Full text of Monthly Labor Review : December 1952, Vol. 75, No. 6
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Monthly
Labor
Review
KALAMAZOO
JAN 101953
PUBLIC LIBRARY
D E C E M B E R 1 9 5 2 VOL. 75 N O .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Mobility of Tool and Die Makers
Displaced-Person Integration Into U. S. Economic Life
Wage Differences Among 40 Labor Markets
Shift Operations in the Metalworking Industries
U N IT E D STATES D EP A R TM EN T OF LABOR
Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
M aurice J. Tobin , Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E
w an
C lague,
Commissioner
A r y n e s s J oy W ic k e n s ,
Deputy Commissioner
Assistant Commissioners
H erm an
B. B y e r
H e n r y J . F it z g e r a l d
C harles
D . St ew a r t
Chief Statistician
S a m u e l W e is s
H. M. D outy, Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
W. D uane E vans, Chief, Division of Interindustry Economics
E dward D. H ollander, Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
R ichard P. J ones, Chief, Division of Administrative Services
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Division of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbaum, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
D ’Alton B. M yers, Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
D avid J. Saposs, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
W alter W. Schneider , Acting Chief, Division of Construction Statistics
Oscar W eioert, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
F aith M. W illiams, Chief, Office of Labor Economics
Seymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
REGIONAL OFFICES
NEW ENGLAND REGION
W endell D. M acdonald
261 Franklin Street
Boston 10, Mass.
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Maine
Vermont
SOUTHERN REGION
B runswick A. B agdon
Room 664
50 Seventh Street, NE.
Atlanta 5, Ga.
Alabama
North Carolina
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Florida
South Carolina
Georgia
Tennessee
Louisiana
Texas
Maryland
Virginia
Mississippi
West Virginia
District of Columbia
MID-ATLANTIC REGION
R obert R. B ehlow
Room 1000
341 Ninth Avenue
New York 1, N. Y.
Delaware
Pennsylvania
NORTH CENTRAL REGION
Adolph O. B erger
Tenth Floor
105 West Adams Street
Chicago 3, 111.
Illinois
Missouri
Indiana
Montana
Iowa
Nebraska
Kansas
Ohio
Kentucky
North Dakota
Michigan
South Dakota
Minnesota
Wisconsin
WESTERN REGION
M ax D. K ossoris
Room 1074
870 Market Street
San Francisco 2, Ci
Arizona
California
Colorado
Idaho
Nevada
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. O.
Subscription price per year—$6.25 domestic; $7.75 foreign.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
New Jersey
New York
Price 55 cents a copy.
New Mextc
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
Monthly Labor Review
U N ITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR . BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Lawrence R. K lein, Editor
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
KALAMAZOO
CONTENTS
JAij 10 1351
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Special Articles
605
611
The Mobility of Tool and Die Makers
Integration of Displaced Persons Into U. S. Economic Life
Summaries of Studies and Reports
615
620
623
626
629
630
637
639
641
644
647
Shift Operations in the Metalworking Industries, 1951
Wage Differences Among 40 Labor Markets
State Unemployment Insurance Laws, September 1, 1952
Wages in Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, April 1952
Earnings in the Wood-Furniture Industry, July 1952
Wage Chronology No. 32: American Viscose Corp., 1945-51
Wage Chronology No. 15: New York City Printing, Supplement 1
The Twenty-third Convention of the I AM
1952 Convention of the United Mine Workers of America
Injury Rates in Manufacturing, Second Quarter 1952
Ceiling Price Regulations Numbers 162-177
Departments
in
649
653
656
659
666
The Labor Month in Review
Recent Decisions of Interest to Labor
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Publications of Labor Interest
Current Labor Statistics (list of tables)
December 1952 • Voi. 75 • No. 6
Now Available
Community Wage Studies
for 40 Major Labor Market Areas
• These bulletins, for sale at the indicated prices, provide, for each area,
cross-industry averages and distributions by earnings, classes for office, pro
fessional, technical, maintenance, power plant, custodial, warehouse, and
shipping jobs.
• Separate data (where possible) for manufacturing, utilities, trade, finance,
and services.
• Summaries of prevailing work schedules, shift differentials, vacations,
sick leave, benefit plans, and other practices.
• Special information on important local occupations and union wage
scales.
Order only from S u per in ten d en t of D ocuments , W ashington 25, D. C.
I ndicate BLS B u lletin N um ber and D esired Q uantity
Area
BLS
Price
Bull. No. (.cents)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N. Y---------------Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa_________
Atlanta, Ga_____________________________
Birmingham, Ala________________________
Boston, Mass___________________________
Buffalo, N. Y ___________________________
Chicago, 111_____________________________
Cincinnati, Ohio_________________________
Cleveland, Ohio_________________________
Columbus, Ohio_________________________
Denver, Colo____________________________
Detroit, Mich___________________________ '
Hartford, Conn__________________________
Houston, Tex___________________________
Indianapolis, Ind------------------------------------Jacksonville, Fla________________________
Kansas City, Mo-------- --------- ------------------Los Angeles, Calif_______________________
Louisville, Ky----------------------------------------Memphis, Tenn_________________________
ii
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1108
1111
1102
1107
1106
1085
1105
1096
1056
1109
1066
1086
1059
1084
1075
1110
1064
1094
1112
1067
15
15
15
15
25
25
25
20
25
20
20
25
20
20
20
15
20
25
20
15
Area
Milwaukee, Wis_________________________
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn______________
Newark-Jersey City, N. J ________________
New Orleans, La________________________
New York, N. Y __________________ ______
Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va_________________
Oklahoma City, Okla____________________
Philadelphia, Pa_________________________
Phoenix, Ariz___________________________
Pittsburgh, P a---------------------------------------Providence, R. I _________________________
Richmond, Va___________________________
Rochester, N. Y _________________________
St. Louis, Mo___________________________
Salt Lake City, U tah____________________
San Francisco-Oakland, Calif-------------------Scranton, Pa____________________________
Seattle, Wash___________________________
Trenton, N. J___________________________
Worcester, Mass_________________________
BLS
Price
Bull. No. (cents)
1099
1068
1081
1074
1101
1088
1070
1060
1103
1082
1071
1058
1087
1095
1069
1076
1078
1057
1104
1077
20
25
25
15
3
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
The Labor Month
in Review
S ig nificant personnel changes occurred affecting
American labor. Following the death of AFL
president William Green, secretary-treasurer
George Meany was named head of the AFL.
Bakery Workers’ president William F. Schnitzler
was selected to fill Mr. Meany’s post. The CIO
convention chose Auto Workers’ president Walter
P. Reuther to lead the CIO. After White House
approval of the full $1.90 hourly wage increase for
soft-coal miners, Wage Stabilization Board Chair
man Archibald Cox and the WSB industry
members resigned. President-elect Dwight D.
Eisenhower designated AFL Plumbers’ president
Martin P. Durkin as his Secretary of Labor.
William Green
William Green, 82, president of the American
Federation of Labor since 1924, died only 12 days
after CIO president Philip Murray. He had
served for years with Mr. Murray and John L.
Lewis in the leadership of the United Mine
Workers. Their paths diverged when the CIO
was created in 1935. Through devotion to the
cause of labor, Mr. Green had risen to the leader
ship of the world’s largest trade-union organization.
Mr. Green saw American workers make vast
gains. He also saw the AFL turn from complete
voluntarism toward a welfare-state orientation.
Although Mr. Green was regarded as a “ conserva
tive” by many, he had moved forward quietly at
the helm of the AFL, pioneering and consolidating
gains and changes.
New AFL Leadership
Four days after Mr. Green’s death, the AFL
executive council chose George Meany, 58, as
president. It elected William F. Schnitzler, presi
dent of the AFL Bakery Workers, to complete
Mr. Meany’s term as secretary-treasurer.
Mr. Meany announced that he would do his
utmost to fulfill the federation’s responsibilities
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
to its own members, to the Nation at large, and to
the free world. He pledged AFL support to Presi
dent-elect Eisenhower, stating that the federation
would continue its efforts to make America a
better place to live. He indicated that the AFL
will press for its legislative program and will be
prepared to defend itself against those who would
destroy labor’s standards.
He announced a renewed drive for labor unity,
recognizing that the AFL and CIO should negoti
ate for unity as established organizations. CIO
Convention.
As a result of the first roll-call vote in its history,
the CIO elected the United Auto Workers’ Walter
P. Reuther to succeed Philip Murray as president.
Mr. Reuther, 45, received 3,079,181 of the allo
cated votes to 2,613,103 for CIO executive vice
president Allan S. Haywood who was elected
executive vice president; James B. Carey was
re-elected secretary-treasurer.
Through constitutional amendments, Mr. Hay
wood’s office was made elective and given
defined duties in charge of CIO organizational and
field staffs; more frequent meetings of the CIO
vice presidents and of the full CIO executive board
were voted.
The CIO resolved to resume unity negotiations
with the AFL. Soon after the convention had
adjourned, Mr. Meany announced he would meet
with Mr. Reuther early in 1953 to explore the
possibilities of labor unity.
The CIO convention urged that wage and price
controls be abandoned. Renewed organization
drives among white collar workers and in the South
were planned. The work of the Political Action
Committee will be intensified. The guaranteed
annual wage was set as a goal and a program of
social, economic, and industrial reform outlined.
Martin P. Durkin
Martin P. Durkin, 58, newly designated Secre
tary of Labor, began his union career in 1921.
For 20 years he was business manager of Local 597,
AFL Plumbers. He became vice president of the
Chicago Building Trades Council in 1927. In
1933, Mr. Durkin was named Illinois State Direc
tor of Labor, serving under Governors Horner,
Stell, and Green. He was elected secretarym
IV
THE LAB O R MONTH IN R E V IE W
treasurer of the Plumbers in 1941 and general
president 2 years later He was a member of the
War Labor Board and adviser to the Labor
Delegate to the International Labor Organization.
A life-long Democrat, Mr. Durkin stated that
he hopes to act as a “peacemaker” between labor
and the new administration and that he would be
a “good team member” in the cabinet. He hopes
to meet with union leaders, industry representa
tives, and Members of Congress to work out
modifications of the Taft-Hartley Act.
Coal Decision and Economic Controls
President Truman overruled the WSB decision
in the UMW-Bituminous Coal Operators Associa
tion contract. The Board had approved only
$1.50 of a negotiated $1.90-a-day wage increase.
The President, in order to insure continuity of
production, approved payment of the additional
40 cents to the miners.
As a result of the President’s action, WSB
Chairman Cox resigned. He was followed by the
Board’s industry members and alternates, who
issued a strong statement decrying the effect of
the soft-coal ruling on economic stabilization.
Charles Killingsworth succeeded WSB Chair
man Cox. AFL president Meany urged strength
ened price and wage controls and warned of grow
ing labor restlessness against WSB delays. CIO
president Reuther urged abolition of wage con
trols. Continuation of wage control was placed
in a four-man, all public Board.
ICFTU Executive Board Meeting
The International Confederation of Free Trade
Unions executive board, for the first time, met in
New York City, demonstrating reestablishment of
cordial AFL-ICFTU relations.
As a result of a UMW protest against admission
of the Yugoslav miners union to the International
Federation of Miners, the board held that it did
not consider the Yugoslav unions to be free tradeunions and ruled against the admission of Titoist
unions to any segment of the ICFTU.
In response to a request by the German tradeunions for discussion and advice regarding the
“ Fighting Democracy” movement sponsored by
French leader and ICFTU board member Leon
Jouhaux, the board denounced the new movement,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
which has been charged with being a front for
Communist-directed “ neutralist” activities.
The ICFTU board condemned the French Gov
ernment in the Tunisian situation and protested
the overt anti-Semitism of the Slansky trials in
Czechoslovakia. A visit to the meeting by a
Mexican free trade-union movement delegate
foreshadowed a stronger ICFTU Western Hemi
sphere organization.
Economic Background
Nonfarm employment continued at an all-time
high of 47.7 million in mid-October 1952, an in
crease of 800,000 workers since October 1951.
Manufacturing employment, at 16.4 million, was
at a post-World War II peak, with an over-theyear increase of 440,000 workers.
The average factory workweek rose to 41.5 in
mid-October, the highest level in the post-World
War II period, bringing average weekly earnings
to a new all-time high of $70.80. Average hourly
earnings of factory workers rose 1 cent during the
month, to $1.71, primarily because of overtime
premium pay.
The factory lay-off rate failed to rise in midOctober in contrast to a usual seasonal increase.
The number of claimants of unemployment insur
ance benefits dropped to 617,000, a quarter-million
less than in October 1951.
The number of strikes declined between Sep
tember and October, but the number of workers
involved and total strike idleness increased. Idle
ness of workers due to work stoppages rose from
3.200.000 man-days in September to 3,500,000 in
October; new stoppages decreased from 475 to 425.
Expenditures for new construction totaled
almost $2.8 million in November, bringing expend
itures for 1952’s first 11 months to about 5 percent
above the same period in 1951. In November,
86.000 new dwelling units were started; total start
were 1,052,500 during the first 11 months.
The Consumers’ Price Index, at 190.9, was 0.
percent higher on October 15 than a month earlier
1.9 percent higher than a year before, and 12.
percent higher than June 15, 1950. The “01
Series” CPI for October 15 was 191.5; althoug
this was a slight rise from September, earlie
declines resulted in a 1-cent hourly wage reductio
for automobile workers whose pay is ad juste
quarterly.
The Mobility of Tool and Die Makers
Analysis of 11-Year Work Histories of Men
In a Key Metalworking Occupation and Job Movements
Between Employers, Industries, and Regions
Sol Swerdloff and A braham B luestone *
Editor's Note.—Effective mobilization and use of
defense manpower requires broad knowledge of
the personal characteristics, training, and mobil
ity potential of workers in key occupations.
It is important to know why and how they
entered the occupation; how often they change
jobs; how frequently they cross industry lines;
and to what extent they may be expected to
move from one part of the country to another.
Plans for setting up training programs can be
guided by data on how the workers in the
occupation qualified for their jobs.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics, with funds
provided by the Air Force, has made pilot
studies of the training, work experience, mobil
ity, and personal characteristics of workers in
4*
4*
T he e x t e n t to which tool and die makers
change employers, go from one industry to another,
transfer into other occupations, or move to dif
ferent areas is influenced by the nature of the
occupation and by the economic circumstances
which affect it in a particular period. Tool and
die makers are at or near the top of the occupa
tional ladder for skilled workers and therefore,
they have relatively little opportunity or induce
ment to go into other occupations. On the other
hand, they can find jobs in a wide range of metal
working industries and are employed in more than
9,000 plants located in the metalworking centers
throughout the country. This gives them con
siderable opportunity to shift among employers
or industries. In general, the 11-year period
between 1940 and 1951 was one of very favorable
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
several occupations vital to defense mobiliza
tion. This article examines the extent and
kinds of job changes made by 1,712 tool and die
makers selected from the payrolls of 315 metal
working plants in 7 large metalworking areas.
The workers were chosen to reflect generally the
national distribution of tool and die makers
among industries and were personally inter
viewed in their homes concerning their work
histories for the 11 years between 1940 and 1951.
Subsequent articles will discuss the personal
characteristics of these workers; how they were
trained; the factors affecting their occupational
choice; their reasons for changing jobs; and
the patterns of shifts between industries.1
4«
4«
4*
employment opportunities for tool and die makers.
The high level of tool-and-die-maker employment
prevailing during the period covered by the survey
probably influenced the amount and character of
their movement. Very few were laid off by em
ployers; in fact, during most of the period, em
ployers were exerting every influence to retain
their staffs. On the other hand, the wide avail
ability of jobs made it easy for tool and die
makers to change jobs in order to get higher pay
or better promotional opportunities or, for that
matter, to change jobs when working conditions,
personal relationships, or plant location were not
* Of the Bureau’s Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics.
* The complete report of this study, “The Mobility of Tool and Die
Makers, 1940-51,” is now in press and will be published as Bulletin 1120,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
605
606
M OB IL IT Y OF TOOL AND D IE M A K E R S
MONTHLY LABOR
Chari 1. The Extent of Mobility of Tool and Die Makers
PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS
MAKING SPECIFIED NUMBER OF EMPLOYER CHANGES, 1940-1951
Number of
Job Changes
Percent of All Tool and Die Makers
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Percent of All Job Changes
50
~v~
60
1
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
or
More
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
■UREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
entirely to their liking. Despite the ease with
which jobs could be obtained during most of this
period and the many places in which these crafts
men work, the survey showed that the majority
of the tool and die makers did not change jobs
during the 11-year period.
Extent of Mobility
Nearly three-fifths of the 1,712 workers inter
viewed had worked for only 1 employer. (See
chart 1.) The 733 tool and die makers who had
changed jobs averaged nearly 3 employer shifts
each, but the amount of movement differed con
siderably among individual workers. More than
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
half of those who changed jobs made only one or
two moves. On the other hand, three-fifths of
the job changes were made by the 229 workers
who made 4 or more shifts each.
Although the majority of the workers inter
viewed had worked for only one employer during
these 11 years, a substantial minority had changed
jobs one or more times. Thus, it appears that
there is a large group of tool and die makers who
might be available to enter the plants and indus
tries where they are most needed during a mobili
zation period. Some indication of the size of this
mobile group may be obtained by estimating the
number of job changes which might be made by
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
M O B ILITY OF TOOL AND D IE M A K E R S
tool and die makers in a single year. If the fre
quency of voluntary movements between employ
ers of the estimated 100,000 tool and die makers now
employed was the same as was found for the 1,712
tool and die makers in the sample during the 11
years covered by the survey, it is estimated that
about 8 or 9 thousand individual tool and die
makers would change jobs voluntarily each year.
Patterns of Interindustry Job Changes
An important conclusion obtained from analysis
of the work histories was that those tool and die
makers who changed employers did not appear to
have strong industry attachments and that they
were able to cross industry lines freely. When a
worker changed employers, chances were better
than even that his new employer was in a different
industry. In fact, at least one-third of the tool
and die makers studied in each industry had not
originally qualified as journeymen in the industry
in which they were working at the time they were
interviewed.
Analysis of the data did not reveal any particu
lar pattern of movement between one industry and
another. The only apparent exception was a
higher than average interchange of tool and die
makers between the automobile and machine-tool
accessories industries. The large concentration
of both these industries in one geographic area
accounted for this exception.
The importance of the finding that tool and die
makers cross industry lines freely lies in the fact
that defense plants located in metalworking centers
have a potential pool of experienced workers from
which they may be able to recruit the additional
tool and die makers that they require. It indi
cates that the all-round tool and die maker, in
learning his occupation, acquires skills which he
takes with him from job to job, and that he is not
tied to any particular plant, product, or employer.
Geographic and Occupational Mobility
Although nearly 43 percent of the 1,712 workers
interviewed had changed jobs, less than 9 percent
reported that they had changed their city of
employment during the 11 years. Of these, about
five-sixths made only one or two such shifts,
although some individuals made as many as six.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
607
Most workers who moved into the seven metro
politan areas in which the survey was made came
from the surrounding regions. The one exception
was Los Angeles; most of the workers who moved
into that city had come from other parts of the
country, primarily from the industrial centers of
the Midwest. The tendency of tool and die
makers not to move long distances can also be seen
from the fact that less than 5 percent of those
trained in the United States were working outside
the region in which they were trained.
The relative geographic immobility of tool and
die makers as compared to other skilled workers
has several important implications for manpower
planning and policy formulation. For example,
location of new defense plants in areas without a
concentration of metalworking plants may result
in problems arising from the difficulty of drawing
experienced tool and die makers from other areas.
Experience of the aircraft plants in Los Angeles
during World War II illustrates this point. When
increasing numbers of tool and die makers were
needed in Los Angeles, particularly in aircraft
plants, employers were able to secure only a small
percentage of qualified tool and die makers from
other areas and had to rel}Tmainly on training their
own workers as quickly as possible or on breaking
down the jobs.
Personal considerations, rather than factors
directly connected with their jobs, were given as
the reason for changing the city of their employ
ment by a large proportion of the workers who did
make such changes. Inducements—such as better
pay—which lead tool and die makers to move from
one employer to another in the same area, appar
ently therefore, were not as effective in getting
workers to shift to other sections of the country.
These findings indicate that study should be given
to the problems involved with staffing new defense
plants which may be located outside established
metalworking centers.
During the period covered, more than 90 per
cent of the men interviewed had worked only as
tool and die makers after becoming qualified
journeymen. The nature of the trade limits the
amount of occupational mobility. Qualified tool
and die makers are at the top of the occupational
ladder of metalworking craftsmen and, in general,
are limited in their occupational movements in
the following ways: upward to supervisory tool-
608
M O B IL IT Y OF TOOL AND D IE M A K E R S
MONTHLY LABOR
Chart 2. Effect of A g e and Education on the M obility of Tool and Die Makers
Job Changes Per M an-Year
W orked, 1940-1951
Average Number of Job Changes
Made During the Period, 1t4C«1fSI
20
25
30
35 40
50
45
55
«0
ta
•o
to
to
to
to
and
to
to
29 34
24
39 44 49
54 59 O ver
Ages at Which W orker Changed Jobs
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
and-die-maker work; to working in lower-skilled
machine-shop jobs; or to moving out of the ma
chine-shop occupational field entirely.
When the tool and die makers interviewed did
move out of the occupation, they tended to work
in closely related fields; about half of the jobs that
these men held outside of tool and die making
were either as machinists, machinery repairmen,
or machine-tool operators. These data also in
dicate that training tool and die makers is a
good investment for the Nation: once trained, tool
and die makers remain in the trade or in closely
related occupations where their skills would be
available if needed.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Factors Affecting Amount of Mobility
Mobility was affected by such factors as age,
education, and length of time in the labor force
during the 11 years covered by the survey. In
addition, it varied by the industry in which tool
and die workers were employed at the time they
were interviewed. On the other hand, some other
characteristics did not appear to have affected the
propensity of the tool and die makers to change
jobs. Workers trained by apprenticeship and
those who had qualified by other means were about
equally mobile. Foreign-born tool and die makers
shifted proportionately as much as did those born
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
M O B ILITY OF TOOL AND D IE M A K E R S
in this country. With respect to total number of
job changes, married workers and single workers
showed about the same rate of movement. How
ever, single workers moved from one geographic
area to another much more often than did married
workers.
Younger workers were more mobile than the
older workers. A higher proportion of younger
tool and die makers had made at least one job
change and those who had changed jobs had done
so more times than older workers. Workers
changed jobs more than twice as often when they
were under the age of 45 as they did when they were
older. (See chart 2.)
A grouping of tool and die makers by the number
of months they were in the labor force in the period
covered by the survey showed differences in
mobility. Workers with fewer months in the
labor force after qualifying as tool and die makers
made proportionately more job changes in relation
to the length of their work experience. While age
differences were an important factor, there were
differences even for workers in the same age group.
The relationship between months in the labor force
and degree of mobility tends to substantiate the
belief that when workers enter the labor market,
either as new workers or, as in this case, as new
journeymen, they look for “ good” jobs. In this
search, they move from job to job until they find
one that satisfies their requirements, and once they
obtain such a position, they are likely to remain
with the same employer for a long time.
A direct relationship between educational level
and amount of job changing was revealed by the
study. Tool and die makers with the fewest
years of schooling were least mobile, and the
average number of employer shifts per person
increased as the educational level rose. This re
lationship was not completely a result of the fact
that the younger men went to school longer; even
within each age group, the tool and die makers
with more schooling made more job changes.
The rate of job movement varied according to
the industry in which the tool and die makers
were employed at the time they were interviewed.
(See chart 3.) Workers in the aircraft and
machine-tool accessories industries had made rela
tively more job changes than the average, whereas
tool and die makers in the motor-vehicles and
machinery industries (excluding machine-tool ac
cessories) had been the least mobile. These
231045 — 52—
2
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
609
Chart 3. Mobility of Tool and Die Makers, by
Industry
PERCENT OF TOOL AND DIE WORKERS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES
WHO DID NOT CHANGE JOBS
Industry of Employment
Feb.-Mar. 1991
PERCENT OF WORKERS
0
20
40
60
80
ALL INDUSTRIES
Motor vehicles
Machinery (except
machine tool accessories)
Fabricated metal products
Electrical machinery
Aircraft
Machine tool accessories
All other industries
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
•URfAU OF l mot STATISTICS
differences may be partially explained by the
nature of these industries, including their recent
growth and the degree to which their employment
has fluctuated.
Differences in mobility also appeared among
the various cities in the survey and closely fol
lowed the pattern of interindustry variations.
The highest proportion of workers who had
changed employers was found in Hartford and
Los Angeles. Both these cities were wartime
aircraft production centers where more than half
of the tool and die makers had changed employers
at least once.
The effect of the industrial composition of a
city on the mobility of its work force may also be
illustrated by Detroit where the over-all average
number of job changes per worker was about the
same as the average of all the workers in the survey.
Detroit had concentrations of tool-and-die maker
employment in both the machine-tool accessories
industry where tool and die makers had the high
est rate of movement and the motor-vehicle
industry where tool and die makers showed the
lowest rate.
Reasons for Changing Jobs
To aid in understanding the amount and nature
of the movement between employers shown in
this study, the reasons given by the workers for
changing jobs were analyzed. In personnel or
manpower administration, not only is it necessary
M O B IL IT Y OF TOOL AND D IE M A K E R S
610
Chart 4. Reasons of Tool and Die Makers for
Changing Jobs, 1940 to 1951
RIASONS OIVIN POR
CHANGING JOBS
0
PIRCKNT OF ALL VOLUNTARY JOB CHANOIS
20
40
60
m
80
100
More pay, promotional
opportunities etc.
Working conditions
Location of job
Return to former
employer
Differences with
foreman
All other reasons
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OT LABOR
SURfAU or t ABOt STATISTICS
to know how much movement might be expected
and which workers would be most likely to move,
but it may also be helpful to determine what
inducements would cause workers to change jobs,
if such movement was desirable in a mobilization
period, or what would induce them to remain on
their present jobs.
The reasons given by the tool and die makers
for changing jobs fell into two broad classes:
voluntary and involuntary moves. Two out of
three of all the job changes were made voluntarily.
An important conclusion which might be drawn
from the tabulation of reasons for job changes is
that most of the voluntary movement of tool and
die makers between employers was for specific
rational reasons calculated to improve the individuaks job situation. More than half of the
voluntary job changes were made to obtain
better jobs, either in terms of pay or potentiality
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
for advancement. (See chart 4.) The desire to
improve working conditions or the location of the
job was the reason given for another sixth of these
job changes.
Many workers were not so specific in explaining
why they changed employers. They gave vague
reasons or reasons not connected with a particular
job. These included such statements as “ dissat
isfied,” “ want to live in California,” or ‘‘wanted a
change.”
Of the 675 job changes which were involuntary,
all but a small number were as a result of lay-offs.
The remainder were cases in which the worker
was either discharged by the employer or where
the worker’s health did not permit him to con
tinue on the job.
In general, the distribution of reasons for chang
ing jobs was similar for all the workers regardless
of how they were grouped. No significant differ
ences were found in the distribution of reasons
between apprenticeship-trained men and those who
qualified by other methods; between younger men
and older workers; between experienced workers
and relatively new workers; and between nativeborn and foreign-born men. There was one
exception—marital status. Married men were
apparently more concerned with working condi
tions and with “ better jobs” in terms of oppor
tunity for promotion or to gain experience, and
had changed jobs relatively more often in order
to return to former employers. On the other
hand, single men moved more often for better
immediate pay or because of the location of their
work, or because of differences with their super
visors.
Integration of Dis
placed Persons Into
U. S. Economic Life
George M inton *
the Displaced Persons program, 393,542
immigrants arrived in the United States by June 30,
1952, and several hundred more entered the coun
try during the two succeeding months, bringing the
total to about 394,000. Of this number, it is esti
mated that 230,000 were entrants to the Nation’s
labor force and comprised less than four-tenths of
1 percent of the total civilian work force.
The DP program represented a unique experi
ment in American immigration. For the first time
in its history, the United States Government for
mally established an agency to undertake the
resettlement of other nationals in this country.
Existing barriers to immigration, rigidly main
tained for several decades, were temporarily set
aside by a system of mortgaging future quotas
within existing immigration law, and men and
women of different religions and national back
grounds were permitted to enter this country.
This novel program was significant for several
reasons: First, it was an expression of United
States foreign policy derived from the belief that a
solution to the international refugee problem is a
part of our national aim. Secondly, it also had
meaning as a reflection of the humanitarian desire
of the American people to help the homeless and
destitute. Finally, as a byproduct, it resulted in
economic gain for this country in the form of
skilled and semiskilled workers.
The present article provides some information
on (1) characteristics of these new workers and
members of their families; (2) character of their
European work experience; (3) the various kinds of
jobs they were to perform; (4) original place of
settlement on arrival; (5) adjustments in residences
U nder
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
and jobs after settlement; (6) reasons for migration
and occupational changes; (7) nature of present
jobs; and (8) progress achieved in adjusting to life
in the American community.
General Characteristics of Immigrants
The group who came to this country under the
DP program had abundant human resources. It
had a high proportion of people in the productive
years of life, with more than half between the ages
of 20 and 50 years, and an average age of 29 years
as compared with an average of 30 years for the
United States population. More males than
females entered the country, with 119 males for
each 100 females as compared with 98 males for
each 100 females in the United States population.
The average educational attainment of about 8
years for the adult immigrant group (25 years of
age and over) compared favorably with an average
of slightly over 9 years for the United States popu
lation in the same age group. For the most part,
immigrants were part of a family group, with
approximately three out of every four comprising
members of a family.
These newcomers to our country included a
number wrho were farmers, skilled, semiskilled,
and professional and technical workers and were,
for the most part, middle-class working people.
A study of the group who submitted reports to
the Displaced Persons Commission in December
1951, as required by law, indicated that European
skills of those formerly employed in this group,
most of whom entered the country under the
amended DP Act, included: farmers and farm
laborers, 24 percent; skilled workers, 18 percent;
semiskilled workers, 16 percent; professional and
technical workers, 16 percent; clerical and kindred
workers, 9 percent; laborers, 5 percent; household
workers, 4 percent; service workers, 4 percent;
managers, officials, and proprietors, 4 percent;
and sales workers, less than one-half of 1 percent.
The assured or sponsored employment of
family heads and single adults who entered the
country varied by occupation. However, the
percentages of these workers who were brought
over to take jobs in the professions, and in clerical,
•Analytical statistician, Farm Labor Analysis Branch, Division of Reports
and Analysis, Bureau of Employment Security, U. S. Department of Labor;
formerly Director of Research and Statistics Division, U. S. Displaced
Persons Commission.
611
D ISPLACED P ERSONS PROGRAM
612
sales, and managerial occupations were much
smaller than the proportions with such background
experience.
By the end of June 1952, a total of 194,967
heads of families and single adults had entered the
United States; each of these was required under the
DP Act to have a job in this country before
immigration. Of this group, 191,761 were em
ployed—with over a fourth sponsored for jobs in
farming. The remaining 3,206 were not members
of the labor force, but were, for the most part,
students. The occupations assured to family
heads were distributed as follows:
Percent of
employed
Operatives and kindred workers----------------------Private household workers____________________
Laborers, except farm and mine----------------------Farmers and farm managers---------------------------Farm laborers and foremen----------------------------Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers--------Service workers, except private household--------Clerical and kindred workers--------------------------Professional, technical, and kindred workers-----Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm.
Sales workers________________________________
16. 8
15. 1
14. 7
13. 1
12. 7
11. 7
7. 6
4. 1
3. 0
.6
.6
MONTHLY LABOR
Distribution closely followed that of the foreignborn United States population from central,
southern, and eastern Europe. In both cases,
more than four-fifths resided in the Northeast and
North Central regions of the country. However,
in no one State did immigrants under the DP
program comprise as much as 1 percent of the
population.
Nearly 78 percent of the immigrants (306,908)
had first residences in the following 10 States:
New York, 31 percent; Illinois, 11 percent;
Pennsylvania, 7 percent; New Jersey, 6 percent;
Ohio, 5 percent; Michigan, 5 percent; California,
4 percent; and Massachusetts, Connecticut, and
Wisconsin, 3 percent each.
The majority of original resettlements were in
urban areas, with cities of 100,000 population and
over receiving a substantial proportion of the total
number. Eighty-two percent established first
residences in urban areas, with 58 percent in cities
of 100,000 population and over. Less than a
fifth—18 percent—had first residences in rural
areas. The 10 largest cities received 43 percent
of the total number—New York City leading with
24 percent and Chicago, second with 8 percent.
T otal_________________________________ 100. 0
Residence and Job Adjustments
A number of heads of families were sponsored
for highly skilled jobs. For example, included
among the professional and technical workers
were 51 architects, 166 chemists, 86 dentists, 54
designers, 12 chemical engineers, 29 civil engineers,
58 electrical engineers, 71 mechanical engineers,
90 pharmacists, 680 physicians and surgeons, 64
veterinarians, 727 professional nurses, and 338
draftsmen.
The craftsmen (skilled workers) class included
182 blacksmiths, 1,479 bakers, 713 brickmasons,
stonemasons, and tilesetters, 28 cabinet makers,
3,136 carpenters, 264 compositors and typesetters,
1,032 electricians, 9 engravers, 547 machinists, 21
airplane mechanics, 976 automobile mechanics,
128 railroad mechanics, 3,712 mechanics (not
elsewhere classified), and 49 tool and die makers.
Among the operatives (semiskilled workers) were
177 welders and flame cutters.
Areas of Original Settlement
First residences were established in every
State and in the Territories and possessions.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Adjustments by a number of immigrants in the
early stages of the resettlement process were made
primarily to improve living standards. In a pro
gram such as the one covering displaced persons,
this was to be expected.
Movements from one area to another and change
of jobs in response to better “ economic opportu
n i t y a r e characteristic of American life. Americans
have moved from one part of the country to
another in quest of higher standards of living since
colonial times. Newcomers under the DP program
adapted themselves to this characteristic American
pattern.
The newcomers moved in greatest number from
the South and sought opportunities in other sec
tions of the country, especially the East North
Central States, according to studies based on the
semiannual reports submitted to the Displaced
Persons Commission by 148,449 displaced persons.
By December 1950, more than two-fifths of those
originally sponsored for residence in the South
were living in other regions of the country, while
the East North Central States had an increase of
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
DISPLACED PERSONS PROGRAM
25 percent over original settlement. The reports
of 134,812 displaced persons in December 1951 in
dicated similar movements, with a greater propor
tion going to the West and a greater proportion
migrating from the Middle Atlantic States.
Displaced persons who reported to the Commis
sion in December 1950 migrated from 33 States of
which‘27 had per capita income payments in 1950
below the national average. Migration was made
into 15 States—14 having per capita income pay
ments above the national average. Similarly, the
group reporting in December 1951 moved from
32 States—of which 27 had per capita income pay
ments in 1951 below the national average—into
17 States (including the District of Columbia) of
which 15 had per capita income payments above
the national average.
The number who lived in urban areas increased
as immigrants left their original places of residence
in rural areas. Semiannual reports submitted by
displaced persons to the DP Commission indicated
that 9 of every 10 who reported in December 1950
resided in urban areas. More than 6 of every 10
(65 percent) lived in cities of 100,000 population
and over—an increase of 17 percent over the num
ber originally residing in cities of that size. A
similar pattern was indicated by the December
1951 reports, with 93 percent residing in urban
areas and 68 percent in cities of 100,000 population
and over. The 1950 Census figures showed 64
percent of the United States population in urban
areas and 30 percent in cities of 100,000 population
and over.
The residential mobility of immigrants under
the DP program was related to changes in occu
pations made in the adjustment process. A num
ber of heads of families and single adults left their
farming employment and their employment as
household workers. However, changes in occu
pations existed among all the major groups and
were not confined solely to farmers and household
workers. Many of those who left their original
employment secured jobs as semiskilled workers,
skilled workers, and laborers.
The proportion of family heads reporting current
occupations in the same major occupational group
as assured or sponsored employment ranged from
42 percent in the case of professional and technical
workers to less than one-half of 1 percent for farm
ers and farm managers. For other major occupa
tional groups, the proportions were as follows:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
613
Sponsored and Current Occupations of Employed
Family Heads and Single Adults among Displaced
Persons, December 1951
M A JO R
O C C U P A T IO N A L
GROUP
PERCEN T OF E M P LO Y ED
10
20
30
40
Farm ers an d
Farm Laborers
P rivate Household
W orke rs
Laborers
S em iskilled
S killed
Service
C le rica l
P rofession al and
Technical
S ales
M a n a g e rs, O fficials,
an d P ro p rie to rs
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
operatives, 35 percent; craftsmen, 30 percent;
laborers, 29 percent; service workers, 16 percent;
private household workers, 16 percent; clerical
workers, 14 percent; farm laborers and foremen,
7 percent; managers, officials, and proprietors, 7
percent; and sales workers, 5 percent.
In the accompanying chart, assured occupations
are compared with current occupations of em
ployed DP heads of families reporting to the
Commission in December 1951.
Of the family heads who left the labor force,
the proportion ranged from about 34 percent of
the private household workers to 9 percent of the
laborers.
For family heads who became craftsmen (skilled
workers), the proportion ranged from 18 percent
614
D ISPLACED PERSONS PROGRAM
of those assured employment as sales workers to
2 percent of household workers. For those who
became operatives (semiskilled workers), it ranged
from 28 percent of the farmers (including farm
laborers) and the laborers (except farm and mine)
to 10 percent of the sales workers. For service
workers, it ranged from 11 percent of the private
household workers to 6 percent of the skilled
workers. For laborers, it ranged from 29 percent
of the farmers and farm managers and of the farm
laborers and foremen to 7 percent of the profes
sional and technical workers.
Various reasons were given for these occupa
tional shifts. Some immigrants did not expect to
make farming their permanent vocation and there
fore remained in their sponsored occupation temp
orarily. Further, they were able to secure factory
work of a skilled or semiskilled type or work as
laborers in which requirements of language, social
connections, knowledge of business and profes
sional life, and financial resources did not play a
vital role. The demands of the labor, market
affected the jobs of some displaced persons. For
example, more than a third of the German “ex
pellee” heads of families who left sponsored occu
pations stated that they were offered better jobs.
Opportunities and living conditions on farms dis
couraged some immigrants. Farms were rela
tively isolated in some areas of the country and
gave the newcomers little opportunity to learn the
English language, to participate in social events,
or to attend school. In addition, higher wages
and inducements such as vacations, pension plans,
unemployment compensation, and workmen’s
compensation contributed to city migration.
Other reasons for resettlement changes by dis
placed persons were (1) misconceptions as to
responsibilities to sponsors and lack of proper
sponsor orientation as to expectations of immi
grants; (2) changes in sponsors’ plans because of
the delay in the arrival of immigrants and other
reasons; (3) difficulties created by personality
problems; (4) sponsor exploitation through sub
standard living accommodations and low wages;
and (5) inducement by relatives and outsiders for
immigrants to make changes by securing better
jobs for them or indicating that they could do
better elsewhere.
Differences of language, background, work pat
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
terns, religion, and personal experience existed
between sponsors and immigrants and presented
obstacles which had to be overcome in the resettle
ment process. In a program in which Americans
sponsored and took some 394,000 persons into
their homes, business establishments, farms, and
communities, the number of readjustments was
small. On the whole, resettlements proved highly
satisfactory—a tribute to both Americans and
newcomers.
Social and Economic Contributions
Substantial progress in becoming a part of the
American community was shown by immigrants
under the DP program. Entry into the labor
force was in greater proportion to their number
than was that of the United States population.
This high labor-force participation can be attrib
uted to the high proportion of males and single
adults of labor-force age; the large proportion of
people in their productive years; the adequate
educational level and skills in the group ; the addi
tion of wives and children of working age to the
labor force, once the immigrant family became
established; and the demand for the services of
these immigrant workers as a result of the high
level of economic activity in this country.
Of the group of displaced persons, 14 years and
over, who reported to the Commission in Decem
ber 1951, approximately 74 percent were in the
labor force as compared with 57 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the labor
force.
Marked ability was shown by the immigrants
in making a living for themselves. Employment
levels of this group of newcomers were very high.
Of the group of displaced persons who reported
they were in the labor force in December 1951,
about 95 percent were employed.
Other indications of progress in adjusting to
American life include (1) efforts to learn the
English language and to take advantage of edu
cational opportunities; (2) service in the Armed
Forces; and (3) application for citizenship—nearly
30 percent of the German expellees (18 years and
over), surveyed by the Commission, had taken out
first papers, and the percentage increased with the
period of time in the country.
Summaries of Studies and Reports
Shift Operations in the
Metalworking Industries, 1951
in metalworking indus
tries employed proportionately fewer production
workers in January 1952 than a year earlier
despite a 3-percent increase in employment,
according to a recent Bureau of Labor Statistics
survey. The study of selected metalworking
industries 1showed that 75.9 percent of the factory
workers were employed in early 1952 on the first
or “daylight” shift, 20.3 percent on the second
shift, and only 3.8 percent on the third shift; the
percentage of workers in 1951 was 74.9, 20.9, and
4.2, respectively. This slight decrease in extra
shift operations was attributed in part to a decline
in employment in those metalworking plants pro
ducing civilian-type goods either because of a drop
in consumer demand or metal shortages.
For several reasons, extra-shift operations in
the civilian-type industries felt the impact of
lay-offs more than first-shift employment. Be
cause extra shifts create problems of work sched
uling, recruitment, assignment and. rotation of
workers, management usually tends to reduce the
amount of such work during a period of declining
employment. Further, extra shifts place a greater
supervisory load on a plant and increase its main
tenance problems. On the other hand, although
large-scale employment gains were reported in
those metalworking industries producing defense
goods, all the additional workers did not have to
be put on extra shifts. Instead, the expanding
defense industries hired many of their employees
for new or reopened plants and placed them on
first-shift or “daylight” work.
As part of the defense program, industrial
facilities are being expanded to provide more
military goods and defense-related products. This
expansion has been influenced by the possibility
of full mobilization rather than current defense
E xtra - shift operations
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
program requirements alone. As new metalwork
ing plants begin operation and World War II
plants, which have been kept on a stand-by basis,
are reactivated, they tend to restrict the possible
increases in the ratio of extra-shift operations
because first shifts are staffed before extensive
second- and third-shift operations are undertaken.
Thus, the pressure for extra-shift work has been
far less than during World War II when every
available facility had to be fully utilized. Simi
larly, there has been little over-all need to increase
the workweek to get extra production. According
to the study, a large amount of unused productive
capacity that can be utilized, should the need arise,
is available by increasing extra-shift activity or
by lengthening the workweek.
Curtailments in Nondefense Industries
Every industry showing a decrease in employ
ment (except for one small industry) had a lower
proportion of workers on extra shifts in January
1952 than in January 1951. Thus, it appeared
that employers, who reduced their payrolls, cut
back extra-shift activity first. Among the con
sumer-goods industries which reduced their extrashift activity were tin cans and other tinware;
cutlery, hand tools and hardware; automobiles;
and the service and household-machinery indus
tries which make such products as sewing and
washing machines.
The automobile industry suffered especially
large reductions in employment—about 130,000
workers over the year. As a result, the propor
tion of auto workers on the second shift fell from
27.8 percent in January 1951 to 24.6 percent in
January 1952 and the proportion on the third
shift fell from 5.4 to 3.8 percent. Despite this
reduction, however, the automobile industry still
1
The survey is based on reports from establishments employing two
thirds of the estimated total production-worker employment in metal-work
ing industries.
For discussion of Shift Operations and Differentials in Union Contracts,
1952, see Monthly Labor Review, November 1952 (p. 4951.
615
616
MONTHLY LABOR
SHIFT OPERATIO NS—M E T A L W O R K IN G
Chart 1. Percent Change in Employment in Selected Metalworking Industries
JANUARY 1951 TO JANUARY 1952
Percent C han g e
-20
r~
-10
—
r~
10
20
T~
~v~~
50
40
30
60
A ircraft and Parts
Ship an d Boatbuilding
an d R ep airin g
R a ilro a d Equipm ent
Engines an d Turbines
Construction an d M ining
M a ch in ery
M e ta lw o rk in g M a ch in ery
Electrical A p p lia n c e s, L a m p s,
and M isce lla n e o u s Products
M etal Stam ping, C o atin g , a n d
En g ravin g
Service -
Industry an d
Household M achines
H eating A p p a ra tu s and
Percent C h an g e
-10
TOTAL CH AN GE
Plum bers’ Supplies
C u tle ry, H and Tools, and
0
10
r~
III
M a ch in ery
Ha rd w a re
Tin Can s and O ther T in w are
Transpo rtation
Equipm ent
Autom obiles
Electrical
M a c h in e ry
Fab rica te d M etal
Products
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
had a larger percentage of its workers on extra
shifts than many of the other metalworking
industries.
Extra-Shift Expansion in Defense Industries
The expansions in extra-shift operations occurred
primarily among industries either directly produc
ing military products or items which are closely
related to the defense program. The aircraft and
parts industry increased its proportion of workers
on the second shift from 25.9 percent in January
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1951 to 30.4 percent in January 1952 and at the
same time boosted its third-shift employment
from 4.6 to 6.4 percent. Other defense-related
industries increasing the percentage of workers on
extra shifts were the engines and turbines indus
try; the ship and boatbuilding and repairing indus
try; and the metalworking-machinery industry
which includes the vital machine-tool plants. In
each of these industries, there was a substantial
employment increase partly effected by the place
ment of additional workers on second and third
shifts.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
SH IFT OPERATIO NS—ME T AL W O R KIN G
The expanding defense industries hired many of
their new employees for new or reopened plants
and consequently put a large proportion of them
on the first shift. This was particularly true of
the aircraft and parts industry, which had the
largest employment gain of any metalworking in
dustry (chart 1). If all additional employees in
this industry had gone into plants which had been
operating in January 1951, most of them would
have had to work the second or third shift. The
industry constructed new facilities, however, and
reopened stand-by World War II plants. Conse
quently, more than half the additional employees
worked the first shift. The ratio of employment
on second and third shifts did increase, but far
less than would have been necessary had the
industry been confined to using facilities existing
in January 1951.
Variation in Shift-Operations Practices
Metalworking industries in January 1952 varied
considerably in the extent of extra-shift operations
as indicated in chart 2. Some of these differ
ences were partially accounted for by the relative
impact of the defense program on particular in
dustries, but to a considerable extent reflected
the nature of their operations.
Among the industries with relatively high per
centages of extra-shift employment were the air
craft and parts; electrical equipment for vehicles;
engines and turbines; and tin cans and other tin
ware. The automobile industry also had a rela
tively high proportion in January 1952 even
though the percentage of extra-shift workers fell
substantially from the January 1951 level. In
the aircraft and parts and the engines and tur
bines industries, the relatively large proportion of
workers on second and third shift mainly reflected
the impact of the defense program. However, as
a result of large-scale operations in World War II,
the aircraft and parts industry was organized to
operate on a two- or three-shift basis. The tin
can and the automobile industries customarily
have relatively high extra-shift operations because
they are highly mechanized and make extensive
use of costly production facilities. Efficient oper
ating practices require that these facilities be used
as intensively as possible.
Industries which had relatively low utilization
of extra-shift employment—less than one worker
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
617
in five on second and third shifts—included office
and store machines and devices; special industry
machinery; cutlery, hand tools, and hardware;
heating apparatus and plumbers’ supplies; fabri
cated structural-metal products; communication
equipment; ship and boatbuilding and repairing;
and other transportation equipment. Since the
inception of the defense program, the metalwork
ing-machinery industry which customarily oper
ates on a one-shift basis increased its extra-shift
operation slightly so that it approximated the
average for all-metalworking industries in Janu
ary 1952.
A variety of reasons account for the low ratio
of shift operations in these industries. In some
cases, it results from a relatively large amount of
available capacity in relationship to current pro
duction demands. In other cases, where produc
tion is at relatively high levels, the industry is
restricted in its shift operations by the difficulty of
obtaining enough skilled workers to staff the extra
shifts. Most of these industries have operated
in the past predominantly on a one-shift schedule.
In periods of high demand for their products,
they tend to increase hours rather than add
workers on extra shifts.
The metalworking-machinery industry, for ex
ample, faced with heavy demands for vitally
needed machine tools, had to increase production
substantially. Employment rose 16.3 percent be
tween January 1951 and January 1952, but little
change occurred in the shift pattern partly because
of a shortage of such skilled workers as tool and
die makers and also because of the nature of the
industry. The industry placed greater emphasis
on increasing the workweek than on expanding
shift operations. Average weekly hours in the
metalworking-machinery group rose from 43.2 in
1950 to 47.3 in January 1952, compared with the
all-manufacturing average of 40.8 hours.
The shipbuilding industry has also had a long
history of one-shift operations because night work
is considered more hazardous, expensive, and less
efficient. Despite a sharp rise in employment in
1951, only 19 percent of the workers were on extra
shifts in January 1952. The industry was able to
expand production by hiring new workers for
“day” or first-shift work because of a large amount
of production capacity carried over from World
War II and held ready on a stand-by basis.
The low utilization of second- and third-shift
618
SHIFT OPERATIO NS—M E T A L W O R K IN G
MONTHLY LABOR
Chart 2. Shift Operation Patterns in Selected Metalworking Industries
JANUARY 1951 AND JANUARY 1952
1 st
S H IF T
Percent
Ship and Boatbuilding
and Repairing
3d & 4th
2d
14.4
%
1.8
2.0
7 8 .7
18.8
Metalworking Machinery
2.5
! 4 .3
Cutlery, Hand Tools,
and Hardware
7 8 .0
Service-Industry and
Household Machines
7 4 .9
Electrical Appliances,
Lamps, and
Miscellaneous Products
Metal Stamping, Coating,
and Engraving
18.0
4 .0
2
7 4 .0
6 8 .3
73.1
Engines and Turbines
Aircraft and Parts
Tin Cans and Other
6 9 .5
6 7 .3
2 5 .9
Tinware
6.8
4 .8
2 7 .3
Automobiles
5.4
3.8
Ja n u a ry
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1951
Jan u ary 1952
%,
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
SH IFT OPERATIO NS—M E T AL W O R KIN G
employment would seem to indicate a large amount
of unused capacity. Experience has shown that
industries which make relatively high use of extra
shifts ordinarily may have as many as one in three
of their workers on the extra shifts. At the peak
of World War II, some industries had as many
workers on all extra shifts combined as they did
on the first shift. Further use of extra-shift oper
ations was held down by the difficulty of evening
out the production facilities to avoid bottlenecks
in the use of specialized machinery, by the more
efficient operation of many activities on the first
shift only, and by manpower shortages.
Scheduled Workweek
Another measure of plant utilization is the length
of the workweek. During World War II, the
scheduled 48-hour week predominated in most
metalworking industries. In 1951, however, the
40-hour workweek was in effect in most industries
and only about one in four employees worked
Saturdays. This indicates further expansion possi
bilities simply by lengthening the workweek in
situations where manpower is unavailable for
extra-shift operations.
More than 60 percent of the factory workers in
metalworking plants in mid-1951 were employed
in establishments operating Monday through
Saturday. Of these, 43.5 percent were scheduled
for Saturday work. This represented about 27 per
cent of total reported employment. But in a
number of industries this ratio was substantially
higher. Some industries, such as general industrial
machinery, communication equipment, and miscel
laneous machinery parts (ball and roller bearings,
fabricated pipes and fittings, etc.), which place
relatively few of their production workers on extra
shifts, scheduled more than 40 percent on Saturday
work. Certain of the defense industries, such as
metalworking machinery and aircraft and parts,
which scheduled about one in four workers on
extra shifts, reported 52.7 and 46.0 percent,
respectively, of its production workers employed
on Saturday.
About two-thirds of the total workers covered
in the metalworking survey were employed in
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
619
plants having a scheduled workweek of 40 hours
for most production workers in October 1951. In
the agricultural machinery and tractors industry,
more than 90 percent of the production workers
were employed in plants scheduling most of their
workers on a 40-hour week. Similarly, 80 percent
or more of the factory workers reported in the
automobile, service, and household machinery in
dustries were working in establishments which for
the most part scheduled a 40-hour workweek.
Less than 5 percent were scheduled to work less
than 40 hours, whereas more than 30 percent were
on a workweek of more than 40 hours. Almost
20 percent were employed in establishments with
a scheduled workweek of 48 hours for most of
their production workers.
Multishift operations were most extensive in
plants where the basic scheduled workweek for
production workers was less than 40 hours. In
those plants in the transportation equipment and
electrical machinery industries which scheduled a
workweek of less than 40 hours for most production
workers, about one worker was on an extra shift
for each worker on the first shift. In the fabri
cated metal products and machinery industries
which had a similar workweek schedule, this ratio
went down to about one on extra shifts for each
two workers on the first shift.
The survey also showed that in plants where the
workweek for most production workers was 40
hours, about one worker in four was placed on
extra-shift work. In general, the ratio of secondand third-shift employment to first-shift work
dropped as the scheduled workweek rose, so that
in most cases only one worker in five was employed
on extra shifts. There was one marked exception
to this tendency. Plants which operated on a
48-hour workweek for most production workers
usually had a higher percentage of workers on
extra shifts than plants with a scheduled 40-hour
week. This probably indicates that plants which
are under enough production pressure to work a
48-hour week must also utilize a relatively large
number of workers on extra shifts to meet produc
tion schedules.
— R ic h a r d H. L e w is and E u g e n e P. S pec to r
D ivision of Manpower and Employment Statistics
620
WAGE D IFFERENCES—40 CIT IE S
Wage Differences
Among 40 Labor Markets
for office workers and for workers
employed in maintenance, custodial, and ware
housing and shipping jobs were highest in Detroit
and the San Francisco Bay Area among 40 major
labor markets surveyed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in late 1951 and early 1952. Average
pay levels in some other large northern and
Pacific Coast cities were generally only a few
percentage points below those in these two areas.
Based on average earnings for comparable jobs,
P ay levels
MONTHLY LABOR
pay levels in the highest-wage city exceeded those
in the lowest-wage city by a third for office
workers and maintenance craftsmen, by threefourths for warehousing and shipping jobs, and by
nine-tenths for custodial workers. The greater
intercity wage spread for the custodial jobs
reflects primarily the comparatively low pay
levels prevailing for such work in the South.
Regionally, Middle Atlantic cities as a group
held a pay position above New England and south
ern cities but below the Middle West and Far
West. Differences in pay levels among cities
within each region were sufficiently great, how
ever, to introduce overlapping of regional ranges
when all cities were arrayed according to average
T a ble 1.— Relative pay levels for office workers in 40 major labor markets, 1951-52 1
[New York City=100]
Relative Rank
106
105
104
100
99
1
3
4
5
6
96
8
95
94
93
13
14
16
92
18
91
90
23
24
89
88
87
86
85
84
79
27
31
32
34
35
38
40
New England
Middle Atlantic
South
Middle West
Detroit
Chicago
Tar West
San Francisco-Oakland.
Los Angeles.
New York_____
__ __
Cleveland
Seattle.
[Albany-Schenectady1Indianapolis__
.
] Troy. ____
___ j-Houston
/Milwaukee______ ______
[Newark-Jersey City_____
Pittsburgh. _ ___
fBuffalo.
. . . .
\
/Rochester______________ J------------------------------- -Hartford______________
Columbus _
[Cincinnati . ______ ..
Trenton .. ..
Atlanta
■¡Louisville
1st. Louis______________
Kansas City
Allentown-BethlehemN orfolk-Portsm outh
Phoenix.
Easton.
Boston_____ _________ Philadelphia______
Birmingham .
Denver.
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Worcester____ _______
Richmond . .
Memphis. . . . . ____
fOklahoma City____
Salt Lake City.
j
/Jacksonville. .
. . . / ---------------------------------Providence_____________
New Orleans
Scranton.. ________
1
The relatives presented in the first column relate the average standard
weekly salaries in 24 office jobs in each city to the corresponding averages for
New York City. For each city, the all-industry average for each job was
multiplied by the total employment in the job in all cities combined to arrive
at the aggregate used in the comparison. This procedure assumed a constant
employment relationship between jobs in all cities. The all-industry aver
age for each job was computed by dividing the sum of the hourly earnings
by the number of workers in the job in the area. Inter-area differences in
the average for a job are thus affected by inter-area differences in the con
tribution of each industry to the employment and earnings estimates for that
job.
pay level for a particular job group. For exam
ple, Houston and Atlanta office worker salaries
equalled or exceeded salary levels in 5 of 11 cities
in the Middle West and in 4 of 10 cities in the
Middle Atlantic region.
Occupations common to a variety of manufac
turing and nonmanufacturing industries were
studied on a community-wide basis.1 Twentyeight States were represented in the list, permit
ting examination of inter-regional and intraregional variations in pay levels as well as the
relationship between area pay levels and such
factors as size of community and degree of union
ization. The combined population of the 40 areas
exceeded 52 million and more than 10 million
workers were employed in the industries and
establishment-size groups studied.
Intercity wage relationships were expressed as
percentages of pay levels in New York City,
which was studied in January 1952. For 28 of
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
In addition to manufacturing, these studies covered: transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and selected service industries. Results of these surveys were published in
occupational wage-survey bulletins for each of the 40 areas. For list of
bulletins, see p. II of this issue.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
621
WAGE DIFFERENCES—40 CITIES
the areas, the period studied differed from the
survey month for New York by 2 months or less.2
Measures of intercity differences in pay levels
presented here are therefore subject to some
understatement or overstatement depending pri
marily upon the time difference among the survey
dates for the areas being compared. Resurveys
could result in some changes in the relative posi
tion of some of the areas. Data for Birmingham
and Pittsburgh, for example, do not reflect the
most recent wage increase executed in the steel
industry.
The city relatives are based on averages, in
each area, for 24 office jobs and for 17 manual type jobs commonly found in the broad industry
divisions represented. Intercity wage relation
ships differ somewhat by type of occupation, and
the selection of occupations other than those used
in these comparisons presumably could yield
somewhat different results.
Minor differences in city relatives and rank
position should thus be viewed in light of the
above limitations, and also in light of the differ
ences in industrial composition of the labor force
T a ble 2. — Relative pay levels for plant workers in indirect jobs in 40 major labor markets, 1951 5 2 l
[New York City=100]
Relative Rank
113
111
106
105
103
101
100
99
96
95
94
New England
1
2
3
4
6
7
9
10
12
14
15
93
16
92
91
20
22
South
Middle Atlantic
San Francisco-Oakland.
Detroit_______ ________
Chicago..
N ewark-Jersey City
Pittsburgh
INew York City
Buffalo
-------------
Seattle.
Los Angeles.
... ...
Cleveland____ . . . . .
/Minneapolis-St. Paul. . ..
[A lbany-Schenectady!
\ Troy.
[Rochester _ ___________ f
...............................
Kansas City-----------------/Cincinnati_____________
/Columbus
75
72
70
69
38
39
40
89
..
Milwaukee___
____ _______ 1Allento wn-Bethlehem - \
24 1fHartford.
Worcester
J Easton.
i ~ ------------------------------27
29
30
31
Houston_____ . . .
32
33
34
•¡Oklahoma City-----------35
88
86
85
84
83
78
76
Far West
Middle West
__________
Phoenix.
Salt Lake City.
Denver.
Memphis_________ - . . .
1 The relatives presented in the first column relate the average hourly earn
ings in seven maintenance jobs, four custodial jobs, and six warehousing
and shipping jobs in each city to the corresponding averages for New York
City. Relatives were based on straight-time earnings, excluding premium
pay for overtime and night work. See footnote to table 1 for method of com
putation of the average.
among areas as explained later. However, infor
mation on area-wage differentials, used with care,
does provide an essential tool to individuals and
organizations in the administration of wage and
salary structures, in wage negotiations, and in the
selection of locations for new establishments.
Relative Levels Among Labor Markets
2
The other 12 areas were studied as follows: September 1951, Seattle;
October 1951, Cleveland, Hartford, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, and
Richmond; April 1952, Birmingham, Boston, and Columbus; and May
1952, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Jacksonville, and Louisville.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Office-worker salaries in New York City were
exceeded, among the areas studied, only in
Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and the San
Francisco-Oakland area. Five percentage points
or less below New York in the scale were cities as
widely separated geographically as Seattle, Cleve
land, Houston, and Pittsburgh. A majority of
the 40 areas were clustered at the 90-99 percent
622
WAGE DIFFERENCES—40 CITIE S
(of New York) level. Providence, New Orleans,
and Scranton were the only areas in which officeworker salaries were less than 85 percent of the
New York average (table 1).
T able 3. — Relative pay levels for plant workers in selected
work categories in 40 major labor markets, 1951-52
[New York City =100]
Labor market
New England;
Boston___ __ ______ ________
Hartford_________ _________ __
Providence_______ _________
Worcester____________________
Middle Atlantic:
Albany-Schenectady-Troy______
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton___
Buffalo_____________ ________
Newark-Jersey City.
. _____
New York____
_ _ ___
Philadelphia_________________
Pittsburgh___________________
Rochester____ _______ . . . .
Scranton_____________ _ ____
Trenton____________ ________
South:
Atlanta______________________
Birmingham______ ______ . . .
Houston___ _________________
Jacksonville__________________
M em phis____________ ______
New Orleans______ __________
Norfolk-Portsmouth..._______
Oklahoma City_______________
Richmond__________ . . . ____
Middle West:
Chicago_____________________
Cincinnati ... _______________
Cleveland_______ _ .. _______
Columbus____________ ______
Detroit____ ____ _ .. ________
Indianapolis__________________
Kansas City_________________
Louisville______________ _____
Milwaukee______ ___________
Minneapolis-St. Paul___ ______
St. Louis_____________________
Far West:
Denver______________________
Los Angeles__________________
Phoenix____________________
Salt Lake City___ _________ _
San Francisco-Oakland_________
Seattle______________________
Custodial
(4 jobs)
Warehous
ing and
shipping
(6 jobs)
93
90
85
89
94
93
91
95
91
86
82
86
96
92
100
103
100
96
100
94
88
95
95
91
101
105
100
91
100
95
80
97
91
87
98
101
100
91
102
92
84
94
88
90
101
91
85
80
89
80
90
74
70
74
63
68
60
73
72
73
69
77
78
64
67
68
68
75
71
107
95
100
94
111
97
99
101
102
99
101
106
90
98
90
113
94
91
87
102
97
94
103
93
100
91
111
89
93
88
100
93
95
92
106
97
92
111
104
86
103
85
88
114
108
84
105
86
87
113
106
Main
tenance
(7 jobs)
1 See footnote to table 1 for method of computation of the average.
Intercity wage relationships for plant job groups
were generally similar to those for office workers in
regions other than the South. For all plant jobs
combined (table 2) and for the custodial, and
warehousing and shipping job groups (table 3),
the southern cities were grouped at the bottom of
the city rankings. In the case of skilled mainte
nance trades, Houston workers’ pajT was well
above average, and pay levels in Jacksonville,
Richmond, and Birmingham also compared favor
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
ably with prevailing levels in the New England
cities, and Scranton, Denver, and Salt Lake City.
As suggested by these comparisons, skill differ
entials (measured on either a percentage or centsper-hour basis) tend to be greater in the South
than in other regions.
The industrial composition of the areas studied
varied substantially. Thus, the explanation for
some of the intercity wage differences may be
found in dissimilar industrial distributions of the
labor force. Manufacturing industries employed
more than half of the workers in each of the New
England and Middle Atlantic areas (except New
York City) and in the Middle West areas studied.
Nonmanufacturing industries dominated employ
ment in all southern areas except Birmingham and
all western areas except Los Angeles. Average
earnings for comparable occupations were usually
higher in manufacturing than in nonmanufactur
ing; the earnings advantage held by workers in
manufacturing was more consistent among office
jobs than among the indirect plant jobs studied.
However, Detroit and Chicago, centers of the
relatively high-wage automotive and metalworking
industries, respectively, ranked between New York
and San Francisco where trade, finance, and service
industries were comparatively more important.
Earnings of office and maintenance workers in the
southern cities compared favorably with New
England pay levels, despite the lower degree of
industrialization.
Occupational earnings of plant workers tended
to be highest in the largest cities, particularly
those in which a large proportion of the plant
workers were employed in establishments oper
ating under terms of union agreements. Of the
top 10 areas in the ranking (table 2), 7 were among
the 10 largest in population and 7 were among the
first 10 areas in a ranking by degree of unioniza
tion. 3 Of the last 10 areas (9 in the South)
in the earnings scale, only 5 ranked among the
10 smallest areas studied, but 8 were among the
lowest 10 in terms of collective-bargaining contract
coverage. Office-worker salary levels seemed
3
In 17 of the 40 areas, 75 percent or more of the plant workers were in estab
lishments with agreements covering such workers; in 7 areas, less than 50
percent were covered.
623
o O >,
w
°
^
o f t
! > 4 J 0o
25
CD
<M
4"
r~i
00
o
O »O
CD
-
CD
(M
¿
a-c-a-g
o O)2 ®
d -2 "Ö
Sd3i 6f
©
ft b<X
)2
§o£o
O
§ S° o3
E«
«w
>
O« S.3
d ,
03 ^
ÛflSS
a g c3
S' S i x
©
^3£
Jji COC
Ö8
d
A ©cS3 g g
3-biS >
Pm
ss
s¡
OO
00 O
»O N N O
* i o i o
t '- IO o o
o o
o o
OOTÓ
cq co
f CNcqc
¿ o ó o
o o o o
CD
S ft
.
S ig nificant provisions
4 Due to the limited amount of occupational earnings available from the
studies in these smaller areas, which were conducted at the request of the
Wage Stabilization Board, comparisons were made in individual jobs rather
than the comparable job groups upon which the tables are based.
i The table was prepared in the U. S. Labor Department’s Bureau of Em*
ployment Security by the Division of Legislation and Reference.
Because of the impossibility of giving qualifications and alternatives in
brief summary form, the Bureau of Employment Security recommends
that the State law and the State employment security agency be consulted for
authoritative information. The compilation here reproduced is designed
only for ready reference and comparative purposes.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8e
o
8
Os
*<
>»
CQ
-ft
co
cod
cq ^
«e
cod
a ï” ftgss
¿SS
as
.s-o - -
Ü
bß'vi
.3^O
’c3 ®
Partial
unem
ploy
ment
of State unemployment
insurance laws, under the Federal-State system,
are summarized for the individual States and
Territories, as of September 1, 1952, in the accom
panying table.1 Information is furnished as to the
requisite size of firm for coverage, the wage or
employment qualifications of the unemployed
worker for benefit, the waiting period, and the
computation, amount, and duration of benefit.
In general, the State laws cover employment in
most types of business and industry except employ
ment in the railroad industry, which is covered by
a separate Federal law.
!»
©'S
ft ^
d
o o if ©-2
ia^fl
I03 T§3
0(0 g 3
ft§ a
§JsS £ £
CO
a©
l-H
ft
10 à a
h § ft0
25.00
<*3- *9- V3Ó o
o o
s ài
§a0ga
s-ft
So nS-2
ua-j?£
* ~ ¡j!
S>>ÍgÍ t3l ”3
;
•3Sfö ©Aj
«•§•2
g
S'
3 ft M£ d <
O
'
0 ¡ko d
do
igsrei
0’S® g
TflÍ d
<3
3a I®
°
fo°d
gfe’HS
c3 o 4
so¡>
!|,.3
■
ri a o
Sä»
« X 3 03
o d o
s
CG
a
CO
CO
fO
as
M
cS
<
<
à
« .S
* 13
d
o
N
¡ 1
◄
■ a l
< ÎO
1 1 Hs ------------- ----------- 7.00 |
II
CO
g
State Unemployment Insurance
Laws, September 1, 1952
CD
©
TÍ
03
M
O
*o
O
d
o
o
©
o
O
Delaware______ ‘ 1 in 20 weeks— . .......... ' 30___............. ........ ........ 1 '
See footnotes at end of tame.
K a n n in e n
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
CD CD
rH (M
d
gguft3.2
ft .
—Toivo P.
o
<cq
3 2 0 -2 6
■O c3 d
20
© Ö
n d d
m u m
to be more often related to population size than to
degree of contract coverage. Union-contract
coverage of office workers ranged from less than
10 percent in 12 areas to 20 percent or more in only
8 areas.
Available data indicate that wage levels tended
to be lower in smaller cities than in nearby large
urban centers. Data collected by the Bureau in
cities of 50,000 to 200,000 population during the
last year 4 indicate that pay levels for comparable
jobs were substantially lower in the Augusta
(Ga.)-Aiken (S. C.) area than in Atlanta; in the
Green Bay and Manitowoc-Sheboygan areas of
Wisconsin than in Milwaukee; and in Pueblo,
Colo., as compared with Denver. However, as
among the 40 larger labor markets dealt with in
greater detail, a number of exceptions were noted
in which pay levels in smaller cities exceeded those
in larger cities in the same State or region.
M a x i
UNEMPLOYMENT IN SURANCE L A W S
M in i
m u m 5
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
S i g n i f i c a n t p r o v i s i o n s o f S t a t e u n e m p l o y m e n t l a w s , S e p t e m b e r 1 , 1 9 5 2 —Continued
Size of firm (minimum
number of employ
ees and/or size of
payroll in a calendar
year)
State
District of Co- 1 at any time_______
lurnbia.
Florida________ 8 in 20 weeks ...........
Initial
period
Qualifying wages or em
ployment in base pe
riod (number times
weekly benefit amount Total
unless otherwise indi unem
cated) 1
ploy
ment
25 up to $250__
Indiana_______ 8 in 20 w eek s___ .
Iowa
Kansas
8 in 15 weeks__
- ______ 8 in 20 weeks or 25 in 1
week.
quarters.
20
$100 in 2 quarters or $200
in 1 quarter.
Kentucky ____
Partial
unem
ploy
ment
1
1
M8-)^6-------------
1
1
Hs.
1
1
1
1
V l9 ~ H ä-
10. 00
1
1
Ho.
1
1
1
1
2
i
1
1
1
1
1
Maryland_____
0
1
1
M ichigan_____
1
1
at more than $8.
Minnesota . . . . . 1 in 20 weeks or 8 in 20
weeks.6
Mississippi-
1
$300 ___
_ 8 in 20 w eeks_______ 30 .
1
H3, plus $1 for each de
pendent up to $3.
20.00
$5______
5.00
20. 00
$5______
5. 00
25.00
25. 00
$2
H of wba.
Weighted schedule 4029 percent.
10. 00
27.00
$ 2.
Hs-
5.00
27.00
Weighted schedule 4632 percent.
Ho--------------------------Hs up to 50 percent of
State average weekly
wage, but not more
than $28.
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 2.71.2 percent.
5.00
5. 00
26.00
28.00
3 from other than regu
lar employer.
$3,
Ho---------------------- ------
5.00
7. 00
25.00
25. 00
6 . 008 . 00
25.0033.00
3 25. 00-
Hs—-
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 2.30.85 percent.
Ho, plus $2 for each de
pendent up to $8.
Ho, plus $2 for each de
pendent up to average
weekly wage.
67-53 percent of average
weekly wage plus $1 or
$2 per dependent, by
schedule $l-$8.
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 3.30.91 percent.
1
1
2
1
$300 .
1
1
H0-H3---------- ---------
Nevada_______
3 0 ................
o
0
1
2
Hs, plus $3 for each de
pendent up to $12 or 6
percent of high-quarter wages.
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 2.31.27 percent.
H 2 (effective benefit
years beginning Jan.
1, 1953, % of average
weekly wage).
New Jersey____
4 in 20 weeks _______
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
25 (effective benefit years
beginning Jan. 1,1953,
17 weeks employment
at average of $15).
0
c)
28.00
7.009. 00
6. 00-
7.00
27.0035. 00
____
H of wages.
Ho-----------------------------
3. 00
30.00
7 0.50
7. 00
25. 00
number
of
20
_do.
U____________
3 18+
3 12+
6+
6
+
Uniform
weeks.
number
Uniform
weeks.
number
of
26
7+
Wba, if wages are less
than H basic wba; H
wba, if wages are at
least H basic wba.4
% weeks of employment.
Weighted schedule 4723 percent.
Uniform
weeks.
H-
20. 00
24.00
7+
Uniform
weeks.
121+
$3_____ _______
10. 00
H5-----------------
H 2 -----------------------------
% of wba.
Wba, if wages are less
than H wba; H wba,
if wages are at least H
wba.
$3_____________ _____
Uniform
weeks.
number
8 . 00-
25. 0037. 00
7. 00
28. 00
$3.
Uniform
weeks.
10.00
30. 00
$3 (effective benefit years
beginning Jan. 1,1953,
wba, if wages are less
than H wba; H wba,
if wages are at least H
wba).
H
14
of
number
H—___ _____
11.00
9+
16
( 7)
18
24
18
3 12+
20
26
number
of
(effective benefit
years beginning Jan.
1, 1953, % weeks of
employment).
26
26
26
MONTHLY LABOR
1
New Hampshire. 4 in 20 w eek s_______ $300___
112+
1$ 20. 00
Wages in 2 quarters 7
30 ....................
1 at any time and $225
in any quarter.
Weeks of bene
Computation (fraction fits for total un
employment
of total base-period
wage credits unless
otherwise indicated)
Mini Maxi
mum 5 mum
$3.007. 00
5.00
Missouri_______ 8 in 20 weeks _ . . . .
M o n ta n a ..____ 1 in 20 weeks or over
$500 in a year.
Nebraska______ 8 in 20 weeks or $10,000
in any quarter.
(8)
Maxi
mum 3
Partial unemployment
(weekly benefit less
wages in excess of
specified earnings al
lowance) 4
Duration [of benefits] in 52-week period
LAWS
0
Massachusetts... 1 in 13 weeks________ $500 .
8 in 20 weeks________
Mini
mum 3
1
1
30; and $156 in 1 quarter..
Total unemploy
ment
1
4 in 3 quarters of pre- $300.
ceding year, each
with wages of $50 in
each quarter, or 8 in
20 weeks.
Louisiana______ 4 in 20 weeks . . . ___ 30
Maine_______
8 in 20 weeks............. . $300
1 at any time_______
Weekly benefit amount for 1—
Computation of weeklybenefit amount (frac
tion of high-quarter
wages unless other
wise indicated)2
U N E M PLO YM E N T IN SU R A N C E
30; and wages in 2 qnarters.
Georgia_______ 8 in 20 weeks.__ ___ 35-42+; $100 in 1 quarter and wages in 2
quarters.
Hawaii________ 1 at any time_______ 30___
Idaho_____ ____ 1 at any time and $75 25-38; $150 in 1 quarter
in any quarter.
and wages in 2 quarters.
Illinois __ ______ 6 in 20 w eeks_______ $400
waiting
(weeks)
os
to
North Dakota__ 8 in 20 weeks________ 30; and wages in 2 quar
ters.
Ohio
____
3 at any tim e .......... .
20 weeks of employment;
$240, and $80 in 1 quar
ter.
1
Plus $2.50 for
each dependent up to
$5.
1
1
Ho------------------------
8 in 20 weeks -.
1 at any time. ..
_.
West Virginia__ 8 in 20 weeks----- . . .
Wisconsin_____
6 in 18 weeks or $10,000
in any quarter or
$6,000 in any year.
Wyoming______ 1 at any time and $500
in any year.
30; and $50 in 1 quarter
Ho------------------------
% __________________
H___________________
10.00
30. 00
$5___________________
10.00
25.00
________
Weighted schedule 4334 percent.
$5___________________ Weighted schedule 3527 percent.
$1___________________ Uniform number of
weeks.
Weighted schedule 36$3___________ ______
22 percent.
1
1
Ho------------------------
5.00
20.00
1
1
H0-H3----.---------------
8.00
22.00
1
1
Hi-Hs--------------------
5.00
22.00
$5___________________
Uniform number of
weeks.
.. H __________________
1
1
Ho........... ..... ......... .
7.00
20.00
$3 _______ _____ _
1
1
Ho------------------------
10. 00
27.50
1
1
M8-H6----------------------
6. 00
25. 00
Hs------------------------
6. 00
$6___________________ Weighted schedule in
percentage of average
State wage (43-31 per
cent) .
Uniform
number of
$3— .................................
weeks.
_______________
$2
J4
$8___________________ Weighted schedule 2531 percent.
25 (16+ if wba is $6)— .
$600_______________
1
1
1
1
$300_______________
1
0
14 weeks of employment
at $12 or more.
1
1
25; and $70 in 1 quarter...
1
1
26
6+
8+
13
410+
18
4 10
22
4 5+
4 16
20
6
15
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 1.71.2 percent.
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 2.71.0 percent.
68- 51 percent of average
weekly wage.
1 0 .0 0
22. 00
30.00
8. 00
25.00
$6.___ ______________
of
23
9. 00
30.00
10
Ho, plus $3 for each de
pendent up to $6 or 8
percent of high-quar
ter wages.
7. OO10.00
25. 0031.00
Wba, if wages less than J4o weeks of employment.
H wba; H wba, if
wages are at least H
wba.
$3
_________ u __________________
Uniform
weeks.
number
6
20
if qualifying wages are concentrated largely or wholly in the high quarter, weekly benefit for claimants
1 Weekly benefit amount abbreviated in columns as wba.
with minimum qualifying wages may be higher than the minimum shown and consequently weeks
2 The fraction of high-quarter wages applies between the minimum and maximum amounts. When
of benefits are less than minimum weeks of benefits shown. In Alaska, Delaware, and New Jersey,
State uses a weighted table, approximate fractions are figured at midpoint of brackets between mini
statutory minimum; in Illinois and Utah, statutory minimum of 10 and 15 weeks respectively not
mum and maximum. When dependents’ allowances are provided, the fraction applies to the basic
applicable at minimum weekly benefit amount. In New Jersey, 13 weeks, effective as to benefit
benefit amount. With annual wage formula, fraction is minimum and maximum percentage used in
years beginning Jan. 1, 1953.
any wage bracket. With average weekly wage formula, percentage is figured at midpoint of the
4 Employers of less than 8 (not subject to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act) outside the corpo
highest and lowest closed wage brackets.
2
When two amounts are given, higher includes dependents’ allowances, except in Colorado where rate limits of a city, village, or borough of 10,000 population or more are not liable for contributions.
2 If the benefit is less than $5, benefits are paid at the rate of $5 a week; no qualifying wages and no
higher amount includes 25 percent additional for claimants employed in Colorado by covered employ
minimum specified.
ers for five consecutive years with wages in excess of $1,000 per year and no benefits received; weeks of
4 No partial benefits paid, but earnings not exceeding the greater of $7 or 1 day’s work of 8 hours are
duration for such claim ants increased to 26 weeks. Higher figure for minimum weekly benefit amount
disregarded for total unemployment.
includes maximum allowance for one dependent at minimum weekly amount. In the District of
8 The 1 week waiting period becomes compensable when benefits become payable for the third con
Columbia same maximum with or without dependents. Maximum augmented payment to individ
secutive week following the waiting period.
uals with dependents not shown for Massachusetts since any figure presented would be based on an
i° Waiting period is four “effective days” accumulated in 1-4 weeks. “Effective day” is defined
assumed maximum number of dependents (highest paid $51).
as the fourth and every subsequent day of total unemployment in a week for which not more than
* In all States with dependents’ allowances, except Michigan, a claimant receives full allowance for
$30 is paid. Partial benefits are one-fourth of weekly benefit amount for 1 to 3 effective days.
weeks of partial unemployment; in Michigan, claimant eligible for one-half wba gets one-half depend
Source: U. S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Employment Security, Division of Legislation and
ents’ allowances.
Reference.
4 Figure shown applies to claimants with minimum weekly benefit and minimum qualifying wages;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
U N E M PLO YM E N T IN SU R A N C E L A W S
Virginia
___Washington
. ____
$2
$2
10. 0012.50
1
1
8 in 20 weeks
22. 00
25.00
$3
1
Vermont
6. 00
15.00
25. 0031.00
$ 2- $ 6 .
M7-H 4 ,
30; and $120 in 1 quarter..
.
412
7.009.00
1
1 at any time_______
8 in 20 weeks__
H ___________________
$2
Rhode Island___ 4 in 20 weeks________ $300.......................... ..........
__
$2_________
(I0) __________________
30. 00
Pennsylvania__
Utah ____ ____ 1 at any time and $140
in any quarter.
28.0033. 00
30. 00
7. 00
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 3.751.37 percent.
Hs--------- -— -------. —
Texas
20
67- 52 percent of average
weekly wage.
Annual wage formula;
weighted schedule 2.81.0 percent.
1 Hi, plus $1 or $2 per de
pendent, by schedule
10.00
0
1
1
and 1H times highquarter wages.
30 (25 if wba is $5), and
$50 in 1 quarter.
$200 and wages in 2 quar
ters.
19 weeks of employment
and $368.
___ d o ______ _______
10 2-4
1
1
8 in 20 weeks____
. . .
1
0
$400____ ____ _____
Tennessee
26
25. 00
20____
30; and $100in 1 quarter..
Uniform number of
weeks.
___ do_______ ___ _ __
10.00
8 in 20 weeks 4 in 6 weeks and $500
in same quarter.
South Dakota__ 8 in 20 weeks________ $225; $150 in 1 quarter
12
1
Oklahoma
Oregon. _____
South Carolina.. 8 in 20 weeks_______
____ ___
%___________________
$3
1
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
New Mexico -- _ 1 at any time and $450 30; and $156 in 1 quarter..
in any quarter or 2 in
13 weeks.
New York___ . 4 in 15 days................. 20 weeks of employment
at average of $15.
$250_________________
North Carolina- _ 8 in 20 weeks - _ ..
626
W A G E S IN P U L P A N D P A P E R M ILL S
Wages in Pulp, Paper, and
Paperboard Mills, April 1952
Earnings Variations
P roduction w orkers in pulp, paper, and paperboard mills averaged $1.52 an hour in April 1952,
exclusive of premium pay for overtime and lateshift work, according to a survey made by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Hourly earnings of
individual workers ranged from less than 90 cents
to more than $2.50. Among the occupational
groups selected for study, paper-machine tenders
had the highest average hourly earnings ($1.97)
and janitors, the lowest ($1.35 for men and $1.23
for women).
The work force consists mainly of men; only
about 5 percent of the production workers were
women. Most workers were paid on a time basis,
less than 10 percent receiving incentive payments.
The industry is predominantly unionized.
1.— P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s
i n p u lp , p a p e r , a n d p a p e r b o a rd m ills, b y average
str a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a r n i n g s 1 a n d region, A p r i l 1 9 5 2
T able
Mid
Upper
Average hourly
United New dle Cen South Lake Mid Pa
earnings 1 (in cents) States Eng
At
tral
States west cific
land lantic
Under 9 0 - .......... _
90 and under 95___
95 and under 100___
100 and under 105 _
105 and under 110--.
110 and under 115__
115 and under 120__
120 and under 125__
125 and under 130__
130 and under 135__
135 and under 140 - __
140 and under 145__
145 and under 150__
150 and under 155__
155 and under 160__
160 and under 165- _
165 and under 170__
170 and under 175__
175 and under 180180 and under 185__
185 and under 190__
190 and under 195__
195 and under 200_ __
200 and under 205__
205 and under 210__
210 and under 215__
215 and under 220__
220 and under 225 _
225 and under 230__
230 and under 235__
235 and under 240__
240 and under 245 _
245 and under 250__
250 and over______
T otal,-...........
(2)
0.2
.2
.7
1.2
2.0
3.1
3.8
9.5
8.8
10.0
9.2
7.6
5.3
4.6
4.0
5.6
4.4
3.6
2.9
2.3
1.7
1.4
.7
1.6
2.8
.6
.5
.5
.3
.2
.1
.1
.5
0
0
0.8
2.4
2.5
6.4
7.1
8.6
15.5
14.9
11.0
7.3
5.6
4.1
3.9
3.7
1.9
1.5
1.0
.5
.3
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
0
(2)
0
.1
0.1
.7
1.6
1.5
2.5
6.1
10.2
9.9
13.9
9.5
8.8
6.3
6.3
4.3
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.5
2.3
1.2
.6
.6
.4
.4
.1
.6
0
.2
0
0
.1
.4
0. 2
1.8
1.4
3.4
5.1
3.0
2.7
4.7
6.6
9.1
11.5
6.4
7.1
4.1
3.7
3.9
2.8
4.1
3.2
4.1
1.9
2.3
1.7
.8
2.3
1.1
.1
.4
.3
.1
0
0
.1
0
0
0.1
.6
.4
4.5
4.5
2.4
20.9
7.0
6.1
7.1
6.2
3.4
3.3
3.7
4.5
2.5
2.0
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.5
.8
2.1
7.8
1.2
.6
.4
.5
.2
.1
.1
1.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0
0
0.6
1.2
3.0
7.0
4.6
9.2
17.9
12.5
8.9
7.1
6.1
3.9
3.9
3.6
4.1
2.6
1.2
.4
.4
.3
.8
.2
.1
.2
.1
0
.1
0
0
0. 2
.1 0
.2 (0
1.7
0.1
2.0
.2
4.6 0
12.5
.1
11.5
1.0
10.0
.6
10.0
.2
8.4
.1
6.6
.3
5.2
.3
4.7 20.8
3.7 15.6
3.9 11.7
3.1
7.2
1.8
7.0
1.2
5.7
2.0
4.2
1.0
2.0
.7
6.8
7.3
.8
.6
1.6
.6
1.8
1.7
.8
.5
.8
.4
.7
.2
.8
.3
.2
1.2
.7
100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of workers—173,173 29, 508 29,196 16, 576 35, 287 22,187 22, 111 18,308
Av e r a g e h o u r l y
earnings 1_______ $1. 52 $1.39 $1. 47 $1. 46 $1.53 $1. 51 $1. 55 $1.86
* Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work.
1 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
Approximately a fifth of the production workers
in the industry had straight-time hourly earnings
of less than $1.30 and about the same proportion
earned $1.75 or more (table 1). The percentages
of workers in these earnings groups were roughly
the same for pulp mills (including pulp depart
ments of integrated mills) and for paper and
paperboard mills. Workers in pulp mills averaged
$1.53, and in paper and paperboard mills, $1.52
an hour.
About two-fifths of the 173,000 production
workers were employed in the 46 selected occupa
tions for which data are shown separately.2 (See
table 2.) Among the pulp department jobs,
cooks (digester operators) and recovery operators
averaged $1.88 an hour; crane operators, $1.87;
chippermen, $1.48; and grinder men $1.44.
Beater men, in the stock preparation department,
had average earnings of $1.47 and hydrapulper
operators, $1.45.
For the selected machine-room jobs, hourly
earnings of paper-machine tenders averaged $1.97;
back tenders, $1.72; third hands, $1.57; and
fourth and fifth hands, $1.45 each. Workers who
were employed on wider machines generally had
higher average earnings than those engaged in the
operation of narrower machines. Nationally,
paper-machine tenders averaged $1.77 an hour on
machines 100 inches or less in width, $1.97 on 101to 150-inch machines, $2.31 on 151- to 200-inch
machines, and $2.65 on machines wider than 200
inches. The corresponding average earnings for
back tenders amounted to $1.54, $1.71, $2.02,
and $2.33, respectively.
Millwrights, who constituted the largest group
of workers in the maintenance jobs studied, earned,
on the average, $1.80 an hour in April 1952.
1 The survey covered establishments primarily engaged in the production
of pulp, paper, or paperboard and employing more than 50 workers. Mills
which manufacture converted paper products in addition to producing the
paper stock from which such products are made were also included in the
study. Earnings of workers in the converted paper-products departments,
however, were not included in the wage data.
Approximately 237,000 workers were employed in the industry as defined
for this study; 173,000 were classified as production workers.
