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Length of Workweek in Manufacturing
Movements in Commodity Prices Since 1951
Growth of the Aircraft and Parts Industry Since 1939
Labor Supply for Manufacturing in a Coal Area
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR ST A T IST IC S
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
J a m e s P. M it c h e l l ,
Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Acting Commissioner
A r y n e s s J oy W i c k e n s ,
H erman
B.
Assistant Commissioner
B yer,
H e n r y J . F it z g e r a l d ,
Assistant Commissioner
C harles D . S tew art,
Assistant Commissioner
J o seph
W. D
P.
uane
G oldberg,
E v a n s,
Acting Special Assistant to the Commissioner
Chief Statistician
D orothy S. B radt, Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
H. M . D outy, Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
L eon G reenberg , Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard F. J ones, Chief, Division of Administrative Services
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Division of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbaum, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. Klein , Chief, Office of Publications
H. E. R iley , Chief, Division of Construction Statistics
Oscar W eigert , Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
F aith M. W illiams, Chief, Office of Labor Economics
Seymour L. W olfrein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
Regional Offices and Directors
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
L aw rence
R.
K l e in ,
•
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Editor
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CONTENTS
Special Articles
1311
1315
1320
1327
Length of Workweek in Manufacturing, May 1953-May 1954
Movements in Commodity Prices Since 1951
Growth of the Aircraft and Parts Industry, 1939 to 1954
Labor Supply for Manufacturing in a Coal Area
IIP':'
Summaries of Studies and Reports
1331
1334
1340
1352
Earnings of Communications Workers in October 1953
Reporting and Call-Back Pay in Collective Bargaining Agreements
Wage Chronology No. 39: Pacific Greyhound Lines, 1945-53
Injury Rates in Manufacturing, Second Quarter 1954
Departments
in
1355
1360
1363
1368
1375
The Labor Month in Review
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics
December 1954 • Vol. 77 • No. 12
Seventy Years of Service
—The Story of BLS
The January 1955 issue of the Monthly Labor Review
w ill contain a special section commemorating the 70th
anniversary of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Among the distinguished contributors will be . . .
• Witt Bowden — Author of The Gift of Freedom
• Arthur F. Burns — Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers
• James B. Carey — Secretary-Treasurer, G O
• John Dunlop — Harvard University Professor
• Stephen K. G alp in — Labor Reporter, W all Street Journal
• Irving M . Ives — United States Senator from New York
• Clement D. Johnston — President, United States Chamber of Commerce
• Clark Kerr — Chancellor, University of California
• M eyer Kestnbaum — Chairman, Committee for Economic Development
• Isador Lubin — Former Commissioner of Labor Statistics
• Wendell D. M acdonald — BLS Regional Director, Boston
• George M eany — President, American Federation of Labor
• Stuart A . Rice ■
— Director, Office of Statistical Standards
I
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* Laura M a e W ebb, O ffice of Statistical Standards
• Samuel Weiss — Consulting Statistician
The Labor Month
in Review
c lo sing m o n th s of 1954 were an augury of
some of the collective bargaining situations to be
met in the spring and summer of 1955. The
principal unveiling occurred on November 12 and
13, and revealed the bargaining demands to be
made on the major automobile companies by the
CIO United Automobile Workers. Present con
tracts with General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler
expire on May 29, June 1, and August 31,
respectively.
Briefly summarized, the UAW demands in
cluded: a guaranteed annual employment of 52
weeks for all workers with at least 2 years’ sen
iority; a wage increase, larger annual improve
ment factor (now 5 cents per hour), incorporation
of the cost-of-living allowance in the basic wage
rate; increases in the pension yield and assump
tion by the employer of costs of the health-security
program (now jointly shared); time and one-half
for any Saturday work, double time for Sunday,
triple time for holidays; 1-year duration for con
tracts without escalator and improvement factor
clauses, otherwise 2 years at most; a system for
preferential hiring between plants of the same
company and between companies in the same area
in case of layoffs.
The union expressed the hope that its proposals
could be effected without a strike, but added that
a strike, if it comes, “will undoubtedly take place
against the company which has shown the least
moral responsibility.” There was no formal or
official response from the industry.
The drive for the guaranteed employment plan
was also part of the CIO convention program in
Los Angeles, December 6-13. But one of the
unexpected events of the convention was the
“categorical” opposition by Secretary of Labor
T he
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
James P. Mitchell to State legislation outlawing
the union shop. These laws are in effect in 17
States. The Secretary urged the States concerned
to recognize that they “do more harm than good”
and to reexamine the statutes.
Only a few weeks before, the American Federa
tion of Labor had announced a concerted drive
against this type of legislation and what it called a
concerted drive for such statutes “by well-financed
lobbies” in 1955, when all but four State legisla
tures will convene. The Secretary, commenting
on organized efforts to promote the laws, suggested
that such activity by employers was “not condu
cive to harmonious working relations between
employers and their employees.”
CIO c o n v e n t io n adopted without contro
versy a resolution for organic unity with the AFL.
It received a friendly message from George Meany,
similar in content to that which the AFL had re
ceived from Walter P. Reuther 10 weeks earlier.
Another convention aftermath of preconvention
action related to the administration of unionmanagement health, pension, and welfare funds.
The delegates approved a code of ethics similar to
that suggested by testimony at a public hearing
held November 22 and 23 by the CIO. The main
tenets included: lowest possible operating costs;
insurance companies selected through competitive
bidding; full publicity on all phases of operations;
commissions to agents paid only when actually
earned; auditing by an outside concern at stipu
lated intervals; no salaries from welfare funds to
any union officials already receiving union salary
for full-time work; international union authority
to supervise and control local union funds. The
CIO, prior to the hearings, had pointed out that
in only about 3 percent of the funds established
under its contracts did the local union have ex
clusive control over administration.
The newest group to be covered by a welfare
fund is the AFL Television and Radio Artists.
On November 18, the four national television net
works and the union agreed to a welfare and pen
sion plan, probably the first of its kind for per
formers. The employers will contribute 5 percent
of each actor’s gross compensation. At this rate
the fund will accumulate an estimated $2.5 million
a year for about 10,000 potential recipients.
T he
in
IV
W h il e the most portentous collective-bargaining
development in the waning weeks of 1954 was the
UAW pronouncement, certain other issues came
more actively to the fore.
Radio operators of the CIO American Radio
Association tied up about 170 west coast ships
in a 5-day strike ending December 7. The issue
was overtime while operators were on port duty.
On the east coast, the independent Longshore
men’s Association ended the long negotiations
with the New York Shipping Association on
November 25 with a 2-year contract, only to have
the membership reject ratification. The tenta
tive agreement had granted a 17-cent-an-hour
wage-fringe increase and a union shop. The
shapeup hiring method, one of the roots of
racketeering on the waterfront, was virtually
abolished. Capt. William V. Bradley, president
of the union which in 1953 had been expelled
from the AFL for failure to cleanse its operations,
promised to look into the graft and racketeering
charges. John L. Lewis, president of the United
Mine Workers (Independent), who had aided the
union financially after its ouster from the AFL,
congratulated Bradley for what he termed a
victory over a “fanatical” combination of labor,
political, and financial interests.
One of the longest strikes in the country was
settled late in November, a little over a year after
it began, when AFL Teamsters and other unions
reached an agreement with five Pittsburgh de
partment stores. Settlement included a wage
increase.
The CIO Oil Workers, which in February
expects to consummate a merger with the Chemi
cal Workers, told major oil producers with whom
it negotiates agreements that it was revoking
its no-strike pledge. 0. A. Knight, union presi
dent, explained that the union had been frus
trated in its attemps to better its wage rates.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
A melange of actions transpired in the railroad
and air transport industries. On November 16 a
Presidential Board was appointed to investigate
a dispute between the AFL Machinists and six
major airlines and to avert a strike set for Novem
ber 19. On November 22 another such board
recommended, in a dispute between the Pullman
Co. and the Order of Railway Conductors and
Brakemen, a wage increase of 5 cents an hour
retroactive to December 16, 1953, abolition of the
escalator clause, imbedding of previous cost of
living allowances in the wage structure, and
granting a third week of vacation after 15 years’
service. A third board was appointed on Novem
ber 23 to probe a stalemate between the same
union and most rail lines on a method of wage
payment based on size and weight of locomotive.
Finally, on December 6, the nonoperating rail
unions, representing about 1 million members,
reached an agreement with operators to drop a
wage escalator clause from their contracts. In a
tangential rail union action, the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen on December 1 rejoined the
Railway Labor Executives’ Association, composed
of officers of all rail unions except the Engineers,
Trainmen, and Conductors.
In rulings during November, the National Labor
Relations Board decided to enforce all previous
Board orders, even if the cases would not fall
within its new jurisdiction rules. It held that a
company pleading inability to pay a wage increase
must document its claim in bargaining sessions.
The CIO National Maritime Union stipulated
to the Board that its hiring halls would henceforth
be open to nonmenbers. The United States
Supreme Court ruled (in Brooks v. N. L. R. B.)
that under the Taft-Hartley Act a union, once
chosen to bargain for workers, retains that right
for a year, even if repudiated by the employees.
Length of Workweek
in Manufacturing,
May 1953-May 1954
P h il ip G ro ssm a n *
As a r e s u l t of the extension of legislation and
collective bargaining agreements regulating hours
of work, the 40-hour workweek has become
characteristic of most manufacturing industries
in the United States. Increases in production,
however, are often accompanied by a longer
workweek, as efforts are made to achieve optimum
utilization of available resources—both men and
machines. On the other hand, cutbacks in pro
duction bring a reduced workweek because they
eliminate the need for overtime and entail partialweek layoffs and shutdowns.
Short-run variations in average weekly hours
may be interpreted, therefore, as the result of
changes in the amount of overtime or part-time
employment. These changes, in turn, reflect
shifts in the use of manpower among industries.
In order to study variations in the hours pattern
resulting from the decline in manufacturing
activity between May 1953 and May 1954, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics retabulated its basic
data on average weekly hours 1 in manufacturing
industries to yield distributions of workers accord
ing to length of workweek. In that 12-month
period, the factory workweek declined by about
1.4 hours, from 40.7 to 39.3. Nevertheless, at the
end of that period, more than half of all factory
production workers were still in establishments
reporting an average workweek of 40 hours or
more. The major shifts in the hours pattern were
an increase in the proportion of workers—from 46
to 54 percent—in plants reporting more than 38
but less than 42 hours, and a decline in the pro
portion—from 40 to 24 percent—in the 42-hoursor-more category.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Declines in Manufacturing Activity
The months May 1953 and May 1954 were
selected for the study of hours of work for factory
employees because of the difference in levels of
industrial activity in the two periods. In May
1953, factory output was at alltime peak levels—
even above those reached during the Second
World War in response to the wartime demands
of our Nation and its allies.2 By May 1954,
factory production had dropped to about the
average level attained in 1952. A slow decline
began in the fall of 1953 and continued through
the early spring of 1954. The month-to-month
reductions had generally been slowed by May,
and the changes that were taking place then were
largely the result of seasonal influences. In this
12-month period of adjustment, production of
durable goods showed more of a drop than that of
nondurables. The latter, in fact, had shown
some improvement beginning in early 1954.
In May 1953, the Federal Reserve Board’s index
of production for manufactures was 139 (season
ally adjusted, 1947-49 = 100); it had dropped to
126 a year later; in November 1943, the peak war
month, it was 138. Between May 1953 and May
1954, the durable goods index fell from 156 to 135
and the nondurable index dropped from 123 to 117.
Total sales by manufacturers, between May 1953
and May 1954, had fallen $1,800 million—from
$25,800 million to $24,000 million (seasonally
adjusted). The entire drop was in durable goods,
with more than a third of it in primary metal
products, for which sales shrank by $700 million
to $1,500 million. Plants producing nondurable
goods maintained their sales level of May 1953.
The records on physical units of production
throw additional light on manufacturing activity
in May 1953 and in May 1954. The production of
pig iron declined from 6.6 to 4.6 million short tons,
with a comparable decline in the percent of steel
capacity used from 100 to 71. The production of
household electrical applicances such as refrigera
tors, television sets, and radios had also fallen.
Motor vehicle production for the midweek of May
*0f the Bureau’s Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics.
1 M onthly data on average hours and earnings are published in Employ
ment and Earnings and in the M onthly Labor Review (see p. 1393 of this
issue.)
* Production and sales data used in this section were obtained from publi
cations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the
U. S. Department of Commerce.
1311
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1312
1954 was down 14 percent, or about 22,000 units,
below the 166,000 produced a year earlier.
Reductions in output from the extremely high
levels of mid-1953 were accompanied by adjust
ments in factory employment and hours of work.
In some plants, the major adjustment was in em
ployment, with only small cuts in the workweek;
in others, hours of work were shortened and the
work force largely maintained. Still other fac
tories cut their employment as well as their hours
of work. As a result, what had been in large
measure an overtime economy became more of
a standard workweek economy.
A number of considerations determine how any
one plant cuts its production when faced with a
decline in demand for its output. These include
the psychological, technological, and labor rela
tions aspects of the change as well as such factors
as the firm’s competitive position in the market
and in the locality and the cost structure of the
plant. For example, a manufacturer with opti
mistic expectations considers the decline to be
temporary. If his product is storable and the
price is not likely to change for some time, he is
more likely to continue his full work staff on a
reduced workweek. This course has the advan
tage, for the employer, of protecting his labor
force against the competitive offers of other plants
in the locality. However, in a plant where pro
duction requires continuous operations, it may not
be possible to operate a production unit on a partweek basis. In such a case, the unit is completely
T able
shut down and its work force laid off. The work
ers who remain are of necessity continued at their
regular weekly hours of work.
Furthermore, it is obvious that not in all indus
tries, nor even in all plants in an industry, does
production rise or decline at the same time that
those changes occur in the economy as a whole—
some lag behind and others lead the overall change.
The plants which were affected before May 1953,
for example, might have made the adjustment by
that time and would therefore have shown little
change in May 1954. Others may not have been
touched by the decline until after May 1954.
Changes in Average Hours and Employment
The decline in manufacturing activity from May
1953 to May 1954 was accompanied by reduced
employment, less overtime work, and more parttime work. The number of production workers
employed in manufacturing establishments de
clined by 1.5 million, from 13.9 to 12.4 million.
This decline extended to 20 of the 21 major in
dustry groups; only the printing and publishing
industry showed an increase. At the same time, a
reduction in hours of work occurred in all but the
tobacco and petroleum industry groups (table 1).
A ranking of the relative changes over the period
in both employment and hours for the 21 major
groups indicates that the manner in which labor
input (total man-hours) was reduced varied con
siderably among the industry groups. For ex-
1.— Changes in employment and average weekly hours in manufacturing industry groups, M ay 1953 and May 1954Average weekly hours
Production worker employment
Industry group
Ordnance and accessories------------------------------------------------Electrical machinery.........................................................................
Transportation equipment------------------------------------------Primary metal industries------------------------- ---------------------Furniture and fixtures----------------------------------------------------Rubber products. - ........................................................................... .
Machinery (except electrical)..........................................................
Textile-mill p rodu cts.................................- .................................. .
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipment)------------------------------------Instruments and related products....................— ......................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...................................
Apparel and other finished textile products----------------------Leather and leather products....................................... - ..............
Stone, clay, and glass products................ ....................................
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----------- -----Chemicals and allied products----------------------------------------Products of petroleum and coal--------------------------------------Food and kindred products............................................................
Tobacco manufactures--------------------------------------------------Paper and allied products..............................................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries------------------------
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Number of workers
(in thousands)
M ay 1953
M ay 1954
191.0
945.5
1,580.3
1,146. 4
321.9
226.2
1,335.3
1,107. 6
125.2
791.2
1,342. 4
975.6
276.5
197.0
1,165.0
968.6
949.0
243.7
414.2
1,072. 8
342.2
462.3
720.9
553.4
187.2
1,060.4
83.2
436.7
509.0
833.3
219.5
373.9
984.9
315.1
426.9
678.5
525.3
178.6
1,031.1
81.5
432.5
514.7
Percent
change,
M ay 1953
to
M ay 1954
-3 4 . 5
-1 6 .3
-1 5 .1
-1 4 .9
-1 4 .1
-1 2 .9
12.8
-
Rank,
based on
change
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-1 2 .5
8
12.2
- 9 .9
- 9 .7
10
11
-
-
8.2
9
12
2.8
2.0
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1.0
20
+ 1.1
21
-7 .9
- 7 .7
- 5 .9
- 5 .1
-4 .6
-
M ay 1953
M ay 1954
Percent
change,
M ay 1953
to
M ay 1954
41.4
40.8
41.3
41.3
41.0
40.3
42.6
39.4
40.0
39.5
40.6
38.4
38.8
39.7
40.6
37.3
-3 .4
-3 .2
- 1 .7
- 7 .0
- 5 .4
- 1 .5
-4 .7
-5 .3
9
11.5
16
1
2
17
6
3.5
42.1
41.6
40.9
36.5
37.4
41.2
40.8
41.4
41.1
41.0
36.9
43.0
39.0
40.7
39.6
39.4
34.9
35.4
40.4
39.9
40.9
41.2
40.8
37.3
42.1
38.2
- 3 .3
-4 .8
-3 .7
-4 .4
- 5 .3
- 1 .9
- 2 .2
- 1 .2
+ .2
-.5
+ 1 .1
- 2 .1
- 2 .1
10
5
8
7
3.5
11.
13
18
20
19
21
14.
14.
Rank,
based on
change
LENGTH OF WORKWEEK IN MANUFACTURING
ample, the ordnance, electrical machinery, and
transportation equipment industry groups experi
enced the largest relative decreases in employment
but smaller reductions in the workweek than many
of the other groups. The leather group, on the
other hand, reduced its workweek more sharply
than 17 of the other groups, but its employment
reduction exceeded that of only 7 others. Primary
metals and furniture ranked high, with sub
stantial reductions in both employment and hours.
By contrast, four nondurable goods industries—
chemicals, petroleum, food, and tobacco—had
small changes in both categories over the year.
Average and Scheduled Workweek. The average
workweek reported by establishments is influenced
by such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover,
part-time work, and stoppages, and is therefore
somewhat lower than the scheduled workweek.
It is estimated that, because of these factors, a
reported average workweek of 38 hours approxi
mates a scheduled 40-hour week.
In May 1954, more than three-fourths of the
production workers in manufacturing industries
were in establishments reporting an average work
week of 38 hours or more—78 percent as compared
with 86 percent in May 1953 (table 2). By indus
try group, the proportion of workers in this cate
gory ranged from a high of 97 percent (instru
ments) to a low of 50 percent (apparel) in the
earlier month, and from 96 percent (petroleum) to
34 percent (apparel) in May 1954. The propor
tion in this category exceeded 85 percent in both
months in the metal-using industries (ordnance,
machinery, fabricated metals, transportation
equipment, and instruments). In the metalproducing (primary metals) group, however, the
proportion declined from 94 to 66 percent.
Although all of the durable-goods industry
groups showed some decline in the proportion of
workers in this category, certain nondurables—
tobacco, chemicals, and petroleum—actually ex
perienced a small increase. However, two of the
major nondurable goods industries—textiles and
apparel—experienced substantial reductions—
from 75 to 52 percent and from 50 to 34 percent,
respectively.
Overtime and Part-time Work, f While the 40hour week was generally maintained infmanufacturing industries in May 1954, reductions in
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1313
overtime hours during the preceding 12-month
period lowered the proportion of workers in estab
lishments reporting 42 or more hours (table 3).
Nevertheless, about 24 percent of factory workers
were still in such establishments in May 1954.
With the decline in the 42-or-more-hour cate
gory, the proportion averaging at least 38 but less
than 42 hours increased, and included more than
half of all factory workers in May 1954. As a
result, there was a heavier concentration of em
ployees within a range of 2 hours about the 40hour mark.
The scheduling of overtime had been more
extensive in durable goods than in nondurable
goods in May 1953, when 45 percent of all durable
goods workers and 32 percent of all nondurable
goods workers were in plants averaging 42 or
more hours. By May 1954, these proportions had
declined to 24 percent in both durables and non
durables.
The largest downward shift in the durable goods
industries occurred in primary metals. In May
1953, 4 out of 10 workers in this industry were in
plants averaging 42 hours or more; a year later,
this proportion was only 1 out of 10. Further,
there was an almost sixfold increase in the underT able 2.— Distribution of 'production workers in manu
facturing industry groups, by average weekly hours, May
1953 and May 1954Percent of production workers in
establishments reporting aver
age weekly hours of—
Industry group
Under 38
M ay
1953
M ay
1954
38 and over
M ay
1953
M ay
1954
Manufacturing........... ...................................
13.8
22.0
86.2
78.0
Durable g o o d s.._______ _________
Ordnance and accessories______ _____ _
Lumber and wood products (except fur
niture)— _________ _________________
Furniture and fixtures_________________
Stone, clay, and glass products...................
Primary metal industries_____ ____ ____
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transportation
equipment)_________________________
Machinery (except electrical)__________
Electrical m achin ery.................................
Transportation equipment..........................
Instruments and related products.........
Miscellaneous manufacturing.....................
8.2
7.2
16.4
11.5
91.8
92.8
83.6
88.5
18.6
15. 7
16.0
5.8
21.1
26.4
19.2
33.8
81.4
84.3
84.0
94.2
78.9
73.6
80.8
66.2
9.0
5.7
10.6
6.2
3.5
14.8
13.2
10.7
12.7
12.0
10.3
22.6
91.0
94.3
89.4
93.8
96.5
85.2
86.8
89.3
87.3
88.0
89.7
77.4
24.0
16.5
43.6
25.0
31.5
17.4
37.5
47.7
76.0
83.5
56.4
75.0
68.5
82.6
62.5
52.3
50.4
5.2
66.5
7.5
49.6
94.8
33.5
92.5
41.2
8.3
9.6
23.7
41.3
46.4
4.9
4.5
31.5
59.6
58.8
91.7
90.4
76.3
58.7
53.6
95.1
95.5
68.5
40.4
Nondurable goods_______________
Food and kindred products____________
Tobacco manufactures_________________
Textile-mill products___ ________ _____
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts_________ _______ _______________
Paper and allied products______________
Printing, publishing, and allied indus
tries_________ ____ _ __________ _____
Chemicals and allied products...................
Products of petroleum and coal_________
Rubber products.................. .........................
Leather and leather products___________
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER li>54
1314
Changes in Earnings and Aggregate Man-Hours
38-hour category—from 6 to 34 percent. Similar
changes occurred in the metals-using industries
but to a lesser extent. In transportation equip
ment, however, the downward shift from the
42-and-over group was offset by a heavier con
centration of employees in the 40-42 category;
as a result, there was virtually no change in the
proportion working 40 hours or more.
Despite the high level of industrial activity in
May 1953, only 13 percent of all workers were
in establishments reporting an average workweek
of 46 hours or more. Two industries, machinery
and paper, reported more than 23 percent of their
workers in this category. By May 1954, only 7
percent of all factory workers were still in this
category; the proportion for durables declined
more sharply (from 14 to 7 percent) than that for
nondurables (from 9 to 7 percent). Thus, al
though in May 1953 a larger proportion of workers
in the durables group than in the nondurables
were in the 46-or-more category, these two were
equal a year later. In May 1954, the food and
paper industry groups had a greater proportion
of workers in plants with an average of 46 hours
or more than any other group.
When the workweek declines, gross average
hourly earnings decrease to the extent that pre
mium (overtime) rates were paid for the lost hours.
However, for the average factory worker, the loss
in hourly earnings which resulted from the May
1953-May 1954 reduction in overtime was more
than offset by wage-rate increases, as hourly earn
ings rose from $1.76 in May 1953 to $1.81 in May
1954. These increases also cushioned the effect of
the shorter workweek on weekly earnings. In May
1954, gross average weekly earnings of production
workers in manufacturing industries were $71.13,
only 50 cents less than a year earlier.
The Bureau’s indexes of aggregate man-hours
measure the composite effect of changes in both
employment and hours. During the period under
study, the factory man-hours index declined from
114.5 to 99.1. Had the workweek remained un
changed between May 1953 and May 1954, the
index would nonetheless have declined to 102.5.
One-fifth of the reduction in man-hours for manu
facturing as a whole may thus be attributed to the
reduced workweek for the average factory worker.
T able 3.— Distribution of production workers in manufacturing industry groups, by length of workweek, May 1953
and May 1954
Percent of production workers in establishments reporting average weekly hours of—
Under
30
Industry group
30-31.9
32-33.9
34-35.9
36-37.9
38-39.9
40-41.9
42-43.9
44-45.9
46-47.9
48-49.9
50 and
over
1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954
Manufacturing ____________
. . _ _ .. -
1.3 2.1 0.7 1.9 1.8 3.1 3.0 5.2 7.0 9.7 22.8 26.2 23.5 27.9 16.9 11.4 10.7 5.8 5.8 3.3 3.2 1.7 3.5 1.9
.6 1.0 .3 1.2 .8
Durable goods_______________________
.4 .1 0
.6 0
Ordnance and accessories _ ____ ___ ___ __
Lumber and wood products (except furniture). 1.8 3.5 1.1 1.1 2.5
2.7
2.1
.7
2.7
1.0
Furniture and fix tu r e s ._____________ ___
Stone, clay, and glass products_______ ____ 2.0 3.2 .8 1.6 2.1
.5
2.5
.5
2.9
.5
Primary metal industries___ _______________
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipment). .6 .8 .4 .6 .4
. 5 .3 .1 1.1 .8
Machinery (except electrical).. . . . . . . .
1.2 .4 .1 .8 .3
Electrical machinery___ ________________
.1 .3 .1 .7 .9
Transportation e q u ip m e n t..___ _______ . . .
.1 . 1 . 1 .3 .3
Instruments and related products. . _____
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_____ 1.2 1.4 .5 1.1 1.5
Nondurable goods.. _____ ____ . . . .
Food and kindred products_______________ .
Tobacco manufactures.. _______ _ . . _____
Textile-mill products______________ . . . . .
Apparel and other finished textile products..
Paper and allied products...
______
Printing, publishing, and allied industries___
Chemicals and allied products.. . _________
Products of petroleum and c o a l.. __________
Rubber products______ ____ _____________
Leather and leather products____ ___________
Less than 0.05 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2.5
2.3
.7
2.1
6.2
.1
1.5
.7
2.7
2.1
7.6
3.9
2.2
3.0
5.2
13.8
.3
1.6
.3
.1
.5
12. 7
1.6
1.0
.3
1.6
3.5
.2
3.7
.2
P)
.7
4.4
3.2
.6
5.6
6.3
8.2
.4
4.7
.1
.2
(i)
6.9
3.5
2.9
25.5
4.0
6.8
.4
6.5
.2
0
.6
4.7
2.2
.1
2.7
4.3
1.6
6.6
1.8
1.2
4.4
6.0
2.4
1.5
3.9
.4
4.2
8.7
4.7
6.9
4.7
5.6
8.8
5.9
8.7
2.8
8.1
10.3
9.6
8.0
8.1
14.9
24.0
27.6
16.5
23.4
20.5
24.6
29.7
31.6
21.0
32.5
24.1
28.6
23.2
25.3
20.2
19.3
23.7
26.3
30.0
41.7
22.4
18.5
27.7
26.1
18.1
10.7
16.6
15.2
16.3
21.2
11.4
6.9
11.8
8.9
10.9
6.5
12.3
13.0
11.6
11.8
9.6
10.5
5.8
2.0
11.3
7.0
7.8
2.6
6.6
7.8
5.9
7.4
6.3
6.9
3.4
3.2
5.3
3.2
4.4
1.2
3.7
2.9
4.8
4.8
4.1
2.4
1.5
2.4
3.7
2.1
2.7
.6
3.8
5.5
5.8
2.3
3.6
2.3
1.7
.7
3.4
1.2
3.1
.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
.9
1.8
3.2
1.7
1.2
1.9
1.5
.4
3.3
3.1
2.1
1.4
5.1
1.0
5.3
5.9
3.1
7.1
3.6
2.6
8.3
7.1
5.9
8.8
5.0
7.1
11.6
18.7
21.4
23.6
31.2
15.1
23.2
28.2
33.7
36.4
25.7
31.9
31.6
22.5
24.1
21.6
22.1
25.7
23.8
26.4
30.8
34.6
30.7
47.7
25.4
15.3
14.3
23.2
16.6
39.2
15.8
12.2
10.0
8.5
18.8
4.6
7.8
15.0
11.4
14.4
12.9
9.4
9.8
7.2
6.5
5.2
6.3
3.2
5.0
9.3
9.6
3.4
5.3
3.7
5.1
7.6
3.2
1.9
3.7
.8
3.5
4.5
6.6
1.9
2.8
2.8
4.1
2.9
2.1
.2
1.0
1.1
2.6
5.6
7.0
1. 5
3.0
.7
3.3
2.3
3.0
.5
1.7
.3
1.6
4.5
3.0
14.8
7.7
9.7
.5
5.9
.6
.4
.6
6.8
5.2
3.7
3.9
6.0
13.2
2.0
10.3
.9
1.1
2.0
7.4
7.4
4.5
5.6
10.6
14.0
1.9
12.0
.9
.8
6.9
17.3
11.2
6.6
13.2
11.3
20.7
2.5
19.2
6.3
5.8
18.3
17.2
12.5
7.1
8.5
17.9
20.8
4.4
22.2
3.0
3.0
23.5
15.9
20.4
19.9
36.4
26.1
25.0
9.2
20.9
14.9
8.8
17.5
28.3
19.9
22.6
32.1
20.2
19.5
12.6
23.9
18.7
8.7
19.2
24.0
24.0
22.6
13.4
22.0
15.2
24.7
18.2
35.4
54.8
23.0
16.1
24.3
25.4
20.7
16.1
7.8
25.9
15.9
47.7
58.4
24.1
10.1
14.5 11.4
16.9 12.5
4.8 5.8
12.5 8.5
4.1 3.4
20.5 21.0
9.6 6.9
25.4 18.3
13.7 15.4
16.9 13.4
6.8 2.5
7.7
10.2
1.3
8.8
2.3
13.6
4.4
8.6
3.8
7.6
4.2
5.7
8.2
.6
3.8
1.2
15.6
3.5
5.1
6.8
4.9
2.2
4.3
4.9
.4
3.5
1.3
12.0
2.4
2.6
4.8
8.4
1.3
3.0
5.0
0
2.2
.7
7.8
1.2
2.0
1.4
4.8
1.0
2.2
3.6
0
.7
.6
7.3
1.2
1.9
2.5
1.1
1.2
1.9
3.6
3.3
.7
.3
4.8
.8
1.8
2.0
1.3
.3
2.9
5.3
.1
1.3
1.0
7.6
2.1
2.9
2.0
1.8
.8
2.2
5.3
0
.8
.5
4.7
1.4
1. 5
2.8
.8
.4
Movements in
Commodity Prices
Since 1951
G erard H . C o r m ier *
P r ic e s in a competitive economy represent the
final expression of the interplay of supply and
demand. Changes in the direction and level of
prices over a period of time, therefore, constitute
economic barometers of prime importance. From
the end of 1951 through mid-1954, the overall
stability of commodity prices has been the most
impressive characteristic portrayed by general
price indexes. An analysis of commodity group
ings of the Wholesale Price Index prepared by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics 1 indicates that this
stability has occurred primarily as a result of off
setting price fluctuations, rather than from a situa
tion of complete price rigidity.
Over the entire period, the price index for in
dustrial commodities reveals something of a para
dox: prices declined during the period of price
controls and production allocations for defense re
quirements, but they were stable following decon
trol, even though drastic production shifts had
occurred as the emphasis changed from war pro
duction to more normal peacetime requirements.
Economic shifts of this nature, without substantial
fluctuations in the general movement of prices,
have rarely occurred in the past. Price and pro
duction indexes demonstrate quite clearly that
despite a status of partial defense mobilization
since 1951, the productive capacity of the United
States has been more than adequate for most
civilian and military requirements. Indeed, in
many areas, particularly textiles, leather and
leather products, and coal, surplus capacity was
available at all times. Moreover, the increasing
effect of seasonal factors on prices of many com3220 6 1 -
54 -
-2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
modities points up the fact that supply and de~
mand are in balance and that short-term cyclical
factors are again important considerations in the
determination of price and production levels.
Farm and Food Prices
Because agricultural products provide the raw
materials for many industries, as well as the source
of the essential food requirements of the Nation,
probably no broad commodity group in the Whole
sale Price Index exerts more influence over the
entire economy. A steady decline in prices of this
group started early in 1951 and continued at an
average rate of about 0.7 percent per month
through mid-1953; in only 8 of these 27 months
were prices higher than in the preceding month.
Since then, the underlying trend of farm product
prices has been horizontal; although they have
been moving by large amounts from month to
month, in half of the 12 months the index was
higher than it had been in the preceding month.
The movement of the past year suggests that sup
port programs for basic agricultural commodities
have effectively stabilized farm prices at approxi
mately support levels. The acquisition of large
stocks of agricultural commodities—grains, fibers,
and dairy products—by the Commodity Credit
Corporation attest to the strong role played by
agricultural price support programs in stabilizing
farm prices. (See table 1.)
Within the farm products group, the price move
ments of livestock in 1953-54 were a balance be
tween conflicting movements for individual items.
Sharp month-to-month variations in the first 9
months of 1953 reflected an erratic relationship
between rising prices for hogs and decreasing prices
for cattle, mainly in the lower grades. In the last
quarter of the year, however, hog prices declined
sharply from their summer peaks while cattle
prices leveled off. The net result was a substantial
decrease for the entire year. These price fluctua
tions for hogs and cattle reflected the supply and
marketing situations for each commodity. Rela
tively low prices for hogs in 1952 caused a sharp
cutback in farrowings for 1953, and this, in turn,
caused the price rise. As the cattle cycle is con*Of the Bureau’s Division of Prices and Cost of Living.
1
The Wholesale Price Index measures changes from month to month in
commodity prices at the primary market or wholesale level of distribution.
The index, calculated on a 1947-49=100 base is published m onthly (see table
D -9, p. 1425 of this issue).
1315
1316
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T able 1.
'Total investment in selected commodities by the Commodity Credit Corporation, July 81, years 1951-54
[All figures in millions]
1951
Commodity
Quantity
W heat___________________
Cotton, upland_________________
Com _______ _____________
Butter___________________ _____
Wool___________________ .
Tobacco_____________________
1952
Bushels___________
Bales, 500 lbs______
Bushels.......................
Pounds___________
____do______
------ do_____________
Value
Quantity
Value
218.8
79.0
537.2
.2
$530.1
15.6
813.6
.1
215.1
287.0
344.6
$514.7
38.3
544.1
250.9
116.2
13.1
381.2
5.7
193.3
siderably longer than the hog cycle, the individual
producer cannot react as rapidly to changing de
mand situations. Cattle prices began to soften
early in 1952 but did not reach their postwar low
until November 1953. The decline was acceler
ated by the drought in the summer and fall which
reduced the amount of low-cost feed, including
possibility of range feeding, and forced many pro
ducers to sell their animals. During the first half
of 1954, livestock prices remained at about the
level prevailing in the second half of 1953.
Prices of raw fibers, cotton and wool, were ex
tremely stable over the entire period since 1951,
while fluid milk prices followed their normal sea
sonal pattern of decreasing in the first half of the
year and increasing in the second half. Grain
prices in 1953 dropped sharply between May and
June, then recovered steadily until April 1954.
Thereafter, the average level of grain prices re
mained relatively stable at average 1953 levels.
Average prices of processed foods over the period
followed the general trend of farm prices but with
a marked difference as to the time and degree of
change. Thus, processed food prices declined ap
proximately 5 percent from 1951 through March
1953, when the index registered its low point of the
period. By contrast, farm prices continued to de
cline for 7 additional months and by November
1953 had declined 17 percent from 1951 average
prices. Processed food prices tended to be more
inflexible because of the additional fixed cost fac
tors incurred in processing, as well as the difference
in their final demand schedule. Moreover, wages
and transportation rates, both primary elements
in the cost structure, had continued to rise since
1951.
Price movements within this important com
modity group daring 1953-54 were largely seasonal
in nature, although, as with farm products, there
were conflicting movements by types of products.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1953
1954
U nit of measure
Quantity
536.9
2,040.0
524.1
248.2
129.7
458.9
Value
$1,339.9
313.4
835.8
165.9
80.2
219.7
Quantity
883.1
6,940.0
761.3
502.6
146.9
524.7
Value
$2,214.0
1,143.9
1,213.3
324.9
96.2
227.3
Due partly to the drop in support prices for butterfat in April 1954, dairy products had declined 5
percent from their 1953 level by July 1954. Meats,
on the other hand, increased about 3 percent over
1953 levels in 1954. Bakery products and canned
fruits and vegetables also rose over the period.
Important types of raw foods such as eggs and
fresh produce are excluded from the processed foods
index.
Prices of All Other Commodities
The effect on the all-commodities index of the 14
percent decline in farm prices between 1951 and
mid-1954 was diluted, to a large extent, by the
small drop (less than 2 percent) in average pri
mary market prices for all other commodities over
the same period. The comprehensive Wholesale
Price Index, as a result, reflected only a 4 percent
decline. Practically the entire amount of this de
crease occurred in 1951 and 1952, when both agri
cultural and industrial prices were declining,
though at very different rates. Following the
termination of OPS price regulations in early 1953,
industrial commodities recovered some of their pre
vious decline and in 1954 were only 1.3 percent
below the 1951 peak. This increase was confined
to certain commodity groups and was concentrated
in the late spring and early summer. The behav
ior of commodity prices following decontrol in 1953
was in marked contrast to the sharp rise of prices
after the ending of wartime controls in 1946, when
there was a large unsatisfied demand for civilian
goods.
If the nonfarm, nonfood commodity price
indexes are grouped with reference to the year in
which they attained their highest price level
since the end of World War II, the various com
modity groups tend to divide into two definite
categories, corresponding roughly to nondurable
1317
MOVEMENTS IN COMMODITY PRICES
and durable manufactures. (See table 2.) The
“nondurable manufactures group” (textiles, hides
and skins, chemicals, rubber, lumber, and pulp
and paper) reached its price peak in 1951. The
“durable manufactures group,” on the other hand,
did not attain its highest yearly level until 1953
or 1954. (In addition to metals, machinery,
furniture, and structural nonmetallic minerals,
this group includes fuel, power, and lighting
materials, and tobacco manufactures and bottled
beverages, since their price movements were in
this category.) For the first 7 months of 1954,
industrial primary market prices continued to
reflect basically the same situation that existed in
the last half of 1953. Thus, average prices for
most nondurable commodity groups fluctuated in a
narrow range, although at much lower levels than
those prevailing in 1951. On the other hand,
prices for most durable groups continued to rise.
Exceptions were fuel, power, and lighting mate
rials, which declined slightly, and metals and metal
products, which remained unchanged. The rela
tive stability of industrial commodity prices
through July 1954 reflected the balance achieved
by offsetting price fluctuations since 1951 for
nondurable and durable manufactures.
The rate of decrease for industrial commodity
groups differed significantly among the non
durables. Over the first 7 months of 1954, average
prices for textile products and apparel and hides,
skins, and leather products were at levels 14 and
T a b l e 2 .— Highest
21 percent below their 1951 peaks, respectively.
These averages were slightly below 1949 levels
and thus at their lowest level for the postwar
period. The weakness exhibited by these two
commodity groups was caused principally by
sharp declines in prices for cotton and wool prod
ucts and for cattle hides. The fact that these
price drops are similar to those for plant and
animal fibers and for livestock makes it apparent
that supply had early caught up with demand for
these two commodity groups. Prices for all other
nonagricultural materials and products continued
to range from 10 to 40 percent above their lowest
postwar level. Demand remained generally strong
for chemicals, lumber and wood products, and
pulp, paper, and allied products. However,
prices declined moderately for these commodity
groups because productive capacity was greater
than demand. A sharp decrease for rubber
products (15.3 percent below the 1951 high) was a
direct reflection of the gyrations in the price of
crude rubber, which in turn were due to the
changing political situation in the Far East.
The continued rise in 1954 of average prices for
commodities in the durable manufactures group
was, in part, a direct reflection of the ability of
producers to pass through at least some of the
wage increases granted in 1953 and 1954. High
levels of construction of both homes and industrial
facilities in 1954 was unquestionably a primary
factor underlying the price strength for many of
and lowest yearly wholesale price indexes for all commodity groups in period 1947—53 and average index,
first 7 months of 1954
[Indexes, 1947-49=100]
Highest year
Commodity group
All commodities _ ____ ________ __ _______________________________
AU commodities except farm and food.. -------------- --------- ----------------Agricultural commodities:
Farm products
__ _ ___________________________________
Processed foods
_ _ _____________________________________
Miscellaneous
_ _ ___________________________________
Industrial commodities:
Textile products and apparel
______________________________
Hides slrins, and leather p ro d u cts_____________________________
Chemicals and allied products _________________________________
Rubber and products
___________________________________
Taim her and wood p ro d u cts___________________________________
Pnl tv naner and allied nroducts .
_ ___________
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Fuel newer and liVbtinor materials
Metals and metal products
_ _ _ ______________________
Machinery and motive products _
__________________________
Furniture and other household durables
________ . . . . . . . ___
"Nonmetallic minerals—structural
__________________ - _______
Tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages___________________
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
First 7
months
1954, aver
age index
Year
Index
Lowest year
Year
Index
Percent
increase,
lowest year
to average
for first 7
months 1954
Percent
decrease,
highest year
to average
for first 7
months 1954
110.6
114.4
1951
1951
114.8
115.9
1947
1947
96.4
95.3
14.7
20.0
3.7
1.3
97.5
105.8
105.3
1951
1951
1952
113.4
111.4
108.3
1949
1949
1949
92.8
95.7
96.1
5.1
10.6
9.6
14.0
5.0
2.8
95.1
95.2
107.1
125.3
116.9
116.4
1951
1951
1951
1951
1951
1951
110.6
120.3
110.0
148.0
123.9
119.6
1949
1949
1949
1949
1947
1949
95.5
96.9
94.8
98.9
93.7
98.6
-.4
- 1 .8
13.0
26.7
24.8
18.1
14.0
20.9
2.6
15.3
5.6
2.7
108.8
126.9
124.4
115.3
120.4
120.0
1953
1954
1954
1954
1954
1954
109.5
126.9
124.4
115.3
120.4
120.0
1947
1947
1947
1947
1947
1947
90.9
91.3
92.5
95.6
93.9
97.2
19.7
40.0
34.5
20.6
28.2
23. 5
.7
0
0
0
0
0
1318
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
these commodities, particularly furniture, nonmetallic minerals, heavy machinery, and structural
metal products. The slight decline in 1954 in
average prices for the fuels group was due to lower
coal prices resulting from the continuation of the
long-term economic displacement of coal by oil
and gas and to sharp price declines in average
prices for refined petroleum products. The ac
cumulation of large stocks of refined products
emphasized the strong emergence of seasonal
factors affecting the demand for these products,
particularly gasoline and distillate fuels. Although
tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages are,
of course, nondurable goods, they followed the
general price trend of most durable commodities
since 1951. This divergence may be explained
by the fact that these commodities are affected
by a different demand schedule.
The movement of prices for the miscellaneous
commodity group was largely the result of very
sharp movements in prices of animal feeds. The
net effect of these price changes, however, was
diminished by stability in the prices of two other
subgroups—toys and sporting goods, and jewelry
and notions. The prices of animal feeds are
closely related to livestock prices (although some
what exaggerated) so that the group as a whole
moved very similarly to livestock. (For this
reason, the miscellaneous group is shown under
agricultural commodities on table 2.)
Industrial Production
Production data, as well as prices, are an
integral component of a supply and demand
schedule. A brief analysis of industrial produc
tion since 1951 is necessary in order to bring into
perspective the relationship of production and
industrial prices. In the postwar period, total
industrial production, as measured by the Federal
Reserve Board index, reached its peak in 1953;
moreover, peak production for almost all individual
commodity groups was also recorded in that year.
As already noted, the postwar peak of industrial
prices as a whole was registered in 1951, although
some individual commodity groups did not reach
their highest price levels until 1953 or 1954.
Remaining shortages disappeared in almost all
areas of tight supply with the record rate of pro
duction in the first half of 1953. By mid-1953,
production exceeded apparent demand for many
commodities, and producers began to cut back
production in order to reduce mounting inven
tories.
Price reductions and production cutbacks are
primary, orthodox methods for bringing supply
and demand into realistic balance, particularly
when inventories are accumulating rapidly. A
host of considerations determine whether these
methods are used simultaneously, separately, or in
a staggered sequence over a period of time. Indi-
T able 3 .—Industrial production, 1951-54
Indexes, 1947-49=100
Percent change to average, first 7 months
o f 1954 fr o m —
Industry or industry group
1951
Total production...... .................................
Agricultural manufactures:
Food manufactures 1____________
Industrial manufactures:
Nondurables:
Textiles and apparel_________
Leather products.................. ......
Chemicals___________ _______
Rubber products____________
Lumber and products............ .
Paper and allied products____
Durables: 2
Mineral fuels________________
Primary m etals.____________
Machinery___ _______ _______
Furniture and fixtures_______
Stone, clay, and glass products
Tobacco manufactures_______
1952
1953
Average, first
7 months of
1954
1951
1952
1953
120
124
134
124
+ 3 .3
0
- 7 .5
105
106
108
101
- 3 .8
- 4 .7
- 6 .5
106
94
136
119
113
125
105
99
137
116
111
120
107
99
147
128
118
132
99
95
147
112
113
132
- 6 .6
+1.1
+8.1
- 5 .9
0
+ 5 .6
- 5 .7
- 4 .0
+ 7.3
-3 .4
+ 1 .8
+10.0
- 7 .5
- 4 .0
0
-1 2 .5
- 4 .3
0
114
126
130
111
131
107
113
116
147
113
125
110
115
132
160
113
106
140
104
129
103
-.9
-1 5 .9
+ 7 .7
- 6 .3
- 1 .5
- 3 .7
0
- 8 .6
- 4 .8
-8 .0
+ 3 .2
-6 .4
- 1 .7
-1 9 .7
-1 2 .5
-1 1 .1
- 4 .0
- 4 .6
117
133
108
' I^o d manufactures are classified by the Federal Reserve Board under nondurables.
Mineral fuels and tobacco manufactures are classified by the Federal Reserve Board under minerals and nondurables, respectively.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
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MOVEMENTS IN COMMODITY PRICES
vidual producers in a given broad commodity
area seldom are able to select unilaterally the
method they desire to employ. Although produc
tion for nondurable manufactures continued ^to
climb until 1953, substantial price declines had
taken place for nondurable commodities in 1951
and 1952. Price reductions for many nondurable
manufactures often add broad groups of con
sumers previously not in the market because of
price considerations. For many durable manu
factures, on the other hand, average prices were
strong and increasing during 1953 and 1954, while
production was sharply curtailed during most of
this period. Thus, a substantial production drop
for durable manufactures was not accompanied by
a simultaneous or prior decrease in average prices.
For durable manufactures, price is not usually
a primary factor in stimulating demand. Other
factors, such as level of farm income and new plant
expenditures, are very often of more importance
than price in determining final demand for these
so-called hard goods. Over a short term, at
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1319
least, durable-goods producers are best able to
effect smooth transitions from one economic level
to another without drastic revisions in prevailing
prices. High capital requirements, high replace
ment costs, wages, and transportation rates, as
well as the high ratio of fixed costs at low produc
tion levels, all contribute to the relative inelasticity
of prices when demand for durables is decreasing.
However, small concessions, equivalent to price
reductions, were increasingly evident for many
durables in 1953 and 1954. These included
increased quality at no price change, more compre
hensive service, and limited absorption of freight
charges to meet area competition. The effect of
these adjustments is difficult to measure, but in
total they would not affect the direction of move
ment of price indexes. In addition, the removal
of the excess-profits tax, the offset of current losses
against future profits, and the rapid amortization
for defense plants have helped to ease, at least
temporarily, the price pressure exerted by the
existence of idle capacity.
Growth of Aircraft
and Parts Industry,
1939 to 1954
MANNIE KUPINSKY*
A i r c r a f t have developed into military weapons
of major importance and a major transportation
medium during the past 15 years. As a result,
the aircraft and parts manufacturing industry has
grown to be the largest manufacturing employer.
The industry employed an average of 811,100
workers during the first 9 months of 1954, and
other industries manufacturing various types of
goods and services in support of aircraft produc
tion probably employed a similar number.
Manufacturing methods have changed mate
rially since 1939 because of improved aircraft
design, greater complexity of models, and increased
output. Custom-manufacturing methods have
been replaced by advanced production techniques
using larger and more numerous machine tools
and assembly-line methods. These changes and
the more intensive research and development pro
gram required have also modified the industry’s
occupational composition. Professional, scien
tific, and technical employees comprised a much
larger proportion of the work force in 1954 than
in 1939. Another major change has been the
decline in the proportion of craftsmen as volume
production methods were introduced and workers
were assigned to more specialized and repetitive
tasks.
While the industry’s employment expansion
following the outbreak of Korean hostilities
passed its peak early in 1954, the aircraft and
parts industry still had a backlog in orders of over
$15 billion at the end of June 1954. Employment
is expected to decline only moderately from
797,200 in September 1954 to around 760,000 in
1320
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the fall of 1955. Relatively high levels of em
ployment may be expected to continue at least
through March 1957.
Employment Trends
Aircraft and Parts Total. In September 1954, the
aircraft and parts manufacturing industry em
ployed 797,200 workers compared with the 1939
average of only 63,200 workers. Employment
reached an all time peak of 1,345,600 in 1943 and
then dropped to 237,300 in 1946 (chart 1). These
cycles of expansion and contraction in aircraft
employment reflect, of course, the changing re
quirements of the Armed Forces; however, the
current high level stems as much from the very
substantial advancement in aeronautical science
since 1939, as from the strained international
situation and accompanying arms buildup. The
importance of aircraft to the Armed Forces has
grown immeasurably. They use the major types
of aircraft—airplanes, guided missiles, and heli
copters—and the different models within each
type for such varied missions as strategic bom
bardment, air defense, tactical support of the
Armed Forces, reconnaissance, liaison, transport,
and rescue.
Today’s airplanes are, of course, faster, heavier,
and more complex than those flown in 1939. A
typical modern fighter weighs about 18,000
pounds, whereas its counterpart used in World
War II weighed only 9,500. The complexity of
modern planes is indicated in the twenty-seven
fold increase in preflight engineering time required
for a modem fighter as compared with a World
War II fighter. Furthermore, a modern fighter
has 15 times as much electrical wiring as a World
War II fighter. Thus, modern aircraft design
requires that the aircraft manufacturer devote
more materials, man-hours, skills, and plant
facilities to each plane.
Civil aviation has also expanded substantially
over the past 15 years. Revenue passenger miles
flown by scheduled air carriers (both domestic and
international) rose from approximately 870 million
to 18 billion between 1939 and 1953. Plane miles
flown in all other civilian aviation activities
increased from 180 million to 1 billion between
1939 and 1952. As a result, the demand for civil
♦Of the Bureau’s Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics.
GROWTH OF AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
aircraft and the number of employees engaged in
making these craft have expanded greatly since
1939. Nevertheless, a lower proportion of the
industry’s work force is now engaged in civil
aircraft manufacturing than in 1939, owing to the
tremendous rise in military aircraft production.
Industry Subdivisions. While employment in the
aircraft and parts industry expanded thirteenfold
between 1939 and 1954, the rate of growth varied
among the four major branches of the industry.
The largest branch, aircraft, employed 496,400 in
September 1954, over 60 percent of all those
employed in the aircraft and parts industry. The
September employment level represented an
elevenfold expansion of the 1939 employment of
45,000. Plants in this branch of the industry
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1321
manufacture the airframe (usually subcontracting
some part of the work), purchase (or have fur
nished by the Government) the remaining parts
and equipment, and assemble and test the com
plete aircraft. They also carry on extensive
research and development work toward improving
existing models and designing new models of
aircraft.
The next largest branch, aircraft engine and
engine parts, employed 161,600 in September 1954,
about 20 percent of all aircraft employment.
Between 1939 and September 1954, the aircraft
engine branch increased its employment fifteen
fold. The very marked expansion of this branch
of the aircraft and parts industry is even more
clearly shown by the growth in its production
facilities. In January 1939, it had 1.7 million
1322
square feet of floor space; in June 1953, it had
42.1 million square feet or 25 times as much. Over
the same period, the airframe manufacturers’ floor
space increased only twelvefold. Plants in the
aircraft engine branch manufacture several differ
ent types of aircraft engines (reciprocating, turbo
jet, turboprop, ramjet, and rocket) and engine
parts. In addition, substantial resources are
invested in product research and development.
There are several reasons for the marked expan
sion in the aircraft engine branch of the industry.
First, planes designed since World War II generally
require more engines than previous models.
Second, a tremendous advance has occurred in
the development of propulsion units. During
World War II, the reciprocating engine was the
only type in operational use. Today, there are
several other types, generally larger and heavier
than World War II engines. Also, the research and
development program occupied the worktime of
11 percent of the workers employed in June 1952,
substantially above the 1939 proportion.
The third largest branch of the aircraft and
parts industry is 'parts and equipment manufactur
ing. Plants in this branch manufacture special
equipment for aircraft, such as bomb racks and
de-icing equipment, and make airframe sections
for the aircraft assemblers. The 122,000 workers
employed in this branch in September 1954
amounted to about 15 percent of the total aircraft
and parts employment. The employment trend
in this branch usually follows closely that in the
aircraft industry, except that in periods of rapid
expansion the rate of expansion in parts employ
ment is generally higher than that of any other
branch of the aircraft industry. For example,
between June 1950 (the beginning of the Korean
emergency) and September 1954, employment in
aircraft parts expanded almost fivefold, while
employment in the aircraft and aircraft engine
branches increased less than threefoldPlants in the fourth branch, aircraft propeller
and propeller parts, manufacture the many differ
ent types of propellers used on reciprocating and
turboprop engines. Employment totaled 17,200
in September 1954, about 2 percent of total em
ployment in aircraft and parts manufacturing.
Though employment in this branch kept pace
with the growth of total aircraft employment
through 1947, it has lagged since then. This lag
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
is caused by the substantial and continuing shift to
jet-propelled aircraft (which do not use propellers)
in the Armed Forces.
Secondary Employment. Several types of aircraft
parts and equipment are manufactured by work
ers outside the aircraft and parts industry. For
example, aircraft instruments and electronics
equipment are generally made in the industries
specializing in those products. A group of aircraft
engine parts, including electrical equipment, piston
rings, and valves, also fall into this category.
The number of employees devoted to making such
products outside the aircraft industry usually
varies closely with the level of production and
employment in aircraft industries.
However, the number of employees engaged in
manufacturing aircraft electronics equipment has
probably increased more rapidly in the past several
years than employment in the aircraft industry,
because of the large increases in the number of in
struments and the amount of electronics installed
in modern aircraft to enable them to fly above the
speed of sound, through all kinds of weather, and
to carry very complex offensive and defensive
weapons. According to the Aircraft Industries
Association, the cost of the electronics in a modern
bomber equals the total cost of 2 World War II
bombers. Furthermore, the number of workers
engaged in manufacturing guided missiles in plants
outside the aircraft industry has increased markedly
in the past 2 years.
A substantial number of workers in many other
industries produce goods and services in support
of aircraft production. Workers in mines, blast
furnaces, aluminum and steel rolling mills, trans
portation companies, public utilities, and many
other establishments contribute indirectly to air
craft production. The employment in activities
supporting aircraft production in such industries
is probably at least as large as that of the aircraft
industries.
Volume of Production
The foregoing employment trends reflect the
change in the volume of aircraft production (table
1). Production of all aircraft, in airframe pounds,
rose from 12.5 million in 1939 to an alltime peak
of 962.4 million pounds in 1944. However, peak
employment was reached in 1943, as the greatest
GROWTH OF AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
1323
amount of labor invested in building a plane
occurs several months before final delivery.
Military production dropped sharply at the
close of World War II, resulting in a low industry
production level of 29.3 million pounds of air
frames in 1947. However, the emergency in
Korea and the expanded defense program brought
production up to approximately 151 million pounds
by 1953, 12* times the 1939 production rate.
These figures exclude the airframe weight of spares.
Guided missile production, which is steadily
rising in volume, increased the industry’s total
activity.
T able 1.— Airframe weight 'production in the United States,
1989-5S 1
Year
Weight (excluding spares)
(in millions of airframe pounds)
Total
Military
1939_ ____________________________
1940_______________________________
1941_______________________________
1942_______________________________
1943______________ _____ __________
12.5
27.8
86.1
275.9
654.7
10.1
23.1
81.4
275.9
654.7
1944___ _____ ____________ ______ _
1945_______________________________
1946______________________ ____
1947_______________________________
1948_______________________________
962.4
542.2
38.4
29.3
35.3
962.4
540.5
12.9
11.4
25.2
1949___________ _____ _____ ________
1950_______________________________
1951_______________________________
1952_______________________________
1953_______________________________
36.5
2 42.2
2 55.1
2 114. 5
2 150. 8
29.8
2 36.2
2 50.0
2 105.0
2 140.0
Civil
2 2.4
2 4. 7
2 4.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.7
25.5
17.9
10.1
6.7
6.0
5.1
9.5
2 * 10.8
1 Data from Aviation Facts and Figures, 1953, Aircraft Industries Associa
tion of America, Inc., Washington, Lincoln Press Inc., 1953.
2 Estimated by the Aircraft Industries Association.
3 N o production other than military.
4 Actual January-August totaled 6,821,600 pounds.
Civil aircraft production amounted to only 7.2
percent of total production in 1953 (table 1). Be
cause of the postwar boom in private flying and
the particularly low rate of military production in
the immediate postwar years, civil output topped
military production in 1946 and 1947. However,
private flying did not grow as expected, and civil
demand for aircraft now comes chiefly from sched
uled commercial airlines and business executives.
Aircraft Manufacturing Methods
Aircraft manufacturing methods have under
gone substantial modification since 1939. These
changes, like the employment trends, have re
flected the varying levels of production'—partic
ularly the sharp expansions—and the changes in
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aircraft design. Airframe sections are now fabri
cated by new methods to insure their withstanding
the stress and heat of high-speed flight.
In 1939, airplanes were built by custom-manu
facturing methods. Only 2,200 of the 6,000 planes
built in 1939 were military planes; most of the
remainder were small, single-engine craft. Air
frame sections for the larger, all metal planes were
stamped out of aluminum and assembled by highly
skilled workmen using jigs, fixtures, and handtools.
After the airframe was assembled, workmen would
install the engines, propellers, and other equip
ment. The plane was then tested and delivered.
Custom-building methods were also used in air
craft engine manufacturing in 1939. Forgings
and castings were machined to shape on general
purpose machine tools by highly skilled machinetool operators. After some further processing,
the finished engine parts were assembled into the
aircraft engine by highly skilled assemblers. Air
craft propellers were manufactured by similar
methods.
Aircraft manufacturing methods are very differ
ent today. Airframe sections are formed by huge
stretch, extrusion, and forging presses and milling
machines. The number of “bits and pieces” com
prising the airframe has been reduced by making
larger and integrally stiffened sections for the
larger and faster planes. These sections are
welded or riveted together by large machines or
by hand equipment. Assembly-line techniques
have been adopted to the largest extent possible,
considering the great size of modem planes, their
complexity, and the many changes introduced
during production. Moving assembly lines are
used in a few plants.
Aircraft engine manufacturing methods have
also changed over the past 15 years, with a steady
substitution of specialized and automatic tools
for general purpose machine tools. For example,
one battery of machines automatically performs
as many as 35 operations on cylinder heads.
Assembly-line techniques are now very common
in this industry. Both airframe and engine plants
have subdivided manufacturing operations so
that individual workers specialize on a limited
number of operations. However, this ration
alization of manufacturing operations was made
possible by the present high levels of production
and may not be feasible at lower levels.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1324
Plant Size
Facilities in the aircraft and parts industry
were expanded very substantially from 1939 to
1953. Floorspace of airframe, engine, and pro
peller plants totaled 9.5 million square feet on
January 1, 1939, and 135.8 on June 30, 1953
(table 2). Between these two dates, the amount
of floorspace in use varied with the level of pro
duction. It reached a peak of 175 million square
feet in December 1943 and then, like production,
declined rapidly upon the end of World War II.
The Korean emergency precipitated a new
expansion.
Several factors in the postwar period, besides
the volume of production, impelled the industry
to expand its facilities. The trend toward larger
planes required more floorspace for manufacturing
and assembly. Increased floorspace was also
needed to accommodate the very large machine'
tools now used to fabricate airframe sections.
Lastly, the intensive research and development
program that the industry has carried on since
the end of World War II has required increased
facilities. Modern aircraft are developed and
planned in wind tunnels and laboratories, on
mechanical testing machines, and through the
building of experimental and prototype aircraft.
Moreover, the problems of transonic and super
sonic flight have required the construction of radi
cally different research equipment and facilities.
The establishments which carry on manufac
turing and research activities in the aircraft and
parts industry are, therefore, generally large both
in the amount of floorspace and size of work
T able 2.—Floorspace of aircraft, engine, and propeller
facilities, selected dates, 1939-53 1
Floorspace (In millions of square feet)
u axe
Total
Aircraft
Engine
Propeller
Jan. 1, 1939 ---------------------------Jan. 1, 1940- _________________
Jan. 1, 1941 - _ --------------------Jan. 1943
-- ----------- -Dec. 1943_____________________
9.5
13.1
25.5
2 117.1
2 175.0
7.5
9.6
17.9
77.5
110.4
1.7
3.0
6.5
31.8
54.2
0.3
.5
1.1
5.2
6.8
Dec. 1944 _______
- ------1947 2_________________________
1950 3_________________________
June 30, 1952 4_________________
June 30, 1953 4_________________
2 167.4
54.1
63.5
122.8
135.8
103.0
39.0
47.5
82.3
91.1
54.9
13.5
14.0
38.4
42.1
7.9
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.6
1 For source, see table 1, footnote 1.
2 Total includes glider facilities.
2 Estimated.
4 Data refer to floorspace “available for military production.”
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force. Currently, about 90 percent of the indus
try’s work force is employed in establishments
which have 500 or more employees.
Establishments in the aircraft branch of the
industry are especially large, the majority having
5.000 to 35,000 employees at each location.
Those making complete engines are also of
substantial size, the majority having 3,000 to
25.000 employees. The major propeller manu
facturing establishments have 2,000 or more
employees. Establishments in the aircraft parts
and equipment branch are generally small.
Work Force
Marked changes have occurred in the aircraft
and parts industry’s work force since 1939 as a
result of the increased complexity of aircraft,
increased volume of production, and the changes in
manufacturing methods. Management comprised
only 1.6 percent of total employment in the air
craft and parts industry in 1940, according to the
Bureau of Census. Today, this group—mainly
proprietors, managers, and officials—represents an
estimated 2.8 percent of the industry’s employ
ment. This higher proportion of administrative
and executive officials is needed to carry out the
difficult and complex task of developing and man
ufacturing constantly improved aircraft models.
The proportion of professional, semiprofessional,
and technical employees has greatly increased
since 1940, for the same reason. In 1940, this
group comprised only 9 percent of the industry’s
work force, while now it comprises 15 percent.
This group includes engineers, mathematicians,
physicists, chemists, biologists, other scientists,
draftsmen, and many other kinds of technicians
who perform research on aerodynamic, thermal,
and metallurgical problems, and on related
problems of human engineering such as the effect
of temperature and speed on aircrews.
Although the number of different skills used in
aircraft manufacturing has increased since 1939,
the proportion of skilled craftsmen in the industry
has declined with the change from custom
manufacturing to modified mass-production tech
niques. According to the Bureau of the Census,
craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers com
prised about 42 percent of all employees in the
industry in 1940. By 1954, the proportion had
1325
GROWTH OF AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
fallen to an estimated 27 percent, while the
proportion of operatives and kindred workers has
increased. In 1940, the Bureau of the Census
reported that the latter group made up about 30
percent of the industry’s employment while cur
rently it comprises an estimated 37 percent. The
shift between these two major occupational groups
reflects in part the decline in the proportion of
highly skilled machinists and mechanics in the
industry and an increase in the proportion of
specialized assemblers and machine-tool operators.
The proportion of women employed in the indus
try generally rises and falls with the volume of
production. In 1940, only 4 percent of the total
work force were women, whereas, in March 1954,
the proportion was 17 percent. Peak employment
of women occurred in November 1943 when they
comprised 37 percent of the work force. As the
industry contracted to its postwar size, there was
a sharp reduction in the proportion of women
employed.
ton, Kansas, Ohio, and Maryland; aircraft engine
manufacturing—Connecticut, Ohio, New Jersey,
Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York;
propeller manufacturing—Connecticut, Ohio, and
New Jersey; aircraft parts and auxiliary equip
ment manufacturing—California, New York,
Pennsylvania, Indiana, Michigan, and Missouri.
Hours, Earnings, and Turnover
Hiring in the aircraft and parts industry has
dropped sharply since the middle of 1953, but did
not fall below separations till the first 8 months of
1954. In contrast, separations have exceeded ac
cessions in all durable goods manufacturing since
July 1953, because employment declined more
sharply and earlier in the entire durable goods
group than in aircraft manufacturing.
T able 3 .— H o u r s a n d e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s i n th e
a ir c r a ft a n d p a r ts in d u s tr y , 1 9 4 7 -5 4
Year and month
Geographical Distribution
Employment in aircraft and parts manufactur
ing has spread out considerably from the 5 States
which in 1939 accounted for 82 percent of the total
employment. In May 1954, as shown below, the
5 leading States had only 61 percent of the total
employment. California remained the leading
State in aircraft employment, with almost 30
percent of the total. New York was next with
10 percent, closely followed by Ohio with 9 percent,
Connecticut with 7 percent, and Texas with 6
percent.
State
Percent of
total
employment1
California------ ____
____
New York_
____
Ohio
Connecticut ._____
____
Texas _ _
____
Kansas _
____
Washington
____
Maryland
29. 6
10. 2
8. 7
7. 3
5. 6
5. 4
5. 1
3. 8
State
New Jersey.Pennsylvania
I n d ia n a __
Missouri _
Other States
Total
Percent of
total
employment1
.____
___
____
____
_.____
3. 7
3. 3
3. 3
3. 2
10.8
____ 100. 0
i Data from U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
In the four branches of the industry, employ
ment is concentrated in the following States:
Aircraft—California, New York, Texas, Washing
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Average
weekly
earnings
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
___________________________
__________ — ................
_________________
. ________________________
__________________
_____ _______________
........ - ____ ________________
$54.98
61.21
63.62
68.39
78.40
81.70
83.83
39.9
41.0
40.6
41.6
43.8
43.0
41.9
$1,378
1.493
1.567
1.644
1.79
1.90
2.00
1954: January,
_________
February. ___________________
March
_ _ _ _ _
A pril. ______________________
M ay.
___ ____________ ___ J u n e ________ _______________
July
____________ _________
August
_______________
September________
__ _____
83.23
85.08
84.46
83.43
83.84
84.86
84.66
85.27
i 85.89
40.6
41.1
40.1
40.5
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.8
i 40.9
2.07
2.07
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.09
i 2.10
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1Preliminary.
As production rose sharply because of the Korean
emergency, aircraft manufacturers expanded their
workweek from an average of 40.6 hours in 1949
to an average of 43.8 in 1951 (table 3). After the
Korean armistice and adoption of the “stretched
out” aircraft program, average weekly hours de
clined to 41.9 in 1953. During the first 9 months
of 1954, they have been relatively stable around
an average of 40.7.
Gross average hourly earnings for production
workers increased from $1.38 in 1947 to $2.10 in
September 1954—a gain of 52 percent (table 3).
Although average gross hourly earnings include
overtime earnings, most of the increase between
1947 and September 1954 reflects wage gains.
1326
Weekly earnings averaged $54.98 in 1947 and
$85.68 in September 1954.
Employment Outlook
The industry's employment expansion resulting
from the Armed Forces buildup following the out
break of Korean hostilities passed its peak early
in 1954. But the aircraft and parts industry still
had a backlog in orders of over $15 billion at the
end of June 1954, though total orders had dropped
from the postwar peak of almost $19 billion
reached in mid-1953.
Employment in the aircraft and parts manu
facturing industry is expected to decline moder
ately at least through the fall of 1955. This
estimate of future employment is based on current
military procurement programs and the assump
tion that production of civil aircraft will continue
at its present level. It also assumes no significant
change in international relations. However, em
ployment in this industry will always be subject
to unforeseen fluctuation as military production
plans change.
Aircraft employment reached a postwar peak
of 830,100 in January 1954 (see chart), then
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
declined during the next 9 months to the Septem
ber figure of 797,200. This decline reflects the
passing of peak production, though the decline
will be moderate since the Air Force will continue
its buildup through June 1957. It is estimated
that there will be a further moderate decline which
will bring employment in the aircraft and parts
industry down to around 760,000 by the fall of
1955 and may result in a corresponding decline
in other industries engaged in producing goods and
services in support of aircraft production. How
ever, employment in guided missile production
will continue to increase.
Relative high levels of employment in the
industry will probably continue at least until 1957.
The Air Force expects to reach its goal of 137
wings by June 1957; the Navy is modernizing the
aircraft operated by its carrier groups and by the
Marine Corps air wings; and the Army is building
up its force of helicopters and liaison planes.
Despite the moderate decline in employment esti
mated for the aircraft industry, many new em
ployees will be hired because the maintenance of
employment at the indicated levels will require the
replacement of workmen lost through normal
turnover.
Labor Supply
for Manufacturing
in a Coal Area
G erald G. S o m er s *
I n a d y n a m i c e c o n o m y of declining and expand
ing industries, changing manpower needs call for a
ready mobility of labor between industries, occu
pations, and areas. This problem has been high
lighted by the persistence of serious pockets of
unemployment in areas dominated by declining
industries. For these areas, the solution lies in
either outward migration of workers or introduc
tion of new employment opportunities to which
local labor can adapt.
Coal-mining communities presently constitute a
large proportion of the areas with chronic labor
surpluses. Substantial numbers of younger work
ers have already moved from the coal regions.
From the standpoint of the welfare of the particu
lar area, however, the attraction of new manufac
turing facilities is a much more desirable solution
to the local unemployment problem; and govern
mental policy has buttressed this point of view by
encouraging plant location in depressed areas
through tax amortization procedures and in other
ways.
A major question to be considered in plant loca
tion is whether the manufacturer can attract a
sufficient number of employees with the required
personal characteristics and occupational and
industrial experience. In an attempt to gain
greater knowledge about worker mobility and labor
supply in a coal-mining area, a survey was made of
the employment histories, over a 12-year period,
of 1,015 persons hired by a chemical manufac
turer in 1951-52 in Morgantown, Monongalia
County, W. Va. These included 433 skilled main
tenance craftsmen, 234 chemical operators, 246
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unskilled and semiskilled workers, and 102 office,
technical, and professional employees.
The chemical plant first began operations in
1941. It closed for over a year in 1945-46 and
closed again for over a year in 1950-51. As 57
percent of the employees hired in 1951-52 had
previously worked in the plant,1 the survey was
able to throw light on the impact of unemployment
as well as the recurring process of labor supply.
Monongalia County and the surrounding area
are dominated by coal mining. The 1940 Census
placed 28.7 percent of County employment in
mining and only 8.8 percent in manufacturing;
in 1950, 26.5 percent was in mining and 16.5 per
cent in manufacturing. (The number of workers
employed in mining increased over the decade
from 3,922 to 5,196, while manufacturing employ
ment rose from 1,205 to 3,228.) Mining is also
more important than manufacturing in the six
counties which border on Monongalia.
Characteristics of the Work Force
I n d u s t r i a l E x p e r ie n c e .
In spite of limited manu
facturing activity in the Monongalia area, over
half of the workers had gained experience in manu
facturing industry prior to their initial employment
in the chemical plant. The proportion of em
ployees with manufacturing experience in the
three major plant occupations was as follows:
Percent of workers first hired
in—
1941-50 1951-52
Maintenance craftsmen____________ 52. 0
Chemical operators________________ 46. 5
Unskilled and semiskilled workers___
(*)
52. 0
62. 3
62. 2
Total
52. 0
47. 9
62. 2
1 N ot available.
A large proportion of the maintenance craftsmen
had also been employed in construction (33 per
cent) or coal mining (30 percent) at some time
during the 1940’s. Approximately one-fourth of
the chemical operators and 30 percent of the un
skilled workers had also worked in the coal
* Associate Professor of Economics, West Virginia University.
This article summarizes portions of the author’s study, M obility of Chemi
cal Workers in a Coal-Mining Area. (In West Virginia University Business
and Economic Studies, Morgantown, W. Va., June 1954.)
• These include about 150 unskilled and semiskilled workers whose employ
ment records were excluded from the survey, as well as 264 of the maintenance
workers, 213 operators, and 38 office and technical workers.
1327
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1828
industry prior to their employment in the chemical
plant.
A smaller proportion in each occupational group
had spent most of the period from 1940 to 1951 in
manufacturing industries. Even so, one-fourth of
the maintenance craftsmen and one-third of the
unskilled and semiskilled workers who were first
hired in 1951-52 had been primarily employed in
other manufacturing plants before coming to the
chemical plant.
Despite the small proportion of County employ
ment accounted for by manufacturing, 35 percent
of the unskilled and semiskilled workers were em
ployed in manufacturing industries on the job held
just prior to their move to the chemical plant in
1951-52. (A substantial proportion of these
workers had been employed outside the County.)
The proportion of maintenance craftsmen and of
operators last employed in manufacturing varied
according to the period in which they were first
hired at the plant, as shown below.
Percent of—
Maintenance Chemical
craftsmen operators
1941-45____________________
1946-50____________________
1951-52____________________
19. 8
26. 2
17. 8
12. 7
23. 8
28. 6
Although between 25 and 30 percent of the
workers hired at the plant in the 3 major plant
occupational groups had worked in the coal mines
some time during the 1940’s, it is significant that a
smaller proportion were employed in the mines
just prior to their move to the chemical plant.
Moreover, the percentage of former miners among
the plant’s employees was small relative to the
importance of mining in total employment in
Monongahela and surrounding counties. Approxi
mately 10 percent of the operators and unskilled
workers were employed in the mines just prior to
their work in the chemical plant. Of the mainte
nance craftsmen, 22 percent moved to their first
chemical plant employment from coal mining in
1951-52, but the number who moved from mining
to the plant during the 1940’s did not exceed
7 percent. Declining employment opportunities in
the coal industry in 1952 undoubtedly influenced
this differential movement. The largest propor
tion of maintenance craftsmen were employed
in construction and construction-related service
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establishments just before moving to the chemical
plant.
Occupational Experience. The chemical plant was
able to fill adequately its most serious need in
1951—a large supply of skilled craftsmen to reha
bilitate and maintain the complex equipment
used in the industrial chemicals industry. In
addition to those who had served as maintenance
workers in the plant during the 1940’s, many others
were hired for the first time in 1951-52. Eighty
percent of these new employees had worked as
craftsmen on their preceding job, and only 1.1
percent were without experience as craftsmen dur
ing the 1940’s.
Although few of the operators hired during the
war had been previously employed as chemical
operators, many had gained experience as opera
tives in manufacturing, coal mining, and trucking.
When the chemical plant reopened in 1951, 90
percent of the first and second class operators
hired at that time had been employed in the plant
prior to the shutdown 16 months earlier. The
attractiveness of employment in the chemical
plant can also be seen in the fact that among
those who were hired as unskilled and semiskilled
workers in 1951-52, 40 percent had worked as
craftsmen and 62 percent as operatives at other
plants during the 1940’s.
The chemical plant played a major role in the
labor force participation of the nonsupervisory
office employees. Over 10 percent had no record
of employment prior to their applications at the
plant in 1951, and 70 percent of the 35 workers
who had been employed in the plant before 1950
remained unemployed throughout the shutdown.
Nearly 84 percent had been employed as office
workers on the job immediately preceding their
employment at the plant in 1951.
Age and Education. Among the 5,000 applicants
for employment in 1951 (to fill a normal employ
ment complement of 1,000), the plant management
chose workers who were relatively young and who
had above-average education. Although many
younger workers had undoubtedly migrated from
this area, 97 percent of the unskilled and semi
skilled workers and 91 percent of the clerical and
technical employees were under 40 years of age at
the time they were hired in 1951. Similarly, 85
LABOR SUPPLY IN A COAL AREA
1329
percent of the operators and 75 percent of the
craftsmen were in that age group. (Almost all of
these relatively young chemical operators had
worked in the plant during the 1940’s.)
The average educational level attained by
workers hired at the plant in 1951-52 was sub
stantially above that for the surrounding area.
The 1950 Census reported that, among persons 25
years and older, 37.5 percent in West Virginia and
43.6 percent in Monongalia County had at least
some high school education. The proportion of
the employees with at least some high school
education ranged from 67 percent of the mainte
nance craftsmen to 99 percent of the clerical and
technical employees.
Extent of Mobility
The proportion of workers in the chemical plant
who had moved between employers, industries,
occupations, and areas was considerably greater
than the average indicated in many other studies
of labor mobility. The following tabulation indi
cates the percentages of the workers first employed
at the plant in 1951-52 who had made at least
one change in each category, e x c lu d in g their move
to the chemical plant, during the period 1940 to
1951:
Percent of—
Change in—
Employer, __
____
Industry1, _
____
Occupation 1____ _____
Area 2__ _____ ____
A ll
workers
Crafts
men
Semi
skilled
and un
skilled
workers
87.
82.
77.
64.
91.
83.
71.
71.
85.
82.
84.
59.
3
3
5
8
7
5
0
6
8
1
2
8
1 The 270-item occupational classification and the 148-item industria.
classification of the Bureau of the Census were used in these comparisons1
* Employment beyond a 10-mile radius of Morgantown.
The high degree of mobility is explained partly
by the fact that the workers studied had moved
at least once, i. e., to the chemical plant in 1951—
52, and by the environment in which the new
plant was located. The skilled maintenance
craftsmen made an exceptionally large number of
employer changes. Many of these changes oc
curred because of the instability of employment
in coal mining and construction, the local indus
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tries to which they were primarily attached
among the 1940’s. However, they were more
likely to remain within a single occupational
classification than were the semiskilled and un
skilled workers.
Moreover, the fact that, for most of the workers,
a change of employer was often accompanied by a
change of industry helps to explain the diversity
of their industrial experience. It was not suffi
cient, however, to explain the widespread manu
facturing experience gained by these workers
located in an essentially nonmanufacturing area.
The explanation lies in extensive geographic mo
bility. Almost half of the workers had been em
ployed beyond a 30-mile radius of Morgantown
and approximately three-fourths of those with
manufacturing experience had been employed
beyond this area. Since only 1 town within a
40-mile radius has a slightly larger population
than Morgantown, most of the migrant workers
sought manufacturing employment in such large
metropolitan centers as Pittsburgh, Baltimore,
Cleveland, and Detroit. Many of the migrant
workers had returned to work in Monongalia
County before moving to the chemical plant, and
for those still employed beyond a 30-mile radius
just prior to being hired at the plant—almost
one-fourth of the plant employees—the pull of
“good” jobs in their home area was sufficient to
induce their return.
Reasons for Movement
As might be expected, many of the workers were
unemployed just prior to their initial movement
to the chemical plant, particularly those who were
first hired when the plant opened in 1941, since
24.6 percent of the 1940 County labor force was
unemployed. The survey indicated that almost
one-fourth of the skilled craftsmen and one-fifth
of the operators and unskilled workers were unem
ployed immediately before their initial plant
employment.
However, the bulk of the movement represented
a voluntary transfer of jobs in search of higher
wages and greater security. Most of the workers
improved their wages by moving to the plant.
Those who had left the area to gain employment
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1330
security and higher earnings returned when these
advantages became available at home. The work
ers employed by the chemical plant developed a
strong attachment to their jobs in spite of past
propensities for movement. The plant manage
ment reported an average monthly turnover rate
of only 1 percent in 2 years of operations. Obversely, many workers lost wages and occupational
status and some withdrew from the labor force
during the periods of plant shutdown.
*
*
*
*
*
Thus, the management of the chemical plant in
Monongalia County (and, presumably, that of
other manufacturing plants locating in similar
areas) was able to benefit from the patterns of
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labor mobility in the County. Because of the
relative attractiveness of the employment oppor
tunities offered, the plant management was able to
choose workers with high personal qualifications
from a large volume of applicants. In spite of the
domination of coal mining in the area, a diversity
of industrial and occupational experience had been
gained by the applicants through high rates of
mobility between employers, industries, occupa
tions, and areas. Maintenance craftsmen and
others were able and willing to transfer their skills
from construction and coal mining, in which em
ployment is less stable. But, even more impor
tant, substantial numbers who had left the area to
work in distant manufacturing centers were willing
to return to new opportunities closer to home.
Summaries of Studies and Reports
Earnings of Communications
Workers in October 1953
E m p l o y e e s of the Nation’s interstate communica
tions companies averaged $1.81 an hour in October
1953, which represented an increase of 9 cents
since the Bureau’s previous earnings study in
this field a year earlier.1 Most of this increase
was the result of general wage adjustments
negotiated through collective bargaining.
About 666,000 employees were included in the
present study.2 Employment in the telephone
industry, which employs slightly over nine-tenths
of the Nation’s communications workers, had
increased by about 10,000 between October 1952
and October 1953. Employment of Western
Union Telegraph Co. declined slightly, whereas
levels in the radiotelegraph and ocean-cable car
riers remained virtually constant during the
12-month period.
Class A Telephone Carriers
Earnings of the 621,200 telephone workers
covered by the study averaged $1.82 an hour in
October 1953 (table 1). During the previous 12
months, nearly all of the telephone companies
had negotiated pay raises, generally ranging from
$1 to $4 a week, varying by locality and occupa
tional classification. These wage adjustments
undoubtedly account for most of the 9-cent in
crease in average hourly earnings after October
1952.
Experienced switchboard operators, numbering
nearly 170,000 in the industry, averaged $1.40
an hour in October 1953—5 cents an hour higher
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than in October 1952. Nonsupervisory clerical
employees averaged $1.52 an hour as compared
with $1.45 in October 1952. October 1953 aver
ages for central office repairmen and linemen, two
of the largest categories of skilled manual workers,
were $2.23 and $1.85 an hour. Averages for these
and other manual jobs were generally from 10 to
15 cents higher than a year earlier.
Operations of the Bell System employed 97
percent of the telephone workers covered by the
study. Earnings of Bell System workers were sub
stantially higher than those received by similar
groups of workers in non-Bell companies.
Western Union Telegraph Co.
Western Union wire-telegraph employees aver
aged $1.62 an hour in October 1953—5 cents
above the October 1952 average (table 2). This
increase was largely the result of negotiated wage
changes effected during the first half of 1953.3
The 1953 wage adjustment which applied to
workers hired by the company after November 1,
1941, added 4 cents to the base rate of hourly
rated workers in the New York Metropolitan
1
Data were collected by the Federal Communications Commission as
required by the amended Communications Act of 1934. Interstate com
munications carriers covered were class A telephone carriers having annual
operating revenues exceeding $250,000 and wire-telegraph, radiotelegraph,
and ocean-cable carriers with annual revenues exceeding $50,000.
The earnings data contained in this article were computed by dividing
weekly scheduled compensation by weekly scheduled hours. The figures,
therefore, include premium pay for any regularly scheduled overtime.
See November 1953 M onthly Labor Review (p. 1198) for 1952 data.
* Excluded from this report are officials and managerial assistants, and
workers employed outside the continental United States except territorial
employees in the telephone industry.
3 General wage increases negotiated in June 1954 are not reflected in the
earnings data of this study. The Jqne 1954 increase provided for a 5-cent
hourly raise for employees hired before November 1, 1941, and increases
ranging from 10 to 21 cents for workers hired after November 1,1941.
1331
1382
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
area and 3 cents to the rate of all workers, except
nonmotor messengers, in areas outside New York.
Advancement of workers within rate ranges also
contributed to the upward movement of wages.
Foot and bicycle messengers averaged 88 cents
an hour in October 1953, up 1 cent as compared
with 5 cents for all Western Union workers,
reflecting the absence of any general wage increase
for the majority of these workers during the
preceding 12-month period. Many of the 6,824
employees in this job classification are employed
on a part-time basis and personnel turnover is
relatively large, even among the full-time workers.
Hourly averages for other numerically impor
tant job categories in which men predominated
were $1.23 for motor messengers, $1.81 for Morse
operators, and $1.87 for linemen and cablemen.
Among major jobs in which women outnumbered
men, average hourly earnings amounted to $1.34
for experienced telegraph operators (except Morse
operators) in the commercial department, $1.48
for telephone operators, and $1.59 for nonsupervisory clerical employees in the commercial
department.
Radiotelegraph Carriers
The 4,782 employees (3,850 men and 932
women) of companies engaged in transmitting
nonvocal communications by radio averaged $1.98
an hour in October 1953, an average rise of 9
cents from October 1952 levels (table 3). Clerical
employees, equipment operators, and construction,
installation, and maintenance employees averaged
wage gains of approximately 10 cents an hour for
the 12-month period. By contrast, earnings of
foot and bicycle messengers rose 1 cent an hour.
Hourly averages for numerically important job
categories in which men greatly outnumbered
T able 1.—Employees of class A telephone carriers: 1 Average hourly earnings 2 of employees in selected occupations by regions,3
October 1953
United States 3
Occupation
N ew England
Great Lakes
Chesapeake
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
$1.82
139, 484
$1.91
115, 528
$1.88
31, 507
$1.82
1. 71
2. 41
1. 53
2. 45
2. 49
1.43
1. 88
2.15
2.36
2. 53
123, 936
2,290
2,319
6, 999
3,184
37,166
3,192
712
6,974
1,355
1. 79
2.40
1. 41
2. 33
2. 38
1. 50
2. 06
2. 22
2.23
2.54
101, 603
1,857
1,148
5,060
3,107
29, 554
2,657
563
4, 963
1,506
1. 74
2.36
1.38
2.21
2.37
1. 45
1. 96
2. 25
2.28
2. 37
28, 010
579
591
1,444
256
8, 855
937
146
404
373
1.70
2. 23
1.37
2.18
2.39
1. 41
1. 49
1. 79
2.01
2.42
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
All employees, except officials and assistants______
621, 200
$1. 82
46, 752
Nonsupervisory employees 4____
Cable splicers.. . ______
Cable splicers’ helpers__________
_______
Central office repairmen___ . . .
_ _____
Exchange repairmen _____________ _________
Experienced switchboard operators...
Linemen. . .
Mechanics, building and motor-vehicle service..
P B X and station installers____ _____ ____
Test-board men and repeatermen ______ ____
551,154
10, 282
8,238
27, 638
11,108
169, 680
17,105
2,441
21,614
10,629
1.70
2. 28
1. 44
2.23
2.35
1.40
1. 85
2.14
2.19
2.35
42,157
796
721
1, 560
443
15,900
968
164
451
456
Southeastern
M iddle Atlantic
North Central
South Central
Mountain
Average
hourly
earnings
Pacific
All employees, except officials and assistants______
63, 704
$1. 58
23,342
$1.66
63,980
$1.68
25,887
$1.60
80, 685
$1. 94
Nonsupervisory em ployees4___________________ _
Cable splicers______________________________
Cable splicers’ helpers_________________
Central office repairmen_______________ . . .
Exchange repairmen.
. _
________ _ . .
Experienced switchboard operators________ . .
Linemen_________ . _ _______________ _ . .
Mechanics, building and motor-vehicle service..
P B X and station installers. ________
Test-board men and repeatermen. . . . . . . _ _
56, 744
1,385
988
2,432
118
18,364
2,094
322
1,153
868
1. 49
2.09
1.38
2. 07
1.65
1.19
1. 54
1.89
1. 77
2. 26
20, 534
349
210
633
102
6,850
884
52
216
301
1. 54
2. 00
1.36
2. 20
2.32
1. 24
1. 57
2.01
2.19
2. 25
57, 791
947
732
2, 787
1,677
20,590
2,504
93
2, 763
1,151
1.60
2.23
1.60
2. 09
2.26
1.30
1. 89
2. 07
2. 09
2.27
23,193
414
331
780
390
6,948
1,189
21
1, 050
343
1. 51
1.97
1.37
1.92
2.17
1.30
1. 59
1.85
1.98
2.21
70, 586
1,322
1,084
3,812
1,829
18,119
2,157
348
3, 498
1, 565
1.81
2. 35
1.55
2.31
2.40
1. 51
2. 05
2. 24
2.31
2.42
1 Covers interstate telephone carriers with annual operating revenue ex
ceeding $250,000.
2 Includes premium pay for regularly scheduled overtime work.
3 Figures include long-lines employees and class A telephone carrier em
ployees in the Territories.
4 Excludes officials and managerial assistants, professional and semiprofessional employees, and nonclerical business office and sales employees.
N ote.—In this study the regions include: New England—Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont;
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Middle Atlantic—Delaware, N ew Jersey, N ew York, and Pennsylvania;
Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Chesapeake—
District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; Southeastern—
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; North Central—Iowa, Minnesota,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; South Central—Arkansas,
Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas (except El Paso County); Moun
tain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho (south of Salmon River), Montana, Nevada,
N ew Mexico, Texas (El Paso County), Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific—
California, Idaho (north of Salmon River), Oregon, and Washington.
1333
EARNINGS OF COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS
T able 2.—•Western Union Telegraph Co.: Percentage distribution of wire-telegraph employees, by average hourly earnings 1 and
selected occupations, October 1953 and 1952
Experienced telegraph operators
(except Morse)
All employees 2
All employees2
except messengers
Average hourly earnings1 (in cents)
1952
1953
1953
1952
1953
80 and under 90.......... .........
90 and under 100.................
100 and under 120_______
120 and under 140...............
140 and under 160_______
160 and under 180_______
180 and under 200_______
200 and under 225..............
225 and under 250..............
250 and over.........................
10.5
7.1
6.7
15.6
14.1
17.6
10.8
7.2
4.8
5.5
12.1
7.0
10.7
13.8
14.2
16.6
10.2
6.4
4.2
4.8
6.7
17.4
17.4
22.3
13.7
9.2
6.1
7.1
0.4
11.6
16.0
18.0
21.2
13.0
8.2
5.4
6.2
19.4
48.7
20.4
11.0
.4
.1
T otal_____________
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38,610
$1.62
Number of workers_____
Average hourly earnings i.
39,518
$1.57
Mechanics,
building service
80 and under 90_________
90 and under 100.................
100 and under 120_______
120 and under 140_______
140 and under 160_______
160 and under 180...............
180 and under 200_______
200 and under 225_______
225 and under 250_______
250 and over....................
6.7
2.9
18.1
25.2
42.4
1.0
3.8
1.0
4.8
6.3
28.5
17.9
37.6
1.0
2.9
T otal......................... .
100.0
100.0
210
$1.93
Number of workers_____
Average hourly earnings 1
1
207
$1.89
30,358
$1.80
30,785
$1.75
Messengers,
foot and bicycle
59.3
40.4
.3
100.0
6,824
$0. 88
65.2
34.8
100.0
7,366
$0.87
Includes premium pay for any regularly scheduled overtime work.
Linemen and
cablemen
Laborers
Traffic
department
Commercial
department
1953
1952
1953
1952
1953
1952
0.2
7.2
30.9
29.0
32.7
.1
0.1
.1
.4
5.5
27.3
35.8
30.7
.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
184
$1.50
936
$1.87
959
$1.87
0
31.3
40.5
20.4
7.3
.4
.1
1.6
8.4
24.3
62.4
3.2
.1
3.7
9.9
33.2
52.0
1.2
1.9
18.8
30.0
44.4
4.8
1.1
8.7
16.8
46.2
22.3
4.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3,625
$1.34
3,634
$1.30
2,894
$1.63
2,997
$1.57
207
$1. 54
Messengers,
motor
38.2
51.0
10.4
.4
6.6
47.9
39.2
5.9
.4
100.0
100.0
1,428
$1.23
Subscribers’
equipment
maintainers
Morse operators
0.1
0.6
6.7
21.8
70.4
.4
.1
1.0
6.5
40.1
52.1
.3
100.0
100.0
Telephone
operators
9.3
25.7
35.4
29.1
.4
18.6
23.3
30.8
27.0
.3
100.0
100.0
100.00
748
$2.01
2,443
$1.48
2,522
$1.44
1.9
13.4
23.4
55.2
6.0
0.1
.5
17.8
23.8
56.7
1.1
100.0
821
$2.02
1,048
$1.75
970
$1.81
1,367
$1.17
1952
2 Excludes officials and assistants.
N ote.—Because of rounding, distributions may not always total 100.
3 Less than 0.05 percent.
T able 3.— Principal radiotelegraph carriers:1 Percentage distribution of employees by average hourly earnings2 and selected
occupations, October 1958 and 1952
A verage h ourly earnings 2 (in cents)
A ll em ployees,
M arine coastal
except officials station
operators
and assistants 2
1953
1952
100.0
N u m b er of workers-------------------------- 4 4,782
A verage h o u rly ea rn in g s2...................... $1.98
1UU
cU1U.
120 a n d
140 and
160 an d
180 and
200 and
225 and
250 and
UI1U-UI 1¿U------------------------under 140___________________
under 160___________________
under 180___________________
under 200___________________
under 225___________________
unrip,r 250 ________________
o v e r ................................................
T o t a l................................................
1952
1953
M essengers,
foot and
b icycle
1953
25.1
73.2
1.1
.2
.4
4.1
13.8
13.8
21.1
32.5
14.6
0.8
4.7
6.3
21.3
11.8
18.9
28.3
7.9
29.0
25.1
4.8
7.6
16.1
10.7
6.8
10.3
33.2
8.8
7.5
9.0
6 .0
16.2
8.8
.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4 4,790
$1.89
123
$2.23
127
$2.05
542
$1.70
532
$1.54
549
$0. 91
1 Covers radiotelegraph carriers w ith annual operating revenue exceeding
$50,000.
2 Includes premium pay for any regularly scheduled overtime work.
2
Excludes employees working for radiotelegraph carriers outside continen
tal United States.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1952
(*)
4.7
8.7
8.1
7.9
9.8
12.0
11.9
12.8
11.4
12.7
3.1
9.0
1.8
10.4
11.3
9.7
10.9
15.3
11.7
16.8
1953
M echanicians
and
m aintenance
technicians
1952
R adio operat
ing technicians
1953
1952
R adio operators
1953
1952
T e le ty p e -m u lti
plex operators
1953
1952
0 .2
38.5
60.2
.9
0 .2
1 .8
22.0
14.7
18.8
37.6
4.8
.5
1.9
21.5
21.3
44.0
8.9
1.7
0.6
1.2
7.2
9.0
9.3
26.2
46.4
0.3
3.7
4.3
5.2
21.1
34.5
30.9
Ï. 7
37.2
48.8
12.3
0.3
6 .6
37.5
52.0
3 .6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
551
$0.90
332
$2.33
327
$2.29
301
$2.32
304
$2.23
436
$1.87
418
$1.78
.4
4 Less than 0.05 percent.
, „ . „ ,
_.
, , . ,„ ,
4 Includes a few workers not covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act ana
not included in the distiibution above.
N o te —Because of rounding, distributions may not always total 100.
1334
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
women were 91 cents for foot and bicycle messen
gers, $2.32 for radio operators, and $2.33 for
radio operating technicians. Among work cate
gories in which men outnumbered women by
smaller margins, averages of $1.70 were recorded
for mechanicians and maintenance technicians and
$1.74 for nonsupervisory clerical workers.
Ocean-Cable Carriers
The 1,317 employees (1,089 men and 228
women) of the 3 ocean-cable carriers included in
the study averaged $1.99 in October 1953 (table
4). This average was 8 cents higher than a year
earlier; employment during the two periods was
nearly identical.
T able 4.— Principal ocean-cable carriers: 1 Percentage dis
tribution of employees by average hourly earnings2 and
selected occupations, October 1958 and 1952 (including
ocean-cable employees of Western Union Telegraph Co.)
All employees,
Messengers,
except officials Cable oper
foot and
ators
Average hourly
and assistants3
bicycle
earnings 3 (in cents)
80 and under 90___
90 and under 100___
100 and under 120__
120 and under 140__
140 and under 160__
160 and under 180__
180 and under 200__
200 and under 225__
225 and under 250
250 and over______
1953
1952
8.6
6.2
.8
8.8
10.5
8.2
18.4
15.4
12.6
10.5
15.5
.1
2.2
9.7
10.1
10.0
21.1
9.6
14.5
7.2
1953
1952
1953
1952
53.7
38.8
4.3
3.2
90.9
6.1
2. 5
.5
Teletypemultiplex
operators
1953
1952
8.6
18.1
13.3
33.3
26.7
6.2
25.8
17.5
44.3
6.2
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
Number of workers __ *1,317 41,302
107
115
188
197
105
A v e r a g e h o u r ly
earnings 2___
$1.99 $1.91 $2.35 $2. 29 $0.91 $0.90 $1. 79
$1.73
Total____ . . .
100.0
99.1 100.0
.9
97
'C overs ocean-cable carriers with annual operating revenue exceeding
$50,000; includes ocean-cable employees of Western Union Telegraph Go.
2 Includes premium pay for any regularly scheduled overtime work.
* Excludes employees working for the ocean cable carriers outside conti
nental United States.
4 Includes a few workers not covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act
and not included in the distribution above.
N ote.—B ecause of rounding, distributions may not always total 100.
Messengers and a few clerical employees were
the only workers earning less than $1.20 an hour.
Messengers averaged 91 cents an hour, virtually
the same as in the previous year (90 cents);
nonsupervisory clerical employees, as a group,
averaged $1.79—5 cents above October 1952
levels. Averages for most other major occupa
tional groups were from 5 to 10 cents above those
recorded in October 1952.
— L . E a r l L e w is
D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Reporting and Call-Back Pay in
Collective Bargaining Agreements
t h e t e r m s of most collective bargaining
agreements, employees who are scheduled to work
and, in the absence of prior notice, report at the
usual time in the expectation of working are
guaranteed some work for the day or pay in lieu
of work. The compensation paid employees in
lieu of work in fulfillment of this guarantee is
commonly called “reporting pay” 1and is normally
computed at the worker’s straight-time rate.
Agreements frequently also provide separate
“call-back pay” guarantees, which apply when
employees report at management’s request outside
of regularly scheduled hours, or on an off day, or
after they have completed their regular day’s
work and have left the place of employment.
Call backs usually arise during emergencies and
are often paid for at a premium rate since they
provide off-schedule work.
Reporting pay guarantees are designed to
compensate workers for part or all of the pay lost
if no work is available and for the inconvenience
and expense of coming to work on time. Reporting
pay essentially penalizes management for failing
to schedule work efficiently and for calling in more
workers than are needed. In most cases, the
employer avoids the penalty if he gives employees
suitable advance notice not to report to work or
if failure to provide work is due to causes beyond
management’s control, such as fire, “acts of God,”
and power breakdowns.
Call-back pay guarantees have a purpose
similar to that of reporting pay in compensating
employees for the inconvenience and expense of
coming to work and in penalizing management
for calling in employees who may not be put to
work or for providing an insufficient amount of
work. However, a waiver of the employer’s
liability through advance notice or the occurrence
of events beyond his control generally does not
apply to call-back situations, since employees are
specifically requested to report for work which is
usually of an emergency or special nature.
U nder
1
Other terms in use are “reporting allowance,’’ “reporting tim e,” and
“call-in pay.” The last mentioned term is sometimes applied to special or
unscheduled calls to work, as on a holiday, or as an alternative to “call-back
pay.”
1385
REPORT AND CALL-BACK PAY
Reporting pay provisions are not new, although
they have become more prevalent during the past
decade. Studies by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
during the 1920’s indicated that such clauses
existed in a number of collective bargaining
agreements.2 Collective bargaining on provisions
for reporting or call-back pay deals primarily
with such issues as the amount of the guarantee,
the conditions under which it may be forfeited by
employees, the amount of notice required of the
employer to avoid guaranteed payment, and the
conditions relieving the employer of obligation.
Reporting Pay Provisions
Of 1,737 agreements studied by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, current during 1953 or later and
covering almost 6)2 million workers, slightly more
than 80 percent included provisions for reporting
pay .3 Such provisions were found in agreements
covering over 5 million workers, or about 79
percent of the total number of workers covered
by the study (table 1 ).
Reporting pay provisions were much more
prevalent in manufacturing than in nonmanufac
turing industry agreements—90 percent and 54
percent, respectively. Several factors appeared
to account for this difference. In many non
manufacturing establishments, workers are com
monly paid on a weekly salaried basis, which is
in itself a type of pay guarantee, rather than on
an hourly basis, as in manufacturing. Some
nonmanufacturing establishments characteristi
cally provide continuous service or keep their
facilities open each working day, thereby assuring
day-to-day stability in employment for regular
employees.
Amount of Guarantee. The reporting guarantees,
in work or in pay in lieu of work, ranged from 1
2
BLS Bulletins 393, 419, 448, and 468, covering the years 1923-24, 1925,
1926, and 1927, respectively. For illustrations of reporting pay clauses in
effect during these years, see Bulletin 468 (pp. 231 and 236).
s The agreements in this study were selected from the Bureau’s file of
current union agreements on the basis of industry, union, and geographic rep
resentation. Agreements for the airline and railroad industries are not col
lected by the Bureau and, therefore, are not included in the study.
* An additional 4 percent of the agreements analyzed provided a guarantee
of 8 hours’ pay if any work was performed or if the employee worked more
than a specified number of hours, usually 4.
