Full text of Monthly Labor Review : April 1959, Vol. 82, No. 4
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Monthly
Labor
Review
APRIL
1959
VOL.
82
NO.
The Arbitrator—Management’s Friend?
Premium Pay for Weekend Work
Major Wage Developments in 1958
A Positive Approach to Industrial Relations
U N IT E D ST A T ES D E P A R T M E N T OF LA BO R
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
J am es P. Mitchell , Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E wan Clague, Commissioner
H enry J. F itzgerald, Assistant Commissioner
H erman B. B yer, Assistant Commissioner
W. D uane E vans, Assistant Commissioner
P hilip Arnow, Assistant Commissioner
Aenold E. C hase, Chief, D ivision of Construction Statistics
H. M. D outy, Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
J oseph P. G oldberg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
L eon Gbeenbeeg , Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard F. J ones, Chief, Office of Management
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Office of Field Service
P aul R. K erschbaum, Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
H yman L. L ewis , Chief, Office of Labor Economics
F rank 8. M cE lroy, Chief, Division of Industrial Hazards
H. E. R iley , Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
A be R othman, Chief, Office of Statistical Standards
M orris W eisz, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
S eymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
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Monthly Labor Review
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L aw rence
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Editor-in-Chief
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CONTENTS
Special Articles
373
373
376
379
389
AMA Midwinter Personnel Conference
Is the Arbitrator Management’s Friend in Discipline Cases?
A Positive Approach to Industrial Relations
Premium Pay for Weekend Work in Major Contracts
Wage Developments in Major Contracts in 1958
Summaries of Studies and Reports
396
398
403
405
408
411
416
The Farm Worker in America
Union Wage Scales in Building Trades, 1958
Preliminary Estimates of Work Injuries in 1958
Federal Loan Insurance and Housing Needs
Report of Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, 1958
Wage Chronology No. 21: Pacific Coast Shipbuilding—Supplement No. 3—
1954-58
Union Wage Scales in Local City Trucking, 1958
Departments
in
426
420
425
427
431
439
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Labor Month in Review
Union Conventions, May 16 to June 15, 1959
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics
April 1959
Voi. 82 • No. 4
In the
Monthly Labor Review
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nedy, Paul L. Kleinsorge, M . W. Reder, R. Thayne Robson, and B. V. H . Schneider.
Among the subjects covered are:
Unionism • Migratory Farm Labor • Wage Trends • Association Bar
gaining • Arbitration • Bargaining Practices in the Maritime, Trucking,
and Lumber Industries • Disability Insurance and Health Plans • Industrial
Shifts and Labor Force Changes.
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The Labor Month
in Review
n e m p l o y m e n t , m a t t e r s —legislative, statistical,
and demonstrative—attracted most attention to
labor news from mid-March to mid-April.
On April 8, the AFL-CIO held a Washington
conference on unemployment which several thou
sand delegates representing 15 areas of the country
attended. A day earlier, March unemployment
figures had revealed a greater than seasonal de
cline of nearly 400,000 to a level of 4,362,000, a
rate of 5.8 percent on a seasonally adjusted basis.
The number unemployed 15 weeks or more in
creased by 80,000 to 1,543,000. However, persons
normally on a full workweek but employed less
than 35 hours a week for economic reasons were
less than half the number a year earlier.
Major actions of the meeting, which heard ad
dresses by Secretary of Labor James P. Mitchell,
Congressional leaders, and trade union officials,
were resolutions endorsing the AFL-CIO legisla
tive program on the economy. They included
calls for Federal standards for unemployment in
surance, an increase in the minimum wage to $1.25
an hour and extension of coverage of the WageHour Law, a shorter workweek, an expanded
building program of housing and public works, and
aid to distressed areas.
At the end of March, President Eisenhower
signed into law a measure extending the temporary
unemployment insurance program from April 1 to
July 1. An estimated 400,000 unemployed, whose
payments would have expired, benefit from the
3-month extension if their States take the nec
essary action.
AFL-CIO President George Meany in midMarch disputed a conclusion, drawn by the Secre
tary of Labor from the annual report to Congress
of the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divi
sions on the effects of raising the minimum wage
in 1956 from 75 cents to $1 an hour, that further
increase at this time might be harmful to employ
ment in some industries. Mr. Meany contended
that the report did not suppoit such a conclusion.
U
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Mr. Mitchell had simultaneously recommended
extension of the coverage of the minimum wage
law to some 3,200,000 persons.
o r t h c o m in g
steel
n e g o t ia t io n s
on a new
contract, scheduled for May 18, drew comment by
President Eisenhower on March 25. He empha
sized that while collective bargaining should be
conducted without direct interference by the
Government, both the steel industry and the
United Steelworkers should exercise statesmanlike
restraint in arriving at a settlement which would
result in “no advancement in the price of the
commodity.” The country as a whole would be
affected and it would be “out of character” for
him to ignore the prospect of a price rise resulting
from the settlement.
Representatives of railroads early in April
responded to demands for a 12-percent wage in
crease presented by three operating unions.
They proposed a wage cut of 15 cents an hour
effective when present agreements expire on
October 31. The unions represent conductors,
engineers, and switchmen.
Negotiations between the U.S. Rubber Co. and
the United Rubber Workers, in progress since
March 3 on pensions, insurance, and other items,
were halted on April 9 by a strike of 22,500
employees in 13 cities.
F
In this department of the March issue of
the Review, the item on railroad bargaining
stated that rail management charged that
featherbedding cost the roads a half million
dollars a year. The amount should have
been a half billion.
Other labor-management relations news of
early spring was characterized by some unusual
situations. For the first time in 8 years, the
United Mine Workers of America sanctioned a
major strike in the coal fields. About 7,000
walked out in eastern Kentucky, and ensuing
violence between pickets and nonunion mind
employees and pickets and police called to mine
organizational efforts in the same area earlier in
the century. The union is seeking to extend the
$2-a-day increase it has secured elsewhere.
Toll collectors of the New Jersey Turnpike,
organized by the State, County, and Municipal
Employees, struck for 5 days beginning March 21.
The issues were mainly nonwage in nature, and
m
IV
the pro tem settlement included provision for
arbitration of matters unresolved after further
negotiations.
The same union in cooperation with the Uni
formed Firemen’s Association conducted demon
strations in New York City (without work
stoppages in a formal sense) protesting the
inadequacies of proposed wage increases for city
employees. Participating employees forfeited pay
for unauthorized time away from the job. Teach
ers voted April 10 on a 1-day stoppage dedicated
to the same purpose.
Teachers really did strike—for 2 days—in a
suburb of Gary, Ind., closing seven schools.
Hours of work, transfer policy, and sick leave,
as well as pay, brought on the action. Results
of the stoppage were inconclusive as a majority of
the school board resigned and teachers resumed
classes with no assurance that conditions would
be changed.
Loss o f a representation election need not prevent
a union from picketing the employer if the object
is not union recognition, a 3-member panel of the
National Labor Relations Board ruled on April 3.
The Board had reserved judgment on this point in
ruling against minority picketing for recognition
in the Curtis case in 1957. Involved were the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
and TV station WKRG of Mobile, Ala. The
union, defending an unfair labor practices charge,
said its action was to protect its standards at other
firms in the area.
On March 30, the NLRB, ruling on a complaint
against an employer by two discharged workers,
found that the Honolulu Star-Bulletin had
entered into an illegal hiring arrangement with
the International Typographical Union. It or
dered the paper to refund all dues and assessments
collected from composing room employees over a
period of more than 2 years, to stop enforcing
the contract in a discriminatory manner, to
discontinue its illegal clauses, and to stop requiring
foremen (who control hiring) to be union members.
The case will be appealed.
Refusal by a union to send workers to a job
because materials used were not produced by the
union is a secondary boycott under the TaftHartley Act, even if a contract with the employer
permits the refusal, the NLRB has ruled. The
case involved the Plumbers union and a Detroit
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Edison Co. construction contractor. The Plumb
ers will appeal and may be joined by other building
unions which have followed similar practices.
Concurrent receipt of supplemental unemploy
ment insurance benefits and State unemployment
compensation becomes legal in Ohio on June 19
as a result of new legislation. A bill in the Ver
mont legislature to place a ‘high t-to-work”
measure on the 1960 ballot was defeated March 31.
Stuart Rothman, Solicitor of the Department of
Labor, on March 26 was nominated General
Counsel for the National Labor Relations Board.
He succeeds Jerome D. Fenton, who resigned.
Another change in important labor posts came
on March 17. Daniel B. Maher of Washington
replaced L. N. D. Wells, Jr. on the 3-member
board of monitors appointed by a Federal court
judge for the Teamsters union. Meanwhile, a
Federal Court of Appeals stayed an order by the
appointing judge giving the monitors broad powers
over the union’s affairs.
