct.). Dec. 1392.
Automobile Workers v. Scofield (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Feb.
186- 187.

Cedar Crest Hats, Inc. v. United Hatters (U.S. Ct. of
App.). Sept. 1003-1004Construction & General Laborers Local 438 v. Hardy Engi­
neering and Construction Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Mar.
305-306.

Dennis v. United States (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Aug. 892-893.
Fabri-Tek, Inc. v. NLRB (U.S. Ct. of App.). Jan. 62-63.
General Motors Corp. v. Mendicki (U.S. Ct. of App.).
Dec. 1392-1393.

Hanna Mining Co. v. District 2, Marine Engineers Bene­
ficial Association (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Feb. 186.
Linn v. United Plant Guard Workers Local 114 (U.S. Sup.
Ct.). May 532-533.
McLeod v. General Electric Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Nov.

DECISIONS, National Labor Relations Board
Building and Construction Trades Council and Markwell
and Hartz, Inc. (155 NLRB No. 42). Jan. 62.
Electrical Workers (IBEW) v. Universal Manufacturing
Co. (156 NLRB No. 132). Apr. 416-417.
Excelsior Underwear, Inc. and Amalgamated Clothing
Workers; K. L. Kellog & Sons and Operating Engineers,
Locals 3 and 12 (156 NLRB No. 111). Apr. 415-416.
General Electric Co. and Electrical Workers (IUE) ; Mc­
Culloch Corp. and Automobile Workers (156 NLRB
No. 112). Apr.416.
H. R. Huntting Co., Inc. and Snow. (NLRB Case No.
l-RD-450). Feb. 188.
J. P. Stevens and Co., Inc. and Industrial Union Depart­
ment, AFL-CIO (157 NLRB No. 90). May 533-534New Deal Cab Co., Inc. and Jason Whittaker (150 NLRB
No. I l l ). Nov. 1270-1271.
Painters Local 720 and J. M. Miller Decorating Co. (156
NLRB No. 32). Mar. 305.
DISABILITY. Disability Benefits Under Private Pen­
sion Plans. Apr. 389-395.
DUE process. Potter v. Castle Construction Co. (U.S. Ct.
of App.). Mar. 304EARNINGS

General

187- 188.

The British Incomes Experience. June 634-637.
The Changing Structure of Compensation. Sept. 953-958.
Earnings and Hours in Southern Metropolitan Areas, June
1965. Sept. 984-989.
The Effects of Employment Redistribution on Earnings.

893-894-

Geographic Study of Employment and Earnings From
1939 to 1964. Feb. 132-137.
Metropolitan Area Pay Levels and Trends in 1965. Jan.

1271-1272.

Mine Workers v. Gibbs (U.S. Sup. Ct.). July 777-779.
NLRB v. Delight Bakery, Inc. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Feb.
NLRB v. Harrah’s Club (U.S. Ct. of App.). Sept. 1004.
NLRB v. Lipman Bros. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Mar. 306.
NLRB v. Local 2, Plumbers (U.S. Ct. of App.). Aug.
NLRB v. Nelson Manufacturing Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.).

Oct. 1129.
NLRB v. Schnell Tool & Die Corp. (U.S. Ct. of App.).
July 779.
NLRB v. Tonkin Corp. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Jan. 64Potter v. Castle Construction Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Mar.
304Pulliam v. Bond (Mo. Sup. Ct.). Dec. 1393.
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act

Dennis v. United States (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Aug. 892-893.
Hurwitz v. Directors Guild (U.S. Dist. CL). Jan. 63-64Pulliam v. Bond (Mo. Sup. Ct.). Dec. 1393.
Ryan v. Electrical Workers (IBEW). (U.S. Ct. of App.).
Sept. 1002-1003.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

July 744-748.

22-28.

Wages in Nonmetropolitan Areas of Two Regions. Oct.
1116-1121.
Specified Industries and Occupations

Candy manufacturing. Earnings, September 1965. Aug.
883-885.

Cartage. Bargaining and Wages in Local Cartage. Oct.
1076-1084-

Cigarette manufacturing. Earning, July-August 1965.
Jan. 40~4%-

Coat and suit industry. Earnings in Women’s and Misses’
Coat and Suit Industry, August 1965. July 769-771.
Container industry. Wages in Paperboard Container and
Box Plants, November 1964. Jan. 43-47-

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1456
Contract cleaning. Earnings, Summer 1965. June 656658.

Dress

manufacturing. Earnings,

March

1966. Nov.

1255-1261.

Footwear plant. Earnings, April 1965. Mar. 296-299.
Foundries, nonferrous. Earnings, June-July 1965. June
653-655.

Furniture, wood household. Earnings, May-June 1965.
Apr. 398-400.

Industrial chemicals. Earnings, November 1965. Sept.
994-999.

Machinery industries. Earnings, April-June 1965. Jan.
36-39.

Manufacturing. Wage Developments, 1965. Aug. 871876.

Nursing homes. Earnings, April 1965. Mar. 291-295.
Paint and varnish manufacturing. Earnings, 1965. Aug.
881-883.

Paperboard containers and box plants. Wages, Novem­
ber 1964. Jan. 43-47.
Petroleum refining. Earnings, December 1965. Sept.
994-999.

Retail trade. Earnings and hours, June 1965. July 754759, Aug. 877-880.

Southern sawmills. Earnings, October 1965. Aug. 885886 .
Synthetic fibers. Earnings, February-April 1966. Nov.
1255-1261.