8 Although the printing and publishing industry showed the lowest pro
portion of reporting pay provisions among all the manufacturing industries,
it showed the greatest proportion of agreements providing the highest pay
guarantee (full day). Reporting pay provisions were more prevalent in the
commercial printing agreements analyzed than in newspaper printing.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.— Collective bargaining agreements with reporting
pay provisions, by industry group, 1953
T able
With reporting pay provisions
Number
studied
Number
Percent
Industry group
Work
Work
Agree ers (in Agree ers (in Agree Work
ments thou ments thou ments
ers
sands)
sands)
1,737 6,366. 7
1,399 5,016.1
80.5
78.8
Manufacturing______ 1,267 4,304.3
1,145 3,887.6
90.4
90.3
84.2
92.9
96.5
90.8
95.7
98.4
All industries______ _____ .
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco_________________
Textile mill products
Apparel and other finished
products_______________
Lumber and wood products
(except furniture)_______
Furniture and fixtures_____
Paper and allied products,.
Printing, publishing, and
allied industries, ______
Chemicals and allied prod
u c t s ... ________________
Products of petroleum and
coal................... . . ______
Rubber products.. . ____
Leather and leather prod
ucts___________________
Stone, clay, and glass prod
ucts________ __________
Primary metal industries.. .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery (except electri
c a l)...
______________
Electrical machinery _____
Transportation equipment..
Instruments and related
products____________ . . .
Miscellaneous manufactur
ing—
Nonmanufacturing-. .
Mining and crude petro
leum production________
Transportation 1__________
Communications_________
Utilities: electric and g a s.._
Wholesale trade__________
Retail t r a d e _____________
Hotels and restaurants____
Services ________________
Construction_____________
Miscellaneous nonmanu
facturing- ____________
120
14
113
309.2
32.7
182.0
101
13
109
280.8
31.3
179.1
54
364.4
39
178.8
72.2
49.1
26
32
50
21.6
55.1
95.9
22
30
49
14.1
23.9
93.1
84.6
93.7
98.0
65.3
43.4
97.1
46
46.6
29
33.7
63.0
72.2
70
97.8
66
94.3
94.3
96.5
24
20
67.2
131.7
20
20
50.2
131.7
83.3
100.0
74.8
100.0
30
53.0
23
35.9
76.7
67.7
50
99
96
102.9
596.9
178.9
45
93
90
97.0
581.3
174.0
90.0
93.9
93.7
94.4
97.4
97.3
155
324.8
71
340.5
108 1,137.5
94.5
91.0
94.7
95.1
90.7
97.9
341.6
164
375.5
78
114 1,162.0
24
44.0
23
43.5
95.8
98.8
43
45.0
39
42.0
90.7
93.3
254 1,128.5
54.0
54.7
470 2,062. 5
33
85
63
60
22
63
25
61
53
514.2
218.3
504.8
154.9
23.0
124.2
105.9
122.1
273.0
27
65
10
27
14
30
16
25
39
441.6
157.3
121.6
66.6
16.7
43.6
61.2
48.6
168.9
81.8
76.5
15.9
45.0
63.6
47.6
64.0
41.0
73.6
85.9
72.1
24.1
43.0
72.5
35.1
57.8
39.8
61.9
5
22.0
1
2.4
20.0
10.9
1 Excluding railroad and airline industries.
hour to a full day (table 2 ). Some agreements
which provided less than a full day’s reporting pay
if no work was available allowed a greater amount
(up to a full day’s pay) if work was started or if the
employee worked more than a specified number
of hours (classified in table 2 as ‘‘graduated
payments”).
Among all industries, the most common report
ing guarantee was 4 hours (or a “half shift,”
“half tour,” or “half day”) of work or pay,
occurring in about 1 out of every 2 agreements
analyzed. Guarantees of 2 hours and of 8 hours
(a full shift) were each found in less than 10
percent of the agreements.4 In two industries—
printing and publishing,5 and hotels and restau-
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1336
reporting at the regular hour shall be guaranteed work or
pay in lieu thereof for the full shift.
rants—a full day’s guarantee was more common
than any other provision.
Four-hour guarantees were more frequent in
manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing agree
ments—or 61.5 and 17.9 percent, respectively.
Eight-hour or full day guarantees, on the other
hand, were more prevalent in nonmanufacturing.
In some instances, the reporting guarantee for
evening or night shifts was higher than for the
first or daytime shift. For example:
A graduated reporting pay guarantee was pro
vided in about 1 agreement in 10. These distin
guished between situations in which no work was
performed and the worker was sent home, and
those in which work actually started. For
example, under some agreements employees were
assured 4 hours’ pay (or work) for reporting on
schedule, but 8 hours’ pay if they worked more
than 4 hours; or 2 hours’ reporting pay even if no
work was available, but 4 hours’ guarantee if any
work was performed; or 2 hours’ pay for reporting,
4 hours if put to work, and 8 hours if they worked
more than 4 hours.
Any employee ordered to report to work and reporting
at the regular hour shall be guaranteed 4 hours’ work or
4 hours’ pay in lieu thereof, provided that any employee
ordered to report to work on any shift, the majority of
hours of which fall between 9 p. m. and 6 a. m., and
T able
2.— Guarantees specified in reporting pay provisions of collective bargaining agreements, by industry group, 1953
Percent with reporting pay guarantees of—
Number studied
Industry group
Graduated
O ther8
8 hours
4 hours 1
3 hours
2 hours
N o provision
paym en ts8
Workers
(in
thou
ments sands)
Agree- Work- Agree- Work- Agree- Work- Agree- Work- Agree- Work- Agree- Work- Agree- Workments ers ments ers ments ers
ments ers
ments ers ments ers
ers
ments
1,737
6,366. 7
19.5
21.2
7.5
12.0
4.0
1.9
49.8
50.8
7.7
6.3
9.4
6.6
2.1
1,267
4,304. 3
9.6
9.7
8.3
5.4
4.8
2.3
61.5
72.4
4.7
2.9
9.6
6.7
1.4
.5
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco----------------------------------Textile mill products----------------Apparel and other finished prod
ucts-------------------- ------- ------Lumber and wood products
(except furniture) - .......................
Furniture and fixtures--------------Paper and allied products.-..........
Printing, publishing, and allied
industries----------------------------Chemicals and allied products—
Products of petroleum and coal...
Rubber products-------------- ------Leather and leather products----Stone, clay, and glass products...
Primary metal industries---------Fabricated metal products--------Machinery (except electrical) —
Electrical machinery---------------Transportation equipment-------Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing-----
120
309.2
15.8
9.2
8.0
.4
5.8
3.5
4.1
3.1
182.0
3.5
1.6
6.2
3.2
2.7
1.5
69.4
91.1
79.8
6.4
113
47.5
85. 7
71.7
15.0
4 6
2.5
4 3
9.2
7 1
16.0
13.8
KA
364 4
27 8
50 9
1 9
J>
68. 5
48.4
21 6
55 1
95.9
15 4
6 3
34 7
30.8
23.8
.8
2.9
34.0
36.0
40.6
36.0
23.6
3.8
2.0
50.0
75.0
32.0
4.0
3.6
46 0
97Ì 8
67.2
37 0
27 8
8.7
67.2
41.7
80.0
36. 6
56 0
70. 7
71.9
68.3
67.9
61.4
70.9
76.7
7.3
80.8
46.7
76.3
52 3
47. 6
84.9
84.9
68.5
74.6
83.7
64.3
78.8
43.5
8.6
8.3
5.0
53.9
8.1
2.9
20.9
1.0
2.4
3.8
.9
1.3
1.3
2.1
1.9
2.3
N onmanufacturing-----------
14.0
22.4
9. 5
16.6
18.2
14.3
48.0
3.3
3.8
All industries Manufacturing.
Mining and crude petroleum pro
d u c tio n .........................................
Transportation 5— ------- ----------Communications.................. ...........
Utilities: electric and gas----------Wholesale trade----------- -----------Retail trade................................ .......
Hotels and restaurants....................
Services.------ --------------------------Construction__________________
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing.
oß
Q9
50
56 6
46
70
24
20
131 7
ou
90
06
164
78
114
24
43
£00 Q
178.9
341.6
375.5
1,162.0
44 0
4 5 .’ 0
0 1
2 6
6.3
5.5
9.0
5.3
2.7
4.9
9.3
2.1
4 2
9.3
6.7
8 3
2.3
470
2,062. 5
46.0
45.3
7.9
85
63
60
22
63
25
61
53
5
218.3
504 8
154 9
23.5
84 1
55 0
33 n
30 4
124 2
105 9
52 4
36. 0
122.1
9,73 0
22.0
59.0
27.9
75 9
57.0
27 5
64^9
42. 2
60.2
38.1
89.1
5.7
3.5
16.7
25.2
5.7
12.5
2.9
8.5
10 1
26 4
80.0
1 2,
6 0
8. 3
7.9
9.0
7.0
3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.0
1.4
4.2
10.0
13 3
.7
3.4
2.0
5 1
25 6
1 .1
.7
6.4
2.0
1.3
26.5
1.5
1.2
17.9
5.9
7.8
3 0
4.7
1
7.1
9.1
39 4
23.5
12.5
8.3
3.2
3.3
37.7
1.0
1 6
4.0
3.1
6.9
3.3
6.1
7.7
5.3
1
3.7
11.9
11.0
1.7
7 3
.4
40. 2
i
Includes guarantees of a “half shift,” “half tour,” or “half day.” Includes
28 agreements (22 in the textile industry) covering over 65,000 workers, which
rovided a guarantee of 4 hours to first- and second-shift employees and 8
ours to third-shift employees.
.
2
Includes agreements in which the amount of guaranteed time varied,
depending on whether or not an employee was put to work upon reporting
(e. g., 2 hours guaranteed for reporting and 4 hours if work was started; a full
day’s pay if more than 4 hours were worked).
3 Includes 18 agreements providing guarantees in amounts other than those
E
15. 6
3.3
4.3
10.0
18.2
25.4
8.0
24.6
15.2
1.9
2 8
4.6
11.1
8.4
3.5
27.5
8.0
3.1
18.0
.5
26.6
7.8
10.9
11.5
12.5
5.0
3.3
8.0
13.2
8.2
8.5
2.6
19.3
16.7
4.6
10.9
4.0
11.2
.8
.2
5.2
8.3
5.9
6.5
.9
9.3
27.2
2.9
12.3
8.6
6.0
26.2
16.8
22.2
8.7
13.7
45.8
1.9
1.5
30.3
5.9
4.8
5.1
27.2
6.4
4.0
4.9
13.2
2.6
4.1
7.0
10.5
52.6
11.7
3.8
3.6
11.2
1.2
w
6.0
4.0
4.2
2.0
.1
1.0
1.2
.9
(*)
.6
.4
.1
4.6
3.5
4.0
2.8
12.9
12.4
4.9
2.4
1.5
4.0
1.6
3. 6
20.0
1.3
4.7
1.5
1.0
10 . s
shown, such as If hour (4 agreements), 2J4> hours (1 agreement), 5 hours (7
agreements), and 6 hours (6 agreements); guarantee expressed in fixed mone
tary allowances; guarantees applicable to specified group only or varying
among occupations; guarantees varying with employee’s length of service or
with distance from the plant; guarantees of a specified minimum number of
hours’ work or pay, but lesser guarantees if unavailability of work was due to
breakdowns or emergencies, etc.
* Less than 0.1 percent.
8 Excluding railroad and airline industries.
REPORT AND CALL-BACK PAY
In some cases the guarantee varied for different
groups of employees, as in the following clause:
Every employee (other than those at the bottling plants)
who may be . . . instructed to report for work, and who
is furnished less than 8 hours’ work, shall nevertheless
receive at least 8 hours’ pay at the proper rate; employees
at the bottling plants, when . . . instructed to report for
work, shall be furnished at least 7 hours’ work at the
proper rate.
A few agreements varied the amount of the
guarantee according to length of service (the
longer-service employees eligible to receive the
greater payments) or according to the distance
of the employee’s home from the plant. Still
others specified a flat sum.
Amount oj Notice Required. As a general rule,
employees notified in advance not to report for
duty received no payment if they showed up for
work and found none available. However, out
of 404 representative agreements 6 with reporting
pay provisions which were analyzed in greater
detail, only 214 explicitly stated that advance
notice by the employer voided the reporting pay
guarantee. What constituted adequate advance
notice was specified in 71 of these agreements; it
ranged from 1 hour prior to the start of the work
ing day to notification either on the previous day
or on or before the end of the worker’s previous
shift. The latter type of provision was most
common, occurring in 33 of the 71 agreements.
Notice of 2 hours was required in 12 agreements;
8 hours in 11 agreements; and from 1 to 16 hours
in the remaining 15 agreements.
Waiver or Modification oj Guarantee. The report
ing guarantee was commonly not effective or
was modified if the employer’s failure to provide
work or to furnish advance notice that work
would not be available was due to causes or events
beyond his control. Strikes, fire, flood, “acts of
God,” and power failure were instances of such
factors. Waiver provisions of this type were in
cluded in four-fifths of the 404 agreements for
which reporting pay provisions were analyzed
in detail (table 3).
Most of the waiver clauses granted the em
ployer complete release from payment of the
minimum guarantee under specified conditions.
Some, however, allowed a reduction in the amount
• These agreements covered 1,774,000 workers.
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1337
T able 3 — Causes for waiver of reporting pay guarantees
specified in collective bargaining agreements, 1953 1
Causes for waiver
Number of
agreements
Total agreements analyzed.
404
No waiver provisions___ _______ ___ ____ ______________ ____
“ Causes beyond company control” ______ ___________ " I I I ” "
Natural disasters:
Fire.................. ....................................... ........................................
Inclement weather (rain, storm, hurricane, cyclone)__
Acts of G o d ............................................................................
Floods______________ ___________ _________________ “ III
Other catastrophes........... ...................................... ..............
Breakdowns affecting plant operation:
Power or utilities failure; fuel shortage; water failure______
Breakdown of machinery or equipment; general breakdown.
Emergency forcing shutdown of department or substantial
part of plant.......... ........................................ ...............................
Accidents; general disaster............................................... .........
Strikes:
Strikes; work stoppages; stoppage due to labor dispute____
Labor dispute to which company is not a party__________
Embargo................................................. ......................... ..............
War or sabotage:
Act of an enemy agent; act of a public enemy; due to “the
common enemy” ____________________________________
War; act of war__________ _____ ______ _________________
Explosions; bombing______________ _____ ______________
Riot or civil commotion___ ___________ ____ ___________
Material shortages and cancellation of orders:
Shortage of material....... ................ .............. .............. ............... .
Cancellation; delay by customers___ _______ ___________ I
Employee refusal to accept other work and other noneompliance:
Employee rejection of alternative work assignments______
Return to work after absence without prior notice________
Release from work for disciplinary reasons or ineompetence.
Absent or unavailable for notice______________________
Other:
Insufficient number of employees reporting for work;
“unexcused absences” _______________________________
Inability of company to give notice due to insufficient tim e.
Action of any Federal, State, or local authority.____ _____
Discontinuance of work by mutual agreement____________
Conditions for which employees or employer are not
responsible______________________ _____ ______________
85
169
77
71
69
46
1
98
61
18
8
109
1
1
6
2
6
3
1
5
70
18
14
10
7
5
2
1
1
1
Based on an analysis of 404 agreements with reporting pay provisions,
representatively selected. T he figures shown are nonadditive because
agreements specify more than one cause.
under these or similar conditions, but not a com
plete waiver, as in the following clause:
No employee shall be called out to work for less than 4
hours. He shall be considered called out to work unless
official notice is given not later than the previous day,
except in cases of emergencies, accidents, fires, storms,
floods, power breakdowns, and other causes clearly beyond
the control of the company, in which event he shall be
given not less than 3 hours’ work.
In the following clause, a bonus of 1 hour’s
pay, in addition to time actually worked, was
given employees if the company’s failure to pro
vide a full day’s work was due to conditions be
yond its control:
Unless an employee is notified not later than the pre
vious day not to report for work, any employee regularly
scheduled to work or who is notified to report for work,
and who reports for work, shall be given a minimum of
8 hours’ work, or a minimum of 8 hours’ pay at straighttime hourly rates, if he actually commences work, but if he
reports for work under such circumstances and is not put to
work, he shall be paid a minimum of 4 hours’ pay at straighttime hourly rates. The foregoing provision shall not apply
1338
where an employee after reporting for work is prevented
from starting work, or after commencing work is pre
vented from working a minimum of 8 hours because of
breakdowns, stoppages of production, or other emer
gencies beyond the control of the company. In such
cases the employees shall be paid only for the time actually
worked plus 1 hour’s pay at straight-time hourly rates
commencing at the time the superintendent notifies the
shop steward that an emergency exists which prevents
the company from supplying further work to the
employees.
It is a common practice to specify that the em
ployer may assign employees to other work if
their regular work is not available. Generally,
employees refusing such reassignment or substi
tute work forfeit the guarantee. In some agree
ments, however, the employee was given the
right to refuse other than his regular work, if it
was not available, without forfeiting the minimum
payment. An intermediate type of clause re
stricted the employee’s reassignment to jobs which
were within a designated number of labor grades
or job classifications of his regular labor grade or
job classification. For example:
If an employee shall be required by the company to
report for work on any day and he shall report at the
time and place at which he was required so to report,
he shall be guaranteed a total amount of pay for that
day equal to 4 times the standard hourly wage rate for
the position for which he was required so to report, unless
(a) at his own request or because of his own fault, he
shall not be put to work or shall not complete 4 hours of
such work after having been put to work, or
(b) he shall be assigned to another position of at least
equal job class which he shall be qualified to fill and shall
refuse to work at such other position or because of his
own fault shall not complete 4 hours of such work after
having been put to work at such position.
Under several agreements, suspension of an em
ployee for the day on account of disciplinary rea
sons, incompetence, or unsatisfactory work also
relieved the employer of the obligation to provide
a minimum payment.
Some agreements specified that an employee
forfeited his reporting pay under the following
illustrative conditions: if, after an absence of
several days, he failed to notify the employer of
his expected return, and found no work available
when he reported for duty; if he failed to notify
the personnel department where he could be
reached; if he left the plant before notice was given
to other employees; or if the company was unable
to reach him in sufficient time. On the other hand,
some agreements specified that an employee ab
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
sent from work, after due notice to the company,
who was not notified of layoff during his period of
absence, was to be paid the reporting allowance if
he reported for work at the end of his leave.
Call-Back Pay Guarantees
To minimize unnecessary calls back to work, to
compensate employees for the inconvenience of
returning to their work stations without being put
to work, and to encourage compliance with the
requests of management, many collective bargain
ing agreements provide for minimum “call-back”
or “emergency report” guarantees. As in the
case of reporting pay allowances, employees re
quested to report are guaranteed a specified num
ber of hours of work or pay in lieu of work. In
some agreements, travel allowances were also
provided either as a supplement to or as part of
these guarantees. Guarantees of pay for call
backs after hours on regularly scheduled days and
the closely allied guarantee of payment for report
ing to work on off-scheduled days may differ
in their liberality.
In contrast with reporting pay guarantees, which
are invariably computed at the employee’s regular
rate of pay, call-back guarantees are often
computed at a premium or overtime rate of pay,
usually time and one-half. Some agreements
provided only for the payment of premium rates
for all work preformed on a call-back assignment
without any guarantee; provisions of that type are
not covered in this report.
Call-Back on Regularly Scheduled Workdays. Call
back provisions in union agreements are exception
ally varied and complex.7 The range of those
provisions was studied in an analysis of 190
selected agreements. These agreements covered
approximately 686,000 workers in manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries.
The minimum guarantee for “call-backs” oc
curring during off-schedule hours on regular
working days ranged from 1 to 8 hours’ work or
pay. In three-fifths of the agreements, the
guarantee was 4 hours (table 4). About onefifth provided a minimum of 2 hours’ pay. Guar
anteed hours of wrork or pay exceeded 4 hours in
7 See, for example, BLS Report 65, Hours and Premium Pay Provisions in
Collective Bargaining Agreements in the Industrial Chemicals Industry, 1953
(processed), 1954 (p. 16).
REPORT AND CALL BACK PAY
1339
T able 4.— Call-back guarantees and applicable rates of pay,
selected agreements with provisions relating to call-backs on
regularly scheduled workdays, 1953
Rate of pay
Number with call-back guarNumantees of—
ber of
agreements 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours Other 1
Total agreements analyzed.............
190
42
16
110
22
Regular rate____ ________________
Overtime rate 1______ _ _ _ _____
Regular rate or overtime rate,
whichever is applicable________
Double tim e____ ________________
Rate not specified______________
86
61
9
19
7
6
58
29
12
7
5
7
31
1
6
7
1
3
1
19
2
3
1 Includes 9 agreements In which the guaranteed time varied, depending
upon specified circumstances, e. g., 2 hours if recalled before 9 p. m.; 3 hours
if called at or after 9 p. m. In 11 agreements the number of hours guaranteed
differed from the categories shown, i. e., 1 hour, 2J-i hours, 4 hours, etc.
a Includes agreements specifying either “overtime rate” or “time and onehalf.” Two agreements specified time and one-half or double time, which
ever is applicable.
relatively few agreements. Call-back provisions
generally applied to all employees covered by the
agreement; only in about 5 percent of the agree
ments studied was the provision limited to desig
nated groups of workers, e.g., maintenance men,
machine crews, and garage men.
A majority of the agreements which specified
the rate of pay applicable to the call-back guar
antee provided for computation at the employee’s
regular hourly rate; for example:
An employee required to report back to work will be
guaranteed at least 4 hours’ pay at his regular hourly rate
(base rate plus 10-cent shift premium, if applicable). This
guarantee applies only when he has left the plant and is
required to report back to work.
However, if the employee was eligible for overtime
pay for call-back hours under other terms of the
agreement (e. g., having already worked 8 hours
during the day), he would, of course, be compen
sated for time worked at the overtime rate of pay.
Thus, if his regular rate of pay was $2.00 an hour
and he was guaranteed 4 hours of work at his
regular rate on a call-back, or $8.00, the guarantee
would be fulfilled when he had earned $8.00 at the
applicable overtime rate. Call-back time may be
explicitly defined in agreements as premium time,
although the guarantee is expressed in terms of the
employee’s regular rate, as follows:
If an employee is recalled to work after completing his
regular shift, he shall be paid for work performed during
such recall at the rate of time and one-half or an amount
equal to 4 hours’ pay at straight time, whichever is the
greater.
Many agreements provided for a call-back
guarantee expressed in terms of the overtime rate,
322061— 54------ 3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
whether or not the employee was eligible for
premium pay under the overtime provisions of the
agreement, as in this example:
Employees called out for special duty shall be paid for
not less than 4 hours at the prevailing overtime rate,
provided that when such emergency or call-out work
continues to the beginning of the employee’s next regular
or scheduled work period, the guaranteed minimum num
ber of hours shall not apply.
Call-back guarantees in 23 agreements covered
“travel time” allowances either as part of or in
addition to the guarantee. For example:
Each time an employee reports for work pursuant to
a call-out he will be paid not less than 4 hours’ straight
time pay (including the travel allowance specified in
Section 4 (e) of this Article.
Section 4 (e) provided:
(e) When an employee is called out for unscheduled
overtime work, he shall be paid at the prevailing overtime
rate for such time (not exceeding 30 minutes) as is neces
sarily consumed in traveling to the job.
Another agreement provided:
It is agreed between the company and the union that
any employee who may be called in to work due to an
emergency or on a machine breakdown at any time other
than his regular shift shall be paid a minimum of 2 hours’
pay at time and one-half plus
hour at straight time for
traveling each way.
In some agreements, call-back guarantees varied
according to specified circumstances; for example,
in one agreement the guarantee was decreased if
employees were not put to work after responding
to a call-back; in another, the guarantee was
increased if late hours were involved, as follows:
A minimum of 2 hours’ pay at regular rates shall be
allowed to all employees who are called back to work
after having been released from their regular daily work
provided they are called back before 9:00 P. M. If called
back at 9:00 P. M. or later, a minimum of 3 hours’ pay at
regular rates shall be allowed.
In one agreement in the communications indus
try the number of hours guaranteed varied in
accordance with: (a) size of the unit; (b) the
relation of the call-back time to the regular
schedule of hours worked; and (c) whether or not
employees had left the plant. The agreement
stipulated that—
. . . employees who report for special duty at the
company’s request 15 minutes or more after release at
the completion of their regular scheduled tour (except on
an authorized holiday) shall be paid at the rate of one
and one-half times the Basic Hourly Rate for a minimum
1340
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
of 2 hours in exchanges of 2,500 or more stations, and
1 hour in exchanges of less than 2,500 stations. . . .
. . . employees who report for special duty at the
company’s request less than 15 minutes after release at
the completion of their regular scheduled tour (except on
an authorized holiday) shall be paid at the rate of one
and one-half times the basic hourly rate for a minimum of
1 hour starting from the end of the scheduled tour, except
that if employees so released have left the place of reporting
or company premises at the time of such request for special
duty, the minimum period specified in . . . [the] . . .
paragraph . . . next above shall apply.
Guarantees Applicable on Of-Schedule Days. Guar
anteed minimum payments for employees who are
called for work assignments on nonscheduled days
(Saturdays, Sundays, sixth and seventh days,
holidays, “scheduled days off/’ etc.) are closely
allied to the call-back guarantees for scheduled
workdays, as both relate to work of a special or
emergency nature arising outside of regular
schedules. In many agreements, the same pro
vision covers both types of call-back. In the
absence of a provision specifically covering calls
to work on off-schedule days, the agreement pro
visions that apply to reporting pay guarantees
may also apply to guarantees on off-schedule days.
However, 24 of the 190 agreements studied
included call-back guarantees for nonscheduled
days which differed from and were generally more
liberal than those for regular working days. In 4
of these agreements, an 8-hour guarantee was
allowed for off-schedule work days. For example,
1 agreement which provided a minimum of 2 hours’
pay on a regularly scheduled workday also
specified:
Employees who are called out on their regular days off
shall be guaranteed 8 hours’ pay at the overtime rate of
l}i times the regular rate.
In 10 of the 24 agreements, more hours were
guaranteed for call-backs on premium-rated days
than on regular work days; 4 of these also provided
for a higher rate of pay on premium-rated days.
The same number of hours were guaranteed in 11
agreements for call-backs regardless of the days
on which they occurred but the rate of applicable
pay was higher for off-schedule days. In 3 agree
ments, the number of hours guaranteed on offschedule days was less than those applying on
regular working days but the applicable pay rate
was higher.
—D
e n a G . W e is s a n d C ordy H am m ond
D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Wage Chronology No. 39:
Pacific Greyhound Lines, 1945-53
O pe r a t in g over 11,000 route miles in California,
Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico,
and Texas and employing more than 4,200 workers,
Pacific Greyhound is the largest line in the
Greyhound system. It is largely owned by the
Greyhound Corp. and the Southern Pacific
Railroad,1 although some stock is also held by
individual stockholders.
The Amalgamated Association of Street, Elec
tric Railway and Motor Coach Employees (AFL)
has served as bargaining agent for the company’s
bus operators and terminal employees since
April 1937. In 1944, the parties failed to reach
agreement on 80 of the 138 sections of a contract
and the dispute was certified to the Regional War
Labor Board. An order covering the issues in
dispute was released by the Regional Board in
July 1945, and an agreement was reached October
22, 1945, complying with the directive of the
Regional Board. In March 1952, after lengthy
negotiations, the parties again failed to reach an
agreement and an 80-day strike occurred. A new
agreement was reached May 10; many of its
terms were retroactive to March 2, 1952. This
agreement was to run until September 30, 1954,
and thereafter from year to year unless either
party gave 60 days’ notice in writing between
August 1, 1954, and March 1, 1955, of its desire
to amend or terminate the agreement.
The 1952 agreement also provided for deferred
changes in pay rates at 6-month intervals. The
amount of the increases in contract rates due in
October of 1952 and of 1953 was specified in the
agreement. The changes in March of 1953 and
of 1954 were made dependent on the change in
the revised Consumer Price Index; existing
scales were to be increased by the same percentage
as the rise in the revised CPI between January
1952 and January 1953 and between January 1953
and January 1954, respectively. (Thus, on March
1, 1953, the rates specified in the contract for
October 1, 1952, were increased by a percentage
equal to the rise in the cost of living between
January 1952 and January 1953. In October
i
See M onthly Labor Review, July 1953 (p. 741), Wage Chronology No.
35: Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines, Inc., 1945-52.
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 39
1341
1953, the rates specified in the contract for the
first day of that month were increased by the
cost-of-living amount allowed in March 1953.)
The increase in hourly and mileage rates in
October 1953 was proportionately larger for
operators than for terminal employees: the
workweek for operators, which had been reduced
from 6 to an average of 5% days in October 1952,
was reduced again—this time to an average of
5 days. Normal hours of all terminal employees
working a schedule in excess of 40 hours were
reduced to 40 at the time this agreement was
first put into effect.
The company’s maintenance employees are
represented by the International Association of
Machinists (AFL) and the International Brother
hood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen
and Helpers of America (AFL). Bargaining with
the Machinists and Teamsters is not conducted
on a systemwide basis. The provisions dealing
with maintenance employees included in this
chronology are those for the San Francisco, Calif.,
IAM Local No. 1305 which became their bar
gaining agent January 16, 1937. The 1953 IAM
agreement, to be effective from June 1 , 1953,
until June 1 , 1954, was extended to June 1 , 1955.
This chronology traces the changes in wages
and related practices from 1945 through 19532
for employees represented by SERMCE and the
IAM San Francisco local. Some supplementary
benefits, such as pensions and the health and
welfare plan, are also included, although they are
not incorporated into the parties’ agreements.
Since the chronology begins with the 1945 agree
ments, the provisions for that year do not neces
sarily indicate changes from prior conditions of
employment.
2
Cost-of-living adjustments made in 1954 are to be included in the first
supplement to this chronology.
A—General wage changes1
Provisions
Effective date
Terminal
Operators
Aug. 18, 1945 (IAM—by agree
ment of Oct. 3, 1945).
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE—by
arbitration decision of Aug. 1,
1945).
June 1, 1946 (IAM—by agree
ment of July 19, 1946).
Oct. 23, 1946 (SERMCE—by
agreement of same date).
June 1, 1947 (IAM—by agree
ment of Aug. 6, 1947.)
Oct. 23, 1947 (SERMCE— by
agreement of Mar. 1, 1947).
June 1, 1948 (IAM )............. ..
Oct. 24, 1948 (SERMCE—by
agreement of same date).
June 1, 1949 (IAM—by agree
ment of Dec. 29, 1949).
Oct. 24, 1949 (SERMCE—by
agreement of same date).
1
Mileage rates increased 10.5 per
cent or 3.8 to 5 mills. No in
crease in hourly rates.
Increases averaging 14.54 percent
Mileage rates increased 11.5 per 30 percent increase, rang
cent or 2.3 to 6 mills; hourly
ing from $28.50 to $66
a month.
rates increased 17 to 18 cents.
Increases averaging 2.69 percent 2
Mileage rates increased 0.75 to $2.50 a month increase.
1.5 mills; hourly rates in
creased 5 cents.
Increases averaging 10.65 percent
Mileage rates increased approxi $20.80 a month increase.
mately 8 percent or 1.8 to 5
mills; hourly rates increased
14 cents.
Increases averaging 2.69 percent
Mileage rates increased 0.5 to 1 $5 a month increase.
mill; hourly rates increased 4
cents.
General wage changes are construed as upward or downward adjustments
affecting a substantial number of workers at one time. N ot included within
the terms are adjustments in individual rates (promotions, length-of-service
increases, etc.) and minor adjustments in wage structure (such as changes in
certain minimum guarantees) that do not have an immediate and noticeable
effect on the average wage level.
The changes listed above were the major adjustments in wage rates made
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Maintenance
25 to 37.5 cents an hour
increase.
7.5 to 12.5 cents an hour
increase.
15 to 17.5 cents an hour
increase.
12.5 to 18.75 cents an
hour increase.
2.5 cents an hour in
crease.
during the period covered. B ecause of fluctuations in length of service,
earnings affecting m ileage and trip rates, nongeneral changes in rates, and
other factors, the sum of the general changes w ill n o t necessarily coincide w ith
th e am ount of change in average hourly earnings over th e period of the
chronology.
2
Increases average 3.84 percent for operators and 2.69 percent for all workers
covered by SE R M C E agreement.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1342
A—General wage changes—Continued
Provisions
Effective date
Operators
June 1, 1950 (IAM— by agree
ment of Sept. 13, 1950).
Mar. 2, 1951 (SERMCE—by
agreement of same date).
Mar. 2, 1952 (SERMCE—by
agreement of May 10, 1952).
June 1, 1952 (IAM— by agree
ment of Aug. 26, 1952).
Oct. 1, 1952 (SERMCE—by
agreement of May 10, 1952).
Mar. 1, 1953 (SERMCE—by
agreement of May 10, 1952).
June 1, 1953 (IAM—by agree
ment of Oct. 6, 1953).
Oct. 1, 1953 (SERMCE—by
agreement of May 10, 1952).
Terminal
Maintenance
6.25 cents an hour in
crease.
10 percent increase
Mileage rates increased 2.5 to Increases
$15.18
6.6 mills; hourly rates in
month.
creased approximately 14
cents.
4.6 percent increase
Mileage rates increased 1.3 to Increases
$7.68
3.3 mills; hourly rates in
month.
creased approximately 7 cents.
ranging from
to $31.43 a
ranging from
to $15.90 a
23.5 cents an hour in-
Increase of 4.4 percent of rates under agreement of
Mar. 2, 1951
Mileage rates increased 1.2 to Increases ranging from
$7.35 to $15.22 a month.
3.2 mills; hourly rates in
creased 6.6 to 7 cents.
Cost-of-living adjustment amounting to an increase of 0.707
percent of Oct. 1, 1952, rates.
7.75 cents an hour in
crease.
Increases averaging 7.72 percent of rates under agreement of
Mar. 2, 1951
Mileage and hourly rates in 4 percent increase, rang
ing from $7.25 to
creased 9 percent: mileage
$13.82 a month.
rates, 2.5 to 6.5 mills; hourly
rates, 13.4 to 14.1 cents.
B—Related wage practices 1
Effective date
Provision
Shift Premium Pay
Maintenance employees— 10 percent premium
paid for work on 2d shift; 12.5 percent for
3d shift.
June 1, 1949 (IAM )________ Changed to Maintenance employees— 15 per
cent for work on 3d shift.
Aug. 18, 1945 (IAM)
Overtime Pay
Aug. 18, 1945 (IAM)_______ Maintenance employees— time and one-half for
first 3 hours in excess of regular workday
(8 hours) ; double time thereafter.
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERM CE)__ Operators, regular—time and one-half for work
outside of tour of duty when assigned work
while on duty.
Terminal employees—time and one-half for
work in excess of 8 hours a day.
Ses footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
1343
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO 39
B—Related wage practices ^C ontinued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Extra Service Pay 2
Operators, regular and extra—minimum daily
rate plus 50 cents paid for each hour up to
16,3 after 9 hours’ duty for regular operators
and after 11 hours’ duty for extra operators.
Oct. 23, 1946 (SERM CE)__ Changed to: Operators, extra—payment made
after 9 hours of duty.
Increased to: Operators, extra— 75 cents an
Oct. 24, 1949 (SERMCE)
hour for hours in excess of 9.
Mar. 2, 1951 (SERM CE)___ Changed to: Operators, regular and extra—
paid applicable hourly rate up to and in
cluding the 16th hour, minus off-duty period
if not in excess of 1 hour; or applicable
mileage rate for miles actually driven plus
55 cents for each hour over 9 up to and
including 16th hour, whichever was greater.
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERM CE)__
Employees
operating
“Through
or
Straight-A way Service” paid applicable
hourly rate up to and including 16th
hour, or applicable mileage rate for
miles actually driven, whichever was
greater.
Premium Pay for Weekend Work
Aug. 18, 1945 (IAM )_______ Maintenance employees—time and one-half
for first 8 hours’ work on 6th consecutive
day, double time thereafter. Double time
for work on 7th consecutive day and on
Sunday as such if not included in regular
workweek.
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERM CE)__ Operators, regular, and terminal employees—
double time for work on 7th consecutive
day.
Operators, extra—no provision.
June 1, 1949 (IAM )________ Changed to: Maintenance employees— double
time for work on 6th consecutive day.
Mar. 2, 1952 (SERMCE)
Oct. 1, 1952 (SERM CE)___
Oct. 1, 1953 (SERM CE)___
If 6th consecutive day was Sunday (for
which double time was paid) employee
paid time and one-half on 7th day.
Extra day off with pay provided when
holiday fell on 7th consecutive day or
2d day off.
Added: Operators, extra—time and one-half
for work in excess of 12 days in any 14-day
period, with minimum of 4 hours at over
time rate.
Terminal employees—time and one-half for
work on the 6th consecutive day.
Changed to: Operators, extra—time and onehalf for work in excess of 11 in 14 days.
Same guarantee.
Changed to: Operators, extra—time and onehalf for work in excess of 10 in 14 days.
Same guarantee.
Holiday Pay
Aug. 18, 1945 (IA M )______
Maintenance employees—8 paid holidays, for
which workers received 8 hours’ straighttime pay. Double time for holidays worked.
Paid Vacations
Aug. 18, 1945 (IAM)______
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Maintenance employees— 1 week’s vacation
with pay at regular rate, after 1 but less
than 5 years’ service; 2 weeks after 5 or
more years.
Holidays were: New Year’s Day, Wash
ington’s Birthday, Memorial Day,
Fourth of July, Labor Day, Admission
Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas.
1344
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
B—Related wage practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Paid Vacations— Continued
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular and extra— 1 week’s vaca
tion with pay after 1 but less than 5 years’
service; 2 weeks after 5 or more years.
Terminal employees— 1 week’s vacation with
pay at regular rate after 1 but less than 2
years’ service; 1 week and 2 davs after 2
but less than 3 years; 2 weeks after 3 or
more years.
Oct. 23, 1946 (SERMCE) __ increased to: Operators, regular and extra— 1
additional day of vacation with pay for
each year of service after the first year, up to
the 5th year.
June 1, 1949 (1AM)______ Increased t o : Maintenance employees— 2 weeks
after 2 or more years’ service.
Mar. 2, 1951 (SE R M C E )... Added: Operators, regular and extra, and termi
nal employees— 3 weeks after 15 or more
years.
Regular operator’s pay equaled amount
that would have been earned on regular
assignments. Extra operators paid %2
of annual earnings for each vacation
week.
Additional day’s paid vacation provided
when holiday fell within vacation
period.
Do.
Paid Sick Leave
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __
Oct. 23, 1946 (SE R M C E )..
Terminal employees— 1 week’s sick leave with
pay after 1 but less than 2 years’ service; 1
week and 2 davs after 2 but less than 3
years; 2 weeks after 3 or more years.
Added: Operators, regular and extra— 1 week’s
sick leave with pay after 1 year of service
plus 1 additional day for each year of service
after the first year up to the fifth year; 2
weeks after 5 years.
Reporting Time Pay
Oct, 24, 1949 (SE R M C E ).. Operators, regular and extra— complete tour of
duty paid for if service was suspended enroute. 1 day’s wage paid operators re
porting for work when service was sus
pended before leaving terminal. Terminal
workers— no provision.
Call-In Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SE R M C E )..
Terminal employees— time and one-half paid
for emergency work when called in while off
duty. 2-hour minimum guaranteed.
Standby (Protecting Time) Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERM CE). . Operators, extra—stand service rate paid (see
table C) for minimum of 2 hours.
Operators, regular—time and one-half the
mileage or hourly rate, whichever was
greater, when used on protecting assign
ment,
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Payment, at regular rate, to start on first
day of illness.
Payment made at the same rate provided
under vacation pay for regularly sched
uled workdays missed, after the first 3
days, because of illness. Provision not
applicable when sickness or injury
resulted from intoxication, drug addic
tion, etc.
1345
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 39
B—Related wage practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Shifted, Tour Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular and extra and terminal em
ployees—no provision.
Mar. 2, 1952 (S E R M C E )... Terminal employees—time and one-half paid
for all hours worked before or after regular
assignment when employee’s scheduled
hours were changed with less than 24 hours’
notice.
Applicable to shifts of a temporary nature
lasting less than 5 days.
Detailed Assignment Pay 4
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, extra—applicable hourly rate paid
(see table D) for minimum of 2 hours.
Mar 2, 1951 (SERMCE)
Extra operators removed from head of
extra board only after tour of duty
earning minimum daily compensation
(see table C).5
Deadheading Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE)
Operators, regular and extra—full mileage rate
paid for deadheading; one-half mileage rate
paid for deadheading on cushions, under
the instructions of the company.6
Mar 1, 1952 (SERMCE)
Regular operator changing run at point
away from home terminal on orders of
company to be returned to home ter
minal of former run at full rate of pay.
Leased Equipment
Oct. 22, 1945 (SE R M C E )..
Operators, extra—regular rates paid for oper
ating equipment leased by the company.
Runaround Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, extra—employee not given work in Employee not assigned in turn but given
an assignment, paid for service per
turn paid amount equal to that earned b y ’
formed in addition to the amount re
the operator assigned run.
ceived for being run around.
Away-From-Home Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular— 65 cents an hour paid for
all time delayed at away-from-home ter
minal in excess of 1 hour after scheduled de
parture time, up to maximum of 8 hours in
any 24-hour period.
Oct. 23, 1946 (SERMCE) __ Changed to: Operators, regular— applicable
hourly rate (see table D) paid for delays in
excess of 1 hour.
Missed-Runs Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular and extra—regular rate paid
when assigned runs were missed because of
extra assignments or delays on previous
runs.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In order to return delayed operators to
home terminal, the company could (1)
place operator on any assigned run, (2)
place operator at head of extra board,
or (3) deadhead operator to home ter
minal.
1346
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
B—Related wage practices ^C ontinued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Delayed-Run Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE)_ _ Operators, regular and extra— 65 cents an hour
paid for all time in excess of 1 hour’s delay
en route, up to maximum of 8 hours in any
24-hour period.
Oct. 23, 1946 (SERMCE) _ _ Changed to: Operators, regular and extra—ap
plicable hourly rate (see table D) paid for
delays in excess of 1 hour.
Applicable to delays caused by storm, fire,
or breakdown of bus.
Detour Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SE R M C E )..
Operators, regular and extra— mileage rates
paid when detour increased distance of tour
of duty by 5 or more miles in 1 day or total
of 5 or more miles in 5 consecutive days.
Payment made from first day additional
mileage was required and as long as de
tour continued.
Subsistence Pay
Aug. 18, 1945 (IAM )_____
Oct. 22, 1945 (SE R M C E )..
Oct. 24, 1948 (SE R M C E )..
Oct. 24, 1949 (SE R M C E )..
Mar. 2, 1952 (S E R M C E )...
Mar. 1, 1953 (S E R M C E )...
Maintenance employees—actual expenses for
meals and lodgings allowed while away from
home shop.
Operators, extra—reimbursed for all meals, at
rate of 80 cents a meal, when held at awayfrom-home terminal for more than 12 hours;
or paid $1.50 expense allowance and fur
nished sleeping accommodations when used
in emergency to operate single schedule off
board at other than home terminal.5
Terminal employees—paid same allowance as
extra operators in charter service (see table
C) when kept away from home overnight.
Increased to: Operators, extra—meal allow
ance, 90 cents.
Increased to: Operators, extra— meal allow
ance, $1.
Increased to: Operators, extra— meal allow
ance, $1.05.
Increased to: Operators, extra— meal allow
ance, $1.06.
Company required to provide sleeping ac
commodations. Where no dormitory
was maintained or where it was over
crowded, company arranged for satis
factory lodging.
Revised rate after applying cost-of-living
factor.
Special Allowance
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular and extra— 25 cents for driv
ing bus to terminal from garage and to ga
rage from terminal.
June 1, 1953 (IAM )_______ Maintenance employees—tool allowance, $1
per week.
50 cents in San Francisco.
Instruction Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular and extra— $1 a day plus
regular mileage rate paid for instruction of
students over regular routes.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Instruction over other than regularTToutes
was conducted by company’s drivers’
school instructors.
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 39
1347
B—Related wage practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Provision
Transportation Privileges
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) __ Operators, regular and extra— annual pass in
division in which employed provided after
3 but less than 5 years’ service. Annual
pass over lines covered by agreement pro
vided after 5 years’ service.
Terminal employees—with 1 but less than 3
years’ service, 2 trip passes for employee and
family plus 4 additional trip passes for
employee; with 3 or more years’ service, 2
trip passes for employee and family and 7
additional trip passes for employee.
Maintenance employees—no provision
Oct. 23, 1946 (S E R M C E )..
No provision made for travel on other
Greyhound lines.
Maintenance employees were eligible for
trip passes on the company’s lines, by
company practice.
Added: Operators, regular and extra— 2 trip
passes for family use provided after 1 year’s
service.
Oct. 24, 1948 (SERM CE). _ Changed to: Terminal employees— provided
transportation privileges of operators.
Court Duty Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (S E R M C E )..
Operators, regular, and terminal employees—
paid regular compensation plus expenses.
Maintenance employees—no provision
_ __
Extra operators—paid amount they would
have earned, or minimum daily guar
antee, whichever was higher, plus ex
penses. Court witnesses’ fees to be
returned to the company.
By company practice, these employees
were paid regular rate when attending
at company request.
Tire-Changing Allowance
Oct. 22, 1945 (S E R M C E ).. Operators, regular and extra—$1 paid for each
|fn
tire changed.
Oct. 23, 1946 (SERMCE) _ . Added: Operators, regular and extra— $1 paid
for installation or removal of chains.
No additional compensation allowed for
changing dual tires.
Charter Service Pay
Oct. 22, 1945 (SERMCE) _ _ Operators, regular—regular mileage rate, but
not less than amount operator would have
received on regular run, paid for operating
chartered bus.
Operators, extra—paid regular mileage rate
except where minimum rate was higher.
When minimum rate was higher, paid for
elapsed time on following basis:
8 hours or less—minimum hourly rate;
more than 8 but less than 11 hours—
minimum daily rate; more than 11 to
maximum of 16 hours— minimum daily
rate plus hourly payment for hours in
excess of 11 (table C).
Oct. 23, 1946 (SE R M C E )._ Increased to: Operators, regular—payment
made for elapsed time in excess of 9 hours.
See footnotes at end of table.
322061-
54 -
4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
When away from home terminal for 24
hours or more, operators reimbursed for
meals and lodgings (see table C).
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1348
B—Related wage practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Death and Disability Benefits
Aug. 18, 1945 (established
Oct. 31, 1929).
Aug. 1, 1947.
Sept. 1, 1950.
Jan. 15, 1952
Contributory plan available after 6 months’
service provided:
Life insurance— $1,000 for mechanics and
clerks; $2,000 for drivers and super
visors.
Accidental death and dismemberment in
surance— $1,000 for mechanics and
clerks; $2,000 for drivers and super
visors.
Sickness and accident benefits— $15 a week
for mechanics, clerks, and drivers and
$25 a week for supervisors, starting on
8th day in case of sickness and 1st day
in case of nonoccupational accident.
Disability benefits—$26.25 a month for
40 months for mechanics and clerks;
$36 a month for 60 months for drivers
and supervisors.
Discontinued: Sickness and accident benefits—
under this plan, dropped with establishment
of voluntary employee-paid plan for such
benefits (see section immediately following).
Monthly cost $2.31 for mechanics and
clerks; $3.12 for drivers; $4.04 for super
visors. N ot included in union agree
ment.
Maximum time 26 weeks.
Payable to employees under 60 years of
age who were totally and permanently
disabled.
Dispatchers, foremen, and agents specified
to receive same benefits at same costs
as for supervisors above. New sliding
schedule of benefits and costs based on
earnings established for supervisors
(subsequent changes for these super
visors not reported in this chronology).
Monthly cost for remaining benefits under
plan changed to 73 cents for mechanics
and clerks; $1.50 for others (drivers,
dispatchers, foremen, and agents).
Monthly cost to employees further re
duced to 71 cents for mechanics and
clerks; $1.42 for others.
Sickness and Accident Benefits
Sept. 1, 1950
New plan paid for entirely by employees
provided:
Sickness and accident benefits— 70 percent
of weekly wages up to maximum of
$40 starting on 8th day of disability
or on the day regular wages became
less than 10 percent of weekly wage.
Hospital benefits— $8 a day starting on
1st day of hospital confinement.
Apr. 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 1953.
Changed to: Sickness and accident benefits—
Maximum reduced to $32 a week.
Changed to: Sickness and accident benefits—
Maximum increased to $35 a week; hospital
benefits—maximum increased to $10 a day.
Cost to employees 1 percent of the first
$3,000 of annual earnings. Not in
cluded in union agreement.
Maximum time 26 weeks for one “disa
bility benefit period” ; 51 weeks in the
case of 2 separate illnesses or accidents
within a calendar year. Not applicable
to occupational sickness or accident.
Maximum time 12 days in any one disa
bility benefit period. Not applicable
to hospital confinement due to occupa
tional sickness or accident.
Maximum time for sickness and accident
benefits increased to 27 weeks for one
disability benefit period.
Hospitalization
Aug. 18, 1945 (established
Oct. 1, 1929).
Southern Pacific Hospital Plan provided:
Full hospital, surgical, medical, and nurs
ing coverage for maximum of 390 days.
i
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Membership in Plan mandatory. Month
ly cost to employees $2.25J Paid for
entirely by employees. Not included
in union agreement.
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 39
1349
B—R elated wage practices1—Continued
Effective date
Applications, exceptions, and
other related matters
Provision
Pension Plan
Aug. 18, 1945 (established
July 1, 1941).
Julv 1, 1949. _ .
Contributory plan available providing pensions at age 60 for women and operators
and at 65 for other men with 2 or more
years’ service. Annuity to equal 1 percent
of aggregate earnings on which contributions
were made.8
Added: Supplementary plan initiated for
employees subscribing to basic plan pro
viding an annuity of 0.23 percent (total of
1.23 percent for basic and supplementary
plans) of aggregate earnings on which
contributions were made.
Minimum annuities—$45 a month minimum
annuity between July 1, 1949, and June 30,
1954, provided employees with 10 years of
service and subscribing to both plans; $55
between July 1, 1954, and June 30, 1959,
for employees with 15 years’ service; and
$65 after July 1, 1959, for employees with
20 years’ service.
1
2
Last entry under each item represents most recent change.
Paym ent for extra service was made for hours in excess of 9 on an assign
m ent where operator had sufficient driving time to make complete trip and
return within 9 hours (known as Turn-around Service). Through or
Straight-away Service did not allow operator to return within 9-hour period
Extra service paid for at regular mileage rate except where minimum daily
rate was greater. Extra service pay for hours in excess of 9 applicable only
when minimum daily rate was in effect.
The term “detailed assignment” denotes shuttling of buses, assisting
with and handling of baggage, mail, and express on platform; and checking
of traffic density.
Extra operators’ names were posted on a bulletin board in order of sen
iority. The first operator on the list was ordinarily given the first available
assignment and his name was moved to the bottom of the list. This pro
3
4
8
Employee contributed 2 percent of earnings; company contributed amount
necessary to purchase annuity. Plan
not included in union agreement.
Employee electing to join contributed
additional 1 percent (total contribution
3 percent).
cedure of providing each extra operator with an assignment in turn was
continued, with new men being placed at the bottom of the list as they were
employed. Out-of-town extra operators were exceptions to this “first-infirst-out” rule. These operators were given preference on runs (a) where
more than one operator was used; (b) to deadhead a bus; and (e) if qualified,
on one-way trips back to home terminals.
The term “deadheading” applied to driving an empty coach to a design
ated place on orders of the company. “Deadheading on cushions” applied
to operators who rode in a coach while another operator drove.
The monthly cost to the employees during the period covered by this
study was changed as follows: M ay 1, 1946, $2.75; July 1, 1947, $3.50; Mar. 1,
1949, $3.75; Sept. 1, 1949, $4.25; June 1,1951, $4.75.
For further details see M onthly Labor Review, July 1953 (p. 741), Wage
Chronology No. 35: Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines, Inc., 1945-52.
6
2
8
C—Minimum guarantee paid operators
T ype of operator, class of payment, and amount
Extra operator
Regular operator
Effective date and length of service
Chartered service
Regular runs, Relief day work, daily
daily
Oct. 22, 1945_______________
1st 6 months__ __
2d 6 months
3d 6 months .
Thereafter
Oct. 23, 1946. _____________
1st 6 months
2d 6 months
3d 6 months
Thereafter
Oct. 23, 1947________
1st 6 months
2d 6 months
Thereafter
Oct. 24, 1948__________
1st 6 months
2d 6 months
Thereafter
Oct. 24, 1949____
1s t
6 m o n th s
2d 6 months
Thereafter____ _
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$7.
7.
8.
8.
60
80
00
20
Double time
do
do
do
9.
9.
9.
9.
04
20
36
60
Double time
do
10. 08
10. 28
10. 48
D o u b l e t im e
do
do
11. 20
11. 36
11. 60
D o u b le tim e
do
11. 52
11. 68
11. 92
D o n h ie t i m e
Semimonthly
Daily
D aily mini
mum
S tand service1
Expense
$60. 00
(2)
$5. 00
$7. 80
$0. 75
75. 00
(2)
5. 50
7. 20
. 90
75. 00
(2)
5. 50
7. 20
. 90
110. 00
(2)
5. 75
9. 00
. 90
110. 00
(2)
5. 75
9. 00
. 90
do
do
do
do
____ do_________
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1350
C—Minimum guarantee paid operators—Continued
Type of operator, class of payment, and amount
Extra operator
Regular operator
Effective date and length of service
Regular runs, Relief day work, daily Semimonthly
daily
______
Mar. 2, 1951. _
1st. fi months
2d fi months
Thereafter
Mar. 2, 1952_______________
1st fi months
2d fi months
Thprpfl.ft.pr
Oct. 1, 1952. _
1st fi months
2d 6 months
Thprpo.ftpr
Mar. 1, 1953 3
1st fi m on th s
2d 6 months
Thereafter
Oct. 1, 1953 3_______________
1st 6 months
2d 6 months
Thereafter _
12. 67
12. 84
13. 11
Double tim e ..
do
do_
13. 255
13. 439
13. 715
Double tim e ..
do
do_
13. 812
14. 004
14. 292
Double tim e ..
do
do
13. 910
14. 103
14. 393
Double time
do
do
15. 05
15. 26
15. 57
Double time
do.
do
1
Daily mini Stand service
mum
Expense
Daily
121. 00
(2)
6. 33
9. 00
1. 00
121. 00
(2)
6. 62
10. 00
1. 05
121. 00
(2)
6. 62
10. 00
1. 09
121. 86
(2)
6. 67
10. 00
1. 098
121. 86
(2)
6. 67
10. 00
1. 188
service except where minimum rate was higher. When elapsed tim e was
less than 8 hours, minimum compensation was based on minimum hourly
rate; when elapsed time was over 3 hours but less than 9 hours, minimum
compensation was based on minimum daily rate. For payment in excess
of minimum daily rate, see Extra Service Pay, table B.
Revised rates after applying cost-of-living factor to contract rates.
The term “stand service’’ consists of protection duty, assisting other
drivers in loading, unloading, and handling of passengers, collection of
tickets, incidental flagging of buses, assisting with the preparation of mani
fests, and other routine duties.
Extra service over same route as regular run was paid on same basis as
regular run. Actual miles operated at mileage rate paid for irregular extra
2
Chartered service
3
D—Mileage and hourly rates paid bus operators
Type of payment and length of service
Oct. 22,
1945
Oct. 23,
1946
Oct. 23,
1947
Oct. 24,
1948
Oct. 24,
1949
Mar. 2,
1951
Mar. 2,
1952
Oct. 1,
1952
Mar. 1,
1953 i
Oct. 1,
1953 i
$0.0445
.0479
.0514
.0548
.0585
$0.0460
.0494
.0529
. 0563
.0600
$0.0496
.0533
.0572
.0609
.0650
$0.0506
.0543
.0582
.0619
.0660
$0.05566
. 05973
. 06402
. 06809
. 07260
$0. 05822
.06248
.06696
.07122
.07594
$0.06067
.06511
.06978
.07422
.07913
$0.06110
. 06557
. 07027
. 07474
. 07969
$0.06611
.07094
. 07603
.08087
.08623
. 02783
. 029865
. 03201
. 034045
. 03630
. 02911
. 03124
. 03348
. 03561
. 03797
. 03033
. 03255
. 03489
. 03711
. 03957
. 03054
. 03278
. 03514
. 03737
. 03985
. 03305
. 03547
. 03802
. 04043
.04311
Mileage rales:
Driving revenue or deadhead schedule 2—
Less than 6 months’ service______________ $0.0399
months but less than 12 months_________
.0430
months but less than 18 months__ ____
.0461
.0492
18 months but less than 24 m onths____ ___
.0525
24 months and over____________________
Deadhead passenger service:3
.01995
Less than 6 months’ service___ _________
months but less than 12 m onths____ ____
.0215
months but less than 18 months_______
.02305
18 months but less than 24 m onths____ . .
.0246
24 months and over_____________________
.02625
6
12
6
12
Hourly rates:
Less than 6 months’ service___
____________
.950
6months but less than 12 m onths____________ .975
12months but less than 18 months___________ 1.000
.02225
.02395
.0257
.0274
.02925
1.130
1.150
1.170
.0230
.0247
. 02645
. 02815
.0300
1.180
1.200
1.220
.0248
.02665
.0286
.03045
.0325
1.320
1. 340
1.360
1.390
.0253
.02715
.0291
. 03095
.0330
1. 360
1.380
1.400
1.430
1. 565
1. 588
. 611
1. 645
1.496
1. 518
1. 540
1.573
1
1.631
1.655
1. 679
1.715
1.643
1.667
1.691
1.727
1.777
1.803
1.829
. 868
1
18 months and over______ ______ _
_______ 1.025
1.200 1.250
1Revised rates after applying cost-of-living factor to contract rates.
3 Rates paid operators who, under instructions of the company, rode in a
2Rates paid operators for driving loaded or em pty coaches on scheduled runs. coach while another operator drove (deadheading on cushions).
E—Basic hourly rates for maintenance employees
Effective date
Occupation
Aug. 18,
1945
Journeymen:
M achinists____
___________________ ______
Automotive mechanics_____________ . . .
_______
Electricians___ ________________
________ ___
Welders____________________ _____________ _
Body, fender, and radiator repairm en__________ _
Trimmers___ ________________________ _______
Body assemblers and dismantlers 1 _____________
June 1,
1946
June 1,
1947
June 1,
1948
$1. 750
$1. 925
$2.1125
$1. 625
1.625
1.800
1. 9875
1. 500
1.625
1.800
1. 9875
1.500
1. 625
1.800
1. 9875
1.500
1.625
1.925
2.1125
1. 750
1.625
1.800
1.9875
1. 500
1.3250
.975
1. 050
to
to
to
to
2.1125
1.925
1.625
1.750
1Progression from minimum to maximum rate based on company’s judgment of individual’s competence.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.200
June 1,
1949
$2.1375
2.0125
2. 0125
2. 0125
2.1375
2. 0125
1. 3500
to
2.1375
June 1,
1950
$2. 200
2. 075
2. 075
2.075
2.200
2.075
1. 4125
to
2.200
June 1,
1952
$2. 435
2.310
2.310
2.310
2.435
2.310
1. 6475
to
2. 435
June 1,
1953
$2.5125
2.3875
2.3875
2.3875
2. 5125
2.3875
1. 725
to
2. 5125
1351
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 39
F—Basic monthly rates for terminal employees 1
Effective date and class of terminal
O ccupation and length of service
T ick et agents and counter inform ation clerks:
1st y ea r_______________________
2d y ea r__________________________ _
3d year____ ______________________________ .
4th year_______________ __________ . . .
5th year_______ _________ ________
6th year and over______________
_______ __
C ashiers:
1st y ea r____ ___________________ . .
2d y ea r___________ ____ _____________
_____
3d year and o v er_________
T ick et office clerks an d telephone inform ation
clerks:
1st y ea r____________________ _________ .
2d y ea r________________________
3d y ea r_________________________
4th year___ ______________________
5th year and o ver. . ____ _ _ ____ _
B aggage and express clerks, platform loaders and
unloaders:
1st y ea r_______________ ______ _
2d y e a r ... ________________
3d y ea r____________ _____ _____
4th y e a r .. . . . . _______ ____
5th y ea r______________________
6th year and o ver__________ . .
C hief baggage clerks________ . . .
Janitors and porters:
1st y ea r_____ ___________ ._
2 d y e a r ._ . .
______ . . . ______
___ . . .
3d year__________ ________
T hereafter_____ ________ ___________________
M atrons and redcaps:
1st y ea r_____________________ _________________
2d y e a r ...
_______ ___________
3d year and over_______ _______________ ______
Oct. 22, 1945
O ct. 23, 1946
Oct. 23, 1947
Oct. 24, 1948
Oct. 24, 1949
C lass A
Class B
Class A
Class B
C lass A
Class B
Class A
Class B
C lass A
Class B
$145.00
160. 00
170. 00
180.00
190. 00
200. 00
$135.00
150.00
160.00
165. 00
175.00
185.00
$188.50
208. 00
221.00
234.00
247.00
260. 00
$175. 50
195.00
208. 00
214. 00
227.00
240.00
$191.00
210. 50
223. 50
236. 50
249. 50
262. 50
$178. 00
197. 50
210. 50
216. 50
229. 50
242. 50
$211. 80
231. 30
244. 30
257. 30
270. 30
283. 30
$198. 80
218. 30
231.30
237.80
250. 80
263. 80
$216.80
236.30
249. 30
262.30
275.30
288.30
$203.80
223.30
236.30
242. 80
255. 80
268. 80
200. 00
210.00
220. 00
185. 00
195.00
200.00
260.00
273.00
286.00
240. 50
253. 00
260. 00
262. 50
275. 50
288. 50
243. 00
255. 50
262. 50
283.30
296.30
309. 30
263. 80
276. 80
283. 30
288. 30
301.30
314.30
268.80
281. 80
288.30
125.00
130.00
135.00
145.00
155.00
115.00
125.00
130. 00
135.00
145.00
162. 50
169. 00
175.50
188. 50
201.50
149. 50
162. 50
169.00
175.00
188. 50
165. 00
171. 50
178.00
191.00
204.00
152.00
165. 00
171. 50
177.50
191. 00
185. 80
192. 30
198.80
211. 80
224.80
172. 80
185. 80
192. 30
198. 80
211. 80
190. 80
197.30
203. 80
216. 80
229. 80
177. 80
190. 80
197.30
203.80
216.80
135. 00
140. 00
145.00
150.00
155. 00
160.00
175. 00
125.00
135. 00
140. 00
145. 00
150. 00
155.00
165.00
175. 50
182. 00
188. 50
195. 00
201.00
208. 00
227. 50
162. 50
175. 50
182. 00
188. 50
195.00
201. 50
214. 50
178. 00
184. 50
191.00
197. 50
203. 50
210. 50
230.00
165.00
178.00
184. 50
191. 00
197. 50
204.00
217.00
198.80
205.30
211.80
218.30
224. 80
231.30
250. 80
185. 80
198.80
205.30
211. 80
218.30
224. 80
237. 80
203. 80
210. 30
216. 80
223.30
229. 80
236. 30
255. 80
190. 80
203.80
210.30
216. 80
223.30
229. 80
242. 80
105.00
115. 00
125. 00
130. 00
105.00
115. 00
125.00
130.00
136.50
149. 50
162. 50
169. 00
139 .00
152.00
165.00
171. 50
159.80
172. 80
185. 80
192.30
164 .80
177. 80
190. 80
197.30
95. 00
105.00
115.00
95.00
105. 00
115. 00
123. 50
136. 50
149. 50
126.00
139.00
152.00
146. 80
159. 80
172. 80
151. 80
164. 80
177. 80
Mar. 1, 1953 2
Oct. 1 1953 2
Effective date and class of terminal
Occupation and length of service
Mar. 2,1951
Mar. 2, 1952
Oct. 1, 1952
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Class A
$238.48
259.93
274.23
288. 53
302.83
317.13
$224.18
245.63
259. 93
267.08
281.38
295.68
$249.45
271.89
286.84
301.80
316. 76
331. 72
$234.49
256.93
271.89
279.37
294.32
309. 28
$259. 94
283.32
298. 91
314. 50
330.08
345.67
$244. 36
267. 74
283. 32
291.12
306. 70
322.29
$261. 78
285. 32
301.02
316.72
332.41
348.11
$246.09
269. 63
285.32
293.18
308.87
324. 57
$271.32
295.72
311.99
328. 26
344. 53
360.80
$255.05
279.45
295.72
303.86
320.13
336.40
317.13
331. 43
345.73
295.68
309. 98
317.13
331.72
346.63
361.63
309. 28
324. 24
331. 72
345. 67
361. 26
376.85
322.29
337.88
345.67
348.11
363. 81
379.51
324. 57
340. 27
348.11
360.80
377. 07
393.33
336.40
352.67
360.80
1
2
209.88
217.03
224.18
238.48
252.78
195. 58
209.88
217.03
224.18
238.48
219. 53
227.01
234.49
249.45
264.41
204. 58
219. 53
227.01
234.49
249. 45
228.77
236. 56
244.36
259.94
275.53
213.18
228. 77
236. 56
244. 36
259.94
230.39
238.23
246. 09
261. 78
277.48
214.69
230.39
238. 23
246.09
261. 78
238. 78
246.91
255.05
271.32
287. 59
222.52
238. 78
246.91
255.05
271.32
1
2
224.18
231.33
238.48
245.63
252. 78
259.73
281.38
209.88
224.18
231.33
238.48
245. 63
252. 78
267.08
234.49
241.97
249.45
256.93
264.41
271.89
294.32
219.53
234. 49
241.97
249.45
256.93
264.41
279.37
244.36
252.15
259. 94
267. 74
275. 53
283.32
306. 70
228.77
244.36
252.15
259. 94
267. 74
275. 53
291.12
246.09
253.93
261.78
269.63
277.48
285.32
308.87
230.39
246.09
253.93
261. 78
269.63
277.48
293.18
255.05
263.18
271.32
279.45
287. 59
295. 72
320.13
238.78
255.05
263.18
271. 32
279.45
287. 59
303.86
Ticket agents and counter information clerks:
st year_____ ________________ . .
d year _____ _ ____________ .
3d y e a r ______ _________________ . ________
4th year__________ _________________________
5th year_________ . . . ____________________
th year and over___ _______________________
Cashiers:
st year___ ___ _______________ . .
. _
d y ear... . . . ____________________ _______
3d year and over______
_______
. _ __
Ticket office clerks and telephone information
clerks:
st year_______________________ _ . . ____ _
d year_______ _______ ____ ________________
3d year_____ ____ . . . ____ . . .
. . . . .
4th'year..
____ ____________ . . . . . . . .
5th year and over.
_.
. _______
Baggage' and express clerks, platform loaders and
unloaders:
st year____________ _______ ______________ .
d year... . . .
_______ _____________ ____
3d year
. . ____________________________
4th year____________________________________
5th year___________________________________
th year and over___________________________
Chief baggage clerks____________ ______________
Janitors and porters:
st year________________ ___________ _____
d year _______ ________ __________________ .
3d year_______
Thereafter________ ________________________
Matrons and redcaps:
st year____________________________________
d year_____________________________________
3d year and over____________________________
1
2
6
1
2
6
Class B
1
2
181.28
195. 58
209.88
217.03
189.62
204. 58
219. 53
227.01
197.60
213.18
228.77
236.56
199
214.69
230.39
238.23
.00
206.25
222. 52
238. 78
246.91
1
2
166. 98
181.28
195.58
174.66
189.62
204. 58
182.01
197.60
213.18
183.30
199.00
214. 69
189.98
206.25
222. 52
1The rates shown were paid for a 40-hour, 5-day week.
^ Revised rates after applying cost-of-living factor to contract rates.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
— ALBERT
A. B
e LMAN A N D
DONALD
L. H
e LM
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
1352
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
Injury Rates in Manufacturing,
Second Quarter 1954
Injury-Frequency Rates in Manufacturing,
Second Quarter 1954
A n e w r e c o r d of safety in American industry
was achieved during the first 6 months of 1954,
according to preliminary reports compiled by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The all-manufactur
ing injury-frequency ra te 1 continued its down
ward trend for the third successive quarter and
reached an alltime low of 11.1 injuries per million
man-hours in the second quarter of the year.
This rate was 4 percent below the average for the
first quarter of 1954 and 21 percent below the
second quarter 1953 figure of 14.0.
The cumulative average for the first 6 months of
1954 was 11.4, or 17 percent below that for the
corresponding period in 1953. The rate for each
month in 1954 has been the lowest ever recorded
for that particular month. The rate of 10.9 for
May set an all time low for any month; the
previous record of 11.0 was established in Decem
ber 1953.
This improvement in safety was shared by
most of the 132 industries covered by the survey.
Only 9 of these had significantly higher rates in
the first 6 months of 1954 than in the first half of
1953. Relatively stable rates were recorded for
36 industries, but 87 showed decreases of one full
frequency-rate point or more. Of this latter
group, 15 had decreases of 5 points or more.
The most outstanding improvement was in the
small boatbuilding industry, which had a con
sistent record of declining rates throughout 1953
and into 1954. The rate for this industry dropped
from 40.6 in the first 6 months of 1953 to 27.9 in
the first half of 1954. Likewise the millwork and
structural wood products industry recorded a
steady improvement in its safety record, with a
drop from 27.5 injuries per million man-hours in
the first half of 1953 to 19.7 in the first 6 months of
1954. The screw-machine products industry also
showed substantial improvement—its 6-months
rate dropped from 19.1 in 1953 to 11.8 in 1954.
1
The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work in
juries for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is
any injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which
(a) results in death or any degree of permanent physical impairment, or (b)
makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly
established job which is open and available to him throughout the hours
corresponding to his regular shift on any one or more days after the day of
injury (including Sundays, days oil, or plant shutdowns). The term “in
jury” includes occupational diseases.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The high rate in 1953, however, was due largely
to a disastrous explosion in April which doubled
the injury rate for the industry for that month.
Other industries showing notable improvement
in their injury rates between the first 6 months of
1953 and the first half of 1954 were: bolts, nuts,
washers, and rivets; insulated wire and cable;
sawmills and planing mills; fabricated wire
products; iron and steel forgings; miscellaneous
nonmetallic mineral products; cutlery and edge
tools; paperboard containers and boxes; concrete,
gypsum, and mineral wool; boot and shoe cut
stock and findings; steel foundries; and nonferrous
foundries.
Industries reporting fewer than 4 injuries per
million man-hours for the first 6 months of 1954
were: synthetic rubber, 2.8; synthetic fibers,
1.9; explosives, 2.5; rubber footwear, 3.3; elec
trical equipment for vehicles, 3.8; electric lamps
(bulbs), 3.0; radio tubes, 3.9; miscellaneous com
munication equipment, 2.4; aircraft, 3.1; and
photographic equipment and supplies, 3.8.
1353
INJURY RATES IN MANUFACTURING
Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries, second quarter 1954, with revised rates for 1953 and
first quarter 1954
Second quarter 1954,
by month
First quarter
Second quarter
1953
First 6 months
Industry
April
Average, all manufacturing------- ---------------------- -----Food and kindred products:
Meatpacking and custom slaughtering__________
Sausages and other prepared meat products--------Dairy products
__________________________
Canning and preserving---------------- ------------------Grain-mill products---- ------ -----------------------------Bakery products _____________________________
Cane sugar--------------------------------------- ------------Confectionery and related products________ ____
Bottled soft drinks____________________________
M alt and malt liquors. ______________________
Distilled liquors _________ ______ ____________
Miscellaneous food products — ............................
Textile-mill products:
Cotton varn and textiles------- ------------------------Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles . -------Woolen and worsted textiles_________ ____ _____
Knit goods------------------------------- -----D yeing and finishing textiles.......................................
Miscellaneous textile goods------------------------------Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’_____________ ________
Clothing, women’s and children’s . . . . -------------Miscellaneous fabricated textile products-----------Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
----------------------------------------------Logging----Sawmills and planing m ills. ---------------------------Millwork and structural wood products-------------Plywood mills _______________________________
Wooden containers-----------------------------------Miscellaneous wood products_________ _____ ___
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal-------------------------M etal household furniture ________ _____ ______
Mattresses and bedsprings------------------ ------------Office furniture
------------- --------- ---------------- Public-building and professional furniture----------Partitions and fixtures_________________________
Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard m il ls ..........................
Paperboard containers and b o x e s .............................
Miscellaneous paper and allied products—
Printing, publishing, and allied products:
...... .....................
Newspapers and periodicals...
Miscellaneous printing and publishing...................
Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals. ..................................
Plastics, except synthetic rubber----------------------Synthetic rubber ---------- ---------------------------Synthetic fibers----------- --------------------- --------E xp losives_____________________
- ..............
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals---------Drugs and medicines ____________________ ____
Soap and related products ------------------------ -----Paints, pigments, and related products ..................
Fertilizers__________
__________________ ___
Vegetable and animal oils and fats _______ _____
Compressed and liquefied gases.. ------- ------Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products-------Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes__________________________
Rubber footwear... ---------------------------------------Miscellaneous rubber p r o d u cts---------------- -------Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and fin ish in g____ _ . . . ------Boot and shoe cut stock and findings—
... ...
Footwear (except rubber)--- ------ ------ -- . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous leather products-------------------------Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products_______________________
Structural clay products_______________________
Pottery and related products----------------------------Concrete, gypsum, and mineral w ool- . . ---------Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products-------Primary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel mills---------------------------Gray-iron and malleable foundries----------------- -Steel foundries . . . . .
. . . -------------------------Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying----------Nonferrous foundries_____________ . ------------ Iron and steel forgings------------------- ---------Wire drawing. ------------- -------------------------------Welded and heavy-riveted pipe------------------------Cold-finished steel______________
- ------------See footnote at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ay
June
1953
1954
11.2
10.9
11.2
13.5
11.6
17.8
18.6
18.7
15.0
20.3
17.5
15.6
26.3
16.7
28.2
18.6
20.0
19.2
19.5
15.5
17.9
23.4
16.6
19.2
16.8
21.8
8.2
(0
18.7
09.4
)
7.6
5.6
12.6
4.6
16.0
19.2
22.0
10.9
13.9
19.9
(>)
15.7
7.4
5.7
11.9
4.2
7.2
5.6
14.7
4.5
9.8
10.4
7.7
15.6
5.6
14.8
19.9
7.7
4.8
42.1
18.5
29.2
29.8
28.6
11.2
9.2
57.8
39.8
61.5
40.1
18.3
27.0
28.4
21.7
16.8
(')
23.8
13.5
(')
(>)
8.8
13.8
022.0
)
20.6
10.0
86.8
15.9
014.5
)
9.6
6.3
7.6
(•)
4.9
4.7
(>)
(0
8.8
(>)
15.6
(>)
14.1
4.2
)
9.7
0
20.2
8.0
(>)
16.9
(0
(03.9
6.0
8.1
3.0
(>)
)
(')
0
6.2
13.8
11.4
14.0
12.0
21.6
17.7
24.5
18.0
19.4
16.9
15.9
19.4
20.4
19.4
18.1
24.1
15.2
15.8
17.8
23.9
17.3
19.8
18.1
16.4
21.2
18.1
21.0
18.1
24.5
16.9
14.6
29.9
20.9
9.7
25.4
18.5
4.0
13.5
19.4
20.3
26.7
14.8
16.1
23.7
15.4
29 5
24.5
5.4
14.4
15.7
7.4
5.6
13.1
4.4
12.4
13.0
9.0
7.2
16.3
14.6
18.6
5.8
12.5
4.9
13.5
16.6
8.0
15.9
17.0
7.8
6.5
13.2
4.8
12.9
16.9
8.7
7.3
16.1
5.8
14.5
17.8
8.8
12.6
8.3
5.8
12.4
12.8
7.6
4.9
8.8
6.0
12. 6
12.2
5.6
12.4
83.5
46.6
28.7
28.2
31.5
32.1
74.7
38.5
19.9
27.2
28.7
31.1
67.5
45.4
26.2
30.5
35.6
29.2
69.5
40.6
19.6
27.8
28.9
26.4
75.2
46.0
27.5
29.4
33.6
30.7
72.3
39.5
19.7
27.5
28.8
28.9
84.4
44.9
25.9
31.3
36.6
34.5
70.1
40.0
19.9
26.3
32.1
31.0
76.8
44.3
25.3
29.1
34.0
31.7
21.2
17.1
21.1
20.0
17.3
21.5
18.6
13.1
18.0
15.5
20.3
20.1
16.5
21.3
18.4
17.8
20.4
23.8
22.3
19.5
10.4
19.7
16.5
18.7
14.1
20.9
16.2
17.4
17.9
20.9
20.2
12.9
16.2
14.7
13.4
17.5
14.7
12.2
8.2
9.7
8.7
6.1
8.3
18.0
6.2
24.7
20.1
17.7
19.1
21.3
21.3
17.9
16.4
17.4
20.5
22.5
12.9
12.9
13.5
18.4
14.5
11.3
11.3
13.7
13.3
17.9
13.9
11.7
12.1
14.0
17.9
16.3
8.6
9.3
10.5
9.0
9.4
10.4
10.2
8.2
9.4
9.5
10.4
7.8
7.5
7.8
4.5
2.9
1.3
5.2
4.8
9.5
6.4
3.8
3.1
1.9
2.9
4.0
9.4
7.2
11.3
18.0
22.7
15.3
16.2
7.5
5.9
4.3
1.7
3.9
7.7
5.2
3.6
1.5
4.5
5.5
8.9
9.0
6.4
4.4
18.6
16.8
19.5
28.3
12.0
6.2
8.2
21.5
5.3
4.5
13.3
5.0
3.3
4.5
5.1
13.7
11.2
27.1
19.8
8.9
11.9
(09.5
24.8
w
9.1
41.7
14.2
21.4
14.8
11.5
39.7
15.0
29.2
20.7
4.5
27.4
17.3
13.9
18.9
22.3
5.6
31.8
22.3
15.5
24.5
27.4
16.1
10.5
14.0
22.8
7.1
10.1
2.6
1.4
2.0
4.3
8.6
4.7
3.0
11.3
31.0
(>)
9.0
5.4
29.3
23.2
15.0
24.3
24.7
13.6
12.3
13.9
6.7
5.1
5.8
4.4
12.9
27.9
(')
9.9
14.9
4.1
24.6
17.0
11.5
18.9
17.5
1.9
2.5
4.1
6.8
4.5
3.3
2.3
3.7
4.7
8.5
5.4
3.6
25.9
(>)
9.6
4.5
4.0
2.8
21.0
12.2
23.8
4.2
26.6
18.3
11.4
20.7
15.8
12.9
8.6
15.3
0
9.9
33.7
14.6
(•)
2.0
2.0
13.3
7.2
9. 2
14.3
27.4
11.9
17.0
011.6
5.9
34.3
18.7
(')
11.7
6.4
5.1
2.4
19.3
17.2
19.3
24.9
18.9
24.4
9.2
15.8
4.8
4.5
13.7
8.6
10.2
20.1
6.7
4.7
4.2
7.0
7.1
9. 6
13.3
18.9
9.0
15.1
5.2
)
12.7
15.0
12.6
27.2
18.2
5.2
14.9
21.8
18.1
14.8
17.9
7.3
5.1
11.3
8.2
6.6
4.6
)
12.2
10.2
6.8
21.1
29.3
18.3
17.6
16.4
14.0
34. 6
24.9
7.5
13.7
13.2
6.6
16.1
21.7
11.9
16.3
17.7
13.2
18.8
17.6
11.7
7.7
22.1
20.0
20.4
18.6
25.6
16.7
16.0
19.5
13.9
30.6
21.4
6.5
15.0
7.8
4.8
14.0
6.0
11.8
6.5
4.2
7.8
(')
21.7
(>)
14.9
12.2
8.1
25.6
18.6
3.6
13.4
8.4
5.2
11.7
8.4
41.7
13.3
11.6
11.1
5.3
14.5
9.6
36.2
14.8
24.5
18.7
(0
13.4
14.0
7.1
8.5
12.3
(>)
19.7
(•)
16.4
(08.5
11.8
Third Fourth Average
quarter quarter for year
20.1
13.1
17.4
13.3
9.5
10.4
1954
9.3
10.7
11.7
22.8
11.2
25.2
18.4
4.4
14.3
1953
17.1
6.5
14.4
17.2
16.7
20.9
20.3
10.2
12.0
20.2
1954
8.5
18.2
(>)
(')
0
11.9
10.7
14.9
«
2.4
7.5
8.5
8.8
21.5
(*)
)
11.4
13.1
14.3
8.2
21.2
12.8
8.2
(')
16.3
(>)
7.1
4.8
27.4
28.5
29.1
19.7
16.4
16.7
7.8
(*)
15.6
15.5
20.5
13.8
30.5
16.7
8.3
17.1
7.2
5.5
15.0
21.8
20.8
1953
11.0
12.6
10.0
7.0
14.0
9.5
12.3
21.8
27.6
6.6
10.1
12.4
23.3
(08.7
11.0
8.1
11.2
26.4
25.2
10.0
13.7
10.6
8.2
7.2
10.5
15. 6
15.7
11.1
21.9
(‘)
8.5
11.4
21.2
9.5
12.6
11.0
9.8
34.8
17.2
20.5
5.9
31.2
5.2
25.9
17.8
14.8
39.4
14.8
21.4
13.7
4.1
24.7
17.7
5.5
30.5
22.7
15.2
24.4
26.0
14.8
11.4
14.0
4.3
26.1
17.5
13.0
19.2
19.8
10.8
11.5
4.9
4.5
12.9
13.0
43.3
16.9
31.7
18.4
38.0
14.9
27.0
19.7
19.5
17.0
12.3
9.9
29.3
11.1
8.4
12.5
22.0
15.1
21.6
24.9
13.5
11.5
16.0
7.2
5.0
3.3
1.7
3.6
5.0
8.7
8.3
10.9
18.2
25.4
9.2
17.5
4.4
4.0
8.6
36.6
15.5
21.4
12.5
12.0
8.0
12.0
20.1
25.2
6.8
8.0
12.8
21.2
19.9
12.2
10.4
14.2
26.0
38.6
15.9
26.6
17.7
5.5
29.6
21.5
15.1
23.0
24.3
13.9
11.2
14.5
1354
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries, second quarter 1954, with revised rates for 1958 and
first quarter 1954— Continued
Second quarter 1954,
by month
April
Fabricated metal products:
Tin cans and other tinware__________________
Cutlery and edge tools___ ______ ______________
Hand tools, files, and saws____________________
Hardware__ ___ _______________________ . .
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies___________
Oil burners and heating and cooking apparatus...
Structural steel and ornamental metal work____
M etal doors, sash, frame, and tr im ...
Boiler-shop products...................................................
Sheet-m etalw ork.. ______________
Stamped and pressed metal products.—.................
Fabricated wire products__________________
M etal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails__________
Steel springs_____________________________
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets______________
Screw-machine products____________ ____
Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified
Machinery (except electrical):
Engines and turbines____ __________ _______ .
Agricultural machinery and tractors______ _
Construction and mining m achinery... . . .
Metalworking machinery______________ .
Food-products machinery_______________
Textile machinery___ . . . ______ ______
Miscellaneous special-industry machinery______
Pumps and compressors_____________ .
Elevators, escalators, and conveyors________ _
Mechanical power-transmission equipment (except ball and roller bearings)_____________
Miscellaneous general industrial m achinery..
Commercial and household machinery_____
Valves and fittings___________ _______ .
Ball and roller bearings________________ . .
Machine shoos, general____________ _____ ___
Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus_________ _____
Electrical appliances ..........................................
Insulated wire and cable. ________ _____
Electrical equipment for vehicles . . ...............
Electric lamps (bulbs). .
______. . . . .
Radios and related products__________
Radio tubes______________ ____ _
Miscellaneous communication equipment
Batteries__________ . . .
_____ _ . . .
Electrical products, not elsewhere classified..
Transportation equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers............ . .
Motor-vehicle parts and accessories.................
Aircraft . . . ____________________________
Aircraft parts. _ . . . ______ ______ ___
Shipbuilding and repairing___ . . . ______ _
Boatbuilding and repairing_________ ____
Railroad equipment_______ ______________
Instruments and related products:
Scientific in stru m en ts_____ _____ ___________
M echanical m easuring and controlling instrum en ts__________________________________
Optical instrum ents and lenses________________
M edical instrum ents and sup p lies__________
Photographic eq u ip m en t and su p p lies...........
W atches and clocks________________________
M iscellaneous m anufacturing industries:
P avin g and roofing m aterials___ ______ _______
Jew elry, silverw are, and plated w are___________
Fabricated plastic products______________ ____
M iscellaneous m an u fa ctu rin g.. _______ _____
Ordnance and accessories____ __________________
7.2
13.7
17.8
9.2
18.3
18.8
17.5
27.0
26.8
17.9
10.2
010.1
14.9
)
9.9
14.5
M ay
June
6.6
8.7
13.6
13.7
6.5
21.4
19.9
21.5
19.1
25.8
19.0
11.3
16.1
(9
14.4
17.0
14.0
11.4
17.3
19.5
19.3
19.5
22.8
16.5
10.5
15.2
(9
17.3
9.0
13.0
11.6
12.8
10.8
13.0
13.2
9. 5
12.7
17.8
10.2
11.2
13.9
11.3
13.4
11.7
25.7
9.3
10.5
16.8
9.7
9.9
9.4
15.5
15.5
6.9
12.3
13.9
7.0
14.6
14.8
7.0
10.8
11.8
10.6
9.1
7.0
9.0
8.8
5.1
4.4
5.1
5.6
2.6
7.5
(>)
3.8
5.7
3.1
4.9
15.7
10.4
14.4
6.6
17.2
14.3
12.2
12.6
13.3
7.5
10.4
7.5
13.7
10.1
10.1
16.1
6.2
10.3
8.7
4.6
3.4
5.3
3.9
2.8
11.2
(9
5.1
11.1
6.3
2.2
2.3
4.8
3.4
2.3
13.8
(9
1953
9.5
21.4
17.4
12.8
19.9
20.8
24.6
18.8
20.7
24.6
15.2
19.6
13.4
16.4
17.4
15.9
14.3
10.9
13.5
21.3
13.4
16.7
11.8
17.5
17.1
16.5
13.6
15.8
8.2
14.6
12.6
15.8
7.0
9.5
15.1
4.8
3.6
6.6
1954
9.0
11.9
15.0
10.7
16.6
17.8
21.5
16.0
22.2
24.4
11.9
14.4
10.4
12.5
11.5
10.5
11.1
8.9
10.3
18.5
10.9
12.9
10.0
Second quarter
1953
8.7
17.1
22.0
12.3
16.3
23.3
25.2
21.3
23.7
22.1
15.0
22.7
7.8
17.2
18.4
22.3
25.2
17.8
10.7
15.4
11.8
13.9
10.2
10.5
16.8
17.9
19.1
13.9
15.9
14.3
16.1
9.5
17.9
11.7
17.1
7.4
10.4
14.6
4.4
3.4
6.5
4.9
3.0
13.1
10.8
9.4
12.9
6.1
10.1
8.0
8.8
16.3
12.2
16.5
7.2
10.0
4.1
3.4
5.1
4.3
2.5
10.7
5.8
4.4
5.2
3.1
4.9
5.2
7.3
3.8
6.5
5.3
6.9
3.6
6.5
21.5
42.6
4.2
5.6
3.1
5.6
17.5
29.1
5.0
7.6
4.1
6.5
24.0
38.7
26.3
11.1
9.1
11.4
10.1
12.6
10.0
14.9
4.6
3.5
6.5
4.5
3.2
10.7
7.8
5.6
8.0
11.3
14.9
23.3
15.1
13.2
14.0
7.2
13.3
16.3
5.2
3.5
2.3
12.4
6.5
4.1
3.4
21.2
13.4
21.9
13.4
16.5
11.3
17.5
17.3
17.1
10.8
8.2
12.6
18.1
22.1
25.0
20.1
22.2
9.6
11.5
16.8
10.3
12.7
9.1
15.4
13.8
15.0
22.6
1954
13.3
15.1
9.9
17.8
18.6
20.5
18.8
23.7
9.2
13.2
11.1
2.6
21.8
9.1
19.2
19.7
11.0
17.5
17.5
17.8
6.9
7.6
8.5
3.5
7.5
14.7
15.2
9.0
19.1
19.4
19.4
1953
13.5
12.3
15.5
17.0
13.0
16.1
7.7
12.9
8.7
13.1
1954
First 6 months
21.2
1953
Third Fourth Average
quarter quarter for year
10.0
13.8
21.0
10.1
15.0
23.8
25.1
23.6
25.4
22.6
11.7
13.7
19.0
13.2
17.1
13.6
14.3
12.4
9.2
10.9
17.7
8.2
12.1
21.6
11.1
13.2
10.9
11.8
10.6
12.8
9.6
15.4
15.4
14.0
12.1
15.1
7.4
11.9
9.0
13.0
6.5
8.8
8.2
3.8
3.0
5.1
3.9
2.4
11.6
6.2
13.0
16.4
13.5
17.6
15.3
18.1
10.7
17.8
8.6
15.0
13.2
14.8
7.3
8.8
15.4
4. 5
4.1
6.1
3.9
2.9
15. 4
10.4
9.0
12.8
18.0
10.4
15.4
19.4
20.6
16.0
24.5
19.1
13.1
16.8
8.3
11.5
10.7
12.0
12.4
9.3
16.4
19.6
11.5
16.7
21.9
23.9
19.9
23.6
22.1
14.3
19.6
10.6
15.6
15.2
16.3
12.5
8.5
9.6
15.9
10. 7
19.3
9.4
15.3
12.9
13.7
9.2
12.3
20. 5
11.9
14.3
7.7
15.1
12.7
16.0
8.5
15.7
11.9
15.6
10.0
14.5
6.8
9.3
11.9
2. 7
4. 6
5.5
3.8
2.4
11.4
5.3
12.6
17.2
11.4
17.0
15.7
16.5
7.1
9.5
14.3
4.1
3.9
6.2
4.2
3.0
12.1
7.8
20.1
06.6
)
4.7
5.3
3.2
4.6
19.7
(9
8.9
5.0
7.2
5.7
6.4
4.4
7.7
5.9
7.0
5.1
3.0
3.9
5.5
6.7
(9
11.2
3.9
10.6
9.8
5.5
8.0
9.4
9.1
5.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.6
2.9
6.1
7.0
6.5
7.0
5.5
8.4
7.3
5.5
9.3
4.7
8 .4
7.5
7.9
8.1
5.7
8.1
7.5
6. 7
8.4
3.8
7.2
6.7
5. 7
7 1
4
7.8
6. 7
4. 7
fi 8
5. 7
6.8
13.8
6.6
14.8
15.8
8.5
10.1
7.7
13.3
12.5
6.9
12.2
8.8
18.0
15.7
7.3
8.1
7.7
11.7
10.4
7.5
12.9
7.7
16.5
15.8
7.9
9.0
7.7
12.6
11.5
7.2
14.8
9.0
16.2
14.3
9.3
12. 3
5.8
14.4
14.2
6.8
(9
8.7
13.4
11.1
71
(9
11.4
4.8
9.4
(9
5.7
10.8
11.0
7.4
4.6
4.7
2.9
5.1
20.1
12.8
(9
(9
5.4
5.4
5.4
(9
8.7
11.0
9.1
7.9
i Insufficient data to w arrant presentation of average.
N o t e .— T h is table presents revised rates for 1953 and th e first quarter 1954.
M o n th ly and quarterly rates for 1953 were com puted from data furnished b y
establishm ents w hich reported for all 12 m onths. These rates were then
adjusted on the basis of the ratios betw een the final annual rates and the 12
m o n th s’ cu m u lative averages. T he final annual rates are based upon a
more com prehensive survey than are th e m on th ly and quarterly rates, and
are, therefore, considered to be the best m easure of the level of injury fre
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
First quarter
40.6
4.3
5.4
3.1
5.3
18. 7
27.9
9.2
11.2
20.0
22.8
5.0
7.2
4.0
21.9
32.4
4. 6
5.8
3.6
5.9
16.7
31.4
9.1
36.3
11.8
10.9
11.3
6.2
F> F
5.
5.0
6.9
3.8
6.3
21.1
fi
7.7
F)
13.3
7 5
15. 9
15.0
8 .0
q uency. T h e m o n th ly rates, how ever, show the m onth-to-m onth flu ctu a
tions and th e current trend in injury rates. T he rates for 1954 were com puted
from data furnished b y all establishm ents reporting for the given periods
and were also adjusted b y the sam e ratios applied to the 1953 figures. W hen
final 1954 rates becom e available, som e further revisions m a y be necessary to
bring the m o n th ly and quarterly rates in to line w ith th e annual averages.
A table presenting rates b y m on ths and quarters for 1953 and for the first 6
m on ths of 1954 is available upon request.
Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases1
Labor Relations
Maintenance of Membership Clause. A United
States court of appeals granted enforcement2 of
a National Labor Relations Board order directing
an employer and a union to cease and desist dis
criminating against an employee discharged for
failure to pay dues and to reinstate her.
The employer and the union had signed a col
lective bargaining agreement containing a security
clause, known as a maintenance of membership
clause and valid under the Labor Management
Relations Act, which provided that an employee
who is a union member as of the effective date of
the contract, or who thereafter becomes a member,
must continue membership throughout the life of
the agreement as a condition of employment.
Shortly before this contract expired, the employee
sent a letter of resignation to the union and wrote
the employer canceling her union dues deduction.
The union did not request her discharge until more
than 6 months later. There was an interim of 9
days after the old contract expired before a new
contract was signed containing a similar main
tenance of membership clause. Upon her dis
charge under the new contract, the employee filed
charges of employment discrimination because of
nonunion membership against both the employer
and the union.
The discharge was justified under the second
agreement, the union argued, because the employee
was still a member of the union at the time of its
execution. The union based this argument on the
fact that, under its constitution, termination of
membership could be effected only in certain ways
and that expulsion for not paying dues could take
place only after a 90-day grace period. The union
cited section 8 (b) (1) (A) of the LMRA to the
effect that it was protected in its right to make its
own rules on acquisition or retention of member
ship.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The court conceded that it was the union’s pre
rogative to make such rules but pointed out that
the courts were not prohibited from interpreting
the rules after they were made. As the union con
stitution and bylaws were silent on whether a
member could voluntarily resign, the court held
that the common law doctrine on withdrawal from
voluntary associations was applicable. Except for
the 90-day grace period provided in its constitu
tion, the union could have requested the em
ployee’s discharge under the old contract. The
fact that this constitutional provision prevented
the union from protecting its maintenance of mem
bership contract, the court pointed out, could not
turn such a provision into a denial of voluntary
resignation. As the 9-day interim between the 2
contracts prevented continuity of membership
from 1 contract period to the other and as the em
ployee’s resignation was effective immediately,
the union and the employer had no right under the
maintenance of membership clause in the second
contract to effect her discharge.
Nonetheless, the union argued that the discharge
was justified as a remedy for the employee’s breach
of the first contract and that the remedy was not
extinguished by the expiration of the agreement.
The court pointed out that the obligation and
liability to discharge could last only as long as the
agreement providing for such union security was
in effect. To hold otherwise, the court maintained,
would be to interpret the agreement as providing
more security for the union than was bargained.
Company Rules against Union Activity. An em
ployer’s right to restrict union activity on com
pany premises in order to keep peace after a violent
strike was upheld 3 by a United States court of
appeals. During difficulties in negotiations for a
new contract, about 15,000 employees of the com
pany went out on a strike which was marked by
violence and intimidation. The employer claimed
the strike was illegal as a breach of an existing
contract and withdrew recognition of the union.
1Prepared in the U . S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor.
The cases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant deci
sions believed to be of special interest. No attem pt has been made to reflect
all recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of labor law
or to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which con
trary results may be reached, based upon local statutory provisions, the
existence of local precedents, or a different approach by the courts to the issue
presented.
Communication Workers v. N L R B (C. A. 2, Sept. 22, 1954).
Boeing Airplane Co. v. N L R B (C. A. 9, Sept. 23,1954).
2
3
1355
1356
A group of employees attempted to organize a
rival union during the strike and continued these
efforts after the members of the struck union un
conditionally returned to work. After certifica
tion by the NLRB, the striking union filed charges
against the employer for having violated the
LMRA by encouraging membership in the rival
union. Violation was also charged for interfering
with union activity in banning the discussion of
union affairs on company property during nonworking hours and in suspending two employees
for wearing union insignia.
The employer had favored the rival union for a
short time after the strike, the Board found, but
the rival union was not dominated by the em
ployer. The Board upheld the charges that the
company rules banning the discussion of union
affairs and the wearing of union insignia were an
unlawful interference with union activity.
Although the court partially overruled the
Board, it agreed with the trial examiner that the
rules were only temporary expedients to keep peace
in an inflammable atmosphere of rival union activ
ity and thus were justified. The Board had mis
interpreted the ruling in the Republic Aviation
case,4it was pointed out, holding that the right to
wear union insignia and discuss union affairs on
company premises in nonworking hours is legiti
mate union activity not to be interfered with. The
right was conditioned in that case, the court ex
plained, by the absence of unusual circumstances.
In this case, the company’s exemplary record
during the strike plus the transitory nature of the
restrictions and the fact that the violations charged
took place during the first week after a violent
strike had ended, the court held, were circum
stances justifying the employer’s actions.
Sale of Business— Unfair Labor Practices. Under
certain conditions a purchaser of a business may
be held liable for unfair labor practices committed
prior to the sale, a United States court of appeals
ruled 5 in partially enforcing an NLRB order.
An employer, however, who has permanently
closed or disposed of his business may not be held
liable for unfair labor practices beyond the date
of the permanent closing or sale of the business,
the court maintained.
Charges of unfair labor practices, based on
alleged hostility to union membership of its
employees, had been filed against the seller who
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
was a manufacturer and distributor of women’s
garments. Upon the closing and transfer of the
business to the purchaser, who had worked as the
seller’s general manager, the charges were amended
to include the purchaser and seller jointly as
employers with respect to the alleged wrongs.
The contract of sale provided (1) credit security
to the seller; (2) a restriction by the seller on the
amount of compensation and drawing account of
the purchaser; and (3) a limit on the amount of
business he could do with other dress distributors.
It was nevertheless considered by the Board to be
a valid sales agreement. However, the Board
found that the seller retained sufficient control
over the operations of the purchaser and that the
latter had such knowledge of the unfair labor
practices at the time of purchase as to constitute
a basis for regarding both seller and purchaser as
coemployers liable for remedying all unfair labor
practices at the plant.
The court found that the seller had perma
nently shut down and transferred his business
because an audit of his books showed substantial
losses. Such control as he maintained over the
purchaser’s business did not include management
of labor relations, the court pointed out, either
contractually or in fact. The LMRA contains
no basis upon winch to hold a person liable for
unfair labor practices occurring after he has
permanently closed or sold his business. The
Board’s order should be modified, the court held,
to subject the seller to liability for employee back
pay only up to the time of the sale of the business.
Although the LMRA does not purport to make
the consequences of unremedied unfair labor
practices a lien upon a business, the court held
that a successor can be made to bear the conse
quences of his predecessor’s labor relations wrongs
if his successorship is such as to imply assumption
of remedial burdens. The successor as a plant
manager, stood in the relationship of employer
to the employees before his purchase of the busi
ness and personally participated in some of the
unfair labor practices; therefore, he was more
than a “naked” purchaser. His knowledge of the
existence of unfair labor practices in his prede
cessor’s operations, under the circumstances of
this case, would cause his duty as an employer to
4Republic Aviation Corporation v. N L R B (324 U. S. 793).
* N L R B v. New Madrid Mfg. Co. (C. A. 8, Sept. 21,1954).
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
relate back to such operations for the purpose of
remedying the unfair labor practices. Therefore,
the court granted enforcement to that part of the
Board’s order holding the purchaser liable to
remedy the wrongs occurring both before and after
the sale.
Pressures on Primary Employer by Disinterested
Unions. The NLRB found6 that two unions
which did not have a labor dispute with an em
ployer had not violated section 8 (b) (4) (A) of the
LMRA prohibiting secondary boycotts when they
induced their members working for the employer
to honor a strike called by a third union.
The employer had a contract to relocate a
boiler on the premises of another company. When
he failed to hire members of the Pipefitters union
for the job, a picket line was established by that
union on the premises at a remote approach used
not only by employees of the primary employer
but also by those of other contractors engaged in
construction work on the property. The pickets
carried signs identifying the primary employer
as the subject of the dispute. Members of two
disinterested unions refused to cross the picket
line.
The evidence, the Board found, did not show
that the disinterested unions were responsible for
their members striking on jobs of secondary em
ployers on the premises. Even though the evi
dence established that the disinterested unions
had induced their members to stop work on the
primary employer’s job, such action, the Board
pointed out, did not constitute a violation of the
secondary boycott prohibition. The legislative
history of the LMRA showed, the Board stated,
that Congress “was not concerned to protect pri
mary employers against pressure by disinterested
unions, but rather to protect disinterested em
ployers against direct pressures by any union.”
In this connection, the Board found that the
Pipefitters violated the secondary boycott prohi
bition by maintaining a picket line at an entrance
to the property, remote from the actual site of
the primary employer’s job with the intention of
disrupting the secondary employer’s operations.
As a defense, the Pipefitters sought a tentative
oral agreement with the NLRB field examiner,
offering to stop the picketing if the charges would
• Plumbers & Pipefitters, A F L (110 N L R B 25, Oct. 5, 1954).
1 Boeing Airplane Co. (110 N L R B 22, Sept. 30, 1954).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1337
not be pressed. Such an agreement was at most
an effort by the field examiner to settle the case.
Since the agreement was never formally consum
mated in writing and approved by the Regional
Director, the Board held that it was not a defense
to the unfair labor practice in which the Pipe
fitters had been engaged.