Information was collected by field representatives under the direction of
the Bureau’s regional wage and industrial relations analysts. More detailed
information for each region studied is available on request.
2 In addition to information for all workers in each of these jobs, wage
data also are presented, insofar as possible, for the pulp-production jobs by
type of pulp and for the paper and paperboard jobs by type of paper or board.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
627
W A G E S IN P U L P A N D P A P E R M IL L S
Other maintenance jobs surveyed included ma
chinists ($1.83), pipe fitters ($1.86), and elec
tricians ($1.87). Power truckers, most of whom
operated fork-lift trucks, averaged $1.48 an hour.
Regional Differences
Over-all average hourly earnings for production
workers in five of the seven regions 3 varied little
from the $1.52 average for the United States, rang
ing from $1.46 in the Central region to $1.55 in
the Midwest. Workers in New England averaged
$1.39 and in the Pacific region, $1.86 an hour.
Regional averages for pulp-mill workers ranged
from $1.37 in New England to $1.87 on the Pacific
coast and for paper- and paper-board-mill workers,
from $1.40 in New England to $1.85 in the Pacific
States.
For most occupations, earnings levels were high
est in the Pacific region, where a majority of the
averages were 30 cents or more above the national
level. The lowest average earnings for the various
selected occupations were usually found in the New
England, Middle Atlantic, and Central regions.
In the 26 occupational groups for which average
earnings data could be compared for all regions,
the differences between the lowest and the highest
regional averages ranged from 26 to 45 percent.
T a b l e 2 .— A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s
Department and occupation, by type of product
1 in
Number
of
workers
Related Wage Practices
A work schedule of 40 hours a week for first-shift
workers was in effect in April 1952 in mills employ
ing almost three-fourths of the workers. The 40hour week was the predominant work schedule in
each of the regions. Approximately a sixth of the
workers in the industry were employed in plants
with a 48-hour weekly schedule.
As continuous machine operation is common in
this industry, nearly half of the workers were em
ployed on late shifts. They were about equally
divided between the second and the third shifts.
Shift differentials were usually provided, the most
common amounts being 4 or 5 cents an hour on the
second shift and 6 or 10 cents for third-shift work.
Paid vacations were almost universally pro
vided. Approximately 95 percent of the workers
were employed in plants granting 1 week after 1
year’s service and 2 weeks after 5 years. In mills
employing more than three-fourths of the workers,
3
The regions for which separate data are available include: New England—
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania;
Central—Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and
West Virginia; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas; Upper Lake States—Minnesota,
Wisconsin, and Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Midwest—Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Lower Michigan; Pacific—California,
Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.
se le c te d p r o d u c t i o n o c c u p a t i o n s i n p u l p , p a p e r , a n d p a p e r b o a r d m i l l s ,
A p r il 1952
Average
hourly
earnings
Department and occupation, by type of product
Number Average
hourly
of
workers earnings
Men Workers
Pulp Mills—Continued
Pulp Mills
Wood yard and wood preparation:
Crane operators____________
Sulphate_______________
Sulphite_______________
Groundwood----------------Nonchemical, fibrous____
Barkers, drum........ ..................
Sulphate_______________
Sulphite_________ ____
Groundwood___________
Barkers, hydraulic 2_________
Sulphite............... -.............
Sawyers A.................................
Sulphate............... ............
Sulphite_______________
Groundwood......................
Chippermen..............................
Sulphate................. ...........
Sulphite.............................
Nonchemical, fibrous.........
Knife grinders 2.........................
Sulphate..............................
Sulphite..............................
Saw filers 2......... .......................
Sulphite..............................
Pulp making:
Cooks (digester operators).......
Sulphate..................- .........
Sulphite.............................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
619
359
175
59
26
440
158
178
104
105
78
253
57
125
54
741
388
306
47
137
59
70
96
46
$1.87
1.96
1.74
1.75
1.85
1.38
1.38
1.41
1.33
1.66
1.65
1.63
1.61
1.67
1.40
1.48
1.45
1.50
1.52
1.62
1.61
1.62
1.83
1.82
643
323
320
1.88
1.92
1.85
Pulp making—Continued
Cook helpers, first............... .........................
Sulphate....................................... .........
Sulphite........................... ............. .........
Grinder men......................... ........ ........ —
Blow-pit men (sulphite)_________ ____
Washer operators (sulphate)____________
Screenmen2--------- ----------- ------- -------- Sulphate------------------------------------Sulphite_____ ________ _____ _____
Groundwood........................................
Bleacher men..................... .......................
Sulphate.................... ..................... —
Sulphite.......... .......................................
Wet-machine operators..............................
Sulphate_____ ____-...........................
Sulphite----- -------------------------------Groundwood _____________________
Nonchemical, fibrous--------------------Pulp testers............................. -................
Sulphate............................. ........... ......
Sulphite---------- --------------------------Recovery, caustic, and acid making:
Acid makers (sulphite)----------------------Evaporator operators (sulphate)............. .
Recovery operators (sulphate)...................
Recovery helpers, first (sulphate)---------Caustic operators (eausticisers) (sulphate)
Lime-kiln operators (sulphate)................ .
684
375
309
1,059
305
312
731
264
315
135
412
186
226
710
163
296
180
71
574
290
284
$1.58
1.63
1.52
1.44
1.48
1.75
1.56
1.57
1.57
1.49
1.77
1.84
1.71
1.51
1.61
1.50
1.41
1.63
1.50
1.50
1.50
306
299
360
403
282
250
1.66
1.77
1.88
1.66
1.75
1.72
628
MONTHLY LABOR
W A G E S IN P U L P A N D P A P E R M IL L S
T a b l e 2 . — Average
straight-time hourly earnings1 m selected -production occupations in pulp, paper, and paperboard mills,
April 1952— C o n tin u e d
Department and occupation, by type of product
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
Department and occupation, by type of product
Number Average
of
hourly
workers earnings
Men Workers—Continued
Paper and Paperboard Mills
Paper and Paperboard Mills—Continued
Stock preparation:
Head stock preparers, Group I . ...........
Newsprint and groundwood_____
Fine grades________ _____ ______
Tissue—............................................... .
Kraft................................. .................
Specialties_____________________
Cylinder board—............................. .
Fourdrinier board______________
Head stock preparers, Group II........ .
Newsprint and groundwood_____
Fine grades..._______ ___________
Tissue......... .......................................
Kraft.................................................... .
Specialties_____________________
Cylinder board...................... ...........
Fourdrinier board______________
Beater men________________________
Newsprint and groundwood_____
Fine grades__________ ___________
Tissue......... ....................................... .
Kraft__________________________
Specialties________________ ____ _
Cylinder board_________________
Fourdrinier board......................... .
Hydrapulper operators_____________
Newsprint and groundwood........ .
Fine grades................ .............. ..........
Tissue............. .....................................
Kraft___ ____ __________________
Specialties_____ ________ _______
Cylinder board—_____ __________
Fourdrinier board_________ _____
Machine room:
Paper-machine tenders.......... .................
Newsprint and groundwood.........
Fine grades.........................................
Tissue.................................................
Kraft_________ ____ _____ ____ _
Specialties______________________
Cylinder board............... ...................
Fourdrinier board..............................
Back tenders_______________ _______
Newsprint and groundwood_____
Fine grades.___________ _____ ___
Tissue...................................................
Kraft....... ................ ............. ..............
Specialties______________________
Cylinder board_________ _______
Fourdrinier board.......... .............. .
Third hands_______________________
Newsprint and groundwood........ .
Fine grades_____________________
Tissue___________________ ____ _
Kraft—................. ................................
Specialties______________________
Cylinder board_________________
Fourdrinier board_______ _______
Fourth hands______________________
Newsprint and groundwood...........
Fine grades_____________________
Tissue______ _____ _____________
Kraft______ ____ _______________
Specialties_________ ____ ________
Cylinder board_________________
Fourdrinier board.......................... .
Fifth hands________________________
Newsprint and groundwood_____
Fine grades________________ ____
Tissue_________________________
Kraft__________________________
Specialties________ _____________
Cylinder board_________ ________
Fourdrinier b o a r d ...____________
Finishing, roll:
Calender operators___ ____ _________
Newsprint and groundwood........ .
Fine grades......... ................ ................
T issu e...---------------------------- -----Kraft______ ____ ___ _____ ______
Specialties........... .................................
Finishing, roll—Continued
Calender helpers_______________ _______
Newsprint and groundwood........... .........
Fine grades___________ ___________ _
Tissue_____________________________
Kraft..... .....................................................
Specialties.................... ............. ................
Rewinder operators_______ _____ _______
Newsprint and groundwood__________
Fine grades..... ........... ............ .................
Tissue.......... ........... ...... ....................... .
Kraft_______________________ _____ _
Specialties__________________________
Cylinder board___ ________________ _
Fourdrinier board_________ ________ _
Rewinder helpers__ ____ ________________
Newsprint and groundwood___________
Fine grades_________________________
Tissue________________ _____________
Kraft______________________________
Specialties___________________ _____ _
Cylinder board____________ _____ ___
Fourdrinier board___ ____ ___________
Finishing, sheet:
Cutters, guillotine type (cut or trim)_______
Newsprint and groundwood___________
Fine grades__________________ ______
Tissue____________ ____ _____________
K raft..._________ __________________
Specialties_________________ ______ _
Cylinder board___________ ______ ___
Fourdrinier board________ ____ ______
Cutters, rotary or sheet__________________
Newsprint and groundwood____ _____
Fine grades------------------------------------- Tissue____________________ ________
Kraft___ _____ ____________________
Specialties_________ _____________ ___
Cylinder board___________ __________
Fourdrinier board___________________
Laboratory:
Paper testers_______________ ______ ____
Newsprint and groundwood___________
Fine grades................................ ,_______
Tissue___ ____________ ______ ______
Kraft______________________________
Specialties____ __________ _____ ____
Cylinder board______________________
Fourdrinier board_______ ______ _____
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and nightwork.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
718
25
245
55
117
90
154
32
1,028
39
332
89
52
96
344
76
4,520
243
1,345
296
553
371
1,483
229
1,123
48
210
109
131
130
423
72
$1.78
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.85
1.77
1.82
1.76
1.68
1.83
1.77
1.58
1.63
1.65
1.61
1.77
1.47
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.47
1.41
1.45
1.42
1.47
1.69
1.38
1.47
1.42
1.29
4,374
265
1,293
738
551
395
808
324
4,258
273
1,310
735
514
381
750
295
3. 910
263
1.188
560
508
385
756
250
3,638
263
1,037
378
440
240
1,050
230
1,763
187
451
129
365
67
364
200
1.97
2.25
1.90
2.01
2.16
1.92
1.82
2.05
1.72
2.03
1.63
1.75
1.92
1.67
1.60
1.79
1.57
1.77
1.50
1.61
1.75
1.53
1.46
1.65
1.45
1.50
1.41
1.48
1.58
1.44
1. 42
1.48
1.45
1.46
1.41
1.50
1.49
1.41
1.44
1.42
1,157
27
800
100
28
202
1.64
1.72
1.64
1.50
1.68
1.66
1,130
65
776
83
23
183
1,569
54
552
289
142
339
132
61
1,031
59
474
121
152
146
47
32
$1.45
1.47
1.44
1.34
1.53
1.52
1.51
1.51
1.53
1.42
1.60
1.52
1.52
1.54
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.30
1.41
1.40
1.59
1.37
1,448
45
857
32
46
88
320
60
1,329
34
719
42
73
84
286
91
1.53
1.51
1.58
1. 55
1. 51
1.53
1.43
1.37
1.49
1.55
1.50
1.53
1.57
1.53
1.40
1.56
1,450
96
455
111
343
92
218
135
1.49
1. 47
1.47
1.49
1.48
1.50
1.53
1.50
2, 211
2,293
2,851
1,907
5,287
1,869
1,934
3,135
2,343
792
1.87
1.58
1.35
1.83
1.80
1.53
1.86
1.48
1.48
1. 51
26
$1.36
158
53
25
23
26
1.38
1. 35
1.18
1.51
1.44
134
1.23
Miscellaneous
E lectricians, maintenance_____________ ______
Firemen, stationary boiler...................... ................
Janitors_________________ ._________________
Machinists, maintenance___ ________________
Millwrights, pulp and paper_________________
Oilers_____________________ _______________
Pipe fitters, maintenance____________________
Truckers, power...___ ____________ _________
Fork-lift_______________________________
Other than fork-lift___________ ____ ______
Women Workers
Pulp Mills
Pulp making: Pulp testers_____________
Paper and Paperboard Mills
Laboratory:
Paper testers 2____ _______________
Fine grades.............................. .......
Tissue_______________ ________
Specialties____________________
Fourdrinier board_____________
Miscellaneous
Janitresses___________ _______________
2 Includes data for types of pulp, paper, or paperboard not shown sep
arately.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
E A R N IN G S
IN
WOOD
a third week of paid vacation was provided after
15 years’ service.
Nearly all establishments granted paid holidays,
the number ranging from two to eight a year. Al
most half of the workers were employed in mills
reporting six paid holidays and a fourth in plants
providing four paid holidays annually.
Insurance or pension plans, financed at least
partially by the employer, were in effect in nearly
all establishments studied. Health insurance,
hospitalization, and life insurance were provided
by mills employing three-fourths or more of the
workers. Retirement pension plans were reported
by plants with approximately three-fifths of the
workers.
— F red W. M ohr
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
Earnings in the
Wood-Furniture Industry, July 1952
F U R N IT U R E
629
in the industry. Earnings of women in this occu
pation generally averaged below those of men.
Their area averages ranged from 84 cents to $1.46
an hour, compared with 93 cents to $1.72 for men.
In three areas, however, men and women hand
sanders had the same wage levels.
The wood-furniture (except upholstered) indus
try is concentrated primarily in the Southern and
Great Lakes States. About half of the 42,000
workers covered by the study were employed in
the 3 southern areas surveyed and nearly a third
in the 5 Great Lakes areas. Earnings in the south
ern areas averaged $1.02 or $1.03 an hour and in
the Great Lakes areas, from $1.29 to $1.42.
Among the numerically important men’s occu
pations covered were case-goods assemblers, hand
sanders, sprayers, and machine off-bearers. Area
wage levels in these occupations ranged, respec
tively, from $1.07 to $1.79, 93 cents to $1.72,
$1.07 to $1.79, and 89 cents to $1.38. General
utility-maintenance men were among the highest
paid workers studied, and earned, on the average,
from $1.24 an hour in Jasper-Tell City, Ind., to
$1.89 in Los Angeles.
Related Wage Practices
of men in 11 leading woodfurniture manufacturing centers in July 1952
averaged from $1.02 in Winston-Salem-High Point,
N. C., to $1.59 in Los Angeles, Calif., according
to a study made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.1
In 8 of the 11 areas, their earnings exceeded $1.25
an hour. Men comprised from 80 to 85 percent
of the industry’s production work force.
Average hourly earnings of women, by area,
ranged from 84 cents in Hickory-Statesville, N. C.,
and Martinsville, Va., to $1.49 in Los Angeles.
Women’s earnings averaged from $1.15 to $1.18
an hour in 5 of the 11 areas studied (4 areas were
located in the Great Lakes region, the other area
was Jamestown, N. Y.).
Women hand sanders typically represented from
15 to 20 percent of the area employment of women
H ourly e a r n in g s
i
The study was limited to wood-furniture plants employing 21 or more
workers and manufacturing wood household furniture (except upholstered) ;
wood cabinets for radios, television receivers, sewing machines; and wood
office furniture. Approximately 42,000 workers were employed in estab
lishments covered by the survey. Information was collected by field repre
sentatives under the direction of the Bureau’s regional wage and industrial
relations analysts.
The wage data are exclusive of premium pay for overtime and late-shift
work. More detailed information for each of the 11 areas studied is available
on request.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A scheduled workweek of 40 hours was most
prevalent in a majority of the areas studied in
July 1952. This schedule applied to all workers
in the wood-furniture industry in Los Angeles, to
over nine-tenths of those in Martinsville, and to
at least half in three other areas. Most of the
wood-furniture workers in three areas and from
45 to 50 percent in four other areas had a work
schedule of 45 or more hours a week.
Paid holidays, ranging from 1 to 6 a year, were
granted to most of the wood-furniture production
workers in 8 of the .11 areas studied. In seven
areas, four or more paid holidays were most
common. Over nine-tenths of the industry’s
workers in Chicago and all of those in Rockford
were granted six paid holidays a year. Paidholiday provisions were least common in the
southern areas where less than a sixth of the
wood-furniture workers benefited from such pro
visions.
Paid vacations were the established policy of
wood-furniture plants employing at least 80 per
cent of the production work force in 10 areas and
slightly more than 50 percent in the other area
630
W AG E CHRONOLOGY NO. 82
MONTHLY LABOR
Straight-time average hourly earnings1for selected occupations in wood-furniture (>except upholstered) establishments in selected
areas, J u ly 1952
Occupation and sex
Chicago,
11 1 .
FitchGrand HickoryJames
burgStatestown,
Gardner, Rapids,
ville,
Mich.
N. Y.
Mass.
N. C.
JasperTell
City,
Ind.
Los
Martins
Angeles,
ville,
Calif.
Va.
Rock
ford,
11 1 .
Sheboy
gan,
Wis.
WinstonSalemHigh
Point,
N. C.
All Plant Occupations
All workers_________________________
Men__ ___ _ _ ___________ _ _
Women ______________________
Selected Plant Occupations
Men:
Assemblers, case goods, _________
Assemblers, chairs________ _ _____
Cut-off saw operators_____________
Gluers, rough stock..... ........... ...........
Maintenance men, general utility__
Off-bearers, machine____ _________
Packers, furniture_______________
Rubbers, hand.______ ___________
Sanders, b e lt.................. ........... ........
Sanders, hand________________ ..
Shaper operators, hand, set-up and
operate. . ____________________
Sprayers_______________________
Women:
Off-bearers, machine_______ _____
Sanders, hand___________________
Selected Office Occupations
Women:
Bookkeepers, hand_______________
Stenographers, general_________ .
Typists, class A ________ ________
Typists, class B _________________
$1. 42
1.45
1.17
$1.27
1.32
1.09
$1.39
1.42
1.17
$1.03
1.04
.84
$1.43
1.47
1.15
$1. 29
1.29
1.32
1.53
1.73
1.48
1.35
1.32
1.31
1.24
1.37
1.38
1.03
1.17
1.54
1.39
1.72
1.54
1.65
1.47
1.29
1. 57
1.14
.99
1. 79
1 .1 2
1.33
1.33
1.48
1.32
1. 51
1.53
1.42
1.36
1. 29
1.24
1.25
1.24
1.19
1.30
1.60
1.40
1. 52
.92
1.23
1. 76
1.35
1.6 8
1.18
1.45
1.46
1.57
1.35
1.6 8
1.0 0
.99
1.25
.89
.98
. 97
1.2 0
1.49
$1. 59
1.59
1.49
$1.03
1.04
.84
$1.35
1.38
1.18
$1.31
1.35
1.16
1.65
1.1 0
1. 44
1 52
1.18
1.05
1. 29
. 90
.95
1.37
1 31
1 31
1 33
1 53
1 41
1 fil
1. 71
1 . 60
1.89
1.38
1.55
1 85
1.1 0
1 . 26
1 1Q
$1 .0 2
1 02
.95
1 07
. y©
1 10
97
1 27
QO
1 20
94
1 . 60
. 94
.98
1. 67
1. 54
1. 32
1. 24
1.70
1.46
1.18
. 93
1 25
1 35
1 07
93
1.55
1.57
1.18
1.09
1. 51
1.75
1.41
1.38
1.87
1. 79
1.18
1.07
1. 50
1.50
1.40
1.54
1.13
1.07
1.11
1.08
1.16
. 84
1.10
1.24
1.46
1.14
1.25
.93
1.03
1.89
1.30
1.14
1.03
.80
1.12
11.44
21
1. 54
1.10
1.13
1.27
.96
1.02
1.1 1
1 . 62
1. 46
1 . 11
08
. 93
1.
.96
1.21
.94
1 Excluding premium pay for overtime and night work.
studied. The typical provision was a 1-week
vacation after a year’s service and 2 weeks after
5 years’ service.
Insurance plans, financed wholly or in part by
the employer, were prevalent in the industry.
Most of the industry’s workers in each area were
covered by health-insurance plans, and a majority
in 10 of the 11 areas by hospitalization and lifeinsurance plans. In each of five areas, health
insurance, hospitalization, and life-insurance plans
were of equal importance and covered over seveneighths of the workers. Retirement-pension plans
were reported for nearly half of the wood-furniture
workers in Sheboygan, for a seventh of those in
Hickory-Statesville, and for less than a twelfth in
three other areas.
•— J ohn F. L aciskey
Wage Chronology No. 32:
American Viscose Corp., 1945-51
try’s 65,000 workers are employed by 4 companies,
which own and operate 18 plants and account for
more than 80 percent of the industry’s yearly
output.
American Viscose Corp. operates seven plants
located in Marcus Hook, Meadville, and Lewistown, Pa.; Front Royal and Roanoke, Va.; and
in Parkersburg and Nitro, W. Va. Five of these
plants produce rayon-viscose yarn; one makes
acetate yarn; and one manufactures rayon fiber.
Since 1937, American Viscose and the Textile
T he largest manufacturer of rayon in the United
States is the American Viscose Corp., which em
ployed 17,000 workers in 1951. Rayon manufac
turing is confined to the eastern half of the
country, with 32 plants in 15 States, from Massa
chusetts south to Georgia and west to Ohio and
Tennessee. More than two-thirds of the indus
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
631
W AGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 32
Workers Union of America (CIO) have negotiated
master agreements covering production and main
tenance workers throughout the company. This
chronology 1 traces the major changes in wage
rates and related wage practices negotiated be
tween the company and the union during the
post-World War II period. Only provisions
affecting production and maintenance workers are
shown. Since the chronology starts with the 1945
agreement, the provisions reported under that
date do not necessarily indicate changes in prior
conditions of employment.
The wage structure is divided into men’s and
women’s occupations. Most of the men are paid
on an hourly basis and most of the women on a
piecework basis. The changes reported in this
chronology relate to piecework employees as well
as those paid on a straight hourly basis. Provi
sions of the contracts dealing with the day-to-day
administration of the incentive plans are omitted.
All plants have a uniform wage structure with the
exception of the plant at Nitro, W. Va., where
men receive an additional 5 cents, and women re
ceive 3 cents by virtue of a cost-of-living bonus.
The December 1, 1951, agreement was to be in
effect until November 30, 1952, and made provi
sion for a wage reopening 6 months after the
anniversary date of the master agreement.
1 For the purpose and scope of the wage chronology series, see Monthly
Labor Review, December 1918. Reprints of this chronology are available
on request.
A—General Wage Increases
Effective date
Provision
Dec. 2, 1945 (by agreement of Nov.
30, 1945).
Apr. 28, 1946 (by agreement of July
8, 1946).
Dec. 1, 1946 (by agreement of Nov.
30, 1946).
June 27, 1948 (by agreement of Aug.
5, 1948).
July 2, 1950 (by agreement of July
20, 1950).
Mar. 4, 1951 (by agreement of same
date).
July 1, 1951 (by agreement of July
20, 1950).
Dec. 2, 1951 (by agreement of Nov.
30, 1951).
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
10 cents an hour increase_____________
8 cents an hour increase______________
12 cents an hour increase_____________
15 cents an hour increase_____________
Hourly-rated jobs, 7 percent increase,
averaging approximately 10 cents an
hour; incentive jobs, 7 percent minus
1 cent.
3 cents an hour increase_____________
3 cents an hour increase.
Hourly-rated jobs, 5 cents an hour;
incentive jobs, 6 cents an hour.
i
General wage changes are construed as upward or downward adjustments
that affect an entire establishment, bargaining unit, or substantial group of
employees at one time. Not included within the term are adjustments in
individual rates (automatic progression, etc.) and minor adjustments in
wage structure (such as changes in classification or incentive rates) that do
not have an immediate effect on the general plant wage level.
Additional adjustments in certain job
classifications were agreed upon for
the correction of intraplant inequities.
Permissible under General Wage Regu
lation 6 of Wage Stabilization Board.
Deferred increase designated by parties
as compensation for productivity im
provement.
Approved by WSB
Sept. 18, 1951.
Approved by WSB April 14, 1952.
The changes listed above were the major adjustments in wage rates made
during the period covered. Because of fluctuations in earnings occasioned
by nongeneral changes, incentive earnings, payment of premium and special
rates, and other factors, the total of the general changes listed will not neces
sarily coincide with the change in average hourly earnings over the period.
B—Plant Common Labor Rates
Men
Effective date
Dec. 2, 1945____________
A nr. 28 . 1946
______
Dec. 1, 1946
_ _
____
June 27, 1948
__
$0. 83
. 91
1. 03
1. 18
Women 1
$0. 72
. 80
. 92
1. 07
Effective date
Men
July 2, 1950____________________
Mar. 4, 1951___________________
July 1, 1951
Dec. 2, 1951
________________
$1.
1.
1.
1.
Women 1
26
29
32
37
$1.
1.
1.
1.
14
17
20
25
1 The rate shown was effective after 6 months’ service. Women hired for common labor received 90 percent of the base rate for the first 3 months and 95
percent for the foliowing 3 months.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
632
MONTHLY LABOR
W AGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 82
C—Related Wage Practices 1
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Shift Premium P ay
Day rate plus 3 percent for workers who
rotated between day and evening shifts
on a 5- or 6-day schedule.
Day rate plus 5 percent for workers who
rotated among three shifts but who did
not work Sunday.
Day rate plus 10 percent for workers who
rotated among three or four shifts includ
ing Sunday and workers on frozen even
ing or night shift.
Day rate plus 15 percent for workers alter
nating on evening or night shifts and
working every Saturday and Sunday.
Average shift premium formula based on
premium point system adopted.2
Nov. 30, 1945
June 27, 1948
Formula incorporated premium for all un
desirable hours including Saturday and
Sunday.
Overtime P ay
Time and one-half for work: (1) In excess
of 8 hours a day; (2) beyond 40 hours a
week; or (3) outside of scheduled daily
hours if less than 8.
Nov. 30, 1945
Shifted Schedule P ay
Nov. 30, 1945____________
Aug. 20, 1947
_
Time and one-half paid to employees: (1)
For all work while assigned to another
work schedule for period of less than one
full work week, (2) for first day when
transferred or temporarily assigned to
another work schedule for a week or
more with less than 16 hours’ notice, or
(3) if called in on a scheduled “break
day” (day off).
Double time paid to employees called in to
perform unscheduled work if premium
work described in (1), (2) or (3) fell on a
specified holiday.
Term “one full workweek” changed to
“seven calendar days” to clarify intention
of parties. Special reference to double
time on holidays eliminated, since it dupli
cated holiday provision.
-
Prem ium P a y for Saturday and Sunday
Nov. 30, 1945___________
Time and one-half for work on sixth day in
any one workweek. No premium pay
for Saturday or Sunday as such.
Aug. 20, 1947______ ______
Premium pay provision for work on sixth
day eliminated.2
June 27, 1948
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Applicable except where schedules were
otherwise negotiated or in effect. Double
time if sixth day was a “break day” and
a holiday.
Saturday and Sunday premiums incorpo
rated into average shift premium formula
based on premium point system.2
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
633
W A G E C H R O N O L O G Y N O . 32
C—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
H o lid a y P a y
Nov. 30, 1945 ___ ________
Aug. 20, 1947___ ________
Nov. 30, 1950
____
_
Nov. 30, 1951___ __ __
_
Time and one-half for work on six specified
holidays falling on employee’s regularly
scheduled workdays. Double time for
holiday work in excess of 8 hours or in
excess of scheduled hours, if less than
eight, and for work when the holiday
occurred on scheduled “break day.” No
pay for holidays not worked.
Changed to: Six paid holidays for which
workers received 8 hours’ straight-time
pay plus shift premium, providing holi
day fell on scheduled workday. Double
time (total) for holidays worked.
Changed to: Double time and one-half for
first shift worked on six specified holidays,
whether scheduled workday or not.
Changed to: Double time and one-half paid
for all work on six specified holidays,
whether scheduled workday or not.
Holidays were: Easter, Memorial Day, In
dependence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiv
ing, and Christmas.
Holidays same as above. To receive holiday
pay, employee must have been scheduled
to work on holiday and must have worked
his last regularly scheduled shift prior to
and first regularly scheduled shift follow
ing the holiday.
Double time paid for any additional hours
worked.
Monday following Easter made paid holiday
in place of Easter Sunday.
P a id V a c a tio n
One week of vacation with pay after 1 and
less than 5 years’ service; 2 weeks after
5 years’ service. Service must have been
prior to Apr. 1 of the current vacation
year.
Nov. 30, 1946_____________ Changed t o : Eligible for 1 week if on active
payroll 3 months during preceding calen
dar year, hired before Oct. 1 of preceding
calendar year, and on payroll, furlough,
or recognized leave on Dec. 31 of that
year; 2 weeks if qualified in four prior
years and eligible in current year.
Nov. 30, 1951___ ________
Added: Three weeks of vacation with pay
after 15 years’ service.
Nov. 30, 1945___________
Vacation pay computed on basis of
per
cent of total earnings during preceding
Federal income tax year for employees en
titled to one week’s vacation and 5 percent
for those entitled to 2 weeks’ vacation.
Vacation pay for employees entitled to 3
weeks based on 120 hours’ pay at regular
rate (126 hours if on 42-hour week).
R e p o rtin g T im e
Nov. 30, 1945
__ ___
Minimum of 4 hours’ pay at regular rate
guaranteed to employee not notified of
lack of work. Employee reporting for
regular shift work after it) p.m. and before
7 a.m. guaranteed full shift pay.
Nov. 30, 1951___________
Guarantee did not apply when employee
voluntarily left before expiration of the
guaranteed hours or when time worked
began 2 hours or less before employee’s
scheduled hours and continued into or
after the shift.
Added: Company not liable for reporting
pay in case of “Acts of God” occurring 1
hour or more before shift began.
C all-In P a y
Nov. 30, 1945____ __
Nov. 30, 1950 ___ _______
See footnotes a t end o f table.
231045— 52------ 3
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Time and one-half paid to employee when
called for emergency work.
Double time when called on a holiday.
Changed to : Double time and one-half when
called on a holiday.
634
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 32
MONTHLY LABOR
C—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Guaranteed Rates for Incentive Operations
Nov. 30, 1945_____________
Guaranteed minimum was the hourly rate
prescribed for incentive jobs by prevailing
wage agreement, plus applicable shift
premium.
Down Time
Nov. 30, 1945_____________ Hourly rate prescribed for incentive jobs
(plus applicable shift premium) paid for
all time lost if accumulated stoppages ex
ceed 10- minutes per shift.
Nov. 30, 1946_____________
Applied to stoppages caused by waiting for
supplies, machine breakdown, power fail
ures, visits to dispensary, required attend
ance at meetings and classes, and travel
time when such time must be paid.
Last item changed to: Travel time to and
from cafeteria when such time must be
paid.
P aid Lunch Period
Nov. 30, 1945
30-minute paid lunch period provided em
ployees on 24-hour operating schedules.
____
Also allowed travel time to and from cafe
teria.
P a id Rest Period (Personal Time Allowance )
Nov. 30, 1945
_
___ __
30-minute paid absence from work within
the first hour of the overtime period al
lowed to employee required to work three
or more hours overtime.
Two paid 10-minute rest periods provided
women incentive workers on shifts of 7
hours or more. One 10-minute rest period
for women incentive workers on shifts of
less than 7 hours.
Technological Displacement P a y
Nov. 30, 1945_____________ Employee displaced by technological change
given 1 week’s pay, at average hourly
rate earned during preceding year, for
each year of continuous service.
Employee paid for 42 hours a week if em
ployed in continuous four-shift operating
departments and for 40 hours in all other
departments.
P a y for Occupational In ju ry Time Loss
Nov. 30, 1945 _______ __ - Full rate, less workmen’s compensation pay
ments, paid (1) for time lost because of
“fume eyes” or “sore hands” resulting
from contact with chemicals used in man
ufacturing process; (2) to the end of the
shift when employee went to plant dis
pensary, at company request, for exami
nation or treatment of occupational in
jury; (3) for minimum of 1 hour when
employee—absent from plant because of
industrial injury—reported, at company
request, subsequent to the injury, for ex
amination or treatment at company dis
pensary; (4) for time lost in any shift
when instructed by company physician
to report to an outside physician; (5) up
to 1 hour when reporting to the dispen
sary for treatment during a shift.
See footnotes at end of table;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
WAGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 82
635
C—Related Wage Practices 1—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Health and Welfare Benefits
Effective June 1, 1946 and
including Dec. 1, 1947
revisions.
Noncontributory group insurance plan in
stalled for employees with 60 days’ serv
ice, providing:
Life insurance, $500 to $2,000, depending
on length of service, paid on death or
permanent and total disability prior to
age 60; after retirement, $1,000.
Sickness and accident benefits, $12.50 to $22
Dec. 1, 1951 (by agreement
of Nov. 30, 1951).
a week depending on earnings for maxi
mum of 13 weeks for any one period of
disability, starting on first day of absence
because of occupational or nonoccupational accident and on eighth day of
absence because of sickness. Up to 6
weeks for pregnancy.
Surgical expense benefits, maximum of $150
for surgeon’s fee for each period of dis
ability resulting from pregnancy, acci
dent, or sickness not compensable under
workmen’s compensation or similar laws.
H ospital service benefits, all employees cov
ered by Blue Cross hospitalization plan
providing care for 21 to 30 days, depend
ing on length of membership.
Added: Life insurance, double indemnity in
case of accidental death.
Changed to: Sickness and accident benefits,
$20 to $30 a week, depending on earnings.
Complete cost borne by company.
Employees with more than 60 days but less
than 1 year of service received $500; with
1 year but less than 5 years’ service,
$1,000; with 5 or more years’ service,
$2,000. Employees were not eligible for
disability benefits if disability commenced
after they became 60 or after insurance
was terminated.
Benefit paid in addition to workmen’s com
pensation in case disability was caused by
accident.
Workers’ wives covered at company cost;
dependent children could be covered at
workers’ expense.
Workers’ wives covered at company cost;
workers’ husbands and dependent children
could be covered at workers’ expense.
Retirement Plan
Dec. 26, 1943
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Retirement Plan established providing:
Company-paid pension for employee with
service before Dec. 26, 1943. Monthly
pension was equal to *4 percent of
monthly earnings as of Dec. 26, 1943, for Annuity computed by multiplying regular
each year of service at ages 35 up to 45,
hourly rate by 2,000 and dividing by 12.
and % percent at 45 and over.
Plan was separately financed.
Contributory retirement plan for employee Employee contributed 2 percent of weekly
aged 25 but under 65 with 2 years’ service
earnings up to $35, plus 4 percent of over
on and after Dec. 26, 1943. Annuity at
$35 up to $60, plus 6 percent of over $60.
65 based on earnings and length of service ;
Employer contributed 1)4 times amount
in addition to Federal Old Age benefits.
paid by employee. Benefits paid at re
Besides full annuities, other provisions of
tirement age even though employee con
the contributory plan were :
tinued to work.
Death benefits, if employee died before retire
ment, beneficiary received employee’s
contribution plus 2 percent compound
interest. If death was after retirement,
beneficiary received difference between
employee’s contribution plus interest and
amount paid to employee.
Termination benefits, on termination before
10 years of membership, employee could
(1) withdraw his contributions plus 2 per
cent interest, or (2) accept the paid-up
retirement income provided by his contri
bution if such income was at least $3.34 a
month. After 10 years of membership,
employee could (1) withdraw his contri-
636
MONTHLY LABOR
W A G E C H R O N O L O G Y N O . 32
C—Related Wage Practices1—Continued
Effective date
Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
Provision
R e t i r e m e n t P l a n — Continued
Dec. 26, 1943 (con.)
butions plus 2 percent, or (2) on his retire
ment date, accept the paid-up retirement
income provided by his contribution and
that of the employer for service after
Dec. 26, 1943; after 15 years, employee
could (1) withdraw his contributions plus
2 percent interest, or (2) receive at age 65
company-paid pension for service before
Dec. 26, 1943, plus the paid-up retirement
income provided by his and company
contributions since that date, or (3)
accept reduced retirement benefits start
ing up to 10 years before age 65.
O p t i o n a l b e n e f its : Employee could (1) elect
reduced retirement income during retire
ment, with continuance of such pay
ments, or specified fraction thereof, to
designated joint annuitant, or (2) if retir
ing before Federal Old Age benefits were
payable, have retirement benefits ad
justed to provide same total amount,
including Federal benefit, before and
after the Federal benefit was payable.
Dec. 26, 1943 (including
amendments of Dec. 1,
1947).
Aug. 20, 1947.
Jan. 1, 1951 (by agreement
of July 20, 1950).
Changed to: Minimum annuity of $1,200,
including Social Security, guaranteed on
retirement at 65 with 25 years’ service;
proportionate guarantees for 10 to 25
years’ service.
1 The last entry under each item represents the most recent change.
2 Shift premium was determined by counting total number of points earned
per hour during hours scheduled in each week or pay period as shown below.
The total premium points were divided by total hours scheduled to secure
the average shift premium for the entire schedule using the nearest one-tenth
of 1 percent. The average premium was applied to the day base rate to deter
mine the shift rate applicable, adjusted to nearest full cent. Premium
applied to total paid hours in schedule.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C arl
Eligibility for company-paid pension for
service before Dec. 26, 1943, contingent
on membership in plan by Dec. 31, 1947.
Rates for computing pensions for service
before Dec. 26, 1943, changed to: Onefourth percent of weekly earnings at ages
25 and under 35; one-half percent at 35
and under 45; three-fourths percent at 45
and over.
Membership in plan to be a condition of
employment.
Eligibility for company-paid pension for
service before Dec. 26, 1943, contingent
on membership in plan by Dec. 31, 1951.
Company contribution increased to one
and one-half times amount paid by em
ployees. Interest on refunded contribu
tions changed from 2 percent to “the rate
allowed by the insurance company.”
Sun.
Hours
7 a. m. to5p. m_
5 p. m. to 12 m._
12 m. to 7 a. m_.
W.
R eed,
J r .,
and
20
27
30
M
Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
0
7
10
a r io n
0
7
10
0
7
10
0
7
10
Fri.
0
7
10
Sat.
15
22
25
R a y m e n t o n R o b b in s
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
637
W AGE CHRONOLOGY NO. 15
Wage Chronology No. 15:
New York City Printing1
Supplement No. 1
on a new contract was reached by
the Printers League Section of the New York
Employing Printers Association, Inc., and the
New York Typographical Union, No. 6, imme
diately before the expiration of the existing
agreement on September 30, 1951. An increase
in basic weekly rates, the first since April 1948,
was negotiated for the more than 4,500 hand and
machine compositors in the commercial (job)
printing industry. No provision was made for
reopening the new contract, which became effec
tive October 1 , 1951, and will remain in force
through December 31, 1952.
The same increase became effective January
1, 1952, for the approximately 3,000 cylinder
pressmen, who also negotiate with the Employing
A greement
Printers Association. Their contract, with no
reopening, is to continue through March 31,
1953.
Although their contract with the Newspaper
Publishers Association of New York City did
not expire until October 31, 1952, the compositors
and the web pressmen received a weekly wage
adjustment on November 1, 1951. This adjust
ment was in accordance with the terms of the
November 1, 1950, agreement which provided for a
deferred increase to fall due at the end of 1 year
and an escalator clause which provided for an
automatic cost-of-living adjustment based on the
change in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Con
sumers’ Price Index between September 15, 1950,
and September 15, 1951.
The following tables, showing the details of the
actions, bring the 1939-50 New York City
Printing Chronology up to the termination dates
of the current contracts.
i
See Wage Chronology No. 15: New York City Printing, 1939-50, Monthly
Labor Review, May 1951 (p. 555), or BLS Serial No. R. 2037.
A'—Changes in Wage Rates and Weekly Hours for Day Shifts
Standard weekly hours of work i
Increase in hourly rates (cents)
Effective'date
Compositors,
hand and
machine
1951: Oct 1
Nov. 1 3
1952: Jan. 1
Cylinder
pressmen2
Compositors,
hand and
machine
Newspaper
Commercial
Newspaper
Commercial
Pressmen
Compositors,
hand and
machine
Cylinder
pressmen 2
Compositors,
hand and
machine
Pressmen
36. 25
27. 6
16. 5
36. 25
27. 6
1 Hours shown represent net working time, exclusive of lunch periods.
2 Increase for cylinder pressmen reflects change in basic wage scale for
journeymen. In New York City, the basic rate is paid for work on the
following equipment: 1 cylinder press over 68 inches; 1 or 2 cylinders not
over 68 inches; 1 poster press 28 by 41 inches or over; 1 label press (close reg
ister work); 1 perfecting press and such single-color automatic-unit cylinder
presses as the Miehle vertical, Miller highspeed, Kelly A, B, C, and Kelly
36. 25
36. 25
16. 6
automatic jobber. Special rates are paid for work on other presses. Changes
in these rates do not necessarily correspond to the change in the basic scale.
3 Includes $2 a week deferred increase negotiated in contract of November
1, 1950, plus $4 a week automatic cost-of-living adjustment based on the
escalator clause in the November 1, 1950, contract (see Chronology No. 15,
Monthly Labor Review, May 1951 or Serial No. R. 2037).
B'—Hourly and Weekly Rates 1 for Day Shifts
Newspaper
Commercial
Effective date
1951: Oct 1
Nov. 1 3
Compositors, hand and
machine
Hourly rate
Weekly rate
$2. 759
$100. 00
1 9 5 2 : .Tfl.n 1
1 Weekly rates are based on standard hours, as shown in table A.
2 See footnote 2, table A.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cylinder pressmen2
Hourly rate
Weekly rate
$2. 789
$101. 10
Compositors, hand and
machine
Pressmen
Hourly rate
Weekly rate
Hourly rate
$2. 993
$108. 50
$2. 883
3 See footnote 3, table A.
Weekly rate
$104. 50
638
W AG E CHRONOLOGY NO. 15
MONTHLY LABOR
C—Premium Pay for Night Work (cents per hour in excess of day rates)
Commercial
Compositors, hand and
machine
Effective date
First3
1951: Oct. 1____ _________________
Nov. 1_________________ ____
1952: J a n .1______________________
Compositors, hand and
machine
Cylinder pressmen J
Second 4
15. 4
Newspaper
F irst3
Second 4
First3
Second4
Pressmen 2
Night Work4
49. 0
13. 8
15. 4
1See footnote 2, table A.
2Exclusive of operators of color and gravure presses, who receive extra
night-work premium pay.
3Standard workweek same as for day shifts (table A).
4Standard workweeks on night shifts for newspaper pressmen and on
second night (lobster) shifts for the other crafts covered are shorter than for
39. 3
49. 3
34. 1
day and first night shifts, a factor that accounts in part for the size of the
hourly premiums shown. In commercial printing, the workweek for com
positors and cylinder pressmen on second night shifts is 32.5 hours. In
newspaper printing, where night work is a more regular part of operations,
the workweek for compositors on second night shifts is 35 hours; on night
shifts for pressmen, 33.5 hours.
D—Hourly and Weekly Rates for Night Shifts in Newspaper Printing
Compositors, hand and machine
Pressmen, night work •
Effective date
First
Hourly
1951: Nov. 1 5_______________________________
$3. 131
1 See footnote 2, table C.
2 Based on 36.25-hour week.
3 Based on 35-hour week.
Second
Weekly 2
$113. 50
Hourly
$3. 386
Weekly 3
$118. 50
Hourly
Weekly 4
$3. 224
$108. 00
4 Based on 33.5-hour week.
3 See footnote 3, table A.
E—Related Wage Practices
Commercial
Newspaper
Effective date
Compositors, hand and machine
Cylinder pressmen
Holiday P ay
Oct. 1, 1951.
1 additional paid holiday (total 7).
Holiday was W a s h i n g t o n ’ s
Birthday.
Jan. 1, 1952.
1 additional paid holiday (total 7).
H o l i d a y w a s Washington’s
Birthday.
P aid Vacations
Oct. 1, 1951
J a n . 1, 1952
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Payment into fund increased to:
$1.24 per day shift, up to $6.20
a week; $1.31 per night shift, up
to $6.55 a week.
Payment into fund increased to:
$1.25 per day shift, up to $6.25
a week; $1.32 per night shift, up
to $6.60 a week.
Compositors,
hand and
machine
Pressmen
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T H E IA M
The Twenty-third Convention
of the IAM
T he wide range of interests of a modern tradeunion, the optimism of an expanding organization,
and a unity of which it was proud were displayed
by the International Association of Machinists in
its quadrennial convention held in Kansas City,
Mo., September 8-18, 1952. No single issue
dominated the proceedings. Politics, legislation,
international affairs, collective-bargaining prob
lems, public relations, labor unity, financial
problems, the operation of the locals, the Machin
ists’ favorite charity—all received a substantial
amount of attention.
Organization
The 1,200 men and women delegates of IAM
lodges in the United States, its territories, and in
Canada represented the union’s 770,000 mem
bers—almost 50 percent more than the member
ship reported at its previous convention in 1948.
Assisted by the growth of defense industries and
by a revitalized organization drive, all of the gain
between the two conventions came after June
1950. This spurt in membership brought the
International Association of Machinists to a
strength greater than its wartime peak.
Credit for the organizational gains of the Ma
chinists was attributed by President A. J. Hayes in
his opening message to “the relatively small amount
of friction and dissention within our organiza
tion . . . [and to] the relatively large degree of
cooperation between the many classifications and
industry groups which make up our organization.”
Little in the open convention business that followed
tended to modify this description of the union.
Mr. Hayes made a strong plea for a united labor
movement to achieve much the same advantages
among all trade-unions, but held out little hope
of its realization in the immediate future. A
convention resolution endorsed the restoration of
the United Labor Policy Committee. It was
apparent, as the convention proceeded, that all
of the jurisdictional problems brought about by
the return of the IAM to the American Federation
of Labor had not been resolved; however, with
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C O N V E N T IO N
639
the goal of unity reiterated, the delegates took no
action to remove these matters from the formal
channels of settlement within the Federation.
The diversity of industries represented by IAM
lodges and the widening scope of the job classi
fications coming under the jurisdiction of the
union as a whole were the major factors influencing
the work of the convention on collective-bargain
ing and organization goals and union financing.
Committees were established to report on the
following industries representing concentrations
of IAM coverage: aircraft, air transport, auto
motive, construction and erection, machine-tool
and tool-and-die, marine and shipbuilding, petro
leum, printing machinery, railroad, pulp and
paper, and Government employment. A rough
classification of membership, as reported by
General Secretary-Treasurer Eric Peterson,
showed 55 percent journeymen or specialists, 30
percent production workers, and 15 percent
helpers and apprentices. Mr. Peterson also
reported that the IAM had about 70,000 women
members. (The convention seated 14 women dele
gates.) The keen interest of the IAM in pro
moting sound apprenticeship practices was re
iterated throughout the proceedings.
Intra-Industry Problems
The committee for the aircraft industry favored
national agreements in multiplant companies,
uniform wage schedules and other contract pro
visions in plants organized by IAM, uniform
reopening and termination dates in agreements,
and the calling of Nation-wide conferences pre
ceding negotiations. It opposed the centraliza
tion of Government contracts in relatively few
companies and the “anti-union activities” of the
Aircraft Industry Association.1
The automotive committee recommended,
among other things, that the National Labor
Relations Board recognize automotive mechanics
as skilled craftsmen, that automotive locals
establish heavy-duty rates, and that the Teamsters
and the IAM work together harmoniously in
organizing the automotive-repair industry. The
1
A strike at the Lockheed Aircraft Oorp. plant in Burbank, Calif., started
on the same day that the convention opened.
640
THE
IA M
marine committee called upon the IAM to con
sider organization on the Atlantic Coast, to urge
the Federal Government to allocate marine work
equally among the four geographic shipbuilding
areas, and to set up semiannual conferences for
the marine locals.
The convention adopted numerous resolutions
calling for changes in fringe benefits for railroad
machinists, including increased paid vacations;
7 paid holidays; time and one-half for Saturday
work, double time for Sunday work, and double
time and one-half for work on holidays; differen
tials of 10 cents and 15 cents for second- and thirdshift work; 15 days of paid sick leave per year;
jury pay; severance pay; and retirement after 30
years of service at age 60. The railroad committee
also recommended an amendment to the Railway
Labor Act to allow for retroactive pay increases
and the establishment and maintenance of uniform
hourly rates for shop crafts on a Nation-wide basis.
Proposals to create a national tool and die lodge,
district, or department, which presumably would
deal with matters such as wages, seniority, and
organization of tool-and-die makers and machinetool workers, were submitted to the convention.
They were withdrawn, however, with the under
standing that a meeting of the executive council
and interested parties would be held after the
convention. The machine-tool and tool-and-die
committee recommended that tool-and-die locals
should be formed wherever practical, that mini
mum area rates should be established, and that
wage increases on a percentage basis should be
negotiated.
The Government-employee’s committee, speak
ing for “ blue collar” workers employed by the
Defense Department, endorsed a number of resolu
tions urging changes in Federal wage practices,
including some covered by statutes and also
applicable to the vast majority of Federal Classi
fication Act (civil service) employees. The IAM
urged the payment of double time for overtime
and Sunday work; triple time for holiday work;
15 percent night-shift differential; the adoption of
a severance-pay plan; a cost-of-living differential
for Hawaii; higher skill, hazard, and dirty-work
differentials; restoration of annual and sick leave
to previous levels; and the inspection by machinists
during the process of manufacture of all materials
and equipment purchased by the Federal Govern
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C O N V E N T IO N
MONTHLY LABOR
ment. A number of changes in the Federal retire
ment plan were requested. The committee asked
the Navy Department to place the fourth step
increase in its wage schedules on an automatic
rather than merit basis, and to provide a uniform
policy which would provide equal representation
to workers on local wage boards, and which would
permit the local wage boards to conduct surveys
of comparable pay scales at their discretion with
their selection of areas and plants to be covered.
Other Collective-Bargaining Problems
The emphasis on an industry approach to
collective-bargaining problems at the convention
reflected IAM policy. Delegates consistently
rejected or modified proposals that urged the
adoption of a standard practice throughout all
industries. A major exception to this policy
appeared in the acceptance of a resolution to
“ make it a policy to include in all contracts a
clause barring age limits as a reason for refusing
employment.” The establishment of a 30-hour
workweek was also encouraged.
The convention went on record as opposing
wage controls, although no criticism was made of
the Wage Stabilization Board or the work of
IAM officials in this tripartite agency. On the
other hand, the Executive Council was urged to
help “ strengthen and make more effective the
Defense Production Act to the end that the costof-living may be reduced as much as is consistent
with the general welfare.” It was also called
upon to “ prevail upon the Bureau of Labor
Statistics and other governmental authorities to
compute the cost-of-living index on the basis of
‘after taxes’.” The resolution demanding repeal
of the Taft-IIartley Act also asked that “labor be
given a full and equal voice in the framing of a
just and equitable Labor-Management Relations
Act to take its place.”
National and International Affairs
The major guest speakers at the convention
were Secretary of State Dean G. Acheson, who
spoke at a special session over a Nation-wide
radio program sponsored by the union; Secretary
of Labor Maurice J. Tobin; Federal Security
Administrator Oscar R. Ewing; Senator Hubert
H. Humphrey; and Canada’s Minister of Labor
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
Milton F. Gregg. The convention pledged its
support to the United States foreign policy and,
in another resolution, endorsed Governor Adlai
E. Stevenson as candidate for President of the
United States.
Secretary Acheson praised the IAM for its
participation in the International Confederation
of Free Trade Unions and the International Metal
Workers’ Federation. A representative of the
latter organization, Secretary Konrad Ilg, in
addressing the convention outlined this participa
tion in greater detail: “. . . our Federation owes
the strength it has acquired and its influence in the
trade-union movement primarily, if not exclusive
ly, to the three great American metalworkers’
organizations, namely, the Machinists’, the
Automobile Workers’ and the Steel Workers’
unions. . . . For our Federation and for the free
trade-union movement as such, it was an unex
pected stroke of luck that your union, prior to our
1947 Congress in Copenhagen, on its own initiative,
announced its intention to join the International
Metal Workers’ Federation. This made it possi
ble to prevent our autonomous International
Metal Workers’ Federation from being incorporat
ed in the World Federation of Trade Unions.” 2
Support of the IAM’s participation in the Inter
national Federation of Metal Workers was ex
pressed by the convention’s marine committee.
Union Finances
The union’s salary and financial structures were
substantially modified by the convention (subject
to referendum), reflecting both broadened interests
and a realignment of taxes and benefits among the
major jobs in the organization. Salaries of Grand
Lodge officers and representatives were raised,
an increase of 50 percent going to top officials;
the annual salary of the international president
was set at $18,000.
The convention eliminated the job-classification
differential in the per capita tax paid by locals to
the Grand Lodge by raising the tax for produc
tion workers, helpers, and apprentices to the
amount paid for journeymen and specialists, an
increase of 35 to 50 cents per month. At the
same time, however, the convention equalized the
2
Mr. Hg’s address to the convention was given in German and was trans
lated by Grand Lodge Representative Rudolph Faupl.
2 3 1 0 4 5 — 52 -
4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
641
T JM W A C O N V E N T I O N
accumulation of strike and death benefits at the
journeymen level. Minimum local dues were
subsequently increased and made uniform; the
minimum rate of $2 a month for journeymen and
graduated rates for other classifications were
replaced by a $3 minimum for all members.
The union reported a net worth of approxi
mately $10,000,000. The officers’ report stated
that “an organization of the type and magnitude
of the IAM should have assets of at least $50 per
member, or a total of more than $35,000,000, in
order to effectively carry on its diversified
activities.”
— J oseph W. B loch
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
1952 Convention of the
United Mine Workers of America
were of primary
concern to some 2,800 delegates attending the
forty-first constitutional convention of the United
Mine Workers of America which opened in Cincin
nati, October 7, 1952. Legislative goals urged by
the convention included repeal of the TaftHartley Act and enactment of a workable industry
wide coal stabilization law. John L. Lewis,
president of the UMW, expressed personal pride
and satisfaction in the new bituminous-coal con
tract which climaxed 4 years of union achieve
ments since the last convention. He also dis
cussed union gains achieved as a result of UMW
policies formulated over the 62-year span of the
union’s existence.
P o l it ic s a n d l a b o r l e g is l a t io n
Political Action
Unanimous endorsement of Governor Adlai E.
Stevenson for President highlighted the political
action taken by the convention. It was the first
time since 1936 that the union officially endorsed a
Presidential ticket. A resolution cited Governor
Stevenson’s acceptance of the “liberal Demo
cratic platform” and his standing “clearly and
642
U M W A C O N V E N T IO N
courageously” for repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act.
Voting records of Senators and Representatives
in the coal-mining States were analyzed by John
T. Jones, director of the UMW Labor’s NonPartisan League. By and large, he counselled
the delegates to ignore party labels and vote for
candidates on the basis of their past records of
friendship or enmity toward the UMW. Based
on this premise, nine Democratic Senatorial
candidates and one Republican were recommended
to the convention for its support. Mr. Jones also
recommended approval of 28 Democrats and 15
Republicans for election to the House of Represent
atives. Opposition to 22 Republican and 3
Democratic Congressional candidates was recom
mended.
The delegates supported the Resolutions Com
mittee recommendations to reject proposals to
establish a labor party and a labor daily news
paper.
They also approved a proposal calling for the
preferential primary for Presidential candidates,
voted that the current Federal farm program be
maintained and expanded to insure a sound farm
economy for the country, urged higher salaries for
teachers, and restated the UMW’s opposition to
racial or other forms of discrimination among
persons. Opposition to universal military train
ing was also reaffirmed.
M ONTHLY LABOR
proposed endorsement of “socialized medicine”
was rejected.
A proposal was adopted to obtain legislation
which would make miners on strike eligible for
unemployment compensation in States where
they are disqualified because of such action. State
leaders were instructed to do their utmost in
obtaining such legislation, with weekly benefits
of not less than $30. The delegates also adopted
a proposal calling for improvements in the present
State workmen’s compensation laws.
The convention approved Federal control of
tide-land oil and suggested that the revenue from
the lands be divided among the States according
to their population for the support of the public
schools.
Because the recently passed Federal Mine In
spection Act is not applicable to mines employing
fewer than 15 men and does not cover certain types
of accidents, the convention urged its members to
petition the Congress to pass necessary amend
ments designed to minimize the loss of life and
injury in the mining industry.
The. convention called upon Congress to enact
a workable industry-wide coal-stabilization law
which would establish a minimum selling price for
coal, thereby eliminating the “cut throat” compe
tition now prevailing in the industry. In addition,
the delegates went on record as favoring State and
Federal taxes on competitive gas and fuel oil.
Legislative Program
Outright and immediate repeal of the TaftHartley Act constituted the primary goal in the
UMW’s legislative program. In a strongly worded
resolution, bolstered by a bitter denunciation of
the act by Mr. Lewis and several delegates, the
convention pledged itself to do everything feasible
to have the statute repealed. Other legislative
proposals dealt with social security, unemploy
ment and workmen’s compensation, tide-lands oil,
Federal mine inspection, and the economic
problems of coal.
The convention called on Congress to amend the
social security law by lowering the qualifying age
to 60. It urged that this resolution be given wide
circulation and publicity among labor unions,
United States Congressmen, newspapers, and all
“liberal minded” persons in the Nation. A
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
International Affiliation
The officers reported to the convention that the
UMW is affiliated or has participated in meetings
of various international groups related to the min
ing industry in particular and labor in general.
For more than 40 years, the union has been affili
ated with the Miners’ International Federation,
and is now a member of the International Confed
eration of Free Trade Unions. The UMW has
sent delegates to all meetings of the ILO Coal
Mines Committee. For the past few years, the
union has, upon invitation from the National
Union of Mineworkers of Great Britain, sent a
representative to attend the annual conference of
the British Mineworkers’ Union. Sir William
Lawther, president of the British union and secre
tary of the International Mining Congress, was
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
one of the guest speakers addressing the con
vention.
UMW Welfare and Retirement Fund
Nearly a half billion dollars has been paid out
to some 900,000 mine-worker beneficiaries since
the UMW Welfare and Retirement Fund was
established in 1946, Mr. Lewis told the convention.
However, he added, “despite this remarkable
record, the fund admittedly has not yet achieved
perfection, chiefly because we have not had enough
money.” Improvements in the aims and designs
of the fund, Mr. Lewis stated, will come gradually.
He observed that the fund is well administered,
and pointed to an administrative cost of 2.7 per
cent of the funds expended.. He described the
union’s welfare program as an example of “free
enterprise” rather than “socialized medicine.”
A year-end report by Josephine Roche, fund
administrator, revealed that plans are well under
way for the construction of 10 major hospitals in
the Kentucky-West Virginia-Virginia coal belt
during the coming year. The report showed the
fund’s unexpended balance as of June 30, 1952, was
$99,505,895, slightly more than the balance at the
close of the previous fiscal year.
Organization
Notable progress in attempts to organize the
few remaining nonunion areas since October 1950,
when an international organizing committee was
created to conduct an intensified campaign, was
reported by the officers. Under this committee’s
direction, progress has been made in organizing
both the eastern strip and underground fields and
the lignite fields of North Dakota. (In fact, all
but 3 percent of the tonnage in North Dakota is
now being produced by UMW members.) In
Alaska, agreements have been negotiated with all
of the major operators.
The convention extolled District 50 for its work
in organizing, within the framework of the UMW,
workers in a variety of industries other than coal
mining. A report indicates that, in 4 years,
District 50 had set up 10 new regions in the United
States and that the Canadian region had greatly
expanded, doubling the number of local unions
and collective-bargaining agreements, together
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
643
U M W A C O N V E N T IO N
with a corresponding increase in total membership.
The approximately 200,000 members reported by
District 50 are distributed in 1,600 local unions
which embrace workers in some 30 basic industrial
classifications. District 50 has its own adminis
trative department, legal department, research and
statistical department, and publishes its own offi
cial newspaper—The News—twice monthly.
Internal Union Problems
On the question of district autonomy, 42 dif
ferent delegate recommendations were presented
to the convention. The resolutions committee
recommended a policy, adopted at previous UMW
conventions in 1938, 1940, 1942, 1944, and 1948,
under which district presidents and secretarytreasurers are appointed by the International
Executive Board, except in 8 districts having full
autonomy (i. e., the members elect their own
officials). Following a protracted discussion on
this important point, with the administration
taking the affirmative side, the delegates adopted
the committee’s recommendation by an over
whelming majority.
Convention delegates voted (with only eight
dissenting votes) for a $20-per-member assessment,
to be levied in four installments, without clearly
defining the purpose. District 50 was not in
cluded. The delegates voted down an adminis
tration proposal for a 25-cent increase—to $1.25
per month—in the dues of retired and disabled
members. They approved an equal division of
the $50 initiation fee—formerly $30 went to the
international and $20 to the local.
A resolution proposing that Mr. Lewis be made
permanent president for the remainder of his life
was shelved on his recommendation. Another
resolution calling for labor unity was referred to
the international executive officers to “achieve
this desired unity in labor.”
A financial report from the officers disclosed
that the UMW’s liquid assets, cash and bonds, had
nearly tripled from $13,184,854 in 1948 to
$34,032,833 as of July 1, 1952. The officers
observed that currently the financial structure of
the union was sounder than at any other period
in its history.
— W il lia m S. G a r y
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
644
IN J U R Y R A T E S IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G
Injury Rates in Manufacturing,
Second Quarter 1952
T he second-quarter 1952 injury-frequency rate 1
for manufacturing was fractionally higher than
the first-quarter rate, but established a record
low for the season. The rate of 13.8 injuries per
million man-hours for the second quarter of 1952
was only slightly above the first-quarter average
of 13.6. This was the lowest second-quarter rate
on record;2 it was 13 percent below the average
for the second quarter of the previous year, 3 per
cent below the corresponding period in 1950, and
5 percent below that in 1949.
During the first 6 months of 1952 injury rates
were at or near record lows. The average for the
full period (13.7) was 13 percent below the corre
sponding rate (15.7) for 1951, and 2 percent below
the previous record 6-month low (14.0) in 1950.2
These low rates reflect the drop which took place
during the last 5 months of 1951. Although the
injury rates for the first 7 months of 1951 were at
relatively high levels, they started downward in
August and were near record lows at the end of
the year. During the first 5 months of 1952 they
remained at these low levels, and consequently,
were well below the rates for the corresponding
months of the previous year. The rate for June
showed a 10-percent increase over May, but re
mained 8 percent below that for June 1951.
With one exception, monthly rates for 1952
closely paralleled those of 1950. In May 1952
the rate dropped, in contrast to a sharp rise in the
same month in 1950. The upswing which took
place in June 1952, however, brought the rate for
that month to a point slightly above either 1950
or 1949.
Almost two-thirds of the 135 individual indus
tries for which data were available finished the
first 6 months of 1952 with lower average injuryfrequency rates than in the same period of 1951.
For 15 of these industries the drop was substan
tial—5 frequency-rate points or more. Planing
mills had a 13.5-point improvement, and the
logging industry rate dropped 13 points.
Other industries reporting important decreases
in their 6 months’ injury-frequency rate between
1951 and 1952 were structural clay products,
gray-iron foundries, bottled soft drinks, cutlery
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
Injury-Frequency Rates in Manufacturing, 1950-52
RATE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
and edge tools, miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products, boat building and repairing, cold-finished
steel, sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies, millwork and structural wood products, metal barrels,
drums, kegs, and pails, paperboard containers and
boxes, malt and malt liquors, and nonferrous
foundries.
Outstandingly low rates reported for the first
6 months of 1952 were 1.5, synthetic fibers; 3.0,
rubber footwear; 3.3, electric lamps (bulb), and
miscellaneous communication equipment; 3.8,
aircraft, and explosives; 4.4, radio tubes; 4.5,
clothing, women’s and children’s; 4.8, synthetic
rubber; and 4.9, scientific instruments.
In a quarter-to-quarter comparison, 40 indus
tries showed somewhat higher rates in the second
quarter than in the first quarter of 1952. On the
other hand, 30 had lower rates in the second than
1 The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work in
juries for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is
any injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which
(a) results in death or any degree of permanent physical impairment, or (b)
makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly
established job, which is open and available to him, throughout the hours
corresponding to his regular shift, on any one or more days after the day of
injury (including Sundays, days ofl, or plant shutdowns). The term “in
jury” includes occupational diseases.
s Based on revised rates, adjusted to the respective final annual average for
each year.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
645
IN J U R Y R A T E S IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G
I n j u r y - f r e q u e n c y r a te s f o r s e le c te d m a n u f a c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , se c o n d q u a r te r 1 9 5 2 , w ith r e v is e d r a te s f o r 1 9 5 1 a n d f i r s t q u a r te r
19521
Second quarter, 1952, by
I First quarter
month
Second quarter
First 6-months
1951
Industry
Food and kindred products:
M eat products___________ 1_______ ____ ____
Dairy products_________________________ . . .
Canning and preserving__ ____________ ____
Grain-mill products______ J________________
Bakery products__________ ,_______________
Cane sugar____ __________ j________________
Beet sugar________________ ________________
Confectionery and related products_________
Bottled soft drinks_______ J_____ ___________
M alt and m alt liquors_____ ________________
W ines........................
I________________
D istilled liquors__________ ________________
Miscellaneous food products________________
Textile-mill products:
Cotton yarn and textiles___ L _............................
Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles_____
Woolen and worsted textiles_____ ___________
Knit goods_______________ _________________
D yeing and finishing te x tiles..............................
Miscellaneous textile goods..L........................... .
Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, m en’s and boys’..L _______________
Clothing, women’s and children’s___________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products_____
Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging----------------------------j ________________
Planing m ills______________________________
Sawmills_____ ____ ____ ______ _____________
Sawmills and planing mills, integrated_______
Veneer m ills_____ __________________________
M illwork and structural wood products______
Plywood m ills. ................... .J________________
Wooden containers_________ ________________
Miscellaneous wood products________________
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal______________
M etal household furniture__________ _____ _
Mattresses and b edsprings..._______________
Office furniture___________ i_________________
Public-building and professional furniture____
Partitions and fixtures..____________________
Screens, shades, and b lin d s..j._______________
Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills.._________
Paperboard containers and b o x es........................
Miscellaneous paper and allied p ro d u cts... . . .
Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals.. *_________ ____ _
Bookbinding and related products___________
Miscellaneous printing and publishing_______
Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______________
Plastics, except synthetic rubber_____________
Synthetic rubber___________ J_______________
Synthetic fibers____________J______ _________
Explosives_________________ j _______________
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals____
Drugs and medicines________ |_______________
Soap and related products_____ _____________
Paints, pigments, and related products_______
Fertilizers__________________ _______________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats___________
Compressed and liquefied gases________ _____
Miscellaneous chemicals and allied p ro d u cts...
Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes_______ ______________ _
Rubber footwear____________L______ ________
Miscellaneous rubber products________ ______
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing.______ ________
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.................
Footwear (except rubber) . . . . 4 ______________
Miscellaneous leather products______ ________
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products_____ L...........................
Structural clay products___________ _________
Pottery and related products........... ................. .
Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool...................
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products__
Primary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel m ills.______ ________
Gray-iron and malleable foundries____________
Steel foundries.................................. .......................
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying........ .
Nonferrous foundries......... ......................................
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
April
May
17.4
18.0
(2)
0
June
23.8
1951
1952
21.7
19.3
19.3
16.1
14.4
22.8
18.7
14.6
15.0
15.8
12.7
16.4
21.2
17.5
18.9
18.7
15.5
20.8
12.8
22.1
26.9
11.1
25.0
19.0
14.8
40.5
25.3
0
0
0
20.8
(2)
7.7
21.5
0
8.6
0
0
0
0
0
7.9
10.1
17.1
6.0
11.3
12.7
6.8
8.4
15.2
7.0
11.8
8.8
8.8
7.4
17.2
5.1
12.7
13.0
10.2
10,4
15.0
6.0
16.2
16.0
9.2
7.2
15.7
5.2
14.7
15.0
9.3
4.3
(2)
8.1
3.1
(2)
0
7.0
3.7
7.6
5.8
12.3
7.8
5.4
13.7
66.6
(2)
72.3
(2)
(2)
52.6
(2)
27.5
35.5
29.4
23.5
94.5
110.1
94.6
59.5
45.1
57.3
47.0
(2)
21.9
13.8
19.2
(2)
10.5
(2)
17.6
(2)
7.4
8.3
0
38.6
0
20.3
33.2
46.2
36.1
18.2
14.7
18.1
(2)
9.3
22.0
23.4
12.2
27.2
24.0
7.3
10.9
1951
10.4
16.9
0
0
7.7
14.1
0
1952
19.6
20.3
22.0
21.2
13.5
21.8
0
9.5
23.2
20.9
1951
21.5
18.3
19.0
17.2
14.9
21.7
0
1952
19.3
17.6
19.1
19.4
13.1
19.2
10.0
7.6
18.3
5.7
13.5
18.3
9.0
8.4
14.9
6.3
16.3
15.7
9.9
9.0
16.9
5.9
16.4
17.3
7.9
4.5
16.4
7.2
4.6
12.4
5.7
3.4
9.7
6.9
4.9
12.1
88.7
36.6
57.6
47.6
35.6
22.8
29.2
36.7
32.4
110.6
82.5
65.3
49.5
56.4
44.1
26.7
29.7
40.1
42.0
26.9
30.4
34.4
25.5
0
98.9
48.1
60.2
48.1
42.3
28.0
31.2
38.4
33.2
26.7
26.5
20.3
20.1
24.0
22.1
19.6
15.9
17.6
19.0
17.1
23.9
0
0
0
0
0
10.1
9.4
19.2
5.8
19.5
19.2
7.8
8.7
16.5
6.0
11.9
11.5
10.2
9.8
17.2
5.9
17.7
17.5
8.6
7.9
16.2
5.6
13.5
13.5
7.0
5.4
13.7
8.1
3.7
19.8
7.2
5.6
13.0
79.9
93.6
0
10.7
24.5
20.4
7.5
13.8
23.9
28.7
39.1
32.6
27.8
32.6
39.2
33.2
21.6
26.5
35.2
32.9
30.2
31.8
39.5
31.9
0
23.9
32.3
38.1
30.6
101.7
50.1
59.5
49.2
36.5
29.0
32.2
39.4
32.5
21.7
21.3
16.5
22.1
29.7
19.1
23.5
20.7
23.8
16.4
29.4
16.4
20.1
17.2
16.9
21.4
26.3
22.8
20.7
16.2
21.4
20.4
27.1
21.2
17.0
21.5
21.9
18.1
28.0
18.8
18.6
20.1
19.1
19.6
0
0
53.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
59.5
53.1
0
0
56.9
48.2
21.1
19.3
20.6
21.5
14.6
15.5
6.8
17.4
0
7.5
13.4
8.3
16.2
22.8
20.6
36.3
20.3
18.2
18.1
21.8
19.1
25.6
19.2
15.7
19.3
40.2
14.3
32.9
24.5
26.1
8.2
17.8
13.8
32.1
26.0
23.9
9.6
16.6
0
Third Fourth Aver
for
quartei quarter age
year
13.1
39.5
25.7
6.7
20.8
0
0
16.4
26.8
20.0
0
17.6
(2)
20.4
16.8
«
22.3
(2)
0
21.0
0
0
22.4
0
0
0
0
0
21.8
28.2
20.9
22.0
18.5
22.5
15.9
0
0
22.3
24.9
19.9
20.8
19.5
22.8
15.1
13.6
15.2
16.2
13.7
13.3
9.1
14.2
15.0
13.5
16.1
19.1
15.2
15.4
13.7
15.4
15.8
20.4
12.6
13.8
14.5
12.9
16.0
19.7
13.8
14.6
14.0
14.6
16.6
18.3
13.8
14.6
14.4
13.3
15.8
18.1
13.7
(2)
(2)
8.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9.1
0
9.5
11.5
9.6
9.1
11.1
7.0
0
0
10.1
9.1
10.0
9.1
9.2
6.7
3.7
1.4
2.7
8.7
9.6
7.0
13.8
25.4
9.7
6.7
1.6
1.4
2.4
7.7
10.5
10.0
13.9
22.6
9.5
6.7
2.5
1.4
2.5
8.2
10.1
8.4
13.9
24.1
8.1
6.0
1.9
1.8
5.0
7.5
8.9
7.7
10.5
19.3
12.9
22.3
7.4
5.8
4.8
1.5
3.8
6.5
7.9
8.5
10.5
19.2
20.8
12.0
21.6
11.1
6.9
2.3
2.0
3.4
7.1
7.7
8.4
11.8
21.8
15.6
21.9
7.3
5.3
5.0
1.8
3.8
6.3
7.7
10.7
9.6
21.6
21.9
13.1
21.4
14.7
22.5
15.2
15.9
9.5
6.6
2.3
1.7
3.4
7.7
9.2
8.3
12.5
22.4
23.8
14.0
20.7
6.0
5.1
15.2
5.3
2.5
10.9
6.0
5.2
15.0
5.4
3.0
11.7
6.2
5.3
15.2
6.3
3.8
10.9
6.1
4.9
14.1
26.1
30.8
27.5
20.0
9.9
9.9
0
10.2
0
0
10.1
0
23.6
25.4
21.7
9.5
12.7
0
21.9
17.8
7.1
0
8.5
9.5
8.3
9.4
6.0
6.6
4.7
(2)
1.7
(2)
6.2
8.1
7.0
9.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.0
22.5
7.5
6.5
4.6
1.2
3.9
6.7
8.1
6.3
11.2
16.4
19.6
11.0
22.3
5.8
2.0
11.4
4.4
2.6
10.5
5.7
3.0
10.7
5.9
5.4
14.6
5.6
3.5
12.1
25.7
(2)
9.8
(2)
30.9
6.8
4.1
0
1.9
0
5.7
7.3
10.7
9.0
8.6
6.9
0
1.7
0
6.9
7.7
14.7
10.8
35.7
0
0
9.5
11.3
0
26.8
0
7.9
0
7.1
9.2
0
8.1
0
0
8.8
0
0
9.7
0
0
9.2
0
0
26.4
21.0
9.0
13.9
10.6
26.7
10.9
19.4
15.3
13.2
40.4
17.6
26.9
20.4
11.1
36.7
18.4
24.5
14.5
12.7
41.2
16.8
26.0
22.2
10.8
31.8
14.4
22.8
14.9
15.4
38.9
20.0
30.2
20.2
11.8
38.1
14.7
26.0
15.7
13.1
39.8
17.0
27.0
20.2
6.3
31.8
27.4
13.5
20.1
6.4
40.3
29.3
16.6
24.9
6.3
31.9
26.0
16.9
19.2
6.5
39.7
30.7
15.4
25.1
6.3
32.1
26.8
15.2
19.7
6.6
39.2
34.7
14.8
22.9
6.2
34.0
30.3
14.5
22.3
6.4
38.3
31.5
15.0
24.0
0
0
13.2
41.1
18.0
(2)
15.0
9 .1
3 3 .9
2 2 .4
0
11.0
35.2
14.7
0
14.5
12.2
42.0
16.0
24.7
23.9
6.2
30.6
26.4
19.5
19.1
5.7
31.0
26.6
15.9
21.2
8.6
34.3
24.9
14.9
17.0
6.6
39.1
32.1
14.1
25.5
13.9
24.4
9.5
10.8
0
10.2
25.1
IN JU R Y R A T E S IN MANUFACTURING
646
M ONTHLY LABOR
I n j u r y - f r e q u e n c y r a te s f o r se le c te d m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d u s t r i e s , se c o n d q u a r te r 1 9 5 2 , w ith r e v is e d r a te s f o r 1 9 5 1 a n d f i r s t q u a r te r
1 9 5 2 1— Continued
Second quarter, 1952, by
month
First quarter
Second quarter
Industry
Primary metal industries—Continued
Iron and steel forgings--------- ----------------------------Wire drawing---- ------------------------------Welded and heavy-riveted pipe------------------------Cold-finished steel------- ------ ------------- ------ -------Fabricated metal products:
T in cans and other tinware--- ------- ------------Cutlery and edge t o o l s . ------------------------------Hand tools, files, and saws-------------------------------______ ____ — ------ ----------H ardw are___
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies---------------Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus--------Structural steel and ornamental metal work-------M etal doors, sash, frame, and trim-------------- ------Boiler-shop products---------- ------------------------------------------- ------ --------Sh eet-m etalw ork... . . .
Stamped and pressed metal products-----------------M etal coating and engraving----------------------------Fabricated wire products---------------------------------M etal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails----------------Steel springs------ --------------------------------------------Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets------------------------Screw-machine products----------------------------------Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified
Machinery (except electrical):
Engines and turbines---------------------------------------Agricultural machinery and tractors--------- -----Construction and mining machinery...... ..................
Metalworking machinery---------------------------------Food-products machinery--------------------------------T extile machinery. . . -------------- ------ ------ -------—
Miscellaneous special-industry machinery----------Pumps and compressors-----------------------------------Elevators, escalators, and conveyors------------------Mechanical power-transmission equipment (except ball arid roller bearings)---------------------------
Miscellaneous general industrial machinery-------Commercial and household machinery..................
Valves and fittings---------------------- -----------------Ball and roller bearings---------------------------------Machine shops, general...... ........ ........ .....................
Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus-------- ------ -............
Electrical appliances-------- ------ - ........... - ........... —
Insulated wire and cable--------------------- ------ ----Electrical equipment for vehicles-------------- ------Electric lamps (bulbs)-----------------------------------Radios and related products---------------------------Radio tubes__________________________ _____
Miscellaneous communication equipment----- .
Batteries---- ---------------------------------------------Electrical products, not elsewhere classified-------Transportatioi equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers----------------Motor-vehicle parts and accessories--------------- -Aircraft . -----------------------------------------------Aircraft parts----------------------------------------------Ship building and repairing----------------------------Boat building and repairing---------------------------Railroad equipment-------------------------------Instruments and related products:
Scientific instruments---------- ---------------------Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments _. . ---------------------------------- ----------Optical instruments and lenses_______________
Medical instruments and supplies.. ---------------Ophthalmic goods.. ----------------------------------Photographic equipment and supplies--------------Watches and clocks.._ . . .
..
------- ------ . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries:
Paving and roofing materials---------- ------ ---------Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware----------------Fabricated plastics products---------------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing--------------------------Ordnance and accessories--------------------------------
April
M ay
June
20.7
14.3
17.8
11.3
22.9
11.3
22.3
9.9
22.3
34.5
27.7
16.2
13.8
11.4
15.0
9.1
13.7
12.4.
10.6
22.9
23.1
(3)
21.5
31.8
14.5
(a)
15.6
(2)
25.1
15.5
15.4
12.6
10.8
13.5
22.1
14.9
13.6
11.6
19.1
17.9
13.1
12.2
16.3
11.8
11.8
16.8
21.1
(2)
20.2
22.8
11.9
«
15.5
(2)
22.2
18.1
14.5
9.6
8.4
14.2
21.6
12.7
15.6
13.7
19.3
16.5
12.8
9.5
12.3
9.3
11.7
25.3
30.2
(2)
24.4
30.5
14.3
(2)
23.6
(2)
28.1
16.3
15.9
11.1
24.2
10.8
19.1
17.6
13.4
20.9
20.4
11.7
20.0
22.1
24.6
18.6
25.9
25.0
18.9
25.3
19.0
12.1
26.2
13.0
13.9
12.3
13.5
16.8
7.4
15.9
16.6
13.7
15.7
17.0
8.3
17.2
8.9
16.9
16.3
17.7
9.8
19.0
9.7
18.3
7.7
4.7
13.3
7.4
2.4
7.6
3.1
16.0
5.9
3.7
5.1
3.6
3.2
11.3
(2)
7.4
5.0
10.4
5.8
3.8
4.7
8.4
5.5
5.5
21.5
(2)
9.8
3.7
7.1
23.5
(2)
9.6
5.2
7.2
3.3
6.3
23.8
(2)
8.5
5.4
5.8
9.9
6.6
5.6
6.8
(2)
6.0
7.0
4.6
6.5
(2)
8.5
6.4
9.1
7.5
11.5
(2)
7.2
13.3
(?)
(J)
5.7
13.7
11.3
(2)
9.5
19.6
13.6
5.7
4.3
4.1
11.0
(2)
8.1
3.9
6.2
9.6
9.1
13.4
12.7
6.6
8.2
6.1
15.8
18.0
22.0
20.0
11.2
12.8
11.0
10.1
13.4
22.2
22.0
38.7
27.2
24.0
13.4
28.6
17.6
9.6
20.2
15.0
12.5
9.2
14.1
16.6
7.3
17.2
11.7
16.0
13.1
18.9
8.5
16.4
10.3
17.9
6.1
26.3
12.3
15.7
18.2
18.0
20.6
6.8
4.0
9.6
(2)
8.0
13.5
6.4
3.2
7.6
3.9
3.7
12.9
11.8
6.3
9.0
4.6
1951
25.2
15.0
22.9
12.0
12.6
11.7
15.2
14.9
11.3
14.7
22.9
13.7
15.4
15.4
1952
9.1
14.3
23.7
13.9
13.8
11.9
16.4
17.0
17.6
8.3
13.2
24.9
13.4
i Monthly and quarterly rates for 1951 were computed from data furnished
by establishments which reported for all 12 months. These rates were then
adjusted on the basis of the ratios between the final annual rates and the
12 months’ cumulative averages. The final annual rates are based upon
a more comprehensive survey than are the monthly and quarterly rates,
and are, therefore, considered to be the best measure of the level of injury
frequency. The monthly rates, however, show the month to month fluctua
tions and the current trend in injury rates. The rates for 1952 were computed
from data furnished by all establishments reporting for the given periods
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1951
8.0
8.3
14.8
7.1
2.8
5.4
4.0
3.0
10.6
6.0
22.1
11.7
18.2
25.2
23.9
31.2
30.0
32.0
17.0
28.9
18.0
18.3
19.9
15.0
15.1
13.7
12.2
1952
1951
1952
11.6
23.5
15.7
22.4
13.0
27.8
12.7
19.3
20.9
22.3
12.4
18.3
15.8
25.1
17.4
19.9
12.4
12.4
21.4
11.7
14.0
16.7
20.8
13.7
19.0
9.1
22.7
18.9
12.0
21.2
20.0
11.6
12.0
14.5
9.9
11.4
21.6
24.1
45.5
22.0
28.2
13.5
28.5
17.9
9.2
25.1
16.6
15.3
11.1
9.2
13.6
25.3
20.2
11.4
19.1
23.6
24.2
24.8
27.9
28.5
17.9
26.9
18.5
15.2
23.0
14.0
14.5
13.0
11.8
22.8
12.6
19.0
18.3
16.8
19.9
14.1
17.6
16.5
18.8
18.4
16.5
11.9
16.1
19.1
11.3
18.4
13.7
13.9
12.3
17.9
16.4
8.1
9.0
7.5
15.6
7.6
4.4
5.7
3.9
4.3
18.3
6.5
7.5
4.3
13.3
6.4
3.3
5.3
4.9
3.7
10.6
(2)
15.4
24.2
13.7
16.6
14.9
21.0
10.0
8.8
7.7
14.6
7.1
3.9
6.7
3.9
4.0
15.5
9.0
10.2
22.2
10.1
12.7
20.3
21.7
25.3
31.7
27.2
35.3
17.1
27.5
19.7
19.4
27.6
16.7
19.1
15.3
9.2
14.0
23.2
13.7
14.0
12.4
17.3
16.7
15.7
15.7
25.4
14.4
19.5
13.0
21.5
18.3
20.4
14.0
17.2
7.7
16.8
16.4
18.4
9.6
12.5
23.2
41.7
24.6
26.0
13.4
28.4
17.7
9.1
22.0
15.9
13.7
10.6
6.0
7.9
7.3
19.5
6.7
3.8
6.5
4.3
3.9
13.8
5.5
8.4
7.5
16.3
7.0
4.1
6.5
4.1
3.9
14.2
6.5
9.5
4.6
7.8
23.4
(3)
14.1
5.8
8.7
4.1
6.9
20.3
(2)
6.3
9.2
4.5
7.1
22.5
39.2
5.7
5.0
12.0
6.1
8.2
9.0
4.5
9.1
5.6
5.3
10.8
4.7
6.1
6.8
23.8
(2)
12.3
23.0
(!)
9.3
23.4
40.9
11.6
6.4
2.9
7.8
7.0
7.3
4.9
8.4
5.5
8.5
6.4
9.2
(3)
7.4
9.0
8.0
6.6
7.5
5.8
8.3
11.7
7.0
8.0
6.5
8.8
6.2
(2)
7.2
9.4
(3)
9.2
14.1
12.5
7.8
(2)
8.3
19.1
13.1
7.3
5.0
6.3
6.3
<?)
6.6
15.9
13.5
8.8
7.0
(2)
8.0
15.5
12.5
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6. 7
(s)
7.4
17.6
13.3
8.0
20.6
11.3
15.2
23.8
14.0
17.6
13.3
20.5
18.4
19.3
8.4
7.3
16.7
7.1
4.9
5.8
4.4
3.6
11.9
4.0
23.1
(2)
10.7
10.9
10.0
14.2
21.5
14.2
17.7
10.3
18.9
17.2
7.8
6.7
14.0
6.7
3.3
5.4
4.4
3.3
5.2
7.0
3.8
6.5
22.3
33.7
9.3
8.2
10.8
19.9
17.8
15.5
10.7
13.1
18.2
16.1
6.3
9.3
4.6
10.1
12.8
28.7
16.7
19.0
22.7
24.1
27.8
26.6
29.1
16.6
27.5
18.4
15.1
23.3
15.6
15.9
13.0
21.6
11.8
5.4
7.9
3.6
6.8
17.3
21.7
22.9
31.2
24.0
24.2
16.0
18.5
9.3
19.2
6.4
9.7
4.7
6.6
12.0
11.2
12.0
18.1
19.1
14.4
18.1
7.5
17.1
13.1
19.0
5.0
6.3
3.9
6.3
21.5
(2)
9.3
6.8
Aver
Third Fourth
for
quarter quarter age
year
21.8
12.1
21.9
17.0
16.1
25.5
13.7
17.9
14.2
21.4
19.8
18.5
10.2
19.2
12.8
1951
First 6-months
(2)
7.3
9.0
15.7
8.6
14.8
12.4
6.9
9.6
12.5
(2)
6.8
8.6
(2)
9.4
17.7
13.5
5.3
10.8
6.2
(2)
10.9
12.6
11.3
4.0
12.2
18.5
6.8
8.4
6.4
7.0
14.0
8.6
16.4
12.9
6.0
and were also adjusted by the same ratios applied to the 1951 figures. Injury
data for 1951 and the first quarter of 1952, published previously, were adjusted
to the 1950 final annual rates. When final 1952 rates become available, some
further revisions may be necessary to bring the monthly and quarterly rates
into line with the annual averages. A table presenting rates by months
and quarters, for 1951 and for the first 6 months of 1952 is available upon
request.
2 Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
C E IL IN G P R IC E R E G U L A T IO N S
in the first quarter, and 58 showed virtually no
change (less than one full frequency-rate point).
The most striking rise occurred in the structural
clay products industry, which rebounded from an
unusually low level of 26.7 in the first quarter to
36.7 in the second. The second-quarter rate,
however, was below that for a year earlier, and the
average for the first 6 months was well below that
for the previous year.