Teachers. Long-Term Trends in Urban Teachers’ Com­
pensation. Nov. 1223-1229.
Textile finishing. Earnings, Winter 1965-66. Nov. 1255-

The Effects of Employment Redistribution on Earnings.
July 744-748.

EQUAL employment opportunity
Discrimination in employment of teachers. Chambers v.
Hendersonville City Board of Education (U.S. Ct. of
App.). Oct, 1128-1129.
Preferential hiring. NLRB v. Local 2, Plumbers (U.S.
Ct. of App.). Aug. 893-894■
ESCALATOR clauses. Prevalence of. Sept, iiir-iv.
EUROPE. Trends in European Apprenticeship. Apr.
396-397.
See also separate countries.

FAIR Labor Standards Act
Coverage. Wirtz v. First National Bank and Trust Co.
(U.S. Ct. of App.). Nov. 1271.
See also Decisions.
FARMING (See Agriculture.)
FEDERAL service (See Public employment.)
FOOTWEAR
Footwear Plant Earnings in April 1965. Mar. 296-299.
Output Per Man-Hour in the Footwear Industry.
A p r . 401-404-

FOUNDRIES. Earnings in Nonferrous Foundries in
June-July 1965. June 653-655.
FRINGE benefits (See Supplemental benefits.)
FURNITURE. Earnings in Wood Household Furniture,
May-June 1965. Apr. 398-400.

1261.

GREAT BRITAIN
The British Incomes Experience. June 634-637.
British Prices and Incomes Freeze. Oct. iii-iv.
British Railway Workers. Mar. iiir-iv.
Colored Minorities and Present British Policies.

765.

Paid Vacations and Holidays in the United Kingdom.

1076-1084.

GRIEVANCES. Grievance Procedures in the Federal
Service. June 609.
GROWTH. Industrial Growth in Areas of Chronic Un­
employment. May 4^5-490.
GUIDEPOSTS
Papers From a Guidelines Conference. June 624-637.
Recommendations for Periodic Evaluation of Guideposts.

Textiles:
-----. Cotton. Earnings, September 1965. July 765-768.
-----. Synthetic. Earnings, September 1965. July 762Trucking. Bargaining and Wages in Local Cartage. Oct.
White-collar. Trends in White-Collar Salaries, 1961-66.
Nov. 1250-1254.

-----. Pay supplements. May 496-502.
ECONOMIC planning
British Incomes Experience, The. June 634-637.
British Prices and Incomes Freeze. Oct. iiir-iv.
Education and Economic Growth in Canada. Apr. 377380.

Guideposts, Wages, and Collective Bargaining. June 630633.

Labor Aspects of the Economic Reform in the Soviet
Union. June 597-602.
Manpower Development and Incentives to Change. Oct.
1123-1125.

The 1966 Economic Report. Mar. 278-282.
Where We Are and Why. June 624-629.
EDUCATION and training

Conceptual Issues in Evaluating Training Programs.
Oct. 1091-1097.

Education and Economic Growth in Canada. Apr. 377380.

Educational Attainment of Workers in March 1965. Mar.
250-257.

Training in Service Occupations. May 523-527.
See also Teachers.
EMPLOYMENT

Changing Patterns in Employment of Nonwhite Workers.
May 503^509.

Employment of High School Graduates and Dropouts in
1965. June 643-649.
Employment of School Age Youth, October 1965. July
739-743.

Geographic Study of Employment and Earnings From
1939 to 1964. Feh. 132-137.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Oct. 1111-1115.

Mar. 272-273.

Oct. 1122.

The 1966 Economic Report: The Guideposts Restated.
Mar. 278-282.

HEALTH
Adapting

Group

Health

Insurance

to

Medicare.

May 401-405.

Changes in Negotiated Health and Insurance Plans,
1962-66. Nov. 1246-1249.
Health Insurance Coverage for Workers on Layoff.
Aug. 851-855.

HOURS of work
Earnings and Hours in Southern Metropolitan Areas,
June 1965. Sept. 984-989.
Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trade.
July 754-759, Aug. 877-880.

Leisure and the Long Workweek. July 721-727.
Overtime Hours and Premium Pay, May 1965. Sept.
973-977.

U.S.S.R. Worktime Requirements for Consumer Pur­
chases. July 772-773.
HOUSING
The Low-Cost Housing Market. Dec. 1362-1368.
Prices in Poor Neighborhoods. Oct. 1085-1090.
INCOME (See Earnings.)
INCOME tax (See Tax.)
INDEXES
Research and Development Price Indexes.
Note). Jan. 57-61.

(Technical

1457

INDEX TO VOLUME 89
Consumer Price Index

Youth

Effect of Taxes on the CPI (Technical Note). Feb. 182-

Employment of High School Graduates and Dropouts in
1965. June 643-649.
Employment of School Age Youth, October 1965. July

185.

Introductory Prices of the 1966 Automobile Models (Tech­
nical Note). Feb. 178-181.
Seasonally Adjusted CPI Components (Technical Note).

739-743.

Aug. 887-889.
INDUSTRIAL chemicals. Wages in Industrial Chemi­
cals and Petroleum Refining. Sept. 994-999.
INDUSTRIAL growth (See Growth.)
INDUSTRIAL Relations Research Association: Papers

Out-of-School Youth—Two Years Later. Aug. 860-866.
See also Manpower planning ; Unemployment ; and
specific occupations.
LABOR force projections
-----. By color, 1970-80. Sept. 965-972.
■
-----. By State, 1970 and 1980. Oct. 1098-U04t 1149-

Annual Meeting

LABOR-management relations
Developments in Federal Union-Management Relations.

from meetings.