Protected Concerted Activity—Employment Confer
ence. The NLRB found 7 an employer guilty of
discriminatorily discharging an employee who had
helped to organize a manpower conference to aid
engineers working for the employer in finding jobs
with other firms. When, in negotiating for a new
contract, an impasse developed between the em
ployer and the union representing the engineers,
the union invited 2,800 employers of engineers to
attend a manpower availability conference. The
purpose of this conference was (1) to secure other
employment for those union members who desired
to change jobs; (2) to counteract the effect of an
agreement among members of an association, to
which the employer belonged, not to hire each
other’s engineers without clearance; and (3) to
strengthen the union’s position in negotiations
with the employer. The letter of invitation to
the conference was signed by one of the employees.
In discharging that employee, the employer main
tained that he was not required to continue pay
ing a salary to an employee engaged in inducing
other employees to sever their employment with
him.
The Board disagreed with the trial examiner’s
finding that, since the worth of the objectives
sought by the union were outweighed by the
potentialities of damage to the employer, the em
ployee’s action constituted disloyal activity which
did not come within the protection provided con
certed activities under the LMRA.
Concerted activities for mutual aid or protec
tion, the Board pointed out, are presumptively
lawful and protected. They do not lose thenprotection merely because they are novel or may
result in financial loss to the employer, but only
because they contravene the policies of the LMRA
or some other basic policy. Violence, threats of
violence, seizure of property, slowdowns, harass
ing tactics, and product boycotts are examples of
such unprotected activity. The manpower con
ference was not a direct attack upon the employer
and his business unrelated to terms or conditions
1358
of employment or to any matter in issue between
the union and the employer. The engineers were
not attacking the employer’s product or business
policies in a way calculated to harm his reputa
tion and reduce his income while they were still
continuing to work for him. They were engaging
in a concerted activity for legitimate ends directly
related to matters of collective bargaining in issue
between the employer and the union. The em
ployer’s intrusion on the rights of employees to
engage in such concerted activity guaranteed under
the LMRA, the Board held, was unwarranted.
Collective Bargaining—Employee Stock Purchase
Plan. An employer who refused to bargain with
a union concerning an employee stock purchase
plan to which he contributed violated the compul
sory bargaining provisions of the LMRA, the
Board ruled.8 Under the plan, all regular em
ployees within certain age limits were eligible to
participate after 1 year’s employment. Members
could contribute a monthly sum of not less than $5
nor more than 5 percent of their monthly earnings.
The employer made monthly contributions equal
to 50 percent of the sums paid by the employees
plus an annual contribution based on the ratio
of profits to invested capital. Only upon termina
tion of service or withdrawal from the plan was
any cash or stock to be distributed. Members
withdrawing after less than 5 years’ participation
would be credited with only the equivalent of
amounts they had contributed; those withdrawing
any time after 5 years’ participation would be
credited with their contributions plus escalating
percentages of the employer’s contributions.
The employer argued that he was not required
to bargain regarding the plan because (1) his
contributions were not encompassed by the term
“wages” or “other conditions of employment”
within the meaning of the LMRA since they
represented merely an incentive to invest in com
pany stock if the employees wished to do so and
not compensation for work performed; (2) such
compulsory bargaining would contravene the basic
policies of the LMRA by requiring an employer
to bargain about ownership and control of the
company represented by the shares of stock and
by allowing the union to represent the employees
both as employees and as stockholders at the
bargaining table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
Under the Inland Steel case,9 the Board pointed
out, an employer was required to bargain about
both the pension program and retirement rules
on the ground that “wages” comprehends all
emoluments of value which may accrue to em
ployees because of their employment relationship.
The employer’s contributions to the stock plan
were emoluments of value based on employment,
with benefits related to length of service. These
factors plus the fact that the purpose of the plan
was the accumulation of stock for future needs,
rather than stock ownership as such, compelled
the conclusion, in the Board’s opinion, that the
benefits received represented a part of the em
ployees’ compensation for labor.
The Board also held that the plan was encom
passed by the term “other conditions of employ
ment” under the compulsory bargaining provisions
of the LMRA, since the employees who join the
plan work under a company pledge of future pay
ments in the form of stock as well as ordinary
weekly wages. The optional nature of the plan
did not affect such a conclusion any more than
that of the retirement plan considered in the
Inland Steel case, the Board pointed out.
The fact that bargaining over a stock purchase
plan might interfere with management affairs
could not affect the requirement of bargaining
over a plan which provides wage benefits, the
Board held. Similar intrusion in management and
control of a business has been held not to lessen the
statutory requirement to bargain with respect to
retirement, pension, group health, and insurance
programs as well as merit wage increases. The
representative of employees is entitled to represent
those employees, including the stockholders among
them, as employees, the Board pointed out, and
management is required to bargain with such
representative only with respect to the statutory
subjects of collective bargaining and not with
respect to subjects affecting them as stockholders.
A dissent viewed the plan as an incentive to
invest, a means of encouraging employees to be
come coentrepreneurs subject to all the risks faced
by other stockholders, and not constituting
wages subject to collective bargaining. Placing
the union in the inconsistent dual role of repre
senting employees as workmen interested in higher
8Richfield. Oil Corp. (110 N L R B 54, Oct. 18,1954).
»Inland Steel Co. (170 F 2d 247 (C. A. 7), cert. den. 336 U . S. 960).
1359
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
wages and as stockholders interested in higher
dividends, the dissent maintained would result in
a neglect of one or the other responsibility and
would unduly interfere in internal management
affairs contrary to the policies of the act.
voted to disaffiliate and no organization remained
which claimed to be the original union. A ruling
must be limited to its particular facts, the Board
stated, and not serve as a vehicle to undermine
the contract bar rule.
Refusal to Bargain— Union Loss of Membership.
An employer did not violate the compulsory bar
gaining provisions of the LMRA, the Board ruled,10
by refusing to bargain with an outside union which
the majority of his employees had voted to join
while a contract between the employer and another
union was still in effect. Shortly before the time
set in the contract for a wage reopening, the em
ployees voted 268 to 76 to affiliate with the out
side union. Most but not all of the contracting
union’s officers were parties to the disaffiliation
move. The employer’s representative then met
with trusted employees on company time for the
purpose of reviving the contracting union. New
officers were elected and installed at these meet
ings. Thereupon, the employer bargained with
these new officials as representatives of the con
tracting union and refused to deal with the out
side union.
The Board found that the employer had unlaw
fully interfered with, assisted, and contributed
support to the first union. However, his conduct
did not constitute domination of the union. In
determining that the employer was not required
to bargain with the second union, the Board
pointed out that the first union was the certified
representative of the employees, a collective bar
gaining contract was still in effect, and the union
though “battered was not defunct.” If the out
side union had petitioned for a change in certifi
cation or a representation election, the Board
pointed out, it would have been refused under
normal contract bar rules. The Board differen
tiated this case from the Harris-Woodson case 11
in which an employer was ordered to bargain with
a union only to have a second union’s motion to
substitute its name in the bargaining order ap
proved. In that case, 18 out of 23 employees
10Sears Roebuck & Co. (110 N L R B 30, Oct. 5, 1954).
Unemployment Compensation
11 77 N L R B 819; amended, 85 N L R B 1215; enf’d. 179 F 2d 720.
12 Donegan Coal & Coke Co., et al. v. Board of Review, et al. (13th Jud. Cir.,
Charleston, W. Va., Sept. 9,1954).
is Herbert Long v. Industrial Commission, et al. (Cir. C t. for Dane Co.,
W is., Sept. 8, 1954).
n In re Foscarinis (Sup. C t., Appel. D iv., 3d Jud. D ept., N . Y ., July 8,
1954).
I* Clarine C. Lemons v. Clara Shop (Harrison Cir. C t., K y., July 13,1954).
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Strikers' Refusal To Return as New Employees.
Miners on a sympathy strike who offered to re
turn to work but refused to do so when the
employer insisted that they return as new em
ployees were held to be eligible for benefits for
the period of unemployment subsequent to the
offer to return. The court held 12 that, although
termination of the miners’ employment by the
employer may have been warranted, their em
ployment was not definitely terminated. The
employer’s insistence upon the miners’ returning
as new employees, the court held, would require
them to accept conditions of employment less
favorable than those prevailing for similar work
in the locality.
Refusal to Follow Employer's Order. An employee
who refused to follow his employer’s order as to
placing safety lights, which was in direct contra
vention of a police officer’s instructions, was held 13
to be eligible for unemployment benefits. If the
claimant was discharged, it was not for miscon
duct, the court pointed out; if he left voluntarily,
it was for good cause attributable to the employer.
Disqualification of Nonclaimant. An unemployed
person claiming benefits had on a former occasion
refused an offer of suitable work without good
cause. On that occasion, he had not been an ap
plicant for benefits. But, on account of that
refusal, he was later disqualified for benefits.
However, the court held that he could not be
disqualified because of refusing a job during a
period in which he was not an applicant for
benefits.14
Quitting in Anticipation of Discharge. An industial commission order had disqualified a claimant
who quit work prior to impending discharge. Dis
qualification rested on the ground that she could
have worked approximately 10 days longer and
that, therefore, her leaving was a voluntary quit.
This order was reversed by the court.15
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
On October 8, at the request of the Meat Cutters and
over Packinghouse Workers’ objections, the National
Labor Relations Board held a representation election
among the workers, but announced that the ballots would
not be counted for 10 days. The results, announced on
October 20, gave the AFL union 349 votes to 63 for the CIO.
On October 27, the period for filing objections (or with
drawing the petition) having expired, the NLRB certified
the Meat Cutters as the bargaining representative.
October 5
October 1, 1954
A rm our & Co., the Amalgamated Meat Cutters (AFL),
and the United Packinghouse Workers (CIO) announced
the signing of a new 2-year contract, which granted a
5-cent-an-hour wage increase for more than 35,000
workers in 22 plants, and other terms substantially similar
to those recently reached with Swift & Co. (see Chron.
item for Sept. 27, 1954, MLR, Nov. 1954).
On October 8, the Packinghouse Workers negotiated a
similar contract with Wilson & Co., affecting about 10,000
workers, and on October 18, with Cudahy Packing Co.,
covering approximately 4,500 workers.
In addition,
Cudahy agreed to pay about $2 million in severance pay to
2,500 workers made jobless by the recent closing of plants
in 3 cities.
T h e United Railroad Workers, a CIO organizing com
mittee with a membership of over 40,000 “nonoperating”
railroad workers, was chartered as a division of the Trans
port Workers Union (CIO), thereby laising the latter’s
membership above 150,000.
October 4
T h e P r e s id e n t reconvened the board of inquiry, under
Taft-Hartley emergency procedure, in the wage dispute
between the United Gas, Coke and Chemical Workers
(CIO) and the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. at
atomic facilities in Oak Ridge, Tenn., and Paducah, Ky.
On October 11, the board reported that the positions of the
parties remained unchanged. In a procedural secret vote,
on October 21 and 22, the union rejected the employer’s
last offer, thus freeing itself to strike on expiration of the
80-day injunction (see Chron. item for Aug. 11, 1954,
MLR, Oct. 1954), on October 30. On that day, the
UGCCW president withdrew authorization for a stiike
until he was “convinced that efforts now being put forth
have failed.”
I n th e f ir st arbitration case arising under the AFL-CIO
no-raiding agreement (see Chron. item for Nov. 17, 1953,
MLR, Jan. 1954), the impartial arbitrator ruled that the
AFL Meat Cutters had violated the pact by granting a
charter to about 450 workers at Swift & Co.’s plant at
Moultrie, Ga., who seceded from the CIO Packinghouse
Workers, although the latter union at that time held the
contract with the company.
1360
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T h e NLRB ruled that two unions having no labor dispute
with a primary employer did not engage in a secondary
boycott by allegedly inducing his employees to leave work
in connection with a dispute between the employer and a
third union. The Board held that the intent of Congress
was not “to protect primary employers against pressures by
disinterested unions, but rather to protect disinterested
employers against direct pressures by any union.” The
case involved the Plumbers and Pipefitters’ Union, Local
106 (AFL) et al. and Columbia-Southern Chemical Corp.,
Lake Charles, La. (See p. 1357 of this issue.)
T h e United Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers (Ind.) and the
American Brass Co., a subsidiary of Anaconda Copper Co.,
signed a new contract giving 3,500 workers in 3 plants a
package increase, estimated by the union at 10 cents an
hour, including 4 cents in wages and improvements in
pensions and sickness and hospital insurance. On October
15, the union announced that members had ratified a new
contract with Anaconda, covering operations in Montana,
providing a 2-cent-an-hour general wage increase, a new
pension plan, and a revised hospital and medical plan, for
a total of 8}£ to 9% cents. The union had begun a strike
against both companies on August 23.
T he Federal Wage and Hour Administrator approved a
new minimum wage rate (under the Fair Labor Standards
Act) of 55 cents (formerly 33 cents) for employees in the
corsets, brassieres, and allied garments industry in Puerto
Rico, effective November 8, 1954.
On October 28, the Administrator approved a new min
imum rate of 53 cents an hour (formerly 40 cents) for
employees in the leather and fabric button and buckle
division of the button, buckle, and jewelry industry in
Puerto Rico, effective December 6, 1954.
October 6
T h e International Longshoremen’s Association (Ind.)
ended a 2-day strike of 25,000 longshoremen in the Port of
New York, after the New York Shipping Association
acceded to the union’s demand for settlement of the ques
tion of retroactive pay and welfare increases before negotiat
ing a current contract (see Chron. item for Aug. 27, 1954,
MLR, Oct. 1954). An 8-cent-an-hour wage increase,
retroactive to October 1, 1953, was given, and the employers
agreed to consider upward adjustments of welfare pay
ments in return for the pledge given by the union not to
strike again for 45 days.
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CHRONOLOGY OF RECENT LABOR EVENTS
October 9
T h e American Telephone & Telegraph Co. announced the
signing of a new 1-year agreement with the Communica
tions Workers of America (CIO) for about 23,000 nonsupervisory “long-lines” employees in 42 States, providing
wage increases ranging from $1.50 to $2.50 a week for
traffic employees and up to $5.50 for craftsmen.
October 11
T h e NLRB ruled that a union acted discriminatorily in
causing an employer to discharge a union member for
accepting wages below the union scale and ordered the
union to cease such conduct in enforcing compliance with
its working rules by employees of any employer within its
jurisdiction. The case was International Brotherhood of
Teamsters . . . Local 179 {AFL) et al., Romeo. 111., and
Raymond Swanson
October 12
T he Railway Express Agency, Inc., and the Brotherhood
of Railway Clerks (AFL) announced a new contract, pro
viding for a 5-cent-an-hour wage increase, retroactive to
December 16, 1953; elimination of the cost-of-living esca
lator clause, 13 cents an hour accumulated thereunder
being incorporated into the wage base; and a third vacation
week after 15 years’ service. (See also Chron. item for
Aug. 13, 1954, MLR, Oct. 1954.) The settlement affected
about 30,000 employees.
UMW field representative (see Chron. item for Mar. 15,
1954, MLR, May 1954).
4. Nesen v. NLRB. The lower court held in contempt
of its decree enforcing an NLRB bargaining order an em
ployer who failed to recognize the agreement reached by
his bargaining representative, after leading the union to
believe that the latter had full authority to make an agree
ment. It had ordered the employer to “purge himself” of
contempt by signing the agreement.
5. Kearney-Trecker Employees, Local 1088, United
Automobile Workers {CIO) v. NLRB. The lower court
held that the NLRB’s order directing the employer to bar
gain was improper because the union should never have
been certified, since it was engaged in coercive and unfair
preelection conduct, including seizure and misuse of a
rival union’s assets.
6. Famous Realty Co., Inc., v. Mitchell. The lower court
ruled that watchmen hired by a realty company to look
out for and report fires in buildings and shipping facilities
are covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act, as their
activities serve to keep the buildings in suitable condition
for use of the tenants, who were engaged in the production
of goods for interstate commerce.
October 15
A jo in t AFL and CIO unity committee unanimously
agreed to create a united labor movement through merging
the two organizations. The committee decided that the
integrity of each affiliated union would be preserved in the
overall merger and authorized appointment of a subcom
mittee to draft details of the plan.
October 14
T h e Supreme Court of the United States denied review in
the following cases, leaving in effect the lower courts’
decisions:
1. United Packinghouse Workers, Local 8 {CIO) v. Wilson
& Co., Inc., and NLRB. The lower court held that a
contracting union may not lawfully strike in support of
contract changes until the agreement expires, even though
the 60-day cooling-off period required by the Taft-Hartley
Act has elapsed and the contract reopening provisions
include the right to strike (see Chron. item for Feb. 16,
1954, MLR, Apr. 1954). The NLRB General Counsel
discouraged review of the case by the High Court on the
ground that the issue was not presented clearly (see Chron.
item for Aug. 5, 1954, MLR, Oct. 1954).
2. Retail Clerks International Association, Retail Clerks
Union, Local 648 {AFL) v. NLRB. The lower court held
that the union’s strike in support of a demand that super
visors be prohibited from doing clerks’ work constituted
contempt of the court’s prior order barring the union from
bargaining for supervisory employees (see Chron. item for
Apr. 2, 1954, MLR, June 1954).
3. United Mine Workers of America [Ind.] and U M W
District 28 v. Patton et al., d. b. a. Laurel Branch Coal Co.
The lower court ruled that the UMW and its District 28
were both liable for actual, but not punitive, damages
under the Taft-Hartley Act for an illegal strike called by a
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T he New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N. J., which
on October 2 announced that it had abandoned plans to bid
on naval construction because of “labor interference,”
signed a new wage agreement (reopening) with the Boiler
makers and Iron Ship Builders (AFL), granting a 5-centan-hour wage increase to about 6,500 workers (except for a
few highly paid welders who got a 3-cent increase). The
settlement also gives the corporation the right to promote
and demote supervisors who are union members and
eliminates standby pay.
October 16
T h e P r e s id e n t , by Executive order, created an emergency
board, under the Railway Labor Act, to investigate a wage
dispute between the Pullman Co. and 1,600 conductors,
members of the Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen (Ind.), thus forestalling a strike scheduled to begin
October 19.
October 18
T h e NLRB ruled (3 to 1), in a landmark decision in the
case of Richfield Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif., and Oil
Workers International Union {CIO), that the corporation
must bargain on an employee stock-purchase plan, when
based on the employment relationship and providing for
1362
employer contributions, if requested to do so by the union
representing the employees (see p. 1358 of this issue).
T h e Supreme Court of the United States denied review in
the following cases, leaving the decisions of the lower
courts undisturbed:
1. International Harvester Co. v. State of Minnesota.
The constitutionality of the Minnesota law giving em
ployees the right to be paid for voting-time was upheld,
and the court ruled that it took precedence over a contract
between employer and union which provided that such
time would not be compensated.
2. Hulahan v. United States. The lower court held that
a union business agent was guilty of extortion from con
tractors engaged in local construction work, under the
Federal Anti-Racketeering Act, since the contractors were
in interstate commerce, being dependent on outside ship
ments for materials, equipment, and supplies.
October 20
A 5 - d a y s t r i k e of 24,000 members of the Teamsters
(AFL) against 3,500 trucking firms in New York and New
Jersey virtually ended as employers yielded to the union’s
demand for a 25-cent-an-hour package pay increase (20
cents for wages and 5 cents for welfare, pension, and
vacation benefits). The employers had offered a 10-cent
wage increase or the submission of all issues to binding
arbitration. In the settlement, which established area
wide standardization of wage rates, the employers with
drew their $10 million damage suit against the union and
7 firms which had signed the same contract on the first
day of the strike.
October 26
T h e NLRB, in a group of 8 decisions, for the first time
applied certain of the new jurisdictional criteria which a
majority of the Board had recently adopted (see Chron.
items for June 30 and July 15, 1954, MLR, Aug. and
Sept. 1954). The standards released currently differ in at
least one major respect from the earlier criteria. The
minority denominated the revision “arbitrary” and chal
lenged its basis, substance, manner, and scope, particularly
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
the majority’s estimate that the new standards would
affect only 1 percent of employees now subject to the
Board’s jurisdiction. The cases involved the Breeding
Transfer Co., Hannibal, Mo.; Jonesboro Grain Drying
Cooperative, Jonesboro, Ark.; Greenwich Gas Co. and
Fuels, Inc., Greenwich, Conn.; Daily Press, Inc., Newport
News, Va.; McKinney Ave. Realty Co. (City National
Bank), Houston, Tex.; Maytag Aircraft Corp., Houston,
Tex.; J. R. Knott and Hugh H. Hogue, d. b. a. Hogue
and Knott Supermarkets, Memphis, Tenn.; and William
T. Wilson and Mable J. Wilson, d. b. a. Wilson-Oldsmobile,
Detroit, Mich.
October 28
T he Secretary of Labor, under the Walsh-Healey (Public
Contracts) Act, ordered an increase in the minimum wage
rate from 75 cents to $1.10 an hour in the metal businessfurniture and storage-equipment industry, effective De
cember 6, 1954.
October 29
T he NLRB (3 to 2) overruled its decision in the Cambridge
Taxi case and announced that it would refuse to assert
further jurisdiction over taxicab companies, since such
“companies, by their very nature, perform local operations
and are essentially local entities.” The case involved
H. H. Wiliams, d. b. a. Checker Cab Co. and Baton Rouge
Yellow Cab Co., Inc., Baton Rouge, La., and Association
of Employees of Yellow and Checker Cab Co.
T he NLRB ruled (3 to 2) that, in the interest of industrial
stability, an employer should be permitted to continue
recognition of an active, incumbent labor union and to
contract with it until displaced by a Board proceeding,
thereby modifying a 1945 doctrine (Midwest Piping)
which prohibited recognition of one or more rival unions
while a representation proceeding was pending before the
Board. The case was William D. Gibson Co., Division of
Associated Spring Corp., Chicago, and International Association of Machinists, Die and Tool Makers Lodge No. 113
{AFL) and United Steelworkers of America and Local
Union No. 34-85 {CIO).
Developments in
Industrial Relations
S e t t l e m e n t s were reached during October in
various segments of the transportation, meat
packing, communications, and metal industries.
Employers and unions each continued to give close
attention to competitive market problems and
their bearing on labor cost. Within’ the union
movement, AFL and CIO negotiations took an
other step toward eventual unity by agreement
upon a general plan of merger. Leftwing unions
and their leadership found their hold upon workers
increasingly tenuous.
Work Stoppages and Negotiations
Transportation. Truckdrivers in metropolitan
New York and in New Jersey were involved in a
work stoppage that ended with virtually all of the
struck trucking companies yielding to demands of
the Teamsters’ union (AFL). On October 16, the
first day of the 5-day strike, an estimated 24,000
truck drivers were idle, but this number decreased
daily as various employers reached independent
settlements with the union. The agreements pro
vided a 25-cent hourly package made up of a 20cent basic wage increase and a 5-cent increase in
welfare, pension, and vacation benefits. The
strike involved 3,500 trucking firms engaged in
general, local, and long-distance hauling covering
such services as: food for major chain stores, stocks
for the garment trades and retail stores; supplies
for defense factories; newsprint for publications;
and imports and exports for the Port of New York.
A 2-day strike of 25,000 dockworkers in the Port
of New York ended October 6, after the New York
Shipping Association agreed to give the longshore
men an 8-cent hourly wage increase retroactive to
October 1, 1953. In turn, the independent Inter
national Longshoremen’s Association pledged not
to strike again for 45 days, pending negotiations
on a new contract. The shipping association had
sought to tie together negotiations on the retro
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
active increase and a new contract. The strike
was the second portwide work stoppage among
New York longshoremen in 1954.2
Under a “preliminary” arbitration award issued
October 25, American Airlines will continue the
nonstop transcontinental flights which were the
basic cause of a pilot strike last August.3 The
arbitrator recommended that pilots get “adequate
protection and suitable time off in return for the
additional effort required of them.” He suggested
that the company and the union first try to agree
on contract language covering these flights, adding
that he would make final recommendations if they
failed to reach an understanding within a month.
The National Mediation Board on October 22
recommended that the President set up an emer
gency board to head off a strike of 20,000 mechan
ics and ground crewmen on 6 major air carriers
(Capital, Eastern, National, Northwest, Trans
World, and United), scheduled for November 19.
The International Association of Machinists (AFL)
is seeking a 5-percent wage increase and improve
ments in a number of fringe benefits for these
workers. It turned down a Mediation Board
proposal for arbitration.
The Railway Express Agency and the Railway
Clerks (AFL) on October 12 announced agree
ment on a new contract affecting approximately
30,000 employees. The settlement provided for
a 5-cent hourly general wage increase, retroactive
to December 16, 1953; elimination of a cost-ofliving escalator clause; incorporation into the
basic wage rate of a 13-cent-an-hour adjustment
accumulated under that provision; and a third
week of vacation for employees with 15 or more
years of service. The settlement was essentially
similar to those previously adopted by organiza
tions representing railroad operating employees.
Pacific Greyhound Lines signed a new 18-month
contract in mid-October that provided for a wage
increase averaging 5}& cents an hour for 3,000 bus
drivers and station employees in California and 6
other western states. The pay increase is effec
tive in two steps. Hourly employees received a
2%-cent increase on October 13, with an equal
amount to be paid on July 16, 1955; drivers paid
on a mileage basis received an immediate increase
1 Prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations.
2 See also M onthly Labor Review, November 1954 (pp. 1254-1255).
2 See M onthly Labor Review, October 1954 (p. 1140).
1363
1364
of 1.37 mills per mile with an equivalent amount
due next July; an average increase of about 3
percent altogether. Fringe-benefit improvements
included a reduction in the service requirement
for the third week of vacation from 15 to 12 years.
Forty Atlantic and Gulf Coast steamship lines
and the Masters, Mates and Pilots (AFL) an
nounced a new 1-year contract on October 16.
The agreement did not increase wage rates, but
did provide an additional week of vacation, some
changes in working rules, and a 15-cent increase
per man-day in employer payments to the welfare
fund, bringing such payments to 75 cents a day.
Atomic Energy. Approximately 4,500 production
workers at atomic energy installations in Oak
Ridge, Tenn., and Paducah, Ky., on October 22,
rejected a 6-cent-an-hour wage increase recom
mended by the Atomic Energy Labor-Manage
ment Relations Panel. Last July the workers
had rejected a similar offer, ending a 3-day strike
under a Taft-Hartley injunction effective through
October 30. In a report of October 11, the Board
of Inquiry appointed by the President last July
said the positions of the union (United Gas, Coke
and Chemical Workers—CIO) and the company
(Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co.) “remained
unchanged” from those reported on July 8.4
Nonferrous Mining. Strikes that began August
23, affecting Anaconda Copper Mining Co. and
its subsidiary, American Brass Co., ended in Octo
ber when the companies reached agreement with
the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers (Ind.) on
new contracts.5 The American Brass agreement,
which covers plants in Ansonia and Torrington,
Conn., and Buffalo, N. Y., provided a 4-cent
hourly wage increase; an improved pension with
a maximum of $52.50 a month after 30 years’
service, exclusive of social security benefits; and
improvements in sickness and hospitalization in
surance. The 54-day strike involving employees
of Anaconda Copper Mining Co. in Great Falls,
Anaconda, and Butte, Mont., ended October 15
after union members voted to accept an agreement
providing for a package increase of between 8}i
and 9K cents an hour. This agreement called for
a 2-cent hourly general wage increase, a new pen
sion plan, and a revised hospital and medical plan.
Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concen
trating Co. at Kellogg, Idaho, one of the Nation’s
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
largest lead-zinc producers, announced a contract
settlement with the Mine, Mill and Smelter
Workers on October 1. The agrement, which
affected 2,000 employees, called for a 5 percent
wage increase.
Metalworking. Ratification of a new contract by
members of the unaffiliated United Electrical
Workers on September 30 ended a bitter strike
which had affected the Detroit, Mich., plant of the
Square D Co. since mid-June. The agreement
provided for a 4-cent hourly wage increase, a
seventh paid holiday, and increased vacation
benefits. A no-strike clause which the company
had demanded was also included in the agreement.
The cases of 27 workers dropped by management
for alleged violence on the picket fine were to
be considered individually by management-union
grievance teams, with arbitration of these cases as
a last resort.
The Brooklyn, N. Y., plant of the American
Safety Razor Corp. was affected by a sit-in strike,
involving the independent United Electrical
Workers, beginning September 30. The dispute
centered on the union’s refusal to accept certain
company proposals relating to removal of the 50year-old Brooklyn plant to Staunton, Va. An oral
agreement was reached August 15 on severance
pay and pensions for those of the 1,400 employees
who did not want to move to the new plant.
This understanding was not put in writing, how
ever, when the union refused to agree not to
campaign against removal of the plant. The sitin phase of the stoppage ended on October 13 in
the face of a court order requiring the union to
show cause why it should not be enjoined from
continuing the sit-in. As the work stoppage
continued, company officials indicated that the
plant would be moved sooner than the May 1955
date originally proposed.
The National Labor Relations Board, on
October 27, issued a complaint charging the
Kohler Co. of Kohler, Wis., at which workers
have been on strike since April 5, with unfair labor
practices. It set December 13 as the date for a
hearing on the complaint, which was based on
allegations of the United Auto Workers (CIO)
that the company discharged strikers and refused
to bargain with the union. The complaint stated
4 See M onthly Labor Review, September 1954 (p. 1016).
4 See M onthly Labor Review, November 1954 (p. 1266).
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
that the company increased wages on April 5
without going through normal bargaining proc
esses with the union. The company had subse
quently broken off bargaining and held the union
responsible for violence on the picket lines.
The New York Shipbuilding Corp., early in
October, had canceled plans to bid on construction
of four navy destroyer-escorts, reportedly because
of labor problems. The company resumed its
quest for navy contracts, later in the month, after
reaching agreement with the AFL Brotherhood
of Boilermakers and Iron Shipbuilders. The new
agreement, effective October 18, provided for a
5-cent hourly wage increase to all of the approxi
mately 6,500 employees at its Camden, N. J.,
yards, except for a number of top-rated welders
who will get a 3-cent increase. Standby time pay
ments were eliminated and management was also
given the right to promote or demote supervisory
personnel who are union members.
Pajper. Two AFL unions ended 2 years of picket
ing at the Elizabeth, La., plant of Southern
Industries, Inc., and the Calcasieu Paper Co. on
October 1, after employees voted 673 to 18 against
being represented by the two unions (the Pulp,
Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers and the Paper
Makers). Several hundred of the companies’
employees began a strike in September 1952 in a
union-recognition dispute. These employees were
replaced several months later with nonunion em
ployees, but picket lines were maintained by the
unions and the dispute was accompanied by vio
lence, including dynamiting. The employers, who
had signed no contracts with the internationals
following their certification as bargaining agents
in May 1952, had requested the election. The
internationals objected, claiming that the locals
(established, according to the internationals, to
represent the employees subsequent to the certifi
cation) were out of compliance.
Meatpacking.
meatpacking
Cudahy—were
Workers and
October. The
approximately
5-cent general
Agreements with three major
firms—Armour,
Wilson, and
reached by the CIO Packinghouse
the AFL Meat Cutters during
new 2-year agreements covering
50,000 workers provided for a
wage increase and other benefits
* See M onthly Labor Review, November 1954 (p. 1255).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1365
valued by the unions at 2 to 3 cents an hour. The
terms were essentially similar to those agreed upon
by the unions and Swift & Co. late in September.8
In addition, Cudahy Packing Co., in its contract
with the CIO Packinghouse Workers, arranged
for payment of about $2 million in severance pay,
provided for in previous agreements, to approxi
mately 2,500 workers made jobless by the com
pany’s recent closing of plants in Sioux City, Iowa,
Newport, Minn., and Albany, Ga.
Communications. The CIO Communications
Workers and the Long Lines Department of the
American Telephone and Telegraph Co. reached
agreement after 9 weeks of negotiations. The
contract, covering about 23,000 workers in 42
States, provided for weekly wage increases of $1.50
to $2.50 for traffic employees, effective October 9.
The New England Telephone and Telegraph Co.
announced on October 18 that negotiations had
been completed with 3 independent unions repre
senting approximately 32,000 employees (plant,
traffic, and commercial) in Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire.
Wage increases, retroactive to October 10, ranged
from $1 to $2.50 a week. The new contracts also
called for upgrading wage schedules in several
communities.
Motion Pictures. A joint labor-management com
mittee representing more than 40 unions and 200
employers in the motion picture and allied indus
tries announced on October 3 that agreement had
been reached on a pension program open to 18,000
Hollywood film workers. Participation is on an
elective basis and employees may choose between
existing company plans and the new industrywide
plan. Beginning on October 24, employers and
workers each will contribute 2 cents for every
“straight-time” hour of work; the employers will
make a “supplemental” retroactive contribution
estimated at about $600,000. The announcement
stated that employers may bring into the pension
program “designated workers” whose employment
is not covered by the terms of collective bargaining
contracts. Pension benefits are to start in 1960.
Employees of Reo Motors, Inc., at Lansing,
Mich., agreed to waive their right to reopen their
contract for a 9-month period in order to permit
the company to complete its reorganization. It
was announced that the 5-cent-an-hour annual
1366
improvement factor increase scheduled to go into
effect on October 1 would not be given the workers.
The contract between the company and the
United Auto Workers (CIO) provides for pay
ment of this annual improvement factor at the
sole discretion of the employer. The waiver was
approved, said a union spokesman, “ to give the
new management [Henney Motor Co., Freeport,
111.] a chance to put Reo back on its feet.” An
other proposal by an automobile parts manufac
turer (Borg-Warner Corp.) that employees of its
Detroit Gear Division take a 15-percent pay re
duction and waive an annual 5-cent improvement
factor increase was rejected by the UAW-CIO.
Anthracite mining operations suspended early
last May 7 were resumed in the Panther Valley
on October 4. Approximately 1,000 new em
ployees of the Panther Valley Coal Co., which
leased the facilities from the Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Co., began work under a supplement
to the independent United Mine Workers’ general
agreement, designed to increase the workers’ daily
production and supported by district and national
UMW officials. Meantime, Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Co., parent company of the previous
operator announced, after conferences with UMW
officials, that it would make a 25-percent payment
of overdue vacation pay on October 8 and the
balance in periodic payments during the next 6
months as other leased properties got into
production.
Health and Welfare Funds. The CIO executive
board, early in October, pledged its cooperation to
all “legitimate” Government investigations of al
leged welfare fund frauds.8 It created a special
standing committee (1) to investigate any charges
of maladministration of welfare and other union
funds within the CIO, (2) to formulate standards
for welfare funds, and (3) if necessary, to recom
mend standards for legislation designed to pro
mote honest administration of welfare funds.
The Committee is headed by Jacob Potofsky,
president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers,
whose union has been a leader in developing and
handling one of the Nation’s most comprehensive
welfare programs. The committee scheduled
7 See M onthly Labor Review, October 1954 (p. 1138).
8 See also M onthly Labor Review, November 1954 (p. 1254).
8 See M onthly Labor Review, November 1954 (p. 1253).
10 See M onthly Labor Review, November 1954 (p. 1252).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
public hearings for mid-November, to find ways
of supervising the welfare funds of CIO affiliates.
AFL-CIO No-Raiding Pact. In the first case to go
to final arbitration under the AFL-CIO no-raiding
pact9 the impartial umpire, David L. Cole, ruled
in favor of the CIO Packinghouse Workers. He
found that the AFL Meat Cutters had violated
the agreement in seeking an NLRB election to
gain the bargaining rights for around 450 Swift
and Co. employees at Moultrie, Ga., who had
been represented by the CIO union for approxi
mately 10 years. In reviewing the AFL claim
that the workers had moved to leave the CIO
before the no-raid pact became effective, he stated
that their action took place a month after the
pact went into effect. Following the umpire’s
ruling, Packinghouse Workers’ president, Ralph
Helstein, urged postponement of the election, to
give the AFL union a chance to withdraw its
petition for a place on the ballot. The NLRB
decided to go ahead with the vote on October 8,
but ordered all ballots impounded for 10 days.
The AFL Meat Cutters did not request that the
election be canceled and the Board, on October
20, announced that the workers had voted 349 to
63 to join the AFL Meat Cutters and subsequently
certified this union as the new bargaining repre
sentative.
Labor Unity. AFL and CIO negotiators met on
October 15 to decide on a basis for unity between
the two organizations.10 It was the first meeting
since final ratification of the AFL-CIO no-raiding
pact. A joint announcement issued by the
leaders of the two groups stated:
It is the unanimous decision of this joint committee of
the AFL and CIO to create a single trade union center in
America through the process of merger, which will pre
serve the integrity of each affiliated national and inter
national union.
Further, the presidents of the AFL and CIO are author
ized to appoint a joint subcommittee to draft a detailed
plan to achieve this objective and to then report its
recommendations to this committee at its next meeting.
Spokesmen indicated that the effort of the sub
committee would be not to find a final answer to
all the existing problems between the two organi
zations, but to find a mechanism for settling those
problems and disputes at the proper time. The
joint committee agreed that the overall merger
1367
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
plan should be carried out first and that jurisdic
tional and other problems between individual
unions should be treated later. It was also
pointed out that the committee was primarilyinterested in securing the merger of the AFL and
CIO—and that efforts to bring in unaffiliated
unions would come later.
Communism. A series of actions occurred during
the month involving a number of alleged Com
munist-dominated unions. The Fur and Leather
Workers (Ind.) announced the resignation of Ben
Gold as its president on October 2. The an
nouncement indicated, at the same time, that
Gold, who was then appealing a conviction on
charges of having filed a false non-Communist
affidavit under the Taft-Hartley Act, would
devote all his time to fighting the Communist
Control Act passed by the 83d Congress. The
law would deny legal privileges to unions that are
found by the Subversive Activities Control Board
to be Communist-infiltrated. Meantime, the
United Electrical Workers (Ind.) sought a perma
nent injunction to prevent the Attorney General
and the Subversive Activities Control Board from
taking any actions under that law, alleging that
it is unconstitutional.
Julius Emspak, secretary-treasurer of the United
Electrical Workers, appealed a finding of contempt
of Congress for refusing to testify on Communist
Party membership. Maurice Travis, secretarytreasurer of the independent Mine, Mill, and
Smelter Workers, was found by an NLRB trial ex
aminer in mid-September to have filed false nonCommunist oaths since 1949, and was arrested on
an indictment handed down by a Federal grand
jury in Denver on October 28. The indictment
included charges that he lied when he said he was
not a Communist Party member.
NLRB. The NLRB ruled on October 18 in a
case involving the Richfield Oil Corp. of Los
Angeles and the CIO Oil Workers that a corpora
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
tion which has established for its employees a
stock-purchase plan, to which it contributes, is
obligated to bargain concerning the plan on the
union’s request.11 In its first decision on this
point, the board held 3-1 that such a plan, when
based on the employment relation and providing
for company contributions, comes within the
meaning of both “wages” and “other conditions
of employment” as used in the Taft-Hartley Act.
The majority rejected contentions of the company
and the United States Chamber of Commerce,
which filed a brief in the case, that bargaining on
such a plan would constitute undue interference
in management affairs, through union control of
employees’ voting rights as stockholders. A
Richfield Oil Corp. spokesman, commenting on
the decision, said: “The principles involved are so
important that Richfield will appeal the decision
to the Federal courts.”
The United States Supreme Court refused to
review the Wilson Co.-CIO Packinghouse Workers
case,12 thus raising a question as to the future of
long-term labor agreements. The decision by
the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Louis
reversed an NLRB ruling, by holding that a
strike conducted by the union in 1948 was illegal
since it occurred 5 months prior to the contract’s
expiration date. The union had served the 60day notice required by section 8 (d) of the TaftHartley Act, notifying the company of its desire
to reopen the contract. A subsequent case
(Lion Oil Co. and the CIO Oil Workers) 13 is
now in the courts, in which the NLRB has taken
the position that a strike is permissible following
a contract reopening, if the contract provides for
such a reopening and if the union has complied
with the appropriate notice provisions of section
8 (d). This case is also scheduled for hearing
before the Eighth Circuit Court.
11 See also p. 1358 of this issue.
12 Local No. S, United Packinghouse Workers of America v. Wilson & Co.
Inc.
12 N L R B case N o. 15 CA-488. See M onthly Labor Review, October 1954
(p. 1133).
Book Reviews
and Notes
Special Reviews
Industrial Relations and the Government. By
Wayne L. McNaughton and Joseph Lazar.
New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
1954. 531 pp., bibliography. $6.
The authors, specialists in personnel manage
ment and business law, respectively, have pre
pared a text intended to provide students and
businessmen with a general knowledge of the law of
industrial relations. They have generally suc
ceeded in this purpose. The resulting study
treats at length the current state of industrial
relations areas on which governmental activities
impinge.
The extensive treatment, in Part 1, of the
English and American backgrounds in industrial
relations and the law further enhances the perspec
tive of the study. Part 2, dealing with legisla
tion affecting the employment relationship, pro
vides a synthesis of the background of judicial
and legislative history leading to the enactment
of the Labor Management Relations (TaftHartley) Act of 1947. The significance of the
Norris-LaGuardia (Anti-Injunction) Act in re
moving the restrictive effects of injunctions
and of the antitrust acts on the trade union
movement is dealt with fully. The provisions
and administration of the Labor Management
Relations Act are also analyzed at length. Read
ers will find useful a comparison of the provisions
of the various State labor relations acts. How
ever, there is no description of the administration
of these statutes in such major areas of industrial
relations as unfair labor practices, the union shop,
and secondary boycotts.
The activities of employers and of employees
come in for their share of attention in Parts 3 and
4, respectively. The description of the institu
tional functions of employer organizations and
trade unions provides added meaning to the
1368
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
description of law in this area. The authors'
reliance on available secondary sources for dis
cussion of employers’ organizations, however, is
dated and limited. This reflects the scant
research recently devoted to the role of employer
associations in the formulation of labor policy
and in collective bargaining.
The mechanisms for employer-employee co
operation are described in Part 5, in terms of
governmental arrangements. Collective bargain
ing and the legal imposition of the duty to bargain
collectively, as well as arrangements for mediation
and arbitration, are discussed here. The treat
ment is generally good, although a more specific
description of the role of the executive, at both
State and national levels, would be helpful.
In summary, the text is useful, but in a few
respects reflects the limitations of available
secondary sources.
•— J o se p h P. G o ld ber g
Bureau of Labor Statistics
The Technique of Handling People: Eleven Helps
for Your Human Relations. By Donald A.
Laird and Eleanor C. Laird. New York,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1954. 189 pp.,
charts. Rev. ed. $3.75.
How to be a Successful Leader. By Auren Uris.
New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
1953. 239 pp. $3.50.
Both of these books deal particularly with
methods for effective supervision, are designed for
use by the individual, and are written in a
chatty, popularized style. They provide an inter
esting contrast in point of view, however. As the
Lairds’ book was originally published in 1943,
the contrast suggests that, in this as in so many
other fields, a basic concept which has recently
gone from one extreme to the other is now being
modified on the basis of experience with its
application.
The Lairds’ book is a revised edition, but it is
little changed from the original. It consists of 11
rules for leadership, all of which are designed to
replace the “ old-style” autocratic with the “ newstyle” democratic approach, and the importance
of which is backed up by the many entertaining
anecdotes that make up the bulk of the book.
Doubtless the 1943 edition was effective in
making converts to the democratic approach in
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
that year and the years following, but a good many
people now seem convinced and, with the flood
of material currently available, those that are not
probably have been exposed already to much
persuasive literature along the same lines. In
addition, this growing body of material delves
extensively into the underlying circumstances
which make this approach effective, specific
techniques, and other matters beyond the scope
of the Lairds’ book. Thus, the latter would be
useful for persons newly assuming leadership
responsibilities, and possibly for individuals in
the lower echelons of management, but it offers
little to those already experienced or studying the
problem. Furthermore, a major point (as well as
some lesser ones) made by the Lairds is currently
subject to debate. This is the assumption that
only the democratic method of leadership is
desirable, that the old way is all bad and must be
discarded completely.
Mr. Uris believes that there are three basic
leadership methods— autocratic, democratic, and
free-rein—and that each has advantages and dis
advantages. Which one will produce the best
results depends, in his opinion, on the circum
stances, and the individual leader should therefore
make use of all three. Far from being inconsistent,
this is being flexible, he emphasizes, and it is
“flexibility—the suiting of leadership method to
leadership needs— that is the supreme skill of the
effective leader.” The circumstances to be con
sidered are: the individual subordinate, the group,
the particular situation, and the personality of the
leader himself. Mr Uris describes how to judge
these elements and determine the appropriate
approach—a process which shows up the validity
of his thesis that each t 37pe of leadership is needed.
For example, the subordinate who is a dependent
type of person gets reassurance from firm guidance
(autocratic), and the “ social isolationist” is likely
to do his best work on his own (free-rein).
Having suggested ways to judge why and when
to use each approach, Mr. Uris then analyzes
methods of application, deterrents to effective
leadership, and so on. He provides numerous
quizzes throughout, to enable the leader to judge
his own tendencies, for example, or to evaluate the
effectiveness of his leadership. His popular style
of writing causes some points to be overwritten
and others to be almost obscured by simplicity,
and the organization of the book could have been
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1369
more pointed. But it should prove helpful for
any individual who wants to become a more
effective supervisor.
— M . M e a d S m ith
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Mobility in the Labor Market: Employment Changes
in Battersea and Dagenham. By Margot
Jefferys. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul,
Ltd., 1954. 160 pp., bibliography. 15s.
American students of labor mobility will read
this report on job shifting in Great Britain with a
good deal of interest, mainly because of the great
similarity between the two countries in both the
techniques used in the survey and its substantive
findings. In the two industrial centers near London
chosen for study (Battersea and Dagenham),
workers in a representative number of factories
were interviewed concerning the patterns of their
work careers. This was very much like the technique
used by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in
its studies of occupational mobility, with one very
important exception. In the United States, the
workers were interviewed at home; in Great
Britain, they were interviewed at the firm on com
pany time. The latter method is no doubt less
expensive, but it did result in a not inconsiderable
loss of company cooperation and a reduction in
number of workers included, because participation
in the survey meant some interruption to produc
tion. So far as the findings are concerned, they
are strikingly like those reported for the United
States. Considerable job changing does take
place, but a small proportion of the workers ac
count for a substantial part of the labor mobility,
and even among this small proportion further con
centration is found, especially among younger
workers.
— S e y m o u r L. W o l f b e i n
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Ford: The Times, the Man, the Company. By Allen
Nevins with the collaboration of Frank
Ernest Hill. New York, Charles Scribner’s
Sons, 1954. 688 pp., bibliography, illus.
$6.75.
This book, made possible by a grant from the
Ford Foundation to Columbia University, has
index listings for United Alloy Steel Library and
United Shoe Machinery Co. but none for United
Automobile, Aircraft and Agricultural Implement
1370
Workers of America; that is because the book is
concerned principally with the development and
growth of the Ford Motor Co. during the 20 years
ending in 1915. The authors feel that it was dur
ing these years that the basic policies of the com
pany were established.
The volume contains what is probably the first
objective and reliably documented account of the
business, practices, and social outlook of Henry
Ford, the founder. The sponsorship of the study
appears in no way to have inhibited critical ap
praisals by Messrs. Nevins and Hill of either the
man or the times.
Of particular interest are the chapters on The
Five-Dollar Day and The Company and the
Worker. The text is illustrated with 80 photo
graphs.
Apprenticeship
Registered Apprentices in the United States— Detailed
Occupational Distribution, June 1954• Washington,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Apprentice
ship, 1954. 16 pp. (Technical Bull. T-142.) Free.
Setting up an Apprenticeship Program: A Guide to Em
ployers in Training Apprentices for Craftsmanship.
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau
of Apprenticeship, 1954. 32 pp., forms. Free.
National Bricklaying Apprenticeship Program and Stand
ards. Washington, U. S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Apprenticeship, 1954. 32 pp., forms.
Rev. ed. Free.
National Painting, Decorating, and Paperhanging Appren
ticeship Standards. Washington, U. S. Department
of Labor, Bureau of Apprenticeship, 1954. 32 pp.,
forms. Rev. ed. Free.
Child and Youth Employment
The Changing Years, 1904-1954: 50th Anniversary Report
of National Child Labor Committee. New York,
1954. 23 pp., illus. (Publication 415.) $1.
The Youth You Supervise. Washington, U. S. Depart
ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, 1954.
13 pp., illus. (Bull. 174.) 10 cents, Superintendent
of Documents, Washington.
Child Fruit and Vegetable Pickers, New York State, 1953.
New York, State Department of Labor, Division of
Research and Statistics, 1954. 18 pp.; processed.
(Special Labor News Memorandum 47.)
A Summary Report [to the Governor] on Employment of
Youth in Hawaii. Honolulu, Joint Committee on
Guidance and Employment of Youth, 1954. 15 pp.,
charts; processed.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
Employment (General)
1953 Annual Summary of Employment and Wages of
Workers Covered by Employment Security Law of North
Carolina. Raleigh, Employment Security Commis
sion of North Carolina, Bureau of Research and
Statistics, 1954. 250 pp., charts.
Annual Review of Employment and Payrolls [in Canada],
1953, as Reported by Employers Having 15 or More
Employees in Leading Industrial Groups. Ottawa,
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Labor and Prices
Division, 1954. 67 pp., charts.
[Employment Situation in France and Switzerland, 1953-54-]
(In Industry and Labor, International Labor Office,
Geneva, October 1, 1954, pp. 323-338. 25 cents.
Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.)
Volume and Distribution of Nonagricultural Employment in
the USSR, 1928-1955. By A. David Redding. (In
American Slavic and East European Review, Phila
delphia, October 1954, pp. 356-374. $1.25.)
For the postwar period, employment distribution is
shown only for 1950, and is estimated on the basis of prewar
distribution figures given in Soviet publications.
Housing
Housing Surveys in 75 Cities, 1950 and 1952. By Bruno
A. Schiro. Washington, U. S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1954. 7 pp. (Serial
R. 2144; reprinted from Monthly Labor Review,
July 1954.) Free.
Monthly Cost of Owning and Renting New Housing, 194950. By M. Mead Smith. Washington, U. S. De
partment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1954.
13 pp. (Serial R. 2151; reprinted from Monthly
Labor Review, August and September 1954.) Free.
Möglichkeiten des Arbeiterwohnungsbaues in der Euro
päischen Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl. By H.
Umrath. Amsterdam, [International Confederation
of Free Trade Unions?], 1954. 51 pp.; processed.
Report on the possibilities of workers’ housing in the
European coal and steel community, prepared by secretary
of standing housing committee of European Regional
Organization, International Confederation of Free Trade
Unions. A separate English summary accompanies the
report.
Industrial Hygiene
Health Education for Industrial Employees at the Hanford
Atomic Products Operation. By Caesar Branchini.
(In Public Health Reports, U. S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health
Service, Washington, September 1954, pp. 883-888,
illus.)
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Health Maintenance and Accident Prevention in Retail
Stores— A Report to Management. {In Industrial
Medicine and Surgery, Chicago, October 1954, pp.
468-472. 75 cents.)
Industrial Hygiene for Industrial Nurses. Ann Arbor,
University of Michigan, Institute of Industrial
Health and School of Public Health, [1954], 45 pp.,
bibliographies. (Continued Education Series, 54.)
$1, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
Prepared to acquaint the industrial nurse with the work
of the industrial hygienist.
Transactions of the 16th Annual Meeting, American Con
ference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Chicago,
III., April 24~27, 1954- [Cincinnati, Ohio, 4676
Columbia Parkway, Joseph E. Flanagan, Jr., Secre
tary-Treasurer of the Conference], 1954. 63 pp.;
processed.
Health Hazards in Tunnel Construction. By George L.
Wilson and Harvey J. Roberts. {In A.M.A. Archives
of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine,
Chicago, August 1954, pp. 142-151.)
Includes provisions for safeguarding the workers which
were written into the agreement with contractors for con
struction of the tunnel built as part of the West Virginia
Turnpike.
Lead Exposures from Oxy-Acetylene Flame Cleaning and
Cutting of Lead-Painted Steel. By Samuel Moskowitz
and others. {In Monthly Review, New York State
Department of Labor, Division of Industrial Hygiene,
New York, August 1954, pp. 29-31.)
Trichloroethylene and Dichloroethylene Poisoning, by Robert
S. McBirney, M.D.; Trichloroethylene Toxicity —
Report of Five Fatal Cases, by Morris Kleinfeld, M.D.,
and Irving R. Tabershaw, M.D. {In A.M.A. Archives
of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine,
Chicago, August 1954, pp. 130-141, bibliography.)
Industrial Relations
An Introduction to the Study of Industrial Relations. By J.
Henry Richardson. London, George Allen & Unwin,
Ltd., 1954. 442 pp., bibliography. 30s. net ($5.25,
Macmillan Co., New York).
Centralization and Decentralization in Industrial Relations.
By Helen Baker and Robert R. France. Princeton,
N. J., Princeton University, Department of Eco
nomics and Sociology, Industrial Relations Section,
1954. 218 pp. $4.
Dual Allegiance to Union and Management {a Symposium).
By Ross Stagner and others. {In Personnel Psy
chology, Baltimore, Spring 1954, pp. 41-80, bibliog
raphies. Also available as reprint 25 of University
of Illinois, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Champaign.)
3 2 2 0 6 1 — 54 -
-5
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1371
The Issue of States Rights in the Field of Labor Relations.
New York, Employers Labor Relations Information
Committee, Inc., 1954. 24 pp.
Analysis of the conflict between Federal and State
authority, with particular reference to the Taft-Hartley
(Labor Management Relations) Act.
Whose Job is Human Relations? By Frederick J. Bell.
Berkeley, California Personnel Management Associa
tion, Research Division, [1954?]. 7 pp. (Management
Report 195.) $1.
Current Problems in Labor Relations and Arbitration—
Digest of Proceedings of Cornell Conference Held April
13-14, 1954• Ithaca, Cornell University, New York
State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 1954.
62 pp. Free to residents of New York State, 50 cents
to others.
[Proceedings of Sixth Annual Industrial Relations Con
ference, Industrial Relations Centre, McGill University,
April 21 and 22, 1954.] Montreal, the University,
1954. 125 pp.
Collective Agreements in Nonferrous Metal Mining, [Canada].
{In Labor Gazette, Department of Labor, Ottawa,
September 1954, pp. 1285-1290. 25 cents.)
Labor and Social Legislation
Labor Law— Development, Administration, Cases. By Sid
ney C. Sufrin and Robert C. Sedgwick. New York,
Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1954. 590 pp. $3.95.
Designed for college courses in labor legislation.
Labor Laws of the State of Arizona. Phoenix, State Labor
Department, Industrial Commission, 1954. 102 pp.
Proceedings of the Taft-Hartley Forurn, University of M issis
sippi, March 5-6, 1954. University, Miss., University
of Mississippi, Department of Conferences and Insti
tutes, 1954. 115 pp. $1.75.
The forum was jointly sponsored by two major manage
ment and two major labor organizations of the State.
Addresses and discussion dealt with the provisions of the
Labor Management Relations Act, and with Government
responsibility and restrictions on and rights of management
and labor under the law.
Report to [New Jersey] Governor Robert B. Meyner by the
Governor’s Committee on Legislation Relating to Public
Utility Labor Disputes. Trenton, 1954. 64 pp., bib
liography.
State Right-to-Work Laws as of A pril 1954■ Washington,
Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., 1954. 20 pp. $1.
Time Off for Voting Under State Law. Washington, U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards,
1954. 13 pp.; processed. (Bull. 138— Rev.) Free.
1372
Législation Sociale de la Suisse, 1953. Zurich, Office
Fédéral de l’Industrie, des Arts et Métiers et du Tra
vail, 1954. 264 pp.
The Seamen’s Insurance Law, with Enforcement, Regulation,
and References. [Tokyo], Ministry of Welfare, Insur
ance Bureau, 1954. Various pagings, forms.
Codification of the seamen’s insurance law which pro
vides various benefits and social insurances for Japanese
seamen.
Labor Organizations
Current Trade-Union Movements of Western Europe. By
David J. Saposs. (In Social Research, New York,
Autumn 1954, pp. 297-313. $1.50.)
The [British] Typographical Association—Origins and His
tory up to 1949. By A. E. Musson. London, New
York, etc., Oxford University Press, 1954. 550 pp.
$4.80.
Fifty-seventh Annual Report of Scottish Trades Union Con
gress, Held in Aberdeen, April 7-10, 1954■ Glasgow,
Scottish Trades Union Congress, 1954. 346 pp. 3s.
4d.|
Report of the Third World Congress of International Confed
eration of Free Trade Unions, Held at Stockholm, July
4-11, 1953. Brussels, International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions, [1954]. 541 pp., illus.
Manpower
Fact Book on Manpower. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1954. 88 pp.,
charts, maps. (Bull. 1171.) 50 cents, Superintend
ent of Documents, Washington.
Presents a series of tables, charts, and text material sum
marizing basic information on the size and characteristics
of the working population of the United States.
Estimating the Labor Supply in a Rural Community. By
Kenneth E. Larsen and Everett L. Refior. Iowa
City, State University of Iowa, College of Commerce,
Bureau of Labor and Management, 1954. 36 pp.,
map, survey form. (Research Series, 7.) 25 cents.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
Medical Care and Sickness Insurance
The Development of a Medical Examination Center. By
R. E. Seth, M.D. (In Industrial Medicine and
Surgery, Chicago, October 1954, pp. 457-462, plan,
illus. 75 cents.)
Account of a unique private development in Seattle
which examines workers destined for the Alaska canneries,
truck and bus drivers who must meet interstate safety
standards, and employees in other industries. Services
are available to industry and unions alike.
Medical Service Program of the Sidney Hillman Health
Center of New York. By Morris Brand, M.D.
(In A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and
Occupational Medicine, Chicago, September 1954,
pp. 235-247, chart.)
Reviews the first 3 years of the Center’s operation.
Study of Five Years of Employee Counseling in an Industrial
Medical Program. By H. A. Vonachen, M.D.,
J. M. Mason, M. H. Kronenberg, M.D. (In A.M.A.
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational
Medicine, Chicago, August 1954, pp. 91-123, charts.)
A Look at Modern Health Insurance. Washington, Cham
ber of Commerce of the United States, 1954. 176 pp.
$1.50.
A survey of the voluntary health-insurance movement
in the United States, consisting of chapters by different
contributors.
Rhode Island Disability Insurance Program. Washington,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment
Security, 1954. 71 pp., charts. Free.
Covers the basic law and the organization, procedures,
and experience under it since its passage in 1942.
Occupations
Occupational Literature— An Annotated Bibliography. By
Gertrude Forrester. New York, H. W. Wilson Co.,
1954. 467 pp. $5.
A Civilian Management Career in the Department of the
Navy. Washington, U. S. Department of the
Navy, Administrative Office, 1953. 29 pp., illus.
(NAVEXOS P-1068, rev.)
Scientific and Professional Manpower—Organized Efforts to
Improve its Supply and Utilization. By Henry H.
Armsby. Washington, U. S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, 1954.
40 pp.; processed. (Circular 394.)
Employment Outlook in the Social Sciences. By Rose K.
Wiener. Washington, U. S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1954. 66 pp., charts.
(Bull. 1167.) 30 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
The Problem of Surplus Manpower in Europe. By Attilio
Oblath. (In International Labor Review, Geneva,
September-October 1954, pp. 301-322. 60 cents.
Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.)
Discusses methods of dealing with the problem of
Europe’s surplus manpower, with particular reference to
Greece and Italy.
Facts About Nursing— A Statistical Summary, 1953
Edition. New York, American Nurses’ Association,
[1954?]. 146 pp., charts, maps. $1.
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The Meat Packing Industry. By Edwin L. Heckler. Cam
bridge, Mass., Bellman Publishing Co., 1954. 23 pp.,
bibliography. (Vocational and Professional Mono
graph 46.) $1.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Pensions and Retirement
Industrial Pensions and Retirement Procedures— A Selected
Annotated Bibliography. Princeton, N. J., Princeton
University, Department of Economics and Sociology,
Industrial Relations Section, September 1954. 20 pp.
(Bibliographical Series, 82.) 50 cents.
Cost-of-Living Pension Plan. By Geoffrey N. Calvert.
{In Harvard Business Review, Boston, SeptemberOctober 1954, pp. 101-109, charts. $2.)
The Pension Story. By J. Scott Milne. Washington,
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
(AFL), [1954]. 16 pp., charts.
Data from this report were published in an article on the
IBEW pension plan in the November Monthly Labor
Review (p. 1234).
Factors in Interpreting Mortality After Retirement. By
Robert J. Myers. {In Journal of the American Sta
tistical Association, Washington, September 1954, pp.
499-509. $2.)
Types of Retirement Policy in Canadian Industrial Pension
Plans. {In Labor Gazette, Department of Labor,
Ottawa, September 1954, pp. 1238-1243. 25 cents.)
Personnel Management
The Practice of Management. By Peter F. Drucker. New
York, Harper & Brothers, 1954. 404 pp., bibliogra
phy. $5.
Psychology of Personnel in Business and Industry. By
Roger M. Bellows. New York, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
1954. 467 pp., bibliographies, charts, illus. (Indus
trial Relations and Personnel Series.) 2d ed. $7.35.
Readings and Cases in Personnel Administration. Ann
Arbor, University of Michigan, School of Business Ad
ministration, [1954]. Various pagings, charts.
1373
Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, Unemploy
ment Insurance Service, 1954. 131 pp. 40 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Significant Provisions of State Unemployment Insurance
Laws, September 15, 1954■ Washington, U. S. De
partment of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security,
1954. 4 pp. Free.
Extension of Coverage Under State Unemployment Insurance
Laws: Employees of State and Local Governments.
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Employment Security, October 1954. 22 pp.; proc
essed. Limited free distribution.
Review of [Unemployment Insurance] Experience Rating,
1958. {In Labor Market and Employment Security,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment
Security, Washington, September 1954, pp. 23-30.
30 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
Financing Unemployment Compensation in Illinois. Chi
cago, Illinois Department of Labor, Division of Un
employment Compensation, 1953. In 2 parts, 49 and
143 pp., charts.
Financing Unemployment Insurance in Nebraska. Lincoln,
Nebraska Department of Labor, Division of Employ
ment Security, 1954. 21 pp., charts.
Digest of a joint study by the Nebraska Department of
Labor, the University of Nebraska, and the U. S. Depart
ment of Labor.
Trends and Prospects of Unemployment Compensation in
Virginia. Charlottesville, University of Virginia,
Bureau of Population and Economic Research, 1953.
185 pp., charts.
Includes recommended changes in the unemployment
compensation program.
Wages, Salaries, and Hours of Labor
Administrative Control of Sick Leave. By Raymond Krah.
Chicago, Civil Service Assembly, [1954?]. 24 pp.,
bibliography, forms. (Personnel Report 544.) $1.50
to members of Assembly, $2 to nonmembers.
Pay Structure of the Federal Civil Service, June 80, 1958.
Washington, U. S. Civil Service Commission, Federal
Employment Statistics Office, 1954. 32 pp., chart.
(Pamphlet 33-5.)
Employee Testing: An A id to Good Employee Selection and
Placement. New York, National Association of Man
ufacturers, Employee Relations Division, [1954]. 13
pp., bibliography; processed. (Information Bull. 21.)
Free.
Study of the Shortage and Salaries of Scientists and Engi
neers. Washington, U. S. Senate, Committee on
Post Office and Civil Service, 1954. 20 pp., bibliog
raphy. (Committee Print, 83d Cong., 2d sess.)
Recreation Programs in Industry— Health Asset or Liabilityf
By Jean Spencer Felton, M.D. {In Industrial Medi
cine and Surgery, Chicago, September 1954, pp. 383400, bibliography. 75 cents.)
Unemployment Insurance
Comparison of State Unemployment Insurance Laws as of
August 1954■ Washington, U. S. Department of
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The Exemption of Wages from Garnishment: Some Compari
sons and Comments. By Harry Abrahams and Ed
ward S. Feldman. {In De Paul Law Review, Chi
cago, Spring-Summer 1954, pp. 153-168.)
The Guaranteed Wage: Sixth Annual Labor-Management
Conference [Sponsored by Institute of Management and
Labor Relations, Rutgers University], New Brunswick,
N. J., April 6, 1954New Brunswick, the
University, 1954. 115 pp.; processed. $2.
1374
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
Wage Incentives in Small Business. By Fergus G.
Chandler. Washington, U. S. Small Business Ad
ministration, [1954]. 4 pp. (Management Aids for
Small Business, 57.)
State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders, March 8, 1953, to
July 1, 1954. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1954. 38 pp. (Supplement
to Bull. 247.) Free.
Wage Stabilization, 1950—53: An Evaluation. By Dale A.
Henning. (In Current Economic Comment, Uni
versity of Illinois, College of Commerce and Business
Administration, Bureau of Economic and Business
Research, Urbana, August 1954, pp. 22-36.)
Women Workers in California Manufacturing Industries,
1953. San Francisco, Department of Industrial Re
lations, Division of Labor Statistics and Research,
1954. 10 pp., chart; processed.
Wage Rates for Laborers in Manufacturing, October 1953.
(In Labor Gazette, Department of Labor, Ottawa,
September 1954, pp. 1316-1317. 25 cents.)
Weekly salaries of office employees in manufacturing in
five Canadian cities in October 1953 are also given in the
September 1954 Labor Gazette.
Arbejdslfi nnen i Industrien. (In Statistiske Efterretninger,
Statistiske Departement, Copenhagen, September 2,
1954, pp. 433-442.)
Gives statistics of Danish wages in 1953, with compara
tive data for 1952.
Index of Earnings of Factory Workers in India. (In Indian
Labor Gazette, Ministry of Labor, Labor Bureau,
Delhi, May 1954, pp. 1037-1042, chart. Rs. 1-12.)
Miscellaneous
Big Enterprise in a Competitive System. By A. D. H. Kap
lan. Washington, Brookings Institution, 1954. 269
pp., charts. $4.
Report on an “exploratory study intended to probe some
of the underlying issues of big enterprise in a competitive
system.”
Men, Wages, and Employment in the Modern U. S. Economy.
By George Soule. New York, New American Library
of World Literature, Inc., 1954. 140 pp., bibliog
raphy. (A Mentor Book.) 35 cents.
Summarizes “some of the main findings and conclusions”
of the Twentieth Century Fund report on Employment and
Wages in the United States, by W. S. Woytinsky and
associates (1953).
Problems in Anti-Recession Policy. New York, Committee
for Economic Development, 1954. 161 pp. $1.
One of the 11 papers in this symposium deals with
Changes in Women's Occupations, 194-0—1950. By Marywages and prices in recession and another with unemploy
Elizabeth Pidgeon. Washington, U. S. Department
ment compensation as an economic stabilizer.
of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1954. 104 pp. (Bull.
253.
)
35 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Wash
Catalogue of Economic and Social Projects of the United
ington.
Nations and the Specialized Agencies, 1954• New
York, United Nations, 1954. 157 pp. (Sales No.:
1954 Handbook on Women Workers. Washington, U. S.
1954, II.D , 2.) $1.75, Columbia University Press,
Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1954. 75
International Documents Service, New York.
pp., charts. (Bull. 255.) 30 cents, Superintendent
of Documents, Washington.
Social Aspects of Technical Assistance in Operation. By
Presents data on employment, income, education and
Morris E. Opler. Paris, United Nations, Educational,
training, State labor laws for women, and other pertinent
Scientific
and Cultural Organization, 1954. 79 pp.,
subjects.
bibliography. (Tensions and Technology Series.)
75 cents, Columbia University Press, International
The Economic Strength of Business and Professional Women.
Documents Service, New York.
By Babette Kass and Rose C. Feld. New York,
Report of a conference at United Nations headquarters
National Federation of Business and Professional
in New York City, March 30-April 4, 1953, on the social
Women’s Clubs, Inc., 1954. 140 pp. $1.50.
aspects of technical assistance in the economic develop
Employment Opportunities for Women in Professional Engi
ment of underdeveloped areas.
neering. By Lillian V. Inke and Mildred S. Barber.
Record of Proceedings of Third Asian Regional Conference
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Women’s
of International Labor Organization, Tokyo, September
Bureau, 1954. 38 pp., bibliography, illus. (Bull.
1953. Geneva, International Labor Office, 1954.
254.
)
20 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Wash
xxi, 211 pp. $3. Distributed in United States by
ington.
Washington Branch of ILO.
Medical Technologists and Laboratory Technicians. By
Utilization of Holidays With Pay. Geneva, International
Mildred S. Barber. Washington, U. S. Department
Labor Office, 1954. 64 pp. 50 cents. Distributed
of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1954. 54 pp., bibliog
in United States by Washington Branch of ILO.
raphy, illus. (Bull. 203-4; Employment Opportuni
Prepared for 37th session of International Labor Con
ties for Women, Medical Series.) 25 cents, Superin
ference, 1954.
tendent of Documents, Washington.
Women in Industry
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Current Labor Statistics
A.—Employment and Payrolls
1377 Table A -l:
1378 Table A-2:
1382 Table A-3:
1385 Table A-4:
1385
1386
1387
1389
Table
Table
Table
Table
A-5:
A-6:
A-7:
A-8:
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
and group
Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries
Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in
manufacturing industries
Federal civilian employment by branch and agency group
Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected States 1
Employees in manufacturing industries, by State 1
Insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance pro
grams, by geographic division and State
B.—Labor Turnover
1390 Table B -l:
1391
Table B-2:
Monthly labor turnover rates (per 100 employees) in manufacturing
industries, by class of turnover
Monthly labor turnover rates (per 100 employees) in selected groups
and industries
C .—Earnings and Hours
1393 Table C -l:
1409 Table C-2:
1409 Table C-3:
1410 Table C-4:
1410 Table C-5:
1411
Table C-6:
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory
employees
Gross average weekly earnings of production workers in selected
industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of produc
tion workers in manufacturing industries
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc
tion activity
Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing
industries for selected States and areas 1
1 This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.
N o t e .— Beginning with the June 1954 issue, data shown in tables A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, C -l, C-2, C-3, and C-4
have been revised because of adjustment to more recent benchmark levels. These data cannot be used with
those appearing in previous issues of the Monthly Labor Review. Comparable data for earlier years are avail
able upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1375
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1954
1376
D,—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
1418 Table D -l:
1419 Table D-2:
1419 Table D-3:
1420 Table D-4:
1420 Table D-5:
1421 Table D-6:
1423 Table D-7:
1424 Table D-8:
1425 Table D-9:
1426 Table D-10
Consumer Price Index—United States average, all items and com
modity groups
Consumer Price Index'—United States average, food and its subgroups
Consumer Price Index—United States average, apparel and its
subgroups
Consumer Price Index—United States average, all items and food
Consumer Price Index—All items indexes for selected dates, by city
Consumer Price Index—All items and commodity groups, except
food, by city
Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
Average retail prices of selected foods
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
Special wholesale price indexes
E.—Work Stoppages
1427 Table E -l:
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
F.—Building and Construction
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1428 Table F—1: Expenditures for new construction
1429 Table F-2: Value of contracts awarded and force-account work started on fed
erally financed new construction, by type of construction
1429 Table F-3: Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction, type
of building, and location in metropolitan areas
1431 Table F-4: Building permit activity: Number of new dwelling units, by owner
ship, type of structure, and location in metropolitan areas
1431 Table F-5: Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Table F-6: Number and construction cost of new permanent nonfarm dwelling
units started, by urban or rural location, and by source of funds
Table F-7: Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by
ownership and location, and construction cost
1377
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
A: Employment and Payrolls
T able
A -l: Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and over 1
1953
1954 8
Labor force status
Sept.3
Oct.
Aug.
Ju ly 3
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.8
Oct.
Total, both sexes
Total labor force................................................
68,190
C ivilian labor force— .....................................
U n em p lo y m en t. ......................................
U nem ployed 4 w eeks or less____
U nem ployed 5--10 w eeks................
U nem ployed 11-14 w eek s..............
U nem ployed 15-26 w e e k s ............
U nem ployed over 26 w eek s_____
E m p lo y m en t..............................................
N onagricultural................................
W orked 35 hours or m ore___
W orked 15-34 hours.................
W orked 1-14 hours 8_______
W ith a job b ut n o t at work 8
A gricultural............................ ..........
W orked 35 hours or m ore___
W orked 15-34 hours.................
W orked 1-14 hours 8________
W ith a job b u t not at work 8.
64,882
2, 741
1,129
635
181
406
391
62,141
54,902
43,666
7,144
2,194
l ' 899
7,239
b, 353
1,464
' 295
126
--
68, 565
68,856
68,824
68, 788
67, 786
67,438
67,218
67,139
66, 291
66,106
66,874
66,954
65,243
3,099
1,284
642
341
451
383
62,144
54,618
23,999
25, 559
1,984
3,076
7, 527
5,684
1,527
219
97
65, 522
3,245
1,260
847
280
458
400
62,276
55,349
42, 514
5, 727
1, 753
5,355
6,928
5,164
1,214
327
221
65,494
3, 346
1,394
853
250
510
339
62,148
54,661
21,936
23,005
65, 445
3,347
1,628
623
236
566
293
62, 098
54, 470
43, 502
6 , 226
64,425
3,305
1,157
764
336
672
375
61,119
54,297
43,962
6,211
64,063
3,465
1,160
854
403
740
307
60, 598
54, 522
43,603
6 , 480
63, 825
3 , 725
1,301
932
484
741
267
60,100
54,225
44,291
5,804
63, 725
3,671
1,434
1,198
408
470
160
60,055
54,351
42,825
7,246
62,840
3,087
62,614
1,850
1,093
444
125
124
64
60, 764
55,326
46,889
5,139
63,353
1,428
886
294
96
96
55
61,925
55,274
42,847
8,972
63,404
7,833
7,486
5, 324
1,683
319
159
2,838
7,628
5,932
1,336
234
126
1,991
6,822
4,957
1,436
285
144
2,060
6,076
4,231
1,336
283
226
1,765
5,875
4,294
1,100
304
178
2,013
5,704
3,844
1,283
301
272
1,487
5,438
3,900
1,123
232
184
1,582
6,651
5,092
1,274
180
105
(4)
(4)
(4)
<*)
( 4)
59,753
54, 469
(4)
(4)
(4)
5,284
<4)
(4)
( 4)
(4)
727
236
72
82
46
62,242
55,083
46, 957 —
4 , 906—
'
1, 509 ------- 7,159
5,713
1,175
185
86
Males
Total labor force......................... - ................ .
Civilian labor force............ - ........................
Unemployment......................................
Em ploym ent-.........................................
N onagricultural..........................
Worked 35 hours or more---Worked 15-34 hours................
Worked 1-14 hours 8...............
W ith a job but not at work 8.
Agricultural....................- ..............
Worked 35 hours or more___
Worked 15-34 hours......... —
Worked 1-14 hours 8-----------With a job but not at work 8.
47, 586
44,317
1,796
42,522
36' 792
30; 780
3,782
'864
1,366
5,730
4, 579
'822
201
128
48,007
44, 724
1,993
42, 730
36,905
17, 978
16,118
814
1,994
5,825
4, 750
841
144
91
48, 964
45,669
2,152
43, 518
37, 712
30, 699
3,156
727
3,129
5,806
4, 578
745
270
213
48, 948
48,619
47, 791
47,671
47,408
47,539
(4)
47,013
47,184
47,129
45, 658
2,226
43,432
37, 426
16,675
15,089
835
4,827
6,006
4,657
978
226
145
45,317
2,194
43,123
37,100
31,355
3,303
762
1,673
6,023
5,135
621
145
123
44,471
2,197
42,274
36,660
31,184
3,241
956
1,279
5,614
4, 502
761
214
137
44,337
2,343
41,993
36,682
31,100
3,257
981
1,344
5,311
3,987
891
224
209
44,057
2,552
41,504
36,337
31,219
2,944
1,040
1,134
5,167
4,052
687
261
167
44,167
2, 542
41,625
36,592
30, 399
3,829
1,053
1,309
5,033
3,633
884
273
243
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
43,565
1,337
42,228
37,335
32,897
2,672
718
1,048
4, 893
3,724
815
186
168
43, 709
927
42, 782
37,283
30,470
4,910
788
1,115
5, 499
4,549
727
120
103
43,626
736
42,889
37, 241
33,319
2,283
648
991
5,649
4, 848
595
127
78
Females
Total labor force...... .................. ...........—
20,604
20, 559
19, 892
19,877
20.170
19,995
19,767
19,810
19,600
(4)
19,094
19,690
19,825
Civilian labor force...................................
Unemployment ..............- ..............
20, 565
' 945
19, 619
18Ì110
12', 885
3' 362
1, 330
'533
1,509
'775
642
94
0
20,520
1,106
19,413
17,712
6,020
9,441
1,169
1,081
1,701
933
686
76
6
19,853
1,093
18, 760
17, 638
11,816
2, 571
1,025
2,226
1,122
588
470
56
7
19,837
1,121
18, 716
17,235
5, 263
7,916
1,051
3,006
1,481
669
705
92
14
20,129
1,153
18,975
17,370
12,141
2,922
1,142
1,164
1,605
797
716
89
4
19,954
1,108
18,846
17,637
12, 775
2,972
1,177
712
1,209
454
675
71
10
19,726
1,121
18, 605
17,840
12, 503
3, 223
1,398
715
765
244
445
58
17
19,768
1,173
18,596
17,888
13,072
2,860
1,324
631
708
242
413
43
11
19,558
1,128
18, 430
17, 759
12,426
3,417
1,212
704
671
211
399
28
29
<4)
(4)
(4)
C4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
19,050
513
18,536
17,991
13,992
2, 468
1,093
439
545
175
308
46
16
19,645
501
19,143
17,991
12,377
4,062
1,085
467
1,152
544
547
60
2
19, 778
425
19,353
17,842
13,638
2,624
1,063
518
1,510
865
580
58
7
Employm ent---- -------- -------------------
N onagricultural------------ --------Worked 35 hours or more----Worked 15-34 h o u rs.......... .
Worked 1-14 hours 8_______
With a job but not at work 8.
Agricultural..... ..........................Worked 35 hours or more---Worked 15-34 hours............
Worked 1-14 hours 8....... ......
With a job but not at work 8
* Estimates are subject to sampling variation which may be large in cases
where the quantities shown are relatively small. Therefore, the smaller
estimates should be used with caution. All data exclude persons in institu
tions. Because of rounding, the individual figures do not necessarily add to
group totals.
_
, .
8 Data beginning January 1954 are based upon a new Census sample in
230 areas and are not entirely comparable with earlier data. In addition,
the introduction during 1953 of materials from the 1950 Census into the
estimating procedures produced certain discontinuities in the data. Revised
figures are expected to be available at a later date.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8 Census survey week contained legal holiday.
* Not available.
8 Excludes persons engaged only in incidental unpaid family work (less than
15 hours); these persons are classified as not in the labor force.
8 Includes persons who had a job or business, but who did not work during
the census week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor dispute, or
because of temporary layoff with definite Instructions to return to work
within 30 days of layoff. Does not include unpaid family workers.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
—
-
S~/4
1378
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T able
A-2: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and group 1
[In thousands]
1954
Annual aver
age
1953
Industry group and Industry
Oct.
T otal em p loyees............. ..................... ..............
M ining........... ..........................................................
M e ta l_____________ ____________________
I r o n ................................... ................ ...........
C opper................... ............... ...........................
Lead and zinc............... - ................... ...........
A nth racite____________ ____ ____________
B ltum inous-coal............................ .................
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
1953
1952
48, 635 48, 523 48,045 47, 808 48,137 47,935 48,068 47,848 47,880 48,147 50,197 49,851 50.180 49, 660 48,306
714
91.1
205.1
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
d u ctio n _________ ____ ______ ____ ____
721
90.5
34.4
22.1
13.7
737
98.4
34.1
28.3
15.0
735
100.2
35.0
28.3
15.3
744
99.6
34.7
28.4
15.2
737
98.8
35.3
27.5
15.1
749
98.4
34.9
27.4
15.2
772
101.6
36.2
29.0
15.4
790
103.1
37.1
29.1
16.0
805
104.3
38.2
29.3
15.9
822
105. 5
39.6
29.4
15.4
829
105.3
39.7
29.2
15.5
826
105.1
40.0
28.7
15.7
841
105.7
39.8
28.6
17.4
885
99.8
33.5
26.5
21.2
25.0
206.0
25.4
207.3
25.2
202.0
26.5
214.2
29.3
213.3
38.8
219.7
41.5
237.2
44.8
252.2
46.4
260.5
48.5
266.4
49.0
271.1
48.7
269.4
52.8
285.6
63.4
327.8
289.8
294.9
301.0
302.5
299.9
292.2
291.2
292.3
291.4
295.3
298.0
297.4
295.0
294.5
N onm etallic m in in g and quarrying_____
103.6
104.7
105.1
105.0
104.1
103.2
101.0
99.0
98.1
98.8
104.0
106.0
107.7
105.1
103.8
C ontract con stru ction................ ..................... ..
N onb u ilding construction_____ ____ ____
H ighw ay and street________________
Other n onbuilding construction..........
2 ,7G4
2,807
595
281.8
312.9
2,851
612
287.3
324.9
2,795
599
281.4
317.5
2,729
582
270.7
311.7
2,634
550
243.6
306.7
2,535
497
208.0
289.3
2,415
443
173.3
269.7
2,356
420
155.9
264.1
2,349
415
149.9
264.6
2,632
490
195.9
293.7
2,789
550
235.3
314.5
2,889
594
265. 8
328.0
2,644
518
218.1
299.9
2,634
514
209.4
305.0
B u ild ing construction_____________ _____
2, 212
2,239 2,196
General contractors____________ ______
939.1
962.2
Special-trade con tractors................. .........
P lum b in g and h e a tin g ......................
P ainting and decorating....... .............
E lectrical w ork ___________________
Other special-trade contractors____
944.0
2,147
918.4
2,084
892.5
2,038
867.8
1, 972
834.0
1,936
813.7
1,934
811.5
2,142
924.6
2,239
2,295
981.0 1,020.8
2,126
944.5
2,119
948.3
1, 273. 2 1, 277. 2 1,251.9 1,228.4 1,191.7 1,169.9 1,137.8 1,122. 5 1,122.6 1,217.6 1, 258.3 1, 274.1 1,181.2 1,170.8
312.3 313.3 304.6 297.4 292.0 290.1 289.2 287.6 292.2 305. 5 309.8 311.1 293.1 287.7
158.2 161.0 155.2 150.7 139.2 134.5 127.1 122.4 124.1 142.9 153.2 159. 6 148.1 156.5
169.1 170.7 171.4 168.2 164.2 162.0 163.1 165. 4 169.1 170.5 171.6 172.0 162.3 155. 7
633.6 632.2 620.7 612.1 596.3 583.3 558.4 547.1 537.2 598.7 623.7 631.4 577.7 570.9
M anufacturing_____ ____ _________ ______ 16,036 16,019 15,863 15,627 15,888 15,836 16,000 16,234 16,322 16,434 16,765 16,988 17,301 17,259 16,334
D urable goods 2_____________________ 9, 051 8, 956 8,875 8, 863 9,123 9,152 9, 260 9,389 9,480 9, 591 9, 773 9,897 10,072 10,129 9,340
N ondurable goods «_____ ___________ 6, 985 7,063 6,988 6, 764 6,765 6,684 6,740 6,845 6,842 6,843 6,992 7,091
7,229 7,131 6,994
Ordnance and accessories___ ____ ______
162.8
163.9
162.5
165.3
170.0
175.6
188.4
202.1
217.0
231.4
240.6
246.3
250. 7
242.6
178.7
Food and kindred p rod ucts____________ 1, 590. 3 1, 678.7 1,662.0 1,583.3 1,511.3 1,457. 8 1,434.9 1,431.1 1,428.9 1, 444. 7 1,505.3 1, 574.2 1,651.4 1, 555.0 1,548.2
M eat products______ ______ ___ ______
326.2 321.2 316. 6 317.4 310.0 310.6 316. 7 319.3 326.0 335.9 341.4 330.4 321. 5 319.0
D airy p ro d u c ts................................... .......
121.7 127.3 130.6 130.0 124.2 118.7 115.3 111.6 110.8 112.4 114.6 117.1 118.7 119.9
C anning and preserving______________
357.5 336.5 255. 2 193.7 172.6 163.2 153.6 152.9 159.7 178.1 213.8 284.6 235.3 227.6
Grain-mill products...... ......... ...................
123.6 123.4 124.2 123.1 119.7 112.5 116.2 117.4 117.1 116.8 117.6 120.6 119.4 123.8
Bakery p r o d u c ts.._____ ______________
284.5 286.0 287.3 282.4 280.2 282.7 281.9 282.5 281.5 284.4 288.4 290.3 285.9 284.1
Sugar-------------------------------------- ---------31.9
31.4
29.1
29.1
28.3
29.7
27.3
44.1
28.7
30.2
52.6
51.0
34.2
33.4
Confectionery and related p rod ucts___
85.9
79.2
74.5
75.2
72.6
76.6
79.3
81.2
90.2
83.6
93.0
93.1
84.6
86.2
B everages_____________________ ______
210.6 218.6 226.1 219.1 209.6 205.1 202.3 198.0 200.8 206.4 212.0 219.1 214.9 215.6
M iscellaneous food p rod ucts____ ____
136.8 138.4 141.0 141.3 137.9 137.2 138.5 137.3 135.0 137.0 140.8 145.2 140.6 138.7
Tobacco m anufacturers......... .............. .......
C igarettes_______________ ___________
C igars___________ _________________ _
Tobacco and snu ff_____________ ____ _
Tobacco stem m in g and redrying_____
118.7
118.5
32.4
40.6
7.8
37.7
110.4
31.9
39.9
7.7
30.9
91.2
31.7
38.0
7.7
13.8
90.4
31.6
39.9
7.8
11.1
89.8
31.4
39.5
7.9
11.0
89.9
31.6
39.2
8.0
11.1
92.1
31.8
39.8
7.9
12.6
98.2
31.9
40.3
7.9
18.1
105.6
31.8
39.4
7.8
26.6
112.9
32.0
40.8
8.0
32.1
109.7
32.0
41.7
8.2
27.8
117.4
31.6
41.3
7.9
36.6
103.6
31.4
40.6
8.0
23.7
105.6
30.4
41.1
8.5
25.5
T extile-m ill p rod ucts___________________ 1,081. 7 1,081.0 1,074.9 1,045.9 1,073.8 1,063. 2 1,073. 8 1, 083. 7 1,090. 2 1,091.1 1,123.1 1,141.4 1,163.2 1,188. 5 1,195. 6
Scouring and com bing p lan ts_________
5.8
6.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
6.2
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.8
5.6
6.3
6.6
6.4
Yarn and thread m ills....... ..................... .
123.8 123.5 120.1 124.0 122.5 124.8 125.3 125.8 128.3 133.5 135.7 138.9 144.8 150.1
Broad-w oven fabric m ills__ ____ _____
482.2 481.4 471.0 485.5 481.1 484.9 489.6 493.1 494.8 506.2 514.9 522.9 534.1 538.4
Narrow fabrics and sm allw ares......... ..
29.0
28.8
29.1
29.0
28.4
29.4
29.2
29.1
30.2
29.2
30.6
31.2
31.5
31.3
K n itting m ills________ _____ _________
225.2 222.4 212.8 217.8 213.2 212.6 214.1 214.5 211.1 219.5 225.4 231.8 236.1 236.2
D y ein g and finishing tex tiles......... .........
87.6
86.2
85.7
86.0
85.2
86.9
87.8
88.5
88.1
90.7
90.5
91.6
93.2
93.8
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
51.5
50.2
50.1
50.1
49.3
52.9
53.3
54.1
54.1
55.0
55.4
56.2
57.6
55.6
H ats (except cloth and m illin ery)____
14.5
14.6
14.4
14.0
14.3
13.9
15.4
15.6
16.2
15.5
16.0
16.2
16.8
16.7
M iscellaneous textile goods___________
61.4
61.5
61.8
61.7
58.6
63.0
63.9
64.5
64.8
66.0
67.3
68.1
67.7
67.0
Apparel and other finished textile prod
u cts________________________ _______ 1,184.0 1,177.3 1,175. 5 1,102.8 1,110. 4 1,107. 3 1,155.1 1, 226.8 1,213.8 1,188.2 1, 212. 6 1,214.1 1,231.3 1,230.7 1,199.8
M e n ’s and b oys’ suits and coats______
126.8 128.2 119.0 121.5 118.5 123.7 134.4 135.0 133.0 134.2 135.2 137.4 134.4 129.9
M e n ’s and b oys’ furnishings and work
clothing____________________________
296.6 291.3 269.2 283.9 283.6 290.1 297.7 293.1 290.9 298.9 308.2 314.0 310.2 287.2
W om en ’s outerw ear_________ ________
349.9 356.9 334.3 321.5 324.1 353. 2 389.4 384.7 372.7 371.1 352.6 352.5 363.1 369.6
W om en’s, children’s u n d er g a rm en ts...
111.7 108.8 102. 0 107.5 109.9 111.3 111.6 111.3 108.6 110.9 115.4 116.4 115.0 109.6
M illin ery _______ _____ _______ ______ _
21.3
20.4
12.9
16.4
15.0
19.9
25.9
24.4
22.5
20.0
18.1
21.6
21.5
23.1
C hildren’s outerw ear_________________
75.3
76.1
75.8
69. 5
75.7
69.3
74.4
73.8
71.2
71.4
69.2
71.5
72.2
68.9
Fur goods__________ _____ _________ _
12.3
11.7
12.9
12.3
10.9
8.9
9.5
9.9
10.2
12.4
13.1
11.5
12.1
13.7
M iscellaneous apparel and accessories..
61.8
60.6
57.4
56.4
55.9
57.1
59.3
58.4
56.5
60.9
63.2
65.2
63.9
65.0
Other fabricated textile products______
121.6 121.5 117.5 117.0 119.9 121.6 124.6 123.2 122.6 132.8 139.1 141.2 138.2 132.9
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1379
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T
able
A - 2 : E m p l o y e e s in n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n a n d g r o u p ‘— C o n t in u e d
[In thousands]
Annual aver
age
1953
1954
Industry group and Industry
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
1953
1952
M an u factu rin g —Continued
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_________________________ 798.3
Logging camps and contractors--------------------Sawmills and planing m ills------ --------- ------- -M illwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products-------------------------Wooden containers-------------------------------------Miscellaneous wood products-----------------------
790.3
138.3
410.1
681.4
96.1
360.1
671.8
92.2
352.8
769.4
125.6
401.2
747.1
116.1
390.5
716.5
96.7
380.3
710.0
96.7
375.9
694.2
85.7
372.1
684.5
74.8
372.5
722.5
89.6
388.9
764.6
108.5
406.9
782.3
110.1
418.2
775.4
102.1
418.2
788.7
99.7
439.3
130.0
58.7
53.2
117.3
56.6
51.3
117.3
57.4
52.1
128.0
61.2
53.4
125.9
60.9
53.7
123. 4
61.1
55.0
121.5
61.0
54.9
120.4
61.3
54.7
120.7
61.5
55.0
124.4
63.0
56.6
128.1
63.5
57.6
131.3
64.5
58.2
130.8
65. 5
58.8
125.6
64.1
60.0
349.8
248.6
341.5
240.5
326.2
228.7
329.0
228.3
330.6
230.7
337.0
236.8
344.4
242.1
346.1
241.9
347.7
241.7
356.0
248.7
363.5
256.5
367.8
259.6
373.6
265.9
361.4
257.1
42.1
41.9
39.9
40.3
39.9
40.0
40.7
41.4
41.5
42.2
42.0
42.5
42.7
41.9
33.3
32.9
31.2
33.3
33.0
33.3
34.1
34.7
35.6
35.6
35.7
36.3
35.7
34.0
25.8
26.2
26.4
27.1
27.0
26.9
27.5
28.1
28.9
29.5
29.3
29.4
29.2
28.4
Furniture and fixtures------------------------Household furniture------------------------Office, public-building, and profes
sional furniture------------------------Partitions, shelving, lockers, and
fixtures---------------------------------------Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures---------------------
350.2
Paper and allied products--------------Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes...
Other paper and allied products—
532.8
532.2
260.5
148.6
123.1
527.9
259.2
145.1
123.6
520.2
256.6
140.3
123.3
525.8
259.2
142.5
124.1
522.7
256.9
142.1
123.7
522.7
256.5
142.0
124.2
525.1
257.7
143.6
123.8
525.2
257. 7
144.4
123.1
525.7
257.5
145.6
122.6
530.7
260.0
148.2
122.5
535.0
259.2
153.6
122.2
537.7
259.8
153.8
124.1
529.6
257. 5
148.2
123.9
503.7
252.8
132.6
118.4
813.4
810.3
295.0
62.1
52.0
209.4
59.9
21.0
43.9
801.3
293.6
60.6
51.3
205.5
59.2
20.7
44.2
799.3
293.3
60.9
50.9
205.7
58.3
20.3
44.0
804.5
295.2
61.4
50.7
207.0
59.0
20.3
44.0
801.7
293.7
61.9
51.1
206.1
59.2
19.1
43.9
803.7
292.8
62.9
51.2
207.2
59.4
18.8
44.2
804.5
292.3
63.6
51.5
207.3
58.9
18.8
44.3
802.2
290.7
63.5
51.3
207.4
59.0
18.6
44.3
802.8
290.6
63.7
51.0
209.6
58.7
18.5
43.4
814.1
295.1
64.9
51.2
211.6
60.4
20.5
44.3
810.5
293.3
64.8
51.4
208.1
60.9
21.7
44.7
809.3
292.4
63.6
52.3
208.3
59.9
21.6
46.0
793.0
289.1
62.3
50. 6
205.1
57. 4
19.8
44.6
769.3
284.9
61. 6
47.2
198.7
64.6
18.6
42.9
67.0
66.2
65.9
66.9
66.7
67.2
67.8
67.4
67.3
66.1
65.6
65.2
64.1
60.7
807.8
94.0
318.5
91.1
811.2
93.8
320.6
90.8
805. 5
92.4
317.2
91.5
770.0
86. 7
283.3
96. 5
Printing, publishing, and allied indus
tries. ------- ----------------------------------Newspapers________________________
Periodicals_________________________
Books---------------- ---------------------------Commercial printing................................
Lithographing........................................—
Greeting cards............................................
Bookbinding and related ind ustries....
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services
Chemicals and allied products-------------Industrial inorganic chemicals.............. .
Industrial organic chemicals------------Drugs and m edicines......................... --Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara-
783.4
Paints, pigments, and fillers...................
Gum and wood chemicals----------------Fertilizers----- --------------------------------Vegetable and animal oils and fats----Miscellaneous chemicals.........................
Products of petroleum and c o a l...............
Petroleum refining...................................
Coke and other petroleum and coal
products--------------------------------------
250.8
783.7
96.0
295.0
92.6
773.3
95.6
295.8
92.0
771.9
95.2
297.1
91.4
775. 2
94.6
297.7
90.9
781.3
93.6
297.0
90.8
791.1
93.4
298.5
91.5
796.1
93.6
301.0
92.2
793.6
93.5
303.7
92.3
798.1
93.8
311.2
92.2
800.2
94.1
315.1
88.7
52.6
72.4
8.4
34.3
42.5
89.9
51.8
72.7
7.8
31.5
37.1
89.0
51.3
72.6
8.1
30.4
36.7
89.1
51.6
72.8
8.0
33.0
37.1
89.5
51.4
72.6
8.3
40. 3
37.8
89.5
51.7
72.8
8.3
46.8
39.5
88.6
51.9
72.9
8.3
46.5
41.4
88.3
51.7
73.2
8.3
40.0
42.6
88.3
51.6
73.4
8.3
34.9
44.5
88.2
51.3
74.1
8.3
32.9
46.3
89.4
51.4
74.5
8.3
32.4
47.4
90.2
51.8
74.6
8.2
34.2
47.0
902
51.4
75.0
8.1
37.2
42.7
90.0
50.4
73.1
8.0
36.9
44.3
90.9
254.1
204.5
255.8
206.0
256.8
206.8
255.4
205.2
252.6
202.9
251.8
202.9
251.6
202.4
252.2
202.3
253.1
203.1
255.4
204.1
258.0
205.0
260.7
206.5
260.4
206.3
253.9
2Ul.6
49.6
49.8
50.0
50.2
49.7
48.9
49.2
49.9
60.0
51.3
53.0
54.2
54.1
52.2
266.7
118.8
28. 3
119.7
Rubber products______________________
Tires and inner tubes------- ---------------Rubber footwear----------------------------Other rubber products-----------------------
260.9
258.3
114.3
26.2
117.8
229.8
92.1
25.8
111.9
226.0
91.5
25.3
109.2
255.2
112.8
25.0
117.4
253.7
111. 5
25.0
117.2
252.8
111.2
24.5
117.1
256.3
112.1
24.9
119.3
259.4
112.3
25.9
121.2
262.3
113.0
27.0
122.3
265.9
113.3
28.3
124.3
267.6
114.3
29.2
124.1
273.1
116.9
29.6
126.6
278.3
119.8
29.3
129.2
Leather and leather products............. .......
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings...
Footwear (except rubber).........................
369.0
369.0
42.3
4. 5
14.3
240.9
15.6
33.5
17.9
376.8
42.9
4.4
15.7
248.4
15. 4
32.6
17.4
366.8
43.3
4.4
15.9
242.9
14. 7
29.0
16.6
363.2
43.6
4.7
16.0
241.3
14.6
26.6
16.4
353.5
43.1
4.7
14.9
234.4
13.9
27.0
15.5
364.0
43.3
4.8
15.7
241.7
13.4
30.0
15.1
377.5
44.3
4.8
16.9
2,50.6
13.3
32.9
14.7
378. 4
44.7
4.8
17.2
250.2
14.3
33.3
13.9
371.0
44.6
5.0
16.9
246 6
13.6
31.1
13.2
372.0
44.7
5.0
16.7
243.6
15.5
31.4
15.1
373.0
45.0
5.1
16.0
238.9
17.1
33.4
17.5
374.1
46. 4
5.2
15.6
237.0
17.6
33.3
19.0
386.1
47.1
5. 4
17.0
249.9
17.0
31.8
18.0
381.2
46. 6
5.1
17.1
246.2
16.8
30. 3
19.2
522.0
520.4
29.1
89.0
16.3
42. 9
79.6
54.0
516.5
27.9
89.4
15.9
42.8
79.3
52.2
506.4
28.2
86.6
15.0
42.7
79.1
48.4
510. 0
28.1
90.6
15.3
39.4
79.2
51.6
509. 5
27.7
91.0
15. 5
40. 5
77.8
52.6
510.9
28.2
91.6
15.8
40.9
77.1
53.4
511.2
28.3
91.5
16.4
41.1
76.1
54.5
509.6
29.4
90.9
16.4
40.8
73.8
54.6
511.0 531.0
31.6
31.0
95.8
90.6
17.2
16.8
42.0
41.2
75. C 78.1
54.4
52.2
542.0
31.5
98.7
17.4
42.3
79.7
55.7
547.7
31.5
99.1
18.0
42.0
80.6
56.7
543.2
31.6
97. 8
18.2
41.8
79.6
56.1
527.5
104.8
18.9
105.3
19.0
104.9
17.7
103.2
18.5
101.8
18.7
100.0
19.0
98.2
18.4
96.5
18.2
96.2
18.0
101.6
18.7
104.9
18.7
106.6
18.7
104.6
18. 4
100.7
17. 6
85.8
84.7
83.8
84.1
83.9
84.9
86.7
89.0
90.0
91.6
93.1
94.6
95.0
89,7
Handbags and small leather goods-----Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
Stone, clay, and glass products..................
Flat g la s s ................................. - ................
Glass and glassware, pressed or blow n..
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic------------------------Structural clay products..........................
Pottery and related products-------------Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Cut-stone and stone products-----------Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products__________________ ______
See footnotes at end of table.
3 2 2 0 6 1 — 54
-6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
sun
93.2
17.1
40.0
81.2
57.9
1380
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T able
A-2: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and group
-Continued
[In thousands]
1954
Annual aver
age
1953
Industry group and Industry
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
1953
1952
Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries...... .................. 1,148.2 1,153. 5 1,160.6 1,162.3 1,179.5 1,172.4 1,186.8 1,206.9 1,223. 4 1, 249.0 1,273.7 1, 290. 5 1,314.8 1,333.2 1, 232.0
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills......... ........... ................................
569.2 570.9 573.2 579.0 573.9 580.1 593.3 601.4 614.2 626.6 637.7 650.3 653.3 570.7
Iron and steel foundries.. .......................
213.4 215.4 214.7 219.6 219.1 223.0 223.9 225.5 228.7 232.0 232.8 238.8 249.8 256.6
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals.......... ................... .......
56.0
58.6
58.8
58.3
57.8
57.7
58.0
58.7
58.5
58.4
58.9
59.7
59.5
55.7
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals......... .....................
12.0
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.6
12.7
12.4
12.4
12.8
12.9
13.1
13.4
13.5
12.7
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous m etals......................................
100.1 101.8 100.8 102.4 101.8 102.0 102.7 104.5 108.1 110.6 111.9 114.1 113.5 106.5
Nonferrous foundries_______________
70.9
69.0
70.7
72.8
72.4
75.1
78.1
80. i
82.9
85.8
87.5
88.3
91.5
87.6
Miscellaneous primary metal industries.
131.9 132.6 131.8 135.0 134.8 136.2 138.5 140.6 143.8 147.4 148.6 150.2 152.3 142.3
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipm ent)................................. 1,023.8 1,024.1 1,024.9 1,015.0 1,037.6 1,040. 4 1, 047. 4 1, 060.1 1,072 6 1,083. 4 1,086. 6 1,114.0 1,135.3 1,141.1 1,042.0
Tin cans and other tinw are..................