Increases of five or more frequency-rate points
between the first and second quarters of 1952
occurred in 12 other industries. In nine of these
instances, the increase represented merely a
normal upswing from low rates achieved in the
first quarter. The second-quarter rates for the
pottery and related products, plywood mills, cane
sugar, fertilizers, concrete, gypsum, and mineral
wool, and partitions and fixtures industries showed
marked increases over the first quarter but were
about the same or slightly lower than a year earlier.
_______________________647
Rates for canning and preserving, dairy products,
and grain-mill products were considerably higher
in the second than in the first quarter of 1952, and
were somewhat above the second quarter of 1951,
but did not differ greatly from those for other
periods in 1951.
For the metal doors, sash, and frame industry
the 1952 second-quarter rate (45.5) was well above
the first-quarter average (38.7) and substantially
above the 1951 second-quarter rate (31.2). Leather
tanning and finishing, and miscellaneous fabricated
textile products, showed substantial increases in
their second-quarter rates over the first quarter
of 1952, and also over any period in 1951.
The most pronounced decreases between the
first and second quarters of 1952 were in logging,
boiler-shop products, and in the elevators, esca
lators, and conveyors industry. These industries
also showed substantially lower rates than a year
earlier.
Ceiling Price Regulations Numbers 162-177
Major Provisions of CPR’s Adopted August-October 1952
CPR
No.
Date issued
Effective
date
Commodity covered
Distribution level
Provides ceilings for sale of domestic and
imported beet pulp products.
Producers. __ __ Establishes ceilings for sales of ferroman
ganese, silicomanganese, spiegeleisen, and
manganese metal. The regulation affects
imported products, export sales, and sales
for export. It does not cover sales by
resellers.
Manufacturers___ Provides ceilings for sales of all types of bags
produced in the United States, which are
made from paper, film, foil, or any
combination (except shipping sacks).
Im p o rters_______ Provides a method for importers in com
puting ceilings for certain logs, lumber,
and allied wood products.
Various le v e ls ----- Establishes ceilings for textile products
sold in Puerto Rico at various levels of
distribution.
Ceilings established are
based on a percentage mark-up over cost.
Producers and dis Fixes ceilings for cottonseed-feed products,
including cottonseed cake, flakes, meal,
tributors.
sized cake, pellets, cubes, hulls, hull bran
and cottonseed feed.
Dollar-and-cent
ceilings are listed for processors on an
f. o. b. mill basis at all major points of
production.
162
Aug.
5
Aug.
9
Beet pulp products____ Various levels.
163
Aug.
8
Aug.
8
Ferromanganese, man
ganese metal, and
other
manganese
products.
164
Aug. 19
Aug. 25
Grocers bags, variety
and specialty paper,
film, and foil.
165
Aug. 21
Aug. 26
Lumber, logs, and al
lied wood products.
166
Aug. 22
Aug. 27
Textile products sold
in Puerto Rico.
167
Aug. 25
Aug. 25
Cottonseed-feed prod
ucts.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Scope of provision
648
C E IL IN G
P R IC E R E G U L A T IO N S
Major Provisions of CPR’s Adopted August-October 1952—Continued
OPR
No.
Date issued
Effective
date
Commodity covered
168
Sept. 11
Sept. 16
169
Sept. 12
Sept. 17
Sitka spruce and West
Coast hemlock man
ufactured and sold
in Alaska.
Iron ores produced in
Minnesota,
W is
consin, or Michigan.
170
Sept. 16
Sept. 22
Western wood pre
serving
industry
(pressure
process
only).
171
Sept. 17 __ do___
Untreated
Eastern
poles and piling.
172
Sept. 26
Oct.
173
Sept. 29
Sept. 30
174
Oct. 13
Nov.
1
Prepared concrete re
inforcing bars and
reinforcement ma
terials.
175
Oct. 16
Oct. 21
Douglas fir and West
ern hemlock doors.
176
Oct. 23
Oct. 28
New England hemlock
and other species of
New England soft
woods.
177
Oct. 27
Nov.
Alfalfa products___ __
1
1
Distillers’ dried prod
ucts.
Soybean products.
Distribution level
Mill level____ ____ Establishes dollars-and-cents ceiling prices
for Alaska-produced sales of Sitka spruce
and West Coast hemlock lumber for
delivery in Alaska.
Producers__ _____ Provides ceilings for merchant ore produced
in the Lake Superior district. Prices
established are 75 cents per gross ton
higher than heretofore.
Various levels___
Provides a method for arriving at ceilings of
preservatively treated forest products
treated in the part of the United States
west of the 100th meridian or in any part
of North Dakota or South Dakota.
Also provides method for determining
ceilings for the service of pressure treating
customer-owned forest products.
Producers _ ____ Establishes dollars-and-cents ceilings for
sales of untreated southern yellow pine,
cypress, mixed oak, white oak and mixed
hardwood piling produced in the part of
the United States east of the 100th merid
ian, except the portion of North Dakota
and South Dakota east of that meridian.
Also provides a method for determining
ceilings for concentrator’s sales of these
items.
Various levels.
Provides ceiling prices for processors, job
bers, wholesalers, and retailers.
Processors and dis Establishes ceiling prices for the products
tributors.
of soybean processing with exception of
soybean oil and soybean flour.
Various levels____ Provides two methods for computing ceilings
of prepared concrete reinforcing bars—for
independent and integrated preparers.
Ceiling prices for reinforcement materials
are established on the basis of the pre
parer’s formula in effect on Jan. 25, 1951.
Manufacturers___ Establishes specific dollars-and-cents ceilings
for standard sizes and grades of stock
doors, door bars, and bead stock produced
west of the Cascade Mountains in the
States of Washington and Oregon.
__ d o .. ______
Establishes dollars-and-cents ceilings for
merchantable rough or surfaced hemlock
lumber sawed from hemlock in the States
of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and
Vermont.
Processors and dis Establishes ceilings for sales of domestic
tributors.
alfalfa products.
Sources: Federal Registers, vol. 17—No. 153, Aug. 6,1952, p. 7144; No. 157,
Aug. 12, 1952, p. 7333; No. 164, Aug. 21, 1952, p. 7615; No. 166, Aug. 23, 1952,
pp. 7725 and 7732; No. 167, Aug. 26, 1952, p. 7778; No. 180, Sept. 13, 1952, pp.
8247 and 8268; No. 182, Sept. 17, 1952, p. 8340; No. 183, Sept. 18, 1952, p. 8381;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Scope of provision
No. 190, Sept. 27, 1952, p. 8629; No. 193, Oct. 2, 1952, p. 8767; No. 202, Oct. 15,
1952, p. 9135; No. 204, Oct. 17,1952, p. 9184; No. 209, Oct. 24, 1952, p. 9620; and
No. 212, Oct. 29, 1952, p. 9720.
Recent Decisions
of Interest to Labor
Wages and Hours 2
M aintaining Rights-of-W ay of Power Co. A United States
district court held 3 that employees of an independent con
tractor engaged in clearing and maintaining rights-of-way
for a power company were entitled to minimum-wage and
overtime compensation under the Fair Labor Standards
Act. The power company produces and sells electrical
energy throughout the State of Florida to manufacturing
companies which regularly ship the goods they manu
facture to points outside the State.
Three types of employees were involved: (1) Trimmers,
who cut away the limbs and foliage growing in close
proximity to the power-line poles; (2) common laborers,
who assisted the trimmers and performed incidental tasks;
and (3) truck drivers, who transported employees and
equipment to and from the job site. Almost all the em
ployees were paid at the rate of 75 cents an hour, but did
not, as required by the act, receive time and one-half for
hours worked in excess of 40 in any week.
Employees of a power company engaged in producing
and selling electric power and in building and maintaining
power lines and rights-of-way over which it transmitted
electricity for use in production of goods for commerce are
covered by the act, the court stated. It concluded that
employees of an independent contractor who are, to the
same extent, engaged in an activity which is “closely re
lated and directly essential to the production of goods for
interstate commerce” are likewise covered by the act.
The court ruled that the Secretary of Labor was entitled
to an injunction requiring the employer to pay his em
ployees at least the minimum wage and overtime com
pensation required by the act.
Labor Relations
One-Year Certification Rule. (1) A circuit court of appeals
found 4 that an employer did not violate section 8 (a) (5) of
the Labor Management Relations Act by suspending
negotiations with the union certified within the previous
year as representative of his employees.
Three days before suspension of negotiations, an em
ployee filed a decertification petition with the National
Labor Relations Board; and shortly thereafter, an amended
petition, signed by every employee in the bargaining unit,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
was filed. No coercion or influence by the employer was
alleged in connection with filing of the petitions, it being
conceded that they were entirely voluntary on the em
ployees’ part.
T h e B o a rd ’s o p in io n h a d h e ld t h a t a n e m p lo y e r w ho
refu ses to b a rg a in w ith a u n io n fo r “ a t le a s t 1 y e a r ” a f te r
th e u n io n h a s b e e n c e rtifie d a s c o lle c tiv e -b a rg a in in g re p re
s e n ta tiv e is g u ilty o f a n u n fa ir la b o r p ra c tic e , e v e n th o u g h
th e u n io n h a s lo s t a ll its m e m b e rs a n d s u c h loss c a n n o t b e
a t t r i b u t e d to a n y e m p lo y e r a c tiv itie s .
The court noted that the Board had not been specific or
definitive in its statement of the 1-year certification rule;
that, for example, in L ift Trucks, Inc.,6 it had held that an
employer was “obligated to bargain with a certified union
for a reasonable period of time” and that “in the absence of
unusual circumstances, a reasonable period of time is
customarily held to be 1 year.” Existence of “unusual
circumstances” had been recognized by the Board in two
cases in which unions, well within a year after certification,
transferred their affiliation from the CIO to the AFL,6 and
in both cases, the Board declined to uphold the 1-year
rule. The court found that the only distinction between
the two cited cases and the instant case was that in the
former the employees who repudiated the certified union
had affiliated with another union, whereas in the present
instance, no affiliation with another union occurred.
(2)
The NLRB held 7 that, under its policy of affording
the employer and a certified union full opportunity to arrive
at an agreement, all petitions for decertification and repre
sentation filed within a year of the original certification will
be dismissed.
Citing Frank Bros. Co. v. N L R B 3 to the effect that “a
bargaining relationship once rightfully established must
be permitted to exist and function for a reasonable period
in which it can be given a fair chance to succeed,” the Board
held that a reasonable period, except in unusual circum
stances, is 1 year.
The Board’s practice had been to permit regional direc
tors to accept employee petitions filed in the twelfth month
of the certification year, and not to process them until the
full year had expired. But employer petitions filed before
the end of the 1-year period were dismissed, on the theory
1 Prepared in the U. S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor.
The cases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant
decisions believed to be of special interest. No attempt has been made to
reflect all recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of
labor law or to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in
which contrary results may be reached, based upon local statutory pro
visions, the existence of local precedents, or a different approach by the courts
to the issue presented.
2This section is intended merely as a digest of some recent decisions in
volving the Pair Labor Standards Act and the Portal-to-Portal Act. It is
not to be construed and may not be relied upon as interpretation of these
acts by the Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division or any agency of
the Department of Labor.
2 Tobin v. Hayes (S. D. Fla., Oct. 6,1952),
*NLRB v. Globe Automatic Sprinkler Co., (C. A. 3, Sept. 30, 1952).
1 75 National Labor Relations Board 998.
8Carson Pirie Scott & Co. (69 NLRB 935); Jasper Wood Products Co., Inc.
(72 NLRB 1306).
7In re Centr-O-Cast & Engineering Co. and Local No. 985, International
Union, United Automobile, Aircraft & Agricultural Implement Workers (100
NLRB 253, Oct. 15, 1952).
8321 TJ. S. 702, 705.
649
650
DECISIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
that to accept and hold them would encourage action on
the employer’s part which would be inconsistent with his
statutory duty to bargain in good faith for the full mini
mum period of 1 year following certification.
Having reconsidered its administrative rule of holding
employee representation and decertification petitions in
inactive status, the Board ruled that in the future it will
dismiss all petitions filed before the 1-year period has
expired.
D iscrim ination by Employer. (1) The NLRB found 9 that
an employer had violated section 8 (a) (3) of the LMRA by
discriminating against employees who participated in a
strike.
In May 1951, a list of 16 employee grievances was
submitted by the union to the employer. Although the
employer took action to correct some of the conditions
complained of, the employees were notified that, with one
exception, no further action would be taken on any of the
grievances. Upon learning of this, 20 employees decided
not to report for work. Unknown to those employees, the
employer had the same day called the union to arrange a
conference on the grievances. Five of the 20 employees
who failed to report for work were discharged by the
employer, allegedly because they had not given the
company advance notice of their absence.
The employer contended that under the principle
enunciated in the decision of the Fourth Circuit Court of
Appeals in N L R B v. Draper Corp.,10 the strike in the instant
case was “in derogation of the union’s authority and there
fore not protected.” The Board rejected this contention,
pointing out that, unlike employees concerned in the Draper
case, these employees had been led by the employer to
believe that he would not take further action on the
grievances. In the Board’s opinion, the strike did not
interfere with the exclusive authority of the employees’
bargaining representative, and a subsequent plant-wide
strike and negotiations by the union ratified the walk-out
by the 20 employees. Further, the Board found that the
five employees had not been discharged because of un
excused absence from work, as the employer had contended,
but because of their concerted activity to compel action by
the employer on employee grievances.
(2) In another instance, the NLRB decided 11 that an
employer violated section 8 (a) (3) of the act by dis
criminating against employees for concerted activities in
presenting a grievance.
The trial examiner’s report—adopted by the Board—
found that five employees of a company, upon learning
that their foreman had quit his job, attempted to discuss
with the superintendent the possibility of his reemploy
ment. This group was interested in the continued employ
ment of their foreman, not only because of their high
regard for him as an individual, but also because he was
responsible for the efficient and safe operation of machinery
and equipment and for the assignment and distribution
of work. On the other hand, they had little confidence in
the ability of the employee who they correctly believed
would be selected as the new foreman.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
When the group approached the superintendent, he
refused to discuss the matter, gave them their pay checks,
and told them they were being discharged. In the Board’s
opinion, these employees had merely banded together in
order to present a grievance in connection with a matter
relating to their working conditions. The opinion cited
N L R B v. Phoenix Life Insurance Co.12 to show that such
activities are protected under the act.
State Jurisdiction Over Charitable Institutions. A court of
appeals held 13 that a State could enact legislation setting
up a labor relations board to exercise jurisdiction over a
charitable organization engaging in interstate commerce.
The organization, a hospital, contended that the LMRA
had preempted the field in all labor-management relations
in interstate commerce, and that therefore the State
labor board had no jurisdiction. It further contended
that Congress, in excluding charitable hospitals from the
Federal act, intended not only that they should be free
therefrom but also that they should be free from any
regulation by the States.
The court, rejecting these contentions, pointed out that
nothing in the act or in its legislative history could be
interpreted as a mandate to the States that they should
refrain from enacting legislation designed to maintain
proper relations between employer and employees in
charitable hospitals. In fact, the court stated, both the
Wagner Act (the National Labor Relations Act of 1935)
and the LMRA show a clear congressional intent not to
exclude State legislation in this field.
False Statements in Non-Communist Affidavits. A Federal
district court held 14 that an indictment alleging that a
union officer knowingly made a false statement in a nonCommunist affidavit is sufficient ground for a criminal
prosecution for violation of a Federal statute.
The court, after noting that the constitutionality of
section 9 (h) of the LMRA, requiring the filing of nonCommunist affidavits, had been upheld by the Supreme
Court in Osman v. Douds,15 ruled that Congress, in enacting
this section, incorporated by reference the criminal pro
visions of title 18, section 1001, of the United States Code,
forbidding false statements to Government agencies.
Therefore the indictment alleged the necessary elements
of the crime.
Interference. The NLRB found 16 that an employer and
a union violated section 8 (a) and (b) of the LMRA by
interfering, in a manner not permitted under the act,
with the employees’ right to refrain from joining a labor
union.
8In re Sunset Minerals, Inc., and International Union of Mine, Mill &
Smelter Workers, Local 18 (100 N L R B No. 241, Oct. 10, 1952).
m 145 F. 2d 199.
ii In re Ace Handle Corp. and Arvil Purifoy (100 N L R B No. 230, Sept. 30,
1952).
1 2 167 F. 2d 983 (C. A. 7), certiorari denied (335 TJ. S. 845).
is Utah Valley Hospital v. Industrial Commission (C. A. 10, Oct. 2,1952).
n United States v. Valenti (D. N . J., June 27, 1952).
1» 339 U. S. 846.
>5In re Jandel Furs and Abe Weinstein; Fur Workers Union Local 72 (100
N L R B No. 234, Oct. 9, 1952).
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
DECISIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
A 1947 contract negotiated between the employer and
the union provided that all employees should be members
in good standing in the union and that the company would
“apply exclusively” to the union for workers. The 1949
extension of the agreement modified this provision by
inserting a clause to the effect that “the provisions . . .
are subject to any enactments or amendments that may
become effective as a result of congressional action.”
The Board, citing Unique A rt Manufacturing Co.,17
rejected any contention that the 1949 provision, acting
as a savings clause, purged the agreement of the unlawful
restrictions upon employment, and stated that, in fact,
it did not disturb the continued existence of the patently
illegal closed-shop provision. The Board held that such
provision, by its very presence in the contract, served as a
threat to employee rights as guaranteed in section 7, and
therefore was in violation of the act.
Constitutionality of Section SOI of L M R A . A Federal
district court upheld 18 the constitutionality of section 301
of the act. The section provides that suits involving
violation of contracts between an employer and a union
representing employees in an industry affecting commerce
may be brought “in any district court of the United States
having jurisdiction of the parties, without respect to the
amount in controversy or without regard to the citizen
ship of the parties.” An action was brought under this
section for damages arising from an alleged violation of a
“no-strike” clause in a collective-bargaining agreement
and a motion to dismiss was filed on the ground that
section 301 “was unconstitutional.”
The defendant contended that the judicial power of the
Federal courts, under article III of the Constitution, ex
tends only to cases involving diversity of citizenship, or
cases in which substantive rights arise under the Constitu
tion, treaties, or laws of the United States. Jurisdiction on
the basis of diversity of citizenship was not alleged in the
complaint, and defendant contended that no jurisdiction
existed under any United States law, because the LMRA
concerned merely procedural matters and did not involve
substantive rights.
The court stated, citing Colonial Hardwood Flooring
Co., Inc. v. International Union United Furniture Workers ,19
that this precise question had been considered by the
courts, which had held that the act did create substantive
rights.
Paym ent for Time Absent From Work.20 A Federal district
court held that an employer was not obligated, under the
terms of a collective-bargaining contract, to pay employees
for voluntary absences from work.
li 83 NLRB 1250.
i8 Ludlow Mfg. & Sales Co. v. Textile Workers (D. Del., Sept. 22, 1952).
n 76 F. Supp. 493, affirmed 168 F. 2d 33.
20 Association of Employees v. Westinghouse Corp. (W. D. Pa., Oct. 2,1952).
21In re Spack (Sup. Ct. N. Y., 3d Jud. Dept., Sept. 24, 1952).
22 In re Crealey (Sup. Ct. N. Y. App. Div., 3d Jud. Dept., June 13, 1952).
23 Golubski v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Penna. Super.
Ct., Oct. 1, 1952).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
651
The contract required the employer (a company) to pay
employees for time absent from work due to illness or dis
ability, but did not require payment for voluntary ab
sences. In the court’s opinion, this would have been
sufficient ground for dismissing the complaint if the em
ployees had not contended that specific directions incor
porated by reference in the agreement indicated an inten
tion on the company’s part to pay for such absences, and
imposed upon it a contractual obligation to do so. The
directions referred to provided that “salaries for the basic
workweek . . . shall be paid whether or not all voluntary
absence has been made up.”
In rejecting plaintiff’s contention that the employer
thereby covenanted that he would pay full salary for
voluntary absences, the court noted that the directions—
entitled “determination of workweek”—were merely
instructions to accountants. The court pointed out that
it would appear questionable whether a successful business
enterprise could possibly carry on under a policy providing
that 4,000 employees should be paid for days they did not
choose to work.
Unemployment Compensation
Unreasonable Offer of Employment. The New York
Supreme Court held21 that a claimant was not disqualified
for refusing an unreasonable offer of employment. The
claimant had been referred to the prospective job and was
accepted. The employer insisted that she start work im
mediately or not at all. She refused this demand because
she did not have work clothes or special tools with her and
offered to report the following morning. The court held
that claimant did not refuse employment at all, irrespective
of any question of good cause.
The New York Supreme
Court disqualified22 a claimant who was a union member
and was laid off because of a production stoppage which
resulted from picketing by a rival union. The court said
that, within the meaning of the New York law, claimant’s
unemployment was caused by a strike or industrial con
troversy in the establishment in which she was employed.
This holding was made despite the fact that, in an injunc
tion proceeding brought by the employer, another court
had ruled that there was no labor dispute at the employer’s
establishment.
Labor D ispute Disqualification.
Benefits During Inventory Shut-Down. The Superior Court
of Pennsylvania held 23 that workers who were unable to
work because their plant was closed for inventory were
eligible for benefits, even though the workers took their
vacation during this time, provided they drew no vacation
pay. The workers were represented by a union which had
an agreement with the employer providing that a shut
down period could be designated as the vacation period
for employees who were eligible for vacations. After the
company had designated the shut-down period the union
and the company agreed that employees were to be con-
652
DECISIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
sidered on lay-off status for the time they did not draw
vacation pay. The court held that the workers were not
to be considered as having voluntarily left work during the
inventory period because of the later agreement. They
were available for work, and their lack of work resulted
not from the agreement, but rather from the employer’s
failure to furnish work.
at the very start. In view of this fact, the court held that
claimant was not at fault, since he acted honestly and in
good faith. The agency, rather than claimant, was at
fault.
A v a ila b ility f o r W o rk .
An Ohio court of common pleas
held 25 that claimant was not unavailable for work solely
because she was not employed by a prospective employer
to whom she stated her intention to return to her former
employer when recalled. Claimant had been laid off
from her previous job. She had nearly 4 years’ seniority
at this firm, prior to the lay-off. The court stated: “The
argument that an employee who has acquired nearly 4
years’ seniority must abandon her seniority rights and
accept full-time employment elsewhere overlooks the
modern concept of the value of seniority. Such rights
have come to be recognized by the courts as valuable
property rights . . . which a court will protect in a
proper case. . .
Furthermore, it made no difference,
the court said, whether the statement to the prospective
employer was volunteered by claimant or made in answer
to a direct question.
B e n e f its E r r o n e o u s ly P a i d .
An Ohio court of common
pleas held 24 that a claimant who was erroneously paid
benefits did not have to make restitution as he had made
a complete statement of facts to the agency. The Ohio
provision on restitution at the time of the claim read:
“Notwithstanding any other provisions of the unemploy
ment compensation act, if the administrator finds that an
applicant for benefits has been credited with a waiting
period or paid benefits to which he was not entitled for
reasons other than fraudulent misrepresentation, the
administrator may within 3 years by order cancel such
waiting period and require that such benefits be repaid in
cash to the bureau or be withheld from any benefits to
which applicant is otherwise entitled, except that resti
tution shall not be required where the applicant is not at
fault in the matter of overpayment.” The Ohio agency
was fully informed of claimant’s farming activities almost
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
24Finkbine v. Oxford Laundry (Ct. Com. Pleas, Butler Co., Ohio, Sept. 15,
1952).
25Campbell v. Globe-Wernicke Co. (Ct. Com. Pleas, Hamilton Co., Ohio,
Mar. 10, 1952).
*
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
under the LMRA because of failure to establish existence
of certain contractual relations between the employer and
subsidiary. (Source: Labor Relations Reporter, vol. 30,
No. 49, Oct. 20, 1952, LRR, p. 388.)
(6)
A m a lg a m a te d A s s o c i a t i o n o f S tr e e t, E le c tr ic R a i l w a y
a n d M o to r C o a c h E m p lo y e e s o f A m e r ic a , D i v i s i o n 2 6 ( A F L )
v. C i t y o f D e tr o it: The court affirmed the constitutionality
of the Michigan Hutcheson Act which forbids strikes by
employees of public utilities under penalty of dismissal.
(Source: U. S. Law Week, vol. 21, No. 14, Oct. 14, 1952,
p. 3091; and Labor Relations Reporter, vol. 30, No. 49,
Oct. 20, 1952, LRR, p. 388.)
October 14
T he
October 13, 1952
T h e Supreme Court of the United States denied review of
the six following cases, thereby in effect upholding the
decisions of the lower court.
(1) I n t e r n a t i o n a l T y p o g r a p h i c a l U n io n (A F L ) v. N L R B
(see Chron. item for Oct. 29, 1949, MLR, Dec. 1949):
The court held that the union had violated the LMRA by
insisting, on threat of strikes, that employers maintain
closed-shop conditions; demanding that employers hire
only union foremen; and engaging in unlawful refusal to
bargain by pursuing a policy of “no contract” with respect
to certain employers. (Source: Labor Relations Reporter,
vol. 30, No. 49, Oct. 20, 1952, LRR, p. 388; and Labor
Relations Reference Manual, vol. 29, p. 2230.)
(2) A m e r i c a n N e w s p a p e r P u b lis h e r s A s s o c i a t i o n v.
N L R B : The court ruled that the threat of a union to expel
employees from membership in order to carry out its
bargaining policies did not constitute restraint or coercion,
under LMRA. (Source: Labor Relations Reporter, vol.
30, No. 49, Oct. 20, 1952, LRR, p. 394; and Labor Relations
Reference Manual, vol. 29, p. 2230.)
(3) N L R B v. A r t h u r W in e r , I n c . : The court held that
the employer’s request for and acceptance of information
from an employee as to names of persons attending a union
meeting and the nature of this meeting did not constitute
interference with union activities, under the LMRA, in
the absence of proof that such action was part of a pattern
of antiunion conduct. (Source: U. S. Law Week, vol. 21,
No. 14, Oct. 14, 1952, p. 3091.)
(4) E le c tr ic A u t o - L i t e C o . and th e I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n io n ,
U n ite d
A u to m o b ile ,
NLRB, in the case of
G r e a t A t l a n t i c & P a c if ic T e a
C o ., N a t i o n a l B a k e r y D i v i s io n e t a l,
A ir c r a ft
&
A g r ic u ltu r a l
I m p le m e n t
W o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a , L o c a l 1 2 ( C I O ) v. N L R B : The court
held that an employee may not be discharged under a
union-security clause for failure to pay an increase in dues
which constituted a fine rather than periodic dues.
(Source: Labor Relations Reporter, vol. 30, No. 49, Oct.
20, 1952, LRR, p. 388.)
(5) D e e n a P r o d u c ts C o . v. U n ite d B r i c k a n d C la y
W o r k e r s o f A m e r i c a ( A F L ) : The court ruled that the
employer, who claimed damages resulting from the union’s
unlawful boycott against a subsidiary, cannot recover
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
and
B a k e ry a n d C on
f e c t i o n e r y W o r k e r s I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n io n o f A m e r i c a , L o c a l
4 8 4 ( A F L ) , ruled that a current union contract is not a
bar to a union-shop de-authorization election, under the
amended LMRA, and that the union-shop clause in the
agreement becomes ineffective immediately (rather than
at the end of the contract) if the union loses the election.
(Source: Labor Relations Reporter, vol. 30, No. 51, Oct.
27, 1952, LRRM, p. 1472, and NLRB release R-410,
Oct. 19, 1952.)
Office of Defense Mobilization established Defense
Manpower Policy 9, designed to promote the rehabili
tation, employment, and utilization of the handicapped.
(Source: Federal Register, vol. 17, No. 201, Oct. 14, 1952,
p. 9095.)
T he
October 15
T h e Economic Stabilization Adirinistrator, on recommen
dation of the Wage Stabilization Board, promulgated
General Wage Regulation 22 permitting employees with
average straight-time hourly earnings of less than $1 to
receive wage adjustments up to that amount, without
prior Board approval. It also applies to employees paid
on other than an hourly basis. (Source: .Federal Register,
vol. 17, No. 205, Oct. 18, 1952, p. 9242.)
October 16
T h e r e m o v a l of David L. Behncke as president of the
International Air Line Pilots Association (AFL) by the
board of directors (see Chron. item for June 26, 1952,
MLR, Aug. 1952) was upheld by the U. S. Court of Appeals
in Chicago. (Source: Labor Law Reporter, vol. 30, No.
49, Oct. 27, 1952, p. 6, and LRRM, p. 2746.)
October 17
S e t t l e m e n t of the wage dispute between the International
Association of Machinists (AFL) and the Douglas Air
craft Co.’s plant at El Segundo, Calif, (see Chron. item
653
654
CHRONOLOGY OF LAB O R E V E N TS
M ONTHLY LABOR
for Sept. 28, 1952, MLR, Nov. 1952), was announced by
the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. Under
the terms, union members received an average hourly wage
increase of 5 cents, integration of the cost-of-living bonus
into the basic pay rate, and various “fringe” benefits.
(Source: New York Times, Oct. 18, 1952.)
vit required of union officers under the LMRA. On
November 7, Valenti was sentenced to 5 years in prison.
(Source: New York Times, Oct. 25, 1952; Labor Relations
Reporter, vol. 39, No. 40, Oct. 20, 1952, LRRM, p. 2709,
and vol. 40, No. 1, Nov. 3, 1952, LLR, p. 14; Washington
Post, Nov. 8, 1952.)
T h e president of the International Brotherhood of Team
sters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen, & Helpers of America
(AFL), Daniel J. Tobin, declined to run for another term
at the union’s 16th national convention after serving 45
years. He was succeeded for a 5-year term by Dave Beck,
executive vice president. Mr. Tobin was appointed presi
dent-emeritus at an annual salary of $50,000. (Source:
New York Times, Oct. 18, 1952; and AFL News Reporter,
Oct. 24, 1952.)
October 27
October 18
T h e WSB (labor members dissenting) approved $1.50 of
the $1.90 daily wage increase provided in the new bitumi
nous wage agreement between the United Mine Workers
of America (Ind.) and the Bituminous Coal Operators
Association (see Chron. item for Sept. 17, 1952, MLR,
Nov. 1952). Bituminous miners, in protest against the
operators’ refusal to pay the increase without WSB
approval, began sporadic walk-outs on October 10.
(Source: WSB release 281, Oct. 18, 1952, and New York
Times, Oct. 11, 1952.)
An appeal by UMWA president John L. Lewis on
October 26, following a meeting with the President and
interested parties, and the filing of a joint petition by the
operators and the union with the Economic Stabilization
Administrator for WSB reconsideration of the case,
resulted in a return-to-work movement by the miners the
next day. (Source: United Mine Workers Journal,
Nov. 1, 1952.)
On November 1, the UMWA and anthracite operators
signed an agreement providing for a daily wage increase
equivalent to the $1.90 contained in the soft-coal agreement.
(Source: New York Times, Nov. 2, 1952.)
October|21
T h e WSB unanimously adopted Resolution 108 authorizing
time off for voting in the 1952 national election, without
loss of pay and without prior Board approval. (Source:
WSB release 284, Oct. 21, 1952.)
F o l l o w in g sporadic strikes and prolonged negotiation,
the United Packinghouse Workers of America (CIO) won
a new agreement from Armour & Co.—the first from the
“Big Four” packers. The 2-year contract affects 30,000
workers in 28 plants and provides for a general hourly
wage increase of 4 cents; a company-financed pension plan
(the first negotiated pension plan in the industry); provi
sion for a joint study of the guaranteed annual wage; and
other benefits. On November 3, the UPWA reached
almost a similar agreement as to wage increases and other
benefits with the Cudahy Packing Co., affecting 10,000
workers in 9 plants, and also providing for a modified
union shop. (Source: New York Times, Oct. 28, Nov. 11,
1952; Packinghouse Worker, Oct. 1952; and CIO News,
Nov. 10, 1952.)
October 28
T h e International Union of Electrical, Radio and Machine
Workers (CIO) voted, through its conference board, to
accept substantially the same terms offered by the General
Electric Co. on August 13. The 1-year contract, retro
active to October 13, affects 70,000 employees in 60 plants
and provides for a wage adjustment equivalent to the per
centage rise in the cost of living between September 15,
1951, and November 15, 1952, together with an additional
2.5-percent wage increase and other benefits. (Source:
CIO News, Nov. 3, 1952; and New York Times, Oct.
29, 1952.)
T h e Economic Stabilization Administrator approved an
amendment to GWR 14 (see Chron. item for Nov. 15, 1951,
MLR, Jan. 1952) permitting employers to give a Christmas
or year-end bonus in 1952 up to $40 in value without prior
Board approval. On November 1, the Administrator
announced that, in accordance with WSB Resolution 110,
employers are authorized to grant days off with pay on the
3 Fridays following Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New
Year’s Day, 1953. (Source: Federal Register, vol. 17,
No. 216, Nov. 4, 1952, p. 9938; and WSB release 288,
Nov. 1, 1952.)
October 25
T h e business agent of Local No. 80, United Packinghouse
Workers of America (CIO), Anthony Valenti, was con
victed by a U. S. District Court of falsely swearing he was
not a member of or affiliated with the Communist Party, in
an affidavit filed with the NLRB in October 1949. This is
the first conviction for making false statements to a
Government agency involving the non-Communist affida
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
November 4
M e m b e r s of the Sailors’ Union of the Pacific (AFL) began
a gradual walk-out in protest against WSB delay in approv
ing a wage increase negotiated with the Pacific Maritime
Association (see Chron. item for July 28, 1952, MLR,
Sept. 1952). The parties had jointly petitioned for ap
proval on August 13. The walk-out, which affected ship-
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
CHRONOLOGY OF LABO R EVE N TS
655
ping on the West and East Coasts, followed a strike vote
taken October 31. On November 10, the union, in an
informal agreement with the ship owners, agreed to end
the strike. (Source: New York Times, Nov. 1, 7, and 11,
1952.)
off-shore bases, and militarily occupied areas from wage
stabilization control. (Source: Federal Register, vol. 17,
No. 216, Nov. 4, 1952, p. 9938.)
T h e Economic Stabilization Administrator issued a re
vision of GWR 16 (see Chron. item for Aug. 23, 1951, MLR,
Oct. 1951) exempting employees in the U. S. Territories
(except Alaska and Hawaii), possessions, trust territories,
u r r a y , president of the Congress of Industrial
Organizations since 1940 and head of the United Steel
workers of America (CIO) since 1942, died in San Francisco,
Calif. (Source: CIO News, Nov. 17, 1952.)
Federal Legislation in 1952
The Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act
was amended by Public Law 343, approved May
15, 1952. It increased minimum daily unemploy
ment benefits from $1.75 to $3.00 and the maxi
mum daily benefits from $5.00 to $7.50. A new
schedule of benefits was set up, with 10 benefit
classes instead of 9. Another important change
made was to increase from $150 to $300 a year
the minimum “base year” earnings which an
employee is required to make in railroad employ
ment in order to qualify for benefits. The “base
year” is the calendar year preceding the beginning
of the benefit year.
Provisions of the Defense Production Act
Amendments of 1952 were summarized in the
August 1952 issue of the Monthly Labor Review
(p. 191).
Benefits under the Old-Age and Survivors In
surance program were increased by 12% percent
or $5 a month, whichever is the greater, under
Public Law 590, approved July 18, 1952. The
law also increased from $50 to $75 a month the
amount of income which may be earned in covered
employment by a retired person drawing benefits
under the program. Furthermore, wage credits
under the program are authorized for military
service during the present emergency period. In
addition, the States are permitted to disregard
the earned income of a recipient of aid to the
blind in determining the need of any other indi
vidual, such as a family member, for other State
public assistance.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
November 9
P h il ip M
Developm ents in
In d u s tria l Relations
agreements were reached in the electrical
products, meatpacking, and aircraft industries in
October 1952. An 8-day Nation-wide soft-coal
strike, protesting Wage Stabilization Board dis
approval of part of a wage increase agreed to
earlier by the union and the operators, ended late
in the month.
M ajor
Coal Miners
Approximately 300,000 soft-coal miners were on
strike by October 20—2 days after the WSB
(labor members dissenting) disallowed 40 cents of
the $1.90 basic daily wage increase provided in
contracts recently reached between the United
Mine Workers (Ind.) and bituminous-coal oper
ators.2 Soft-coal miners in scattered areas started
a walk-out on October 10 in accordance with their
traditional “no-contract, no-work” policy and in
protest against the operators’ refusal to pay the
$1.90 increase without WSB approval. The
miners began returning to work October 27 after
UMW president John L. Lewis, complying with
a Presidential request, urged an “immediate
resumption of operations.” Of the total $1.50 a
day increase approved by the Board, $1.05 a
day—approximately 13 cents an hour—was held
to be permissible under General Wage Regulation
8 to offset the 5.9-percent rise in the BLS Con
sumers’ Price Index (old series) since January 15,
1951. An additional increase of 45 cents a day—
about 5 cents an hour—was approved “under the
Board’s responsibility to maintain proper wage
relationships and prevent hardships and inequi
ties.” The Board further ruled that approval was
not required for the 10-cent-a-ton increase in the
operators’ contributions to the union’s welfare and
retirement fund.
Reconsideration of the Board’s ruling was
requested by the union and northern soft-coal
656
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
operators in a joint petition submitted to the
Economic Stabilization Administrator on October
24. Several alternative courses of action for
handling the petition were reportedly being con
sidered by the Administrator at the end of the
month, including a request to the Board to
reconsider its decision, referral of the appeal to
the President or to the Office of Defense Mobiliza
tion, or a ruling on the petition by the Adminis
trator.
A strike by approximately 65,000 hard-coal
miners was averted when anthracite operators and
the UMW, on October 31, agreed upon increases
in miners’ hourly and tonnage rates equivalent to
the $1.90 basic daily wage adjustment provided
in the bituminous-coal settlement. A 20-cent-aton increase in the operators’ contributions to the
union’s welfare and retirement fund had been
agreed upon previously.2 The WSB was expected
to delay action on the wage settlement pending
a final ruling on its decision modifying the softcoal wage agreement. The anthracite contract
(signed November 1) is effective November 16
and may be terminated September 30, 1953, on
60 days’ prior notice by either party. An im
portant provision of the anthracite agreement
permits the miners to work only when “able and
willing.” This clause had been deleted from the
1950 anthracite and bituminous-coal contracts.
The 1950 bituminous-coal agreement, however,
permitted the union to “designate memorial
periods not exceeding a total of 5 days in the
period ending April 1, 1951, and not to exceed a
total of 5 days in the period from April 1, 1951, to
June 30, 1952.”
Significant Negotiations and Strikes
Prolonged contract negotia
tions affecting about 70,000 General Electric Co.
employees ended on October 28 when the confer
ence board of the International Union of Electri
cal, Radio and Machine Workers (CIO) accepted
the company’s offer32 of a general hourly wage
increase of 2.5 percent and an additional increase
to compensate for advances in living costs since
September 15, 1951, date of the previous wage
1Prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations.
2See November 1952 issue of Monthly Labor Review (p. 550).
2 See October 1952 issue of Monthly Labor Review (p. 433).
Electrical Products.
IN D U S T R IA L R E L A T IO N S
adjustment. The exact amount of the wage
increase was not available as the union chose to
tie the cost-of-living portion of the adjustment to
the November 15 BLS Consumers’ Price Index,
scheduled for release late in December. The new
contract extends to September 15, 1953, with a
wage reopening permitted in March.
Meatpacking. A 4-cent hourly wage increase af
fecting about 30,000 Armour and Co. employees
was provided in a 2-year contract reached with
the United Packinghouse Workers (CIO) on Oc
tober 27. Other provisions of the agreement in
cluded an additional wage increase of 4 cents an
hour for women workers (estimated to be about
20 percent of the total number of Armour em
ployees) ; a company-financed pension plan which
permits employees to retire at age 65 with a $105
monthly income, including Social Security benefits;
and wage reopenings at 6-month intervals. The
settlement was expected to serve as the basis for
contracts with other leading meatpackers.3
A tentative settlement of the protracted
dispute involving the International Association of
Machinists (AFL) and the El Segundo, Calif.,
plant of the Douglas Aircraft Co.,2was announced
by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
on October 17. It provided for an average hourly
wage increase of 5 cents retroactive to August 25;
inclusion in the basic wage rate of 2 cents an hour
previously paid as part of a cost-of-living bonus;
reclassification of some jobs; a guarantee of 6
paid holidays annually; and other benefits. The
agreement was subject to ratification by the
union’s local membership.
Negotiations continued in the dispute between
the Lockheed Aircraft Co. and the IAM.2
Aircraft.
Contract discussions between the United
Rubber Workers (CIO) and the Firestone Rubber
Co. reopened in mid-October. Resumption of
the negotiations, which involve 8 union locals rep
resenting about 24,000 Firestone employees, was
made necessary when two locals representing a
majority of the employees rejected a 10-cent
hourly wage increase negotiated by the union’s
policy committee and the company on August 24.3
URW president L. S. Buckmaster stated that the
Rubber.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
657
union’s constitution provides that each multipleplant agreement must be accepted by a majority
of the local unions representing a majority of the
members involved. Late in the month, members
of the Akron, Ohio, local—one of the two local
unions which had rejected the August settlement—
ratified a new master agreement. It provided for
a 10-cent hourly wage increase; the union shop;
and seniority, vacation, and pension benefits.
Meanwhile, approval was granted by the WSB
on October 9 and 10 for a general hourly wage
increase of 10 cents, effective on various dates in
August 1952, as provided in contracts involving
the U. S. Rubber Co., B. F. Goodrich, and the
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., and the URW
(CIO).3 The increase covered * approximately
75,000 employees of the 3 companies. A resolu
tion adopted by the Board on October 22 au
thorized employers in the rubber and related
products industry, who have a demonstrated
tandem relationship to the major rubber com
panies, to place the same increase into effect
without prior approval of the Board.
Union-security negotiations between
the Association of Western Railways and 17 non
operating railroad unions collapsed as a result of
the unions’ insistence on a full union shop, ac
cording to an announcement by the association
on October 3. The carriers reportedly offered the
unions a modified union-shop provision which was
rejected. The unions’ demand for a full union
shop on the Nation’s railroads was supported in a
recommendation made by a Presidential emer
gency board in February.4 Eastern carriers
agreed to such a provision in August.3
Railroads.
An unauthorized 4-day strike that idled
about 16,000 employees at the Bethlehem Steel
Co., Lackawanna, N. Y., plant ended October 20
when some 1,200 rolling-mill workers—members
of the United Steelworkers (CIO)—voted to return
to work pending dispute resolution under the con
tractual grievance procedure. The workers struck
October 17 in protest against an alleged speed-up
and the company’s announced intention to reduce
tonnage pay rates in one mill.
Steel.
4
See April 1952 issue of Monthly Labor Review (p. 435).
658
IN D U S T R IA L R E L A T IO N S
Construction. Approximately 28,000 Ohio con
struction workers were idled October 6-11 as a
result of a jurisdictional dispute between the
Glaziers’ and Laborers’ Unions and the Carpen
ters’ Union—all members of the Cleveland Build
ing Trades Council (AFL). The Council ordered
the “work holiday” when the Carpenters allegedly
refused to abide by existing procedures for the
settlement of jurisdictional disputes in the building
and construction industry.
Farm Equipment. The prolonged strike involving
about 25,000 employees of the International
Harvester Co. remained in effect at the end of the
month.2 Negotiations with the Farm Equipment
Workers (Ind.) continued.
Workers at the company’s Melrose Park, 111.,
plant on October 12 ratified an agreement reached
with the United Automobile Workers (CIO) end
ing a strike over piece-rate standards that had
idled an additional 5,000 employees.2 Major
terms of the settlement5 were reported to include
an average increase of 10 cents an hour on new or
changed piecework jobs; 30-day disciplinary lay
offs for 2 employees who were discharged for
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
alleged participation in a slow-down that occurred
prior to the strike; and an increase in the job
classifications of a few groups of employees on day
work. In addition, the agreement provided for
company retention of its right to refuse to bargain
over piecework rates.
WSB Action
The Economic Stabilization Administrator on
October 15,1952, issued General Wage Regulation 22
to effectuate the purposes of the 1952 amendment
to the Defense Production A ct6 exempting hourly
wages of $1 or less from wage controls. Although
the language of the amendment refers only to
“hourly wages at a rate of $1 per hour or less,”
Regulation 22 states that “fairness and equity”
entitle employees paid on other than an hourly
basis “to the benefits of the new statutory pro
vision.” The regulation therefore provides that
salaried workers or those paid on a piece, per unit,
incentive, mileage, or commission rate are entitled
to the benefits of the amendment.
4Subject to WSB approval.
8See August 1952 issue of Monthly Labor Review (p. 191).
Publications
of Labor Interest
E ditor’s N ote.—Correspondence regarding publications to which ref
erence is made in this list should be addressed to the respective publishing
agencies mentioned. Data on prices, if readily available, are shown with
the title entries.
Listing of a publication in this section is for record and reference only and
does not constitute an endorsement of point of view or advocacy of use.
Special Reviews
Unions and Telephones: The Story of the Communications
Workers of America. By Jack Barbash. New York,
Harper & Brothers, 1952. 246 pp, $2.50.
This account of the organization of the telephone in
dustry by the Communications Workers of America (CIO)
combines factual material with interpretation in such a
way as to lend real significance to the study. At a time
when the labor movement has become increasingly aware
of its shortcomings in the field of “white collar” organiza
tion, Mr. Barbash suggests that the growth of CWA (com
posed of workers who have thought of themselves as whitecollar workers and as part of the middle class) weakens
“dogmas” about who is and who is not organizable, given
the existence of deeply felt grievances. Mr. Barbash could
also have referred more pointedly to CWA’s success in or
ganizing women, who constitute a large pioportion of CWA
membership.
The author throws light on how CWA and its predeces
sor, the National Federation of Telephone Woikers, over
came barriers to collective bargaining and recruitment of
members. In the Bell system, the union was confronted
with a strong public utility which resisted unionization.
Among other major hurdles were the company unions
formed before enactment of the National Labor Relations
[Wagner] Act. The separateness of these old employees’
associations fostered demands for autonomy in NFTW
and CWA which diluted attempts at concerted action.
In at least one respect the author believes that the com
pany union experiences aided independent union organiza
tion in that they provided NFTW leaders with vitally
needed administrative skills. With the aid of able leaders
and the support of responsive rank-and-file membership,
CWA persevered despite the obstacles mentioned.
The author describes in detail CWA’s merger with the
CIO Telephone Workers Organizing Committee in 1949;
its structural changes leading to more effective functioning;
and its attempts to engage in system-wide bargaining.
CWA spokesmen have pressed for top level bargaining
because they feel that the local managements of the Bell
system’s associated companies are virtually powerless to
make final agreements unless they receive the “green
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
light” from the American Telephone and Telegraph Com
pany. The latter’s position is that the operating com
panies are autonomous.
Two widely debated issues arising from telephone bar
gaining, but having broader implications, are also ex
plored. First, concerning the merits of bargaining on a
national basis, Mr. Barbash believes that extreme positions
on this matter are “erroneous.” The parties should confer
to define the scope of joint dealing which can be handled
best on the national level, and provide for other aspects
of bargaining at lower levels. Nation-wide strikes, the
author observes, are not an inevitable outcome of top level
negotiations, since local plant bargaining situations some
times have erupted into national strikes. He believes that
the experience of other industries suggests that the inci
dence of national strikes stems from the nature of the re
lationship between the parties.
Secondly, from the viewpoint of the telephone industry
as a critical national enterprise, the author rejects the
approach of banning strikes by legislation, “if only be
cause telephone employees are deprived of the rights ac
corded to other employees without compensatory methods
for settlement of just grievances.” He believes that
strikes may be minimized through labor and management
meetings held at other times than tense negotiation periods.
Such meetings could “provide a medium to correct bad
situations before these bad situations piled one on the
other to the point of eruption.”
While many writers have devoted considerable effort to
presenting the background of the early labor movement,
surveys of its more recent developments are relatively
scarce. This work, which tells “something about a union
which reflects most of the main currents of union develop
ment in this generation,” is a noteworthy addition to
accounts of contemporary labor activity.
— W il l ia m P a s c h e l l .
By E. S. Sachs. New
York, Philosophical Library, 1952. 220 pp. $5.75.
In this review of the current situation and problems of
the South African labor movement, “ Solly” Sachs, general
secretary of the Garment Workers’ Union of South Africa
and an outstanding labor movement personality, in essence
calls for “a strong labor party, a strong trade-union move
ment, and the adoption of a ‘New Deal’ program for the
workers by all democratic parties and organizations.”
The book is divided into three sections. The first,
dealing with politics, discusses the background and char
acter of the Nationalist, United, and Labor Parties, as
well as the role of Liberals and the churches. It concludes
with a short discussion of labor law. In this section, Mr.
Sachs reveals his bitter opposition to the racial and “dic
tatorial” policies of the Nationalist Party (“the Nationalist
Government has destroyed all safety valves— an explosion
is inevitable”), and his feeling that the United Party has
little better to offer for South Africa’s future. He largely
discounts the political effectiveness of the Liberals, except
in conjunction with labor, and inveighs against what he
feels to be reactionary political intervention by the Dutch
Reformed Church on behalf of Nationalist Party policies.
659
The Choice Before South A frica.
660
PUBLICATIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
Finally, he sees little hope of “progressive” support from
the courts. The main hope for the future, rather, is seen
in the Labor Party.
Section two of the book is devoted to an analysis of the
economic life of the country. Strong criticism is levied
against the mining industry, and in particular its labor
policies. The importance of agriculture is largely dis
counted, although modernization is advocated. On the
contrary, it is in manufacturing that Mr. Sachs sees the
main economic hope for his country. “There can be no
doubt that the future of South Africa’s national economy
depends on intensive industrial development.” To this
end, he advocates tariff protection for infant industries
and pressure by trade-unions to increase labor’s social
welfare and “share of the pie.” “Higher wages, facilities
for social advancement, education, and training will
inevitably lead to greater efficiency, productivity, and
wealth, to a higher standard of civilization, and to an
increased demand for local products.”
The final section of the book deals w ith the trade-union
movement. A concise and highly critical history of the
movement is followed by a caustic dissertation on what
the author feels to be the Nationalist Party’s subversion
of trade-unions. Considerable space is devoted in this
connection to the mine workers’ and garment workers’
unions, with stress upon libel actions instituted successfully
by the author against the press. Past and present tradeunion leaders are discussed in some detail.
Generally, Mr. Sachs deplores racialism and certain
other policies of the Nationalist Party. He advocates
instead a positive program for the training and develop
ment of the natives in their territories, combined with
intensified advancement of urban natives in both social and
economic status. “The way to remove the fear of the
‘black menace’ is to stop oppressing and humiliating the
non-European people.” He believes that a strong, demo
cratic trade-union movement allied with a rejuvenated
Labor Party can take the lead in this direction, and issues
a call to action.
Quite aside from its merits or demerits, this book will
doubtless warrant the attention of students of South Afri
can problems because of the timeliness and controversiality
of its thesis.
— J ohn C. F u e s s .
Education and Training
Case Studies in
Union Leadership
Monroe. Washington, U. S. Department of the
Army, Personnel Research Section, 1952. 152 pp.,
bibliography, charts, forms; processed. (PRS Report
929.)
Proceedings of 5th Annual Conference of the Training
W ithin Industry Foundation, September 19-21, 1951,
New York. Summit, N. J., Training Within Industry
Foundation, 1951.
postage.
$9.75 plus
{In International Labor
Review, Geneva, August 1952, pp. 142-153. 60
cents. Distributed in United States by Washington
Branch of ILO.)
Gives a “general description of the practice of trainee
exchanges, as first developed in the advanced countries,”
to enable the trainees to complete their vocational education
by work and study abroad. Points out that a world
wide trainee program must be aimed also at “raising the
level of ability in certain key groups” in underdeveloped
countries, and that this broadened objective will require
modification of existing agreements.
Vocational Guidance Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, Autum n 1952.
Washington, American Personnel and Guidance Asso
ciation, National Vocational Guidance Association,
Inc. 32 pp. $2 per year; single copies, 50 cents.
This new official organ of the NVGA will deal exclusively,
the president of the Association states, with vocational
guidance and occupational adjustment. Articles on these
subjects will also be carried in the Personnel and Guidance
Journal (formerly Occupations), but the latter will “reflect
the broader purpose and activities of the APGA.”
Choosing Better Foremen.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
138 pp.; processed.
Student Employment Abroad.
Controls for Absenteeism. New York, National Industrial
cine and Surgery, Chicago, August 1952, pp. 363-375,
bibliography, charts. 75 cents.)
Study of absenteeism and illness, underlying attitudes,
and work ratings, among women telephone operators of
a large company.
1951-52.
How Industry Determines the Need for and Effectiveness
of Training. By Walter R. Mahler and Willys H.
Foremanship
Life Stress and Industrial Absenteeism: The Concentration
of Illness and Absenteeism in One Segment of a Working
Population. By Lawrence E. Hinkle, Jr., M.D.,
and Norman Plummer, M.D. {In Industrial Medi
Training,
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1952. 23 pp. (Bull. 1114.) 20
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Reprinted from issues of the Monthly Labor Review,
November 1951 to June 1952.
Absenteeism
Conference Board, Inc., 1952. 56 pp., charts, forms.
(Studies in Personnel Policy, 126.)
MONTHLY LABOR
Washington, Bureau of National
Affairs, Inc., 1952. 16 pp. (Personnel Policies
Forum Survey 13.) $1.
By James J. Bambrick,
Jr., and Wade Shurtleff. New London, Conn.,
National Foremen’s Institute, Inc., 1952. 155 pp.,
chart, forms. (Standard Management Practice Se
ries.) $3.
Foremanship Under Unionism.
Management Techniques for Foremen— Questions and
Answers for A ll Supervisors. By Richard W. Wetherill.
New London, Conn., National Foremen’s Institute,
Inc., 1951. 177 pp. $7.50.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
PUBLICATIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
Handicapped
Employment of the Physically H andicapped in the Industries
Under D T A Jurisdiction. Washington, U. S. Defense
Transport Administration, Manpower Division,
1952. 12 pp.; processed. (DTA Manpower Report
6.) Free.
Jobs for the H andicapped— The Community Approach.
CIn Employment Security Review, U. S. Department
of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, U. S. Em
ployment Service, Washington, September 1952, pp.
3-20. 20 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.)
How Im portant A re Conversions in
Scene: A Preview of a Study
Norfolk-Portsmouth Area. By
(In Housing Research, U. S.
Proceedings of the First National Conference on Placement
of Severely Handicapped Sponsored by the American
Federation of the Physically Handicapped, [March 2 5 27, 1952]. Washington, American Federation of the
Physically Handicapped, 1952.
74 pp.
$1.50.
Summ ary
Die Beschäftigung von Schwerbeschädigten in der Eisen- und
M etallindustrie. Edited by Emil Kleditz under
auspices of Verband der Eisen- und Metall-Berufs
genossenschaften. Berlin, Erich Schmidt, 1951. 394
pp., illus. Rev. ed.
Describes work performed by the physically handicapped
in the "iron and metal” industry in western Germany.
The major part of the volume consists of case histories,
with pictures of the men at work.
Housing
Fifth Annual Report, [U. $ .] Housing and Home Finance
Agency, Calendar Year 1951. Washington, 1952.
482 pp., charts, maps. $1, Superintendent of Docu
ments, Washington.
Includes the reports of the Federal Housing Administra
tion, Public Housing Administration, and Home Loan
Bank Board. Separate reprints of the FHA and PHA
reports are available, as well as a summary of the HLBB
report.
Wash
ington, U. S. Housing and Home Finance Agency,
Division of Housing Research, 1952. 42 pp., charts.
25 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Based on data from the 1940 and 1950 censuses of
population and housing.
Housing of the Nonwhite Population, 19 jO to 1950.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
of the
1951
Housing— Redevelopment
Year.
Chicago, National Association of Housing Officials,
1952. 32 pp., bibliography, chart. (Reprinted from
Municipal Year Book, 1952.) $1.
Your Congress and American Housing: The Actions of
Congress on Housing from 1892 to 1951. By Jack
Levin. Washington, 1952.
532, 82d Cong., 2d sess.)
37 pp.
(House Doc.
Industrial Accidents and Accident Prevention
Washing
ton, U, S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1952. 33 pp., charts. (Bull. 1098.) 25
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Work Injuries in the United States During 1950.
Injuries and Accident Causes in Plum bing Operations.
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, 1952. 34 pp., charts. (Bull. 1079.)
25 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Annual Report, 1951 National Em ploy the Physically
Handicapped Campaign in New Jersey. Trenton,
Department of Labor and Industry, Division of
Employment Security, [1952?]. 43 pp., illus.;
processed.
the Current Housing
of the Baltimore and
Benjamin Lipstein.
Housing and Home
Finance Agency, Washington, Spring 1952, pp. 1-14,
charts. 30 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.)
Highlights some of the findings of a study by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, in regard to
conversion of existing structures for residential use.
Objectives of Counseling the Disabled for Job Readiness.
By Frederick W. Novis. Washington, Federal
Security Agency, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation,
1952. 59 pp., bibliography; processed. (Rehabili
tation Service Series, 161— Supplement 3.)
Supplement to Proceedings of 4th Annual Workshop of
Guidance, Training, and Placement Supervisors, Wash
ington, April 23-27, 1951.
661
Review of Fatal Injuries in the Petroleum Industry for 1951.
New York, American Petroleum Institute,
15 pp.
1952.
Wisconsin Industry. By Carman Fish. (In
National Safety News, Chicago, October 1952, pp.
108-110, 201, et seq., chart, illus.)
Deals with the State Industrial Commission’s pioneering
programs in safety since 1911.
Serving
Fire
and Explosion H azards of Thermal Insecticidal
Fogging. New York, etc., National Board of Fire
Underwriters, 1952. 45 pp., bibliography, diagrams,
illus. (Research Report 9.)
Ventilating Practices That M in im ize Explosion H azards in
Bituminous-Coal M ines. By M. J. Ankeny, James
Westfield, D. S. Kingery. Washington, U. S. Depart
ment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1952. 14 pp.,
plans; processed. (Information Circular 7648.) Lim
ited free distribution.
Industrial Relations
The Administrator: Cases on Human Relations in Business.
Edited by John Desmond Glover and Ralph M.
Hower. Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin, Inc.,
1952. 723 pp., charts. Rev. ed. $8.
Over 140 excerpts or “cases” from either literary or
real-life situations involving personal relationships in
business and industry are presented for purposes of suggest
ing attitudes, points of view, and outlooks leading to
662
PUBLICATIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
greater understanding and responsibility in getting things
done through group effort in organizations.
Collective Bargaining Patterns in Spokane County, Washing
ton, as Shown in 100 Contracts. By Ralph I. and
Elizabeth F. Thayer. Pullman, State College of
Washington, School of Economics and Business,
Bureau of Economic and Business Research, 1952.
256 pp., bibliography. (Bull. 21.) $3.50, cloth; $2.50,
paper.
New
York, Association Press, 1952. 109 pp., illus. $1.75.
Proceedings of 34th Silver Bay Conference on Human
Relations in Industry, Silver Bay on Lake George, N. Y.,
July 16-19, 1952, conducted by a committee of representa
tive industrialists under auspices of National Council of
Young Men’s Christian Associations and its Committee
on Industrial Service.
Current Progress in Human Relations in Industry.
Some Human Problems of Industrial Development. By
R. W. Cox. (In International Labor Review,
Geneva, September 1952, pp. 246-267. 60 cents.
Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.)
Edited by George
Mihaly. New York, Film Research Associates, 1952.
72 pp.; processed. (Staff Service Bull. 17.) $3.
Film Guide on Industrial Relations.
Washington, Bureau of
National Affairs, Inc., 1951 and 1952. 12 pp. each.
(HH 1-12.) Minimum order, 10 copies, 25 cents
each; prices graduated by quantity.
Titles issued to end of October include: How to Listen
and Why; How to Handle Grievances; How to Be a Leader;
How to Sell Safety; How to Induct New Employees; How
to Maintain Good Discipline; How to Cut Absenteeism;
How to Train New Employees; How to Cut Labor Turn
over; How to Supervise Women Employees; How to Give
Instructions; How to Boost Productivity.
B N A ’s “Here’s How” Series.
Industry Reports (General)
Iron and Steel: Report of a Productivity Team Representing
the British Iron and Steel Industry Which V isited the
United States of America in 1951. London, Anglo-
American Council on Productivity, 1952. 147 pp.,
charts, maps, illus. 5s.
Similar reports for United States industries visited by
British productivity teams in 1951 have been published for
steel construction, cakes and biscuits, food canning, fruit
and vegetable utilization, and furniture. Industrial condi
tions and practices in the United States and Great Britain
are compared; each report has a section on labor.
Copies of the productivity team reports may be obtained
(prices on application) from Office of Technical Services,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington.
By E. C. Bancroft, W. H.
Crook, W. C. Kessler. Hamilton, N. Y., Colgate
University, 1951. 304 pp.; processed. $5.
A series of studies, based in part on field investigations,
of selected problems in the textile industry. Among the
Textiles: A D ynam ic Industry.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
topics considered are work-load changes, the southern
textile-mill village, patterns of labor-management relation
ships, unionism, and status of the industry in New England.
Case studies of a number of textile companies are included.
Wash
ington, U. S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour
and Public Contracts Divisions, 1952. 32 pp., map;
processed. Free.
One of a series of reports on economic and competitive
conditions in Puerto Rican industries, giving data obtained
as a basis for the fixing of minimum-wage rates under the
Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. Information on em
ployment, wages, and other labor matters is included.
The Sugar Manufacturing Industry in Puerto Rico.
Fourth A nnual Report of the Joint Coal Board, [Australia
and New South Wales], for the Financial Year 1950-51.
Sydney, 1952. 97 pp.
Contains statistics and summaries covering various
phases of the Australian coal industry, including industrial
relations and welfare services for miners.
Employment, Hours Worked, Wages [in P rinting Industry
of Montreal and District], 191+2-1951.
Montreal,
Printing Industry Parity Committee for Montreal and
District, 1952. 68 pp., charts. (Serial PE-21.)
International Labor Affairs
Conventions, Recommendations, Resolutions, and Other Texts
Adopted by the International Labor Conference at its
S5th Session ( Geneva, 1952). {In Official Bulletin, In
ternational Labor Office, Geneva, August 15, 1952,
pp. 39-102. Distributed in United States by Wash
ington Branch of ILO.)
Thirty-fifth Session of the International Labor Conference.
{In Industry and Labor, International Labor Office,
Geneva, July 1 and 15, 1952, pp. 3-115. 25 cents.
Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.)
Summary of day-to-day proceedings with texts of pro
posed conventions, etc. A less-detailed, general survey of
the conference is given in the International Labor Review
for October (pp. 281-317).
Fifth Conference of American States Members of the Inter
national Labor Organization {Petropolis, [Brazil],
A p ril 1952). {In Official Bulletin, International
Labor Office, Geneva, June 20, 1952, pp. 1-38. Dis
tributed in United States by Washington Branch of
ILO.)
Reproduces resolutions adopted by the conference.
Sixth Report of the International Labor Organization to the
United Nations. Geneva, International Labor Office,
1952. 286 pp. $1.75. Distributed in United States
by Washington Branch of ILO.
Labor Organization and Activities
Report of the Executive Council of the American Federation
of Labor to the 71st Convention, New York, September
15, 1952. Washington, American Federation of
Labor, 1952.
247 pp.
35 cents.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
PUBLICATIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
663
An article on the convention was published in the No
vember Monthly Labor Review (p. 499).
Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.)
1952 Directory of Labor Organizations in Montana. Helena,
Organization of M igration into Canada. By V. C. Phelan.
{In International Labor Review, Geneva, March 1952,
Unemployment Compensation Commission of Mon
tana, [1952]. 34 pp.
Democracy in Private Government: A Case Study of the
International Typographical Union. By Seymour M.
Lipset. Berkeley, University of California, Institute
of Industrial Relations, 1952. 19 pp. (Reprint 42;
from British Journal of Sociology, March 1952.)
Single copies free.
Union Membership: Privilege or Right ? By Keith M.
Callow. {In Washington Law Review and State Bar
Journal, Seattle, August 1952, pp. 211-227. 50 cents.)
Brief review of union methods of excluding unwanted
members, and excerpts from judicial decisions emphasizing
inadequacies of the “voluntary association” concept of
trade-union organization.
Green— A Pictorial Biography. By Max D.
Danish. New York, Inter-Allied Publications, 1952.
190 pp. $6.
Brief outline of William Green’s participation in the
major trade-union activities of the last 40 years, with over
100 pictures. Mr. Green, who died on November 21,
1952, headed the American Federation of Labor for
almost 28 years.
W illiam
pp. 321-347. 60 cents. Distributed in United
States by Washington Branch of ILO.)
Describes Canadian law and practice concerning immi
gration into that country.
Minority Groups
D iscrim ination and Full U tilization of M anpower Resources.
Hearings before Subcommittee on Labor and LaborManagement Relations, Committee on Labor and
Public Welfare, United States Senate, 82d Congress,
2d Session, on S. 1732 and S. 551 . . . Washington,
1952. 423 pp.
Testimony submitted during seven days of hearings in
April and May 1952.
Re
port of Committee on Labor and Public Welfare to
accompany S. 3368, a bill to prohibit discrimination in
employment because of race, color, religion, national
origin, or ancestry, 82d Congress, 2d Session. Wash
ington, 1952. 33 pp. (Senate Report 2080.)
Federal Equality of Opportunity in Employment Act.
Annual Report of the Massachusetts Commission Against
Discrimination, November 80, 1950-November 80, 1951.
Boston, [1952?].
Migration and Migratory Labor
Memo to America: The D P Story— The Final Report of the
United States Displaced Persons Commission. Wash
ington, 1952. 376 pp., charts. $1, Superintendent of
Documents, Washington.
An article on displaced persons in the United States
appears in this issue of the Monthly Labor Review (p. 611).
Hearings before Subcommittee on Labor
and Labor-Management Relations, Committee on
Labor and Public Welfare, United States Senate, 82d
Congress, Second Session. Washington, 1952. 2
parts, 1089 pp.
Part 2 (123 pp.) includes reports on the migratory worker
in the American agricultural economy, changing technology
and the demand for seasonal farm workers, recruiting mi
gratory workers for seasonal agricultural employment, the
labor contractor system in agriculture, housing for migra
tory workers while on the job, and extension of unemploy
ment-insurance coverage to farm labor.
M igratory Labor.
Report of Com
mittee on Labor and Public Welfare to accompany
S. 3300, a bill to establish a Federal committee on
migratory labor. Washington, 1952. 15 pp. (Sen
ate Report 1686, 82d Cong., 2d sess.)
Summarizes findings of various Federal investigations of
the migratory agricultural labor problem and recommenda
tions that have been made for dealing with it.
M igratory Labor Committee Act of 1952.
International Migration and European Population Trends.
By Julius Isaac. {In International Labor Review,
Geneva, September 1952, pp. 185-206.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
60 cents.
30 pp. ; processed.
B iennial Report, Including Annual Statistical Reports, for
the Years of Ju ly 1, 1949, to June 30, 1951, State of New
Jersey, Department of Education, Division Against D is
crimination. Newark, [1952?]. 24 pp.; processed.
Policies of [Rhode Island] Commission Against D iscrim ina
tion. Providence, 1952. 7 pp.; processed.
Negro Employment in Southern Industry. By Donald
Dewey. {In Journal of Political Economy, Chicago,
August 1952, pp. 279-293. $1.50.
Although the author has discovered a great variety of
racial employment patterns in the South, he advances the
thesis that there are “discernible uniformities in the use of
Negro labor.” He suggests that the southern scene might
be understood “by qualifying the marginal productivity
analysis of labor allocation with a few additional assump
tions” growing out of employer choices in the use of white
or Negro labor, men or women. He finds two virtual
“laws” on labor use in the southern economy: (1) Negro
workers seldom hold jobs which require them to give orders
to white workers; and (2) Negro and white workers do not
ordinarily work side by side at the same jobs.
Vacations and Holidays
H olidays W ith P a y. Geneva, International Labor Office,
1952. 167 pp. Report IV (1) prepared for 36th
session of International Labor Conference, 1953. $1.
Distributed in United States by Washington Branch
of ILO.
Analyzes the law and practice concerning holidays with
pay for major categories of workers (except agricultural
664
P U B L IC A T IO N S O F L A B O R IN T E R E S T
and maritime), and describes holiday facilities and services,
in different countries. Suggestions for further considera
tion by ILO member governments are made. An appendix
shows basic holiday provisions of collective agreements in
selected industries of various countries.
P a id
V a c a tio n P r o v i s io n s i n
C o lle c tiv e A g r e e m e n ts , 1 9 5 2 .
By Dena Wolk and James Nix. Washington, U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1952. 5 pp. (Serial R. 2084; reprinted from Monthly
Labor Review, August 1952.) Free.
V a c a tio n s
W ith
Pay
in
C a n a d ia n
M a n u fa c tu r in g ,
1951.
Labor Gazette, Department of Labor, Ottawa.,
August 1952, pp. 1039-1053. 10 cents in Canada, 25
cents elsewhere.)
{In
P aym en t of
W ages fo r
H o lid a y s
[ in
G reat B r ita in ].
{In
Ministry of Labor Gazette, London, May 1952, pp.
157-161. Is. net, H. M. Stationery Office, London.)
Covers annual vacations as well as public holidays.
M ONTHLY LABO R
L e s M é th o d e s de F ix a tio n d e s S a l a i r e s e t la P o li t i q u e d e s
S a l a i r e s d a n s le M o n d e , T r o is iè m e P a r t i e . { I n Études
et Conjoncture, Économie Mondiale, Institut Na
tional de la Statistique et des Études Économiques,
Paris, May-June 1952, pp. 264-273.)
Comparative analysis of problems, methods, and policies
of determining wage levels, with particular attention to
real wages, in Austria, Scandinavia, Belgium, Luxembourg,
West Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom. Special note
is taken of recent wage policies in Finland, France, and the
United States. The article is mainly analytical and con
tains few statistics.
The first two parts of the study, in the March-April
1952 issue of the same periodical, dealt with methods of
wage determination and with factors influencing wage
policy.
Women in Industry
Washing
ton, U. S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau,
1952. 13 pp. (Bull. 241.) 5 cents, Superintendent
of Documents, Washington.
E m p lo y m e n t o f W o m e n i n a n E m e r g e n c y P e r i o d .
Wages and Hours of Labor
T h e A d j u s t m e n t o f W a g e s to C h a n g e s i n th e C o s t o f L iv in g
By Bert Zoeteweij. { I n International Labor Review»
Geneva, August 1952, pp. 89-112. 60 cents. Dis
tributed in United States by Washington Branch of
ILO.)
By Edwin
E. Witte. { I n Wisconsin Law Review, Madison,
May 1952, pp. 398-419. $1.)
This article was completed on March 15, 1952, and hence
does not include developments after that date.
A m e r ic a n E x p e r ie n c e W i t h W a g e S t a b i l i z a t i o n .
P r e v a i l i n g W a g e D e t e r m in a tio n s i n th e C o n s tr u c tio n I n d u s
By William S. Tyson. { I n
Labor Law Journal, Chicago, November 1952, pp.
776-788. 50 cents.)
Reprinted from Wisconsin Law Review, May 1952.
t r y : S o m e L e g a l A s p e c ts .
By William Goldner. Berkeley, Univer
sity of California, Institute of Industrial Relations,
1952. 63 pp., bibliography. 25 cents.
Brief historical survey of reduction of the workday and
workweek in the United States, and discussion of effects of
Government regulation and collective bargaining pro
visions on hours of work.
Washington,
U. S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1952.
15 pp.; processed. (D-55.) Limited free distribution.
S t a t u s o f W o m e n i n th e U n ite d S ta te s , 1 9 5 2 .
S u m m a r y o f S ta te L a b o r L a w s f o r W o m e n , J u l y 1, 1 9 5 2 .
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Women’s
Bureau, 1952. 7 pp.; processed. (D-54.) Limited
free distribution.
a s W o r k e r s — A S t a t i s t i c a l G u id e .
Washington,
U. S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1952.
30 pp.; processed. (D-53.) Limited free distri
bution.
Shows number of women in the labor force of the United
States, increase since 1900, number employed in April 1952
in major occupation groups, and other data.
W om en
H o u rs of W ork.
L e N u o v e N o r m e p e r la R ile v a z io n e d e g li I n d i c i d e l C o s to
d e lla
V ita ed il S is te m a d i
S c a la M o b ile d e i S a l a r i .
Rome, Confederazione Generale dell’Industria Italiana, September 1952. 84 pp. (Quaderno VII della
Rassegna Statistiche del Lavoro.)
This supplement to the Review of Labor Statistics dis
cusses wage-escalation systems in effect for workers in
Italian industry, commerce, agriculture, and credit, and
describes the new standards and procedures for calculation
of the official consumer price index. Facsimiles of the
forms used in reporting prices are included.
By C. Vannutelli. { I n Review of the Economic Conditions in
Italy, Rome, September 1952, pp. 385-407.)
W a g e S tr u c tu r e a n d C o s t o f L a b o r i n I t a l y .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The
O u tlo o k f o r
W om en
as
F o o d - S e r v ic e
M an agers
and
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor,
Women’s Bureau, 1952. 54 pp., bibliography, illus.
(Bull. 234-2; Home Economics Occupations Series.)
20 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
S u p e r v is o r s .
The
O u tlo o k
fo r
W om en
as
O c c u p a tio n a l
T h e r a p is ts .
Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Women’s
Bureau, 1952. 51 pp., bibliography, illus. (Bull.
203-2, rev.; Medical Services Series.) 20 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Miscellaneous
By George Soule.
New York, William Sloane Associates, Inc., 1952.
568 pp., bibliography, maps, charts. $4.75.
E c o n o m ic F o r c e s i n A m e r i c a n H i s t o r y .
P r o b le m s a n d T r a d e U n i o n i s m .
By Robert D.
Leiter. New York, Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1952. xvi,
320 pp., bibliography. (College Outline Series.)
$1.50.
Labor
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
PUBLICATIONS OF LABOR INTEREST
Proceedings, First N ational Conference on Employee Recrea
tion Convened by the National Council on Physical
Fitness, January 7-8, 1952, Ottawa, Canada. Ottawa,
Department of National Health and Welfare, Physical
Fitness Division, 1952. 31 pp.; processed.
Wash
ington, U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Office of Statistical
Standards, 1952. 78 pp., bibliography. Rev. ed.
45 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
Statistical Services of the United States Government.
San Juan,
Economic Development Administration, Office of
Economic Research, 1952. 271 pp., map; processed.
In Spanish and English.
Includes data on the labor force, employment, wages,
working hours, prices, housing, and production.
Statistical Yearbook, Puerto Rico, 1950-51.
By Simone Weil. [Paris], Gallimard, 1951. 273 pp.
Collection of letters and articles, most of them written
from 1934 to 1936, describing the author’s impressions of
factory life and of the powerful impact of the factory upon
the workers’ mentality and behavior.
La Condition Ouvriere.
2 3 1 0 4 5 — 52 ----------5
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
665
Born of comfortably situated middle-class parents, Miss
Weil was intensely moved throughout her life by social
injustice and attempted to identify herself with the socially
disenfranchised. Believing that she could only achieve a
sensitive understanding of workers and working-class life
by becoming a worker herself, she took employment from
1934 to 1936 as a factory hand in the Renault automobile
plant in Marseille. “La Condition Ouvrière” is the
product of these two years.
Political, Economic, and Social W ritings in Postwar
Finland — A Bibliographic Survey . . . By Kirsti
Jaantila. Washington, Library of Congress, Euro
pean Affairs Division, 1952. 41 pp.; processed.
Limited free distribution.
Edited by A. N. Agrawal.
Delhi, Ranjit Printers and Publishers, 1952. 172 pp.
2d ed., rev. and enl. 6s., Students’ Bookshops,
Cambridge, England.
Productivity of industrial labor, existing and suggested
measures for the welfare of labor, and industrial relations
are among subjects treated.
Industrial Problems of India.
Current Labor Statistics
A.—Employment and Payrolls
Estimated civilian labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
A-2: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
and group
A-3: Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries
A-4: Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in
manufacturing industries
A-5: Federal civilian employment by branch and agency group
A-6: Government civilian employment in Washington, D. C., by branch and
agency group
A-7 : Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected States 1
A-8: Employees in manufacturing industries, by State 1
A-9: Insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance pro
grams, by geographic division and State
668 Table A -l:
669 Table
673 Table
675 Table
676 Table
676 Table
677 Table
678 Table
679 Table
Labor Turn-Over
680 Table B -l:
681 Table B-2:
Monthly labor turn-over rates (per 100 employees) in manufacturing
industries, by class of turn-over
Monthly labor turn-over rates (per 100 employees) in selected groups
and industries
Earnings and Hours
683 Table C -l:
698 Table C-2:
699 Table C-3:
699 Table C-4:
700 Table C-5:
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory
employees
Gross average weekly earnings of production workers in selected
industries, in current and 1939 dollars
Gross and net spendable average weekly earnings of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1939 dollars
Average hourly earnings, gross and exclusive of overtime, of produc
tion workers in manufacturing industries
Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing
industries for selected States and areas 1
1 This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.
N ote.— Beginning with Volume 74, tables in the A section have been renumbered consecutively,
to take into account the elimination of two tables.
666
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CURRENT LABOR STATISTICS
667
D,—Prices and Cost of Living
706 Table D -l:
707
708
709
710
711
712
712
713
Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families in large cities,
by group of commodities
Table D-2: Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families, by city, for
selected periods
Table D-3: Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families, by city and
group of commodities
Table D-4: Indexes of retail prices of foods, by group, for selected periods
Table D-5: Indexes of retail prices of foods, by city
Table D-6: Average retail prices and indexes of selected foods
Table D-7: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group of commodities (1947-49 —100)
Table D-7a: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group of commodities, for selected
periods (1926 = 100)
Table D-8: Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
E.—Work Stoppages
714 Table E -l:
F.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
Building and Construction
715 Table F -l:
716 Table F-2:
717
Table F-3:
718 Table F-4:
719 Table F-5:
Expenditures for new construction
Value of contracts awarded and force-account work started on fed
erally financed new construction, by type of construction
Urban building authorized, by principal class of construction and by
type of building
New nonresidential building authorized in all urban places, by general
type and by geographic division
Number and construction cost of new permanent nonfarm d w e l l i n g
units started, by urban or rural location, and by source of funds
Note.— Earlier figures in many of the series appearing in the following tables are shown in the Handbook of Labor
Statistics, 1950 Edition (BLS Bulletin 1016). For convenience in referring to the historical statistics,
the tables in this issue of the Monthly Labor Review are keyed to the appropriate tables in the Handbook.
M LR
table
Handbook
table
A-13
A -l
A-3
A-4
A-8
A-3
A-4
A-7
A-6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M LR
table
A -5______
A-6_„____
A -7______
A -8______
A -9______
B - l ______
B -2______
C - l______
C -2______
Handbook
table
________A-9
________None
________A-2
________A-2
________A-14
________B - l
. . . ____ B-2
________O l
________ None
M LR
table
Handbook
table
C -3______ ________C-4
C -4______ ________C-3
0 - 5 _______ ________C-2
D - l ______ ________D - l
D -2 ______ ________D -2
D - 3 ._____ ------------ None
D -4 ______ ________D -4
ÎD-2
D -5 ______
— ------ (D-3
M LR
table
Handbook
table
D -6 ______
__ None
D -7 a _____ ________D -5
D -8 ______ - ______None
E - l ___ __
F - l ______ ________H - l
F -2 ______ ________H -4
F -3_____ ________H -6
F -4______ ________H-6
F -5______ ________ 1-1
MONTHLY LABOR
A : EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYR O LLS
668
A: Employment and Payrolls
T able
A -l: Estimated Civilian Labor Force Classified by Employment Status, Hours Worked, and Sex
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and over 1 (in thousands)
1951
1952
Labor force 2
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Total, both sexes
Civilian labor force--.........................................
Unemployment---------------- ---------------Unemployed 4 weeks or less......... ......
Unemployed 5-10 weeks----------------Unemployed 11-14 weeks---------------Unemployed 15-26 weeks.........------Unemployed over 26 weeks............
Employment________________________
N onagricultural--------------------------Worked 35 hours or more............. Worked 15-34 hours. ---------------Worked 1-14 hours 3----------------With a job but not at work b .
Agricultural______________ _______
Worked 35 hours or more..... ..........
Worked 15-34 hours----------------Worked 1-14 hours 3----------------With a job but not at work4- ..
63,146
1,284
704
312
63,698
1,438
830
286
104
78
61,862
54, 588
45,688
5, 220
1,844
1,836
7, 274
5,080
152
60
62,260
54, 712
45, 538
5,214
1,576
2,384
7,548
5,774
1,380
86
1,868
'218
108
110
212
182
64,176 64,390
1,942
1,818
1,240
1,174
288
476
78
116
122 106 146
66
70
58
62,354 62, 234 62,572
54,402
54,
636
55,390
43,824 42,112 44,144
5,180
5,016
4,924
1,512
1,642
1,480
3,436
5,996
5,162
7, 598 8,170
6,964
6,482
5, 654
5,030
1,408
1,610
1, 500
184
174
194
160
96
180
63,958
1,004
872
422
130
62,778
1,602
896
352
96
158
61,744
1,612
774
342
174
196
100 126
61,170 60,132
54,216 53,720
45,284 43,002
6,826
4,946
1,918
1,934
1,974
2,052
6,412
6,960
4,684
5,416
1,416
1,308
120 150
162
116
61,838
2,086
982
638
202 174
208
198
94
96
59, 714 59,752
53,702 53,688
43,954 44,134
5,652
5,810
2,012 2,078
1,824
1,926
6,012 6,064
4,152
4,390
1,194
1,378
202 194
286
280
61, 518
1,804
880
418
61, 780
2,054
1,068
570
136
172
108
59, 726
53, 540
44,046
5,686
2,002
1,806
6,186
4,116
1,378
316
376
62,688 63,164
1,674
1,828
920
1,072
374
390
130
152
136
114
122
92
61,014 61,336
54,636 54,314
45,116 43, 708
5,926
6,832
2,102
2,080
1,514
1,672
7,022
6,378
4,392
4,660
1,840
1,538
250
332
190
198
63,452
1,616
944
330
126
126
90
61,836
54,168
43,040
7,488
1,922
1,718
7, 668
6,090
1,270
228
80
43,346
1,002
43, 522
890
42, 632
36, 756
31,206
3,654
780
1,116
5,876
5,110
554
142
70
19,818
826
18,992
17,698
12,606
3,292
1,268
532
1,294
380
766
116
32
19,930
726
19,204
17,412
11,834
3,834
1,142
602
1,792
980
716
Males
Civilian labor force---------------------------------Unemployment - .------ -----------------------Employment_____________ ________
N onagricultural____________ _____
Worked 35 hours or more...............
Worked 15-34 hours......................
Worked 1-14 hours 3___________
With a job but not at work4..
Agricultural.
Worked 35 hours or more.
Worked 15-34 hours.
Worked 1-14 hours 3.
With a job but not at work
43,196
714
42,482
36,662
32,336
2,444
658
1,224
5,820
4,560
1,012
152
96
43,468
864
42, 604
36,766
32,316
2,366
542
1,542
5,838
4, 800
706
154
178
44,396 44, 720
1,244
1,004
43,392 43.476
37, 582 37,316
31,362 30,286
2,682
2,622
562
494
3,786
3,104
6,160
5,810
5,114
4,656
778
870
134
152
134
132
44,464 43,262 42,946 42,810
1,224
1,048
972
1,138
43,326 42,290 41,898 41, 586
37,050 36,620 36,298 36,246
31,734 32,060 30,796 31,038
3,060
3,478
2,490
2,438
778
838
780
628
1,310
1,246
2,198
1,342
5,340
5,600
6,276
5,670
4, 464 3,966
5,450
4,902
964
876
618
596
124
148
140
76
136
262
90
74
42,858
1,376
41,482
36,116
31,346
2, 724
852
1,194
5,366
4,210
768
154
234
42,864
1,384
41,480
36,132
31,296
2,852
828
1,156
5,348
3,910
18,980
710
18,270
17,572
12,788
2,928
1,226
630
698
180
426
40
52
18,916
670
18,246
17, 408
12, 750
2,834
1,174
650
838
206
490
84
58
888
232
318
43,114
1,008
42,106
36,728
31,974
2,906
852
996
5,378
4,110
936
158
174
42,344
36, 616
31,102
3,540
834
1,140
5, 728
4,280
1,074
216
158
Females
Civilian labor force--------------------------------Unemployment-------------------------------Employment............ ................ ..................
N onagricultural.......... ...... ......... ........
Worked 35 hours or m ore..............
Worked 15-34 hours----------------Worked 1-14 hours 3___________
With a job but not at work 4—
Agricultural.............. ....................... —
Worked 35 hours or more...............
Worked 15-34 hours___________
Worked 1-14 hours 3.....................
With a job but not at work 4—
19,950 20,230
574
570
19,380 19, 656
17,926 17,946
13,352 13,222
2, 776 2,848
1,034
1,186
842
612
1,710
1,454
974
520
674
856
58
66
4
12
19, 562
600
18,962
17,808
12,462
2,302
986
2,058
1,154
374
690
42
48
19, 456
698
18,758
17, 320
11,826
2, 334
950
19,926 19, 516 18,798
564
680
630
19,246 18,886 18,234
17,352 17,596 17,422
12,410 13,224 12,206
3,348
2,690
2,508
1,014
1,154
1,140
728
2,210 1,238
710
812
1,438
1,894
1,290
514
220
540 1,032
832
540
812
690
26
40
44
44
26
26
6
42
18, 708
580
18,128
17,456
12, 916
2, 750
1,174
616
672
186
414
54
18
19,574
666
18,908
17,908
13,142
3,020
1,228
518
1,000
282
602
92
24
1Estimates are subject to sampling variation which may be large in cases
where the quantities shown are relatively small. Therefore, the smaller
estimates should be used with caution. All data exclude persons in institu
tions. Because of rounding, the individual figures do not necessarily add to
gr°Wcginning with January 1951, total labor force is not shown because of the
security classification of the Armed Forces component.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
86
10
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
669
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1951
1952
Industry group and Industry
Oct.
Total employees------------------------------------
Sept.
Aug.
July
Apr.
29.5
21.5
893
107.3
38.6
29.0
21.9
896
107.3
38.0
29.2
60.9
65.2
65.6
60.1
348.5
268.7
294.2
348.4
356.5
887
93.5
26.3
29.6
19.8
784
74.1
6.9
28.5
20.4
__________________
63.3
63.6
Bituminous-coal________ _____________
345.9
Anthracite
M ay
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Nov.
Dec.
Oct.