T e a m s t e r v i c e p r e s i d e n t John T . O’Brien, once
regarded hopefully as a cleanup candidate to
oppose James R. Hoffa for the presidency of the
union, on March 19 was accused before the
McClellan Senate Rackets Committee of improp
erly taking thousands of dollars in union funds.
He pleaded self-incrimination when questioned on
the matter.
George Stuart, former vice president of the
Bakery and Confectionery Workers (Ind.), on
April 1 received a 1 to 2 years’ sentence for stealing
union funds.
On the West Coast, just prior to the convention
of the International Longshoremen’s union April
6, plans were disclosed for a joint committee of
that organization and the Teamsters to cooperate
on common waterfront problems. Although both
unions have been expelled from major labor feder
ations, for communism and unethical conduct,
respectively, they have not previously entered into
friendly or formal cooperation. The common
problems include changing methods of cargo
handling and resultant jurisdictional questions.
Bargaining with employers is not a matter of joint
concern, it was emphasized.
(On April 9, leaders of 14 unions concerned with
seafaring and waterfront work, including Team
ster President James R. Hoffa, met in New York
to plan action against “flag of convenience” ships.)
AMA Midwinter Personnel Conference
E
N o t e .— The two articles which follow were excerpted, from papers
presented at the SOth Annual Midwinter Personnel Conference of the Ameri
can Management Association, Chicago, February 16-18, 1959. Minor
word changes were made and, in the interest of easier reading, symbols to
indicate elided material were not used.
d i t o r ’s
Is the Arbitrator
M anagement’s Friend
in Discipline Cases?
L aw r en c e S t e s s in *
d i s c i p l i n e c a s e s , the arbitrator is not confined
to a tightly negotiated clause, like seniority, pro
motions, and layoffs where standards and criteria
are carefully cataloged with a lawyer’s relish for
the minutia. Here he has an implied mandate to
roam freely, to indulge in the luxury of personal
opinion and observation, and to take plenty of
“think time.” Yet by the very nature of this free
dom, it would seem that a study of arbitration
decisions in discipline cases would reveal little
more than a potpourri or a compilation of diffuse
isolated opinions. Indeed, this lack of an objec
tive approach to discipline standards has disturbed
many arbitrators. And in their awards, they have
frequently bemoaned the absence of specifics.
One arbitrator, groping for an objective approach
in the face of the failure of union and management
negotiators to work out specific patterns, has said:
In
About all that an impartial arbitrator can do is to decide
the justice or injustice of the discharge in light of commonsense, common knowledge of generally prevailing industry
standards for employee deportment, and common under
standing.
Another noted that an arbitrator in discipline
cases brings to a hearing—“The ethical teachings
of his parents, religious advisers, the stereotypes
of his friends.” Still another adds:
. . . to be sure, no standards exist to aid the arbitrator
in finding a conclusive answer to the question of what is
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“just cause” and therefore the best that he can do is to
decide what a reasonable man would do under similar
circumstances and in that light decide whether the conduct
of the disciplined employee was defensible and the disci
plinary penalty just.
If all this is to be taken at face value, then do
not the employer and the union look in vain to the
arbitrator for any applicable standards? I think
not.
Despite the personalized nature of the award in
discipline cases, the arbitrator has painted a
canvas of standards, guideposts, criteria, and very
specific patterns. Arbitrators, in moments of
vigorous breast beating, maintain that there could
never be a hierarchy of policy standards on disci
pline, but a study of their awards reveals that
quite the opposite is taking place.
Consider insubordination. Management con
tends that despite all the erosions of the power and
authority of management, the boss is still the boss.
With this arbitrators agree. In none of the cases
analyzed in this study has an arbitrator been
“soft” on an employee who, when told to do a task,
has preferred to balk or argue or question the
employer’s right to give an order.
Harry Shulman, the pioneer arbitrator, said:
“An industrial plant is not a debating society.
Its object is production. When a controversy
arises, production cannot wait.” Even where an
employee refuses to obey an order because he
feels that his safety or health might be endangered
—and arbitrators have supported the employees
in such situations—the decision is based not on
the worker’s right to refuse an order, but on the
grounds that management is not behaving as man
agement should behave. Concern for the health
•Professor of Management, Hofstra College.
373
374
and safety of an employee is a management re
sponsibility. And the manager who subjects his
work force to hazardous or unhealthful conditions
cannot expect immunity on the basis of the
standard of the “obey first, grieve later” concept.
The union view that an employee may have a
right to disobey an order because the boss was
violating some contractual right has received short
shrift from arbitrators.
The power and authority to direct its working
force go hand in hand with status. The worker
fired for giving his foreman “a gentle shove,” as
the union described it, stayed fired after the issue
went to arbitration as surely as if he had landed
a haymaker. Managerial dignity and status must
not be tampered with, say the arbitrators. And
abusive language against a supervisor has been
placed in the same category of severe penalties by
arbitrators. In 1941, Whitley McCoy laid down
the lasting principle that “no business can operate
efficiently if the supervisory force is abused.”
In the area of absenteeism, a similar manage
ment orientation by arbitrators is evident. In
the union’s eyes, a worker forced to be away
because of illness or family burdens does not
warrant a penalty. Yet arbitrators have con
sistently recognized the needs of the business as
overriding.
Management is reversed in absentee cases when
it fails to practice what it preaches. In schools
of business, we preach that when management
makes a decision it should not be based on whim,
fancy, or exasperation. Thus, when an employer
suddenly decides to invoke a rule against absentee
ism in face of long neglect or in a fit of anger and
starts a wave of indiscriminate disciplining, such
hasty actions are viewed by arbitrators as un
becoming of proper professional and managerial
behavior. Management cannot enjoy the prerog
atives of authority and control without making
use of the tools of due process. Employers who
have devised specific rules and have provided for
a gradation of penalties accompanied by warnings
have had no problems at arbitration of absenteeism
cases.
The right of management to deal severely with
an employee who is not carrying his weight in
production, is incompetent, or sloppy, is not
questioned by arbitrators. What arbitrators do
insist on is that management come to an in
competency arbitration with clean hands. When
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
a worker is disciplined for not meeting standards»
the company must be certain that its action is not
a defense against its own inadequacy as manager.
Arbitrators have laid down very specific standards
on this issue.
1. The employer must show that he had stand
ards of performance. And to sustain such a charge
against the worker, the company must have
adequate records—not vague opinions. And these
records must be producible.
2. Before discharging for incompetency, the
employee must have been told of his shortcomings
and given an opportunity to improve.
3. Management has a right to tighten produc
tion standards, but the employee must be given a
reasonable opportunity to meet these standards.
4. Discipline for incompetence must have some
pattern of past practice. Sudden crackdowns
without warnings are frowned upon by arbitrators
as inconsistent with good management practices.
5. If a person is careless or negligent, you
cannot demote him and win at arbitration. You
can discipline him in varying degrees of severity—
but demotion is considered a too long-range
penalty.
But arbitrators really show their managerial
leanings when they render decisions involving
strikes and walkouts. Here arbitrators have sanc
tioned every tool and weapon to punish those who
walk out in violation of an agreement or those who
slow down in substitute for the grievance machin
ery. Unions usually argue that employees have
walked out because management goaded them
into it. To this argument, arbitrators to a man
have turned a deaf ear. The protective device for
the employee is the grievance machinery. And
whatever punishment management chooses to im
pose upon those who walk out or upon their
leaders has received extremely widespread support
in arbitration. The union leader—the shop stew
ard or other official—has been particularly hard
hit in the evolving standards in discipline arbitra
tion. Arbitrators insist that these men have
more—much more—than a passive responsibility
in crisis situations. They must take active
measures to keep their men from walking out.
They must talk, threaten, cajole, and practically
push the aggressive wildcatters back to their
workbenches if they want any sympathy from the
arbitrator called in to decide whether the punish
ment has been too severe.
ARBITRATION IN D ISC IPL IN E CASES
In awards dealing with fights and altercations,
the arbitrator has carved out a set of criteria of
considerable importance and magnitude. What
they have done is to extend the arm of manage
ment’s control to areas outside the workplace.
The old and sacred ethic that a man can do as he
pleases outside the plant without fear of employer
censure is no longer true.
Arbitrators have been equally aware of the fact
that business today lives in a glass house. The
worker is no 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. automaton. He is a
member of the community. And a loose and lavish
tongue used indiscriminately at a bar or other
gathering place in a community can be punished
by management if there is some evidence that
such exercise of free speech might have harmed
the company’s reputation. These are important
extensions of management prerogatives which
show up with a high degree of consistency in
arbitration awards.