59.1
57.7
57.6
55.3
56.9
54.2
52.8
52. £
53.3
33.1
57.9
55.0
55. 4
55.4
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware____
141.3 141.2 138. 5 144.6 148.9 147.9 151.2 155.2 153.8 154.9 152.9 154.5 160.9 150.0
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
p lu m b ers’ su p p lies__________________
124.1
269.7
211.4
42.5
51.5
Fabricated structural metal products...
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving...
Lighting fixtures........................... ..........
Fabricated wire products_______ ____
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod
ucts.............................. ............... .........
121.2
270.7
213.5
41.9
51.4
116. 4
270.9
213.9
41.5
51.6
118.0
269.7
223.9
43.2
53.2
115.9
266. 6
230.4
43.3
53.8
116.0
265.7
234.4
44.6
54.6
117.9
264.7
239.2
45.8
55.5
117.6
264.9
245. 2
46.8
56.2
118.8
266.5
249.8
47.6
58.3
124.3
272.6
253.1
48.7
62.0
129.0
274.6
251.3
48.8
63.0
134.0
276.5
256.9
49.4
62.8
135. 0
271. 5
259.7
50.3
64.4
133.0
251.4
209.9
46.0
59.8
125.9 125.9 124.6 128.1 128.2 130.0 133.0 133. 8 135.3 137.9 139.4 143.3 144.1 136.5
Machinery (except electrical).................... 1,486.3 1,495.0 1,492.7 1, 509.9 1, 550. 7 1, 567. 7 1,590. 7 1,608. 0 1,626.0 1,636.6 1, 643. 4 1, 644. 8 1, 659. 2 1, 705. 3 1,664. 4
Engines and turbines................................
70.0
71.5
74.3
75.4
76.4
78.9
77.3
80.3
81.8
84.2
86.0
86.5
88.5
85.8
Agricultural machinery and tractors___
137.6 138.0 145.2 149.9 149.7 151.2 149.2 145.1 140.3 138.4 137.0 145.5 167.3 179.9
Construction and mining machinery...
120.5 121.8 122. 5 123.6 123.7 124.6 124.9 124.2 125.0 125.5 126.5 128.1 133.4 134.8
Metalworking machinery........ .............
269.2 269.2 273.8 280.4 284.7 290.7 298.7 303.9 307.9 307.4 309.5 310.8 308.9 294.3
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)__________
170.5 170.2 171.0 174.1 175. 6 177.2 179.3 180.1 181.8 183.5 183.5 184.0 187.9 190.9
General industrial machinery________
224.5 222.3 222.4 226.5 227. 9 230.8 235.1 237.8 241.5 244.7 245.0 245.6 243. 7 235.8
Office and store machines and devices...
104.0 101.9 102.7 103.5 103.3 104.8 105.7 107.9 108.6 109.6 109.3 110.1 109.3 108.7
S e r v ic e -in d u str y a nd household
machines.......................... ......................
154.7 151.5 153.4 166.0 175.3 180.4 178.6 185. 7 185.1 184.4 183.6 184.4 198.7 181.9
Miscellaneous machinery parts...........
244.0 246.3 244.6 251.3 251.2 253.7 257.6 261.0 264.6 265.7 264.4 264.2 267.7 252.4
Electrical machinery_________ _______ _ 1,108.4 1,096. 8 1,081.4 1,064.9 1,074.8 1, 087. 1 1,108. 5 1,126.6 1,138. 4 1,157.6 1,187. 5 1, 216. 6 1,235. 8 1, 226. 5 1,084.1
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa
ratus............. ..............................................
354.6 355.7 357.2 363.7 369. 0 373.5 379.4 384.4 390.3 395.9 397.1 400.7 402.8 373.8
Electrical appliances________________
63.9
60.9
65.0
60.1
60.8
62.6
66.2
67.2
68.6
71.1
72.2
72.3
70.8
56.5
Insulated wire and cable_____________
29.4
28.4
28.4
28.6
27.5
28.8
28.9
28.9
29.8
31.1
31.6
32.7
33.4
30.8
Electrical equipment for vehicles...........
69.2
65.9
67.7
70.9
72. 1
73.5
75.1
77.5
78.3
79.0
79.3
79.4
82.0
75.9
Electric lamps__ _____ ______________
27.2
27.1
27.6
27.0
27.7
28.1
28. 7
29.1
29.5
29. 8
29.6
29.8
28.4
25.6
Communication equipm ent....................
506.0 496.6 480.1 477.9 481.6 494. 3 503.2 505.2 514.6 532.1 555.7 569.3 559.7 474.2
Miscellaneous electrical products_____
46.5
46.8
45.5
45.3
45.5
45.3
45.1
46.1
46.5
48.5
50.9
51.8
49.5
47.3
Transportation equipment-.....................
1,666.3 1,585.2 1,651. 7 1,694.9 1,737. 9 1, 752. 5 1,793.4 1,823.7 1,846. 8 1,886. 0 1, 904.3 1,867. 7 1,924. 4 l, 955.0 1,693.4
A utom obiles._____________________
608.1 677.6 706.7 739.5 744.8 770.9 785.3 803. 1 828.2 862.9 844.1 875.5 920.2 790.2
Aircraft and parts....................................
797.4 793.9 803.8 804.0 806.9 816.6 823.1 823. 7 830.1 810.9 789.8 811.3 790.3 660.7
Aircraft______ __________________
495.4 499.8 498.8 493.8 496.2 498.9 497.9 496.9 502.7 483.3 466.8 489.1 479.1 425.9
Aircraft engines and parts________
162.2 154.2 162.8 166.3 169.5 174.5 178.2 178.8 179.5 181.6 181.7 183.9 177.3 138.8
Aircraft propellers and parts............
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
13.8
13.1
17.5
17.8
18.1
18.2
18.1
18.1
18.0
14.5
Other aircraft parts and equipment.
122.6 122.6 124.8 126.4 128.1 129.4 129.5 130.2 129.8 127.8 123 2 120. 2 115. 9
81.6
Ship and boat building and repairing.
117.0 117.7 125.1 127.5 132.0 132. 7 136.9 139.5 143.3 143.7 146.2 146.5 152.8 152.6
Shipbuilding and repairing..............
99.1
98.8 104.4 105.6 109. 1 111.8 114.0 117.4 121.7 123.2 124.9 125.3 130.5 134.2
Boatbuilding and repairing_______
17.9
18.9
21.9
20.7
22.9
20.9
22.9
22. 1
21.6
20.5
21.3
21.2
22.3
18.4
Railroad equipment......................... .
52.0
57.4
52.0
49.5
59.8
64.5
69.9
72.1
76.1
77.5
76.5
79.2
80.4
78.3
Other transportation equipm ent........
10.7
10.5
9.8
9.5
9.0
8.7
8.5
8.4
8.3
9.3
11.1
11.9
11.3
11.6
Instruments and related products______
303.6 302.6 299.4 300.3 305.4 310.5 315.3 321.2 325.0 329.7 332.9 334.3 332.7 332.8 310.2
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
instruments____________ ______ ____
46.9
46.4
48.5
49.3
51.4
52.5
53.7
54.7
55.4
55.9
55.9
56.0
54.9
49.4
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments_________________ _____
77.5
76.1
76.3
74.7
76.9
77.3
79.1
78.3
79.3
80.4
79.1
80.6
80.7
74.0
Optical instruments and lenses______
13.4
13.7
13.5
13.7
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.6
14.8
14.3
14.8
14.9
14.9
14.1
Surgical, medical, and dental instru
ments_____________________ _______
39.9
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.7
40.0
40.9
40.8
41.8
42.5
42.5
42.8
43.3
40.8
Ophthalmic goods....................” 1111111!
24.4
24.2
24.2
25.5
25.8
26.2
26.7
27.2
27.3
27.2
27.6
26.7
27.3
27.3
Photographic apparatus...........................
67.4
67.9
67.4
67.0
66.8
68.2
67.6
68.4
69.4
69.3
69.4
69.2
68.1
64.9
Watches and clocks_________________
32.2
35.4
32.3
30.9
36.1
37.6
39.2
40. 1
41.7
42.9
43.8
44.1
43.5
39.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
Musical instruments and parts_______
Toys and sporting goods.........................
Pens, pencils, and other office supplies.
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastic products__________
Other manufacturing industries______
See fo o tn o tes a t end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
480.6
474.4
54.7
16.2
86.3
29.6
66.1
70.3
151.2'
462.0
52.0
15.9
83.7
29.2
64.4
68.5
148.31
446.1
50.3
15.2
80.6
28. 5
59.9
66.5
145.1
458.9
51.5
15.2
81.9
29.2
62.0
69.8
149.3
458.3
51.9
15.5
81.2
29.3
59.6
70. 1
150.7
464.7
52.9
15.9
80.0
29.4
60.7
71.5
154.3|
475.1
54.2
16.3
80.1
29.8
62.6
73.6!
158.5l
480.4
55.6
16.5
81.1
29.8
65.1
73.8
158.5
473.8
55.3
16.7
78.3
29.2
62.7
75.2
156.4
494.7
56.1
17.0
85.9
30.1
64.9
76.8
163.9
512.4
57.4
16.9
96.8
30.5
68.0
78.7
164. ll
521.4
56.7
17.0
104.0
30.2
69.2
79.9
164.4
500.2
53.«
17.2
94.1
29.5
67.0
77.2
161.5
457.4
49.7
16.1
80.3
29.9
61.2
67.8
152.5
1381
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T a ble
A-2: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and group 1—Continued
[In thousands]
Annual Aver
age
1953
1954
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
1953
1952
4,020 4,031 4,030 4,043 4,032 4.008 4,008 3,992 4,039 4,069 4,187 4,216 4,257 4,224 4,185
Transportation............................................. 2,695 2,702 2,692 2, 702 2,703 2, 685 2,685 2,670 2, 719 2, 747 2,861 2,887 2,927 2,899 2,899
1, 214.8 1, 224.1 1,231.8 1,228. 9 1, 215. 6 1,206.4 1,215.2 1,243. 7 1, 266.4 1,328. 6 1,353.9 1,382. 6 1,376.9 1,399.8
Interstate railroads__________________
1,061.7 1,070.5 1,077.9 1,074. 7 1, 061. 9 1,052. 4 1,058.8 1,086.1 1,107.6 1,155.1 1,188.0 1, 214.6 1, 206. 5 1,226. 2
Class I railroads___________________
119.3 121.1 122.0 122.5 123.5 125.4 125.7 126.1 126.5 127.1 127.5 128.1 127.6 133.1
Local railways and buslines___ _
699.9 687.5 684.5 684.2 680.1 683.7 685.4 690.4 698.5 729.5 733.7 740.2 724.4 699.1
Trucking and warehousing___________
667.8 659.2 663.7 667.3 665.4 669.8 643.8 658.4 655.5 676.0 672.1 676.4 669.9 666.9
Other transportation and services_____
52.2
52.2
52.4
51.2
51.7
49.1
50.8
48.5
48.4
48.6
48.6
48.5
47.9
48.2
Buslines, except local____ ______ __
97.1
106.1 104.4 106.4 105.7 105.3 105.3 104.8 104.8 104.8 105.7 105.8 105.7 104.4
Air transportation (common carrier).
747
720
749
750
742
742
744
747
741
739
744
747
741
742
740
Communication_____ _____ ______ _____
697.3 702.7 705.1 698.8 698.6 699.6 700.0 700.5 701.3 704.0 705.2 705.6 702.2 678.4
T elep hone____ ___________________
43.7
40.4
40.9
42.1
42.6
43.6
40.9
42.7
40.9
41.2
41.4
40.9
41.2
41.5
Telegraph
_________________
566
579
580
580
578
580
578
578
594
582
590
594
588
581
Other public utilities........... .............. ........... 585
564.8 568.7 568.7 563.3 557.1 556.3 555.2 553.9 554.5 555.5 556.3 555.8 554.2 543.3
Gas and electric utilities
23.9
22.6
23.7
23.8
23.7
24.3
23.8
23.6
24.4
24.5
25.0
25.5
25.5
Local utilities, not elsewhere classified
24.8
Transportation and public utilities-----------
Wholesale and retail trade---------------------Wholesale trade_______________________
Retail trade___________ ______ ________
General merchandise stores____ ______
Food and liquor stores----------------------Automotive and accessories dealers----Apparel and accessories stores------------Other retail trade___________________
10,599 10,485 10,350
2,804 2, 779 2,781
7, 795 7,706 7, 569
1,405.9 1, 357. 9 1,289.7
1,439. 5 1,418.4 1,405.1
798.9 803.7 809.8
611.4 594.3 547.9
3, 539. 6 3, 531.4 3, 516.4
10,377
2,780
7,597
1,290.4
1,413.9
812.1
557.3
3, 523.4
10,414 10.375
2,757 2,746
7,657 7,629
1,325.1 1,339.3
1,421.6 1,416.3
811.7 808.8
595.6 600.0
3,502. 7 3,464.6
10,496 10,305 10,310 10,421
2,762 2, 780 2, 792 2,794
7, 734 7, 525 7,518 7, 627
1,408.6 1,318.8 1,304.6 1,368.8
1,419.6 1, 398. 5 1, 406.4 1.401.1
807. 7 811.8 818.2 824.9
659.0 574.1 563.1 583.7
3,438. 6 3, 421.8 3,425. 7 3,448.9
11,361 10,828 10,669 10,533
2,830 2,831 2,808 2,782
8, 531 7,997 7,861 7, 751
1, 960.4 1, 581.0 1,476.3 1,447.2
1,428. 7 1,415.3 1,405. 2 1,387.8
839.3 830.0 826.9 812.5
720.7 629.8 616.9 602.0
3. 582. 2 3, 540. 5 3, 535.9 3,501.9
10,281
2,743
7,537
1,446.1
1,346.1
767.8
589.1
3,388. 2
Finance, insurance, and real estate----------
2,109
2,116
527.1
68.8
783.3
736.9
2,126
534.2
69.2
785.9
736.9
2,126
534.6
68.3
785.3
737.7
2,104
525.6
66.8
775.7
736.1
2.081
521.3
65.8
770.9
723.2
2,075
522.6
65.4
771.2
715.4
2,057
522.5
64.8
768.4
701.1
2,044
520.3
64.4
764.9
694.3
2,033
516.1
63.9
759.4
693.3
2,040
515.8
64.1
761.4
699.0
2,034
513.7
64.3
756.6
698.9
2,040
512.0
64.6
754.3
709.4
2,025
506.3
65.7
740.8
712.5
1,957
480.0
65.1
704.8
707.1
Service and miscellaneous-----------------------
5,548
5,606
514.4
5,634
583.2
5,638
584.1
5,601
527.1
5,563
501.7
5,506
488.0
5,406
474.3
5,380
473.5
5,377
466.7
5,435
474.7
5,467
477.3
5,506
490.2
5,486
510.2
5,423
493.3
329.2
164.1
237.4
332.2
161.6
237.1
337.9
167.4
236.2
337.3
172.3
236.0
333.6
171.3
235.7
330.8
170.9
233.4
328.8
164.4
225.0
330.0
163.2
223.1
332.6
164.5
223.8
334.8
167. 2
225.2
336.5
169.9
228.8
338.1
170.3
233.5
339.2
167.6
232.7
340.2
166.0
240.1
Banks and trust companies____________
Security dealers and exchanges___
Insurance carriers and agents___ _______
Other finance agencies and real estate___
Hotels and lodging places--------- -----------Personal services:
Laundries__ _____________________
Cleaning and dyeing plants__________
Motion pictures_______________________
6,845 6,738 6,454 6,467 6,625 6,701 6,699 6,667 6,639 6,659 6,955 6,700 6,692 6,645 6,609
F ed eral________________________ _____ 2,127 2,141 2 ,1 5 6 2,1 6 1 2,164 2,160 2,168 2,173 2,175 2,184 2,480 2,203 2, 205 2,305 2,420
State and local *........................ ................... - 4, 718 4, 597 4,298 4,306 4,461 4,541 4, 531 4,494 4,464 4, 475 4, 475 4,497 4,487 4,340 4,188
Government_________________________
» The Bureau of Labor Statistics series of employment in nonagricultural
establishments are based upon reports submitted by cooperating firms.
These reports cover all full- and part-time employees In private nonagrieultural establishments who worked during, or received pay for, any part of
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Because of this, persons
who worked in more than 1 establishment during the reporting period will
be counted more than once. In Federal establishments the data generally
refer to persons who worked on, or received pay for, the last day of the month;
in State and local government, to persons who received pay for any part of the
pay period ending on, or immediately prior to, the last day of the month.
Proprietors, self-employed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic
servants are excluded. These employment series have been adjusted to first
quarter 1953 benchmark levels indicated by data from government social
insurance programs. Revised data in all except the first 3 columns will be
identified by asterisks the first month they are published.
These data differ in several respects from the nonagricultural employment
data shown in the M onthly Report on the Labor Force (table A -l, civilian
labor force), which are obtained by household interviews. This M R L F
series relates to the calendar week which contains the 8th day of the month.
It includes all persons (14 years and over) with a job whether at work or not,
proprietors, self-employed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic
servants.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* Durable goods include: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood
products (except furniture); furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass
products; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transportation equipment); machinery (except
electrical); electrical machinery; transportation equipment; instruments
and related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
* Nondurable goods include: food and kindred products; tobacco manu
factures; textile-mill products; apparel and other finished textile products;
paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chem
icals and allied products; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products;
and leather and leather products.
* State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, paid
volunteer firemen and elected officials of small local units.
See N ote on p. 1375.
N o t e .— Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is
given in a technical note on Measurement of Industrial
Employment, which appeared in the September 1953
Monthly Labor Review.
1382
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T a b l e A - 3 : P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in m in in g a n d m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr ie s 1
[In thousands]
1954
Annual
average
1953
Industry group and Industry
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
1953
1952
M in in g:
M e ta l......................... ..........................................
Iron ................. ......... ............................. ...........
C opper..............................................................
Lead and zinc.................................................
77.7
30.0
18.7
11.7
84.4
29.5
24.2
12.7
86.2
30.4
24.3
13.0
85.3
30.1
24.3
12.8
84.8
30.9
23.4
12.8
84.2
30.4
23.2
12.8
87.2
31.5
24.8
13.0
88.7
32.5
24.9
13.5
90.0
33.5
25.1
13.5
91.1
34.9
25.2
12.9
90.7
35.0
25.0
12.9
90.6
35.2
24.6
13.1
91.3
35.1
24.5
14.8
86.6
29.3
22.9
18.5
A nth racite_____________________________
B itu m in ou s-coal___ ____ _______________
21.4
187.5
21.6
189.2
21.3
182.2
21.9
195.1
26.0
194.9
35.4
200.8
38.0
217.8
41.5
232.7
42.8
241.2
45.0
246.7
45.1
251.0
45.0
248.4
49.1
264.5
59.5
304.4
C rude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
duction:
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services).......................
132.9
135.7
136.5
134.2
129.0
128.7
128.4
128. 9
128.4
128.8
129.0
130.6
131.4
129.0
N on m etallic m ining and quarrying_____
89.9
89.9
90.2
89.0
88.6
86.6
84.5
83.8
84.3
89.1
91.2
92.6
90.6
89.9
M an u factu rin g....... ......................... ..................... 12, 631 12,612 12,449 12,212 12,480 12,437 12,590 12,818 12,906 13,002 13,319 13,534 13,852 13,850 13,144
D urable goods 2________ ________ ___ 7,119 7,020 6,933 6,917 7,177 7,208 7,309 7,430 7, 520 7,616 7,791 7,910 8,088 8,167 7,539
N ondurable goods *___ ____ ________ 5, 512 5,592 5,516 5,295 5,303 5,229 5,281 5,388 5,386 5,386 5,528 5,624 5,764 5,683 5,604
Ordnance and accessories............. ............... .
113.8
114.7
112.9
116.6
120.3
125.2
136.8
150.4
164.5
176.5
183.6
187.4
193.0
186.3
135.0
Food and kindred products_____________ 1,157. 8 1, 244.0 1, 224.0 1,142.3 1,078. 7 1, 031. 1 1,011.1 1, 009.1 1,009.1 1, 024. 2 1,082. 7 1,149.0 1,223. 8 1,133. 5 1,137. 2
255.6 250.7 245.9 246.9 238.6 241.1 246.0 249.7 256. 4 267.1 272.5 262.5 254.9 252.9
M eat products_________________ ______
80.6
88.2
85.3
88.2
76.6
74.1
D airy p rod ucts........... ...................................
80.2
84.0
73.4
74.4
76.1
78.9
80.7
82.7
326.9 306.3 225.3 165.4 144.2 135.2 125.9 125.3 132.0 148.7 183.8 253.0 204.5 197.9
C anning and preserving______________
G rain-m ill products_____________ _____
91.3
90.8
91.7
91.3
87.9
80.6
84.7
85.8
85.7
85.2
85.7
88.7
87.3
93.2
172.5 174.2 175.5 173.5 171.9 174.2 174.4 174.7 173.1 176.6 180.3 182.1 180.1 181.6
B ak ery p r o d u c ts..........................................
Sugar_________________________________
26.3
26.0
24.3
22.1
23.8
23.8
23.0
23.2
24.7
37.9
45.7
44.1
28.6
28.0
71.9
C onfectionery and related products___
65.0
61.2
65.5
67.0
58.1
60.3
62.0
69.0
75.6
78.4
78.8
70.4
71.6
Beverages____________________________
120.9 126.8 132.5 127.3 121.8 117.1 115.1 111.9 115.1 119.7 125. 2 130.0 126.2 129.3
98.0
97.4
M iscellaneous food products__________
98.9 100.8 101.1
98.8
98.6
97.7
94.8
97.5 101.3 105.7 100.9
99.9
Tobacco m anufactures__________________
C igarettes.........................................................
C igars___ ______ _______________ _____
T obacco and snu ff______________ _____
Tobacco stem m ing and redrying............
109.6
T extile-m ill products.......................................
Scouring and com bing p l a n t s ................
Y arn and thread m ills________________
B road-w oven fabric m ills_____________
N arrow fabrics and sm all w ares_______
K n ittin g m ills___ _____________ ______
D y ein g and finishing textiles...... .............
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
H ats (except cloth and m illin ery)..........
M iscellaneous textile goods___________
Apparel and other finished textile products
M e n ’s and b oys’ suits and coats______
M e n ’s and b oys’ furnishings and work
cloth in g ................................................. .......
W om en ’s outerw ear...... ............. .................
W om en’s, children’s u nd er g a rm en ts...
M illin e ry ____________________________
C hild ren ’s outerw ear...................................
F u r g ood s............................. ............... ...........
M iscellaneous apparel and accessories...
O ther fabricated textile products............
Lum ber and wood products (except fur
n itu re)_______ ______ _____ _________
Logging cam ps and c o n tr a c to r s............
S aw m ills and planing m ills ______ ____
M illw ork, p lyw ood, and prefabricated
structural wood p rod ucts.......................
W ooden containers______________ ____
M iscellaneous w ood products_________
F urniture and fixtures____________ _____
H ou seh old furniture__________________
Office, public-building, and professional
furniture________________ ______ ____
P artition s, shelving, lockers, and
fixtures__ _____ ______________ _____
Screens, blinds, and m iscellaneous fur
niture and fixtures....................................
footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
727.9
109.5
29.5
38.6
6.7
34.7
102.0
29.2
37.9
6.7
28.2
82.9
28.8
36.1
6.6
11.4
82.4
28.7
37.9
6.7
9.1
81.5
28.3
37.5
6.7
9.0
81.7
28.6
37.2
6.8
9.1
84.0
28.7
37.9
6.7
10.7
89.9
28.8
38.5
6.7
15.8
987.8
5.3
114.4
454.2
25.2
204.2
76.6
43.1
12.9
51.9
981.3
5.8
114.3
452.0
25.1
201.7
75.4
41.7
13.0
52.3
953.0
5.7
442.1
24.8
192.0
74.8
40.6
12.6
49.4
980.9
5.0
114.7
456.8
25.5
197.0
75.2
41.1
13.0
52.6
968.6
5. 1
113.1
451.5
25.3
192.2
75.5
41.0
12.5
52.4
979.0
4.9
115.3
455.2
25.7
191.6
76.6
43.8
12.2
53.7
989.0
4.6
115.7
460.1
25.5
193.0
77.5
44.3
13.8
54.5
994.6
4.5
116.2
463.2
25.3
193.5
77.8
45.0
14.0
55.1
1,050.7 1,049. 5
114.1 115.2
979.8
106.6
987.0
108.2
984.9 1, 029. 7 1,100. 5 1,087.6 1,061.6 1,083. 5 1,084. 6 1,102. 5 1,102.1 1,074. 7
105.3 110.2 120.8 121.5 119.2 120.5 121.4 124.0 121.1 116.9
111.0
97.2
28.9
37.5
6.6
24.2
104.3
28.8
38.8
6.8
29.9
101.1
28.9
39.8
6.9
25.5
109.2
28.6
39. 4
6.8
34.4
95.1
28.4
38.5
6.8
21.4
96.7
27.5
39.0
7.3
22.9
996.5 1,028.2 1,046.0 1,067.3 1,092. 6 1,100. 5
5.2
5.1
4.6
5.7
6.1
5.9
118.7 123.9 125.8 128.9 134.9 139.8
466.0 477.0 485.1 493.2 504.1 508.6
25.5
26.4
27.0
27.6
27.9
27.8
190.0 198.6 204.3 210.8 215.2 215.6
77.5
79.9
80.2
80.8
82.3
83.0
44.9
45.9
46.4
47.1
48.6
47.2
13.9
14.6
14.4
14.6
15.2
14.9
55.4
56.7
57.7
58.6
58.4
57.7
272.9
309.7
99.1
19.1
68.4
9.2
55.8
102.4
268.7
317.0
96.0
18.2
69.5
8.9
54.4
101.6
247.6
295.9
89.5
14.2
68.8
9.2
50.2
97.8
262.4
283.6
95.1
10.9
69.0
9.9
50.9
97.0
261.4
286.8
97.2
13.1
63.0
8.2
49.4
100.5
267.7
314.2
98.8
17.9
63.0
6.3
50.3
101.3
275.0
349.4
99.2
23.6
68.0
6.9
52.8
104.8
270.6
344.4
99.0
22.2
67.4
7.3
51.9
103.3
268.1
332.9
96.2
20.2
65.0
7.5
49.8
102.7
275.2
330.5
98.3
17.7
64.9
9.7
54.2
112.5
284.5
312.0
102. 7
15.8
62.7
10.2
56.4
118.9
290.4
312.6
103.8
19.2
64.6
8.8
58.2
120.9
287.3
322.7
102. 5
19.1
65.5
9.3
56.8
117.8
266.2
329.3
97.9
20.5
62.8
10.7
57.7
112.9
722.2
130.8
381.1
613.1
88.6
331.1
603.7
84.6
323.8
700.7
117.8
372.0
678.5
108.3
361.3
648.7
89.9
350.8
642.6
89.6
346.8
627.3
78.6
343.3
616.9
67.6
343.7
653.5
82.2
359.0
695.3
100.9
377.0
713.1
102.8
388.2
705.3
94.8
387.1
719.1
93.2
406.7
109.2
54.1
47.0
96.3
52.1
45.0
96.4
52.9
46.0
107.4
56.4
47.1
105. 5
56.1
47.3
103.3
56.4
48.3
101.4
56.4
48.4
100. 5
56.7
48.2
100.6
56.8
48.2
104.0
58.4
49.9
107.6
58.9
50.9
110.8
59.8
51.5
110.5
60.7
52.2
106.4
59.3
53.3
296.6
217.0
287.6
208.8
272.2
196.9
274. 5
196.0
276.5
198.6
282.7
204.3
290.0
209.3
291.7
209.1
293.2
208.5
301.4
215.8
308.4
223.4
312.6
226.1
319.0
233.0
309.3
225.5
34.1
33.7
31.9
32.1
31.9
32.1
32.9
33.5
33.9
34.3
34.0
34.7
35.0
34.5
25.3
24.9
23.1
25.2
24.9
25.2
26.0
26.8
27.8
27.9
27.7
28.5
27.8
26.5
20.2
20.2
20.3
21.2
21.1
21.1
21.8
22.3
23.0
23.4
23.3
23.3
23.3
22.7
1383
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
A-3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1954
Annual aver
age
1953
Industry group and industry
Oct.
M anufacturing—C ontinued
Paper and allied p r o d u c ts............................
P u lp , paper, and paper board m ills___
Paper board containers and boxes_____
Other paper and allied p rod ucts______
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
1953
1952
442.1
441.4
220.4
123. 2
97.8
435.9
218.8
119.1
98.0
429.9
217.1
114.9
97.9
435.6
219.5
117.2
98.9
432.5
217.9
116.3
98.3
432.7
217.3
116.3
99.1
435.9
218.6
118.0
99.3
436.5
218.3
119.1
99.1
437.5
218.7
119.9
98.9
442.4
220.7
122.3
99.4
446. 3
220.0
127.5
98.8
448.3
220.5
127.7
100.1
441. 0
218.9
122.2
99.9
420.9
215.7
109.9
95.3
Printing, publishing, and allied industries.
N e w s p a p e r s ............................................ ..
Periodicals........................................................
B ook s................. ..............................................
Com m ercial p r in tin g .............................. .
L ithographing......... ........................... ...........
G reeting cards________________ _______
B ookbinding and related industries____
M iscellaneous publishing and printing
serv ices..................................................... .
521.9
522.0
146.3
25.5
32.1
170.5
46.1
15.7
34.9
513.8
145.1
25.0
31.1
166.7
45.3
15.3
35.1
512.9
145.2
24.8
30.7
167.3
44.6
15.2
34.9
518.5
147.9
25.5
30.6
167.9
45.5
15.0
34.7
514.7
146.6
25.6
30.6
166.5
45.6
14.0
34.5
516.4
145.8
26.0
30.4
168.0
45.7
13.8
34.8
516.8
145. 9
26.3
30, 5
168.1
45.2
13.7
34.7
513.6
143.3
26.0
30.3
168.6
45.3
13.5
34.5
514.2
142.4
26.4
30.3
170.9
44.7
13.4
33.8
524.5
147.8
26.3
30.1
172.8
46.2
15.3
34.6
522.1
146.6
26.5
30.1
169.4
47.0
16.6
34.9
524.8
147.4
26.6
30.6
170.0
46.5
16.6
36.4
513.3
145.1
26.6
29.7
167. 5
44.4
15.0
35.1
500- 3
143. 5
27. 5
28. 2
163.0
42. 2
14.1
33.9
50.9
50.2
50.2
51.4
51.3
51.9
52.4
52.1
52.3
51.4
51.0
50.7
50.1
48.2
C hem icals and allied p r o d u c ts ................
Industrial inorganic c h e m ic a ls ..............
Industrial organic ch em icals..... .............
D rugs and m ed icin es________________
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara
tio n s .____ _____________ ______ _____
P aints, pigm ents, and fillers__________
G um and w ood chem icals...................... .
Fertilizers_________________ ___ _____
V egetable and anim al oils and fats.........
M iscellaneous ch em icals_____________
527.7
527.0
67.7
201.5
57.4
515. 7
67.5
201.1
56.5
512.7
67.2
201.2
56.0
517.2
67.4
201.3
56.0
525.3
67.1
201.0
56.2
533.8
66.7
201.7
56.6
538.6
66.8
204.3
57.2
536.1
66.5
207.1
57.7
539.5
67.0
214.1
57.5
540.1
67.1
217.3
54.1
547.7
66.9
219.7
57.6
552. 3
67.0
221.8
56.9
551. 4
65.9
222.0
56.9
536.9
62. 2
203.9
61.3
32.4
45.7
7.2
25.8
30.6
58.7
31.6
45.9
6.5
23.1
25.9
57.6
31.1
45.6
6.9
21.9
25.3
57.5
31.6
45.7
6.8
24.5
26.0
57.9
31.7
45.6
7.1
31.7
26.7
58.2
32.0
46.0
7.0
38.4
28.4
57.0
32.2
45.9
7.1
38.1
30.0
57.0
32.2
45.8
7.1
31.7
31.1
56.9
31.8
45.8
7.1
26.6
32.6
57.0
31.1
46.2
7.1
24.8
33.9
58.5
31.4
46.3
7.2
24.3
34.9
59.4
31.9
46.7
7.1
26.1
35.0
59.8
32. 1
47.4
6.9
29.0
31.3
59.9
32.0
46.6
6. 9
29. 2
32. 9
61.9
179.3
139.1
181.2
140.6
181.1
140.3
178.6
138.4
176.2
137.0
176. 5
137.2
177.6
137.7
177.8
137.7
180.7
139.4
183.8
140.8
185.3
141.3
186. 5
142.4
182. 6
140.2
_________
—
Products of petroleum and coal....... .........
Petroleum refining______ ______ _____
Coke and other petroleum and coal
p ro d u cts._____ ____ ______________ _
174.8
177.0
137.2
39.8
40.2
40.6
40.8
40.2
39.2
39 3
39.9
40.1
41.3
43.0
44.0
44.1
42.4
R ubber p rod ucts______________________
Tires and inner tu b es................................
R ubber footw ear____________ ________
Other rubber p rod u cts...............................
205.6
202.4
87.2
20.9
94.3
177.0
68.0
20.5
88.5
173.1
67.3
20.1
85.7
198.4
85.0
19.8
93.6
197.0
83.9
19.8
93.3
195.2
83.2
19.2
92.8
199.4
84.7
19.6
95.1
202.9
85.3
20.5
97.1
205.7
86.4
21.5
97.8
208.7
86.7
22.9
99.1
210.0
87.3
23.7
99.0
215.6
90.3
24.0
101. 3
220.8
93.0
23.7
104. 1
211. 7
92. 9
22. 9
96.0
L eather and leather p rod ucts__________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished
Industrial leather belting and packing
B oot and shoe cu t stock and findings . .
Footw ear (except rubber)...................... .
Luggage---------------------------------------------H andbags and sm all leather goods____
G loves and m iscellaneous leather goods
329.6
330.3
38.0
3.5
12.6
217.3
13.4
30.0
15.5
337.2
38.5
3.4
14.0
223.8
13.2
29.2
15.1
327.0
38.9
3.4
14.1
218.1
12.5
25.7
14.3
323.6
39.1
3.6
14.2
216.7
12.4
23.3
14.3
315.1
38.6
3.6
13.2
210.8
11.8
23.7
13.4
325.1
38.8
3.6
14.0
217.8
11.3
26.7
12.9
337.7
39.8
3.7
15.1
225.8
11. 1
29.6
12.6
338.6
40.2
3.7
15.4
225.4
12.2
30.0
11.7
331.9
40.0
3.9
15.2
222.4
11.6
27.8
11.0
332.4
40.0
4.0
14.9
219.3
13.3
28.0
12.9
333.6
40.4
4.1
14.2
215.0
14.9
30.0
15.0
334.4
41.7
4.2
13.8
212.8
15.3
30.0
16.6
346.7
42.4
4.4
15.1
225. 8
14.8
28.5
15.6
342. 5
41. 9
4 3
15. 3
222 7
14. 7
27.0
16.7
437.4
26.0
75.7
14.1
36.1
70.6
47.9
86.0
16.7
433.8
24.7
76.2
13.7
36.0
70.5
46.4
86.4
16.8
423.8
25.0
73.6
12.9
35.9
70.3
42.7
86.0
15.5
427.2
24.9
77.6
13.2
32.7
70.5
45.6
84.2
16.2
426.9
24.7
77.9
13.3
33.7
69.2
46.4
83.3
16.3
428.3
25.0
78.4
13.7
34.2
68.5
47.1
81.4
16.8
429.1
25.3
78.2
14.2
34.5
67.7
48.2
79.6
16.2
427.2
26.2
77.6
14.2
34.2
65.4
48.3
78.2
16.0
428.4
27.6
77. 4
14.6
34.6
66.4
45.8
78.1
15.8
447.7
28.3
82.6
15.0
35.2
69.8
48.1
82.8
16.5
458.6
28.3
85. 5
15. 1
35. 6
71.6
49.1
86.2
16.5
464.8
28.2
86.0
15. 7
35.5
72.2
50.4
88. 1
16.6
460.2
28.2
84.8
15. 8
35.2
71.2
49.8
86.0
16.2
447. 7
26. 9
80. 4
14. 6
33. 9
73. 0
51. 7
82. 3
15.3
63.2
65.2
67.1
68.1
69.4
70.7
72.1
72.9
69.5
Stone, clay, and glass products__________
Flat glass____________ ____ ___________
Glass and glassware, pressed or b low n.
Glass products m ade of purchased glass.
C em ent, h ydraulic____________________
Structural clay p rod ucts_____ ________
P o ttery and related p rod ucts_________
Concrete, gyp su m , and plaster products
C ut-stone and stone products_________
M iscellaneous nonm etallic mineral
p r o d u c ts.................................... .................
Prim ary m etal in d u s tr ie s ..____ ________
Blast, furnaces, steel w orks, and rolling
m ills_________________ ____________ _
Iron and steel foundries.............. .................
Prim ary sm elting and refining of nonferrous m etals_______________________
Secondary sm elting and refining of nonferrous m etals_____ _________________
R olling, draw ing, and alloying of nonferrous m etals____ ______ ___________
Nonferrous foundries_________________
M iscellaneous prim ary m etal industries
Fabricated m etal products (except ord
nance, m achinery, and transporta
tion e q u ip m e n t).................................
T in cans and other tin w a re___________
C utlery, handtools, and hardware____
H eating apparatus (except electric) and
plum bers’ su p p lies...................................
Fabricated structural m etal products __
M etal stam ping, coating, and engraving
L ighting fixtures__________ _____ _____
Fabricated wire p rod u cts_____________
Miscellaneous fabricated m etal products
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
_________
439.4
_________
_________
960.8
818.1
1
64.3
63.1
61.9
62.3
62.1
963.9
967.8
969.0
983.0
975.6
991.1 1,009.6 1,026. 7 1,048. 8 1,074.3 1,088.1 1,111.5 1,131. 5 1,043. 7
483.8
184.5
483.5
186.8
485.4
186.4
488.1
191.0
483.3
190.4
490.8
194.2
502.0
195.0
511.3
196.4
522.2
198.9
534.0
202.5
542.2
203.6
554.9
209.4
559.6
219.9
486.5
226.7
45.9
48.1
48.0
47.6
47.1
47.1
47.6
48.6
48.3
48.3
49.0
49.9
49.3
46.1
8.8
9.1
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.3
9.1
9.0
9.3
9.6
9.7
10.0
10.0
9.5
79.0
56.9
105.0
89.7
54.5
105.1
79.6
56.1
104.4
81.0
58.2
107.9
80.6
57.6
107.3
80.9
60.0
108.8
81.4
63.3
111.2
83.2
65.1
113.1
86.7
67.6
115.8
89.5
70.8
119.6
90.6
72.4
120.6
92.6
73.0
121.7
92.2
76.4
124.3
86.2
73.0
115.7
817.6
51.0
113.8
819.1
52.2
113.8
809.2
50.7
111.4
831.1
50.2
117.3
833.3
48.8
119.3
839. 5
47.5
120.3
852.1
46.1
123.4
863.6
46.0
127.4
873.5
46.3
125.5
874.9
26.4
126.7
902.4
47.9
124.6
924.0
50.9
126.2
932.1
48.6
132.9
847.5
48.7
123.3
98.0
204.2
173.7
33.4
42.1
101.4
95.3
205.6
175.9
32.9
42.1
101.3
90.1
206.8
175.9
32.6
42.0
99.7
92.0
205.7
185. 2
34.2
43.5
103.0
89.6
202.8
191.1
34.3
44.3
103.1
89.2
201. 7
195.3
35.5
45.0
105.0
91.3
201.0
200.2
36.6
45.8
107.7
91.1
201.3
205.3
37.6
46.4
108.5
92.2
203.1
209.1
38.4
48.5
110.4
97.3
209.0
211.5
39.4
52.0
112.6
102.0
211. 7
209.6
39.5
53.0
114.1
107.1
213.3
215.6
40.1
52.7
118.1
107.8
209 4
219. Ó
41.2
54.3
19.1
106.0
194.1
175.2
37.2
49.9
113.1
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1384
T a ble A -3 :
Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1954
Annual
average
1953
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
May
June
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
1953
1952
Mann fac turing—C on tinued
Machinery (except electrical)------ --------- 1,093.3 1,095.9 1,092.5 1,108.4 1,150.6 1.165.0 1,186.6 1, 201.9 1,219.8 1,230.0 1,238.4 1,240.1 1,253. 6 1,301. 5 1,279.9
54.2
55.8
63.4
49.8
52.3
53.3
54.6
60.6
62.2
62.7
64.7
48.7
57.0
58.3
Engines and turbines------------------------ _____
98.8
97.3 105.3 125.8 137.0
97.6
98.1 105.0 110.2 110.1 111. 6 109.7 105. 4 100.9
Agricultural machinery and tractors__
90.4
89.6
90.7
87.5
88.5
89.8
90.5
91.9
92.5
94.1
99.2 102.4
86.9
91.5
Construction an^ mining machinery
Metalworking m achinery.................. .. ______ 205.7 205.1 209.7 216.1 219.5 224.9 232.2 237.3 241.0 242.0 243.8 245.0 244.8 235.7
Special-industry machinery (except
120.9 120.9 121.0 124.6 125.8 127.8 129.7 130.7 132.1 134.3 134.0 134.1 138.0 142.6
metalworking machinery)_____ ____
151.4 149.0 149.3 154.1 155.7 158.2 162.2 164.5 167.7 170.7 171.3 172.0 171.8 167.9
General industrial machinery.
82.8
83.6
80.4
80.8
81.7
81.3
87.9
87.9
88.8
88.5
89.0
Office and ,sfnre machines and devices.
82.3
86.0
86.7
Service-industry and household ma115.1 111.1 112.9 124.6 133.4 138.0 135.6 142.9 142.4 141.3 140.5 140.9 154.6 140.7
chines
____________________
187.3 190.6 188.9 196.2 195. 4 198.3 202.4 205.5 209.4 210.9 210.6 210.7 214.2 201.3
Miscellaneous machinery parts_______ —
Electrical m achin ery..................................
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparatus.
Electrical appliances
_ ________
Insulated wire and cable _ __ _______
TGectrical equipment for vehicles__ __
Electric lamps
___________________
Oommimication eq u ip m en t_________
"Miscellaneous electrical products_____
807.0
797.4
781.9
765.4
775.8
791.2
810.9
827.4
838.9
855.1
882.7
913.0
933.1
930.4
817.4
244.5
51.5
23.5
54.5
23.6
365.2
34.6
244.4
48.6
22.4
51.3
23.4
357.0
34.8
245.1
47.5
21.9
53.3
23.4
340.4
33.8
253.0
48.3
22. 7
56.6
23.9
337.5
33.8
259.2
50.4
23.1
57.7
24.2
342.6
34.0
263.2
52.9
23.2
58.9
24.5
354.3
33.9
268.5
54.6
23.4
60.5
25.0
361.9
33.5
272.7
55.4
23.4
62.9
25.5
364.4
34.6
277.1 282.4
57. C 59.0
24.2
25.5
64.3
63.9
26.2
25.9
371.9 388.2
37.1
35.1
282.4
60.2
25.9
64.6
26.3
414.3
39.3
286.8
60.0
27.1
64.5
26.0
428.4
40.3
290.7
59.0
27.7
67.6
24.9
422.6
38.1
269.8
46.0
25.6
60.8
22.0
356.6
36.6
Transportation equipm ent........................ 1,256.1 1,171.3 1,236. 6 1,276. 5 1, 324.1 1,342. 4 1,380.4 1,408.6 1, 434.6 1,469.8 1, 486.8 1,449.1 1, 506. 5 1, 543.6 1,334.2
465.8 533.5 560. 5 693.5 600. 9 625. C 637. C 655. 0 676.8 707.1 685.6 714.6 759.9 644.4
Automobiles _____________ ________
558.5 555.8 564.9 570.0 575.0 584.5 591. S 596.0 602.3 586.4 567.0 591- 6 576.8 483.5
Aircraft and parts
____________
343.8 350.3 349.2 348.6 353.3 356.2 355.5 356.2 362.9 346.0 330.5 354.6 347. 8 311.6
98.8
109.9 101.5 109.4 113. 4 116.2 121.3 125.5 127.3 127. 3 129.1 128.6 131. 5 126.5
Aircraft engines and parts _____ __
10.4
13.4
13.3
13.2
9.1
9.3
12.6
12.9
13.3
12.5
12.6
13.2
12.1
12.3
Aircraft propellers and parts_______
62.7
98.3
94.6
89.3
95.4
97.7
99.6
97.9
92.2
93.8
96.4
98.9
91.7
Other aircraft parts and equipm ent-.
92.7
100.8 101. 5 108.8 111. 1 115.2 115. 6 119. 5 121.8 125.3 125.9 128.2 128.4 134.4 134.6
Ship and boat bnildine and repairing..
99.1 102.1 106.2 107.9 109.4 109.8 114.5 118.1
97.2
90.7
91.8
85.5
85.3
95.0
Shipbuilding and repairing_______
16.5
18.4
20.4
18.8
19.8
19.7
19.1
18.6
16.2
18.1
19.3
20.2
18.0
15.3
Boatbuilding and repairing________
61.9
53.4
58.9
62.9
48.3
55.2
59.9
61.7
34.2
41.7
44. 1
58.9
37.0
37.3
Railroad equipment _____ _______
9.8
9.4
9.6
7.0
6.6
7.5
10.2
7.8
7.2
6.8
6.5
8.8
8.1
8.9
Other transportation equipment _____
Instruments and related products---------Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
214.4
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments
___________________
Optical instruments and lenses _____
Surgical, medical, and dental instruments
________________________
Ophthalmic goods.. _ ______________
Photographic apparatus-------------------Watches and clocks________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
Musical instruments and parts ______
Toys and sporting goods_____________
Pens, pencils, and other office supplies.
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions . . .
Fabricated plastic p ro d u cts..................
Other manufacturing industries______
394.7
213.6
209.7
210.0
214.8
219. 5
223.9
229.4
232.5
237.0
240.8
242.9
241.5
242.3
227.5
28.0
27.1
28.4
29.1
30.5
31.7
32.6
33.6
34.1
34.5
34.9
34.7
34.4
32.2
54.9
10.8
53.4
10.7
53.4
10.6
51.6
10.8
54 0
10.8
54.4
11.0
55.4
11.1
56.0
11.4
56.1
11.6
57.5
11.3
57.8
11.7
56.8
11.7
58.1
11.7
53.0
11.3
27.7
19.2
46.3
26.7
27.3
19.1
45.5
26.6
27.4
18.9
45.7
25.6
27.7
20.2
45.9
29.5
27.7
20.5
45.7
30.3
28.0
20.8
46.3
31.7
28.8
21.3
47.0
33.2
28.7
21.8
47.1
33.9
29.6
21.9
48.1
35.6
30.2
22.2
48.3
36.8
30.5
21.9
48.3
37.8
30.7
21.2
48.2
38.2
31.0
22.0
47.5
37.5
29.5
22.0
45.6
33.8
389.4
44.7
13.9
72.7
22.5
55.4
57.1
123.1
377.6
41.9
13.5
70.2
21.9
54.0
55.4
120.7
362.5
40.4
12.8
67.2
21.3
49.6
53.9
117.3
375.0
41.6
12.9
68.6
22.0
51.7
56.9
121.3
373.9
41.9
13.2
67.9
22.1
49.1
57.3
122.4
380.1
42.6
13.5
67.0
22.1
50.5
58.8
125.6
3S9.0
44.0
13.8
66.8
22.5
52.3
60.6
129.0
393.2
45.3
14.1
67.4
22.4
54.5
60.9
128.6
386.4
44.8
14.5
64.5
22.0
52.2
62.2
126.2
407.1
46.1
14.7
72.3
22.8
53.9
63.7
133.6
424.9
47.1
14.7
83.4
23.2
56.8
65.5
134.2
434.0
46.6
14.9
90.3
23.0
58.1
66.5
134.6
414.8
43.8
14.9
81.0
22.3
56.2
64.6
132.0
378.1
40.4
13.7
69.1
22.7
50.8
56.6
124.8
• See footnote 1, table A-2. Production and related workers Include work
ing foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees)
engaged In fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage,
handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, janitorial, watch
man services, products development, auxiliary production for plant’s own
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
use (e. g., powerplant), and record-keeping and other services closely associ
ated with the above production operations.
3 See footnote 2, table A-2.
* See footnote 3, table A-2.
See N ote on p. 1375.
1385
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T a ble A -4 :
Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in manufacturing
industries 1
f1947-49=* 100]
E m p lo y
m en t
Period
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:'
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
A verage............... - ...........
A verage....... ....................
A verage.............................
A verage.........................
A verage........................... A verage________ ____ A verage.............................
A verage........................... A verage______________
A verage.............................
66.2
71.2
87.9
103.9
121.4
118.1
104.0
97.9
103.4
102.8
W eekly
payroll
29.9
34.0
49.3
72.2
99.0
102.8
87.8
81.2
97.7
105.1
E m p lo y
m ent
Period
W eekly
payroll
A verage___ __________
A verage_______ ______
A verage____ ____ ____
A verage______________
A verage........................... -
93.8
99.6
106.4
106.3
112.0
97.2
111. 7
129.8
136.6
151.6
1953: October.............................
N ovem b er.................... ..
D ecem b er............. ...........
112.0
109.4
107.7
152.6
148.0
147.2
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
E m p lo y
m en t
Period
1954: January............... .............
February_____________
M arch ___________ ____
A pril___ ____ ________
M a y ________ _______
J u n e.......................... .........
J u ly __________________
A u g u st_______________
Septem ber____________
October_______________
105.1
104.3
103.6
101.8
100.5
100.9
98.7
100.6
102.0
102.1
W eekly
payroll
140.8
140.5
138.4
135.0
135.1
136.6
132.3
135.1
138.4
1 See footnote 1, tables A-2 and A-3.
See N ote on p. 1375.
T
able
A-5: Federal civilian employment by branch and agency group
[In thousands]
Executive 1
Year and month
All branches
Total
Department of
Defense
Post Office
Department
Legislative
Judicial
Other agencies
Continental United States 1
1952: Average_________________________
1953: Average____________ _____ _______
2, 420
2,305
2,394.0
2,279.0
1,199.2
1,130.6
538.3
526.5
656.6
621.9
22.6
22.2
3.9
3.9
1953: September_______ _______ ________
O ctober..------------- ---------------------November. _________ ____ _______
December_____ _____________ ____
2,230
2,205
2,203
2,480
2,204. 7
2,179. 3
2,177.0
2, 454.6
1, 094. 4
1,076. 5
1, 069.0
1,063. 5
497.4
497.9
505.2
792.8
612.9
604.9
602.8
598.3
21.9
21.8
21.7
21.7
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.9
1954: January_________________________
February_____________________ ..
M arch_________________________
April________ ________ . . ----M ay----- -------------------- . ----------June____________________________
July------------------------------------------August . ______________________
September__________ ____________
2,184
2,175
2,173
2,168
2,160
2,164
2,161
2,156
2,141
2,157.9
2,149.0
2,147.2
2, 141. 9
2, 134. 2
2,138.1
2,134. 7
2,130.1
2,115.1
1,058.0
1, 048. 4
1,041.4
1, 036.0
1, 028. 6
1, 025. 2
1,022. 1
1,020. 6
1,012. 6
504.4
502.2
500.8
502.6
502. 4
504.8
507.4
505.7
503.3
595.5
598.4
605.0
603. 3
603.2
608.1
605.2
603.8
599.2
21.7
21.9
21.8
21.8
21.8
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
Washington, D . C.1
1952: Average_________________________
1953: Average________ ________________
258.7
241.4
237.2
220.3
92.9
90.4
10.0
9.5
134.4
120.4
20.8
20.3
0.7
.7
1953: September_______________________
October____ ______ ______________
November_______________________
December_______________________
233.8
231.1
230.3
233.7
213.0
210.4
209.6
213.0
89.5
88.9
88.6
88.2
9.0
9.1
9.1
13.3
114.5
112.4
111.9
111.5
20.1
20.0
19.9
19.9
.7
.7
.8
.8
1954: January_________________________
February________________________
March__________________________
April___________________________
M ay------------ ------------------------ . .
J u n e ..._________________________
July------------------------------------------August__________________ _____
September___
. . ____
___
228.4
228.1
228.0
227.8
226.6
228.7
227.1
226.1
224.5
207.7
207.2
207.2
207.0
205.8
207.8
206.2
205.2
203.6
87.8
87.4
87.3
87.1
86.4
87. 2
87.2
87.0
86.5
9.0
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.0
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.7
110. 9
110.8
110.8
110.7
110.4
111.7
110.1
109.4
108.4
19.9
20.1
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.2
20.2
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
1 Includes all executive agencies (except Central Intelligence Agency) and
Government corporations. Civilian employment in navy yards, arsenals,
hospitals, and on force-account construction Is also included.
J Includes the 48 States and the District of Columbia.
* Includes all Federal civilian employment In Washington standard metro
politan area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia
counties).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N o t e .— Beginning with July 1954, approximately 1,200
Howard University and Gallaudet College employees
located in the District of Columbia are excluded from
Federal Government figures and are included in Service.
See N ote on p. 1375.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1386
T able
A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected States 1
[In thousands]
1954
Annual
average
1953
State
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.-
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
1953
666.2
661.9
681.1
684.4
683.1
662.3
662.8
665.0
683.0
659. 5
657.8
661.0
676.8
669.1
Alabama__________ _____
201.4
202.2
202.3
201.7
202.5
205.3
201.8
201.5
199.2
202.4
198.4
198.3
199.0
197.3
Arizona 2_________________
304.3
302.1
322.1
305.6
307.0
307.0
316.1
317.5
319.1
298.9
302.5
316.3
306. 3
298.7
Arkansas----------- ------------California_____________ --- 3, 914.1 3, 884.8 3,835.4 3,823. 8 3, 810. 6 3,796.3 3, 785.0 3, 790. 9 3,812. 0 3, 951. 7 3, 913.4 3,980. 4 4,000.1 3, 895. 3
319.4
400.4
391.5
387.5
389.2
407.8
416.3
405.5
394.7
409.3
419.3
412.2
412.7
409.6
Colorado 2_______- - . - --847.0
487.0
813.8
889. 5
137.2
841.2
487.8
811.5
879.0
135.5
850.2
489.0
824.9
888.3
131.7
846.8
487.4
846.0
890.6
129.5
852.8
488.4
880.7
895.0
125.2
850. 7
486.5
887.5
889.8
123.0
855.1
485.8
894.7
888.1
121.2
862.0
485.2
897.1
891.0
123.4
894.5
503.2
895.3
917.5
131.9
879.0
495.7
855.6
910.6
135.6
878.6
497.6
828.2
913.9
140.4
881.6
500. 2
810.3
917.0
143.9
668.6
192.4
319.7
3, 739.2
407.8
876.0
508.9
837.6
906.3
134.9
847.6
529.6
796.1
881.4
137.0
Illinois- ____________ --- 3,323. 2 3, 290.0 3,267.6 3,307. 7 3, 298. 7 3,303. 8 3,289.0 3, 298.0 3,319.0 3,439.0 3,431. 5 3,458. 9 3,456. 5 3,424.2
Indiana2---- ------ -_- -------- 1,319. 4 1,284. 6 1,289.8 1,304.1 1,307.1 1,320. 0 1,321.7 1,338. 4 1,356.1 1,407. 5 1,410.0 1,421.9 1,446. 9 1,423.6
613.2
606.2
603. 9
605.9
621.8
615. 2
630. 3
632.0
639.0
644.6
633.0
623.2
618.8
Io w a 2 -- - ----------------- - 629.5
527.4
545.8
546.4
542.8
538.3
536.3
531.1
526.2
542.6
540.5
550.1
540.9
541.8
547.1
K ansas2 ---------- ---------718.3
713.0
707.8
692.2
690.3
692.7
686.3
689.6
689.7
714.7
696.2
688.9
687.0
694.6
Louisiana________________
3,318.8
1,360.3
627.4
540.1
669.2
275. 7
282.3
257.4
260.2
270.9
270.0
274.6
256.2
255.9
274.2
265.8
276.3
274.7
Maine . - --- - -- -- ---. 271.1
779.9
779.6
815.3
80.97
818.1
820.1
789. 7
791.2
784.2
784.7
777.7
806.5
796. 7
796.0
Maryland
1,
741.4
1,
749.8
1,752.5
1,
822.0
1,
808.
0
1,
823.
4
1,825.6
1,
743.0
1,815.6
1,
745.
8
1,737.0
1,756.0
1,
747.1
1, 745. 7
Massachusetts-----------------M ichigan------------------ -- - 2,187. 5 2, 217. 9 2, 238. 5 2, 286.2 2,287. 7 2,307. 6 2,306. 2 2,315.8 2,346. 9 2,459.4 2,430.2 2,449.1 2,452.1 2,455.1
824.4
877.2
885.4
834.9
872.6
869.4
821.3
812.7
816.5
861.8
851.4
845.0
828. 5
M innesota2--- - - ------ -- 860.2
275.6
784.6
1, 791.1
2,275. 9
835.8
Connecticut--------------------District of Columbia_____
Florida________________ -------------- ----Georgia
Idaho 2_______________ -
848.6
489.9
821.6
902.1
139.1
1952
346.0
334.4
334.4
336.9
332.1
332.1
345.6
342.6
345.7
335.3
333.7
336.7
Mississippi ----------- -------- 343.5
Missouri- . ------ -- - - 1,229. 5 1, 223.0 1,227. 5 1, 234. 0 1,236. 5 1,244.6 1,237.8 1, 240. 9 1, 250.0 1,299.7 1,282. 7 1,300. 5 1, 296. 9
161.5
149.6
146.9
145.7
146.9
155.8
156.7
159.8
159.2
158. 8
158.6
153.3
Montana ------- ------------ -- 150.8
355.1
341.2
343.5
356.9
354.5
357.0
351.1
348.8
346.0
343.0
350.3
353.0
N e b r a sk a .----- --------- - 353.8
71.4
69.2
71.5
73.2
75.0
75.9
72.6
69.8
69.6
71.1
75.5
76.1
74.7
N ev a d a 2__ ____
--- -
340.3
333.4
1,284.3 1, 269. 4
154.4
153.2
348.8
342.3
71.1
65.7
176.4
176.4
169.6
169.9
169.5
174.6
179.0
175.8
177.8
170.0
170.1
172.9
176.3
179.1
N ew Hampshire 2____ - . .
N ew J e r s e y --------------------- 1, 784. 3 1, 775. 7 1,770.6 1, 778.1 1, 767. 7 1,774.9 1, 774.0 1,772.0 1, 773.6 1,841.0 1, 829.4 1,846. 7 1, 858. 3 1,834. 2
171.2
169.2
181.2
175.4
172.8
169.9
170.1
177.7
177.6
179.7
178.1
175.0
174.6
N ew Mexico 2_ _
- 177.3
N ew York----------- ---------- 5,866. 9 5,833. 7 5, 797. 4 5, 800. 9 5, 790. 8 5,820. 2 5, 814.6 5,815. 7 5,846. 4 6,090.2 6,027. 9 6,044. 6 5, 994. 6 5, 960. 9
975.9
984.6
985.1
991.0 1,028.1 1,020.3 1,024. 4 1,023.3 1,010. 7
986.5
977.1
986.7
North C arolina------ ------ 1,003.1
971.1
174.0
1, 793. 2
170.2
5,866.8
992.0
111.4
108.1
107.3
112.8
114.8
114.3
111.2
113.4
113.2
106.6
106.6
112.6
113.7
112.7
North Dakota__________
Ohio.- ______ _______ ____ 2, 924.8 2,877. 2 2,872. 2 2,920.8 2, 917. 5 2,931. 9 2, 933.6 2, 952.6 2,980. 4 3,079.1 3,057.8 3,092. 5 3,106. 4 3,063.1
529.4
534.4
532.8
527.6
527.5
546.7
540.5
541.8
539.9
533.9
534.3
531.6
537.6
530.6
Oklahoma________________
444.3
433.7
425.5
475.1
491.6
465.8
439.5
458.7
451.7
426.7
450.7
459.0
456.0
Oregon2. --------- 484.8
3, 597. 3 3,573. 0 3, 574. 2 3, 595. 0 3,585.3 3,634.1 3,638.1 3,661. 4 3,689.0 3,866. 5 3,856. 8 3,887.0 3,891. 5 3,859. 5
P enn sylvan ia_______
110.9
2, 959.4
527.1
465.2
3,767. 2
282.3
283. 7
282.9
297.9
301.2
303.4
279.9
279.3
284.8
297.1
302.5
Rhode I s la n d ..______ .- 290.0
285.1
282.0
512.6
509.4
533.2
511.5
505.1
500.4
505.4
506.0
509.7
511.6
526. 5
526.2
528.8
532.5
South Carolina 2____
115.4
121.6
121.9
119.6
118.9
116.0
115.9
122.0
123.2
124.6
124.3
120.9
South Dakota 2- . . . . . . .
123.3
122.9
817.4
819.2
829.9
807.5
816. 2
815.5
812.0
820.6
845.0
828.7
839.8
839.6
818.6
Tennessee ________ . . . 826.4
Texas---- ----------------------- 2, 260. 8 2, 248.3 2,242.3 2,245. 2 2, 223.0 2,220.6 2, 209. 5 2,207.1 2,216. 8 2,277. 9 2,251. 8 2, 247. 7 2,248.1 2,242.0
303.7
532.4
118.8
805.3
2, 201. 6
218.1
101.6
870.4
763.2
470.0
210.3
102.2
859.9
726.8
467.4
207.7
101. 3
856.3
725.5
464.0
205.6
102.4
859.6
747.5
469.6
205.2
100.1
859.3
741.1
471.6
203.7
100.9
857. 9
731.3
473.9
201.9
100.0
853.0
720. 4
477.9
Wisconsin..................... . . . 1,074. 6 1,066.1 1,075.4 1,055. 3 1,045. 5 1,042. 0 1,036. 8 1,042.8 1,050. 7 1, 085. 2 1,085. 9 1,099. 4 1,110. 2 1,092.3
W yom ing2 ___________ _
83.2
79.7
78.8
81.2
88.6
87.8
89.6
88.7
87.6
79.6
86.3
90.6
92.0
87.5
1,076. 2
85.9
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
99.9
855. 4
707.6
481.1
203.6
100.0
862.9
706.5
486.8
215.9
103.9
895.7
742.5
506.3
220.9
105.8
902.7
758.6
507.8
226. 5
106.5
902.0
766.0
509.3
214.0
99.6
891.3
733.0
520.5
1 D ata for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also m ake a vail
able more detailed industry data. See table A -7 for addresses of cooperating
State agencies.
201.0
215.3
104.3
902.9
740.9
508.3
216.5
103.7
895.0
738.3
507.3
Utah__________ ________
Vermont________ - . . . .
Virginia. _____ - ______
_
___
Washington___
West Virginia___ . . .
2 R evised series; n ot com parable w ith data previously published.
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T a ble
1387
A -7: Employees in manufacturing industries, by State 1
[In thousands]
1954
1953
A nn u al average
State
Sept.
A ug.
Ju ly
June
M ay
Apr.
M ar.
F eb .
Jan.
D ec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
1953
1952
222.3
A labam a___________________ 226.8
224.1
220.9
223.7
226.9
228.5
229.8
231.2
233.6
234.2
228.5
237.5
236.9
A riz o n a 2- — ----------------26.2
26.7
26.9
26.4
26.2
26.1
25.2
25.5
26.0
26.7
27.9
25.7
25.6
26.4
78.8
77.3
A rkansas- ________ ______
77.5
79.2
80.6
82.6
83.0
84.0
80.4
80.5
79.8
79.9
82.7
83.1
California________________ - 1,085.8 1,083.0 1,037.1 1,022. 3 1, 020. 7 1,019.9 1,018.4 1,019.2 1, 022 .6 1,032.1 1,050.0 1,105. 5 1,125.8 1,063. 7
Colorado 2— ------------------66.2
64.1
62.8
62.8
61.1
61.1
70.4
68.0
60.9
61.8
62.7
66.5
69.5
72.1
226.4
27.7
82.2
993.6
67.2
C o n n ecticu t. __________ _
D elaw are ________________
D istrict of C olum bia ____
F lo rid a _ - - ---------------------Georgia___________________
455.8
62.1
17.3
121.4
316.0
433.0
59.2
17.3
115.0
308.2
I d a h o 2 _________ ____ _
28.0
27.4
26.1
24.6
22.9
20.0
22.1
25.0
28.8
23.7
2 0. 6
19.7
19.2
26.8
Illin o is_______________ ___ 1,211.7 1, 201.0 1,180. 8 1, 211.2 1,207.2 1, 220.0 1,235.0 1,243.9 1,253. 6 1,269. 9 1, 302.2 1,321.4 1,338. 3 1,326.1
In d ia n a -----------------------------576.7
550.3
554.1
567.5
571.2
674.2
621.3
636.6
650.6
693.4
583.1
595.1
610.3
659.7
Iowa 2--------------------------------162.1
163.4
159.8
161.2
158.4
172.5
160.6
172.1
159.0
159.7
159.7
164.5
167.7
169.6
K ansas 2________ _________
131.6
131.9
131.9
132.7
131.2
137.9
130.2
129.3
129.9
133.9
131.7
131.3
131.3
131.5
23.3
1,255.8
618.1
171.0
135.7
408.0
58.8
16.4
118.0
310.4
407.0
60.0
16.1
115.6
305.9
401.1
56.4
16.1
114.9
296.1
414.2
57.8
16.3
120.0
303.5
416.3
57.3
16.3
123.2
304.4
424.4
56.7
15.9
128.1
306.8
430.3
57.5
16.8
128.0
307.8
438.2
57.9
16.9
130.3
307.3
444.0
57.7
17.2
130.0
307.3
451.8
58.4
17.3
127.4
311.8
452.8
59.1
17.4
124.7
315.0
451.9
61.2
17.4
117.0
316.4
454.1
65.8
17.6
114.8
319.0
K e n t u c k y 2- _____
Louisiana - ___ ________
M a in e . -------------- -- --------M arylan d — __________
M assa ch u setts--------------------
151.8
158.2
105.5
253.6
661.7
150.4
156.8
109.6
259.1
664.2
159.5
162.1
114.1
268.9
737.9
148.3
150.4
115.5
257.3
721.9
M ich ig a n __________________
M in n eso ta _________________
M ississip p i - __________
M issou ri______ __ . _____
M on tan a
-------------- -------
945.4
93.9
369.3
16.0
991.6 1,009. 5 1, 044.3 1, 051.2 1, 073.4 1,088. 9 1,102. 9 1,129.4 1,168.3 1,158.3 1,173. 0 1,183.8 1,219.4
215.9
215.6
207.8
206.3
225.4
233.6
208.1
212.4
219.5
222.5
224.7
215.8
227.1
93.6
92.6
92.9
91.8
97.7
92.9
91.4
94.9
96.2
97.9
93.5
92.1
97.8
373.7
376.0
377.7
414.3
379.2
401.1
403.9
403.3
391.9
413.3
419.1
386.7
397.4
19.0
19.2
18.7
17.2
18.4
16.6
18.0
19.1
16.4
16.2
16.3
19.9
19.7
1,096.9
213.9
95.3
389.8
18.0
N eb ra sk a____________ _____
N evad a 2 _________________
N e w H am pshire 2 ___ ____
N e w Jersey_________ ______
N e w M exico 2____________
58.7
4.4
78.9
777.9
16.6
58.5
4.4
79.7
771.6
16.4
222.8
147.3
153. 6
107.5
252.6
654.1
59.0
4.3
78.1
762.2
16.4
149.5
155.2
108.2
250.8
665.4
59.8
4.2
78.9
771.2
16.2
147.2
154.0
102.6
247.0
663.0
58.4
4.0
77.1
767. 5
15.9
147.9
153.9
97.9
247.6
674.0
150.7
154.3
100.6
249.1
687.5
153.3
158.8
103.4
251.4
692.6
157.2
160.7
104.5
254.9
696.5
160.9
166.5
105.2
258.9
712.9
156.2
172.7
108.0
261.7
724.0
159.3
171.3
112.0
270.9
734.1
161.2
165.6
117.9
279.4
734.5
61.3
4.4
82.4
844.8
16.4
59.6
4.2
81.2
822.8
15.6
N e w Y o rk ______________ . . 1,876. 7 1,862.3 1,815.4 1,832.3 1,838. 7 1,879.3 1,937.1 1,942. 7 1, 947. 6 1,994. 9 2,018.7 2,047.8 2,030.2 2,016. 6
N o rth C a rolin a-. ________
444.8
437.1
422.2
423.5
421.3
449.4
427.0
431.0
437.0
447.9
460.3
433.9
450.5
454.9
N o rth D akota
- _______
6.6
6.7
6.7
6 .6
6.3
6.3
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.5
6 .6
6.4
O hio_______________________ 1,272.7 1,245. 4 1,239.0 1, 283. 0 1,284. 7 1,301.0 1,323.5 1, 340.2 1, 356. 6 1,370.0 1, 376. 3 1,412.7 1,438.9 1,421.4
_______ _
Oklahom a _
82.3
82.9
83.9
82.8
82.6
84.0
83.3
85.3
84.8
83.4
83.8
85.5
86 .6
86.5
1,955.4
435.0
6.4
1,335.2
80.2
Oregon 2_______ . ________
156.5
133.3
119.8
140.7
136.8
131.6
127.3
121.8
128.6
158.4
143.5
120.3
137.9
147.2
P e n n s y lv a n ia __________
1,426.1 1,420. 5 1, 422. 9 1, 428. 6 1, 436.8 1,468. 6 1,496.4 1, 512. 6 1, 529. 5 1, 560.1 1, 585.1 1, 610. 4 1,624.0 1, 619.3
R hode Isla n d ______________
128.7
127.3
122.9
124.8
122.8
130.4
124.7
131.5
136.4
138.7
145. 6
128.3
146.0
143.3
South C arolina 2___ ___
219.4
220.6
213.5
216.4
216.2
218.5
218.8
218.4
219.4
222.9
221.5
225.7
224.6
228.0
South D a k ota 2______
11.9
12.0
12.0
11.9
11.5
11.2
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.7
12.3
12.4
12.0
12.1
145.5
1, 531. 0
144.9
57.1
4.1
78.2
779.1
15.7
57.8
4.2
80.2
800.9
15.6
58.1
4.3
80.4
804.0
15.5
58.9
4.3
80.6
806.3
15.4
61.2
4.5
80.2
818.4
15.8
62.2
4.5
80.0
826.9
16.1
62.4
4.6
80.4
840.0
16.4
T en n essee—.............. - _____
T e x a s ___ ____________ ____
U ta h _____
-_ _________
V e r m o n t _______ - _______
V irginia___________________
277.0
428.4
35.7
36.6
244.0
275.2
427.8
31.7
36.7
241.4
273.3
426.0
32.3
36.0
236.7
272.4
425.0
30.2
37.5
236.9
272.9
421.7
29.8
36.9
236.4
273.9
421.7
29.4
38.6
235.2
275.6
423.3
29.3
38.6
237.4
275.4
423.5
29.1
38.7
241.1
280.9
428.2
29.5
38.3
244.7
284.1
429.4
31.4
39.3
250.9
287.2
434.5
33.2
40.1
252.4
292.0
434.0
35.6
41.2
258.5
W ashin gton ________
W est V irginia______________
W isconsin
W y o m in g 2 . . . ___
208.0
125.7
437.5
7.0
177.6
125.6
437.4
176.7
446.5
200.5
125.7
427.6
196.8
124.7
424.4
193.0
124.7
426.4
191.0
126.7
434.2
6.8
6.6
6 .1
6.0
195.5
135.0
454.6
7.4
206.5
136.2
463.8
6.2
183.8
130.7
442.3
6 .3
189.2
133.9
446.4
6. 8
187.0
128.3
439.5
5.9
122.8
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
more detailed industry data.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6.8
7.7
61.5
4.6
82.4
853.9
16.8
220.1
12 .0
296.4
439.8
38.0
41.5
260.7
291.4
437.8
32.4
40.5
255.9
274.9
424.3
30.8
38.3
248.6
211.2
195.3
136.0
472.2
191. 6
134.6
466.7
6.6
6.3
137.3
478.0
7.1
^Revised series; not comparable with data previously published.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1388
T a ble
C o o p e r a t in g
A
A
A
C
C
C
D
D
A-7: Employees in manufacturing industries, by States—Continued
S t a t e A g e n c ie s
—D ep artm en t o f Industrial R elations, M ontgom ery 5.
U n em p loym en t C om pensation D ivision , E m p loym en t Security
C om m ission, Phoenix.
r k a n s a s —E m p loym en t Security D iv isio n , D ep artm en t of Labor, L ittle
R ock.
a l i f o r n i a — D iv isio n of Labor S tatistics and Research, D ep artm en t of
Industrial R elations, San Francisco 1.
o l o r a d o — U . S. B ureau of Labor S tatistics, D en ver 2.
o n n e c t i c u t —E m p loym en t Security
D iv isio n , D ep artm en t of Labor,
H artford 15.
e l a w a r e —Federal R eserve B an k of Ph iladelp h ia, Ph iladelp h ia 1, P en n
sylvan ia.
i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a — U . S. E m p loym en t Service for D . C., W ashington
l a b a m a
rizona
—
25.
F l o r i d a —Industrial C om m ission, Tallahassee.
G e o r g i a —E m p loym en t Security A gen cy, D ep artm en t of Labor, A tlan ta 3.
Id a h o — E m p loym en t Security A gen cy, Boise.
Il l i n o i s — State E m p loym en t Service and D iv isio n of U n em ploym en t C om
p ensation, D ep artm en t of Labor, C hicago 54.
I n d i a n a — E m p loym en t Security D iv isio n , Indianapolis 9.
I o w a — E m p loym en t Security C om m ission, D es M oines 8.
K a n s a s — E m p loym en t Security D iv isio n , D ep artm en t of Labor, Topeka.
K e n t u c k y — Bureau of E m p loym en t Security, D ep artm en t of E conom ic
L
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
S ecurity, Frankfort.
— D iv isio n of E m p loym en t Security, D ep artm en t of Labor, B aton
R ouge 4.
a i n e —E m p loym en t Security C om m ission, Augusta.
a r y l a n d — D ep artm en t of E m p loym en t Security, Baltim ore 1.
a s s a c h u s e t t s —D iv isio n of S tatistics, D ep artm en t of Labor and In
dustries, B oston 8 .
i c h i g a n — E m p loym en t Security C om m ission, D etroit 2.
i n n e s o t a — D ep artm en t of E m p loym en t Security, St. P au l 1.
i s s i s s i p p i —E m p loym en t Security C om m ission, Jackson.
i s s o u r i —D iv isio n of E m p loym en t Security, Jefferson C ity.
o n t a n a —U n em ploym en t C om pensation C om m ission, H elena.
ouisiana
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
— D iv isio n of E m p lo y m en t Security, D ep artm en t of Labor,
Lincoln 1.
— E m p lo y m en t Security D ep artm en t, Carson C ity.
e w H a m p s h i r e — D iv isio n of E m p lo y m en t Security, D epartm ent of Labor,
Concord.
N e w J e r s e y — B ureau of Statistics and Records, D ep artm en t of Labor and
Ind u stry, T renton 10.
N e w M e x i c o — E m p lo y m en t Security C om m ission, A lbuquerque.
N e w Y o r k — B ureau of Research and Statistics, D iv isio n of E m p loym en t,
State D ep artm en t of Labor, 1440 B roadw ay, N e w Y ork 18.
N o r t h C a r o l i n a — D iv isio n of S tatistics, D ep artm en t of Labor, R aleigh.
N o r t h D a k o t a —U n em ploym en t C om pensation D iv isio n , W orkm en’s
C om pensation Bureau, B ism arck.
O h i o —B ureau of U nem ploym en t C om pensation, C olum bus 1C.
O k l a h o m a — E m p lo y m en t Security C om m ission, Oklahom a C ity 2.
O r e g o n —U n em ploym en t C om pensation C om m ission, Salem .
P e n n s y l v a n i a — Federal R eserve B an k of P hiladelphia, Ph iladelp h ia 1
(m fg.); B ureau of Research and Inform ation, D ep artm en t of Labor and
in d u stry , Harrisburg (nonm fg.).
R h o d e Is l a n d — D iv isio n of Statistics and Census, D ep artm en t of Labor,
Providence 3.
S o u t h C a r o l i n a —E m p lo y m en t Security C om m ission, C olum bia 1.
S o u t h D a k o t a — E m p lo y m en t Security D ep artm en t. Aberdeen.
T e n n e s s e e — D ep artm en t of E m p lo y m en t S ecurity, N a sh v ille 3.
T e x a s — E m p lo y m en t C om m ission, A ustin 19.
U t a h —D ep artm en t of E m p lo y m en t S ecurity, Industrial C om m ission, Salt
Lake C ity 10.
V e r m o n t —U n em p lo y m en t C om pensation C om m ission, M ontpelier.
V i r g i n i a —D iv isio n of Research and S tatistics, D ep artm en t of Labor and
Ind u stry, R ichm ond 14.
W a s h i n g t o n —E m p lo y m en t Security D ep artm en t, O lym pia.
W e s t V i r g i n i a — D ep artm en t of E m p lo y m en t Security, C harleston 5.
W i s c o n s i n — Statistical D ep artm en t, Industrial C om m ission, M adison 3.
W y o m i n g —E m p lo y m en t S ecurity C om m ission, Casper.
N
e b r a s k a
N
N
e v a d a
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T
able
A -8 :
1389
Insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance programs,1 by geographic
division and State
[In thousands]
1954
1952
1953
Geographic division and State
Sept.
A ug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
M ar.
Feb.
Jan.
D ec.
N ov.
C ontinental U n ited S tates__________ 1,580.4 1,691.7 1,861.9 1,924.0 2,070. 4 2,181.6 2,174. 8 2,169.3 2,033. 8 1, 508.9 1,115.1
Oct.
Sept.
Sept.
840.0
779.4
687.1
N ew E n g la n d ................................... ..
M a in e__________________ _______
N ew H am p shire............................. ..
V erm o n t. _____________________
M assach usetts_______ ____ _____
R hode Islan d ________ _________
C on n ecticu t____________________
128.9
8.3
10.8
2.9
60.8
19.0
27.1
130.6
9.2
9.2
2.9
58.5
18.7
32.1
143.5
9.9
9.5
2.9
64.7
21.2
35.3
147.7
11.1
10.6
3.6
68.6
22.1
31.7
168.3
16.6
13.7
4.3
75.2
26.7
31.8
172.8
18.1
12.3
3.5
78.4
28.3
32.2
160.9
13.7
9.7
3.4
76.1
28.0
30.0
161.2
14.4
9.4
3.6
78.3
27.2
28.3
153.8
14.9
10.2
3.8
75.7
24.5
24.7
118.7
13.5
9.3
2.7
60.3
17.3
15.6
91.6
10.1
8.8
1.5
45.9
13.6
11.7
73.1
7.4
8.4
1.0
36.8
10.7
8.8
66.1
5.3
7.2
1.2
34.5
9.3
8.6
72.5
4.1
6.0
2.1
39.1
11.2
10.0
M id d le A tlan tic______________ ____ _
N ew Y ork ______________________
N ew Jersey_____________________
P en n sy lvan ia __________________
459.1
184.5
69.7
204.9
494.5
196.2
76.3
222.0
575.9
254.7
86.6
234.6
609.7
279.3
89.1
241.3
623.2
275.8
94.9
252.5
622.0
277.3
91.9
252.8
589. 4
261. 7
87.9
239.8
575.6
264.5
89.0
222.1
563.9
265.1
91.0
207.8
430.1
209.9
65.8
154.4
331.3
168.9
50.0
112.4
246.2
120.1
37.2
88.9
251.2
127.2
38.3
85.7
217.8
107.4
31.8
78.6
E ast N orth C entral_______________ _
O hio___________________________
Ind iana________________________
Illin o is___ ____ ________________
M ich igan ___ ______ ____________
W iscon sin ______ _______________
424.1
87.2
40.9
113.0
159.1
23.9
428.9
91.7
50.0
133.9
131.0
22.3
431.9
95.0
48.4
148.1
115.6
24.8
426.4
97.3
51.0
161.4
89.2
27.5
465.7
105. 3
56.8
168.0
103.9
31.7
486.7
113.5
64.1
153.3
118.9
36.9
480.4
116.2
67.0
124.5
129.9
42.8
472.3
109.3
65.8
126.9
127.8
42.5
426.1
99.0
60.4
117.8
107.0
41.9
318.1
72.2
40.7
86.2
83. 3
35.7
233.2
50.2
28.4
60.4
69.4
24.8
179.3
33.7
20.9
52.0
56.0
16.7
152.4
25.2
14.7
43.3
52.4
16.8
127.2
23.6
12.4
52.3
29.6
9.3
W est N orth C entral________________
M in n esota _____________________
Towa___________________________
M issou ri___________ ___________
N orth D ak ota __________________
South D a k o ta __________________
N ebraska_____________ ____ ____
K an sas.................. ............. ....... .........
69.1
15.4
5.3
38.6
77.5
20.0
7.3
38.9
.4
.5
2.8
7.6
84.2
23.0
8.1
41.2
.4
2.0
7.1
71.9
18.0
6.5
36.5
.3
.5
2.6
7.5
.5
2.9
7.9
103.0
31.6
9.6
46.6
1.3
.9
3.8
9.2
123.1
40.4
12.1
47.6
3.6
1.9
5.6
11.9
130.3
41.1
15.6
43.2
5.1
3.0
7.7
14.6
127.8
35.3
17.1
42.0
5.4
3.3
8.9
15.8
119.7
33.5
16.2
40.2
4.2
2.7
7.6
15.3
81.9
19.8
10.1
32.9
2.4
1.4
4.3
11.0
56.0
9.8
6.2
28.8
.8
.4
1.9
8.1
39.8
6.2
4.3
21.6
.2
.2
1.1
6.2
32.3
5.8
3.7
16.4
.2
.2
25.1
5.1
6.0
10.9
.2
.2
1.0
.7
5.0
2.0
South A tla n tic. ___________________
D elaw are____ _______ __________
M a ry la n d .. . .
_____________
D istrict of C olu m bia___________
V irginia___________ ____ _______
W est V ir g in ia .._____ __________
N orth C arolina........................ .......
South C arolina................ ....... .........
Georgia_________________________
F lo rid a ._______ ________________
176.0
3.0
24.5
4.3
15.4
33.2
32.1
14.9
24.8
23.8
205.2
3.4
28.6
4.9
20.1
36.7
38.3
17.1
30.1
26.0
236.1
3.0
31.8
5.1
26.5
40.1
51.5
19.7
34.0
24.4
237.7
2.8
32.3
5.2
30.5
43.3
52.3
18.9
34.2
18.2
241.6
3.3
33.6
5.6
23.8
46.6
58.8
20.7
33.8
15.4
237.9
4.0
32.0
6.6
21.6
47.2
59.1
21.0
32.8
13.6
224.9
4.5
26.8
7.6
23.0
41.4
54.5
20.8
31.9
14.4
221.5
4.6
27.5
7.5
22.4
36.3
54.1
21.1
33.7
14.3
213.6
4.0
24.8
6.3
21.6
32.5
54.6
22.4
34.0
13.4
148.2
3.0
16.5
4.4
14.3
20. 5
36.6
15.9
25.2
11.8
113.9
2.4
12.6
3.4
10.3
15.4
28.9
12.6
17.0
11.3
93.8
1.6
8.6
2.7
8.0
12.3
22.4
10.3
12.7
15.2
91.7
1.2
8.2
2.6
8.4
12.4
21.3
9.3
11.9
16.4
79.3
.7
7.2
1.7
6.0
11.9
17.1
6.9
10.6
17.2
E ast South C entral_________________
K e n t u c k y ..____ _______________
T en n essee______________________
A la b a m a .................................... .
M ississip p i_________ _______ ___
110. 3
37.2
37.7
24.6
10.8
127.7
42.9
42.1
29.0
13.7
141.9
44.6
48.7
31.3
17.3
150.5
49.2
52.1
31.7
17.5
156.9
53.9
54.9
30.3
17.8
159.8
52.8
57.0
31.6
18.4
154.4
49.7
54.9
30.4
19.4
151. 5
45.3
56.3
28.9
21.0
139.7
40.3
52.6
26.9
19.9
103.2
30.9
36.9
21.3
14.1
77.4
23.0
28.8
16.5
9.1
59.7
19.3
21.2
12.4
6.8
52.5
14.9
19.3
12.2
6.1
54.2
14.8
19.1
14.2
6.1
W est South C en tral________________
A rkansas_____ _____ ________ _
L ou isian a______________________
O klahom a______________________
T exas__________ _______________
62.1
10.7
16.2
10.9
24.3
71.8
13.3
19.2
12.2
27.1
79.0
15.1
22.0
12.4
29.5
83.8
15.3
22.4
13.1
33.0
93.5
18.3
23.1
14.9
37.2
101.9
20.4
24.4
16.2
40.9
106.5
20.5
26.0
17.7
42.3
107.9
22.1
25.0
18.8
42.0
94.1
19.8
22.2
17.0
35.1
64.8
13.1
13.9
12.4
25.4
47.2
9.2
9.4
9.3
19.3
38.5
7.3
7.8
7.0
16.4
37.3
5.7
8.8
6.0
16.8
29.6
4.4
10.2
5.7
9.3
M o u n ta in _______ ____ _____________
M o n ta n a _______________________
Idaho_______________ __________
W yom in g _________________ . . .
C o lo r a d o .______________________
N ew M e x ic o ._______ „ ...........
A rizona__________ ________ ____
U t a h . . . ____ ____________ ______
N ev a d a _________ _______________
20.0
2.2
1.9
.6
2.6
2.8
5.1
3.3
1.5
21.5
1.3
2.1
.8
3.1
3.5
5.1
4.1
1.5
23.7
1.4
33.3' ^
3.3
3.8
2.1
5.5
4.8
5.9
6.0
1.9
47.4
5.9
6.7
3.1
8.0
5.9
6.7
7.8
3.3
57.7
7.2
9.7
3.9
10.1
6.5
7.0
9.6
3.7
60.0
8.4
11.8
3.7
9.2
6.5
6.5
10.0
3.9
51.6
6.9
11.0
2.2
7.8
5.7
6.0
8.7
3.3
33.9
3.2
7.9
1.1
5.0
4.4
4.6
5.2
2.5
19.5
1.3
3.8
.4
3.1
2.8
3.8
2.7
1.6
12.8
.7
1.5
.2
1.8
2.4
3.4
1.7
11.0
.6
1.2
6.1
.4
1.3
3.8
3.9
5.2
4.4
1.5
25.7
2.0
2.5
1.2
3.8
4.1
5.5
4.9
1.7
.2
.1
.6
.8
1.8
1.1
.7
.6
139.6
25.9
14.4
99.3
152.1
23.0
15.8
113.3
158.0
18.2
11.8
128.0
270.6
47.6
32.5
190.5
291.5
63.4
42.3
185.8
271.3
66.1
43.9
161.3
209.9
49.4
36.2
124.3
144.9
34.9
23.8
86.2
95.6
85.0
16.9
9.6
58.5
75.2
12.8
6.9
Pacific ____________________________
W a sh in g to n .____ ______________
Oregon. .......................... ...................
California______________________
.3
130.6
24.9
13.1
92.6
2 .2
.6
185.2
23.7
15.0
146.5
i A verage of w eek ly data adjusted for sp lit w eeks in the m onth. For a
technical description of this series, see th e A pril 1950 M on th ly Labor R eview
(p. 382). Figures m ay not add to exact colum n totals because of rounding.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
229.9
33.9
22.9
173.1
1. 1
22.2
13.0
61.4
1. 5
2.0
3.3
1.5
.7
55.5
Source: U . S. D ep artm en t of Labor, Bureau of E m p lo y m en t Security.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1390
B: Labor Turnover
T
able
B -l:
M o n t h l y la b o r t u r n o v e r r a t e s (p e r 1 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ) i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , b y c l a s s o f
tu r n o v e r 1
Class of turnover and year
Jan.
Mar,
Feb
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct,
Nov,
D ec.
T o ta l separation!
3.2
4.9
4.3
4.6
3.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
19391947.
1948.
194919501951.
1952.
1953.
1954-
2 .6
4.5
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
3.1
4.9
4.5
4.8
2.9
4. 1
3.7
4.1
3.7
3.5
5.2
4.7
4.8
2 .8
4.6
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.5
5.4
4.3
5.2
3.1
4.8
3.9
4.4
3.3
3.3
4.7
4.5
4.3
3.0
4.3
3.9
4.2
3.1
3.3
4.6
4.4
3.8
2.9
4.4
5.0
4.3
3.1
3.0
5.3
5.1
4.0
4.2
5.3
4.6
4.8
3.5
0.
3.1
2.9
1.4
0.87
1.1
4.0
3.4
4.5
3.9
.1.8
1. 1
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
1.4
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.1
11.8
2.8
5.9
5.4
4.2
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.2
3 4.0
2.9
5.0
4.5
4.1
4.3
4.7
4.2
4.5
3.0
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.5
4.2
3 .5
3.7
4 .3
3 .2
3 .6
3.5
3.4
4.0
0.9
3.6
0.8
0 .7
2 .3
1.7
.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
Q uit
0.9
1939 3
19471948194919501951195219531954-
3.5
2.6
1.7
1.1
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.1
0.6
3.2
2.5
1.4
1.0
2.1
1.9
2.2
1.0
0.8
3.5
2.8
1.6
1.2
2.0
2.5
2.5
1.0
0.8
3.7
3.0
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.2
2.7
1.1
0.7
3.5
2.8
1.6
1.6
2.8
2.2
2.7
1.0
0 .7
3.1
2.9
1.5
1.7
2.5
2.2
2.6
1.1
2.4
2.2
2.5
1.8
2.1
2.8
1.5
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.2
1.2
2.1
1.9
2.8
2.1
2.1
1.5
1.1
0.1
D ischarge
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
________________________________
_____________________________
__________________________________
________________________________
___________ ____ _________________
0 .1
0.1
0.1
0. 1
0. 1
0.1
0 .1
0 .1
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
0.1
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
0.2
0.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
1939
__________________________________
1947
__________________________________
1948
__________________________________
1949
________________________________
1950_____________________________________
195Ì
__________________________________
______________________ ____ 1952
1953
. _____________________________
1954 _____________________________________
1.8
2 .0
.8
1939
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
3. 2
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.6
1.0
1.2
2 .8
1.2
1.0
2.7
1.4
2.5
2.5
1.0
1.0
2.1
.6
2.1
.8
1.2
1.8
.6
1.6
1.1
1.1
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
L ayoff
.9
.8
.9
1.2
1.7
2.3
1.7
1.2
2. 8
1.0
.8
1.4
.9
1.3
.8
1.1
.8
2.5
1.7
2 .8
.8
2.2
1.4
2.3
1.3
.9
2.4
1.1
3.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.9
2.5
.9
1.0
1.1
.9
1.7
1.3
1.4
2.2
1.1
1.6
1.0
1.3
1.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.8
1.2
.7
1.3
.7
1.5
3 1.7
2.3
1.4
2.5
.8
2.2
2.0
1.1
1.4
.7
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.7
.7
2.3
1.0
2.5
M iscellaneous, in clud in g m ilitary
1947____ ____ ____________________________
1948.
__________________________________
1949_____________________________________
1950_____________________________________
1951_____________________________________
1952_____________________________________
1953_____________________________________
1954. ___________________________________
0 .1
.1
.1
.1
.7
.4
.4
.3
0.1
.1
.1
.1
0. 1
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
0. 1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.4
.5
.3
.3
.5
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0 .1
.1
.1
.1
.6
0.1
.1
.1
0.1
.1
.1
0.1
.1
.1
0 .1
.1
1
0.1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.3
.3
S. 2
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
5.1
5.3
5.0
4.4
6.2
5.9
5.5
4.5
3.7
5.2
4.4
5.2
3.3
4.1
4.8
3.9
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.7
2.8
.1
.1
.2
T o ta l accession
1939
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
4.1
6. 0
4.6
3.2
3.6
5.2
4.4
4.4
2.8
3.1
5.0
3.9
2.9
3.2
4.5
3.9
4.2
2.5
3.3
5.1
4.0
3.0
3.6
4.6
3.9
4.4
2.8
* Month-to-montb changes in total employment in manufacturing indus
tries as indicated by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes
shown by the Bureau’s employment and payroll reports, for the following
reasons:
(1) Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month;
the employment and payroll reports, for the most part, refer to a 1-week pay
period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
(2) The turnover sample is not so large as that of the employment and
payroll sample and includes proportionately fewer small plants; certain
Industries are not covered. The major industries excluded are: printing,
publishing, and allied industries; canning and preserving fruits, vegetables,
and seafoods; women’s, misses’, and children’s outerwear; and fertilizers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2.9
5.1
4.0
2.9
3.5
4.5
3.7
4.3
2.4
3.3
4.8
4.1
3.5
4.4
4.5
3.9
4.1
2.7
3.9
5.5
5.7
4.4
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.1
3.5
4 .2
4.9
4.7
3.5
4.7
4.2
4.4
4.1
2.9
6.6
4.5
5.9
4.3
3.3
5.9
5.1
4.1
5.7
4.3
5.6
4.0
2 3.5
3.6
2.7
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.1
(3)
Plants are not included in the turnover computations in months when
work stoppages are in progress; the influence of such stoppage is reflected,
however, in the employment and payroll figures. Prior to 1943, rates relate
to production workers only.
3 Preliminary.
5 Prior to 1940, miscellaneous separations were included with quits.
fBeginning with data for October 1952, components may not add to total
because of rounding.
N ote : Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is
given in a technical note on Measurement of Labor Turn
over, whichappearedin the May 1953 Monthly Labor Review.
B : LABOR TURNOVER
T
able
1391
B - 2 : M o n t h l y la b o r t u r n o v e r r a t e s (p e r 1 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ) in s e l e c t e d g r o u p s a n d i n d u s t r i e s 1
Separation
Industry group and Industry
Quit
Total
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Discharge
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Total accession
Mise. incl.
military
Layoff
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Manufacturing
All manufacturing_____________________
Durable goods *... _________________
Nondurable goods *________________
Ordnance and accessories_______________
Food and kindred products_____________
Meat products_______ ____________
Grain-mill produ cts........... ................ .
Bakery products________ ___ _______
Beverages:
Malt liquors......................................
Tobacco manufactures...................................
Cigarettes.............................. ............
Cigars _________________ _______ _
Tobacco and snuff...... ............................
Textile-mill products___ __________ .
Yam and thread mills ...........................
Broad-woven fabric mills___________
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber_____
Woolen and w orsted .......................
Knitting m ills............... ..........................
Full-fashioned h o sie r y .......... .........
Seamless hosiery..............................
Knit underwear______ ____ _____
Dyeing and finishing textiles________
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings__
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts__ ___ __________________________
Men's and boys’ suits and coats_____
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing_________ ____ __________
Lumber and wood products (except fur
niture)_______ _____ _____________
Logging camps and contractors______
Sawmills and planing mills_________
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products....................
Furniture and fixtures____ _____________
Household furniture....................... .........
Other furniture and fixtures..................
Paper and allied products..........................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills___
Paperboard containers and boxes____
Chemicals and allied products__________
Industrial inorganic chemicals..............
Industrial organic chemicals..................
Synthetic fib ers__________ _____
Drugs and medicines_______________
Paints, pigments, and fillers..................
Products of petroleum and coal....................
Petroleum refining_________ _____ _
Rubber products..............................................
Tires and inner tubes___ ____ _______
Rubber footwear__________________
Other rubber p rodu cts..........................
Leather and leather products_______ _
Leather_____ _____ _______
Footwear (except rubber1) ....
Stone, clay, and glass products....................
Glass and glass products____________
Cement, hydraulic________ ____
Structural clay products..............
Pottery and related products...............
Primary metal industries.................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
m ills ...................................
Iron and steel foundries_____________
Gray-iron foundries......................
Malleable-iron foundries..................
Steel foundries____________
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals:
Primary smelting and refining of
copper, lead, and zinc_________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
c o p p e r ...____________________
Nonferrous foundries..............................
Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings.................. .
See footnotesFat end of table
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.0
4.1
3. S
4.5
5.4
5.8
4.0
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.5
4.8
4.8
3.6
3.3
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.5
2.1
1.5
2.5
2.2
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.0
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.5
.3
0.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.5
.5
1.7
2.0
1.4
2.7
2.9
3.9
.9
1.2
1.7
1.9
1.3
2.2
2.7
3.0
1.5
.7
0.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
0.3
.3
.2
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
3.5
3.7
3.2
2.1
4.2
5.3
2.5
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.5
4.4
5.3
3.3
3.3
7.0
2.5
3.1
2.1
1.8
3.6
4.5
3.7
3.3
7.3
3.9
3.0
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.8
7.6
1.9
1.8
2.1
1.6
3.4
3.8
3.2
2.9
6.5
3.4
2.9
2.9
3.8
2.5
3.2
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.6
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
1.1
1.0
.9
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.0
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.5
1.7
2.4
1.1
.9
.1
.2
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.5
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
.8
.3
.5
.2
.1
.2
.1
4.9
.4
1.0
.1
.1
1.4
2.3
1.2
.8
5.0
1.3
.4
1.0
.9
1.5
2.3
6.5
.2
.2
.2
.1
1.3
1.8
1.0
.8
4.1
1.1
.9
.7
1.2
1.0
2.0
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.1
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.3
.1
.3
.2
2.1
2.5
1.6
3.5
1.0
3.2
3.7
3.2
3.0
5.1
3.5
2.4
5.4
2.8
2.5
3.6
2.0
2.8
2.0
3.7
1.4
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.9
3.5
2.2
4.1
3.4
3.0
3.6
4.2
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.1
1.7
2.7
1.9
.2
.2
.2
.1
.8
1.1
.6
1.0
.1
.2
.1
.1
4.1
2.1
4.4
2.6
4.4
3.7
3.3
3.0
.1
.2
.8
.5
.1
.1
3.8
4.6
5.3
5.9
5.3
in
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.6
3.7
3.1
4.3
2.4
3.0
2.1
2.1
1.5
2.3
2.0
1.7
3.3
3.0
2.7
3.8
4.0
4.7
3.8
2.5
2.7
2.0
3.2
2.3
2.7
4.8
7.1
4.3
3.8
5.0
4.0
2.9
5.7
2.7
.3
.3
.2
.3
.5
.3
.9
.4
.8
1.3
.8
1.1
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
5.7
9.2
5.1
5.3
8.6
4.3
2.7
3.2
3.3
2.9
3.1
2.0
3.0
1.7
2.0
1.9
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.0
2.4
1.4
2.6
3.2
3.6
4.8
3.3
2.6
3.1
1.8
2.8
3.3
2.6
3.0
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.7
1.4
2.0
.9
.5
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
2.1
1.4
2.6
1.2
2.8
1.1
.8
1.4
1.8
1.5
.9
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.1
2.1
.8
.9
.6
.3
.9
1.0
.7
.5
1.1
.6
1.9
1.3
2.0
.9
2.2
1.0
.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
.7
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.1
.5
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.4
.4
.3
.2
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.3
.2
.2
.1
.4
.9
.9
.7
1.0
.6
.9
.6
.5
.9
1.3
.1
.3
.3
.3
1.5
1.4
.2
1.9
1.1
3.1
.7
1.0
1.6
.3
.9
.6
1.4
.5
.7
.8
.6
1.1
.3
.3
.6
.6
1.1
1.9
.1
.1
.2
.2
1.0
.5
.4
1.5
1.2
3.6
.8
1.2
1.8
(*)
1.2
1.6
1.6
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1
.3
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.3
.4
.2
.1
.2
4.4
4.8
5.5
3.0
2.7
1.6
4.2
1.8
1.9
1.2
1.5
.7
1.5
.9
.4
3.8
3.0
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.3
3.0
2.6
3.9
1.1
2.7
2.0
2.3
6.1
5.2
5.5
4.5
2.4
1.6
3.5
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.6
1.3
1.1
.7
.4
3.2
1.7
4.6
4.0
3.1
2.1
3.2
3.2
4.4
1.7
3.6
2.9
2.1
2.6
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.1
2.3
3.3
3.8
3.2
2.7
.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
.9
.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
.8
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.5
1.9
2.3
1.7
1.5
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
1.8
2.3
2.5
2.9
1.8
1.4
2.8
2.8
3.2
2.6
2.3
1.7
1.5
.9
.3
.2
.2
.4
.2
.3
2.3
2.0
1.1
4.1
1.5
4.9
.4
.9
.4
1.0
.1
.3
.1
.3
.2
2.6
.8
3.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
2.2
5.4
1.9
5.6
3.3
3.6
.6
.5
.1
.1
2.4
2.8
.2
.2
2.9
1.5
«
w
.2
.1
.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.1
(<)
(<)
(<)
(4)
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1392
T a b l e B - 2 : M o n t h l y la b o r t u r n o v e r r a t e s (p e r 1 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ) in s e l e c t e d g r o u p s a n d i n d u s t r i e s 1—
C o n t in u e d
Separation
Total
Industry group and industry
Sept.
1954
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transportation
equipment) ------- --------------------------Cutlery, handtools, and hardware__
Cutlery and edge tools_________
Hand tools____________________
Hardware______________ ___
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies__________
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies________________________
Oil burners, nonelectric heating
and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere classified_________
Fabricated structural metal products
M etal stamping, coating, and engravlng...........................................................
Machinery (except electrical)___________
Engines and turbines_______________
Agricultural machinery and tractors...
Construction and mining machinery,Metalworking machinery___________
Machine tools--------------------------Metalworking machinery (except
machine tools)_______________
Machine-tool accessories_______
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)_________
Genera] industrial machinery_______
Office and store machines and devices.