1951
1950
47, 705 47, 693 47,106 46,006 46,292 46,329 46, 299 46,001 45,899 45,913 47, 663 46, 852 46, 902 46, 401 44,124
874
91.7
27.0
27.7
19.6
Mining_________________________________
Metal
____ -- _____
Iron
______________________
___________________
Copper
Lead and z in c __ __________________
June
858
91.0
332.0
Crude petroleum and natural gas pro____________________
duction
814
77.0
8.0
902
107.2
36.9
29.1
22.4
909
106.9
37.1
28.9
22.2
916
106.4
37.5
28.8
21.9
917
105.4
37.7
28.4
21.4
917
104.3
38.2
27.9
20.9
920
104. 9
37.6
28.7
61.8
67.0
67.1
67.1
67.2
69.1
75.1
362.8
366.0
367.0
368.5
367.9
367.0
378.2
375.6
255.3
904
106.8
36.9
29.2
22.2 22.2
66.8
20.8
904
101.0
35.5
28.1
19.7
264.9
272.9
274.5
272.1
266.3
267.4
266.1
266.6
267.4
268.8
269.2
268.7
262. 2
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying--------
107.0
107.7
108.0
106.1
105.6
105.5
104.8
101.4
100.7
100.8
105.1
107.3
109.3
105.1
97.4
Contract construction_____ _____________
2, 686
2, 763
2,783
2, 722
2,663
2, 522
2, 416
2,296
2,308
2,316
2,518
2,633
2,761
2,569
2,318
567
252. 9
313.6
574
258.0
316.4
549
244.4
304.6
536
237.2
298.3
500
215.3
284.2
454
179.3
274.2
398
143.2
254.4
395
143.5
251.1
390
140.3
249.5
453
179.4
273.3
495
207.3
288.1
544
234.5
309.6
480
200.4
285.1
447
183.0
264.1
Nonbuilding construction______________
Highway and street. __ __________ Other nonbuilding construction.............
Building construction___________ _____
2,196
2, 209
2,173
2,127
General contractors______ _____________
899
909
896
878
2,022
823
1,962
1,898
1,913
1,926
2,065
2,138
2, 217
2,084
1,871
791
768
775
775
847
887
944
880
797
1,297 1,300 1, 277 1,249 1,199 1,168 1,130 1,138 1,151 1,218 1,251 1,273 1,204 1,074
313.4 311.3 307.6 299.4 287.8 286. 8 288.6 291. 4 296.9 307.9 313.6 314.0 298. 5 270.6
191.4 188.8 187.4 177.4 173.8 158.2 145.3 143.5 146.1 167.6 175.5 182.9 165.5 132.5
S.6
168.9 168.7 167.1 162.3 156. 7 154. 5 154.9 155.2 156.9 158.2 156.9 155.3 147. 5
623. 7 630. 9 614.4 609.6 580.3 568.4 540.9 548.0 550.6 584.6 604.8 620.7 591.9 541.7
Special-trade contractors . ____________
Plumbing and heating_______ - ____
Painting and decorating_______ ______
Electrical work
___
_ ____
Other special-trade contractors_______
12
Manufacturing_______________ _________ 16, 406 16, 361 16,015 15, 162 15,410 15, 654 15, 795 15, 869 15,859 15,776 15,913 15,890 15,965 15,931 14,884
Durable goods 2
_______ . _ ____ 9, 258
Nondurable goods 3______ _____ ___ 7,148
Ordnance and accessories_________ ____
83.0
Food and kindred products___ _________ 1,624
Meat products
__ _________ _ _ __
Dairy products .. _ _____________
Canning and preserving ______ _
__
Grain-mill products _______________
Bakery products________ ___ _____ _
Sugar
___
.
- _____
Confectionery and related products.. .
Beverages
___________ _
Miscellaneous food products_________
Tobacco manufactures______ _ ______
_______ _ _______ Cigarettes
Cigars .
___________ - ________
.................
Tobacco and snuff __
Tobacco stemming and redrying___ ..
98
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7, 111
767
6,861
8,621
6,789
8,991
6,663
9,054
6,741
9,035
6,834
9,010
6,849
8
, 946
6,830
9,000
8,976
6, 913 6, 914
8,942
7,023
8, 926
7,005
8,008
6.876
59.0
63.4
46.7
24.7
66.3
69.2
76.3
74.3
71.7
78.3
79.3
79.5
80.4
81.3
1,715 1,684 1,615 1,534 1, 463 1,444 1,444 1,448 1,452 1,507 1,547 1,644 1,555 1, 542
299.9 294.7 295.8 294. 7 292.4 295. 4 301.5 309.3 310.7 314.5 309.8 298.7 300.1 295.6
148. 4 156.0 158.6 155. 5 148.5 141.4 136.0 134.9 133.5 136.6 139.3 144. 7 145.5 144.5
339.8 307. 9 236.8 179.7 147.7 138.9 129.6 130.4 131.3 145.5 170.6 263.4 206.4 202.9
135.3 136.3 135.4 133.2 129.8 129.7 130.6 130. 5 131.0 130.5 130.1 131.3 128.9 123.9
294.6 296.5 296.3 290.5 280.7 286.7 287.0 286.4 286.2 288.3 288.6 291.6 287.6 285.9
34.0
46.1
51.7
34.5
42.0
27.4
28.7
26.7
27.3
27.8
28.5
27.9
30.8
28.8
97.2
104.5 106.3
99.5
97.8
90.6
93.8
96.7
87.7
88.5
87.1
92.6
99.6
203.9 214.3 216.2 221. 5 218.8 216.3
224.4 235.2 238.9 227.3 217.3 203.8 207.4
141.7 137.2 137.7 135.9 131.3 129.8 131.2 129.9 129.3 132.9 136.1 140.3 136.5 138.5
102.2
202.8
94
28.0
42.2
11.7
11.9
98
28. 2
43.1
11.8
Apparel and other finished textile
products
___ ___________ 1,183
Men's and boys' suits and c o a ts __
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and
work clothing
_________ ___ ___
Women’s outerwear__ _ _____ ____
Women’s children’s underearments..
Millinery
___________________
Children’s outerw ear______ _ ..
For goods and miscellaneous apparel.
O t h e r f a b r ic a te d textile produ cts____
See footnotes at end of table.
8, 904 8, 301
14.8
Textile-mill products _______ ______ 1, 249
Yarn and thread mills _______ ______
Broad-woven fabric mills____ _______
Knitting mills __
________ _
Dyeing and finishing textiles _
Carpets, rugs, other floor covering____
Other textile-mill products____ ____
Lumber and wood products (except furniture'i
______ ___ ________
Logging ramps and contractors_______
S aw T nills and planing mills .. . . .
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
s t r u c t u r a l wood products__________
_____ ___
Wooden containers
Miscellaneous wood products......... .......
9,157
7,204
85
27.2
42.1
11.4
4. 5
85
27.2
42.0
11.7
4.3
85
26.7
41.6
84
26.5
41.0
4.7
4.8
1
1,101
130.8
11.8
11.5
253.6
331.5
100.3
145.8
25.5
69.8
89.5
148.6
247.2
335.5
98.9
23.4
65.9
90.3
146.7
742
62.1
438.1
735
62.3
430.2
733
61.1
429.0
718
52.1
423.2
761
445.1
107.3
75.1
59.8
106.0
76.0
60.4
105.3
76.5
60.6
107.0
76.5
59.2
109.3
77.9
59. 8
257.6
309.7
69. 1
94.9
144.4
779
65.8
465.8
784
68.4
468.9
773
69.5
459.3
763
59.6
457.5
700
42.4
420.5
115.7
73. 4
58.5
115.1
73.2
58.3
112.8
111.7
75.2
59.1
103.1
75.1
58.5
73.1
58.0
92
27.0
41.9
93
26.9
42.3
11.9
11.5
96
26.6
42.0
11. 7
15.8
88
26.1
41.0
11.9
8.9
88
25.9
41.2
12.3
8.8
1,091 1,077 1,115 1,172 1,172 1,149 1,155 1,128 1,138 1,160 1,159
132.9 126.5 134.3 140.4 141.2 140.7 136.4 131.0 141.2 147.7 148.3
256.8
286.0
101.4
18. 2
64.8
85.1
138.3
21.6
7.1
90
26.8
40.9
11.9
9.9
88.1
258. 7
286.5
101.5
16.1
67.9
89.1
138.1
265.3
328.0
104. 2
88
26.8
41.7
1,189 1,209 1,217 1,226 1,237 1,227 1,228 1,282 1,297
155.9 157.9 159.7 160.0 160.5 160. 3 161.3 167.1 162.0
■538.1 548.9 556.2 569.7 579.3 575.2 578.0 600.4 616.1
229.3 229.8 230.0 229.1 231.0 229.0 228.4 238.8 242.8
89.7
86.4
84.7
87.9
86.4
87.8
89.2
89.3
5 5 .0
49.4
49. 5
60.6
50.4
50.9
52.3
52.6
52.6
126.5 130.6 129.9 128.6 128.2 127.0 126 4 132.4 125.7
257.7
302.3
98.5
19.0
67.8
89.2
135.9
269.4
327. 0
106.9
21.4
69.0
98.6
148. 9
26.5
41.8
1.8 12.0
11.8 11.8 15.4
, 216 1,175 1,176 1,178
1,237
165.3 163.4 155.4 157.3 155.1
554.1 549.7 539.2 536.2 533.8
243.7 239.7 228.1 231.8 228.4
84.9
84.7
88.5
83.8
90.4
41. 1
51.9
47. 2
43.9
51.8
124.2
131. 6 127.6 124.6 124.8
1,185 1,169
143. 4 141. 2
86
102.2
21.2
64.8
85.0
140.6
256.6
342.3
102.7
26.0
69.9
88.2
251.9
344.7
101.1
21.0
64.0
98.9
149.2
68.8
263.2
320.3
105.4
145. 2
264.2
317. 7
100.9
.2
65.2
97.1
145. 6
783
/4. 9
460.7
803
78.1
471.4
805
73.3
469.4
792
67.9
461.6
110.8
115.2
77.0
61.1
118.8
80.3
62.7
124.3
77.7
60.8
251.6
314.1
100.3
19.1
64. 7
101. 5
145.6
76.7
60.2
256.2
305. 5
99.7
21.1 21
63. 6
102. 2
22.0
66.5
89.6
143.5
670
T
MONTHLY LABOR
A : EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYR O LLS
able
A -2 :
E m p lo y ees in N o n a g ric u ltu ra l E sta b lish m e n ts, b y I n d u s try D iv isio n a n d
I
G r o u p 1— C o n .
[In thousands]
1952
T il
.
industry
group and industry
Oct.
Manufacturing—Continued
Furniture and fixtures_____________ _
Household furniture . .
Other furniture and fixtures- -
355
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
Annual
average
1951
May
April
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
1951
1950
349
357
352
244.3
107.2
343
237.5
105.4
335
231.7
102.8
338
231. 6
106.4
336
231.8
104.6
342
235.3
106.6
346
237.8
107.7
345
236.4
108.2
345
344
237.2 236 3
107. 5 108.1
235 1
100 8
337
290 g
107 3
94 O g
494
945 7
134 0
342
108 0
955 5
101 5
Paper and allied products____________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes__
Other paper and allied products__
496
490
241.9
136.5
111.4
489
246.5
133.0
109.6
475
238.4
128.2
108.8
482
244.2
129.0
109.1
475
241.0
126.1
108.2
477
241.6
126.8
108.4
479
243.4
127.1
108.3
482
246.4
126.8
108.3
482
247.1
126.8
108.4
484
245. 9
129. 2
109.3
486
240 1
130 5
109 4
488
240 2
131 4
HO 4
Printing, publishing, and allied industries.
Newspapers___ ________________ _
Periodicals_________
Books......
__ . _____ _ ____
Commercial printing___ _________
Lithographing___ ________________
Other printing and publishing_____
780
771
305.3
55.4
52.6
201.7
40.7
114.8
765
304.4
54.5
52.2
200.4
39.3
113.8
765
305.1
54.0
51.5
201.7
38.8
113.5
767
304.3
53.9
52.2
204.1
39.2
113.6
763
302.9
54.0
50.8
203.5
39.8
111.7
763
302.6
54.3
51.2
203.4
40.0
111.8
763
301.8
54.4
51.3
204.0
40.2
111.4
765
303.5
54.6
51.6
203.9
39.9
111.3
768
303.2
54. 7
51.2
207.2
39.9
112.1
775
304.4
56.1
51.3
207.9
41.5
114. 2
773
302. 5
55. 4
51. 2
207 1
41.9
115.2
743
769
763
300 7 999 9 992 9 I
^ 5 ,52 5 59 1 I
50 0 49 8
46 7 1
900 2 905 0
900 g I
49 1 41 9 4n 7 I
114 o 112 ,5 108 q 1
Chemicals and allied products_________
Industrial inorganic chemicals ...
Industrial organic chemicals_______
Drugs and medicines. .
Paints, pigments, and fillers______ Fertilizers
Vegetable and animal oils and fats _
Other chemicals and allied products ....
767
759
84.0
233.8
110. 3
73.9
33. 4
55.1
168.1
745
84.1
233. 5
111.2
73.9
30. 4
45.4
166.2
740
84.1
229.9
111. 1
74.9
30. 0
44.4
165.8
739
83.8
224.7
111.2
74.1
32.0
45.2
167.6
741
83.1
221.4
110.3
74.6
37.4
47.5
167.0
754
83.1
223.3
110.5
74.8
42.3
51.1
168.7
761
83.5
227.8
110. 6
75.0
41. 9
53.7
168. 6
759
83.4
228.1
109.1
74.8
38 8
56.9
168.0
757
83. 5
229.5
108. 2
74.8
35 0
59.6
166. 6
759
84. 2
230.9
108.3
74.3
32 5
61.9
166.6
762
84.0
233.0
108 3
74. 4
31 8
63.3
167 6
763
749
83 7
89 9
231.3 227. 2
107 Q 100 9
75 1 75 0
64. 5
168 2
55 ! 1
108 9
Products of petroleum and coal____ .
Petroleum refining.
Coke and byproducts____ ______ _.
Other petroleum and coal products.
279
280
228.8
20.4
30.8
282
230.6
20.5
30.7
268
226.8
11.3
30.0
265
220.5
14.2
30.1
244
192.3
22.6
28.9
271
220.0
22.4
28.7
267
216. 9
22.5
28.0
267
217.1
22.2
27.6
266
216. 4
22.1
27.4
269
218. 3
22. 2
28. 5
269
217 0
21.3
30 4
269
91 e; 4
99* 1
21 1
263
910 0
91 8
Rubber products ______ _____ ____
Tires and inner tubes__________
Rubber footwear_______ ______ . .
Other rubber products _ ________
278
274
120.3
30.3
123.0
270
119. 5
29.8
120.5
258
119.8
24.6
113.2
271
121.5
29.4
120.0
268
120. 2
29.1
118.9
268
120.3
27.6
120.2
270
119.3
29.9
120.9
269
119.4
30.3
119.6
272
119 7
31.0
121.7
273
273
120. 5 120 4
31.1
31. 2
121.7 121 8
269
115 0
21 1
199 9
272
115 5
20 g
195 7
Leather and leather products ____ ...
Leather__ . .
_______ . . .
Footwear (except rubber)______ ____
Other leather products_____________
394
395
46.1
252.2
96.9
379
397
46.0
45.0
255. 5 241.9
95.3
91.9
379
44.8
244.6
89.1
369
43.6
236.7
88.8
376
43.7
241.0
90.8
383
44.2
245.6
93.6
382
44.5
244.1
93.2
368
362
44. 2 43. 7
235.1 228. 2
89.1
90. 5
356
43 3
220. 7
92 3
381
359
49 o
46 7
994 O 940 6
99 0 92 3
394
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Glass and glass products________ _ .
Cement, hydraulic _____ _______
Structural clay products.. _________
Pottery and related products. . . . . .
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Other stone, clay, and glass products.
546
546
153.0
43.1
89.3
52.1
102.2
106.5
543
147.4
43.6
90.9
52. 3
102.0
106.7
525
142. 5
40.4
89.5
50.3
100.2
102.3
536
143. 7
40.5
91.8
53.2
101.2
105.8
532
142.2
41.4
89.3
53.5
98.4
105.7
533
140.9
42.2
89.3
54.1
97.5
108.9
530
139.5
42.5
86. 9
54.2
97.0
110.2
528
138.0
42.4
87.3
54.7
96.2
109.6
533
137.6
42.8
88.8
54.7
97.2
111.5
552
143.2
43. 2
93.0
56.2
102.1
113.8
559
140 7
42 2
92 9
.50 8
103! 1
115.4
512 I
13*? ß 1
AO 11 1I
82 4 1
57* n 1
92 9 1
103 ! 5 1
Primary metal industries________
1,343
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills__ _ _ . . . ____ _______ ._
Iron and steel foundries. . .
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals________ ______
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous m etals__________________
Nonferrous foundries__________ _____
Other primary metal industries......... —
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment).. ______ ______ 1,008
Tin cans and other tinware
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware . _
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies_____ .
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping, coating, andengraving
Other fabricated metal products____
1,335
860
899
655.1
268.8
635. 6
260.6
212. 6
252. 2
231.0
266.8
56.6
57.8
57. 2
56.9
57.2
56.9
56.8
56.9
56. 3
56.4
56.2
100. 6
113.4
148.6
100.6
113.3
149.7
100. 5
111.9
151.9
99.9
111 7
151.5
100. 5
111 1
150.8
97.9
110 4
151.0
1,343
1,305
644.6
270.6
1,338
545
141.8
43.0
92.0
55.3
100.3
112.7
646.5
270.7
1,350
656.8
272.1
1,354
659.2
275.0
1,354
657. 6
277.4
1, 355
658 9
279.9
1,339
043 0
281.9
1,349
055 0
28(14
113 0
20 4
556
145 7
43 0
91 3
58 0
1012
115.6
1,345
472
925 8
198 5
107 7
686
71 5 I
I
I1
200"
.î
05 g
7L4
r\
¿Q>A4, U
54.5
158 3
I
1
1
I
245 I
194 6 1
90* K 1
252
110 0
95 *^
114* 0
1
I
I
1
1
C(0 K 1
252 3 I
0h1a*
. 11 II
1.270
1
650 5
279.9
614.1 1
¿61. 8 9
98 0
108 7
149Í 8
56.3
56.3
Qg 5 100 3
108 3 109 6
149.7 147.7
96. 9 1
93.0 I
129.8 I
152 ! 7
102.8
113.2
146.5
100. 2
111. 3
139.5
95. 2
110.9
131.9
99.3
112.2
132. 7
991
51.8
145.4
954
50. 4
138.3
911
48.4
132.8
954
48.6
145.1
981
46.8
147.2
990
46.7
148.9
989
45.4
148. 4
989
44.4
150.6
986
44. 7
151.1
988
46 1
149. 9
984
45 9
150.5
155.5
235. 3
173.9
228.7
150. 6
234. 2
161.7
218. 4
141. 9
217. 2
160.1
210.5
145.0
221.6
173.5
219.9
143.0
241. 5
172.1
230.8
144.4
243.3
173.4
233.1
144.7
243. 2
172. 5
235.2
144.9
241.9
171.0
236.2
143. 8
240. 9
170.4
235.3
148.1
240 5
168.4
235. 2
148. 7
935 0
169.1
234 3
988 1,007
48 9 49
0
159 ! 7
148 0
1.54 8
170.1
179 7
932 8
923 9
923 I
48.4 I
100 . y ■
ko c l
169 8 I
Machinery (except electrical)______ . . . 1,589 1, 577 1,577 1,581 1, 640 1,048 1,660 1, 658 1,655 1,647 1,640 1,625 1,611 1,591 1, 357 1
Engines and turbines..
97. 2 95. 3 98. 2 103. 8 102. 2 100. 8 100 7 100 5 100 1 90 0
97 Q
72.61
Agricultural machinery and tractors...
147.2 157.3 168.7 190.0 190.9 191.4 186.6 190.9 189.6 188.0 m i s 187.8 187.3 172 4 1
Construction and mining machinery ..
127.8 127.8 128.3 130.2 132.4 133. 3 133. 5 132.3 130.9 128.1 126.2 124.8 120.7 100 *7 1
Metalworking machinery ___ .
313.7 312.1 307.1 312. 9 311.1 312.9 312. 9 311 8 310.0 307.9 303.5 294.3 289.8 220 !2 i
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)_____ ..
180.6 184. 5 186. 3 191.4 190.8 192.9 194.3 191.8 193.1 194.8 196. 6 190 7 195 0 107 0 1
General industrial machinery . . . . . .
233.8 236.3 234.2 236. 6 237.6 241.8 242.6 242.1 240.1 239.8 238 0 920 9 999 7 1QQ k1
Office and store machines and devices..
107.7 107.4 104.7 107.4 107.6 108.1 107. 7 107.7 107.8 107.8 108.0 107.2 104. 5 on nH
Service-industry and household machines___________ ...
171.3 164.5 162.3 164.8 172.4 174.3 173.2 170.5 167.4 164.7 159. 4 161.0 171.2 176.21
Miscellaneous machinery parts______ ........... 197.4 191.3 191.2 203.0 203.4 204.6 206.5 207.2 208.0 209.6 208.8 207.4 201.2 162.7 i
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
671
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group
Con.
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1951
1952
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Manufacturing—Continued
Electrical machinery ______________ 1,028
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparatu 3
_________ _______
Electrical equipment for vehicles __
Gnmmnnication equipment ___ __
Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellar!eons products
________
Transportation equipment___ _______ 1,699
An t-nmchiles
_ ________
Aireraft and parts
________ _____
Aircraft
_________________
Aireraft engines and parts ________
Aircraft propellers and p a rts______
Other aircraft parts and equipment-Ship- and boatbuilding and repairing—
Shipbuilding and repairing 4 ______
"Boatbuilding and repairing________
Railroad equipment
__ ___ ___
Other transportation equipment-------
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
1951
1950
963
937
956
955
960
967
970
965
965
955
944
937
836
379.1
79.2
399.8
369.8
74.5
381.9
362. 3
76.9
364.1
374.4
81.7
365.9
374.1
82.6
362.6
376.9
81.5
364.1
379.8
81.7
367.3
380.9
82.3
366.5
378.3
82.5
362.4
376.2
83.0
362.2
370.8
82.7
357.3
369.1
82.3
346.0
367.6
81.0
339.8
317.3
70.1
309.2
142.1
136.8
133.3
133.7
135.9
137.3
138.3
139.8
141.4
143.9
144.4
146.9
149.0
139.8
Sept.
1,000
1, 666 1, 553 1,522 1,670 1, 648 1,629 1,602 1,584 1,560 1, 558 1,551 1,511 1,511 1,273
810.8 679.2 668.4 820.3 812.9 809.8 786.6 776.9 775.0 786.0 794.5 807.1 856.3 839. 4
620.0 638.1 625.0 611.0 598.2 591.9 586.1 581.0 566.4 556.0 539.0 496.2 456.3 275.4
401.3 425.7 416.1 406.1 399.9 395.1 390.2 386.6 377.5 373.2 364.0 339.8 308.3 184.2
90.3
89.6
54.5
131.8 128.4 127.0 124.9 121.6 120.9 120.7 120.4 116.1 112.6 106.5
11.8
8.1
10.7
12.4
12.1
12.7
13.2
13.5
13.4
12.9
14.2
13.8
14.4
13.9
54.3
47.7
28.7
56.4
60.1
57.8
63.2
62.5
62.0
61.1
69.8
68.1
66.1
72.5
84.4
152.2 151.3 151.9 152.2 150.1 144.8 142.5 138.9 131.0 126.5 127.0 118.9 113.7
131.6 130.3 131.0 131. 5 130.7 126.8 126.1 123.8 116.8 112.6 113.6 106. 2 99. 7 71.4
12.7
14.0
13.0
14.2
13.9
13.4
19.4
16.4
15.1
18.0
21.0
20.9
20.7
20.6
77.4
72.4
62.2
76.6
77.6
78.3
75.5
71.9
76.0
75.7
74.6
70.2
71.5
65.2
11.6
11.7
11.4
11.1
11.7
11.7
11.0
10.9
11.2
11.2
12.4
11.5
11.7
12.8
Instruments and related products------Ophthalmic goods
__________
Photographic apparatus _____ _____
Watches and clocks
__ _________
Professions! and sei entitle instruments
335
328
26.7
66.6
36.9
198. 2
325
26.6
67.4
35.7
195. 2
320
26.8
66.8
34.3
192.5
322
27.2
65.8
36.3
192.5
320
27.5
64.9
36.3
191.0
323
27.7
64.7
36.4
193.9
321
27.7
64.4
36.0
192.4
319
27.4
64.1
35.8
191.3
316
27. 5
63.7
35.5
189.4
315
27.9
63.5
35.3
188.6
313
27.7
62.7
35.5
186.9
310
27.4
62.3
35.0
185.6
299
27. 6
60.1
34.3
177.3
250
25.4
51.3
30.1
143.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
Toys and sporting goods __ ______
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
industries
______________
505
494
46.3
86.6
57.4
477
43.8
83.2
55.2
457
42.7
77.8
52.3
464
43.9
77.6
51.4
458
44.0
72.3
49.2
461
45.4
70.1
51.1
463
45.9
68.9
53.8
461
46.2
67.0
54.5
453
45. 7
64.5
52.6
463
46.8
65.9
52.9
469
47.2
70.5
53.7
471
47.6
72.1
53.4
480
51.4
73.5
56.7
459
54.8
73.3
58.2
303.9
294.8
284.4
290.9
292.3
294.6
293.9
293.2
290.6
297.0
297.9
297.8
298.6
272.3
Transportation and public utilities---------Transportation
_ ______________
Interstate railroads _
_ __________
Class Trailroads
_ ___________
Local railways and bus lin es________
Trneking and warehousing _
Other transportation and services
Air transportation (common carrier).
Communication ____________________
Telephone
______________
Telegraph
______________- ___
Other public utilities ____________ __
Gas and electric utilities . __________
Eleotrie light and power utilities___
Gas utilities
_________ _______
"Electric light and gas utilities_____
Local utilities .. . _______________
4,220 4.217 4, 201 4. 140 4,168 4,131 4,096 4,118 4,111 4,103 4,161 4,165 4,166 4,144 4,010
2,939 2, 920 2,892 2,840 2,884 2,891 2,877 2,855 2,853 2,852 2, 908 2,912 2,915 2,905 2,801
1,407 1, 392 1,352 1,396 1,416 1,404 1,395 1,392 1,394 1, 426 1,428 1,440 1,449 1, 390
1,234 1, 219 1,183 1,225 1,243 1,230 1,221 1,218 1,222 1, 247 1, 258 1,271 1,276 1,220
148
141
143
141
141
141
139
139
141
137
138
138
137
136
584
628
641
649
651
637
648
641
641
648
655
650
653
672
679
686
694
693
690
680
690
686
680
679
700
698
705
707
80.9
74.4
84.1
85.3
84.7
86.3
89.9
89.2
87.8
87.5
90.6
92.2
92.0
91.7
688
663
697
701
702
701
712
708
720
729
736
(t)
721
730
(t)
682.9 689.1 682.1 673.7 668.6 648.0 663. 8 660.3 652.8 654.1 652.8 648.5 638.9 614.8
47.9
47.2
47.5
46.8
47.2
47.3
47.0
47.1
45.2 (t)
45.5
46.2
(t)
46.1
546
554
551
552
551
550
551
553
550
553
564
571
573
567
560
5^6.0
520.6
528.7
527.6
525.5
527.0
528.0
526.3
525.6
528.8
541.3 547.2 545.4 538.4
240.2 242.7 242.4 239.2 234. ( 234.9 234.4 234.1 234.4 234.3 234.9 236.2 234.3 234.0
121.9 123.5 123.1 121.9 118.7 118.6 117.8 117.6 117.3 118.5 118.6 118.4 117.7 114.9
179.2 181.0 179.9 177. £ 175.2 174.5 174.1 173.9 173.8 174.2 174.1 174.1 174.0 171.6
25. 2
25.1
24.4
25.0
24.5
24.1
24.8
24.3
24.1
24.5
25.1
25.6
25.6
25.9
Trade.
____ ______________
_________________
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
_____________
General merchandise stores ________
Rond and liquor stores
_____ ____
Automotive "and accessories dealers----Apparel and accessories stores...............
Other retail trade.. ----- ------- --------See footnotes at end of table.
10, 084 9, 970 9, 795 9, 792 9,838
2,660 2, 644 2, 640 2,626 2,618
7, 424 7,326 7,155 7,166 7,220
1, 573 1, 509 1, 412 1, 419 1,460
1, 306 1, 295 1,289 1,293 1,292
754
752
757
' 754
747
554
504
516
569
554
3, 222 3, 221 3,198 3,181 3,160
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9, 773 9, 845 9, 668 9, 643 9, 720 10, 660 10,109 9, 893 9, 804 9, 524
2,601 2,605 2, 623 2, 624 2, 622 2,657 2,657 2,622 2,602 2, 544
7,172 7, 240 7,045 7,019 7,098 8,003 7,452 7, 271 7,203 6,980
1, 466 1,527 1,437 1,416 1,472 2,092 1,701 1, 550 1,535 1,493
1,293 1,295 1,287 1,280 1,282 1,316 1, 295 1, 281 1,272 1,209
749
728
748
759
749
768
743
737
738
742
550
536
580
561
651
531
529
515
554
589
3,097
3,014
3,117
3,131
3.117 3,092 3,054 3,059 3,064 3,176
672
MONTHLY LABOE
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-2: Employees in Nonagr¡cultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Group
Con.
[In thousands]
1952
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
May
June
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
1951
1950
Finance_______________________ _____ _
Banks and trust companies........... ..........
Security dealers and exchanges............... .
Insurance carriers and agents__________
Other finance agencies and real estate___
1,971
1,972
495
65.2
716
696
1,993
501
65.7
725
701
1,993
501
65.6
722
704
1,977
490
64.5
713
709
1,958
481
64.4
706
707
1,952
481
64.5
705
701
1,937
479
64.3
702
692
1,919
477
64.1
692
686
1,909
472
63.9
685
688
1,912
472
64.1
690
686
1,907
470
64.1
689
684
1,898
467
63.7
682
685
1,883
460
63.7
674
686
1,812
427
59.
646
680
Service_____ ________________________
Hotels and lodging places.......................
Laundries______________ _______ _
Cleaning and dyeing plants....... ......... .
Motion pictures___________ _________
4, 766
4, 824
465
362.8
159.7
245
4, 843
507
366.7
155.8
244
4,855
509
370.8
160.8
244
4, 837
475
368.6
165.1
248
4,796
450
363.3
163.8
249
4, 748
438
357.5
161.0
248
4, 681
430
352. 9
154.1
242
4,667
428
354.0
153.4
242
4,671
424
355.5
153.8
242
4,702
426
356.2
154.3
241
4,734
430
356.6
157.4
242
4,770
437
360.0
159.3
244
4,759
455
358.6
154.5
245
4,781
456
353.
147.
241
Government.............................................. ...... 6, 714 6, 712 6, 589 6, 558 6, 585 6, 602 6, 551 6, 528 6,490 6,509 6,881 6,497 6,532 6,390 5,910
Federal8....... .................. ....................... . 2,389 2,407 2,418 2,416 2,381 2, 371 2,362 2, 354 2,344 2,331 2,727 2,325 2,322 2,277 1,910
State and local6........ ........ ........................ 4,325 4, 305 4,171 4,142 4,204 4, 231 4,189 4,174 4,146 4,178 4,154 4,172 4,210 4,113 4,000
i The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ series of employment in nonagricultural
establishments are based upon reports submitted by cooperating establish
ments and, therefore, differ from employment information obtained by
household interviews, such as the Monthly Report on the Labor Force
(table A-l), in several important respects. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’
data cover all full- and part-time employees in private nonagricultural estab
lishments who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period
ending nearest the 15th of the month; in Federal establishments during the
pay period ending just before the first of the month; and in State and local
government during the pay period ending on or just before the last of the
month, while the Monthly Report on the Labor Force data relate to the
calendar week which contains the 8th day of the month. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, domestic servants, and personnel of the Armed Forces
are excluded from the BLS but not the MRLF series. These employment
series have been adjusted to bench-mark levels indicated by social insurance
agency data through 1947. Revised data in all except the first four columns
will be identified by asterisks the first month they are published.
* Includes: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products (except
furniture); furniture and fixtures: stone, clay, and glass products; primary
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
metal industries; fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery!
and transportation equipment); machinery (except electrical); electricamachinery, transportation equipment; instruments and related products’
and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
3 Includes: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-mill
products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied prod
ucts; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied prod
ucts; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and
leather products.
* Data by region, from January 1940, are available upon request to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
8 Fourth class postmasters (who are considered to be nominal employees)
are excluded here but are included in table A-5.
• Excludes as nominal employee paid volunteer firemen, employees hired
to conduct elections, and elected officials of small local governments.
t Data are not available because of work stoppage.
All series may be obtained upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Requests should specify which industry series are desired.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T
A -3 :
able
673
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries
1
[In thousands!
1952
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Mining:
Metal____ - __ ___
-- Iron
Copper__
. ___ __________ .
Lead and zinc. _ _- ____
Anthracite__
Bituminous-coal
Sept.
77.6
22.1
23.6
16.9
Aug.
80.3
22.1
25.6
17.2
July
60.6
2.8
24.4
17.7
June
63.7
3.9
25. 5
18. 7
May
94.3
34. 5
25. 2
19 2
Apr.
94.4
33.9
25.4
19. 5
Mar.
94.1
32.9
25.5
19.5
Feb.
94.4
32.9
25.3
19.7
Jan.
94. 2
33.1
25.2
19.5
Dec.
93.8
33.6
25.1
19.2
Nov.
92.9
33.8
.24.8
18.7
Oct.
91.8
34.2
24.3
18. 2
1951
92. 5
33 8
25.1
18.1
1950
89.4
31.9
24.8
17.2
________ __
59. 5
59.8
57.3
61.3
fil fi
56.5
62.8
58.1
63.0
63.1
63.1
63.2
65.0
70.6
_____
320.6
323.1
244.2
272.1
322.9
332.2
338.8
341.8
343. 5
344.9
344.7
343.0
353.7
351.0
131.2
93.2
135.9
93. 7
135.9
91.7
134.0
91.3
12S 7
91 7
129.2
90.9
128.3
87.9
127.5
87.2
127.3
87.2
126.9
91.6
127.8
93.9
127.7
95.5
127.3
91.9
125.7
85. 2
Crude petroleum and natural gas production:
Petroleum and natural gas production
(except contract services)
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying
Manufacturing____ ___________________
Durable goods 5
Nondurable goods J .
Ordnance and accessories
.
__
_
____
13, 254 13,218 12, 874 12,061 12, 329 12, 583 12, 733 12,815 12,820 12, 768 12,911 12,904 12, 997 13,034 12,284
7,487
5,767
62.0
Food and kindred products ________ 1, 216
Meat products___ ______ - - _____
Dairy products
_ ___ _
Claimimr and preserving
Drain-mill products
Bakery products . . - ___ ___ .
Sugar ______ - ___________ __
Confectionery and related products___
Beverages _ _
___ ______ _____
Miscellaneous food products _____
Tobacco manufactures______________ _
Cigarettes_____________ _________
Cigars____ _________ __________
Tobacco and snuff............. __________
Tobacco stemming and redrying_____
91
Textile-mill products_________________ 1,154
Yam and thread mills_____________
Broad-woven fabrio mills___________
Knitting mills_____ _______________
Dyeing and finishing textiles.. ____
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Other textile-mill products.
_____
Apparel and other finished textile products____________________________ 1,060
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats ...
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing... ____ ________________
Women’s outerwear... ________ __
Women’s, children’s undergarments..
Millinery..
. . _______________
Children’s outerwear_______________
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel...
Other fabricated textile products_____
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_____________ ___ _______
Logging camps and contractors___ _
Sawmills and planing mills______
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products___
Wooden containers________________
Miscellaneous wood products________
Furniture and fixtures_______________
Household furniture__
. _ ____
Other furniture and fixtures_________
See footnotes at end of table.
2 3 1 0 4 5 — 52— — 6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
703
305
7, 389
5,829
60.8
7,134
5,740
59.2
6, 559
5,502
59.6
6,888
5,441
59.8
7 262
5,326
59. 4
7, 329
5,404
57.8
7,316
5,499
56.1
7,306
5,514
54.6
7,264
5,502
53.5
7,322
5, 589
51.7
7,314
5, 590
50.1
7,296
5, 701
46.9
7,334
5,700
37.4
6,622
5, 642
19.8
1,311 1,279 1,215 1,138 1 074 1,057 1,057 1,060 1,068 1,122 1,160 1,254 1,170 1,168
236.6 231.9 234.0 232.0 230.4 233.1 239. 4 244.1 246.4 251.6 246.3 236.3 ' 237.6 235.9
104.2 111.2 114.4 112.9 106.9 100.4
94.8
95.5
93.7
96.3
98.5 102.8 104.4 104.4
310.3 279.6 210. 5 154.5 121. 7 114.3 104.3 105.4 105.8 120.3 145.2 238.1 180.5 176.9
99.4
97.9
96.4
96.4
97.0
97.3
97.2
100.6 101.4 100.9
96.6
94.2
96 0 95.6
193.8 193.9 195.3 190.0 183 3 186.3 188.5 187.3 187.2 190.3 192.2 195.1 191.0 191.5
40.2
23.7
22.3
36.7
28.8
25.7
21.8
24.0
45.6
29. 9
23.0
23.7
22 7 22.2
89.2
71.9
85.1
80.4
82.7
82.9
73.7
76.8
79.4
87.5
76.1
71.0
83.1
71.1
151.0 160. 2 163.0 153.2 145. 6 136.3 137. 9 134.4 136.2 145.9 146.8 150.0 150.2 149.1
96.5
94.7
98.1 101.1 104.8 100.9 102.6
95.2
106.3 101.8 101. 7 100.8
96 5 95.1
90
25.5
40.8
10.1
13.6
87
25.6
39.9
10.1
11.0
78
24.7
39.9
9.8
3.7
78
24.6
39.8
10.0
3.5
77
24. 0
39.4
10.0
3.8
77
23.7
38.8
10.0
4.0
78
23.9
39.6
10.1
4.6
80
24.2
39.5
10.3
6.3
82
24.2
38.8
10.3
9.0
85
24.4
39.7
10.2
10.5
85
24.4
40.1
10.3
10.5
89
24.0
39.8
10.2
14.8
81
23.6
38.9
10.4
8.0
81
23.3
39.1
10.8
7.8
1,142 1,123 1,081 1,082 1,083 1,093 1,113 1,123 1,131 1,141 1,132 1,133 1,186 1,206
154.6 152. 9 144.8 146.6 144.4 145. 2 146.8 149.0 149.0 149.8 149.4 150.5 156.3 151.8
523.0 520.0 509.0 506.2 503.4 507.4 518.2 526.7 540.0 547.5 544.2 546.2 568.7 585.6
224. 7 220.8 208.5 212.4 209.0 209.6 210.0 210.0 209.0 210.7 209.1 208.5 219.0 223.6
77.9
74.9
78.1
78.0
80.1
74.7
76.5
74. 7 76.1
79.0
79.0
78.1
73.8
79.8
42.6
41.6
43.1
47.1
53.3
44.8
44.8
41.6
44.1
44.5
44. 7 39.9
36. 7 34.0
115. 0 111.4 108.1 108.2 107.8 109.9 113.7 113.3 112.4 112.3 111.3 110.8 117.0 111.9
972
119.4
959
113.0
996 1,051 1,052 1,029 1,035 1,008 1,019 1,039 1,042
120.7 126.5 127.5 127.2 122.5 117.1 130.6 133.8 134.3
250.8
292.0
95.5
19.0
63. 2
86.8
126.8
247. 0 238.9 239.8
293.6 268. 5 252.4
90.7
87.2
92.8
13.9
19.0
16.6
62.0
62.0
63.3
78.0
78.1
83.4
122. 5 113.9 116.0
237.5
252.0
91.1
15.8
58.8
74.3
116.3
238.8
274.7
91.9
18.7
58.9
74.4
118.1
237.9
306.4
92.6
23.4
63.8
77.2
123.2
232.7
308.8
91.2
22.8
64.0
78.7
126.0
228.2
300.3
88.9
21.0
60.2
79.2
124.3
235.4
295.7
90.2
18.7
58.3
87.6
126.5
232.7
278.6
90.3
16.7
59.2
90.3
123.3
237.5
270.1
89.8
18.7
58.1
91.0
123.3
245.6
282.7
90.6
18.7
59.6
85.4
123.1
245.3
286.8
95.2
19.4
60.7
78.4
121.7
716
62. 4
433. 2
721
64. 8
437. 5
709
65.7
427.1
697
55.5
423. 7
635
38.5
387.3
678
58.2
405.2
670
58.1
397.5
668
56.9
396.4
654
47.9
390.6
696
64.2
412.2
719
70.7
428.0
740
74.2
439.3
741
69.2
437.1
730
63.6
431.1
100. 2
67.8
52.1
99.6
67. 5
51.8
97.1
67.3
51.5
96.0
69.4
52.5
87.6
69.2
52.1
91.7
69.4
53.4
90.3
70.3
54.1
89.8
70.8
54.4
91.6
71.0
53.0
93.9
72.1
53.7
95.3
70.9
54.0
100.0
71.1
54.9
103.4
74.4
56.5
108.5
72.2
54.8
301
214.5
86.9
293
208.2
85.0
285
202.0
82.6
287
288
202.0 202.2
86.2' 84. 5
292
205.4
86.6
296
207.8
88.0
296
207.4
88.4
296
208.0
87.6
296
207.7
88.4
294
206.4
87.3
289
201.2
87.9
301
211.9
88.8
311
227.9
82.6
1, 063 1.049
129. 2 127. 7
982
117.0
674
MONTHLY LABOR
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-3: Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Manufacturing—Continued
Paper and allied products_____ ______
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Other paper and allied products __
417
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
403
208.8
107.0
87.5
398
206.3
104.4
86.9
398
205.8
105.0
86.9
401
207. 9
105. 6
87. 4
404
8 8 .6
395
202. 7
105. 7
86.9
508
153.7
34.3
36.1
164.9
30.3
89.1
507
153. 5
34. 4
35.6
165.4
29.8
88. 7
511
154.3
33.6
36.7
167.0
30.1
88.9
507
153.6
34.5
35.3
166.5
30.5
8 6 .8
507
151.9
35.2
35.7
166.4
30.7
87.2
508
151. 8
35.5
35. 9
166.9
30.8
86. 9
526
60.2
168.1
68.3
47.1
26.2
42. 2
114.2
513
60.4
168.1
69. 5
47.1
23.2
32.7
112.2
511
60. 7
166.0
69.6
48.0
22.9
31.8
111.6
512
60.9
163.2
70.4
47.6
24.7
32.2
113.3
517
60.5
161.1
70.9
47.5
30.1
34.1
112.9
530
60.8
162.8
71.3
47. 7
35.0
37.9
114.4
410
206.6
113.8
90.0
409
514
154. 8
35.0
36.5
166. 4
31.6
89.8
2 1 0 .0
110.4
Jan.
Dec.
405
211 3
105 7
87 8
410
507
151 7
35. 2
36 2
166. 4
30.6
87.3
510
151 3
34. 7
36 0
169. 7
30.6
538
60.9
167.9
71. 5
47.8
34.4
40.7
114.5
538
61.0
168.4
70. 6
48.0
31.5
44.0
114.2
210 2
105. 7
88 0
Nov.
Oct.
1951
1950
420
4041
9055 . 1
1093 . 8
8 83.. 8
212 3
110 7
8 8 .8
411
911 9
109 9
89 0
520
154. 9
35. 6
36 3
170. 5
32.1
90. 2
519
153 7
35 1
36 5
169. 6
32.6
91.0
517
152 8
35 5
36* 7
168 9
32 9
90 5
512
151
35
36
168
32
89
536
61 0
169.6
70. 2
47 9
27.8
46.4
112.8
538
542
61.8
61 7
171.1 1 7 2 ! 9
70. 5 70 4
4 7 .9
47 9
25. 4 24 8
48.8
50 5
112.4 113 5
544
535
61 2
172.1
69 9
48 1
25 8
52.0
114 4
212 2
108. 7
413
90 9
9
114 5
92* 7
212
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Newspapers ______________
Periodicals______________________
Books
________________
Commercial printing______________
Lithographing __
. . _________
Other printing and publishing .
522
Chemicals and allied products________
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals__ _ ...
Drugs and medicines
___
Paints, pigments, and fillers
Fertilizers
Vegetable and animal oil and fats
Other chemicals and allied products
534
114 8
27f.8
433 . 8
1105 . 3
Products of petroleum and coal_______
Petroleum refining ______
Coke and byproducts
Other petroleum and coal products
200
201
159.5
16.3
24.7
202
160.9
16.4
24. 7
191
158.1
8.4
24.1
190
154. 6
10.9
24.0
168
125.8
19.2
23.1
197
155. 3
19.0
22.7
194
152.3
19.2
22.1
193
152. 6
18.8
21.6
193
152.7
18.8
21.4
196
154. 5
19.0
22.4
197
154.1
18 2
24 2
197
153 6
19 0
24 8
195
151 9
18 8
24 3
1855
1422 . 8
183 .1
233 . 9
Rubber products. _____ ________ . . .
Tires and inner tubes _
Rubber footwear
Other rubber products
221
217
94.0
24.6
98.1
212
92.9
24.0
95.5
202
93. 4
19.0
89.8
215
95.3
23.7
95.7
213
94. 6
23. 5
95.0
213
94.6
22.0
96.3
215
93.9
24.2
97.2
215
94.2
24.7
96.3
218
94.4
25.4
97.9
219
95. 4
25. 5
97.9
219
94 8
25. 6
98 2
215
89 8
25. 5
99.4
219
90 8
25 3
102 9
2033
877. 8
205.6
941 . 3
___
352
355
41.6
228.8
84.9
358
41.4
232. 5
83.6
340
40.4
219.4
80.1
340
40.2
221.4
77.9
330
39.0
212.8
77.7
336
39.2
216.9
79.4
344
39.7
221.8
82.0
342
40.0
220.6
81.6
330
39.8
212.8
77.5
323
39.0
205.4
78.4
317
38. 7
197.7
80.3
320
38.1
201.4
80.8
342
42.1
218.0
81.7
3555
455 . 9
2293 . 4
793.7
462
463
133.4
36.6
80.4
46.4
85.1
80.9
459
128.0
37.0
81.8
46.8
84.6
80.5
441
123.4
33.8
79.9
44.5
83.0
76.7
453
124.6
34.1
82.4
47.4
84.1
80.6
449
122.8
35.0
80.1
47.8
81.6
81.9
452
122. 5
35.8
80.2
48.5
80.8
84. 2
449
121.2
36.2
77.9
48.4
80.2
85.2
447
119.8
36.1
78.0
49.1
79.2
84.6
452
119.4
36.6
79. 7
49.0
80.8
86.7
465
123.4
36.8
83.2
49.9
83.7
88.2
472
124.7
37.0
84. 4
50.6
85.6
89.4
479
128.2
37.1
84.7
51.1
87.0
91.0
478
128.2
36.8
83.0
52.9
85.6
91.6
4411
676
716
Leather and leather products____
Leather
__
Footwear (except rubber)
Other leather products
Stone, clay, and glass products________
Glass and glass products
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Other stone, clay, and glass products
_________
Primary metal industries...................... . 1,147
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills __ __________
Iron and steel foundries.
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_______
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals.. ____
Nonferrous foundries .. .
Other primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)____________ . .
Tin cans and other tinware.
_ .
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ suppjies.. ..
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.
Other fabricated metal products..........
819
—
1,147
1,109
1,141
1,143
1,154
1,160
8 8 .0
1,162
1,164
1,149
1,160
5033
6
0
2
6
1
1
60 1
169.9
69 7
49 1
28 0
43 2
1,159
1483 . 6
341 . 7
355 . 7
1665 . 6
31L . 7
855 . 8
496
592.9
151.1 . 8
6?2 . 7
5.8
7. 3
5.0
741 . 8
5°2 . 3
78.3 . 7
81L. 8
1, 0533
5.6
565.6
236.5
546.0
229.0
134.4
221.2
155.0
234.8
556.9
238.9
558.0
239.0
566. 9
240.2
570.2
243.4
570.2
246.3
572. 7
248.6
557. 7
250.3
569 7
248.7
566 4
248 9
46.8
47.7
47.2
47.3
47.8
47.6
47.4
47.5
47.1
47.1
47.1
47.2
47 2
5.4
83.4
94.8
119.4
81.0
92.8
112.1
76.5
92.1
104. 2
79.8
93.2
105.6
81.7
94.3
121.4
81.9
94.0
122.4
81.9
93.0
124.7
81.4
93.0
124.7
82. 2
92. 4
124.1
79.3
91.8
124.3
80 0
90 2
123.3
80 1
90 8
123.4
82 2
91 9
1 2 2 .7
Qft3 . 7
783 . 8
108.3 . 4
803
46. 2
119.3
767
44.7
112.2
726
42.6
107. 4
769
42. 8
119.0
798
41.0
121.0
806
40.9
122.9
807
39 7
122.3
807
38. 7
124. 6
804
38 9
124 9
806
40. 2
123.9
805
40 0
124.5
809
42 9
126.6
831
42 9
134.3
125.2
178.3
144.5
189.6
120.8
177. 5
131.8
180.2
112. 3
162.0
130.3
171.5
115.3
167.3
144.5
180.1
113. 3
188. 2
144. 0
190.9
115.0
188.6
145.5
193.2
115 5
189 2
144.7
195.2
115 5
188. 2
143.8
196.3
115 4
186 7
143.0
195.5
118 9 120 0
186 1 183 1
141.2 142 ! 2
195.7 195.2
120 2
181 7
142 ! 9
194.5
1.0
776
42,2 . 8
132.2 .7
126 0 193¡.9
178 8 1565 .6
153. Ô 146.5 .9
195.6 173.3 . 0
Machinery (except electrical)_________ 1,211 1,197 1,194 1,203 1, 261 1,269 1,282 1,280 1,281 1,276 1,269 1,255 1,242 1,233 1,040)
Engines and turbines______________
70. 2 67.9
72. 3 77.1
74. 8 74 8
70 9 68 6
76. 0
74 9 74 8
73 9 73 0
541.5
Agricultural machinery and tractors
106. 3 115. 2 126 7 147 9 149 2 150 6 145 5 14Q Q 148 7 147 2
145 Q 1QQ
!. 5
Construction and mining machinery...
96.1
96.0
98.3 100.4 101.4 101. 7 100.8
96.6
99! 6 97.1
9 5 .5
94.'3
90! 8
73i.O
.
Metalworking machinery______ _____
247.5 246.0 241. 7 247. 8 247. 0 249.1 249.1 248. 5 246 5 244. 8 240.7 231.9 228.7 169.3 . 0
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)_________ _________ 132.9 136.2 137.7 142.4 142. 5 144.5 145.8 145.4 146.8 147.5 148.4 148.9 148. 6 126.5 .6
General industrial machinery ______
165.1 166. 6 164. 9 168. 9 169 2 172 1 178 4 178 6 178 4 173 1 179 5 171 3 166 5 1341.3
Office and store machines and devices..
88. 2 88.1
85. 5 88. 6 88. 9 89. 4 89.3
89 2 89.8
90.6
87.9
90!9
90.4
755..6
Service-industry and household machines_________ _____
132. 7 126. 3 124. 3 126 9 18.8 4 185 6 184 8 189 5 180 1 197 0
1431.2
Miscellaneous machinery parts______ —
158.3 151.9 153. 6 162.8 162.7 164.1 165.2 166! 4 166! 6 167. 9 166! 6 165! 7 161.6 130.3.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
675
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-3: Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1952
Annual
average
1951
Industry group and industry
Oct.
Manufacturing—Continued
Electrical machinery_________________ 768
Electrical generating, transmission, dis
tribution, and industrial apparatus_______
Electrical equipment for vehicles...._______
Communication equipment______ i ________
Electrical appliances, lamps, and mis
cellaneous products____________________
Transportation equipment_________ (__ 1, 344
Automobiles______________________
Aircraft and parts__________________
Aircraft______________________ i__
Aircraft engines and parts_________
Aircraft propellers and parts___ j___
Other aircraft parts and equipment..
Ship- and boatbuilding and repairing-Shipbuilding and repairing________
Boatbuilding and repairing________
Railroad equipment_____________ 1__
Other transportation equipment_____
Instruments and related products______
Ophthalmic goods ________________
Photographic apparatus________ J ____
Watches and clocks------------------------Professional and scientific instruments..
243
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..
Toys and sporting goods_______ 1___
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Other miscellaneous manufacturing in
dustries_________________________
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
1951
1950
743
708
685
706
708
714
722
727
725
726
718
707
710
636
269.5
62.7
296.6
260.0
58.2
280.3
253.6
60.9
264.7
266.2
65.2
268.2
266.8
66.3
266.5
269.9
65. 4
268.7
272.7
65.4
273.3
274.6
66.1
273.4
272.8
66.6
271.1
270.8
67.2
272.0
266.2
67.4
268.4
265.0
67.2
257.5
267.1
66.1
256.1
229. 7
56.0
237.0
114.1
109.2
105.8
106.7
108.7
109.9
110.8
112.4
114.1
115.7
115.9
117.7
120.5
113.3
1,309 1,197 1,169 1,323 1,307 1,288 1,266 1,251 1,235 1,235 1,234 1,205 1,221 1,044
664.1 532.5 520.7 671.9 667.4 663.2 642.6 634.0 633.2 645.3 654.6 667.4 718.4 713. 5
444.7 465.1 454.2 446.9 437.2 430.3 427.7 424.3 415.4 406.7 395.3 362.1 336.6 201. 8
286.9 312.1 304.2 298.9 294.7 288.8 286.8 283.7 278.9 274.7 267.8 248.7 228.6 135. 7
92.2
84.1
89.2
88.1
84.5
84.2
78.4
74.8
62.4
63.0
39. 1
87.2
84.3
81.3
10.4
10.2
9.4
8.7
8.5
5.4
9.9
9.7
9.6
9.2
8.3
7.5
9.0
10.0
44.9
55.2
52.0
47.8
47.1
44.2
37.5
21. 5
48.3
47.3
46.2
53.6
42.7
50.8
134.1 133.1 134.6 134.7 132.9 128.0 125.8 122.4 114.9 110.5 111.1 103.7
98.9
71. 4
98.2
92.5
86.5
115.7 114.4 115.9 116.0 115.3 111.7 111.1 108.9 102.3
99.3
60. 2
18.4
12.3
12.4
18.7
16.3
14,7
13.5
12.6
11.8
11.2
11. 2
18.7
17.6
18.7
56.9
61.7
62.8
62.2
56.7
54.7
56.0
50.0
60.4
60.7
60.5
63.1
47.9
59.3
9.1
9.9
10.9
10.4
9.9
9.1
9.4
9.3
9.8
9.7
9.3
9.8
9.7
9.7
237
21.3
46.8
31.4
137.7
233
21.4
47.0
30.1
134.9
230
21.6
46.5
28.8
133.2
233
21.9
46.1
30.7
134.6
233
22.3
45.5
30.8
133.9
236
22.5
45.2
30.8
137.1
234
22.4
44.8
30.5
136.4
233
22.3
44.7
30.2
135.8
232
22.3
44.7
30.1
135.1
232
22.7
44.9
30.0
134.1
230
22.5
44.4
30.0
133.2
228
22.3
44.2
29.5
132.3
223
22.5
43.4
29.0
127.7
186
20. 6
37.3
25. 5
103.0
412
37.7
76.1
48.1
394
35.3
72.9
45.9
375
34.2
67.3
43.4
382
35.4
67.3
42.3
376
35.5
62.2
40.2
380
36.9
60.1
42.2
382
37.1
58.9
44.8
381
37.4
57.3
45.5
374
36.8
54.9
43.5
381
37.7
56.2
43.7
388
38.3
60.8
44.5
390
38.6
62.4
44.4
402
42.0
64.1
47.8
385
44.5
64.2
49.2
250.5
240.3
230.1
236.5
238.5
241.0
241.0
240.4
238.3
243.8
244.6
244.8
247.8
227.
i See footnote 1, table A-2. Production workers refer to all full- and parttime employees engaged in production and related processes, such as fabrieating, processing, assembling, inspecting, storing, packing, shipping, main
tenance and repair, and other activities closely associated with production
operations.
* See footnote 2, table A-2.
*See footnote 3, table A-2.
T able A-4: Indexes of Production-Worker Employment and Weekly Payrolls in Manufacturing
Industries 1
[1947-49 average=100]
Period
1939: Average_____________
1940: Average_____________
1941: Average___ _________
1942: Average_____________
1943: Average—......... ......
1944: Average_____________
1945: Average____ ________
1946: Average— ......... _.........
1947: Average_____ _______
Employ
ment
66.2
71.2
87.9
103.9
121.4
118.1
104.0
97.9
103.4
1See footnote 1, tables A-2 and A-3.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Weekly
payroll
29.9
34.0
49.3
72.2
99.0
102.8
87.8
81.2
97.7
Period
1948: Average____________
1949: Average_____________
1950: Average_______ _____
1951: Average...___ ______
1951: October_____________
November-......... ..........
December.--................
1952: January_______ ____
Employ
ment
102.8
93.8
99.2
105.4
105.1
104.3
104.4
103.2
Weekly
payroll
105.1
97.2
111.2
129.2
129.7
129.8
132.9
130 4
Period
1952: February............. .........
March..... ......................
April_______________
M ay____________
June_______________
July....... .......................
August. ___________
September__________
October___ ____ _____
Employ Weekly
ment
payroll
103.6
103.6
102.9
101.8
99.7
97.5
104.1
106.9
107.2
131.0
131.9
128.1
128.1
126.4
121.1
133.3
141.5
MONTHLY LABOR
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAY R O L L S
676
T able
A-5: Federal Civilian Employment by Branch and Agency Group
[In thousands]
Executive 4
Year and month
All branches
Defense
agenciesJ
Total
All other
agencies
Post Office
Department3
Judicial
Legislative
Total (including areas outside continental United States)
837.5
1, 210. 7
521.4
525.4
709.7
717.6
8.1
8.3
3.8
3.9
1950: Average...
1951: Average...
2, 080. 5
2, 465.9
2, 068. 6
2, 453. 7
1951: October__
November.
December.
2, 514.9
2, 517. 5
2,921. 6
2, 502. 8
2, 505.4
2, 909.2
1,279. 4
1, 288. 5
1, 293. 0
495.7
496.2
898.1
727.7
720.7
718.1
8.2
8.2
8.4
3.9
3.9
4.0
1952: January.. .
February..
March___
April.........
M ay..........
June_____
July-------August___
September.
October__
2, 524. 3
2. 537. 5
2. 550. 9
2, 559. 2
2, 571.3
2, 582.9
2, 619.1
2,621.5
2, 610. 4
2, 592.4
2, 512.1
2, 525.2
2, 538. 5
2, 546. 7
2, 558.7
2, 570. 2
2,606. 4
2, 608. 9
2. 597. 7
2, 579.8
1, 296. 9
1, 308. 8
1. 314. 6
1, 319. 0
1. 326. 4
1,334.0
1, 356.1
1, 358.2
1.352.9
1, 346. 9
502.4
503.6
508.8
510.0
511.8
512.5
514. 5
515.8
515.8
516.0
712.8
712.8
715.1
717.7
720.5
723.7
735.8
734.9
729.0
716.9
8.3
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.7
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
Continental United States 4
1950: Average...
1951: Average.. .
1, 930. 5
2, 296.9
1,918.7
2, 284. 8
732.3
1,093. 7
519.4
523.4
667.0
667.7
8.1
8.3
3.7
3.8
1951: October__
November December.
2, 341. 5
2, 344. 0
2, 746. 2
2. 329. 4
2, 332.0
2, 733.9
1,166.1
1,174. 0
1,177.8
493.6
494.1
894.4
669.7
663.9
661.7
8.2
8.2
8.4
3.9
3.8
3.9
1952: January...
February..
March.......
April____
May__ . . .
June_____
July-------August. . . .
September.
October.
2, 350.0
2, 362. 9
2,373. 5
2, 380. 8
2, 390. 0
2,399.8
2, 434. 7
2. 437.1
2, 425. 9
2,407.7
2,337. 8
2, 350. 7
2, 361.2
2, 368. 4
2, 377. 4
2,387. 2
2, 422.1
2. 424.6
2, 413. 3
2,395. 2
1,181.1
1, 192.2
1,195. 3
1,198. 5
1, 203. 6
1,210.4
1, 232. 3
1,233.7
1. 228. 0
1,221.0
500.3
501.5
506.6
507.9
509.6
510.3
512.3
513.6
513.6
513.8
656.4
657.0
659.3
662.0
664.2
666.5
677.5
677.3
671.7
660.4
8.3
8.3
8.4
8.5
8. 7
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.7
3.9
3.9
3. 9
3.9
3.9
3. 9
3, 9
3.8
3.8
3.8
l See footnote 2, table A-6.
3 See footnote 3, table A-6.
T
a b le
A -6 :
3 Includes fourth class postmasters, excluded from table A-2.
4 Includes the 48 States and the District of Columbia.
Government Civilian Employment in Washington, D.
C .,1
by Branch and Agency Group
[In thousands]
Federal
Year and month
District of
Total
Columbia
government government
Executive s
Total
Defense
agencies *
Post Office
Department
67.5
83.8
8.1
8.3
137.8
150.0
7.7
7.9
14.2
150.5
149.3
148.9
7.9
148.1
148.3
147.9
148.0
147.4
146.9
148.1
147.1
145.0
143.2
1950: Average— ____________
1951: Average___________ ____
242.3
271.4
20.3
20.1
222. 2
251.1
213.4
242.1
1951: October______
274.0
273.5
279.2
20.3
20.7
20. 5
253.7
252. 8
258.7
244.8
243.9
249.6
272.0
273. 0
272.7
273. 1
273. 0
272.7
275.5
274.3
271.8
269.6
20.5
251. 5
252. 4
252. 1
252.7
252. 5
252.2
255.4
254. 7
251. 7
249.2
242. 5
243.4
243. 0
243.5
243. 1
242.8
246. 0
245.2
242. 1
239.7
— - ---November ____ December____
____ -
1952: January . -
February___ — - -March . — — April . . . __
__M ay___June____- _______________
J u ly ____________________
August . _________ ______
September, _
_ - October. --------- ------ ---------
20.6
20. 6
20.4
20.5
20.5
20.1
19.6
20.1
20.4
i Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Metro
politan area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia
counties).
* Includes all executive agencies (except the Central Intelligence Agency),
Government corporations, Federal Reserve Banks, and mixed-ownership
banks of the Farm Credit Administration. Civilian employment in navy
yards, arsenals, hospitals, and on force-account construction is included in
total for executive agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All other
agencies
All agencies
86.6
86.7
86. 5
86. 5
87. 1
87.1
87.4
87.6
87.8
89.7
89.9
89.0
88.4
8.0
8.0
8. 1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.1
Legislative
Judicial
8.1
0.7
.7
8.2
8.2
.7
.7
.7
8.3
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.4
.5
8.7
8
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.8
8. 7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.7
.8
.8
.8
3 Covers civilian employees of the Department of Defense (Secretary of
Defense, Army, Navy, and Air Force), National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics, Canal Zone Government, Selective Service System, National
Security Resources Board, National Security Council, and War Claims
Commission.
NOTE.—Government payroll statistics, which are collected monthly by
the Civil Service Commission, will no longer be published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T able
677
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
A-7: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments for Selected States 1
[In thousands]
1952
1951
State
Annual
average
1947
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Alabama___________
Arizona2__________
Arkansas___________
California__________
Colorado 2__________
678.7
196.8
312.2
3, 793. 5
428.3
668. 7
192.4
309.3
3, 775. 7
426.8
634.6
192.0
307.9
3, 655. 9
413.2
633.1
192.8
306.1
3, 620.5
406.6
663.5
190.6
305.6
3, 561. 7
405.4
663.2
190.3
301.8
3,537.1
399.3
660.4
190.6
300.4
3, 536.0
396.7
658.9
189.1
299.3
3, 528.2
395.3
656.2
188.0
300.1
3, 517.1
395.7
667.8
189.4
315.8
3,646.7
410.2
646.7
185.5
313.3
3, 598.0
407.7
662.8
182.8
315.6
3, 627.2
407.9
659.2
179.5
318.1
3, 630.9
407.6
145.2
283.0
3,080.0
330.5
Connecticut A .. .
District of Columbia-.
Florida_____________
Georgia................. ........
Idaho 2---- ---------------
846.7
523.2
714.2
874.1
142.0
838.7
522.9
706.0
870.5
140.4
834.5
524.9
704.9
858.3
138.1
845.2
523.4
719.4
862.6
135.9
840.5
521.5
725.1
860.0
132.3
842.5
522.1
746.3
859.1
130.1
839.7
520.6
757.8
851.7
127.7
837.0
520.5
756.9
849.6
127.0
836.4
519.7
756.2
852.7
128.2
862.5
535.4
754.2
876.9
137.9
843.4
527.2
726.2
863.8
139.3
837.7
524.5
708.2
858. 6
141.1
831.8
527.9
694.7
854.8
143.0
631.8
740.0
121.7
Illinois_____________ 3,343. 2
Indiana____________ 1,383. 6
640.3
Iowa. ___________
Kansas 2____ _______
550.5
673.4
Louisiana___________
3,315. 6
1,343.4
634.3
545.8
667.1
3,276. 5
1,250. 6
638.9
541.9
663.3
3, 293.3
1,301.4
639.5
546.7
665.0
3,295.2
1,339. 0
632.4
535.3
649.3
3,291. 7
1,344.6
630.6
532.8
654.7
3,267.0
1,338. 0
619.5
524.0
647.4
3,254.3
1,332.2
620.3
522.1
645.1
3,248. 5
1,334.1
621.0
519.5
649.4
3,346.8
1,373. 7
643.3
533.9
673. 6
3,304. 5
1,359.2
637.2
526.1
666.3
3,310. 6
1,369.0
642.6
525.7
660.1
3,297. 0
1,377.9
645. 8
523.8
662. 9
3,148.1
1,188.6
570.9
423.2
286.5
776.1
1,793. 7
854.1
1,285.4
286.4
778.8
1, 784.6
841.5
1,262. 0
283.2
738.6
1,766.6
814.5
1,238. 8
279.1
741.0
1, 778.0
803.4
1,262.0
268.5
751.5
1,759.2
824.9
1,252. 5
259.8
746.4
1,768.0
813.7
1,244.4
261.9
744.6
1, 756. 5
810.4
1,242. 9
266.8
738.3
1, 755.1
810.5
1,238.9
268.0
733.6
1,76L4
816.4
1,232.3
278.9
757.6
1, 825. 7
842.3
1, 276.2
275.5
756.7
1, 799.4
835.3
1,252. 0
280.1
753.0
1, 793.5
837.0
1, 250. 0
279.5
3 766.4
1,801.1
843.9
1,254.2
262.0
670.8
1, 702.2
770.6
1,116.4
158.2
M ontana................ 337.9
Nebraska2 ________
Nevada____________
64.9
174.8
New Hampshire 2____
New Jersey------------- 1, 724. 7
158.3
334.6
66.4
177.4
1,712.2
158.2
333. 9
65.8
175.1
1, 687.4
157.4
331.3
63.4
172.2
1, 696.3
154.5
328.6
61.1
168. 3
1,684. 6
149.8
325.6
58.9
166.7
1, 669. 5
144.1
322.1
56.9
167.4
1,664.2
143.3
322.0
56.0
168.2
1, 657.3
144.6
321.1
55.6
168.4
1, 656.1
151.0
338.7
58.8
171.9
1, 705.0
151.7
334.1
59.0
170.4
1, 682.9
154.6
333.5
60.4
173.3
1,669. 6
155.8
331.5
61.2
174.8
1, 689. 9
136.4
295.5
53.4
166.7
1,613. 5
New Mexico2. . ____
172.3
NewYork--. ___ _ 6, 014. 5
North Carolina______ 1,013.3
117.4
North Dakota 2______
516.1
Oklahoma_________
170.6
5,942. 7
999.1
116.8
512.9
169.3
5, 861. 2
978.1
116.7
511.3
169.1
5,840.2
981.0
115.9
511.6
166.1
5,829.1
972.3
114.9
506.3
164.7
5,818.0
975.1
110.2
507.4
163.5
5,807.1
969.1
106.8
503.5
161.7
5, 785.8
969.5
106.0
505.1
160.2
5, 787.9
976.3
106.1
505.6
164.1
5,987. 8
1,002. 8
113.0
518.7
162.1
5, 887. 9
985.7
114.1
510.7
162.7
5, 874.4
983.8
114.8
511.2
163.4
5, 896. 3
981.1
115.0
508.4
121.7
5,557. 7
863.6
99.1
433.6
478.9
Oregon
..........
Pennsylvania_______ 3, 757.2
305.6
Rhode Island-.South Carolina______
519.1
123.6
South Dakota_______
479.7
3, 693. 7
298.5
516.3
124.6
469.8
3,414.2
293.3
509.6
124.1
468.5
3,470.1
296. 8
510.1
124.3
438.1
3, 676. 9
294.9
507.3
122.4
445.7
3, 673.6
298.8
509.8
119.7
431.2
3, 670. 6
297.8
506.2
118.2
424.7
3,653.0
297.8
499.8
117.6
420.2
3, 659. 5
297.2
499.4
117.7
448.0
3,773.8
305.3
511.6
124.1
453.8
3, 729. 3
301.6
500.1
124.5
463.3
3, 734. 7
295.5
499.2
125.8
476.4
3, 744. 8
295.2
498.2
125.9
417.4
3, 628.3
293.7
426.1
110.2
803.3
Tennessee__________
Texas---------------------- 2,199. 0
Utah_______________
222.3
Vermont2_______ _
100.0
Virginia__________ . .
889.3
797.0
2,194. 3
219.6
100.2
886.9
789.3
2,177.3
212.6
99.1
874.6
787.1
2,166. 4
212.4
98.9
876.0
782.8
2,135. 6
211.4
98.5
869.7
779.4
2,130. 7
208.1
98.2
870. 7
773.2
2,114.2
203.1
98.2
862.2
768.0
2,106. 9
202.2
98.0
862.2
771.1
2,104. 7
201.4
97.6
865.1
795.8
2,161.8
212.2
100.7
893. 5
783.8
2,128. 7
211.9
98.9
881.4
788.8
2,121.8
213.6
99.1
882.8
792.6
2,119.5
218.3
99.9
879.8
700.5
1,734.0
179.7
9S.6
Washington2________
766.0
West Virginia_______
519.0
Wisconsin 2 ________ 1, 088.8
Wyoming 2_________
89.6
759.0
516. 7
1,061. 8
93.4
750.7
499.8
1, 074.3
91.9
733.5
512.0
1,068.1
90.1
714.8
519.8
1,049. 5
86.4
722.9
521.1
1,043. 6
82.8
709.4
517. 6
1, 034. 7
80.7
695.4
516.8
1,037. 0
80.5
686.9
519. 0
1,034.3
81.0
730.4
534.9
1,068. 5
83.6
732.3
530.6
1,055. 6
84.9
745.4
532.2
1,060. 8
86.1
754.0
534.1
1, 076. 6
86.9
M aine..- __________
Maryland-.
.........
Massachusetts2. . Minnesota--------------Missouri2__________
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
more detailed industry data. See table A-8 for addresses of cooperating
State agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 Revised series; not comparable with data previously published.
3 Not comparable with preceding data shown,
773.7
659.9
984.5
72.7
678
M ONTHLY LABOR
A: EM PLOYM ENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
A-8: Employees in Manufacturing Industries, by State 1
[In thousands]
1951
1952
State
Alabama___ _ _____
Arizona2 _ __
Arkansas ___
___
California__________
Colorado 2 --------------Connecticut2 — Delaware.
District of Columbia-Florida_____________
Georgia____________
Idaho
_________
Illinois_____________
Indiana__ _______
Iowa.
____ _______
Kansas----- -------------Kentucky 2 __
___
Louisiana — -------Maine
- -------Maryland
- —
Massachusetts2- ---Michigan... --- _ ---Minnesota__ — - -Mississippi-------------Missouri2-- ---------Montana------- ------Nebraska— -------- -Nevada----- -------New Hampshire2-----New Jersey----- --------New Mexico2- . ___
New York
---North Carolina— ---North Dakota 2_____
Ohio_______________
Oklahoma__________
Oregon_____________
Pennsvlvania_______
Rhode Island_______
South Carolina
.South Dakota 2______
Tennessee — - _____
Texas--- _______ _
Utah______________
Vermont.......................
V irgin ia-.------. . .
Washington 2_______
West Virginia----------Wisconsin- ___ . . . .
Wyoming_____
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
232.0
29.0
78.2
1, 028. 9
70.1
429.3
64.5
17.3
105.1
309.3
28.4
1, 244. 6
638.8
164.9
139.9
145.8
154.7
122. 7
276. 5
717.6
1, 090.8
223. 5
98.4
404.1
19.7
62.0
4.0
81.3
784.0
16.2
2,042. 9
445.0
6.5
1, 298. 0
80.7
155.3
1, 502. 6
146.1
222.3
11.2
276.7
423.6
36.5
37.9
249.9
212.8
137.5
475.6
7.2
228.2
27.7
76.8
1,038.9
68.2
422.0
63.4
17.3
103.6
305.9
28.5
1,230. 7
606.2
164.0
136.0
145.6
152.4
123.1
280.4
713.1
1, 004. 6
219.4
96.0
392.1
19.2
61.0
4.1
81.2
769.5
16.1
1,981.9
436.0
6.5
1, 247.8
79.4
160.4
1, 464.1
140.5
221.8
11.3
273.4
420.7
32.7
37.7
249.7
207.5
135.5
453.6
7.2
204.1
27.7
76.6
970.6
59.1
415.3
58.3
17.4
102.9
296.7
27.8
1,192. 2
520.9
169.3
134.0
138.1
149.8
120.1
242.5
693.6
989.6
215.1
95.0
375.4
19.0
61.1
4.0
79.8
745.2
15.7
1,888. 7
415.5
6.6
1,154. 0
78.3
153.5
1, 252.4
135.0
216.8
11.5
266.9
416.1
27.8
36.8
241.1
202.1
129.1
468.3
7.2
204.0
27.9
76.3
945.0
58.2
426.9
58.5
17.4
106.4
300.8
25.9
1, 215. 5
564.6
168.6
136.6
142.5
150.5
118.6
242.1
702.2
1, 065. 3
205.8
95.5
391.4
18.4
58.5
3.9
79.8
760.1
15.6
1,883. 5
416.7
6.6
1, 210.1
77.9
154.7
1, 255. 2
137.6
215.9
11.4
267.4
414.1
27.4
37.3
239.9
189.2
130.7
464.2
6.9
229.6
27.4
75.9
938.7
46.2
427.7
58.1
17.4
108.8
301.9
23.1
1, 229.8
599.2
167.2
130.9
146.1
148. 5
111. 1
254. 6
694.1
1,066.1
206.2
93.6
384.5
18.0
59.4
3.8
79.0
758.1
15.0
1, 908.0
413.0
6.4
1, 265. 7
75.1
130.1
1,452.4
137.2
214.6
11.1
265.2
411.1
29.1
37.5
239.7
176.8
133.4
456.7
6.3
April
March
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
230.3
26.9
74.8
934.3
64.0
430.0
57.4
17.3
111.1
300.3
20.7
1, 244.9
610.2
167.8
132.3
146.7
143.8
106.9
251.9
711.1
1,066.8
205.6
93.7
382.0
17.4
58.6
3.7
79.2
760.5
14.7
1,931. 2
415.8
6.2
1, 273. 2
77.7
140.7
1, 457.8
141.6
216.3
10.9
262.2
414.1
29.7
38.4
240.8
187.8
133.1
456.7
6.3
231.7
26.7
74.1
924.1
65.2
434.5
56.1
17.3
113.1
301.0
19.7
1, 249. 4
615.3
168. 6
131.7
147.3
141.7
112.1
255.1
719.5
1, 054.1
205.8
93.0
384.8
17.4
58.9
3.7
80.6
763.4
14.6
1, 975.8
417.3
6.1
1, 272.8
77.4
132.6
1, 474. 5
145.1
216.3
10.9
263.0
414.6
29.3
38.8
241.6
183.1
133.1
451.1
6.2
232.4
26.3
75.6
915.6
65.4
434.7
55.9
17.4
112.5
301.7
19.0
1, 246. 3
612.2
169.6
130.4
149.0
144.2
115.8
252. 9
724.9
1,050. 5
205.6
91.9
382.7
17.2
58.1
3.6
81.8
762.2
14.3
1, 974. 7
424.4
6.2
1, 274. 6
77.7
128.6
1, 476. 4
147.0
215. 0
11.0
260.9
416.0
29.2
38.9
242.6
178.8
133.3
453.8
6.2
230.3
26.9
76.0
905.1
65.7
433.5
55.4
17.5
113.0
301.5
19.5
1, 240.0
612.1
169.3
129.1
152.0
144.0
115.3
252.2
725.6
1, 050.9
204.7
92.4
377.9
17.6
57.3
3.7
81.4
756.4
14.3
1, 956. 3
427.8
6.2
1, 273. 7
77.3
123.9
1, 475. 6
145.2
216.3
11.2
260.9
412. 2
29.0
38.4
244.0
173. 2
134.6
449.7
6.4
229.7
25.3
76.1
914.1
68.6
433.9
55.5
17.6
109.2
305.1
21.9
1, 248. 5
614.7
171.4
128.3
153.7
152.3
117.4
255.8
731.3
1,056.8
208.6
93.5
376.8
18.7
59.1
3.7
80.8
762. 5
14.6
1, 966. 9
430.9
6.5
1, 279. 3
77.5
135.6
1, 480. 3
146.2
217.8
11.5
262.8
414.0
30.8
38.7
245.6
183.4
135.6
453.4
6.6
215.9
26.7
77.4
924.2
70.1
430.6
55.9
17.6
106.2
307.1
24.4
1, 245. 5
610.0
170.9
127.4
148.2
153.9
118.0
255.4
731.3
1, 065.8
209.2
93.9
373.4
19.5
58.5
3.6
80.6
761.7
14.9
1, 962. 5
431.2
6.6
1, 273.8
77.7
145.4
1, 474.8
146.1
216.9
12.1
261.4
411.6
32.6
38.5
246.9
189.9
137.0
453.1
7.2
229.6
25.7
81.7
950.3
70.1
426.7
57.5
17.4
102.4
306.0
25.9
1, 245. 4
616.4
169.1
124.8
150.0
145.6
117.7
258.6
730.9
1, 073.8
207.7
94.0
370.2
20.0
58.0
3.7
80.7
747.9
15.1
1, 954. 2
436.2
6.4
1, 275.3
77.0
150.1
1, 482.9
140.2
218.4
12.2
265.2
409.6
34.5
38.2
248.3
200.6
137.4
457.0
7.1
228.3
24.3
82.9
952.4
68.3
422.2
59. 6
17.4
99.6
305.8
27.1
1, 229.8
627.2
171.4
121.9
150.6
147.2
117.7
3 272.8
732.8
1, 083.3
213.9
93.9
376.1
18.6
57.3
3.8
80.4
766.4
14.7
1,964. 9
436.8
6.1
1, 285. 4
75.5
156.6
1, 487.1
140.5
220.0
11.5
267.9
405.6
36.9
38.7
246.8
205.4
139.3
471.2
6.5
1 Data for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available
more detailed industry data.
Cooperating State Agencies:
Alabama—Department of Industrial Relations, Montgomery 5.
Arizona—Unemployment Compensation Division, Employment Security
Commission, Phoenix.
Arkansas—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Little
Rock.
California—Division of Labor Statistics and Research, Department of
Industrial Relations, San Francisco 1.
Colorado—Bureau of Labor Statistics, Room 24, New Customhouse,
Denver 2.
Connecticut—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor,
Hartford 15.
Delaware—Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 1, Pa.
District of Columbia—U. S. Employment Service for D. C., Washington 25.
Florida—Industrial Commission, Tallahassee.
Georgia—Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Atlanta 3.
Idaho—Employment Security Agency, Boise.
Illinois—State Employment Service and Division of Unemployment Com
pensation, Chicago 54.
Indiana—Employment Secruity Division, Indianapolis 9.
Iowa—Employment Security Commission, Des Moines 8.
Kansas—Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Topeka.
Kentucky—Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Economic
Security, Frankfort.
Louisiana—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Baton Rouge 4.
Maine—Employment Security Commission, Augusta.
Maryland—Department of Employment Security, Baltimore 1.
Massachusetts—Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and Indus
tries, Boston 10.
Michigan—Employment Security Commission, Detroit 2.
Minnesota—Division of Employment and Security, St. Paul 1.
Mississippi—Employment Secruity Commission, Jackson.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual
average
1947
224.1
14.7
75.1
721.8
57.5
415.7
47.2
16.8
92.8
273.7
20.5
1.240.4
551.2
149.6
81.5
136.3
151.0
114.5
230.3
722.8
1, 041. 7
199.5
91.9
348.8
18.4
49.3
3.3
82.8
775.3
9.0
1, 903. 7
411.8
6.1
1, 245.1
62.4
132.8
1, 524. 5
153.2
202.1
11.3
253.6
323.6
26.5
39.8
234.5
173.5
137.0
433.1
6.3
2 Revised series; not comparable with data previously published.
3 Not comparable with preceding data shown.
Missouri—Division of Employment Security, Jefferson City.
Montana—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena.
Nebraska—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Lincoln 1.
Nevada—Employment Security Department, Carson City.
New Hampshire—Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor,
Concord.
New Jersey—Department of Labor and Industry, Trenton 8.
New Mexico—Employment Security Commissionj Albuquerque.
New York—Bureau of Research and Statistics, Division of Employment,
New York Department of Labor, New York 18.
North Carolina—Department of Labor, Raleigh.
North Dakota—Unemployment Compensation Division, Bismarck.
Ohio—Bureau of Unemployment Compensation, Columbus 16.
Oklahoma—Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma City 2.
Oregon—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Salem.
Pennsylvania—Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 1
(mfg.); Bureau of Research and Information, Department of Labor and
Industry, Harrisburg (nonmfg.).
Rhode Island—Department of Labor, Providence 3.
South Carolina—Employment Security Commission, Columbia 1.
South Dakota—Employment Security Department, Aberdeen.
Tennessee—Department of Employment Security, Nashville 3.
Texas—Employment Commission, Austin 19.
Utah—Department of Employment Security, Industrial Commission,
Salt Lake City 10.
Vermont—Unemployment Compensation Commission, Montpelier.
Virginia—Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and
Industry, Richmond 19.
Washington—Employment Security Department, Olympia.
West Virginia—Department of Employment Security, Charleston 5.
Wisconsin—Industrial Commission, Madison 3.
Wyoming—Employment Security Commission, Casper.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
679
A : EMPLOYMENT AND P A Y R O L L S
T able A-9: Insured Unemployment Under State Unemployment Insurance Programs,1 by Geographic
Division and State
[In thousands]
Geographic division and
State
1952
July
1951
Sept.
Aug.
Continental United States-------------
687.1
997.6 1,228.5 1,024.9 1,075.5 1,143.9 1,192.3 1,284.1 1,384.1 1,101.6
New England___________________
Maine- __ ______________ .
New Hampshire_______ ____
Vermont-- - _______________
Massachusetts____________ - _
Rhode Island______ _
Connecticut______________ _
72.5
4.1
6.0
2.1
39.1
11.2
10.0
95. 5
5.0
6.0
2.8
50 6
14 7
16.4
116.7
5.6
7.2
3.1
63.8
18.9
18.1
118.3
7.4
7.7
3.9
67.5
18.0
13.8
131.5
12.4
8.8
2.8
73.2
19.8
14.5
135. 2
14.7
9. 6
2.9
73.3
19 3
15. 4
110.3
9.8
7.6
2.3
58.2
18.6
13.8
113.1
9.2
7.0
2.3
61.0
18.6
15.0
123.3
10.2
7.6
3.0
65.3
21.0
16.2
107.4
9.8
7.9
2.3
56 5
18.4
12. 5
Middle Atlantic_______________
New Y o rk _____ ____ _ _ .
New Jersey________________ .
Pennsylvania______________ .
217.8
107.4
31.8
78.6
290.3
136 4
»42.8
111. 1
383.9
190.3
51.5
142.1
355.7
185.2
41.7
128.8
356.4
199.0
50.6
106.8
359. 5
200. 6
51. 0
107. 9
355.3
198 4
50.4
106 5
373.2
209.6
54.7
108.9
415.8
232.6
63.1
120.1
East North Central_____ ____ _
Ohio. —.
_____________ .
Indiana___ __________ _____
Illinois__________________
Michigan______________ _ _
Wisconsin_________________
127.2
23.6
12.4
52.3
29.6
9.3
267.3
39.1
27. 6
78. 2
107.1
15.3
321.8
57.4
46.9
84.3
111.3
21.9
175.4
36.0
19.8
81.6
30.1
7.9
173.0
35.6
17.6
76.1
34.4
9.3
184. 3
36. 7
19. 3
71.3
44 6
12. 4
194 5
42. 8
19 6
55 5
61 1
15 5
226.1
47.8
23.8
63.3
73.7
17.5
West North Central-. ______
Minnesota_____ ________ _ .
I o w a ________ _________
Missouri ...................... _ _
North Dakota______________
South Dakota_______ ___ _
Nebraska______ _________ _ _
Kansas____________________ _
25.1
5.1
6.0
10.9
.2
.2
.7
2.0
36 6
8.0
7.3
16 8
.2
.2
.9
3. 2
40.9
9.7
4.5
21.3
.2
.2
1.2
3.8
30.0
8.2
3.8
14. 2
.2
.2
1.1
2.3
40.7
13.7
4.5
17.3
.4
.4
1.5
2.9
59 2
23. 7
6.1
19 7
2.0
1i
2. 6
4. 0
71 0
26.3
81
21 6
35
18
43
54
Smith Atlantic________________ _
Delaware - - _________________
M aryland_____ ___________
District of Columbia_________
Virginia
________________
West Virginia_____________ _
North Carolina____ ________
South Carolina___________ _
Georgia_____________________
Florida ____________________
79.3
.7
7.2
1.7
6.0
11.9
17.1
6.9
10.6
17.2
105.3
1.3
12. 7
1.8
10. 2
18.4
20. 2
8. 7
14.3
17. 7
128.5
1.5
15.6
1.8
14.5
24.8
26.9
10.8
16.5
16.1
113.6
.8
12.8
1.7
16.0
20.2
27.1
9.6
14.7
10.7
110.1
1.0
14.4
1.9
12.3
16.3
30.4
10.7
13.8
9.3
104.8
1.3
12. 7
2.3
7.1
15. 7
31.8
11. 3
14. 6
8. 0
Ra^t South Central____________
Kentucky ^ _____ __________
Tennessee___________________
Alabama __________________
Mississippi__________________
54.2
14.8
19.1
14.2
6.1
69.4
19.8
21.0
20.0
8.6
83.2
24.8
25.2
24.0
9.2
72.4
21.7
22.8
20.1
7.8
71.8
20.8
26.1
15.9
9.0
West South Central______________
Arkansas____________________
Louisiana ___________________
Oklahoma___ _______________
Texas
____________________
29.6
4.4
10.2
5.7
9.3
39.1
6.4
13.9
7.4
11.4
41.4
6.9
15.1
7.8
11.6
39.7
5.8
15.4
7.2
11.3
Mountain______________________
Montana___________________
Idaho
____________________
Wyoming ____________ _____
Colorado__________________ _
New Mexico___ ____________
Arizona - ___________________
Utah _____________________
Nevada ___________________
6.1
.4
.7
.1
.6
.8
1.8
1.1
.6
7.7
.5
.9
.2
1.0
1.0
2.2
1.4
.5
9.9
.7
.9
.3
2.1
1.2
1.9
2.3
.5
Pacific
____________________
Washington,________________
Oregon_____________________
California-----------------------------
75.2
12.8
6.9
55.5
86. 7
12.2
6.6
67.9
101.9
11.9
7.2
82.8
May
Oct.