If there is one area where arbitrators have con
tributed to the erosion of managerial authority it
is in the area of quits and resignations. The
power of management to refuse employment to a
worker who may have made a hasty decision to
quit his job has been considerably watered down
in arbitration awards. But arbitrators do not
look upon this inconvenience to the company as
paramount to the employee’s right to reconsider
an action he may have taken in the height of
emotional stress.
The problem of discipline for stealing presents
the arbitrator with stresses and strains in decision
making. Arbitrators are very sensitive to the job
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375
problems of the aggrieved. An attempt to dis
cover criteria in this area is beset by special diffi
culties in that management itself may often try
to discharge employees for varying rules violations
without openly accusing them of theft. Arbi
trators succumb to the same rationales. Thus an
employee with a record of missing funds may be
fired for carelessness rather than for some harsher
accusation. Also, there are too few arbitration
awards on the subject because few of these situ
ations get to the appeals stage.
Gambling runs into the same stumbling blocks.
Sure, where the employee has been caught gam
bling and where he is part of a professional ring,
there is little to ponder over. But payday poker
and dice playing do not strike arbitrators as
serious breaches, and a minor disciplinary layoff
for the first offense is about all that management
is permitted.
And so we come back to our original question.
Is the arbitrator management’s friend? He is,
provided management behaves in the image of
good management.
Management’s basic functions are to plan,
organize, direct, and control, and with these con
cepts arbitrators fully agree and have not con
tributed to any erosion of them in their awards in
discipline cases.
Arbitrators have carved out a whole body of
criteria, standards, and guideposts for employers
in the field of discipline. So much so that it is
now possible for the management man with a
bent for research to closely predict the outcome
of his disciplinary actions when arbitrated.
376
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
A Positive Approach
to Industrial
Relations
J o h n P o st *
I n the course of this discussion, I hope to offer
some suggestions as to management’s philosophy
in connection with three basic wants of American
citizens which find expression in managementemployee relations: Economic security, personal
freedom, and a rising standard of living.
Unemployment Insurance
By way of background, let me remind you that
unemployment insurance was a response to the
severe unemployment of the early thirties, al
though discussions of it go back to World War I
days. Estimates of the unemployed in the thirties
run as high as 25 percent of the labor force.
While unemployment in recent years has been
nowhere as high, the specter of 1932 still hangs
over many workers. The Employment Act of
1946 testifies that a high level of employment is
one of the standards used to determine whether our
economy is working properly. No government
could exist today with a large portion of its popu
lation out of work. No administration in this
country can survive an election in a period of high
unemployment; probably the unemployment of
last winter played a large part in the 1958 election.
But what do workers conceive to be the attitude
of business toward unemployment and the relief
of hardship from unemployment? Do they be
lieve that business spokesmen are sincerely con
cerned? They remember that business spokesmen
opposed enactment of a Federal unemployment
insurance law, and they hear some business spokes
men still oppose it in principle or damn it with
faint praise by calling it an experiment.
Since the inception of the present Federal-State
system, organized labor has striven to have the
system completely federalized. Labor’s complaint
has been that benefits have lagged behind wage
levels and that only by federalizing the system
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could the States be compelled to adopt adequate
benefits. Of course the fact that it is easier to
concentrate on one legislature—Congress—than
on the legislatures of 49 States and the Territories
is only coincidental. Labor has also objected to
experience rating which rewards the employer
who provides steady employment.
In the face of this persistent agitation by labor
spokesmen, what has been the position of em
ployers at the State level? I have to admit that
at the State level business spokesmen have, until
recently, thrown their weight against even study
ing whether benefits are adequate.
In recent years, most States have done a better
job of bringing their benefits in line with current
conditions. But this has been accomplished so
slowly and over such dogged opposition by busi
ness that all the goodwill we might have gained
was dissipated. In other words, we eventually go
along with improving benefits, but we do it in
such a manner that workers are reminded of the
thirties.
Certainly we should raise the question of when
does economic security begin to debilitate indi
vidual initiative and incentive to work. But before
we can get a real hearing on that issue, we have to
convince employees that we are concerned about
what happens to them when they become unem
ployed. This means that we should come out
boldly for adequate benefits for those who are
genuinely attached to the labor force and who
become unemployed for reasons beyond their
control.
Personal Freedom
Personal freedom is another basic tenet of the
American creed. No organization can hope to
get and deserve public support unless it talks and
acts on behalf of personal freedom. If there is
any principle where one would think that business
philosophy coincides with the American creed,
this is it. And yet our employees and the general
public apparently do not believe it. We are
charged with being concerned only with freedom
for ourselves but not for others, and with equating
freedom with economic license and ignoring other
civil rights.
•Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Continental Oil Co., Hous
ton, Tex.
377
A POSITIVE APPROACH TO INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Take, for example, the recent campaigns over
“right-to-work” laws. As I see it, the union shop
is unnecessary as well as unwise. Certainly the
growth of unions has not been slowed down by the
absence of the union shop. Witness the growth
of unions in Texas, where a right-to-work law
has not prevented the development of strong,
militant, large unions. And during the years
when the union shop was forbidden in the railroad
industry, railroad unions were strong and militant.
Apparently, the majority of voters in some
States and almost all union members disagree with
me. I suspect that all our professions on behalf
of personal liberty through right-to-work laws are
tainted with memories of bitter business opposi
tion to labor union growth and with suspicion that
our current agitation for these laws is merely
another phase of that opposition. To put it
bluntly, in the minds of the union members our
ardent pleas for the rights of the employee against
his union are brushed aside as crocodile tears.
We can continue to work for these laws; but I
must confess some misgivings when so manage
ment-minded a man as Walter Gordon Merritt,
who won his spurs in the famous Danbury
Hatters’ case, says:
Taft-Hartley . . . was a great stride forward in the
protection of individual rights and individual independence
in an era of collectivism . . . The union shop of today
takes no right or liberty from union men except their right
to enjoy the benefits of collective bargaining without con
tributing to its cost.
On the other hand, the recent agitation for rightto-work laws, coupled with the spotlight of the
McClellan committee on autocracy in labor unions,
has helped to focus attention on the whole problem
of democracy in labor unions. The shocking rev
elations of coercion by union leaders, rigging of
union elections, and the use of trusteeships to
deny union members a voice in their unions have
given rise to widespread demands among union
members themselves for legislation to assure
democratic practices in labor unions.
Let it be said to the credit of the responsible
leaders of organized labor that they are whole
heartedly in favor of such legislation. For my
part, if we could be reasonably sure that a union
operates without coercion, is trying to follow
democratic practices, and scrupulously accounts
for its members’ funds, then we should be willing
5 0 0 1 0 8 — 59 -
a
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
to reexamine our opposition to the union shop.
Under those conditions we should direct our
attention to helping employees build responsible
and honest labor unions.
Perhaps the labor reform legislation now pend
ing in Congress is of concern only to the unions,
since it relates almost entirely to their internal
affairs. But experience has taught us that the
internal affairs of unions affect the way the union
acts at the bargaining table. While we must
scrupulously avoid any action which might be
considered, rightly or wrongly, interference in
union internal affairs, we cannot ignore the fact
that many unions will be confused for some time
to come by whatever legislation is enacted.
More important, the effort to impose democracy
by legislation is not necessarily assured of success.
The forms of democracy do not guarantee democ
racy in practice. To realize that we need only to
look at countries which, with high-sounding con
stitutions and all the trappings of democracy,
nevertheless live under dictators. Hence, in some
unions, stable administration on a democratic
basis will be some time in coming. The demo
cratic process is not always smooth. Changes of
administration may upset the even tenor of a
long-established relationship. This is where busi
ness may gain some credits, by helping unions
weather some of the trials which the new legis
lation will undoubtedly bring.
Basically, we should retain our concern for what
happens to the individual but encourage him to
be an active member of his community—in a
unionized shop, that means participation in his
union’s activities. This may turn out to be the
best education in democracy he could possibly get.
Wage Policy
My third example is drawn from another typical
American aspiration, namely, a constantly im
proving standard of living. What can American
business do to persuade its employees that it is
genuinely interested in helping them improve their
standards of living? From an employee’s view
point this finds expression in higher pay.
Up to now, I have tried to suggest what man
agement should be for. But when I come to this
issue, I find that I am not at all sure that a
management policy is readily available. Wage
378
policy and wage determination are probably too
complex to lend themselves to any firm and
definite rule. Certainly management can no
longer be accused of following the 19th century
theory that wages should be kept down to the
level of subsistence. We are still in the midst
of a great debate as to whether excessive wage
increases have caused inflation. I do not intend
to get into that debate here except to aver that
wage increases certainly have had something to
do with inflation. We are also seeing danger
signals that our wage costs are pricing us out of
world markets and even out of domestic markets.