Service-Industry and household machines____________ ___________ —
Miscellaneous machinery parts............
Electrical machinery----------- ---------------Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and Industrial apparatus------------------------------------- -Communication equipm ent_________
Radios, phonographs, television
sets, and equipm ent---------------Telephone, telegraph, and related
equipm ent___________________
Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products.-____ _________
Transportation equipment....................... .
Automobiles---------------------------------Aircraft and parts__________________
Aircraft................................................
Aircraft engines and parts_______
Aircraft propellers and parts------Other aircraft parts and equipm ent_________________ ______
Ship and boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment___________ ____
Locomotives and parts.................Railroad and street cars________ _
Other transportation equipment..........
Instruments and related products_______
Photographic apparatus___ ____ ____
Watches and clocks.. . . . ---------------Professional and scientific Instruments.
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries..Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.
Quit
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Mise. incl.
military
Layoff
Discharge
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
Sept
1954
0.2
.2
3.8
3.1
0.2
.2
Aug.
1954
3.8
3.9
3.7
1.6
4.9
0.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
2.5
.8
(5)
1.3
.6
3.1
1.0
1.3
.6
1.1
.6
.6
.8
2.2
.2
.3
5.6
5.3
1.5
.6
.7
.5
1.9
.2
.2
5.3
4.7
2.0
1.3
2.0
1.1
.5
.3
.5
.3
1.2
1.5
2.4
3.4
.1
.2
.3
.2
5.8
3.0
5.8
2.7
7.4
2.9
2. 1
5.1
2.6
4.0
4.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
.9
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
.9
.7
.6
1.0
1.0
.9
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
5.9
1.9
1.2
2.9
1.8
2.1
1.9
5.6
1.7
1.1
3.7
1.3
2.7
3.2
.3
.2
.2
.4
.2
.2
.1
.6
.2
.3
.6
.2
.2
.2
4.8
2.5
2.3
6.1
1.7
1.5
1.3
5.2
1.9
1.6
2.3
2.1
1.3
1.0
2.6
5.5
2.7
4.6
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.1
.3
.1
.1
.2
1.0
3.6
1.2
3.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
1.0
2.4
1.6
1. 7
3.3
3.4
2.3
2.9
2.3
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.0
.9
.9
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.1
1.7
1.7
.3
1.4
1.1
.4
.2
.3
.1
.2
.1
.1
1.7
2.3
5.1
1.8
1. 9
2.9
4.8
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.0
2.7
1.1
1.0
2.0
.7
.8
1.4
.1
.1
.3
.3
.2
.2
3.3
1.7
1.3
2.1
.9
.9
.2
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
3.0
1.6
4.2
1.9
1.8
3.5
3.3
(5)
2.0
2.9
1.4
.7
1.8
.1
.1
.2
1.5
1.1
.6
.1
.3
.3
2.6
1.7
4.2
4.0
3.1
6.4
5.2
2.5
2.9
4.8
2.3
2.3
1.4
2.8
1.5
1.4
(5)
.8
1.7
1.2
1.0
.7
.6
1.2
3.5
4.8
1.8
1.8
3.0
4.2
1.7
3.9
3.3
5.2
4.9
7.6
3.6
2.6
4.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
4.5
2.7
0
1.9
0
0
2.7
0
.2
.2
0
1.9
1.0
0
0.3
.2
.3
0
.9
.3
.1
0
4.2
5.9
5.9
4.8
5.3
2.8
2.2
3.4
4.6
5.0
2.3
2.2
2.1
3.9
1.6
1.6
.9
2.0
2.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.1
.7
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.4
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.0
3.9
4. 5
2.5
2.8
1.2
.5
1.5
3.0
3.7
.5
.4
.7
2.2
4.3
10.9
10.3
0
9.5
7.3
2.0
1.6
2.4
2.0
4.4
2.7
3.4
14.3
6.7
11.0
3.9
2.3
1.8
1.0
2.7
1.9
4.1
2.5
1.9
2.4
.9
1.5
1.8
.7
.4
.9
1.3
.7
.5
.7
.8
1.8
1.3
.3
.6
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
2.0
7.7
8.5
1.4
12.0
4.9
9.1
2.3
.9
.8
.4
1.8
.7
1.7
.8
2.9
4.0
5.2
2.7
2.1
1.2
4.4
0
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.1
2.3
2.0
(5)
0
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
0
0
.1
(4)
.1
.2
.3
.3
8.1
5.6
.6
.4
.7
.6
1.7
.3
.3
.3
0
0
.3
0
0
0
.1
.2
1.5
3.8
0
.4
.1
.6
.5
0
0
0
.9
0
.3
.2
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.2
4.3
4.5
5. 9
2.3
2.1
2.9
.6
4.3
3.7
3.0
2. 5
2.5
2.1
1.0
.2
.6
.3
.2
.9
1. 5
.5
3.9
10.1
9.1
0
11.6
1.0
2.3
.7
4. 9
2.6
4.9
4.1
4.1
12.5
7. 3
3. 5
10.0
2. 4
1.7
.8
3. 3
1. 9
4.8
2. 9
4.3
2.6
.7
2.0
2.0
1.1
2.0
.3
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
0
.3
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1
Nonmanufacturing
M etal mining------- --------- -------------------Iron mining----- ------------ ----------------Copper mining_____________________
Lead and xinc mining.............................
Anthracite mining....................... ...................
Bitumlnous-eoal m ining_______________
Communication:
Telephone__________ _____ ________
T elegrap h __________________ _____
0
3.2
1.8
0
2.7
0
0
1.8
1.8
1.6
0
1.9
1.4
0
.5
0
0
i See footnote 1, table B -l. Current month data subject to revision without
notation; revised figures for earlier months will be indicated by footnotes.
1 See footnote 2, table A-2.
! See footnote 3, table A-2. Printing, publishing, and allied industries are
excluded.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.7
.3
2.0
1.3
.6
.5
1.4
1.1
.2
0
.2
.1
(s)
.1
0
«
.7
.3
(4)
.2
.1
(4)
(4)
0
.9
.1
0
1.9
.1
.1
0
0
1.8
4.8
.2
.3
.5
3.6
.2
.3
.3
0
.2
.2
0
.2
0
0
.3
.1
.3
.5
.2
.3
.1
.3
0
3.3
3.0
0
1.4
0
0
1.3
1.6
4 Less than 0.05.
5 Data are not available.
• Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those employees
compensated entirely on a commission basis.
N o t e : Telegraph —Data for July are: 1.3, 0.8, * 0.2, 0.2, and 1.5.
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
1393
C: Earnings and Hours
T able
C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1
M ining
M etal
Year and month
Total: M etal
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
1952: Average.........
1953: Average..........
Septem ber...
October..........
November___
December___
1954: Jan u a ry ........
February___
March........ .
April...............
M ay________
June___ _____
July________
August______
September___
$81.65
88. 51
94.16
90. 29
90.72
92. 40
92.00
85.49
82. 62
81.19
82. 00
83.84
83. 63
83. 85
84.23
43.9
43.4
44.0
43.2
43.2
44.0
43.6
41.7
40.5
39.8
40.0
40.7
40.4
40.9
40.3
Coal
Iron
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.86 $80.34
2.04 90.74
2.14 98.75
2.09 93.04
2.1C 93.44
2.1C 92.62
2.11 90.45
2.05 86.03
2.04 83.03
2.04 76. 74
2. 05 77.80
2.06 81.32
2. 07 83. 82
2.05 82.94
2.09 81.18
Copper
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.83 $85. 73
2.14 91.60
2.27 97.39
2.21 95. 27
2.23 95.63
2.20 97.97
2.19 99.22
2.14 88.56
2.14 83.22
2.12 84.25
2. 12 84. 25
2.14 87.34
2.20 83.03
2.16 84.22
2.20 86.73
43.9
42.4
43.5
42.1
41.9
42.1
41.3
40.2
38.8
36.2
36. 7
38.0
38.1
38.4
36.9
45.6
45.8
46.6
46.7
46.2
47.1
46.8
43.2
41.2
41.5
41.5
42.4
40.5
41.9
42.1
Lead and zinc
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.88 $81.60
2. 0C 80.06
2.09 81.56
2.04 79.15
2.07 77.99
2.08 84. 08
2.12 84. 32
2.05 74.64
2.02 73.10
2.03 75.24
2.03 75. 76
2. 06 74.07
2. 05 74.19
2.01 75.20
2.06 74.45
42.5
41.7
41.4
40.8
40.2
42.9
42.8
39.7
39.3
39.6
40.3
39.4
40.1
40.0
39.6
M ining—Continued
41.1
40.9
407
40.3
41.4
40.2
40.7
40.3
40.2
40.2
41.3
40.1
40.6
41.4
40.7
$2.09 $71.10
2.21 75.99
2.27 79.20
2.24 80. 33
2.28 76.99
2.25 76.12
2.28 70. 93
2.26 73. 79
2.25 74.22
2. 25 75.08
2. 29 77.88
2.26 78.58
2.28 80.46
2.27 79.83
2. 29 79.21
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.92 $71.19
1.92 72.91
1.97 70. 40
1.94 73.41
1.94 63.49
1.96 64. 71
1.97 70. 93
1.88 74.84
1.86 63. 74
1.90 64. 45
1.88 62. 74
1.88 96. 20
1. 85 73. 58
1.88 82. 50
1. 88 56. 88
Bituminous
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
31.5
29.4
28.5
29.6
25.6
26.2
28.6
29.7
25.6
26.2
25.4
36.3
29.2
33.0
23.6
$2. 26 $78.09
2.48 85.31
2.47 86.15
2. 48 89.78
2.48 81.17
2.47 82. 25
2.48 82.34
2.52 79.04
2. 49 73.06
2.46 71.67
2. 47 76. 32
2.65 83.00
2. 52 75. 39
2. 50 82.09
2.41 79. 86
34.1
34.4
34.6
36.2
32.6
33.3
33.2
32.0
29.7
28.9
30.9
33.2
30.4
33.1
32.2
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$2.29
2.48
2.49
2.48
2. 49
2. 47
2.48
2.47
2.46
2.48
2. 47
2.50
2.48
2. 48
2.48
Contract construction
Petroleum and
na turai- gas production Nonmetallic mining
(except contract
and quarrying
services)
$85. 90
1952: Average___
90. 39
1953: Average___
92.39
September___
90.27
October___
94.39
November.
December____ 90.45
1954: January........... 92.80
February......... 91.08
90. 45
March.........
90. 45
April...........
94. 58
M ay______
90. 63
June..........
92. 57
July............
93.98
August___
September___ 93. 20
Anthracite
45.0
44.7
45.0
45.9
44.5
44.0
41.0
42.9
42.9
43.4
44.5
44.9
45.2
45.1
44.5
Nonbuilding construction
Total: Contract construction
$1.58 $87.85
1.70 91.61
1.76 90. 77
1.75 96.11
1.73 93.00
1.73 92. 37
1.73 87.12
1.72 92.85
1.73 93. 24
1.73 92. 87
1.75 94. 50
1.75 95.63
1.78 95. 63
1.77 95.38
1.78 94.10
38.7
37.7
36.9
38.6
37.2
36.8
34.3
36.7
37.0
37.0
37.5
38.1
38.1
38.0
36.9
Total: Nonbuilding
construction
$2.27 $86. 72
2.43 90.27
2.46 90. 97
2. 49 97. 48
2. 50 91.01
2. 51 89.93
2. 54 83.88
2.53 91.14
2.52 90.12
2. 51 89.60
2. 52 93. 79
2.51 96.14
2.51 97. 29
2. 51 97.44
2.55 93. 67
41.1
40.3
39.9
42.2
39.4
39 1
36.0
39.8
39.7
39.3
40.0
41.8
42.3
42.0
40.2
m gn w ay ana street
$2.11 $80.26
2.24 85.28
2.28 87. 97
2. 31 94. 61
2.31 86.67
2.30 81.87
2.33 71.69
2.29 81.37
2. 27 80.98
2.28 82.53
2.31 88. 97
2. 30 91.81
2.30 95. 26
2.32 93. 09
2. 33 89. 38
41.8
41.2
41.3
43.8
40.5
38.8
34.3
39.5
39.5
39.3
41.0
42.7
43.9
42.7
41.0
Other nonbuilding
construction
$1.92 $91.35
2.07 93. 85
2.13 93. 27
2.16 99.80
2.14 94.18
2.11 95.50
2.09 91.02
2.06 97. 20
2.05 95. 92
2.10 94. 71
2.17 97.93
2.15 100. 28
2.17 99. 39
2.18 100.77
2.18 97. 57
40.6
39.6
38.7
40.9
38.6
39.3
37.0
40.0
39.8
39.3
40.3
41.1
40.9
41.3
39.5
$2.25
2.37
2.41
2.44
2.44
2.43
2.46
2.43
2.41
2.41
2.43
2. 44
2.43
2.44
2.47
Building construction
Total: Building con
struction
1952: Average.
1953: Average.
Septembi
October.
November___
December
1954: January...
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
Ju n e..........
J u ly ..........
August___
September___-
$88. 01
91. 76
90.97
95. 76
93. 59
93. 29
87.46
93. 24
94.28
94.17
94.69
95. 72
95. 20
96. 20
94.32
38.1
37.0
36.1
37.7
36.7
36.3
33.9
36.0
36.4
36.5
36.7
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.0
Special-trade contractors
General contractors
$2. 31 $82. 78
2.48 87.75
2. 52 86.03
2. 54 90. 58
2.55 88. 45
2. 57 87.85
2.58 82.13
2. 59 88.94
2. 59 90.41
2.58 89. 55
2. 58 89. 67
2.58 90.04
2. 58 89. 55
2. 60 91.51
2. 62 88. 54
38.5
37.5
36.3
37.9
36.7
36.3
33.8
36.3
36.9
36.7
36.6
36.9
36.7
36.9
35.7
Total: Special-trade Plumbing and heating
contractors
$2.15 $91. 99
2.34 95.05
2.37 95.04
2.39 99. 75
2. 41 97.62
2.42 97.19
2.43 91.80
2. 45 96.30
2.45 97.11
2. 44 97.28
2. 45 98.36
2.44 99.70
2.44 99.80
2. 48 99. 90
2.48 98.37
37.7
36.7
36.0
37.5
36.7
36.4
34.0
35.8
36.1
36.3
36.7
37.2
37.1
37.0
36.3
$2. 44
2. 59
2.64
2.66
2.66
2.67
2. 70
2.69
2.69
2. 68
2.68
2.68
2.69
2. 70
2.71
Special-trade
contractors—Con.
Other special-trade
contractors
Average_____ $88. 43
Average.— . . . 91.04
September___ 92.20
October______ 95. 79
November___
93.70
December____ 91.00
January_____
83. 21
February____
90. 90
March_______ 91. 87
April________
93. 10
M a y _________ 94.68
June_________ 95. 89
July-------------- 96.15
96.10
August______
September___ 94. 96
See footnotes at end of table.
37.0
35. 7
35.6
36.7
35.9
34.6
31.4
34.3
34.8
35.4
36.0
36.6
36.7
36.4
35.7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$94.92
98.30
96. 42
101. 78
101. 08
102. 94
99.96
101.30
101.68
101.41
101. 95
103.41
103.14
103. 52
102. 27
38.9
38.1
36.8
38.7
38.0
38.7
37.3
37.8
37.8
37.7
37.9
38.3
38.2
38.2
37.6
Painting and
decorating
$2.44 $82. 72
2.58 87.10
2.62 88.32
2.63 91.85
2. 66 88.41
2.66 88. 67
2.68 82. 36
2.68 87.28
2.69 88. 58
2. 69 89. 27
2. 69 89.78
2.70 92.04
2. 70 92.39
2.71 92.31
2.72 92.30
35.2
34.7
34.5
35.6
34.4
34.5
31.8
33.7
34.2
34.6
34.8
35.4
35.4
35.1
34.7
$2.35
2. 51
2. 56
2.58
2. 57
2. 57
2. 59
2. 59
2. 59
2.58
2.58
2. 60
2.61
2. 63
2.66
Electrical work
$110. 30
111.61
108.46
117.49
114.17
116.11
111.07
112.42
112.42
110. 98
113. 59
113.39
112.40
113. 88
109. 58
40.7
39.3
37.4
40.1
39.1
39.9
38.3
38.9
38.9
38.4
38.9
39.1
38.1
39.0
37.4
$2. 71
2.84
2.90
2.93
2.92
2.91
2.90
2.89
2.89
2. 89
2. 92
2.90
2. 95
2.92
2.93
Manufacturing
Total: M anu
facturing
$2.39 $67.97
2. 55 71.69
2. 59 71.42
2.61 72.14
2.61 71.60
2.63 72. 36
2.65 70.92
2.65 71.28
2.64 70. 71
2.63 70. 20
2.63 71.13
2.62 71. 68
2. 62 70.92
2. 64 71.06
2. 66 71.86
40.7
40.5
39.9
40.3
40.0
40.2
39.4
39.6
39.5
39.0
39.3
39.6
39.4
39.7
39.7
Durable goods J
$1.67 $73. 46
1.77 77.23
1.79 77.14
1.79 77. 90
1.79 76. 73
1.80 77. 52
1.80 76.59
1.80 76.38
1.79 76.00
1.80 75.43
1.81 76.21
1.81 76.40
1.80 75.83
1. 79 76. 59
1.81 76. 99
41.5
41.3
40.6
41.0
40.6
40.8
40.1
40.2
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.0
39.7
40.1
40.1
Nondurable goods *
$1. 77 $60. 98
1.87 63.60
1.90 63. 57
1.90 63.67
1.89 63. 73
1.90 64.45
1.91 63.53
1. 90 64.02
1.90 64.02
1.90 62.87
1. 91 63.91
1.91 64.57
1.91 64. 74
1.91 64. 68
1.92 65.24
39.6
39.5
39.0
39.3
39.1
39.3
38.5
38.8
38.8
38.1
38.5
38.9
39.0
39.2
39.3
Total: Ordnance
and accessories
$1.54 $77.47
1.61 77. 90
1.63 79.13
1.62 78. 94
1.63 76.21
1.64 78. 94
1.65 77.60
1.65 78.40
1.65 79.19
1.65 78. 21
1.66 78.80
1.66 79.40
1.66 79. 80
1.65 80.20
1.66 81.00
42.8
41.0
41.0
40.9
39.9
40.9
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.7
40.0
40.1
40.1
40.1
40.1
Food and kindred
products
Total: Food and
kindred products
$1.81 $63. 23
1. 90 66.33
1.93 67.04
1.93 67.23
1.91 68. 31
1.93 68.15
1.94 68.71
1.96 67.64
1. 97 67.87
1. 97 67.54
1.97 68. 54
1.98 69. 55
1.99 69. 72
2.00 67. 57
2.02 68.72
41.6
41.2
41.9
41.5
41.4
41.3
40.9
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.8
41.4
41. 5
41.2
41.4
$1.52
1.61
1.60
1.62
1.65
1.65
1.68
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.64
1.66
1394
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T able C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Year and month
M eat products 4
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1952: Average___
1953: Average___
September.
October___
November.
December..
1954: January___
February...
March........
April_____
M ay______
June............
July______
August___
September.
$70.30
74. 57
76.18
77.89
82.51
76.54
76. 78
73.05
73.05
72.68
74.74
75.85
77.98
76. 07
79.19
41.6
41.2
41.4
42.1
43.2
41.6
41.5
39.7
39.7
39,5
40.4
41.0
41.7
40.9
41.9
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.69 $73.39
1.81 77.64
1.84 80.06
1.85 82.22
1.91 87.20
1.84 80. 03
1.85 80.60
1.84 75.22
1.84 75.81
1.84 74. 86
1.85 76. 97
1.85 78. 50
1.87 81.09
1.86 78. 91
1.89 82. 91
Canning and pre
serving 4
1952: Average___
1953: Average___
September.
October___
N ovember..
December..
1954: January___
February...
March____
April...........
M ay______
June______
J u ly ______
August____
September.
$51.88
53.18
55.34
54. 54
49.95
53.44
55.04
54.38
53. 95
52. 85
54.72
53. 27
54.77
55.89
55. 46
39.3
39.1
41.3
40.1
37.0
37.9
37.7
37.5
36.7
36.2
38.0
38.6
39.4
40.5
39.9
$61. 57
64.84
66.88
65.07
65.66
66.42
66.10
66.42
66.50
67. 08
67.65
68.31
68. 64
68.14
68.88
1952: Average___
1953: Average___
September.
October___
November..
December...
1054: January___
February...
March____
A p r il..........
M ay______
June______
July---------August___
September.
$52.27
53.45
55.18
55.06
63.45
64. &
54.6(
55.16
55. 52
55.3'
55.3'
57.17
54.9:
. 55.9f
. 56.82
39.9
39. £
39.7
39. Í
39. £
40.1
39. (
39. ‘
39.1
38.7
38.7
39.7
38. ‘
39.<
40.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.76 $69. 72
1.88 73.39
1.92 74.46
1.93 73. 51
2.00 76.68
1.91 74.34
1.91 73.98
1.89 73.35
1.90 72. 44
1.90 73. 93
1.91 76.36
1. 91 70.41
1.94 77.83
1.92 76. 96
1.90 77.15
31.0
29.8
28.5
29.6
26.6
29.3
30.5
27.9
26.8
27.5
29.7
31.6
36.6
30.4
30.4
41.7
41.4
41.7
41.3
41.2
41.3
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.2
41.4
41.5
41.3
41.2
41.2
$1.31 $50.67
1.36 51.74
1.39 53.46
1.38 52.9£
1.36 51.74
1.37 53.47
1.4C 52.65
1.4C 53.06
1.42 53. 2Ï
1. 45 53.93
1.43 53.13
1.44 55.0'
1.4Î 51.79
1.42 53. 7C
1.41 55.21
$1.66 $63.80
1.76 68.05
1.79 69.84
1.78 68.26
1.80 67. 94
1.80 68.73
1.80 69.39
1.82 69.71
1. 82 69.12
1.83 68. 85
1.84 69. 01
1.85 71.36
1.84 71.81
1.85 69. 55
1.85 71.23
41.0
40.7
42.2
41 7
39.4
39.4
39.7
39.5
38.6
38.1
39.8
40.5
40.1
41.6
40.9
41.3
41.2
42.2
41.2
40.1
39.7
40.4
41.0
40.3
39.5
39.4
40.8
40.1
39.2
40.3
$1.32 $69.15
1.37 71.88
1.35 74. 25
1.37 73. 10
1.34 72.04
1.40 72.38
1.45 73.81
1.46 72.65
1.48 71.38
1.46 71.94
1.44 73.37
1.40 76.32
1.37 76. 73
1.39 74. 42
1.41 77. 29
39.9 $1.27 $71.14
39.2
1.32 76.04
39.6
1.35 80.9C
1.33 77.33
39.8
1.32 75.41
39.2
40.2
1.33 75.39
39. C 1.35 75.06
39. £
1.35 76. 8(
38. <
1.37 77.79
38.8
1.39 78. 57
38.5
1.38 78.18
1.39 80.56
39.6
1.37 82.17
37.8
39.2
1.37 78.76
40.3
1.37 79.37
41.6
41.1
41.7
40.7
39.9
40.1
39. £
40. (
40.1
40.5
40.3
41.1
41.5
40.6
40.7
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
$1.45 $66. 41
1.55 69. 77
1.58 72.23
1.58 68.25
1.58 68. 25
1.58 69.00
1.61 70.84
1.61 70. 20
1. 60 70.04
1.59 70. 51
1. 59 71. 75
1.60 75.05
1.61 74. 08
1. 61 71.42
1. 63 75.33
44.9
44.1
45.0
44.3
43.4
43.6
44.2
43.5
43.0
43.6
44.2
45.7
45.4
44.3
45.2
$1.54 $71.71
1.63 75.65
1.65 79.90
1.65 80.78
1.66 79. 20
1.66 77.26
1.67 79. 73
1.67 77.08
1.66 73.36
1.65 74.70
1.66 76.39
1. 67 78.23
1.69 81.35
1.68 79. 57
1. 71 83. 72
45.8
45.9
46.6
44.9
44.9
45.1
45.7
45.0
44.9
45.2
45.7
47.2
46.3
45.2
46.5
42.1
43.4
42.2
42.3
48.5
47.7
42.7
41.2
42.9
39.2
41.2
41.5
41.0
41.0
41.4
$1.53 $66. 58
1.64 74.94
1.75 80.66
1.55 72.58
1.53 72. 90
1.56 75.06
1.72 73.78
1.73 72.31
1. 79 82.53
1. 76 72.31
1.77 77.33
1.75 76.86
1.77 77.15
1.75 75.62
1.77 77.23
Bottled soft drinks
$1.71 $55.73
1.85 60.49
1.94 63.94
1.90 60.0£
1.81 59.86
1.88 60.01
1.91 58.51
1.92 60.68
1.94 60.68
1.94 61.30
1.9' 60.42
1.96 63.62
1.98 63.94
1. 9' 62. o;
1. 95 61.48
45.1
44.5
45.4
45.9
45.0
44.4
45.3
44.3
42.9
44.2
43.9
44.7
45.7
44.7
46.0
$1.45 $64.09
1.52 68.53
1.55 71.83
1.52 69.80
1.52 68.88
1.53 71.28
1.55 69.64
1.56 71.40
1.56 70. 72
1. 56 70.38
1. 57 69.63
1. 59 72.14
1. 60 74.26
1. 58 70.81
1.62 73.10
41.1
42.1
43.6
40.1
40.5
41.7
40.1
39.3
43.9
39.3
41.8
42.0
41.7
41.1
41.3
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
43.6
43.1
43.8
42.3
42.0
43.2
41.7
42.5
42.6
42.4
42.2
43.2
44.2
42.4
43.0
$1.47
1.59
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.65
1.67
1.68
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.67
1.68
1.67
1.70
Prepared feeds
$1.59 $67.62
1.70 69. 30
1.76 70.99
1.76 69. 44
1.76 68.77
1.74 70.18
1.76 71.10
1.74 69.52
1.71 70.28
1.69 70. 47
1.74 70.53
1.75 74.10
1.78 72.85
1.78 72.05
1. 82 73.60
Malt liquors
43.2 $1.29 $82.20
1.42 89.79
42.6
43.2
1.48 95.68
1.45 91.13
41.4
41. C 1.46 89.04
41.1
1.46 90.05
39 8
1.47 88. 2(
41. (
1.4Í 89.95
41. (
1.48 91.37
41.7
1.47 92.46
41.1
1.47 92.92
42.7
1.49 95.30
43.2
1.48 97.0(
42.2
1.47 93. 03
42.4
1.45 94.07
Ice cream and ices
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Cane-sugar refining
Sugar 4
$1.36 $64.41
1.43 71.18
1.46 73.85
1.45 65. 57
1.46 74. 21
1.47 74.41
1.49 73.44
1.49 71.28
1.53 76.79
1. 54 68.99
1. 54 72.92
1.55 72.63
1.54 72.57
1.55 71.75
1.56 73. 28
Beverages4
44.0
43.9
44.2
43.2
43.0
43.5
43.1
43.3
43.2
43.3
43.4
44.6
44.6
43.2
43.7
Condensed and evap
orated milk
and other grainQrain-mill products4 Flour
mill products
Biscuits, crackers, and
pretzels
$1.52 $56.17
1.60 58.92
1.64 61.61
1.63 59. 74
1.64 58.55
1.65 58.36
1.65 60.20
1.65 61.09
1.65 61.66
1.66 60. 83
1.67 60.68
1.68 63.24
1.70 61.75
1.70 60. 76
1.71 62. 87
Confectionery
42.0
41.7
41.6
41.3
42.6
41.3
41.1
40.3
39.8
40. 4
41.5
41.3
42.3
41.6
41.7
Dairy products 4
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Canned fruits, vege
tables, and soups
$1.47 $54.12
1.51 55.76
1.44 56. 97
1.42 57.13
1.51 52.80
1.61 55.16
1.65 57.57
1.52 57. 67
1. 54 57.13
1.55 55.63
1.57 57.31
1.42 56.70
1.54 54.94
1.50 57.82
1. 52 57.67
Bread and other bakery
products
41.6 $1.48 $63.38
41.3
1.57 66.24
41.8
1.60 68.39
41.3
1.59 67.32
41.0
1.60 67. 57
1.62 68.15
41.0
1.62 67.49
40.8
41.0
1.62 67.65
40.8
1.63 67. 49
40.9
1.64 68. 39
41. C 1.65 69.14
41.4
1.65 69. 72
41.1
1.67 70. 21
40.8
1.67 70.04
41.0
1.68 70. 45
Confectionery and
related products 4
41.7
41.3
41.7
42.6
43.6
41.9
42.2
39.8
39.9
39.4
40.3
41.1
41.8
41.1
42.3
Sausages and casings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Seafood, canned and
cured
$1.32 $45. 57
1.36 45.00
1.34 41.04
1.36 42.03
1.35 40.17
1.41 47.17
1.46 50.33
1.45 42.41
1.47 41. 27
1. 46 42. 63
1.44 46. 63
1.38 44.87
1.39 56. 36
1.38 45.60
1.39 46. 21
Bakery products4
1952: Average____
1953: Average____
Septem ber..
October____
N ovem ber..
D ecem ber...
1954: Jan u a ry ___
February__
March_____
April.............
M ay______
J u n e............
J u ly---------August____
Septem ber..
Meatpacking, whole
sale
46.0
45.0
45.8
44.8
43.8
44.7
45.0
44.0
44.2
44.6
45.5
47.5
46.4
45.6
46.0
$1.47
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.58
1.59
1.58
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.60
Beet sugar
$1.62 $65.94
1.78 69.80
1.85 69.89
1.81 62.78
1.80 77.12
1.80 77. 24
1.84 78.85
1.84 75.78
1.88 70.20
1.84 66. 97
1. 85 71.38
1.83 70. 88
1.85 70. 80
1.84 72.16
1.87 73. 22
42.0
42.3
40.4
41.3
48.5
47.1
44.8
42.1
39.0
37.0
40.1
40.5
40.0
41.0
41.6
$1.57
1.65
1.73
1.52
1.59
1.64
1.76
1.80
1. 80
1. 81
1.78
1.75
1.77
1.76
1. 76
Distilled, rectified, and
blended liquors
41.1 $2.00 $70.88
41. C 2. It 71.42
41.6
2 .3( 72.95
40.5
2.25 72.52
39.4
2.26 71.8(
2.24 70.12
40 2
39.2
2. 25 73.34
2. 26 73.54
39.8
39. {
2. 29 73. 7£
40.2
2.3( 75.26
40.4
2.3C 73.53
40.9
2.3£ 74. 31
41.1
2.36 75. 66
40.1
2.32 73. 7£
40.2
2.34 74. 49
1
39.6
38.4
38.6
39.2
38.6
37.7
38.4
38. £
38.6
39.2
38.7
38.5
39.2
38.4
38.2
$1.79
1.86
1.89
1.85
1.86
1.86
1.91
1.92
1.91
1.92
1.90
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.95
1395
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble
C -l : Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Tobacco manufactures
Food and kindred products—Continued
Year and month
Miscellaneous food
products *
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
1952: Average..........- $60.35
1953: A v e ra g e .____ 63.12
65. 48
September___
October______ 64. 53
65.57
November___
December____ 64.95
1654: January_____
66. 20
February____
66.36
M arch_______ 65. 36
April________
65.16
M ay _______
65. 78
June__ ____ 65.31
July_________
66.10
August______
66. 99
September___
67.58
42.2
41.8
42.8
41.9
42.3
41.9
41.9
42.0
41.9
41.5
41.9
41.6
42.1
42.4
42.5
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Corn sirup, sugar, oil,
and starch
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$1.43 $77.00
1.51 80. 94
1.53 89.00
1.54 86. 57
1.55 85.80
1.55 82.52
1.58 81.95
1.58 80.90
1. 56 81.02
1. 57 79. 49
1. 57 82.84
1. 57 80. 90
1.57 84. 74
1.58 90.29
1.59 84. 83
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
43.5
42.6
44.5
43.5
42.9
42.1
41.6
41.7
42.2
41.4
42. 7
41.7
42.8
45.6
43.5
Manufactured ice
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$1.77 $59.80
1.90 63.34
2.00 68. 26
1.99 64.61
2.00 65.21
1.96 65.00
1.97 65. 04
1.94 64.16
1. 92 64. 30
1.92 65.42
1.94 65. 71
1.94 64.18
1.98 67.45
1.98 66.46
1.95 67. 57
Avg.
wkly.
hours
46.0
45.9
47.4
45.5
45.6
46.1
45.8
45.5
45.6
46.4
46.6
45.2
47.5
46.8
46.6
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
$1.30 $44.93
1.38 47.37
1.44 46.92
1.42 48.07
1.43 47.49
1.41 49.13
1.42 45.97
1.41 46. 31
1. 41 47. 52
1.41 49.01
1.41 49. 98
1.42 51.71
1.42 51. 54
1.42 49. 67
1.45 49.13
1952: Average______ $47. 74
50.90
1953: Average—........
53. 98
September___
October______ 52.85
50.69
November___
December____ 51.34
1954: January
50. L8
50.92
February____
March_______ 49. 76
April________
51.80
53.02
M ay________
53.02
Juno ________
51. 97
July . _____
55.10
August______
55. 63
September___
37.3
37.7
39.4
38.3
37.0
37.2
36.1
36.9
35.8
37.0
37.6
37.6
36.6
38.8
38.9
Tobacco stemming
and redrying
$1.28 $38. 91
1.35 39. 73
1.37 38.02
1.38 38. 42
1. 37 36. 90
1.38 40. 87
1.39 37.63
1.38 38.63
1. 39 41.54
1. 40 44. ,53
1. 41 45. 14
1. 41 47. 00
1.42 42.12
1. 42 37. 86
1.43 38.22
39.3
38.2
39.6
39.2
36.9
39.3
35.5
34.8
35.2
36.2
36.4
37.9
35.1
36.4
39.4
38.4
38.2
39.1
39.4
38.3
39.3
36.2
35.9
36.0
36.3
37.3
38.3
37.9
38.5
39.3
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
39.2
38.8
39.4
40.7
39.0
41.0
37.2
35.2
36.1
38.1
38.5
40.7
41.3
41.9
41.4
$1.17 $56. 45
1.24 58.59
1.20 60.68
1.22 63.49
1.24 60.84
1. 25 63.96
1.27 58. 40
1.29 54. 91
1. 32 56.68
1.35 60.96
1.34 61.60
1.35 65. 53
1.36 67.32
1.29 68.30
1. 25 67.07
Cigars
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$1.44 $40.13
1.51 42.71
1.54 44.05
1.56 44.23
1.56 44.35
1.56 43.66
1. 57 40. 57
1.56 4L 95
1.57 41. 52
1.60 40.25
1.60 42.09
1.61 42.21
1.63 41.86
1.63 42.90
1.62 44.11
Total: Textile-mill
products
$0.99 $53.18
1.04 53. 57
.96 51.65
.98 52.33
1.00 52.33
1.04 52.61
1.06 50.86
1.11 52.06
1.18 51.68
1.23 50. 46
1.24 51. in
1.24 51.41
1.20 51.41
1.04 52. 36
.97 52.36
37.5
37.8
38.3
38.8
38.9
38.3
35.9
36.8
36.1
34.7
36.6
36.7
36.4
37.3
37.7
39.1
39.1
37.7
38.2
38.2
38.4
37.4
38.0
38.0
37.1
37.3
37.8
37.8
38.5
38.5
Scouring and combing
plants
$1.36 $62.80
1.37 62.40
1.37 64. 24
1.37 54.24
1.37 52.46
1.37 60.29
1.36 58. 78
1.37 60. 74
1.36 60. 04
1.36 58.09
1.37 61.30
1.36 65.03
1.36 65. 51
1.36 62. 78
1.36 60.61
40.0
39.0
38.7
33.9
31.6
38.4
37.2
38.2
38.0
37.0
38.8
40.9
43.1
41.3
39.1
Yarn and thread
mills *
1952: Average_____ $49. 79
49. 53
1953: Average_____
48. 26
September___
October______ 45.97
47.23
November___
December____ 47.00
46. 61
1954: January_____
46. 36
February____
M a rc h ... . . . 48. 89
April________
45.47
M a y ________
47.37
Ju n e... _____ 47.63
48.01
July ____. _
49.28
A u g u st_____
September___ 49.02
38.6
39.0
38.3
36.2
36.9
37.3
36.7
36. 5
38.8
35.8
37.3
37.5
37.8
38.5
38.3
$1.29 $51.99
1.27 52.80
1.26 50.79
1.27 50.94
1.28 51.21
1. 26 51.34
1.27 49.13
1. 27 50.03
1.26 50.16
1.27 48.73
1.27 48. 97
1.27 49.63
1.27 49. 52
1.28 50. 69
1.28 50.95
38.8
39.4
37.9
38.3
38.5
38.6
37.5
37.9
38.0
37.2
37.1
37.6
37.8
38.4
38.6
$1.57 $49.15
1.60 48.51
1.66 46.85
1.60 46.00
1.66 45. 75
1.57 45.26
1. 58 44.13
1.59 44. 75
1. 58 45. 14
l. 57 43.90
1.58 45 00
1.59 45.50
1. 52 45.88
1.52 46.88
1.55 46. 75
38.7
38.2
36.6
36.8
36.6
36.5
35.3
35.8
36.4
35.4
36.0
36.4
37.0
37.5
37.1
$1.27 $49.15
1.27 48.26
1.28 46.70
1.25 45.75
1.25 45.38
1.24 44. 76
1. 25 43. 25
1.25 44.13
1.24 44. 39
1.24 43.65
1.25 44. 50
1.25 45.13
1.24 45. 51
1. 25 46. 25
1.26 46. 49
38.7
38.0
36.2
36.6
36.3
36.1
34.6
35.3
35.8
35. 2
35.6
36.1
36.7
37.3
36.9
Tjr
$1.34 $49.79
1.34 51.09
1.34 49.14
1.33 49.54
1.33 49.92
1.33 49.67
1.31 47.87
1.32 48. 76
1. 32 48. 76
1.31 47.36
1.32 47.34
1.32 47. 49
1.31 47. 87
1.32 49.15
1.32 49. 02
38.6
39.3
37.8
38.4
38.7
38.5
37.4
37.8
37.8
37.0
36. 7
37.1
37.4
38.1
38.3
$1.29 $55.25
1.30 56.37
1.30 55.41
1.29 54.67
1 29 54.81
1. 29 54.99
1.28 53. 86
1.29 54.14
1.29 54. 43
1.28 53.44
1.29 53.72
1.28 54. 53
1.28 54.14
1.29 54. 57
1. 28 54.99
38.1
39.7
39.3
38.5
38.6
39.0
38.2
38.4
38.6
37.9
38.1
38.4
38.4
38.7
39.0
1952: Average_____ $54.27
1953: Average_____
54.53
53.84
September___
October______ 53. 82
53.54
November___
December____ 54.51
1954: January______ 54.21
54.79
February____
March_______ 54. 65
A prll________
53.96
54. 65
M ay________
54. 23
J u n e ...................
J u l y ..............
53.68
53. 98
August _____
September___
54.39
40.2
39.8
39.3
39.0
38.8
39.5
39.0
39.7
39.6
39.1
39.6
39.3
38.9
39.4
39.7
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.27
1.27
1.29
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.25
1 26
1. 24
1. 24
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.24
1.26
* aj
Of sic
-i
South
North
United States
$1.45 $48. 76
1.42 49.78
1.41 47.50
1.42 48.38
1.42 48. 76
1.41 48. 38
1.41 46. 50
1.41 47.50
1. 41 47. 50
1.41 46.00
1.41 45.86
1.42 46.13
1.41 46. 50
1.41 47.88
1.41 48.13
38.7
39.2
37.4
38.4
38.7
38.4
37.2
37.7
37.7
36.8
36.4
36.9
37.2
38. 0
38.2
$1.26 $62. 56
1.27 61.93
1.27 59.75
1.26 58.97
1.26 57.88
1.26 60.84
1.25 59.14
1. 26 59.36
1.26 59. 21
1.25 60.06
1.26 62.16
1.25 62.68
1.25 60. 65
1. 26 60. 55
1.26 61.10
40.1
39.7
38.3
37.8
37.1
39.0
38.4
38.8
38.7
39.0
40.1
40.7
39.9
40.1
40.2
$1.56
1.56
1.56
1. 56
1.66
1.56
1.54
1. 53
1. 53
1. 54
1.55
1.54
1.52
1.51
1.52
Seamless hosiery
Full-fashioned hosiery
Narrow fabrics and
small wares
$1.07
1.13
1.15
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.17
Yarn mills
Cotton, silk, sy nthetic fiber
Broad-woven fabric
mills *
i nreaa mm*
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Textile-mill products
Tobacco manufactures—Continued
Tobacco and snuff
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Cigarettes
s m itin g muís *
$1.35 $49.02
1.37 48. 75
1.37 46.80
1.38 49. 26
1.38 48.73
1.38 48.60
1.39 47.65
1.38 48.84
1 . 38 48. 71
1.38 46. 99
1.38 47. 65
1.38 48.34
1.38 47. 58
1.37 48. 88
1.37 49.13
United States
38.3
37.5
36.0
37.6
37.2
37.1
38.1
37.0
36.9
35.6
36.1
36.9
36. 6
37.6
37.5
$1.28 $57. 61
1. 30 56. 70
1.30 53.00
1.31 57. 23
1.31 57. 75
1.31 57.98
1.32 55. 95
1.32 57. 75
1.32 57.83
1.32 54.53
1.32 55.12
1.31 54.09
1.30 52.98
1.30 54.46
1.31 54.31
37.9
37.3
35.1
37.9
38.5
38.4
37.3
38.5
38.3
36. 6
36. 5
36.3
35. 8
36.8
37.2
$1.52 $57.00
1.52 57.00
1.51 53.70
1.51 57.45
1.50 59.04
1.51 59.89
1.50 56.78
1.50 57.98
1.51 58. 83
1.49 52.35
1.51 54.87
1. 49 54. 96
1.48 54.81
1.48 53. 79
1.46 54.39
South
North
37.5
37.5
35.8
38.3
39.1
39.4
37.6
38.4
38.2
34.9
36. 1
36.4
36.3
36.1
37.0
$1.52 $58.06
1.52 56.24
1.50 52.44
1.50 56.63
1. 51 56.85
1.52 56.63
1.51 55.65
1.51 57.37
1. 54 57.07
1.50 56.02
1.52 55.20
1.51 53. 58
1.51 51.83
1.49 54. 68
1.47 54.46
38.2
37.0
34.5
37.5
37.9
37.5
37.1
38.5
38.3
37.6
36.8
36.2
35.5
37.2
37.3
United States
$1.52 $40.39
1. 52 40.26
1.52 38.3,
1.51 40.26
1. 50 39. 93
1.51 40.26
1.50 39.18
1.49 40.32
1.49 39.87
1.49 37.97
1.50 39.31
1.48 40.63
1.46 39.74
1.47 41.78
1.46 41. 47
37.4
36.6
35.2
36.6
36.3
36.6
35. 3
36.0
35. 6
33.9
35.1
36.6
35.8
37.3
36.7
$1.08
1.10
1.09
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.13
1396
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T able C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
M anufacturing— C ontinued
T extile-m ill products— C ontinued
Seamless hosiery—C ontinued
Knit outerwear
Year and m onth
N orth
A vg.
w k ly.
earn
ings
1952: A verage.......... $43.62
1953: Average............
43.88
Septem ber___
42.69
43 19
O ctober______
N ovem b er____ 41.07
D ecem b er____
41.18
1954: January............
40.80
42. 72
F ebruary_____
M arch _______
43. 32
A pril_________
39.63
M a y . ______
42. 72
J u n e_________
44. 25
J u ly __________
43.88
A u gu st_______
44. 46
S ep tem b er___
43. 29
A vg.
w kly.
hours
38.6
37.5
36.8
36.6
35.1
35.5
34.0
35.6
36.1
33.3
36.2
37.5
37.5
38.0
37.0
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
68.68
41.2
40.8
39.9
40.1
39.4
40.3
39.7
39.9
40.3
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.5
40.7
41.4
A vg.
w k ly.
earn
ings
$1.13 $39.33
1.17 39. 31
1.16 37. 24
1.18 39.53
1.17 39.89
1.16 40.11
39.05
39.71
39. 52
1.19 37. 74
1.18 38. 85
1.18 40.15
1.17 39.05
1.17 41.29
1.17 41.10
1.20
1.20
1.20
Carpets, rugs other
floor coverings 4
1952: A verage._____ $68. 39
70. 58
1953: A verage______
Septem ber___
69.03
O ctober______
69.37
N o v em b er___
68.16
69.72
D ecem b er____
1954: January______
February_____ 69. 83
M a r c h ............ 69. 72
A pril_________
67.94
M a y _________
68.38
Ju ne_________
68.38
J u ly ..................
69.13
A u gu st_______
71.63
S ep tem b er___
73.28
Knit underwear
A vg.
w k ly.
hours
37.1
36.4
34.8
36.6
36.6
36.8
35.5
36.1
35.6
34.0
35.0
36.5
35.5
37.2
36.7
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.06 $49.14
1.08 50. 81
1.07 49.28
1.08 53. 68
1.09 52.30
1.09 50.83
49.07
50. 82
50. 46
. 11 49.90
51.32
52.13
52.03
52. 72
53.90
1.10
1.10
1.11
1
1.11
1.10
1.10
1.11
1.12
Wool carpets, ruos,
and carpet yarn
$1.66 $65. 74
1.73 69.08
1.73
.43
1.73 67.34
1.73 65. 91
1. 73
. 38
1.73
.95
1. 75
.99
1.73 67. 69
1. 72 66.26
1.74 65.19
1. 74 65.02
1.75 65. 57
1. 76 67. 99
1.77 70.18
66
68
66
66
39.6
39.7
38.4
38.7
38.1
39.3
38.7
38.5
38.9
38.3
37.9
37.8
37.9
39.3
40.1
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
39.0
38.2
36.5
38.9
37.9
37.1
35.3
36.3
36.3
35.9
36.4
37.5
37.7
38.2
38.5
$1.26 $45. 55
1.33 45.12
1.35 45.01
1.38 44. 65
1.38 42.23
1.37 42.33
1.39 42.33
1.40 43.08
1.39 43. 44
1.39 41.97
1.41 43.68
1. 39 45.02
1.38 44. 53
1.38 45.13
1.40 44. 89
H ats (except cloth
and m illinery)
$1.66 $53. 20
1.74 56. 47
1.73 56.24
1.74 55.87
1. 73 54. 77
1.74 56.70
1.73 54. 53
1.74 54.66
1.74 53.10
1.73 46.11
1.72 52.39
1. 72 54. 96
1.73 53.76
1.73 59. 90
1.75 53. 94
37.2
37.4
37.0
37.0
35.8
37.3
36.6
36.2
35.4
31.8
35.4
36.4
35.6
38.4
36.2
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w kly.
hours
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
38.6
37.6
37.2
36.9
34.9
34.7
34.7
35.6
35.9
34.4
36.1
36.9
36.8
37.3
37.1
Paddings and uphol
stery filling
$64.17
65.19
63.86
. 58
64.64
66
66.02
69. 55
65.51
67.65
. 66
69.14
64. 71
67.60
65.67
64. 56
66
41.4
41.0
38.7
41.1
39.9
40.5
41.9
39.7
41.0
40.4
41.4
39.7
40.0
39.8
38.2
37.5
37.1
36.1
36.7
35.8
35.7
34.4
35.9
36.1
34.6
34.8
35.4
35.5
36.9
36.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Processed waste and
recovered fibers
$1.55 $51.24
1.59 51.30
1.65 50.51
1.62 51.24
1.62 50. 87
1. 63 50.58
50. 82
1.65 49.73
1.65 50. 51
1.65 50.02
1.67 51.73
1.63 51.29
1.69 52.03
1.65 50. 68
1. 69 51.17
1.66
M e n ’s and b oys’
furnishings
and
work clothing 4
1952: A verage______ $40. 50
1953: A verage—......... 41.18
40. 79
Sep tem b er___
41.84
O ctober______
N o v em b er___
40. 81
D ecem b er........
40.70
1954: Jan uary______
39.56
F ebruary__ . . .
41.29
M arch _______
41.15
A p r il.................
39.10
M a y . . ........ ..
39. 67
J u n e...............
40. 00
J u l y .................. 39.76
41.70
A u gu st_______
S ep tem b er___
41.95
Dyeing and finishing
textiles (except wool)
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1.18 $62. 58
61.65
. 21 57.96
59.40
61.56
61.86
59.49
62.17
62.17
59. 85
59. 55
. 22 59.90
60.00
. 21 61.16
61.46
1.20
1
1.21
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.21
1.21
1.22
1.21
1
1.21
1
1.21
M iscellaneous textile
goods 4
$1.43 $60.09
1.51 62.42
1.52 62.31
1. 51 62.62
1.53 62. 31
1.52 62.99
1. 49 61.75
1.51 62.00
1.50 61.91
1.45 60.68
1.48 61.23
1.51 61. 69
1.51 61.70
1.56 61.85
1.49 62.40
40.6
40.8
40.2
40.4
40.2
40.9
40.1
40.0
40.2
39.4
39.5
39.8
39.3
39.9
40.0
1.12
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.21
1.21
1.21
1
1.22
1.22
37.0
37.3
36.6
37.7
37.5
36.2
34.3
36.1
36.4
34.4
34.8
34.8
35.0
36.7
36.8
68
37.6
37.5
35.8
36.4
35.3
36.1
36.2
37.8
37.6
35.6
34.8
34.6
35.7
36.1
36.7
Cordage and twine
$1.71 $53.06
1.80 53.33
1.82 53.19
1.82 52.90
1.83 52. 25
1.83 53.33
1.80 52.25
1.82 63.18
. 81 53.84
1.81 51.41
1.83 52.20
1.83 52.06
1.81 52.88
1.80 53. 99
1.84 53.31
1
Separate trousers
$1.08 $42.86
44.63
1.14 43.32
1.14 44. 41
1.14 43.07
1.14 44. 04
1.15 44.16
1.15 46.12
1.14 45. 87
1.14 42. 72
1.14 41.41
1.14 40.83
1.13 41.77
1.13 43.32
1.15 43. 67
1.11
44.2
44.5
44.3
43.2
44.3
45.8
42.6
43.7
42.7
42.5
42.4
43.5
40.9
42.4
44.2
42.0
41.1
». y
39.6
40.5
40.7
39.4
40.9
40.9
39.9
39.7
40.2
40.0
40.5
40.7
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.3
41.3
41.4
40.8
41.2
40.9
39.5
39.2
40.1
39.8
38.4
40.8
39.9
39.8
40.0
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
$1.49 $62.16
1.50 61.65
1.49 57.87
1.50 59.15
1.52 61.46
1.52 61.76
1.51 59.40
1.52 62.06
1.52 62.06
1.50 59.60
1.50 59.30
1.49 59. 64
1.50 59.60
1.51 60. 90
1.51 61. 20
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
42.0
41.1
39.1
39.7
40.7
40.9
39.6
41.1
41.1
40.0
39.8
40.3
40.0
40.6
40.8
$1.48
1.50
1.48
1.49
1.51
1. 51
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.49
1.49
1. 48
1.49
1.50
1.50
hace Q00CL8
$1.68 $57.07
1.72 61.85
1.73 62. 95
1.76 63.24
1.75 61.88
1. 73 61.92
1.72 57.24
1.73 59.84
1. 70 60. 59
1.72 58.81
1.72 57.96
1. 75 60. 31
1.75 60.39
1.74 61. 55
1.75 62.54
38.3
38.9
39.1
38.8
38.2
38.7
36.0
37.4
37.4
36.3
36.0
37.0
36.6
37.3
37.9
$1. 49
1.59
1.61
1.63
1.62
1.60
1. 59
1.60
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.65
1.65
Apparel and other finished textile products
Artificial leather, oil
cloth, and other
coated fabrics
$1.20 $75.58
80.10
80.63
78. 62
81.07
83.81
76.68
79.53
. 22 77. 29
76. 93
77. 59
1. 23 79. 61
1.23 74.03
1.23 76.32
1.23 81.33
Shirts, collars, and
nightwear
$1.08 $39.96
41. 40
1.13 41.72
1.14 42. 98
1.14 42.75
1.14 41.27
1.15 39.45
1.15 41.52
1.14 41. 50
1.13 39. 22
1.14 39. 67
1.13 39. 67
39.55
1.13 41.47
1.14 42. 32
1.11
42.7
42.4
41.4
42.0
41.7
41.8
42.0
41.1
41.4
41.0
42.4
41.7
42.3
41.2
41.6
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
Felt goods (except
woven felts and hats)
$1.48 $67.70
1. 53 71.04
1.55 71.62
1.55 71.81
1. 55 72.10
1.54 70.76
1.54 67.94
1.55 67.82
1. 54 68.17
1.54
. 46
1.55 66.05
1. 55 71.40
1.57 69.83
1.55 69.25
1. 56 70.00
Textile-m ill products— C ontinued
19S2 A verage______
1953: A verage______
Sep tem b er___
O ctober______
N o v em b er___
D ecem b er____
1954: January______
F e b r u a r y .........
M arch _______
A p ril.............. ..
M a y _________
J u n e.................
J u ly ...................
A u gu st_______
S ep tem b er___
D y ein g and finishing
textiles 4
South
Work shirts
$1.14 $35.15
1.19 34.32
34.31
32. 83
31.58
33. 56
31.39
34.24
33. 79
34.69
1.19 34.20
1.18 34.04
1.17 33.37
34.78
1.19 34.46
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.20
1.20
39.6
39.5
39.4
38.9
38.7
39.5
38.7
39.1
39.3
37.8
38.1
38.0
38.6
39.7
39.1
37.8
36.9
36.5
35.3
33.6
35.7
32.7
35.3
35.2
36.9
36.0
36.6
35.5
37.0
35.9
Total: Apparel and
other finished tex
tile products
$1.34 $47. 58
1.35 48. 41
1.35 47.12
1.36 48. 74
1.35 48.06
1.35 48.82
1.35 47.68
1.36 49. 46
1.37 49.59
1.36 45. 62
1.37 46. 07
1.37 46. 55
1.37 47.17
1.36 48.87
1.36 48. 96
36.6
36.4
34.9
36.1
35.6
35.9
34.8
36.1
36.2
34.3
34.9
35.0
35.2
36.2
36.0
$1.30 $52.15
1.33 57.93
1.35 57.35
1.35 58. 64
1.35 57. 48
1.36 58.19
1.37 55.84
1.37 57.96
1. 37 57.32
1.33 52.64
1.32 52.97
1.33 55. 08
1.34 56.80
1.35 57.05
1.36 57.70
W om en ’s o u terw ea r4
$0.93 $52.39
.93 52. 65
.94 49.40
.93 51.83
.94 50.76
.94 53.61
.96 52.44
.97 54.62
.96 54. 93
.94 49.01
.95 49. 76
.93 48. 53
.94 50.81
.94 53.15
.96 52.33
35.4
35.1
32.5
34.1
34.3
35.5
34.5
35.7
35.9
33.8
34.8
33.7
34.1
35.2
34.2
M e n ’s and b o y s’
suits and coats
35.0
36.9
35.4
36.2
35.7
36.6
34.9
36.0
35.6
32.9
32.9
34.0
35.5
35.0
35.4
$1.49
1.57
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.59
1.60
. 61
1.61
1.60
1.61
. 62
1.60
1.63
1.63
1
1
Women’s dresses
$1.48 $51.48
1.50 52.15
1.52 49. 53
1.52 52.02
1.48 51.15
1.51 52.80
1.52 50.96
1.53 53. 25
1.53 55.18
1.45 52.25
1.43 53. 45
1. 44 47. 91
1.49 48.67
1. 51 52. 69
1. 53 53.01
35.5
35.0
32.8
34.0
34.1
35.2
34.2
35.5
36.3
34.6
35.4
33.5
33.8
35.6
34.2
$1.45
1.49
1. 51
1.53
1.50
1.50
1.49
1.50
1. 52
1.51
1. 51
1.43
1.44
1.48
1.55
1397
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
Year and month
Household apparel
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1952: Average_____
1953: Average.........
September__
October.........
N ovem b er...
December___
1954: January..........
February.........
M arch_____
April.........
M ay_______
J u n e ............
July_______
August____
September___
$39. 96
39.74
37.37
39.46
39.53
40. 77
38. 26
40.26
41.18
40.04
39. 79
38.86
37.66
38. 91
40. 29
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
37.7
36.8
34.6
36.2
36.6
37.4
35.1
36.6
37.1
36.4
36.5
34.7
35.2
35.7
36.3
$1.06 $64. 94
1.08 64.81
1.08 60. 50
1. 09 62. 69
1.08 60. 96
1.09 65.86
1.09 66.80
1.10 67.94
1.11 65.47
1.10 51.43
1.09 51.44
1.12 60.59
1.07 66.44
1.09 66. 92
1.11 63.40
1954: January..
February
M a rc h ...
April........
M ay. . . .
Ju n e................
J u ly ................
A ugust...........
Septem ber...
$43. 52
44.41
42.46
44. 76
44. 27
44.98
45.59
47.12
46. 63
42.11
44.29
45.38
45.38
46. 62
45.14
37.2
36.4
33.7
36.1
35.7
35.7
35.9
37.4
37.3
34.8
36.6
37.2
37.2
37.9
36.4
33.3
32.9
30.4
31.5
31.1
33.6
33.4
33.8
32.9
27.5
28.9
32.4
33.9
33.8
31.7
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.17 $43.15
1.22 44. 52
1.26 44.41
1.24 46.13
1.24 44. 77
1.26 44.41
1. 27 42.83
1.26 43. 92
1.25 43. 80
1.21 40. 92
1.21 43.19
1.22 42. 59
1.22 42.12
1.23 43. 92
1.24 44.90
37.2
37.1
36.4
37.5
36.4
36.7
35.4
36.6
36.2
34.1
35.4
35.2
35.1
36.3
36.8
37.6
36.9
36.2
37.3
37.0
36.4
34.7
36.0
36.6
34.9
35.5
35.7
35.2
36.2
36.8
$1.95 $43.62
1.97 44.28
1.99 43.08
1.99 45.13
1.96 44. 77
1.96 44.04
2.00 42.33
2.01 44.28
1.99 44. 65
1.87 42.58
1.78 43. 67
1. 87 43.91
1.96 42.24
1.98 43.80
2.00 44.53
Miscellaneous
apparel and
accessories
Children’s
outerwear
1952: Average_____
1953: Average..........
September___
October.
November___
Women’s suits, coats, Women’s and chil Underwear and night
dren’s undergarments4 wear, except corsets
and skirts
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1.16 $41. 03
1. 20 41.5
1. 19 41.02
1.21 43.13
1.21 42. 67
1.21 41.38
1. 92 39.79
1.23 41.63
1.22 41. 95
1. 22 39.79
1.23 40.14
1.23 40.24
1.20 39. 78
1.21 41.02
1. 21 41.92
Other fabricated
textile products 4
38.4
37.6
36.9
38.5
37.6
36.6
35.6
36.2
36.9
36.2
36.8
36.9
36.6
37.5
37.8
$1.16 $46. 46
1. 20 47. 75
1.22 46.86
1.23 49. 67
1.23 48.38
1. 21 47. 21
1. 21 45.92
1.20 47.06
1.21 47.60
1.20 46.70
1.22 47. 47
1.21 47.23
1.20 46.85
1.21 48. 00
1.22 48.76
37.3
36.8
'.3
37. 5
37.1
36.3
34.9
36.2
36.8
34.9
34.9
35.3
35.2
36.3
37.1
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1.10 $47. 24
1.13 48.10
1.13 46.57
1.15 48. 47
1.15 48. 21
1.14 48.18
1.14 45.89
1.15 47.97
1.14 48.64
1.14 46.63
1.15 48. 78
1.14 48. 51
1.13 45.89
1.13 48. 01
1.13 48.41
Curtains, draperies,
and other housefurnishings
$1. 21 $42.67
1. 27 42.18
1.27 41.92
1.29 43.28
1.29 42. 41
1.29 40. 71
1.29 39.56
1.30 41.53
1.29 42. 69
1.29 41. 64
1. 29 41.40
1.28 41.41
1.28 41.29
1.28 42.78
1.29 44.81
38.1
37.0
37.1
38.3
37.2
35.4
34.1
35.8
36.8
35.9
36.0
35.7
35.9
37.2
38.3
Corsets and allied
garments
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
38.1
37.0
36.1
37.0
36.8
36.5
34.5
35.8
36.3
34.8
36.4
36.2
35.3
36.1
36.4
$1.24 $58.60
1. 30 58. 64
1.29 58. 14
1. 31 59.20
1.31 51. 48
1.32 58. 08
1.33 59. 29
1.34 67.09
1.34 67. 20
1.34 45.90
1.34 44. 68
1.34 52.33
1.30 55.71
1.33 62.58
1.33 64. 51
38.7
38.1
38.0
39.3
37.7
38.3
37.9
36.2
37.5
36.4
37.1
37.0
37.9
39.1
39.9
36.4
36. 2
34.2
36.1
33.0
36.3
36.6
39.7
40.0
30.6
29.2
32.5
34.6
37. 7
38.4
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.61
1. 62
1.70
1. 64
1. 56
1.60
1. 62
1.69
1. 68
1.50
1.53
1.61
1.61
1.66
1.68
Canvas products
Textile bags
$1.12 $47. 60
1.14 49.53
1.13 49.78
1.13 52.27
1.14 50.14
1.15 51.32
1.16 50.41
1.16 47. 78
1.16 49. 50
1.16 48.78
1.15 49. 71
1.16 49.95
1.15 50.79
1.15 53.18
1.17 54.26
Millinery
$1.23 $49. 88
1.30 51.09
1.31 49.27
1.33 51.22
1.33 49. 37
1.34 50.41
1.33 50.01
1.32 50. 25
1.32 50. 76
1.34 51. 84
1.34 53. 33
1.35 53.19
1.34 52.27
1.36 52.26
1. 36 55.02
39.9
39.0
37.9
38.8
37.4
37.9
37.6
37.5
37.6
38.4
39. 5
39.4
39.3
39.0
39.3
$1.25
1. 31
1.30
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.33
1. 34
1.40
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
Total: Lumber and
wood products (ex
cept furniture)
1953: Average.
Septembi
October .
December___
1954: January_____
April___
M ay____
June____
Ju ly.........
$63. 86
65.93
66. 97
67.32
65. 20
64.32
62. 65
63.76
64. 40
65.93
67.03
68. 71
63.24
65.57
66. 97
41.2
40.7
40.1
40.8
40.0
40.2
39.4
40.1
40.0
40.2
39.9
40.9
40.8
41.5
40.1
$1.55 $77.68
1.62 79.00
1.67 81.97
1.65 77. 79
1.63 75. 85
1.60 71.81
1.59 72. 74
1.59 73. 92
1. 61 72. 96
1.64 80.30
1.68 76.80
1.68 79.18
1.55 63.00
1.58 67.30
1.67 66.20
M ill work, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural wood
products 4
1952: Average.
1953: Average.
November__
February.......
M arch______
April...............
M ay_______
Jun e..............
July.................
August_____
$66. 94
68. 89
66. 47
69. 55
68. 54
69. 22
68. 28
69.19
68.54
68. 78
69. 77
71.90
69.72
71.99
71.90
42.1
41.5
39.8
41.4
40.8
41.2
40.4
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.8
41.8
41.5
42.6
41.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Logging camps and
contractors
41.1
39.5
39.6
38.7
38.5
37.4
38.9
38.7
36.3
37.7
36.4
39.2
37.5
38.9
35.4
Millwork
$1.59 $65.83
1.66 68. 55
1. 67 67.23
1.68 69. 72
1.68 67.98
1.68 68. 89
1.69 67.80
1.70 68. 47
1.68 68.47
1.69 67. 73
1.71 69. 55
1. 72 71.99
1.68 70.90
1.69 72. 84
1. 72 72. 76
42.2
41.8
40.5
42.0
41.2
41.5
40.6
41.0
41.0
40.8
41.4
42.6
42.2
43.1
42.8
Sawmills and planing mills 4
$1.89 $63.24
2.00 65.37
2.07 67.06
2.01 67.82
1.97 65.76
1.92 64.64
1.87 62. 72
1.91 63.92
2.01 64.96
2.13 65. 77
2.11 67.23
2. 02 68.80
1.68 64.64
1.73 67.10
1.87 69.38
40.8
40.6
40.4
41.1
40.1
40.4
39.2
40.2
40.6
40.6
40.5
41.2
41.7
42.2
41.3
Plywood
$1.56 $70.62
1.64 71.32
1.66 67.60
1.66 69.29
1.65 69.43
1.66 71.48
1.67 72. 83
1.67 73. 25
1.67 71. 31
1. 66 71. 62
1.68 71.10
1.69 71.81
1.68 66.50
1.69 68. 69
1.70 75.08
42.8
42.2
40.0
41.0
40.6
41.8
42.1
42.1
41.7
41.4
40.4
40.8
40.8
42.4
42.9
$1.55 $63.65
1.61 66.18
1.66 67. 87
1. 65 68.23
1.64 66.17
1.60 65.04
1.60 63.11
1.59 64.32
1.60 65.37
1. 62 66.34
1.66 67.64
1.67 69.38
1.55 65.21
1. 59 67.68
1.68 69.80
40.8
40.6
40.4
41.1
40.1
40.4
39.2
40.2
40.6
40.7
40.5
41.3
41.8
42.3
41.3
$1.56 $43.03
1.63 43. 78
1.68 44.08
1.66 45.24
1.65 43.99
1.61 43.99
1.61 41.61
1.60 43. 67
1. 61 43.26
1.63 43.68
1.67 43. 26
1.68 44.20
1.56 45.15
1.60 45. 57
1.69 45. 47
Wooden containers 4
$1.65 $50.39
1.69 51.25
1.69 49. 52
1.69 51.18
1. 71 49.85
1. 71 50.10
1.73 47. 72
1. 74 48.83
1.71 49.08
1.73 49.20
1.76 49. 97
1.76 51.16
1.63 49.48
1.62 48.98
1. 75 50. 82
41.3
41.0
39.3
40.3
40.2
40.4
38.8
39.7
39.9
40.0
40.3
40.6
39.9
39.5
39.7
West
South
United States
$1.01 $81. 51
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1. 04
1.05
1.05
1.05
51.34
49.00
50. 25
48.56
49.04
47.46
47.95
49.20
49. 45
49. 85
51. 56
49.20
47.95
50.18
42.0
41.4
39.2
40.2
39.8
40.2
38.9
39.3
40.0
40.2
40.2
40.6
40.0
39.3
39.2
83.81
85.14
85.06
82.94
82.22
80.35
80. 85
82.68
84.10
84. 85
86.76
85.69
89.42
86.80
39.0
38.8
38.7
39.2
38.4
38.6
37.9
38.5
39.0
39.3
39.1
39.8
38.6
40.1
39.1
$2.09
2.16
2.20
2.17
2.16
2.13
2.12
2.10
2.12
2.14
2.17
2.18
2.22
2.23
2.22
Miscellaneous
wood products
Wooden boxes,
other than cigar
$1.22 $50. 82
1. 25
1.26
1.27
1.24
1.24
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.24
1. 26
1.24
1. 24
1.28
42.6
42.5
42.8
43.5
42.3
42.3
40.4
42.3
42.0
42.0
41.6
42.5
43.0
43.4
43.3
$1.21
1.24
1.25
1.25
1.22
1. 22
1.22
1.22
1.23
1.23
1.24
1. 27
1.23
1.22
1. 28
$53.63
55.46
55.35
56.43
54. 54
55. 34
53.07
64. 67
54.54
54. 54
54. 68
55.08
53.07
54.13
55.89
41.9
41.7
41.0
41.8
40.7
41.3
39.9
40.8
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.8
39.9
40.7
40.5
$1.28
1.33
1.35
1.35
1.34
1.34
1.33
1.34
1 34
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.33
1.33
1.38
1398
T a ble
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
M anufacturing— C ontinued
Furniture and fixtures
Total: Furniture
and fixtures
Year and m onth
A vg.
w k ly.
earn
ings
1952: A verage _____ $61.01
1953: A verage ...........
63.14
S ep tem b er ___
62. 78
O ctober --------- 64.12
N o v em b er ___
63. 49
D ecem b er........
63.90
1954: Jan uary ........... 61. 78
F ebruary ____
62.16
M arch ..........
62.56
A pril ............—
61.00
M a y ________
60.53
Ju n e ________
62.17
J u ly -------------62.02
A u gu st_______
63. 74
Sep tem b er ___
64.46
A vg.
w k ly.
hours
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.5
41.0
40.5
41.1
40.7
40.7
39. 6
40.1
40.1
39.1
38.8
39.6
39.5
40.6
40.8
Wood household fur
Wood household
niture (except up furniture,
upholstered
holstered)
H ousehold
furniture 4
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1.47 $58.93
1.54 60.38
1. 55 59.90
1.56 61.35
1.56 61.00
1. 57 60.70
1. 56 58. 41
1.55 59. 30
1. 56 59.85
1.56 58.20
1.56 57. 30
1. 57 59.19
1.57 59.04
1.57 61.00
1.58 61.86
A vg.
w k ly.
hours
41.5
40.8
40.2
40.9
40.4
40.2
39.2
39.8
39.9
38.8
38.2
39.2
39.1
40.4
40.7
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1.42 $53.38
1. 48 55.21
1. 49 54.41
1.50 56.03
1.51 65.35
1.51 54.68
1.49 53.60
1. 49 54.14
1.50 54.54
1.50 62. 92
1.50 52. 52
1.51 54.26
1.51 52.92
1. 51 54. 81
1. 52 55.08
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.7
41.2
40.3
41.2
40.7
40.5
40.0
40.4
40.4
39.2
38.9
39.9
39.2
40.6
40.5
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1.28 $64. 58
1.34 65. 45
1.35 65.36
1.36 67.24
1.36 66.58
1.35 68.80
1.34 60.10
1 34 63. 41
1.35 63. 57
1.35 62.16
1.35 58.48
1.36 61.13
1.35 62.10
1.35 65.27
1.36 67.24
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
41.4
40.4
40.1
41.0
40.6
41.2
37.1
38.9
39.0
37.9
36. 1
37.5
38.1
39.8
41.0
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Mattresses and
bedsprings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1.56 $64.87
1.62 66.23
1.63 66.90
1.64 65. 51
1.64 63.69
1.67 63. 25
1.62 64. 08
1.63 66.30
1.63 65. 97
1.64 64.30
1.62 63. 74
1.63 65.63
1.63 67.70
1.64 69.38
1.64 70.14
Furniture and fixtures— C ontinued
Wood office furniture
1952: A verage............
1953: A verage.......... .
Sep tem b er___
O ctob er, ..........
N ovem b er___
D ecem b er........
1954: Jan uary______
F ebruary____
M arch _______
A pril........ .........
M a y ......... .........
Ju ne_________
J u ly -------------A u gu st_______
Septem ber ___
$60. 86
61.71
61.05
61.51
60.89
61.86
59. 60
59.55
59.10
56.17
57. 75
58. 80
58.84
61.69
60.68
41.4
40.6
39.9
40.2
39.8
40.7
40.0
39.7
39.4
37.2
38.5
39.2
40.3
41.4
41.0
Metal office furniture
$1.47 $72. 80
1.52 75.70
1.53 79.15
1.53 77.93
1.53 77. 71
1.52 78.09
1. 49 77.11
1.50 77. 30
1.50 77.71
1.51 75.98
1.50 75.60
1.50 77.14
1.46 75.64
1. 49 77.39
1.48 77.76
41.6
40.7
42.1
40.8
40.9
41.1
40.8
40.9
40.9
40.2
40.0
40.6
39.6
40.1
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.5
41.2
41.0
40.6
40.4
40.0
39.7
39.5
39.7
40.4
39.1
39.5
40.1
Screens, blinds, and
m iscellaneous fur
niture and fixtures
$1. 74 $57. 69
1. 81 62.31
1. 82 61. 84
1.84 63.15
1.86 63. 57
1.85 64.90
1. 86 62. 47
1. 84 62. 88
1.84 62.58
1.84 62. 42
1.86 64. 48
1.86 64.74
1.89 64.90
1.90 64.84
1.93 65.16
41.5
42.1
41.5
42.1
42.1
42.7
40.3
41.1
40.9
40.8
41.6
41.5
41.6
41.3
41.5
1952: A v era g e.. ........ $64. 45
1953: A verago ...........
67.68
Sep tem b er ___
68.88
O ctob er, ........ . 69.50
N o v em b er ___
68.10
D ecem b er ___
66. 65
1954: Jan uary _____
65.36
F ebruary ____
66.09
M a r c h .. ..........
66. 75
A pril ________
66.33
M a y ________
67.89
Ju n e ..............__
69.14
J u ly _________
69.05
A u gu st _____
70. 56
S eptem ber ___
70.81
42.4
42.3
42.0
42.9
42.3
41.4
40.1
40.3
40.7
40.2
40.9
41.4
41.1
42.0
41.9
Paperboard boxet
$1.52 $64.18
1.60 67. 42
1.64 68. 46
1.62 69.23
1.61 68.00
1.61 66.08
1.63 65.12
1.64 65. 69
1.64 66. 34
1.65 65.93
1.66 67. 65
1. 67 69.06
1.68 68.39
1.68 70. 47
1.69 70.31
Periodicals
1952: A verage _____ $83.60
1953: A verage ........... 86.98
S eptem ber ___
96.28
89. 47
O ctob er. ..........
86.24
N ovem b er ___
86.33
D ecem b er ___
1954: J a n u a r y ... ...... 89.87
F ebruary ____
90.27
M arch _______ 88.58
A pril ................
86.63
86.14
M:ay _______
Ju n e ...... .......... 85.63
J u ly -------------- 87.58
A u gu st ______
91.03
Septem ber ___
90.00
40.0
39.9
41.5
40.3
39.2
39.6
40.3
40.3
39.9
39.2
38.8
38.4
39.1
40.1
40.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
42.5
42.4
42.0
43.0
42.5
41.3
40.2
40.3
40.7
40.2
41.0
41.6
41.2
42.2
42.1
Books
$2.09 $71. 24
2.18 73.84
2.32 74. 80
2.22 73. 82
2. 20 73.68
2.18 74. 84
2.23 74. 49
2. 24 73.91
2.22 75.84
2. 21 73.92
2. 22 75.27
2. 23 75.66
2.24 75.66
2. 27 78. 98
2. 25 77.39
39.8
39.7
40.0
39.9
39. i
39.6
39.0
38.9
39.5
38.5
38.8
39.2
39.2
40.5
40.1
Fiber cans, tubes,
and drums
$1. 51 $66.01
1. 59 71.65
1.63 73. 85
1. 61 71.14
1.60 70.24
1.60 72.08
1.62 69.60
1.63 71.69
1.63 71.69
1.64 71.20
1.65 71.82
1.66 72. 47
1.66 74.21
1.67 73. 63
1. 67 74. 48
41.0
41.9
42.2
41.6
40.6
42.4
39.1
40.5
40.5
40.0
39.9
39.6
39.9
39.8
39.2
40.2
40.2
40.0
40.2
40.1
40.5
39.9
39.3
39.8
39.3
39.1
39.0
39.5
39.4
39.4
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
42.2
41.9
42.2
41.7
41.6
42.2
41.2
40.9
41.0
40.1
40.4
40.3
40.5
41.9
41.6
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.62
1. 70
1.72
1. 73
1.72
1.73
1.72
1. 71
1.73
1 72
1.71
1. 72
1.72
1. 74
1. 73
42.8
43.0
42.7
43.0
42.9
42.8
41.9
41.9
42.1
41.6
42.1
42.4
42.4
42.6
42.5
P u lp , paper, and
paperboard m ills
$1.61 $73. 68
1.69 78. 76
1.73 80. 85
1.71 79.72
1.71 80. 08
1.72 80. 08
1.72 78. 55
1.72 78.37
1.73 78.99
1. 72 77. 47
1.73 78.19
1.75 79.79
1.76 81.47
1.76 81.10
1. 77 81. 78
43.6
44.0
43. 7
43.8
44.0
44.0
43.4
43.3
43.4
42.8
43.2
43.6
43.8
43.6
43.5
$1.69
1.79
1. 85
1.82
1.82
1.82
1.81
1.81
1. 82
1.81
1.81
1. 83
1.86
1.86
1.88
P rin tin g, pub lishing, and allied industries
Other paper and
allied products
$1.61 $62. 40
1. 71 65.31
1. 75 65. 57
1.71 65.83
1.73 65.19
1.70 66.72
1.78 65.53
1.77 65. 85
1. 77 66.01
1.78 65. 37
1.80 66. 42
1.83 66. 83
1.86 66.83
1. 85 66. 83
1.90 66. 67
C om m ercial printing
$1. 79 $80.00
1. 86 84. 42
1.87 84. 80
1. 85 85.63
1. 87 85. 41
1.89 86.67
1. 91 85.79
1.90 84. 50
1.92 85.57
1. 92 84.50
1.94 84.46
1.93 85.02
1.93 85.72
1.95 85.10
1. 93 85.89
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1. 59 $68.36
1.66 71.23
1.66 72.58
1.65 72.14
1.65 71. 55
1.66 73.01
1.66 70. 86
1.67 69.94
1.67 70. 93
1.67 68. 97
1.66 69. 08
1. 67 69.32
1.68 69.66
1.68 72. 91
1.69 71.97
T otal: Paper and
allied products
$1.39 $08. 91
1.48 72.67
1.49 73. 87
1.50 73.53
1.51 73.36
1.52 73. 62
1.55 72.07
1.53 72.07
1.53 72.83
1.53 71. 55
1. 55 72.83
1.56 74.20
1.56 74.62
1.57 74.98
1. 57 75.23
Paper and allied products—C ontinued
Paperboard con
tainers and boxes *
40.8
39.9
40.3
39.7
38.6
38.1
38.6
39.7
39.5
38.5
38.4
39.3
40.3
41.3
41. 5
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Paper and allied products
P artition s, shelving,
lockers, and fixtures
$1.75 $71.17
1.86 73. 85
1. 88 73.71
1.91 75.81
1.90 76.26
1.90 74.93
1.89 75.14
1.89 73.60
1.90 73.05
1.89 72.68
1.89 73.84
1.90 75.14
1.91 73.90
1.93 75. 05
1.92 77.39
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
Office, public-build
ing, and profes
sional furniture *
41.6
41.6
41.5
41.4
41.0
41.7
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.6
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.0
40.9
$1.50 $81. 48
1.57 85. 58
1. 58 87.14
1.59 86.68
1.59 86.14
1.60 88.43
1.61 86.02
1. 61 85. 95
1.61 86.85
1. 61 86.11
1.62 86. 71
1.63 86.94
1.63 86.94
1.63 87.40
1.63 88.39
L ithographing
$1.99 $81.61
2.10 85.26
2.12 86.71
2.13 85.20
2.13 84. 65
2.14 85. 44
2.15 83.07
2.15 84.96
2.15 87.05
2.15 84. 32
2.16 85. 97
2.18 88. 91
2.17 88.66
2.16 89. 54
2.18 89. 98
40.2
40.6
40.9
40.6
40.5
40.3
39.0
39.7
40.3
39.4
39.8
40.6
40.3
40.7
40.9
T o ta l: P r in t in g ,
p u b lis h in g , a n d
allied industries
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.8
39.3
38.4
38.2
38.6
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.3
38.5
38.6
$2.10 $87.12
2.20 91.22
2.24 93.03
2.22 92. 93
2. 22 92. 57
2. 25 96.87
2.24 SO. 07
2.25 90. 42
2.25 90. 68
2. 26 92.26
2. 27 93. 86
2. 27 93.50
2. 27 92.01
2. 27 91.85
2. 29 95. 21
Greeting cards
$2.03 $45.84
2.10 48. 50
2.12 47.21
2.10 50.95
2.09 51.34
2.12 52. 22
2.13 51. 61
2.14 53.10
2.16 53.20
2.14 53.16
2.16 54. 05
2.19 51. 65
2.20 51.06
2. 20 53.62
2. 20 53.10
38.2
37.6
36.6
38.6
38.6
38.4
37.4
38.2
38.0
37.7
37.8
37.7
37.0
38.3
38.2
N ew spapers
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.3
36.3
37.4
35.6
35.6
35.7
35.9
36.1
36.1
35.8
35.6
36.2
$2. 40
2. 52
2.57
2. 56
2. 55
2.59
2.53
2.54
2.54
2.57
2.60
2.59
2. 57
2.58
2.63
B ook b in ding and
related industries
$1. 20 $62. 33
1.29 66.30
1.29 65.09
1.32 66.70
1.33 67. 49
1.36 68. 51
1.38 67. 16
1.39 66.95
1.40 67.82
1.41 66.91
1.43 67.64
1.37 68. 34
1.38 67.94
1.40 67. 60
1.39 66. 91
39.2
39.7
39.1
39. 7
39.7
39.6
38.6
38. 7
39.2
38.9
39.1
39.5
39.5
39.3
38.9
$1.59
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.70
1.73
1. 74
1. 73
1. 73
1. 72
1.73
1.73
1.72
1. 72
1.72
1399
C : EARNINGS AND HOURS
T
able
C -l:
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
M anufacturing—C ontinued
P rin tin g, publishing,
and allied Indus
tries—C ontinued
Year and m onth
1952: A verage _____
1953: A verage..........
S ep tem b er.-O ctober...........
N o v em b er__
D ecem b er___
1954: Janu ary........
F eb ru ary____
March.............
A pril................
M ay________
J u n e.................
July— ..........
A ugust-..........
September__
M iscellaneous p u b
lish in g and print
ing services
Total: C hem icals and
allied products
A vg.
w kly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w kly.
earn
ings
A vg.
hours
$98.25
104.15
106. 65
105. Sf
105.21
106. 66
104.41
103.33
106. 7£
102. 9S
104.13
103. 60
104.4£
105. 30
106. 50
39.3
39.6
38.6
39.5
39 <1
39.8
39.4
38. 7
39.7
38. C
39. C
38.8
38.7
39. C
39.3
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$2.50 $70. 45
75. 58
2 .«
2.70 77.83
2.68 76.04
2. 67 76. 82
2. 6S 77. 61
2.65 76. 86
2. 67 76.86
2.6£ 76.86
2.71 77.27
2. 67 77. 71
2. 67 79.10
2.70 79.35
2.70 78. 94
2. 71 79.93
Synthetic rubber
1952: A verage...........
1963: A verage..........
N o v em b er___
D ecem b er___
1954: J a n u a ry..........
February.......
M arch ______
A p r il...............
M ay________
June................
J u ly ..................
A ugust...........
September___
40.3
40.6
40.4
40.0
40.1
40.6
40.5
40.4
40.0
40.4
40.0
40.7
40.8
40.8
42.3
$80.60
87.29
90. 50
86. 80
87.82
88. 51
88.29
88. .88
89.20
89. 69
89.20
90. 76
91.39
91.39
96.02
1952: A verage............ $71.38
76.08
1953: A v era g e............
76. 41
S e p te m b e r ...
76. 54
O ctober_____
76. 54
N o v em b er___
D ecem b er......... 77.00
F eb ru ary.........
M arch..
A pril___
M ay___
J u n e...................
J u ly ........
A ugust..
Sep tem b er___
41.5
41.8
41.3
41.6
41.6
41.4
41.0
41.0
40.7
41.2
41.2
41.6
41.7
41.3
40.9
76. 67
76. 67
76.11
77. 04
77. 87
79.04
79.65
78. 88
78.12
A vg.
hours
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.1
41.3
41.6
41.1
41. 1
41.1
41.1
40.9
41.2
40.9
40.9
41.2
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Alkalies and chlorine
A vg.
w kly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
41.7
41.7
41.1
41.3
41.5
41.3
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.6
41.1
41.4
41.6
41.1
40.6
A vg.
hours
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.0 $1.88 $76. 52
41.2
2.01 82.39
41.2
2.0£ 84.86
40.6
2.05 81.81
41.C 2.05 82. 62
41.4
2.06 83.64
41. C 2.07 83.23
40. i
2.07 82.82
40.7
2. OS 82. 82
40.7
2.08 83. 22
40.7
2.09 82. 21
40.9
2.10 81.58
40.6
2.14 83.50
40.6
2.13 84. 38
40.8
2.16 85.36
Explosives
39.8 $1.67 $70.09
39.7
1.76 74.84
40. C 1.88 77.76
1.78 76. 04
38.6
38.9
1. 78 77.38
40.2
1.78 77. 78
1. 79 77.78
40.0
39.0
1.78 78.96
39.5
1.79 76.63
39.6
1.83 76. 44
40.1
1.82 77.81
1.82 78. 40
40.7
1.85 76.05
40.6
39.6
1.82 78.21
40.6
1.86 78.60
Paint», varnishes,
lacquers, and enamels
$1.72 $70. 47
1.82 74. 64
1.85 73.98
1.84 75.17
1.84 75.53
1.86 75. 58
1.87 75. 26
1. 87 75. 44
1.87 74.70
1.87 74.70
1.89 76. 45
1.90 77.00
1.91 77.38
1.91 76. 86
1.91 75. 92
Industrial Inorganic
ch em icals 4
$1.71 $77.08
1.85 82. 81
1.8S 86.11
1.85 83.25
1.86 84.05
1.87 85.28
1. 87 84.87
1.87 84. 46
1. 87 85.0C
1.88 84. 66
1.90 85.06
1.92 85.89
1.94 86.88
1.93 86. 48
1.94 88.13
Synthetic fiberi
$2.00 $66. 47
2.15 69. 87
2. 24 75. 20
2.17 68. 71
2.19 69.24
2.18 71.56
2.18 71.60
2.20 69. 42
2.23 70.71
2.22 72.47
2. 23 72. 98
2. 23 74.07
2. 24 75.11
2. 24 72.07
2. 27 75. 52
P a in ts, pigm ents,
and fillers 4
1964: January.
C hem icals and allied products
39.6
39.6
40. 5
39.4
40.3
40.3
40.3
40.7
39.5
39.2
39.7
40.0
38.8
39.7
39.9
42.1
41.7
42.2
42.1
42.0
41.6
41.4
41.9
41.7
42.7
41.1
42.6
43.5
43.0
41.8
40.7
41.4
40.8
405
40. £
40.8
41.0
40.6
40.4
40.4
40.1
39.6
39.2
39.8
39.7
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.77 $63. 44
1.89 68. 71
1.92 70. 04
1.93 71. 55
1.92 71.97
1.93 72.66
1.93 72.28
1.94 73.39
1.94 72.45
1.95 70.64
1.96 71.46
1.96 71.81
1.96 71.46
1.97 71.63
1.97 72.16
42.6
42.4
42.0
41.1
41.1
42.1
41.5
42.2
43.8
44.2
42.4
42.4
42.0
41.7
41.6
Animal oils and fate
A v era ge............ $70.34
A verage............. 74. 29
76.32
Sep tem b er___
O ctober............. 75. 48
76. 44
N o v em b er___
75.26
D ecem bor____
76.39
1954: Jan uary______
76. 88
F ebruary..........
75.75
M a r c h ............
A p r il................. 75. 58
75. 99
M a y ...................
77.98
J u n e_________
78.88
J u ly ....................
1962:
1963:
August______
September___
78.66
78.72
44.8
45.3
45.7
45.2
45.5
44.8
45.2
44.7
44.3
44.2
44. 7
45.6
46.4
46.0
45.5
See footnotes at en d of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.57 $65.35
1.64 69. 94
1.67 70. 76
1.67 71.17
1.68 70.99
1.68 71.05
1.69 70.35
1.72 71.46
1.71 71.10
1. 71 70.53
1.70 70.93
1.71 71.10
1.70 70.98
1.71 71.33
1.73 71.69
Essential oils, per
fumes, cosmetics
41.1 $1.59 $54. 49
40. Ö l. 71 67.66
40. 9
1.73 58.26
40.9
1. 74 60.74
40.8
1. 74 60. 44
1. 75 60.13
40.8
40.2
1. 75 59. 44
40.6
1. 76 61.86
40.4
1.76 60. 45
40.3
1.75 60.22
40.3
1.76 59.90
40.4
1.76 60. 68
40.1
1.77 58.28
40.3
1. 77 59. 68
40.5
1. 77 60. 61
39.2
38.7
39.1
39.7
39.5
39.3
38.1
39.4
38.5
38.6
38.4
38.9
37.6
38.5
39.1
40.6
40.7
40. $
40.1
40.4
40. 7
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.3
40.5
41.0
40.5
40.5
40.9
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.3
41.3
41.5
41.0
41.3
41.0
41.2
40.9
41.2
40.7
41.1
41.4
40.9
41.2
41.5
45.9
45.7
46.8
47.7
47.9
47.4
46.6
45.8
45.8
45.2
44.5
44.8
44.8
44.3
46.2
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w kly.
hours
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1. 83
1.95
2.00
1.97
1.99
1.97
1.95
1.96
1.90
1.97
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.01
2.03
41.7
42.5
42.4
41.8
42.0
42.1
41.7
41.9
41.5
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.1
41.8
42.1
Soap and glycerin
$1.79 $81.14
1.90 85.90
1. 92 87.35
1.94 87. 54
1.93 87. 77
1.93 87. 76
1.94 86.07
1.94 87. 97
1.96 88.58
1.96 87. 29
1.97 88. 56
1.98 89.19
1.99 89.16
2.01 90. 86
2.01 92.18
V egetable and anim al
oils and fats 4
$1.32 $61. 51
1.40 64.89
1.45 65.52
1.41 65.35
1.40 66. 58
1.44 66.83
1.43 66.17
1. 41 66. 87
1.40 67.33
1.42 68. 25
1.47 68. 53
1.46 69. 89
1.48 70.78
1.47 69.99
1.51 67. 91
Plastics, except syn
thetic rubber
$1.85 $76.31
1.97 82.88
2.05 84. 80
2.01 82.3f
2. 01 83.58
2.01 82.94
2.01 81.32
2. 01 82.12
2.02 81.34
2.05 82.15
2.04 82.76
2.05 83.60
2.08 83.02
2.06 84.02
2.09 85.46
Soap, cleaning and
p olishing preparatlons ‘
Chemicals and allied products— C ontinued
Miscellaneous chem
icals •
A vg.
w kly.
hours
39.9 $1.59 $73.93
40.9
1.68 78.47
41.2
1.70 79. 6S
41.6
1. 72 79.54
41.6
1.73 79. 71
42.0
1.73 79.13
41.3
1.75 79.93
1.76 79.35
41.7
41.4
1. 75 80. 75
40.6
1.74 79. 77
40. G 1.76 80. 97
40.8
1.76 81.97
40.6
1.76 81.39
40.7
1. 76 82. 81
41.0
1.76 83. 42
F értil tiers
$1.41 $56.23
1.54 59.36
1.64 60.90
1.54 57.95
1.55 57. 54
1.65 60. 62
1.56 59.35
1.56 59.50
1.56 61. 32
1.59 62. 76
1.61 62. 33
1.59 61.90
1.59 62.16
1.60 61.30
1.69 62. 82
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
$1.88 $75.11
1.9S 80.18
2.08 83.64
2.02 80.60
2.02 81.20
2. 05 81.81
2.03 81. 41
2.04 81.20
2.05 81.20
2. 06 82.62
2. 05 82. 62
2.06 84.05
2.13 84.24
2.12 83.43
2.15 85.48
D rugs and m edicines
G um and wood
chem icals
$1. 69 $59.36
1.79 64.22
1.80 69.21
1.82 64.83
1.82 65.10
1.83 64. 48
1. 84 64. 58
1.84 65.36
1.84 65.05
1.84 67.89
1.86 66.17
1.86 67. 73
1.86 69.17
1.87 68.80
1.87 70. 64
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
Industrial organic
chem icals *
$1.90
2.09
2. 11
2.13
2.12
2.13
2.12
2.13
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.20
2. 20
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.2
40.6
41.3
41.2
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.9
41.3
41.9
Vegetable oils
$1.34 $57.07
1,42 59.67
1.40 59. 72
1.37 61.00
1.39 62.10
1.41 62.82
1. 42 61.36
1.46 61. 58
1.47 62. 44
1.51 63. 66
1.54 63. 35
1.56 64. 53
1.58 64.96
1. 58 64. 37
1.47 61.98
46.4
45. 9
47.4
48.8
48.9
48.7
47.2
46.3
46.6
45.8
44.3
44.2
43.6
43.2
46.6
$1.23
1. 30
1.26
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.30
1.33
1.34
1. 39
1.43
1. 46
1.49
1.49
1.33
Products of petroleum and coal
Compressed and
liquefied gases
$1.39 $74.10
1.49 80.37
1.49 83. 57
1.53 81.02
1.53 80.67
1.53 80.10
1. 56 81.67
1. 57 80.67
1. 57 80.10
1. 56 82.06
1.56 81.29
1.56 81.71
1.55 82. 52
1.55 82. 71
1.55 82. 54
42.1
42.3
43.3
42.2
41.8
41.5
42.1
41.8
41.5
42.3
41.9
41.9
42.1
42.2
41.9
Total: P rodu cts of
petroleum and coal
$1.76 $34. 85
1.90 90.17
1.93 94.35
1.92 91.80
1.93 92.21
1.93 91.98
1.94 91.53
1.93 90. 68
1. 93 90.45
1.94 91.08
1.94 93. 52
1.95 93. 98
1.96 94. 53
1.96 93. 07
1.97 95. 58
40.8
40.8
41.2
40.8
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.3
41.2
41.4
41.1
41.0
41.2
Petroleum refining
$2.09 $88. 44
2.21 94.19
2.29 97. 68
2.25 94.71
2.26 96. 46
2.26 96.05
2. 26 95. 58
2.25 94. 47
2. 25 94. 47
2.26 94. 87
2. 27 97.17
2. 27 97.17
2.30 97.51
2. 27 96.05
2.32 97.61
40.2
40.6
40.7
40.3
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.2
40.2
40.2
41.0
41.0
40.8
40.7
40.5
$2.20
2.32
2. 40
2.35
2.37
2. 30
2.36
2. 35
2.35
2.36
2. 37
2.37
2.39
2.36
2.41
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1400
Table C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1— Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Products of petro
leum and coal—Con.
Year and month
Coke and other pe
troleum and coal
products
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1952: Average............ $73. 74
78. 81
1953: Average...........
83. 07
September___
October............ 81.83
78.72
November___
December____ 77. 36
77. 57
1954: January_____
February......... 77.52
March_______ 75. 98
A p r il............... 76.95
M a y .................. 80. 06
June.................. 83.27
July..... ............. 83.78
83.13
August______
87.87
September___
41.9
41.7
42.6
42.4
41.0
40.5
40.4
40.8
40.2
40.5
41.7
42.7
42.1
42.2
43.5
1952: Average_____ $64. 48
68.23
1953: Average_____
67.86
September___
October........... 67.99
68. 38
November___
December____ 69. 43
1954: January........... 68.68
February........ 68.34
March_______ 67.64
April................. 67.34
M ay .............. 68. 25
69.70
June________
J u l y . . . ............ 68. 43
A ugust............. 68. 99
68.15
September___
39.8
39.9
39.0
39.3
39.3
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.1
38.7
39.0
39.6
39.1
39.2
38.5
Total: Rubber
products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.76 $74. 48
1.89 77. 78
1. 95 74.88
1.93 75.07
1. 92 75. 65
1. 91 75. 66
1. 92 75.08
1.90 75.47
1. 89 74. 31
1.90 75.08
1.92 77. 81
1. 95 79.60
1.99 76.83
1.97 76. 25
2.02 79. 60
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished
40.7
40.3
39.0
39.1
39.4
39.2
38.7
38.9
38.5
38.7
39.7
40.2
39.4
39.1
40.2
41.1
41.7
41.4
40.8
40.5
41.9
41.2
40.0
38.9
39.1
38.0
39.4
38.8
40.1
39.9
Tires and inner
tubes
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
$1.83 $85. 65
1.93 88.31
1.92 83. 54
1.92 83.16
1.92 85.09
1.93 82 43
1.94 82.88
1.94 83. 03
1.93 80.89
1. 94 84.14
1.96 88. 65
1.98 92.06
1.95 87.01
1.95 85. 65
1.98 89.95
Industrial leather
belting and packing
$1. 62 $64.12
1. 71 67. 97
1.74 67.90
1.73 66.50
1. 74 66.02
1. 74 70. 39
1.73 69.22
1.73 66.80
1.73 64.57
1. 74 64.91
1.75 61.94
1. 76 65.01
1.75 63.63
1.76 66.97
1.77 66.63
40.4
39.6
37.8
37.8
38.5
37.3
37.5
37.4
36.6
37.9
39.4
40.2
38.5
37.4
39.8
1952: Average........... $44.15
1953: Average............ 44. 04
September___ 42.94
October______ 44.53
44.41
November___
December____ 44.53
1954: January........... 43. 54
44. 02
February____
March_______ 44. 27
A pril................ 43. 77
44. 02
M ay________
June.................. 43. 65
July_________ 43. 79
A u g u st........... 44.90
45.14
September___
37.1
36.4
35.2
46.5
36.4
36.5
35.4
35.5
35.7
35.3
35.5
35.2
35.6
36.5
37.0
$1.56 $49.40
1.63 50.16
1.64 47. 22
1.63 47.44
1.63 48. 33
1.68 51.72
1.68 50. 65
1.67 50.67
1.66 50.52
1.66 48.06
1.63 48. 96
1.65 50.12
1.64 49.50
1.67 48. 55
1.67 49. 71
38.9
38.0
35. ö
35.4
35.8
38.6
37.8
38.1
37.7
35.6
36.0
37.4
37.5
36.5
37.1
1952: Average............ $56.30
60.01
1953: Average_____
58.90
September___
October______ 60.74
60.98
November___
December........ 61.24
1954: January...........
57. 57
February......... 59.94
M a rch ............ 60. 49
April................. 59.19
59.10
M a y ________
58.29
June.................
July..... ............. 59.95
61.76
August______
September___ 62.02
40.8
41.1
39.8
41.6
41.2
41.1
38.9
40.5
40.6
39.2
39.4
38.6
39.7
40.9
40.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40.4
40.0
39.9
38.8
39.0
39.9
38.4
39.5
39.7
38.3
39.2
40.3
40.5
40.0
39.4
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.54 $66. 58
1.64 70. 93
1. 61 69. 65
1. 62 70. 70
1. 63 70.53
1.64 72. 45
1. 64 70. 62
1.66 70. 40
1.65 70 22
1.66 69.30
1.67 70. 98
1. 67 70. 98
1.69 70.62
1.66 71.15
1.69 73.03
Footwear (except
rubber)
$1.27 $48.26
1. 32 49.10
1.33 45.41
1. 34 45.67
1.35 45.80
1.34 49.10
1. 34 49. 37
1.33 50.41
1.34 49.98
1.35 46.42
1.36 45. 89
1.34 47. 75
1.32 48.73
1.33 48.71
1.34 46.82
38.0
37.2
34.4
34.6
34.7
37.2
37.4
37.9
37.3
34.9
34.5
35.9
37.2
36.9
35.2
41.1
41.0
39.8
40.4
40.3
40.7
39.9
40.0
39.9
39.6
40.1
40.1
39.9
40.2
40.8
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.62 $50.69
1.73 51.65
1. 75 48. 99
1. 75 49.68
1. 75 49. 82
1.78 52. 03
1. 77 51.89
1. 76 52.44
1. 76 52.40
1. 75 49.13
1. 77 49.21
1. 77 51.01
1.77 51.38
1. 77 51. 24
1.79 50.09
40.5
39.1
39.1
39.4
39.2
35.6
35.4
34.2
37.2
36.4
38.4
39.0
38.4
38.0
39.4
38.4
37.7
35.5
36.0
36.1
37.7
37.6
38.0
37.7
35.6
35.4
36.7
37.5
37.4
36.3
$1. 32
1. 37
1.38
1. 38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1. 38
1.39
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.37
1.37
1.38
Handbags and small
leather goods
Luggage
$1.27 $56.70
1. 32 57.09
1.32 58.65
1. 32 59.49
1. 32 58.02
1.32 53. 40
1.32 53.10
1.33 51.64
1.34 56.17
1.33 54.60
1. 33 57.60
1.33 58.11
1.31 56.83
1.32 56.24
1.33 60.68
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.40 $45.08
1.46 46.99
1. 50 44.65
1.51 48.38
1.48 49.13
1.50 48.24
1.50 46.38
1. 51 48.88
1. 51 49. 38
1. 50 45.00
1. 50 45.18
1.49 47.13
1.48 46. 62
1.48 47.82
1.54 48.22
38.2
38.2
36.3
38.7
39.3
38.9
37.1
39. 1
39.5
36.0
35.3
37.7
37.9
39.2
39.2
$1.18
1.23
1.23
1.25
1. 25
1. 24
1. 25
1. 25
1.25
1. 25
1.28
1.25
1.23
1.22
1. 23
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products
$1. 19 $66.33
1. 21 70.35
1.22 71.10
1.22 72.10
1. 22 71. 05
1. 22 71.23
1.23 69. 48
1.24 70.70
1.24 70.30
1.24 70.18
1.24 71.10
1. 24 70. 70
1.23 71.33
1.23 72.04
1.22 72.85
Glass products made
of purchased glass
$2.12 $62.22
2.23 65.60
2. 21 64.24
2.20 62. 86
2.21 63. 57
2. 21 65. 44
2. 21 62.98
2.22 65. 57
2. 21 65. 51
2.22 63.58
2. 25 65. 46
2. 29 67.30
2.26 68.45
2. 29 66.40
2.26 66. 59
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Total: Leather and
leather products
Other rubber
products
Rubber footwear
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Boot and shoe cut
stock and findings
Leather and leather
products—Con.