Sept.
939.9
853.0
859.8
845.7
102.2
8.6
8.9
1.9
52 1
17 7
13.0
105.8
7.4
8.0
1.9
52.1
22.4
14.0
106.4
7.5
8.2
1.7
52.7
21.8
14.5
74.5
5.2
6.5
1.4
42.1
8.4
10.9
352.2
219 3
42.8
90.1
316 2
196 0
41.6
78 6
304.2
183.9
46.2
74.1
298.6
178. 2
42.9
77.5
318.4
221.6
34.3
62.5
259.3
49. 7
25.6
73.8
89.3
20.9
213.4
41.8
22.0
57.4
77. 2
15.0
182 2
38.0
19 1
55.8
57 5
11 8
158.7
32.7
13.3
54.6
50.6
7.5
158.0
30.4
15.1
62.1
44.5
5.9
133.6
32.3
$> 7.9
t 71.3
16.1
6.0
76.1
26.7
8.9
24.3
3.7
1.9
5.1
5.5
76. 5
24.0
8.4
28.2
3.1
1.8
4. 7
6.3
51.3
13.9
4.4
24.2
1.8
.9
1.9
4.2
40 6
8.1
2.6
25 0
.6
3
8
3 2
34.4
6.0
2.5
22.4
.1
.2
.5
2.7
30.8
6.3
2.4
18.3
.1
.2
.6
2.9
29.2
6.3
3.5
15.2
.2
.3
.9
2.8
99.8
1.5
9.5
2.8
8.1
14.4
29.3
11.2
14.6
8. 4
106.8
1.7
11.6
3.0
9.3
15.7
28.4
12.2
15.3
9.6
116.9
1.9
13.5
2.7
10.6
16.3
30.2
12.9
17.9
10.9
90.6
1.4
10.0
1.8
7.3
11.3
24.7
10.0
13.9
10.2
84.6
1.1
7.7
1.4
7. 5
9.0
25. 2
9.3
12.9
10. 5
83. 2
1.0
6.7
1. 2
7. 4
8.5
24.2
9.0
11.4
13.8
94.7
1.1
6. 5
1. 4
8. 2
8.5
28. 5
9.6
13.8
17.1
85.3
74. 8
20.8
28.6
15.0
10. 4
78.5
20.1
31.4
14.9
12.1
79.1
19.7
31.4
15.1
12.9
81.4
18.8
35.0
15.6
12.0
66.1
15.5
28.4
13.4
8.8
63.1
14. 9
26.0
15.3
6. 9
51.8
13.5
21.5
11.6
5.2
54.7
13.5
22.7
12.2
6.3
48.9
12.4
16.5
14.2
5.8
46.4
7.4
17.4
8.1
13.5
53.1
11. 3
18.6
9.3
13.9
60.7
14.2
21.0
10.5
15.0
63.3
15.5
21.5
11.2
15.1
58.7
15.1
19. 5
10.7
13.4
42.7
10.5
13.9
7.9
10.4
34.5
7.7
11. 5
6. 5
8.8
29.1
4.9
11.1
5.3
7.8
30.2
4. 5
12.1
5. 5
8.1
41.5
6.9
14.3
8.0
12.3
10.0
.9
.7
.4
2.3
1.2
1.6
2.3
.6
11.4
1.4
1.4
.4
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.1
.9
18.9
3.4
3.3
.8
2.0
2. 2
2. 5
3.5
1.2
28.3
5.9
6.0
1.2
2.4
2.7
3.1
5.4
1.6
31.9
6.8
7.3
1.5
2.7
2.6
3.2
5.8
2.0
30.7
6.1
7.3
1.4
2. 6
2.5
3.0
5.7
2.1
18.8
3. 2
4. 7
.7
1. 4
1.6
2.6
3.2
1.4
10.3
1.4
2.0
.3
10
1.0
2.0
1.7
.9
6.7
.C
.9
.2
.7
.7
1.7
1.3
.6
6.7
.6
.7
1
.7
.9
2.0
1. 2
.5
11.2
1.0
1.0
.3
2.1
1.2
2.9
1.7
1.0
110.1
11.6
5.4
93.1
134.3
15.3
7.9
111.1
154. 2
19.7
12.3
122.2
193.9
28.3
21.4
144.2
214.0
38.4
27.6
148.0
221. 5
46.3
33.2
142.0
159.0
31.1
21.5
106.4
106.5
18.1
12.3
76.1
78.9
10.8
7.6
60.5
79.9
9.6
6.3
64.0
103.2
11.1
6.4
85.7
1 Average of weekly data adjusted for split weeks in the month. For a
technical description of this series, see the April 1950 Monthly Labor Review
(p. 382).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
April
Feb.
Sept.
Nov.
June
Mar.
1950
Jan.
Dec.
.9
10.3
3.0
7.2
13.4
15.1
9.6
8.9
16.9
Figures may not add to exact column totals because of rounding.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security.
MONTHLY LABOR
B : LABOR TURN-OVER
680
B: Labor Turn-Over
T able B -l: Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates (Per 100 Employees) in Manufacturing Industries, by
Class of Turn-Over1
Class of turn-over and year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Deo.
Total separation:
1952
...........................................
1951...................................................
1950........ .........................................
1949...................................................
1948_________________________
1947................................................
1946...................................................
1939....................................... ...........
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.6
4.3
4.9
6.8
3.2
3.9
3.8
3.0
4.1
4.7
4.5
6.3
2.6
3.7
4.1
2.9
4.8
4.5
4.9
6.6
3.1
4.1
4.6
2.8
4.8
4.7
5.2
6.3
3.5
3.9
4.8
3.1
5.2
4.3
5. 4
6.3
3.5
3.9
4.3
3.0
4.3
4.5
4.7
5.7
3.3
5.0
4.4
2.9
3.8
4.4
4.6
5.8
3.3
4.6
5.3
4.2
4.0
5.1
5.3
6.6
3.0
2 4.9
5.1
4.9
4.2
5.4
5.9
6.9
2.8
4.7
4.3
4.1
4. 5
5.0
0.3
2.9
4.3
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.9
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.7
4.5
3.5
Quit:
1952
...................................
1951................................. ......... ......
1950 ................................ ................
1949....................................... ...........
1948.................................. ........ ......
1947.................................................
1946..................................................
1939 3.............................. -................
1.9
2.1
1.1
1.7
2.6
3.5
4.3
.9
1.9
2.1
1.0
1.4
2.5
3.2
3.9
.6
2.0
2.5
1.2
1.6
2.8
3.5
4.2
.8
2.2
2.7
1.3
1.7
3.0
3,7
4.3
.8
2.2
2.8
1.6
1.8
2.8
3.5
4.2
.7
2.2
2.5
1.7
1.5
2.9
3.1
4.0
.7
2.2
2.4
1.8
1.4
2.9
3.1
4.6
.7
3.0
3.1
2.9
1.8
3.4
4.9
5.3
.8
2 3.5
3.1
3.4
2.1
3.9
4.5
5.3
1.1
2.5
2.7
1.5
2.8
3.6
4.7
.9
1.9
2.1
1.2
2.2
2.7
3.7
.8
1.4
1.7
.9
1.7
2.3
3.0
.7
Discharge:
1952
1951______________ __________
1950____ ___________ ________ _
1949_________________________
1948 ................................................
1947....... .............. ................... ........
1946_________ _____—.................
1939_____ ______________ ____ -
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.1
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.1
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.1
.3
.4
.2
.2
.4
.4
.4
.1
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.1
.3
.4
.3
.2
.4
.4
.3
.1
.3
3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.4
.1
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.1
2. 4
.3
.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.1
.4
.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.1
Lay-off:
1952
_______ _______________
1951_________________________
1950 ......... .................. ....................
1949 ................... ............................ .
1948 _________________________
1947 .............. ............ ...................
1946 ________________ _____ _
1939 _________ _______________
1. 4
1.0
1.7
2.5
1.2
.9
1.8
2.2
1.3
1.7
2.3
1.7
.8
1.7
1.9
1.1
.8
1.4
2.8
1.2
.9
1. 8
2.2
1.3
1.0
1.2
2.8
1.2
1.0
1.4
2.6
1.1
1.2
1.1
3.3
1.1
1.4
1.5
2.7
1.1
1.0
.9
2.5
1.1
1.1
1.2
2.5
2.2
1.3
.6
2.1
1.0
1.0
.6
2.5
1.0
1.4
.6
1.8
1.2
.8
.7
2.1
2. 7
1.3
.7
1.8
1.0
.9
1.0
1.6
1.4
.8
2.3
1.2
.9
1.0
1.8
1.7
1. 1
2.5
1.4
.8
.7
2.0
1.6
1.3
2.0
2.2
9
1.0
2.7
Miscellaneous, including military:
1952
....................................
1951_________________________
1950 ______ _____________ ____ _
1949 ___________________ _____
1948_____________________ ____
1947______________ ____ ______
1946 __ _______ ______________
.4
.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
2
2. 3
.4
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.4
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
Total accession:
1952
.............................................
1951.................................................
1950 _________ _______ _______
1949_____ ______________ _____
1948.......... .....................................
1947................................ ..................
1946._______ _________________
1939-...................... .............. ..........
4.4
5.2
3.6
3.2
4.6
6.0
8.5
4.1
3.9
4.4
3.2
2.9
3.9
5.0
6.8
3.1
3.9
4.6
3.6
3.0
4.0
5.1
7.1
3.3
3.7
4.5
3.5
2.9
4.0
5.1
6.7
2.9
3.9
4.5
4.4
3.5
4.1
4.8
6.1
3.3
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.4
5.7
5.5
6.7
3.9
4.4
4.2
4.7
3.5
4.7
4.9
7.4
4.2
5.9
4.5
6.6
4.4
5.0
5.3
7.0
5.1
2 5.7
4.3
5.7
4.1
5.1
5.9
7.1
6.2
4.4
5.2
3.7
4.5
5.5
6.8
5.9
3.9
4.0
3.3
3.9
4.8
5.7
4.1
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.7
3.6
4.3
2.8
.8
1Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing indus
tries as indicated by labor turn-over rates are not comparable with the changes
shown by the Bureau’s employment and payroll reports, for the following
reasons:
(1) Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month;
the employment and payroll reports, for the most part, refer to a 1-week pay
period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
(2) The turn-over sample is not so large as that of the employment and
payroll sample and includes proportionately fewer small plants; certain
Industries are not covered. The major industries excluded are: printing,
publishing, and allied industries; canning and preserving fruits, vegetables
and sea foods; women’s, misses’, and children’s outerwear; and fertilizers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(3) Plants are not included in the turn-over computations in months when
work stoppages are in progress; the influence of such stoppage is reflected,
however, in the employment and payroll figures. Prior to 1943, rates relate
to production workers only.
2 Preliminary figures.
3 Prior to 1940, miscellaneous separations were included with quits.
N o t e : Information on concepts, methodology, and
special studies, etc., is given in a “Technical Note on Labor
Turn-Over,” October 1949, which is available upon re
quest to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
681
B : L A B O R T U R N -O V E R
T able B-2: Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates (Per 100 Employees) in Selected Groups and Industries 1
Separation
Industry group and industry
Total
Sept.
1952
Manufacturing
Durable goods
____ ______________
Nondurable goods »___________ ______
Ordnance and accessories______________
Food and kindred products____________
Meat products____________ ___
Grain-mill products_______________
Bakery products__________ _____
Beverages:
Malt liquors. ____________ ____
Tobacco manufactures________________
Cigarettes.. . . __________________
Cigars___
_ ________________
Tobacco and snufl.................................
Textile-mill products... ______________
Yarn and thread mills ____________
Broad-woven fabric mills.
______
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber_____
Woolen and worsted____ ____
Knitting mills__
______________
Full-fashioned hosiery__________
Seamless hosiery______________
Knit underwear ... . _________
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings__
Apparel and other finished textile products
.
..
____ .. . .
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats_____
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing_________________ .
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
.. ____ _______________
Logging camps and contractors . .
Sawmills and planing mills . ______
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products_________
Furniture and fixtures___ ___________
Household furniture.
__________
Other furniture and fixtures__ ____
Paper and allied products
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills__
Paperboard containers and boxes____
Chemicals and allied products . . ______
Industrial inorganic chemicals______
Industrial organic chemicals _____
Synthetic fibers______________
Drugs and medicines
Paints, pigments, and fillers________
Products of petroleum and coal_________
Petroleum refining________________
Kubber products. . . _______________
Tires and inner tubes___________
Rubber footwear . _______ __
Other rubber products_________ .
Leather and leather products__________
Leather ________ __________ . .
Footwear (except rubber)___ _____
Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Glass and glass products___________
Cement, hydraulic_____________ .
Structural clay products _________
Pottery and related products_______
Primary metal industries__________ ..
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills _ __ ____ . ______________
Iron and steel foundries_____ ______
Gray-iron foundries _________
Malleable-iron foundries___
Steel foundries.
. . . ___
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals:
Primary smelting and refining of
copper, lead, and zinc
___
Rolling,'drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
copper ______ ______________
Nonferrous foundries
___ ______
Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings....................
See footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Quit
August
1952
Sept.
1952
August
1952
Sept.
1952
August
1952
Sept.
1952
Total accession
Mise., inch
military
Lay-off
Discharge
August
1952
Sept.
1952
August
1952
Sept.
1952
August
1952
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.5
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.1
0.4
.3
0.4
.3
0.7
.6
1.2
.8
0.3
.2
0.3
.3
6.1
5.0
6. 4
5.0
5. 0
67
5.7
6. 7
5.3
3.8
6.0
5.4
5. 5
5.3
3.1
4. 6
3.1
5. 4
4.3
2. 4
3. 7
2.7
4. 2
4.2
.6
.4
.6
.8
4
5
5
1.0
1. 5
1. 6
1. 0
.6
.4
1.7
1.9
ß
5
.3
.2
4
1
j[
.2
.2
3
2
44
6.3
5.7
4A7
6.1
3.5
7.0
6.2
6.8
4.9
89
3.9
3.8
4.3
2.9
4.2
4.9
4.6
4.3
7. 2
3.8
3.6
3. 3
3. 8
3.0
3.0
7.4
4.1
4.8
4.0
2.9
4.1
4. 6
4.5
4. 4
4. 6
4.0
3. 6
4. 0
4. 3
2.5
3.4
5.2
2.9
2.3
3.6
2.0
2.8
3. 2
3.0
3.1
2. 3
2.8
2. 8
2. 3
3.1
1. 6
1.9
3.5
2.9
2. 5
3.3
1.9
2. 7
2. 7
2. 9
3.0
2. 0
3. 0
2. 8
3.0
3. 4
1.6
2.4
.4
.4
.5
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.5
.2
.2
.1
.1
.3
.4
3
.4
.5
.4
.3
.3
.2
4
3
6
J2
J2
3.4
.6
1.3
.2
.5
.8
1. 6
.8
.7
1. 5
.6
.4
8
6
3
.3
3
.2
.4
.3
3.2
.4
.7
.2
.2
.8
1.3
.9
.5
4.0
.6
.4
.8
.6
.8
.3
.4
.4
3.6
4.6
3.6
5.4
4.3
4. 7
4.8
4. 8
4.9
3.6
4.6
3.1
4.7
5.6
3.9
4.0
2.6
4.7
5.8
4.8
2.0
5.3
6.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.0
3.6
4.6
6.8
4.2
3.3
5.9
4.2
5.5
4.2
5.3
3.6
4.6
3.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.1
.4
.7
.1
.3
.2
.1
6.7
4.0
6.2
5.3
6.5
6.2
5.9
5.4
.2
.3
.3
.4
.1
.1
7.0
7.1
7.0
11. 3
6.4
5.7
11.4
4.8
5.6
8.4
5.6
4.5
10.0
3.9
.3
.4
.2
.3
.5
3
.8
2.4
.3
.7
.6
.4
.3
.1
.3
.2
.3
.2
6.0
7.4
5.8
5.6
11.1
4. 8
4.4
6.2
6. 6
5. 0
4. 5
3.5
6.3
3.5
3.9
3.1
4. 2
3.2
3.8
2.2
1.4
3.6
2.6
4.3
4.5
5.3
3.8
5.6
3.9
4.4
3.5
4.4
4.3
3.5
5.2
6.1
6. 4
5. 7
4.0
3.0
5.5
2.5
3.2
2.3
2.2
2. 4
3.8
2.0
1.0
3.3
2.1
3.4
4. 7
5.3
4.5
5.4
3.4
3.6
3.5
4.5
2.8
3.4
3.5
4.8
5.1
4. 1
3. 4
2.5
5.2
2.5
3.1
1.7
.8
2.5
3.0
1.8
1. 1
2.7
1.9
3.1
3.3
4.4
2.8
4.7
2.5
2.2
2.6
3.4
2.8
2.6
3.4
4.6
4. 8
3. 9
3.0
2.2
4.3
1.6
2.1
1.2
1.0
1.9
2.3
1.3
.7
2.2
1.4
2.5
3.0
4.1
2.3
4.4
2. 2
2.0
2.8
3.3
2.0
2.4
.3
.5
.6
.2
.5
.3
.7
.3
.3
.3
.1
.1
.5
3
.6
7
4
1.1
.7
.6
1.1
.3
.2
.4
.5
.4
.7
.9
.3
1.0
.3
.1
.6
.3
(4)
1.1
.7
1.8
.5
.6
1.1
.1
.5
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.3
1.0
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.3
.5
.1
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.3
.3
.7
. 3.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.1
.3
4.7
7.0
7.8
5.4
4.5
2.9
7.0
2.9
2.7
3.5
6.6
1.1
3.4
2.1
1.1
4.9
2.4
5.6
7.2
5.1
4.1
5.3
4.9
7.0
2.6
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.8
7.3
8.2
5.3
4.6
2.8
6.2
2.5
2.3
2.4
3.9
1.3
3.1
1.5
1.0
3.9
1.7
7.7
5.2
5.2
4. 7
5.3
5.7
9.8
3.7
5.2
3.0
4.4
2.7
5.0
4.5
4.9
5.6
3.1
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.4
2.2
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.7
3.6
2.5
2.4
5.8
3.51
9
.3
1
3
(4)
W
.2
.5
.1
.2
.3
.1
.4
.4
.5
.2
.2
.1
.4
.3
.2
.4
.4
.4
.2
.2
.1
.3
.4
(4)
.2
.1
.2
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.6
.3
.2
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
.6
.6
.5
.3
.4
.2
.5
.3
.9
3.2
.4
.1
.2
.1
.3
.3
(4)
.5
.3
.5
.3
.8
1.4
.2
.2
.8
.3
2.4
3.0
2.8
2.6
3.3
.1
.6
.6
.5
.6
.1
.5
.4
.7
.5
.1
.8
.4
1.0
1.0
.2
.4
.5
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
2.7
4. 9
5. 3
5. 9
4.1
4.0
5. 3
5. 9
5. 0
4. 9
2.8
1.8
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
2.8
3.0
2.7
4. 7
1.5
3.9
1.8
2.8
.3
1.0
.3
.5
.2
.4
.2
1.1
.4
.5
.4
.3
3.6
8.3
3.1
6. 2
4.6
2.4
2.1
.4
.3
.3
1.9
.4
.3
6.6
3.8
(4)
(4)
.5
.2
.4
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
(4)
682
MONTHLY LABOR
B : L A B O R T U R N -O V E R
T able B-2: Monthly Labor Turn-Over Rates (Per 100 Employees) in Selected Groups and Indus
tries 1—Continued
Separation
Sept.
1952
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transportation
equipment)________________________
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware___
Cutlery and edge tools...............
Hand tools________ ____ ______
Hardware__________ ____ ______
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies. ____ ____
Sanitary ware and plumbers’
supplies ______ ________ . ___
Oil burners, nonelectric heating
and cooking apparatus, not
elsewhere classified _________
Fabricated structural metal products..
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving................................................
Machinery (except electrical)___________
Engines and turbines_________ ____
Agricultural machinery and tractors.._
Construction and mining machinery..
Metalworking machinerv__________
Machine tools _______________
Metalworking machinery (except
machine tools)_______________
Machine-tool accessories________
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)............. .
General industrial machinery_______
Office and store machines and devices..
Service-industry and household rnachines ___ __________ ________
Miscellaneous machinery parts. ___
Electrical machinery__________________
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparatus___ _______ ______ ________
Communication equipment_________
Radios, phonographs, television
sets, and equipment. . . ______
Telephone and telegraph equipm en t______________ _____ _
Electrical appliances, lamps, and
miscellaneous products...............
Transportation equipment___________ .
Automobiles........................ ..................
Aircraft and parts................ ................
Aircraft________ ____________
Aircraft engines and parts_______
Aircraft propellers and parts____
Other aircraft parts and equipment______________________
Ship- and boatbuilding and repairing..
Railroad equipm ent..........................
Locomotives and parts_________
Railroad and streetcars_________
Other transportation equipment-.......
Instruments and related products_______
Photographic apparatus____________
Watches and clocks_______________
Professional and scientific instruments— .................................... ..........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..
Nonmanufacturing
Metal m ining..............................................
Iron mining.................. .... ...................
Copper mining......... .............................
Lead and zinc mining_____________
Anthracite mining........................................
Bituminous-coal mining_______________
Communication:
Telephone.............. ................................
Telegraph____ _________ __________
Quit
Total
Industry group and industry
4.8
3.5
1.8
3.3
3.8
August
1952
5.1
3.5
3.2
2.9
3.7
Sept.
1952
August
1952
3.4
2.4
1.4
2.1
2.7
August
1952
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
3.1
2.3
2.7
1.6
2.5
0.4
.3
.3
.2
.3
Sept.
1952
August
1952
0.7
.5
.1
.7
.5
1.3
.6
.2
.9
.6
Sept.
1952
0.3
.3
.1
.2
.3
August
1952
0.3
.3
(4)
Sept.
1952
August
1952
.2
.3
7.0
4.2
2.2
3.0
5.1
7.5
6.4
4.4
10.9
5.3
6.1
5.6
4.3
3.9
.8
.6
.8
.9
.2
.2
8.0
7.3
4.8
4.6
3.1
3.1
.8
.6
.6
.7
.3
.2
5.9
5.7
7.2
4.4
6.8
4.7
5.2
3.5
4.6
3.1
.8
.4
.7
.4
1.0
.3
1.2
1.0
.2
.2
.3
.2
9. 6
5.9
8.6
4.2
5.9
4.4
4.9
(5)
4.4
3.7
3.5
5.9
6.0
4.1
27.2
4.1
3.5
3.3
3.6
2.6
2.8
(5)
3.4
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.3
2.5
2.1
2.9
2.5
2.5
.3
.4
.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
(5)
.3
.3
.2
2.0
3.1
.9
24.4
.6
.4
.1
.6
.2
.3
.5
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.2
.2
.3
.5
.3
.3
.5
.2
.2
.3
10.1
4.5
3.7
(5)
4.2
3.4
3.0
9.8
5.6
6.5
21.1
3.7
3.0
2.9
3.9
4.3
2.8
5.0
2.7
3.2
2.2
2.8
.4
.5
.4
.4
.6
.4
.1
1.6
.2
.2
.1
.2
3.7
4.1
3.0
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.1
4.7
4.0
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.4
2.4
1.6
.4
.4
.3
.3
.4
.2
.5
.4
.6
1.8
.9
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
4.1
3.4
2.5
2.6
3.1
2.4
4.6
3.3
4.3
3.5
3.0
3.7
3.0
2.3
3.3
2.1
2.1
2.6
.3
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
1.1
.3
.3
.6
.3
.5
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
6.9
4.1
7.0
6.7
5.2
5.2
3.4
4.6
2.7
4.3
2.4
3.9
1.7
3.4
.2
.3
.1
.5
.5
.1
.6
.1
.3
.3
.3
.3
7.2
6.5
2.4
7.6
4.9
4.6
3.9
3.3
.5
.7
.2
.2
.3
.4
7.9
9.6
4.1
3.3
3.5
2.7
.1
.1
.1
.5
.4
4.3
3.2
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.6
3.6
2.8
4.3
5.3
4.0
4.5
4.8
3.7
2.1
4.2
3.8
3.2
4.3
4.8
2.8
2.3
3.0
3.1
2.1
3.7
4.0
2.7
1.8
.6
.5
.5
.4
.4
.6
.3
.5
.4
.2
.4
.4
.6
.2
.5
1.3
1.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.4
.6
.3
.3
.2
.1
.3
.5
.6
.3
.3
.3
.1
9.0
8.2
9.9
5.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
6.6
9.8
14.7
5.1
5.0
5.3
3.1
5.8
(5)
4.5
3.0
8.0
4.3
3.2
4.0
(5)
2.6
1.9
4.2
3.4
2.6
.4
.7
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.3
.2
.3
.4
.6
.6
.5
.2
.5
.2
.2
9.5
(5)
6. 5
4.7
10.4
6.0
5.1
2.0
2.9
5.8
2.4
1.8
3.2
2.8
1.7
1.7
2.0
.6
2.4
3.8
11.6
9.4
2.5
18.7
3.9
2.5
2.0
2.3
5.4
6.0
10.4
5.4
4.4
6.9
7.1
3.0
1.3
6.0
3.4
5.6
3.2
2.7
6.0
3.0
2.9
4.3
2.8
1.6
4.5
2.3
.3
.3
.1
.2
.4
.1
.1
.7
.1
.2
.8
.3
.1
.3
.2
.7
.3
.3
6.6
7.9
4.9
3.3
7.5
6.7
7.9
3.9
7.0
5.8
2.6
2.6
7.3
4.3
5.7
5.7
2.3
2.7
6.0
3.3
6.1
5.4
2.0
2.2
5.3
2.0
5.2
4.7
1.3
1.7
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.2
.2
.3
.1
1.1
.1
.1
(4)
.3
.3
1.0
1.6
(4)
.4
.8
.7
.3
.3
.5
.2
.3
.1
.4
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
6.2
2.3
5.5
4.4
1.9
2.1
6.7
4.8
5.5
4.0
1.3
2.3
.1
.1
(5)
(5)
( 5)
(5)
«
2.6
2.6
( 5)
(«)
(5)
1 See footnote 1, table B -l. Data for the current month are subject to
revision without notation; revised figures for earlier months will be indicated,
by footnotes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sept.
1952
Mise., inch
military
Lay-off
Discharge
2.2
1.9
(5)
(5)
0
)
(4)
«
(5)
(5)
.4
.2
.8
.2
.2
.2
( 4)
.1
«
(4)
.5
.8
.9
.1
.1
(4)
.1
.9
(6)
.9
.2
2.5
.2
.3
( 5)
( 4)
(5)
(4)
.2
4.7
6.0
(5)
( 4)
14.2
.5
.2
.1
( 5)
( 4)
.2
.4
.6
.7
.5
.5
.1
(!)
(*)
2 See footnote 2, table A-2.
3 See footnote 3, table A-2. Printing, publishing,
and allied industries are excluded.
.1
.2
( s)
0)
(5)
2.3
3.1
* Less than 0.05,
¡Not available,
C: E A R N I N G S A N D
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
683
HOURS
C: Earnings and Hours
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1
Mining
Metal
Year and month
1950: Average-------- $55. 58
1951: Average........... 74.60
Copper
Iron
Total: Metal
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Coal
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
42.2 $1.554 $51.96
43.6 1. 711 72.63
40.9 $1. 515 $72.05
42.5 1.709 78.19
Lead and zinc
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Anthracite
Avg. Avg, Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Bituminous
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
45.0 $1.601 $66.64
46.1 1.696 76.20
41.6 $1. 602 $63. 24
43.0 1. 772 66. 60
32.1 $1. 970 $70.35
30.3 2.198 77.86
35.0
35.2
$2.010
2.212
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
76.43
76.10
74.43
79.43
44.1
44.4
43.4
44.4
1.733
1.714
1.715
1.789
76. 56
76.79
73.06
76.83
43.8
44. 7
42.5
43.9
1.748
1.718
1. 719
1. 750
79.20
78.15
77.74
84.38
46.7
46.3
46.0
46.8
1.696
1.688
1.690
1.803
75.66
75. 55
74.44
81. 52
42.6
42.9
42.2
43.2
1.776
1.761
1.764
1.887
60. 36
78.24
81.84
69.98
27.2
35.1
36.8
31.1
2. 219
2.229
2.224
2. 250
81.61
80.62
81.09
86.28
36.5
36.3
36.2
38.4
2. 236
2. 221
2.240
2.247
1952: January-------February____
March______
April_______
May________
June..............
July________
August______
September----
79.12
79. 25
80.59
77.67
80. 45
79. 32
80. 38
82.89
87.49
44.3
44.1
44.5
43.1
44.4
42.6
43.1
45.0
45.9
1.786
1.797
1.811
1.802
1.812
1.862
1.865
1.842
1.906
74. 57
76.32
78.42
72. 33
77.80
50.12
70. 58
84. 46
86.15
44.1
44.4
45.2
42.3
45.1
29.5
41.2
47.0
45.8
1.691
1.719
1.735
1.710
1.725
1.699
1.713
1.797
1.881
86.11
84.50
84. 69
82.43
83. 57
83.36
84.18
85. 22
96.09
46.7
46.0
45. 9
44.8
45.2
44.6
44.8
45.4
49.0
1.844
1.837
1.845
1.840
1.849
1.869
1.879
1.877
1.961
83.02
81.90
82. 45
80.20
82. 52
81.28
80. 21
80. 73
83. 59
43.4
42.7
42.7
41.9
42.6
42.2
41.8
42.4
43.9
1.913
1.918
1.931
1.914
1.937
1.926
1. 919
1.904
1.904
73.58
68.97
67.00
62.52
74.69
66.67
59.35
66.15
78. 27
32.6
30.9
30.1
28.1
33.3
30.1
26.7
29.4
34.8
2. 257
2.232
2.226
2.225
2.243
2. 215
2. 223
2. 250
2.249
86.39
80. 27
79. 26
66.68
70. 25
64.30
63.45
81.80
90. 60
38.5
35.9
35.4
29.9
31.8
28.5
28.1
36.7
40.0
2.244
2.236
2.239
2.230
2.209
2.256
2.258
2.229
2. 265
M ining—Oontinued
Contract construction
Crude petroleum and
natural gas production
Nonbuilding construction
Nonmetallic mining
Petroleum and
and quarrying
natural gas production
(except contract
services)
1950: Average-------- $73. 69
1951: Average_____ 79.67
40.6 $1,815 $59. 88
40.9 1. 948 67.19
Total: Contract con
struction
44.0 $1,361 $73. 73
45.0 1.493 81. 71
Total: Nonbuilding
construction
Highway and street
Other nonbuilding
construction
37.2 $1.982 $73.46
37.9 2.156 80.82
40.9 $1. 796 $69.17
40.8 1.981 74.66
41.1 $1,683 $76.31
41.0 1.821 85.06
40.7
40.6
$1,875
2.095
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
83.68
78.93
79.02
83. 85
41.8
40.5
40.4
41.8
2.002
1.949
1.956
2.006
70.63
71. 72
68.35
67.32
46.1
47.0
44.5
44.0
1.532
1.526
1. 536
1.530
85.19
86.26
81.66
83.83
38.9
39.3
36.8
37.9
2.190
2.195
2. 219
2.212
84.72
86.61
79.30
79.08
41.9
42.6
38.7
38.9
2.022
2.033
2.049
2.033
78.81
81. 75
71.73
70. 56
42.1
43.6
38.4
38.2
1.872
1. 875
1.868
1.847
89. 20
90.42
84.72
84. 75
41.7
41.9
38.9
39.4
2.139
2.158
2.178
2.151
1952: January_____
February____
March______
A pril_______
May________
June________
July________
August______
September___
84.53
82.29
84. 57
83.10
81.93
85.53
85.85
86.36
89. 46
41.7
40.8
41.6
41.1
40.6
41.3
41.0
40.6
41.3
2.027
2.017
2.033
2.022
2.018
2.071
2.094
2.127
2.166
66.69
67.60
67. 50
69.31
70.74
71.31
70. 45
72. 60
73.76
43.7
44.3
43.8
44.8
45.7
45.8
44.9
45.6
45.7
1.526
1.526
1. 541
1.547
1.548
1.557
1.569
1. 592
1.614
84. 74
85.95
83. 51
85.20
85.81
87.35
87. 78
89. 53
91.74
37.9
38.3
37.1
38.0
38.6
39.4
39.1
39.3
39.8
2.236
2. 244
2. 251
2.242
2. 223
2. 217
2. 245
2. 278
2.305
81.26
82.73
79.46
82.43
84.42
86.72
86. 36
89. 38
93.31
39.6
40.2
38.5
39.8
41.2
42.2
41.8
42.1
43.4
2.052
2.058
2.064
2.071
2.049
2.055
2.066
2.123
2.150
71.84
73.34
68.03
73.64
78. 64
80.68
81.76
83.85
88.86
39.3
39.6
37.5
39.7
42.1
42.8
43.1
43.0
44.7
1.828
1.852
1.814
1.855
1. 868
1.885
1.897
1.950
1.988
86.64
88.01
85. 76
88.00
89.00
91.49
90.17
93. 75
96.97
39.8
40.5
39.0
39.8
40.6
41.7
40.8
41.3
42.4
2.177
2.173
2.199
2.211
2.192
2.194
2. 210
2. 270
2.287
Contract construction—Continued
Building construction
Special-trade contractors
Total: Building con
struction
1950: Average......... . $73. 73
1951: Average_____ 82.10
General contractors
Total: Special-trade Plumbing and heating
contractors
Painting and
decorating
Electrical work
36.3 $2. 031 $68. 56
37.3 2.201 75.10
35.8 $1,915 $77. 77
36.6 2.052 87.20
36.7 $2.119 $81.72
37.8 2.307 91.26
38.4 $2.128 $71.26
39.2 2.328 78.65
35.4 $2.013 $89.16
35.8 2.197 102.21
38.4
40.1
$2. 322
2. 549
1951: September___
O ctober.----November___
December___
85.42
86.20
82. 26
84.94
38.2
38.5
36.4
37.7
2. 236
2.239
2.260
2. 253
77.79
79.66
76.06
77.98
37.4
38.3
36.2
37.4
2.080
2.080
2.101
2.085
91.14
90.94
86.58
89.51
38.8
38.6
36.5
37.8
2. 349
2.356
2.372
2.368
93.89
94.60
91.18
95.92
39.7
39.9
38.2
40.2
2. 365
2.371
2.387
2. 386
80. 27
82.16
78.07
80.31
35.9
36.5
34.3
35.1
2.236
2.251
2. 276
2.288
106.76
105.19
100. 61
106. 28
41.0
40.6
38.8
40.8
2. 604
2.591
2. 593
2. 605
1952: January_____
February____
March.... ........
A pril..............
M a y .......... .
June_____. . .
July________
August______
September___
85.35
86. 60
84. 57
85.92
86.03
87. 50
88.09
89. 59
91.42
37.5
37.9
36.9
37.6
37.9
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.9
2. 276
2. 285
2.292
2.285
2. 270
2. 261
2. 294
2.321
2.350
78.62
79.67
76. 26
80.60
79. 78
82.04
83.81
85. 68
86. 44
37.6
37.9
36.4
38.2
38.3
39.5
39.2
39.5
39.2
2.091
2.102
2.095
2.110
2.083
2.077
2.138
2.169
2. 205
90.00
91.34
90.17
89.30
90.28
91.49
91.26
92. 42
94.89
37.5
37.9
37.2
37.1
37.6
38.2
37.9
38.0
38.7
2. 400 95.92
2.410 94.32
2.424 93. 77
2.407 91.96
2.401 91. 60
2. 395 92.06
2.408 93. 78
2. 432 94.88
2. 452 95. 55
39.8
39.3
38.7
38.3
38.6
38.6
38.8
38.9
39.0
2.410
2.400
2.423
2.401
2.373
2.385
2. 417
2. 439
2. 450
78.07
79. 57
78. 51
78.59
81. 36
82. 98
83.31
84.62
86.45
34.3
34.9
34.6
34.5
35.1
35.8
35.8
35.9
36.2
2.276
2.280
2. 269
2. 278
2.318
2.318
2. 327
2.357
2. 388
106.74
108.93
108.43
106.57
108. 63
109.55
109. 42
109. 65
112. 02
40.6
41.2
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.8
40.6
40.7
41.2
2.629
2.644
2.684
2.671
2.709
2.685
2. 695
2. 694
2. 719
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
684
G: E A R N I N G S
AND
MONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Contract construction—Continued
Building construction—Continued
Special-trade contractors—Continued
Year and month
Other special-trade
contractors
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1950: Average _ ____ $74. 71
1951: Average........... 83.62
Plastering and lath
ing
Masonry
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
35.8 $2.087 $70. 85
37.0 2.260 78.83
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly
ings
ings hours
Roofing and sheetmetai work
Carpentry
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Excavation and foun
dation work
Avg. Avg. Avg
hrly wkly.
earn earn wkly
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
33.9 $2.090 $86. 70
35.1 2.246 89. 66
35.0 $2. 477 $69. 86
34.9 2. 569 72. 92
37.0 $1.888 $64. 49
35.8 2.037 71.13
35.3 $1.827 $74.92
36.2 1.965 80.17
38.6
39.3
$1.941
2.040
1951: September___
October __
November___
December____
88. 97
88.20
82.91
84.51
38.6
38.1
35.6
36.6
2 305
2.315
2.329
2.309
84.00
83.61
74.93
76.94
37.3
36.8
33.2
33.6
2. 252
2. 272
2. 257
2.290
90. 72
87. 91
83. 05
85. 81
35.8
34.5
32.8
33.6
2. 534
2. 548
2. 532
2. 554
80.14
77.65
71.14
73.08
38.0
36.2
33.7
35.0
2.109
2.145
2.111
2.088
75.53
76.63
70. 55
71.92
37.9
37.9
34.6
35.5
1.993
2.022
2.039
2. 026
84.69
85.11
77. 53
81.82
40.5
40.8
36.9
39.0
2.091
2.086
2.101
2.098
1952: January_____
February____
March_______
A p r il_______
M ay________
June________
July_________
A u g u s t____
September___
85.18
87.80
85.95
86. 32
87.38
88.88
87.32
89.03
92.41
36.2
37.0
36.1
36. 5
37.2
38.0
37.3
37.5
38.6
2.353
2.373
2.381
2.365
2.349
2.339
2.341
2. 374
2. 394
75.70
75.73
71.97
74.84
80. 68
84. 08
82.30
83. 79
88. 99
33.0
33.2
32.0
33.1
35.0
36. 7
36.0
36.1
37.9
2.294
2. 281
2. 249
2.261
2. 305
2. 291
2. 286
2.321
2. 348
83.19
87. 88
85.17
86. 45
89.04
90.87
91.67
94. 94
95.39
32.7
34.3
33.0
33.3
34.3
34.2
33.9
34.5
34.7
2.544
2. 562
2. 581
2.596
2.596
2. 657
2.704
2.752
2. 749
71.89
73.43
72.83
71.77
72. 71
76. 56
75. 91
76. 79
81. 59
35.0
35.7
35.2
35.2
35.8
37.2
36.6
36.0
36.8
2.054
2.057
2.069
2.039
2.031
2.058
2. 074
2.133
2. 217
70. 31
72.04
68.46
72. 79
74.76
78.08
77.15
79. 71
83. 65
34.4
34.7
33.3
35.2
36.1
37.5
36.6
37.3
38.3
2.044
2.076
2.056
2.068
2.071
2.082
2.108
2.137
2.184
78.19
83.28
80.45
81. 90
83. 42
88.35
86.16
86.79
93.79
37.9
39.3
38.0
39.7
40.3
41.5
40.3
40.9
43.2
2.063
2.119
2.117
2.063
2.070
2.129
2.138
2.122
2.171
Manufacturing
Durable goods 2
turing
1950: Average_____ $59.33
1951: Average_____ 64.88
40.5 $1.465 $63. 32
40. 7 1.594 69.97
Food and kindred products
Ordnance and
Nondurable goods 3 Total:accessories
Total: Food and kin
Meat products
dred products
41.2 $1.537 $54. 71
41.7 1.678 58. 50
39.7 $1. 378 $64. 79
39.5 1.481 73. 78
41.8 $1.550 $56.07
43.5 1.696 61.34
41.5 $1. 351 $60.07
41.9 1.464 66.79
41.6
41.9
$1.444
1.594
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December____
65. 49
65.41
65.85
67.40
40.6
40.5
40. 5
41.2
1.613
1.615
1.626
1.636
71.01
71.10
71.05
72. 71
41.6
41. 7
41.5
42.2
1.707
1.705
1.712
1.723
5S. 67
58.00
59.07
60.45
39.4
38.9
39.2
39.9
1.489
1.491
1.507
1.515
76.47
75.50
75.68
77. 62
44.2
44.0
43.9
45.1
1.730
1.716
1. 724
1.721
62.06
61. 91
63.34
64.13
42.8
42.0
42.0
42.3
1.450
1.474
1.508
1.516
68.46
67.65
73. 51
73.06
41.9
41.5
44.1
44.2
1.634
1.630
1.667
1.653
1962: Janu ary___
February
_
March _____
A p r il_______
M ay_______
June______
J u l y ________
A u g u s t_____
September___
66.91
66.91
67.40
65.87
66. 65
67.15
65. 76
67.80
70. 09
40.8
40.7
40.7
39.8
40.2
40.5
39.9
40.6
41.3
1.640
1.644
1.656
1.655
1.658
1. 658
1.648
1.670
1.697
72.15
72.18
72. 81
71.07
71.76
71.98
69. 67
72. 71
76.06
41.8
41.7
41.7
40.8
41.1
41.2
40.2
41.1
42.0
1. 726
1. 731
1.746
1.742
1.746
1. 747
1.733
1.769
1.811
60. 04
60.12
60.13
58. 71
59. 71
60. 83
61.03
61.57
62.30
39.5
39.5
39.3
38.4
39.0
39.5
39.5
39.9
40.3
1.520
1.522
1.530
1.529
1.531
1.540
1. 545
1. 543
1. 546
77. 26
78. 76
78.85
77.04
78. 22
77.73
75. 55
73. 49
79.37
44.4
44.7
44.3
43.4
43.7
43. 5
42.3
41.1
42.9
1.740
1.762
1.780
1.775
1.790
1.787
1.786
1.788
1.850
63.40
63.30
63.30
62.80
64.09
65. 34
65.13
63.60
63. 92
41.6
41.4
41.0
40.7
41.4
42.1
42.1
41.3
42.0
1.524
1.529
1.544
1. 543
1.548
1.552
1.547
1. 540
1.522
69. 66
68. 72
68.09
67. 78
68.82
69.91
70. 35
69. 37
71.04
42.5
41.4
40.6
40.3
40.7
41.1
40.9
40.1
41.3
1.639
1.660
1.677
1.682
1.691
1.701
1.720
1.730
1.720
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
M eat packing,
wholesale
Sausages and casings
Dairy products
41.6 $1.465 $60.80
41.9 1.631 65. 87
42.4 $1. 434 $56.11
41.9 1.572 60. 61
70. 27
69.01
75.88
75.82
41.9
41.1
44.2
44.6
1.677
1.679
1.719
1.700
67. 92
67.00
68.19
66.44
41.9
41.9
42.3
41.6
1.621
1.599
1.612
1. 597
62.10
60.60
60.09
61.48
45.0
44.3
43.8
44.1
1.380
1.368
1.372
1.394
1952: January_____ 71.95
February___
70. 97
March_______ 70.02
69.87
April______
M ay______
70. 96
June _ _____ 71.94
J u l y ________ 72.38
71.04
A ugust-September___ 72.76
42.8
41.6
40.5
40.2
40.5
40.9
40.8
40.0
41.2
1.681
1. 706
1.729
1.738
1.752
1.759
1.774
1.776
1.766
65.91
66.01
66. 75
66.95
68.39
70.54
70. 74
71.09
70. 43
41.3
40.8
41.1
40.8
41.6
42.7
42.9
42.8
42.1
1.596
1.618
1.624
1.641
1.644
1. 652
1.649
1.661
1.673
62. 79
62.29
62. 55
62.24
62.95
65.30
64.99
63.74
65.10
44.0
43.9
43.8
43.8
44.3
45.6
45.1
44.2
44.5
1.427
1.419
1.428
1.421
1. 421
1.432
1. 441
1.442
1. 463
1950: Average______ $60.94
1951: Average_____ 68. 34
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December____
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Condensed and evap
orated milk
Ice cream and ices
Canning and preserv
ing
45.6 $1.258 $57. 29
46.1 1.372 62.35
44.1 $1.299 $46.81
44.6 1.398 51.42
39.3
40.2
$1.191
1.279
64. 77
62.06
61.92
62.56
46.5
45.5
45.2
45.2
1.393
1.364
1.370
1.384
63.11
62.33
62. 48
64.09
44.6
44.3
44.0
44.6
1.415
1.407
1.420
1.437
54.33
56. 87
47.80
51.02
43.5
42.5
37.0
38.3
1.249
1.338
1.292
1.332
63.56
63. 50
64.12
64.36
66.04
68.39
68. 35
67.03
67.21
44.6
45.1
44.9
45.1
45.8
47.2
46.4
46.1
46.0
i. 425
1.408
1.428
1.427
1.442
1.449
1.473
1.454
1.461
63.03
63. 66
63.34
62.89
62.28
64. 65
64. 84
62.71
65. 21
43.5
43.9
43.5
43.4
43.4
44.8
44.9
43.4
44.0
1.449
1.450
1.456
1.449
1.435
1.443
1.444
1. 445
1. 482
50.35
51.11
51.40
50.44
49.50
50.62
52. 56
52.28
53.16
38.0
38.4
38.1
37.5
37.9
38.7
41.0
39.7
41.6
1.325
1.331
1.349
1.345
1.306
1.308
1.282
1.317
1. 278
44.5 $1. 261 $57. 36
44.6 1.359 63. 25
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
G: E A R N I N G S
AND
685
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Year and month
Grain-mill products
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Flour and other
grain-mill products
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Prepared feeds
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
41.5 $1.290 $59. 94
41.7 1.376 61.66
45.3 $1.263 $53. 54
46.1 1.402 57.38
Cane-sugar refining
Sugar
Bakery products
1950: Average_____ $59.02
1951: Average-------- 66.28
43.3 $1. 363 $60. 95
44.6 1.486 67.43
44.1 $1.382 $57. 21
45.5 1.482 64.63
1951: September___
O cto b er____
November .
December___
68.60
68.67
68.00
68.38
45.4
45 3
44.5
44.4
1. 511
1.516
1.528
1.540
71.35
69. 98
71.37
71.28
47.0
45.8
45.9
45.4
1.518
1.528
1.555
1.570
68.45
65, 98
67.04
65.98
47.9
46 5
46.3
45.5
1.429
1.419
1.448
1.450
58.69
58.38
59. 26
59.43
42.1
41. 7
41.5
41.5
1.394
1.400
1.428
1.432
62.82
55.39
65.20
64. 75
1952: January_____
February___
M arch______
April________
M ay________
J u n e ... .
July________
August. ___
September___
69.22
66.40
67. 77
66. 53
68.91
72. 57
71.60
71.75
70.78
44.8
43.2
43.5
43.2
44.2
45.9
45.4
45.1
44.8
1.545
1.537
1. 558
1.540
1. 559
1.581
1.577
1,591
1.580
71.06
67.21
68. 57
67.67
68.99
75.69
74.64
73.90
73.18
45 7
43.7
43.9
43.6
44.0
47.1
46.3
45.7
45.2
1.555
1. 538
1.562
1.552
1.568
1.607
1.612
1.617
1.619
67. 46
63.20
67.47
66.05
67.88
69.01
68.60
69.51
68.30
46.3
44.1
45.9
45.3
46.4
47.2
46.7
46.9
46.4
1.457
1.433
1.470
1.458
1.463
1.462
1,469
1.482
1.472
59.04
60.09
59. 29
60. 25
61.57
62.27
61.89
61.55
61.86
41.2
41.5
41.0
41.1
41.8
42.3
41.9
41.9
41.8
1.433
1.448
1.446
1.466
1.473
1.472
1.477
1.469
1.480
62. 57
62.24
66.10
61.78
63.04
71.43
65.87
64.08
65.64
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
43.0 $1.394 $61.83
41.3 1.493 63.13
43.0
41.1
$1. 438
1.536
41.3
38.2
45.5
43.6
1.521
1.450
1.433
1.485
63.38
56.93
62.36
63.45
41.7
37.9
39.9
40.7
1. 520
1.502
1. 563
1.559
40.5
40.1
41.6
39.1
39.3
43.9
41.3
39.9
41.0
1. 545
1.552
1. 589
1.580
1.604
1.627
1,595
1.606
1.601
63.40
60.80
67.17
61.90
64. 76
75.08
67.42
65.12
67.85
40.8
39.0
42.3
39.1
40.0
45.5
41.9
40.0
41.5
1.554
1. 559
1.588
1.583
1.619
1.650
1.609
1.628
1.635
Manufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Confectionery and
related products
Beet sugar
Bottled soft drinks
Beverages
Confectionery
41.0 $1.646 $49.12
41.2 1.787 53.03
39.9 $1.123 $67.49
40.3 1.199 73.62
42.9 $1.145 $72.66
43.5 1.219 78.99
40.8
41.1
$1. 781
1.922
1. 231
1.225
1. 255
1.220
81.00
77.29
80. 11
79.34
42.1
40.4
40.5
41.0
1.924
1.913
1.978
1.935
1. 213
1.220
1.226
1.249
1.251
1.292
1.289
1.276
1.295
77. 89
78. 75
78. 42
79. 28
82.61
84. 56
88.16
85.20
83.44
40.4
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.7
42.3
43.3
41.5
40.8
1.928
1.935
1.946
1.948
1.981
1.999
2.036
2.053
2.045
42 5 $1.381 $46.72
41.1 1.493 50.41
39.9 $1.171 $44. 81
40.2 1.254 48.32
63.78
54.90
68. 12
66.60
40 7
38.1
47. 7
43 9
1.567
1.441
1.428
1.517
52.17
50.96
51. 74
52.33
41.5
40.7
41.1
41.6
1.257
1.252
1.259
1.258
49.16
48, 44
49. 68
50.61
41.1
40.6
41.3
42.0
1.196
1.193
1.203
1.205
75.11
72. 54
74. 54
73.48
41.8
40 8
40.6
40.8
1.797
1.778
1.836
1.801
53. 79
52.68
54. 59
52.58
43.7
43.0
43.5
43.1
62. 70
66.91
64.80
63.06
60.19
65. 57
63.58
62. 34
63.44
38.8
40.7
38.3
38.5
37.2
40.3
39.2
38.2
39.5
1. 616
1.644
1.692
1.638
1.618
1.627
1.622
1.632
1.606
51.82
52.43
51.68
51.01
52.17
54.30
50.71
52.09
53.09
39.8
40.3
39.6
38.5
39.4
40.4
37.9
39.4
40.1
1.302
1.301
1.305
1.325
1.324
1.344
1.338
1.322
1.324
49. 30
50.01
49.10
48.51
49. 83
51.70
47. 70
49.18
50.80
39.6
40.3
39.5
38.2
39.3
40.2
37.5
39.0
40.0
1. 245
1.241
1.243
1.270
1. 268
1.286
1.272
1.261
1.270
72. 94
73.50
73.41
73.81
76.95
78. 68.
80.93
78.64
77.29
40.5
40.7
40.4
40.6
41.8
42.3
43.0
41.5
41.0
1.801
1.806
1.817
1.818
1.841
1.860
1.882
1.895
1.885
51.31
51.73
52.35
53.21
54.04
58.01
59.55
55.51
55.99
42.3
42.4
42.7
42.6
43.2
44.9
46. 2
43.5
43.2
1950: Average__
1951: Average__
$58. 69
61.36
1951: September.
October__
November.
December..
1952: January__
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July_____
August___
September.
M alt liqu )rs
Manufacturing—Continued
Tobacco manufactures
Food and kindred products—Continued
Distilled, rectified,
and blended liquors
1950: Average____ $61.94
1951: Average......... 68.86
Miscellaneous food
products
40.3 $1.537 $54.99
40.2 1.713 59.22
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
42.2 $1.303 $41.08
42.0 1.410 44.20
37.9 $1.084 $50.19
38.3 1.154 54. 21
Toba eco and snuff
Cigars
Cigarettes
39.0 $1.287 $35. 76
39.4 1.376 38.92
36.9 $0.969 $42.79
37.6 1.035 46.07
37.7
37.7
$1.135
1.222
1951: Septem ber...
October.........
N ovem ber...
December....
67. 70
70.20
67. 61
66.30
39.5
40.6
38.7
38.5
1.714
1.729
1.747
1.722
59. 74
59.05
60. 06
60. 77
41.6
41.7
42.0
42.2
1.436
1.416
1.430
1.440
44. 75
45.30
46.26
46.53
39.5
39.7
39.3
39.5
1.133
1.141
1.177
1.178
55.82
55.40
58.02
57. 53
40.1
39.8
41.0
40.6
1.392
1.392
1.415
1.417
40.18
40. 88
41.03
41.66
38.3
38.9
38.6
39.3
1.049
1.051
1.063
1.060
48.20
46.90
48. 63
47.67
38.9
37.7
38.5
38.2
1.239
1.244
1.263
1.248
1952: January........
February___
M arch...........
April______
M a y ........... .
June_______
July_______
August____
September..
68. 43
68.87
68.60
68.38
73. 04
70.88
69.58
70.02
70.23
39.1
39.2
38.8
38.7
41.5
39.8
39.0
38.9
39.3
1.750
1.757
1.768
1.767
1.760
1. 781
1.784
1.800
1.787
61.36
61.82
61.30
60.92
61. 28
62.96
64.31
62. 67
64.35
41.8
42.2
41.7
41.3
41.6
42.6
42.9
42.2
42.9
1.468
1.465
1.470
1.475
1.473
1.478
1.499
1.485
1.500
45. 27
43.69
43. 88
41.45
45. 40
46.74
46. 24
47. 71
47.80
38.4
36.9
36.6
34.6
37.9
38.6
37.9
39.4
39.9
1.179
1.184
1.199
1.198
1 198
1.211
1.220
1.211
1.198
55.24
5,1.84
52. 59
48.40
54.41
56.78
57.10
63.51
61.72
39.4
36.9
37.3
34.4
38.7
39.9
39.3
43.0
41.9
1.402
1.405
1.410
1.407
1. 406
1.423
1.453
1.477
1.473
40.14
38.86
39.05
37.03
40. 25
40.29
39.04
39.69
41.26
37.9
36.8
36.6
34.8
37.9
37.9
36.8
37.3
38.1
1.059
1.056
1.067
1.064
1.062
1.063
1.061
1.064
1.083
47.82
46.30
44.09
43.42
45.74
48.04
48,58
49.01
50.45
38.1
37.1
34.8
34.6
36.3
37.8
38.4
38.2
38.6
1.255
1. 248
1.267
1.255
1.260
1.271
1.265
1.283
1.307
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
686
G: E A R N I N G S
AND
MONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees ‘—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Tobacco manufac
turas—Con.
Year and month
Tobacco stemming
and redrying
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Textile-mill products
Total: Textile-mill
products
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Yam and thread
mills
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Yam mills
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Broad-woven fabric
mills
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Cotton, silk, syn
thetic fiber
United States
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1950: Average........... $37. 59
1951: Average........... 37.91
39.4 $0. 954 $48.95
39.2
.967 51.33
39.6 $1. 236 $45. 01
38.8 1.323 47.86
38.9 $1.157 $45. 09
38.6 1.240 48. 02
38.8 $1.162 $49. 28
38.6 1. 244 51.63
40.1 $1. 229 $48. 00
39.2 1.317 50.38
40.1
39.3
$1.197
1.282
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
37.30
39. 25
36. 89
37. 67
42.0
42.8
39.0
38.6
888
.917
.946
.976
48.74
49.29
50. 46
52.70
36.9
37.2
37.8
39.3
1.321
1.325
1.335
1.341
45.14
46.01
46. 57
49. 02
36.2
36.9
37.2
39.0
1.247
1.247
1.252
1.257
45.16
46.38
46. 97
48.94
36.1
37.1
37.4
38.9
1. 251
1. 250
1. 256
1.258
48.75
48.77
50.01
52. 62
37.1
37.0
37.6
39.3
1.314
1.318
1.330
1.339
47.20
47.36
48.35
50.48
36.9
37.0
37.6
39.1
1.279
1.280
1,286
1.291
1952: January_____
February____
M arch........... .
April_______
M ay_______
June________
July------------August__ . . .
September___
38.04
37. 72
39.16
37.88
41.92
45.08
44. 46
38. 59
39.73
38.5
36.8
36.5
34.0
37.7
39.3
38.9
39.5
42.9
.988
1.025
1.073
1.114
1.112
1.147
1.143
.977
.926
52. 40
52.22
51. 32
49. 85
50.78
51.61
51.78
53. 25
54. 46
38.9
38.8
38.1
37.2
37.7
38.4
38.5
39.5
40.1
1.347
1.346
1.347
1.340
1.347
1.344
1.345
1.348
1.358
48.88
48. 55
48.31
46.39
47. 22
48. 82
48. 95
50.03
50.43
38.7
38.5
38.1
36.7
37.3
38.5
38.3
39.3
39.4
1.263
1.261
1.268
1.264
1.266
1.268
1. 278
1. 273
1. 280
48. 71
48.35
48.02
46.39
47. 39
49.11
49.11
50.20
50. 56
38.6
38.4
37.9
36.7
37.4
38.7
38.4
39.4
39.5
1.262
1.259
1.267
1.264
1.267
1.269
1.279
1. 274
1. 280
52.10
51.19
49. 48
49.08
49. 42
50.37
51. 02
52. 49
53. 88
39.0
38.4
37.2
37.1
37.1
37.7
38.1
39.2
40.0
1.336
1.333
1. 330
1.323
1.332
1.336
1. 339
1. 339
1.347
50.30
49.45
47.49
47.14
46. 99
47. 58
48. 35
50. 22
51.66
38.9
38.3
36.9
36.8
36.6
37.0
37.6
38.9
39.8
1.293
1.291
1.287
1.281
1.284
1.286
1.286
1. 291
1.298
Manufacturing—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber—Continued
Woolen and worsted
North
Full-fashioned hosiery
Knitting mills
South
United States
North
1950: Average........... $51.23
1951: Average........... 53.66
40.5 $1. 265 $47.08
38.8 1.383 49. 41
40.0 $1.177 $54. 01
39.4 1.254 57. 71
39.8 $1.357 $44.13
39.1 1. 476 46.57
37.4 $1.180 $53.63
36.7 1. 269 56.69
37.9 $1. 415 $54. 25
36.6 1. 549 58.16
37.7
35.9
$1.439
1.620
1951: September.......
October...........
November___
December___
51.17
51.41
51.27
54. 46
36.6
36.1
35.8
37.9
1.398
1.424
1.432
1.437
46.18
46. 40
47.58
49. 49
37.0
37.3
38.0
39.4
1.248
1.244
1.252
1.256
56.20
55. 38
57.68
62.15
38.1
36.8
37.6
40.2
1.475
1. 505
1.534
1. 546
44.84
46.06
47.56
48.08
35.5
36.3
37. 3
37.8
1.263
1. 269
1.275
1.272
54.07
55.18
57. 75
58. 09
35.2
35.9
37.5
37.6
1.536
1.537
1.540
1.545
55.12
57.47
57.80
56. 57
34.6
36.1
36.4
35.6
1. 593
1.592
1.588
1.589
1952: January_____
February........
M arch______
April............. .
M ay........ .......
June________
July___ _____
August______
September___
54.89
54.13
52.53
52. 74
52.67
53.43
53.98
55.43
37.7
37.2
36.2
36.4
36.3
36.8
37.2
38.9
1.456
1.455
1.451
1.449
1.451
1.452
1. 451
1.425
49.12
48.20
46. 21
45.87
45. 68
46. 25
47.13
49.01
39.2
38.5
37.0
36.9
36.6
37.0
37.7
38.9
1.253
1.252
1.249
1.243
1.248
1.250
1. 250
1.260
61.42
60.37
59. 25
59.29
61. 69
63.28
63.31
63.34
64. 48
39.6
39.1
38.6
38.7
39.9
40. S
40.4
40.6
41. 2
1.551
1.544
1.535
1.532
1.546
1. 551
1. 567
1. 560
1.565
47.66
48.31
48.16
45.94
46. 86
47.23
47. 80
48. 94
49. 79
37.0
37.8
37.8
36.2
36.9
37.6
38.0
38.9
39.3
1.288
1.278
1.274
1.269
1. 270
1.256
1. 258
1.258
1. 267
58.18
59.06
58.83
55.20
55. 70
54.94
57.15
58. 10
58. 67
37.2
38.5
38.6
36.1
36.5
36.6
37.9
38.5
38.7
1.564
1.534
1.524
1.529
1. 526
1.501
1. 508
1.509
1.516
58.76
57.26
56.36
54.13
54. 75
53.94
54. 83
57.08
36.7
37.6
37.7
35.8
36.5
36.2
37.0
38.0
1.601
1.523
1.495
1.512
1.500
1.490
1.482
1. 502
Manufacturing—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Full-fashioned ho
siery—Continued
South
Seamless hosiery
Knit outerwear
United States
North
Knit underwear
South
1950: Average_____ $53. 33
1951: Average_____ 55. 76
38.2 $1. 396 $34. 94
37.2 1. 499 36.85
35.8 $0.976 $38.12
35.2 1.047 41.24
38.2 $0.998 $34.37
37.8 1.091 36.02
35.4 $0. 971 $43.73
34.7 1.038 47.23
38.6 $1.133 $39. 60
38.4 1.230 42. 71
37.5
37.3
$1.050
1.145
1951: September___
October.........
November___
December___
53.32
53.81
57. 68
58.70
35.5
35.8
38.2
38.8
1.502
1.503
1.510
1. 513
35.25
37.45
38.66
39. 41
33.8
35.5
36.4
37.0
1.043
1.055
1.062
1 065
40.74
42. 21
42. 48
44. 31
37.1
38.1
38.0
39.6
1.098
1.108
1.118
1.119
34.23
36. 54
37.94
38.43
33.2
35.0
36.1
36. 5
1.031
1.044
1.051
1.053
46. 56
47. 36
48. 33
48.21
37.7
37.8
38.6
38.6
1.235
1.253
1. 252
1. 249
41.62
42.33
43.14
44.50
36.0
36.3
36.9
38.0
1.156
1.166
1.169
1.171
1952: January..........
February........
M arch............
April...............
M ay___ ____
June___ ____
July— ..........
A ugust...........
September___
57.49
59.98
59.90
55. 50
55. 69
55.46
58. 64
58.70
37.5
39.1
39.1
36.3
36.4
36.8
38.5
38.8
1.533
1.534
1.532
1. 529
1.530
1.507
1. 523
1. 513
38.48
39.38
38. 88
37.13
38.41
39. 25
38. 69
40. 06
40. 51
36.1
36.8
36.4
34.9
35.9
37.1
36.5
37.9
38.0
1.066
1.070
1.068
1.064
1.070
1.058
1.060
1.057
1.066
42.85
42.79
43.05
41.29
42. 83
43.24
41. 62
43. 48
38.4
38.0
38.3
36.8
38.0
38.5
37.6
39.1
1.116
1.126
1.124
1.122
1.127
1.123
1.107
1.112
37.66
38. 76
38.16
36.40
37. 56
38. 49
38.15
39. 47
35.7
36.6
36.1
34.6
35.5
36.8
36.3
37.7
1.055
1.059
1.057
1.052
1.058
1.046
1. 051
1. 047
46. 79
47.88
48.32
45.41
47.10
48.42
47. 55
50.89
51.85
36.9
38.0
38.2
36.5
37.8
38.8
38.5
40.2
40.6
1. 268
1.260
1.265
1.244
1. 246
1.248
1.235
1. 266
1.277
44.16
43.78
43. 61
42.71
43. 72
44. 50
45.32
46. 76
47. 59
37.3
37.1
37.4
36.6
37.4
38.3
38.8
40.0
40.3
1.184
1.180
1.166
1.167
1.169
1.162
1.168
1.169
1.181
See footnote at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
G: E A R N IN G S
AND
687
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
M anufacturing—C ontinued
Apparel and ocher
fin ish e d te x tile
products
Textile-mill products—Continued
Year and month
Dyeing and finishing
textiles
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Wool carpets, rugs,
and carpet yam
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
41.5 $1.502 $62. 72
39.4 1.587 60.37
1950: Average.......... $53.87
1951: Average.......... 56. 49
40.9 $1.317 $62. 33
39.7 1.423 62. 53
1951: September___
October.........
November___
December___
53.18
55.19
58. 70
61.76
37.4
38.7
40.4
42.3
1.422
1.426
1.453
1.460
59.69
60.99
60.80
63.12
37.8
38.8
38.7
39.9
1.579
1. 572
1.571
1. 582
1952: January_____
February____
M arch......... .
April_______
M ay________
June________
July________
August______
September___
60. 69
62. 27
60. 76
58. 72
59.91
62. 58
60. 40
63.18
63.64
41.4
42.1
41.0
40.0
40.7
42.0
40.7
42.4
42.8
1. 466
1.479
1.482
1.468
1.472
1.490
1.484
1.490
1.487
64.80
65.04
66.79
61.53
65. 64
65. 89
63.15
69.10
70.60
40.5
40.5
41.0
38.1
40.1
40.8
39.1
41.6
41.8
1.600
1.606
1.629
1.615
1.637
1.615
1.615
1. 661
1.689
Other textile-mill
products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Fur-felt hats and hat
bodies
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
41.1 $1.526 $52. 37
37.9 1. 593 54.88
40.6 $1.290 $51.05
39.8 1.379 52.67
55. 96
59.05
59.18
61.15
35.6
37.3
37.6
38.8
1. 572
1.583
1.574
1. 576
53.89
54.03
54.09
56. 30
38.8
38.7
38.5
40.1
1.389
1.396
1.405
1.404
49. 66
49.90
49.93
57.23
63. 68
64.00
64.96
56.55
62. 47
62.25
59.25
67. 23
70. 23
39.9
39.9
40.1
35.5
38.8
39.5
37.5
40.4
41.0
1.596
1.604
1.620
1. 593
1. 610
1. 576
1. 580
1.664
1.713
56. 41
56. 98
56. 97
55.10
56. 67
57. 58
56. 72
57.80
59. 74
39.7
39.9
39.7
38.4
39.3
39.9
39.5
40.0
41.0
1. 421
1.428
1.435
1.435
1.442
1.443
1.436
1.445
1.457
55.12
56.22
55.31
44.44
52.41
56.66
51. 95
58.31
56. 60
Total: Apparel and
other finished tex
tile products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
35.9 $1.422 $43.68
35.3 1.492 45. 65
36.4
36.0
$1.200
1.268
32.0
33.4
33.4
37.8
1.552
1.494
1.495
1. 514
45.89
43.70
45.12
46. 26
35.6
34.6
35.5
36.2
1.289
1.263
1.271
1.278
36.6
36.7
36.7
29.1
34.3
36.7
33.6
37.5
36.4
1.506
1.532
1.507
1. 527
1. 528
1.544
1. 546
1. 555
1.555
46. 40
47. 56
47. 36
43.58
45.06
45. 21
45. 72
48.19
48. 71
36.0
36.7
36.8
35.0
36.4
36.2
36.0
37.3
37.5
1.289
1.296
1.287
1.245
1.238
1.249
1.270
1.292
1.299
Manufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
M en’s and boys’
suits and coats
Men’s and boys’ fur
nishings and work
clothing
Shirts, collars, and
nightwear
36.8 $0.990 $36. 26
36.0 1.057 37. 95
36.9 $1. 361 $36.43
35.8 1.473 38.05
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
51.98
47.81
47. 59
49.98
35.1
32.5
32.2
33.7
1.481
1.471
1.478
1.483
37. 67
37.14
38.13
38.09
35.5
35.0
35.6
35.8
1.061
1.061
1.071
1.064
37. 70
37. 52
38. 84
38. 41
35.1
35.0
36.0
35.7
1.074
1.072
1.079
1.076
1952: January_____
February____
M arch______
April_______
May- ______
June________
July------------August____ _
September___
50.00
51.67
52.63
48.20
48. 77
50.86
49.54
54. 26
55.16
33.4
34.7
35.3
32.9
33.2
34.2
33.7
36.2
36.7
1.497
1.489
1.491
1.465
1.469
1.487
1.470
1. 499
1.503
38. 06
39.02
39.34
38.02
39. 47
39.35
38. 64
40.06
40. 87
35.7
36.5
36.7
35.8
37.2
37.3
36.8
37.9
38.3
1.066
1.069
1.072
1.062
1.061
1.055
1. 050
1.057
1.067
38. 23
38.84
39.24
38.41
39. 82
39. 27
38.31
39. 38
41.05
35.3
35.7
36.3
35.6
36.7
36.5
35.9
36.8
37.9
1.083
1.088
1.081
1.079
1.085
1.076
1.067
1.070
1.083
Women’s outerwear
37.8 $1.043 $31.34
36.0 1.115 33.02
35.9 $0.873 $49. 41
35. 7 .925 51.31
34.7
35.0
$1.424
1.466
39.94
36.83
37. 56
39.32
35.6
33.3
33.6
35 2
1.122
1.106
1.118
1.117
31.83
32.53
32. 85
32. 86
34.3
34.5
35.1
35.3
.928
.943
.936
.931
51.50
47.33
50.41
52.30
34.4
32.8
34.6
35.8
1.497
1.443
1.457
1.461
40. 52
42.03
44.12
41.95
43.32
42. 82
41.21
43. 39
43.82
35.7
36.8
38.2
36.8
37.9
37.4
36.7
38.3
38.2
1.135
1.142
1.155
1.140
1.143
1.145
1.123
1.133
1.147
33. 46
33.32
33.39
34.63
35. 06
35.59
35.06
36.32
36. 26
36.1
35.9
36.1
37.2
37.7
38.6
37.9
38.8
38.7
.927
.928
.925
.931
.930
.922
.925
.936
.937
53. 38
54. 78
53.14
47.81
49. 43
48.79
51.63
54. 59
54.27
35.9
36.4
36.2
34.2
36.0
34.8
35.0
36.2
35.8
1.487
1.505
1.468
1.398
1.373
1.402
1.475
1.508
1.516
36.7 $0.988 $39.43
35.6 1.066 40.14
1950: Average_____ $50. 22
1951: Average------- 52.73
Work shirts
Separate trousers
Manufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
Women’s dresses
Household apparel
U n d e r w e a r and
nightwear, except
corsets
35.2
36.0
$1.540
1.596
40.00
40. 51
41.13
41. 21
36.9
37.2
37.6
37.4
1.084
1.089
1.094
1.102
62.10
52. 50
50.90
55.91
37.3
33.4
32.9
35.5
1.665
1.572
1.547
1.575
40. 00
40.18
40.62
38.62
40.00
40.33
39.10
41.55
42.96
36.6
37.0
37.1
35.3
36.3
36.6
36.2
37.7
38.6
1.093
1.086
1.095
1.094
1.102
1.102
1.080
1.102
1.113
61.82
69.91
68.86
49.91
50.46
51.29
56.24
61.95
61.62
38.4
41.1
40.7
32.6
33.2
32.2
34.8
37.8
38.2
1.610
1.701
1.692
1.531
1. 520
1.593
1.616
1.639
1.613
36.9 $1.040 $36.55
36.6 1.118 39. 67
37. 69
36.81
38.35
39. 07
36.7
35.7
36.8
37.9
1.027
1.031
1.042
1.031
63. 33
56. 29
60.83
63.21
32.1
29.3
31.5
33. 2
1.973
1.921
1. 931
1.904
41.06
41. 66
42. 79
42. 90
36.5
36.8
37.5
37.5
1.125
1.132
1.141
1.144
39. 34
40.38
41.24
39. 51
41. 00
39. 89
37.24
39.04
40.23
37.5
38.2
38.8
37.7
38.5
37.7
35.7
37.0
37.7
1. 049
1.057
1.063
1.048
1. 065
1.058
1.043
1.055
1.067
67. 01
68.63
63.31
54.09
54. 41
61.20
67. 47
70. 54
68.03
34.0
34.3
32.4
28.5
30.9
32.4
34.3
35.5
34.1
1.971
2.001
1.954
1.898
1. 761
1.889
1.967
1.987
1.995
41. 95
42.49
43.39
41.18
43.12
43.19
41. 54
43. 66
44. 66
36.7
37.4
37.8
36.0
37.3
37.3
36.6
38.1
38.6
1.143
1.136
1.148
1.144
1.156
1.158
1.135
1.146
1.157
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
51.05
47. 33
49.60
52.60
34. 4
32. 8
34. 3
36. 1
1.484
1.443
1.446
1.457
1952; January_____
February__ M arch______
April_______
M ay________
June________
Ju ly________
A u g u st____
September___
51.77
52. 96
52.82
50. 33
52. 45
47.80
48. 27
51. 55
52. 91
35. 9
36. 3
36. 4
35. 0
36. 1
34. 0
34. 8
35. 5
35. 2
1. 442
1.459
1.451
1.438
1.453
1.406
1.387
1.452
1. 503
Millinery
36.4 $1.004 $54. 21
36.8 1.078 57.46
33.6 $1. 898 $38.38
32.9 1.942 40. 92
34. 8 $1.382 $34.66
35. 1 1.443 37. 86
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Women’s and chil
dren’s undergar
ments
36.1 $0.960 $63. 77
36.9 1.026 63. 89
1950: Average_____ $48.09
1951: Average_____ 50. 65
See footnotes a t end of table.
Women’s suits, coats,
and skirts
688
G: E A R N I N G S
AND
MONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Lumber and wood
products (except
furniture)
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
Year and month
Children’s outerwear
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Fur goods and mis
cellaneous apparel
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly,
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Other fabricated
textile products
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
1950: Average......... $38. 98
1951: Average.......... 41.53
36.5 $1.068 $43. 45
36.3 1.144 45. 71
36.7 $1.184 $42. 06
36.6 1. 249 44.19
1951: September___
October.........
November___
December____
41.93
40.15
42.37
42.79
35.9
34.7
36.4
36.7
1.168
1.157
1.164
1.166
46. 76
45, 68
47.62
47.13
36.7
36.0
37.0
37.2
1.274
1. 269
1.287
1.267
1952: January..........
February____
March_______
April.................
M ay________
June________
July_________
August______
September___
43.23
44. 29
43. 87
39. 87
42. 41
42. 22
42. 97
43.88
44.19
36.7
37.5
37.4
35.6
37.6
37.0
37.3
37.6
37.2
1.178
1.181
1.173
1.120
1.128
1.141
1.152
1.167
1.188
43.86
43. 37
44. 39
42. 32
44.12
45. 47
45. 41
46.86
49.16
36.1
36.2
36.3
34.8
35.9
36.2
36.1
37.4
38.2
1. 215
1.198
1.223
1. 216
1.229
1. 256
1. 258
1.253
1.287
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Curtains and
draperies
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Textile bags
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Total: Lumber and
wood products (ex
cept furniture)
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
38.2 $1.101
37.8 1.169 $38.37
36.3 $L 057 $44.85
38.4 $i. 168
$55.31
59. 26
41.0
40.9
$1.349
1.449
44.36
44.41
44.65
45.74
37. 5
37.6
37.9
38.6
1.183
1.181
1.178
1.185
37.31
37. 73
38.00
39. 33
35.4
35.8
36.5
37. 1
1.054
1.054
1.041
1. 060
44.92
45. 21
46. 21
47.60
38.0
37.9
38.8
40.0
1. 182
1.193
1.191
1.190
61. 51
62. 32
60.86
60.18
40.6
41.3
40.6
40.8
1. 515
1.509
1.499
1.475
45.08
44. 96
45.15
44.15
46. 38
46. 27
45. 74
46.74
47. 79
38.3
38.1
38.2
37.1
38.3
38.3
37.8
38.6
39.3
1. 177
1.180
1.182
1.190
1. 211
1. 208
1. 210
1.211
1. 216
40.81
42. 32
41.92
41. 27
42.14
41.14
39.35
42.10
42. 93
38.9
39.7
39.4
38.5
39.2
38.2
36.5
38.2
39.1
1. 049
1.066
1.064
1.072
1.075
1.077
1.078
1.102
1.098
45. 31
45.71
45.31
44. 02
45.73
47. 04
47. 42
48. 41
50. 56
38.4
39.0
38.4
36.5
37.0
38.0
38.4
38.7
40.0
1.180
1.172
1.180
1. 206
1.236
1. 238
1.235
1. 251
1.264
57. 02
59.11
59. 59
61.13
59.96
64.73
63.11
66. 57
66.91
40 1
40.6
40.4
40.7
41.1
42.2
40.9
42.0
41.9
1. 422
1.456
1.475
1.502
1.459
1.534
1.543
1.585
1. 597
Manufacturing—Continued
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)—Continued
Logging camps and
contractors
Sawm ills and planing mills, eneral
Sawmills and plan
ing mills
United States
South
Millwork, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural wood
products
West
1950: A verage_____ $66.25
1951: Average......... 71.37
38.9 $1.703 $54. 95
39.3 1.816 58. 73
40.7 $1.350 $55.53
40.5 1.450 59.58
40.5 $1.371 $38.90
40.5 1.471 41.19
42.1 $0.924 $70. 43
42.2
.976 75.85
38.7 $1. 820 $60.52
38.6 1. 965 64. 74
43.2
42.4
$1. 401
1.527
1951: September .October............
November___
December____
75.63
79. 99
79.38
74.92
39.7
41.9
41.3
40.0
1.905
1.909
1.922
1.873
61.06
61.49
60. 56
59. 47
40.2
40.8
40.4
40.4
1. 519
1.507
1. 499
1.472
61. 95
62. 42
61.49
60. 36
40.2
40.8
40.4
40. 4
1. 541
1.530
1.522
1.494
41.21
42. 37
41.75
42.03
41.8
42.8
42.3
42.5
.986
.990
.987
.989
79. 01
79.57
78. 82
77.19
38.6
39.1
38.6
38.1
2.047
2.035
2.042
2.026
66.39
66.94
62.97
65.15
42.1
42.5
40.6
41.9
1.577
1.575
1. 551
1. 555
1952: January_____
February____
March_______
April___
..
M ay____.
June_________
July_________
August______
September___
63. 46
72.82
72. 78
78. 85
67.64
81.41
79. 50
86. 22
84.42
39.1
41.4
40.3
40.6
39. 3
42.8
41.3
43.0
42.0
1. 623
1.759
1.806
1.942
1.721
1.902
1. 925
2. 005
2. 010
56. 56
58.47
58.85
60. 37
60. 45
65.17
62.94
66.88
67. 47
39.5
40.1
39.9
40.3
40.9
42.1
40. 5
41.8
41.8
1.432
1.458
1.475
1. 498
1.478
1.548
1.554
1.600
1. 614
57. 25
59.16
59. 43
61. 30
61.40
66. 38
63. 79
68.05
68. 72
39.4
40.0
39.7
40. 3
40.8
42. 2
40.4
41.8
41.8
1. 453
1. 479
1.497
1. 521
1.505
1. 573
1.579
1.628
1. 644
41.92
41.18
41.05
41.86
43.13
43. 65
43.10
43.63
44. 40
42.3
41.6
41.3
41.9
43.0
43.3
42. 5
42.9
43.4
.991
.990
.994
.999
1.003
1.008
1.014
1.017
1.023
72. 67
76. 76
76. 72
78.80
78. 32
84. 90
80. 29
89.38
89. 52
36.3
38.4
38.0
38.8
38.3
40.8
38.4
42.2
41.5
2.002
1.999
2.019
2.031
2. 045
2.081
2. 091
2.118
2.157
65.06
65. 89
66. 62
66. 87
65. 47
69.18
67.31
69. 27
69. 30
41.6
41.7
41.9
41.9
41.7
43.1
42.2
42.6
42.1
1. 564
1. 580
1.590
1. 596
1. 570
1.605
1. 595
1.626
1.646
Manufacturing—Continued
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)—Continued
Millwork
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, other
than cigar
1950: Average_____ $59.05
1951: Average_____ 61.80
43.2 $1.367 $46.03
42.1 1.468 49. 22
40.7 $1.311 $46.56
41.5 1. 186 49.54
1951: September___ 62.81
October........ .. 64.20
November___ 61. 74
D ecem b er___ 63.09
42.1
42.8
41.3
42.2
1.492
1. 500
1. 495
1.495
49.93
50. 01
49. 48
51.07
41.3
41. 5
41.3
42.0
1.209
1.205
1.198
1.216
1952: January_____
February____
March______
April________
M ay________
June_________
July_________
August_____
September___
41.4
40.9
41.3
41.5
41.9
43.4
42.3
43.1
42.9
1.497
1.516
1.528
1. 537
1. 536
1. 557
1.550
1. 583
1.603
48. 63
48.64
49.37
49. 45
50.51
50.80
50. 72
51.63
52.17
40.8
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.5
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.5
1.192
1.195
1. 213
1. 218
1.217
1. 230
1.231
1.241
1.257
61.98
62. 00
63.11
63. 79
64. 36
67.57
65. 57
68.23
68. 77
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Furniture and fixtures
Miscellaneous wood
products
Total: Furniture
and fixtures
Household furniture
41.5 $1.122 $47.07
42.2 1.174 51.28
41.4 $1.137 $53. 67
42.0 1. 221 57. 72
41.9 $1. 281 $51.91
41.2 1.401 54.84
41.9
40.8
$1. 239
1,344
49. 42
49. 61
49.16
50.37
41.6
41.9
41.8
42.4
1.188
1. 184
1.176
1.188
52.38
51.96
50. 92
52.08
41.9
41. 6
40.8
41.7
1. 250
1. 249
1.248
1.249
58. 40
58. 79
58. 81
60.48
41.1
41.4
41.1
42.0
1. 421
1. 420
1.431
1. 440
55. 32
55. 94
56. 50
57. 75
40.8
41. 1
41.0
41.7
1. 356
1.361
1.378
1.385
48.16
48.16
48. 79
49. 64
50. 32
50. 58
50.83
51. 50
52. 21
41.3
41.3
41.1
41.4
41.9
41.7
41.8
41.9
42.0
1.166
1. 166
1.187
1.199
1.201
1. 213
1.216
1. 229
1. 243
51. 75
52.21
52.83
52. 67
53. 51
54.06
52. 78
54.65
54.94
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.9
42.2
41.3
42.4
42.2
1. 244
1.255
1.267
1. 263
1.277
1.281
1.278
1. 289
1.302
59. 84
60. 26
60.67
59. 48
59.80
60. 02
58. 56
60.44
62. 43
41.5
41.5
41.3
40.6
40.9
41.0
40.3
41.4
42.1
1.442
1.452
1.469
1.465
1.462
1.464
1. 453
1.460
1.483
56. 46
57.31
57. 55
56.76
56. 84
57. 36
56. 42
58.65
60.24
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.6
40.8
40.5
41.8
42.3
1.377
1.391
1.407
1. 405
1.400
1.406
1.393
1.403
1.424
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
C: E A R N I N G S
AND
689
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con,
Manufacturing—Continued
Paper and allied products
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Year and month
Wood household
furniture, except
upholstered
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wKly.
earn hours
ings
1950: Average__
1951: Average___
$48.39
50.88
1951: September.
October___
November.
December..
1952: January__
February...
March____
April........ .
M ay_____
June_____
July--------August___
September.
Wood household fur
niture, upholstered
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Mattresses and
bedsprings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Other furniture
and fixtures
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Total: Paper and
allied products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Pulp, paper, and
paperboard mills
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.9 $1,397 $61.14
42.2 1. 533 65. 77
43.3 $1,412 $65.06
43.1 1. 526 71.17
43.9
44.4
$1,482
1.603
65. 32
65. 30
64.49
67.07
41.9
42.1
41.5
42.8
1. 559
1. 551
1.554
1. 567
65. 57
65. 32
65.64
66.68
42.8
42. 5
42.4
42.8
1. 532
1. 537
1.548
1. 558
71.29
71.15
71.31
72.22
44.2
44.0
43.8
44.2
1. 613
1.617
1.628
1.634
67. 85
67. 22
67.94
65. 97
66. 65
66. 08
63. 80
64. 92
67.89
42.7
42.2
42.2
41.1
41.5
41.3
39.8
40.5
41.6
1. 589
1. 593
1.610
1. 605
1.606
1.600
1. 603
1.603
1. 632
66.39
66. 57
67.48
65. 33
66. 34
67. 71
68. 39
69.30
70.77
42.5
42.4
42.6
41.4
41.8
42.4
42.4
43.1
43.5
1.562
1. 570
1.584
1.578
1.587
1. 597
1.613
1. 608
1. 627
71.29
71. 68
72. 93
69.88
71.01
72.54
74.17
74.03
75. 55
43.6
43.6
43.8
42.2
42.6
43.1
43.4
43.7
44.0
1.635
1. 644
1.665
1.656
1.667
1.683
1.709
1.694
1. 717
42.3 $1.144 $56. 35
41.3 1.232 58.03
41.4 $1,361 $57. 27
39.8 1.458 60.37
41.2 $1,390 $58. 53
40.3 1. 498 64. 69
50. 92
51.40
51.58
52.54
41. 1 1. 239
41.5 1.240
41.3 1.249
41.8 1.257
58. 17
60.23
61.39
65.33
40.2
41.0
41.2
42.7
1.447
1.469
1.490
1. 530
62.23
62.09
63.15
63.08
40.7
40.5
40.4
40.8
1. 529
1. 533
1 563
1. 546
51.87
52.37
51.89
51. 56
51.65
51.82
51.54
53.72
55. 04
41.4 1.253
41. 5 1. 262
40.7 1.275
40.6 1. 270
40.8 1.286
40.9 1.267
41.0 1.257
42.4 1.267
42.7 1. 289
59.12
62.34
63.28
62. 42
61.97
63. 51
60.63
65. 04
66. 95
39.6
40.8
' 41.2
40.4
40.4
41.0
39.6
41.8
42.4
1.493
1. 528
1.536
1. 545
1.534
1.549
1. 5.31
1. 556
1.579
63. 45
63. 78
64.39
62. 92
62. 76
64.19
62. 64
62. 72
65. 63
40.7
40.7
40.7
39.9
39.9
40.6
40.0
40.0
41.2
1. 559
1. 567
1.582
1. 577
1. 573
1. 581
1. 566
1. 568
1. 593
Manufacturing—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard con
tainers and boxes
1950: Average_____ $57.96
1951: Average_____ 60. 65
Other paper and
allied products
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Total: Printing, pub
lishing, and allied
industries
Books
Periodicals
Newspapers
43.0 $1. 348 $55. 48
41.8 1. 451 59.73
42.0 $1.321 $72. 98
41.8 1.429 76. 05
38.8 $1. 881 $80.00
38.8 1. 960 83.34
36.9 $2.168 $74.18
36.6 2.277 79.28
39.5 $1. 878 $64.08
39.8 1.992 67.48
39.1
39.6
$1. 639
1.704
1951: September___
October. - _ .