1175.

Airline and Maritime Job Security Problems. Mar. 264*271.

AAture of Maritime Manpower. Mar. 268-271.
Marginal Notes. Feb. 125.
Pension Fund Investment: Both Sides of the Coin. Feb.
128-129.

Program Proposals for Manpower Policy. Feb. 130-131.
Seniority as Security : A Rationale. Feb. 127-128.
Shifting Concepts of Worker Security. Feb. 126.
Spring Meeting

June 613.

Management Rights Provisions in Major Agreements.
Feb. 170-171.

Privileged communications. General Motors Corp. v.
Mendicki. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Dec. 1392-1393.
----- . Pulliam v. Bond. (Mo. Sup. Ct.). Dec. 1393.
Recommendation for Maritime Labor Relations Policies.
Jan. 19-21.

Reducing Seasonal Unemployment (in construction).
Sept. 990-993
See also Bargaining ; Labor organizations.

LABOR organizations

Bargaining by Civil Servants in Canada. June 603-606.
Collective Bargaining by Public Employees. June 610-

Europe

Cooperation and Arbitration in the Federal Service. June

British Railway Workers. Mar. iiir-iv.
Labor and the Spanish Syndical System. Aug. 867-870.

612.

614-

Developments in Federal Union-Management Relations.
June 613.

United States

Grievance Procedures in the Federal Service. June 609.
Representing the Teachers’ Interests. June 617-623.
Research on Municipal Collective Bargaining. June 615-

The Sixth Biennial Convention of the AFL-CIO. Feb.

Union Structure in Municipal Collective Bargaining.

State, County, and Municipal Employees’ Biennial Conven­
tion. July 736-738.
Teamsters. 19th international convention, July 1966.

616.

June 606-608.
INTERNATIONAL Labor Organization (ILO). The In­
ternational Labor Conference of 1966. Aug. 841-846.
INTERNATIONAL Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s

Union (ILWU). 1966 West Coast Longshore Negotia­
tions. Oct. 1067-1075.

LABOR force
Characteristics

An Experimental Study of Repeated Unemployment.
June 650—652.

Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers in March
1965. Mar. 258-263.
A Portrait of the Unemployed. Jan. 7-14Poverty Areas of Our Major Cities. Oct. 1106-1110.
Education

Educational Attainment of Workers in March 1965. Mar.
250-257.

Mobility

The Farm Workers’ Transition to Industry. Jan. 34-35.
Multiple Jobholders

Multiple Jobholders in May 1965. Feb. 147-154.
Work Experience

Work Experience of the Population in 1964. Feb. 155163.

-----. of the Population in 1965. Dec. 1369-1377.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

144-146.

July iiir-iv.

United Auto Workers. 20th Constitutional Convention,
May 1966. July 733-735.
Trade Unions

Attitudes Toward Unionism of Active and Passive Mem­
bers. Feb. 175-177.
Developments in Federal Union-Management Relations.
June 613.

Dues and Fees Structure of Local Unions. Nov. 12361240.

International

Unions:

How Influential Are They?

May 518-519.

Referendum Elections of National Union Officers. Aug.
856-859.

Trends and Changes in Union Membership. May 510-513.
Union as aggrieved party in civil rights litigation. Chemi­
cal Workers v. Planters Manufacturing Co. (U.S. Dist.
Ct.). Dec. 1393.
Union elections. Wirtz v. Local 545, Operating Engineers.
(U.S. Ct. of App.). Deo. 1391.
Union Structure in Municipal Collective Bargaining.
June 606-608.

LABOR relations. A Review of 1966. Dec. 1356-1361.
Dec. 3178-1384.

LABOR requirements
Estimated Need for Skilled Workers, 1965-75. Apr. 365371.

Labor and Material Requirements for Sewer Works Con­
struction. Mar. 288-290.
LEGISLATION, State. State Labor Legislation in 1966.
Dec. 1378-1384.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1458
LONGSHORE activities (See Maritime.)
MACHINERY industry.

Earnings in Machinery Indus­
tries, April-June 1965. Jan. 36-39.

Enforceability of order. NLRB v. Schnell Tool & Die
Corp. (U.S. Ct. of App.). July 779.
Jurisdiction. Hanna Mining Co. v. District 2, Marine
Engineers Beneficial Association (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Feb.
186.

MANPOWER planning
Mar. 245-249.

-----. Linn v. United Plant Guard Workers Local 114
(U.S. Sup. Ct.). May 532-633.
-----. Mine Workers v. Gibbs (U.S. Sup. Ct.). July 777-

1091-1097.

-----. NLRB v. Harrah’s Club (U.S. Ct. of App.). Sept.

371.

The NLRB and the Duty to Bargain. Nov. 1241-1245.
See also Decisions, National Labor Relations Board.
New Facts and New Law in the NLRB Annual Report.

The Adaptation of Labor Resources to Changing Needs.
Conceptual Issues in Evaluating Training Programs. Oct.
Coordination of Manpower Programs. Sept. 959-96If.
Estimated Need for Skilled Workers, 1965-75. Apr. 365Farm Manpower: Some Observations on 1965. Felt, iii-iv.
The Farm Workers’ Transition to Industry. Jan. 34-35.
Future of Maritime Manpower. Mar. 268-271.
Manpower Development and Incentives to Change. Oct.
1123-1125.