Gloves and miseellaneous leather goods
Leather and leather
products
Rubber products
41.2
40.9
40.4
41.2
40.6
40.7
39.7
40.4
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.4
40.3
40.7
40.7
$1.61 $85. 65
1. 72 97.34
1.76 91. 72
1.75 95.75
1. 75 97. 77
1. 75 98. 42
1.75 99. 31
1.75 100.28
1.74 96.00
1. 75 96.80
1. 76 99. 38
1. 75 96.64
1.77 97.84
1.77 96.29
1. 79 99.45
Cement, hydraulic
$1. 38 $67.72
1.46 73.39
1.48 77.75
1. 46 74.82
1.48 72.75
1.49 73. 46
1.48 73. 51
1. 48 74.05
1. 49 73.81
1.51 74. 05
1.50 73. 98
1.51 77.10
1.51 78.44
1. 51 76.36
1. 52 79.61
41.8
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.1
41.5
41.3
41.6
41.7
41.6
41.1
41.9
41.5
41.5
41.9
40.4
40.9
38.7
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.7
41.1
40.0
40.0
40.4
40.1
40.1
39.3
40.1
$2.12 $62.09
2.38 67.89
2.37 69.17
2.37 69.08
2.42 70.13
2.43 69. 34
2.44 68.64
2.44 70.09
2. 40 70. 49
2.42 68.94
2. 46 69. 81
2.41 69. 45
2. 44 69.50
2. 45 70. 77
2.48 71. 71
Structural clay
products *
$1.62 $60.09
1. 76 64.06
1.86 65. 37
1.79 66.98
1. 77 65.92
1. 77 65.03
1.78 62. 81
1.78 64.40
1.77 64.08
1.78 65. 85
1.80 66. 74
1.84 66.33
1.89 66.17
1. 84 67.23
1. 90 67.65
40.6
40.8
40.6
41.6
41.2
40.9
39.5
40.5
40.3
40. S
41.2
41.2
41.1
41.5
41.0
Pressed and blown
glass
Glass and glassware,
pressed or blow n4
Flat glass
39.8
39.7
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.4
39.0
39.6
39.6
3A 3
39.0
38.8
38.4
39.1
39.4
$1. 56 $63.12
1.71 69.60
1.76 68.89
1. 74 70.80
1. 78 72.09
1.76 72.50
1.76 70.35
1. 77 72. 54
1. 78 72.80
1.80 72.52
1.79 73.38
1. 79 72.83
1.81 70.98
1.81 73.45
1.82 71.60
Brick and hollow tile
$1. 48 $58. 51
1. 57 61. 77
1. 61 62.60
1. 61 64.96
1.60 64. 22
1. 5S 63. 77
1. 59 59.13
1. 58 62.05
1. 58 62.31
1.61 65.53
1.62 65.82
1.61 65.22
1.61 65. 21
1.62 66.40
1. 65 66. 22
42.4
42.6
42.3
43.6
43.1
42.8
40.5
42.5
42.1
43.4
43. Î
43.2
42.9
43.4
43.0
39.7
40.0
38.7
40.0
40. 5
40.5
39.3
40.3
40.0
39.2
40.1
39.8
39.0
39.7
38.7
$1. 59 $60. 89
1. 74 65. 46
1. 78 69.20
1. 77 66.81
1. 78 68.00
1. 79 65. 53
1. 79 66. 61
1. 80 66. 95
1. 82 67.47
1. 85 63. 81
1.83 65.25
1.83 65. 25
1.82 66. 75
1.85 66. 85
1. 85 71.96
Floor and wall tile
$1.38 $62.64
1. 45 67. 47
1.48 68.28
1. 49 69. 77
1. 40 68.95
1. 49 66.90
1. 46 66. 36
1. 46 66.36
1.48 67.54
1.51 67.03
1.52 68.40
1.51 70.18
1.52 68.68
1. 52 69.19
1.54 69.26
39.9
40.4
40.4
40.8
40.8
40.3
39.5
39.5
40.2
39.9
40.0
40.8
40.4
40.7
40. 5
39.8
39.2
40.0
39.3
38.2
38.1
38.5
38.7
39.0
37.1
37.5
37.5
37.5
38.2
40.2
$1.53
1.67
1.73
1.70
1.78
1. 72
1.73
1.73
1. 73
1. 72
1.74
1.74
1.78
1.75
1. 79
Sewer pipe
$1. 57 $59. 98
1. 67 64.56
1.69 64.94
1.71 66. 91
1. 69 67. 2S
1.66 64. 55
1.68 63. 20
1.68 64. 41
1.68 64.96
1.68 66. 26
1.71 68.06
1.72 67. 57
1.70 68.64
1.70 69. 22
1. 71 68. 38
39.2
40. 1
39.6
40 8
40.5
39.6
39.5
40.0
40.1
40.4
41.0
41.2
41.1
41.7
40.7
$1.53
1.61
1.64
1.64
1.66
1.63
1.60
1. 61
1.62
1.64
1.66
1.64
1.67
1.66
1.68
0 : EARNINGS AND HOURS
1401
T a b l e C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Year and month
Clay refractories
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1952: Average...........
1953: Average_____
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1954: January.........
February____
March______
April...........
M ay_______
Ju n e ........ ......
Ju ly ________
August_____
September___
$ 61.60
38.5
38.2
37.8
38.6
37.8
38.3
37.7
37.6
36.4
36.0
36.7
36.1
36.7
36.9
36.4
66.85
69.17
69.09
67.28
67.79
67.11
66.93
65.16
64. 44
66.06
64. 98
66.06
67.16
69. 52
Pottery and related
products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$ 1.60
$ 61.15
1.75
1.83
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.78
1.78
1. 79
1.79
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.82
1.91
62.04
60.59
63. 20
62.42
61.62
60.14
61.62
62.66
60. 79
60.82
59. 95
57.63
60.33
60.67
38.7
37.6
36.5
38.3
37.6
36.9
35.8
36.9
37.3
36.4
36.2
35.9
34.1
35.7
35.9
Concrete, gypsum,
and plaster products 4
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$ 1.58
$ 70.65
1.65
1.66
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.67
1. 68
1.67
1.68
1.67
1.69
1.69
1.69
72.87
74.21
76.37
73.35
73.25
70.31
72.48
72.38
73. 04
73. 48
73. 54
75.99
76.05
76.16
45.0
43.9
43.4
44.4
43.4
43.6
42.1
43.4
43.6
44.0
44.0
44.3
44.7
45.0
44.8
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$ 1.57
1.66
1.71
1.72
1.69
1.68
1.67
1.67
1.66
1.66
1. 67
1.66
1.70
1. 69
1.70
$ 70.
22
71.56
71.81
74.93
71.28
71.94
68.30
70.63
70.79
70.56
71. 44
72.45
73.35
73.51
73.19
45.3
43.9
43.0
44.6
43.2
43.6
41.9
43.6
43.7
44.1
44.1
45.0
45.0
45.1
44.9
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$ 1.55
$ 60.01
1.63
1.67
1.68
1.65
1.65
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.60
1.62
1.61
1.63
1.63
1.63
63.91
63. 71
65.60
64.06
66.34
61.29
63. 55
64.12
64. 27
65.16
63.18
62.87
64. 78
64.94
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Abrasive products
1952: Average_____
1953: Average...........
September___
October....... .
November___
December.......
1954: January...........
February____
M arch.. ___
April_______
M ay________
June________
July________
August_____
September___
$ 73.
45
79.98
76.04
77.62
78. 41
79.20
76.44
75.86
75.47
74.69
75. 86
75. 27
73.06
73.48
73. 88
39.7
40.6
38.6
39.2
39.4
40.0
39.0
38.9
38.7
38.3
38.9
38.8
36.9
37.3
37.5
$ 1.85
1.97
1.97
1.98
1.99
1.98
1. 96
1.95
1. 95
1.95
1.95
1.94
1.98
1.97
1.97
Electrometallurgical
products
1952: Average_____
1953: Average_____
September___
October_____
November___
December.......
954: January_____
February........
March.... ........
April. ____
M ay________
June________
J u ly ...............
August______
September-----
41.1
41.0
41.6
39.6
40.3
40.0
39.9
39.8
39.7
40.7
39.8
39.7
39.7
39.5
40.7
$ 76.04
80.36
85.70
77.62
78.99
78.40
77.41
77.61
77.02
80.18
78. 41
79.00
79.80
79.00
83.44
September___
October____
November___
December___
1954 January_____
February____
March______
April_______
M ay________
June________
J u ly ...............
A u g u s t..........
September___
$ 75.
80.
06
41
84. 20
81.48
82.45
81.60
82.49
77.93
74.66
74.28
74. 66
76. 21
75.85
76.59
74.88
41.7
42.1
42.1
42.0
42.5
42.5
42.3
40.8
39.5
39.3
39.5
39.9
39.3
40.1
38.4
See footnotes at end of table
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$ 71.
57
76.43
77.41
78.14
77.04
76.44
75.07
75.81
74.52
74. 37
77.23
79.71
78.40
78. 25
79.95
42.6
42.7
42.3
42.7
42.1
42.0
40.8
41.2
40.5
40.2
41.3
42.4
41.7
41.4
42.3
$ 65.70
1.79
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.87
1.88
1.88
1. 89
1. 89
71.51
73.16
70.69
67.97
73.00
71.64
69.95
65.14
61.74
61.04
60.28
63.24
65. 93
68. 51
$ 72.22
1.96
2.06
1.96
1.96
1.96
1.94
1.95
1. 94
1. 97
1.97
1.99
2.01
2.00
2.05
76.33
75.05
74.28
73.90
75.43
74.30
72. 77
72.77
72.96
72.77
73. 53
72.95
74.10
74.30
40.8
40.6
39.5
39.3
39.1
39.7
38.9
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.7
38.6
39.0
38.9
77
1.88
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.89
1.90
1. 91
$ 76.08
1.91
2.00
1.94
1.94
1.92
1.95
1.91
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.91
1.93
1.91
1. 95
81.81
85. 32
83.01
85.06
84. 25
84.66
82.80
83.84
84.45
84.45
84.45
85.24
84. 82
85.44
41.8
40.5
39.5
40.1
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.0
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.3
$ 69.89
74.89
73.84
74.03
73. 47
74.40
73. 51
71.61
71.42
72.56
72.56
73. 30
72. 73
73. 49
73.88
$ 1.46
$ 69.83
74. 07
1.54
1.55
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.64
1.55
1.56
1. 56
1. 57
1. 56
1.56
1. 58
1. 58
74.74
73.97
72.86
74.56
73.08
72.68
72.50
71.02
72.52
73.47
72. 91
73. 28
74. 24
40.6
40.7
40.4
40.2
39.6
40.3
39.5
39.5
39.4
38.6
39.2
39.5
39.2
39.4
39.7
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$ 1.72
1.82
1.85
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.85
1.84
1.84
1 84
1.85
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.87
$ 1.81
1.97
2.01
1.98
1.97
2.00
1.99
2.01
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.97
1.97
1.98
1.98
40.4
40.7
39.7
39.8
39.5
40.0
39.1
38.5
38.4
38.8
38.8
39.2
39.1
39.3
39.3
$ 1.73
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.88
1.86
1.86
1.87
1.87
1.87
1.86
1.87
1.88
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills 4
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills, except electro
metallurgical prod
ucts
$ 1.90
$ 79.60
2.06
2.13
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.07
2.08
2.11
2.10
2.13
$ 79.
87.48
90.80
88.04
86.33
85. 46
84.80
81.27
79.12
79.39
81. 22
83. 22
84.00
82.43
84. 52
Total: Prim ary metal
industries
$ 77.33
84. 25
85.63
83.82
82.78
82.78
81.74
79.52
78. 28
77.90
79. 49
80.70
80.81
80. 64
82.01
40.7
40.9
40.2
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.3
38.6
38.0
38.0
38.4
38.8
38.3
38.4
38.5
Malleable-iron
foundries
$ 70.
76.
56
95
73.14
73. 90
71.63
73.34
72. 77
70.11
74.68
72.58
72.01
71.25
69.55
75.07
74.11
39.2
40.5
38.7
39.1
37.9
38.6
38.1
36.9
39.1
37.8
37.7
37.7
36.8
39.1
38.2
$ 1.80
$ 77.70
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.89
1.92
1.94
79.98
78.80
75.83
76.63
78.80
76.43
77.81
76.43
73.68
73.48
74. 45
75.04
75.62
75.42
Rolling, drawing,
and alloying of nonferrous m etals 4
$ 1.82
$ 68.15
2.02
2.16
2.07
2.09
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.08
2. 08
2.11
2.11
2.12
73.63
73.80
73. 51
72.92
75.36
73.62
73.03
72.85
72.85
73.80
75.12
73.31
72. 67
75.99
$ 74.29
82. 91
41.3
41.6
41.0
41.3
41.2
42.1
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.0
41.5
40.5
40.6
41.3
$ 1.65
1.77
1.80
1.78
1.77
1.79
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.79
1.84
83.22
81.97
80.38
80. 59
78.21
77.82
77.82
78.41
80.20
81.19
79.60
80.60
83.43
41.5
42.3
41.2
41.4
40.8
40.7
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.6
40.3
40.8
40.0
40.1
41.1
40.0
40.5
40.0
40.2
39.6
39.2
38.9
37.8
36.8
37.1
37.6
38.0
37.5
37.3
37.4
$ 1.99
2.16
2.27
2.19
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.16
2.19
2.24
2.21
2.26
$ 1.79
1.96
2.02
1.98
1. 97
1.98
1.97
1.97
1. 97
1.98
1.99
1.99
1.99
2.01
2. 03
42.0
40.6
39.4
38.3
38.7
39.6
38.6
39.3
38.6
37.4
37.3
37.6
37.9
38.0
37.9
60
87.48
90.80
88.04
86.33
85.46
84.80
81.27
79.12
79.18
81.22
83.22
84.00
82.43
84.52
40.0
40.5
40.0
40.2
39.6
39.2
38.9
37.8
36.8
37.0
37.6
38.0
37.5
37.3
37.4
$ 1.99
2.16
2.27
2.19
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.16
2.19
2.24
2.21
2.26
Primary
smelting
and refining of nonferrous metals 4
Steel foundries
Secondary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
Primary refining of
aluminum
$ 1.80
36.3
36.3
36.4
35.7
34.5
36.5
36.0
34.8
32.9
31.5
31.3
30.6
32.1
33.3
34.6
Gray-iron foundries
$ 1.
41.1
41.5
41.1
42.6
41.6
42.8
39.8
41.0
41.1
41.2
41.5
40.5
40.3
41.0
41.1
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Prim ary metal Industries
Nonclay refractories
$ 1.68
Iron and steel
foundries 4
$ 1.85
Primary
smelting
and refining of cop
per, lead, and zinc
1952: Average..........
1953: Average_____
Asbestos products
Miscellaneous nonmetallic
mineral
products 4
Cut-stone and stone
products
Concrete products
$ 1.85
$ 75.48
1.97
2.00
1.98
1.98
1.99
1.98
1.98
1. 98
1.97
1.97
1.98
1.98
1. 99
1. 99
80.93
85.08
82.39
82.98
82. 54
83.40
79.98
78.20
78.41
78.40
79. 39
79.60
79.60
79.59
41.7
41.5
41.3
41.4
41.7
41.9
41.7
40.6
39.9
39.8
40.0
40.3
39.8
40.2
39.4
$ 1.81
1.95
2.06
1.99
1.99
1.97
2.00
1.97
1.96
1.97
1. 96
1.97
2.00
1.98
2.02
Rolling, drawing, and Rolling, drawing, and
alloying of copper
alloying of aluminum
$ 76.
49
85.37
83.64
81.99
81.39
81.20
77. 21
75.64
76.43
76.23
79. 80
82. 01
81.40
80.40
84. 25
41.8
42.9
41.2
41.2
40.9
40.6
38.8
38.2
38.6
38.5
39.9
40.8
40.7
40.0
41.3
$ 1.83
1.99
2.03
1.99
1.99
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.98
1.98
2.00
2.01
2.00
2.01
2.04
$ 69.
95
77.93
80.80
80.16
76.82
77.79
77.99
78.57
77.99
79. 58
79. 58
79. 77
75.85
80.00
81.81
40.2
40.8
40.2
40.9
39.6
40.1
40.2
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.6
40.7
38.5
40.0
40.5
$ 1.74
1.91
2.01
1.96
1.94
1. 94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.96
1.96
1.96
1.97
2.00
2.02
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1402
T
able
C - l : H o u r s a n d g r o s s e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s o r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s 1— C o n t in u e d
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal
products (except ord
nance, machinery,
and transportation
equipment)
Primary metal industries—Continued
Year and month
prima
Nonferrous foundries Miscellaneous
ry metal industries 4 Iron and steel forgings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$77.79
1952: Average........ .
1953: Average........
Septem ber..
October____
N ovem ber...
D ecem ber...
1954: January........
February___
March_____
April ............
M ay..............
June_______
July----------August_____
Septem ber..
80.97
80.60
81.60
80.00
81.61
80.40
80.20
79.00
78.01
79.00
79.19
77.79
79. 80
80.99
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
41.6
41.1
40.5
40.8
40.0
40.6
40.0
40.1
39.5
39.2
39.5
39.4
38.7
39.7
39.7
$1.87 $82.15
1.97
1.99
2.00
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.00
2.00
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.04
Tin cans and other
tinware
$69.31
75.71
78.02
74.89
75.70
77.93
77. 79
81.71
79.32
78.94
82. 74
83.13
82.12
83.13
80.95
1953: Average..........
September___
October_____
1954: January.
March______
April................
M ay________
June.............. .
July----- -----A ugust...........
41.5
41.6
42.4
40.7
40.7
41.9
40.1
41.9
41.1
40.9
42.0
42.2
41.9
42.2
41.3
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.94
1.95
1.93
1.93
1.97
1.97
1.96
1.97
1.96
$73.60
75. 64
72.58
76. 43
76.04
75.66
74.69
74.69
76.01
72. 58
75. 66
77. 79
75.83
79.38
76. 05
September__
October........ .
December__
1954: January.........
February.......
March______
M a y .............
June________
July.................
August-------September__
40.0
39.6
37.8
39.6
39.4
39.2
38.9
38.9
39.4
37.8
39.2
40.1
39.7
40.5
39.0
Sheet-metalwork
1952: Average.......... $75.18
80.22
1953: Average..........
82. 7]
Septem ber...
October_____ . 83.46
December__
1954: January.........
February___
March_____
April_______
M ay_______
June............
July...............
August_____
Septem ber...
.
.
.
.
.
.
_
.
.
.
80.90
80.93
77.95
76.80
77.59
77.18
79.73
79. 9!
79.54
79.37
79.17!
42.0
42.0
42.2
42.8
41.7
41.5
40.6
40.0
40.2
40.2
41.
41.2
41. C
40.7
40. 6¡
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
74.05
72.27
72.67
73.39
74.39
73.16
73.38
72.04
72.62
74.74
72.65
72.29
74.74
74. 93
72.32
71.31
73. 71
71.13
72.80
70. 46
72.29
71.92
69.87
72.29
73.38
70.62
73.53
73.97
2.11
2.14
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.12
2.12
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
41.1
41.6
40.6
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.2
40.1
39.8
39.9
40.4
39.7
39.5
40.4
40.5
41.1
40.4
39.4
40.5
39.3
40.0
38.5
39.5
39.3
38.6
39.5
40.1
38.8
40.4
40.2
78.81
76.78
78.91
78.12
79.90
81.16
78.76
77.97
78.18
80. 3f
79.58
76.44
78. 4C
79.51
41.5
41.7
40.2
41.1
40.9
41.4
41.2
40.6
40.4
40.3
41.6
40.6
39.2
40. C
40.4
91.12
88.66
89.95
90.13
90. 35
88. 40
87. 56
85. 58
83. 22
84.04
84.42
84. 80
86.08
85. 63
1.78
1.78
1.79
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.81
1.82
1.85
1.83
1.83
1.85
1. 85
67.32
68.89
69.22
69.39
67.89
64.12
65.67
65. 44
63.41
66.00
65.74
64. 29
66.17
66. 73
80.75
80. 48
83.03
81. 87
83.23
80. 26
79.49
78.65
78. 72
79.30
80.06
79. ia
79.73
79.35
2.18
2. 20
2.21
2. 22
2.22
2. 21
2.20
2.20
2.19
2.20
2. 21
2.22
2.23
2.23
41.0
41.3
41.5
41.7
41.8
40.9
39.1
39.8
39.9
38.9
40.0
39.6
39.2
40.1
40.2
42.3
42.5
41.7
42.8
42.2
42.9
41.8
41.4
41.2
41.0
41.3
41.7
41. C
41.1
40.9
37.5
38.6
36.4
38.2
38.2
38.6
38.2
38.5
38.5
38.5
38.'
6 1 . oe
59. o:
36.2
35.;
59. 7S 37.:
61.75 38.1
57.15
58. 8Í
59. 5£
60. 6(
61.88
61. 6<
60. 8;
60. 8c
5 6 . ia
84.87
83. 79
82.19
81.12
82. 78
81.14
81.54
81.33
81.33
84.21
86. 92
84.80
85.65
86.48
1.63
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.64
1.65
1. 64
1.63
1.65
1.66
1.64
1. 65
1.66
74.70
73.62
73.49
74.03
74.07
73. 57
73.42
73.05
72.10
72.31
72.13
70.84
73.26
73. 26
80.26
84.39
83.23
85.17
82.18
80.79
79.99
79. 42
80. 41
81.75
79.46
80. 87
79.30
2.07
2.10
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.07
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.10
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.13
41.3
41.5
40.9
40.6
40.9
40.7
40.2
39.9
39.7
39.4
39.3
39.2
38.5
39.6
39.6
42.4
43.0
41.8
43.5
42.9
43.9
42.8
42.3
42.1
41.8
42.1
42.8
41.6
41. £
41.3
81.77
80.36
81.97
83. 6c
80. 7Í
80.19
80. 60
83. 0:
82. 2:
79. 4C
80. 6C
82.45
41.8
42. (
40.4
41. c
41. (
41.'
41.'
40.6
40.5
40.5
41.
40. £
39. £
40.:
40.6
a
84.45
82. 56
85.67
84.42
85.84
83.37
82.16
82.16
82. 97
84.85
86.09
85. 24
83.16
86.24
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
41.4
40.6
39.5
40.6
40.2
40.3
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.7
40.6
40.8
40.4
39.6
40.3
$1.96 $72.38
77.15
75.70
77.23
76. 67
78.02
76.92
76 33
75.95
75.39
77.33
76. 92
75.60
76. 95
77.14
2.08
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.13
2.10
2.08
2.08
2. 09
2.09
2.11
2.11
2.10
2.14
$1.68 $70.69
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.85
1. 85
75.89
72.76
73.16
74. 26
77.00
76.33
75.76
74.03
75. 95
78.50
75.01
75. 79
77.93
78.31
78,44
76.95
76.67
76.52
79.61
75.39
74.86
76. 21
76. 42
76. 99
79.16
79.35
78. 3Í
79.58
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.86
1.88
1.88
1.86
1.88
1.91
1.88
1.89
1.91
1. 91
41.7
41.5
40.5
41.0
40.7
41.9
40.1
39.4
39.9
39.8
40.1
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.6
73.57
71.76
74.56
72.31
73.63
71.80
73.10
73.10
70. 66
73.28
74. 59
72.34
75.14
74. 43
72.50
69. 74
73.67
72.90
75.58
72. 5Í
70.49
70.13
70. 3£
71.82
71. 1C
71.28
2.o:
2. o:
70. 7:
2. 03; 71.96
40.0
40.5
39.4
40.7
40.5
41.3
40.1
39.6
39. 4
39.3
39. £
39. £
39.
39. £
40.2
$1.74
1.85
1.86
1.87
1. 87
1.88
1.89
1.88
1.88
1.88
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.90
40.8
40.2
39.0
40.3
39.3
39.8
38.6
39.3
39.3
38.4
39.4
40.1
39.1
40.4
39.8
$1.74
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.86
1. 86
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.85
1.86
1.87
Boiler-shop products
$1.78 $74.80
1.89 80. 94
1.90 80. 48
82.88
81. 48
82.60
80.87
80. 67
79.30
78. 94
78.74
78. 74
77.79
78. 76
79.151
1.87
1.88
1.90
1.88
1.90
1. 91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.94
1. 94
1.96
Lighting fixtures
$1.85 $68.00
1.95
1.97
1.98
1.96
1.98
2.02
1.99
1.98
1.99
2. 0:
2.01
$1.72 $70.99
Metal doors, sash,
frames, molding, and
trim
$1.77 $74.23
1.89
1.92
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.92
1.91
1. 90
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.93
1.92
41.1
41.7
40.2
40.2
40.8
41.4
40.6
40.3
39.8
40.4
41. 1
39.9
40.1
40.8
41.0
41.6
41.7
40.7
41.3
41.0
41.5
40.7
40.6
40.4
40.1
40.7
40.7
40.0
40.5
40.6
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies 4
Hardware
Stamped and pressed
metal products
$1.44 $77.33
1. 5c 81. 9(
1.57 79. 5E
1.54
1.56
1.57
1.62
1. 6(
1.58
1.58
1. 59
1. 6:
1. 5E
l. 6:
1.65
$1.95 $81.14
Structural steel and
ornamental metal-
$1.77 $75.05
1. 90 81.27
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.92
1. 92
1.92
1. 9a
1.94
1.94
41.3
41.0
39.9
39.9
39.0
39.8
39.2
39.2
39.1
39.1
40.1
41.0
40.0
40.4
40.6
Handtools
$1.55 $69.38
Vitreous-enameled
products
$1.79 $54.00
1. 8£ 59.06
1.91
1.92
1.91
1.93
1.97
1.94
1.93
1. 9'
1. 96
1.96
1.95
1.96
1.97
$2.04 $80.54
Fabricated structur
al metal products 4
$1.70 $74.87
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.81
1.83
1.83
1.82
1.82
1.84
42.2
41.8
40.3
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.0
39.8
38.9
38.0
38.2
38.2
38.2
38.6
38.4
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Cutlery and edgetools
$1.68 $63. 55
Metal stamping,
coating, and engrav
ing 4
$1.79 $74.29
1.91
1.96
1.95
1.94
1. 95
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.92
1.94
1. 9'
1.94
1.95
1.95
$1.97 $86.09
Oil burners, nonelec
tric heating and cook
ing apparatus, not
elsewhere classified
$1.84 $69.87
1.91
1. 92
1.93
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.91
1.96
1.95
41.7
41.5
40.4
40.9
40.2
40.4
39.6
39.4
39.0
38.7
39.4
39.9
39.3
39.5
39.7
Cutlery, handtools,
and hardware 4
$1.67 $69.05
Sanitary ware and
plumbers’ supplies
1952: Average_____
1953: Average-------
87.57
86.46
86.71
85.63
86.05
83.95
83. 53
82.29
81.66
83.53
85. 39
84.10
84. 53
85.36
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Total: Fabricated
metal products
Welded and heavyriveted pipe
Wire drawing
42.5
42.6
41.7
42.5
42.0
42.8
41.9
41.8
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.8
40.1
40.6
40.8
$1.76
1.90
1.93
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
Fabricated wire prod
ucts
$1.70 $68.30
1.79
1.77
1.81
1.80
1.83
1.81
1.78
1.78
1. 7«
1. 8C
1. 8C
1. 8C
1.79
1.79
72.62
71.82
73.89
73.12
71.31
73.02
72.04
72. 76
71. 46
72.56
72. 8C
72. 94
73.12
72.76|
40.9
40.8
39.9
40.6
40.4
39.4
39.9
39.8
40.2
39.7
40.1
40. C
40.3
40.4
40.2
$1.67
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.83
1.81
1. 81
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.81
1. 81
1. 81
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
1403
C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except
electrical)
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
Year and month
Miscellaneous fabri
cated metal prod
ucts *
Avg. Avg.
wkly wkly
earn hours
ings
1952: Average____
1953: Average____
September...
October____
November__
December___
1954: January_____
February........
March...........
April............ .
May________
June________
July------------August______
September___
$73.0
42.
78.5
42.
76.3
41.
76.3
41.
76.3
41.
77.5
41.
74. 7(
40.
75. 8,
41.
74.3'
40.
72.4'
39.
73.75
40.
74. 5 (
40.
73.28
39.4
74.0C 40.
75.3C1 40.7
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly Avg.
earn earn wkly
ings
ings hours
$1.7
1.83
1 84
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8,
1.8
1.8,
1. 8(
1.8,
1.8,
Engines and turbines
1952: Average.......... $82.68
1953: Average_____ 85.28
September___ 85.89
October........... 87.14
November___ 85.88
December....... 88.61
1954: January_____ 86. 51
February____ 86. 30
March______
86.28
A pril............ . 83. 39
M av.. _____ 86.07
June................ 83.81
July__ _____
85.44
August______ 84. 77
September___ 85.60
42.4
41.2
40.9
41.3
40.7
41.6
41.0
40.9
40.7
39.9
40.6
40.1
40.3
39.8
40.0
43.6
41.8
39.9
40.7
40.7
41.0
40.9
41.5
41.2
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.0
40.3
39.5
M a c h in e -to o l
s o r ie s
1952: Average_____
1953: Average_____
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1954: January..........
February____
March.........
April...............
May................
June................
J u ly ............. .
August.. ___
September___
$95. 53
100. 93
100.33
103. 71
100.11
101.47
99.23
98.34
97.66
98.08
99. 62
99. 36
99. 59
100.02
97.94
46.6
46.3
45.4
46.3
45. 3
45. 5
44.7
44.1
43.6
43.4
43.5
43.2
43.3
43.3
42.4
See footnotes at end of table.
322061— 54 ----- 7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$79.6
82.3
82.4
83.4
82.2
83.8
81.4
82.0
82.6
80. 6(
85. 6?
84.84
77. 9!
85.08
82.81
43.
41.
40.
41.
40.
41.
40.1
40.
41.1
40.1
42.
42.
38.
41.1
40.4
42.8
42.0
42.8
42.8
41.7
42.8
42.0
42.2
42.5
40.0
41.2
38.8
40.5
41.2
40.1
$1.8, $74.2
1.9
83.1
79. 4(
2.0
2.01 81.6
2.01 81.8
2.0^ 84.2Î
2.01 81.4(
2.01 79. Of
2.01 77. o;
2.01 75. O'
2.04 75.04
2.05 77.81
2.01 76. 04
2.07 74.48
2.05 73.11
$2.08
2.23
2. 25
2. 28
2.26
2.33
2.31
2.30
2.33
2. 24
2. 30
2.22
2.28
2. 31
2.28
C o n s tr u c tio n a n d m i n
in g m a c h in e r y , ex
c e p t f o r o ilfie ld s
43.3 $1.77
$1.78 $76.64
41.5
1.90 78. 85
1.90
1.91 76. 59 40.1
1.91
1.92 76. 78 40.2
1.91
40.2
1.93 77.18
1.92
1.94 78.17
40.5
1.93
40.2
1.95 77. 59
1.93
40.6
1.95 78.36
1.93
1.94 78.74
40.8
1.93
40.4
1.93 77.57
1. 92
1.95 78. 57 40.5
1.94
1.95 78.98
40.5
1.95
1.95 77.21
39.8
1.94
1.95 76.82
39.6
1.94
1.95 76.43
39.6
1.93
Special-industry ma
acces
chinery (except
metalworking ma
chinery) 4
$2. 05
2. 18
2. 21
2. 24
2.21
2.23
2. 22
2.23
2. 24
2.26
2. 29
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.31
$77. 40
81.32
80. 26
81. 22
81.48
83.23
80. 51
81.29
80. 67
79.13
79.15
78. 55
77.78
77.78
78.98
43.0
42.8
41.8
42.3
42.0
42.9
41.5
41.9
41.8
41.0
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.3
40.5
S te e l s p r i n g s
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly Avg.
earn earn wkly
ings
ings hours
S te a m e n g in e s , tu r b in e s ,
a n d w a te r w h e e ls
$1.95 $89.02
2.07 93.66
2.10 96.30
2.11 97. 58
2.11 94. 24
2.13 99.72
2.11 97.02
2.11 97.06
2.12 99.03
2.09 89. 60
2.12 94.76
2.09 86.14
2.12 92. 34
2.13 95.17
2.14 91.43
Construction and min
ing machinery *
1952: Average_____ $77. 61
1953: Average_____ 79. 42
September___ 76. 21
October_____
78.14
November___ 78. 55
December___
79. 54
1954: January_____ 79.76
February____ 80. 93
March.........
79.93
April......... .
78.74
May________ 79. 76
June............. .
79. 95
July------------- 78. 00
August__ . . .
78. 59
September___ 77. 03
M e t a l s h ip p in g b a r r e ls
j
d r u m s , kegs, a n d p a il
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly Avg.
earn earn wkly
ings
ings hours
40.
$1.8: $72.8,
42.
1.9' 79. IS
40.
1.91 77.0
40.
2.01 76.6;
40.
2.01 ' 75.8
41.
2.01 77. li
40.'
2.0C 74. (X
40.1
1.97 75.95
39 .;
1.96 73.6(
38.;
1.96 72.55
37. t
1. 98 72.91
39.1
1.99 73.68
38.
1.97 73.14
38. C 1.96 74. 26
37.3
1.96 77.11
D i e s e l a n d o th e r i n
te r n a l
c o m b u s tio n
e n g i n e s , n o t e ls e w h e re c la s s ifie d
$80.37
82.41
82.01
83. 64
82.62
84. 87
82.42
82.62
81.20
81.00
82.82
83.23
83.02
80.36
82.99
42.3
41.0
40.2
40.8
40.3
41.2
40.6
40.5
40.0
39.9
40.4
40.6
40.3
39.2
39.9
44.4
42.4
39.4
41.8
41.8
42.3
42.6
43.6
42.0
41.8
41.9
42.1
40.3
41.9
39.4
$1.79
1.91
1.90
1. 94
1.96
1.97
1.99
1.98
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.96
1.96
1. 98
1.99
F o o d -p r o d u c ts m a
c h in e r y
$1.80 $77. 96
1.90 81.56
1.92 81.25
1.92 81. 45
1.94 81.09
1.94 83.89
1.94 84.15
1.94 84.94
1.93 83.95
1.93 81. 36
1. 94 80. 97
1.93 79. 97
1.93 79.18
1.93 79.58
1.95 79.98
42.6
42.7
42.1
42.2
41.8
42.8
42.5
42.9
42.4
41.3
41.1
40.8
40.4
40.6
40.6
42.
42.
41.
41.
41.
41.
40.
40.
39.
39.5
39.5
39.4
38.7
39.
40. S
S c r e w -m a c h in e
p r o d u c ts
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly wkly
earn earn hours
ings
ings
39.9
39.8
39.2
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.5
39.6
40.1
39.6
39.8
39.8
39.3
39.2
39.5
Metalworking ma
chinery 4
$91.87
96.64
96.30
98.04
95.66
96. 75
94.60
94.39
93. 74
92.45
92.87
92. 64
92.20
92.64
91.30
46.4
45.8
45.0
45.6
44.7
45.0
44.0
43.9
43.6
42.8
42.6
42.3
42.1
42.3
41.5
$1.83 $68. 54
1.91 71.93
1.93 69.34
1.93 71.98
1. 94 71.15
1.96 73.63
1.98 70.09
1.98 71.69
1.98 71.33
1.97 70.05
1.97 69.52
1.96 69. 65
1.96 67.16
1.96 68.60
1.97 68.46
40.8
41.1
39.4
40.9
40.2
41.6
39.6
40.5
40.3
39.8
39.5
39.8
38.6
39.2
38.9
$1.68
1. 75
1. 76
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.77
1. 77
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.74
1. 75!
1.76
39.7
39.6
39.1
39.1
39.5
39.5
39.7
39.3
39.9
93.3
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.2
39.9
47.1
46.3
46.0
46.2
45.5
45.8
44.6
44.8
44.6
43.2
42.6
41.8
41.0
41.4
41.21
$1.94 $73.97
2.00 75.20
1.99 73.70
1.99 73.28
2.00 72. 52
2.02 73.70
2.02 74. 47
2.03 76.02
2.04 77.38
2.04 76.61
2. 05 76. 99
2.02 77.97
2.02 75. 45
2. 05 74. 67
2.12 75.66
$1.91
2.05
2.08
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.10
2.09
2.09
2.07
2. 08
2.09
2.08
2.08
2.12
P a p e r - in d u s tr ie s m a
c h in e r y
$82. 08
82.84
82.03
82.40
81.65
86.98
83.03
83.98
84.11
82.08
82.94
83. 28
81.98
81.06
83.46
45.6
44.3
43.4
43.6
43.2
45.3
43.7
44.2
44.5
43.2
43.2
43.6
42.7
42.0
42.8
$1. 86
1.96
1.98
1.99
1.99
2.01
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.03
A g r ic u ltu r a l m a c h in e ry
(e x c e p t tr a c to r s )
M a c h in e to o ls
$1.98 $89.96
2.11 94.92
2.14 95.68
2.15 96.56
2.14 95.10
2.15 96.18
2.15 93.66
2.19
93.63
2.15 93. 21
2.16 89.42
2.18 88. 61
2.19 87.36
2.19 85.28
2.19 86.11
2.20 87.34
T e x tile m a c h in e r y
$1.75 $79.7
42.!
1.8; 82.9
42.,
1. 8;
82.5
41.
1.84 83. 5i
42.
1.84 82.7?
41.
1.84 84. 4:
42.
1.83 82.4(
41.5
1.83 82. 6f
41.;
1.82 82. 2f
41.1
1. 82 81.0C 40.
1.83 81.6
40.
1.83 81.41
40.;
1.83 80. 6C 40.1
1.82 80. 8C 40.5
1.83 81.61 1 40.2
T r a c to r s
$1.89 $77.02
1.94 79.20
1.93 77. 81
1.92 77.81
1.92 79.00
1.95 79.79
1.95 80.19
1.96 79. 78
1.97 81. 40
1. 98 80.17
1.98 80. 77
1.97 78.78
1.96 78.78
1.97 80.36
2. 03 84. 59
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly
hrly.
earn earn wkly earn
ings
ings hours ings
$1. 7, $76.3
44.
81.0
1.8
44.;
1. 8( 77.7
42.1
1.8( 78.3
42.
1.8, 78.7
42.
1. 8( 78.7
42.
1.8, 75. 7(
41.4
1.8" 75.9
41.1
1.8( 74. 6'
41.
1. 8( 72.2,
39.
1.8( 74.15
40.1
40.4
1.87 73.9(
1.85 71.95
39.3
1.88 72.65
39. S
1. 89 75.03 1 41.0
Agricultural machin
ery and tractors 4
$1.90 $75.41
2.01 77.21
2.04 75. 66
2.05 75. 26
2.05 75.46
2.06 76. 64
2.03 77.03
2.04 77.62
2.03 79.00
2.03 78.41
2.05 78.80
2.05 78.41
2.06 77.03
2.05 77.22
2.08 80.19
O ilfie ld m a c h in e r y a n d
to o ls
$79. 48
80. 98
74.86
81.09
81.93
83.33
84. 77
86.33
81.90
81.93
82.54
82.52
78. 99
82. 96
78.41
D o lts , n u ts , w a s h e r s ,
a n d r iv e ts
40.2
40.0
39.2
39.4
39.2
39.2
39.4
39.8
40.3
39.9
40.1
40.4
39.5
39.3
39.2
$1.84
1.88
1.88
1.86
1.85
1.88
1.89
1.91
1. 92
1.92
1. 92
1.93
1. 91
1.90
1.93
M e ta lw o r k in g m a
c h in e r y (e x c e p t m a
c h in e to o ls )
$85. 95
89. 52
86.90
87.92
86. 92
87. 95
85. 27
86. 51
86.10
84.46
84. 46
84.87
86.10
85.70
83.62
45.0
44.1
42.6
43.1
42.4
42.9
41.8
42.2
42.0
41.0
40.8
41.0
41.0
41.2
40.2
$1.91
2.03
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.05
2.04
2.05
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.10
2.08
2.08
P r in tin g -tr a d e s m a
c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t
$1.80 $87.36
1.87 94. 59
1.89 93.09
1.89 94.83
1.89 97. 46
1.92 97.24
1.90 89.24
1.90 91.38
1.89 92.23
1.90 87.74
1.92 91.56
1.91 87. 53
1.92 90. 73
1.93 85.86
1.96 88.13!
43.9 $1 99
44.2
2.14
43.5
2.14
43.3
2.19
44.3
2.20
44.0
2.21
41.7
2.14
42.5
2.15
42.5
2.17
41.0
2.14
2. 18
42.0
40.9
2.14
42.2
2.15
40.5
2.12
40.8 ' 2.16
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1404
T able C -l : Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees ^C ontinued
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Y e a r a n d m o n th
G e n e ra l in d u s tr ia l
m a c h in e ry '
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
in g s
1QK2' A v e r a e e _______ $79. 24
8 3 .4 2
1Q63* A v e r a g e _______
S e p t e m b e r ____
83. 69
_____
83. 92
O c to b e r
N o v e m b e r ____
8 3 .3 3
D e c e m b e r _____
8 3 .9 5
8 1 .1 6
1 9 ^ 4 “ J a n u a r y ______
F e b r u a r y _____
8 1 .3 6
TVTareh
7 9 .7 7
78, 99
A p r i l ___________
M ay
79. 39
.T u n e
______
8 0 .1 9
7 9 .4 0
J u ly
____
A ugust
_____
8 0 .2 0
S e p t e m b e r ------8 0 .8 0
A vg.
w k iy .
h o u rs
4 3 .3
4 3 .0
4 2 .7
4 2 .6
4 2 .3
4 2 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .3
4 0 .7
4 0 .3
40. 3
40. 5
40. 1
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 1 .8 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .0 6
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
2 .0 0
Mechanical stokers
and industrial fur•
naces and ovens
1Q5?- A v e r a g e ______
]Q53* A v e r a g e ______
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c to b e r
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1054* J a n u a r y ______
F e b ru ary
ATTa r c h
A p r il
Til rip
J u ly
An g n s t
S e p t e m b e r ____
$ 7 6 .9 7
8 1 .0 2
80. 93
8 4 .3 5
81. 76
8 3 .3 6
8 2 .9 8
82. 76
81. 77
8 0 .1 9
79. 60
8 0 .0 0
78. 61
7 9 .0 0
8 2 .4 2
4 3 .0
4 2 .2
4 1 .5
4 2 .6
4 1 .5
42. 1
4 1 .7
4 1 .8
41. 3
40. 5
40. 2
3 9 .8
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
4 0 .8
10 5 2 : A v e r a e e _______
_____
S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r ______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r ____
1954* J a n u a r y
_____
F eb ru ary
M a rc h
A p r il
iVTay
June
J u ly
Au g u s t
S e p t e m b e r ____
$ 7 6 .3 9
76. 56
7 5 .0 3
78. 57
7 6 .9 1
77. 75
7 3 .9 3
75. 26
75.1 1
75. 62
75. 85
74. 56
7 2 .1 0
7 5 .1 7
7 3 .4 2
4 3 .9
4 2 .3
4 1 .0
4 2 .7
4 1 .8
4 1 .8
40. 4
4 0 .9
4 0 .6
4 1 .1
4 1 .0
4 0 .3
39. 4
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 7 8 .6 6
8 1 .9 8
84. 91
8 3 .3 0
81. 51
8 0 .9 0
80. 56
80. 56
7 8 .3 8
7 8 .1 8
76. 63
7 7 .6 0
77. 81
7 9 .0 0
7 9 .3 9
$1. 74
1 .81
1 .8 3
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 6
1 .8 3
1. 84
1. 85
1. 84
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 3
1 .8 7
1. 84
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
4 3 .7
4 2 .7
4 3 .1
42. 5
4 1 .8
4 1 .7
41. 1
4 1 .1
40. 4
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .3
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 1 .8 0
1 .9 2
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 5
1 .9 4
1 .9 6
1. 96
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
O f f ic e a n d s t o r e m a c h in e s a n d d e v ic e s 4
$ 1 .7 9 $ 7 5 .2 6
1 .9 2
7 7 .3 8
1 .9 5
77. 78
1 .9 8
7 8 .3 8
1 .9 7
7 8 .3 9
1. 98
7 9 .5 9
1. 99
7 8 .6 0
1 .9 8
7 7 .8 1
1 .9 8
77. 62
7 7 .8 2
1 .9 8
7 7 .4 2
1. 98
2 .0 1
78. 41
1 .9 9
7 9 .4 0
1 .9 9
7 9 .4 0
2 .0 2
8 0 .2 0
Commercial laundry,
dry-cleaning, and
pressing machines
1953* A v e r a g e
Pumps, air and gas
compressors
4 0 .9
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
4 0 .1
4 0 .6
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
39. 7
3 9 .7
3 9 .6
3 8 .8
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
3 9 .6
A v e r a e e ______
1953* A v e r a g e
S e p te m b e r
O c to b e r
N ovem ber
D ecem ber
I S M : . T a n u a r v ______
F eb ru ary
]VTa r c h
A p r il
M a y ___________
J u n e ___ ________
J u l y ____________
Au g u s t
S e p t e m b e r ------
$78. 55
8 0 .2 8
8 0 .4 1
8 1 .9 8
8 1 .2 2
82. 22
7 9 .6 8
79. 49
79. 71
77. 74
79. 52
7 9 .3 2
78. 55
78. 55
7 9 .5 9
4 3 .4
4 2 .7
42.
42. 7
4 2 .3
42.
4 1 .5
41.
4 1 .3
40.
4 1 .2
41.
4 0 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$ 1 .8 1
1. 88
1 .9 1
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .93
1 .92
1 .92
1. 93
1.9 1
1. 95
1 .9 3
1 .93
1 .95
1 .97
$79. 79
8 4 .4 4
83. 27
8 4 .3 2
85. 77
8 5 .8 0
81. 76
82. 76
81. 16
79. 79
8 2 .0 0
8 2 .6 1
8 5 .0 4
80. 60
8 0 .4 0
A vg.
w 'k l y .
h o u rs
4 2 .9
4 3 .3
4 2 .7
4 2 .8
43. !
4 2 .9
4 1 .5
4 1 .8
41. 2
4 0 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .1
4 2 .1
4 0 .1
3 9 .8
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
Blowers, exhaust and
ventilating fans
A vg.
w k iy .
e a rn
in g s
$ 1 .8 6 $74. 47
70. 50
1 .9 5
7 7 .3 8
1 .9 5
7 8 .0 2
1 .9 7
75. 99
1 .9 9
76. 54
2 .0 0
7 5 .0 7
1 .9 7
74. 26
1 .9 8
1 .9 7
73. 02
72. 40
1 .9 7
73. 38
2 .0 0
2.0 1
7 4 .9 3
7 3 .6 8
2 .0 2
74. 77
2 .0 1
75. 22
2. 02
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
4 2 .8
4 2 .5
4 1 .6
4 2 .4
4 1 .3
4 1 .6
4 0 .8
40. 8
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
4 0 .5
3 9 .4
4 0 .2
3 9 .8
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 1 .7 4
1 .8 0
1 .8 6
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1 .8 7
1 .8 6
1 .8 9
Computing machines
and cash registers
4 0 .9
40. 2
3 9 .8
40. 1
40. 1
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
40. 1
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 1 .1
4 0 .9
3 9 .4
40. 1
39. !
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
39, 7
3 8 .8
3 9 .2
3 8 .!
3 8 .3
3 8 .6
3 9 .3
$ 1 .8 5
1 .9 5
1 .9 5
1 .9 8
1 .9 7
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1. 98
1. 97
1 .9 !
1 .9 5
1 .9 5
1 .9 6
1 .9 8
Industrial trucks,
tractors, etc.
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 8 1 .2 2
83. 50
8 3 .0 7
8 4 .5 1
8 4 .1 8
8 0 .5 4
73. 15
7 6 .0 4
76. 63
77. 02
77. 42
78. 78
75. 65
77. 82
77. 42
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
4 3 .2
42. 6
4 2 .6
4 2 .9
4 2 .3
4 1 .3
38. 1
39. 4
39. 5
39. 7
3 9 .7
4 0 .4
38. 4
39. 5
3 9 .1
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
4 1 .0
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
41. 1
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .5
3 8 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .7
$ 1 .6 8
1 .7 6
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
1 .81
1 .81
1 .81
1. 82
1. 83
1 .8 1
1 .8 5
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 6
M is c e lla n e o u s m a c h in e ry p a rts 4
$75. 36
78. 85
7 9 .3 0
79. 49
7 9 .7 3
8 0 .9 3
78. 57
78. 18
7 8 .1 8
76. 81
77. 6C
77. 79
76. 05
7 7 .0 3
7 8 .0 1
42. 1
4 1 .5
4 1 .3
4 1 .4
41. 1
4 1 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
3 9 .2
3 9 .5
3 9 .6
$1. 79
1 .9 0
1 .9 2
1 .9 2
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1. 93
1 .9 4
1 .9 4
1 .9 '
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
$75. 81
78. 74
76. 82
79. 18
7 7 .0 3
7 8 .0 1
77. 62
78 .0 1
78.01
7 6 .0 5
77. 22
7 5 .8 5
75. 27
7 6 .4 4
7 8 .8 0
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
39. 6
40. 4
3 9 .5
39. 8
39. 6
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
3 9 .2
39. 1
3 8 .8
3 9 .2
3 9 .8
4 1 .7
4 1 .0
4 1 .2
41. 5
41. 4
4 1 .6
4 0 .4
40. 4
40. 4
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
4 0 .0
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h o u rs
4 3 .0
43. 4
42. 9
42 3
4 2 .3
42. 5
41. 7
41. 2
40. 1
4 0 .0
40. 3
40. 2
3 9 .6
4 0 .1
4 0 .4
A vg.
h rly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 1 .8 6
1. 98
1 .9 8
2 .0 0
2 .0 1
2 .0 2
2 .0 1
1. 99
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
1 .9 8
1 .9 9
1 .9 9
1. 99
2 .0 1
Domestic laundry
equipment
$ 1 .8 4 $ 7 4 .8 9
1 .9 3
78. 57
1 .9 4
77. 42
1 .9 6
81. 77
1 .9 5
78. 20
1. 96
7 7 .0 3
73 .9 1
1 .9 6
1. 96
77. 42
1. 96
79. 20
74. 25
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
7 4 .8 8
1 .9 4
75. 27
1 .9 4
79. 79
8 1 .2 0
1. 95
1. 98
8 5 .9 0
Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves
$ 7 3 .3 9
77. 90
79. 52
80. 10
8 0 .7 3
8 1 .5 4
78. 78
78. 78
7 9 .1 8
7 7 .6 0
78. 40
7 8 .2 0
75. 27
7 6 .4 4
79. 20
Mechanical powerransmission equipment
$ 1 .8 8 $ 7 9 .9 8
1. 96
85. 93
84. 94
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
84. 60
1 .9 9
8 5 .0 2
1 .9 5
85. 85
1 .9 2
8 3 .8 2
1 .9 3
8 1 .9 9
1. 94
79. 40
1. 94
79. 20
1. 95
79. 79
1. 95
80. 00
1 .9 7
78. 80
1 .9 7
79. 80
1 .9 8
8 1 .2 0
S e r v ic e -in d u s tr y a n d
h o u s e h o ld m a c h i n e s 4
$ 2 .0 0 $ 6 8 .8 8
2 .0 7
70. 93
2 .0 6
72. 54
2 .0 9
73. 98
72. 54
2. HI
2. 12
72. 94
2. 11
7 1 .3 1
7 1 .5 0
2 .1 1
69. 89
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
71. 74
72. 13
2. 12
7 3 .6 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 7
7 2 .8 6
73. 23
2 .1 6
7 5 .7 0
2 .1 6
Refrigerators and airconditioning units
$ 1 .8 9 $ 7 6 .0 4
1 .9 3
79. 76
7 6 .8 3
1 .9 3
1. 94
79. 40
7 7 .0 3
1 .9 8
78. 41
1. 9!
2. 00
79. 4C
1. 9£
7 9 .0 0
78. 61
1. 99
1. 99
76. 41
78.01
2. 00
75. 86
1 .9 !
7 4 .6 !
1 .9 8
75. 66
1 .9 7
2 .0 0
77. 81
4 0 .7
40. 5
3 9 .3
4 1 .3
3 9 .9
39 3
38. 1
39. 7
39. 8
3 7 .5
3 8 .6
3 8 .6
40. 5
4 0 .4
4 1 .7
$ 1 .8 4
1. 94
1 .9 7
1. 98
1 .9 '
1.
1. 94
1. 95
1.99
1 .9 8
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
2. 01
2. OP
Ball and roller bearings
$1. 76 $74. 57
1 .9 0
77. 71
77. 57
1 .9 3
76. 22
1 .9 3
76. 04
1 .9 5
7 8 .5 9
1 .9 6
7 7 .4 2
1 .9 5
75. 85
1 .9 5
1. 90
7 5 .0 8
73. 73
1. 94
1. 90
74 50
1 .9 5
7 5 .4 6
1 .9 5
7 4 .6 9
1 .9 7
7 5 .4 6
1 .9 8
7 4 .1 0
4 1 .2
$ 1 .8 1
40. 9
1. 90
40. 4
1. 92
39 7
1 .9 2
39. 4
1. 93
1. 95
4 0 .3
39. 6
1. 96
39. 1
1. 94
1 .9 7
38. 9
1 .9 :
38. 4
3 8 .8
1. 92
39. 1
1 .9 3
38. 5
1. 94
3 9 .1
1. 93
3 8 .0 j
1 .9 5
E le c tric a l m a c h in e ry
M a c h in e ry
(ex c e p t
e le c tric a l)-- C o n .
Machine shops (job
and repair)
A vg.
w k ly .
e a rn
in g s
$ 1 .8 4 $ 8 1 .8 0
8 3 .2 1
1 .9 2
8 1 .9 9
1. 93
1 .9 4
8 3 .8 1
8 4 .2 1
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
85. 44
84. 40
1. 97
1 .9 6
84. 19
1. 96
8-1.61
83. 74
1. 97
83. 10
1. 97
8 4 .1 0
1 .9 8
2. 00
86. 80
86. 40
2 .0 0
8 6 .1 8
2 .0 0
sewing machines
$ 7 6 .7 3
77.01
7 7 .2 0
77. 02
7 8 .6 1
78. 80
7 7 .6 0
79. 20
7 9 .6 0
7 8 .8 0
7 9 .6 0
7 9 .8 0
7 8 .2 1
77. 82
7 9 .2 0
Conveyors and con
veying equipment
T o ta l: E le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry
$ 6 8 .8 0
7 1 .8 1
7 2 .0 9
7 1 .9 1
7 2 .1 4
7 2 .3 6
70. 74
72. 22
7 1 .2 8
70. 56
71. 5C
72. 07
7 1 .5 3
7 2 .0 '
7 2 .9 8
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
3 9 .3
3 9 .!
39.
39.
3 9 .5
3 9 .6
39. a
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
$1. 67
1. 7 f
1. 78
1 .7 8
1. 79
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
1 .8 :
1. 86
1 .8 0
1.81
1.8 2
1.8 2
1 .8 :
1.8 2
E le c tr ic a l g e n e ra tin g ,
tra n s m is s io n , d ist r i b u t i o n , a n d in d u s tria l a p p a ra tu s
$74. 40
77.85
78. 72
77. 7‘.
78. 12
7 8 .9 :
76. 99
7 7 .3 8
76. 40
75. 45
76. 22
7 6 .6 1
76. 42
77. 7Í
7 8 .1 7
4 1 .8
41. <
4 1 .(
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
41. :
40.
40.5
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
3 9 ."
3 9 .!
39.
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
$ 1 .7 8
1 .8 8
1 .92
1. 9
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1 .9
1 .9
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.95
1.95
Wiring devices and
supplies
$64. 78
6 8 .5 4
6 8 .9 :
6 9 .3 2
68. 7‘
69. 6C
67. 2f
6 7 .3 2
67. 4!
65. 25
66. 08
66. 47
65. 7!
67. 6C
69. 05
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
3 9 .3
39.
3 9 .7
38.
39.
3 9 .1
38.
3 9 .5
3 9 .!
Carbon and graphite
products (electrical)
51. 58 $75. 58
J .6
1. 7
1.72
1 .7
1.71
1.71
1. 7(
1.7C
1 .6 !
1 .6 '
1. 7(
1. 7(
1 .7 !
1.75
7 7 .8 3
7 9 .2 7
7 6 .7 0
75. 58
77A
7 5 .3 !
76. 14
74. 45
74. 61
74. 82
7 4 .0 "
7 3 .4 !
74. 8(
74. 8(
4 1 .3
41. 4
41. 5
4 0 .8
40.
4 0 .8
40.
40.
39.
3 9 .!
39.
39.
39.
40.
40.
$ 1 .8 3
1. 88
1 .9
1. &
1.88
1. 8 t
1. &
1.88
1 .8 "
1. 8 '
1 .8
1.88
1. 8
1 .8
1 .8
Electrical indicating,
measuring, and recordi ng t n s t r u ments
$ 7 1 .4 8
73. 57
74. IP
75. 7G
7 3 .8 !
74. 6C
71 .9 2
73. H
72. 2,
71. 51
72. 4'
72. 9 '
72. 5Í
73. If
7 4 . 8<
4 1 .8
41.
41.
41.
40.
40.
3 9 .3
40
39.
39.
39.
40.
40.
40.
4 0 .'
$ 1 .7 1
1. 79
1 .8 0
1 .8 3
1. 82
1 .8 3
1 .8 3
1. 82
1. 82
1. 81
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
1. 81
1 .8 2
1. 84
C : EARNINGS AND HOURS
T
able
1405
C - l : H o u r ? a n d g r o s s e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s o r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s x— C o n t in u e d
Manufacturing—Continued
Electrical machinery—Continued
Year and month
M o to r s , g e n e r a to r s , a n d
m o to r-g e n e r a to r s e ts
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
1952: Average........... $80. 22
1953: Average_____
84. 03
September___ 84. 25
October_____
82. 62
84.05
November___
December____ 84.67
1954: January.......... 82. 62
83. 23
February____
M arch_______ 82.01
April________
80. 59
M a y .. . .
80.78
June.................. 80. 99
July-------------- 81.80
A ugust............ 83. 64
84.25
September___
42.0
41.6
40.9
40.5
41. 2
41.3
40. 5
40.6
40. 2
39.7
39. 6
39.7
40.1
40.6
40.9
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.1
40.8
39.3
39.7
40.0
39.6
39.3
39. 6
39.0
38.4
40.5
39.2
38.3
39.0
38.4
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
hours
ings
$1.91 $72. 04
2. 02 76. S3
2.06 76. 59
2.04 76.00
2.04 76. 81
2. 05 76.63
2.04 75. 85
2.05 76.24
2.04 78. 20
2. 03 76. 44
2. 04 79.19
2.04 78. 59
2.04 77. 02
2.06 78.98
2. 06 75.14
Electric equip
ment for
vehicles
1952: Average_____ $72. 98
76. 70
1953: Average_____
74.28
September___
October_____
75. 43
76. 00
November___
December____ 74.84
1954: Janu ary_____ 75.06
February____
75. 24
M arch_______ 73. 32
April________
72. 19
M ay ________
78.17
June.................. 75. 26
July-------------- 73.54
74.10
August______
74.11
September___
P o w e r a n d d is tr ib u
tio n tr a n s fo rm e r s
40.7
40.6
40.1
40.0
39.8
39.5
39.1
39.3
40. 1
39. 2
40 2
40.3
39.7
40.5
40.4
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
39.0
40.5
40.6
40.5
40.4
39.9
39. 1
39.4
39.3
38.9
39 3
38.6
36.4
38.6
39.1
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
$1. 77 $72.16
1.88 75. 84
1.91 77.28
1.90 75. 95
1.93 76. 54
1.94 76. 91
1. 94 75.11
1.94 75. 48
1. 95 74. 37
1. 95 73. 66
1.97 74.99
1. 95 75. 36
1.94 75.39
1.95 75. 98
1. 86 76. 76
Electric lamps
$1.82 $58. 89
1.88 65. 21
1. 89 66. 58
1.90 66. 42
1.90 65. 85
1.89 65. 44
1.91 64. 12
1. 90 65. 01
1. 88 65. 24
1.88 64.19
1.93 64.85
1.92 63. 69
1.92 60. 42
1.90 63. 69
1.93 64. 91
S w itc h g e a r , s w itc h
b o a rd a n d in d u s tr ia l
c o n tr o ls
42.2
41.9
42.0
41. 5
41.6
41.8
40.6
40.8
40.2
39.6
4 0 .1
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.4
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.9
40.4
40.4
40. 1
39.8
39.7
38.8
39. 7
39. 5
39.0
39.2
39.6
39.1
39.9
40.2
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
$1. 71 $91. 28
1.81 85. 20
1.84 86. 09
1.83 83. 36
1. 84 81. 77
1.84 81.38
1. 85 78. 21
1. 85 78. 39
1.85 80. 56
1. 86 83.73
1.87 81.99
1. 87 83. 42
1.88 83. 23
1.89 86. 48
1.90 86.93
Communication
equipm ent4
$1. 51 $64. 21
1.61 66. 66
1.64 67. 06
1.64 66.97
1.63 67. 26
1.64 67. 49
1.64 65. 96
1.65 67.89
1.66 67. 55
1.65 66.30
1.65 67 42
1. 65 68. 51
1.66 67.64
1.65 69.03
1.66 69. 95
E le c tr ic a l w e ld in g
a p p a r a tu s
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
46.1
42.6
42.2
42.1
41.3
41.1
39.7
40. 2
41.1
42.5
41.2
41.5
40.8
42.6
42.2
40.6
39.9
39. 7
39.9
39.9
39.9
38.7
39.7
39.4
38.9
39. 1
39.6
39.3
39.8
40.1
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
hours
ings
$1.98 $72.32
2.00 76.92
2.04 76. 80
1.98 78. 55
1. 98 77. 76
1. 98 76. 21
1. 97 74. 87
1. 95 76. 02
1. 96 76.03
1.97 75. 26
1.99 76. 22
2.01 74. 68
2.04 75. 46
2.03 75. 46
2.06 76.43
R a d io s , p h o n o g r a p h s ,
te le v isio n s e ts ,
a n d e q u ip m e n t
$1. 57 $62.12
1.65 64.64
1.66 64. 71
1.67 65. 44
1.69 66.23
1.70 67. 03
1.70 65.02
1. 71 67. 09
1. 71 66. 59
1.70 65. 35
1.72 66.08
1. 73 67. 32
1.73 67.20
1.73 67.66
1.74 68. 57
Electrical appliances
1952: Average_____ $65. 93
67. 94
1953: Average_____
68.23
September___
October______ 68. 51
68. 00
November___
December____ 68. 51
1954: January_____
68. 43
69. 60
February____
March.......... ..
69.13
April................. 68.73
M ay ........ ........
67. 51
Ju n e............. .
69. 52
July-------------- 68.43
67. 25
August_____
September___ 67.82
40.7
40.2
39.9
40.3
40.0
39.6
39. 1
40.0
39. 5
39.5
38. 8
39. 5
39.1
39.1
39.2
$1. 62 $73.34
1.69 76.67
1. 71 79. 32
1.70 76. 73
1. 70 76. 95
1.73 75.83
1. 75 76. 22
1. 74 76.99
1.75 74.69
1. 74 75. 84
1.74 75. 66
1. 76 79.00
1.75 76. 24
1. 72 75.06
1.73 75. 27
M o t o r v e h i c le s , b o d i e s ,
p a r t s , a n d a c c e s s o r ie s
1952: Average_____ $83. 64
1953: Average_____
88. 78
87. 38
September___
October______ 89. 16
87. 82
November___
December........ 88.22
1954: January.........
90.42
February____
86.11
March_______ 85.10
A pril................. 88. 07
89.16
M ay ____ ____
June.............. ..
85.85
J u ly.— ............ 86.07
A u g u st........... 88. 58
September___ 91.30
40.6
41.1
39.9
40.9
40.1
40.1
41.1
39.5
39.4
40.4
40.9
39.2
39.3
39.9
40.4
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S to r a g e b a tte r ie s
41.2
41.0
41. 1
40.6
40. 5
39. 7
39. 7
40. 1
38.9
39.5
39.2
40. 1
39.3
39.3
38.8
T ru ck an d bus
b o d ie s
$2.06 $70.18
2.16 74.26
2. 19 74. 85
2.18 73. 89
2.19 74. 70
2.20 78. 77
2.20 75.58
2.18 72.68
2.16 74. 89
2.18 74.96
2.18 77.08
2.19 77.71
2.19 74.10
2. 22 78. 09
2. 26 76. 22
40.8
40.8
40.9
40.6
40.6
41.9
40.2
39.5
40.7
40.3
41.0
40.9
39.0
41.1
39.7
39.9
40.0
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.7
38.9
40.0
39.7
39.4
38.1
39.2
38.9
38.6
39.3
$1. 53 $57. 49
1.62 62. 27
1.63 63. 65
1.64 60.37
1. 66 58.19
1.68 59.19
1.68 59. 72
1.69 61.78
1. 69 61.39
1.68 62. 02
1.69 62. 65
1.70 63. 27
1.71 61.99
1.70 64. 08
1.71 64. 31
41.0
40.0
38.7
40.0
40.4
40.1
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
40.3
41.1
39.1
39.2
38.8
X - r a y a n d n o n r a d ic
e le c tr o n ic tu b e s
$1. 42 $72. 93
1. 48 72. 36
1. 49 73. 49
1. 51 75.14
1. 52 73.63
1.53 74. 74
1. 52 74. 64
1.52 77. 74
1.53 80.32
1.53 77. 57
1. 52 77. 59
1.51 76. 62
1.50 79. 79
1.50 77. 60
1.50 78. 60
T r a ile r s (tr u c k a n d
a u to m o b ile )
$1. 72 $70. 52
1. 82 73. 60
1. 83 71.98
1.82 74.80
1. 84 75.95
1.88 75.79
1.88 72. 56
1. 84 73. 49
1. 84 72. 89
1. 86 72.68
1.88 76. 17
1. 90 78.91
1.90 74. 29
1.90 73.70
1.92 74.88
$1. 79 $72.11
1. 89 72.24
1.92 71. 51
1.93 70. 69
1.92 69.60
1.91 69. 77
1.91 67.20
1.91 69. 32
1.92 68. 57
1.92 67. 77
1.92 69.14
1.91 69. 77
1.92 70. 30
1.92 69. 95
1.93 72. 63
40.2
40.7
40.8
39.2
37.3
37.7
37.8
39.1
39.1
39.5
39 4
39.3
38.5
39.8
39.7
Avg.
wkly.
hours
43.7
42.0
40.4
41.1
40.7
40.8
39.3
40.3
40.1
39.4
40.2
40.1
40.4
40.2
41.5
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.65
1. 72
1. 77
1. 72
1. 71
1. 71
1. 71
1. 72
1. 71
1. 72
1 72
1.74
1.74
1.74
1. 75
T e le p h o n e , te le g r a p h ,
a n d r e la te d
e q u ip m e n t
$1.43 $82. 03
1.53 82. 49
1. 56 83. 42
1.54 83. 69
1. 56 82.71
1. 57 81.12
1.58 77. 78
1. 58 79. 38
1.57 78. 99
1. 57 77.03
1. 59 78. 41
1. 61 79. 40
1.61 78.21
1.61 80. 60
1.62 82.20
43.4
42.3
43.0
42.7
42.2
41.6
40.3
40.5
40.3
39.5
39.8
39.9
39.5
40.3
41.1
$1. 89
1. 95
1. 94
1.96
1. 96
1. 95
1.93
1.96
1. 96
1.95
1.97
1. 99
1. 98
2.00
2.00
Transportation equipment
P r i m a r y b a tte r ie s
(d ry a n d w e t)
$1.78 $56. 66
1. 87 59.20
1.93 58. 86
1. 89 59. 95
1.90 60.19
1. 91 60. 74
1. 92 59.13
1.92 60. 80
1 92 60. 74
1.92 60.28
1 93 57.91
1. 97 59.19
1.94 58.35
1.91 57. 90
1. 94 58.95
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
R a d io tu b e s
Electrical machinery—Continued
Miscellaneous elec
trical products 4
40.4
40.7
40.0
40.7
40.5
39.9
39.2
39.8
39.6
39.2
39. 7
39. 1
39.3
39.3
39.6
Insulated wire
and cable
42.9
40.2
40.6
40.4
39.8
40.4
39.7
40.7
41.4
40.4
40.2
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.1
Total: Transporta
tion equipment
$1.70 $81.14
1. 80 85.28
1.81 84. 23
1.86 85.89
1.85 84.84
1. 85 85.88
1.88 85.86
1. 91 84.82
1.94 84. 21
1.92 84. 82
1.93 85. 67
1. 93 84. 59
1.98 84.38
1.94 85.63
1.96 86. 65
Aircraft and
parts4
$1. 72 $81. 70
1.84 83.80
1. 86 83. 21
1.87 84.03
1. 88 84.03
1. 89 85. 27
1. 87 83.23
1.87 85.28
1.85 84. 46
1.84 83. 43
1.89 83.84
1. 92 84.86
1.90 84. 66
1.88 85. 27
1.93 85. 89
43.0
41.9
41.4
41.6
41.6
41.8
40.6
41.2
41.0
40.5
4C.7
40.8
40.7
40.8
40.9
41.4
41.2
40.3
40.9
40.4
40.7
40.5
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.6
39.9
39.8
40.2
40.3
A ir c r a ft
$1.90 $79.66
2.00 82.19
2. 01 80.99
2.02 82.61
2.02 82.61
2. 04 83.43
2. 05 82.21
2.07 85.49
2.06 84. 67
2.06 83.22
2. 06 83.84
. 08 84. 86
. 08 84.86
2.09 85.07
2.10 86.10
2
2
42.6
41.3
40.7
41.1
41.1
41.1
40.1
41.3
41.1
40.4
40.7
40.8
40.8
40.9
41.0
Automobiles*
$1.96 $82. 82
2.07 87. 95
2.09 86.58
2.10 88.13
2.10 87. 02
2.11 87.42
2.12 89. 79
2.11 85. 72
2.10 84.93
2.11 87. 26
2.11 88.34
2.12 85. 28
2.12 85.06
2.13 88.00
2.15 90. 27
40.6
41.1
39.9
40.8
40.1
40.1
41.0
39.5
39.5
40.4
40.9
39.3
39.2
40.0
40.3
A ir c r a f t e n g in e s
p a r ts
$1.87 $86. 92
1. 99 87.29
1. 99 87.54
2.01 87. 55
2. 01 86.93
2.03 87. 96
2. 05 84.67
2.07 85.28
2.06 84. 24
2. 06 83. 84
2.06 83.42
2.08 84. 65
2.08 86. 51
2.08 86.10
2.10 84.84
43.9
43.0
42.7
42.5
42.2
42.7
41.3
41.0
40.5
40.5
40.3
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.4
$2.04
2.14
2.17
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.17
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.20
2.24
a n d
$1.98
2.03
2. 05
2.06
2. 06
2. 06
2.06
2. 08
2.08
2.07
2.07
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.10
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1406
T able C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation equipment—Continued
Year and month
A ir c r a f t p r o p e lle r s a n d
p a r ts
O th e r a ir c r a f t p a r t s
a n d e q u ip m e n t
Ship and boat building
and repairing 4
S h ip b u ild in g a n d
r e p a ir in g
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
w kly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
w kly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
w kly.
earn
ings
Avg.
w kly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
1Q.TO: Average ___________ $92.25
1953: A verage____________ 85.90
September__________
85.49
O ctober____________ 84.67
November__________
85.28
December _________
85.08
78.28
)QM: Jan u a ry ____________
February___________
84.04
March______________
85.67
April_______________
82.76
M ay________________ 79. 87
June _______________ 80. 26
79.87
July________________
82.53
A u g u st_____ ____ -September - .
____ 81.12
45.0
41.9
41.7
41.3
41.4
41.3
38.0
40.6
40.6
39.6
38.4
38.4
38.4
39.3
39.0
$2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.07
2.11
2.09
2.08
2.09
2.08
2.10
2.08
$81.22
85.17
85.04
86.05
85.45
87.95
85.07
84.04
84.05
83. 85
85. 08
84.87
83.84
84.85
86. 72
43.2
42.8
42.1
42.6
42.3
42.9
41.7
41.4
41.2
40.9
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
41.1
$1.88
1.99
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.06
2.07
2.09
2.11
$75.58
79.37
78.87
79. 70
78.62
82.37
78.66
81.12
81.95
80.70
80.94
80. 55
80.11
81.12
78.83
40.2
39.1
38.1
38.5
37.8
39.6
38.0
39.0
39.4
38.8
39.1
39.1
38.7
39.0
37.9
$1.88
2.03
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.08
2.07
2.08
2.08
2.08
2. 07
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.08
$76. 78
80. 91
80.60
81.41
80.30
83. 92
80.14
83.25
84.28
82.18
82.82
82. 64
82. 22
83.03
80.09
40.2
38.9
38.2
38.4
37.7
39.4
37.8
38.9
39.2
38.4
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.8
37.6
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$1.91
2. 08
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.12
2.14
2.15
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.13
$66.23
70.58
67.86
70.92
69.66
73.62
70. 53
70.45
70.93
71. 58
72. 34
71. 23
68. 95
70. 75
70.35
1952: A verage____________ $77.33
1953: A verage____________ 80.39
September__________
80. 73
81. 77
O ctober____________
November__________
80.11
December___________ 82. 76
82.32
1954: J anu ary____________
February
________
82.95
March__________ _ _ 81.93
April_______ ________ 80.08
M a y _ _ ________ _ -- 80. 85
81.45
June_______________
July________________
80.60
A u g u st_____________ 81. 79
September__________
79. 71
40.7
39.6
39.0
39.5
38.7
39.6
39.2
39.5
39.2
38.5
38.5
38.6
38.2
38.4
37.6
L o c o m o tiv e s a n d
p a r ts
$1.90
2.03
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.09
2.10
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.13
2.12
Laboratory, scientific,
and engineering
Instruments
1952: A verage____________ $93.11
1953: Average_____________ 89.25
September__________
91. 38
O cto b er____________
89.04
N ovem ber__________
89.25
December___________
88.83
1954: January_____________ 80. 50
February____________ 83.22
March______________
83.43
82.18
April_______________
81. 56
M ay_________ ______
June________________ 82. 59
79.72
July________________
A u g u st_____________ 82.59
September__________
84.42
$2.06
2.10
2.13
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.08
2.06
2. 06
2.07
2.07
2. 07
2.06
2.07
2.10
45.2
42.5
42.9
42.2
42.3
42.1
38.7
40.4
40.5
39.7
39.4
39.9
38.7
39.9
40.2
$81.14
82.00
82. 56
81.16
81. 54
84. 35
82.89
84.21
82.97
81.97
82.78
85. 22
84.38
86.43
83. 71
41.4
40.0
39.5
39.4
39.2
39.6
39.1
40.1
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.2
39.8
40.2
39.3
$1.96
2.05
2.09
2.06
2.08
2.13
2.12
2.10
2.09
2.07
2. 08
2.12
2.12
2.15
2.13
Mechanical measuring
and controlling
Instruments
$71.66
74.16
74.66
75.99
75.26
75.85
72.83
74. 70
74.12
73.60
73.60
74. 77
74.24
72. 54
74.84
42.4
41.2
40.8
41.3
40.9
41.0
39.8
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.7
39.0
39.6
$1.69
1.80
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.83
1.84
1.83
1.84
1.84
1. 86
1.87
1.86
1. 89
$74.00
79.19
79. 34
82.16
79.49
81.97
81.54
82.11
81.30
78.79
79.13
78. 33
78.70
78.49
77.02
40.0
39.4
38.7
39.5
38.4
39.6
39.2
39.1
38.9
37.7
37. 5
37.3
37.3
37.2
36.5
1952: A verage____________
1953: A v era g e____________
September__________
October_____________
November. ________
D ecem b er__________
1954: J anu ary____________
February___________
March____ _________
April_______________
M a y .. . ._
______
June__ _____________
J u ly ... _____________
August-. . . . . _____
September__________
$76. 73
77. 49
78.28
79.07
80.83
80.83
81.16
80. 57
79.98
79.99
79. 79
80. 98
79. 59
79.79
80.60
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.7
41.0
41.2
41.4
42.1
42.1
41.2
40.9
40.6
40.4
40.3
40.9
40.4
40.5
40.3
$76.68
79.00
77.04
76. 73
76. 45
78.35
75.11
73.38
73.20
72.65
74. 52
75. 41
74.64
73. 68
76.73
42.6
42.7
42.1
41.7
41.1
41.9
40.6
40.1
40.0
39.7
40.5
39.9
39.7
39.4
40.6
2 .0 0
$60. 55
66.98
66. 99
68.31
67.24
67. 49
64.62
64.39
64.62
62.43
62.98
61. 66
63.69
63. 91
65.46
40.1
41.6
41.1
41.4
41.0
40.9
39.4
39.5
39.4
38.3
38. 4
37.6
38.6
38.5
39.2
$1.80
1.85
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.89
$1. 51
1.61
1.03
1.65
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.64
1. 63
1.64
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
39.9
40.1
37.7
39.4
38.7
40.9
39.4
39.8
40.3
40.9
41.1
40.7
39.4
40.2
39.3
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.66
1.76
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.77
1.76
1. 75
1.76
1. 75
1.75
1.76
1. 79
$73. 02
73. 49
76.96
77.04
70.86
69.34
68. 78
71.31
71.31
71.16
73.35
77. 27
71.97
74.43
74.40
42.7
40.6
41.6
41.2
38.3
38.1
38.0
39.4
39.4
39.1
40.3
41.1
38.9
39.8
40.0
$1.71
1.81
1.85
1.87
1.85
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.81
1. 82
1.82
1.88
1.85
1.87
1.86
Surgical, medical, and
dental instruments
$64.68
66. 74
66.91
67.08
65.85
66.83
66. 00
67.73
67.23
66.30
65. 97
67.13
65. 97
67. 47
67.30
41.2
41.2
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.5
39.7
39.5
40.2
39.5
40.4
40.3
$1.57
1.62
1.64
1.64
1.63
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
Total: Instruments and
related products
$72.07
73. 69
74.16
74.93
74. 75
75.17
72.22
73.12
72.76
72.07
72. 07
72.83
72.29
72. 29
73.82
41.9
41.4
41.2
41.4
41.3
41.3
39.9
40.4
40.2
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.5
39.5
39.9
$1.72
1.78
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.S2
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.85
Ophthalmic goods
$56. 63
58.69
58.40
59.68
60.24
60.09
58. 76
58. 76
58. 71
58.20
58 20
58. 50
58.35
56.70
59.65
39.6
40.2
40.0
40.6
40.7
40.6
39.7
39.7
39.4
38.8
38. S
39.0
38.9
37.8
39.5
$1.43
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1. 50
1.50
1.51
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing industries
Watches and
clocks
$1.84
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.97
1.97
1.97
1. 98
1.98
1.98
1.97
1.97
$1.85
2.01
2.05
2.08
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.09
2. 09
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.11
Optical instruments
and lenses
Instruments and related products—Continued
Photographic
apparatus
Other transportation
equipment
R a ilr o a d a n d
s tr e e tc a r s
Avg.
w kly.
hours
Instruments and related
products
Transportation equipment--Continued
Railroad
equipm ent4
B o a tb u ild in g a n d
r e p a ir in g
$61. 50
64.06
63.36
65.19
65.12
65. 53
63. 43
64.16
64.00
62.72
63 . 43
63.36
62. 79
63.84
64.56
41.0
40.8
40.1
41.0
40.7
40.7
39.4
40.1
40.0
39.2
39.4
39.6
39.0
39.9
40.1
$1.50
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.60
1.61
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware 4
$65.99
68.85
68.88
71.71
72.31
71.98
66. 58
68.22
67.24
65.69
66.00
65.85
64. 06
66. 26
70.47
42.3
42.5
42.0
43.2
43.3
43.1
40.6
41.6
41.0
40.3
40. C
40.4
39.3
40.9
42.2
$1. 56
1.62
1.64
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.64
1.64
1.64
1. 63
1.65
1. 63
1.63
1.62
1.67
J e w e lr y a n d
fin d in g s
$63. 33
65. 41
63.71
68. 37
68.05
68. 53
63.65
64. 95
64.12
63.34
62 80
62. 93
60.30
62.58
67. 26
42.5
42.2
41.1
43.0
42.8
43.1
40.8
41.9
41.1
40.6
40.0
40.6
38.9
40.9
42.3
$1.49
1.55
1.55
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.56
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.57
1. 55
1.55
1.53
1.59
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble
1407
C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Manufacturing—Continued
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries—Continued
Year and month
1952: A v e r a g e 1953: A verage...
September.
O ctober...
November.
December.
1954: January__
February..
March____
April_____
M ay_____
June............
July............
August.......
September.
S ilv e r w a r e
and
w are
p la te d
Musical instruments
and parts
Avg.
w kly.
earn
ings
$70.81
75. 86
77. 43
78. 04
80. 00
77. 83
71.33
73. 98
73. 03
70. 27
71. 60
70. 62
71.02
74.03
76.86
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.69
1.76
1.78
1. 79
1.81
1.81
1. 77
1 . 80
1.79
1.77
1.79
1. 77
1.78
1.81
1.83
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$68.64
71. 81
70.84
72.80
73. 51
73. 51
70.75
70. 40
69.13
67.90
67. 06
71.06
70.88
71. 20
74.75
Avg.
w kly.
hours
41.9
43.1
43.5
43.6
44.2
43.0
40.3
41.1
40.8
39.7
40.0
39.9
39.9
40.9
42.0
Toys
and
sporting
goods 4
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly. wkly.
earn
earn
hours
ings
ings
41.1
$1.67 $58.73
40.5
40.8
1.76
60.70
40.2
39.8
1.78
60.34
39.7
40.9
1.78
62.12
40.6
41.3
1.78
62.93
40.6
41.3
1.78
61.69
39.8
40.2
60.22
1.76
38.6
40.0
1.76
60.30
38.9
39.5
1.75
59.98
39.2
38.8
1. 75
57. 76
38.0
38.1
1.76
59.04
39.1
39.7
1. 79
57.66
38.7
39.6
1. 79
56. 77
38.1
40.0
58.41
1. 78
39.2
41.3
1.81
58. 89
39.0
M an ufacturing—Continued
Avg.
w kly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.45
1. 51
1. 52
1.53
1. 55
1. 55
1.56
1. 55
1.53
1.52
1.51
1. 49
1.49
1.49
1. 51
G a m e s to y s , d o lls , a n d
c h i l d r e n ’s v e h ic le s
S p o r tin g
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$58.84
61. 35
61. 51
63. 55
64.84
61. 70
59. 63
60.83
61.15
58. 52
59.13
57. 28
56.09
58. 31
58. 65
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$58. 90
60.35
58. 05
60.00
59.65
61.41
60.65
59.49
58.65
56. 77
58. 71
58. 20
57.98
58.74
58.98
Avg.
wkly.
hours
40.3
40.1
40.2
41.0
41.3
39.3
37.5
38.5
39.2
38.0
38.9
38.7
37.9
39.4
39.1
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1. 46
1.53
1.53
1.55
1. 57
1.57
1.59
1.58
1.56
1.54
1.52
1. 48
1.48
1.48
1.50
Pens, pencils, and other
office supplies
$57. 26
40.9
$1. 40
58. 98
40.4
1.46
58.80
40.0
1.47
60.56
41.2
1.47
60. 79
40.8
1.49
61.12
1. 48
41.3
59.30
39.8
1.49
61.80
41.2
1.50
60.79
1.49
40.8
1. 51
61.61
40.8
1.51
61. 31
40. 6
61.05
40.7
1. 50
59. 30
39.8
1.49
59.35
40.1
1.48
40.4
1.48
59.79
Avg.
wkly.
hours
40.9
40.5
38.7
40.0
39.5
40.4
39.9
39.4
39.1
38.1
39.4
38.8
38.4
38.9
38.8
a th le tic
Avg.
hrly..
earn
ings
$1.44
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.52*
1.52
1.51
1.50
1.40
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.52
Transportation and
public utilities
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries—Continued
1952: Average.................
1953: Average________
September______
October..................
November______
December______
1954: January..............
February...............
March__________
April___________
M ay.......................
June___________
July........................
August...................
September______
and
goods
Costume jewelry, but Fabricated plastic prod Other manufacturing
tons, notions
ucts
industries
$55. 74
40.1
$1. 39 $64. 79
41.8
$1. 55 $62. 02
40.8
$1. 52
59. 09
40.2
1.47
67.97
41.7
1.63
64. 80
40.5
1.60
58. 61
1. 48
39.6
66 . 91
40.8
1.64
63. 92
39.7
1.61
58. 07
39.5
1.47
68.06
41.5
1.64
6 6 .34
40.7
1.63
57.57
38.9
1.48
67.73
41.3
1. 64
65.53
40.2
1.63
58.36
39.7
1.47
68.31
41.4
1.65
66.50
40.3
1.65
57.42
38.8
1.48
66.23
39.9
1 .6 6
65.46
39.2
1. 67
57.67
39.5
1.46
67.06
40.4
1 .6 6
6 6 .0 0
40.0
1.65
57.82
39.6
1.46
67.40
40.6
1 .6 6
66.40
40.0
1 .6 6
55. 63
38.1
1.46
65.40
39.4
1 .6 6
65.18
39.5
1.65
56.45
38.4
1.47
6 6 .8 6
39.8
1 .6 8
66.13
39.6
1.67
57.77
39.3
1. 47
67.20
40.0
1 . 68
6 6 . 30
39.7
1.67
56.21
38.5
1.46
67.60
40.0
1.69
65.35
38.9
1 .6 8
56.74
39.4
1.44
68.61
40.6
1.69
6 6 . 63
39.9
1.67
56.79
38.9
1.46
69.19
40.7
1.70
67.13
40.2
1.67
Transportation and public utilities —Continued
Class I railroads
$74.30
76.33
76.33
77.30
76.04
76.78
75.08
79.18
78.66
78.50
76. 05
79. 84
77.59
79.10
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.9
39.4
40.2
38.7
40.4
41.4
41.1
39.2
41.8
40.2
41.2
5
$1.83
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1.89
1.93
1.91
1.94
1.96
1.90
1.91
1.94
1. 91
1.93
1.92
Communication
Local
1952: Average__
1953: Average....
September.
October__
November.
December..
1954: January__
February..
March____
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July--------August___
September.
railways
buslines 8
and
Switchboard operating
employees 1
Telephone
46.4
$76. 56
$1.65
45.1
77.12
1.71
78.13
44.9
1. 74
77.53
44.3
1. 75
44.1
77.18
1. 75
77.43
44.5
1.74
78.59
44.4
1. 77
43.4
77.25
1.78
77.33
43.2
1.79
77.58
43.1
1.80
77.94
43.3
1.80
79.10
43.7
1.81
78. 51
42.9
1.83
78.26
43.0
1 . 82
78.87
43.1
1.83
T ran sp ortation and
public utilities—Con.
$61. 22
65.02
68.16
66 . 01
67.90
65. 84
65.70
65.74
65.70
66.09
67.38
67. 34
68.60
67.69
71.78
38.5
38.7
39.4
38.6
38.8
38.5
38.2
38.0
38.2
38.2
38. 5
38.7
39.2
38.9
40.1
$1.59
1 .6 8
1.73
1.71
1. 75
1. 71
1. 72
1.73
1.72
1.73
1.75
1.74
1.75
1.74
1. 79
$51.43
54. 39
59. 75
55.72
57.88
53. 58
54. 30
54.36
53.64
54.09
56.98
56.39
57.15
56. 47
59.06
37.0
37.0
38.3
36.9
37.1
36.2
36.2
36.0
36.0
36.3
37.0
37.1
37.6
37.4
38.1
$1.39
1. 47
1. 56
1. 51
1.56
1.48
1.50
1.51
1.49
1.49
1.54
1.52
1.52
1. 51
1.55
Wholesale and retail trade
Other public utilities
Total: Gas and electric
utilities
1952: A verage...
1953: A verage...
September.
O ctober...
November.
December.
1954 January...
February..
M arch___
April____
M ay..........
June_____
Juiy...........
August___
September.
$75.12
80. 51
82.76
82.17
82. 98
82.37
81. 77
80.97
80.77
80.77
81.59
82.40
83.83
83.43
85. 69
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.5
41.5
41.8
41.5
41.7
41.6
41.3
41.1
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.5
41.3
41.8
$ 1 . 81
1. 94
1. 98
1. 98
1.99
1. 98
1.98
1. 97
1.97
1.97
1.99
2 .0 0
2 .0 2
2 .0 2
2.05
Line construction, in
stallation, and mainte
Telegraph
nance employees 8
$8 6 . 51
42.2
$2.05 »$72.48
»43.4
» $1. 67
92.23
42.5
74.23
2.17
41.7
1.78
93.94
42.7
2 .2 0
77. 46
42.1
1.84
93. 26
42.2
2 .2 1
74. 05
41.6
1. 78
95.87
42.8
2.24
73.34
41.2
1.78
95.44
42.8
2.23
73.16
41.1
1.78
91. 94
41.6
2 .2 1
72.80
40.9
1. 79
92.57
41.7
2 . 22
41.4
73. 69
1. 78
93.91
42.3
2 .2 2
73. 75
41.2
1.79
93.46
42.1
2 .2 2
42.1
75.78
1.80
9 9?.
93. 88
42.1
75. 78
42.1
1.80
94.75
42.3
2.24
77.15
41.7
1.85
96. 95
42.9
2.26
77.15
41.7
1.85
95.18
42.3
2. 25
77.33
41.8
1 .8 5
100 . 28
43.6
2. 30
77.93
41.9
1. 8 «
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
$67.80
71.69
72. 72
72.67
72. 50
73.26
72.76
72.36
72.76
73.16
73. 93
73.93
74.34
74. 34
74.93
40.6
40.5
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.7
40.2
40.2
40.2
40.2
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.5
$1.67
1. 77
1 . 80
1.79
1. 79
1 . 80
1.81
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.84
1. 85
Retail trade (except
eating and drinking
places)
Genera
$52. 67
55. 02
55. 52
55.24
55.10
54.49
55. 77
55. 91
55.91
55.91
56.41
57.38
58. 51
58. 36
57. 09
$38. 41
38.96
38. 98
38.75
38. 64
39.93
40.14
39.90
40.13
39. 76
39. 91
41.30
42.35
41.76
40.83
39.9
39.3
39.1
38.9
38.8
39.2
39.0
39. 1
39.1
39.1
38.9
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.1
$1.32
1.40
1. 42
1. 42
1.42
1.39
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.45
1. 46
1.47
1.47
1. 46
merchandise
stores 4
35.9
35.1
34.8
34.6
34.5
36.3
34.9
35.0
35.2
35.5
34.7
35.3
36.2
36.0
35.2
$1. 07
1 .1 1
1 .1 2
1 . 12
1 .1 2
1 .1 0
1.15
1.14
1.14
1 .1 2
1.15
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.16
D e p a r tm e n t
s to r e s a n d
g en era l
m a il- o r d e r
h ou ses
$44. 77
44.88
45.09
44.96
44.60
47.13
45.31
45.47
45.49
45. 74
45. 82
47.06
47.84
47.32
46.93
37.0
35.9
35.5
35.4
35.4
37.7
35.4
35.8
36.1
36.3
35.8
36.2
36.8
36.4
36.1
$ 1 .2 1
1.25
1.27
1.27
1.26
1.25
1.28
1.27
1.26
1.26
1 .2 8
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1408
T able
C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Continued
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Retail trade—Continued
Other retail trade
Year and month
1952: Average..............
1953: A verage.......... ..
September_____
October________
November_____
December_____
1954: Jan uary...... .........
February_______
M arch _________
A p r il.....................
M ay---------------
Ju n e....... ......... .
J u ly ____________
August________
September____
Food and liquor stores
Automotive and acces
sories dealers
Apparel and accessories
stores
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$56.52
58.89
60.37
59.37
59. 75
59. 83
59. 75
59. 59
59. 75
59. 75
59 82
60. 92
62. 57
62. 09
61.37
39.8
39.0
39.2
38.3
38.3
38.6
38.3
38.2
38.3
38.3
38.1
38.8
39.6
39.3
38.6
$1.42
1.51
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.55
1.56
1. 56
1.56
1.56
1. 57
1.57
1.58
1.58
1.59
$70.06
73.92
73. 10
74.48
74.32
72.37
71. 60
72.82
73. 26
74.76
75. 75
76. 37
76.37
75. 75
74.87
45.2
44.8
44 -3
44.6
44.5
44. 4
44.2
44.4
44.4
44. 5
44.3
44.4
44.4
44.3
44.3
$1.55
1.65
1.65
1.67
1.67
1.63
1.62
1.64
1.65
1. 68
1.71
1.72
1.72
1. 71
1.69
$43. 68
44.96
45.15
45. 76
45.63
46. 90
46.11
46. 15
45. 80
46. 37
45. 37
46. 51
47. 29
47. 06
46.37
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Furniture and appliance
stores
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$1.22
1.27
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.29
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.31
$61.06
62.31
62.31
63. 15
62. 97
66. 07
63.00
61.89
62. 46
62. 31
62. 73
63. 30
64. 30
63. 84
64.02
35.8
35. 4
35.0
35. 2
35. 1
35.8
35.2
35.5
35. 5
35.4
34. 9
35.5
36.1
36.2
35.4
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Lumber and hardware
supply stores
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$1.43
1.48
1.48
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.47
1.48
1. 48
1.49
1. 50
1. 52
1.52
1. 51
$61.19
64.65
65. 79
66.99
66. 22
65.79
64. 14
65.33
65. 33
66. 22
67. 39
67. 70
67. 86
68. 45
68.14
42.7
42.1
42. 1
42.1
41.7
42.9
42.0
42.1
42. 2
42. 1
42 1
42.2
42.3
42.0
42.4
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Personal services
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
1952: Average_______
1953: Average_______
September_____
October................
November_____
December_____
1954: January_______
February______
March________
June_____
J u ly_____
August___
September.
$52. 50
54. 84
55.03
55.36
55. 33
55.68
56.51
56. 79
56. 47
56. 76
57. 19
57. 09
57. 66
57.75
57. 57
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
$81.08
82. 94
80. 00
80.68
81.73
84. 19
86.83
86. 57
89. 53
92.09
9!. 53
92. 97
94.89
97.66
96.33
Insurance
carriers
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
$63. 38
07.29
67. 30
67.63
68. 54
68.43
68. 74
68.66
69.06
68. 99
69. 72
69.78
71.12
71.09
71.05
Hotels, year-round 11
Cleaning and dyeing
plants
Laundries
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
$37.06
38.40
39 06
39. 76
39. 67
39.81
39. 71
39.90
39.81
39.62
40.13
39.81
40. 03
40.13
40.64
42.6
42.2
42.0
42.3
42.2
41.9
41.8
42.0
41.9
41.7
41.8
41.9
41.7
41.8
41.9
$0.87
.91
.93
.94
.94
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.96
.95
.96
.96
.97
$38.63
39. 69
39. 80
39. 70
40 00
40. 60
39. 70
39.80
39. 60
40. 80
40. 30
40, 50
40.00
39.40
40. 40
41.1
40.5
40.2
40. 1
40.0
40.6
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.4
40.3
40.5
40.0
39.4
40.0
$0. 94
.98
.99
.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1. 00
1.01
$45.10
45. 71
46. 40
46. 92
45.98
46. 68
45.08
45.55
46. 26
50. 40
47. 32
49.20
45. 78
45.46
47.24
1 Data are based upon reports from cooperating establishments covering
both full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for,
any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. For mining,
manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants, data refer to pro
duction and related workers only. For the remaining industries, unless other
wise noted, data relate to nonsupervisory employees and working supervisors.
Data for the most recent month are subject to revision without notation;
revised figures for earlier months will be identified by asterisks the first month
they are published.
8 See footnote 2, table A-2.
* See footnote 3, table A-2.
4 Italicized titles which follow are components of this industry.
1 Figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)
are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by the Inter
state Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay
during the month, except executives, officials, and stall assistants (ICÔ
Group I).
• Beginning with January 1953, data include only privately operated estab
lishments. Averages for earlier years include both privately operated and
Government operated establishments
7 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.41
1.50
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.53
1. 53
1.54
l. 56
1.56
1.56
1.57
1. 57
Service and miscellaneous
Finance, insurance, and real estate 10
Banks and
Security
trust com dealers and
exchanges
panies
43.4
43 1
43. Ö
43.5
43.0
43.0
42.2
42. 7
42. 7
43.0
43. 2
43. 4
43. 5
43.6
43.4
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
41.0
40. 1
40.0
40.1
39.3
39.9
38. 2
38.6
39. 2
42.0
40. 1
41.0
38.8
38.2
39.7
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.10
1.14
1.16
1. 17
1.17
1.17
1. 18
1. 18
1. 18
1.20
I 18
1.20
1. 18
1.19
1.19
Motionpicture pro
duction and
distribu
tion 10
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
$90.56
90.04
85.85
89. 79
92.38
95.25
92.18
92. 97
92. 55
92.25
97. 30
101. 81
102. 79
101. 65
99. 25
switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. During 1953 such employees made up 45 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments
reporting hours and earnings data.
» Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as
central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1953 such employees
made up 24 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in
telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
8 10-month average.
10 Data on average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not avail
able.
i* Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
See N ote on p. 1375.
N o t e .— Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is
given in a technical note on Hours and Earnings in Nonagricultural Industries, which appeared in the April 1954
Monthly Labor Review.
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
1409
T a b l e C - 2 : G r o s s a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s i n s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r i e s , in c u r r e n t a n d
1 9 4 7 - 4 9 d o lla r s 1
Manufacturing
Period
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
Bituminouscoal mining
Manufacturing
Laundries
Period
Cur 1947-49 Cur 1947-49 Cur
rent
rent
rent
dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars
1947-49
dollars
$17.64
17. 93
18. 69
20. 34
23. 08
25. 95
27.73
30.20
32. 71
34. 23
34. 98
35. 47
37.81
38.63
39.69
$29. 70
29. 93
29. 71
29. 18
31. 19
34. 51
36. 06
36.21
34. 25
33. 30
34.36
34.50
34. 06
34.04
34. 69
Average..... .............. $23. 86
Average__________
25. 20
Average........... ......... 29. 58
Average__________ 36. 65
Average__________ 43. 14
Average....................
46. 08
44.39
Average__________
43.82
Average___ ______
Average........ ............
49. 97
54. 14
Average__________
54. 92
Average__________
Average..................... 59. 33
Average.................... 64. 71
67. 97
Average_____ ____
A verage........... ....... 71.69
$40.17
42.07
47.03
52.58
58.30
61.28
57. 72
52. 54
52.32
52. 67
53. 95
57.71
58. 30
59. 89
62.67
$23.88
24.71
30. 86
35. 02
41.62
51.27
52. 25
58.03
66. 59
72. 12
63. 28
70.35
77. 79
78.09
85.31
$40. 20
41.25
49. 06
50. 24
56. 24
68. 18
67. 95
69.58
69.73
70. 16
62. 16
68. 43
70.08
68.80
74. 57
1 These series indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings prior
to and after adjustment for changes in purchasing power as determined from
the Bureau’s Consumer Price Index, the years 1947-49 being the base period.
Bituminouscoal mining
Laundries
Cur 1947-49 Cur 1947-49 Cur 1947-49
rent
rent
rent
dollars
dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars
1953: September________ $71. 42
72.14
October_______ . .
November________ 71.60
December________
72.36
1954: Janu ary................
70. 92
February................... 71.28
70.71
March___________
April_____________ 70.20
M ay_____________ 71.13
June.......................... 71. 08
70.92
July_____________
August___________
71.06
September2. .......... . 71.86
$82.00
62. 51
62. 26
62.98
61. 56
61.98
61.59
61.26
61.85
62.28
61.56
61.79
62. 65
$86.15
89.78
81.17
82. 25
82.34
79. 04
73.06
71.67
76.32
83.00
75. 39
82.09
79.86
$74. 78
77.80
70. 58
71.58
71.48
68. 73
63. 64
62.54
66.37
72.11
65. 44
71.38
69.63
$39. 80
39.70
40 00
40.60
39.70
39. 80
39 60
40 80
40.30
40. 50
40. 00
39. 40
40.40
$34. 55
34.40
34. 78
35.34
34. 46
34. 61
34. 49
35.60
35. 04
35.19
34.72
34. 26
35.22
3 Preliminary,
_ M
bee JN0TE on P. ld7S-
T a ble C - 3 : A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s , g r o s s a n d n e t s p e n d a b le , o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g
i n d u s t r i e s , in c u r r e n t a n d 1 9 4 7 - 4 9 d o lla r s 1
N e t spendable average w eekly
earnings
N e t spendable average w eek ly
earnings
Gross average
w eek ly earnings
Gross average
w eek ly earnings
Worker w ith
no dependents
Period
Am ou nt
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
A verage.—.............
$23.86
A v era g e.................... 25.20
29. 58
A verage___________
A verage____ ____ _
36.65
43. 14
A verage___________
46.08
A verage___________
44.39
A verage................ ..
A v e r a g e ................... 43.82
49. 97
A verage......................
A verage.......... ...........