November___
December___
59.12
58.93
59. 49
60. 77
41.0
40.7
40.8
41.2
1.442
1.448
1.458
1. 475
59. 78
59.60
59.80
60. 76
41.6
41.3
41.1
41.5
1.437
1.443
1. 455
1.464
77.69
76.27
77.09
79.43
39.2
38.6
38.7
39.4
1. 982
1.976
1.992
2.016
85.13
84. 59
85.51
88.65
36.9
36.7
36.7
37.5
2.307
2.305
2.330
2. 364
83.23
80.07
80. 48
80.11
40.7
39.7
39.8
39.5
2.045
2.017
2.022
2. 028
68. 69
66.31
66.68
68. 03
40.1
39.4
39.2
39.6
1.713
1.683
1.701
1.718
1952: January_____
February___
March______
April_______
M a y ____ _
June________
July------------August______
September___
61.25
61. 13
61.57
60.18
61.83
63.67
63. 05
65. 53
67. 85
41.3
41.0
41.1
40.2
41.0
42.0
41.4
42.8
43.8
1.483
1. 491
1.498
1.497
1.508
1. 516
1. 523
1. 531
1.549
60. 90
60.64
61.59
60. 65
60.61
61.33
61.22
62.94
63.81
41.4
41.0
41.5
40.9
40.9
41.3
41.2
42.1
42.2
1.471 77.28
1. 479 77. 64
1.484 79.06
1. 483 78. 23
1.482 79.86
1.485 80.16
1.486 79. 93
1.495 80.55
1.512 82.08
38.6
38.4
38.7
38.2
38.6
38.8
38.5
38.8
39.2
2. 002
2. 022
2.043
2.048
2.069
2. 066
2. 076
2. 076
2.094
83.13
84.19
84.55
85. 02
87.42
87.32
86. 64
86. 75
88.73
35.8
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.5
36.4
36.1
36.1
36.5
2. 322
2. 332
2.342
2. 355
2. 395
2.399
2.400
2.403
2.431
78. 67
81. 69
84.24
80.99
81.85
82.33
85.81
90.10
89. 66
39.1
40.2
40. 5
39.2
39.6
40.2
39.8
41.5
41.3
2. 012
2.032
2.080
2. 066
2.067
2.048
2.156
2.171
2.171
68.19
68. 56
69.36
69. 68
70. 54
70. 55
69.10
72.16
72.70
39.3
39.0
39.3
39.1
39.3
39.7
38.8
40.0
40.3
1.735
1. 758
1. 765
1.782
1.795
1.777
1.781
1.804
1.804
Manufacturing—Continued
Chemicals and allied products
Printing, publishing, and allied industries—Continued
Commercial printing
Lithographing
Other printing and
publishing
Total: Chemicals
and allied products
Industrial inorganic
chemicals
40.9 $1,660 $65. 69
41.6 1.806 71.62
40.6
40.9
$1,618
1.751
1.830
1.829
1.840
1.851
72.54
71.17
71.63
72. 45
40.8
40.3
40.4
40.7
1.778
1.766
1.773
1.780
1.858
1.845
1.860
1. 867
1.871
1.881
1.889
1.887
1. 908
72.11
72.02
72. 54
73.20
73.67
74.07
74.68
74.88
76.27
40.4
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.3
40.3
40.5
40.5
40.7
1.785
1. 787
1.800
1.821
1.828
1.838
1.844
1.849
1.874
1950: Average_____ $72. 34
1951: Average_____ 75.36
39.9 $1,813 $73.04
40.0 1.884 75.99
40.0 $1. 826 $65.18
40.1 1. 895 67. 42
39.1 $1. 667 $62.67
39.2 1. 720 68.22
41.5 $1. 510 $67.89
41.8 1.632 75.13
1951: September__
October_____
November___
December___
40.5 1. 901
39.5 1.902
39.9 1.919
40. 7 1.935
77.81
75. 96
75.56
78. 47
40.4
40.0
39.6
40.7
1. 926
1.899
1. 908
1.928
67. 70
67.22
66.99
69.38
39.2
38.9
38.7
39.6
1. 727
1. 728
1.731
1. 752
68.43
68.18
68. 72
69.10
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.8
1.641
1. 631
1.644
1. 653
76.13
76. 45
76.36
75. 89
41.6
41.8
41.5
41.0
40.3
39.7
40.3
39.5
40.0
40.2
40.3
40.3
40.4
76. 40
77. 14
78.96
77. 93
79.48
81.28
82.21
84.86
86. 90
39.2 1.949
39. 1 1.973
39.6 1.994
39.2 1. 988
39.6 2.007
40.0 2.032
40.1 2.050
40.7 2.085
41.5 2. 094
68. 99
68. 84
70.71
69. 45
69. 74
69. 26
68. 56
69. 54
70.94
39.4 1.751
38. 5 1. 788
39.0 1.813
38.5 1.804
38.7 1.802
38.8 1. 785
38.3 1. 790
38.7 1. 797
39.3 1.805
69.06
68.81
69.18
69.09
69.73
70.65
70.29
70. 72
71.38
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.0
40.9
41.1
40.7
40.9
41.5
1.660
1. 662
1.675
1. 685
1.705
1.719
1.727
1. 729
1.720
76. 74
75.46
75.70
76. 55
76. 52
77.12
77. 26
76. 80
77.85
41.3
40.9
40.7
41.0
40.9
41.0
40.9
40.7
40.8
76. 99
75.13
76. 57
78. 75
1952: January__ _ 78.18
February____ 77. 26
March______ 79. 55
April_______ 78. 21
M ay ________ 79.96
June________ 80. 52
July------------- 80.64
August_____ 80.00
September___ 81.20
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.940
1. 946
1.974
1.980
1.999
2.003
2. 001
1.985
2. 010
Industrial organic
chemicals
690
G: E A R N I N G S
AND
M ONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Year and month
Plastics, except syn
thetic rubber
Avg. Avg.
wkly wkly.
earn hours
ings
Synthetic rubber
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Synthetic fibers
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Drugs and medicines
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Paints, pigments,
and fillers
Fertilizers
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
42.3 $1. 532 $47.00
41.9 1.643 52.16
41.3
42.2
$1.138
1.236
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
39.3 $1.486 $59. 59
39.4 1.593 62.51
40.9 $1.457 $64. 80
41.1 1.521 68.84
63.54
62. 86
63.10
63. 91
39.1
38.9
38.9
39.4
1.625
1 . 616
1.622
1.622
61.90
63. 51
63. 59
63.67
40.3
41.0
41.0
41.0
1. 536
1.549
1.551
1.553
67.86
68.56
69. 85
70. 27
41.0
41.2
41.6
41.9
1. 655
1.664
1.679
1.677
54.02
52. 92
53.09
54.95
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.6
1.274
1.263
1.267
1.290
63. 38
64. 06
65.18
67. 28
39.0
39.4
39.6
40.0
39.7
39.6
40.3
39.9
40.3
1.625
1.626
1.646
1.682
1. 663
1.665
1.674
1.671
1.694
64. 25
64. 93
64. 55
63.00
62. 37
63.40
62.01
62. 41
63.12
40.9
41.2
40.8
40.0
39.3
40.1
39.1
39.3
39.8
1. 571
1. 576
1. 582
1. 575
1.587
1.581
1.586
1. 588
1. 586
69.63
69.41
70. 66
69.89
71.34
71.72
70. 57
70. 91
71.78
41.3
41.0
41.3
40.8
41.6
41.6
41. 1
41.3
41.3
1 . 686
54. 23
53. 76
54. 23
57.14
56. 31
57. 44
56. 75
57. 58
57.63
42.2
42.1
42. 7
44.4
42.5
42.8
42.1
43.0
43.3
1.285
1. 277
1.270
1.287
1.325
1.342
1.348
1.339
1.331
1950: Average_____ $85. 54
1951: Average_____ 72.66
41.8 $1.568 $71. 93
42.0 1.730 78.31
40.8 $1. 763 $58. 40
41.0 1.910 62. 76
1951- September___
October______
N ovember___
December........
74. 55
72. 36
73.49
73.61
42.5
41.3
41.4
41.4
1.754
1.752
1.775
1.778
78. 44
76.86
80. 42
81.20
40.6
40.2
41.2
41.6
1.932
1.912
1.952
1.952
1952: January...........
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June_______
July_________
A u g u s t_____
September___
73.86
72. 69
73.36
72. 54
73.83
74. 78
75. 92
76. 90
78.78
41.4
40.7
40.8
40. 3
40.5
41.0
41.6
42.0
42.4
1.784
1.786
1. 798
1.800
1.823
1.824
1. 825
1.831
1.858
78.86
77. 62
77.84
78.83
76.75
78.92
80.23
82.49
83.35
40.4
40.3
40.0
40.2
39.2
40.1
40.4
41.1
40.8
1.952
1. 926
1.946
1.961
1.958
1.968
1.986
2. 007
2.043
66.02
65.93
67.46
66 . 67
68 . 27
1.693
1.711
1.713
1.715
1.724
1. 717
1. 717
1.738
Manufacturing—Continued
Products of petroleum and coal
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Vegetable and ani
mal oils and fats
Other chemicals and
allied products
1950: Average_____ $53.46
1951: A verage____ 58.60
45.5 $1.175 $64.41
46.0 1. 274 69.31
1951: September___
October______
N ovem ber___
December____
58. 43
58. 82
58. 95
59. 65
47.7
49.1
48.6
48.3
1.225
1.198
1.213
1.235
1952: January
February____
M a rc h ............
April________
M ay___ ____
June_________
July-------------August______
September___
59. 53
58. 79
59.16
60. 08
61. 20
62.43
61.06
61.80
60. 66
47.4
46.4
45.4
44.7
43.9
44.5
43.4
43.8
47.5
1.256
1. 267
1.303
1. 344
1. 394
1.403
1. 407
1.411
1.277
Soap and glycerin
Total: Products of
petroleum and coal
Petroleum refining
41.5 $1.552 $71.81
41.7 1 . 662 77.11
41.7 $1.722 $75.01
41.5 1.858 81.30
40.9 $1.834 $77.93
41.0 1.983 84. 70
69. 22
69. 55
70.47
70. 72
41.4
41.4
41.6
41.5
1.672
1.680
1.694
1.704
76. 86
77. 39
79.25
79. 06
41.1
41.1
41.6
41.2
1.870
1.883
1.905
1.919
83.21
81.72
81.28
82.94
41.4
40.9
40.7
41.2
70.38
70. 46
70.71
69. 69
70.49
71.15
70. 45
71.82
72. 76
41.4
41.3
41.3
40.8
41.1
41.2
40.7
41.3
41.6
1.700
1. 706
1.712
1.708
1.715
1.727
1. 731
1.739
1. 749
77.79
77.93
78.65
77. 80
78. 50
79.18
80.91
83. 36
86.16
40.9
40.8
40.9
40.5
40.8
40.5
41.3
42.1
42.8
1.902
1. 910
1.923
1.921
1.924
1.955
1.959
1.980
2.013
82.66
82. 09
82.09
82. 34
75.22
84.95
88 . 05
87. 21
89.40
40.9
40.8
40.7
40. 5
37.2
40.8
41.3
40.6
41.2
Coke and byproducts
40.4 $1.929 $62.85
40.7 2.081 69. 47
39.7
39.9
$1.583
1. 741
39.9
39.7
39.5
40.2
1.770
1.743
1.755
1.750
39.6
39.9
39.5
38.5
36.8
35.9
39.8
39.4
39.7
1.769
1.766
1.759
1.780
1.773
1.803
1.816
1.870
1.890
2 .0 10
86.60
84. 68
84.89
87.14
41.1
40.4
40.6
41.3
2.107
2.096
2.091
2 .110
70. 62
69.20
69.32
70.35
2 .0 2 1
2 .0 12
86.67
85.63
85.50
85.68
76. 58
87.83
90. 82
90. 28
92.30
41.0
40.7
40.5
40.3
35.7
40.4
40.8
40.0
40.5
2.114
2. 104
2 . I ll
2.126
2.145
2.174
2 . 226
2. 257
2. 279
70. 05
70. 46
69.48
68 . 53
65. 25
64.73
72. 28
73.68
75.03
1.998
1.997
2.013
2.017
2. 033
2.022
2.082
2.132
2.148
2.170
Manufacturing—Continued
Products of petro
leum and coal—Con.
Other petroleum and
coal products
Leather and leather
products
Rubber products
Total: Rubber
products
Tires and inner
tubes
Rubber footwear
Other rubber
products
1950: Average_____ $66. 78
1951: Average______ 69.09
44.7 $1. 494 $64. 42
43.7 1.581 68. 70
40.9 $1.575 $72.48
40.6 1.692 77.93
39.8 $1.821 $52. 21
39.6 1.968 57.81
40.1 $1.302 $59.76
41.0 1.410 63.26
1951: September___
October..........
N ovem ber___
December____
72. 44
72. 74
67.37
64.75
44.8
44.9
42.4
41.4
1. 617
1.620
1.589
1.564
70.18
68 . 67
69. 46
73. 91
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.2
1. 716
1.704
1.715
1.794
81.64
78.76
80. 27
86.26
40.9
39.9
40.5
41.0
1.996
1.974
1.982
2.104
55.94
56.16
56.64
59.95
40.1
40.0
40.2
40.7
1.395
1.404
1.409
1.473
63.06
62. 68
62.36
65.45
1952: January...........
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June_________
July_________
August______
September___
64. 88
67.43
68.95
70. 54
75.41
74.93
76.05
77.14
79.58
41.3
42.3
42.8
43.3
45.4
45.3
45.4
45.7
46.4
1. 571
1. 594
1.611
1.629
1.661
1.654
1.675
74.19
73.31
72. 58
71. 40
73.47
75.01
72.15
73. 51
74.36
40.9
40.5
40.3
39.6
40.5
40.9
39.6
40.5
40.7
1. 814
1.810
1.801
1.803
1.814
1.834
1.822
1. 815
1. 827
86 .99
40.9
40.6
39.8
39.3
40.4
41.1
39.8
40.5
39.9
2.127
2. 1 1 2
2.097
2.084
2.103
2.136
2.116
2. 099
2.108
60.27
60. 46
61.51
59.42
60. 69
61.38
58.83
61.93
62. 67
40.1
39.8
40.2
39.3
39.9
40.3
39.3
40.4
40.8
1.503
1. 519
1.530
1. 512
1. 521
1.523
1. 497
1. 533
1.536
65. 63
64.43
64.83
63. 68
65. 32
65.73
62. 29
65.33
See fo o tn o te a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.6 8 8
1.715
85. 75
83.46
81. 90
84. 96
87. 79
84.22
85.01
84.11
68.02
Total: Leather and
leather products
42.2 $1.416 $44.56
41.4 1.528 47.10
37.6
37.0
$1.185
1.273
41.0
40.7
40.6
41.5
1.538
1.540
1.536
1.577
45.92
45. 31
45.85
48.61
35.9
35.4
35.6
37.8
1.279
1.280
1.288
1.286
41.2
40.6
40.8
39.9
40.8
40.9
39.4
40.6
41.5
1.593
1. 587
1.589
1. 596
1.601
1.607
1.581
1.609
1.639
49.54
50.19
50.46
48. 53
48.90
50.04
50.01
52.19
51.30
38.4
38. 7
38.7
37.1
37.3
38.2
38.5
39.6
38.6
1. 290
1.297
1.304
1.308
1.311
1.310
1.299
1.318
1.329
C: E A R N I N G S
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
AND
691
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con
M anufacturlng—Continued
Stone, day, and glass products
Leather and leather products—Continued
Year and month
Footwear (except
rubber)
Leather
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Other leather
products
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
36.9 $1.138 $44.85
36.0 1. 225 48.16
Total: Stone, clay.
and glass products
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
38.5 $1.165 $59.20
38.5 1.251 64.94
Glass and glass
products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
41.2 $1.437 $61. 58
41.6 1. 561 65.81
1850; Average........
1951: Average____
$57. 21
60.41
1951: September__
October____
November__
December___
58. 94
60. 37
59. 98
61.11
38.(3
38.9
38.3
38.9
1.539
1. 552
1.566
1.571
42.73
41.83
41.93
45. 57
34.6
33.9
33.9
36.9
1. 235
1. 234
1.237
1.235
48.04
47.08
48. 79
50.17
38.1
37.6
38.6
39.5
1. 261
1.252
1.264
1.270
65.74
65.93
65.03
65.30
41.5
41.7
40.9
41.2
1. 584
1.581
1.590
1.585
65.40
65. 67
65.50
66.28
1952: January_____
February____
March______
April_______
May________
June________
July------------August______
September___
61.82
61. 78
61.78
61. 61
62.17
64. 52
63.91
65. 85
66.33
39.1
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.1
40.2
39. 5
40. 2
40.3
1.581
1. 584
1.584
1. 588
1. 590
1. 605
1. 618
1.638
1.646
47. 52
48. 52
49.15
46. 57
46. 63
47. 74
47.80
50.50
48. 69
38.2
38.6
38.7
36.7
36.8
37.8
38.3
39.7
38.1
1.244
1.257
1.270
1.269
1. 267
1.263
1. 248
1.272
1.278
48.92
49.17
48.80
47. 66
48. 42
48.93
49. 01
49. 95
50. 82
38.7
38.9
38.7
37.5
37.8
38.2
38. 5
38.9
39.0
1.264
1. 264
1. 261
1.271
1. 281
1.281
1. 273
1. 284
1.303
64. 35
65. 23
65.76
64. 88
65.85
66. 09
64. 92
67.16
68.14
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.5
41.0
40.9
40.2
41.2
41.2
1.585
1. 591
1.600
1. 602
1.606
1. 616
1.615
1.630
1. 654
64.14
65. 54
66.59
65.16
66. 78
67. 37
65. 49
68. 57
69.24
39.7 $1. 441 $41.99
39.1 1. 545 44.10
Glass containers
Avg.. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly,
earn
ings
40.3 $1,528 $56.36
40.2 1.637 60. 67
39.8
40.1
$1,416
1.513
39.3
39.8
39.2
40.0
1.664
1.650
1.671
1.657
59.40
61.21
62.22
64.48
38.4
39.9
40.3
41.6
1. 547
1. 534
1.544
1.550
38.8
39.6
39.9
38.9
39.8
39.7
38.5
40.1
39.7
1.653
1. 655
1.669
1. 675
1.678
1.697
1.701
1.710
1. 744
60.92
60. 76
61.89
60. 76
61.70
61.98
61.98
64.74
66.22
39.2
39.1
39.6
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.2
41.0
40.6
1.554
1.554
1.563
1.574
1.566
1. 577
1. 581
1. 579
1.631
Manufacturing—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Pressed and blown
glass
1950: Average_____ $53.71
1951: Average_____ 57.50
Cement, hydraulic
39.7 $1,353 $60.13
39.9 1.441 65.17
Structural clay
products
Brick and hollow
tile
Sewer pipe
41.7 $1.442 $54.19
41.8 1.559 61.01
40.5 $1.338 $53. 75
41.5 1.470 58.09
42.9 $1. 253 $52.17
42.9 1.354 58.19
Pottery and related
products
39.7 $1,314 $52.16
40.1 1.451 57.65
37.5
38.1
$1,391
1.513
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
58.23
56. 64
56.70
58. 76
39.8
39.2
38.6
40.3
1.463
1.445
1.469
1.458
67.01
66.56
65.64
65. 27
41.8
42.1
41.7
41.6
1.603
1.581
1.574
1.569
61.98
63.34
61.98
62.13
41.4
42.2
41.4
41.5
1.497
1.501
1.497
1.497
58. 58
59.91
57.34
57.92
42.7
43.6
42.1
42.4
1.372
1.374
1.362
1.366
59.41
62.10
61.11
60. 25
39.5
41.1
40.5
39.9
1.504
1.511
1. 509
1. 510
56. 98
58.06
58. 79
59. 40
37.3
37.8
38.0
38.2
1.527
1.536
1.547
1. 555
1952: January...........
February____
March______
April_______
M ay________
June________
July_________
August______
September___
58.12
59. 99
60.51
59.30
60. 33
60. 22
57. 47
58.83
59. 55
39.4
40.7
40.5
39.3
39.9
39.7
37.2
38.2
38.1
1.475
1.474
1.494
1.509
1. 512
1. 517
1. 545
1.540
1. 563
65.05
65. 81
65.27
65.89
66. 31
66.00
67.94
68. 54
69.05
41.3
42.0
4L 6
41.6
41.6
41.2
42.2
42.1
41.8
1. 575
1. 567
1.569
1. 584
1. 594
1.602
1.610
1.628
1. 652
61. 21
60. 48
60. 41
59.70
59.79
60.34
59. 92
61.61
62.00
41.0 1. 493
40.7 1.486
40.6 1.488
40. 2 1.485
40.1 1.491
40.2 1. 501
40.0 1. 498
40.8 1. 510
40.6 1.527
55.62
56. 22
56.63
57. 11
58.39
59. 66
58. 94
60. 06
61.47
41.2
41.8
41.7
41.9
42.9
43.2
42.8
43.3
43.2
1.350
1.345
1.358
1.363
1.361
1.381
1.377
1.387
1.423
58.37
56. 76
59.09
60. 39
53.04
60. 49
59. 33
59.37
59.60
39.2
38.3
39.5
40.1
35.6
39.9
38.8
38.6
38.8
1.489
1. 482
1.496
1. 506
1.490
1. 516
1.529
1.538
1.536
58.97
60.92
61.86
60.40
60. 88
60. 21
58.30
60. 75
61.89
37.8
39.0
39.3
38.3
38.8
38.4
36.9
38.5
38.8
1.560
1. 562
1.574
1. 577
1.569
1. 568
1.580
1. 578
1.595
Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Concrete, gypsum,
and plaster products
1950: Average,......... $62. 64
1951: Average........... 68. 37
Concrete products
45.0 $1. 392 $61.15
45.4 1 506 67.41
Other stone, clay,
and glass products
43.9 $1. 393 $60.94
45.0 1.498 67. 67
Total: Primary
metal industries
41.4 $1. 472 $67. 24
41.8 1.619 75.12
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills
40.8 $1. 648 $67. 47
41.5 1.810 77.06
1951: September...,
October_____
November___
December___
70. 71
70. 82
69.06
67. 98
46.4
46.2
44.9
44.4
1. 524
1. 533
1.538
1. 531
69.89
70.12
68.67
68.36
46.1
46.1
45.0
44.8
1. 516
1.521
1.526
1.526
68.35
67. 81
66. 94
67.73
41.7
41.4
40.4
41.1
1.639
1.638
1.657
1.648
75.79
74. 82
75.23
77.73
41.3
41.2
41.2
42.2
1.835
1.816
1.826
1. 842
1952: January__ . .
February____
March______
April_______
May________
June________
July________
August______
September___
67. 49
68. 44
67.83
69. 22
70. 24
71. 17
70. 38
72. 39
73.69
44.4
44.5
44.1
44.6
45. 2
45*3
45.0
45.7
45.8
1.520
1. 538
1.538
1. 552
1. 554
1. 571
1. 564
1.584
1.609
66.66
68. 75
66.14
68.11
69.89
72.15
70. 52
70. 22
72.31
44.5
45.2
43.6
44.4
45.5
46.4
45.7
45.3
46.0
1.498
1. 521
1.517
1. 534
1.536
1. 555
1. 543
1. 550
1. 572
67.52
68.46
69. 45
67. 69
68. 57
68.14
66. 21
67. 87
69. 95
40.6
40.7
41.0
40.1
40.5
40.2
39.2
39.6
40.6
1.663
1.682
1.694
1.688
1. 693
1.695
1. 689
1. 714
1. 723
76. 86
75.85
76.55
71. 53
72.17
73.38
71.89
79. 21
83.73
41.5
41.2
41.4
39.0
39.2
40.1
39.5
41.0
41.8
1.852 77.93
1.841 76.53
1.849 78.33
1.834 70.16
1.841 70. 46
1.830 Î70. 77
1. 820 +72.04
1.932 84.82
2.003 90. 52
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
78. 72
75. 79
77.49
79.44
Iron and steel
foundries
39.9 $1. 691 $65.32
40.9 1.884 71.95
41.9
42.4
$1. 559
1. 697
1.920
1.876
1.890
1.896
71.82
72.24
71.37
73. 69
42.1
42.0
41.4
42.4
1. 706
1.720
1.724
1.738
40.8 1.910
40.6 1. 885
41.4 1.892
37.4 1.876
37.4 1.884
Î36.8 Í 1.923
t37. 7 tl. 911
41.7 2.034
42.4 2.135
72.86
72.32
72.02
71.00
72. 02
71.88
68.66
69.84
74.37
41.8
41.3
40.9
40.5
40.9
40.7
39.3
39.5
41.0
1. 743
1. 751
1.761
1. 753
1.761
1.766
1.747
1. 768
1.814
41.0
40.4
41.0
41.9
692
G: E ARNI NGS AND HOURS
MONTHLY LABOR
T able C -l: Honrs and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees
Con,
Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries—Continued
Year and month
Gray-iron foundries
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Malleable-iron
foundries
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Steel foundries
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Primary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Primary smelting
and refining of
copper, lead, and
zinc
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Primary refining of
aluminum
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1950: Average......... $65.06
1951: Average_____ 70. 01
42.3 $1. 538 $65. 46
42. 2 1.659 71.98
41.3 $1. ,585 $65. 43
41.9 1.718 75. 68
41. 1 $1.592 $63.71
43.1 1. 756 70.13
41.0 $1. 554 $62.37
41.4 1.694 69. 34
40.9 $1. 525 $63.97
41.3 1.679 70. 92
40.9
41.5
$1. 564
1.709
1951: September...
October_____
November__
December__
68. 93
69. 47
68. 96
70. 43
41.4
41.4
41.0
41.6
1. 665
1.678
1.682
1.693
71.84
71.69
70. 79
72.99
41.5
41.2
40.5
41.4
1.731
1.740
1.748
1. 763
76. 33
76. 64
76.37
79. 56
43.2
43.2
43.0
44.1
1.767
1.774
1.776
1.804
68. 64
70. 47
69. 95
71.58
40.4
41.6
41.1
41.4
1. 699
1.694
1.702
1.729
67.31
70. 01
69.17
72.44
39.9
41. 6
41.1
41.8
1.687
1.683
1.683
1.733
71.05
72. 24
71.70
69.12
41. 5
42.1
41.3
40.4
1.712
1. 716
1. 736
1.711
1952: January.........
February___
March_____
April_______
May_______
June_______
July_______
August_____
September. _.
70.59
68. 75
69.63
68.60
68.80
68. 51
64. 58
68. 66
73.10
41.4
40.3
40.6
40. 0
40.0
39.9
38.6
39.8
41.3
1.705
1.706
1.715
1. 715
1.720
1.717
1.673
1. 725
1. 770
70.79
70.09
68. 85
68. 58
71.18
72. 22
64.86
59.81
73. 67
40.2
39.8
38.9
38.7
39.7
39.9
36.6
34.0
39.8
1.761
1. 761
1.770
1.772
1.793
1.810
1.772
1.759
1.851
77.01
78. 78
76.97
75. 20
76. 97
76. 83
75.15
74. 24
74. 51
42.9 1.795
43.5 1.811
42. 2 1.824
41.8 1.799
42.5 1.811
42.1 1. 825
41.0 1.833
40. 5 1.833
40. 1 1.858
73.54
73. 17
74.03
73. 33
74. 41
74. 36
75. 55
75. 97
77.31
41.5
41. 6
41.8
41.5
41.9
41.8
41.9
41.4
41.5
1.772
1. 759
1.771
1. 767
1.776
1.779
1.803
1.835
1.863
74.82
73. 77
74.67
73. 88
74. 31
75. 05
75. 07
74. 23
76. 20
41.8
41.7
41.9
41.6
41.7
42.0
41.5
41.4
41.8
1.790
1. 769
1.782
1. 776
1.782
1.787
1.809
1.793
1.823
71.60
72. 19
72.15
72. 10
74. 42
72. 29
75.98
79. 48
80. 69
41.8
41. 9
41.8
41.7
42.6
41. 5
42.9
41. 7
41.7
1.713
1. 723
1.726
1.729
1. 747
1. 742
1. 771
1. 906
1.935
Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries—Continued
R olling, drawing,
and alloying of
nonferrous metals
R olling, drawing,
and alloying of
copper
Rolling, drawing,
and alloying of Nonferrous foundries Other primary metal
industries
aluminum
Iron and steel
forgings
1950: Average.......... $66. 75
1951: Average_____ 68. 70
41.9 $1. 593 $70. 24
40. 7 1.688 70. 47
42.7 $1.645 $59.99
40.9 1.723 64.14
40.1 $1. 496 $67. 65
39.4 1. 628 73.83
41.5 $1.630 $71.27
41.9 1.762 79.45
41.9 $1. 701 $74.09
42.6 1.865 84. 87
41.6
43.3
$1.781
1.960
1951: September___ 67.64
40.0
40.6
40.6
42.1
1.691
1.690
1.698
1.734
69. 41
70. 54
69.04
75.35
40.4
40.8
40.0
42.5
1. 718
1.729
1.726
1.773
63.36
64. 39
66. 50
67. 07
38.4
39.6
40.4
40.6
1.650
1.626
1.646
1. 652
74. 76
75.08
74. 48
77. 97
42.0
41.9
41.4
42.7
1.780
1.792
1. 799
1.826
79.21
80. 49
80.39
83. 69
42.0
42.7
42.4
43.5
1.886
1.885
1.896
1.924
84.14
87. 21
85.46
91.10
42. 6
43.8
42.9
44.7
1 975
1. 991
1.992
2. 038
1952: January_____
41.4
40.7
40.7
40. 4
40.5
40.8
41. 4
42.0
41.8
1.728
1. 725
1.738
1.729
1.740
1. 741
1. 762
1.832
1.864
73. 37
71.33
72.11
71.33
71.64
73.23
76.38
77.90
79.76
41.5
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.2
41.0
41.9
42.5
42.7
1.768
1. 770
1.785
1.770
1.782
1.786
1.823
1.833
1.868
67.15
66. 21
66.00
66. 21
66. 77
65. 29
65. 28
73.81
74. 48
40.6
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.2
39.5
39.3
40.4
39.7
1. 654
1.647
1.646
1.647
1. 661
1. 653
1. 661
1.827
1.876
78.88
76.94
77.24
74. 79
74. 97
75. 56
72. 55
74. 06
77. 71
42.8
42.0
42.0
40.8
40.7
41. 0
39.6
40. 1
40.9
1.843
1. 832
1.839
1.833
1.842
1.843
1.832
1.847
1.900
82.75
83.01
81.79
77.40
78.69
79. 46
75.48
77. 74
80. 69
43.1
43.1
42.4
40.5
41.2
41.3
39.6
40.3
41.0
1.920
1.926
1.929
1.911
1.910
1.924
1.906
1.929
1.968
91.30
89. 85
87.51
84. 44
85.03
84. 50
75.89
77. 66
82.64
44. 8
44.0
43.0
41.8
42.2
42.0
38.6
39.6
41.3
2.038
2. 042
2.035
2. 020
2.015
2.012
1. 966
1.961
2.001
October_____ 68.61
November___ 68.94
December....... 73.00
February____
March______
April_______
May________
June________
July________
August______
September___
71.54
70. 21
70.74
69. 85
70. 47
71.03
72. 95
76. 94
77. 92
Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal in
dustries—Con.
Wire drawing
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)
Total: Fabricated
m etal products
(except ordnance,
machinery, and
tr a n sp o r ta tio n
equipment)
Tin cans and other
tinware
Cutlery, hand tools,
and hardware
Cutlery and edge
tools
Hand tools
1950: Average_____ $73. 79
1951: Average_____ 80.15
42.9 $1.720 $63. 42
43.0 1.864 69.35
41.4 $1.532 $60.90
41.7 1.663 66. 45
41.6 $1. 464 $61.01
41.3 1.609 66.47
41.5 $1. 470 $55. 54
41.7 1.594 60.53
41.7 $1.332 $61.31
41.6 1.455 69. 49
41.2
42.5
$1.488
1. 635
1951: September___
October...........
November___
December___
80.06
78. 70
80.33
81.00
42.7
42. 2
42.5
42.9
1.875
1.865
1. 890
1.888
70.14
70.39
69.92
71.78
41.7
41.7
41.4
42.3
1.682
1.688
1.689
1.697
72.11
68. «2
66. 50
68. 51
43.1
41.3
40.7
41.9
1. 673
1. 659
1.634
1.635
66.41
66. 78
66. 74
68. 21
41.2
41.3
41.3
42.0
1.612
1.617
1.616
1.624
60.55
60. 31
60.87
62. 36
41.3
41.0
41.1
41.6
1.466
1.471
1.481
1.499
69.09
69.30
68. 06
69. 68
42.0
41. 9
41.1
42.1
1.645
1.654
1.656
1.655
1952: January_____
February____
March______
A pril..............
May...... ..........
June...............
July------------August______
September___
78. 58
79.34
79.04
70.16
75.13
77. 49
78.45
79.88
77.34
41.6
42.0
41.8
37. 6
40.2
41.0
40. 9
40. 9
39. 2
1.889
1.889
1.891
1.866
1.869
1.890
1.918
1.953
1.973
71.06
71. 27
71.43
69. 64
70. 95
70.18
67. 66
69. 99
73. 74
41.8
41.8
41.7
40.7
41.3
40.9
39.8
40.6
41.8
1.700
1. 705
1.713
1.711
1.718
1.716
1.700
1. 724
1.764
66. 22
65. 65
67.57
66. 87
66.74
68. 35
70.18
70. 98
73.87
40.5 1.635
40.4 1. 625
41. 1 1.644
40.6 1. 647
40.5 1.648
41.6 1.643
42.3 1.659
42.4 1.674
43.3 1. 706
67.81
67. 57
67.32
66.86
67.60
67. 64
65. 38
66. 40
70. 42
41.6
41. 2
40.8
40.3
40.6
40. 5
39.6
40.0
41.3
1.630
1. 640
1.650
1.659
1.665
1.670
1.651
1. 660
1. 705
61.49
61.39
61. 01
60. 37
62.09
62.57
60.12
62. 29
64. 02
40.8
40.6
40.3
39.9
40.5
40.5
39.4
40.5
41.2
1.507
1. 512
1.514
1. 513
1.533
1.545
1. 526
1. 538
1. 554
69.26
69.35
69.26
68.97
69. 51
67. 93
65. 55
67.35
69.37
41.9
41.7
41.5
41. 2
41. 4
40.9
39.8
40.5
41.0
1.653
1. 663
1.669
1.674
1.679
1.661
1.647
1.663
1.692
See footnotes a t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
69B
C: EARNI NGS AND HOURS
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
Year and month
Hardware
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
I960: Avernce
1QS1* Average
$62.65
66. 70
Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers' supplies
Sanitary ware and
plumbers’ supplies
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings hours
ings
ings
41.6 $1,506 $63.91
41.3 1.615 69. 58
41.1 $1. 555 $67.64
41.0 1.697 75.03
Oil burners. nonelectric heating and
cooking apparatus,
not elsewhere
classified
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Fabricated struc
tural metal products
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Structural steel and
ornamental
metalwork
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.6 $1,626 $61.20
41.8 1.795 65. 93
40.8 $1. 500 $63.29
40.6 1.624 71.74
41.1 $1.54Q $63.23
42.6 1. 684 71. 61
41.3
42.3
$1.531
1.693
1951: September----October _ __
November___
December___
66. 67
67. 32
67. 52
69.09
40.8
41.2
41.4
42.0
1.634
1.634
1.631
1. 645
69. 89
70. 65
69.53
71.49
40.8 1.713
41. 1 1. 719
40.4 1.721
41.3 1. 731
75. 84
75. 58
72.96
75.84
41.4
41.3
40.0
41.4
1. 832
1.830
1.824
1.832
65. 61
66. 91
66. 91
68.27
40.4
40.9
40.7
41.2
1.624
1.636
1.644
1. 657
73.44
72. 59
72.93
74.87
43.1
42.6
42.6
43.4
1.704
1.704
1.712
1. 725
73.66
72.12
73.19
74.78
43.1
42.2
42.5
43.0
1. 709
1.709
1.722
1. 739
1952: January_____
ltebrnary
March______
A pril_____ May________
June------July________
August ____
September___
69. 26
68. 60
68.13
67. 77
68.11
68.83
66.83
67.49
72. 82
41.8
41. 2
40.6
40.1
40.3
40.3
39.5
39.7
41.4
1. 657
1. 665
1.678
1.690
1.690
1.708
1.692
1.700
1.759
70. 07
69. 85
70.35
67. 74
69.99
70.11
68.43
70.90
73.65
40.5
40.4
40.5
39.0
40.2
40.2
39.6
40.4
41.4
73. 61
73. 83
74.09
68.04
71.59
71.25
70.31
73.02
73.93
40. 4
40. 5
40.4
37.1
39.4
39.3
38.8
39.6
39.6
1.822
1.823
1.834
1.834
1.817
1.813
1.812
1.844
1.867
67. 40
67.10
67.55
67. 21
68.45
68. 78
66.79
69. 40
72.36
40.6
40.4
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.6
39.9
40.8
41.9
1. 660
1. 661
1.668
1.672
1.686
1.694
1.674
1.701
1.727
73. 36
73. 74
74.04
72. 23
73.39
72. 02
70.93
72. 99
75.08
42.7
42.8
42.8
41.8
42.4
41.7
41.0
41.4
42.3
1.718
1. 723
1.730
1.728
1.731
1.727
1.730
1.763
1.775
73.74
74. 34
74.99
72.34
73.00
69. 85
70.33
73.47
76.56
42.7
42.8
43.1
41.6
42.1
40.8
41.2
41.6
42.7
1.727
1.737
1.740
1. 739
1.734
1.712
1.707
1.766
1.793
1.730
1.729
1.737
1. 737
1.741
1.744
1.728
1.755
1.779
Manufacturing—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance machinery and transportation equipment)—Continued
Machinery (except
electrical)
Metal stamping,
coating, and
engraving
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
Boiler-shop products
Sheet-metal work
41.1 $1. 512 $64. 22
41.9 1.678 68. 54
Stamped and pressed
metal products
41.3 $1. 555 $66.15
40.7 1. 684 70. 50
Other fabricated
metal products
41. 5 $1,594 $64. 76
40.8 1. 728 70.43
41.7 $1. 553 $67. 21
42.3 1.665 76.73
41.8
43.5
$1,608
1. 764
1. 673
1.682
1.676
1.687
77.24
77.86
77.63
79. 95
43.2
43.4
43.2
44.1
1.788
1. 794
1.797
1.813
1.683
1.690
1.692
1.692
1. 705
1.692
1.670
1.690
1.733
79.81
79. 70
80.00
78.62
79.06
78.87
76.46
77.31
79.49
43.9
43.6
43. 5
42.8
42.9
42.7
41.6
41.9
42.6
1.818
1.828
1.839
1.837
1.843
1.847
1.838
1.845
1.866
1950: Average..,---- $62.16
1951: Average-------- 71.57
40.6 $1. 531 $62.14
42.7 1. 676 70. 31
1951: September----October____,
November___
December___
74.38
73. 73
73.53
75.11
43.7
43.5
43.2
43.9
1.702
1.695
1.702
1.711
70. 68
72. 54
71.13
74.69
41.6
42.3
41.5
43.0
1 699
1 715
1.714
1.737
68. 67
69. 49
69. 64
71.15
40 3
40.4
40.3
41.2
1.704
1 720
1.728
1. 727
70.73
71.52
71.85
73.40
40.3
40.5
40.5
41.4
1.755
1.766
1.774
1. 773
70. 27
71.32
70. 22
72.71
42.0
42.4
41.9
43.1
1952: January_____
February____
March___
April _____
Miay.............. .
J u n e ,___
July ______
August __September___
73.70
74.35
74.78
73. 27
74.30
74. 34
72.28
73. 28
76.34
43.1
43.2
43.1
42.4
42.8
42.8
41.3
41.4
42.2
1.710
1. 721
1.735
1. 728
1. 736
1.737
1.750
1.770
1.809
72.01
71.93
71.32
69. 05
73.02
73. 03
73.10
75.29
77.99
41.6
41.6
41.2
39. 8
41.8
41.4
41.0
41.9
42.9
1.731
1.729
1.731
1. 735
1. 747
1.764
1.783
1.797
1.818
73. 06
73.35
73. 54
71.21
72.41
71.55
66.37
71.16
77.00
41.7
41.7
41.5
40.6
41.0
40.4
38.3
40.5
41.8
1.752
1. 759
1.772
1.754
1.766
1.771
1.733
1.757
1.842
75.77
76.02
76.19
73. 68
74.90
74.30
68.01
73.61
79.80
42.0
42.0
41.7
40.8
41.2
-40.8
38.1
40.6
41.8
1.804
1. 810
1.827
1. 806
1.818
1.821
1.785
1.813
1.909
71.19
71. 66
71.23
69. 54
70.76
69. 20
65.97
67.43
72.27
42.3
42.4
42.1
41.1
41.5
40.9
39.5
39.9
41.7
Manufacturing—Con tinued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Engines and
turbines
I960; Average_____
1951: Average_____
1951: September----October____
November___
December___
1952: January_____
February____
March,, . _
April_______
May________
June________
July.,, ^-------August,,
September___
$69. 43
79. 79
78. 79
81. 76
79. 97
83. 55
84.42
84. 90
83.29
82.37
79. 50
81.99
80.45
80.32
81.06
40.7 $1.706 $64.60
42.9 1.860 73.46
42.0 1.876 74. 52
43.1 1.897 74.01
42.4 1.886 73. 42
43.7 1.912 76. 55
43.9 1.923 75.85
43.9 1.934 76.10
43.0 1.937 77.94
42.5 1. 938 78.25
41.6 1.911 77.94
42.2 1.943 75. 84
41.3 1.948 70.01
41.4 1.940 68.97
41.7 1.944 67.09
8ee footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Agricultural
machinery
and tractors
40.1 $1.611 $66.09
40.7 1.805 75.75
40.0 1.863 77.73
40.6 1.823 76.24
40.1 1.831 76. 58
41.2 1.858 79.23
40.8 1.859 78. 06
40. 2 1. 893 78.63
41.0 1.901 79.01
40.8 1. 918 80. 94
40.7 1.915 79.10
40.0 1.896 77. 64
37.4 1.872 67.69
36.9 1.839 66.55
36.8 1.823 64.30
Tractors
Agricultural
machinery
(except tractors)
40.3 $1.640 $62. 57
40.9 1.852 70.92
39.6 1. 963 72.18
40.9 1.864 71. 65
40.8 1.877 69.97
41.7 1.900 73.40
41.0 1.904 73. 63
40.3 1. 951 73.30
40.6 1.946 76.94
40.9 1.979 75.21
40.4 1. 958 76.34
40.0 1.941 73. 54
35.2 1.923 72.35
34.9 1.907 71.29
34.7 1.853 69.65
39.8
40.5
40.3
40.3
39.4
40.6
40.7
40. 1
41.5
40.7
41.0
39.9
39.6
39.0
39.0
Construction and
mining
machinery
$1.572 $65.97
1. 751 75.38
1. 791 75. 60
1.778 75. 57
1.776 76.96
1.808 80. 47
1.809 79.24
1.828 79. 04
1.854 79.54
1.848 77.79
1.862 77.31
1.843 74. 90
1.827 72. 41
1.828 73.53
1.786 75.84
Metalworking
machinery
42.4 $1. 556 $71.54
44.5 1.694 85. 55
44.6 1.695 86. 77
44.4 1- 702 89. 44
44.9 1.714 87. 33
46.3 1.738 90. 20
45.7 1.734 90. 30
45.4 1. 741 89.82
45.4 1.752 90. 43
44.5 1.748 88. 33
44.1 1. 753 89.55
42.7 1.754 89. 64
41.4 1.749 86.49
41.8 1.759 88.95
42.3 1.793 91.26
43.2
46.8
46.5
47.4
46.5
47.6
47.5
47.0
47.0
46.1
46.4
46.4
45.0
45.9
46.3
$1,656
1.828
1.866
1.887
1.878
1.895
1.901
1.911
1.924
1.916
1.930
1. 932
1.922
1.938
1.971
694
G: E A R N I N G S
AND
HOURS
M ONTHLY LABOR
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except eiectrical)—Continued
Year and month
Machine tools
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Metalworking ma
chinery (except
machine tools)
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
1950: Average__
1951: Average___
$69. 72
84.75
1951: September..
October___
November.
December. .
84.91
89.42
86.89
89.69
46.5
48.0
47.3
48.3
1.826
1.863
1.837
1.857
1952: January___
February...
March____
April..........
May_____
June...........
July______
August___
September..
90. 59
89.39
89.77
88.08
88.45
87.75
84.58
88.83
90.95
48.6
47.7
47.6
46.9
46.9
46.5
45.3
48.8
47.2
43.2 $1.614 $70. 54
47.4 1. 788 81. 99
Machine-tool acces
sories
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Special-industry ma
chinery (except
metalworking ma
chinery)
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
General industrial
machinery
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Office and store ma
chines and devices
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
42.7 $1.652 $74.69
45.2 1. 814 88.08
43.5 $1. 717 $65. 74
46.8 1.882 74.69
41.9 $1. 569 $66.33
43.6 1. 713 76.91
41.9 $1. 583 $66. 95
44.2 1. 740 73. 58
41.1
41.9
$1.629
1. 756
83.68
85.28
82.89
85.75
45.6
46.4
45.0
46.1
1. 835
1.838
1.842
1. 860
90.81
91.62
90. 64
93.68
47.2
47.4
46.6
47.7
1. 924
1.933
1. 945
1. 964
74. 56
74. 43
74.65
76.47
43.3
43.0
42.9
43.8
1.722
1.731
1.740
1. 746
78.15
77. 48
78.14
79. 97
44.2
43.8
44.0
44.8
1.768
1. 769
1.776
1.785
74.38
75.04
74.95
75. 35
41.6
41.9
41.8
41.7
1.788
1.791
1.793
1.807
1.864 84.64
1.874 85. 97
1.886 86.67
1.878 83.37
1.886 84. 66
1. 887 84. 89
1,867 81.01
1.898 83.92
1.927 86.02
45.7
45.9
46.1
44.7
45.2
45.3
43.3
44.1
44.5
1.852
1.873
1.880
1.865
1.873
1. 874
1.871
1.903
1.933
94. 00
92. 70
94.32
92. 61
94.78
95. 61
92.64
92.48
96.72
47.5
46.7
46.9
46.1
46.6
46.8
45.3
45.4
46.5
1.979
1.985
2. 011
2. 009
2.034
2. 043
2.045
2.037
2.080
76.39
76.47
77.25
75. 71
76. 23
76.84
74.13
74.88
77.95
43.5
43.4
43.4
42.7
42.9
43.0
41.6
41.9
42.9
1.756
1.762
1. 780
1. 773
1.777
1. 787
1.782
1.787
1.817
78.90
79.07
79. 02
77. 45
78. 60
78.05
75.68
76.77
79.63
44.2
44.1
43.8
43.1
43.4
43.0
42.0
42.3
43.3
1.785
1.793
1.804
1. 797
1.811
1.815
1,802
1.815
1.839
75. 24
75.04
75.72
74. 85
74.05
75.28
73.93
74.39
76.63
41. 5
41.3
41.4
40.9
40.4
40.8
40.2
40.3
41.0
1.813
1.817
1.829
1.830
1.833
1.845
1.839
1.846
1.869
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Computing machines
and cash registers
1950: Average___
1951: Average___
$71.70
78.81
1951: September..
October___
November..
December1952: January___
February...
March____
April_____
May______
June......... .
July--------August____
September..
Typewriters
Service-industry and Refrigerators and airhousehold machines
conditioning units
Miscellaneous ma
chinery parts
Ball and roller bear
ings
40.9 $1. 753 $62.08
41.5 1.899 68.00
41.5 $1.496 $67. 26
42.5 1.600 71. 06
41.7 $1.613 $66.42
40.7 1. 746 69. 41
41.1 $1.616 $66.15
39.8 1. 744 74. 26
42.0 $1 575 $68.55
43.2 1 719 76.69
42.5
43.4
$1.613
1. 767
80. 48
81.17
81.62
81. 91
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.6
1.944
1.956
1.962
1.969
67.45
68.42
68. 51
68.51
42.0
42.6
42.5
41.9
1.606
1.606
1.612
1.635
71.32
71.73
72.41
74.04
40.5
40.5
40.7
41.2
1. 761
1. 771
1.779
1.797
70. 26
70.25
71. 44
72. 80
39.9
39.8
40.0
40.4
1. 761
1.765
1.786
1. 802
74.13
74. 82
74.00
75.86
42.8
43.1
42.6
43.4
1 732
1 736
1 737
1 748
76. 46
77.20
75. 28
76. 70
43.1
43.3
42.2
42.8
1.774
1.783
1.784
1. 792
82.43
81.08
82.15
80. 99
80.24
81.16
80.76
81.44
83.84
41.8
41.2
41.3
40.7
40.3
40.7
40.5
40.6
41.1
1.972
1.968
1.989
1.990
1.991
1.994
1.994
2.006
2.040
67.81
69.18
69.26
68. 52
67.13
70. 68
67.14
69.49
70.63
41.4
41.7
41.8
41.2
40.2
41.7
40.4
40.9
41.4
1.638
1.659
1.657
1. 663
1. 670
1.695
1.662
1.699
1.706
75. 59
74. 49
74.03
72.34
73.71
74. 56
74.68
74.26
77.15
41.9
41.2
40.7
39.9
40.5
40.9
40.7
40.6
41.5
1.804
1.808
1.819
1.813
1.820
1.823
1.835
1.829
1.859
75. 25
74.65
74.11
70. 90
72. 90
74.91
75.07
75.81
78.04
41.6
41.2
40.7
39.3
40.1
41.0
40.8
41.0
41.6
1.809
1.812
1.821
1.804
1.818
1.827
1.810
1.849
1.876
76. 39
75. 85
75.66
74.16
74. 69
74.14
72.19
73.17
75.92
43.5
43.0
42.7
41.9
42.1
41.7
40.9
41.2
42.2
1. 772
1. 770
1. 774
1. 778
1 765
1. 776
1 . 799
1. 756
1 764
78.38
76.73
76. 70
73.62
73. 28
72.43
70.31
70.96
75.08
43.4
42.7
42.4
41.2
41.1
40.6
40.2
39.8
41.3
1.806
1.797
1. 809
1. 787
1.783
1.784
1.749
1.783
1.818
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except
electrical)—Con.
Machine shops (job
and repair)
Electrical machinery
Total: Electrical ma
chinery
Electrical generat
ing, transmission,
distribution, and
industrial appa
ratus
Motors, generators,
transformers, and
industrial controls
1950: Average_____ $65.18
1951: Average_____ 74.17
41.7 $1.563 $60.83
43.2 1. 717 66. 86
41.1 $1.480 $63. 75
41.4 1. 615 71.53
41.1 $1.551 $64.90
42.1 1.699 72.92
1851: September___
October......... .
N ovem ber....
December___
74.08
74.81
75. 90
78.15
42.6
42.8
43.1
44.2
1.739
1.748
1. 761
1.768
68. 06
68. 27
69.10
69. 97
41.5
41.5
41.8
42.0
1.640
1.645
1.653
1. 666
73.01
73. 26
73.78
74.81
42.3
42.3
42.4
42.7
1.726
1.732
1.740
1. 752
1952: January_____
February____
March______
April_______
May________
June........... .
July------------August............
September___
78.14
78. 62
78. 58
78.21
78.83
78. 42
75.74
76.46
78.45
44.0
43.9
43.8
43.4
43.6
43.3
42.1
42.5
43.2
1.776
1. 791
1.794
1.802
1.808
1. 811
1.799
1.799
1.816
70.22
69.93
70.43
69. 03
68.90
69.73
67.91
69.94
72.24
41.9
41.6
41.5
40.7
40.6
40.9
39.9
40.9
41.9
1.676
1.681
1.697
1.696
1.697
1. 705
1.702
1.710
1.724
75.19
75. 06
76.37
75.11
73. 64
74. 67
73.35
73.60
76.97
42.7
42.5
42.5
41.8
41.3
41.6
41.0
41.0
42.5
1.761
1.766
1.797
1.797
1.783
1.795
1.789
1.795
1.811
See footnotes at end of table,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Electrical equipment
for vehicles
Communication
equipment
41.1 $1.579 $66.22
42.1 1.732 68. 84
41.7 $1.588 $56. 20
40.4 1.704 61.86
40.9
41.1
$1.374
1. 505
74. 48
74.70
75.30
75. 95
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
1.765
1. 766
1.776
1.787
70.08
70.32
70.86
72. 99
40.3
40.3
40.4
41.1
1.739
1. 745
1. 754
1. 776
62. 75
63. 87
65.02
64.69
41.2
41.5
42.0
41.6
1.523
1.539
1.548
1.555
76.92
76. 37
78.35
77.20
74.56
76. 09
74.48
74.24
78.34
42.9
42. 5
42.7
42.0
41.1
41.6
40.9
40.7
42.6
1.793
1.797
1.835
1. 838
1.814
1.829
1.821
1.824
1.839
74.41
71.83
72.34
71.66
69.71
72. 42
68.00
71.07
77.60
41.9
40.4
40.3
39.9
38.9
39.9
37.1
38.5
40.8
1.776
1.778
1.795
1.796
1.792
1.815
1.833
1.846
1.902
65.35
65.17
64.86
63.28
64.52
64.80
62.96
66.54
67.06
41.6
41.3
41.0
40.1
40.4
40. 5
39.4
41.2
41.5
1.571
1.578
1.582
1. 578
1.597
1.600
1.598
1.615
1.616
695
G: EARNINGS AND HOURS
R E V IE W , D E C E M B E R 1952
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation equipment
Electrical machinery—Continued
Year and month
R a d io s, p h o n o
appliances,
graphs, television Telephone, telegraph, Electrical
lamps, and miscel
sets, and equip and related equipment
laneous
products
ment
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
1950: Average........... $53.85
1951: Average........ - 58.40
40.7 $1.323 $65.84
40.5 1. 442 77. 20
40.1 $1. 642 $01.58
43.2 1.787 65.73
1951: September___ 59.40
O ctober____ 00.41
November___ 00. 98
December....... 61.14
40.8
40.9
41.4
41.2
1.456
1.477
1.473
1.484
78.76
80. 42
81.33
81.08
44.2
44.8
44.3
43.9
1. 782
1.795
1.836
1.847
66.10
65.61
66.26
68. 89
40.7
40.4
40.5
41.6
1. 624
1.624
1.636
1. 656
61.24
61.01
60.91
59. 62
61.33
61.58
60.25
63.11
63.45
41.1
40.7
40.5
39.8
40.4
40.3
39.2
40.9
41.2
1.490
1.499
1.504
1. 498
1. 518
1. 528
1.537
1.543
1.540
82.19
82.73
81.91
80. 81
82.06
81.16
74.17
80.75
82.13
44.0
44.1
43.8
43.1
43.6
43.4
40.8
42.7
43.5
1.868
1.876
1.870
1. 875
1.882
1.870
1.818
1.891
1.888
67. 77
67.98
68.18
66.60
67.39
67. 76
67.54
69.67
71.65
40.9
40.9
40.8
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.3
41.3
42.1
1.657
1.662
1.671
1.665
1.668
1.673
1.676
1.087
1.702
1952: January..........
February____
M arch......... .
April________
M ay.............. .
June________
July— ......... .
August______
September___
Total: Transporta
tion equipment
41.0 $1. 502 $71.18
40.8 1.611 75. 77
Automobiles
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Aircraft and parts
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
41.0 $1. 736 $73. 25
40.8 1.857 75. 52
41.2 $1. 778 $68.39
39.5 1.912 78.05
41.6
43.8
$1.644
1.782
77. 43
77.14
77.05
79.48
41.1
40.9
40.7
41.7
1.884
1.886
1.893
1.906
77.53
77. 34
76. 44
79.91
39.8
39.7
39.1
40.4
1.948
1.948
1. 955
1.978
79.28
78. 07
79. 85
80. 57
43.9
43.3
43.9
44.1
1.806
1.803
1.819
1.827
79. 47
79.24
80.08
78. 47
79. 57
79.12
75.50
78.15
85.52
41.5
41.4
41.3
40.7
41.1
40.7
39.3
40.1
42.4
1.915
1.914
1.939
1.928
1.936
1.944
1.921
1.949
2.017
80. 55
79.83
80.84
79.68
80. 24
79. 27
71.33
76. 87
88.49
40.5
40.4
40.4
39.9
40.1
39.4
35.9
38.0
42.1
1.989
1.976
2.001
1.997
2.001
2.012
1.987
2.023
2.102
79. 53
80.01
80. 57
78. 08
80.38
80.36
80.66
80.64
85.30
43.2
43.2
42.9
42.0
42.8
42.7
42.7
42.4
43.9
1.841
1.852
1.878
1.859
1.878
1.882
1.889
1.902
1.943
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation equipment—Continued
Aircraft engines and
parts
Aircraft
1950: Average_____ $67.15
1951: Average____ 75.82
41.4 $1. 622 $71.40
43.3 1. 751 85.90
Aircraft propellers
and parts
Other aircraft parts
and equipment
Ship and boatbuilding and repairing
Shipbuilding and
repairing
42.1 $1.696 $73.90
45.4 1.892 89.17
42.4 $1. 743 $70. 81
46.2 1.930 78.53
41.7 $1. 698 $63.28
43.7 1. 797 70. 56
38.4 $1.648 $63. 83
40.0 1.764 71.18
38.2
39.9
$1.671
1. 784
1951: September___
October____
November___
December___
77.65
76. 42
77.95
78.13
43.7
43.1
43.5
43.5
1.777
1. 773
1. 792
1.796
85. 61
83. 20
87.02
88.44
44.8
43.4
45.3
45.8
1. 911
1.917
1.921
1.931
87.33
86.33
87.67
88. 98
45.2
44.8
45.1
45.4
1.932
1.927
1. 944
1.960
78.29
79. 35
78.50
81.16
43.4
43.6
43.3
44.4
1.804
1.820
1. 813
1.828
71.52
73.57
72.37
74.12
40.0
40.2
39.1
40.5
1.788
1.830
1.851
1.830
72.10
74.23
72.97
74. 72
39.9
40.1
39.0
40.5
1.807
1,851
1.871
1.845
1952: January.........
February____
March______
April_______
Ma.v
June................
July. ______
August ____
September___
76. 82
78.40
78. 59
76. 56
78.58
78. 48
78.59
79.06
83.47
42.3
42.7
42.3
41.7
42.5
42.4
42.3
42.1
43.7
1.816
1.S36
1.858
1.836
1.849
1.851
1.858
1.878
1.910
88. 50
85. 66
87.23
81.98
85.13
85.32
85.67
84.82
88. 21
45.9
44.8
44.8
42.7
43.5
43.2
43.2
43.1
43.8
1.928
1.912
1.947
1. 920
1.957
1.975
1.983
1.968
2.014
88.97
87.36
91.21
89.27
92. 75
93. 59
93.48
92.59
94.37
45.3
44.8
45.2
44.5
45.0
45.5
45.4
44.6
44.6
1.964
1.950
2.018
2.006
2.061
2.057
2.059
2.076
2.116
80. 78
79. 75
79. 71
78.33
80.98
80.21
79.32
78.52
83.20
44.0
43.2
42.9
42.0
43.1
43.1
42.9
42.4
43.7
1.836
1.846
1.858
1.865
1.879
1.861
1.849
1.852
1.904
74.85
74.32
76.81
75. 01
76.36
76.03
74.76
76.02
77.76
40.7
40.0
40.9
40.5
41.1
40.9
40.5
40.5
40.5
1.839
1.858
1.878
1. 852
1.858
1.859
1.846
1.877
1.920
75.58
75,04
77.90
75.86
77.12
76. 74
75.57
76.87
78.53
40.7
40.0
41.0
40.5
41.0
40.8
40.5
40.5
40.5
1.859
1.877
1.900
1.873
1.881
1.881
1.866
1.898
1.939
Manufacturing—Continued
Instruments and
related products
Transportation equipment—Continued
Boatbuilding and
repairing
Railroad equipment
Locomotives and
parts
39.6 $1. 675 $70.00
40.9 1.858 81.16
Railroad and streetcars
40 3 $1. 737 $62.47
41.6 1.951 70.48
Other transportation Total: Instruments
equipment
and related products
38.9 $1.606 $64. 44
40.0 1. 762 68.44
1950: Average____ $55.99
1951: Average_____ 60.79
40.6 $1.379 $66.33
40.1 1.516 75.99
1951: September___
October_____
November......
December___
62. 52
62. 55
63.48
65.53
40.7
40.3
39.9
40.3
1.536
1.552
1. 591
1.626
76.96
77.06
76.49
77.81
40.7
40.9
40.6
40.8
1.891
1.884
1.884
1.907
82.05
82. 75
81.93
83. 76
41.8
41.9
41.8
41.9
1.963
1.975
1.960
1.999
71.68
71.06
70.66
71.05
39.6
39.9
39.3
39.3
1.810
1.781
1. 798
1. 808
68.91
71.13
71.06
73.48
1952: January_____
February____
March______
April_______
May________
June________
J u ly _______
A ugust_____
September___
63.99
63. 40
62.84
63.28
66.13
66. 38
65.56
67.17
69.48
39.6
39.5
39.5
39.5
41.1
40.8
39.9
40.2
40.3
1.616
1.605
1.591
1. 602
1.609
1.627
1.643
1.671
1.724
76.79
78.12
78. 55
76.25
76.11
77.79
74.83
76.06
74.68
41.0
41.4
41.3
40.3
40.4
40.6
40.1
39.8
39.2
1,873
1.887
1,902
1. 892
1.884
1 916
1.866
1.911
1.905
81.61
81.90
81.62
78. 74
81.32
82. 31
80.97
81.36
80.50
41.7
42.0
41.6
40.4
41.7
41.3
41.8
41.7
41.6
1.957
1.950
1.962
1.949
1.950
1.993
1.937
1.951
1. 935
72.19
74.22
75. 58
73. 57
72.10
74.17
71.90
71.50
69.43
40.4
40.8
41.1
40.2
39.7
40.4
39.7
39.2
38.0
1.787
1.819
1.839
1.830
1.816
1.836
1.811
1.824
1.827
68.80
68. 72
70.39
70.69
71.28
73.02
72.38
72.72
71.99
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41.9 $1. 538 $60.81
42.3 1. 618 68.87
41.2
42.2
$1.476
1.632
42.3
42.9
42.6
44.0
1.629
1.658
1.668
1.670
69.93
70.26
70.98
71.70
42.2
42.3
42.5
42.6
1.657
1.661
1.670
1.683
41.9
41.5
41.8
42.1
42.2
42.8
42.5
42.4
42.1
1.642
1.656
1.684
1. 679
1.689
1.706
1.703
1.715
1.710
71.02
71.02 '
71.47
70. 71
71.81
71.97
70.49
71.61
74.23
42.1
41.7
41.7
41.4
41.8
41.6
40.7
41.3
42.2
1.687
1.703
1.714
1.708
1.718
1.730
1.732
1.734
1.759
696
C: E A R N I N G S
AND
MONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Manufacturing—Continued
Miscellaneous manm
facturing industries
Instruments and related products—Continued
Year and month
Ophthalmic goods
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
1950: Average....................................................- $50.88
1951: A verage.................................................... 55.65
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Photographic
apparatus
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Watches and
clocks
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Professional and sci
entific instruments
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing in
dustries
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg. AVg.
wkly. hrly.
hours earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.7 $1.250 $65. 59
40.8 1.364 73.08
41.2 $1. 592 $53. 25
42.0 1.740 59.49
39.8 $1.338 $63.01
40.8 1. 458 71.99
41.7 $1. 511 $54.04
42.9 1.678 58.00
41.0
40.9
$1,318
1. 418
1951: September________________________
O ctober.......................... ....................... .
November________________________
December_________________________
56.19
56.11
55. 36
55.14
40.6
40.6
40.2
39.9
1.384
1.382
1.377
1.382
72.90
73.33
74. 53
74. 96
41.8
41.9
42.3
42.3
1.744
1. 750
1.762
1. 772
59. 98
59. 52
60. 57
60. 55
40.8
40.3
40.9
40.8
1.470
1.477
1.481
1. 484
73. 53
73.92
74.78
75. 95
43. C
43.1
43.3
43.6
1.710
1. 715
1.727
1. 742
57. 61
58. 18
58. 71
60.53
40.4
40.6
40.6
41.4
1.426
1.433
1.446
1.462
1952: January_____ .............. ...........................
February............ .............................. .......
M arch___________________________
April_____________________________
M ay_____________________________
June_____________________________
July----------- ---------------------------------A ugust.. ----------------------------- . . . .
September__________ . . .
____
55.62
56. 22
57.20
57. 49
57.73
53. 52
51.62
54. 97
57.55
39.7
39.4
40.0
40.2
40.2
37.4
3G. 2
38.6
40.3
1.401
1.427
1.430
1.430
1.436
1.431
1.426
1. 424
1.428
75.39
74.92
76.47
76. 62
76. 71
75.84
74.01
73. 55
76.34
42.4
41.9
41.4
41.8
41.6
41.4
40.8
40.5
41.4
1.778
1.788
1.847
1.833
1.844
1.832
1.814
1.816
1.844
59. 52
59. 86
60.68
59. 31
59.40
59.07
56.21
59. 48
60. 63
40.0
40.2
40.4
39.7
40.0
39.2
37.3
39.0
39.5
1.488
1. 489
1.502
1. 494
1.485
1. 507
1.507
1.525
1. 535
74. 77
74. 71
74. 67
73.40
75.27
76. 58
75. 50
76. 47
79.02
42.9
42.4
42.4
41.8
42.5
42.9
42.2
42.6
43.3
1.743
1. 762
1. 761
1. 756
1.771
1.785
1. 789
1. 795
1.825
59. 94
60.18
60. 57
59. 31
60.39
60.01
59.06
60. 66
63. 05
41.0
40.8
40.9
40.1
40.5
40.3
39.8
40.6
41.7
1.462
1.475
1.481
1.479
1.491
1.489
1.484
1.494
1. 512
Manufacturing—Continued
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries—Continued
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware
Jewelry and
findings
42.8 $1.389 $54. 25
41.6 1.493 58. 21
1950: Average_____
1951: Average_____
$59.45
62.11
1951: September__
October_____
November___
December___
61.53
62.14
63.42
66.33
40.8
40.8
41.4
42.6
1.508
1. 523
1. 532
1. 557
1952: January_____
February___
March______
April...............
M ay________
June________
July------------August_____
September___
63. 55
63,47
64. 35
62. 98
63.43
64.66
64. 24
65. 95
70.35
41.4
41.0
41.3
40.4
40.4
41.0
40.4
41.4
43.4
1. 535
1. 548
1. 558
1. 559
1.570
1. 577
1.590
1. 593
1. 621
Silverware and
plated ware
T oys and sporting
goods
41.6 $1. 304 $84.08
41.7 1.396 65. 73
43.8 $1. 463 $50. 98
41.6 1.580 53.54
40.4 $1. 262 $49.52
39.6 1.352 53.65
40.0
40.1
$1. 238
1. 338
57. 25
59. 27
61.07
63.02
41.1
41.3
42.0
42.9
1.393
1. 435
1.454
1. 469
65. 28
64.68
65. 73
69.25
40.6
40.3
40.9
42. 2.
1.608
1. 605
1.607
1.641
53.54
54. 26
54. 53
56.17
39.6
39.9
39.8
40.7
1.352
1.360
1.370
1. 380
53.35
53.53
54.04
54.20
39.9
39.8
39.3
40.0
1.337
1.345
1.375
1.355
60.77
60.44
60.90
58. 93
60.48
61.92
60. 25
62. 45
65. 64
42.2
41.6
41.8
40.5
41.0
41.7
40.3
42.0
43.7
1.440
1.453
1. 457
1. 455
1.475
1.485
1.495
1.487
1.502
66. 30
66.42
67. 44
66. 41
65.99
66.90
67. 55
69. 42
75.04
40.7
40.6
40.8
40.3
39.9
40.3
40.4
41. 1
43.2
1. 629
1,636
1.653
1. 648
1.654
1.660
1.672
1. 689
1.737
57.21
57.39
58.14
55. 98
57. 87
56.92
55. 75
58. 43
60. 76
40.6
40.7
41.0
39. 7
41.1
40.4
39.4
41.0
41.9
1.409
1.410
1.418
1.410
1.408
1.409
1. 415
1.425
1.450
54. 48
54.54
55. 43
53. 92
54.84
54. 68
51. 60
53.80
55. 54
40.0
40.1
40.4
39.1
39.4
39.2
38.0
38.9
39.7
1.362
1.360
1.372
1.379
1.392
1.395
1.358
1.383
1.399
Manufacturing—Con.
Transportation and public utilities
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries— Jo n .
Communication
Class I railroads *
Local railways and
bus lines «
Other miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
Telephone 6
1850: Average_____
1951: Average_____
$54.91
59.20
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
58.89
59. 43
59.84
61.73
40.7
40.9
40.9
41.6
1.447
1.453
1.463
1.484
68.82
72. 74
71.40
69.95
39.1
42.0
40.8
39.5
1.760
1.732
1. 750
1. 771
1952: January_____
February....... .
March______
April............... .
M ay________
June________
July------------August______
September___
61.02
61.50
61.55
60. 49
61.44
61.01
60. 59
61. 90
64.01
41.2
41.0
40.9
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.1
40.7
41.7
1.481
1.500
1.505
1.501
1.517
1. 514
1.511
1. 521
1.535
74. 09
76. 69
71.52
72. 65
70. 57
70. 78
71.86
72. 96
41.6
42.7
40.2
41.3
39.8
39.5
39.7
40.0
1.781
1. 796
1. 779
1. 759
1.773
1.792
1.810
1.824
See footnotes at end of tabie.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Costume jewelry,
buttons, notions
41.1 $1.336 $63. 20
41.2 1.437 *69. 78
40.8 $1. 549 $66. 96
*41.0 *1. 702 72.32
Switchboard operat
ing em ployees7
45.0 $1.488 $54. 38
46.3 1. 562 58.30
38.9 $1.398 $46. 65
39.1 1.491 49.54
37.5
37.7
$1.244
1.314
73.11
73.23
73.11
75.35
46.1
46.?
46.3
47.6
1. 586
1. 585
1.579
1. 583
59. 97
59.94
60.84
59. 44
39.4
39.1
39.2
38.8
1.522
1. 533
1. 552
1. 532
51.23
51.48
52. 79
49.70
38.2
37.8
37.9
37.2
1.341
1.362
1.393
1.336
73.92
73. 52
74.89
74.31
76.17
76. 91
78.14
78.80
78.06
46.4
46.5
46.6
46.1
46.9
47.1
46.9
47.1
46.3
1.593
1.581
1.607
1.612
1.624
1.633
1. 666
1.673
1. 686
59.68
59.83
59. 29
53. 92
60. 60
60.80
62. 29
62.00
62.85
38.7
38.5
38.5
34.9
38.7
39.0
39.3
38.7
38.7
1.542
1.554
1. 540
1. 545
1.566
1.559
1. 585
1.602
1.624
49.63
50.33
49.31
43. 30
52.11
51. 56
53. 25
52.48
53. 53
36.9
36.9
36.8
32.1
37.6
37.8
38.2
37.7
37.7
1.345
1.364
1.340
1.349
1.386
1.364
1.394
1.392
1. 420
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
C: E A R N IN G S
AND
697
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Em ployees1—Con.
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Year and month
Line construction,
in sta lla tio n ,a n d
maintenance employees *
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
1950: A verage...
1951: Average__
$73.30
81.28
1951: September.
October__
November.
December..
1952: January__
February..
M arch___
April...........
M ay_____
June..........
J u ly ...........
August___
September.
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Other public utilities
Telegraph •
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Total: Gas and electric Electric light and
utilities
power utilities
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
44.7 $1.436 $66.60
44.6 1.532 71. 77
41.6 $1. 601 $67.81
41.9 1. 713 72.74
41.6 $1.630 $63.37
41.9 1.736 68.76
41.5
41.8
$1. 527
1.645
83.83
83. 54
83. 79
83.91
43.1
42.6
42.6
42.7
1.945
1. 961
1.967
1. 965
72.33
72.34
72.13
72.21
44.4
44.3
44.2
44.3
1.629
1.633
1.632
1.630
72. 88
72. 92
73.29
73.63
42.2
42.1
42.0
42.1
1.727
1.732
1.745
1.749
73.34
72.85
73. 56
74.56
42.1
41.7
41.7
42.1
1.742
1. 747
1.764
1. 771
69.35
71.39
71.49
71.53
41.8
42.7
42.4
42.3
1.659
1. 672
1.686
1.691
83.90
83.97
83.39
76. 55
83.99
85. 71
87. 63
88. 35
88.78
42.5
42.3
41.8
38.7
42.1
42.6
42.6
42.7
42.5
1.974
1.985
1.995
1.978
1.995
2.012
2.057
2,069
2.089
70. 77
70.90
71.02
(t)
(t)
72. 40
72.84
71.96
74. 46
43.9
43.9
44.0
(t)
(t>
44.5
44.8
44.5
42.6
1.612
1.615
1.614
(t)
(t)
1.627
1.626
1. 617
1. 748
73.20
72.82
73.28
73. 24
73.46
74. 41
74. 78
75. 25
76.29
41.9
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.2
41.2
41.5
41.6
41.6
1.747
1.759
1. 770
1.769
1 783
1.806
1.802
1. 809
1.834
74. 25
73.39
74.27
73.62
74. 25
75.42
76.15
75. 56
77.17
41.9
41.3
41.4
41.2
41.0
41.1
41.5
41.2
41.4
1.772
1. 777
1.794
1.787
1.811
1.835
1.835
1.834
1. 864
70.56
70.38
70.09
70.34
70.20
70. 56
70. 78
71.84
73. 06
41.8
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.2
41.0
41.2
41.5
41.7
1.688
1.700
1.693
1.699
1.704
1.721
1.718
1.731
1. 752
Trade
Other public utilities—Con
Retail trade
vv noiesaie iraae
Electric light and gas
utilities combined
1950: Average...........................
1951: Average______________
$67. 02
72.36
1951: September___________
1952: January............................
February.........................
March_______________
April.................................
May......... .................. .
June_____ ___________
July-------------------------August______________
September_____ ______
Avg.
wkly.
hours
42.1 $1. 741 $64.19
42.8 1.899 68.33
Transportation and
public utilities—
Con.
October______________
November___________
December.......................
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Gas utilities
Retail trade (except
eating and drink
ing places)
General merchandise
stores
D epartm ent stores
and general mail
order houses
41.6 $1.611 $60.36
41.9 1. 727 64. 51
40.7 $1.483 $47. 63
40.7 1.585 50.25
40.5 $1.176 $35.95
40.1 1. 253 37.25
36.8 $0.977 $41. 56
36.2 1.029 44.11
38.2
37.8
$1.088
1.167
74.50
74.02
73.96
73.66
42.5
42.2
42.0
41.9
1. 753
1. 754
1.761
1.758
65.64
65. 44
65. 52
66.58
40.9
40.8
40.8
41.1
1. 605
1. 604
1.606
1.620
50.80
50. 43
49.92
49.92
40.0
39.8
39.4
40.1
1. 270
1. 267
1.267
1.245
37.19
36.56
36.12
37.52
35.9
35.6
35.1
37.0
1.036
1. 027
1.029
1.014
44.29
43. 57
43.28
46. 49
37.6
37.3
36.8
39.4
1.178
1.168
1.176
1.180
73.58
73.62
74. 29
74. 55
74. 62
75. 56
75.50
77.18
77. 52
42.0
41.5
41.5
41. 6
41.5
41.4
41.6
42.2
41.9
1.752
i 774
1.790
1.792
1.798
1.825
1.815
1.829
1. 850
66.42
66.13
66.62
66. 49
66.94
67.59
67. 80
68.01
68.66
40.7
40.4
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.7
1.632
1.637
1.649
1. 658
1. 657
1.669
1. 670
1. 675
1.687
51.22
50.98
50.90
50. 97
51.68
52. 85
53. 09
53. 05
52.30
39.8
39.8
39.8
39. 7
39.6
40.1
40.4
40.4
39.5
1.287
1.281
1.279
1.284
1.305
1.318
1.314
1.313
1.324
38.27
37. 44
37.20
37. 04
37.91
38.80
38.98
38.87
37.14
35.8
35.9
35.8
36.0
35.7
36.3
36.6
36.7
35.3
1.069
1.043
1.039
1.029
1.062
1.069
1.065
1. 059
1. 052
45. 27
43.67
43.63
43. 94
44. 71
45.19
45. 09
45. 09
43.82
37.2
37.1
37.1
37.3
37.1
37.1
37.2
37.2
36.7
1.217
1.177
1.176
1.178
1.205
1.218
1. 212
1.212
1.194
Trade—C ontinued
Retail trade—Continued
Food and liquor
stores
1950: Average__
1951: Average__
$51.79
53. 96
1951: September.
October___
November.
December1952: January__
February..
M arch____
April..........
M ay_____
June_____
July--------August___
September.
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le
2 3 1 0 4 5 — 52------ 7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Automotive and accessories dealers
Other retail trade
Apparel and accèssories stores
Furniture and appliance stores
Lumber and hardware-supply stores
40.4 $1.282 $61.65
40.0 1.349 66.51
45.7 $1.349 $40. 70
45.4 1.465 42.20
36.5 $1.115 $56.12
36.1 1.169 59.61
43.5 $1.290 $54. 62
43.1 1.383 58.64
43.8
43.6
$1.247
1.345
54.24
53. 90
54. 35
54. 44
40.0
39.6
39.7
40.0
1.356
1.361
1.369
1. 361
67.94
67.24
67.13
67.06
45.2
45.4
45.3
45.4
1. 503
1. 481
1.482
1. 477
42.45
42. 49
42.17
43.31
36.1
35.8
35.5
36.3
1.176
1.187
1.188
1.193
60.07
60.50
60.23
62.39
43.0
43.0
42.9
43.6
1.397
1. 407
1. 404
1.431
59.69
60.18
59.10
59.60
43.7
43.8
43.2
43.6
1.366
1.374
1.368
1.367
54.53
54.45
54.87
55.16
55.12
56. 68
56. 96
56. 96
56.33
39.4
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.2
40.2
40.6
40.6
39. 7
1. 384
1. 382
1. 389
1. 393
1. 406
1. 410
1. 403
1. 403
1. 419
66.68
67.37
67.74
69. 28
71.08
71.71
70.91
69. 93
71.01
44.9
45.0
45.1
45.4
45.3
45.3
45.4
45.5
45.2
1.485
1.497
1.502
1. 526
1. 569
1. 583
1. 562
1.537
1.571
43.64
42. 76
41.83
42. 97
42.48
44.22
44.10
44. 34
43.94
36.1
35.9
35.6
35.6
35.4
36.1
36.3
36.8
35.9
1.209
1.191
1.175
1.207
1. 200
1. 225
1. 215
1. 205
1.224
59. 45
59. 72
59. 24
58. 96
60.51
61.27
60.75
60. 72
60.94
42.8
42.9
42.8
42.6
42.7
42.7
42.6
42.4
42.2
1.389
1.392
1.384
1.384
1.417
1, 435
1. 426
1. 432
1. 444
58.65
59.36
59. 21
60. 36
59. 96
61.80
61.85
61.91
62.69
43.0
43.2
43.0
43.3
43.2
43.8
43.8
44.0
43.9
1.364
1.374
1.377
1.394
1.388
1.411
1. 412
1.407
1.428
698
C: E A R N IN 0 8
AND
MONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C -l: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers or Nonsupervisory Employees 1—Con.
Service
Finance 10
Banks
and
trust
com
panies
Year and month
Security
Insur
dealers
ance
and
ex
carriers
changes
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
wkly.
wkly.
wkly.
earnings earnings earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
wkly.
earnings earnings
$ 41. 69
44.07
41.2
41.5
$ 1.012
1. 062
$ 92.79
.913
.834
.837
.840
.852
37.87
37.73
37.93
38.34
41.3
41.1
41.0
41.4
.917
.918
.925
.926
44.72
44. 36
43. 71
44.14
41.6
41.5
40.7
41.1
1.075
1.069
1.074
1.074
83.98
85.09
83.68
86.19
.852
.855
.856
.858
.863
.862
38. 55
37. 96
38.00
38.47
39.00
39.54
38. 73
38. 65
39.35
41.5
40.9
40. 9
41.1
41.4
41.8
41.2
40.9
41.2
.929
.928
.929
.936
.942
.946
.940
.945
.955
44.08
43.14
43. 39
45. 22
46.41
47. 20
44. 45
44.32
45. 83
40.7
39.8
40.1
41.3
42.0
42.6
40.3
40.4
41. 1
1.083
1.084
1.082
1.095
1.105
1.108
1.103
1.097
1.115
89.35
90.25
90. 47
89.00
90. 52
91.08
93. 22
90.45
90.40
$ 58.49
61.31
85
35.38
43.9
43.2
$ 0.771
83.68
1951: September___ __________
50.30
50.78
51.13
51.81
81.78
85.20
83. 88
83.09
60.91
61.32
60.70
62.25
35.78
35. 91
36.20
36. 81
42.9
42.9
43.1
43.2
1952: January_________________
52.05
52.14
52.30
52.03
52.12
51.96
52. 44
52.45
52. 55
82.79
83.17
81.34
82.99
81.54
79.15
79.80
79.93
77.42
62.09
62.11
63. 22
62.68
62. 55
63. 37
64. 76
64.31
64. 59
36. 47
36. 59
36.38
36 . 72
36.76
36. 72
36 . 72
36 . 76
36 . 67
42.8
42.8
42. 5
42.8
42.6
42.6
42.4
42.4
42.1
i These figures are based on reports from cooperating establishments cover
ing both full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay
for any part of the pay period ending nearest the lfith of the month For the
mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants industries,
data relate to production and related workers only. For the remaining indus
tries, unless otherwise noted, data relate to nonsupervisory employees and
working supervisors. All series are available upon request to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Such requests should specify which industry series are de
sired. Data for the three current months are subject to revision without nota
tion; revised figures for earlier months will be identified by asterisks the first
month they are published.
i Includes: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products (except
furniture); furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass products; primary
metal industries; fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipment); machinery (except electrical); electrical ma
chinery; transportation equipment; instruments and related products;
miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
> Includes: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-mill
products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied prod
ucts; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied prod
ucts; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; leather and leather
products.
< Data relate to hourly rated employees reported by individual railroads
(exclusive of switching and terminal companies) to the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Annual averages include any retroactive payments made,
which are excluded from monthly averages.
* Data include privately and government operated local railways and bus
lines.
Avg.
Avg.
hrly.
w kly.
earnings earnings
$ 0.861
$ 81.48
February________________
March „ ______________
April__________________
M ay___ ______________
June____ - - - ________
J u l y ___________________
A u g u s t-____- ______ ___
September______________
Avg.
wkly.
hours
41.2
41.1
$ 46.44
50. 32
October_________________
November.............................
December------ ----------------
Avg.
Avg.
wkly.
hrly.
earnings earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
47
52
1950: Average_____ ___________
1951: Average..................................
$ 33 .
Cleaning and dyeing
plants
Laundries
Hotels, year-round11
Motionpicture
produc
tion
and
distri
bution «
.819
.866
.867
.871
$ 35.
37.
83.95
• Through May 1949 the averages relate mainly to the hours and earnings of
employees subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act. Beginning with June
1949 the averages relate to the hours and earnings of nonsupervisory employ
ees. June data comparable with earlier series are $51.47, 38.5 hours, and
$1,337. Weekly earnings and hours data for April 1952 affected by work
stoppage.
’ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. During 1951 such employees made up 47 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments
reporting hours and earnings data.
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as oentral office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1951 such employees
made up 23 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in
telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
• N ew series beginning with January 1952; data relate to domestic em ploy
ees, except messengers, and those compensated entirely on a commission
basis. Comparable data for October 1951 are $70.52, 43.8 hours, and $1,610;
November—$70.31, 43.7 hours, and $1,609; December—$70.47, 43.8 hours,
and $1,609.
Data on average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not avail
able.
u Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips, not included.
‘ Preliminary.
tD ata are not available because of work stoppage.
JData are affected by work stoppage.
1
18
T able C-2: Gross Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers in Selected Industries, in Current
and 1939 Dollars 1
Manufacturing
Bituminouscoal mining
Manufacturing
Laundries
Current 1939 Current 1939 Current 1939
dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars
Current 1939 Current 1939 Current 1939
dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars
Average__________
Average__________
Average_______ _
A v e ra g e .._______
Average__________
Average__________
10M : Average__________
$23. 86
29. 58
43.82
54.14
54.92
59. 33
64.88
$23. 86
27. 95
31.22
31.31
32.07
34.31
34.75
$23. 88
30. 86
58.03
72.12
63.28
70.35
77.86
$23. 88
29.16
41.35
41.70
36. 96
40. 68
41.70
$17.69
19.00
30.30
34.23
34. 98
35. 47
37.52
$17. 69
17. 95
21.59
19. 79
20. 43
20. 51
20.09
1951 : Septem ber_______
65.49
65.41
65.85
34.89
34. 69
34. 71
81.61
80. 62
81.09
43. 47
42.76
42.74
37. 87
37.73
37.93
19.99
October__________
November________
20.17
20.01
i These series indicate changes in the level of weekly earnings prior to and
after adjustment for changes in purchasing power as determined from the
Bureau’s Consumers’ Price Index, the year 1939 having been selected for the
base period. Estimates of World War II and postwar understatement by
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Laundries
Year and month
Year and month
1939:
Ift41:
1 Q4fi:
1948:
1949:
1950:
Bituminouscoal mining
1951: December............. — $67.40
$35.43
$86.28
$45.35
$38.34
$20.15
66.91
. 91
67. 40
65. 87
. 65
67.15
65.76
67. 80
70. 09
35.17
35. 40
35. 64
34. 70
35.05
35.20
34. 26
35. 27
36. 51
86.39
80. 27
79. 26
45.41
42.46
41.91
35.12
36. 95
33.71
33. 06
42. 55
47. 20
38. 55
37. 96
38.00
38. 47
39. 00
39. 54
38. 73
38. 65
39. 35
20.26
20.08
20.09
. 26
20.51
20.73
20.18
1952: January______
February_________
March____ _______
April__ __________
M ay— ___________
June...........................
July....... ....................
A ugustJ--------------Septem ber2----------
66
66
66.68
70. 25
64.30
63. 45
81.80
90. 60
20
20.10
20.60
the Consumers’ Price Index were not included. See the M onthly Labor
Review, March 1947, p. 498. Data from January 1939 are available upon
request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
* Preliminary.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
G: EARNINGS AND HOURS
699
T able C-3: Gross and Net Spendable Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers in Manufactur
ing Industries, in Current and 1939 Dollars 1
Gross average
weekly earnings
Period
Net spendable average weekly
earnings
Worker with
no dependents
Index
Cur
1939
Amount (1939=- rent dollars
dollars
100)
Worker with
3 dependents
Cur
rent
iollars
1939
dollars
1941: January................... $26.64
1945: January................... 47.50
Ju ly........................ 45. 45
1946: June......................... 43.31
111.7
199.1
190.5
181.5
$25. 41
39. 40
37.80
37.30
$25.06
30. 76
28.99
27. 77
$26.37
45.17
43. 57
42.78
$26.00
35.27
33. 42
31.85
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
100.0
105.6
124.0
153. 6
180.8
193. 1
186.0
183.7
209.4
226.9
230.2
248.7
271.9
23. 58
24.69
28. 05
31. 77
36. 01
38.29
36.97
37. 72
42.76
47. 43
48.09
51.09
54.18
23. 58
24 49
26. 51
27.08
28 94
30. 28
28.58
26.88
26.63
27. 43
28.09
29. 54
29.02
23.62
24. 95
29 28
36.28
41.39
44. 06
42. 74
43 20
48. 24
53.17
53.83
57. 21
61. 41
23. 62
24.75
27 67
30. 93
33.26
34. 84
33. 04
30 78
30 04
30.75
31.44
33.08
32.89
Average....... ...........