But let’s not try to deal with those problems
here, urgent as they are.
Millions of workers in this country are now
guaranteed wage increases geared to increases in
the cost of living. I understand that for every
change of one point in the Consumer Price Index,
$200 million are added to or subtracted from
the Nation’s wage bill. And this does not take
into account the indirect effect of such increases
or decreases. Cost-of-living wage increases gener
ate further wage increases and remove the in
centive among wage earners to favor a stable
price level. To my mind they are definitely
inflationary.
Another experiment in the wage determination
area is the use of a so-called annual improvement
factor. General Motors introduced this in 1948.
While the GM people won’t say it in so many
words, this annual increase is closely related to
the productivity concept. But productivity meas
urements are so inexact that they do not justify
any tight little formula. The use of output per
man-hour as the only measure of productivity is
questionable, since so many other factors are
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
involved in the picture. And there is a real
question as to whether short-term movements in
wages should be geared by contract to a measure
which, if useful at all, has validity only in terms
of the long run.
Then we run into the question of whether “abil
ity to pay” should be used in wage negotiations.
All of us know that when profits are up, the union
points to ability to pay while the management
says that factor has no place in determining what
a job is worth. But when profits go down, then
management talks about whether it can afford a
wage increase, while the union talks about wage
increases in other companies or industries, living
standards, and the host of other arguments all
of us are familiar with. I suppose that, in the
last analysis, wage increases will be determined
by ability to pay. All we have to do to confirm
this is to compare wage movements in various
industries.
The petroleum industry just went almost 2
years without a general wage increase. During
this period, most companies went directly to
their employees with the facts of life about the
petroleum industry. In these discussions, we
emphasized the steady work and the relatively
high weekly earnings of petroleum workers.
This we believe helped relieve the pressure. We
showed them we are in favor of steady income
but not excessive wage-rate increases, and we
think it had some effect.
This is only one approach. There probably
are better ones, more appropriate for other
industries. In any event, the job before us is
to develop an affirmative wage policy which
will convince employees of our willingness to
share with them the fruits of our joint endeavor.
Premium Pay for
Yfeekend Work
in Major Contracts
R o se T h e o d o r e *
T h e p a y m e n t of premium rates for work per
formed on Saturday and Sunday, or on the sixth
and seventh days of the workweek, has become
a common feature of collective bargaining agree
ments. Over 90 percent of 1,736 major collective
bargaining agreements studied in 1958 by the
U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
Statistics provided time and one-half, or double
time, or a variable premium, for work on one or
both days outside of the normal workweek.
Seventy-five percent of the agreements specified
Sunday as a premium day, and 57 percent specified
Saturday. Premium rates were specified for work
on the sixth day in 35 percent of the contracts,
and for work on the seventh day in a like propor
tion. A substantial number of contracts identified
both Saturday and the sixth day, and Sunday and
the seventh day, as premium days. Nearly 15
percent of the agreements provided premium pay
to workers for whom Sunday was a regularly
scheduled workday, and a few extended this
practice to regularly scheduled Saturdays.
The payment of premium rates for weekend
work serves as a reward to employees for work
on days normally considered rest days and as
a deterrent to employers in scheduling work on
these days. Weekend premium pay provisions
of agreements tend to liberalize legal overtime
requirements in several ways. The Fair Labor
Standards Act requires the payment to covered
workers of time and one-half for hours in excess
of 40 a week, without reference to the day on
which over tine hours are worked, but premium
rates for Saturday and Sunday work are commonly
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required under agreements regardless of the
number of hours previously worked during the
week. When minimum work requirements are
specified, as is frequently the case where the sixth
and seventh days are named as premium days,
holidays and certain excused absences are often
counted as time worked for premium pay eligi
bility. Rates in excess of time and one-half
prevail for Sunday and seventh day work, and are
sometimes specified for Saturday work. Pyra
miding of premium rates for weekend work on
top of weekly overtime premiums is generally
prohibited.
Major changes in weekend premium pay prac
tices since 1952, the date of the Bureau’s previous
study,1 include provision for premium pay for
work on Saturday as such (occurring outside of
the regular workweek) in all of the major auto
mobile agreements, and for Saturday and Sunday
as such in the major coal mining agreements.
Premium pay for regularly scheduled Sunday
work (part of the regular workweek) was incorpo
rated into basic steel agreements negotiated in
1956; the rates specified progressed from time and
one-tenth during the first year to time and onefourth for the third year (1958). Since then, a
number of agreements negotiated in related indus
tries have included provisions for premium pay
for regularly scheduled Sunday work.
In general, the 1958 study reveals a small in
crease since 1952 in the proportion of major con
tracts with weekend premium pay provisions, and
a somewhat greater increase in worker coverage
under agreements specifying Saturday premium
pay. This has been accompanied by a slight de
crease in the proportion of agreements which
made Saturday premium pay dependent upon the
employee working a specified amount of time dur
ing the week, and a more marked decrease in
agreements containing minimum work require
ments for sixth and seventh day premium pay.
Scope of Study
This study was based on 1,736 collective bar
gaining agreements, each covering 1,000 or more
workers, or virtually all agreements of this size in
the United States, exclusive of those relating to
*Of the Bureau’s D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations.
1
See Premium Pay for Weekend Work, 1952 (in M onthly Labor Review,
September 1953, pp. 933-939).
379
380
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
railroads and airlines.2 The total of 7.8 million
workers covered represented almost half of all the
workers estimated to be under agreements in the
United States, exclusive of railroad and airline
agreements. Of these, 5 million workers, covered
by 1,122 agreements, were in manufacturing, and
614 agreements applied to 2.8 million workers in
nonmanufacturing establishments.
All but 713 of the 1,736 agreements were in
effect during 1958. Approximately 50 percent of
the agreements were scheduled to expire in 1958.
Termination in 1959 was stipulated in about 35
percent. Of the remaining 209 long-term agree
ments, 12 did not list a specific termination date.
Contracts which provided overtime pay for work
in excess of the regular daily or weekly hours,
without specifying Saturday, Sunday, sixth, or
seventh days, or the employee’s regular day(s)
off, were not counted as providing weekend pre
mium pay for purposes of this study. Although
overtime pay would normally cover weekend work
if the employee had worked the full basic work
week or fulfilled other specified minimum work
Table 1. Premium pay for weekend work not part of
regular workweek, in major collective bargaining
agreem ents, 1958
Agreements
Premium days
Number
Total studied_____________ ________ ________
Percent
Workers
Number
(thou
sands)
1,736 100.0 7,752. 5
Percent
100.0
Number w ith premium pay for weekend work. 1, 589
Provisions for premium pay for work on—
Saturday and Sunday_____ _________
642
Saturday, Sunday, 6th and 7th d a y s..
253
6th and 7th days___________________
215
Sunday only................. .................. ...........
216
Saturday, Sunday, and 7th day_____
45
Saturday only____ _________________
28
Sunday, 6th and 7th days___________
59
Sunday and 6th day________________
47
6th day o n ly ..____________ _________
15
7th day only_______________________
29
Sunday and 7th day________________
18
Saturday, Sunday, and 6th day_____
13
Other combinations i...............................
9
N o provision for premium pay »______ ______
147
91.5 7,025. 8
90.6
37.0 2, 267. 6
14.6 1,666.3
12.4 1, 072.5
12.4
881.4
2.6
347.9
1.6
240.0
3.4
205.7
2.7
125.0
.9
68.9
1.7
58.8
1.0
44.1
.7
30.2
.5
17.7
8.5
726.7
29.3
21.5
13.8
11.4
4.5
3.1
2.7
1.6
.9
.8
.6
.4
.2
9.4
Premium days specified:5
Saturday____________ _____ ____ _______
987
Sunday_______________________________ 1, 300
6th day........ ............................... ..................... .
608
7th day........................ ................ .........' _____
622
56.9
74.9
35.0
35.8
58.9
72.0
41.1
43.9
4, 564. 8
5, 584.1
3,186.6
3, 405. 7
1
Includes agreements providing premium pay for work on Saturday, 6th
and/or 7th day; and Saturday afternoon and/or Sunday for some workers
and Sunday only for others. Also includes several beet sugar manufacturing
and other food processing agreements which grant premium pay only during
certain seasons for work on Saturday and/or Sunday.
Includes agreements which specifically prohibited Saturday and/or
Sunday work.
'
>
» Nonadditive. These days may be specified singly, or in combination
In one agreement.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
requirements, such provisions do not grant special
recognition to weekend days as such.4 However,
clauses providing premium pay for all work “out
side the regular workweek” were interpreted as
granting extra compensation for weekend work as
such and were included in the study.