54.14
A verage____ ______
54. 92
A v era g e... .......... — 59.33
A verage.................... . 64. 71
67. 97
A verage___________
A verage...... ............. . 71.69
Index
C ur
(1947rent
49=100) dollars
45.1
47.6
55.9
69.2
81.5
87.0
83.8
82.8
94.4
102.2
112.0
122.2
103. 7
128.4
135.4
$23. 58
24. 69
28.05
31.77
36.01
38.29
36.97
37. 72
42. 76
47. 43
48.09
51.09
54.04
55. 66
58. 54
W orker w ith 3
dependents
1947-49
dollars
C ur
rent
dollars
1947-49
dollars
$39.70
41.22
44. 59
45.58
48. 66
50. 92
48.08
45.23
44. 77
46. 14
47. 24
49. 70
48.68
49.04
51.17
$23. 62
24. 95
29. 28
36. 28
41.39
44.06
42.74
43.20
48.24
53. 17
53.83
57.21
61.28
63. 62
66.58
$39.76
41. 65
46. 55
52.05
55. 93
58. 59
55.58
51.80
50. 51
51.72
52.88
55. 65
55.21
56.05
58.20
1 N et spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, social security and income taxes for which the
specified type of worker is liable. The amount of income tax liability de
pends, of course, on the number of dependents supported by the worker as
well as on the level of his gross income. Net spendable earnings have, there
fore, been computed for 2 types of income-receivers: (1) A worker with no
dependents; (2) a worker with 3 dependents. See footnote 1, table C-2.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
W orker w ith
no dependents
Period
Àm ount
1953: Septem ber......... .......
October _ ______
N o v e m b e r ..______
D ecem b er_________
1954: Jan uary______ ____
F ebruary................. .
M a r c h ..................
A pril______________
M a y ______________
June______________
J u l y _____________
A u g u st____________
S ep tem b er2_______
$71.42
72. 14
71.60
72.36
70.92
71.28
70. 71
70.20
71.13
71.68
70.92
71.06
71.86
Index
C ur
rent
(194749=100) dollars
134.9
136.2
135.2
136.7
133.9
134.6
133.5
132.6
134.3
135. 4
133. 9
134.2
135.7
$58.33
58.89
58. 47
59.06
58.80
59.09
58.63
58. 22
58.97
59. 41
58.80
58. 91
59. 55
W orker w ith 3
dependents
C ur
1947-49
rent
dollars dollars
1947-49
dollars
$66.36
66.94
66.50
67. 11
$57.60
58. 01
57.83
58. 41
57.29
57.65
57.34
57.08
57. 55
57.89
57. 29
57.50
58. 22
$50.63
5 1 .0 3
50. 84
51. 40
51.04
51.38
51.07
50.80
51.28
51.62
51.04
51.23
51.92
66.00
66.30
65. 83
65. 41
66.18
66.63
66.00
66.12
66.78
The computation of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross aver
age weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing industries
without direct regard to marital status and family composition. The pri
mary value of the spendable series is that of measuring relative changes in
disposable earnings for 2 types of income-receivers.
3 Preliminary.
See N ote on p. 1375.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1410
T a ble
C-4: Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu
facturing industries 1
M anufacturing
Excluding
overtm e
Period
Gross
am ount
1941;
1942;
1943:
1944;
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
A verage____
A verage.........
A verage____
A verage____
A verage____
A verage____
A verage____
A verage.........
A verage____
A verage____
A verage____
A verage____
A verage.........
1O vertim e
D urable goods
$0,729
.853
.961
1.019
1.023
1.086
1.237
1.350
1.401
1.465
1.59
1.67
1.77
Index
A m ount (194749 = 100)
$0.702
.805
.894
.947
» .963
1.051
1.198
1.310
1.367
1.415
1.53
1.61
1.71
N ondurable
goods
M anufacturing
54.5 $0.808 $0. 770 $0,640
62.5
.947
.881
.723
69.4 1.059
.976
.803
73.5 1.117 1.029
.861
.904
»74.8
»1.042
1.015
81.6 1.156
93.0 1.292 1.250 1.171
101.7 1.410 1.366 1.278
106.1 1.469 1.434 1.325
109.9 1. 537 1.480 1.378
118.8 1.67
1.48
1.60
125.0 1.77
1.70
1.54
132.8 1.87
1.80
1.61
1.111
1.122
$0,625
.698
.763
.814
».858
.981
1.133
1.241
1.292
1.337
1.43
1.49
1.56
Gross
am ount
Gross
A m ount
1953: S eptem ber—
O ctober____
N o v e m b e r ...
D ecem b er .. .
1954: Jan uary____
February___
M arch _____
A p r il_______
M a y _______
J u n e_______
J u ly ..............
A u g u st_____
Septem ber 3_
is defined as work in excess of 40 hours per w eek and paid for
$1.79
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.80
1.80
1. 79
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.80
1. 79
1.81
Index
(194749=100)
$1.73
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.76
1.75
1.75
1. 75
1.76
1.76
1.76
1. 74
1.76
134.3
134.3
135.1
135.1
136.6
135.9
135.9
135.9
136.6
136.6
136.6
135.1
136.6
$1.90
1.90
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.92
N ondurable
goods
E x
E x
cluding
cluding
over Gross over
tim e
tim e
$1.84
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.86
1.85
1. 85
1.85
$1.63
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.65
1. 65
1. 65
1.86 1.66
1.86 1.66
1.86 1.66
1.85
1.65
1.87
1.66
$1.58
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.61
1.61
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.60
1.61
» 11-month average; A ugust 1945 excluded because of V -J h oliday period,
3 Prelim inary,
See N ote on p. 1375.
at tim e and one-half. T h e com putation of average hourly earnings excluding
overtime m akes no allow ance for special rates of pay for work done on holidays.
T a ble
E xcluding
overtim e
Period
E x
E xclud
cluding
Gross over Gross ing over
tim e
tim e
D urable goods
C-5: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity 1
[1947-49=1001
1954
Annual
average
1953
Major industry group and industry
Sept.2 Aug.
July
June
M ay
April
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
1953
1952
_______
103.1
102.9
100.2
102.1
100.4
99.9
101.8
102.4
101.9
108.4
110.6
114.8
114.5
113.5
109.7
Mining _ ._____ _________________________
71.4
74.8
72.5
75.4
72.3
71.5
73.9
78.0
80.3
82.9
83.2
86.5
86.5
86.6
90.9
Contract construction_________________
129.1
135.4
132.7
129.4
122.5
115.9
109.8
106.0
98.3
120.6
130.1
140.2
133.2
124.2
127.5
Manufacturing- _______________________
101.5
100.1
97.4
100.0
99.5
102.5
103.5
103.8
108.4
109.6
113.0
113. 7
113.7
108.4
Durable- ___________________________
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)________________ ________
Furniture and fixtures_______________
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries___________
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment) _____________
Machinery (except electrical)________
Electrical m achinery-__________
Transportation equipment___________
Instruments and related products_____
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries________________ _____________
104.7
497.7
103.5
489.9
102.2
506.1
107.0
522.1
107.2 108.1
542.0 587.8
110.6
654.3
112.5
712.1
113.7
764.1
118.4
812.7
119.6
809.2
123.6
854.3
123.4
862.1
125.5
826.7
116.6
625.0
94.9
100.1
100.8
91.4
83.2
96.6
99.9
91.6
80.6
88.9
96.7
91.5
93.8
90.0
97.8
94.0
88.5
88.8
97.6
92.4
85.3
91.6
97.3
92.8
84.1
96.2
98.2
94.4
82.3
96.7
97.8
97.5
79.6
96.1
96.2
101.4
86.1
101.4
103.2
105.4
91.2
103.8
105.4
106.7
95.2
106.3
108.3
110.4
94.7
105.8
106.9
111.7
94.0
108.2
106.6
114.0
96.9
106.2
104.3
104.6
105.4
95.1
124.7
117.8
109.8
105.5
94.9
121.5
124.2
106.6
102.8
95.9
117.2
127.0
106.8
107.5
100.6
119.8
131.9
110.2
107.8
102.0
122.0
136.0
112.0
106.9
103.7
123.8
138.6
114.3
109.4
106. 6
127.9
141.0
118.9
111.5
108.6
130.6
144.0
120.9
112.9
109.4
131.1
148.6
121.9
115.4
112.3
138.3
151.1
128.1
117.8
111.4
143.3
146.3
129.1
121.4
113.8
146.9
153.9
128.7
121.5
113.5
148.4
153.1
128.6
123. 7
118.9
148. 0
158.7
129.1
112.1
118.4
131.2
138.0
122.7
101.4
97.8
91.6
96.4
95.6
96.6
101.0
102.1
98.7
107.5
112.1
115.3
111.9
109.8
100.5
Nondurable__________________________
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures___ ____ _______
Textile-mill products. . . . . __________
Apparel and other finished textile products________________ ___________
Paper and allied products..- _______
Printing, publishing, and allied Industries _____ _____________ _____
Chemicals and allied products................
Products of petroleum and coal_______
Rubber products __________________
Leather and leather products_________
97.6
103.1
106.9
80.2
96.1
101.0
97.4
79.6
91.7
94.8
78.1
75.8
91.6
89.4
78.4
78.0
89.4
84.2
75.5
76.0
89.2
81.3
73.5
76.5
92.9
81.5
75.0
79.2
92.8
81.8
80.1
79.6
92.1
83.8
87.3
78.5
96.4
89.4
101.7
83.2
97.6
95.1
96.1
84.2
100. 5
101.6
106.8
86.0
102.2
111.2
108.9
86.3
99. 7
93.5
90.1
90.0
94.7
92.2
90.7
100.5
110.1
101.0
109.0
91.8
107.2
91.9
108.5
91.5 93.8
106.9 105.7
106.1
107.8
104.3
107.5
98.2
107.6
103.5
111.1
102.8
112.3
106.0
113.2
102.0
112.9
106.8
111.4
104.5
105.9
106.6
102. 9
96.6
102.3
88.4
104.5
99.9
97.5
87.0
92.9
103.9
99.4
98.6
85.8
90.3
101.0
104.9
104.0 104.0
101.8 103.8
97.4 94.0
98.3 95.0
82.2 85.3
105.4
104.9
94.0
96.4
93.8
103.7
104.4
94.9
99.1
94.9
104.3
105.0
95.3
100.1
91.9
109.0
106.1
97.3
102.8
92.3
107.2
107.2
99.3
104.0
88.7
108.1
107.5
100.2
106.0
88.7
106.9
108.8
102.5
108.0
89.1
105.5
107.8
100.9
111. 7
96.4
102.7
104.7
98.2
108.4
96.9
T o ta l3. - ___________ __________
99.3
100.1
87.4
1Aggregate man-hours are for th e w eek ly p a y period en d in g nearest th e
15th of the m onth and do n ot represent totals for the m onth. For m in in g and
m anufacturing industries, data refer to production and related workers. For
contract construction, the data relate to construction workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
99.1
2 Prelim inary.
3 Includes o n ly the divisions show n,
98.6
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble
1411
C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for
selected States and areas 1
A labam a
State
Arizona
B irm ingham
M o b ile
Arkansas
State
Ph oen ix
State
Y ear and m on th
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
1952: A v e r a g e _____ $52.53
1953: A verage........ . 55.32
1953: Septem ber___ 55.13
O ctober..........._ 54.63
N o v em b er___ 55.38
D ecem ber......... 54 99
1954: January______ 54. 95
F eb ru ary......... 54.95
M arch _______ 54. 57
A pril_________ 54.24
M a y _________ 54.67
J u n e_____ . . .
55.06
J u ly --------------- 55.24
A u g u s t............. 56.23
S eptem ber___ 57.28
40.1
39.8
39.1
39.3
39.0
39.0
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.2
38.5
38.5
38.9
39.6
39.5
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
$1.31 $63.18
1.39 69.20
1.41 70.09
1.39 70.05
1.42 70.27
1.41 70. 27
1.42 71.56
1.42 70. 71
1.41 70.13
1.42 68.85
1.42 70.09
1.43 70. 71
1.42 72. 50
1.42 71.86
1.45 73.47
40.5
40.0
39.6
39.8
39.7
39.7
40.2
39.5
39.4
38.9
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.7
39.5
A vg.
h rly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
$1.56 $60.20
1.73 63.04
1.77 66.90
1.76 62.17
1.77 61.85
1.77 65.29
1.78 64.08
1.79 63.04
1.78 65.12
1.77 64.87
1.77 67.32
1.79 64.96
1.84 67.89
1.81 67.87
1.86 67.72
40.4
39.9
40.3
39.1
38.9
40.3
39.8
39.4
40.2
39.8
41.3
40.6
40.9
40.4
39.6
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
$1.49 $75. 50
1.58 78.96
1.66 80.87
1.59 78.78
1.59 79. 61
1.62 79. 65
1.61 82.06
1.60 79.10
1.62 79.04
1.63 79.10
1.63 79. 71
1.60 81.83
1.66 77.03
1.68 83.95
1. 71 84. 60
42.9
42.0
41.9
40.4
41.9
41.7
42.3
41.2
41.6
41.2
41.3
42.4
39.5
42.4
42.3
Arkansas—
C ontinued
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.4
41.4
41.6
38.8
40.8
40.5
40.9
40.8
40.8
40.5
39.9
40.6
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
$1.76 $71.40
1.88 76.45
1.93 79.95
1.95 76.76
1.90 75.81
1.91 76.97
1.94 81.34
1.92 77.97
1.90 78.12
1.92 77. 55
1.93 76.97
1.93 79.10
1.95 72.38
1.98 82.78
2.00 84.60
42.0
41.1
41.0
40.4
39.9
40.3
41.5
40.4
40.9
40.6
40.3
41.2
37.5
41.6
42.3
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
ings
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
$1.70 $47. 20
1.86 49.49
1.95 50.26
1.90 50.68
1.90 49.94
1.91 50. 75
1.96 48.64
1.93 51.13
1.91 50.92
1.91 50.84
1.91 50.22
1.92 51.38
1.93 51.66
1.99 51.53
2.00 51.53
41.4
40.9
41.2
41.2
40.6
40.6
38.6
40.9
41.4
41.0
40.5
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.9
State
$1.12 $75.85
1.18 78.82
1.19 78.84
1.19 79.69
1.18 79.18
1.19 80.28
1.19 80.23
1.20 80.23
1.19 79.68
1.20 79.54
1.21 80.85
1. 20 81.44
1.22 80.43
1.21 81.24
1.22 81. 55
Fresno
40.6
40.1
39.9
40.3
39.7
39.9
39.6
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.8
39.9
39.6
40.4
40.4
$1.87 $64.27
1.97 67.37
1.98 66.90
1.98 69.37
1.99 63.83
2.01 66.05
2.02 68.11
2.02 67.95
2.02 69.50
2.02 70.82
2.03 72.11
2.04 70.86
2.03 70.32
2.01 73. 76
2.02 68.47
37.6
37.4
37.5
38.9
35.5
36.2
36.5
36.4
37.8
37.9
38.2
38.1
37.7
39.5
37.0
L os A ngeles
$1.71 $76.20
1.80 79.03
1.79 78. 79
1.78 79.39
1.80 79.47
1.82 80.40
1.86 80.44
1.87 80.44
1.84 79.68
1.87 79. 25
1.89 80.26
1.86 81.17
1.87 80.48
1.87 81.19
1.85 81.41
41.3
40.7
40.2
40.5
40.4
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.0
39.8
40.1
40.3
40.0
40.4
40.2
Sacram ento
$1.84 $73. 00
1.94 74.77
1.96 87.48
1.96 78.88
1.97 76.64
1.99 76. 51
2.00 76.52
2.00 76. 52
1.99 75.85
1.99 72.01
2.00 78.03
2. 01 77.10
2.01 77.36
2.01 69.47
2.02 85.23
39.8
39.0
44.5
41.0
38.4
38.2
37.9
37.9
37.1
36.3
39.9
38.7
37.7
36.4
42.6
1952: A verage______ $69.92
1953: A verage______ 75. 59
1953: Septem ber___ 73.72
O ctober............. 76.67
N o v em b er___ 77. 45
D ecem ber____ 82. 66
1954: January______ 81.92
F ebruary_____ 78.89
M arch _______ 78.82
A pril_________ 79.99
M a y . . ____
81.35
June_________ 80. 79
J u ly __________ 81.77
A u g u st............. 81.91
S eptem ber___ 80.87
38.5
39.1
37.8
39.4
39.7
41.7
40.8
39.6
39.2
39.4
40.1
39.6
39.9
39.8
39.2
$1.14
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.23
1.25
1.26
1.25
1.23
1.24
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.26
1.26
San FranciscoOakland
$1.82 $77.27
1.93 80.30
1.95 80.44
1.95 81.98
1.95 81.10
1.98 81.21
2.01 82.14
1.99 81.28
2.01 81.80
2.03 81.20
2. 03 83.18
2. 04 83. 33
2.05 82.76
2.06 83.48
2. 06 83.16
39.6
39.2
39.1
39.8
38.7
38.6
38.9
38.6
38.8
38.4
39.2
39.3
39.1
40.1
39.7
$1.95 $72.00
2.05 75.36
2.06 76.48
2. 06 73.97
2.09 72.81
2.10 76. 56
2.11 76.25
2.11 77.85
2.11 76.24
2.12 75.30
2.12 77. 35
2.12 78.94
2.11 74.07
2.08 78.81
2.10 76. 60
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.4
40.1
40.6
40.1
39.4
39.6
39.3
39.8
40.3
40.1
40.7
40.3
$1.82
1.91
1.94
1.94
1.92
1.95
1.95
1.93
1.92
1.93
1.95
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.99
Colorado
Sân Jose
40.8
40.2
42.6
40.4
38.2
39.3
38.4
38.9
38.9
37.8
38.8
39.2
39.9
43.9
42.2
San BernardinoR iverside-O ntario
$1.83 $73. 78
1.92 76.78
1.97 78. 44
1.92 78. 30
2.00 76.76
2. 00 78. 97
2.02 78.40
2.02 76.04
2.05 76.13
1.98 76.00
1.95 77. 51
1.99 79.43
2.05 78.80
1.91 80. 37
2. 00 80.34
California— C ontinued
San D iego
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
California
L ittle Rock-I Sortii
L ittle Ro ck
1952: A verage______ $45.81
1953: A verage______ 48.38
1953: S eptem ber___ 48.67
O ctober______ 49.27
N o v em b er___ 48.85
D ecem b er____ 49.50
1954: January______ 46.17
February_____ 48.96
M arch _______ 48.20
A pril_________ 49.08
M a y ________
49.37
J u n e................... 48. 96
J u ly __________ 49.41
A u g u st___. . .
48.28
S eptem ber___ 49. 53
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Stockton
$1.76 $71. 30
1.88 74.17
1.80 72. 61
1.83 74. 20
1.91 74.27
1.95 75.26
1.99 77.67
2.00 75.16
1.96 75.44
1.99 75.35
1.99 75. 66
2. 01 77. 79
1.85 75.03
1.79 71.98
1.81 76. 01
39.3
39.4
39.3
40.2
38.2
38.6
38.8
38.3
38.1
38.6
39.0
40.0
38.7
39.0
40.5
State
$1.81 $67.16
1.88 71.34
1.85 69.65
1.85 70.30
1.94 72.80
1.95 72.04
2. 00 71.02
1.96 72.00
1.98 72.32
1.95 71.78
1.94 72. 76
1.94 74. 75
1.94 75.17
1.85 73. 03
1.87 71.82
41.2
41.0
39.8
40.4
41.6
40.7
39.9
40.0
40.4
40.1
40.2
41.3
41.3
40.8
39.9
D en ver
$1.63 $67.07
1.74 71.28
1. 75 70.70
1.74 73.28
1.75 72.34
1.77 70.40
1. 78 70.67
1.80 71.82
1.79 72.72
1.79 73.44
1.81 73.20
1.81 74.30
1.82 73. 53
1. 79 72.32
1.80 73.63
41.4
41.2
40.4
41.4
41.1
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.4
40.8
40.0
40.6
40.4
40.4
39.8
$1.62
1.73
1.75
1.77
1.76
1. 76
1.78
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.83
2.83
1.82
1.79
1.85
C onnecticut
State
1952: A verage______ $70.28
1953: A verage______ 74.87
1953: Septem ber___ 74.23
October______ 75.18
N o v em b er___ 75.42
D ecem b er____ 75.24
1954: January______ 72.14
F ebruary_____ 72.90
M arch_____
71. 96
A pril_________ 71.10
M a y _______
71.82
J u n e________
72.40
J u ly __________ 72.00
A u g u st_______ 72.36
Septem ber___ 73.12
42.0
42.3
41.7
42.0
41.9
41.8
40.3
40.5
40.2
39.5
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.2
40.4
See footnotes at end of table.
322061— 54-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Bridgeport
$1.67 $72. 58
1. 77 75. 71
1.78 74.89
1.79 76.96
1.80 77. 00
1.80 76.82
1.79 74.03
1.80 76.30
1.79 75.52
1.80 73.47
1.80 74.80
1.81 75.17
1.80 74.40
1.80 74. 03
1.81 75.58
42.2
41.6
40.7
41.6
41.4
41.3
39.8
40.8
40.6
39.5
40.0
40.2
40.0
39.8
40.2
$1.72 $77.28
1.82 80.96
1.84 81.47
1.85 82.40
1.86 81.84
1.86 81.47
1.86 77.70
1.87 77. 79
1.86 76.07
1.86 75.48
1.87 75. 30
1.87 76.26
1.86 77.68
1.86 76. 67
1.88 77.64
Hartford
43.7
44.0
43.8
44.3
44.0
43.8
42.0
41.6
40.9
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.3
N e w B ritain
$1.77 $69. 53
1.84 73.95
1.86 72.92
1.86 76.01
1.86 75.05
1.86 75.47
1.85 71.20
1.87 73.34
1.86 71.69
1.85 70. 62
1.85 70.27
1.86 70.31
1.89 70. 53
1.87 70.13
1.88 68. 71
42.2
42.5
41.2
42.7
42.4
42.4
40.0
41.2
40.5
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.4
39.4
38.6
N e w H aven
$1.65 $65.00
1.74 70.64
1. 77 70.04
1.78 70.97
1.77 71.38
1.78 70.62
1.78 65.66
1.78 67.66
1.77 67.49
1.77 66.35
1.77 68.28
1.78 68.85
1.79 70.64
1.78 69.49
1.78 69.60
41.4
41.8
41.2
41.5
41.5
41.3
38.4
39.8
39.7
38.8
39.7
39.8
40.6
40.4
40.0
$1.57 $74.64
1.69 80.45
1.70 82.88
1.71 86. 57
1.72 82.93
1.71 80. 34
1.71 77. 39
1.70 82. 39
1.70 80. 57
1.71 79. 59
1.72 78.99
1.73 78. 39
1.74 75.84
1.72 80. 78
1.74 81.16
Stamford
41.9
41.9
42.5
43.5
42.1
41.2
40.1
41.4
40.9
40.4
40.3
40.2
39.5
40.8
41.2
$1.78
1.92
1.95
1.99
1.97
1.95
1.93
1. 99
1.97
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.92
1.98
1.97
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1412
T a b l e C - 6 : H o u r s a n d g r o s s e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s f o r s e l e c t e d
S t a t e s a n d a r e a s — C o n tin u e d
C onnecticut— C on.
Waterbury
Year and month
1952: Average.
1953: Average_____
1953: Septem ber.. .
October______
November__
December____
1954: January.
February____
March_______
April___ ____
M ay________
J u n e ... _____
July_________
A ugust.._ . . .
September___
Wilmington
State
Avg.
wkly. wAvg.
kly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
kly.
earn earn w
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
$68. 75
75.93
75.76
74. 34
73.28
73.16
69.91
71.60
72.00
69.27
70. 88
72. 58
73. 30
72. 36
74.03
$1.65 $66.46
1.77 69.89
1.77 68.64
1.77 69.21
1.77 69.91
1.78 71.90
1.77 71.71
1.79 69. 97
1.80 69.30
1.79 69. 53
1.79 71.02
1.81 71.21
1.81 72. 36
1.80 68. 29
1.81 69.27
$1.62 $76.85
1.71 82. 28
1.66 79.55
1.71 81.24
1.76 82.01
1.77 83. 52
1.82 83. 29
1.77 81.84
1.76 81.03
1.79 83.82
1.78 84.23
1.75 85.32
1.80 85.25
1.68 83.25
1.74 83. 25
41.8
42.9
42.8
42.0
41.4
41.1
39.5
40.0
40.0
38.7
39.6
40.1
40.5
40.2
40.9
41.0
40.8
41.4
40.4
39.7
40.6
39.4
39.6
39.4
38.8
39.9
40.6
40.2
40.7
39.9
Georgia—Continued
1952: Average_____ $57.94
1953: Average_____ 62.83
1953: September___ 63.04
October______ 62.16
November__
62.16
December____ 62. 62
1954: January. . . . 65.69
February____ 61.62
M arch_______ 60. 45
April________ 61.86
M ay______ _ 62.41
June____ _ . 62. 25
July-------------- 63.36
August_____
62.80
September___ 62.49
40.8
40.8
39.9
40.1
40.1
40.4
40.8
39.5
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
40.1
40.0
39.8
$1.42 $60. 21
1.54 63.57
1.58 63.70
1.55 63.76
1.55 65. 52
1.55 68. 57
1.61 67.27
1.56 66. 73
1.55 64.64
1.57 64. 37
1.58 64.17
1.58 64. 74
1.58 65. 94
1.57 68.43
1.57 65.85
40.9
41.2
40.3
40.2
40.4
40.8
40.2
40.0
39.8
40.2
40.3
40.9
40.5
40.1
39. 7
42.7
42.1
41.1
41.4
42.0
43.4
41.2
42.5
41.7
41.8
41.4
41.5
42.0
42.5
40.9
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
kly.
earn earn w
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.88 $53.59
2.00 55.36
1.97 55.24
2.02 54.94
2.03 56.84
2.05 56.68
2.07 56.53
2. 05 56. 39
2.04 55.74
2. 09 56.01
2.09 55.07
2.09 55.62
2.11 55.62
2.08 56.17
2.10 56.30
$1.26 $51.68
1.31 54.53
1.34 52.74
1.33 53. 92
1.33 55.19
1.33 56.31
1.33 55. 73
1.33 57. 24
1.34 53.60
1.34 55.06
1.34 54. 93
1.36 54. 80
1.37 55. 20
1.37 56.16
1.38 55.48
$1.24 $47.88
1.30 50. 27
1.31 49.41
1.32 49.64
1.31 49. 64
1.30 49.53
1.33 49.79
1. 35 49.28
1.33 48. 76
1.33 48.13
1. 33 47.88
1.33 48.51
1.38 48.38
1.39 49.00
1.38 49. 27
1952: Average. ___
1953: Average_____
1953: September___
October______
November___
D ecember.. . .
1954: January_____
February___
March______
April_____ . .
M ay. ______
June________
July-------------August___ _.
September___
$67.08
69.08
69.13
70.43
70.71
70.00
69.83
68.58
69.24
69.10
70.57
71.26
70.87
70. 41
72. 83
41.5
40.8
40.3
41.1
40.9
40.8
40.4
39.9
39.9
39.7
40.1
40.5
40.1
40.3
40.8
42.7
42.2
41.2
41.3
42.6
42.7
42.5
42.4
41.6
41.8
41.1
40.9
40.6
41.0
40.8
41.0
40.9
39.6
41.8
40.8
41.4
40.9
39.6
39.9
40.3
40.8
41.3
42.7
40.4
42.0
State
$1.83 $72.18
1.87 76.39
1.92 76.59
1.86 76.79
1.86 76. 56
1.86 76.91
1.89 75. 90
1.84 75.66
1.83 75. 39
1.87 74.60
1.92 75. 25
1.94 76. 21
1.94 75.66
1.90 75. 82
1.94 77. 37
41.2
41.1
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.7
40.0
40.0
39.8
39.4
39.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
40.4
Des Moines
$1.62 $69.81
1.69 73.98
1.72 76. 39
1. 72 75.59
1.73 75.13
1.71 74.42
1.73 73.11
1.72 72. 01
1.73 73.54
1.74 75.18
1. 76 77. 71
1.76 77.50
1.77 73.82
1.75 76. 58
1.79 78.19
40.3
40.0
40.3
39.9
40.1
40.0
39.1
38.6
39.4
39.8
40.1
40.1
38.2
39.0
39.6
42.6
41.3
40.4
40.3
41.0
40.3
40.7
41.5
41.1
41.3
42.0
41.6
42.1
42.2
42.4
$1.68 $65. 55
1.79 66.62
1.80 65.56
1.82 71.04
1.84 70.49
1.83 69.13
1.86 68.08
1.85 67. 21
1.85 66.61
1.85 67. 02
1.86 69. 24
1.84 72.88
1.86 63. 57
1.88 65.03
1.89 78. 84
42.2
41.1
39.9
42.0
41.5
41.2
41.2
41.0
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.5
39.3
39.4
43.1
State
$59. 22
63.80
64.53
64. 68
63.84
65.14
63.90
63.83
65.35
64.24
65.67
66.46
66. 01
64.87
65. 73
42.0
41.7
41.1
42.0
42.0
42.3
40.7
40.4
41.1
40.4
41.3
41.8
41.0
40.8
41.6
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.2
41.3
41.1
41.1
40.8
40.9
39.9
39.8
39.6
39.1
39.4
40.0
39.5
39.7
40.1
41.4
41.6
42.0
41.1
40.9
41.6
41.0
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.4
41.7
40.9
40.7
40.6
N ew Orleans
$2.04 $56. 82
2.14 62. 56
2. 23 63.12
2.18 64.62
2.18 64.06
2.19 63.67
2.19 63.50
2.17 63.41
2.23 65.20
2.23 63. 73
2.24 66. 99
2.24 67. 06
2.32 65.84
2. 25 67. 06
2. 30 66.26
40.3
40.1
39.7
40.9
40.8
40.3
39.2
38.9
40.0
39.1
40.6
40.4
39.9
40.4
40.4
$1.41 $55.17
1.56 56.88
1.59 56.32
1.58 56. 03
1.57 54.61
1.58 57.81
1.62 56.60
1.63 57.11
1.63 57.02
1.63 55. 53
1.65 54. 70
1.66 56.17
1.65 56.70
1.66 55. 78
1.64 55. 29
$1.56 $76.73
1.62 76.33
1.64 73.48
1.69 73.57
1.70 77. 52
1.68 74.12
1.65 75.44
1.64 81.06
1.63 81.04
1.66 81.22
1.69 81.70
1.72 80.12
1.62 82.40
1.65 85.20
1.83 85. 42
$1.82 $72.64
1.93 77.14
1.97 76.24
1.95 77.19
1.96 76.42
1.96 77.70
1.97 76.07
1.97 75.39
1.97 75.02
1.96 74.14
1.98 75.78
1.98 75. 70
1.99 75. 29
1.98 75.20
1.99 75.42
40.8
40.7
40.1
40.3
39.8
40.2
39.4
39.3
39.2
38.7
39.6
39.5
39.0
39.3
39.7
$1.78
1.89
1.90
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.91
1.90
43.7
40.9
39.3
38.6
40.6
38.6
38.9
41.7
41.5
41.7
41.7
41.0
42.4
42.8
42.8
State
$1.76 $62. 73
1.86 68.00
1.87 70.14
1.91 69.75
1.91 67.44
1.92 67.03
1.94 66.22
1.94 66.19
1.95 66. 47
1.95 66.16
1.96 66. 75
1.96 67.57
1.94 67. 77
1.99 68.18
2.00 68.62
$1.35 $56. 96
1.40 59. 57
1.41 61.08
1.40 59.42
1.42 58.50
1.42 58.46
1.40 59.02
1. 41 60. 93
1.42 60.65
1.42 61.27
1.41 59.64
1.40 60.68
1.41 61.37
1.40 61. 50
1.43 60.96
42.1
41.9
41.8
42.4
40.6
40.6
40.2
39.9
39.9
39.6
40.0
40.3
40.5
40.9
40.7
$1.49
1.62
1.68
1.65
1.66
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.68
1.67
1.67
1.69
Maryland
Portland
State
40.8
40.6
40.1
39.9
38.6
40.7
40.5
40.5
40.3
39.2
38.9
40.2
40.3
39.9
38.7
State
Wichita
Maine
Baton Rouge
$1.41 $84.46
1.53 89.02
1.57 93.66
1.54 89.60
1.52 89.16
1.54 91.10
1.57 89.79
1.58 89.84
1.59 91.65
1.59 92. 32
1.59 92. 74
1.59 93.41
1.61 94.89
1. 59 91.58
1.58 93. 38
$1.20
1.26
1.28
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.29
1.27
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.26
1. 25
1.25
1.26
Kentucky
Topeka
State
$1.73 $71.42
1.85 74.18
1.90 72. 75
1.89 73.40
1.87 75.48
1.86 73.80
1.87 75. 86
1.87 76. 90
1.87 76.12
1.89 76.45
1.94 78.15
1. 94 76. 77
1.93 78.20
1.96 79. 37
1.97 80. 30
39.9
39.9
38.6
39.4
39.4
39.0
38.6
38.8
38.7
38.2
38.0
38.5
38.7
39.2
39.1
Chicago 2
$1.75 $74. 76
1.86 79.84
1.87 80.77
1.87 80. 34
1.89 79.94
1.89 80.36
1.90 78. 64
1.89 78.24
1.89 77.83
1.89 76.62
1.91 77. 98
1.90 79.24
1.91 78.54
1.90 78.74
1.92 79. 72
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Indiana
Kansas
Louisiana
1952: Average_____
1953: Average_____
1953: September___
October______
N ovem ber.. .
December____
1954: January. _ _
February____
M a r c h ______
April________
M a y .. ______
J u n e ... _____
July_________
August______
September___
41.8
42.0
40.3
40.8
42.2
43.4
41.9
42.4
40.3
41.4
41.3
41.2
40.0
40.4
40.2
Illinois
State
$1.41 $75.03
1.51 76.48
1.55 76.03
1.54 77.75
1.56 75.89
1.58 77.00
1. 56 77.30
1.57 72.86
1.55 73.02
1.54 75.36
1.55 78.34
1.56 80.12
1. 57 82.84
1.61 76.76
1.61 81.48
State
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Iowa
State
State
Idaho
Savannah
Atlanta
Georgia
Florida
Delaware
41.9
41.6
42.0
41.3
40.2
40.1
40. 7
41.0
40.7
40.8
40.5
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.3
State
$1.36 $63.84
1.43 67. 35
1.45 66.45
1.44 68.38
1.45 68.16
1.46 68. 72
1.45 66.15
1.49 67. 92
1.49 68.18
1.50 67. 30
1.47 68.20
1.48 68. 62
1.49 68.92
1.50 67. 92
1.51 67.96
40.5
40.7
40.1
40.9
40.3
40.4
38.5
39.7
40.0
39.3
39.7
40.2
39.6
40.2
39.7
$1.58
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.72
1. 71
1.71
1.71
1.72
1.71
1.74
1.69
1.71
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
1413
C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries
selected states and a re a s —Continued
M a r y la n d — C o n .
for
M a ssa ch u setts
B a lt im o r e
S ta te
S p r in g f ie ld -H o ly o k e
N e w B ed fo rd
F a ll R iv e r
B o sto n
Y e a r a n d m o n th
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
h ours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
A vg.
h r ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
earn
in g s
A vg.
w k ly .
hours
1952: A v e r a g e . ............. $ 6 7 .2 2
1953: A v e r a g e - ............ 7 1 .7 3
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
$ 1 .6 5
1 .7 6
$ 6 3 .4 3
6 6 .6 0
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
$ 1 .5 7
1 .6 5
$ 6 5 .0 4
6 8 .0 9
4 0 .4
4 0 .1
$ 1 .6 1
1 .7 0
$49. 63
5 3 .4 6
3 7 .6
3 9 .0
$ 1 .3 2
1 .3 7
$53. 52
5 5 .5 5
3 8 .5
3 9 .3
$ 1 .3 9
1 .4 2
$69. 39
7 0 .3 8
4 1 .8
4 0 .9
$ 1 .6 6
1 .7 2
1953: S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1954: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h . . _____
A p r i l ______ . . .
M a y __________
J u n e .. . . .
J u l y ____________
A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
4 0 .3
4 0 .9
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
3 8 .9
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
1 .7 8
1 .7 8
1 .7 9
1 .7 9
1 .7 9
1 .7 9
1 .7 8
1 .7 9
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
1 .8 3
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
6 6 .0 7
6 5 .8 0
6 5 .3 0
6 7 .3 7
6 6 .1 9
6 6 .6 3
65. 90
6 4 .0 2
64. 57
6 5 .2 4
65. 07
65. 57
65. 24
3 9 .8
3 9 .4
3 9 .1
4 0 .1
3 9 .4
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
3 8 .8
3 8 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
3 9 .5
3 9 .3
1. 66
1 .6 7
1 .6 7
1 .6 8
1. 68
1. 67
1 .6 6
1 .6 5
1 .6 6
1 .6 6
1 .6 6
1 .6 6
1 .6 6
6 8 .2 8
6 7 .9 9
6 7 .3 4
6 9 .2 5
6 7 .8 6
6 8 .1 6
6 8 .9 0
6 7 .6 9
6 8 .7 8
6 8 .1 6
68. 21
68. 51
69. 82
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 8 .7
3 9 .8
3 9 .0
3 9 .4
3 9 .6
3 8 .9
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .2
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
1 .7 2
1 .7 3
1 .7 4
1 .7 4
1 .7 4
1. 73
1. 74
1. 74
1 .7 5
1 .7 3
1 .7 4
1 .7 3
1 .7 5
5 3 .2 7
53. 52
52. 88
54. 49
5 1 .8 0
53. 79
5 1 .7 9
5 2 .4 7
5 0 .4 6
51. 34
5 1 .9 9
4 7 .7 9
5 0 .4 6
3 8 .6
3 8 .5
3 7 .5
3 9 .2
3 7 .0
3 8 .7
3 7 .8
3 8 .3
3 6 .3
3 7 .2
3 7 .4
3 5 .4
3 7 .1
1 .3 8
1 .3 9
1 .4 1
1 .3 9
1 .4 0
1 .3 9
1 .3 7
1 .3 7
1 .3 9
1 .3 8
1 .3 9
1 .3 5
1 .3 6
5 5 .7 7
5 3 .4 8
5 3 .7 1
5 5 .5 4
53. 68
5 3 .0 2
53. 68
5 1 .5 5
5 3 .8 6
55. 54
55. 20
54. 57
5 8 .4 0
3 9 .0
3 7 .4
3 7 .3
3 8 .3
3 7 .8
3 7 .6
3 7 .8
3 6 .3
3 7 .4
3 8 .3
3 8 .6
3 8 .7
4 0 .0
1 .4 3
1 .4 3
1 .4 4
1 .4 5
1 .4 2
1 .4 1
1 .4 2
1 .4 2
1 .4 4
1 .4 5
1 .4 3
1 .4 1
1 .4 6
6 8 .1 1
69. 20
6 9 .2 5
7 1 .2 2
7 1 .5 1
7 1 .6 3
7 1 .4 0
69. 52
7 0 .8 0
7 1 .9 6
7 2 .1 4
70. 98
7 0 .6 2
3 9 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
3 9 .9
1 .7 2
1 .7 3
1 .7 4
1 .7 5
1 .7 7
1 .7 6
1 .7 5
1 .7 6
1 .7 7
1 .7 9
1 .7 9
1 .7 7
1. 77
7 1 .6 6
7 2 .8 6
72. 47
72. 57
69. 61
7 1 .3 4
7 1 .6 6
70. 97
7 2 .1 6
7 2 .4 9
73. 79
7 3 .1 6
73. 29
M ic h ig a n
M a ssa ch u setts— C on .
W o r c este r
S ta te
L a n sin g
G r a n d R a p id s
F lin t
D e t r o it
1952: a v e r a g e ________ $68. 21
1953: a v e r a g e ________ 7 1 .8 1
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
$ 1 .6 8
1 .7 6
$ 8 1 .3 4
8 6 .6 5
4 1 .0
4 1 .5
$ 1 .9 8
2 .0 9
$ 8 4 .3 6
8 9 .1 8
4 0 .5
4 1 .0
$ 2 .0 8
2 .1 8
$ 8 5 .0 0
9 9 .1 9
4 1 .3
4 4 .8
$ 2 .0 6
2 .2 1
$ 7 4 .6 4
80. 54
4 1 .7
4 2 .1
$ 1 .7 9
1 .9 1
$84. 79
9 4 .8 7
4 1 .2
4 3 .5
$ 2 .0 6
2 .1 8
1953: S e p t e m b e r ____
O c t o b e r _______
N o v e m b e r ____
D e c e m b e r _____
1954: J a n u a r y _______
F e b r u a r y ______
M a r c h . . _____
A p r i l . . _________
M a y ___________
J u n e ...
-------J u l y -----------------A u g u s t ________
S e p t e m b e r ____
3 9 .5
4 0 .6
3 9 .7
4 0 .4
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 9 .6
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
1. 77
1 .8 0
1 .7 9
1 .7 8
1 .7 7
1 .7 6
1 .7 6
1 .7 7
1 .7 8
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
1 .8 0
8 5 .4 0
8 7 .9 0
86. 59
8 7 .7 5
88. 46
86. 48
8 5 .1 0
8 5 .9 7
8 6 .3 1
85. 47
8 5 .1 3
8 6 .6 5
8 9 .0 1
4 0 .3
4 1 .6
4 0 .9
4 1 .1
4 1 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .2
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .7
2 .1 2
2 .1 1
2 .1 2
2 .1 4
2 .1 4
2 .1 3
2 .1 2
2 .1 3
2 .1 3
2 .1 4
2 .1 4
2 .1 5
2 .1 9
8 8 .5 9
9 3 .2 6
9 1 .3 2
9 0 .4 4
9 1 .5 8
8 9 .0 6
88. 70
87. 87
8 9 .3 4
8 8 .4 4
88. 71
9 1 .6 8
9 4 .9 3
3 9 .8
4 1 .8
4 1 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .6
4 0 .1
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
4 0 .0
4 0 .5
2 .2 3
2 .2 3
2 .2 2
2. 23
2 .2 4
2. 23
2. 23
2 .2 0
2. 23
2 .2 6
2. 26
2. 29
2 .3 4
9 8 .7 9
92. 64
8 4 .8 0
9 7 .2 7
9 9 .3 6
9 4 .9 8
8 7 .8 7
99. 59
97. 59
89. 20
8 9 .1 3
92. 52
9 5 .1 6
4 4 .4
4 2 .4
3 8 .6
4 3 .6
4 4 .3
4 2 .9
4 0 .7
4 4 .5
4 3 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 1 .9
4 1 .7
2 .2 3
2 .1 9
2. 20
2. 23
2. 24
2. 21
2 .1 6
2. 24
2. 23
2. 20
2 .1 9
2 .2 1
2 .2 8
7 9 .9 8
8 1 .9 9
8 1 .2 0
8 5 .5 4
8 3 .0 1
8 1 .9 9
8 0 .0 8
8 1 .4 5
7 9 .9 3
8 0 .4 0
8 0 .0 6
7 8 .6 3
8 1 .0 9
4 1 .4
4 2 .2
4 1 .6
4 2 .6
4 1 .8
4 1 .6
4 0 .9
4 1 .2
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .2
4 1 .1
1 .9 3
1 .9 4
1 .9 5
2 .0 1
1 .9 9
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 8
1 .9 6
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 7
8 7 .4 5
90. 56
9 1 .6 4
9 5 .1 8
9 2 .3 0
9 8 .1 2
9 2 .8 2
9 6 .2 6
96. 70
9 4 .0 1
8 8 .1 1
8 8 .5 3
8 8 .6 4
4 0 .3
4 1 .6
4 2 .0
4 2 .7
4 1 .5
4 3 .9
4 2 .5
4 3 .3
4 3 .6
4 2 .1
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .0
2 .1 7
2 .1 8
2 .1 8
2 .2 3
2 .2 2
2 .2 4
2 .1 8
2. 22
2. 22
2 .2 3
2 .1 8
2 .1 9
2 .2 2
69. 92
73. 08
7 1 .0 6
7 1 .9 1
6 9 .9 2
7 0 .0 5
69. 87
6 9 .3 8
6 9 .4 2
7 1 .2 8
7 0 .2 0
7 1 .1 0
7 0 .2 0
M in n e s o t a
M i c h i g a n —- C o n t i n u e d
S a g in a w
M u sk egon
D u lu th
S ta te
S t. P a u l
M in n e a p o lis
1952: A v e r a g e _______ $ 8 2 .3 7
1953: A v e r a g e _______ 82. 76
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
$ 2 .0 5
2 .0 7
$78. 44
8 6 .4 0
4 1 .7
4 3 .2
$ 1 .8 8
2 .0 0
$ 6 9 .3 5
7 2 .5 6
4 1 .7
4 1 .2
$ 1 .6 6
1. 76
$ 6 8 .1 1
7 1 .1 6
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
$ 1 .7 2
1 .8 3
$ 7 0 .1 6
7 2 .8 8
4 1 .9
4 1 .2
$ 1 .6 7
1 .7 7
$70. 27
7 4 .0 2
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
$ 1 .7 4
1 .8 5
1953: S e p t e m b e r .
. 8 0 .1 2
O c t o b e r _______
7 9 .4 1
N o v e m b e r . . . 8 1 .9 7
D e c e m b e r . . _ 8 1 .0 8
1954: J a n u a r y .
8 1 .0 7
F e b r u a r y ______ 80. 77
M a r c h ____ . . .
8 1 .4 8
A p r i l ___________ 79. 66
M a y _______ __
79. 73
J u n e _____ . . .
77. 78
J u l y ____________ 80. 45
A u g u s t _______
7 9 .1 5
S e p t e m b e r ____ 8 2 .0 3
3 8 .8
3 8 .7
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
3 8 .7
3 9 .1
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 7 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .2
3 9 .4
2. 07
2. 05
2. 09
2. 08
2. 08
2. 09
2 .0 8
2. 08
2 .0 7
2 .0 7
2 .1 0
2 .0 7
2 .0 8
8 1 .7 1
79. 39
78. 79
8 1 .5 5
8 3 .1 9
7 8 .8 4
7 8 .4 9
8 4 .3 3
8 2 .0 5
84. 81
8 0 .8 7
8 2 .0 1
84. 27
4 1 .1
4 0 .4
4 0 .3
4 1 .0
41. 1
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
4 1 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .6
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
1 .9 9
1 .9 7
1 .9 6
1 .9 9
2. 02
2. 00
1 .9 8
2 .0 4
2 .0 3
2 .0 5
2 .0 3
2 .0 4
2. 09
72. 65
7 5 .0 2
7 4 .1 0
74. 73
7 3 .0 4
73. 81
7 3 .4 3
7 2 .9 2
7 3 .3 8
74. 22
73. 58
7 1 .4 8
7 4 .1 9
4 0 .9
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .7
4 1 .1
3 9 .5
4 0 .7
1 .7 8
1 .8 1
1 .8 1
1 .8 2
1 .8 0
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 3
1 .7 9
1 .8 1
1 .8 2
7 1 .9 7
7 3 .8 5
6 9 .2 8
69. 27
71. 92
74. 59
7 1 .1 4
7 1 .3 8
73. 73
7 1 .5 9
7 6 .0 7
78. 76
75. 59
3 9 .1
3 9 .6
3 8 .2
3 7 .7
3 8 .2
3 9 .1
3 8 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .1
3 9 .3
1 .8 4
1 .8 7
1 .8 1
1 .8 4
1 .8 8
1 .9 1
1 .8 3
1 .8 1
1 .8 6
1 .8 4
1. 90
1 .9 6
1 .9 2
7 4 .8 2
7 4 .6 2
7 4 .0 0
73. 42
7 3 .3 6
7 3 .1 2
7 2 .8 0
7 2 .4 8
7 2 .4 8
7 5 .0 3
74. 03
73. 71
7 5 .9 3
4 1 .4
4 1 .3
4 1 .1
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
3 9 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .1
4 0 .0
4 0 .7
1. 81
1 .8 1
1 .8 0
1 .8 1
1 .8 1
1 .8 1
1 .8 2
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1 .8 5
1 .8 4
1 .8 6
7 5 .9 5
76. 48
7 5 .3 8
7 4 .6 8
76. 72
7 6 .0 8
7 5 .4 9
75. 61
7 6 .0 8
75. 81
7 4 .6 8
7 4 .1 6
7 7 .9 7
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
3 9 .5
3 9 .1
3 9 .9
3 9 .6
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .4
3 9 .5
3 8 .6
3 8 .1
3 9 .6
1 .9 1
1. 91
1 .9 1
1 .9 1
1. 92
1 .9 2
1 .9 1
1 .9 3
1 .9 3
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
Jack son
S ta te
4 1 .7
4 0 .9
$ 1 .0 9
1 .1 4
$ 4 8 .0 3
4 9 .4 4
4 2 .5
4 1 .2
$ 1 .1 3
1. 20
$64. 21
67. 56
4 0 .5
3 9 .9
1953: S e p t e m b e r . . .
O c t o b e r .. .
N ovem ber. .
D e c e m b e r ____
1954: J a n u a r y . .
. .
F e b r u a r y ___
M a r c h _____ __
A p r il... _ _
M a y ______ . . .
J u n e _____
...
J u l y ____________
A u g u s t _____ .
S e p t e m b e r ____
3 9 .9
4 0 .8
3 9 .3
3 9 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
3 9 .4
4 1 .0
4 0 .3
4 1 .5
4 1 .3
1 .1 7
1 .1 3
1 .1 5
1 .1 6
1 .1 6
1 .1 6
1 .1 6
1 .1 5
1 .1 7
1 .1 6
1 .1 8
1 .1 7
1 .2 0
4 9 .3 7
5 0 .1 0
4 9 .9 2
50. 70
4 8 .1 9
49. 35
50. 47
50. 65
48. 26
50. 70
5 2 .4 5
5 1 .4 4
52. 78
4 0 .8
4 2 .1
4 1 .6
4 1 .9
3 9 .5
3 9 .8
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
3 8 .3
3 9 .3
4 1 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
1. 21
1 .1 9
1 .2 0
1 .2 1
1 .2 2
1 .2 4
1 .2 4
1 .2 6
1 .2 6
1 .2 9
1 .2 7
1 .2 7
1 .3 0
6 8 .1 9
6 8 .6 3
6 7 .0 8
6 7 .9 4
6 7 .8 7
6 7 .1 6
6 7 .3 5
6 6 .9 2
6 7 .5 1
6 7 .3 3
6 7 .0 0
6 7 .3 2
67. 61
3 9 .3
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 9 .1
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$ 1 .5 8
1 .6 9
1 .7 4
1 .7 2
1 .7 3
1 .7 2
1 .7 3
1 .7 2
1 .7 2
1 .7 4
1 .7 4
1 .7 3
1. 73
1 .7 1
1 .7 3
$ 6 9 .9 2
74. 53
7 5 .3 0
7 5 .8 8
75. 72
7 4 .7 1
75. 79
7 4 .3 2
7 4 .0 8
74. 53
7 5 .4 6
7 5 .4 9
74. 70
7 5 .1 9
7 4 .2 8
4 0 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .1
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .5 1
S ta te
S t. L o u is
K a n sa s C ity
S ta te
1952: A v e r a g e ..
. . $45. 45
1953: A v e r a g e _______ 4 6 .6 3
4 6 .6 8
4 6 .1 0
4 5 .2 0
4 6 .2 8
4 6 .9 8
4 7 .2 1
4 7 .3 3
4 7 .0 4
4 6 .1 0
47. 56
47. 55
48. 56
49. 56
M o n ta n a
M is s o u r i
M is s is s ip p i
$ 1 .7 1
1 .8 4
1 .8 8
1 .8 7
1 .8 8
1 .8 7
1 .8 9
1 .8 7
1 .8 7
1 .8 9
1 .9 0
1 .8 8
1 .8 9
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
$ 6 7 .2 7
71. 60
7 2 .7 4
72. 49
7 1 .1 3
7 3 .0 6
72. 66
7 1 .8 4
7 2 .0 6
7 1 .5 1
7 2 .5 4
73. 69
7 3 .1 5
7 2 .4 8
7 3 .6 2
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
3 8 .8
3 9 .8
3 9 .5
3 9 .2
3 9 .3
3 8 .7
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
$ 1 .6 7
1 .7 9
$ 7 6 .4 6
79. 76
4 1 .0
4 1 .4
$ 1 .8 6
1 .9 3
1 .8 3
1 .8 2
1 .8 3
1 .8 3
1 .8 4
1 .8 4
1 .8 3
1 .8 5
1. 86
1 .8 8
1 .8 8
1 .8 5
1 .8 8
7 9 .8 1
79. 21
8 0 .0 5
8 1 .5 4
8 0 .4 2
77. 50
7 6 .7 7
7 7 .5 4
78. 25
7 8 .0 9
7 7 .5 7
8 1 .5 2
81. 89
4 0 .7
4 1 .5
4 1 .2
4 1 .5
4 0 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
4 0 .2
3 9 .7
3 8 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .2
1 .9 6
1 .9 2
1 .9 3
1 .9 6
1 .9 9
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .9 7
1 .9 5
1 .9 7
2 .0 1
2 .0 0
2 .0 4
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1414
T able C-6. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected
States and areas 1—Continued
Nebraska
Nevada
State
State
State
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
N ew Jersey
N ew Hampshire
Manchester
Newark-Jersey City
State
Year and month
1952: Average...........
1953: Average_____
1953: September___
October ____
November___
December____
1954: January_____
February........
M arch_______
April________
M a y ________
June..................
July-------------August______
September___
$ 61.16
65.40
67. 21
67. 82
70.45
67.57
66. 31
65.84
65.84
66.21
67.43
68.00
68. 24
66.70
67. 79
41.9
41.7
42.2
42.4
43.1
41.7
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.3
42.1
42.7
42.7
41.9
41.6
$
1. 46
1. 57
1.59
1.60
1.64
1.62
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.60
1.60
1. 59
1.60
1.59
1.63
$ 80.90
86. 74
86.69
90. 23
89.38
91.36
91.37
88.60
83.56
83. 50
86.00
85.32
87. 42
85.10
90.80
41.7
41.7
40.7
41.2
41.0
42.1
42.5
41.4
39.6
39.2
40.0
37.7
40.1
39.4
40.9
$
1.94
2.08
2.13
2.19
2.18
2.17
2.15
2.14
2.11
2.13
2.15
2.16
2.18
2.16
2 . 22
$
56.17
57. 37
56. 49
55. 20
56. 63
57. 77
56.68
57. 92
57. 34
55.48
55. 58
57.31
57.34
58.18
56. 59
40.7
40.4
39.5
38.6
39.6
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.1
38.8
38.6
39.8
40.1
40.4
39.3
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
1.38
1. 42
1.43
1.43
1.43
1. 43
1.41
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.44
1.43
1. 44
1.44
$
$
54.32
54.53
52. 97
49.84
53.48
55.63
54.81
55. 24
55. 34
50.62
50.98
53.68
54.18
54. 29
51.04
38.8
38.4
37.3
35.1
37.4
38.9
38.6
38.9
38.7
35.9
35.9
37.8
38.7
38.5
36. 2
1952: Average______ $ 72.04
1953: Average........... 74. 66
1953: September___ 73. 81
October______ 75.46
November___ 74. 87
December
75.52
1954: January_____ 72. 51
February ___ 74. 77
March__
74.44
April . . . ____ 73.01
M a y ..
. . . 74. 29
J u n e ...
75. 99
July-------------- 74. 59
August___. . .
74.47
September___ 75. 91
41.5
41.0
40.2
40.9
40.6
41.0
39.3
40.7
40.5
39.7
40.2
40.9
40.1
40.3
40.9
Trenton
Perth Amboy
$
1.74
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.85
1. 86
1.86
1.85
1.86
$ 71.
31
75.30
75.70
75.35
75.13
75.95
73. 89
74.15
74.61
72. 82
75.54
75. 91
76.10
76.41
76. 25
41.1
41.1
40.7
40.6
40.5
40.7
39.2
39.4
39.9
38.9
40.2
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.3
$
1.73
1.83
1.86
1.86
1.85
1.87
1.88
1.88
1.87
1.87
1.88
1. 88
1.88
1.88
1.89
$
1. 40
1.42
1. 42
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.40
1.41
1.41
$ 71.02
74.32
73.83
73.93
74. 07
75. 07
72.79
73.78
74.01
72.38
74.08
74. 85
74.03
74. 45
74. 65
41.1
40.9
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.6
39.2
39.9
39.9
39.0
39.7
39.9
39.4
39.9
39.9
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$
1.73
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.88
1.87
1.87
75. 83
75. 09
75.09
76.69
76.42
74.52
75.06
75.21
73.94
75. 55
76.13
76.25
75.20
75.74
$ 68.69
73.78
70. 05
69.79
70.73
72.94
69.89
69. 52
71.31
69. 67
70.50
72. 38
72. 01
72.12
72.64
40.5
40.9
39.4
39.1
39.6
40.3
38.7
38.6
39.4
38.9
39.3
39.9
39.5
39.8
40.0
1.70
1. 80
1. 78
1.78
1. 79
1.81
1.81
1.80
1.81
1.79
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.81
1.82
$
$
71.88
74.16
76.36
75.21
73. 97
77.15
79. 35
75. 58
76.11
76. 36
77. 38
77.19
78.17
79. 46
81.32
43.3
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.2
41.7
40.9
40.2
40.7
40.4
41.6
41.5
41.8
41.6
41.7
$
1.66
1.80
1.84
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.94
1.88
1.87
1.89
1.86
1.86
1.87
1.91
1.95
$ 71.
83
71.10
69. 20
68.34
69. 24
72. 40
72.09
70.40
72.45
72.45
73.92
73. 22
75.90
75. 71
75. 85
$
1.75
1.84
1. 85
1.85
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.90
N ew York
State
Albuquerque
State
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.4
41.1
40.5
40.5
40.9
40.5
39.2
39.8
39.9
39.1
39.7
39.9
39.9
39.6
39.8
$ 72.33
N ew Mexico
New Jersey—Continued
Paterson
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. w kly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
43.8
41.1
$ 1.64
1.73
1.73
1.73
1. 78
1.81
1.78
1.76
1. 78
1.78
1.76
1.76
1. 79
1.82
1.85
40.0
39.5
38.9
40.0
40.5
40.0
40.7
40.7
42.0
41.6
42.4
41.6
41.0
39.8
39.7
39.0
39.6
39.5
39.4
38.5
38.8
39.0
38.1
38.6
38.7
38.7
38.8
39.0
$ 67.
77
71.12
70. 42
71. 54
71.50
71.85
70.76
71.26
71.58
69.57
70.60
71.11
71.29
71.22
71.84
$
1.70
1.79
1.80
1.81
1. 81
1. 82
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
N ew York—Continued
Albany-SchnectadyTroy
1952: Average_____
1953: Average_____
1953: September___
$ 72.
45
76. 57
77.11
76. 28
76. 34
77.26
75.50
74.86
75. 91
74. 39
74.14
75.02
74.86
75. 91
77.72
October______
November___
December____
1954: January_____
February____
March___ . . .
April________
M ay________
June_______ _
July_________
August______
September___
40.9
40.4
$ 1.77
Binghamton
$ 64.
59
67.08
65.81
66. 35
66.65
67.17
65.91
65.78
65.17
64.50
63.86
65.13
65.94
65. 56
64. 58
1.90
1.93
1.91
1.93
1.95
1.93
1.92
1.93
1.91
1. 90
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.92
40.0
39.9
39.6
39.6
39.1
39.0
39.4
38.9
39.1
39.3
39.1
39.7
40.5
39.1
39.4
38.6
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.2
38.2
37.7
37.1
36.8
37.5
38.1
37.7
36.9
$
Buffalo
1.65
1. 70
1.71
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.73
1. 72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.73
1.74
1. 75
$
77. 35
83.04
81.04
82.30
83.50
82.76
82.70
81.10
80. 02
79. 49
82.70
82. 42
82. 56
81. 49
82 . 77
41.4
41.6
40.1
40.9
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.2
39.7
39.4
40.5
40.1
39.8
39.7
39.7
Nassau and Suffolk
Counties
Elmira
$
1.87
1.99
2.02
2.01
2.02
2.02
2.03
2 . 02
2.01
2.02
2.04
2 . 06
2.08
2.05
2 . 08
$ 68.
48
72.05
71.35
74. 00
73. 39
73. 60
72.10
73.03
72.93
73. 58
73.03
73. 53
73.05
72. 76
74. 36
40.7
40.6
39.7
41. 2
40.8
40.7
39.6
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.5
40.1
40.5
$
1.68
1.78
1.80
1.80
1.80
1. 81
1.82
1. 81
1.80
1.81
1.80
1.81
1.80
1.82
1.84
$ 82.69
83. 77
84.28
85. 31
81.00
82. 49
75. 91
81.42
82. 75
80.67
82. 52
84.89
84.18
83. 20
84.32
44.9
42.5
42.2
42.6
41.2
41.4
38.1
41.0
41.2
40.1
40.7
41.5
41.2
41.0
41.5
N ew York—Continued
Rochester
1952: Average____
1953: A verage_____
1953 : September___
O ctober..........
November___
D ecem ber... .
1954 : J a n u a r y ..___
February____
March__ ____
April___
M ay_____ . . .
June__ . . .
July-------------A ugust............
September___
72.61
76.54
$
77. 51
76.33
76.70
77.16
77.10
76. 37
75.65
74. 62
75. 45
76.86
76.76
76. 55
77.05
41.2
41.6
41.9
41.2
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.1
39.9
39.3
39.6
40.0
39.9
39.8
40.2
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Syracuse
$
1. 77
1.84
1.85
1.85
1. 86
1. 87
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
$
71.16
77. 02
76. 75
77. 20
77. 91
76.53
73.80
74.19
73.49
72.74
73.20
72.88
73. 64
74. 23
75.14
41.9
42.2
41.9
41.8
42.0
41.4
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.9
40.1
40.5
70
1.83
1. 83
1.85
1.85
1.85
1. 83
1.83
1.83
1.82
1. 83
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.85
$ 65 .
54
69.21
69.74
69. 93
70.04
68. 98
68.17
68.05
68.55
67.64
68. 62
68. 72
68.37
68. 27
69. 67
40.5
40.8
40.8
40.6
40.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.4
38.9
39.5
39.4
39.2
39.4
39.4
1.84
1.97
2.00
2.00
1.96
1.99
1.99
1. 99
2 . 01
2.01
2.03
2 . 05
2.04
2.03
2.03
$ 65.49
38.1
37.9
67.49
65. 91
68.11
68.09
68.60
68.11
68.98
70.01
66.61
67. 36
67. 77
68. 36
68. 53
69.31
$
1.72
1.78
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.82
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.82
1. 81
1.82
1.84
1.83
1.84
$
1.27
1.28
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.30
1.30
1. 31
36.7
37.8
37.9
37.8
36.9
37.3
37.8
36.5
37.2
37.3
37.2
37.4
37.7
North Carolina
Utica-Rome
$ 1.
$
N ew York City
$
Westchester County
1.62
1.70
1. 71
1. 72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.74
1. 75
1. 75
1.73
1. 77
$ 66.25
70.11
69. 59
69. 87
67.68
71. 65
68.30
69.41
71.12
72.17
71. 58
71.37
70.18
71. 78
71. 70
39.8
40.0
39.3
39.7
38.9
39.8
38.1
38.5
39.2
39.1
39.0
38.9
38.5
39.5
39.6
$
1.66
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.74
1.80
1. 79
1.80
1. 82
1.85
1. 83
1.84
1.82
1.82
1.81
State
$ 47 .
52
48.34
46. 99
48. 22
47. 99
47. 86
45. 63
46.62
47.25
46. 38
46. 75
47. 25
47. 25
48.38
48. 63
39.6
39.3
38.2
39. 2
38.7
38.6
36.8
37.6
37.8
37.1
37.1
37.8
37.8
38.7
38.9
Charlotte
$
1.20
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.24
1. 24
1.24
1.24
1.25
1. 25
1.26
1. 25
1. 25
1. 25
1.25
$ 51.01
51.33
49. 79
52. 26
52.39
51.22
50.70
52.40
53.06
52.39
51.87
52. 40
50.96
51.61
52. 92
40.3
40.1
38.3
40.2
40.3
39.4
39.0
40.0
40.5
40.3
39.9
40.0
39.2
39.7
40.4
€ : EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
1415
C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected
States and areas 1—Continued
North Carolina—Con.
Ohio
North Dakota
Greensboro-High
Point
State
State
Fargo
Cleveland
Cincinnati
Year and month
Avg.
wkly. wAvg.
kly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnmgs
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
hours
1953: A vera g e_____
$64.04
65.26
45.1
44.2
1953: Sp.ptp.mhor
October
November
December
1954: January. ___
February.
M arch______
A p r il_____ .
M ay_____ ___
June__ . . _
July_________
August ___
September___
65. 74
65.41
68.03
64.08
66.04
65.34
63.16
63.25
66.42
69.92
69.95
70.30
67. 64
45.4
43.7
43.9
42.2
43.2
42.4
42.4
42.9
44.1
45.8
45.5
45.5
44.5
36.3
36.7
35.5
34.6
35.1
36.4
37.0
38.0
37.7
$46.46
46.98
45.44
44. 29
44.93
46.59
47. 36
49.02
49.01
$1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.29
1.30
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
hours
$1.42 $64.20
1.48 63.79
43.8
42.2
64.01
63.99
67. 68
62.82
65.70
62. 79
62. 20
62. 23
. 51
73.85
72.14
71.98
67.23
43.4
41.0
42.0
39.4
40.1
38.7
38.8
39.6
40.8
44.8
43.2
42.4
40.1
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
1.45
1.50
1. 55
1.52
1. 53
1.54
1.49
1.47
1.51
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.52
66
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
hours
$1.47 $75.14
1.51 79.86
41.1
41.0
79.89
79. 95
79.07
80.04
78. 60
77. 64
76. 66
76. 93
77.70
78.09
78.50
78.62
78.95
40.5
40.5
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.4
39.0
39.1
39.3
39.4
39.3
39.6
39.6
1.47
1.56
1.61
1.60
1.64
1.62
1.60
1.57
1.63
1.65
1.67
1.70
1.68
Avg.
1952: Average_____
1953: Average_____
1953: September___
O ctober... . .
N ovem ber__
December.. . .
1954: January_____
February
M arch_______
A p r il.._____
M ay________
June__ . . . . .
July _______
August . . . .
September___
42.1
41.5
41.2
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.1
41.3
41.6
41.1
41.2
41.5
41.4
41.7
41.3
$65. 68
70.14
70.45
70.89
71.06
71.48
71.10
71.45
71.55
70.69
71.69
72.21
72.45
72. 98
73. 10
Tulsa
Oklahoma City
$1.56 $63. 36
1.69 67.82
1.71 70. 24
1.70 71.48
1.70 71.77
1.71 72. 21
1.73 70.85
1.73 69.28
1.72 69.01
1.72 69. 50
1.74 69.69
1. 74 71.01
1.75 70.09
1.75 69.60
1. 77 70. 29
43.4
43.2
43.9
44.4
44.3
44.3
43.2
43.3
42. 6
42.9
42.4
43.3
43.0
42.7
42.6
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
hours
41.5
$1.78
$81.01
84.87
42.3
41.6
$1.92
2.04
41.5
41.6
41.2
41.5
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.0
40.1
39.9
39.6
40.5
40.7
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.83
1.82
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.85
84.95
85.22
83.82
85.38
83. 58
81.57
79.86
80.58
80.56
81.12
80.35
79. 94
79.79
41.0
41.5
40.9
41.5
40.6
40.0
39.2
39.5
39.4
39.5
39.1
39.1
38.9
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.06
2.06
2.04
2.04
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.05
2.04
2.05
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
hours
$1.83
1.95 $73.86
74.70
75.45
74.78
75.52
73.21
73.47
73.47
73.09
73.69
73.45
73.13
74. 76
75. 64
1.97
1.97
1.97
1. 98
1.97
1.97
1.96
1. 97
1.98
1.98
2.00
1.99
1.99
Avg.
1.86
Oregon
Oklahoma
State
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
$1.46 $72.59
1.57 75. 26
1.60 73.60
1.61 74.40
1.62 74.80
1.63 76.14
1.64 76.19
1.60 79. 49
1.62 78. 94
1.62 77.36
1.62 78. 53
1.64 78.14
1.63 77. 52
1.63 77. 90
1.65 77. 52
42.7
40.9
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.5
40.1
41.4
40.9
40.5
40.9
40.7
40.8
41.0
40.8
$1.70 $79. 56
1.84 82.04
1.84 81.17
81.50
1.87 81.46
81.06
1.90 81.99
1.92 82.16
1.93 82.31
1.91 83.77
1.92 84.89
1.92 82. 96
1.90 82.30
1.90 85. 39
1.90 79. 80
1.86
1.88
38.9
38.7
38.2
38.8
38.3
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.5
38.8
38.8
38.3
38.6
39.7
37.1
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Pennsylvania
Portland
State
Avg.
$2.05 $73.39
76.19
2.13. 75. 57
. 10 77.05
75. 95
76.00
76. 95
77.06
2.14 76. 23
2.16 78. 31
2.19 77. 80
2.17 77. 45
2.13 76.92
2.15 76. 99
2.15 75. 15
2.12
2
2.12
2.10
2.12
2.12
38.7
38.4
38.0
39.1
37.6
38.0
38.4
38.3
38.0
38.5
38.1
37.8
38.5
39.0
37.5
State
$1.90 $66. 54
1.98 71.38
1.99 72. 32
1.97 72. 33
71.72
71. 40
70. 20
70. 52
70.01
2.03
2.04 69.32
2.05 69. 62
69.60
1.97 69. 47
. 00 70.51
2.02
2.00
2.00
2.01
2.01
68.00
2.00
2
40.2
39.9
39.5
39.7
39.3
39.1
38.3
38.8
38.7
37.5
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.2
38.5
$1.66
1.79
1.83
1.82
1.83
1.82
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.83
1.82
1.83
Pennsylvania —Continued
Allentown-BethlehemEaston
1952: Average____
1953: Average_____
1953: September. . .
October__ ___
N ovem ber__
December____
1954: January_____
February____
M arch_______
April____. . .
M ay________
June_______
J u l y ________
August . . . __
September___
39.6
38.8
38.5
38.9
38.5
37.3
36.8
37.5
37.6
36.3
35.7
35.8
35.9
36.4
37.0
$63.76
67.05
68.15
. 39
68.18
64.90
64. 51
64.84
64. 94
62. 94
62.08
62. 22
63.00
63. 55
65.38
68
$1.61 $70.33
1.73 75.21
1.77 73.85
1.76 74. 79
1.77 73.72
1.74 73.65
1.75 75. 91
1.73 74. 76
1.73 75. 99
1.73 73.48
1.74 73. 50
1.74 73.28
1.76 73.50
1. 75 72. 25
1.77 75.37
41.2
41.1
40.6
40.8
40.0
40.5
40.4
40.0
40.4
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.6
38.8
40.5
Lancaster
Harrisburg
Erie
$1.71 $61. 33
1.83 63.80
1.82 62.84
1.83 62.34
1.84 63. 56
1.87 62.40
62.26
1.87 61.19
59. 97
1.87 56. 60
58.55
60.40
61.36
58.93
57.37
1.88
1.88
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
40.7
39.6
38.6
38.6
38.9
38.4
38.1
38.1
37.6
35.4
36.8
37.7
38.3
37.3
36.4
$1. 51 $59.49
1.61 62. 50
1.63 61.59
1.62 62.11
1.63 61.15
1.63 61.24
1.63 60.26
1.61 63.19
1.60 62.51
1.60 60.37
1.59 63.06
1.60 63. 90
1.60 63.07
1.58 63.55
1.58
. 08
66
41.2
41.2
40.2
40.7
40.1
40.0
38.9
40.4
40.3
39.1
40.3
40.7
40.3
40.4
41.3
Philadelphia
$1.44 $69. 97
1.52 73. 91
1.53 75.31
1.53 74. 61
1. 53 74.35
1.53 74.80
1.55 71. 28
1.57 73. 92
1.55 74.15
1.54 71. 58
1.56 73. 59
1. 57 73.97
1.57 73.94
1.57 74.88
1.60 75.33
40.8
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.3
38.3
39.7
39.8
38.4
39.0
39.2
39.0
39.6
39.5
Pennsylvania—Continued
Scranton
Reading
39.4
1952: Average_____ $62.13
39.9
1953: A verage_____ 66.15
38.1
1953: September___ 63.17
39.4
October______ 65.60
39.0
64.70
November
38.6
December____ 64. 66
37.8
1954: Jan u a ry _____ 62. 94
37.9
64.19
F ebruary..
38.6
M arch______ 64.19
36.8
61.35
A pril.. . . . .
37.8
M ay___ _____ 63. 47
38.1
June___ _____ 63.78
38.6
July _______ 63.88
37.8
August ____ 63.13
37.6
September___ 62. 23
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.58 $51.08
54. 62
54.97
1.67 55. 57
. 66 55.04
54.66
1.67 53.84
55.63
54. 73
1.67 51.73
54.40
1.67 53. 65
54.07
1.67 54.09
54.86
1.66
1.66
1
1.68
1.66
1.66
1.68
1.66
1.66
38.7
39.1
38.9
39.3
38.6
38.2
37.7
38.5
37.9
36.1
38.2
37.7
38.0
37.8
38.1
38.0
37.6
37.0
37.2
37.2
36.7
36.3
37.3
37.6
34.2
37.1
37.1
35.7
38.0
37.7
$1. 72 $75.82
1.83 81.89
84. 29
82.73
1.85 81.18
81.42
82. 26
80.03
79.00
77. 34
1.89 78. 42
1.89 79.33
79.93
1.89 79.04
1.91 83.58
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.00
40.5
40.4
40.1
40.2
39.6
39.6
39.7
39.0
38.5
37.8
38.2
38.4
38.1
37.8
39.5
$1.87
2.03
2.10
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.07
2.10
2.12
2.09
Rhode Island
Wilkes-BarreHazleton
$1.32 $49. 74
1.40 51.06
1.41 50.21
1.41 51.67
1.43 51.34
1.43 50. 79
1.43 50. 20
1.45 51.92
1.44 51.70
1.43 47.16
1.42 50. 53
1.42 49.31
1.42 48.05
1.43 50.69
1.44 50. 90
Pittsburgh
$1.31 $57.13
1.36 63.08
1.36 61.69
1.39 64.17
1.38 63.13
1.38 63.68
1.38 62. 53
1.39 63.57
1.38 63.31
1.38 60. 60
1.36 60.84
1.34 62. 27
1.35 60.81
1.33 62.42
1.35 60. 93
York
41.4
41.8
40.8
41.4
40.7
41.3
39.8
40.7
40.4
38.6
38.8
40.7
39.9
41.2
39.9
State
$1.38 $59.62
1.51 60. 50
1.51 59. 72
1.55 57.78
1.55 58. 72
1.54 60.68
1.57 59.43
1.56 59.89
1.57 60.44
1.57 59. 28
1.57 59.89
1.53 60. 60
1.52 59.87
1.52 59. 60
1.53 61.26
40.2
39.8
38.8
38.0
37.9
40.0
39.0
39.7
39.8
39.1
39.3
39.7
39.1
39.7
39.9
Providence
$1.48 $59.16
1.52 60. 45
1.54 59.80
1.52 59.04
1.55 59.04
1.52 61.26
1.52 59.89
1.51 61.31
1.52 61.00
1.52 59. 65
1.52 60.40
1.53 61.10
1.53 60. 34
1.50 60.30
1.54 62.12
40.8
40.3
39.6
39.1
39.1
40.3
39.4
40.6
40.4
39.5
40.0
40.2
39.7
40.2
40.6
$1.45
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.52
.52
1.50
1.53
1
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1416
T able C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected
States and areas —Continued
South Carolina
State
Year and month
South Dakota
Charleston
Tennessee
Sioux Falls
State
State
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
1952: average______________ $47.88
49.60
1953: average____________
39.9
40.0
$1.20
1.24
$48.03
50. 27
40.7
39.9
$1.18
. 26
$62. 76
63. 95
44.2
43.5
$1.42
1.47
$69.01
71.10
45.4
45.0
$1.52
1.58
$54. 67
56.84
40.8
40.6
$1.34
1.40
49.39
49. 60
49. 35
49. 62
48. 88
49.12
49. 50
48. 26
48.13
48. 89
49. 01
49. 39
50.15
39.2
40.0
39.8
39.7
39.1
39.3
39.6
38.3
38.2
38.8
38.9
39.2
39.8
1.26
1.24
1.24
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.26
1.26
. 26
53. 04
53. 73
50. 44
50. 94
50. 96
49.66
50.31
49. 27
52. 67
51.08
53.20
53.20
54.14
39.0
39.8
38.8
39.8
39.5
38.2
39.0
37.9
39.6
38.7
39.7
39.7
40.1
1.36
1. 35
1.30
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.32
1.32
1.34
1.34
1.35
64.04
65.11
67. 69
68.96
. 78
63. 72
60. 78
60. 92
63.95
64. 37
67.74
44.0
44.0
46.5
44.9
44.4
41.6
40.0
40.7
42.3
42.5
44.9
43.5
42.8
1.46
1.48
1.46
1. 54
1. 55
1.53
1.52
1.50
1. 51
1.51
1.51
1.52
1. 57
71.35
71.25
78. 83
77.31
77. 25
68.03
65. 47
65. 26
70. 77
69. 81
71.37
71.95
77. 41
45.7
45.6
50.2
47.5
47.4
41.7
40.2
40.3
43.8
43.3
44.2
44.1
47.6
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.63
1.63
1.67
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.61
1.63
1.63
58.18
57. 92
57. 74
57.06
56. 98
57.02
55.15
54. 86
57. 31
57. 60
56. 59
57. 20
58.44
40.4
40.5
40.1
39.9
39.3
39.6
39.7
38.1
39.8
40.0
39.3
40.0
40.2
1.44
1.43
1.44
1.43
1.45
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.43
1.45
1953: September__________
October_____________
Novem ber_____ ____
D e c e m b e r ..---- -----1954: January_____________
February__ . . . ----M arch____________ .
A p ril...
. . . . .
M a y ________________
June_______________
J u ly ________________
A ugust... -------------Septem ber..
_____
1
1
68
66.11
67. 26
Tennessee--Continued
Knoxville
Chattanooga
1952: Average_____________
1953: Average_____________
$55.76
57.49
41.0
40.2
$1.36
1.43
$61.20
65.53
40.8
40.7
1953: September______ ____
October______ ______
November___________
December___________
1954: January_____________
February___ . . . . . .
M arch____ . . . ____
April_______________
M a y _______ ______ _
June....................... .........
July------------------- ----A ugust_____________
Septem ber....................
58.16
57. 23
58.95
58.06
57. 57
56.74
56.16
55.86
57.04
56.84
55.44
56.98
58.46
39.3
39.2
40.1
39.5
38.9
38.6
38.2
38.0
38.8
39.2
38.5
39.3
39.5
1.48
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.45
1.41
1.45
1.48
67.06
67. 64
67. 20
65.50
65.24
40.4
40. 5
40.0
39.7
39.3
39.3
39.0
38.0
38.6
39.1
38.6
39.2
38.8
66.02
65. 52
64.98
65. 23
66.86
65. 62
66.64
67. 51
Texas
M emphis
$1.50
1.61
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.65
1.66
1.68
1.68
1.71
1.69
1.71
1.70
1.70
1.74
Nashville
State
$62. 63
64.57
42.9
42.2
$1.46
1.53
$55.07
58.18
40.2
40.4
$1.37
1.44
$66. 57
70.22
42.4
41.8
$1.57
66.03
67. 27
64.83
62.99
62.99
63.86
65.10
65.10
64.94
.57
61.41
61.26
65.68
42.6
43.4
42.1
40.9
40.9
41.2
42.0
42.0
41.9
42.4
40.4
40.3
42.1
1.55
1.55
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.57
1.52
1.52
1.56
57. 57
57. 71
59.85
60. 01
57.62
57.48
57.96
59.79
59. 45
60.09
59.00
59.09
59.70
38.9
39.8
39.9
41.1
39.2
39.1
39.7
40.4
39.9
40.6
39.6
42.0
39.8
1.48
1.45
1.50
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.49
1.47
1.50
70.96
71.40
71.40
71.82
70.86
71.21
71.10
70.76
71.69
72.04
72.69
72.21
72.51
41.5
42.0
42.0
42.0
41.2
41.4
41.1
40.9
41.2
41.4
41.3
41.5
41.2
1.71
1.70
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.76
1.74
1.76
66
Utah
State
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1.68
Vermont
Salt Lake City
State
Burlington
Springfield
1952: Average_____________
1953: Average_____________
$66.73
72. 50
40.2
40.5
$1.66
1.79
$70.64
74.05
41.8
41.6
$1.69
1.78
$59.35
62.49
42.7
42.8
$1.39
1.46
$56. 49
58.86
39.5
39.5
$1.43
1.49
$78.12
3 80.81
46.5
«45.4
31.78
1953: Septem ber..................
October________ ____
N ovem ber____ ______
December___________
1954: January___________ .
February............... .......
M arch______________
April_______________
M a y _______________
June________________
July.................................
August............................
Septem ber..................
70.11
68.40
74.30
75.33
76.33
73.84
71.94
72. 54
73.28
74. 21
73. 53
72.68
69.95
41.0
38.0
40.6
40.5
40.6
39.7
39.1
39.0
39.4
39.9
40.4
39.5
40.2
1.71
1.80
1.83
75.89
73.62
76.62
78. 57
75.99
75.85
71.71
71.19
74. 34
75.44
74.80
74.80
73.38
41.7
40.9
42.1
42.7
41.3
41.0
39.4
38.9
40.4
41.0
41.1
41.1
40.1
1.82
1.80
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.82
1.82
1.83
63.11
62.30
61.06
62.95
61.35
61.83
62.58
60.35
59.53
59.14
58. 59
58.93
59.23
43.2
42.4
41.5
42.3
41.2
41.3
41.7
40.8
40.5
40.1
40.2
40.6
40.5
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.48
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.45
1.46
59.40
59.34
57. 70
61.55
60.94
60.47
59.41
58.18
59.05
58.00
57.18
57.96
58.82
40.0
39.3
38.2
40.6
40.2
40.0
39.1
39.1
39.5
39.4
38.5
39.7
39.1
1.48
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.52
1.49
1.50
1.47
1.48
1.46
1.50
81.80
81.36
79.38
80.99
78.04
79.36
78. 75
73.26
69.85
68.71
. 97
66.60
68.47
45.7
45.2
44.1
44.5
43.1
43.7
43.3
41.3
40.1
39.0
38.3
38.9
39.8
1.79
1.80
1.80
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.78
1.74
1.76
1.75
1.71
1.72
1.86
1.88
1.86
1.84
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.82
1.84
1.74
Virginia
State
66
$1.68
Washington
N orfolk-Portsmouth
Kichmond
State
Seattle
1952: Average........................ . $53. 47
1953: Average.......................... 55.58
40.2
39.7
$1.33
1.40
$56. 44
59.28
41.5
40.6
$1.36
1.46
$56.68
59.39
40.2
40.4
$1.41
1.47
$76.16
78.99
38.7
38.8
$1.97
2.04
$74.36
76.45
38.5
38.4
$1.93
1.99
1953: September......................
October_____________
November...................
December_______
1954: January________ ____
February___ ______
M arch______________
A p ril............... ............
M ay..................... ..........
June................................
July________________
August______________
September__________
39.3
39.6
39.4
40.3
38.9
39.7
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.9
39.7
40.1
40.3
1.41
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.42
1.42
61.86
62.47
61.51
61.09
60. 52
62.52
60.60
61.65
61.20
61.61
60.30
60.95
61.10
40.7
41.1
40.2
41.0
39.3
40.6
40.4
41.1
40.0
40.8
40.2
40.1
40.2
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.49
1.54
1.54
1.50
1.50
1.53
1.51
1.50
1.52
1.52
60.24
60. 20
61.00
61.24
57. 57
58. 71
58.86
58. 50
59.34
60. 55
62.42
61.31
61.31
40.7
40.4
40.4
41.1
38.9
39.4
39.5
39.0
39.3
40.1
40.8
40.6
40.6
1.48
1.49
1.51
1.49
1.48
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.53
1.51
1.51
77. 74
78.12
77. 75
79. 61
81.22
80.60
80. 21
81.36
80.98
82.22
79.74
81.47
79.10
38.1
38.8
37.9
38.7
39.2
38.9
38.6
38.9
39.0
39.2
39.0
39.3
38.2
2.04
76.11
78.10
77.00
77.43
79. 51
79. 48
78. 54
77.51
77.84
78.31
76.46
77.05
78.58
37.9
39.0
38.2
38.5
39.2
39.1
38.7
38.1
38.3
38.4
37.9
38.2
38.6
2.01
2 .0 0
2.01
2.01
55.41
55.44
55.55
57.23
55.63
56.77
56.48
56.20
55.81
56.66
56.77
56.94
57. 23
! [ See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2.01
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.08
2.10
2.04
2.07
2.07
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.02
2.02
2.04
1417
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
Table C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for
selected States and areas 1—Continued
Kenosha
State
Charleston
State
Tacoma
Spokane
Wisconsin
West Virginia
Washington —Continued
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1952: Average_____ $74. 21
1953: Average_____ 77.87
40.2
39.4
81.79
76. 95
77.24
77.85
1954- J a n u a r y
78.48
77.02
February___
M arch ____ 77.70
81. 91
April . . . .
M a y . ___ _ 83.17
82.06
June____
July_________ 81.18
81.74
August__ . .
September___ 82.98
37.9
39.1
39.4
39.6
39.9
39.4
38.9
40.9
41.1
40.5
39.3
39.6
39.9
1953: Septem ber..
O ctober___
November___
D ecem ber.. .
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
$1.85 $75.10
1.97 76.67
2.16
1.97
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.96
2.00
2.00
2.02
2.02
2.06
2.07
2.08
73.66
75.99
75.58
78.64
79.34
78.07
78.17
80.15
80.17
81.63
82.16
80.96
78.62
38.9
38.5
37.9
39.2
37.3
39.0
38.6
38.6
38.7
39.2
39.0
39.5
39.3
40.6
39.7
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.93 $65.82
1.99 70.84
1.94
1.94
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.06
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.09
1.99
1.98
71.19
71.60
72.25
72.65
69. 72
69. 30
68.94
69.69
70.64
70.66
70.31
70.05
71.04
39.7
39.8
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.66 $78.35
1.78 85. 67
40.2
40.6
88.00
40.0
40.0
40.3
39.8
39.1
39.2
39.7
39.5
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.6
39.6
1.83
1.79
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.83
1.84
1.89
1.81
1.85
38.9
40.0
39.7
39.7
38.1
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.6
38.4
37.2
38.7
38.4
85.60
86.65
87.56
85.24
85.46
85.75
88.09
91.54
. 58
89.20
. 72
89.10
88
86
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1.95 $71.77
74.73
42.2
41.9
72.98
73.91
74. 97
75.48
74.74
74. 22
74.80
74.10
75.28
75. 31
72.95
73.81
73.36
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.3
40.7
40.6
40.8
40.2
40.7
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.5
2.11
2. 20
2.14
2.15
2.20
2.18
2.18
2.16
2.23
2. 30
. 22
2.23
2.19
2. 25
2
Madison
$68.47
73.10
39.5
39.6
76.05
1953: Septem ber..
76.11
October
November . 73. 56
D ecember.. . . 75.91
71.00
1954: January.. .
74.63
February___
March
75.49
April— ____ 72.89
75.02
M ay______. .
76.79
June
74.
68
July_________
August — ___ 73. 42
September___ 76.66
40.6
40.4
39.5
40.1
38.0
39.6
40.2
38.7
39.8
40.8
40.3
40.1
40.1
1953: Average_____
$1.73 $73. 56
1.84 75.91
41.0
40.2
74.72
75.57
. 22
80.32
82.66
77.24
77.06
76.45
77.35
78.40
76. 80
77. 32
76.05
39.7
39.3
43.1
40.7
41.3
39.7
39.4
39.3
40.0
40.3
39.9
40.1
39.3
1.87
1.88
1.86 86
1.89
1.87
1.88
1.88
1.88
1.89
1.88
1.85
1.83
1. 91
Milwaukee
Racine
41.7
41.4
41.2
41.0
$1.80 $77.79
1.89 81.33
1.88
1.92
2.00
1.97
2.00
1.95
1.95
1.94
1.94
1. 94
1.93
1.93
1.93
81.97
80.49
81.54
81.88
81.14
80.46
80.49
79.55
81.09
81.48
81.56
81.65
81.59
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
more detailed industry data. See table A-7 for addresses of cooperating
State agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.2
40.6
40.9
40.9
40.2
40.1
40.1
39.4
39.9
40.2
40.0
40.0
40.0
Avg
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.70 $75. 34
1.78 76. 92
40.1
39.3
$1.88
1.96
78.06
69.64
76.13
76.13
77. 92
70. 29
77. 72
76. 23
75.82
77.50
76. 92
79. 26
80.05
40.1
35.5
38.6
38.3
39.3
35.8
39.4
38.7
38.3
39.1
38.7
39.7
39.9
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.99
1.98
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.98
1.98
1.99
1.76
1.80
1.81
1.83
1.84
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.79
1.81
1.81
2.00
2.01
Wyoming
Wisconsin—-Continued
La Crosse
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1.86 $77.85
1.96 78. 59
1.99
1.98
1.99
. 00
2
2.02
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.04
2. 04
2. 04
76.53
76.80
77.50
78.65
78. 27
77.66
77.88
77.35
76.83
79.49
77.40
79.43
79.15
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.1
39.8
39.7
39.4
39.2
39.9
39.4
40.4
40.1
Casper
State
$1.89 $76.36
1.92 80.20
40.4
40.3
78. 58
79.56
82.59
82. 61
83.81
83. 20
81.92
82.11
85.44
84.80
83. 56
83.62
82. 71
38.9
40.8
41.5
41.1
40.1
40.0
39.2
39.1
40.3
40.0
39.6
40.2
39.2
1.89
1.90
1.93
1.94
1.95
1. 95
1.96
1.97
1.96
1.99
1.96
1.96
1.97
$1.89
1.99 $92.86
2.02
1.95
1.99
2.01
2.09
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.12
2.12
2.11
2.08
2.11
91.34
89.77
96.29
92.80
96.88
94. 25
95. 53
92.63
93.09
97. 52
97.29
96.29
97.23
40.2
$2.31
39.2
38.2
40.8
40.0
41. 4
40.8
41.0
40.1
40.3
41.5
41.4
40.8
41.2
2.33
2. 35
2.36
2.32
2.34
2.31
2.33
2.31
2.31
2. 35
2.35
2. 36
2.36
2 Revised series: not comparable with data previously published.
3 N ot comparable with preceding data shown,
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1418
D : Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able
D -l: Consumer Price Index 1—United States average, all items and commodity groups
[1947-49=100]
Housing *
Year and month
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
All
items
Average________
A verage...........
Average -........... .
Average________
Average________
Average________
Average.................
1951: January................
February_______
March_________
April ________
M ay___________
June___________
July____ ____ _
August ______
September______
October— ______
November______
December___ —
95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113.5
114.4
108.6
109.9
110.3
110.4
110.9
110.8
110.9
110.9
111.6
112.1
112.8
113.1
Total
food 1
Total
apparel
95.9
104.1
97.1
103.5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
95.0
101.7
103.3
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
94.4
100.7
105. 0
108.8
113.1
117.9
124.1
100.0
103.8
105.6
106.2
106.4
106.6
106.6
106.3
106.4
109.3
109.2
108.5
108.1
110.4
110.6
111.3
111.9
103.1
103.1
103.1
112.9
113.2
113.7
113.9
112.5
112.7
113.1
113.6
114.2
114.8
115.4
115.6
103. 2
103.0
103.1
103. 2
103.2
103.3
103.3
103.4
107.0
106.8
106.4
106.0
105.8
105.6
105.3
105.1
105.8
105.6
105.2
105.1
113.9
114.0
114.0
114.0
114.0
114.0
114.4
114.6
114.8
115.2
115.7
116.4
116.0
116.4
116.7
116.9
117.4
117.6
117.9
118.2
118.3
118.8
119.5
120.7
103.5
103.8
103.8
103.9
104.1
104.3
104.2
105. 0
105.0
105 0
105.4
105.6
117.7
117.6
117.7
117.3
115.6
115.8
118.6
119.0
119.6
.1
104.6
104.6
104.7
104.6
104.7
104.6
104.4
104.3
105.3
105.5
105.5
105.3
116.4
116.6
116.8
117.0
117.1
117.4
117.8
118.0
118.4
118.7
118.9
118.9
121.1
123.3
123. 3
124.4
123.6
123.0
123.3
123.8
125. 1
126.0
126.8
127.3
127.6
105.9
106.1
106.5
106.5
106.6
106.4
106.4
106.9
106.9
107.0
107.3
107.2
104.9
104.7
104.3
104.1
104.2
104.2
104.0
103.7
104.3
104.6
118.8
118.9
119.0
118.5
118.9
118.9
119.0
119.2
119.5
119.5
127.8
127.9
128.0
128.2
128.3
128.3
128.5
128.6
128.8
129.0
107.1
107.5
107.6
107.6
107.7
107.6
107.8
107.8
107.9
108.5
125.7
126.2
125.8
123.9
120.9
120.9
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
109.9
111.9
112.0
111.7
112.6
112.3
112.7
112.4
112.5
113.5
114.6
115.0
115.0
1952: J anu ary_______
February_______
March . . . _____
April ________
M a y ___________
June........ ...........
July________. . .
August ...............
September_____
October_____ . .
November______
December______
113.1
112.4
112.4
112.9
113.0
113.4
114.1
114.3
114.1
114.2
114.3
114.1
1953: Janu ary...............
February____ _
March_________
April. ________
M ay.......................
June___________
July___________
A ugust_________
September______
October________
N ovem ber.. . . . .
December______
113.9
113.4
113.6
113.7
114.0
114.5
114.7
115.0
115.2
115.4
115.0
114.9
113.1
111.5
111.7
111.5
1954: January_____ . .
February_______
March_________
April ...................
M ay.......................
June___________
July___________
A ugust.................
September_____
October_______
115.2
115.0
114.8
114.6
115.0
115.1
115. 2
115.0
114.7
114.5
113.1
112.6
112.7
113.9
114.3
114.6
116.3
116.6
115.4
115.0
115.0
113.8
112.1
113.7
113.8
114.1
113.8
113.6
112.0
112.3
112.6
112.1
112.4
113.3
113.8
114.6
113.9
112.4
111.8
T o ta l»
111.2
111.7
111.9
112.2
112. 3
112.6
112.6
Rent
112.2
121.5
121.7
122.1
Solid
House
House
Gas and
electric fuels and furnish hold op
eration
ings
fuel oil
ity
97.6
102.5
102.7
103.1
104.5
106.6
102.8
iA major revision was incorporated in the Consumer Price Index beginning
January 1953. The revised index, based on 46 cities, has been linked to the
previously published “Interim adjusted” indexes for 34 cities and rebased on
1947-49=100 to form a continuous series. For the convenience of users, the
“All-items” indexes are also shown on the 1935-39=100 base in table D-4.
The revised Consumer Price Index measures the average change in prices
of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker
families. Data for 46 large, medium, and small cities are combined for the
United Statas average.
For a history and description of the Index, see: The Consumer Price Index—
A Layman’s Guide, Bulletin 1140; The Consumer Price Index, in the Feb
ruary 1953 M onthly Labor Review; The Interim Adjustment of Consumers’
Price Index, in the April 1951 Monthly Labor Review; Interim Adjustment
of Consumers’ Price Index, Bulletin 1039, and the following reports: Con
sumers’ Price Index, Report of a Special Subcommittee of the House Com
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
88.8
104.4
106.8
110.5
116.4
118.7
123.9
115.1
116.4
116.7
116.7
115.2
115.4
115.9
116.2
116.6
117.1
117.4
117.6
121
121.6
123.2
121.8
121.8
123.7
123.9
124.6
125. 7
125.9
125.3
121.1
121.9
122.4
123.8
97.2
103.2
99.6
100.3
111.2
108.5
107.9
109.3
110.5
111.1
111.6
112.1
112.0
112.0
111. 1
111.3
110.9
111.1
110.8
110.2
110.0
Other
Trans M edical Personal Reading
and
goods
porta
care
and
care
recrea
tion
tion
services4
102.6
100.1
101.2
109.0
111.8
90.6
100.9
108.5
111.3
118.4
126.2
129.7
94.9
100.9
104. 1
106.0
107.2
108.1
108.4
108.3
108.7
108.7
109.1
109.0
108.8
109.6
110.4
.1
114.7
115.8
116.9
117.2
117.6
117.5
117.8
118.7
119.7
120.5
108.5
108.9
109.9
110.3
110.7
97.2
115.3
111
110.9
110.8
111.0
111.0
111.2
111.2
111.8
111.9
112.1
112.8
122.1
122.2
122.8
111.1
117.2
121.3
111.0
111.0
111.2
111.8
112.6
113.1
114.3
114.7
114.8
115.7
115.9
116.1
117.8
118.0
118.1
118.8
118.9
118.9
119.3
97.6
101.3
95.5
100.4
104.1
103.4
106.5
107.0
108.0
96.1
100.5
103.4
105.2
109.7
115.4
118.2
109.8
105.6
106.4
107.0
107.3
107.3
106.5
106.6
106.4
105.8
105.9
106.3
106.5
108.4
108.7
108.9
109.0
109.2
109.1
109.1
109.1
109.6
109.6
112.4
107.2
106.6
106.3
106.2
106.2
106. 8
107.0
107.0
107.3
107.6
107.4
108.0
113.2
114.4
114.8
115.2
115.8
115.7
116.0
115.9
115.9
115.8
115.8
115.9
107.8
107.5
107.7
107.9
108.0
107.8
107.4
107.6
107.8
108.6
108.9
108.9
115.9
115.8
117.5
117.9
118.0
118.2
118.3
118.4
118.fi
119.7
108.7
108.0
108.2
106.5
106.4
106.4
107.0
106.6
106.5
106.9
120.3
101.1
101.1
110.5
111.8
112.8
110.6
110.7
110.7
110.8
110.8
110.6
110.4
110.0
110.0
110.6
111.1
111.0
111.1
111.0
111.3
111.6
113.3
113.4
123.7
124.4
124.8
125.1
126.3
126.8
127.0
127.7
128.4
128.9
128.9
107.7
108.0
108.0
107.8
107.6
108.0
108.1
107. 4
108.1
108. 1
108.3
108.1
113.4
113. 5
114.0
114.3
114.7
115.4
115.7
115.8
116.0
116.6
116.9
117.0
129.3
129.1
129.3
129.4
129.4
129.4
129.7
130.6
130.7
130.7
130.1
128.9
119.4
119.3
119.5
123.3
123.6
112.7
112.9
113.2
113.4
113.6
107.2
107.2
107.2
106.1
105.9
105.8
105.7
105.4
106.0
105.6
117.2
117.3
117.5
116.9
117.2
117.2
117.2
117.3
117.4
117.6
130.5
129.4
129.0
129.1
129.1
128.9
126.7
126. 6
126.4
125.0
123.7
124.1
124.4
124.9
125. 1
125.1
125.2
125. 5
125. 7
125.9
113.7
113.9
114.1
112.9
113.0
112.7
113.3
113.4
113.5
113.4
109.4
108.7
108.3
107.7
107.6
107.6
108.1
107.9
108.0
108.2
120.2
120.7
121.1
121.5
121.8
122.6
122.8
111.7
111.9
112.1
112.1
112.3
112.4
112.5
112.4
112.5
112.4
112.5
112.8
112.6
112.6
112.8
120.2
120.3
120.2
120.1
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.3
120.2
120.1
120.1
mittee on Education and Labor (1951); and Report of the President’s Com
mittee on the Cost of Living (1945).
Mimeographed tables are available upon request showing Indexes for the
United States and 20 individual cities regularly surveyed by the Bureau for
“ All items” and 8 major components from 1947 to date. Indexes are also
available from 1913 for “ All items,” food, apparel, and rent, for all large cities
combined, and from varying dates for individual cities.
> Includes “ Food away from home” (restaurant meals and other food
bought and eaten away from home); prior to January 1953, prices for this
category were estimated to move like prices for “ Food at home” but, since
that date, have been measured by prices of restaurant meals.
> Includes “ Other shelter.”
* Includes tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and “miscellaneous services” (such
as legal services, banking fees, and burial services)
D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T
able
1419
Consumer Price Index 1—United States average, food and its subgroups
D -2 :
[1947-49=100]
Food at home
Total
Year and month food
1
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1952:
A vg______
A vg______
A vg. .
A vg______
A vg............
A vg...........
A vg............
Jan______
F eb______
Mar_____
Apr
M ay__ _
J u n e __
July_____
Aug______
Sept_____
O ct............ .
N o v _____
D ec______
1953: Jan______
F eb............
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
115.0
112.6
112.7
113.9
114.3
114. 6
116.3
116.6
115. 4
115.0
115.0
113.8
113.1
111.5
Total
food
at
home
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112. 5
115.0
112.6
112.7
113. 9
114.3
114. 6
116.3
116.6
115.4
115.0
115.0
113.8
112.9
111.1
Cereals Meats,
and
poul
bakery
try,
prod
and
fish
ucts
94.0
103.4
102.7
104. 5
114.0
116.8
119.1
115.3
115.5
115.7
115.6
117.2
116.9
117.6
117.5
117.4
117. 5
117.5
117.7
117.7
117.6
93. 5
106.1
100. 5
104.9
117.2
116.2
109.9
117.1
116.7
115.2
114.8
114. 5
116. 5
116.4
119.4
119.2
116.9
114.3
113.0
110.9
107.7
Food at home
Dairy
prod
ucts
Fruits
and
vege
tables
96. 7
106.3
96.9
95.9
107.0
111.5
109.6
97.6
100. 5
101.9
97.6
106.7
117.2
113. 5
118.2
109. 5
113. 7
112.0
112.7
112.0
110.4
109.3
108.9
110.2
111.0
112. 5
113.2
113.3
112.7
111.6
110.7
121.1
124.3
122.4
124.0
118.7
111. 5
111.3
115.9
115.8
116.7
115.9
Year and month
Other
foods *
100.1
102. 5
97. 5
101.2
114.6
109.3
112.2
109.1
105.8
104.4
105.0
104.4
105.2
111.5
113.1
113.7
115.1
114.3
110.6
109.7
107.3
i See footnote 1 to table D - l . Indexes for 18 food subgroups (1935-39=
100) from 1923 to D ecem ber 1952 w ere published In the M arch 1953 M on th ly
Labor R ev iew and in previous issues.