Manpower Projections: Some Conceptual Problems and
Research Needs. Feb. 138-143.
Program Proposals for Manpower Policy. Feb. 130-131.
The Projection of Manpower Supply in a Specific Occupa­
tion (Technical Note). Nov. 1262-1266.
Watching for Manpower Shortages. June iiir-iv.
Year of the Harvest: The 1966 Manpower Report. Mar. ii,
300-303.

Europe

A Soviet Manpower Report. Nov. iiir-iv.
Sweden’s Manpower Programs. Jan. 1-6.
MANUFACTURING^ Wage Developments in Manufac­
turing. Aug. 871-876.
MARITIME

Future of Maritime Manpower. Mar. 268-271.
Recommendations for Maritime Labor Relations Policies.
Jan. 19-21.

1966 West Coast Longshore Negotiations. Oct. 1067-1075.
MEDICARE (See Health.)
MINIMUM wage. State Labor Legislation in 1966.
Dec. 1378-1384.
MINORITY groups

Changing Patterns in Employment of Nonwhite Workers.
May 503-509.

Chemical Workers v. Planters Manufacturing Co. (U.S.
Dist. Ct.). Deo. 1391-1392.
Class action in civil rights case. Robert Hall v. Werthan
Bag Corp. (U.S. Dist. Ct.). May 534Colored Minorities and Present British Policies. Oct.
1111-1115.

Discharge for Klan activities. In re Baltimore Transit
Co. and Amalgamated Transit Union, Division 1300,
AAA Case No. L-48889 PHI-D-742-65. Nov. 12691270.

Discrimination in employment. Chambers v. Henderson­
ville City Board of Education (U.S. Ct. of App.). Oct.
1128-1129.

Labor Force Projections, by Color, 1970-80. Sept. 965972.

Minority Groups in California. Sept. 978-983.
Racial appeals in representation election. Electrical
Workers (IBEW) v. Universal Manufacturing Co. (156
NLRB No. 132). Apr. 416-417.
Segregated bargaining. New Deal Cab. Co. and Jason
Whittaker (150 NLRB No. 111). Nov. 1270-1271.
MOONLIGHTING (See Multiple jobholders.)
MULTIPLE Jobholders in May 1965. Feb. 147-154.
NATIONAL Labor Relations Board
Application of injunction provisions of LMRA. McLeod v.
General Electric Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Nov. 1271-1272.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

779.

1004.

Aug. 760-761.

Request for contempt citation denied. NLRB v. Nelson
Manufacturing Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Oct. 1129.
NEGROES (See Minority groups.)
¿
NEWSPAPERS. Labor Disputes of Merging Newspapers

Aug. iii-iv.
NONWHITES (See Minority groups.)
NURSING homes. Earnings in Nursing Homes in April
1965. Mar. 291-295.
OCCUPATIONS

Military and Civilan Occupational Structure. Jan. 29-33.
The Projection of Manpower Supply in a Specific Occupa­
tion (Technical Note). Nov. 1262-1266.
See also specific occupations.
ORCHESTRAS. Bargaining Prospects for Major Sym­
phony Orchestras. May 481-484OUTPUT (See Productivity.)
OVERTIME (See Hours of work.)
PAINT. Wages in Paint, Candy, and Southern Sawmill
Industries. Aug. 881-886.
PENSIONS
Changes in Pension Plans for Salaried Employees. Apr.
381-384The Decision to Retire: A Canvass of Possibilities. Jan.
iii-iv.
Disability Benefits Under Private Pension Plans. Apr.
289-295.
Pension Fund Investment: Both Sides of the Coin. Feb.
128-129.
A Study of Pension Funding. June 638-642.
PETROLEUM refining. Wages in Industrial Chemicals
and Petroleum Refining. Sept. 994-999.
PICKETING
Building and Construction Trades Council and Markwell
and Hartz, Inc. (155 NLRB No. 42). Jan. 62.
Cedar Crest Hats, Inc. v. United Hatters (U.S. Ct. of
App.) Sept. 1003-1004Construction & General Laborers Local 438 v. Hardy En­
gineering and Construction Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Mar.
305-306.
Hanna Mining Co. v. District 2, Marine Engineers Bene­
ficial Association (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Feb. 186.
Mine Workers v. Gibbs (U.S. Sup. Ct.). July 777-779.
Painters, Local 720 and J. M. Miller Decorating Co. (156
NLRB No. 32). Mar. 305.
Pennington v. Mine Workers (U.S. Dist. Ct.). Nov. 1269.
POVERTY
Prices in Poor Neighborhoods. Oct. 1085-1090.
Poverty Areas of Our Major Cities. Oct. 1105-1110.
PRODUCTIVITY
Output Per Man-Hour in the Footwear Industry. Apr.
401-404.
Projecting Industry Productivity. May 514-517.
See also Guideposts.
PUBLIC employment
Bargaining by Civil Servants in Canada. June 603-606.
Collective Bargaining by Public Employees. June 610612.

1459

INDEX TO VOLUME 89
Cooperation and Arbitration in the Federal Service.
June 614-

Developments in Federal Union-Management Relations.
June 613.

Grievance Procedures in the Federal Service. June 609.
Long-Term Trends in Urban Teachers’ Compensation.
Nov. 1223-1229.

Representation Among Teachers. July 728-732.
Representing the Teachers’ Interests. June 617-623.
Research in Municipal Collective Bargaining. June 615616.

Settlements of Disputes in Public Employment. Apr. iiiriv.