Nine out of ten major agreements granted extra
compensation for work on one or more weekend
days. Provisions specifying Saturday and Sun
day (not part of the regular workweek) as pre
mium days, without reference to the sixth or
seventh day, were most prevalent, occurring in
over one-third of the contracts analyzed (table 1).
Other significant provisions specified premium
pay on (a) Saturday and Sunday for employees
on regular schedules and on the sixth and seventh
days for those on off schedules; (b) sixth and
seventh days without identifying Saturday and
Sunday; and (c) Sunday only.
Saturday and Sunday Not Regularly Scheduled
Extra compensation for work on Saturday, as
such, was provided for in 987 (over one-half) of
the agreements analyzed, and on Sunday in 1,300
agreements (three-fourths). A fourth of these
clauses, however, exempted employees in contin
uous-process operations or in certain occupational
groups, such as watchmen, guards, maintenance
men, and engineers, for whom Saturday or Sun
day work was regularly scheduled. Instead, pre
mium pay for the sixth and seventh workdays
(or for their regularly scheduled days off) was
provided, as in the following example:
Employees, excepting employees in the powerhouse,
shall be paid at the rate of one and one-half (1y2) times
their respective regular straight-time rates for all time
worked by them during the calendar day on a Saturday
and at the rate of twice their respective regular straighttime rates for all time worked by them during the calendar
day on a Sunday. . . .
Powerhouse employees only shall be paid at the rate of
one and one-half (1%) times their regular straight-time
rate for all time worked by them on their first regularly
scheduled day off in the workweek and at a rate of twice
their regular straight-time rate for all time worked by
them on their second regularly scheduled day off in the
workweek.
1
The Bureau does not maintain a file of railroad and airline agreements,
hence their omission from this study.
* These agreements expired late in 1957 and subsequent agreements were
not available at the time of the study.
4 See Hours of Work and Overtime Provisions in Union Contracts (in
M onthly Labor Review, February 1958, pp. 133-141).
PREMIUM PAY FOR WEEKEND WORK
Table 2.
381
Premium pay for weekend work not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreem ents,
by industry, 1958
Premium pay for work on J—
Number
stlidled
Saturday
Industry
Sunday
Sixth day
Seventh day
N o provision for
premium pay
Agree- W orkers Agree- W orkers Agree- W orkers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- W orkers
ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thousands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
All industries........ .................. ................ .............................. 1,736
7, 752. 5
987
4, 564. 8
1,300
5, 584.1
608
3,186. 6
622
3,405. 7
5147
726.7
M anufaeturing............................................................ 1,122
4,916. 4
723
3,154. 7
859
3,404. 0
426
2,374.4
466
2, 597. 9
74
386.4
10
109
12
45
47
14
17
55
36
58
24
25
22
34
123
64
143
106
144
23
11
24.0
363.9
33.2
116.7
473.7
39.2
29.0
124.9
71.7
112.7
70.7
131.9
76.9
92.1
723.1
175.6
402.9
460.5
1,314. 3
55. 4
24.5
5
63
9
24
25
7
17
17
27
22
5
10
14
8
40
55
130
90
124
21
10
10.7
276.0
25.5
68.1
252.0
20.6
29.0
33.8
55.4
40.4
6.0
16.6
47.7
32.1
84.9
136.4
334.3
402.9
1, 209. 2
50.2
23.3
7
81
11
26
9
12
16
53
33
30
8
23
11
28
62
57
136
96
129
22
9
18.6
314.9
31.0
70.4
42.9
36.1
27.3
122.2
67.2
57.8
16.5
129. 7
37.7
80.9
146.1
139.1
345.4
431.3
1,216.1
53.6
19.8
7
44
2
23
12.8
163.5
2.8
61.6
7
6
7
9
32
18
12
6
7
72
20
55
45
48
6
16.3
11.3
10.7
13.4
69.5
45.5
19.0
10.7
17.9
610.3
64.8
221.9
238.4
772.0
12.4
8
49
2
24
2
5
6
8
6
44
18
7
6
13
72
21
63
45
56
11
16.2
230.5
2.8
63.5
17.0
12.3
11.3
12.6
8.9
91.2
46.4
11.2
12.0
38.4
611.1
66.3
251.9
248.9
827.4
18.6
12
1
8
22
i
23.2
2.2
20. 5
221 7
2.1
2
2
2
3.1
2. 7
12.8
5
1
9
23.2
1.0
22.2
2
3
4
12. 5
7. 5
31.9
N onm anufaeturing............ .......................................
614
2,836.1
264
1,410.1
441
2,180.1
182
812.2
156
807.8
73
340.3
Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production.
Transportation *...... .............................................. ...............
C ommunications....................................................................
Utilities: Electric and g a s ..._______________________
Wholesale trade..................................... ......................... .
Retail trade.............................................................. ..............
Hotels and restaurants..______ _____ ______________
Services...................... ........................... .................. ................
C onstr uction________ _______ ________ _____________
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing....................... ............
16
109
76
80
14
85
29
54
148
3
261.1
553.6
592.7
203.7
28.2
219.2
146.0
181.0
645.5
5.2
4
55
6
37
8
8
3
15
128
233.5
347.2
74.0
89.2
14.6
14.9
5.5
43.9
587.5
6
66
72
54
11
60
3
29
139
1
239.6
379.2
546.4
128.7
22.5
148.2
5.5
92.4
615.3
2. 5
8
38
16
51
3
39
14
12
1
246.0
86.0
99.3
116.5
5.7
121.8
93.2
32.0
12.0
8
38
12
56
2
18
12
9
1
246.0
192.1
75.3
131.6
4.1
60.2
61.0
25.7
12.0
4
16
4
5
5.6
109.8
46.3
33.2
10
9
14
9
2
17.3
36.7
58.6
30.3
2.7
Ordnance...... ...........................................................................
Food and kindred products................... .............. ..............
Tobacco manufactures_________________________ ___
Textile mill products________________ ____ ____ ____
Apparel and other finished textile products....................
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_______
Furniture and fixtures____ ____ _______ ____ ________
Paper and allied products________ ____ _______ _____
Printing, publishing, and allied industries.....................
Chemicals and allied products______ ______ _________
Products of petroleum and coal.........................................
Rubber products........................ ............................................
Leather and leather products..................................... .......
Stone, clay, and glass products______ ______________
Primary metal industries.............. ....................................
Fabricated metal products.._______________________
Machinery (except electrical)....................... ............... .
Electrical machinery................................... .........................
Transportation equipment.................................................
Instruments and related products_________ ____ ____
Miscellaneous manufacturing______________________
1 See footnote 3, table l.
1 See footnote 2, table 1.
Saturday Premium Pay. Saturday premium pay
provisions were more prevalent in manufacturing
(64 percent) than in nonmanufacturing industries
(43 percent) where 6- or 7-day operations are
more frequently required (table 2). Eighty-five
percent or more of the agreements in six manu
facturing industries granted extra compensation
for Saturday work: furniture and fixtures, fabri
cated metal products, machinery (except elec
trical), electrical machinery, transportation equip
ment, and instruments and related products. In
nonmanufacturing, Saturday premium pay pro
visions were common in construction contracts
and for mining workers. In construction, 85 per
cent of the contracts contained such provisions;
in mining, while only a fourth of the major con
tracts were involved, 90 percent of the workers,
principally under the anthracite and bituminous
coal agreements, were represented.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
* Excludes railroad and airline industries.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Under all but 11 percent (113 agreements) of
the Saturday premium pay provisions, premium
rates were paid regardless of the amount of time
worked during the week (table 3). Nine out of
every ten restrictive clauses required the employee
to work a full weekly schedule to qualify for
premium pay (table 4). However, over twothirds of the agreements modified these restrictions
by stipulating that time lost during the week for
specific reasons would be counted as time worked
in determining eligibility for Saturday premium
pay.
Excused absences included time lost because of
lack of work, illness, injury on the job, official
union business, voting, and, in most instances,
holidays. For example, one agreement stipulated:
Time and one-half will be paid for all work performed on
Saturday if the employee has worked his scheduled shifts
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
382
Table 3.
M inimum work requirem ents for premium pay for weekend work not part of regular workweek, in major
collective bargaining agreem ents, by industry, 1958
Minimum work requirements for premium pay for work onIndustry
Agreements
All industries.
Manufacturing.
Ordnance and accessories........................................
Food and kindred products_________________
Tobacco manufactures_________ ____ ________
Textile mill products_______________________
Apparel and other finished textile products----Lumber and wood products (except furniture).
Furniture and fixtures__________ _____ ______
Paper and allied products..... .................. ............Printing, publishing, and allied industries____
Chemicals and allied products..............................