Average...................
Average___ _____
Average...................
Average...................
Average............... .
Average..................
Average_________
Average_________
Average...................
Average...................
Average...................
Average..................
23.86
25.20
29. 58
36.65
43 14
46.08
44. 39
43 82
49. 97
54.14
54. 92
59. 33
64.88
• N et spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, social security and income taxes for which
the specified type of worker is liable. The amount of income tax liability
depends, of course, on the number of dependents supported by the worker
as well as on the level of his gross Income. N et spendable earnings have,
therefore, been computed for 2 types of income-receivers: (1) A worker
with no dependents: (2) a worker with 3 dependents.
The computation of net spendable earnings for both factory worker with
no dependents and the factory worker with 3 dependents are based upon the
Gross average
weekly earnings
Period
Net spendable average weekly
earnings
Worker with
no dependents
Worker with
3 dependents
Index
Cur
Cur
1939
1939
Amount (1939= rent dollars
rent
100)
dollars
dollars dollars
1951: September............... $65. 49
October__________ 65.41
November ______
65. 85
December............... 67. 40
1952: January__ ______
66. 91
February.. _____
66.91
March___________ 67. 40
April____________ 65.87
May........................ 66. 65
June......................... 67. 15
July......................... 65.76
August1.................. 67 80
September»............ 70.09
274.5
274.1
276.0
282.5
280.4
280.4
282.5
276.1
279.3
281.4
275.6
284.2
293.8
$54.85
54. 79
54.04
55.23
54. 85
54. 85
55.23
54.06
54. 65
55.04
53.97
55. 53
57.29
$29.22
29. 06
28. 48
29.03
28.83
29. 02
29.20
28.48
28. 74
28. 86
28.12
28. 88
29. 85
$61.95
61.89
61.96
63.17
62. 79
62. 79
63.17
61.97
62. 58
62. 98
61.88
63.49
65.30
$33.00
32.83
32. 66
33. 21
33.01
33.22
33. 40
32.64
32. 91
33.02
32.24
33.02
34.02
gross average weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing
industries without direct regard to marital status and family composition.
The primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring relative
changes in disposable earnings for 2 types of income-receivers. That series
does not, therefore, reflect actual differences in levels of earnings for workers
of varying age, occupation, skill, family composition, etc. Comparable data
from January 1939 are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
* Preliminary.
T able C-4: Average Hourly Earnings, Gross and Exclusive of Overtime, of Production Workers in
Manufacturing Industries 1
Manufacturing
Excluding
overtime
Period
Gross
amount
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
Average____
Average........
Average____
Average........
Average____
Average........
Average____
Average____
Average____
Average____
Average........
Durable
goods
$0. 729
.853
.961
1.019
1.023
1.086
1.237
1.350
1.401
1. 465
1. 594
Index
Amount (1939=
100)
$0. 702
.805
.894
.947
.963
1.051
1. 198
1.310
1.367
1.415
1. 536
Gross
Ex
clud
ing
over
time
Nondurable
goods
Gross
110.9 $0.808 $0.770 $0.640
127.2
.947
.881
.723
141.2 1.059
.976
.803
149.6 1.117 1.029
.861
152.1 1.111 3 1.042
.904
166.0 1.156 1.122 1.015
189.3 1.292 1. 250 1.171
207.0 1.410 1.366 1. 278
216.0 1.469 1.434 1.325
223.5 1.537 1.480 1.378
242.7 1.678 1.610 1.481
Exelud
ing
over
time
Period
$0.625
.698
.763
.814
». 858
.981
1.133
1.241
1.292
1.337
1.437
1951: September...
October____
November....
1 Overtime is defined as work in excess of 40 hours per week and paid for at
time and one-half. The computation of average hourly earnings exclusive of
overtime makes no allowance for special rates of pay for work done on holi
days. Comparable data from January 1941 are available upon request to
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Manufacturing
Exclu ding
overt ime
Gross
amount
December...
1952: January___
February__
March_____
April______
M a y ______
June______
J u ly .............
August *.......
September 3.
Durable
goods
$1.613
1.615
1.626
1.636
1.640
1. 644
1.656
1.655
1. 658
1.658
1.648
1.670
1. 697
1 Eleven-month average.
period.
* Preliminary.
Index
Amount (1939=
100)
$1. 554
1. 557
1. 569
1. 671
1.579
1. 585
1. 597
1.605
1.604
1. 602
1.601
1. 615
1.630
Gross
Ex
clud
ing
over
time
Nondurable
goods
Gross
245. 5 $1. 707 $1.638 $1. 489
246.0 1.705 1 635 1.491
247.9 1.712 1.644 1.507
248.2 1.723 1.644 1. 515
249.4 1.726 1.653 1. 520
250.4 1.731 1. 659 1. 522
252.3 1. 746 1.673 1. 530
253.6 1.742 1.683 1.529
253. 4 1.746 1.682 1.531
253.1 1.747 1. 682 1.540
252.9 1. 733 1.683 1. 545
255.1 1. 769 1.706 1. 543
257.5 1.811 1.731 1. 546
Ex.
elud
ing
over
time
$1.444
1.450
1.465
1.468
1.476
1. 480
1.489
1.494
1.492
1.496
1.502
1.498
1.496
August 1945 excluded because of VJ-holiday
TOO
C: E A R N IN O S A N D
M ONTHLY LABOR
HOURS
T able C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1
Phoenix
State
Mobile
Birmingham
State
Arkansas
Arizona
Alabama
State
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
1951: September___ $50. 43
October_____ 50. 27
November___ 49.72
December___ 51. 58
39.4
39.9
40.1
40.3
51.60
51.34
50.83
50. 44
51.22
49.88
49. 63
52.40
54.25
40.0
39.8
39.4
39.1
39.4
39.9
39.7
40.0
41.1
1952: January_____
February-----M a rch .......... .
April________
M ay________
J u n e ...............
July_________
August--------September___
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
$1.28 $61.86
1.26 61.50
1.24 58. 50
1.28 61. 50
40.7
41.0
41.2
41.0
61. 50
61.00
62.02
60. 55
59. 34
58.09
55.88
63. 04
66.91
41.0
40.4
40.8
40.1
39.3
41.2
40.2
39.4
40.8
1. 29
1. 29
1.29
1.29
1.30
1.25
1.25
1.31
1.32
Avg.
wkly.
hours
41.8
41.8
40.8
41.7
$1.37 $66.88
1.37 71.32
1.35 68. 77
1. 37 70.40
41.8
44.3
43.8
44.0
40.7
40.9
40.3
40.8
40.8
39.1
40.4
40.0
40.6
1.41 68.95
1.43 68. 43
1.41 67.32
1.47 68.88
1.50 70. 55
1.50 73.70
1.52 275. 90
1.49 78. 57
1.52 78.38
44.2
42.5
41.3
41.0
41.5
42.6
2 42.4
42.7
42.6
Avg.
wkly.
hours
$1.52 $57. 27
1. 50 57. 27
1. 42 55.08
1.50 57.13
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.51
1.51
1.41
1. 39
1.60
1.64
57.39
58. 49
56.82
59. 98
61.20
58.65
61.41
59.60
61. 71
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Little Rock-N. Little
Rock
$45. 67
46. 42
45.78
45.92
41.9
42.2
42.0
41.0
1952: January_____
February____
March______
April-----------M ay________
June________
July________
August______
September___
45.07
44. 22
44. 58
45.88
46. 44
47.08
45.92
45.92
46.93
40.6
40.2
39.8
40.6
41.1
41.3
41.0
41.0
41.9
41.2
41.4
40.2
40.8
72.94
74.06
74.75
73. 87
74.95
76.43
75. 36
75.98
77.72
39.8
40.3
40.3
39.9
40.2
40.7
40.4
41.0
41.3
72. 65
72. 52
73.24
70.87
72.92
73.40
70.46
72.43
71.95
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.1
39.7
39.7
41.4
43.8
42.6
1952: January_____
February___
March______
April_______
M ay________
June________
J u l y . .. ........ .
August-------September__
$1. 61 $70. 98
1.65 73.97
1.74 68.45
1.79 74.15
1.83
1.82
1.82
1.81
1.84
1.85
1.70
1. 65
1.69
40.8
42.3
42.3
43.9
1. 56
1. 61
1. 63
1.68
1.70
1.73
2 1.79
1.84
1.84
42.6
42.6
41.0
40.4
41.4
42.2
42.1
42.8
42.5
68. 59
69.44
66. 01
67. 06
69.14
71.32
71.99
75.86
75.65
San Diego
$1.79 $72. 45
1.79 72.45
1.81 73.19
1.82 74. 96
41.2
41.0
41.3
41.8
48.5
49.6
39.3
39.6
$1.78 $69.18
1.78 68. 98
1.82 68.34
1.80 72.67
39.5
39.4
38.9
41.2
74.15
74. 86
75. 08
74.39
75.86
76. 53
75. 41
75.45
77.49
41.0
41.3
41.2
40.8
41.2
41.4
40.9
41.5
41.6
64.12
66.86
67.59
67.48
70.58
71.79
70.69
70.03
72.89
36.1
38.4
37.8
37.9
38.8
39.3
39.0
38.4
39.3
1.83
1.84
1.S5
1.85
1.87
1.88
1.86
1.85
1.88
$1.76 $86.17
1.77 88.37
1.77 71.43
1.79 71.25
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.82
1.86
68.60
70.63
69.37
69.42
69. 95
70.26
69.19
70. 48
73. 67
42.6
44.3
38.5
39.8
37.7
37.7
37.2
37.7
38.5
38.0
38.8
41.0
41.8
65.60
68.08
69. 45
69.52
67.78
72.12
75.44
62. 69
89.80
36.9
37.8
38.1
38.7
38.3
40.5
40.6
34.5
47.5
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.80
1. 77
1.78
1.86
1.82
1.89
Avg.
wkly.
hours
$1.60 $45. 43
1. 58 45.21
1.55 44.40
1.58 44.80
41.3
41.1
40.0
40.0
$1.10
1.10
1.11
1.12
41.2
40.1
40.4
40.9
41.6
41.4
41.2
42.2
43.0
1.12
1.13
1.12
1.12
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.14
1. 61
1.63
1.61
1.66
1.67
1.69
1. 71
1. 77
1.78
46.14
45.31
45.25
45. 81
47.01
46.78
46. 97
48.11
49.02
$1.67 $63. 71
1. 67 61.45
1.78 64.83
1.86 67.42
1.82
1.87
1.87
1.84
1.82
1.85
1.78
1.72
1.76
63.96
65.92
65. 85
65:85
66.42
63. 67
65.04
69.14
67.06
41.1
39.9
42.1
42.4
$1. 55 $64.48
1. 54 62. 73
1.54 64. 68
1. 59 67.78
41.6
41.0
42.0
42.9
64. 94
65.03
65.03
66.08
65. 69
67.14
67.81
68. 95
69. 37
41.1
40.9
40.9
41.3
40.8
41.7
41.6
42.3
42.3
41.0
41. 2
40.9
40.9
41.0
39.3
40.4
41.4
40.4
1.56
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.61
1. 67
1.66
$1. 75 $74. 95
1.75 76.94
1.76 73. 92
1.77 75.43
40.2
41.2
38.9
39.8
$1.86
1.87
1.90
1.90
74. 80
75. 89
77. 41
75. 01
75. 34
76.38
76.96
77.78
79.70
39.2
39.4
39.7
38.8
38.8
39.2
39.6
40.1
40.5
1.91
1.93
1. 95
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.94
1.94
1.97
1.77
1.74
1.79
1.78
1.82
1.83
1.81
1.82
1. 86
Bridgeport
State
Denver
State
San FranciscoOakland
$1. 55 $67. 57
1.53 67.22
1.54 68.60
1.58 69.88
42.4
42.0
42.4
42.8
69. 67
69.80
69.83
66.93
68.47
69.00
68.13
68.98
71.14
42.5
42.3
42.2
40.6
41.3
41.6
41.2
41.5
42.0
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.63
1.63
1.64
$1. 60 $69.07
1. 60 69.05
1.62 70.77
1.63 71.71
1. 64
1.65
1.66
1. 65
1.66
1.66
1. 65
1. 66
1. 69
70.16
71.11
71.76
69. 70
72.85
72.33
70.04
71.06
73.95
1951: September___ $76. 99
October_____ 74. 76
N ovem ber.... 79. 79
December___ 80.10
45.0
43.9
45.8
45.8
N ew Britain
N ew Haven
Stamford
$1.70 $69.00
1.70 68.14
1.74 70.08
1. 75 70.98
43.7
43.4
43.8
44.0
41.0
40.9
40.9
41.7
$1.48 $73.15
1.49 70.07
1.51 70. 58
1.52 71.55
42.8
41.7
41.7
41.8
79. 61
79.44
79.31
75.18
75.11
76.10
74. 58
72. 97
75. 28
45.4
45.1
44.8
43.1
42.9
43.4
42.6
42.4
42.2
1952: January_____
February___
March______
April_______
M ay________
June________
July________
A ugust_____
September__
71.49
71.97
70. 77
67. 91
67.83
67. 59
67.10
66.95
68.94
43.9
43.5
42.9
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.1
41.1
41.7
71.23
73.11
73. 59
72.33
72. 40
72. 92
72.16
76. 39
77. 01
41.5
42.0
42.1
40.7
41.1
41.4
41.1
42.2
42.6
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.75
1. 76
1.77
1.75
1. 75
1.75
1. 75
1.72
1. 79
$1.58 $60. 68
1.57 60.94
1. 60 61.76
1.61 63.38
1.63
1.65
1. 65
1.63
1.64
1.64
1.63
1.63
1. 65
62.36
62.47
63.34
60. 59
63. 71
63. 96
63.49
65. 25
66.88
41.3
41.1
41.4
39.6
41.1
41.0
40.7
41.3
41.8
1.51
1.52
1. 53
1.53
1.55
1. 56
1. 56
1. 58
1. 60
42.0
41.6
42.3
42.6
$1.64
1.66
1.67
1.68
41.8
42.0
42.0
41.0
42.6
42.3
41.2
41.8
42.5
1.68
1.69
1.71
1.70
1.71
1.71
1. 69
1.70
1.74
Delaware
Connecticut—Continued
Hartford
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Connecticut
Colorado
Stockton
San Jose
45.1
44.6
38.4
38.9
$1.60 $65. 28
1.61 66.83
1.57 65. 57
1.60 69.36
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Sacramento
California—-Continued
1951: September__ $72. 76
October_____ 73.39
November__ 66. 75
December___ 69. 64
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Los Angeles
State
$1.09 $73. 60
1.10 74.02
1.09 72.84
1.12 74.49
1.11
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.12
1.12
1.12
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
California
Arkansas—Cont.
1951: September___
October...........
November___
December___
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
State
Waterbury
$1. 71 $65. 69
1.68 65.13
1.69 65.58
1.71 66.52
1.72
1.74
1. 75
1.78
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.81
1.81
67.66
66.78
66.85
64.39
65. 74
66. 57
67.34
67. 89
71. 23
42.0
41.7
41.9
41.7
41.9
41.2
41.1
40.0
40.6
41.2
41.4
41.4
42.5
$1.56 $62.44
1. 56 62.58
1.56 64.73
1.59 66.67
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.61
1.62
1. 62
1.63
1.64
1.68
67.26
66. 41
66.54
67. 52
66. 79
66. 55
62. 72
62. 61
67.11
41.6
40.9
41.1
41.8
$1.50
1.53
1. 58
1.60
41.7
41.2
40.7
40.8
41.2
41.7
39.1
40.6
42.5
1. 61
1.61
1.64
1. 66
1. 62
1.60
1. 60
1. 54
1.58
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T able
C: E A R N IN OS A N D
701
HOURS
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1—Continued
Georgia
Florida
Delaware—Con.
Wilmington 3
Tampa-St. Petersburg
State
Savannah
Atlanta
State
Year and month
1951: September.
October__
November.
December.
1952: January__
February..
March___
April.........
May..........
June_____
J u ly ...........
A ugust___
September.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$71. 64
73.48
74. 70
75.36
41.6
40.8
41.2
41.5
$1.72 $49.78
1.80 50.66
1.81 51.50
1.82 52.38
$1.18 $47.94
1.19 49.42
1. 20 48.16
1. 20 48.96
41.0
41.6
40.6
40.8
$1.17 $45.98
1.19 46.10
1.19 48.26
1.20 48.08
$1.17 $54.14
1.17 53.47
1.18 54.68
1.19 55.08
75.82
75.01
75.05
75.59
76.48
76.30
73.13
74.07
78.06
41.5
41.1
40.7
40.4
40.9
41.0
39.0
40.5
41.5
49.95
49.53
51.46
50.48
51.23
51.21
50.42
52.15
51.88
41.5
41.3
42.1
41.4
41.9
41.5
4(\. 8
41.8
41.5
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.87
1.87
1.86
1.88
1.83
1.88
52.37
52.49
52.94
52.14
53.30
53.04
51.88
53.26
53.45
42.3
42.6
43.0
43.7
43.6
43.3
43.0
42.7
43.1
42.7
41.6
42.1
42.1
1.20
1.21
1.23
1.22
1.24
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1952: January.......... 79
3Q
February........ 7 0 4 0
March............ 7 0 7 0
A p ril............. 00 83
May................ 7 3 9 7
June.............. 7 7 4 0
July________ 77 42
August......... 8 0 2 6
September___ 7 5 .66
40
Q
$1.79 $69.31
1.75 69.22
1.72 69.78
1.74 71.46
1 76
4
1 75
39 9
1 75
1 84
1 84
1.87
1 92
1.81
4L 4
41
8
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.4
42.1
40.4
40.4
39.0
40.9
7 4 fi 8
40. 2
74.83
76.91
76.64
76.95
75.03
74.64
75.39
71.42
3 9 .7
1.8 8
40.5
40.3
40.6
40 0
40.1
40.1
40.0
1.90
1.90
1.90
1 86
1.8 8
1.8 6
1.8 8
1.79
73 83
74.23
73.33
73.07
72.89
71.83
59.32
70.79
71.51
1951: September___
October..........
November___
December___
$65.84
66. 27
66.89
68.74
41.6
42.0
42.2
42.8
$1.58
1.58
1.59
1.61
1952: January...........
February........
M arch............
April________
M ay.................
June.................
July..................
A ugust............
September___
67.53
42.1
41.6
40.9
39.8
41.2
41.0
40.4
41.0
41.6
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.62
1.60
1.61
$69. 91
68. 69
66. 21
66.04
40.8
40.3
39.6
39.2
67.01
67.64
66.94
66.27
68.18
67.38
67.91
73.02
73.42
39.7
40.1
39.7
39.0
39.8
39.2
39.1
41.2
41.3
$1.71 $71. 20
1.70 70. 82
1.67 70.29
1.69 71.21
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.74
1.77
1.78
71.80
70. 22
69.28
68.07
68.30
69.30
70.23
70.50
73.19
44.4
43.8
43.7
44.1
43.9
43.0
42.2
41.7
42.0
41.8
42.2
42.2
42.8
State
41.5
41.2
42.1
42.4
1952: January_____
February____
March.............
April................
M ay.................
June.............
J u l y . .. ............
A u gu st...........
September___
40.9
40.9
41.3
41.1
41.4
42.0
41.9
41.7
42.0
54.81
54. 81
57.41
57.95
58.37
59.64
60.76
60.05
60.48
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.2
41.0
40.3
40.7
40.9
1.36
1.37
1.39
1.40
1.40
1.39
1.36
1.38
1.44
56.01
55.88
59.06
59.08
60.49
61.05
60.63
60. 21
59.36
N ew Orleans
State
40.6
40.4
40.0
40.2
$1.33 $53.39
1.35 50.73
1.36 50.06
1.36 56.34
40.5
38.5
37.6
41.7
55.07
55.19
55.18
53.91
53.22
55. 77
54.03
55.29
55.45
41.4
41.4
41.2
40.1
39.5
41.2
40.2
41.1
41.1
$1.36 $54.00
1.35 54.54
1.32 54.00
1.30 54.67
1.34
1.34
1.39
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.45
1.44
1.44
40.9
42.3
42.3
42.6
42 6
41.1
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.1
33.3
39.4
39.7
$1.60 $63.83
1.62 63.28
1.61 65.88
1.61 69.39
43.1
42.2
43.2
43.2
69.35
64.81
62.62
63. 55
66.78
63.33
61.68
63.70
64.85
43.8
42.1
42.6
41.7
43.1
41.7
39.9
41.0
41.8
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.63
1.63
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.71
53.47
52.67
54.66
54.10
56.28
58.46
57. 51
57.63
59.02
39.9
39.6
39.9
39.2
40.2
40.6
40.5
40.3
40.7
1.34
1.33
1.37
1.38
1.40
1.44
1.42
1.43
1.45
1.33
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.34
1.35
1.35
57.35
56. 70
55.75
54.34
54.82
56.68
56.23
56. 40
57. 99
41.5
43.0
41.7
43.9
$1.34
1.35
1.35
1.37
41.8
41.7
42.9
42.5
42.9
43.3
43.0
42.7
42.1
1.34
1.34
1.38
1.39
1.41
1.41
1.41
Ï.41
1.41
State
Rockford
$1.72 $75.31
1.70 73.53
1.74 75. 97
1.73 78.82
45.0
43.5
44.7
45.5
79 99
79.38
77.57
78.17
77.80
77.72
72.93
75.98
73.83
46.2
45.5
44.4
44.8
44.3
44.1
41.7
44.0
41.5
1.73
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.78
1.80
1.80
$1.67 $72.84
1.69 73.50
1.70 73.61
1.73 74.92
42.2
41.9
41.7
42.4
$1.73
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.74
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.73
1.78
Kentucky
State
Wichita
$1.48 $78.92
1.50 78.10
1.52 76.91
1.61 77.11
1.58
1.54
1.47
1.52
1. 55
1.52
1.54
1.55
1.55
79.23
79.68
76.10
71.20
73. 22
73.04
74.11
75.58
76.95
46.0
45.6
45.5
45.8
46.0
46.0
43.8
42.0
42.5
42.5
42.6
43.4
43.6
$1.71 $59.98
1.71 61.45
1.69 61.16
1.68 60.75
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.69
1.72
1.72
1.74
1.74
1.77
60.30
60.90
62.59
60.53
63.18
61.92
59.07
62.67
63.18
40.7
41.4
41.1
41.6
$1.47
1.49
1.49
1.46
41.8
41.6
41.6
40.4
42.0
42.0
40.5
42.4
42.4
1.44
1.47
1.51
1.50
1.50
1.48
1.46
1.48
1.49
Maryland
41.1
39.8
38.8
42.3
42.6
41.9
41.5
40.4
41.1
42.5
42.0
41.3
42.5
Baltimore
State
Portland
$1.32 $53. 71
1.32 52.24
1.33 51.78
1.35 56.77
Avg.
hrly.
earn
tags
Indiana
Maine
Louisiana
1951: September___ $56.44
October........... 55.62
November___ 55. 57
December....... 55.12
55.22
55.49
56.43
56.84
56.28
56.99
54.81
56.17
58. 90
Topeka
State
Des Moines
State
65.87
64.08
66.67
66.04
65.61
65.53
67.08
1.19
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.19
1.19
1.18
1.19
1.21
$1.34 $55.61
1.33 57.62
1.35 56.30
1.35 60.14
Kansas
Iowa
66.68
40.0
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.0
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.7
Peoria
$1.83 $70.44
1.83 71.98
1.81 73.75
1.84 73.83
$1.67 $74.08
1.67 73.97
1.69 70.50
1.70 75.16
1 77
40 0
40
40 2
42 1
Davenport-Rock
Island-Moltae
State
State
40.7
38.8
41.0
41.6
47.60
47.40
47.16
47.28
46. 41
47.12
46.37
47.24
49.25
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.8
Illinois
Idaho
1951: September___ $72.85
October.......... 67.90
November___ 70.52
December___ 72.38
1.21
1.20
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.25
39.3
39.4
39.2
40.4
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
$1.31 $59.70
1.31 60.15
1.34 61.49
1.34 61.22
41.2
40.5
40.9
40.7
61.35
62.13
61.96
58.93
63. 21
61.41
60.36
61.62
64.10
40.2
40.5
40.1
38.5
40.8
41.0
40.1
40.5
41.4
1.35
1.35
1.34
1.34
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.37
1.36
$1.45 $64.97
1.48 63.63
1.51 64.44
1.51 63.99
1.53
1.53
1.55
1.53
1.55
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.55
63.98
65.19
65.60
61.23
66.31
64. 50
64.43
67.63
69.08
41.9
40.9
41.0
40.8
$1 .5 5
1. 56
1.57
1.57
40.3
40.9
40.6
38.4
40.8
40.9
40.5
41.1
41.5
1.59
1.59
1.62
1.59
1.63
1.58
1.59
1.65
1.66
702
0 : EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able
M ONTHLY LABO R
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1—Continued
Massachusetts
State
Boston
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1951: Septem ber...
October____
N ovem ber...
D ecem ber...
$60.80
59.43
59.98
62.12
40.0
39.1
39.2
40.6
$1.52 $62.93
1.52 61.46
1. 53 63.36
1.53 64.37
$1.55 $42.63
1.56 43. 72
1.58 41.96
1.57 44.64
1952: January____
February__
March_____
April______
M ay.............
J u n e............
July.............. .
August____
September...
62.28
62. 60
62.46
61.22
61.53
62. 75
61.05
63.02
64.62
40.5
40.5
40.3
39.5
39.7
40.5
39.5
40.3
40.9
N ew Bedford
Fall River
Worcester
Springfleld-Holyoke
Year and month
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.55
1. 55
1.55
1.56
1.58
64.78
64. 55
64.80
64.00
64.16
64. 72
62. 72
64. 56
66.67
40.6
39 4
40.1
41.0
41.0
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.1
40.2
39.2
40.1
40.9
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.63
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
46.05
48.97
48.99
48.21
49.34
48.44
48.68
50.04
52.27
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.25 $52.09
1.26 51.52
1.26 51.15
1.24 53.54
34.1
34.7
33.3
36.0
1.29
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.33
1.32
1.33
1.31
1.32
35.7
37.1
37.4
36.8
37.1
36.7
36.6
38.2
39.6
53.54
53.16
52.58
49. 50
50.37
51.89
51.34
54.39
55.18
38.3
36.8
36.8
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.1
36.4
36.5
37.6
37.2
39.7
39.7
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
$1.36 $65.47
1.40 64.80
1.39 65.85
1.38 67.14
41.7
40.5
40.9
41.7
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.36
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.39
68.95
68.88
68. 64
68.06
67.82
69.47
68.89
68.15
70.14
42.3
42.0
41.6
41.5
41.1
42.1
41.5
41.3
42.0
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.57 $67.89
1.60 68.14
1.61 65.90
1.61 69.46
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.65
1.67
69.63
68.14
67.47
65.46
67.70
67.80
67.13
67.30
68. 78
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
40.9
40.8
39.7
41.1
$1.66
1.67
1.66
1.69
41.2
40.8
40.4
39.2
40.3
40.6
40.2
40.3
40.7
1.69
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.68
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.69
Michigan
State
1951: September___ $75.64
October........... 76. 67
November___ 75.32
December___ 78.53
40.0
40.5
39.6
40.9
1952: January......... .
February........
March........
April...........
M ay_____
J u n e ..........
July............
August___
September.
40.9
40.6
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.3
38.3
39.7
41.9
78.73
77.95
78.76
78.11
78. 77
78.87
74.72
78. 05
85. 27
Detroit
$1.89 $78. 09
1.89 78.92
1.90 78. 05
1.92 81.08
1.93
1.92
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.95
1.97
2.04
80.72
80.12
81.20
79.46
80.63
80.85
76.05
81.64
90.05
39.5
39.8
39.2
40.3
40.1
39.9
40.0
39.2
39.7
39.4
36.9
39.1
42.0
Flint
$1.98 $77.05
1.98 76. 97
1.99 74.61
2.01 78.66
2.01
2.01
2.03
2.03
2.03
2. 05
2.06
2.09
2.14
83.12
78.36
79.08
80.68
80.08
77.62
71.33
73.58
96.05
39.9
39.9
38.6
40.4
42.0
40.1
39.9
40.5
40.3
38.5
35.4
36.3
44.8
Michigan—Con
tinued
42.0
42.0
39.7
41.0
952: January.
February____
40.8
41.7
41.5
41.5
41.6
40.8
40.6
38.5
44.9
March..
April__
M ay__
June___
July___
A u g u s t..........
September—.
73.89
75.85
76.44
76. 40
77.17
75.91
74. 62
70.34
89.80
State
$1. 79 $64.74
1.80 66.42
1.78 67.62
1.81 68.78
1.81
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.86
1.87
1. 84
1.83
2.00
$1.93 $70.16
1.93 70.08
1.93 67. 83
1.95 71.91
41.1
41.1
39.6
41.4
72. 51
72.68
72.81
70.99
72.28
72.95
70.57
74.26
76.89
41.6
41.5
41.3
40.2
41.0
41.4
40.3
41.6
42.2
1.98
1.95
1.98
1.99
1.99
2.02
2.02
2.03
2.14
1951: September
October.._
November___
December__
$61.00
60.12
61.18
62. 51
40.0
39.8
39.7
40.6
1952: January_____
February____
M arch..
A p r il...
M ay___
June___
July----August.
September___
62.80
62.88
63. 91
62.85
63.43
63.26
62.38
63. 95
65.82
40.9
40.6
40.8
40.1
40.2
40.2
39.9
40.8
41.0
68.38
67.83
68.37
67. 47
68.23
69.79
68.63
68. 37
69. 52
41.5
41.8
42.2
42.6
Duluth
$1. 56 $68.00
1.59 69.09
1.60 68.21
1. 61 69.57
42.3
41.6
41.7
41.0
41.2
42.0
42.0
41.6
41.8
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1. 66
1. 66
1. 63
1.65
1.66
70. 21
68. 92
69. 65
68.19
65.04
62. 60
61.81
69.34
67.77
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Kansas City
$1.52 $69.46
1. 51 68. 91
1.54 68.93
1.54 69.94
1.53
1. 55
1. 57
1.57
1.58
1.57
1.56
1. 57
1.61
36.9
41.3
39.6
41.6
85.40
79.48
80.12
83.80
81.97
79.64
69.72
80.86
94.98
42.3
40.2
40.0
41.3
40.7
39.6
35.0
39.5
44.3
$1.97 $66. 50
1.96 79.27
2. 01 74. 55
2.01 82.66
1.98
1.97
2.00
2.03
2.01
2.01
1.99
2. 05
2.14
40.7
40.6
40.6
41.2
41.4
40.8
41.0
40.4
38.5
38.7
38.6
40.0
37.7
Minneapolis
$1.67 $67.47
1.70 67.48
1. 68 67.94
1.69 68.51
1.70
1. 69
1.70
1.69
1. 69
1. 62
1.60
1.74
1.80
69.04
68.85
69.30
69. 96
68.41
66.76
67.20
71.55
71.75
42.5
42.0
41.9
42.5
69.48
69.41
68.90
68.70
69.37
70. 71
68. 95
69.10
71.90
41.7
41.4
41.1
41.4
40.9
39.5
39.3
41.6
41.0
St. Louis
$1. 63 $64.08
1. 64 63.07
1.65 63. 95
1. 65 65. 56
1. 65
1. 66
1. 69
1. 69
1.67
1.69
1.71
1.72
1. 75
65.63
65. 43
66.69
65.87
66.51
67. 55
66. 45
66. 83
68.58
39.8
39.6
39.1
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.7
40.0
40.0
40.5
39.9
40.3
40.6
$1. 61 $69. 64
1. 59 72. 28
1. 63 71.27
1. 61 75.06
1.62
1. 62
1.64
1. 65
1.66
1. 67
1. 67
1.66
1. 69
80.79
81.65
82. 78
81.21
77.55
78. 51
81.42
82.30
78.99
35.0
40.3
37.9
40.9
$1.90
1.97
1.97
2.02
40.1
40.5
40.4
39.5
38.2
38.6
39.2
40.5
39.3
2.01
2.02
2.05
2.06
2.03
2.03
2.08
2.03
2.01
Mississippi
Missouri
State
$1.71 $72.69
1.71 80.87
1.71 79.48
1. 74 83.41
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.79
1.82
Muskegon
Lansing
Minnesota
Saginaw
951: September
$75. 26
October...
75.60
November___ 70. 79
December___ 74. 37
Grand Rapids
74. 77
75. 68
74. 52
72.14
76. 33
76 80
76. 43
79.16
77. 55
42.2
42.1
41.9
42.0
42.1
42.0
41.8
41.6
41.8
42.3
41.5
41.4
42.2
St. Paul
$1.60 $66.40
1.60 67.43
1.62 67.33
1.63 67.43
1.65
1. 65
1. 65
1. 65
1.66
1.67
1.66
1. 67
1. 71
67.39
67.34
68. 53
68. 69
68. 44
69. 72
69.59
70.06
70.84
40.1
40.6
40.4
40.5
40.1
39.6
40.2
39.8
39.6
40.0
40.0
40.1
40.0
State
$1.65 $42.84
1.66 43.05
1.67 43. 46
1. 67 43.26
1. 68
1.70
1.71
1.73
1.73
1.74
1. 74
1. 75
1.77
43.20
43.44
44.06
44.39
45.04
45.45
44.06
46.09
46.42
40.8
41.0
41.0
41.2
$1.05
1.05
1.06
1.05
40.8
40.6
40.8
41.1
41.7
41.7
40.8
41.9
42.2
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.09
1.08
1.10
1.10
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
State
State
State
38.8
41.8
40.6
41.4
41.2
41.2
40.7
39.7
41.3
41.5
41.5
41.5
41.0
$1.79 $60.01
1.73 59.11
1.75 61.77
1.81 62.68
1.82
1.84
1.83
1.82
1.85
1.85
1.84
1.91
1.89
59.03
59.33
58.66
59.14
60.35
61.92
61.01
62.05
60.54
42.9
42.2
43.5
43.8
41.5
41.8
40.9
41.1
41.8
43.4
41.9
42.1
41.2
$1.40 $71.92
1.40 72. 25
1. 42 72.07
1.43 76.80
1.42
1.42
1.43
1. 44
1.45
1. 43
1.46
1.47
1.47
75. 52
78.40
79. 99
81.32
80. 70
81.87
82.12
80.34
80.45
39.3
39.7
39.6
40.0
$1.83
1.82
1.82
1.92
40.6
41.7
42.1
41.7
41.6
42.2
41.9
41.2
41.9
.1.86
1.88
1.90
1.95
1.94
1.94
1.96
1. 95
1. 92
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T able
0 : EA R N IN G S
AND
703
HOURS
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1—Continued
N ew Jersey
N ew Hampshire
State
Perth Amboy
Paterson
Newark-Jersey City
State
Manchester
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
w kly. wkly.
earn horns
ings
1951: September..
October___
November..
D ecem ber-
$54. 54
52. 63
53. 96
56.44
40.4
38.7
39.1
41.2
1952: January___
February..
M arch........
April_____
M ay_____
June............
Ju ly............
A ugust----September.
56. 72
56. 58
56. 44
55. 21
54.80
55. 35
54.53
57 27
57.27
41.4
41.3
41.2
40.3
40.0
40.4
39.8
41.5
41.2
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1. 35 $51. 47
1.36 51.38
1.38 50. 92
1. 37 54. 51
37.3
36.7
36.9
39.5
55. 58
56.00
54.74
63. 62
52. 54
53.10
53.10
55.16
55.81
39.7
40.0
39.1
38.3
37.8
38.2
38.2
39.4
39.3
1.37
1. 37
1. 37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1. 37
1.38
1.39
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.6
1952: January----February..
March........
April_____
M ay............
June______
July............
A ugust___
September.
67. 44
67. 11
67. 51
64. 55
66. 23
65.91
63. 75
67.14
71.01
40.6
40.6
40.5
39.0
39.9
39.8
38.8
39.8
41.0
40.8
40.4
41.0
41.4
69.55
69.96
70.50
68.45
69.42
70.39
69.06
70. 55
71.99
41.2
41.3
41.3
40.1
40.5
40.9
40.2
40.9
41.3
1.40
1.40
1. 40
1.40
1.39
1.39
1. 39
1.40
1. 42
$1.62 $69. 71
1.64 70.18
1.64 68.80
1.65 70.56
1. 66
1.65
1.67
1. 66
1. 66
1.66
1.64
1. 69
1. 73
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.65 $68-51
1.65 68.46
1.67 69.96
1.68 71.14
41.1
40.8
41.3
41.7
71.39
71. 55
71.71
70.32
71. 42
71. 67
69. 92
71. 21
73.57
41.6
41.6
41.5
40.6
41.0
41.0
40.1
40.9
41.8
1.69
1.69
1. 71
1.71
1.71
1. 72
1. 72
1.72
1.74
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
70.36
72. 76
69.55
70. 56
70. 08
69.87
74.93
74. 46
73. 52
44.4
44.7
43.0
44.1
$1
1
1
1
42.9
44.1
41.9
42.0
43.8
43.4
44.6
43.8
43.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
57 $73.09
57 73.16
60 70. 40
60 69.12
45.4
46.6
44.0
43. 2
64
65
66
68
60
61
68
70
69
43.7
44.0
42.1
41.2
42.8
43.4
44.0
45.0
45.4
70. 79
73. 92
68. 20
67. 57
70. 19
69. 87
73.92
73.80
74. 46
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn horns
ings
40.8
40.0
41.0
41.7
$1.66
1.63
1.67
1.69
569. 14
68.18
68. 89
69.34
41.3
40.9
41.4
41.2
$1.67
1.67
1.66
41.4
41.5
41.6
40.3
41.6
41.6
40.5
41.3
41.7
1.70
1.69
1.70
1. 69
1.73
1.73
1. 72
1. 74
1. 75
68.49
69.66
70. 91
67.81
70.59
72.00
70.07
71. 82
73.18
40.6
41.0
41.3
39.7
40.9
41.5
40.5
41.3
41.7
1.69
1.70
1.72
1.71
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.74
L 75
hours
ings
$1. 67 $67. 56
1.68 65.40
1. 69 68.59
1. 71 70.43
1.72
1. 72
1.73
1.73
1. 74
1.75
1.74
1. 74
1.76
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
70.17
70.14
70. 76
68. 27
71.88
71.93
69.57
71.74
73.14
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1.68
N ew York
Albuquerque
State
Trenton
$65. 45
66. 09
65.89
67.07
$1.38 $67.16
1.40 66. 74
1. 38 68. 35
1.38 69.72
Avg.
hrly.
New Mexico
New Jersey—Con.
1951: September.
October___
N ovem ber.
December..
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
$1.61 $65.39
1.57 64. 20
1. 60 66.08
1.60 67.20
39.6
39.0
39.7
40.1
66.94
67.13
67.73
65. 18
66.70
66. 86
66.34
67. 74
68.97
39.9
39.8
40.0
38.8
39.5
39.6
39.0
39.6
40.2
1.62
1. 68
1. 62
1. 64
1.64
1.61
1.68
1. 64
1. 64
Albany-SchenectadyTroy
State
$1.65 $71.13
1. 65 72. 39
1. 66 72. 94
1.67 74.35
41.0
41.5
41.7
42.0
72. 44
73.36
74. 35
72.00
70.01
71.01
70. 56
70.83
73. 21
41.5
41.7
41.7
40.5
39.5
39.6
39.8
39.8
41.1
1. 68
1.69
1. 69
1.68
1. 69
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
Binghamton
$1.73 $61.79
1. 74 62.06
1. 75 62.11
1.77 61.95
39.0
39.2
39.1
38.8
$1.58
1.58
1.69
1.60
62.91
62.50
61.90
62.58
62.44
63. 68
64.68
65.12
65. 46
39.0
38.5
37.7
38.0
37.7
38.6
39.3
39.4
39.4
1.61
1.62
1. 64
1.65
1. 66
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.66
1. 75
1. 76
1. 78
1. 78
1.77
1.79
1.77
1.78
1.78
N ew York—Continued
1951: September___
October_____
November___
December___
$74. 91
74. 26
75.32
75.83
41.9
41.4
41.7
41.9
1952: January....... —
February____
March______
April________
M ay________
June________
July..................
August______
September___
76.13
76. 21
77.61
72. 07
76. 29
75. 45
74. 27
76.13
78. 41
41.7
41.7
41.8
39.4
41.3
41.0
40.5
40.9
41.5
Nassau and Suffolk
Counties
Elmira
Buffalo
$1.79 $64. 68
1. 79 66. 26
1.81 66.38
1.81 66.09
40.3
40.7
40.8
40.3
66.32
67.57
69.34
66. 45
67. 81
68. 28
67. 39
67.01
67. 74
40.1
40.8
41.5
40.0
40.7
40.6
40.6
40.3
40.2
1.83
1.83
1.86
1.83
1.85
1. 84
1.83
1. 86
1.89
$1. 60 $76.87
1. S3 76. 59
1. 63 82.07
1. 64 83.66
1. 65
1. 56
1.67
1. 66
1.66
1.68
1.66
1. 66
1. 68
80. 56
80.19
84.11
79. 81
82. 97
81.44
81.36
82.02
81.87
43.9
43.6
45.3
46.0
44.6
44.6
46.1
44.1
45.3
44.5
44.6
44.2
44.1
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
$60. 93
62.04
62. 86
65. 60
39.2
39.5
40.0
40.7
$1. 55 $63.01
1. 57 60.08
1. 57 62. 45
1.61 61.92
39.4
38.7
39.7
39.4
65.01
64. 24
64.14
63. 85
M ay
64. 91
June________ 64. 76
July
_____ 65.16
A u g u s t.......... 64. 71
September___ 65.05
40.7
40.4
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.2
39.9
40.5
40.5
64.10
64.19
66.00
64. 38
66.17
68.13
61.36
66. 64
69.50
39.3
39.5
40.0
39.0
39.8
40.7
37.3
40.2
40.8
1952: January_____
February____
March______
April
___
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1. 60
1.59
1.60
1. 60
1.61
1.61
1. 63
1. 60
1. 61
37.7
36.6
37.9
38.4
64.81
65.35
65. 95
62. 57
64.25
64. 79
64.85
66.08
67.09
38.1
38.2
38.6
37.0
38.1
38.1
37.4
38.0
38.5
1.81
1.80
1. 82
1. 81
1.83
1.83
1.83
1. 85
1.86
$1.69 $69.92
1. 68 69.82
1. 69 71. 26
1. 70 72.10
41.4
41.2
41.6
42.0
71. 72
70.90
72.07
71.87
71. 73
71.50
70. 88
71. 58
73. 54
41.5
41.1
40.8
40.8
40. 7
40.6
40.4
40.8
41.5
1.70
1.71
1.71
1. 69
1. 69
1. 70
1. 73
1. 74
1.74
$1. 50 $44. 02
44.83
. 55
1. 57 45.96
1. 57 47.19
37.8
38.3
38.9
39.7
46. 77
46. 57
46.11
45.08
46. 35
46.92
47. 07
47.98
48.85
39.2
38.9
38.4
37.7
38.6
39.1
39.1
40.0
40.7
1
1. 53
1. 53
1. 55
1. 35
1. 36
1. 37
1. 64
1. 56
1. ro
$1.17 $48. 53
1.17 48. 22
1. 18 48. 73
1.19 50.43
39.4
39.1
39.1
40.3
50.11
49.91
50. 04
48. 88
50. 65
50. 47
50. 72
51. 89
52. 29
39.9
39.9
38.9
38.8
40.1
40.1
39.8
40.9
41.3
1.19
1. 20
1. 20
1. 20
1. 20
1.20
1.20
1. 20
1. 20
42.6
42.6
42.5
42.7
$1.62
1.63
1.64
1.66
70.68
69.46
69. 82
69.30
70.93
69. 52
67.18
70.38
73.75
42.6
42.0
41.7
41.3
41.7
41.5
40.5
41. 5
42.7
1.66
1.65
1.67
1.68
1.70
1. 68
1. 66
1.7D
1.73
1.73
1.73
1. 77
1. 76
1. 76
1. 76
1. 76
1. 76
1.77
Fargo
State
Charlotte
State
$1. 69 $69.08
1.70 69.38
1. 71 69. 78
1. 72 71.07
North Dakota
North Carolina
N ew York--Continued
1951: September___
O ctober_____
November___
December___
$1. 75 $63.95
1.76 61. 38
1.81 64.04
1.82 65.44
3yracusi9
Rochester
N ew York City
$1. 23 $61.56
1. 23 62.18
1. 25 65. 37
1. 25 62.95
45.7
46. 5
47.2
45.7
60.42
60. 99
59. 56
59.86
61. 22
66.34
64. 86
64.49
67.04
43.8
43.6
43.3
43.7
44.3
46.3
46.1
45.3
45.7
1. 26
1. 25
1. 26
1.26
1.26
1. 26
1. 27
1.27
1. 27
$1. 35 $62. 29
1.34 66.12
1.39 69. 86
1.38 66. 66
44.1
46.1
47. 2
45.8
$1.41
1. 43
1.48
1.46
64.77
59. 84
61. 00
62. 76
62. 29
73.46
67. 64
68.16
71. 52
44.4
41.7
42.7
43.4
42.9
46.7
44.1
43.0
43.9
1.46
1.43
1.43
1.45
1.45
1.57
1.63
1.59
1.63
1.37
1.40
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.43
1. 41
1.42
1.47
704
T able
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
M ONTHLY LABOR
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1—Continued
Ohio
Oklahoma
State
State
Oregon
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
State
Portland
Year and month
ith
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
1951: September.
October.
November.
December.
............
—
March.
A p ril..
M a y ...
J u n e ...
J u ly ...
—
$73.83
73.44
73. 99
72.60
72.56
70.84
71.24
73.61
77.08
41.6
41.2
41.4
40.7
40.4
39. 5
39.9
40.6
41. 5
$1.77
1.78
1.79
1.78
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.81
1.86
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
$64. 65
62.18
63.94
65.85
43.1
42.3
43.2
43.9
63. 60
63.27
64 26
63.08
62.47
66.41
65.63
65.99
66.88
42.4
41.9
42.0
41.5
41.1
42.3
41.8
41.5
41.8
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.50 $62.46
1.47 62.34
1.48 62. 78
1. 50 62.49
44.3
43.9
43.9
43.7
61.91
62.06
61.63
62.63
62. 79
63.36
63.05
62.60
63.66
43.6
42.8
42.8
42.9
43.3
43.4
42.6
42.3
43.9
1.50
1. 51
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.57
1.57
1.59
1.60
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
$1.41 $67.30
1.42 68.05
1.43 68.36
1.43 71.75
$1.54 $77.32
1.59 77. 51
1.55 76.61
1.57 76.97
1.42
1.45
1.44
1.46
1.45
1.46
1.48
1.48
1.45
43.7
42.8
44.1
45.7
70.15
69.01
69.76
66. 40
69.21
74.13
73.70
72.38
73.25
44.4
43.4
43.6
41.5
42.2
43.1
42.6
41.6
42.1
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.60
1.64
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.74
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
76.29
77.25
76.76
79.57
77.72
80.79
80.64
82.03
79.85
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
39.3
39.0
38.2
38.5
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
$1.97 $72.41
1.99 72.87
2.00 71.97
2.00 73.49
38.6
38.8
38.1
38.7
38.1
39.2
39.2
40.4
38.4
1.97
1.99
2.01
2.06
2.04
2.06
2.06
2.03
2.08
72.50
72.48
73.22
73.99
73.83
74.11
72.48
73. 55
73.21
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
39.6
39.8
38.6
39.2
$1.83
1.83
1.87
1.87
38.9
38.6
38.5
38.6
38.3
39.0
38.3
38.9
38.7
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.93
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.89
Pennsylvania
Allento wn-Bethlehem-Easton
State
1951: September.. . . .
October.
November.
.......
1952: January...
February.
March___
April____
M ay____
June_____
Ju ly............—
August.
September.
$64. 65
64.13
64.49
65.79
40.2
40.0
40.0
40.4
66.06
66.15
66.64
64. 01
64. 54
63.24
62.19
66.44
68. 92
40.5
40.5
40.6
39.1
39.5
39.9
39.4
39.9
40.5
$1.61 $63.63
1.61 61.39
1.61 63.16
1.63 63.24
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.60
1.58
1.66
1.70
63.72
63.16
63.44
61.06
61.34
59.21
57.17
64. 92
67.91
40.3
39.3
39.9
39.9
Erie
$1.58 $70. 01
1.56 67.44
1.58 69. 50
1.59 70.00
40.0
39.9
39.9
38.4
38.6
39.5
38.5
40.0
40.3
1.59
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.50
1.49
1.62
1.69
74.91
73.14
72.58
68.91
67.10
69.06
68.22
69. 27
69.26
Harrisburg
42.0
40.6
41.2
41.3
$1.67 $59. 74
1.66 57. 29
1.69 59.66
1.70 59. 75
43.3
42.4
42.1
39.9
39.4
40.6
40.2
40.7
41.3
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.73
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.68
41.2
39.7
41.0
40.7
60.12
59.97
61.14
59.17
60. 08
55. 51
55. 72
62.38
64.10
Johnstown
$1.45 $71.84
1.44 67.52
1.46 69.77
1.47 71.94
40.9
40.6
41.2
39.9
40.0
40.4
39.6
40.8
40.8
40.3
38.6
39.4
40.1
Lancaster
$1.78 $58.93
1.75 57.10
1.77 55.99
1.80 58.08
41.5
40.9
40.4
40.9
$1.42
1.40
1.39
1.42
57.57
58.73
58.57
57. 95
59.33
59.95
60.01
59.95
60.09
40.6
41.1
40.9
40.3
41.0
41.4
41.3
41.4
41.7
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.44
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.50
1.37
1.41
1.53
1.57
Pennsylvania-Continued
Philadelp hia
1951: September..
October___
November..
D ecem ber..
$66.54
66.17
67.40
68.31
40.7
40.2
40.9
41.0
1952: January___
February...
M arch........
April............
M ay.............
June.............
J u ly.............
August____
September..
67.77
68.43
69.25
67.39
68.07
69. 69
68.06
70.45
71.21
40.7
40.9
41.0
39.9
40.3
40.8
39.8
40.7
40.9
Pittsburgh
$1.64 $74.10
1.65 73.73
1.65 73.08
1.67 74.92
1.67
1. 67
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.71
1.71
1.73
1.74
74.64
74.92
74.84
70.85
71.66
71.06
70.42
74.95
81.11
40.6
41.1
40.6
41.3
Reading
$1.83 $58.86
1.79 60.14
1.80 60.06
1.81 60.02
40.9
41.3
41.1
39.1
39.7
39.5
39.1
39.7
41.3
1.83
1.81
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.89
1.96
61.43
61.19
60.14
57.42
60.76
59.64
60.43
61.10
63.20
37.9
38.5
38.6
38.4
39.1
39.2
38.9
36.9
39.0
38.8
39.6
39.7
40.1
Rhode Island
State
1951: September___ $55. 55
October.......... 54.51
November___ 55. 50
December___ 59.47
39.7
38.1
38.2
41.1
1952: January..........
40.5
40. 3
40.1
39.6
39.9
39. 9
39.8
38. 6
41.0
February____
March............
April...............
May.......... .
June.............. .
July............
A u gu st.........
September___
59.10
57.93
58. 27
67.
58. 50
öd. ¿3
68.83
57. 73
60. 51
See footnotes at end of table
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.46
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.49
1.48
1.49
1.48
59.23
59.35
59.99
57.63
57.96
59.47
58.37
56.73
60.70
$1.55 $47.94
1.56 47.44
1.56 47.83
1.56 49.29
1.57
1.56
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.54
1.53
1.54
1.58
49. 71
50. 44
51.09
47.05
50.47
51.16
51.00
51.11
51.46
37.9
37.5
38.2
38.6
$1.27 $46.32
1.27 46.01
1.25 47.30
1.28 48.51
38.3
38.8
39.0
35.8
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.9
39.1
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.31
1.31
1.32
47. 49
48. 55
49.05
44.82
48.94
47.99
48. 71
50.02
50.66
36.7
36.4
37.3
37.9
36.9
37.4
37.7
34.4
37.5
37.2
37.5
38.3
38.7
South Carolina
Providence
$1.40 $55.91
1.43 55.68
1.45 55.76
1.45 59.68
Wilkes-BarreHazleton
Scranton
40.0
39.1
38.9
41.3
40.9
41.5
41.6
40.1
40.5
41.2
40.1
39.7
41.4
State
$1.40 $45.43
1.42 45.82
1.43 46.14
1.45 47.44
1.45
1.43
1.44
1.44
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.43
1.47
46.96
47.24
46. 41
45.43
46.17
46.17
46.53
47.88
49.08
38.6
39.0
38.9
40.1
39.8
39.7
39.0
38.5
38.8
38.8
39.1
39.9
40.9
1.18
1.19
1.19
1.18
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.20
1.20
46.46
47.04
46.92
47.44
48.67
48.14
48.00
48. 67
48.20
$1.26 $52.97
1.26 54.97
1.27 55.27
1.28 56.82
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.31
57.09
56.50
56.22
53.98
56.52
56. 34
55.58
55.90
56.42
40.5
41.3
41.4
41.9
$1.31
1.33
1.34
1.36
42.1
41.3
41.1
39.4
40.9
41.7
40.9
41.1
41.0
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.38
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.38
South Dakota
Charleston
$1.18 $47.84
1.18 48.20
1.19 45.68
1.18 47.91
York
42.0
41.8
40.0
41.7
40.4
40.9
40.1
40.2
41.6
40.8
40.0
40.9
41.2
State
$1.14 $57.99
1.15 56.44
1.14 62.22
1.15 60.91
1.15
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.17
1.18
1.20
1.19
1.17
63.06
63. 71
62.24
60.42
59.66
62.18
60.40
61.99
63.51
42.6
41.6
44.8
43.6
45.2
45.0
43.8
42.7
42.7
44.4
43.2
43.2
44.3
Sioux Falls
$1.36 $62. 21
1.36 59. 46
1.39 67.78
1.40 69. 55
1.40
1.42
1.42
1.41
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.43
1.43
70.50
71.94
68.88
66.49
64.18
66.37
63.99
67.12
70.93
43.1
41.3
46.9
47.3
$1.44
1.44
1.45
1.47
47.8
47.6
45.6
44.2
42. 5
44.1
42.3
43. 5
46.3
1.47
1. 51
1.51
1.50
1.51
1.50
1.51
1. 54
1.53
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T able
705
G: EARNINGS AND HOURS
C-5: Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries for Selected
States and Areas 1—Continued
Texas
Tennessee
Memphis
Knoxville
Chattanooga
State
Nashville
State
Year and month
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
1951: September___
October. ____
November___
December........
$52.40
52. 40
52.93
53.60
40.0
40.0
40.1
40.3
1952: January_____
February ___
M arch_____ _
April________
M ay _______
J u n e ... _____
July _____ _
A u g u s t_____
September___
53.73
53. 47
53. 60
53. 07
53. 20
54.00
54.53
54. 40
55.88
40.4
40.2
40.3
39.9
40.0
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.7
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
$1.31 $54. 54
1.31 53. 86
1.32 53.86
1.33 55. 61
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.34
54.14
52.93
54.14
54.13
54. 54
55.35
55.89
56.02
56.85
40.7
40.5
40.5
41.5
40.4
39.5
40.1
39.8
40.4
41.0
41.4
41.5
41.8
Avg.
hrly.
earnmgs
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
$1.34 $58.32
1.33 57.63
1.33 57.89
1.34 58. 69
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.2
57.74
58.14
58.69
58. 55
58.36
59. 79
59.94
62.02
63.60
40.1
40.1
40.2
40.1
39.7
40.4
40.5
40.8
41.3
1.34
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.36
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
$1.44 $59.35
1.43 60.34
1.44 60. 20
1.46 61.49
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.52
1.54
61.06
62.35
62.35
62.50
61.77
62. 77
59.21
61.20
63.80
1951: September___
October_____
N ovem ber___
December____
$61.95
61.00
64. 94
69. 86
41.3
39.1
41.1
42.6
1952: January_____
February__
M a rch ."_____
April________
M ay ________
June________
July. .
A u g u st...____
September___
68.06
66. 33
68. 06
64.06
62.92
63. 76
64. 74
68. 38
69.64
41.0
40.2
41.0
39.3
38.6
39.6
41. 5
40.7
43.8
$1.39 $54.27
1.40 53.86
1.40 53.87
1.42 54. 40
42.7
43.1
43.0
43.3
43.0
43.3
43.3
43.1
42.6
42.7
41.7
42.5
43.4
1.42
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.47
1.42
1.44
1.47
$1.50 $66. 68
1. 56 65. 83
1.58 66. 62
1.64 70.15
42.2
41.4
41.9
43.3
66.83
67.32
69.89
68.22
67.73
68. 89
70.05
70.30
69.64
41.0
41.3
42.1
41.6
41.3
41.5
42.2
41.6
41.7
$1. 58 $58. 04
1.59 57. 75
1.59 55. 95
1.62 59.39
43.2
43.1
41.3
43.5
60.06
59. 30
59. 75
58. 71
58.39
58.66
58.69
59.66
60.47
43.8
43.0
43.1
42.4
42.6
42.5
42.7
42.9
43.2
1.63
1.63
1.66
1.64
1.64
1.66
1.66
1.69
1.67
$1.35 $55.09
1.34 53.43
1.36 53.59
1.36 58.22
39.7
38.6
38.4
40.8
56.35
55. 79
55.78
53.84
55.98
56. 71
57.44
56. 72
57.19
40.4
39.3
39.5
38.6
39.5
39.7
39.8
39.8
39.4
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.39
1.40
38.1
38.8
37.9
38.5
1952: January_____
February........
March ______
April____ _
M ay_______
June ___
July_______
A u g u s t..____
September___
72. 79
75. 47
76.44
75.40
74. 86
76. 65
73. 73
77. 73
76. 91
38.0
38.8
39.1
38.5
38.5
39.3
37.8
39.0
38.9
$1.89 $71.00
1.89 71.38
1.92 71.20
1.93 73.32
1.92
1.95
1.96
1.96
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.99
1.97
$1.35 $64.33
1.35 64. 50
1.34 64. 75
1.34 65.82
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.39
1.37
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.37
40.4
39.3
39.0
38.8
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.1
40.4
63.87
63. 95
64. 72
64.37
62.73
64.83
66.20
66. 78
69.16
70. 89
75.04
75. 97
72.05
72.58
73.03
72.50
74.50
76.65
38.1
38.0
37.8
38.6
37.3
38.7
39.2
37.7
38.1
38.5
38.3
38.6
38.8
$1.86 $70.60
1.88 71.28
1.88 71.54
1.90 73.03
39.5
40.1
40.6
41.1
$1.39 $75.00
1.38 74. 64
1.40 72.15
1.42 77.05
1.39
1.42
1.41
1.40
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.42
1.45
72.33
72.01
72.37
72.07
74.32
74.14
72.67
76.76
74.70
40.6
40.5
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.6
39.5
40.2
39.2
1.90
1.94
1.94
1.91
1.91
1.90
1.90
1.93
1.97
81.77
79. 20
78. 57
75. 25
75.10
75.65
75. 76
78.80
80.76
47.5
47.0
45.5
47.0
49.5
48.6
47.6
45.7
45.5
45.8
46.1
46.5
47.0
$1.58 $50.42
1.59 49.90
1.59 51.60
1.64 52.91
1.65
1.63
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.69
1.72
52.53
52.14
51.48
51.61
52.40
53.20
53.86
54. 00
54.67
1.78
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.91
1.91
73.80
72.86
74. 57
74.67
74.47
76.28
75.12
78.10
76.50
37.8
39.4
37.1
38.0
$1.86 $63. 36
1.86 63. 44
1.88 63.84
1.89 65.53
39.6
39.9
39.9
40.7
64.22
64.39
64. 61
63.73
65.11
63.30
65.01
65.36
66.17
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.1
39.7
39.5
39.4
40.1
40.1
1.92
1.89
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.92
1.95
1.95
1.92
38.5
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.7
38.6
40.0
39.8
1951: September___
October.. _ _
N ovem ber___
December........
$72. 41
72.61
73. 99
76. 62
39.6
40.0
40.7
41.3
1952: January_____
February____
March .'_____
April________
M ay ________
June___ _____
Ju ly_________
Alignst
September___
76.16
73. 86
77.19
74. 57
76.26
75.10
69.70
71.40
75.40
41.3
40.2
40.7
39.9
40.4
39.8
38.5
39.1
39.5
$1.83 $64.32
1.82 64.01
1.82 62.64
1.86 65.62
39.7
39.3
38.7
40.1
65. 58
66. 55
66.53
67.93
68.93
68.09
68.64
67.83
68.88
39.4
39.4
38.8
39.0
39.7
39.4
39.7
39.0
39.4
1.84
1.84
1.90
1.87
1.89
1.89
1.81
1.83
1.91
$1.62 $70. 71
1.63 69.73
1.62 76.12
1.64 74.77
41.5
40.9
43.4
42.8
74.59
71.49
69.03
70. 31
74.29
73. 83
69.90
72.58
73.79
42.4
40.4
39.2
39.2
40.7
41.0
40.6
40.4
40.8
1.66
1.69
1.71
1.74
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.75
1 D ata for earlier years are available upon request to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics or the cooperating State agency. State agencies also make available more detailed industry data. See table A-8 for addresses of cooperating
State agencies.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.71 $75.50
1.71 75.12
1.76 75. 61
1.75 78. 59
42.1
41.9
42.0
43.1
76.95
78.13
76. 56
77.02
77.09
76.28
74. 36
75.41
78.02
41.6
42.2
41.7
41.3
41.3
41.2
40.6
40.9
41.3
1.77
1.78
1.76
1.80
1.83
1.81
1.71
1.80
1.81
42.3
41.8
42.3
41.8
41.0
42.1
41.9
42.0
43.5
1.51
1.53
1.53
1.54
1.53
1.54
1.58
1.59
1.59
39.7
39.6
40.0
40.7
$1.27
1.26
1.29
1.30
40.1
39.8
39.3
39.1
39.7
40.0
40.8
40.6
40.8
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.32
1.33
1.34
$1.60 $67.83
1.59 68.78
1.60 69.74
1.61 72.64
42.0
42.1
42.0
43.1
$1.61
1.63
1.66
1.68
71.52
72.31
71.61
70.85
71.59
71.35
67. 39
69.16
70.54
42.2
42. 5
42.1
41.5
41.8
41.9
41.8
41.6
42.0
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.71
1.71
1.70
1.61
1.66
1.68
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.63
1.64
1.63
1.65
1.63
1.65
Wyoming
State
Racine
Milwaukee
Madison
La Crosse
$1.51
1.50
1.52
1.52
State
Wisconsin—Continued
Kenosha
42.6
43.0
42.6
43.3
Wisconsin
State
Tacoma
$1.79 $70. 21
1.78 73.21
1.76 69. 56
1.78 71.86
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
State
West Virginia
Spokane
Seattle
State
$72.05
73.24
72.69
74.56
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Springfield
Washington
1951: September___
October.__ . . .
November. . .
December____
54.54
53.06
53.04
53.93
54.94
54.81
54.67
54.94
55.35
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.6
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Virginia
Burlington
State
Salt Lake City
1.66
1.65
1.66
1.63
1.63
1.61
1. 56
1.68
1.59
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Vermont
Utah
State
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
$1.79 $75. 74
1.79 75.88
1.80 75. 71
1.82 77.98
1.85
1.85
1.84
1.86
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.85
1.89
77. 52
79.25
78.65
77.59
78. 39
77.71
74. 52
73.91
76. 34
41.7
41.6
41.2
41.8
41.3
42.0
41.4
40.9
41.2
40.8
39.7
39.6
41.0
$1.81 $77. 71
1.82 67.97
1.84 70.94
1.86 72.42
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.88
1.87
1.86
75. 61
75.70
76.04
75.32
71.61
72. 54
76. 76
76.45
79.61
40.6
37.1
39.0
39.0
$1.91
1.83
1.82
1.86
39.3
40.7
41.1
40.8
38.5
39.0
40.4
41.1
41.9
1.92
1.86
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.86
1.90
1.86
1.90
3 Revised series; not comparable with preceding data.
3 Revised series; not comparable with data previously published,
706
D: PRICES AND COST OF LIVING
M ONTHLY LABO R
D: Prices and Cost of Living
T able D - l : Consumers’ Price Index 1 for Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities, by Group of
Commodities
11935-39-100]
Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration
Year and month
All items
Food
Apparel
Total
1913: Average............... .............. .
1914; Average-....................... .......
1915: A verage........................ .......
1916: Average................................
1917: Average......................... .......
1918: Average...............................1919: Average...............................1920: Average...............................
1921: Average....................... .........
1922: Average................................
1923: Average__________ _____
1924: Average________________
1925: Average.................................
1926: Average________________
1927: Average.................................
1928: Average..............................
1929: Average--- -------------------1930: Average________________
1931: Average--------- --------------1932: Average________________
1933: Average.............. .................
1934: Average.......... .....................
1935: Average_____ __________
1936: Average.......... ................. ..
1937: Average________________
1938: Average________________
1939: Average_____ __________
1940: Average....................... .........
1941: Average------ ----------------1942: Average......................... .
1943: Average........ .......................
1944: Average...............................1945: Average________________
1946: Average________________
1947: Average________________
1948: Average_______________
1949: Average________________
1950: Average------ ----------------1951: Average.. ------------------1960: January 15__ _________
June 15. _____ __________
1951: January 15___ ____ _____
J a n u a r y 15 _____________
October 15........... ................
October I S . . . ........... ............
November 15___________
N o v e m b e r I S ____________
December 15_________ .
D ecem ber 16 ____________
1952: January 15__ . . . . . .
J a n u a r y 15 ___ . . . _ ..
February 15____________
F e b ru a ry 15 ____________
March 15______________
M a r c h 15____ _________
April 15_______________
A p r i l 15 ________________
M ay 15____
.
__
M a y 1 5 _______________
June 15_______________
J u n e 15 _________ _______
July 15........................ ......
15______________
August 15_____________
J u ly
A u g u s t 1 6 ,. ___________
September 15............... .......
S e p te m b e r 1 6 ___________
October 15_______ _
October 16 _____________
70.7
71.8
72.5
77.9
91.6
107.5
123.8
143.3
127.7
119.7
121.9
122.2
125.4
126.4
124.0
122.6
122.5
119.4
108.7
97.6
92.4
95.7
98.1
99.1
102.7
100.8
99.4
100.2
105.2
116.6
123.7
125.7
128.6
139.5
159.6
171.9
170.2
171.9
185. 6
168.2
170.2
181.5
79.9
81.8
80.9
90.8
116.9
134.4
149.8
168.8
128.3
119.9
124.0
122.8
132.9
137.4
132.3
130.8
132.5
126.0
103.9
86.5
84.1
93.7
100.4
101.3
105.3
97.8
95.2
96.6
105.5
123.9
138.0
136.1
139.1
159.6
193.8
210.2
201.9
204.5
227.4
196.0
203.1
221.9
181.6
8 8 1.6
69.3
69.8
71.4
78.3
94.1
127.5
168.7
201.0
154.8
125.6
125.9
124.9
122.4
120.6
118.3
116.5
115.3
112.7
102.6
90.8
87.9
96.1
96.8
97.6
102.8
102.2
100.5
101.7
106.3
124.2
129.7
138.8
145.9
160.2
185.8
198.0
190.1
187.7
204.5
185.0
184.6
198.5
199.7
Housefurnishings
Rent
92.2
92.2
92.9
94.0
93.2
94.9
102.7
120.7
138.6
142.7
146.4
151.6
152.2
150.7
148.3
144.8
141.4
137.5
130.3
116.9
100.7
94.4
94.2
96.4
100.9
104.1
104.3
104.6
106.4
108.8
108.7
109.1
109.5
110.1
113.6
121.2
126.4
131.0
136.2
129.4
130.9
133.2
186.0
Gas and
electricity
Other
fuels
Ice
Miscella
neous ■
59.1
60.7
63.6
70.9
82.8
106.4
134.1
164.6
138.5
117.5
126.1
124.0
121.5
118.8
115.9
113.1
111.7
108.9
98.0
85.4
84.2
92.8
94.8
96.3
104.3
103.3
101.3
100.5
107.3
122.2
125.6
136.4
145.8
159.2
184.4
195.8
189.0
190.2
210.9
184.7
184.8
207.4
50.9
51.9
53.6
56.3
65.1
77.8
87.6
100.5
104.3
101.2
100.8
101.4
102.2
102.6
103.2
103.8
104.6
105.1
104.1
101.7
98.4
97.9
98.1
98.7
101.0
101.5
100.7
101.1
104.0
110.9
115.8
121.3
124.1
128.8
139.9
149.9
154.6
156.5
165.4
155.1
164.6
162.1
808.9
1 6 3 .7
61.9
62.3
62.5
65.0
72.4
84.2
91.1
106.9
114.0
113.1
115.2
113.7
115.4
117.2
115.4
113.4
112.5
111.4
108.9
103.4
100.0
101.4
100.7
100.2
100.2
99.9
99.0
99.7
102.2
105.4
107.7
109.8
110.3
112.4
121.1
133.9
137.5
140.6
144. 1
140.0
139.1
143.3
(•)
(»)
(»)
(»)
(•)
(»)
(j)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(«)
(»)
«
(»)
(*)
(')
(«)
(s)
(*)
(!)
(»)
(»)
102.8
100.8
99.1
99.0
98.9
98.0
97.1
96.7
96.1
95.8
95.0
92.3
92.0
94.3
96.7
96.8
97.2
96.7
96.8
97.2
144-5
9 7 .8
80 1 .8
97.4
205.8
156.3
210.4
166.6
9 7 .4
806.8
16 6 .3
8 1 8 .0
168.1
97.4
206.3
156.3
210.8
168.4
9 7 .4
806.7
156.3
8 1 8.5
97.5
206.6
156.3
210.2
169.9
(«)
(*)
(»)
(‘)
(»)
(')
(')
(*)
(»)
(«)
(»)
(*)
(»)
(*)
(»)
(»)
(•)
(»)
(»)
(•)
(»)
(»)
98.4
99.8
101.7
101.0
99.1
101.9
108.3
115.1
120.7
126.0
128.3
136.9
156.1
183.4
187.7
194.1
204.5
193.1
189.0
202.3
(*)
(*)
(»)
(«)
(«)
(»)
(•)
(»)
(*)
(>)
(*)
(»)
(>)
(*)
(»)
(*)
(«)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.2
100.4
104.1
110.0
114.2
115.8
115.9
115.9
125.9
135.2
141.7
147.8
155.6
145.5
147.0
152.0
168.9
187.4
229.2
208.9
138.2
144.6
187.8
8 8 9.8
811.0
180.8
188.6
231.4
207.6
1 4 6.8
138.9
144.8
189. S
8S8.1
232.2
809.9
181.4
1 4 7.0
189.1
139.2
144.9
190.0
888.9
809.1
181.8
807.0
156.3
8 1 1 .8
232.4
204.6
147.1
9 7 .5
189.1
139.7
145.0
97.6
206.8
156.3
209.1
169.6
190.8
884.6
806.7
188.8
147.8
9 7 .6
807.1
156.3
810.6
187.9
171.1
227.5
204.3
140.2
145.3
97.9
206.7
156.3
208.6
170.2
188. S
889.1
206.8
169.1
170.5
188.0
227.6
203.5
806.1
140.5
188.8
147 . 8
145.3
97.9
9 7 .8
807.1
156.3
156.5
207.6
8 1 0 .0
171.6
188.4
889 8
8 0 5.6
9 7 .8
166.5
8 0 9 .8
188.7
202.7
140.8
147.4
807.1
230.0
188.9
145.3
98.0
206.1
156.5
206.2
178.0
189.6
8 8 8.8
8 0 5 .0
1 6 6.5
202.3
1 4 7.8
8 0 6 .8
230.8
1 8 8.8
98 .1
189.0
203.1
156.5
8 0 7 .7
178.4
190.4
8 5 4 .6
189.6
231.5
80 4 .4
178.9
191.1
202.0
98.2
206.8
141.3
144.6
205.4
1SS.7
145.5
9 8 .8
8 0 1.8
156.5
8 0 7 .0
141.6
144.8
98.4
203.4
156.8
204.4
156.8
8 0 5 .7
8 8 6 .0
234.9
80 4 .0
18 4 .0
145.9
9 8 .7
808.1
190.8
98.3
208.4
162.1
198.4
839.1
80 3 .3
9 8 .7
168.1
235.5
1 4 7 .8
8 0 5 .6
191.1
134-8
8 0 5.8
201.1
142.3
147.3
99.0
209.0
164.2
204.2
198.3
8 3 8.4
8 0 8.7
233.2
202.3
134-7
148.7
9 9 .8
8 0 6.5
I 64.8
142.4
147.6
99.0
210.1
165.8
8 0 5 .3
205.0
134.7
165. 8
8 0 6 .6
190.8
191.4
201.4
141.9
146.4
204.2
170.7
171.1
171.4
172.5
173.9
173.0
174-4
173.2
174.7
173.8
834-7
803. 6
190.9
232.4
1 4 9.5
9 9 .8
8 0 7.9
202.1
143.0
148.4
99.0
212.8
166.3
204.6
174.4
191.5
834.1
80S. 8
135.3
150.9
9 9 .8
8 1 1 .4
1 6 6.3
8 0 6.3
1 76.4
175.5
i The “Consumers’ price index for moderate-income families in large cities”
adjusted population and commodity weights beginning with indexes for
formerly known as the “ Cost-of-living index” measures average changes in
January 1950. These adjustments make a continuous comparable series
retail prices of goods, rents, and services purchased by wage earners and
from 1913 to date. See also General Note below.
lower-salaried workers in large cities.
Mimeographed tables are available upon request showing indexes for each
U. S. Department of Labor Bulletin No. 699, Changes in Cost of Living in
of the cities regularly surveyed by the Bureau and for each of the major groups
Large Cities in the United States, 1913-41, contains a detailed description of
of living essentials. Indexes for all large cities combined are available since
methods used in constructing this index. Additional information on the
1913. The beginning date for series of indexes for individual cities varies from
index is given in the following reports- Report of the Joint Committee on the
city to city but indexes are available for most of the 34 cities since World
Consumers’ Price Index of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, A Joint
War I.
* The Miscellaneous group covers transportation (such as automobiles and
Committee Print (1949); September 1949 Monthly Labor Review, Construc
tion of Consumers’ Price Index (p. 284); April 1951 Monthly Labor Review,
their upkeep and public transportation fares); medical care (including pro
fessional care and medicines); household operation (covering supplies and
Interim Adjustment of Consumers’ Price Index (p. 421\ and Correction of
different kinds of paid services); recreation (that is, newspapers, motion pic
New Unit Bias in Rent Component of CPI (p. 437); and Consumers’ Price
tures, radio, television, and tobacco products); personal care (barber and
Index, Report of a Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Educa
tion and Labor (1951).
beauty-shop service and toilet articles); etc.
The Consumers' Price Index has been adjusted to incorporate a correction
1 Data not available.
of the new unit bias in the rent index beginning with indexes for 1940 and
N o t e .— The old series of Indexes for 1951-52 are shown in italics in tables D - l , D—2, and D -5 for reference.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
707
D : P RICES AND COST OF LIVING
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
T able D -2: Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families, by City,1 for Selected Periods
[1938-39-100]
City
Oct. 15, Sept. 15, Aug. 15, July 15, June 15, May 15, Apr. 15, Mar. 15, Feb. 15, Jan. 15, Dec. 15, Nov. 15, Oct. 15, Jan. 15, June 15, Od. 15,
ms
1951
1951
1950
1951
1951
1952
i952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
188.0
187.9
195.2
193.3
178.9
188.8
193.1
188.4
(2)
191.1
191.7
194.7
(2)
193.0
193.6
179.1
(»)
192.7
187.5
(2)
(»)
190.7
194.3
193.9
179.3
0
191.9
187.1
191.8
(2)
190.7
194.3
194.7
180.0
188.3
194.1
188.3
(•)
192.3
192.0
195.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
191.3
(2)
(2)
198.1
(2)
(2)
190.1
183.2
189.8
(2)
183.3
191.5
187.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
183.5
(»)
195.6
(J)
190.9
<*>
190.2
(2)
188.0
187.9
(2)
182.4
(«)
(2)
0
190.7
(2)
(2)
195.1
(>)
(2)
190.5
183.0
190.9
(2)
182.3
190.0
187.0
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
184.2
192.9
188.3
191.1
(2)
(2)
0
(2)
188.2
190.9
(2)
198.6
184.5
(2)
(J)
199.6
(')
0
(>)
(>)
187.8
190.3
180.6
(2)
(2)
190.2
193.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
•192.0
187.1
190.9
(•)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
184.2
195.3
183.9
(»)
188.9
192.2
(»)
199.0
183.8
(•)
0
200.3
(•)
Average— ..............
190.9
190.8
191.1
190.8
189.6
189.0
Atlanta, G a.............
Baltimore, Md____
Birmingham, A la...
Boston, Mass..........
Buflalo, N. Y_____
Chicago, 111_______
Cincinnati, Ohio__
Cleveland, Ohio___
Denver, Colo...........
Detroit, Mich_____
Houston, Tex..........
0
0
196.7
182.5
190.3
195.9
190.8
0
194.5
195.0
196.6
(2)
197.6
196.6
182.2
(2)
195.9
190.7
(2)
(2)
193.6
195.6
198.4
(2)
194.4
198.5
183.0
(2)
196.7
190.9
194.2
(2)
194.2
196.0
196.7
183.1
189.9
195.9
190.9
(2)
192.8
193.5
195.1
(2)
194.2
194.5
180.4
0
195.6
190.1
(2)
(2)
192.3
194.6
194.2
179.9
(2)
194.7
189.4
192.7
(2)
191.8
194.3
Indianapolis, In d ...
Jacksonville, Fla__
Kansas City, M o ...
Los Angeles, Calif..
Manchester, N. H._
Memphis, Tenn__
Milwaukee, Wis___
Minneapolis, Minn.
Mobile, Ala_______
New Orleans, La__
New York, N. Y „ „
193.1
(2)
185. 5
191.9
189.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
186.0
(2)
199.5
(2)
192.2
(2)
192.9
(2)
190.1
189.4
(2)
186.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
192.0
(2)
(2)
199.2
(2)
(2)
192.7
185.7
192.1
(2)
185.6
192.1
190.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
185.9
(2)
198. 2
(2)
191.9
(2)
191.2
(2)
190.3
188. 4
0*
183.6
Norfolk, Va_______
Philadelphia, Pa__
Pittsburgh, Pa____
Portland, Maine__
Portland, Oreg____
Richmond, Va........
St. Louis, Mo_____
San Francisoo, Calif.
Savannah, Ga_____
Scranton, Pa............
Seattle, Wash_____
Washington, D. 0 . .
(2)
190.7
192.8
(2)
199.2
186.4
(2)
(2)
201.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
190.8
192.4
182.8
(2)
(2)
192.7
195.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
195.7
191.2
192.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
189.4
195.9
187.4
(2)
191.1
192.1
(2)
198.6
185.8
(2)
(2)
202.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
189.1
190.8
182.3
(J)
(2)
192. 7
196.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
0
(2)
(2)
186.3
195.8
184.9
188.7
0
( 2)
1 The Indexes are based on time-to-time changes In the cost of goods and
services purchased by moderate-income families in large cities. They do
not indicate whether it costs more to live in one city than in another.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(»)
189.1
0
(• )
0
0
188.6
187.4
196.1
196.3
180.0
(•)
194.3
187.8
192.0
0
191.5
195.1
0
0
196.0
179.3
186.9
193.5
187.0
(2)
191.2
190.2
194.4
190.4
(•)
191.4
(•)
187.7
187.3
(•)
184.0
0
(2)
(2)
189.6
0
0
195.3
0
(2)
190.0
184.1
(»)
189.2
191.7
179.9
0
(')
190.2
193.1
(•)
0
(•)
0
191.7
189.1
192.0
(*)
(2)
(»)
0
(2)
0
185.4
194.6
184.7
189.1
(•)
193.3
196.0
180.9
(•)
194.2
187.9
(•)
0
191.9
196.0
(•)
195.9
0
(*)
181.6
170.2
191.6
( 2)
188.2
173.5
180.8
185.4
182.3
(>)
184.9
184.2
190.1
174.7
171.6
165.5
(2)
175.1
170.5
(*)
(*)
173.5
176.8
0
0
199.0
18S.9
190.6
197.9
192. S
0
189.6
195.8
195. S
189.9
(2)
180.4
187.9
187.0
(2)
(•)
(2)
(2)
0
183.0
184.4
0
175.6
181.3
180.6
0
(2)
(•)
0
(2)
177.8
(•)
176.3
(2)
169.3
(2)
172.7
(•)
169.1
168.2
(2)
167.0
(2)
186.7
191.2
(2)
195.8
183.8
(•)
(»)
198.8
(»)
0
(2)
181.0
183.4
(2)
190.4
179.8
0
0
189.2
<2
)
<*)
194 6
0
1815
189.8
191.2
0
0
0
0
0
186.7
"'
191.4
195.1
0
198.6
0
(»)
0
(2)
169.1
171.8
164.4
(J)
(•)
168.8
172.4
(2)
(•)
0
0
0
184.1
0
0
200.9
0
0
0
1 Indexes are computed monthly for 10 cities and once every 3 months for
24 additional cities according to a staggered schedule.
* Corrected.
708
D : P R IC E S AND COST OF L IV IN G
MONTHLY LABOR
T able D -3: Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families, by City and Group of
Commodities1
[1936-39-100]
Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration
Food
Apparel
Rent
Housefumishings
Total
City
Miscellaneous
Gas andelectricity
Oct. 15 Sept. 15 Oct. 15 Sept. 15 Oct. 15 Sept. 15 Oct. 15 Sept. 15 Oct. 15 Sept. 15 Oct. 15 Sept. 15 Oct. 15 Sept. 15
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
1952
Average..................... .
232.4
233.2
202.1
202.3
143.0
142.4
148.4
147.6
99.0
99.0
Atlanta, Ga ________
Baltimore, M d______
Birmingham, Ala____
Boston, Mass_______
Buffalo, N. Y . . . .........
Chicago, 111_________
Cincinnati, Ohio____
Cleveland, Ohio
Denver, C olo..............
Detroit, Mich_______
Houston, Tex............. .
230.1
243.7
223.8
221.9
227.4
238.5
237.6
241. 5
236.6
233.2
240.3
234.3
246.9
224.2
221.3
227.8
238.6
237.4
243 9
235.6
233.0
240.9
(*)
(»)
212.2
187.9
195.6
205.0
200.2
0)
206.0
194.7
216.7
(>)
195.9
212.6
187.6
0)
205.2
200.3
0)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
142.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
166.7
151.2
(2)
(2)
144.9
(2)
133.4
(2)
156.5
130.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
161.3
153.3
139.6
167.1
154.6
139.4
156.8
154 9
115.7
156.8
103.1
161.3
152.7
138.3
166.5
155.2
138.7
155.5
152 fi
114.7
155.7
103.1
86.0
115.8
79.4
118.8
110.0
83.5
104.9
107 0
69.7
89.6
86.3
85.9
115.6
79.4
118.8
110.0
83.5
104.9
107 0
69.7
88.8
86.3
194.6
191.6
209.9
191.8
190.2
(i)
229.0
218.7
200.8
Indianapolis, Ind___
Jacksonville, Fla____
Kansas City, Mo____
Los Angeles, Calif___
Manchester, N. H___
Memphis, Tenn_____
Milwaukee, Wis....... .
Minneapolis, Minn__
Mobile, Ala________
New Orleans, La___
New York, N. Y ____
230.3
235.5
218.9
233.7
226.0
239.4
235.9
224.8
226.3
241.4
231.3
231.6
240.1
217.3
234.5
225.9
240.8
234.3
223.7
233.1
245.4
231.7
193.2
(>)
192.5
195.1
191.5
(0
151.1
(2)
151.9
(2)
139.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
120.2
(2)
166.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
162.6
(2)
152.2
157.9
(2)
(2)
160.6
143.6
134.7
101.8
173.8
141.6
153.2
151.3
131.1
112.0
150.9
162. 7
143.6
134.3
101.8
173.6
141.6
152.7
150.7
131.3
112.0
150.3
82.4
84.8
71.3
95.3
113.2
77.0
99.2
86.2
85.2
74.1
106.7
84. 5
84.8
71.4
95.3
113.2
77.0
99.2
86.2
85.4
74.1
106.7
193. 5
0)
190.6
202.4
213.8
0)
0)
(<)
0)
(')
196.3
200.9
(■)
202.2
(O
181.5
(0
196.0
174.1
Norfolk, Va _______
Philadelphia, Pa____
Pittsburgh, P a........ .
Portland, Maine..........
Portland, Oreg...........
Richmond, Va______
St. Louis, Mo ______
San Francisco, Calif..
Savannah, Ga_______
Scranton, Pa _______
8eattle, Wash_______
Washington, D. C......
235.1
231.4
237.0
218.1
247.6
218.2
244.4
240.0
242.1
232.0
238.5
229.2
238.9
232.3
237.1
219.0
249.6
222.7
244.3
240.9
245.0
234.8
240.7
232.2
(2)
(2)
133.6
(2)
161.2
158.4
(2)
(2)
174.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
128.8
(2)
(2)
136.0
139.8
(2)
162.2
153.4
153.3
163.7
139.4
150.5
147.3
98.8
175.6
166.9
129.3
157.1
162.0
151.3
149.6
163.4
138.5
150.5
146.4
98.8
170.1
161.4
129.3
156.3
100.6
104.2
111.6
112.3
97.5
102.2
88.4
87.0
131.3
103.5
88.5
111.2
100.3
104.2
111.6
112.4
97.5
102.2
88.4
87.0
123.9
103.5
88.5
111.2
(0
211.0
205.7
(>)
211.3
206.3
199.2
(9
(9
(9
<9
206.2
(>)
197.0
229.4
(9
200.1
203.3
(9
(9
206.4
(»)
(0
(>)
(9
194.3
217.1
(i)
196.5
(0
195.8
(9
213.8
(0
209.3
204.2
(0
206.3
0)
198.0
230.1
205.2
(9
(*)
202.0
195.6
(9
(9
(9
(9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
• Prices of apparel, housefumishings, and miscellaneous goods and services
are obtained monthly in 10 cities and once every 3 months in 24 additional
oities on a staggered schedule.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
204.6
205.0
174.4
173.8
(0
(>)
201.2
193.9
191.9
(9
193.3
190.7
(O
(i)
171.6
167.6
180.3
176.5
173.0
(l)
172.7
190.5
176.6
(i)
178.6
171.2
167.4
(0
176.4
172.9
m
0)
188.0
173.2
182.3
(0
179.4
172.3
163.1
(0
(O
(l)
186.0
(>)
172.3
0)
161.5
(9
<9
197.6
216.9
(9
(i)
212.2
(>)
0)
(9
«
218.3
202.3
(i)
(9
196.6
(9
(9
182.7
171.7
(i)
(>)
(0
(9
(9
(i)
179.0
163.9
(O
173.7
0)
174.9
170.4
(0
179.7
163.6
(‘)
(l)
178.9
0)
0)
(0
(0
174.4
170.0
167.6
(9
(>)
173.6
(i)
(i)
170.2
190.5
(0
«
0)
(*)
* Rents are surveyed every 3 months In 34 large cities on a staggered schedule,
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
D : PR IC E S AN D
709
COST OF L IV IN G
T able D -4: Indexes of Retail Prices of Foods,1 by Group, for Selected Periods
[1935-39-100]
Year and month
1923:
1926:
1929:
1932:
1939:
Cere Meats,
als
poul
All
and
try,
foods bakery and
Total
prod fish
ucts
Average..........