State, County, and Municipal Employees’ Biennial Con­
vention. July 736-738.
Summer School Short Course in Teacher Negotiations.
I Aug. 847-850.
Union Structure in Municipal Collective Bargaining.
June 606-608.
RAILROADS. British Railway Workers. Mar. iii-iv.
REEMPLOYMENT rights. Veterans’ severance pay.
Accardi v. Pennsylvania R.R. Co. (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Apr.
417-418.
REPRESENTATION ( See Bargaining. \
RESEARCH and Development Price Indexes (Technical
Note). Jan. 57-61.
RETAIL trade. Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail
Trade. July 754-159, Aug. 877-880.
RETIREMENT (See Pensions.)
RIGHTS of union members

Anti-Communist oath as condition of membership. Hur­
witz v. Directors Guild (U.S. Dist. Ct.). Jan. 63-64Unlawful expulsion. Ryan v. Electrical Workers (IBEW)
(U.S. Ct. of App.). Sept. 1002-1003.
RUSSIA (See U.S.S.R.)
SALARIES (See Earnings.)
SAWMILLS. Wages in Paint, Candy, and Southern Saw­
mill Industries. Aug. 881-886.
SECONDARY boycott (See Picketing.)
SENIORITY as Security : A Rationale. Feb. 127-128.
SERVICE workers. Training in Service Occupations.
May 523-527.
SEVERANCE pay. Veterans. Accardi v. Pennsylvania
R.R. Co. (U.S. Sup. Ct.). Apr. 417-418.

SEWER. Labor and Material Requirements for Sewer
Works Construction. Mar. 288-290.
SHOES (See Footwear.)
SKILLED workers. Estimated Need for, 1965-75. Apr.
365-371.
SOCIAL insurance

Adapting Group Health Insurance to Medicare. May
491-495.

The Decision to Retire : A Canvass of Possibilities. Jan.

iiir-'iv.
See also Pensions; Unemployment insurance.
SPAIN. Labor and the Spanish Syndical System. Aug.
867-870.
SPECIAL Labor Force Reports

The Effects of Employment Redistribution on Earnings.

Labor Force Projections by State, 1970 and 1980. Oct.
1098-1104,1149-1175.

Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers in March
1965. Mar. 258-263.
Mutliple Jobholders in May 1965. Feb. 147-154Out-of-School Youths—Two Years Later. Aug. 860-866.
A Portrait of the Unemployed. Jan. 7-14Poverty Areas of Our Major Cities. Oct. 1106-1110.
Work Experience of the Population (in 1964). Feb. 155163.

Work Experience of the Population in 1965. Dec. 13691377.
STRIKES and lockouts (See Work stoppages.)
SUPPLEMENTAL benefits

Changes in Negotiated Health and Insurance Plans, 196266. Nov. 1246-1249.
The Changing Structure of Compensation. Sept. 953-958.
Disability Benefits Under Private Pension Plans. Apr.
389-395.

Financial Aspects of SUB Plans. Apr. 385-389.
Health Insurance Coverage for Workers on Layoff. Aug.
851-855.

Paid Vacations and Holidays in the United Kingdom.
Mar. 272-273.

Provisions for Paid Sick Leave in Metropolitan Areas.
Feb. 164-169.

White-Collar Pay Supplements. May 496-502.
SWEDEN. Sweden’s Manpower Programs. Jan. 1-6.
SYNTHETIC fibers (See Textiles.)
TAX. Effects of Taxes on thd'CPI.

(Technical note).

Feb. 182-185.
TEACHERS

Long-Term Trends in Urban Teachers’ Compensation.
Nov. 1223-1229.

Representation Among Teachers. July 728-732.
Representing the Teachers’ Interest. June 617-623.
Summer School Short Course in Teacher Negotiations.
Aug. 847-850.
TEAMSTERS

Bargaining and Wages in Local Cartage. Oct. 1076-1084The Teamsters Prepare for Nationwide Contracts. July

iii-iv.
TECHNOLOGICAL change

Automation Commission’s Report on Technological Devel­
opment. Mar. 274-277.
A Canadian Automation Code. May 520-522.
The 1966 Economic Report. Mar. 278-287.
TEXTILES

Earnings in Cotton Textile Mills, September 1965. July
765-768.

Earnings in Synthetic Textile Mills, September 1965.
July 762-765.

Wages in Synthetic Fibers, Textile Finishing, and Dress
Manufacturing. Nov. 1255-1262.
TRADE adjustment assistance. Trade Legislation and
Adjustment Assistance. Dec. iii-iv.
TRAINING (See Education; Apprenticeship.)
TRUCKING. Bargaining and Wages in Local Cartage.
Oct. 1076-1084.
UNEMPLOYMENT

An Experimental Study of Repeated Unemployment. June
650-652.

July 744-148.

Industrial Growth in Areas of Chronic Unemployment.

June 650-652.

, 250-251.

A Portrait of the Unemployed. Jan. 7-14Reducing Seasonal Unemployment. Sept. 990-993.
UNEMPLOYMENT insurance
Research in Unemployment Insurance: A Review Essay.

139-143.

Trade Legislation and Adjustment Assistance. Dec. iiir-iv.
UNFAIR labor practices
Defamatory statements. Linn v. United Plant Guard
Workers Local 114 (U.S. Sup. Ct.). May 532-533.

An Experimental Study of Repeated Unemployment.
Educational Attainment of Workers in March 1965. Mar.
Employment of High School Graduates and Dropouts in
1965. June 643-649.
Employment of School Age Youth, October 1965. July
Labor Force Projections, by Color, 1970-80. Sept. 965972.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

May 485-490.