Products of petroleum and coal--------------------Rubber products.......................................................
Leather and leather products________________
Stone, clay, and glass products______________
Primary metal industries___________________
Fabricated metal products.....................................
Machinery (except electrical)................................
Electrical m achinery..............................................
Transportation equip m ent...................................
Instruments and related p ro d u cts.................
Miscellaneous manufacturing................................
Nonmanufacturing.
Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production.
Transportation 1.....................- ..............................................
Communications____ _____________________________
Utilities: Electric and g a s ..................................................
Wholesale trade......................................................................
Retail trade.............................................................................
Hotels and restaurants____________________________
Services_________________________________________
Construction......................... ................................................
M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing...... ......................... —
Sunday
Saturday
Seventh day
Sixth day
Workers Agreements Workers Agreements Workers Agreements Workers
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
(thousands)
113
517.7
87
269.4
235
1,372.6
278
1,997.7
96
479.6
69
229.4
190
992.8
240
1, 545.7
2.4
40.9
3
19
5.8
108.3
18
102.4
10
78.6
2
13
8
5
2
1
3
26.9
22.5
4.5
3.0
6.5
4
19.3
14
35.3
2
4.5
15
2
2
2
3
39.6
17.0
3.7
4.3
4.8
3.1
2.3
4.7
5.8
1.2
15.4
9.7
16.8
19.8
226.3
7.1
2.0
3.Ö
1.0
5.9
2.3
3.7
7.2
6.2
21.1
2.5
17.4
33.1
19.6
4.3
10.2
4.3
3.2
2
2
3
4
1
6
4
12
6
14
4
1
1
1
4
2
2
3
3
9
2
10
6
8
2
3
2
2
14
9
9
4
5
61
9
19
8
15
1
30.2
17.0
12.6
7.2
14.3
588.8
23.2
48.2
32.0
121.3
1.9
29
12
4
4
12
63
9
27
8
19
7
57.6
33.6
7.3
8.5
34.7
593.3
23.5
72.7
35.6
485.4
10.1
17
38.1
18
40.0
45
379.9
38
452.0
1
2
1.6
2.0
1
1.6
4.0
21.9
6
7
6
7
2
10
3
4
242.1
18.1
41.4
16.3
4.1
24.3
25.9
7.8
6
7
3
9
2
6
4
1
242.1
124.2
18.8
25.8
4.1
15.4
20.5
1.2
8
17.1
1
9
2
4.0
4
8.9
1
3
1.2
12.2
2
1
2.6
1.0
1 Excludes railroad and airline industries.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
during the workweek except for the following excusable
absences:
Union activities when authorized by the local union
and/or its officers.
Sickness— When employee’s sickness is certified by the
attending physician and/or the first aid department of the
company.
Where scheduling, production, or mechanical difficulties
prevent him from working his regular scheduled workday.
Due to death in the immediate family (father, mother,
wife or husband, son, daughter, brother or sister, motherin-law or father-in-law).
Due to subpena from a court of record.
Jury duty.
Authorized vacation.
A number of agreements did not list the reasons,
but merely stated that “excused absences” or
“justifiable absences” would be counted as time
worked:
Overtime shall be paid for Saturday work to employees
who have worked the previous Monday through Friday,
and to employees who have been excusably absent from
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
work during the previous Monday through Friday, but no
overtime shall be paid for Saturday work to employees who
the company and the union committee agree were inex
cusably absent during the previous Monday through
Friday.
Time and one-half continued to be the prevailing
rate for Saturday work, specified in four-fifths of
the Saturday premium pay provisions (table 5).
More than a tenth of the agreements, largely
concentrated in the construction industry, granted
double time.
Many of the remaining Saturday provisions
provided a combination of double time and time
and one-half. These included provisions for
double time for Saturday afternoon, or if Saturday
was the seventh workday, and time and one-half
in all other instances; or double time for all
employees except specified groups, such as guards,
maintenance men, and engineers, who were paid
time and one-half.
383
PREMIUM PAY FOR WEEKEND WORK
In several maritime agreements, the rate of
premium pay, usually a fixed sum, varied accord
ing to the employee’s wage range or occupation, or
whether Saturday work was required at sea or in
port. Under the Pacific Maritime Association
agreement with the Seafarers’ International union,
extra compensation for Saturday and Sunday work
at sea was incorporated in the base wages; for
such work in port, the applicable overtime rate
was to be paid. A few agreements in other in
dustries provided different rates, varying accord
ing to occupation or wage range.
Other arrangements included premium pay in
some instances and straight time in others—time
and one-half, double time, or a fixed amount for
workers on regular schedules or for Saturday
afternoon only, and straight time for continuousprocess or other off-schedule workers, or for
Saturday morning.
Several food-processing agreements granted
premium pay of time and one-half during the
nonprocessing season only, and straight time
during processing periods.
Table 4.
Sunday Premium Pay. The significance of Sun
day as a holiday, as compared with Saturday, is
reflected in the larger number of contracts pro
viding premium pay for work on Sunday and the
higher premium rates specified—most frequently
double time. The prevalence of premium pay
provisions for work on Sunday (not part of the
regular workweek) was almost as high in non
manufacturing (71 percent) as in manufacturing
industries (77 percent). (See table 2.)
Only 7 percent of the agreements with Sunday
provisions stipulated minimum work requirements
(table 4). Of the 87 agreements with such re
strictions, Sunday premium pay was dependent on
the employee’s having worked a full 6-day schedule
in 58 agreements, and a full 5-day schedule in 13.
Variations in some of the remaining 16 contracts
were similar to those for Saturday pay. Other
variations included provisions requiring 7 days’
work for double time on Sunday and no minimum
work requirements for time and one-half; 7 days’
work for triple time and 6 days’ work for double
time; work on more than two Sundays in four; and
M inimum work requirem ents for premium pay for w eekend work not part of regular workweek, in major
collective bargaining agreem ents, by type of provision, 1958
Minimum work requirements for premium pay for work on—
Saturday
Provision
Absences not
counted as
time worked
Total
Sixth day
Excused absences counted
as time worked
Absences not
counted as
time worked
Total
Excused absences counted
as time worked
Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers
ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thousands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
Number with premium pay provisions_____ ________
987
4,564.8
Number with minimum work requirements..................
Employee must have worked—
Full weekly schedule _____ _______________
Some time on each of previously scheduled
workdays_______________________________
Specified minimum number of hours during
week (less than full schedule)__ __________
Other specified tim e_______________________
113
517.7
34
229.1
79
288.6
235
1,372.6
66
645.8
169
726.9
106
494.9
32
226.0
74
268.9
226
1,331.5
65
644.7
161
686.9
2
12.0
2
12. 0
4
26.3
4
26.3
2
>3
3.1
7.7
2
3.1
5.9
9.0
1
1.1
7.7
3
•2
2
2
4 8
9. 0
608
3
3,186.6
Sunday
Seventh day
622
Number with premium pay p r o v isio n s...__________
1,300
5,584.1
Number with minimum work requirements_________
Employee must have worked—
Full 6-day schedule...... .............. ..........................
Full 6-day schedule_________
___________
Some time on each of the 6 scheduled workdays.
Specified minimum number of hours during
week (less than full schedule)_____________
Other specified tim e_______________ ________
87
269.4
24
59.2
63
210.3
278
1,997.7
90
1,215.9
188
781.9
58
13
2
189.9
42.3
6.5
14
6
30.4
16.4
44
7
2
159.5
25.9
6.5
223
40
7
1,564.1
388.9
25.1
74
11
2
1,107. 5
97.6
5.2
149
29
5
456.6
291.4
19. 9
30.8
4
12.5
10
18.4
3
15
5.6
14.1
3
• 14
5.6
5
14.1
•Includes agreements which provided minimum work requirements for
certain groups of workers and none for others or which varied the minimum
work requirements for different groups.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3,405. 7
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals,
384
Table 5.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Premium rates for work on Saturday and Sunday not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining
agreem ents, by industry, 1958
Premium rate paid
Number with
premium pay
provision
Industry
Time and onehalf
Time and onehalf in some
instances;
double time
in others 1
Double time
Premium or flat
sum, varying
by wage range,
occupation, etc.
Other2
A gree Workers A gree Workers A gree Workers A gree Workers A gree Workers A gree Workers
ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
Saturday W ork
All industries.................................................... .....................
Manufacturing________________ ____ _________
Ordnance arid accessories__________________________
Food and kindred products________________________
Tobacco manufactures_______________ ____________
Textile mill products. ___ . . . .............. ................... .
Apparel and other finished textile products ________
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)______
Furniture and fixtures..________ ____ _____________
Paper and allied products____ _______ ____ . . . . . .
Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________
Chemicals and allied products. ________________ . .
Products of petroleum and coal. ___________________
Rubber products. ______________________________
Leather and leather products _____ ________________
Stone, clay, and glass products_____ __________ . . .
Primary metal industries__________________________
Fabricated metal products________ ____ ____ _______
Machinery (except electrical). ___________________
Electrical machinery___________________ _____ _____
Transportation equipment________ ________________
Instruments and related products__________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing........ .................. ...........
Nonmanufacturing........................... ..... ....................
Mining, crude-p'etroleurri and natural-gas production..
Transportation 3__________________________________
Communications. . . _______ ___________________
Utilities: Electric and g a s..____ ____________________
Wholesale trade_________________ . . . ___ _________
Retail trade. _ . . _______________________ ______ _
Hotels and restaurants_______ _______ ____________
Services___ ____ _______________________ ____ _____
Construction. ________ . ________________ _____
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing _____ ____________
Sunday
987
4, 564. 8
798
3, 754. 7
31
139.4
109
369.4
18
81.3
31
220.1
723
5
63
9
24
25
7
17
17
27
S, 154.7
10.7
276.0
25.5
655
5
54
4
24
25
2, 820. 7
10.7
193.2
7.3
22
71.0
26
67.5
1
3.0
21
192.6
9
5
18.3
82.8
2
4.2
1
2
5. 0
4
4.6
6
18.1
2
2
3.9
1
1
2 .3
5
90.4
68.1
252.0
20.6
6
13
17
15
22
29.0
33.8
55.4
40. 4
5
6.0
5
16.6
47.7
32.1
84.9
136.4
334.3
402.9
1, 209. 2
50.2
23.3
1,410.1
233.5
347.2
74.0
89.2
14.6
14. 9
5.5
43.9
587. 5
10
10
14
8
40
55
130
90
124
21
10
m
4
55
6
37
8
8
3
15
128
20
14
5
38
48
125
81
114
20
10
145
4
35
68.1
252.0
18.6
19.8
33.8
23. 7
36. 5
2.0
6.0
16.6
47.7
27.9
80.6
118. 5
327.6
289. 5
1,172. 3
47.5
23.3
954-0
233.5
258. 9
2
2.6
1
1
6.4
1
6
4
3
1.0
4
5.8
23.1
10. 9
6
23.1
9
68.4
1
1. 3
2
5.7
6
74.0
33
8
4
2
13
40
79. 6
14.6
5. 7
222. 6
6
61.4
83
2 0
11. 5
1
3.0
501.9
17
78.4
2
9.0
17
78.4
1
4 4
1
1.0
4.0
41. 4
1
2.7
10
27.5
2
4.0
1.0
1
1
1 5
3
mo
2
79
287.6
17
work
All industries_____________________________________ 1,300
5,584.1
250
1, 039. 7
42
228.2
950
4,039.3
28
103.6
30
173.5
M anufacturing____ ___________________ ____
Ordnance and accessories _______________ _______ _
Food and kindred products________________________
Tobacco manufactures___________________________
Textile mill products_________ __________________
Apparel and other finished textile p ro d u cts_________
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_______
Furniture and fixtures_______ ____________________
Paper and allied products.__ . . . ________________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________
Chemicals"and allied p rodu cts... _________________
Products of petroleum and coal____________________
Rubber products......... . . ________________ ________
Leather and leather products_____ ____ _____ _______
Stone, clay, and glass products_________ _____ ______
Primary metal industries__________________________
Fabricated metal products_______ _____ __________
Machinery (except electrical)___ _____ _____________
Electrical machinery______________________________
Transportation equipm ent..
________________ . . .
Instruments and related products__________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing_____________________
Nonmanufacturing______ __________________
Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production..
Transportation 3___ ______ ___________________ _____
Communications______________ ___________________
Utilities: Electric and gas____ _______ ________ ______
Wholesale trade_____________________ ____________
Retail trade__ _______________________________ . .
Hotels and restaurants____________________________
Services____________________________ ____ _________
Construction__________________ __________________
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing___ _______ _
3, m . 0
18.6
314.9
31.0
70.4
42.9
36.1
27.3
111
362.0
55.5
3.4
708
8.9
16
122.2
98.6
1
1.3
10
29.6
4
5
7
5.3
29.7
16.3
1
10.0
15
2
59.1
2.8
18.8
13.0
1. 0
1
3. 0
2
1
1
2.8
57.3
49.8
1. 5
4
4
9.7
7.7
2.3
3.5
3
1
2
7.9
2.6
4.8
2,857.6
15. 2
184.4
31. 0
65. 2
13.2
9.8
27.3
58 7
61. 6
34 5
3. 5
128 7
36.5
13 9
88. 6
134 7
335. 2
336.0
1, 211. 4
48. 9
19 8
1,181.7
231.5
77 8
90 4
77 9
7 6
92.2
4
20
20
1
1
859
7
81
11
26
9
12
16
53
33
30
8
23
11
28
62
57
136
96
129
22
9
w
6
66
72
54
11
60
3
29
139
1
122.2
67.2
57.8
16.5
129.7
37.7
80.9
146.1
139.1
345.4
431.3
1,216.1
53.6
19.8
2, 180.1
239.6
379.2
546. 4
128.7
22. 5
148.2
5. 5
92.4
615.3
2.5
10
5
1
1
16
20
1
1
2
1
159
3
30
50
19
4
10
1
9
12
1
i
Includes agreements which provided 1%. for Saturday morning and double
time thereafter; VA for the first or first 2 Sundays worked and double time
for subsequent Sundays (telephone industry); and double time, instead
of 1A , if Sunday was the 7th consecutive day. Also includes agreements
which granted VA for certain occupations (including repair and maintenance)
and double time for others.
1
Includes agreements which provided VA or double time for Saturday
afternoon only, or double time instead of 1Â if Saturday was the 7th con
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.0
3.3
16
36
30
17
3
22
1.2
10
2.0
677.7
8.1
222. 4
279 8
48.3
12. 7
31.0
3. 0
19 5
50.5
2.5
6
49
11
22
4
4
8
38
55
132
89
127
20
9
22
174.9
242
3
19
4
1
1
141 6
13
10
1
2.0
5
39
1
3
3
22 0
7.0
16
49 5
122
553.8
13
33
1
1.2
1
3.7
1
2.9
3
85.5
51.3
1
2 7
24
94.7
14
16
76.8
1
7
14.9
3
1
3.0
1
1
1 0
1
1
1
8.1
15
1.0
secutive day. Also includes agreements which provided V i, V i, l f i , double
time, or a flat sum for some groups or plants and compensatory tim e off or
straight time for others; VA or double time during certain seasons only (mainly
in food processing); and a few agreements which granted either triple time,
2A, or 1% time.
3 Excludes railroad and airline industries.
N ote; Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals'
385
PREMIUM PAY FOR WEEKEND WORK
Table 6.
Premium rates for work on sixth and seventh day not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining
agreem ents, by industry, 1958
Premium rate paid
Number with
premium pay
provision
Time and onehalf
Industry
Time and onehalf in some
instances;
double time
in others
Double time
Premium or flat
sum, varying
by wage range,
occupation, etc.
Other 1
A gree Workers Agree Workers A gree Workers Agree Workers A gree Workers A gree Workers
ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
sands)
Sixth -D ay W ork
All industries.......... .........................................._.................. .
608
3,186. 6
567
2, 967.1
2
3.5
4
6.7
12
31.4
23
177.9
M anufacturing____________ . _______________
Ordnance and accessories__________________________
Pood and kindred products._______ ______ __________
Tobacco manufactures_______________________ _____
Textile mill products__ ___ ________________ ____ _
Apparel and other finished textile products__ _____ _
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_______
Furniture and fixtures.. _______________ _ _ _____
Paper and allied products. _____ ____ ___________
Printing, publishing, and allied industries___________
Chemicals and allied products___ __________________
Products of petroleum and coal____________________
Rubber products______ . . _______________________
Leather and leather products _____________________
Stone, clay, and glass products_______ _ __________
Primary metal industries _________________________
Fabricated metal products_________________________
Machinery (except electrical)______________________
Electrical machinery___
_______________________
Transportation equipment. ___________ . _______
Instruments and related products__________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing______________________
Nonmanufacturing________ _________________
M ining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production..
Transportation 2__________________________________
Communications__________________ _ ______ . . .
Utilities: Electric and gas______________ __________
__________________
Wholesale trade___________ .
Retail trade_____ _ _ .