T able D -3 :
1953: Mar_____
Apr______
M ay. . . .
June....... .
July_____
Aug______
Sept_____
Oct........... .
N ov_____
D ec______
1954: Jan______
F eb..........
Mar_____
Apr______
M ay__ . .
June_____
July_____
A u g ...........
Sept_____
O ct_______
Total
food»
Total
food
at
home
111.7
111. 5
111.3
113.7
113.8
114.1
113.8
113.6
111.7
113.7
113.8
114.1
113. 5
113.3
111.4
111.7
112.1
111.1
Cereals Meats,
and
poul
bakery
try,
and
prod
fish
ucts
117.7
118.0
118.4
118.9
119.1
119.5
120.3
120.4
107.4
106.8
109.2
111.3
112.0
114.1
113. 5
Dairy
prod
ucts
Fruits
and
vege
tables
110.3
109.0
107.8
107. 5
108.3
109.1
109.6
115. 5
115.0
115.2
121.7
118.2
112.7
106.6
107.7
107.4
109.2
.8
108.0
107. 8
111.1 110.1
120.6 107.0 110. 5
120.9
107.8
110.3
112.6 121.2 110.2 109. 7 110
112 112.0 121.3 109.7 109.0
112.1 111.4 121.2 109. 5 108.0
112.4
111.8 121.1 110. 5 104.6 110.0
113.3
112.8 121.3 111.0 103.5 114. 6
111.1
113.3
121.3
102.9
113.8
117.1
114.2
114.6
121.6 109.7 104.3 120.1
113.9
113.3
122.3
107.6
105.1
114.7
112. 4
111.6 122.6 106.7 105.8 110. 5
111.8 110.9 122.7 103.9 106.7 111.1
112.0
112.3
113.1
.6
Other
foods1
109.1
110.4
110.3
110.9
112.3
114.4
116.7
117.4
114.8
113.5
113. 5
114.0
112.3
113.6
114. 5
115.2
117.3
119.6
116.0
115.7
* See footnote 2 to table D - l .
* Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sw eets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other m iscellaneous foods.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States average, appare] and its subgroups
[1947-49=100]
Year and month
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1952:
Avg __________
A v g ..
Avg___________
Avg___________
Avg _________
Avg __________
A v g ..................
Jan____________
Feb____________
M ar___________
A p r ___________
M ay..
June___________
July..
Aug___________
Sept___________
Oct . . .
Nov___ ..
Dec___ _______
1953: Jan........................
Feb— ..................
Total
apparel
97. l
103.5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
107.0
106.8
106.4
106.0
105. 8
105.6
105.3
105.1
105.8
105.6
105.2
105.1
104.6
104.6
Men’s
and
boys’
97.3
102.7
100.0
99. 5
107.7
108.2
107.4
109.6
109.1
108.7
108.5
108.3
108.3
108.1
108.0
107.8
107.7
107. 5
107.4
107.1
107.3
Women’s
and
girls’
98.0
103.8
98.1
94.8
102.2
100.9
99. 7
101.6
101.8
101.4
100.8
100. 6
100.5
100.1
99.9
101.6
101.6
100. 6
100. 4
99.7
99.3
Foot
wear
94. 5
103.2
102.4
104.0
117.7
115.3
115.2
117.1
116.7
116.4
116.1
115.9
115.4
114.9
114. 5
114.2
113.9
114.1
114. 4
114.3
114.6
Other *
apparel
<*)
108. 6
93.2
92.0
101.6
92.1
92.1
94.0
93.6
92.8
92.0
91. 5
91.3
91.1
91.2
91. 5
91. 7
92.3
92. 5
92.0
92 3
1 See footnote 1 to table D - l .
2 Includes diapers, yard goods, and an unpriced group of item s represented
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Year and month
1953: Mar_________ _
Apr____________
May___________
June___________
July___________
Aug _____ _____
Sept___________
Oct____________
Nov___________
Dec____________
1954: Jan____________
Feb____________
M ar___________
Apr__ _________
May___________
Ju n e____ _____
July___________
A u g __________ _
S e p t. ___________
Oct____________
Total
apparel
104.7
104.6
104.7
104.6
104.4
104.3
105.3
105.5
105.5
105.3
104.9
104. 7
104.3
104.1
104.2
104. 2
104.0
103.7
104.3
104.6
Men’s
and
boys’
107.3
107.3
107.4
107.2
107.4
107.3
107.5
107.6
107.8
107.6
107.4
107.4
107.2
107.1
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.4
106.4
106.4
Women’s
and
girls’
99.6
99.4
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.7
100. 5
100.8
100.7
100. 5
99.8
99.5
99.0
98.4
98. 5
98.5
98.2
97.7
99.0
99.6
Foot
wear
114. 5
114.8
115.1
115.3
115.0
115.0
115.3
115.8
116.2
116.1
116.2
116.1
116.1
116.1
115.9
116.3
116. 5
116.9
116. 5
116.7
Other»
apparel
92.4
92.1
92.5
92.3
92.2
92.0
92.5
92.3
91.3
90.9
90.4
90.4
90.0
90.4
90.9
91.0
90.8
90.7
90.9
91.1
In th e index b y the w eigh ted average of prices for all priced item s in th e total
apparel group.
2 N o t available.
1420
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T able D-4: Consumer Price Index 1—United States average, all items and food
1947-49=100
1935-39=100
Year
A ll
item s
T otal
food J
42.3
42.9
43.4
46.6
54.8
64.3
74.0
85. 7
76.4
71.6
72.9
73.1
75.0
75. 6
74.2
73.3
73.3
71.4
65. 0
58.4
39.6
40.5
40.0
45.0
57.9
66.5
74.2
83.6
63.5
59.4
61.4
60.8
65.8
68.0
65.5
64.8
65.6
62.4
51.4
42.8
41.6
1913: A verage______
1914: A verage______
1915: A verage______
1916: A verage______
1917: A v era g e...........
1918: A verage___
1919: A v e r a g e ..___
1920: A verage______
1921: A verage______
1922: A v e r a g e ..___
1923: A verage______
1924: A verage______
1925: A verage______
1926: A verage______
1927: A verage______
1928: A verage_____
1929: A verage______
1930: A verage______
1931- A verage______
1932: A v e r a g e ..___
1933: A verage______
1934: Average
1935: A v era g e... . . .
1936: A verage______
1937: A verage______
1938: A verage______
1939: A verage______
1940: A v e r a g e ..___
1941: Average
1942: A verage___
1943: A verage______
1944: Average
1945: A verage______
55. 3
57.2
58.7
59.3
61.4
60.3
59.4
59.9
62. 9
69.7
74.0
75.2
76.9
A ll item s
46.4
49.7
50.1
52. 1
48.4
47. 1
47.8
70.7
71.8
72.5
77.9
91.6
107. 5
123.8
143.3
127.7
119.7
121.9
122.2
125.4
126.4
124.0
122.6
122.5
119.4
108.7
97.6
92.4
95.7
98.1
99.1
102.7
100.8
99.4
100.2
52.2
105.2
81.3
68.3
67.4
68.9
116.6
123.7
125. 7
1See footnote 1 to table D -l.
1947-49=100
Year and month
128.6
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1950:
Average_____
Average_____
Average_____
Average_____
Average_____
Average..........
A verag e..___
Average_____
January_____
February____
March______
A p ril_______
M ay____ ___
June________
July________
August______
September__
October____
November__
December
1951: January_____
February____
March______
April__ ___
M ay________
J u n e ........... .
July------------August______
All
items
Total
food 1
83.4
95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113.5
114.4
100. 6
100.4
100.7
100.8
101.3
101.8
102.9
103. 7
104 4
105.0
105. 5
106.9
108.6
109. 9
79.0
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
97 0
96.5
97 3
97.7
98.9
100 5
103.1
103 9
104.0
104.3
104. 4
107.1
109.9
111. 9
110.3
110.4
110.9
110.8
110 9
110.9
111.6
112. 1
112.8
September___
October_____
November___
December__
1952: January_____
1935-39=100
113.1
113.1
112.0
111.7
112.6
112.3
112.7
112.4
112.5
113.5
114.6
115. 0
115.0
1947-49=100
1935-39=100
Year and month
All Items
139.5
159.6
171.9
170.2
171.9
185. 6
189.8
191.3
168 2
167.9
168.4
168.5
169.3
170.2
172.0
173.4
174.6
175.6
176.4
178.8
181. 5
183.8
184. 5
184.6
185.4
185. 2
185. 5
185. 5
188.6
187.4
188.6
189.1
189.1
1952: February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June________
July-------------August......... —
September.
O c to b e r ..___
November__
December____
1953: January_____
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June________
J u ly -----------August______
September___
October______
November. .
December
1954: Januarv
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June________
Ju ly ------------August______
September___
October___ .
All
items
Total
food >
112.4
112. 4
112.9
113.0
113.4
114 1
114.3
114. 1
114.2
114.3
114.1
113.9
113.4
113.6
113. 7
114.0
114.5
114. 7
115.0
115.2
115.4
115. 0
114.9
115.2
115.0
114.8
114.6
115.0
115.1
115.2
115.0
114.7
114.5
112.6
All Items
112.7
113.9
114.3
114.6
116.3
116. 6
115.4
115.0
115.0
113. 8
113 1
111 5
111.7
111.5
112.1
113.7
113.8
114.1
113.8
113.6
112.0
112.3
113.1
112.6
112. 1 •
112 4
113.3
113.8
114.6
113.9
112.4
111.8
187.9
188.0
188.7
189.0
189.6
190.8
191.1
190.8
190.9
191.1
190.7
190.4
189.6
189. 9
190.1
190.6
191.4
191.8
192.3
192.6
192.9
192.3
192.1
192.6
192.3
191.9
191.6
192.3
192.4
192.6
192.3
191.8
191.4
* See footnote 2 to table D -l.
T able D-5: Consumer Price Index 1—All items indexes for selected dates, by city
1935-39
= 100
1947-49=100
City
Oct.
1954
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
July
1954
United States average 1 _____ _____ ____ 114.5
114.7
115.0
Atlanta, Oa__________________
Baltimore, Md_______________
Boston, Mass_________________
Chicago, 111___________________
Cincinnati, Ohio___________ . . .
0
(3)
113.5
117.1
0
116.3
115.2
0
117.4
114.3
0
0
0
117.7
0
Cleveland, Ohio___________
Detroit, Mich___________ .
Flouston, T e x ..______ _
Kansas City, Mo______________
Los Angeles, Calif........................................
0
116.0
0
115.7
114.8
0
116.2
0
0
115.4
Minneapolis, Minn__________
New York, N. Y______ _
Philadelphia, Pa___________
Pittsburgh, Pa____________
Portland, Oreg_____________________
116.9
112.6
116.1
114.3
115.2
0
0
0
0
0
St. Louis, Mo___________
San Francisco, Calif............. .............
Scranton, Pa.____ _______ _
Seattle, Wash______ ____
Washington, D. C________
June
1954
May
1954
Apr.
1954
115.2
115.1
115.0
0
0
113.8
118.0
0
117.6
115 5
0
117.3
114.2
0
0
0
117.3
0
115.3
116.8
116.5
0
115.1
0
117.5
0
115.6
114.9
0
117.1
0
0
115.7
0
112.7
116.2
0
0
0
113.0
116.2
0
0
117.3
113.3
116.3
115.4
115.5
115.7
116.2
0
0
0
0
0
112.4
116.2
114.1
0
0
0
0
0
Nov.
1953
Oct.
1953
June
1950
Revised
series
Oct.
1954
115.2
114.9
115.0
115.4
101.8
191.4
0
0
117.1
114.5
0
0
0
Feb.
1954
Jan.
1954
114.6
114.8
115.0
0
0
112.9
116.5
0
117.0
114.8
0
116.7
114.2
0
0
0
116.7
0
115.3
116.9
116.7
0
115.9
0
116.7
0
115.5
115.7
0
116.5
0
0
116.2
115.2
116.4
116.9
0
116.6
115.0
116.8
115.8
0
112.9
115.9
0
0
0
112.9
115.3
0
0
116.3
112.5
115.1
114.5
114.8
0
112.4
114.9
0
0
0
112.8
115.2
0
0
116.6
113.0
115.3
114.4
115.4
113.0
115.0
0
0
117.4
116.8
0
0
112.3
116.3
113.7
0
0
0
0
0
116.9
116.5
0
0
0
0
0
113.2
116.2
114.1
0
0
0
0
0
1See footnote 1 to table D -l. Indexes are based on time-to-tlme changes
in the cost of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clericalworker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live in one
city than in another.
1 Average of 46 cities beginning January 1953. See footnote 1 to table D -l.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Dec.
1953
Mar.
1954
(*)
0
0
112.7
116.7
0
116.4
114.6
116.4
0
0
115.5
116.7
117.3
0
117.0
116.4
0
0
0
0
116.9
116.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
113.8
117.1
0
101.6
102.8
102.8
101.2
0
0
117.2
0
102.8
103.8
0
0
182.7
199.4
0
0
195.8
0
0
115.7
116.3
101.3
186.3
191.8
0
116.6
113.3
115.3
114.7
116.1
102.1
100.9
101.6
101.1
193.6
186.4
193.2
194.3
199.5
0
0
0
0
0
101.1
100.9
0
0
0
0
0
116.1
112.9
114.7
0
0
0
0
113.4
116.4
114.3
0
0
0
0
(>)
3Prior to January 1953, indexes were computed monthly for 9 of these cities
and once every 3 months for the remaining 11 cities on a rotating cycle.
Beginning in January 1953, indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and
once every 3 months for the 15 remaining cities on a rotating cycle.
1421
D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D-6: Consumer Price Index 1—All items and commodity groups, except food,2 by city
[1947-49-100]
C ity and cycle of pricing
October
1954
October
1953
122.8
125.0
130.7
106.9
108.6
120.1
119.7
122.4
121.5
127.8
118.1
120.8
129.8
137.4
110.5
109.2
99.3
104.9
113.8
110.9
112.7
103.8
107.1
111.3
118.2
124.7
114.0
121.3
123.9
116.9
124.6
114.6
120.4
133.4
126.8
127.7
134.2
135.8
132.8
124.0
118.4
134.2
105.2
115.2
116.6
98.3
116.1
110.1
121.6
136.7
130. 6
121.3
140.8
126.5
116.9
116.8
97.1
117.0
118.5
117.3
125.6
120.5
118.7
117.7
118.2
124.7
119.6
119.8
Septem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
120.0
129.1
140.1
131.6
137.0
143.6
108.6
117.9
98.3
93.3
106.1
111.2
135.3
127.2
125.1
140.2
113.0
99.7
99.8
104.7
118.1
123.1
117.9
113.8
115.8
August
1953
August
1954
August
1953
August
1954
August
1953
August
1954
126.7
118.5
115.0
125.5
117.7
117.8
123.1
125.4
128.5
125.2
125.1
127.2
130.2
133.3
128.8
116.8
108.5
116.5
109.7
104.9
113.7
113.8
117.6
112.7
109.2
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
114.5
115.4
113.4
113.2
125.9
117.1
116.0
114.8
117.1
117.2
116.3
113.3
115.3
115.0
119.1
117.5
107.6
117.2
113.7
119.2
117.9
107.4
116.1
126.1
126.8
122.9
124.1
132.3
113.5
115.7
116.9
114.3
115.2
113.8
115.7
116.6
114.7
116.1
111.8
116.6
115.9
116.6
110.5
112.3
115.9
117.1
112.7
111.7
124.3
136.0
142.0
126.1
124.3
119.6
137.9
122.8
120.8
121.0
Septem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
116.3
115.2
114.3
115.7
116.2
117.6
115.0
115.3
117.1
116.9
115.5
107.4
109.3
113.8
115.0
108.1
109.7
121.1
117.2
132.6
123.0
133.0
112.9
133.4
124.8
136.1
123.4
August
1954
August
1953
August
1954
August
1953
August
1954
115.3
116.5
112.4
116.2
114.1
115.1
116.8
113.2
116.8
114.2
114.7
119.5
113.8
119.2
111.9
129.5
119.9
119.5
129.4
118.3
112.6
116.1
M ar., June, Sept., and Dec.:
Atlanta, Ga-------- -------- Baltimore, M d --------------Cincinnati, Ohio-----------St. Louis, M o___________
San Francisco, Calif--------
Feb., M ay, Aug., and N ov.:
Cleveland, Ohio------------Houston, T e x ---------------Scranton, Pa____________
Seattle, W ash___________
Washington, D . C ----------
111.8
112.1
117.5
111.1
110.0
111.2
111.4
October
1953
October
1953
October
1953
M onthly:
Chicago, 111_____________
Detroit, M ich________ -Los Angeles, Calif- ------N ew York, N . Y _______
Philadelphia, P a________
Jan., Apr., July, and Oct.:
Boston, M ass___________
Kansas City, M o----------Minneapolis, M in n --------Pittsburgh, P a__________
Portland, Oreg---------------
October
1954
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
U nited States average______
Other goods
and services
Reading and
recreation
Transportation
Medical care
Personal care
All items
121.0
121.6
122.6
120.1
119.1
116.1
126.7
130.5
121.1
122.3
Septem
ber 1953
117.6
119.0
116.2
116.7
115.3
August
1953
116.5
119.3
115.4
125.9
125.8
Apparel
M en’s and boys’
Total
October
1954
United States average----------Monthly:
Chicago, 111------- -----------Detroit, M ich____ ______
Los Angeles, Calif----------N ew York, N . Y ________
Philadelphia, P a-----------Jan., Apr., July, and Oct.:
Boston, Mass --------------Kansas City, M o-----------Minneapolis, M inn--------Pittsburgh, P a--------------Portland, Oreg— ..............
See footnotes at end of table
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
October
1953
October
1954
99.1
95.3
98.8
99.3
105.7
101.7
95.5
98.7
119.8
112.4
118.9
115.4
117.5
113.3
114.2
113.5
95.7
89.5
82.5
95.9
94.7
100.2
100.1
98.5
104.9
114.2
113.9
118.4
110.1
112.1
93.6
87.5
82.7
94.4
93.3
115.0
113.8
113.8
120.6
92.8
98.7
95.4
104.7
89.6
93.3
99.7
95.5
108.4
103.6
104.1
105.9
106.5
111.3
108.5
108.5
105.3
104.8
113.8
104.2
104.6
106.0
103.7
107.5
103.6
105.3
106.6
104.5
106.8
103.8
107.1
108.5
106.3
105.1
108.5
109.5
107.0
110.3
103.1
104.1
103.9
103.1
104.3
107.0
105.7
106.1
101.7
October
1953
92.3
106.6
102.7
104.8
104.1
106.4
111.8
October
1954
91.1
99.6
111.2
October
1953
115.8
107.6
108.3
106.4
105.0
October
1954
116.7
106.4
110.0
October
1953
Other a pparel3
Footwear
100.8
105.5
August
1954
P eb., M ay, Aug., and N ov.:
Cleveland, Ohio------------Houston, Tex................... —
Scranton, P a-----------------Seattle, W ash---------------Washington, D . C ..............
October
1954
104.6
September
1954
M ar., June, Sept., and Dec.:
Atlanta, G a -----------------Baltimore, M d --------------Cincinnati, Ohio-----------St. Louis, M o___________
San Francisco, Calif...........
October
1953
Women’s and girls’
101.9
96.5
100.4
102.6
105.9
100.1
102.5
98.9
98.6
111.1
112.8
120.6
88.0
September September September September September September September September September
1953
1954
1953
1954
1953
1954
1953
1954
1953
111.1
103.5
104.9
106.0
105.1
August
1953
104.9
106.6
106.7
107.6
104.0
112.1
101.4
104.9
108.0
105.5
August
1954
108.5
106.7
107.1
108.8
104.9
114.8
103.1
105.9
110.3
106.9
August
1953
109.6
106.4
109.1
110.8
106.7
105.3
100.1
99.7
96.2
98.7
August
1954
97.0
101.1
100.5
100.9
95.8
105.6
99.5
100.1
99.0
102.0
August
1953
122.5
116.8
119.9
116.7
118.7
115.1
117.8
113.6
122.0
August
1954
122.8
August
1953
97.5
99.7
117.6
127.2
116.6
129.7
102.9
99.0
118.5
115.4
116.5
115.0
101.0
120.8
120.6
92.0
95.1
87.0
96.0
87.8
August
1954
92.7
90.4
92.1
86.7
90.4
93.9
96.5
88.7
98.6
89.3
August
1953
93.7
90.4
93.6
89.1
92.7
1422
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T a b l e D -6: Consumer Price Index1—All items and commodity groups, except food,2 by city—Continued
[1947-49=100]
H ou sin g
C ity and cycle of pricing
U n ited S tates average__ ____
M o n th ly:
C hicago, E l______________
D etro it, M ic h ___________
L os A ngeles, C alif____ __
N e w Y ork, N . Y ________
P h iladelp h ia, P a ___ _____
Jan., A pr., Ju ly, and Oct.:
B oston , M a ss____________
K ansas C ity, M o ________
M inn eap olis, M in n ______
P ittsb u rgh , P a ___________
Portlan d, O r e g __________
M ar., June, S ep t., and D ec.:
A tlan ta, Ga___ _________
Baltim ore, M d _________
C incinnati, O h io _______
S t. L ouis, M o ...
____
San Francisco, C alif_____
F eb ., M a y , A ug., and N o v .:
C leveland, O hio______ _
H ou ston , T e x ... ________
Scranton, P a _____________
Seattle, W ash ____________
W ashington, D . C . _____
T otal housing
Gas and electricity
S olid fuels and
fuel oil
H ousefurnishings
H ousehold operation
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
October
1953
October
1954
119.5
118.7
129.0
126.8
108.5
107.0
123.8
125.7
105.6
108.1
117.6
116.6
128.2
122.3
124.3
115.9
114.3
123.9
120.9
124.1
115.4
113.4
(4)
138.9
(4)
106.3
108.8
109.5
108.2
102.3
99.9
109.6
109.5
108.8
102.3
123.0
119.3
123.9
119.2
(4)
108.4
108.8
107.0
105.5
109.4
109.9
111.3
109.8
107.7
110.5
121.1
110.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
133.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
108.1
118.9
113.8
120.7
106.9
108.1
119.3
113.8
119.6
(4)
137.0
(4)
123.9
(4)
(4)
131.5
108.4
118.0
105.8
104.0
124.6
110.0
118.8
107.8
114.5
105.2
113. 9
119.7
128.0
127.3
108.8
108.0
107.8
106.7
111.3
116.7
122.5
121.3
(4)
110.0
104.8
104.5
106.6
105.1
108.0
109.8
(4)
120.1
117.7
118.5
119.3
116.2
119.8
121.1
120.0
112 . 0
117.4
118.4
111.9
Septem
ber 1954
S ep tem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
S ep tem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
S ep tem
ber 1953
Septem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
S ep tem
ber 1954
Septem
ber 1953
S ep tem
ber 1954
124.1
114.4
117.0
119.7
117.5
124.0
113.6
116.5
118.6
118.3
131.3
124.7
129.1
121.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
111.3
99.6
115.2
103.8
130.1
108.8
97.4
113.2
99.4
130.1
117.7
115.9
124.5
125.2
130.7
(4)
109.6
99.1
101.5
102.7
104.8
113.8
103.2
103. 9
109.4
109.7
119.7
119.0
109.0
A ugust
1954
A ugust
1953
A ugust
1954
A ugust
1953
A ugust
1954
A ugust
1953
A ugust
1954
A ugust
1953
A ugust
1954
A ugust
1953
A ugust
1954
120.1
118.2
122.5
115.3
118.9
116.4
141.6
138.9
(4)
135.2
(4)
130.7
137.5
(4)
132.9
(4)
106.8
106.5
106.8
106.5
111.9
99.0
117.0
121.9
(4)
130.3
127.3
127.3
121.0
101.9
(4)
137.3
127.0
130.2
101.6
105.0
103.8
101.5
107.6
108.6
110.9
129.4
109.6
112.3
117.0
120.6
122.1
117.0
124.1
115.2
119.4
117.0
1 See footnote 1 to table D -l.
* See tables D-2, D-4, D-7, and D-8, for food.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
R en t
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
112.2
88.5
115.9
125.6
120.0
112.1
121.1
123.1
136.8
(4)
131.4
124.3
125.7
113.2
114.8
121.8
* See footnote 2 to table D~3.
4Not available.
99.6
105.1
107.1
129.4
111.1
October
1953
121.1
Septem
ber 1953
127.7
109.2
121.4
117. 2‘
109.0*
A ugust
1953
110.4
120.3
106.7
110 . 2 .
113.1
1423
D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T
able
D -7 :
Consumer Price Index1—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49-100]
Food at hom e
T otal food *
Oct.
1954
Sept.
1954
Oct.
1953
Oct.
1954
Sept.
1954
M eats, poultry, and fish
Cereals and bakery products
T otal food at hom e
C ity
Oct.
1953
Sept.
1954
Oct.
1954
Oct.
1953
Sept.
1954
Oct.
1954
Oct.
1953
United States average *-
111.8
112.4
113.6
110.9
1 1 1.6
113.3
122.7
1 2 2.6
120.4
103.9
106.7
111.1
Atlanta, Qa_....... ...........
Baltimore, Md...............
Boston, Mass_________
Chicago, 111.....................
Cincinnati, Ohio............
H I. 5
112. 9
110 . 2
113.3
114.2
110.3
114.6
114.0
110.3
11 0 .2
116.9
121.9
119.3
116.6
114.3
116.4
115.5
116.6
118.9
116.7
119.4
107.7
105.9
100.7
98.3
105.9
111.8
110 0
114.6
113.4
110.5
112.3
116.4
117.3
114.1
112.4
113.3
109.2
109.2
113.8
117.9
113.0
109.3
106.3
114.8
Cleveland, Ohio______
Detroit, Mich________
Houston, Tex................-..........
Kansas City, Mo...........
Los Angeles, Calif..........
no. 5
113 8
111 . 6
108. 5
110.8
111.5
116.1
112.4
110.1
111.4
115.2
112.3
110.9
120.4
118.0
117.7
116.9
118.2
115.0
126.8
122.3
101.4
103.1
103.5
99.6
105.8
104.4
105.8
103.7
112.8
120.3
117.9
117.4
120.4
126.9
Minneapolis, Minn........
New York, N. Y______
Philadelphia, Pa........ .
Pittsburgh, Pa ...............
Portland, Oreg_______
111.8
113.2
111. 3
114.5
113.0
1 1 1.6
111.2
115.2
113.4
112.1
115.4
114.9
113.5
125.0
125.2
120.7
124.2
124.3
122.3
125.2
120.9
119.3
117.7
99.0
104.1
104.5
100.4
107.9
100.7
107.5
108.6
111.6
114.3
112.9
111.9
125.0
125.4
120.5
124.4
124.4
St. Louis, Mo________
San Francisco, Calif___
Scranton, Pa...................
Seattle, Wash________
Washington, D. C____
115.2
113.7
109.9
111. 4
111.4
118.8
131.0
118.4
126.2
104.1
108.2
120.1
114.9
127.3
118.4
122.3
115.0
112.0
111.6
112.8
114.2
111. 5
108.9
112.3
113.8
109.7
112.5
110.7
107.5
110.3
113.4
111.4
111.1
112.2
111 . 8
111.8
108.9
108.8
113.5
113.0
1 1 0.6
108.3
110.7
112.0
122.2
119.0
116.5
123.9
120.2
112.2
110.8
115.8
115.0
113.6
113. 5
112.6
111.1
115.4
114.1
110.7
111 . 7
115.5
114.4
113.3
113.6
113.0
109.7
114.0
113.5
11 0 .6
114.9
114.3
113.0
112.0
111.0
111.4
111.8
118.9
131.0
118.1
126.0
112.1
111.9
109.9
110.8
111.5
120.2
121.1
120.2
102.1
104.9
99.9
108.8
104.1
101. 7
108.6
107.1
110 . 6
110.9
107.3
111. 4
1 0 1.6
107.1
103.9
110.9
113.1
108. 6
114. 2
1 0 2 .6
109.9
111.5
110 . 8
106.6
109.1
106. 2
107.1
103.7
111.0
109.5
108.2
Food at homo— C ontinued
U n ited States a v er a g e 1
Sept. 1954
Oct. 1953
Oct. 1954
Sept. 1954
Oct. 1953
Oct. 1954
Sept. 1954
106.7
105.8
110.1
111.1
110.5
107.7
115.7
116.0
117.4
107.8
116.5
108. 6
121.5
123.0
111.2
108. 2
108.9
C levelan d, O hio_____
D etro it, M ic h ________
H ou ston, T e x ________
K ansas C ity , M o ____
Los A ngeles, C alif____
103.7
103.7
106.3
108.5
103.1
110.0
105. 5
108.7
114.9
108.2
110.1
111.1
118.9
111.9
107.2
109.6
112.0
112.9
112.0
110.8
107.9
116.1
108.9
122.4
122.7
108.0
109.6
110.4
108.3
108.6
106.7
119.4
115.9
106.2
106.8
104.8
117.1
115.4
106.3
107.9
104.7
114.1
108.7
105.4
103.5
120.4
118.6
113.9
109.2
113.3
119.9
118.7
113.7
109.9
112.8
119.0
114. 6
114.2
117. 7
106.6
108.1
114.0
112.3
109.4
116.1
108.8
118.3
111.3
106.9
115.2
107.2
117.8
110.3
104.9
115.6
103.6
111.3
110.7
104.5
125.7
116.6
117.1
126.2
114.6
125.0
116.3
117.3
125.5
117.2
125.1
116.1
116.3
126.3
119.4
119.4
110.9
108.4
118.3
109.8
106.7
108.9
106.7
115.9
111.4
103.6
106.6
105.4
126.1
115.6
114.0
113.2
115.6
127.2
117.5
113.9
115.4
114.4
125.0
115. 7
116. 5
114. 6
113. 7
108.1
108.9
108.2
103. 6
107.5
110.2
112.8
111.9
111.3
110.5
108.4
103.1
103.1
106.0
108.1
102.8
M inn eap olis, M i n n ...
N e w Y ork, N . Y _____
P h iladelp h ia, Pa_.........
P ittsb u rgh , P a .............
P ortland, O reg.............
102.6
102.2
107.4
111.4
109.9
105.3
106.0
108.3
109.7
104.8
St. L ouis, M o ________
San Francisco, C a lif..
Scranton, P a _________
S eattle, W ash ................
W ashington, D . C -----
105.1
105. 3
108. 7
105.9
111.7
See footnote 1 to table D - l .
101.6
106.2
105. 4
107.8
110.0
112.6
102.8
112.0
106.9
114.4
Indexes for 56 cities for total food (1935-
3g—ioo or June 1940=100) were published in th e M arch 1953 M on th ly Labor
R ev iew and in previous issues. See table D - 8 for U . S. average prices for 46
cities com bined.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Oct. 1953
Oct. 1954
A tla n ta , Ga_..................
B altim ore, M d ..............
B o sto n , M a s s ................
C hicago, 111--.................
C in cin n a ti, O hio..........
i
Othe r foods at ho m e 4
Fruits and vegetables
D a iry products
C ity
110.8
106.8
100.8
107.8
> See footnote 2 to table D - l .
* Average of 46 cities beginning January 1953.
* See footnote 3 to table D -2 .
115.1
110.1
125.1
124.4
120.2
See footnote 1 to table D - l.
1424
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
T a b l e D - 8 : A v e r a g e r e t a il p r ic e s o f s e l e c t e d f o o d s
Commodity
Cereals and bakery products:
Flour, wheat___ _____ ______
.5 poun d s.
Biscuit mix i_______ ____ ___
.2 0 ounces.
Cornmeal1...............................
___ p ou n d .
R ice..............................................
_____ d o . . .
Rolled oats.................................
.2 0 ou nces.
Cornflakes
...........................
.1 2 ou nces.
B r e a d ................. ........................
-----p ou n d .
Soda crackers______________
_____ d o . . .
Vanilla cookies 4____________
. . 7 ou nces.
Meats, poultry, and fish:
Beef and veal:
Round steak i...................
.p o u n d .
Chuck roast5___________
...d o ...
Rib roast1..........................
...d o ...
Hamburger____________
...d o ...
Veal cutlets____ ________
...d o ...
Pork:
Pork chops, center cut___
.d o ...
Bacon, sliced___________
.d o ...
Ham, whole i......................
.d o ...
Lamb, le g ..________________
.d o ...
Other meats:
Frankfurters............... ........
_____ d o . . .
Luncheon meat, canned..
.1 2 ou nces.
Poultry:
Frying chickens:
Dressed 6_......................
.p o u n d .
Ready-to-cook *______
...d o ...
FishOcean perch fillet, frozen 4 ................ d o . . .
Haddock, fillet, frozen 7__ ________ d o . . .
Salmon, pink........................ .16-ounce can.
Tuna fish_____ _____ ____ . .7-ounce can .
Dairy products:
Milk, fresh (grocery) ........... ...............q u a r t.
Milk, fresh (delivered) 4........... — ........... d o ___
Ice cream_________ _________ ................ p i n t .
Butter____ _________________ ..............p o u n d .
Cheese, American process____ -------------- d o ___
Milk, evaporated. ______ _____ 14)3-ounce can.
All fruits and vegetables:
Frozen fruits and vegetables:
Strawberries 42__...............
.1 0 ounces..
Orange juice concentrate...
. . 6 ounces..
Peas, green » .......................
.1 0 ounces..
Beans, green____________
........ .d o ___
Fresh fruits and vegetables:
Apples....................... .............
.p o u n d ..
Bananas___ ____________
. . . d o ___
Oranges, size 200_________
..d o z e n .,
Lemons .......... ...................
.p o u n d ..
Grapefruit*............................
. . ea c h ..
1 45 cities.
2 41 cities.
Oct.
1954
Sept.
1954
Oct.
1953
C e n ts
C e n ts
C e n ts
53.6
27.4
53.4
27.5
52.1
27.9
12 .6
12 .6
12.6
19.0
18.6
21.9
17.4
27.2
23.7
19.3
18.6
21.9
17.4
27.2
23.7
21 .8
92.0
51.3
70.3
40.2
107.9
91.9
50.6
70.2
40.3
107.5
80.2
75.2
64.6
69.1
87.2
76.5
69.0
83.8
87.5
67.8
71.3
54.7
49.1
55.1
49.5
56.8
50.1
40.5
51.3
43.8
54.9
46.8
59.3
44.3
49.6
52.7
38.8
44.2
49.6
52.5
38.9
43.4
49.3
52.1
38.4
22.3
23.3
29.6
71.5
56.8
13.8
22.1
22.6
23.1
29.6
69.3
56.8
13.8
23.7
30.0
78.9
59.7
14.3
30.6
19.0
19.2
24.2
36.5
19.0
19.3
24.4
37.4
21.7
23.2
24.2
12.9
16.8
68.9
18.5
14.3
16.5
68.9
17.4
16.9
50.4
19.8
6 8 .0
19.9
18.4
16.8
27.2
23.4
93.4
53.5
70.6
42.7
110.6
12.1
5 44 cities.
6 g cities.
* 38 cities.
7 36 citieS.
4 42 c i t i e s
8 40 c i t i e s .
' Specification changed from N o . 2 can to N o . 303 can, effective October
1954.
10 44 cities beginning Ju ly 1953,43 cities D ecem ber 1952 through June 1953.
n Specification changed from 12 ounces to 10 ounces, effective February 1954.
1954.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Commodity
Oct.
1954
All fruits and vegetables—Continued
Fresh fruits and vegetables—Continued
C e n ts
reaches*_________
______ pound
Strawberries*.................... ________pint..
Grapes, seedless*............ . --------- pound..
22.0
Watermelons*..___ _____ ------------do___
Potatoes_____________
---- 15 pounds .
76.5
Sweetpotatoes—___ _____ ....... ..pound..
11.4
Onions_____________
....... ........do___
7.3
Carrots______________ .............. -do___
14.0
Lettuce........................
............ ..head.
18.6
Celery_________ ..
______ pound..
12.8
Cabbage.............. ........
......... ...... do___
6.0
Tomatoes______________ ------------ do___
19.9
Beans, green _______
................ do___
18.9
Canned fruits and vegetables:
Orange juice........... ........ ..46-ounce can _ 36.3
Peaches___________
..N o. 2)6 can .
32.5
Pineapple______________ .............. .do___
38.7
Fruit cocktail............ ........ ------------do___
40.9
Corn, cream s t y le ___
... N o 303 can..
18.0
Peas, green________ ._ --------- do__
21.4
Tomatoes 9____ ________ ...N o . 303 can..
14.7
Baby foods____________ .4)6-5 ounces..
9.8
Dried fruits and vegetables:
Prunes........................... . --------- pound..
31.5
N avy beans____________ ------------ do___
17.8
Other foods at home:
Partially prepared foods:
Vegetable soup................... ..11-ounce can..
14.3
Beans with pork.. ........... ..16-ounce can .
14.5
Condiments and sauces:
Gherkins, sweet_________ ---- 7)6 ounces..
29.4
Catsup, tomato_________ ----- 14 ounces..
22.2
Beverages, nonalcoholic:
Coffee________________ ............pound.. 110.0
Tea _______ ____ _______ ----- U pound..
34.8
Cola drink------------- carton of 6, 6-ounce..
32.4
Pats and oils:
Shortening, hydrogenated. ............ pound..
35.9
Margarine, colored 10_____ ------------do___
30.1
Lard_________________ ------------do___
25.9
Salad dressing........ ........ ---- ------- pint..
36.3
Peanut butter___ _____ ............ pound..
49.3
Sugar and sweets:
Sugar............ ....................... ___ 5 pounds..
52.4
Corn syrup____________ ----- 24 ounces..
23.7
Grape jelly_____________ ___ 12 ounces..
25.9
Chocolate bar___________ ____ 1 ounce...
5.1
Eggs, fresh_______________ --------- dozen..
59.7
Miscellaneous foods:
Gelatin, flavored________ ____ 3-4 ounces!
8.5
Sept.
1954
Oct.
1953
C e n ts
C e n ts
14.3
19.9
82.7
12.4
7.6
13.5
14.4
12.5
6.1
16.5
17.2
69.3
11.8
6.1
14.0
17.8
13.8
7.0
19.6
21 0
36.3
32.6
38.7
41.0
18. 1
21.4
17.4
9.8
35.8
33.4
38.7
40.6
19.0
21.2
17.4
9.8
31.3
17.8
29.3
17.5
14.3
14.5
14.3
14.4
29.5
22.3
30.0
22.3
111.6
34.6
32.3
91.6
32.5
30.7
35.8
30.2
26.9
36.4
49.3
34.0
29.0
25.7
34.6
49.0
52.7
23.7
25.9
4.9
59.6
53.2
23.5
24.6
4.5
79.5
8.5
8.6
42 Specification changed from 12 ounces to 10 ounces, effective October 1954.
•Priced only in season.
N ote.—T he U nited States average retail food prices appearing in table
D -8 are based on prices collected m on th ly in 46 cities for use in the calculation
of the food com ponent of the revised C onsum er Price Index. A verage retail
food prices for each of 20 large cities are published m on th ly and are available
upon request. Prices for the 26 m edium -size and sm all cities are n ot published
on an in d ivid u al city basis.
1425
D: CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D-9: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1
11947-49-100]
Commodity group
All commodities____________ ____ _____________
Oct. *
1954
109.7
Sept.
1954
Aug.
110.0
July
June
M ay
1954
Apr.
19.54
1954
1954
1954
110.5
110.4
110.0
110.9
111.0
97.9
104.4
91.2
93.0
107.0
84.1
69.0
95.3
181.2
99.4
97.4
92.9
94.9
105. 5
88.3
77.9
96.5
182.2
Oct.
1953
June
1950
Feb.
Jan.
1954
1954
110.5
110.5
110.9
110.1 109.8
110.2
100.2
98.4
89.6
93.0
92.4
105.9
93.4
80.1
93.4
181.2
97.7
89.7
91.6
91.3
106. 5
95.0
89.6
91.6
168.0
97.8
91.2
91.3
91.8
104.2
97.5
92.7
90. 5
161.0
94.4
89.8
90.6
83.9
103.2
99. 5
97.2
89.7
148.1
93.7
94. 2
89. 3
78. 4
103. 5
101. 9
111.6
88. 0
146. 9
95.3
94.2
87. 9
82.0
103. 2
100. 7
126. 3
84. 3
146. 2
94.6
89.8
89. 6
99.8
107.3
81.6
70.6
87.6
122. 4
Mar.
1954
D ec.
1953
N ov.
1953
Farm products......... ........................................ ............
Fresh and dried produce................................ .
Grains ...... ................ .............. ............................. Livestock and poultry...... .....................................
Plant and animal fibers........................................
Fluid m ilk------------ ------ ---------------- -----------E g g s ..........................................................................
Hay and s e e d s ..........- ..........................................
Other farm products...................- .........................
Q2
101
Q9
77
93 6
99 8
93 6
80 7
107. 4
*91 7
77. 3
87 5
164.6
95.8
108.3
91.2
83.4
106.7
89 7
86.4
94.2
168.8
96.2
110.9
88.1
83. 2
107.2
87.7
84.4
94.8
184.0
94.8
96.6
86.5
87.7
106.9
83.7
70.8
96.0
181.7
Processed foods............................ .................. ................
Cereal and bakery products................................
Meats, poultry fish
--------------------- --------Dairy products and ice c r e a m .........................
Canned, frozen fruits and vegetables...............
Sugar and confectionery---------- ------ ----- -----Packaged beverage m aterials.---------- ----------Animal fats and oils-----------------------------------■
Crude vegetable oils..................................- ...........
Refined vegetable oils.............. .............................
Vegetable oil end products----------- --------------Other processed foods----------------------------------
102 7 105.5
114 R
113. 8
8<y 8
92 0
108 7 *106 6
105 0 *105.0
11? 0 113 0
?00 3 206.0
84 8 *96.2
04 0
69 0
70 4
76. 5
87 3
84 7
99.8 103.5
106. 4
113.2
92.0
105. 9
104. 8
114. 5
226.5
96.9
73.5
78.8
87.3
109.6
106.5
114.0
94.1
105.1
104.7
113.7
231.3
94.0
72.2
79.1
87.3
101.4
105.0
113.5
92.3
102.4
104.7
113.3
231.3
90.0
73.0
79.1
87.3
96.8
106.8
113.3
98.3
101.7
104.5
113.1
229.6
99.7
71.8
76.4
87.2
101.3
105.9
113.2
94.3
103.0
103.3
112.6
229.6
108. 5
72.1
76.5
84.4
102.9
105.3
112.6
92.8
106.1
103.0
112.8
209.1
95.3
67.9
73. 1
83.2
106.5
104.8
112.7
92.9
107.4
103.0
110.2
191.4
94.7
65.2
69.8
81.4
108.9
1C6.2
112.4
96.4
109.4
103.8
110.1
182.1
93.5
64.0
72.7
83.8
111.5
104.3
112. 2
89. 7
111.3
103.9
108.9
171.6
92. 7
66.3
74.2
84.4
113.9
103.8
112. 6
86.2
113. 9
104. 7
108. 7
171.0
85. 6
71.2
75. 5
84.2
110. 2
104. 7
112.0
88. 9
112. 7
104.9
110. 2
169. 8
70.1
73. 3
80. 3
117 1
96.8
96. 5
102. 4
90.0
98.0
94.7
136.9
63.9
67.9
67. 4
79.2
106.6
All commodities other than farm and foods............
114.5
114.4
114.4
114.3
114.2
114.5
114.5
114.2
114.4
114.6
114.6 114.5
114.6
102.2
Textile products and apparel.....................................
Cotton products------------------- -------------------Wool products------------------------- ------ ----------Synthetic textiles..------ -----------------------------Silk products............................................................
Apparel------ --------- ----------------------------------Other textile products...........................................
Q*) 4
89 8
108 5
86 1
19.7 0
Q8 0
8o! 9
95 3
89 2
109. 6
85 8
128.4
98. 6
80.3
95.3
89.1
110.3
85.7
126.3
98.6
79.8
95.1
88.9
109 8
85.7
124.2
98.4
79.1
94.9
88.4
110.1
85.6
123.9
98.1
79.0
94.8
88.3
109.5
85.2
131.6
98.2
78.8
94.7
88.5
109.2
84.6
132.3
98.2
78.9
95.0
88.5
109.3
84.9
135.1
98.6
80.6
95.3
88.8
109.0
85.4
135.8
98.8
83.1
96.1
90.4
111.0
85. 4
142.1
99.1
82.7
95.8 96.2
90.9 91. 6
112.1 111. 5
85. 5 85. 2
139.3 136. 5
97.9 98. 7
82.4 83. 5
96.5
92. 4
111. 6
85.9
135. 8
98.7
82. 7
93.3
90.0
105.3
91.3
88.8
92.7
96.3
Hides, skins, and leather products...........................
Hides and skins_____________ _____________
L ea th er..---------------------- ---------- --------- ----Footwear..................................- ................ -...........
Other leather products.................. .......................
Q9 3
40 9
8? 1
111 8
96^1
*93.0
51. 5
*82 9
111. 8
96.5
94.0
55.8
84.4
111.8
96.7
94.9
58.2
86. 5
111.8
97.0
95.6
60.6
87.4
111.9
97.5
96.0
62.5
87.6
111.9
97.5
94.6
56.5
86.0
111.9
97.4
94.7
56. 0
86.3
111.9
97.6
94.9
55.4
87.4
111.9
98.0
95.3
66.8
88.1
111.9
98.1
95.6 97.1
57. 7 64 3
88.7 90. 4
111.8 111. 8
98.2 98. 8
97.1
64. 4
90.4
111. 7
99.1
99.1
94.3
98.2
102.7
95.2
Fuel, power, and lighting materials...........................
Coal............................ - ..............................................
Coke...........................................................................
G as---------- ---------------------------------------------Electricity----------------------------------------- -----Petroleum and products...........— ------ ---------
100 7
105 0
139 4
100 0
101 9
109.3
*106. 9
*105. 5
132. 4
*106.0
*101.2
109.4
106.9
105.2
132.4
105.4
102.4
109.3
106.2
104.9
132. 4
105.4
101.8
108.2
107.8
104.7
132.4
107.8
101.8
110.9
108.2
104.6
132.4
109.0
101.8
111.7
108.6
104.1
132.4
112.3
101.8
112.1
109.2
107.9
132.5
111.5
102. 9
111.5
110.5
110.9
132.5
113.5
101.3
113.5
110.8
111.9
132.5
111.8
100.7
114.2
111.1 111.2
112. 5
132. 5
109.6
100. 7
114.9
112. 5
132. 5
106.3
99. 6
116. 3
111.2
112. 5
132. 5
106 6
98.5
116. 6
102.4
104.8
115.6
107.1
117.3
112.8
95.3
94.0
59.3
109.9
114.0
108.1
107.2
117.4
112.8
94.7
94.0
59.8
109.5
114.1
108.1
107.4
117.9
112.8
95.2
93. £
60.5
110. C
114. C
108. 1
107.5
118.4
112.8
95.2
93.9
63.5
110.0
114.0
106.8
107.2
118.4
112.8
96.5
93.9
61.2
111. 1
114.0
105.3
107.1
118. 6
112.7
96.6
93.8
58.6
111. 4
113. 9
105.2
107.2
119. 2
112.7
97.7
93. 6
58. 0
111. 5
112 9
105.0
106.7
119 5
112.1
98.0
93. 5
53. 3
111.7
1
Q
Q
5
107 1
8
8?.
01 7
159.6
94 0
9 4 .8
10 1 .3
103.1
Chemicals and allied products--------------------------Industrial chemicals_______________________
Prepared paint-----------------------------------------Paint materials----------------------------------------Drugs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics--------------Fats and oils, Inedible------ --------- ---------------Mixed fertilizer------------------------------- ------ Fertilizer materials-----------------------------------Other chemicals and products------ ------ --------
100 Q 106. 8
117 0 117. 4
119 8 112. 8
Q7 2
97. 0
Q2 0
94.0
50 0 *54.0
10Q 9 109. 3
119 1 112. 3
107! 6 *107.6
106.8
117.4
112.8
97.8
94.0
53.5
109.8
112.1
107.6
106.7
117.1
112.8
97. 6
94.0
52. 0
109.7
112.1
107.9
106. 8
117.0
112.8
96.8
94.0
55.7
109.9
111.6
107.7
103. 4
92.1
96.3
98.0
86.8
91.3
48.8
101.2
98.5
91.1
Rubber and products------------------------------ -------Crude rubber .........................................................
Tire casings and tubes------------------------- -----Other rubber products............. ...........................
198 5 126 9
129 0 125. 6
19Q 0 129.6
125.2 *124.0
126.4
123.5
129.6
123.7
126.8
126.5
129.3
123.7
126.1
122.8
129.3
123.7
125.1
117.5
129.3
123.7
125.0
117.0
129. i
123.7
124.9
113.8
130.;
123.7
124.6
112.9
130.;
123.3
124.8
113.4
130.3
123.7
124.8
114. 5
130.1
123.2
124.3
112.0
130.1
123.2
124.2
111.3
130.
123. 2
109.5
129.0
106.1
103.6
Lumber and wood products___________________
Lumber--------- -----------------------------------------Millwork_________________________________
Plywood_________________________________
11Q 8 *119 3
110 5 *119 0
130 2 *130.2
103.
104.3
119.1
118.7
129.7
105.4
119.1
118.6
130.7
103.0
116.3
115.
130.
99.7
116.1
115.6
130.8
101.4
116.2
115.1
130. 1
100.7
116.7
115.6
131.:
102.
116.8
115. 5
131.1
105.0
117.0
115.fi
131.1
103.
117.4
116.4
131.3
103.9
117.3
116. 3
131. 2
103.1
118.1
117.2
131. 2
104.
112.4
113.5
110.9
101.7
Pulp, paper, and allied products----------------------Woodpulp_______________________________
W astepaper______________________________
Paper ------------------ --------------------------------Paperboard______________________________
Converted paper and paperboard..................... .
Building paper and board_________________
110
10Q
82
126 i
124
111
127 . e
116.3
109.
80. C
126.
124.5
112.
127. €
116.
109.6
79.
126.
124.5
111.
127. i
115.
109.'
70.
126.
124.5
lll.f
127.
115.8
109.7
67.5
126.
124.4
lll.f
127.
116.3
109.7
83.2
126.8
124.8
111.8
127.
116.
109.7
84.
126.8
124.1
112.;
127.5
117.
109.7
85.7
126.
125.:
113.
127.5
117.0
109.'
79.1
126.8
125.
113.
127.5
117.1 117.3
109.
109. 7
79.
90. 8
126.8 126.8
125.
126.0
113.4 113. 4
123.0
123,
117.
109.
112.
126.
126.
113.
123.
95.9
90.6
79.0
103.3
97.2
93.2
106.3
Metals and metal products____________________
Iron and steel-----------------------------------------Nonferrous metals________________________
Metal containers .................................................
Hardware-------------- --------------------------------Plumbing equipment— .....................................
Heating equipment.............................................
Structural metal products_________________
Nonstructural metal products---------------------
*129
134
197 - *126
131
131.
140
141
IIS 5
118
114
*114 1
117 « 118 01
126. Ol
126.
128.
133.
125.
131.5
138.
118..
114.
117.
126.
128.
133. f
124.
130.
138.
118.
114.
115.
125.
127.1
131.
123.
130.
137.'
118.
113.
115.
125.
127.1
131.
123.
130.
137.
118.'
113.
116.5
125.31
126.8
131.1
123. ‘
130J
138.
118.'
114.
116.
125.
126.
131.
121.1 119.8
130. 1 130.1
138. 1 137.1
n s.;
118.
114. : 114.8
116.
116.8
126.
126.
127 .;
127.
132.
127.5
133
108.8
113.1
128.
137.
118.'
115.
117.
109. 0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19Q
125
116.
109.
80.
126
124.
112.
127.
126.;
130.
132.
121.
130.
137.
118.
115.,
117.
127.
122.
128.'
137.
118 .;
115.,
117 .;
127.
127.9
133.6
122 3
128. 7
137. 2
118. 2
115.8
117. 5
127.2
112.9
122.
iz/.ai
101. 8
111.1
103. S
102 C
100.
115.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
1426
T able D -9: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1—Continued
[1947-49=100]
O c t.2
1954
C o m m o d ity group
Sept.
1954
Aug.
1954
J u ly
1954
M ay
1954
June
1954
Apr.
1954
M ar.
1954
Feb.
1954
Jan.
1954
N ov.
1953
D ec.
1953
Oct.
1953
June
1950
M achinery and m otive products .......... ......... ........... A gricultural m achinery and eq u ip m en t_______
C onstruction m achinery and eq u ip m en t............
M etalw orking m achinery and e q u ip m e n t.........
General purpose m achinery and eq u ip m en t . . .
M iscellaneous m ach in ery_____________ ______ _
Electrical m achinery and eq u ip m en t- _______
M otor vehicles ................................ ........... ...............
124.4
121.9
131.6 131.6
133.8 133.3
128.1
128.1
126.1 125.9
125.6 *125. 7
118.5 118.9
124.3
131.5
132.7
127.9
125.6
125.6
118.9
124.3
122.3
131.5
132.6
127.8
125.5
125.8
118.9
124.3
122.3
131.5
132.6
128.2
125.5
125.9
118.9
131.5
132.6
128.2
125.2
126.0
118.9
124.4
122.3
131.6
132.6
128.2
125.2
126.5
118.9
124.5
122.3
131.7
133.0
128.5
125.1
126.8
118.9
124.5
123.0
131.5
133.0
128.2
124.9
126.8
118.9
124.4
122.7
131.2
132.8
128.2
124.7
126.8
118.9
124.3
122.5
131.1
132.8
128.6
124.5
126.8
118.5
124.2
122.5
131.1
132.8
128. 5
124.4
126.6
118.5
124.1
122.4
131.0
132.7
128.2
124.1
126.5
118.5
106.!
108.!
108.
108.
107.
105.
.
106.
Furniture and other household d urables__________
H ousehold fu rn itu re________________ _________
Com m ercial furniture. .
Floor covering.................................... ......... .................
H ousehold appliances_____________ __________
Radios .......................... ....... ......................... .............
T elevision sets ______________________________
Other household durable goods...............................
115.6 *115.3
115.3
112.9
126.2
123.5
109.7
95.4
68.5
130.4
115.3
126.2
122.7
109.7
95.6
70.3
130.4
115.4
113.1
126.2
115.5
113.5
126.2
115.6
113.6
126.2
115.0
113.7
126.2
122.6 122.6 122.6 122.6
109.8
95.6
70.6
130.4
109.9
95.7
73.8
130.4
109.9
95.7
73.8
130.4
109.5
95.7
73.8
128.2
115.1
113.9
126.2
122.3
109.7
96.1
73.8
128.1
115.2
114.2
126.2
122.5
109.6
96.1
73.5
128.1
115.0
114.1
126.2
124.8
109.1
94.3
74.0
127.7
114.9
114.1
126.2
125.0
109.0
94.3
74.2
127.6
114.8
114.2
125.8
125.2
109.0
94.8
74.2
126.8
103.
.
106.
109.
.
(*)
(*)
106.
N onm etallic minerals—structural_______________ _
F lat glass ______________ ________ ___________
Concrete in gred ien ts................................. ...............
Concrete products__________________ ______ _
Structural clay products.......... .............. .................
G ypsum products_________ _______ ____ _____
Prepared asphalt roofing______________________
Other nonm etallic m inerals................................ .
121.9 121.7
123.9 *123.9
120.4
124.7
119.1
124.7
119.3
124.7
120.7
124.7
119.4
117.4
132.0
105.
105.
105.
104.
.
.
98.
105.
T obacco m anufactures and bottled beverages___ _
C igarettes________________________ _____ _____
C igars___________________ . . ------------------------Other tobacco products.......................................... .
A lcoholic beverages___ _______________________
N onalcoholic beverages_______________________
M iscellaneous -------- ---------------------------- --------------T oys, sporting goods, sm all arm s_____________
M anufactured anim al feeds__________ _______
N otion s and accessories_____ ______ . . . ______
Jew elry, w atches, photo eq u ip m en t___________
Other m iscellaneous__________________________
124.3
122.0
112.8 112.8
127.3 126. 2
124.0 124.4
109.5 *109.4
95.4
95.4
68.7
68.7
131.3 130.5
122.1
120.5
112.8
124.4
122.6
124.7
20.1 120.0
122.1 122.1 122.2 122.1 1117.5
117.3
117.7
117.8
135.4
120.8 121.0 121.0
124.7
119.8
117.3
132.0
124.7
119.9
117.3
132.0
124.7
119.8
117.6
131.9
120.9
124.7
119.9
117.2
131.9
120.8 120.8
124. 7
119.6
117.2
132.1
124.7
119.4
117.4
132.1
102
101
100
117.8 117.9
110
132.3 132.0 132.0 132.0
22.1 122.1 102
22.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 1109.9
122.1 135.4
122.1 122.1 198.5
94.2
109.9
96.3 108.4 109.9 109.9 109.9 109.9
106.1
98.6
104.1
120.8 120.8 120.8 120.2 120.2 120.2 120.2 119.8 119.8 119.8 118.9 118.9 118.0
101.
121.5 121.5 121.5 121.4 121.4 121.4 121.5 117.9 118.0 118.2 118.1 118.1 118.1
124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124,0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 102.
103.7 103.7 103.7 103.7 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 100.
121.4 121.4 121.4 121.4 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 103.
114.3 114.3 114.3 114.2 114.2 114.3 114.6 114.6 114.6 115.0 114.9 114.9 114.9 100.
100.
125.1 125.1 125.1
148.1 148.1 148.1 148.1 148.1 147.9 147.9 125.1 125.1 125.1
93.2
94.4
96.
96.7 *99.1 102.3 103.9 105.1 109.2 110.3 104.9 102.8 101.1 100.1
104.
112.7 *112.7 113.4 113.5 113.6 113.6 113.6 113.0 113.0 113.1 113.2 114.0 114.1
93.
92.2
78.7
81.0
111.1
98.3 100.6 109.1
101.1 97.2 94.0
95.2
84.3
89.0
88
93.5
93.5
93.5
93.5
93.5
93.5
93.5
101.2 101.2 101.6 101.6 101.6 93.5 102.7
96.
101.9
1
0
2
.1
101.9
101.9
102.0 102.0
103.2 103.2 102. S 102.7 102.7 102.3
121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.3 121.3 121.3 121. 2 120. 4 119.8 119.7 119.5 119.5 105.
.
detailed description of the index, see A Description of the Revised Wholesale
Price Index, Monthly Labor Review, February 1952 (p. 180), or reprint
Serial No. R. 2067.
2 Preliminary.
* Not available.
* Revised.
i The revised wholesale price Index (1947-49=100) is the official index for
January 1952 and subsequent months. The official index for December 1951
and previous dates is the former index (1926=100). The revised index has
been computed back to January 1947 for purposes of comparison and analysis.
Prices are collected from manufacturers and other producers. In some cases
they are secured from trade publications or from other Government agencies
which collect price quotations in the course of their regular work. For a more
T able D-10: Special wholesale price indexes1
[1947-49=100]
1953
1954
1950
Commodity group
O ct.2 Sept.
All foods_________ _____ ___________ ___________
All fish_______________________________________
Special metals and metal products........... .............
Metalworking machinery...... ....... ......................... .
Machinery and equipment_______________ ______
Total tractors_________________________________
Steel mill products_____________________________
Building materials____ _______________________
Soaps__________ _____________________________
Synthetic detergents___________________________
Refined petroleum products________ ____ ______ _
East coast petroleum___________ ___________
Mid-continent petroleum. _______________ .
Gulf coast petroleum_________________ ______
Pacific coast petroleum__________ ___ ______
Pulp, paper and products, excl. bldg, paper.........
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes 3____. __________
Lumber and wood products, excl. millwork______
1 See footnote 1, table D-9,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
*Preliminary.
102.5
101.8
127.0
140.4
127.5
123.2
145.8
121.7
96.1
93.4
107.2
102. S
104.6
115.9
102.6
116.0
112. C
118.4
103.7
113.9
126.6
140.2
127.4
123.2
145. 7
*121.3
*96.1
93.4
107.3
101.1
104.0
114.9
108.8
116.0
110.8
*117.8
Aug.
105.5
111.1
126.3
140. 2
127.2
123.2
145.6
120.8
96.0
93.4
107.2
101.1
103.7
114.9
108.8
116.0
108.5
117.6
July
105.6
103.5
125.8
139.9
127.2
123.9
145.6
120.5
96.6
93.4
105.9
104.7
102.8
109.0
108.8
115.9
106.7
117.4
June
102.7
97.4
125.2
139.9
127.3
123.9
141.9
118.5
96.3
93.4
109.1
106.1
104.8
113.1
115.9
115.5
104.2
114.3
M ay
104.6
103.7
125.2
139.9
127.4
123.9
141.9
118.6
97.1
93.4
110.0
107.3
105.4
113.1
118.8
115.5
103.6
114.0
1 Comparable to former code 05-12-01.12.
Apr.
103.9
105.7
125.0
139.9
127.5
123.9
141.9
119.0
97.1
93.4
110.5
108.1
105. 7
114.1
118.8
116.1
103.7
114.1
Mar.
103.0
107.5
124.6
140.1
127.6
123.7
141.9
119.3
97.1
93.4
109.7
108.7
106.3
110.0
118.8
116.3
106.3
114.7
Feb.
Jan.
103.1
107.2
124.6
140.1
127.6
124.9
142.0
119.2
94.8
91.0
112.2
109.9
107.7
116.0
118.8
116.9
112.2
114.7
N ot available.
104.5
114.0
125.3
139.7
127.4
124.5
142.4
119.6
91.1
91 0
112.9
109.4
109.9
116.2
118.8
116.8
113.0
115.0
Dec.
103.1
109.4
125.4
139.7
127.5
124.1
142.4
119.6
90.5
91.0
113.8
112.0
109.6
117.8
118.8
116.9
112.5
115.4
Nov.
103.6
106.1
125.7
139.7
127.4
124.1
142.4
119.5
90.0
91.0
115. 5
114.1
110.2
121.3
118.8
117.1
112.6
115.3
• Revised.
Oct.
105.1
111.3
125.7
139.6
127.2
124.1
142.5
120.0
86.5
91.0
115.8
113.5
110.1
122.8
118.8
117.4
112.6
116.2
June
95.0
92.4
108.3
109.8
106.1
107.5
114.9
107.5
80.9
82.9
102.1
98.1
101.8
109. 7
94.1
95.6
106.8
(«)
1427
E : WORK STOPPAGES
E: Work Stoppages
T able E -l: Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Workers Involved in stoppages
Number of stoppages
Man-days idle during month
or year
Month and year
Beginning in
month or year
In effect dur
ing month
Beginning in
month or year
2,862
3, 573
4, 750
4,985
3,693
3,419
3, 606
4,843
4,737
5,117
5,091
1953: October.. .
November.
December.
379
281
145
658
602
354
175.000
1954: January J_._,
February J..
March a___
A pril1_____
M ay J_____
June J.......... .
July * ...........
A ugusts___
Septem ber2.
October *....
250
400
350
375
450
500
550
575
550
550
500
200
i All work stoppages known to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and its
various cooperative agencies, involving six or more workers and lasting a
full day or shift or longer, are included in this report. Figures on “workers
involved” and “man-days idle” cover all workers made idle for as long as one
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Number
16, 900, 000
39, 700, 000
38, 000,000
116, 000, 000
34, 600, 000
34,100, 000
50, 500,000
38.800.000
22.900.000
59.100.000
28, 300, 000
1.130.000
2, 380,000
3.470.000
4, 600, 000
2,170, 000
1,960, 000
3,030, 000
2, 410, 000
1935-39 (average)
1947-49 (average)
1945..
. .......
1946..
. .......
1947
..
1948
.........
1949
.......
1950
.......
1951
.........
1952
.........
1953
.........
225
300
350
350
375
350
350
300
In effect dur
ing month
2. 220.000
3, 540,000
2, 400,000
240.000
175.000
173.000
1,650, 000
1, 570, 000
1,880, 000
80,000
50,000
150.000
1, 000, 000
150.000
750,000
1.300.000
130.000
180.000
180,000
230.000
140.000
130.000
170.000
200.000
1, 200,000
100.000
76, 300
100,000
100, 000
230.000
280.000
370.000
300, 000
280.000
280,000
1, 750,000
.
2 200.000
3.750.000
3.600.000
2.400.000
1.800.000
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
0.
.46
.47
1. 43
.41
.37
.59
.44
.23
.57
.26
.17
.18
.20
.12
.09
.14
.13
.21
.24
.43
.39
.27
.21
shift in establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure
the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose
employees are made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
1 Preliminary.
27
1428
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
F: Building and Construction
T able F -l: Expenditures for new construction 1
[Value of work put in place]
Expenditures (in millions)
Type of construction
1954
N ov.3 Oct.8
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
1953
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
1953
1952
Total
Total
Total new construction *______ ___________ $3,263 $3,477 $3,609 $3,604 $3, 512 $3,361 $3,102 $2, 798 $2, 559 $2,345 $2, 439 $2, 712 $3,024 $35, 256 $33,008
Private construction_____________________ 2,322 2,395 2, 437 2,434 2, 387 2, 278 2,122 1,927 1, 779 1,637 1,710 1,917 2,077 23,877 22,107
Residential building (nonfarm)________ 1,267 1,306 1,306 1,288 1,262 1,193 1,107
980
863
758
'816
951 L 034 11,930 11,100
New dwelling units______ _______ _ 1,150 1,180 1,175 1,150 1,120 1,050
970
860
770
675
730
850
915 10, 555
9,870
Additions and alterations_________
102
95
106
114
110
113
111
96
71
61
63
78
94 1,108
1 045
Nonhousekeeping
. . . _ _______
22
24
25
29
28
29
26
24
22
22
23
23
25
267
185
Nonresidential building (nonfarm)«___
541
551
551
552
549
528
490
464
469
474
486
507
523 5,680
5,014
Industrial_____________ __________
169
163
161
160
164
160
165
169
173
176
179
177
177 2. 229
2, 320
Commercial_______ ____________
200
207
197
203
207
189
167
151
154
157
164
182
1 137
192 1, 791
Warehouses, office, and loft
buildings_______ ________ _
94
89
89
81
76
88
72
69
70
73
75
79
79
739
515
Stores, restaurants, and garages.
106
108
118
119
122
113
95
82
84
84
89
103
113 1,052
622
0 ther n on resi den tial build in g ._____
182
181
184
185
185
175
158
144
142
141
143
148
154 1,660
1, 557
Religious____________________
59
58
57
55
51
46
42
40
41
40
42
45
46
472
399
Educational________ _________
54
53
54
53
51
47
43
39
38
38
39
40
41
426
351
Social and recreational_______
17
19
18
20
20
20
17
16
16
16
16
16
17
163
125
Hospital and institutional L._
29
29
29
29
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
317
394
Miscellaneous______ ________
24
22
25
34
34
28
28
22
21
20
20
21
24
282
288
Farm construction_______ ________
106
126
153
164
167
157
145
127
114
106
102
103
118 1, 731
1,905
Public utilities_____________________
386
410
415
415
400
389
371
348
326
292
299
347
393 4, 416
4,003
Railroad____ _______ __________
34
34
35
31
33
32
31
33
31
25
27
36
41
442
438
Telephone and telegraph ________
53
56
57
55
54
56
54
50
50
45
46
570
48
51
615
Other public utilities_____________
299
325
318
326
314
303
286
265
245
222
226
263
301 3, 359
2,995
All other private 8___________________
12
12
12
12
12
11
9
7
8
7
9
g
7
120
85
Public construction _____________ _______
941 1,082 1,172 1,170 1,125 1,083
980
871
780
708
729
795
947 11,379 10,901
Residential building 11___ . ________
24
23
23
26
26
29
31
32
34
35
36
39
43
556
654
Nonresidential building (other than
military facilities)_________________
424
360
391
423
407
395
387
375
367
347
354
350
353 4, 352
4,136
Industrial.
__________________
128
104
116
129
130
130
133
138
142
140
145
136
131 L 771
l ’ 684
Educational___ _________________
191
181
186
180
187
175
171
165
158
150
150
152
154 L 728
1, 619
Hospital and institutional________
27
31
33
35
33
33
33
29
26
23
23
353
473
23
23
Other nonresidential____________
72
48
58
71
65
57
50
43
41
34
36
39
360
45
500
Military facilities 10_________________
90
91
95
85
84
87
66
69
64
64
68
78
96 1, 307
1,
388
Highways. ________________________
300
390
445
440
415
385
320
230
160
125
130
174
286 3,165
2,820
Sewer and water_____ _____ _____ _
84
87
90
90
87
85
81
78
75
69
68
71
75
861
790
Miscellaneous public service enterprises n _______________ ____ . . . __
14
22
19
20
22
20
17
15
14
12
13
13
193
18
Conservation and development_______
60
64
66
69
69
67
63
59
53
46
51
61
854
66
830
All other public 11__________________
10
12
13
15
15
15
15
13
13
9
9
10
107
201
10
i Joint estimates of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of
Labor, and the Business and Defense Services Administration, U, S. Depart
ment of Commerce. Estimated construction expenditures represent the
monetary value of the volume of work accomplished during the given period
of time These figures should be differentiated from permit valuation data
reported in the tabulations for building permit activity (tables P-3, F-4,
and P-5) and the data on value of contract awards reported in table F-2.
3 Preliminary.
* Revised.
* Includes major additions and alterations.
1Includes hotels, dormitories, and tourist courts and cabins.
« Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential
building are included under “ Public utilities.”
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
66
7 Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
* Covers privately owned sewer and water facilities, roads and bridges, and
miscellaneous nonbuilding items such as parks and playgrounds.
e Includes non housekeeping public residential construction as well as
housekeeping units.
10 Covers all construction, building as well as nonbuiiding (except for
production facilities, which are included in public industrial building).
11 Covers primarily publicly owned airports, electric light and power
systems, and local transit facilities.
15 Covers public construction not elsewhere classified such as parks, play
grounds. and memorials.
1429
F : BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T able
F-2: Value of contracts awarded and force-account work started on federally financed new
construction, by type of construction 1
______ __ _________
Value (in thousands)
1953
1954
Type of construction
Sept. 2
Aug.3
July 3
June 3 M ay 3
Mar.
Apr.3
Feb
Oct.
N ov.
Dec.
Jan.
Sept.
19,53
1952
Total
Total
$320, 512 $171, 303 $3, 457. 466 $4.808,151
Total new construction4. $216,454 $187,271 $238,135 $361,182 $237,110 $400,886 $182, 918 $112, 333 $161, 616 $169, 447 $171,082
143,144
111,634
8, 554
648
6,
038
2,
778
11,
497
19,
241
8,
296
20,342
16,511
14,
584
12,928
11,219
Airfields 5 ......................... 14.197
168, 683 50, 338 1, 818, 626 2, 663, 802
57,217 46, 799 81, 501 142,254 81,341 218,371 55, 903 20, 672 84, 749 39,403 58, 957
Building________ _____
23, 071
15.
009
137
0
68
79
104
397
463
2,346
46
181
0
28
260
Residential_________
889 168, 683 50,201 1,803,617 2, 640, 731
Nonresidential---------- 56,957 46,771 81, 501 142,073 81, 295 216,025 55,440 20, 275 84, 645 39,324 58,
131,901
174, 305
11,051
7,712
10,
291
6,916
2,562
11,
051
3,
446
6,679
6,674
7,527
7,227
9.264
5,201
Educational8_____
Hospital and insti
214, 941
142,227
9,691
9, 627 10,033
9, 780
7,163
5. 977
1,879 10,318 28,068 18, 493 11,919 15, 084
4,246
tutional .................
Administrative and
43,450
45, 731
2,
512
14,
460
1,150
1,
873
2,145
3,117
1,
766
2,332
3,024
7,
549
3,
252
2,864
4,699
general7 ....... ........
Other nonresiden
1,441,3,54 2. 250, 439
26,
947
136,
478
37,821
20,
755
65,
472
8,784
33,
793
194,403
53,
796
98,929
60,
704
tial building___
38, 748 36, 827
78, 712
31Q
76, 292
4, 027
7, 474
1, 076
1, 382 12, 913
6,309 17, 220 10, 365
3, 611 16,047
508
1,656
Airfield buildings8
3,403 42,419 16, 476 23, 722 128, 400 13, 454 1,151, 882 1,409, 845
16,606 19, 515 19,261 44,098 20,463 142,848 11, 331
Industrial 9 .........
286.
525
60.
683
823
1.
176
1,002
372
2,483
1, 394
951
2.859
8,473
5,951
757
3, 210
8,556
279, 864
64, 767
3, 437
992
2, 758
751
2,617
511
5, 776
6,070 24,370
7,106
3, 376 25,077
1,612
195,493
5,206
87,
730
3,825
4,
631
2,080
2,094
5, 040
5, 370
7,106
10,318 10,218 11,998 25,727 12, 481
M iscellaneous10..
Conservation and de
291,831
225. 519
9, 729 27, 851 11, 940
4, 763 11, 252
7, 296
6, 510 29,939 16,842 23,292 12, 385
7,318
23, 555
velopment. ............. .
92, 916
63, 604
1,844
1,716
3, 673
7,701
1, 339
782
797
810
2,765
1,680 10,442
3,121
3,303
Reclamation-----------River, harbor, and
198, 915
161,915
10,
096
26.135
6,
056
3,
551
3,
424
6,
486
11,603
22,495
14.077
19,
497
4,830
4.197
20,252
flood control.............
176 66.407 97, 543 1, 050. 607 1.006, 453
Highways ................... . 112,886 115, 815 133,102 158,931 112,343 129, 794 90, 547 47, 679 50, 837 92, 047 88,
517, 690
557
156. 788
1,226 47. 237
3, 585 20,130
6, 905 13,413
4, 598
3,988
6,175
707
4,998
1,801
Electrification________
185 231
94 292
9 686
2 371
6
956
3
837
6.
185
4. 032
8. 882
4,489
6,085
All o th e r n
9,299
3,387
4,319
3,601
1 Excludes classified military projects, but includes projects for the Atomic
Energy Commission. Data for Federal-aid programs cover amounts con
tributed by both owner and the Federal Government. Force-account work
is done not through a contractor, but directly by a Government agency, using
a separate work force to perform nonmaintenance construction on the agency’s
own properties. Beginning with January 1953 data, awards with a value of
$25,000 or less are excluded; the combined value of such awards during 195153 amounted to less than 1 percent of the annual totals.
8 Preliminary.
5 Revised.
* Includes major additions and alterations.
* Excludes hangars and other buildings, which are included under ‘ Other
nonresidential” building construction.
T able
provides aid for areas affected by Federal Government activities.
7 Includes armories, offices, and customhouses.
8 Includes all buildings on civilian airports and military airfields and air
bases with the exception of barracks and other troop housing, which are in
cluded under “ Troop housing.”
.
9 Covers all industrial plants under Federal Government ownership, in
cluding those which are privately operated.
i° Includes types of buildings not elsewhere classified.
li Includes sewer and water projects, railroad construction, and other types
of projects not elsewhere classified.
F-3: Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction, type of building, and
______________ _____
location in metropolitan areas 1
Valuation (in millions)
1954
Class of construction and type of building
Apr.
Mar.
July
June
M ay
All building construction--------------------------------------------------- $1,529.0
$1,519.2
$1,649.1
$1,426.4
$1,519.4
$1,426.5
921.7
913.5
899.3
843.9
17.7
6.3
31.5
14.2
8.2
467.5
142.6
9.6
3.3
12.2
41.3
76.2
166.4
106.6
24.5
35.3
18.2
51.0
48.7
20.7
19.8
139.8
923.7
908.3
892.4
824.5
19.7
6.3
41.9
15.9
15.4
455.6
189.0
7.2
6.4
11.0
90.6
73.8
162.9
109.3
20.4
33.2
17.6
47.3
13.9
11.6
13.3
139.9
1,005.4
996.5
961.0
890.8
19.1
6.9
44.2
35.5
8.9
485.7
130.8
15.2
3.1
11.3
28.0
73.3
203.9
103.6
61.0
39.3
17.3
57.5
29.0
21.4
25.8
158.0
868.9
859.3
851.0
791.3
18.0
6.7
34.9
8.3
9.6
428.2
128.4
13.1
6.3
10.0
30.8
68.2
155.1
93.5
24.0
37.7
17.0
75.7
11.9
24.8
15.2
129.3
923.0
909.7
900.4
831.8
20.3
8.8
39.6
y. 3
13.3
457.2
148.3
12.3
6.9
11.6
29.4
88.2
180.3
114.6
36.7
28.9
15. 9
52.5
21.8
20.4
18.0
139.2
854.2
839.5
822.0
747. 9
20. 7
9.0
44.4
17.5
14. /
448.2
133.1
13.1
7.2
9. 9
28.1
/4 .9
180.9
110.8
42.6
27.5
11.9
73. 3
13.0
18.8
17.1
124.1
Aug.
Feb.
Jan.
First 8
months
$975.6
$910.9
$10,956.1
495.3
484.6
467. 9
396.0
12.6
7.5
51.8
16.7
10.7
329.0
80.8
4.0
1.9
6.3
20.2
48.4
143.0
95.2
28.5
19.3
4.8
56.3
14.4
6,569.8
6.482.4
6,354.1
5.831.4
142. 5
57.3
323.0
128.3
87.4
3,371.4
1,046.8
78.3
38.0
79. 2
296.4
555.2
1,305.4
814.7
250. 3
240.4
17.3
139.7
1,014.9
United States total
N6W residential building
__________ ______ _____
N gw dwelling unit** (housekeeping only)
_____
Privately owned
____ - _____
-- -1-family
_______________ _______ -2-family
_______ _______
___ _ 3- and 4-family
--- _ _ ----- ------------ -5- r»r-morP family
_ _ ______________________
Publicly owned
- --________
Nonhousekeeping buildings
__
_ ______ —
N ew nonresidential building
_________ - —
Commercial bnildings
_ _ _ _ _ ______
_____ ________ _ _ __
Ammsèment bnildings
Commp.rcml garages
________________ - -Gasoline and servira stations
_ __ ______ ___ _ Office bnildings
__ ____ ___ - —
Stores and other mercantile buildings
_ __ _ __
Hommunity bnildings
_ ___ _ _ ________
Educational bnildings
_ __________________
Institutional buildings
_ _________________
Peligious bnildings
_ _____ _ -- ___________
Garages privata residential
_____ ______ _ —
Industrial buildings
_____ ___________ —
Public buildings
______ ___ - --------_________ _____ ____
Public utilities bnildings
_____ ____ ___
All other nonresidential buildings
Additions .alterations, and repairs,-----------------------------------See footnote at end of table.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
577.6
571.0
560.1
5UÒ. 'A
14.4
5.8
34.7
10.9
6.6
300.0
93.8
3.8
2.9
6.9
28.0
52.2
112.9
81.1
12.6
19.2
6.8
28.7
33.1
11.5
13.2
98.0
1430
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
F-3: Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction, type of building, and
location in metropolitan areas *•—Continued
Valuation (in millions)
1954
Class of construction and type of building
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
First 8
months
Metropolitan area to ta l2
All building construction___ ____ _______
N ew residential building________ ____ ___
N ew dwelling units (housekeeping only)
Privately ow ned-________ __________
1- fam ily..............................................
2- fam ily_______________________
3- and 4-family..........- .........................
5- or-more fam ily__________________
Publicly owned_________ _______ ____
Nonhousekeeping buildings__________
N ew nonresidential building_____________
Commercial buildings______________
Amusement buildings______________
Commercial garages_________________
Gasoline and service stations___ _____
Office buildings_____________________
Stores and other mercantile buildings.Community buildings.......... ............... .......
Educational buildings_______________
Institutional buildings_______________
Religious buildings__________________
Garages, private residential.........................
Industrial buildings.......................... ............
Public buildings____________ _______
Public utilities buildings..............................
All other nonresidential buildings______
Additions, alterations, and repairs________
. $1,226.7
$1,227. 9
$1, 304. 2
$1,099. 7
$1,211.8
$1,146. 2
$774. 6
$760.8
$8, 751.9
750.2
745.1
731. 3
681.7
15.1
5. 4
29.2
13.8
5.2
367.0
111.2
7.3
2.6
8.1
32.8
60.4
132.1
83.3
22.5
26.4
14.5
40.0
40.9
13.4
14.8
109.5
762.1
750.0
734.2
671.2
.17.1
5. 4
40.5
15.8
12.1
355.8
160.4
4.7
5.6
7.1
84.6
58.5
112.2
77.4
9.9
25.0
14.0
40. 7
8.8
9.6
9.9
110.1
826.1
820.3
786.9
722.2
16.9
5.7
42.1
33.4
5.8
356.4
96.9
8.3
2.5
6.7
23.1
56.4
145.4
72.4
47.8
25.3
14.0
46.0
14.5
19.4
20.2
121.8
706.1
700.4
692.2
637.9
15.4
5.2
33.7
8.2
5.7
293.4
95.7
6. 1
5.1
6.1
24.3
54.1
104.5
61.6
16.4
26.5
13.6
51.6
6.1
11.6
10.3
100.3
759.0
751. 4
743.1
679.7
17.4
7.4
38.6
8.4
7.6
345.1
118.0
7.6
6.2
6.8
24.5
73.0
126.6
79.6
26.4
20.6
12.5
43.7
15.9
14.9
13.6
107.6
704.2
694.0
677.1
609.2
17.1
8.0
42.8
16.9
10.2
343.0
104.3
11.3
6.6
6.3
23.2
56.9
126.6
74.6
31.9
20.1
9.4
66.6
8.4
14.1
13.6
99.0
477.7
474.3
463.4
412.4
12.2
5.1
33.7
10.9
3.4
218.7
72.7
2.3
2.6
4.0
23.7
40.2
78.4
55.6
8.1
14.7
5.4
21.8
23.3
8.2
8.8
78.3
421.9
412.9
396.5
328.8
11.1
5.4
51.3
16.5
9.0
268.6
64.2
3.1
1.7
4.0
16.7
38.6
114.2
77.9
20.5
15.7
3.8
52.3
10.5
9.6
14.1
70.3
5,407.3
5, 348.4
5,224. 7
4, 743.1
122.3
47.6
311.9
123.9
59.0
2, 548.0
823.4
50.7
32.9
49.1
252.9
438.1
940.0
582.4
183.5
174.3
87.2
362.7
128.4
100.8
105.3
796.9
1
Total in central cities of metropolitan areas
All building construction_______________
$460.6
$471. 5
$523.8
$391.0
$445. 8
$438.4
$322. 3
$330. 5
$3,383.9
N ew residential building________________
N ew dwelling units (housekeeping only)
Privately owned_________ ____ ______
1- fam ily____________ ______ ____
2- fam ily_____________ _________
3- and 4-family____________ ______
5- or-more fam ily__________________
Publicly owned____________ _______ _
Nonhousekeeping buildings____________
N ew nonresidential building_____________
Commercial buildings_________________
Amusement buildings..... ....................
Commercial garages........................... ......
Gasoline and service stations_________
Office buildings_____________________
Stores and other mercantile buildings..
Community buildings_________________
Educational buildings_______________
Institutional buildings_______________
Religious buildings__________________
Garages, private residential____________
Industrial buildings___________________
Public buildings_____________ ____ ____
Public utilities buildings______________
All other nonresidential buildings______
Additions, alterations, and repairs________
211.3
208.2
196.1
166.9
7.4
2.4
19.4
12.1
3.1
184.6
61. 4
3. 6
1. 7
4.1
18.5
33.6
62. 4
30. 9
18.8
12. 7
4. 9
12. 7
33. 5
4.1
5. 6
64.7
223.5
221.3
205.5
165. 9
9.2
2.1
28.2
15.8
2.2
182.0
94.2
2.8
4.3
3.3
58.2
25.5
49.3
30.6
5. 7
13.0
4.7
19.2
4.8
5.9
3.9
66.0
255.4
252.6
221.5
180.4
9.7
1.9
29.5
31.1
2.7
193.3
53.3
4.3
1.7
3.1
15.7
28.6
90.1
38.2
38.6
13.3
5.1
14.9
4.0
13.2
12.7
75.1
201.8
198.8
192.3
157.9
7.6
1.9
24.9
6.5
3.1
129.5
54.3
1.5
4.3
2.9
18.4
27.1
43.8
22.2
8.3
13.4
4.7
17.3
.5
4.8
4.1
59.6
223.6
218.6
211.3
171.5
9.0
3.4
27.3
7.3
5.0
158.3
57.3
3.6
5.4
3.0
17.4
27.9
62.8
35.8
16.1
10.9
4.5
16.4
2.6
7.2
7.4
63.9
219.7
213.3
196.5
160.0
8.9
2.9
24.7
16.9
6.4
159.9
59.1
9.4
5.4
2.7
14.3
27.2
73.5
39.8
23.3
10.4
3.4
9.2
2.7
4.0
8.0
58.7
151.7
149.7
139.9
110.8
5.7
1.9
21.4
9.7
2.0
119.8
39.4
1.2
1.5
1.7
19.3
15.6
43.3
29.6
4.7
9.0
2.1
9.8
20.8
2.1
2.3
50.8
146.1
143.9
128.2
84.0
4.6
2.0
37.5
15.7
2.2
137.9
36.1
2.2
1.0
1.9
12.3
18.8
61.7
35. 7
18.0
8.0
1.9
22.7
3.0
4.6
8.0
46.5
1, 633.1
1,606.4
lj 491.3
1, 197.4
62.1
18.5
212.9
115.1
26.7
1, 265.3
455.1
28.6
25.3
22. 7
174.1
204. 3
486.9
262.8
133. 5
90. 7
31. 3
122.2
71. 9
45. 9
52.0
485.3
1 These statistics on building construction authorized by local building
permits measure building activity in all localities having building-permit
systems—rural nonfarm as well as urban. Such localities (over 7,000) in
clude about 80 percent of the nonfarm population of the country, according
to the 1950 Census. The data cover both federally and nonfederally owned
projects. Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded for Fed
eral projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) in permit
issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered by
builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects-
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
construction undertaken by State and local governments is reported by
local officials. N o adjustment has been made in the building-permit data
to reflect the fact that permit valuations generally understate the actual
cost of construction, nor for lapsed, permits or the lag between permit issuance or contract-award dates and start of construction. Therefore, they
should not be considered as representing the volume of building construction
started. Components may not always equal totals because of rounding.
2 Comprised of the 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in the 1950
Census.
1431
F: BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T
able
F —4 : B u i l d i n g p e r m i t a c t i v i t y : N u m b e r o f n e w d w e l l in g u n i t s , b y o w n e r s h ip , t y p e o f s t r u c t u r e ,
a n d lo c a tio n in m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s 1
Number of new dwelling units (housekeeping only)
Ownership and type of structure
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
First 8
months
Feb.
Jan.
66,148
64,926
55,179
2,472
1,191
6,084
1,222
56,485
54,665
43,731
2,073
1,402
7,459
1,820
714,848
700,345
613,223
22,827
10,861
53,434
14, 503
53,132
51,910
43.004
2,042
1,018
5,846
1,222
46,662
44,868
34, 664
1,768
1,087
7,349
1,794
572,932
558, 938
480,095
18,825
8,950
51,068
13,994
17, 549
15,819
9,446
770
360
5,243
1,730
187, 637
174, 575
127,815
9,782
3,449
33, 529
13,062
United States total
All new dwelling units.........................................................................
Privately owned.......................- ........................... ..................—3- and 4 -fa m ily ...---------- ------------ ------ - ...........- ...........5- or-more family---- --------- ------------------------------------Publicly owned........................................... - .........- ......................
Q8 590
Qfi 91 ñ
87J385
2 786
1 234
h ñlO
b 675
98,059
96, 218
85,094
3', 052
b 186
6,886
1,841
108,121
104,236
93, 043
2,954
1,268
6,971
3; 885
92,263
91,260
81, 547
2,887
1,217
5,609
1,003
100,187
99,081
88,221
3,192
1,532
6,136
1,106
94,995
93,044
79,023
3,411
1,831
8, 779
1,951
Metropolitan area to ta l2
All new dwelling units------------------------- ---------------------------Privately ow ned.------ ------------------------------- ----------------2-family-------------------------------------------------------------3- and 4-fam ily..--------------------------------------------------Publicly owned...............................................- .............................
77,891
7fi 269
67 ’ 939
2, 278
1 026
6 027
1,622
79,132
77,292
67! 087
2, 553
1,008
6,644
1,840
86,357
82, 743
72! 744
2,505
1,035
6,459
3,614
72,875
71,879
63,241
2,351
914
5,373
996
80,489
79,484
69, 635
2,623
1,277
5,949
1,005
76,394
74,493
61, 781
2, 705
1,586
8,421
1,901
Total in central cities of metropolitan areas
All new dwelling u n its..........................- ............ - .............................
Privately owned--------------------------------------------------------3- and 4-family......... ....................—---------------------------5- or-more fam ily-------------------------------------- -----------Publicly owned................................................. - .........................
' See table F-3, footnote 1.
T
able
24 012
22 660
li, 594
1 116
464
3 376
1,462
25,537
23, 697
17,340
l! 446
' 390
4, 521
1,840
28,649
25! 261
19! 082
1,486
345
4,348
3,388
22,856
22,119
16,683
1,214
343
3,879
737
25,349
24,446
18,396
1,379
589
4,082
903
25,271
23,370
17,262
1,407
571
4,130
1,901
18,414
17,313
12,012
964
387
3,950
1,101
2 Comprised of the 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in the 1950 Census.
F - 5 : B u ild in g p e r m it a c t iv i t y : V a lu a t io n , b y c la s s o f c o n s t r u c t io n a n d g e o g r a p h ic r e g io n 1
Valuation (in millions)
1954
Class of construction and geographic region
All building construction 2..........................
Northeast_______________ ____ ____
N orth Central-----------------------------South____________________________
W e st.................................................—
N ew dwelling units (housekeeping only).
N ortheast_____________________ —
N orth Central-----------------------------South.......................................- ..............
\ y es^ __________________________
N ew nonresidential buildings--------------N ortheast________________________
N orth Central-----------------------------South........................................................
W est------------ ------ ----------------------Additions, alterations, and repairs.........
N ortheast________________________
N orth C entral.—.................— ...........
South___________________________
W est..........................................................
1See table F-3, footnote 1.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
$1,529. 0
' 353.2
478.2
353.9
343.7
913. 5
203.7
284.1
214.0
$1, 519.2
369.0
465.5
346.6
338.0
908.3
204.8
285.5
203.9
214.0
455.6
127.9
134.2
98.8
94.7
139.9
34.6
41.2
37.1
27.1
$1, 649.1
346.4
491.7
423.2
387.8
996.5
228.6
306.5
223.4
238.0
485.7
80.4
137.1
155.0
113.2
158.0
35.8
45.0
43.0
34.1
$1,426.4
319.2
460.0
336.2
311.0
859.3
194.2
277.9
186.7
200.5
428.2
89.3
142.2
114.7
81.9
129.3
34.7
35.8
32.2
26.6
$1, 519.4
356.4
874.9
342.8
341.4
909.7
199.3
293.3
193.9
223.3
457.2
$1,426. 5
322.0
408.4
369.9
326.2
839.5
199.9
231.6
205.5
202.5
448.2
91.7
141.0
125.7
89.8
124.1
27.9
30.4
34.7
31.1
211.8
467.5
117.1
152.6
100.8
97.1
139.8
31.3
39.3
36.8
32.3
122.1
141.5
110.1
83.5
139.2
31.2
42.0
36.0
30.0
2Includes new nonhousekeeping residential building, not shown separately.
Feb.
Jan.
First 8
months
$975. 6
$910.9
219.1
220.4
252.9
218.5
484.6
$10,956.1
2,497.3
3,252.6
2, 699.3
2, 507.0
6,482.4
1,464.6
1,934.0
1, 513.1
1, 570.9
3,371.4
781.8
1,016.6
883.0
690.0
1, 014.9
236.9
277.4
274.6
225.8
212.0
249.5
273.8
240.4
571.0
121.3
140.4
160.8
148.6
300.0
65.8
82.6
83.8
67.8
98.0
23.4
24.9
27.0
22.6
112.8
114.7
124.9
132.2
329.0
87.5
85.4
94.1
62.0
86.6
18.0
18.8
27.8
22.0
1432
T
able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, DECEMBER 1954
F -6 : N u m b er and
c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t o f n e w p e r m a n e n t n o n f a r m d w e l l in g u n i t s s t a r t e d , b y
u r b a n o r r u r a l lo c a tio n , a n d b y s o u r c e o f fu n d s 1 '
Number of new dwelling units started
Estimated construction cost
(in thousands)3
All units
Privately owned
Publicly owned
Period
Total
non
farm
Urban
Rural
non
farm
Total
non
farm
Urban
Rural
non
farm
Total
non
farm
Urban
Rural
non
farm
1925................. ....................................._
1933 3_____ ______ ______________
1941 4.......... .........................................
1944 *______ _____ ______________
1946___________________________
1947___________________________
1948............... ........................................
1949..................................- .................. 1950 «__________________________
1951_________ ____ _____________
1952__________ _____ ___________
1953............... ........................................
937, 000
93.000
706, 100
141,800
670, 500
849, 000
931,600
1,025. 100
1,396,000
1,091,300
1,127, 000
1,103, 800
752,000
45,000
434.300
96,200
403, 700
479, 800
524, 900
588,800
827, 800
595, 300
609,600
565,000
185,000
48, 000
271.800
45, 600
266,800
369,200
406, 700
436. 300
568, 200
496,000
517.400
538,800
937,000
93, 000
619. 500
138, 700
662,500
845, 600
913. 500
988,800
1,352, 200
1, 020,100
1,068, 500
1,068,300
752,000
45, 000
369, 500
93, 200
395, 700
476, 400
510, 000
656, 600
785, 600
531,300
654, 600
533, 200
185,000
48,000
250, 000
45. 500
266,800
369,200
403, 500
432, 200
666, 600
488, 800
513, 900
535,100
0
0
86, 600
3,100
8,000
3, 400
18,100
36, 300
43, 800
71, 200
58, 500
35,500
0
0
64,800
3.000
8,000
3,400
14, 900
32, 200
42, 200
64,000
65,000
31,800
0
0
21,800
100
0
0
3, 200
4,100
1,600
7, 200
3, 500
3, 700
1:953: First quarter................. ..........
January. _______________
February_______________
March_________ ________
Second quarter____________
A pril___________________
M ay___________________
June______________ _____
Third quarter-. __________
July..... ...................................
August____________ _____
September______________
Fourth quarter____________
October__________ ______
Novem her______________
December_______________
257,100
72,100
79, 200
105, 800
324,300
111,400
108. 300
104,600
285, 000
96, 700
93, 200
95,100
237, 400
90,100
81, 500
65,800
140,600
38,400
43,100
59, 100
165,900
57, 400
55, 200
53, 300
141,600
48, 100
46, 400
47,100
116. 900
43, 100
38. 800
35,000
116, 500
33, 700
36,100
46, 700
158, 400
54,000
53,100
51,300
143,400
48, 600
46, 800
48. 000
120, 500
47, 000
42,700
30,800
238,100
68, 200
73, 800
96,100
315, 000
107, 400
105, 600
102, 000
280, 700
96, 400
92, 200
92,100
234, 500
90, 100
79, 600
64,500
123. 800
35, 400
38, 600
49, 800
158, 000
54,100
52, 500
51, 400
137,300
47, 800
45.400
44,100
114.100
43. 100
37, 200
33, 800
114,300
32, 800
35,200
46,300
157,000
53, 300
53,100
50, 600
143. 400
48, 600
46, 800
48,000
120, 400
47,000
42, 700
30,700
19,000
3, 900
5, 400
9, 700
9,300
4,000
2, 700
2, 600
4,300
300
1,000
3,000
2, 900
(D
1,600
1,300
16, 800
3,000
4, 500
9, 300
7,900
3, 300
2, 700
1,900
4,300
300
1,000
3, 000
2, 800
2,200
900
900
400
1.400
700
P)
700
P)
1,600
1,200
0
100
* The estimates shown here do not include temporary units, conversions,
dormitory accommodations, trailers, or military barracks. They do include
prt fabricated housing units.
These estimates are based on building-permit records, which, beginning
with 1945, have been adjusted for lapsed permits and for lag between permit
issuance and start of construction. They are based also on reports of Federal
construction contract awards and beginning in 1946 on field surveys in non
permit-issuing places. The data in this table refer to nonfarm dwelling units
started, and not to urban dwelling units authorized, as shown in table F-3.
All of these estimates contain some error. For example, if the estimate
T
able
F -7 :
P)
P)
P)
P)
100
P)
Total
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
$4,475,000 $4, 475,000
285. 446
285,446
2,826,192 2, 530. 765
496,054
483,231
3, 769. 767 3, 713, 776
5, 643, 436 5, 617, 425
7,203,119 7, 028, 980
7, 702, 971 7, 374,269
11,788,595 11,418,371
9,800.892 9.186,123
10, 208, 983 9, 706, 276
10, 488,003 10,181,185
2,346, 213
641, 703
720, 234
984. 276
3, 083. 256
1,057,899
1,027,221
998, 136
2, 777, 607
941,943
911,681
923,983
2, 280, 927
883, 455
777, 479
619, 993
0
0
$295,427
12, 823
55,991
26,011
174,139
328, 702
370, 224
614, 769
502, 707
306,818
2,183, 710
610,344
674, 399
898. 967
3,000, 120
1,022, 836
1,001,693
975, 591
2, 739, 268
938,871
602, 501
897, 896
2, 258, 087
882, 838
764,774
610, 475
162, 503
31,359
45, 835
85, 309
83,136
35,063
25, 528
22, 545
38, 339
3. 072
9, 180
26, 087
22, 840
617
12, 705
9,518
of nonfarm starts is 100,000, the chances are about 19 out of 20 that an actual
enumeration would produce a figure between 96,000 and 104,000.
3 Private construction costs are based on permit valuation, adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construction
costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for
Individual projects.
3 Depression, low year.
4 Recovery peak year prior to wartime limitations.
s Last full year under wartime control
6 Housing peak year.
7 Less than 50 units.
N u m b e r o f n e w p e r m a n e n t n o n f a r m d w e l l i n g u n i t s s t a r t e d , b y o w n e r s h ip a n d l o c a t i o n ,
a n d c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t 1
Number of new dwelling units started
Period
Total
1954: First quarter________
January__________
February_________
March_________ _
Second q u a rter ....___
April... __________
M a y _______ ______
June...........................
Third quarter 8 _____
July 4-------------------A ugust3_________
September 3_______
Fourth quarter______
October 3 _________
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
Metro
politan
places
Nonmetro North
politan
east
places
236,800
66, 400
75, 200
95, 200
332, 700
107, 700
108, 500
116,500
341.000
116.000
111,000
114,000
232, 200
65, 100
73, 900
93, 200
326,500
106, 500
107, 400
112,600
334, 600
112, 900
109,800
111, 900
4,600
1,300
1,300
2, 000
6,200
1,200
1, 100
3,900
6,400
3,100
1,200
2,100
174,300
49, 700
53, 500
71,100
244,000
79, 400
77, 100
87,500
250,000
87, 500
79,500
83,000
62, 500
16, 700
21, 700
24,100
88,700
28, 300
31, 400
29,000
91, 000
28, 500
31,500
31,000
106,000
105,800
200
80,600
25, 400
1 This new series on housing starts begins with January 1954 data, and is
continuous with statistics for earlier dates except that the urban-rural non
farm distribution shown previously is replaced by metropolitan-nonmetro
politan and regional data. The new series is based on recently revised esti
mating techniques which combine (1) a monthly reporting system expanded
to include almost all building-permit-issuing localities (accounting for nearly
80 percent of total nonfarm population), with (2) field surveys of dwelling-unit
starts in nonpermit-issuing places—based on a newly designed sample of
counties that permits more efficient operations and a greater degree of accu
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Estimated construction cost
(In thousands)3
Location
North
Central
South
West
47, 400
13,000
13,300
21, 100
67,300
21, 700
21,600
24,000
52,700
13, 300
16,200
23, 200
98,400
31,100
32, 900
34,400
77,600
22, 500
26,100
29, 000
90,900
29, 300
30,000
31,600
25,300
33, 300
32, 200
59,100 $2,240,448 $2,199,446
17,600
618,313
605, 951
19, 600
701, 934
690, 760
21,900
920, 201
902, 735
76,100 3,457,044 3,401,371
25, 600 1,115,897 1,104, 645
24, 000 1,130, 944 1,122,133
26,500 1,210,203 1,174,593
3, 507, 714 3,447,640
25, 200 1,161,356 1,130, 875
1,157,684 1,147,410
P)
1,188, 674 1,169,355
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
Total
P)
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
P)
$41,002
12,362
11, 174
17, 466
55,673
11,252
8, 811
35,610
60,074
30,481
10,274
19,319
P)
racy than previously. The error in the total private nonfarm estimate due to
sampling in the nonpermit segment is such that for an estimate of 100,000
starts the chances are about 19 out of 20 that a complete enumeration of all
nonpermit areas would result in a total private nonfarm figure between 98,000
and 102,000. For metropolitan-nonmetropolitan or regional components, the
relative error is somewhat larger. Data on type of structure (1-family houses
versus rental type structures) are available on request.
2 See table F-5, footnote 2.
3 Preliminary.
4 Revised.
3 N ot yet available.
1!. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1934
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