Nov. 1230-1235.

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1460
Discriminatory discharge. NLRB v. Lipman Brothers
(U.S. Ct. of App.). Mar. 306.
-----. NLRB v. Tonkin Corp. (U.S. Ct. of App.).
Jan. 64.

-----. NLRB v. Schnell Tool & Die Corp. (U.S. Ct. of
App.). July 779.
Intervention on appeal. Automobile Workers v. Scofield
(U.S. Sup. Ct.). Feb. 186-187.
Massive and deliberate retaliation. J. P. Stevens and Co.,
Inc. and Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO
(157 NLRB No. 90). May 533-534.
No-solicitation rule. Fabri-Tek, Inc. v. NLRB (U.S. Ct.
of App.). Jan. 62-63.
Pre-election interference. H. R. Hunfcting Co., Inc., and
Snow (NLRB Case No. l-RD-450). Feb. 188.
Reduction of wages following backpay award. NLRB v.
Nelson Manufacturing Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.). Oct. 1129.
Refusal to bargain. McLeod v. General Electric Co. (U.S.
Ct. of App.). Nov. 1271-1272.
Undermining union. NLRB v. Delight Bakery, Inc.
(U.S. Ct. of App.). Feb. 187-188.
UNION insignia. Fabri-Tek, Inc. v. NLRB (U.C. Ct. of
App.). Jan. 62-63.

UNION representation election
Electrical Workers (IBEW) v. Universal Manufacturing
Co. (156 NLRB No. 132). Apr. 416-417.
Excelsior Underwear, Inc. and Amalgamated Clothing
Workers; K. L. Kellog & Sons and Operating Engineers,
Locals 3 and 12 (156 NLRB No. 111). Apr. 415-416.
General Electric Co. and Electrical Workers (IUE) ;
McCulloch Corp. and Automobile Workers (156 NLRB
No. 112). Apr.416.
H. R. Huntting Co., Inc. and Snow (NLRB Case No. 1RD-450). Feb. 188.
Potter v. Castle Construction Co. (U.S. Ct. of App.)
Mar. 304UNIONS (See Labor organizations.)
U.S.S.R.

Labor Aspects of the Economic Reform in the Soviet
Union. June 597-602.
A Soviet Manpower Report. Nov. iii-iv.
U.S.S.R. Worktime Requirements for Consumer Pur­
chases. July 772-773.
WAGE calendar for 1967.
WAGES (See Earnings.)
WHITE-COLLAR

Dec. 1339-1355.

White-Collar Pay Supplements. May 496-502.

WORKER SECURITY

Seniority as Security: A Rationale. Feb. 727-128.
Shifting Concepts of Worker Security. Feb. 126.

WORK STOPPAGES

Illegal strike. NLRB v. Local 2, Plumbers U.S. Ct. of
App.). Aug. 893-894Labor Disputes of Merging Newspapers. Aug. iii-iv.
Operating during a strike. Railway Clerks v. Florida
East Coast Ry. (U.S. Sup. Ct.). July 776-777.
A Review of Work Stoppages during 1965. July 749-753.
WORKTIME. U.S.S.R. Worktime Requirements for Con­
sumer Purchases. July 772-773.
YOUTH (See Education and training; Labor Force.)
DEPARTMENTS (regular features)

Book Reviews and Notes. Each issue. See list of Book
Reviews, pp. 1402-1410 of this index.
Chronology of Recent Labor Events. Each issue.
Decisions in Labor Cases, Significant. Each issue except

June.
See list of case citations under Decisions, Court and De­
cisions, National Labor Relations Board, p. 1455 of
this issue.
Foreign Labor Briefs. April through December.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Industrial Relations, Developments in. Each issue.
Issue in Brief. Each issue except March, September.
Labor Month in Review. Each issue.
Statistical Supplement, 1964, to Review. Issued as a
separate report.
Statistics, Current Labor. See Statistical Series below.
STATISTICAL SERIES

(Most recent 13 months and 2 annual averages)
Consumer and wholesale prices :
Consumer Price Index, U.S. City average for urban
wage earners and clerical workers (including single
workers) all items, groups, subgroups, and special
groups of items. Table D-l, each issue.
-----. U.S. and selected areas for urban wage earners
and clerical workers (including single workers).!
Table D-2, Jan.-Feb. Table D-3, Mar-Dec.
----- . U.S. city average for urban Avage earners and
clerical workers, selected groups, subgroups, and
special groups of items, seasonally adjusted. Table
D-2, Mar.-Dec.
Indexes of wholesale prices. By group and subgroup
of commodities. Table D-3, Jan.-Feb. Table D-4
M a r.-D e c.

----- . For special commodity groupings. Table D-4,
Jan.-Feb. Table D-5, Mar.-Dec.
-----. By stage of processing and durability of product.
Table D-5, Jan.-Feb. Table D-6, Mar.-Dec.
Earnings and hours :
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of pro­
duction workers in manufacturing, by major in­
dustry group. Table C-3, each issue.
Average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, of pro­
duction workers in selected industries. Table C-2,
each issue.

Average weekly overtime hours of production Avorkers
in m anufacturing, by industry. Table C-4, each

issue.

Gross and spendable average Aveekly earnings of pro­
duction Avorkers in m anufacturing. Table C-6, each

issue.

Gross hours and earnings of production Avorkers, by
industry. Table C -l, each issue.

Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls
in industrial and construction activities. Table
C-5, each issue.
Employment :
Employed persons, by age and sex, seasonally ad­
justed. Table A-4, Sept.-Dee.
Employees in nonagri cultural establishments, by
industry. Table A-2, Jan-Aug. Table A-9,
Sept.-Dee.