Average_____
Average_____
Average_____
Average..........
August--------1940: Average_____
124.0
137.4
132.5
86.5
95.2
93.5
96.6
105.5
115.7
107.6
82.6
94.5
93.4
96.8
1 0 1 .2
1941: Average_____
December___
1942: Average..........
1943: Average_____
1944: Average..........
1945: Average_____
A ugust______
105.5
113.1
123.9
138.0
136.1
139.1
140.9
97.9
102.5
105.1
107.6
108.4
109.0
109.1
107.6
111.1
126.0
133.8
129.9
131.2
131.8
106.5
109.7
122.5
124.2
117.9
118.0
118.1
1946: Average..........
June.................
November___
159.6
145.6
187.7
125.0
122.1
140.6
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
Average..........
Average_____
Average..........
Average_____
January_____
June ________
193.8
210.2
201.9
204.5
196.0
203.1
1951: Average..........
October ____
November___
December___
1952: January_____
February........
M arch.............
April................
M ay________
June________
July________
August_____
September___
October_____
117.8
127.1
79.3
96 6
95.7
95.8
Meats
Beef
and
veal
96.6 1 0 1 . 1
95.4 99.6
94.4 102.8
Pork
Fruits and vegetables
Chick Fish
ens
Lamb
88.9
88.0
81.1
99.5
98.8
99. 7
110.8
114.4
123.6
124.7
118.7
118.4
118. 5
100.1
103.2
120.4
119.9
112.2
112.6
112.6
106.6
108.1
124.1
136.9
134.5
136.0
136. 4
102.1
100. 5
122.6
146.1
151.0
154. 4
157.3
161.3
134.0
203.6
150.8 150.5
120.4 121.2
197.9 191.0
148.2
114.3
207.1
163.9
139.0
205.4
155.4
170.9
169.7
172.7
169.0
169.8
217.1
246.5
233. 4
243.6
219.4
246. 5
214.7
243.9
229.3
242.0
217.9
246.7
213.6
258.5
241.3
265.7
242.3
268.6
215.9
222.5
205. 9
203. 2
177.3
209.1
227.4
229.2
231.4
232.2
188.5
1R9.4
190.2
190.4
272.2
276.6
273.5
270.1
274.1
281.0
278.6
274.6
310.4
317.0
317.3
316.9
232.4
227.5
227.6
230.0
230.8
231.5
234.9
235.5
233.2
232.4
190.6
190.9
191.2
191.1
193.8
193.3
194.4
194.2
194.1
194.3
272.1
271.1
267.7
266.7
266.0
270.6
270.4
277.3
277.0
271.5
273.8
270.8
268.8
268.1
271.7
275.9
274.1
280.3
278.5
274.1
316.0
314.2
312.6
311.2
310.8
310.9
308.0
307.8
308.7
303.9
93.8 1 0 1 .0
94.6 99.6
94. S 110.6
129.4 136.1
127 4 141. 7
131.0 143 8
84. 9 82 3
95.9 91.0
93.1 90.7
101.4 93 8
112 0
120.5
125 4
134.6
133.6
133 9
133 4
FroCan
xen 3 Fresh ned Dried
173
226
173
105
169 5
21 n 8
169 n
103 5
94.5
92.4
96 6
6
2
5
9
9 5 .1
92.8
97 3
103 2
104 2
1 11 .0
Sugar
Bever Fats
and
and
ages
oils sweets
124 8 175 4
122 9 152 4
124 3 171 0
91 1 91 9
92.3 9 3.3
91.6 90.3
99 4 100 6
131 5 196 9
170 4 145 0
164 8 127 2
119 fi 71 1
95! 5 87.7
94.9 84.5
92 5
Q7 Q
106.3
121 6
130.6
129.5
101 6
114 ' 1
129 1
12A8
124.3
175 4
12 0 0
114 3
89 6
10 0 .6
95.6
96 8
112 2
138.1
136 5
161.9
153.9
164 4
171 4
130 8
168 8
168.2
177 1
183 6
132 8
178.0
177.2
188 2
196 ?
174.0 236.2
162.8 219.7
188.9 265.0
165.1 168.8
147.8 147.1
198.5 201.6
182.4
183.5
184.5
190.7
196.7
182.3
140.8 190.4
127.5 172.5
167.7 251.6
139.6 152.1
125. 4 126 4
167.8 244.4
143.9
136.2
170.5
220.1
246.8
251. 7
257.8
234.3
268.1
183.2
203.2
191.5
183. 3
158.9
185 1
271.4
312.8
314.1
308. 5
301.9
295 9
186 2
204.8
186. 7
184 7
184. 2
177 8
200
208
201
173
152
148
199
205
208
199
204
201
212
218
206
217
224
166 2 963 5
158 0 946 8
152 9 927 4
186 8 197 5
905 0 195 5
290 7 148 4
14 3 3 293 9
9QQ 5 135 2
180
174
176
179
178
215.7
223.8
215.8
203.8
288.8
293.7
295.6
300.0
192.1
188.7
184.0
181.9
352.0
353.2
351.1
351.2
206.0
207.9
210.4
213.2
243.4
241.8
216.7
2 11.3
217.9
210.8
223.5
236.5
98.6
97.5
95 9
95.0
223.3
214.4
235.0
255.4
165.9
162.8
162.7
163.3
249.9
240 8
238.1
238.9
344.5 168.8
345.8 160.6
346.6 158.5
346.8 157.8
186.6
187.0
186.7
186.4
203.8
201.0
200.3
198.7
208.6
219.4
219.3
237.0
231.2
228.1
297.1
285.6
276.5
283.1
287.1
291.5
290.3
290.8
288. 5
281.6
192.6
197.5
190.7
188.8
175.4
181.9
187.4
197.8
202.1
193.1
351.5
351.5
347.6
346.3
345.3
343.9
342.1
339.8
339.3
338.1
215.8
217.0
215.7
212.6
210.6
209.8
212.3
213. 8
216.7
218.1
184.3
166.5
161.3
165.9
164.0
169.1
208.7
217.2
221.4
230.6
241.4
223.5
232.1
247.2
253.8
250.0
253.2
242.3
227.6
227.3
95.0
94.2
92.5
91.5
88.7
90.0
90.1
90.8
90.3
89.0
263.2
234.6
248.4
272.8
283.4
278.1
283.0
265.3
241.0
240.3
163.3
163.6
163.9
163.5
163.7
162.3
162.4
162.6
164.2
164.8
238.6
238.4
236.3
236.9
236.8
237.1
238.9
241.4
243. 5
244.7
346.7
347.1
347. 1
347.3
346.6
346.5
346.4
346.6
346.6
346.3
185.9
185.1
184.3
186.2
187.3
187.7
188.9
189.9
190.4
190. 7
>The Bureau of Labor Statistics retail food prices are obtained monthly
during the first three days of the week containing the fifteenth of the month,
through voluntary reports from chain and independent retail food dealers.
Articles included are selected to represent food sales to moderate-income
families.
The indexes are computed by the fixed-base-weighted-aggregate method,
using weights representing (1) relative importance of chain and independent
store sales, in computing city average prices; (2) food purchases by families
of wage earners and moderate-income workers, in computing city indexes;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
124. 5
138.9
163. 0
206.5
207.6
217.1
217. 8
Dairy
prod Eggs
ucts
Total
8
7
2
6
3
4
1 1 0 .5
4
2
1
2
8
209 3
5
4
8
1
2
3
106 7
118.3
136 3
158 9
164 5
108. 5
119 6
126.1
123.3
155.3
150.9
145.6
143.1
139.9
140.1
140.6
141.4
141.1
140.7
106 4
114.4
126 5
1 2 7 .1
126. 5
0
0
4
9
9
and (3) population weights, in combining city aggregates in order to derive
average prices and indexes for all cities combined.
Indexes of retail food prices in 56 large cities combined, by commodity
groups, for the years 1923 through 1950 (1935-39=100), may be found in Bulle
tin No. 1055, Retail Prices of Food, 1950, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S.
Department of Labor, table 3, p. 8. Mimeographed tables of the same data,
by months, January 1935 to date, are available upon request.
* December 1950—100.
D : P R IC E S A N D
710
M ONTHLY LABOR
COST OF L IV IN G
T able D -5: Indexes of Retail Prices of Foods, by City
[1036-39=100]
Aug.
1962
July
1952
June
1952
May
1952
Apr.
1952
Mar.
1952
Feb,
1952
Jan.
1952
Dec.
1951
Nov.
1951
Oct.
1951
June
1950
233.2
235.5
234.9
231.5
230.8
230.0
227.6
227.5
232.4
232.2
231.4
229.2
203.1
234.1
230.1 _ 234.3
246.9
243.7
224.2
223.8
221.3
221.9
232.5
233.4
238.0
249.9
230.8
225.5
235.2
236.1
248.6
225.5
225.9
238.0
226.5
242.4
217.4
219.9
230.2
223.2
243.2
216.4
218.8
230.5
225.0
242.6
215.8
215.2
228.3
223.9
239.5
215.3
214.6
227.3
227.4
238.6
217.3
214.5
227.0
230.7
243.8
220.2
218.2
229.4
230.7
242.5
222.7
219.3
228.9
232.1
242.4
224.3
218.4
227.9
230.0
241.1
224.0
217.8
227.4
195 4
215.6
192. 2
196.1
204.0
2312
245.6
229. S
223.4
235.4
227.8
233.6
237.0
226.5
238.6
229.7
232.8
238.7
232.2
241.8
228.3
231.8
240.9
231.4
239.9
227.0
231.7
240.6
222.8
239.2
227.0
229.4
238.0
221.4
239.3
224.7
228.9
236.4
220.2
234.8
221.8
228.1
235.1
219.3
233.3
221.0
227.5
235.1
219.4
231.4
225.2
230.2
238.3
222.3
237.5
226.7
233.7
239.8
221.5
238.1
227.2
230.2
240.5
218.0
237.8
224.2
229. 2
237.8
217.9
236.2
199.0
203.0
208.6
188.0
208.4
232.8
236.6
241.9
222.7
241.9
237.6
241.5
216.4
233.9
236.6
237.4
243.9
218.3
237.1
235.6
239.7
245.5
220.3
237.4
237.7
239.1
245.5
217.2
233.7
237.7
236.9
242.5
214.3
232.0
235.1
234.3
240.3
213.8
231.8
232.6
231.9
238.2
211.4
231.3
232.0
228.6
235.8
209.2
229.8
230.4
228.1
237.2
209.8
228.8
230.0
233.2
240.9
214.3
236.3
236.2
230.4
238.5
211.3
235.4
239.2
232.0
239.0
211.4
236.0
236.9
229.7
237. 2
209.6
233.8
234.0
205.1
211.2
183.9
201.5
206.9
238.7
243.4
220.0
234.6
233.7
Detroit, Mich____________
Fall River, M a ss.________
Houston, Tex____________
Indianapolis, Ind_________
Jackson, Miss.1_________
233.2
224.2
240.3
230.3
228.4
233.0
225.6
240.9
231.6
231.6
235.3
227.6
242.8
235.6
232.8
237.2
228.6
239.7
232.0
229.7
234.2
225.2
237.2
228.9
225.2
231.6
224.4
236.1
225.0
222.7
231.2
220.4
237.9
222.2
223.7
228.8
221.4
236.1
224.1
223.9
229.1
220.7
236.0
223.8
226.8
235.0
224.0
241.4
227.6
230.3
234.5
223.8
241.2
227.0
229.2
233.5
224.2
237.8
227.9
227.4
230. 5
223. 2
237.6
226.3
229.4
202.9
200.7
208.1
198.1
201.0
232.3
226.8
242.3
233.4
231.1
Jacksonville, F la .............. .
Kansas City, Mo_________
Knoxville, Tenn.1.......... ......
Little Rock, Ark_________
Los Angeles, Calif.................
235.5
218.9
253.6
228.8
233.7
240.1
217.3
258.5
231.6
234.5
244.6
220.6
263.4
233.6
235.3
240.1
220.2
256.6
230.4
235.7
236.2
216.8
251.5
228.7
235.4
231.3
215.5
249.6
226.5
235.7
232.6
214.4
250.9
226.1
237.1
231.2
213.1
250. 5
224.3
234.6
231.5
213.0
253.2
224.6
234.2
237.2
217.8
256.9
229.7
239.3
235.0
218.0
256.6
229.9
240.7
234.8
216.4
256.2
225.4
237.1
232.5
213.9
253.7
224.4
234.6
205.8
189. 2
223.1
200.1
201.6
237.8
220.3
256.0
231.3
231.5
Louisville, K y___________
Manchester, N. H ...... .........
Memphis, Tenn____ _____
Milwaukee, W is._........ ......
Minneapolis, Minn..............
218.1
226.0
239.4
235.9
224.8
221.1
225.9
240.8
234.3
223.7
224.4
230.6
243.7
240.1
225.0
221.2
228.6
236.8
237.6
226.4
218.1
223.9
235.6
237.9
226.6
216.4
221.2
231.7
237.1
224.2
214.5
217.5
231.4
231.5
222.3
213.2
216.6
231.0
228.0
220.2
213.6
216.8
234.9
227.3
220.1
218.4
221.2
237.8
232.8
223.1
219.1
220.9
238.9
232.6
224.0
218.6
222. 5
237.7
231.7
221.2
216.7
222.8
238.0
228.9
218.9
192.0
200.6
208.3
206.6
194.1
221.0
227.7
242.3
237.8
227.0
Mobile, Ala...........................
Newark, N. J____________
New Haven, Conn_______
New Orleans, La..................
New York, N. Y...................
226.3
230.5
226.6
241.4
231.3
233.1
229.9
227.7
245.4
231.7
236.0
230.0
229.4
248.7
232.5
235.2
230.2
232.0
246.6
233.2
230.4
226.4
225.3
241.4
226.9
224.4
228.6
226.1
239.2
227.4
229.1
228.2
221.0
240.1
229.3
228.0
224.1
220.2
239.8
225.3
228.0
225.0
219. 7
240.5
226.2
231.6
227.7
222.6
244.8
230.2
231.4
227.2
222.2
244.3
230.6
230.0
228.3
222.1
241.3
230.9
231.7
226.4
222.4
239.0
227.8
200.1
203.3
199.8
212.9
203.7
228.7
229.6
227.1
Norfolk, Va_____________
Omaha, Nebr....................
Peoria, 111__________ _____
Philadelphia, Pa...................
Pittsburgh, Pa___________
235.1
223.5
237.6
231.4
237.0
238.9
224.6
244.0
232.3
237.1
244.0
227.3
245.9
235.4
240.9
242.0
225.5
243.7
235.1
237.3
236.0
226.6
243.3
228.8
232.9
235.0
224.8
240.0
228.1
233.0
234.7
223.2
239.8
226.9
231.4
231.0
222.4
235.6
224.3
229.3
232.7
222.6
238.6
224.4
229.8
237.2
226.8
243.8
229.4
235.7
233.6
227.0
242.5
228.8
234.6
231.9
225.1
239.5
228.6
235.2
230.0
223.3
235.6
227.1
233. 5
205.9
197.2
216.8
201.4
207.5
237.6
226.2
Portland, Maine...................
Portland, Oreg— .................
Providence, R. I____ ____
Richmond, V a .....................
Rochester, N. Y ...................
218.1
247.6
235.2
218.2
226.4
219.0
249.6
235.6
222.7
227.7
222.9
251.6
241.3
224. 1
231.0
222.3
250.5
241.8
220.7
232.0
219.0
250.0
238.5
214.6
226.7
215.4
251.3
237.8
215.6
226.4
213.6
250.6
233.4
216.8
222.2
213.8
248.3
231.4
212.9
221.6
214.1
246.9
229.5
214.3
223.5
217.0
254.8
234.4
219.3
227.4
216.1
253.3
234.1
218.3
227.4
216.4
251.8
233.3
219.1
226.3
215.8
246.9
232.8
218.4
222.3
193.0
219.1
207.9
195.2
196.4
219.4
246.9
239.2
222.3
229.0
St. Louis, Mo......................
St. Paul, Minn...... ...............
Salt Lake City, Utah_____
San Francisco, Calif.............
Savannah, Ga................... .
244.4
222.8
235.3
240.0
242.1
244.3
222.4
237.5
240.9
245.0
249.0
223.3
237.3
241.7
252.0
248.6
224.1
236.8
243.0
247.3
247.6
225.1
234.8
247.4
242.9
243.6
223.2
234.2
247.0
241.3
240.5
221.6
233.7
249.5
239.3
238.3
220.0
231.5
245.4
238.7
238.6
221.2
231.2
240.5
238.9
244.0
224.0
232.9
248.9
242.6
243.9
223.7
233.4
248.4
241.7
242.2
221.6
232.5
240.7
241.7
239.3
220.7
228.5
235.6
240.7
210.2
192.5
202.2
211.1
206.3
248.0
223.0
Scranton, P a ........................
Seattle, Wash...................... .
Springfield, 111__________ _
Washington, D. O................
Wichita, Kans.1_____ ____
Winston-Salem, N. CJ ____
232.0
238.5
242.9
229.2
248.6
222.7
234.8
240.7
244.7
232.2
249. 9
224.7
237.7
239.0
246.9
233.1
250.9
228.6
237.7
239.2
246.9
232.2
246.0
224.9
230.9
237.8
245.9
227.2
245.9
219.0
231.1
239.7
242.2
226.8
241.5
217.1
227.8
241.5
240.1
227.8
240.4
218.0
224.3
239.7
238.6
224.0
240.8
217.6
225.6
238.2
240.2
223.1
242.7
218.6
232.0
243.4
244.1
228.7
248.3
223.2
229.9
239.9
242.6
228.9
248.8
222.8
229.8
238.1
241.4
228.1
244.1
220.5
227.2
234.8
238.6
228.0
242.9
220.1
204.2
208.6
211.8
201.9
209.4
197.3
Oct.
1952
Sept.
1952
United States........................
232.4
___________
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md___________
Birmingham, Ala________
Boston, M a ss___________
Bridgeport, Conn........... .
Buffalo, N. Y ................. .
Butte, Mont .. _________
Cedar Rapids, Iowa 1_____
Charleston, S. C_________
Chicago, IÜ............................
227.4
232.4
236.3
222.8
238.5
Cincinnati, Ohio_______ ..
Cleveland, Ohio__________
Columbus, Ohio_______ —
Dallas, T e x ____________
Denver, C olo................ —
City
»June 1940=100.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Oct.
1952
241.6
232.0
242.1
231.2
238.7
240.0
245.6
2Jf.5. If.
233.3
236.8
245.2
231.8
252.4
224.7
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
D : PR IC E S AN D
711
COST OF L IV IN G
T able D - 6 : Average Retail Prices and Indexes of Selected Foods
Commodity
Average
price
Oct.
1952
[indexes 1935-39*-100]
Oct.
1952
Cereals and bakery products:
Cereals:
Flour, wheat................. 5 pounds.
52.0 201.4
Corn flakes. ....... ......... 12 ounces.
22.3 210.4
Corn meal........... ............ .pound.
10.8 229.0
d o...
Rice 1.......
18.4 103. 0
Rolled oats 2__...............20 ounces.
18.2 165.3
Bakery products:
Bread, white *................... .pound.
16.2 190.3
Vanilla cookies.............. 7 ounces.
23.2 223.5
Layer cake4 *..................... pound.
49.8 109.1
Meats, poultry, and fish:
Meats:
Beef:
Round steak............... ...d o ... 110.9 328.2
Rib roast____________ d o...
85.3 295.1
Chuck roast................... .d o ...
72.5 321.0
Frankfurters4................. do__
63.7 105.0
Hamburger2...................d o...
61.2 200.0
Veal:
Cutlets............................ do___ 126.7 316.2
Pork:
Chops....... ....................... d o...
87.1 263.7
Bacon, sliced___ _____ do__
70.0 183.6
Ham, whole.................... do___
67.4 229.6
Salt pork......................... do___
38.8 184.6
Lamb:
Leg...................................do___
81.0 286.1
Poultry............................................... .
193.1
Frying chickens:
Dressed 8____ ________ do__
49.0
Ready-to-cook 7.............. do___
61.3
Fish:
Fish, fresh or frozen 8 ..................... .
292.2
Ocean perch fillet, frozen* do__
45.7
Haddock fillet, frozen »..do__
50.7
Salmon, pink 8......... 16-ounce can..
54.1 437.4
Dairy products:
Butter.........................................pound.. 85.1 233.8
Cheese, American process.......... .do__
61.7 272.6
Milk, fresh (delivered)............... quart.. 24.8 201.8
Milk, fresh (grocery).................... do__
23.3 203.6
Ice cream4...........
pint.. 31.5 105.6
Milk, evaporated........14}$-ounce can..
15.0 210.4
Eggs: Eggs, fresh..............................dozen.. 80.4 230.6
Fruits and vegetables:
Frozen fruits:
Strawberries4.....
..12 ounces.. 39.0
87.8
18.4
Orange juice 4.................................. 6 ounces..
78.5
Frozen vegetables:
23.4
Peas 4............................................. 12ounces..
93.3
Fresh fruits:
Apples____ ____________pound.. 13.4 250.4
Bananas____ ____________ do___ 15.5 255.5
Oranges, size 200_____
dozen.. 61.6 216.6
Fresh vegetables:
Beans, green.......... ...........pound..
20.7 192.3
6.9 185.1
Cabbage...............
...d o ___
Carrots......... ......................bunch.. 11.7 214.8
Lettuce___________
.head.. 14.8 179.4
9.6 232.0
Onions............ ................ pound..
Potatoes.......................15 pounds.. 105.4 289.3
Sweetpotatoes—................. pound.. 12.6 243.0
Tomatoes 10. _____
do___ 19.8 130.4
Canned fruits:
Peaches....................... No. 2^ can.. 33.2 172.8
Pineapple.................................do__ 38.1 175.6
Canned vegetables:
Corn__________
No.
30319.1
can.. 176.1
Tomatoes___________ No. 2can_. *17.8 198.8
Peas........ .................... No. 303 can.. 21.3 116.2
9.9 101.8
Baby foods 4.............. 4%-5 ounces..
Dried fruits, prunes................ . pound.. 27.3 259.4
Dried vegetables, navy beans__ do___ 16.5 223.6
Beverages:
Coffee............ ....................
.do___ 86.6 344.4
Cola drink 4 u__ carton of 6 , 6 -ounce. . 29.1 111.6
Fats and oils:
Lard_____ ________________pound. . 17.0 114.8
Shortening, hydrogenated............do__ 32.6 157.9
Salad dressing...............
pint.. 34.2 142.0
Margarine, colored 18................ pound.. 30.2 161.4
Sugar and sweets:
Sugar..................................... 5 pounds.. 52.5 195.9
98.4
Grape jelly 4_____________12 ounces.. 23.4
J July 1947=100.
2 February 1943=100.
8 Average price based on 52 cities; index on 56
4 December 1950=100.
8 Priced in 46 cities.
8 Priced in 23 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sept.
1952
Aug.
1952
Juiv
1952
June
1952
May
1952
Apr.
1952
Mar.
1952
Feb.
1952
Jan.
1952
Dec
1951
Nov,
1951
Oct.
1951
201.2
210.3
231.0
102.8
164.9
202.0
210.5
220.6
102.2
164.9
202.8
210.3
218.5
100.9
164.6
203.5
209.8
217.7
99.9
164.2
203.4
209.9
217.1
99.0
163.8
203.6 203.7
210. 1 209.6
217.4 218.0
98.2
96.7
163.7 163.5
204.4
209.4
216. 1
96.7
163.8
204.3
208.2
212. 7
96.1
163.3
203.1
207. 7
209.0
94.9
162.9
202.3
207 9
206 4
93 1
162.7
201.8
206 4
204.3
94 2
162.9
190 6
176 5
181 9
Q3 1
145.8
190.3
222.4
108.8
190.2
224.9
108.7
190.1
225.4
109.7
188.9
224.6
107.9
189.7
223.3
108.9
185. 2
222.5
108.2
185.1
224.6
108.5
184.8
224.5
107.9
184.5
224.2
108.3
184 2
223 8
109.1
183.9
223 1
109 8
183 9
221.5
107.5
163.9
19R 7
331.2
296.8
323.4
106.2
207.3
331.1
296.6
318.0
106.7
207.1
330.2
297.7
318.4
106.5
207.6
330.1
297.0
327.1
106.5
211.9
330.3
299.0
332.6
105.7
210.6
330.0
299.0
332.3
105.8
211.7
330.4
298.0
333.7
106.2
214.3
331.9
303.2
334.0
106.3
215.9
333.3
305.3
336. 7
107.6
217.0
333.6
307.2
338.3
108. 1
217.9
334.6
308.2
338. 5
108.6
217.6
332.7
306. 4
337.4
108.9
218 7
287.9
264 1
279. 2
321.5
316.5
318.2
326.7
325.3
325.5
326.4
326.8
325.0
322.9
319.5
319.6
271.2
266.0
185.7
236.1
181.2
278.7
185.2
239.2
178.6
254.4
170.7
227.1
167.0
257.5
167.3
226.1
166.8
245.8
158.8
213.4
159.4
223.2
159.2
210.8
160.
225.1
160.6
211.9
164.0
223.9
161.9
214.4
168.1
227.6
163.5
216.8
171.4
226.0
165 2
217.2
174.8
248.8
172.7
218.7
179. 2
258.7
178 4
226 5
185 6
243. 5
161 9
215 8
160.«
293.1
202.1
295.4
197.8
294.9
187.4
296.1
181.9
291.7
175.4
287.7
188.8
280.9
190.7
290.2
197.5
301.8
192.6
304.8
181.9
300.3
184.0
298.4
188.7
272.4
185.1
291.5
290.7
291.8
293.3
295.1
295.5
296.7
299.6
298.3
296.7
295.8
294.7
268.4
444.2
448.8
454.2
456.9
456.7
459.3
460.9
467.1
471.2
475.1
477.4
489.1
344.1
235.9
269.6
199.6
201.8
105. 5
210.3
221.4
230.6 229.0
267.4 266.4
197.0 195.7
198.3 196.0
105. 4 105.1
210.1 209.7
217.2 208.7
223.5
265.3
193.3
193.3
105.1
210.0
169.1
225.3
266.2
193.7
194.2
105.5
209.8
164.0
231.1
266. 1
195.0
196.6
106.0
209.6
165.9
245.8
265.6
196.7
198.7
106.0
208.2
161.3
258.6
265.4
196.5
198.5
105.7
206.6
166.5
252.4
266.8
196.0
198.1
105.3
205.1
184.3
241.2 226 9
263.3 261. 2
195 0 194 0
197 1 195.8
104. 4 104.5
202.8 202.8
216.7 241.8
224.2
258.3
191. 2
192.7
104.9
203. 1
243.4
195.4
226. 2
160.4
162.0
89.2
73.9
89.8
73.3
88.5
83.0
91.9
84.2
92.0
85.3
92.7
88.8
94.9
96.6
95.1
99.2
88.6
78.3
88.8
78.5
88.6
74.6
93. 2
92.5
June
1950
181.8
174.2
148.4
95.4
96.3
96.4
95.9
93.3
96.3
95.8
98.7
98.6
96.9
96.3
98.5
258.1
267.7
203.0
288.7
269.4
193.2
366.9
265.5
188.6
395.9
277.9
170.0
310.0
278.7
164.3
279.7
282.1
159.9
239.4
281.5
160.8
229.2
273.4
156.2
218.8
269.9
161.7
204.3
267.7
164.7
191. 2
270.5
175.8
178.4
269.9
189.3
301.1
271.9
172.8
167.4
199.4
218.7
186.7
219.1
312.7
263.6
114.0
214.8
286.2
216.2
177.8
234.3
354.4
407.2
151.8
235.3
287.6
216.8
171.3
250.7
360.1
444.8
204.9
161.2
229.7
220.9
166.9
276.7
351.9
470.7
217.0
236.8
327.6
234.7
199.3
370.1
333.7
433.4
201.4
258.8
235.5
193.4
184. 5
382. 2
307.0
387.7
231.8
250.4
198.1
196.3
166.0
313.3
282.0
331.2
192.9
238.1
260.0
220.0
145.4
250.9
270.5
309.9
160.7
191.3
419.8
291. 7
256.5
242.6
289.5
299.7
189.0
208.0
268 0
281.8
272.8
209.0
266. 2
265.2
222.4
246.2
217.2
289. 4
232.1
196.6
247. 5
234.4
144.3
188.4
160.5
235.9
186.4
177.0
215.2
227 5
142.8
151.0
174.3
181.7
167.3
187.1
219. 3
209.4
208.3
173.1
175.9
172.8
176.1
172.4
176.2
173.6
176.6
180.0
176.6
178.8
176.5
179.7
176.4
180.0
176.8
179.1
176.7
178.3
177.3
177.6
177.6
177.9
177.8
140.1
172.0
176.5
196.3
115.3
101.9
257.7
222.6
174.4
192.7
112.8
102.0
256.0
220.4
173.0
193.8
112.4
101.8
256.0
216.7
172.6
193.1
111.7
102.0
256.0
214.2
172.2
195.2
111.8
102.0
256.2
213.6
172.0
194.8
112.3
102.1
256.3
213.7
171.2
195.9
113.0
102.0
256.2
212.9
171.3
194.2
113.0
102.0
259.0
214.5
169.5
195.1
113.0
101.9
260.6
214.0
168.3
195.4
114.3
101.9
261.6
213.9
166.7
194. 2
114. 6
101.7
263.1
211.9
165.3
194.8
115.5
101. 7
268.7
213.1
138.4
161.6
114.3
344.5
111.8
344.7
111.6
344.8
111.3
345.0
111.3
345.2
111.2
345.8
111.4
345.9
111.2
345.9
111.2
345.2
111.3
345.4
111.2
345.5
110.8
345.1
110.2
294.9
118.2
158.0
143.1
159.2
122.2
157.7
142.6
158.5
120.7
157.8
142.0
156.7
122.4
158.1
141.1
153.9
118.3
159.1
142.9
151.8
124.8
162.8
146.7
151.6
130.3
165.6
147.9
153.8
143.7
170.7
151.1
157.2
149.8
174.0
153.6
165.4
155.5
176.6
153.4
169.4
158.3
177.2
152.8
170.5
167.7
178.4
153.0
171.2
116.0
155.6
142.1
161.1
195.6
98. 1
195. 1 193.3
98.0
98.4
192.2
97.5
191.2
98. 2
189.1
98.9
187.0
98. 2
187.9
98.3
188.7
98 8
188.8
99 6
189.1
100 0
189.8
99 4
175.3
7 Priced in 33 cities.
8 1938-39 = 100.
8 Priced in 47 cities.
70 October 1949=100.
17 Average price based
cities.
on 54 cities; index on 56
__ . . . . .
237.8
202.7
72 Average price for colored margarine based on
50 cities; index on 56 cities (colored margarine in
50 cities, uncolored margarine in 6 cities).
‘ Correction, U. S. canned tomato prices July 15,
17.4 cents; August 15, 17.3 cents; September 15,
17.6 cents.
D : P R IC E S AN D
712
M ONTHLY LABOR
COST OF L IV IN G
T able D -7: Indexes of Wholesale Prices, by Group of Commodities
[1947-49=100] «
Sept.
1952
Oct.
1952
Commodity group
Oct.
1952
Oommodity group
All commodities----------------------- -------------------------
111.2
r 111.8
All commodities other than farm and food—Continued
Farm products _ ____________________________
Processed foods
__________________________
104.9
108.5
' 106.6
' 110.3
...
113.1
' 113.2
Textile products and apparel_____________ _____
Hides, skins, and leather products------------- --------Fuel, power, and lighting materials..........................
Chemicals and allied products..................................
99.2
96.6
107.2
103.9
99.5
96.5
" 106.2
104.0
Rubber and products,......................................
Lumber and wood products____ __________
Pulp, paper, and allied products.....................
Metals and metal products....... .......................
Machinery and motive products.....................
Furniture and other household durables........
Nonmetallic minerals—structural__________
Tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages.
Miscellaneous................................ ...................
All commodities other than farm and food.......... .
1 The revised wholesale price index (1947-49=100) is the official index
for January 1952 and subsequent months. The official index for December
1951 and previous dates is the former index (1926=100)—see table D-7a.
The revised index has been computed back to January 1947 for purposes
of comparison and analysis. Beginning with January 1952 the index is
based on prices for one day in the month. Prices are collected from manu-
Sept.
1952
126.0
120.3
115.5
124.3
121.3
1 1 2 .1
114.4
126.3
120.4
<■115.6
' 124.6
«• 121. 5
' 1 1 2 .0
113.8
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .8
108.4
108.3
facturers and other producers. In some cases they are secured from trade
publications or from other Government agencies which collect price quota
tions in the course of their regular work. For a more detailed description
of the index, see A Description of the Revised Wholesale Price Index,
Monthly Labor Review, February 1952 (p. 180).
r Revised.
T able D-7a: Indexes of Wholesale Prices,1 by Group of Commodities, for Selected Periods
11926=100]
Hides
and
Foods leather
prod
ucts
Tex
tile
prod
ucts
Mis
Chem
Fuel Metals
cella
Build icals Houseand
furand
and
neous
ing
light metal
nishcom
mate allied
ing
ing
modi
prod goods
rials
mate prod
ucts
ucts
ties
rials
All
com
modi
ties
Farm
prod
ucts
Average ____
July .~
November...
M ay. _____
Average.........
69.8
67.3
136.3
167.2
95.3
71.6
71.4
150.3
169.8
104.9
64.2
62.9
128.6
147.3
99.9
69.7
131. 6
193.2
109.1
57.3
55.3
142.6
188.3
90.4
61.3
55.7
114.3
159.8
83.0
90.8
79.1
143.5
155.5
100.5
1 0 1 .8
1932: Average____
1939: Average____
August_____
1940: Average.........
64.8
77.1
75.0
78.6
48.2
65.3
61.0
67.7
61.0
70.4
67.2
71.3
72.9
95.6
92.7
1 0 0 .8
54.9
69.7
67.8
73.8
70.3
73.1
72.6
71.7
1941: Average____
December___
1942: Average____
1943: Average____
1944: Average.........
87.3
93.6
98.8
103.1
104.0
82.4
94.7
105.9
123.3
82.7
90.5
99.6
106.6
104.9
108.3
114.8
117.7
117.5
116.7
84.8
91.8
96.9
97.4
98.4
1945: Average____
August_____
105.8
105.7
128.2
126.9
106.2
106.4
118.1
118.0
1 0 0 .1
1946: Average_____
June _____
November___
1947: Average_____
1948: Average____
1949: Average__ _
1950: Average____
December___
1951: Average____
1 2 1 .1
148.9
140.1
169.8
181.2
188.3
165.5
170.4
187.4
196.1
130.7
112.9
165.4
168.7
179.1
161.4
166.2
179.0
186.9
1961: January_____
February____
March______
April . .
May___ *___
June
July
August_____
September___
October ___
November___
December___
180.2
183. 7
184.0
183.6
182. 9
181. 7
179.4
178.0
177.6
178.1
178.3
177.8
194.2
182.2
187.6
186.6
185.8
187.3
186.3
186.0
187.3
188.0
189.4
188.8
187.3
Year and month
1913:
1914:
1918:
1920:
1929:
112.9
139.7
152.1
165.1
155.0
161. 5
175.3
180.4
1 2 2 .6
2 0 2 .6
203.8
202.5
199.6
198.6
194.0
190.6
189.2
192.3
195.1
193.6
All
com
modi
ties
ex
cept
farm
prod
ucts
and
foods
164.4
95.4
80.2
77.9
178.0
173.7
94.0
56.1
56.7
99.2
143.3
94.3
142.3
176.5
82.6
67.3
138.8
163.4
97.5
74.9
67.8
162.7
253.0
93.9
69.4
66.9
130.4
157.8
94. 5
69.0
65. 7
131.0
165. 4
93.3
70.0
65.7
129.9
170.6
91.6
80.2
94.4
93.2
95.8
71.4
90.5
89.6
94.8
73.9
76.0
74.2
77.0
75.1
86.3
85.6
88.5
64.4
74.8
73.3
77.3
55.1
70.2
66.5
71.9
59.3
77.0
74.5
79.1
70.3
80.4
79.1
81.6
68.3
79.5
77.9
80.8
70.2
81.3
80.1
83.0
76.2
78.4
78.5
80.8
83.0
99.4
103.3
103.8
103. 8
103.8
103.2
107.8
94.3
102.4
102.7
104.3
82.0
87.6
89.7
92.2
93.6
83.5
92.3
113.2
86.9
90.1
92.6
92.9
94.1
89.1
94.6
98. 6
111.4
115.5
84.4
90.4
95.5
94.9
95.2
1 0 0 .1
1 0 0 .8
88.3
93.3
97.0
98.7
99. 6
89.0
93.7
95. 6
96.9
98.5
84.0
84.8
104.7
104.7
117.8
117.8
95.2
95.3
104.5
104.5
94.7
94.8
116.8
116.3
95.9
95. 5
1 0 1 .8
1 0 1 .8
1 0 0 .8
99.6
100.9
99.7
99.0
137.2
122.4
172.5
182.4
188.8
180.4
191.9
218.7
221.4
116.3
109.2
131.6
141.7
149.8
140.4
148.0
171.4
172.2
90.1
87.8
94.5
108.7
134.2
131.7
133.2
135. 7
138.2
115.5
132.6
129.9
145.5
179.7
199.1
193.4
206.0
221.4
225.5
101.4
96.4
118.9
127.3
135.7
118.6
122.7
139.6
143.3
1 1 1 .6
100.3
98.5
106.5
115.5
120.5
112.3
120.9
140.5
141.0
134.7
126.3
153.4
165.6
178.4
163.9
172.4
187.1
192.4
1 1 0 .8
110.4
118.2
131.1
144.5
145.3
153.2
170.2
176.0
105.7
129.1
148.5
158.0
150.2
156.0
178.1
177.6
116.1
107.3
134.7
146.0
159.4
151.2
156.8
169.0
174.9
114.9
106.7
132.9
145. 5
159.8
152.4
159.2
172.4
176.7
109.6
105.6
120.7
135.2
151.0
147.3
153.2
166.7
169.4
235.4
238.7
236.9
233.3
232.6
230.6
221.9
213.7
178.4
181.0
183.0
182.7
182.0
177.9
173.2
167.4
163.1
157.7
159.4
160.5
136.4
138.1
138.6
138.1
137.5
137.8
137.9
138.1
138.8
138.9
139.1
139.2
187.5
188.1
188.8
189.0
188.8
188.2
187.9
188.1
189.1
191.2
191.5
191.7
226.2
228.2
228.6
228.6
227.7
225.6
223.8
147.5
150.2
149.3
147.2
145.7
142.3
139.4
140.1
140.8
141.1
138.7
137.9
175.0
175.7
179.1
180.4
180.1
179.5
178.8
175.3
172.4
171.7
172.0
172.0
142.4
142.7
142.5
142.7
141.7
141.7
138.8
138.2
138.5
139.2
141.3
141.6
192.6
198.9
199.4
197.7
195.6
194.7
189.9
187.5
187.0
188.9
189.6
188.8
184.9
187.0
187.4
187.0
186.4
180.0
174.0
170.0
168.8
168.3
168.7
167.9
173.3
175.6
175.9
176.1
176.2
175.6
175.1
174.4
174.2
174.3
174.1
173.9
176.9
179.3
179.4
179.2
179.0
177.8
176.0
174.9
174.8
174.8
174.3
174.1
170.4
171.9
172.6
172.3
171.6
170.6
168.6
167.2
167.0
166.6
166.9
166.9
6 8 .1
2 1 2 .1
208.3
196.6
192.3
1 1 2 .2
130.2
145.0
163.6
170.2
173.6
184.9
189.2
i This Index (1926=100) is the official index for December 1951 and all
previous dates. The revised index (1947-49=100) is the official index for
January 1952 and subsequent dates—see tables D-7 and D- 8 . BLS whole
sale price data, for the most part., represent prices in primary markets. They
are prices charged by manufacturers or producers or are prices prevailing on
organized exchanges.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All
com
Seml- Manu modi
ties
Raw manufac
tured
ex
facmate
cept
tured prod
rials
farm
articles ucts
prod
ucts
56.7
62.9
1 1 0 .2
2 2 2 .6
223.1
223.6
224.5
224.0
1 0 1 .1
93.1
8 8 .1
6 8 .8
1 0 0 .6
1 1 2 .1
For a detailed description of the method of calculation for this series see
November 1949 Monthly Labor Review, Compiling Monthly and Weekly
Wholesale Price Indexes (p. 541).
REVIEW, DECEMBER .1952
D : PR IC E S AND
713
COST OF L IV IN G
T able D -8: Indexes of Wholesale Prices, by Group and Subgroup of Commodities 1
[1947-49=3100]
Commodity group
Jet.»
1952
Sept.
1952
Commodity group
Lumber and wood products_______________________
Lumber
Millwork_______________________ _____ ______
Plywood........................................................................
120.3
190 3
127.7
106.1
Pulp, paper, and allied products......................................
Woodpulp________ ____________ ____________
Wastepaper______________ __________________
Paper...................................... ....................................
Paperboard...................................... ............................
Converted paper and paperboard_______________
Building paper and board..................................... .
115. 5
109.3
71.2
124.9
124.6
115.8
R 115. 6
109.3
78.5
124.0
124.6
R 1 1 2 .6
115.8
Metals and metal products..............................................
Iron and steel________ _________ ___________
Nonferrous metals____________ ________________
Metal containers_____________________________
Hardware............................................. ...... ........... .
Plumbing equipment..................... ...........................
Heating equipment_______________________ ___
Structural metal products...................................... .
Nonstructural metal products.............................. ......
124.3
127.3
122.9
125.1
125.3
118.1
113.7
115.6
125.9
R 124. 6
R 127. 5
124.7
R 124.2
123.8
118.1
113.7
115.6
R 125.6
Machinery and motive products.....................................
121.3
Construction machinery and equipment.___ _____
Metal working machinery
General purpose machinery and equipment______
Miscellaneous machinery______________________
Electrical machinery and equipment____________
Motor vehicles____________ _________ ________ _
125.9
199 2
12 L 8
119.4
119.2
119.7
R 121. 5
191 5
R 125.8
R 129 2
R 122 .3
R 119. 2
R 119. 7
119.7
Furniture and other household durables................ ........
Household furniture____________ _____________
Commercial furniture.................................... .............
Floor covering.......... .................. ............................. .
Household appliances....................................... ..........
Radio, TV, and phonographs___ ______________
Other household durable goods__________ ______
1 1 2 .1
112 6
R 1 1 2 .0
123.2
122.4
107.3
93.7
119.5
122.5
R 122.4
R 107.3
93.7
119.5
113.8
114.4
112.9
112.7
121.3
117.7
106.0
All commodities..............................................
1 1 1 .2
R 1 1 1 .8
Farm products......... ........................ ............
Fresh and dried produce____________
Grains.__________________________
Livestock and poultry.............................
Plant and animal fibers..........................
Fluid m ilk ............................................. .
Eggs...........................................................
Hay and seeds................ ......... ..............
Other farm products___________ _____
104.9
111.7
95.0
94.8
109.6
115.0
124.'8
96.7
136.0
R 106.6
115.6
96.9
99.3
113.3
R 113.8
112.5
96.4
136.6
Processed foods_______________________
Cereal and bakery products.................. .
Meats, poultry, fish................................
Dairy products and ice cream________
Canned, frozen, fruits and vegetables...
Sugar and confectionery____ ________
Packaged beverage materials________
Animal fats and oils......... .............. .......
Crude vegetable oils________________
Refined vegetable oils______________
Vegetable oil end products.................... .
Other processed foods.......... ................ .
108.5
106.4
104.3
115.9
105.8
110.7
161.9
58.4
63.7
64.9
82.0
124.1
R 110 .3
106.5
R 109.4
116.4
R 105.9
110.5
161.9
60.4
63.3
65.7
80.8
127.6
All commodities other than farm and foods.
113.1
» 113.2
Textile products and apparel..._________
Cotton products___________________
Wool products_____________________
Synthetic textiles._____ ______ ______
Silk products______________________
Apparel__________________________
Other textile products.......................... .
99 2
99 3
113. 2
89.5
140.0
98 4
94 5
99.5
E 98 9
R 112. 4
R 89.9
139.3
99 3
95 0
Hides, skins, and leather products_______
Hides and skins___________________
Leather.................................................... .
Footwear..................................................
Other leather products........................ .
1 1 2 .2
1 91
110 . 6
99.4
1 1 0 .6
99.9
Sept.
1952
Oct.»
1952
5
120.4
120 6
R 127. 2
106.0
1 1 2 .6
Fuel, power, and lighting materials.............
Coal...........................................................
Coke_____________ _______________
G as................... ............................. .........
Electricity___________________ ____
Petroleum and products.........................
107.2
R 106. 2
113.4
R 107.6
124. 3
124. 3
100. 3 R 3 100 .3
101 .3 R 4 101 .3
108.5
108.5
Nonmetalic minerals—structural___________________
Flat glass_______________ ____________________
Concrete ingredients..... ....................... ........... ...........
Concrete products_________________ ______ ____
Structural clay products........................... .................
Gypsum products............ ................................... ........
Prepared asphalt roofing__________ ____________
Other nonmetallic minerals____________________
114.4
114.4
113.0
112.7
124.0
117.7
106.0
112.7
1 1 2 .0
Chemicals and allied products.....................
Industrial chemicals................................
Paint and paint materials___________
Drugs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics........
Fats and oils, inedible______________
Mixed fertilizer________________ ___
Fertilizer materials___________ _____
Other chemicals and products................
103.9
113.9
106.5
92.1
50.9
110.7
104.0
114.3
107.0
92.1
48.9
R 110 .3
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 1 1 .0
1 1 1 .0
Tobacco manufactures and bottled beverages_________
Cigarettes______ _______________ _____________
Cigars.............................................................................
Other tobacco products____ ______ ____________
Alcoholic beverages................................................... .
Nonalcoholic beverages................................................
119.7
119.7
103.0
103.0
Rubber and products__________________
Crude rubber.___ _________________
Tires and tubes____ ________________
Other rubber products______________
126.0
126 6
126.3
125.2
126.3
128.3
126.3
125.2
Miscellaneous.__________________________ ________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms_______________
Manufactured animal feeds........ ...............................
Notions and accessories----------------- ------ -----------Jewelry, watches, photo equipment_____________
Other miscellaneous..______ ____________ _____
108.4
113.2
108.4
90.9
108.3
113.1
108.3
90.8
i See footnote 1, table D-7.
231045— 5:
-8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* Preliminary,
3 Calculated from August data.
4 Calculated from July data.
R Revised.
105.7
102.4
118.4?
105. 7
102.4
118.4
1 1 1 .2 1
1 1 1 .2
1 0 1 .0
120 . 8
R 1 0 1 .0
R 1 2 0 .8
714
E: W ORK
MONTHLY LABOR
STOPPAGES
E: Work Stoppages
T able E - l: Work Stoppages Resulting From Labor-Management Disputes 1
Number of stoppages
Workers Involved in stoppages
Man-days Idle during month
or year
Month and year
Beginning in
month or year
1935-39 (average)
1945......................
1946....... .
1947....... .
1948....... .
1949......................
1950-...................
In effect dur
ing month
Beginning in
month or year
In effect dur
ing month
1,130, 000
3, 470,000
4.600.000
2.170.000
1.960.000
3.030.000
2, 410,000
2,862
4,750
4,985
3,693
3, 419
3, 606
4,843
Number
16.900.000
38,000,000
116,000,000
34,600, 000
34.100.000
50, 500,000
38, 800,000
0. 27
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.59
.44
.30
.19
.13
1951: October.........
November—
December__
487
305
186
728
521
357
248,000
84,000
81,500
365.000
191.000
130.000
2, 790,000
1, 610,000
1952: January L .
February 2_
March 2......
April’-.......
May 1..........
June 2......... .
July
.......
August2
September 2.
October 2__
400
350
400
475
475
425
425
450
475
425
600
550
600
650
675
650
650
675
700
650
190.000
185.000
240.000
250.000
250, 000
320.000
1.250.000
1.270.000
1.400.000
5.300.000
7, 500,000
14,000.000
12,500.000
i All known work stoppages, arising out of labor-management disputes,
involving six or more workers and continuing as long as a full day or shift
are included in reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Figures on “work
ers involved” and “man-days idle” cover all workers made idle for one or
more shifts in establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1, 000.000
1, 200, 000
300, 000
170, 000
125.000
225.000
230.000
470.000
1, 200 , 000
1, 000, 000
850, 000
310.000
360, 000
600, 000
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
1, 020, 000
2 . 100.000
3,200,000
3, 500, 000
.14
.15
.17
.61
.90
1.68
1.44
.25
.37
.37
measure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or indus
tries whose employees are made idle as a result of material or service shortages,
2 Preliminary.
2Does not include memorial stoppage in coal mining industry.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
715
F: BUI LDING AND CONSTRUCTION
F: Building and Construction
T able F - l: Expenditures for New Construction 1
[Value of work put in place]
Expenditures (in millions)
Type of construction
1952 2
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
1951 5
May
April
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
19512
1950
Total Total
Total new construction*_______________ $2, 799 $3,Oil $3,098 $3, 095 $3,027 $2,945 $2, 743 $2, 516 $2,332 $2,088 $2,174 $2,366 $2, 624 $30, 893 $28, 749
Private construction.,................................... 1,917 1,988 2,030 2,037 1,994 1,925 1,811 1,690 1,617 1,463 1,517 1, 674 1,818 21, 684 21, 610
Residential building (nonfarm)..........__ 1,033 1,048 1,049 1,047 1,023
983
922
849
799
676
719
840
930 10, 973 12,600
New dwelling units_____________
935
930
935
930
905
865
810
750
710
600
650
760
832 9, 849 11,525
Additions and alterations________
85
95
96
99
101
103
99
87
77
63
56
66
84
934
900
N onhousekeeping
.......................
18
18
18
18
17
15
13
12
12
13
14
13
14
190
175
Nonresidential building (nonfarm) «__
429
434
430
418
411
404
392
386
398
406
415
415
425
5,152
3,
777
Industrial_____________ _______
187
181
189
187
180
182
188
194
202
209
209
200
200
1,062
2,117
Commercial______ _____ ______
107
104
101
98
97
92
82
74
73
75
92
83
96 1,371
1,288
Warehouses, office and loft
buildings_______ _________
48
44
45
43
39
36
34
33
33
36
39
41
41
544
402
Stores, restaurants, and garages.
59
57
59
55 • 58
56
48
41
40
39
44
51
55
827
886
Other nonresidential building____
135
141
142
139
134
130
122
119
122
122
123
123
129
1, 664
1,427
Religious...................................
38
38
39
36
33
31
29
28
29
30
31
32
34
452
409
Educational..............................
33
33
32
31
30
29
26
20
26
27
28
28
29
345
294
Social and recreational..............
12
12
12
12
11
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
9
164
247
Hospital and institutional i___
29
31
33
34
35
35
34
33
33
32
32
33
34
419
344
Miscellaneous______________
23
27
26
26
25
25
24
23
25
24
23
22
23
284
133
Farm construction________ ________ _
168
117
139
183
180
171
157
136
123
113
110
no
126 1,800
1, 791
Public utilities_______________ _____
331
376
360
381
371
359
333
292
313
263
267
303
331
3,695
3,330
Railroad___ __________________
37
37
37
37
36
36
33
30
27
32
30
37
41
399
315
Telephone and telegraph________
48
47
49
48
47
47
46
45
46
41
41
40
42
487
440
Other public utilities_____ _____
247
274
291
296
288
276
254
236
216
195
196
226
248 2,809
2, 575
All other private *____ _____________
7
7
8
7
9
8
7
5
6
6
5
6
6
64
112
Public construction____________________
882
1023 1,068 1,058 1,033 1,020
932
826
715
625
692
657
806 9,209
7,139
Residential building *_____________ _
48
52
53
55
53
54
54
54
55
58
63
66
68
595
345
Nonresidential building (other than
military or naval facilities).................
337
352
369
373
375
375
356
343
311
275
286
289
300 3. 471
2, 402
Industrial_____________ _______
130
141
156
162
162
164
151
114
138
88
92
95
97
958
224
Educational________ __________
136
137
137
137
138
138
136
131
135
128
130
131
134
1,
531
1,163
Hospital and institutional________
38
41
40
42
43
42
41
42
39
36
37
36
37
476
498
Other nonresidential_____ _____
33
34
35
32
32
31
28
28
27
23
27
27
32
484
539
Military and naval facilities 10_______
117
125
127
129
121
119
116
109
100
85
91
88
100
887
177
Highways.____ ___________________
230
330
335
350
320
310
250
175
115
90
90
111
187
2,
400
2,381
Sewer and water___________________
57
62
63
65
63
62
60
56
51
46
48
50
55
706
671
Miscellaneous public service enter
prises » ____________________ ____
16
20
22
20
19
18
18
15
13
11
12
12
15
213
186
Conservation and development.............
72
77
79
75
76
76
72
68
65
56
62
72
76
860
881
All other public 11__________________
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
4
5
4
5
77
96
5
1 Joint estimates of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of
Labor, and the Building Materials Division, U. S. Department of Com
merce. Estimated construction expenditures represent the monetary value
of the volume of work accomplished during the given period of time. These
figures should be differentiated from permit valuation data reported in the
tabulations for building authorized (tables F-3 and F-4) and the data on
value of contract awards reported in table F-2.
* Revised.
* Preliminary.
* Includes major additions and alterations.
* Includes hotels, dormitories, and tourist courts and cabins.
* Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential
building are included under “Public utilities.”
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7 Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
* Covers privately owned sewer and water facilities, roads and bridges, and
miscellaneous nonbuilding items such as parks and playgrounds.
8 Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as
housekeeping units.
10 Covers all construction, building as well as nonbuilding (except for pro
duction facilities, which are included in public industrial building).
n Covers primarily publicly owned airports, electric light and power
systems, and local transit facilities.
11 Covers public construction not elsewhere classified, such as parks, play
grounds, and memorials.
MONTHLY LABOR
F: BUI LDI NG AND CONSTRUCTION
716
T able F-2: Value of Contracts Awarded and Force-Account Work Started on Federally Financed
New Construction, by Type of Construction 1
Value (in thousands)
Sept.
Total new construction
Airfields *____________
Building-______ ____Residential_________
îx onresidential______
Educational4_____
Hospital and insti
tutional________
Administrative and
general A.
Other nonresidential
building.- ___
Airfield buildings •_
Industrialr_____
Troop housing___
Warehouses_____
Miscellaneous *__
Conservation and de
velopment________
Reclamation----------River, harbor, and
flood control _____
Highways___________
Electrification _______
A.11 other *----- ---------
1951
1952
Type of construction
Aug.
July
June*
May
Apr.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept,
1950
Total
Total
$213, 536 $227, 748 $203, 658 $596,883 $285,047 $358, 525 $265,187 $202,100 $260,887 $208, 507 $190,610 $189,117 $264,023 $4, 201, 939 $2,805, 214
278, 630
58,183
3,371
3,340 10,170
9,096 14, 532
9,315
6, 949
3,833
3,924 17, 556 6,020
8,496
8.012
75,255 107, 989 68, 418 369,355 143, 940 144, 461 144, 054 104,876 97,126 115, 631 72, 316 72,709 109,893 2,179, 280 1, 369, 617
8,
966
15, 445
112
179
306
46
280
310
178
2,067
668
530
362
1,149
3,367
74,106 104, 622 68, 056 367, 288 143,272 143, 931 143, 876 104, 596 96,816 115,325 72,204 72, 663 109, 714 2,170, 314 1, 354,172
60,
570
12,
229
9,
723
3,123
9,825
6,508
3,384
7,703
3,318
879
5,896
12,290
8,941
9,
073
8, 980
3,572
5, Oil
29, 054
6,931
20,060
15,171
23, 270
10, 902
10, 629
5, 745
10, 653
10,867
14,601
29,634
305, 787
1,022
2, 514
11,891
3,422
615
3, 266
1,717
2,236
1,570
1,265
1,812
15,673
57,146
58,794
49, 538 323,047 123,800 114,150 126, 390
5,310
6, 461
2, 702
7,773
4,131
9, 974 166, 522 48, 511 31,161 43, 645
20,305 58,360 23,178 36, 534 28, 492
4,165 38, 013 35,998 28, 256 29,*765
10, 963 52,379 13,411 12,889 18.027
85, 742
2,041
6, 764
23, 962
32, 427
20, 548
85, 451
905
11, 703
25, 020
28,133
19, 690
95,399
1,787
32, 274
47, 293
6, 734
7,311
50, 247
309
27,973
656
12, 547
8, 762
44, 021
3,903
10,890
1,201
4,850
23,177
54, 684 1,746,811
91,911
11,013
892, 384
22, 033
225, 909
3, 055
75,824
3,156
460, 783
15, 427
896,169
32, 450
745, 037
2,589
45, 437
70, 656
56, 543
1,780
8,263
11, 736
11, 991
22,773
65, 605
7,701
19,119
18, 095
10, 551
10,139
27, 581
13, 970
7, 912
2,894
13,611
78,198
9,144
14, 862
396, 086
50, 433
34, 637
15, 246
5,461
24, 382
5,470
26,389
527
13,852
2, 423
28, 449
2,017
19, 429
6,244
47,493
6,409
396,841
86,928
321, 458
81,768
6,635 15,796
5,018
3,068 33, 797
93,360 105, 449 124,689 105, 228 101, 566
9,039 10,896 49, 681
895 14, 464
8, 551
7,676 31, 524 10,137
9, 580
9, 785
79, 605
12, 738
6, 595
18, 912
60. 971
2, 960i
5, 540.
25,862
66, 430
49, 523
12,104
11, 429
53, 373
6, 464
15,847
26, 432
69, 554
2,711
7,410
13,185
65,375
3,614
18,894
41,084
68, 419
5, 671
18, 015
309, 913
850, 946
281, 251
214,991
239, 690
836, 015
156, 981
62, 960
3, 727
659
44, 720
10,923
8,826
2,191
i Excludes classified military projects, but includes projects for the Atomic
Energy Commission. Data for Federal-aid programs cover amounts contrib
uted by both owner and the Federal Government. Force-account work is
done not through a contractor, but directly by a Government agency, using a
separate work force to perform nonmaintenance construction on the agency’s
own properties.
>Includes major additions and alterations.
* Excludes hangars and other buildings, which are included under “ Other
nonresidential” building construction.
* Includes projects under the Federal School Construction Program, which
provides aid for areas affected by Federal Government activities.
1 Includes post offices, armories, offices, and customhouses.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mar.
1951
f Includes all buildings on civilian airports and military airfields and air
bases with the exception of barracks and other troop housing, which are in
cluded under “Troop housing.”
i Covers all industrial plants under Federal Government ownership, in
cluding those which are privately operated. Excludes estimated costs for
additional expansion of Atomic Energy Commission facilities, as announced
in July and August 1952, for which final notification of awards and contract
amounts have not been received.
»Includes types of buildings not elsewhere classified.
• Includes sewer and water projects, railroad construction, and other types
of projects not elsewhere classified
•During June, the last month in the fiscal year, volume is relatively high
because of the large number of contracts customarily awarded.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
717
F: B U TLD TNG AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-3: Urban Building Authorized, by Principal Class of Construction and by Type of Building 1
Number of new dwelling units—House
keeping only
Valuation (In thousands)
New residential building
Period
Housekeeping
Total all
classes 5
19421946.
1947.
1948.
1949.
1950.
1951..
Privately financed
NonPrivately financed dwelling units
Publicly house
financed keep
dwelling «
Multi
Ing
Total
1-family 2-fam
ily » family 3 units
New nonresi
dential
building
Additions,
altera
tions,
and
repairs
Total
1-fam
ily
Pub
licly fi
2-fam Multinanced
fam
ily »
ily ‘
$2.707, 573
4, 743,414
5, 563,348
6,972,784
7,396, 274
10, 408, 292
8,895,430
$598, 570
2,114,833
2,885, 374
3,422,927
3, 724. 924
5,803,912
4,375,520
$478, 6,58
1,830, 260
2,361, 752
2, 745, 219
2,845,399
4,845,104
3, 814,922
$42,629
103, 042
151,036
181,493
132,365
179, 214
170,392
1951: September.
October__
November.
December..
838,035
651,679
541,096
429,830
435, 867
344, 329
264,089
210, 328
379,690
306,172
235, 464
178,004
18,169
14,374
10,324
9,572
38,007
23,784
18, 301
22, 752
16, 616
9,788
21,192
10, 669
7,684
4,880
2,369
1,014
282,659
196,589
186,187
148,031
95,209
96.092
67, 258
59, 788
50, 492
42,175
32,682
26,805
40,371
35, 580
27,782
21,238
2,995
2,477
1,766
1, 700
7,126
4,118
3,134
3,867
1, 860
1,087
2,310
1,234
1952: January.......
February...
March.........
April_____
May______
June............
July______
August3___
September7.
508,470
595, 214
778, 897
843, 466
813,858
869,290
806, 071
740, 684
787,166
266,719
345,009
407, 925
465, 375
443, 641
410, 751
419, 706
392, 831
434, 450
234,184
300, 701
352, 857
409, 724
388, 300
367, 746
368, 487
345, 001
380, 621
12,206
17,263
18, 794
20,380
20, 599
17, 384
17, 282
18, 961
18,055
20,329
27,045
36, 274
35, 271
34, 742
25,621
33,936
28, 869
35, 774
25, 731
25,181
76,903
73,066
55,150
62,070
22, 554
12,119
15,359
1,247
1,607
4, 570
3, 307
5, 561
3,605
2,395
5,781
6,878
145,675
146, 739
198, 888
208,317
204, 635
275, 250
252, 209
231,825
226, 937
69,098
76,678
90, 611
93,401
104,871
117,614
109, 208
98,128
103, 541
34,374
43,191
49, 942
56, 269
53, 228
48,841
50, 570
47, 823
51, 878
28,376
34,978
40,136
45,936
43, 572
41,075
41, 790
38, 867
42,352
2,386
3,017
3, 469
3,558
3, 532
3,060
2,930
3, 283
3,078
3,612
5,196
6,337
6,775
6,124
4,706
5, 850
5,673
6,448
3,185
2,975
9, 588
8, 941
5,996
6,868
2,483
1, 663
1,669
$77,283 $296,933 $22,910 $1, 510,688 $278, 472 184,892
181,531 355, 587 43, 369 1,458, 602 771,023 430,195
372, 586
42, 249 29,831 1, 713, 489 892, 404 502,312
496, 215 139,334 38, 034 2,367, 940 1,004, 549 516,179
747,160 285,627 39, 785 2,408,445 937, 493 575, 286
779, 594 301,961 84, 508 3,127,769 1,090,142 796,143
390, 206 579,634 37,467 2,807, 359 1,095,451 533,942
i Building for which building permits were issued and Federal contracts
awarded in all urban places, including an estimate of building undertaken
in some smaller urban places that do not issue permits.
The data cover federally and nonfederally financed building construction
combined. Estimates of non-Federal (private and State and local govern
ment) urban building construction are based primarily on building-permit
reports received from places containing about 85 percent of the urban popula
tion of the country: estimates of federally financed projects are compiled from
notifications of construction contracts awarded, which are obtained from
other Federal agencies. Data from building permits are not adjusted to allow
for lapsed permits or for lag between permit issuance and the start of construc
tion. Thus, the estimates do not represent construction actually started
during the month.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
138, 908
358,151
393 606
392, 532
413, 543
623,330
434,893
15, 747 30, 237
24,326 47,718
33, 423 75,283
36,306 87, 341
26, 431 135,312
33, 302 139, 511
29,743 69,306
95,946
98,310
5.833
15,114
32,194
34,363
66,044
Urban is defined according to the 1940 Census, and includes all Incorporated
places of 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1940 and a small number of places,
usually minor civil divisions, classified as urban under special rule.
Sums of components do not always equal totals exactly because of rounding.
1 Covers additions, alterations, and repairs, as well as new residential and
nonresidential building.
3 Includes units in 1-family and 2-family structures with stores.
* Includes units in multifamily structures with stores.
3
Covers hotels, dormitories, tourist cabins, and other nonhousekeeping
residential buildings.
6 Revised.
' Preliminary.
718
MONTHLY LABOR
F: BUI LDI NG AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-4: New Nonresidential Building Authorized in All Urban Places,1 by General Type and by
Geographic Division 2
Valuation (in thousands)
Geographic division and
type of new nonresi
dential building
1951
1952
Sept.3
Aug.4
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
1951
1950
Total
Total
All types ___________ $228,937 $231, 825 $252, 209 $275, 250 $204, 635 $208, 317 $198,888 $146, 739 $145, 675 $148, 031 $186,187 $196, 589 $282, 659 $2, 807, 359 $3,127, 700
7,566 14, 651 11, 294 16,170
197, 358
193, 386
7, 522 10,847
New England_____ 16,337 17, 527 14,399 12,650, 8, 914 13, 812 19, 440
422, 549
516, 583
Middle Atlantic___ 39,971 37, 732 31, 872 44,9281 34, 294 29, 773 41,738 26, 096 25,311 28, 958 29, 988 36.132 33, 408
744,
183
63,
408
52,
322
45,
827
28,
130
33,
710
70,
698
40,
238
34,
879
675, 555
60.024
66,
073
54,116
56,541
55,
242
East North Central9,732
8,946 11, 181 17, 692 30, 799 204, 788 262, 737
West North Central- 24, 945 24, 510 22, 203 18, 057 18,356 20, 367 10, 941 10,136
South Atlantic____ .23,494 21, 587 24,905 30,632 19, 557 20, 589 22, 784 21,615 17, 060 15, 687 18, 222 20, 962 39, 716 301, 283 375, 803
112. 622
4, 999
8,176
2, 939
5, 603
6,199
5, 010 8, 455
144, 084
6, 556 6, 735
East South Central9, 227 10, 525 13, 980 19,429
West South Central- 22,120 14,453 33,384 24,000 18, 994 25, 224 17, 503 15, 736 18,142 12, 635 15, 673 15, 777 28, 872 287, 388 388, 201
9, 088 11, 282
101, 235
5, 477 6,411
5,639
5, 229
5,279
112, 265
7, 763
4,125
8, 445 15, 275
6,422
6,798
Mountain. ______
435, 953
459,155
Pacific___________ 28,803 44, 952 42, 998 53, 738 24, 484 42, 208 31, 378 20, 074 24, 073 32, 361 22,183 28, 324 43, 537
Industrial buildings !. . .
New England_____
Middle Atlantic . . .
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic _
East South Central.
West South CentralMountain_______
Pacific. . . . _____
Commercial buildings 6.
New England_____
Middle Atlantic. - East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic____
East South Central
West South CentralMountain________
Pacific . . _____
Community buildings 7New England__ ..
Middle Atlantic- - East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic-- - ..
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain________
Pacific.-- _______
Public buildings
---New England_____
Middle Atlantic__
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic__ East South CentralWest South Central
Mountain_____ —
Pacific -------------Public works and utility
buildings»___
New England_____
Middle Atlantic__
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic___
East South Central
West South CentralMountain______ .
____
Pacific .-All other buildings 78__
New England_____
Middle Atlantic__
East North Central.
West North CentralSouth Atlantic__ East South CentralWest South Central.
Mountain________
Pacific___________
39, 813
3,423
7, 007
13, 460
2,911
5, 444
869
1,177
1,086
4,437
74,872
2, 765
14, 660
11, 778
7, 518
8,102
2,106
11, 800
1,998
14,144
76, 740
8,306
13,811
19, 551
10,105
4, 794
5,146
6, 625
1,871
6, 532
6,043
350
837
607
603
2,499
27C
71
52C
286
7,919
359
1,413
1, 825
700
986
407
1,002
444
782
21, 549
1,135
2,241
8, 020
3,108
1, 669
429
1,440
879
2,622
33,613 33,067
1,690
1, 570
6,068
5,200
17,457
6, 683
1, 332
1,412
656
3, 108
354
2,400
4, 421
888
246
445
9,285
3,406
50,848 54, 040
2, 256
1,908
6,426
8, 489
12, 508 10, 904
4, 867
4,583
7,347
8, 457
1, 251
1, 948
6,961
7, 552
2, 384
2, 775
7, 183
7,090
81,338 79, 851
3,487
8, 277
15,035 11, 696
22, 751 17, 036
8, 252 11, 825
7,918
5, 708
1,992
2. 057
9,146 10, 054
2,101
1,082
10,656 12,116
10,107 12, 216
559
6
3,950
461
1, 393
2,150
12
31
1,623
246
34
0
44
714
1,650
716
84
8,649
22, 517 17, 391 23, 222 17, 828
1.010
617
2, 299
5,939
4, 427
2, 074
1, 599
3, 940
4, 731
9,236
7, 665
5, 859
643
1,300
1, 484
1, 131
499
1, 728
939
1, 570
2,212
340
662
248
536
1, 541
1,586
1,185
132
279
216
293
2, 907
3. 031
3, 021
4,080
54, 976 34, 434 33,184 43, 594
1. 227
1, 983
1. 174
2, 751
5, 398
6, 625
16, 120
5,203
8,133
3,853
6, 953
6, 797
3, 715
1. 724
1, 537
1, 458
6,369
5,957
5,045
6, 714
744
3, 528
1,146
2, 163
4, 823
4, 995
6, 560
4,707
1.092
1, 500
2, 807
1, 835
6,114
6, 300
5, 598 13, 539
96, 367 71, 769 64,084 54, 910
14. 330 3. 406
2, 481
4, 799
18. 950 17, 030 13,121 19, 585
18, 843 19, 032 12, 447
6, 503
5,382
4, 569
6, 137
5, 857
13, 081
5, 361
7, 608 8, 559
2, 224
2,639
4, 528
1, 270
8, 681
7, 321
5,310
6, 658
1,636
1, 331
2.005
1,140
14,053
5,645 10, 239
5,368
4, 725
4,045 11, 593
3,696
10
86
265
339
19
107
1, 122
48
450
7,934
256
1, 522
554
0
345
0
172
52 2, 093
2,351
0
0
1,000
0
120
131
60
305
927
18
90
0
2, 473
185
604
422
58, 295
4,362
10,100
36, 652
1,156
1, 530
118
975
749
2, 654
41, 348
1,314
8,904
6, 476
3, 776
4, 853
1. 738
4, 132
1, 479
8. 674
59, 611
6, 784
8,815
16, 095
4, 593
7,356
1, 963
4, 814
2, 038
7, 153
6, 063
780
38
937
8
195
0
3, 948
8
148
36, 206
1, 503
11, 546
12, 981
1, 169
1, 016
982
1, 046
308
5, 655
47,144
1, 693
6,631
9,375
2,934
9,346
1, 800
5,499
2, 143
7, 722
79, 016
6, 130
14, 504
18, 821
9, 734
8, 467
1, 475
6,248
4,625
9, 011
4,362
521
226
130
0
4C
56
654
1, 09C
1,645
7,780 23,454 14,284
122 1,647
78
1,749
5, 724
1, 954
1,824
6,225
2,981
195
1,186
395
1,378
950
557
988
649
346
807 10, 645 1,499
397
559
104
942 1,031
588
23, 544 18,321 22,013
914
817
858
1,763
2, 516
2,051
9,166
6, 286
7,155
2, 041
1, 620 2, 515
2, 588
1, 275 3,635
704
725
405
1, 751
1, 599
1, 532
869
755
1,070
3,071
3,407
2, 793
8,321
8, 568
102
275
803
1,383
3,904
3,188
2,102
169
291
1, 673
36
24C
C
728
7
3C
496
1, 462
20, 408 20, 576
1,168
1, 42Ç
2, 299 2,256
7,301
6,623
1,995
2,143
1, 723
1, 398
44(
426
1,956
1, 755
785
1, 011
2,752
3, 513
5, 779
8,163 12, 753
1,008
149
28
268
1,162
644
1,020
3, 903
816
479
134
238
247
689
3, 517
112
0
66
272
2,862
763
C
1,085
4
2, 373
2, 769
2, 087
14, 524 11, 286 8,387
332
201
223
1, 955
842
762
4,126
1,680
1,963
981
441
1,017
1,186
1,141
1, 243
379
476
271
1,334
1,821
1,318
2,131
802
310
2,100
2, 899
2, 2521
7,507
106
647
707
534
3, 555
8
845
440
664
13, 364
1, 305
1, 485
2,540
1,113
732
1,776
958
565
2,891
9,713
9,458
361
1, 002
1,024
1, 354
3, 96C 3,722
1,825
1, 002
1,212
128
161
25C
842
511
(
240
426
1,150
20,148 25, 508
1, 086
1, 037
2,201
2,176
7,05-;
8,166
2,852
2,492
881
1, 298
922
523
2,532
1, 48$
92!
1,151
3,14C 5,735
36, 877
3,226
3,649
8, 941
3, 515
2, 044
2, 382
1, 505
774
10, 840
56, 611
2,804
10,064
10, 903
3,808
7,427
3, 474
7,999
2,243
7, 888
106, 694
6,311
12. 692
26,889
11,732
10, 199
6, 659
11, 275
3, 680
17, 256
10, 251
1,022
1, 955
779
341
2, 583
113
361
434
2,663
i Building for which permits were issued and Federal contracts awarded
in all urban places, including an estimate of building undertaken in some
smaller urban places that do not issue permits. Sums of components do not
always eaual totals exactly because of rounding.
* For scope and source of urban estimates, see table F-3, footnote 1.
8 Preliminary.
* Kevised.
* Includes factories, navy yards, army ordnance plants, bakeries, ice plants,
industrial warehouses, and other buildings at the site of these and similar
production plants.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
506, 193 296, 803
36,163
2,624
31, 916
13, 999
6,634
97, 144
55, 679
12, 218
205, 815
110, 829
3, 887
25, 306
23, 369
22, 038
2,950
17,019
23, 914
1, 590
13,355
1, 048
18, 328
17, 800
382
6,103
5, 469
4, 830
75. 629
39, 284
91, 488
739, 908 1,122, 583
2,535
36, 506
53, 675
12, 655
111, 764 212,645
16, 487
155, 535
201, 314
43, 206
4, 977
94,104
99, 315
17, 484
139, 090
36, 535
3, 078
46, 076
93, 132 175,129
10, 946
26, 185
4, 398
47, 481
137, 730 152,169
18, 928
114, 163 1,147, 356 1,200,078
105, 739
8, 083
107, 541
167. 319 169, 036
10, 375
263, 047
29, 208
275, 029
105, 792 105, 603
16, 842
15, 191
139, 562 179, 635
43, 328
2, 301
62. 529
13, 816
130, 150 146, 688
5, 111
51,210
43, 296
141, 209 170, 721
13, 236
5, 879
108,196
134, 894
4,354
889
2, 584
213
16, 236
40,178
897
25, 332
9,513
2, 084
777
4,898
2, 666
17, 419
15,008
36
271
8,279
15, 899
18
8, 268
4,136
0
3. 240
382
22, 466
41, 928
41,193
1,298
8, 552
13, 707
1,267
2, 044
2, 270
2,306
288
9,461
65,846
2,394
10,714
13, 203
4, 738
8,159
2,405
11,469
4, 267
8,497
88,886
3,640
12,035
16, 779
8, 508
14, 493
5, 855
5,189
2, 703
19,686
43, 027
2,813
5,854
2, 717
632
1,745
8,148
2, 007
6,842
12, 269
22,893
1,679
3,967
7,136
3,154
551
2,089
1,133
611
2,571
59, 826
4, 254
9,050
13, 414
8,730
6, 887
2, 030
5,356
1, 567
8, 538
109, 900
9, 210
19, 973
22. 181
9, 713
10,173
3,963
5,106
2,883
26, 698
7,882
1,488
273
394
677
438
730
301
95
3,486
11, 674
205
187
1, 424
6
385
368
472
70
8, 553
8,433
506
914
1, 817
623
632
308
657
1, 700
1,276
115, 708
8,801
11, 161
35, 028
9, 672
9,629
1, 98$
11, 058
2, 094
26, 279
189, 998
10, 04^
18, 925
59, 426
18, 727
13, 32(
6, 587
18, 821
11, 507
32, 64C
106,164
6,478
16, 868
26, 585
9,314
7, 658
3,316
13,646
2, 702
19,597
207, 247
9,109
22,177
52, 285
25, 451
16, 493
9, 529
26.670
10,077
35,459
6 Includes amusement and recreation buildings, stores and other mercantile
buildings, commercial garages, gasoline and service stations, etc.
7 Includes churches, hospitals, and other institutional buildings, schools,
libraries, etc.
8 Includes Federal, State, county, and municipal buildings, such as post
offices, courthouses, city halls, fire and police stations, jails, prisons, arsenals,
armories, army barracks, etc.
s Includes railroad, bus and airport buildings, roundhouses, radio stations,
gas and electric plants, public comfort stations, etc.
10 Includes private garages, sheds, stables and barns, and other buildings
not elsewhere classified.
REVIEW, DECEMBER 1952
F: BUILDING AND
719
CONSTRUCTION
T able F-5: Number and Construction Cost of New Permanent Nonfarm Dwelling Units Started, by
Urban or Rural Location, and by Source of Funds 1
Number of new dwelling units started
All units
Period
Privately financed
Rural
non
farm
Total
non
farm
Urban
Rural
non
farm
185,000
937,000
48, 000
93,000
271, 800 619, 500
45, 600
138,700
266, 800 662, 500
369, 200 845,600
406, 700 913, 600
436, 300 988, 800
668, 200 1,352, 200
496,000 1,020,100
752,000
45,000
369, 500
93, 200
395, 700
476, 400
510,000
556, 600
785,600
531,300
185,000
43, 000
250,000
45, 500
266,800
369,200
403, 500
432, 200
566,600
488,800
0
0
86,600
3,100
8,000
3,400
18,100
36,300
43,800
71, 200
0
0
64,800
3,000
8,000
3,400
14, 900
32, 200
42, 200
64,000
0 $4, 475,000 $4,475,000
285,446
285, 446
0
21,800 2,825,895 2, 530, 765
495,054
483,231
100
0 3,769, 767 3, 713, 776
0 5, 642, 798 5,617, 425
3,200 7, 203,119 7,028, 980
4,100 7, 702, 971 7, 374, 269
1,600 11,788, 595 11,418, 371
7,200 9, 800, 538 9,186,123
111,100
30, 500
31, 900
48, 700
179, 800
54, 600
63, 600
61,600
168, 700
60, 200
58,300
50, 200
108, 600
43,100
34, 200
31, 300
276,100
77, 800
82,300
116,000
420, 400
131,300
145, 700
143, 400
393, 600
139, 700
137, 800
116,100
262,100
100. 800
82, 700
78,600
165,600
47, 300
50, 800
67, 500
241, 200
77, 000
82, 200
82,000
225, 200
79, 500
79, 600
66,100
153, 600
57, 700
48, 500
47,400
110, 500
30, 500
31,500
48, 500
179, 200
54,300
63, 500
61, 400
168,400
60, 200
58, 200
50, 000
108, 500
43,100
34,200
31,200
2, 800
900
600
1,300
6,400
2,100
3, 400
900
13, 300
4, 700
4,100
4,500
21,300
1,700
4,600
15,000
2, 200
900
200
1,100
5, 800
1,800
3, 300
700
13,000
4,700
4, 000
4,300
21, 200
1,700
4, 600
14,900
.600
0
400
200
600
300
100
200
300
(7)
100
200
100
(7)
(7)
100
2,162,425
589, 997
637, 753
934, 675
3, 564, 856
1,093, 726
1,232, 976
1,238,154
3, 564,953
1, 253, 340
1,266,198
1, 045, 415
2,496, 361
915, 895
762, 625
817,841
2,138, 565
581,497
632, 690
924, 378
3, 511,204
1, 075,644
1, 204, 978
1,230, 582
3,446, 722
1,210, 745
1,230.238
1, 005, 739
2, 321,880
902,190
724,876
694, 814
23, 860
8, 500
5,063
10,297
53, 652
18,082
27, 998
7, 572
118,231
42, 595
35, 960
39, 676
174,481
13, 705
37, 749
123,027
147, 800
49,600
47, 000
51,200
192, 000
51,900
55,400
84, 700
141, 200
45, 900
45, 900
49,400
114, 300
44, 400
38,500
31, 400
112, 500
36, 300
33,600
42, 600
137, 700
44, 300
45, 600
47, 800
134,800
44, 600
43, 200
47,000
111,000
45, 600
36,000
29, 400
248, 900
82, 200
76, 600
90, 200
280, 200
92, 300
97, 600
90,300
270, 400
86,800
88, 300
95. 300
220,600
88,900
72, 200
59,500
137, 200
46, 400
43, 200
47, 600
148,500
48, 300
52,300
47, 900
135, 700
42,300
45,100
48,300
109, 900
43,400
36, 200
30,300
111,700
35. 800
33,300
42, 600
131,700
44, 000
45, 300
42, 400
134, 700
44, 500
43, 200
47, 000
110, 700
45, 500
36,000
29, 200
11,400
3, 700
4,100
3, 600
49, 500
3, 900
3, 400
42. 200
5,600
3,700
800
1,100
4, 700
1,100
2,300
1,300
10, 600
3, 200
3, 800
3, 600
43,500
3, 600
3,100
36. 800
5, 500
3,600
800
1,10Q
4,400
1.000
2, 300
1,100
800
500
300
(7)
6, 000
300
300
5, 400
100
100
0
(7)
300
100
(7)
200
2,293,974
755, 600
716,629
821,745
2,964,456
866,298
922, 661
1,175,497
2, 527, 033
827,173
804, 317
895. 543
2,015, 075
806,955
672,078
536,042
2,191,489
721,014
681, 607
788, 868
2, 549, 238
828, 339
895, 309
825, 590
2, 472,196
791,783
795,624
884,789
1,973,200
796, 682
650,660
525,858
102,485
34, 586
35,022
32, 877
415,218
37,959
27, 352
349,907
54,837
35,390
8,693
10, 754
41, 875
10, 273
21,418
10,184
137,400
36,100
42,800
58, 500
175, 800
59, 000
60, 700
56,100
109,100
28,800
34, 900
45, 400
143, 500
47, 200
48, 900
47, 400
119,200
32,900
39, 700
46, 600
152, 700
50, 400
52, 400
49, 900
107, 700
28,600
34,600
44, 500
142,100
46, 600
48, 500
47,000
1,400
200
300
900
1,400
600
400
400
50, 200
(9)
(9)
50, 900
(9)
(9)
50, 200
(9)
(9)
19,600
3,400
3,400
12,800
24, 500
9, 200
8, 700
6,600
3,800
1, 500
1,400
900
18,200
3,200
3,100
11,900
23,100
8,600
8, 300
6,200
52, 400
(9)
(8)
226,900
61, 500
74,300
91,100
294, 800
97, 000
100, 900
96, 900
295, 800
101,100
97, 600
97,100
1, 500
(9)
(9)
(7)
(9)
(9)
2,167,387
566,625
682,895
917,867
2, 895, 715
948, 850
982, 232
964, 633
2, 763, 091
945, 587
908, 346
909,158
2,007,833
538, 612
654,631
814, 590
2, 681, 333
874, 524
902, 483
904, 328
2, 729, 505
931, 214
898,322
899, 969
159, 554
28,013
28,264
103.277
214,382
74, 326
79, 749
60, 307
33, 586
14,373
10, 024
9,189
Rural
non
farm
1925.................................................. 937,000
93,000
1933 8........ ........................................
1941 «________________________ 706,100
1944 8------ ------- -------- -------------- 141,800
1946................................................... 670, 500
1947.................................................. 849,000
1948................................ .................. 931, 600
1949.................................................. 1,025,100
1950 «________ ________________ 1,396,000
1951..................................... ............. 1, 091, 300
752,000
45,000
434,300
96,200
403, 700
479, 800
524. 900
588, 800
827,800
595,300
1950: First quarter____________
January_______________
February______________
March . . . . . _________
Second quarter_____ _____
April............. ...... ...............
May__________________
June_______ _________ _
Third quarter........................
July........... .........................
August________________
September....... ..................
Fourth quarter.................
October_______________
November______ _____ _
December____ _________
278,900
78. 700
82,900
117,300
426, 800
133,400
149,100
144,300
406, 900
144,400
141,900
120,600
283,400
102, 500
87, 300
93,600
167, 800
48, 200
51,000
68, 600
247, 000
78, 800
85, 500
82, 700
238, 200
84, 200
83, 600
70, 400
174, 800
69,400
53,100
62,300
1951: First quarter......... ................
January________ ______
February______________
March _______ _______ _
Second quarter_____ ______
April............. ............. ........
May....................... ...........
June____ ____ _________
Third quarter____________
July------ --------------------A ugust__________ _____
September........................
Fourth quarter___________
October__________ _____
November ____ ______
December_________ ____
260, 300
85, 900
80, 600
93, 800
329, 700
96, 200
101,000
132, 500
276,000
90, 500
89,100
96, 400
225,300
90,000
74, 500
60, 800
1952: First quarter......... ................
January............ ..................
February_________ _____
March.. ______________
Second quarter....... ...............
April_________________
May___________ ______
June----------------------------
246, 500
64,900
77, 700
103,900
319, 300
106, 200
109, 600
103, 500
299, 600
102, 600
99,000
98,000
July 8_____ ______ ____
August ---------------------September 70___________
Total
non
farm
i The estimates shown here do not include temporary units, conversions,
dormitory accommodations, trailers, or military barracks. They do include
prefabricated housing units.
These estimates are based on building-permit records, which, beginning
with 1945, have been adjusted for lapsed permits and for lag between permit
issuance and start of construction. They are based also on reports of
Federal construction contract awards and beginning in 1946 on field surveys
in non-permit-issuing places. The data in this table refer to nonfarm
dwelling units started, and not to urban dwelling units authorized, as
shown in table F-3.
All of these estimates contain some error. For example, if the estimate
of nonfarm starts is 50,000, the chances are about 19 out of 20 that an actual
enumeration would produce a figure between 48,000 and 52,000.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Estimated construction cost
(in thousands) *
Urban
Urban
Total
non
farm
Publicly financed
Total
Privately Publicly
financed financed
0
0
$295,130
11,823
55,991
25, 373
174,139
328,702
370, 224
614, 415
s Private construction costs are based on permit valuation, adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construc
tion costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for
individual projects.
a Depression, low year.
‘ Recovery peak year prior to wartime limitations.
! Last full year under wartime control.
4 Housing peak year.
7 Less than 50 units.
8 Revised.
• Not available.
10 Preliminary.
Il
s . G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F I C E ! 1 9 * î
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
@FedFRASER