Employees in nonagricultuarl establishments, by in­
dustry division and selected groups, seasonally
adjusted. Table A-4, Jan-Aug. Table A -ll,
Sept.-Dee.

Employment status, by color, sex, and age, seasonnally adjusted. Table A-7, Oct.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment
status and sex. Table A-l, Jan.-Aug., discontin­
ued after Aug.

Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force,
not seasonally adjusted. Table A-6, Sept.-Dee.
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry. Table A-3, Jan Aug. Table A-10, Sept.-Dee.
Production workers in manufacturing industries, by
major industry group, seasonally adjusted. Table
A-5, Jan.-Aug. Table A-12, Sept.-Dee.
Rates of unemployment, by age and sex, seasonally
adjusted. Table A-3, Sept.-Dee.
Seasonally adjusted rates of unemployment. Table
A-2, Sept.-Dec.

INDEX TO VOLUME 89
Summary employment and unemployment estimates,
by age and sex, seasonally adjusted. Table A-l,
Sept.-Dec.

Total employment and unemployment rates, by occu­
pation, seasonally adjusted. Table A-8, Oct.
Unemployment insurance and employment service pro­
gram operations. Table A-6, Jan-Aug. Table
A-13, Sept.-Dee.
Labor turnover rates, by major industry group. Table
B-l, each issue.
Work injuries. Injury-frequency rates for selected manu­
facturing industries. (Most recent 10 quarters and 2
annual averages.) Table F -l, Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
issues.

Work stoppages resulting from labor-management dis­
putes. (13 most recent months, averages for 1935-39
and 1947-49, and annual averages from 1945 to 1964.)
Table E-l, each issue.
BOOK REVIEWS (listed by author of book)

Adams, Graham, Jr. Age of Industrial Violence, 19101915. Oct. 1137-1138.
Alexander, Robert J. Organized Labor in Latin Amer­
ica. May 549.
Altmeyer, Arthur J. The Formative Years of Social Se­
curity. May 545.
Applewhite, Philip B. Organizational Behavior. May
547.

Argyris, Chris. Organization and Innovation. June 673674.

Baer, Werner. Industrialization and Economic Develop­
ment in Brazil. May 549.
Baerresen, Donald W., Martin Carnoy, Joseph Grunwald.
Latin American Trade Patterns. Feb. 198.
Bodkin, Ronald G. The Wage-Price-Productivity Nexus.
Oct. 1142.

Burns, Arthur F. The Management of Prosperity. May
550-551.

Calhoun, Daniel H. Professional Lives in America:
Structure and Aspiration, 1750-1850. Mar. 315-316.
Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Task Force
on Economic Growth and Opportunity. Poverty: The
Sick, Disabled and the Aged. Apr. 431-432.
Chambers, Raymond J. Accounting, Evaluation, and Eco­
nomic Behavior. Oct. 1141.
Clay, Jim. Hoffa! Ten Angels Swearing. Jan. 72-73.
Cohen, Sanford. Labor in the United States. July 789.
Conley, Ronald W. The Economics of Vocational Reha­
bilitation. May 546.
Cook, Alice H. An Introduction to Japanese Trade Union­
ism. Aug. 906-907.
Crispo, John H. G., ed. Collective Bargaining and the
Professional Employee: Proceedings of a Conference
Held December 15-17, 1965. June 669.
Currie, Lauehlin. Accelerating Development: The Neces­
sity and the Means. July 791.
Dankert, Clyde E., Floyd C. Mann, Herbert R. Northrup.
Hours of Work. Mar. 314-315.
Derber, Milton, W. E. Chalmers, Milton T. Edelman.
Plant Union-Management Relations: From Practice to
Theory. May 548.
Dodd, Allen R., Jr. The Job Hunter: The Diary of a
“Lost” Year. Feb. 197.
Eckstein, Alexander. Communist China’s Economic
Growth and Foreign Trade: Implications for U.S.
Policy. Nov. 1289.
Edwards, Charles E. Dynamics of the United States
Automobile Industry. Apr. 425-426.
Eggan, Fred. The American Indian—Perspectives for the
Study of Social Change. Dec. I4O6.
Farer, Tom J., ed. Financing African Development.
Apr. 430.

Fishman, Leo. Poverty Amid Affluence. Nov. 1288.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1461
Fleming, R. W. The Labor Arbitration Process.

July

790- 791.

Friedmann, John. Regional Development Policy: A Case
Study of Venezuela. Sept. 1014-1015.
Galbraith, Virginia L. World Trade in Transition. Apr.
428-429.

Gardner, Nelly D. and John N. Davis. The Art of Dele­
gating. Feb. 196.
Gilpatrick, Eleanor G. Structural Unemployment and
Aggregate Demand. Oct. 1142-1143.
Ginzberg, Eli and associates. Life Styles of Educated
Women. Sept. 1015.
Golembiewski, Robert T. Men, Management, and Moral­
ity : Toward a New Organizational Ethic. June 673-674Gould, Jay M. The Technical Elite. Nov. 1286.
Greenwood, William T. Management and Organizational
Behavior Theories: An Interdisciplinary Approach.
Jan. 72.

Haber, William, ed.

Labor in a Changing America.

Dec. 1406-1407.

Harris, Seymour E. and Alan Levensohn, eds. Education
and Public Policy. Jan. 74-75.
Harris, Seymour E. and others, eds. Challenge and
Change in American Education. Jan. 74-75.
Hawley, Ellis W. The New Deal and the Problems of
Monopoly. June 670.
Hays, Paul R. Labor Arbitration: A Dissenting View.
July 790-791.

Henderson, John P. Labor Market Institutions and Wages
in the Lodging Industry. May 545-546.
Herrick, Bruce H. Urban Migration and Economic De­
velopment in Chile. Aug. 907.
Hildebrand, George H. Growth and Structure in the
Economy of Modern Italy. Sept. 1017-1018.
Hodgson, Richard C., Daniel J. Levinson, Abraham Zaleznik. The Executive Role Constellation: An Analysis of
Personality and Role Relations in Management. July
791- 792.

Hultgren, Thor. Cost, Prices, and Profits: Their Cycli­
cal Relations. Apr. 425.
Hunter, Guy, ed. Industrialization and Race Relations :
A Symposium. Nov. 1287-1288.
James, Ralph C. and Estelle Dinerstein James. Hoffa
and the Teamsters: A study of Union Power. Jan.
72-73/

Teamsters: A Study of Union Power. Jan. 72-73.
Johnson, Harry G. The World Economy at the Cross­
roads : A Survey of Current Problems of Money, Trade
and Economic Development. Apr. 428-429.
Jones, Peter d’A. The Consumer Society: A History of
American Capitalism. Mar. 319-320.
Kaldor, Nicholas. Essays on Economic Policy: Volumes
I and II. Mar. 313-314.
Kefauver, Estes. In a Few Hands: Monopoly Power in
America. Mar. 319-320.
Kern, Alfred. Made in USA. Sept. 1016.
Kim, Young Hum, ed. Patterns of Competitive Coex­
istence : USA vs. USSR. Dec. 1405.
Kindleberger, Charles P. Europe and the Dollar. Oct.
1139.

Leiserson, Mark W., Jacques Lecaillon, Jean Marchal,
J. R. Crossley. Wage-Structure in Theory and Prac­
tice. Nov. 1285-1286.
Lens, Sidney. Radicalism in America. Nov. 1289-1290.
Levitan, Sar A. Programs in Aid of the Poor. Apr.
431-432.

Lichtheim, George. Marxism in Modern France. Oct,
1138.

Mann, Dean E. and Jameson W. Doig. The Assistant
Secretaries: Problems and Processes of Appointment.
Mar. 313.

Marsh, Arthur. Industrial Relations in Engineering.
Apr. 424.

Masse, Benjamin L., S.J. The Church and Social Prog­
ress : Background Readings for Pope John’s Mater et

MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1966

1462
Magistra. Sept. 1016.
Mattfeld, Jacquelyn A. and Carol G. Van Aken, eds.
Women and the Scientific Professions: The M.I.T.
Symposium on American Women in Science and Engi­
neering. Mar. 315-316.
McKinney, John C. and Edgar T. Thompson, eds. The
South in Continuity and Change. June 672-613.
McNeal, James U., ed. Dimensions of Consumer Behavior.
Jan. 13-11}.

Miernyk, William H. The Elements of Input-Output
Analysis. Mar. 319.
Miller, Herman. Poverty American Style. Oct. 11401141.

Mollenhoff, Clark R. Tentacles of Power: The Story of
Jimmy Hoffa. Jan. 72-73.
Morse, Dean and Aaron W. Warner, eds. Technological
Innovation and Society. Nov. 1284Mott, Paul E., Floyd C. Mann, Quin McLoughlin, Donald
P. Warwick. Shift Work: The Social, Psychological,
and Physical Consequences. Mar. 314-315.
Musgrave, Richard A., ed. Essays in Fiscal Federalism.
Apr. 426.

Myint, Hla. The Economics of the Developing Countries.
Feb. 194.

National Bureau of Economic Research. Output, Em­
ployment, and Productivity in the United States After
1800: Studies in Income and Wealth. Nov. 1283-1284National Bureau of Economic Research. The Measure­
ment and Interpretation of Job Vacancies. July 193.
Nemchinov, V. S. and A. Nove, eds. The Use of Mathe­
matics in Economics. July 788-189.
Netzer, Dick. Economics of the Property Tax. July
194-

Northrup, Herbert R. Compulsory Arbitration and Gov­
ernment Intervention in Labor Disputes. Nov. 1281.
Olson, Mancur, Jr. The Logic of Collective Bargaining:
Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Mar. 316-311.
Onslow, Cranley, ed. Asian Economic Development.
May 550.

Payne, James L. Labor and Politics in Peru: The Sys­
tem of Political Bargaining. Jan. 76-77.
Pearl, Arthur and Frank Riessman. New Careers for the
Poor: The Nonprofessional in Human Service. Feb.
199.

Perry, George L. Unemployment, Money Wage Rates,
and Inflation. Dec. 1404-1405.
Raymond, G. Alison. Half the World’s People. Apr.
428.

Rice, A. K. Learning for Leadership: Interpersonal and
Intergroup Relations. May 551.
Roberts, Harold S. and Paul F. Brissenden, eds. The
Challenge of Industrial Relations in the Pacific-Asian
Countries. Feb. 198.
Rood, Allan. Realizing Your Executive Potential: Job
Strategy for the Management Career Man. Mar. 311.
Routh, Guy. Occupation and Pay in Great Britain, 190660. June 610-611.
Scott, William G. The Management of Conflict: Appeal
Systems in Organizations. Mar. 318.


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Shackle, G. L. S. The Nature of Economic Thought.
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