__________________
Hotels and restaurants____________________________
Services____ _______ _____ . . . . ___________________
Construction---------------- --------------------------- _
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing__ _ . . _________
426
7
44
2
23
2,374.4
12.8
163.5
2.8
61.6
4H
7
38
2
23
2, 270. 8
12.8
155. 5
2.8
61.6
1
2.2
3
5.2
1
1.4
7
94.9
1
1. 4
5
6.6
7
6
7
9
32
18
12
6
7
72
20
55
45
48
6
16.3
11.3
10.7
13.4
69.5
45.5
19.0
10.7
17.9
610.3
64.8
221.9
238.4
772.0
12.4
7
6
7
7
32
18
12
6
7
72
20
53
43
48
6
16.3
11.3
10.7
9.8
69.5
45.5
19.0
10. 7
17.9
610.3
64.8
215.1
153.2
772.0
12.4
1
1
53
83.0
8
38
16
51
3
39
14
12
1
812.2
246.0
86.0
99.3
116.5
5.7
121.8
93.2
32.0
12.0
153
8
34
13
45
3
26
11
12
1
Seventh -D ay W ork
All industries____________ _________ . . . _________
622
3,405. 7
Manufacturing - .....................
. . .
Ordnance and accessories. _ _______________________
Food and kindred products________________________
Tobacco manufactures______
. . . _______________
Textile mill products ..
.
. . . . . . ______
Apparel and other finished textile products.
__ _
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_______
Furniture and fixtures.. __________________________
Paper and allied products.. . . . _____ ___ _ _
Printing, publishing, and allied industries___________
Chemicals and allied products _________________ . . .
Products of petroleum and coal____________________
. . . __________________
Rubber products__ . .
Leather and leather p ro d u cts___
... ..
_____
Stone, clay, and glass products.. _____ _________
Primary metal industries____ . . . ._ _______________
Fabricated metal products. ______________________
Machinery (except electrical)______________________
Electrical machinery____ ______ ___________________
Transportation equipment.. _____________________
Instruments and related products__________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing_____ ___________ _
466
8
49
2
24
2
5
6
8
6
44
18
7
6
13
72
21
63
45
56
11
2,597.9
16.2
230.5
2.8
63.5
17.0
12.3
11.3
12.6
8.9
91.2
46.4
11.2
12.0
38.4
611.1
66.3
251.9
248.9
827.4
18.6
1
1.0
40
2
2
2
4
525.1
9.0
19.4
3.8
27.8
Nonmanufacturing_____ ____ ____________
Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production..
Transportation2 ___________________ ______ . _.
Communications_____________ _______________ . .
Utilities: Electric and g a s...
..
____
Wholesale trade__________________ . . . . . . ________
Retail tr a d e ..____________________ ________________
Hotels and restaurants____________________________
S e r v ic e s ...__ __________________
Construction_____ . . . _ _
______ _________ _
Miscellaneous non manufacturing. . . . .
156
8
38
12
56
2
18
12
9
1
807.8
246.0
192.1
75.3
131.6
4.1
60.2
61.0
25.7
12.0
87
6
28
9
21
1
12
5
5
377.2
16.0
166.0
55.3
49.6
2.8
43.0
25.9
18.9
m
1
2. 2
696.4
246.0
78.8
80.7
105.5
5. 7
84.7
51.2
32.0
12.0
1
1.3
176
1,038.8
3
89
661.6
14
27.7
4
11.3
4
4
3
9
6.0
5.2
7.9
17.6
1
Includes agreements which provided time and one-balf for the 6th day,
or double time for the 7th day, for certain occupations only or during certain
seasons only (food processing); and double time for the 7th consecutive day
or if the 7th day fell on Sunday, and time and one-half otherwise. Also
includes a few agreements which provided time and one-half for the 7th day
for certain occupations only.
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1
1.3
12.7
3
12.7
1
2. 9
1
1.3
1
8.5
2
3.7
1
1. 5
1
1.5
1
1.5
421
2,193.1
368
8
30
2
24
2
1
6
4
2
41
9
7
5
12
32
19
60
41
52
11
1 816 9
16. 2
183. 6
2.8
63. 5
17.0
1.0
11.3
6.6
3.7
83. 4
28.9
11. 2
11.0
36.4
86. 0
57.3
227. 2
152.1
799.6
18. 6
53
2
5
2
32
1
2
4
4
1
376.3
230. 0
13.9
10.8
77.8
1.3
5.1
18.6
6.9
12. 0
11
30.0
16
83.0
2
3.0
i
2.4
2
3
3
42
18 6
7
i
19 7
5.0
6
2
17 4
37.0
4
16.1
18
145.1
9
119.5
5
19.2
1
2.0
1
2
93.0
4
3
i
16.1
11. 1
5.0
5.8
53
9
25.6
4
1
2
9 4
9. 2
3. 0
1
i
3.0
10
2 Excludes railroad and airline industries.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
386
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , A PR IL 1959
a requirement that the employee had not refused
to work on any of five regularly scheduled days.
In a few agreements, the minimum work require
ments were not clear, or reference was made to
local supplements.
Certain excused absences were counted as time
worked in 63 of the 87 agreements with minimum
work requirements for Sunday premium pay.
Payment of double time for Sunday work was
specified in almost three-fourths (950) of the con
tracts with Sunday premium pay provisions; time
and one-half was provided in nearly a fifth (250).
(See table 5.) Of the remaining 100 agreements,
42 provided combinations of time and one-half
and double time. These included telephone
Table 7. Premium pay for work on Saturday and Sunday
as part of regular workweek, in major collective bar
gaining agreem ents, by industry, 1958
Premium pay for regularly
scheduled work on—
Industry
Saturday
Sunday
Agree Workers Agree Workers
ments (thou ments (thou
sands)
sands)
All industries ____________
Manufacturing__________________
Ordnance and accessories. ____________
Food and kindred products____________
Tobacco manufactures.........................
Textile mill products___________ _ .
Apparel and other finished textile
products_____ _______ __________ . .
Lumber and wood products (except fur
niture)_____________________________
Furniture and fixtures___________
Paper and allied products_______
Printing, publishing, and allied indus
tries_______________ ____________
Chemicals and allied products_________
Products of petroleum and coal____ _
Rubber products__________________
Leather and leather products__________
Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Primary metal industries______ ________
Fabricated metal products_________ __
Machinery (except electrical)__________
Electrical machinery_______________ __
Transportation equipm ent..
____ .
Instruments and related products______
Miscellaneous manufacturing__________
Nonmanufacturing___ _______
Mining, crude-petroleum and naturalgas production______________________
Transportation 1______________________
Communications_________________ _ . .
Utilities: Electric and gas. _________ . .
Wholesale trade_______ ______ ____ ____
Retail trade____________ __________ .
Hotels and restaurants________________
Services.. __________________ ____
C onstruction___________ ____________
Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing_______
42
194.8
249
1,530. 6
36
152.7
154
943.8
15
91.7
1
17
3.4
103.0
1
14.0
3
16.3
1
2. 8
1
14
2. 4
24.2
2
5
3.8
9.2
1
10
1
1
2. 2
16.3
1.3
1.0
39.9
574.6
20. 5
67. 9
5. 8
56. 7
7.3
1.3
1
1.0
1
2
1. 2
3.9
4
2
2
8.1
4. 6
12. 5
12
56
8
11
3
10
4
1
6
42. 2
95
586.9
3
1
1
30. 4
9.0
1.8
4
4
49
23
12.1
34.4
454.4
55.6
1
1.0
11
1
3
25. 5
1. 5
3.5
1 Excludes railroad and airline industries.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
agreements which granted time and one-half for
the first two Sundays worked and double time for
subsequent Sundays; agreements in other indus
tries which specified double time for split shifts
and for Sunday if it was the seventh day, and time
and one-half in all other instances; and agreements
providing double time for production workers,
with time and one-half for employees on main
tenance or emergency work, as in the following
example :
All . . . work performed on Sundays and herein listed
holidays shall be paid for at the rate of double time,
except that such work as may be necessary in order to
facilitate the emergency arrival of material may be done
on Sundays at time and one-half the hourly rate of pay for
the first eight (8) hours of such work performed. This
rate shall not apply to any work other than that above
mentioned.
A few others specified time and one-half except
for maintenance men, who received double time.
Another group of 28 agreements specified fixed
sums or premium rates for Sunday work which
varied according to wage range, occupation, or for
other reasons; or premium rates for some occupa
tions and a fixed sum for others. For example:
Double time. Effective April 1, 1956, double the
straight-time hourly rate shall be paid to all employees
except box boys for all work performed on Sunday.
Box boys. Effective April 1, 1956, the Sunday rate for
box boys shall be $1.75 per hour for all work performed
and shall be frozen at that figure for the duration of this
agreement.
Sixth and Seventh Day Not Regularly Scheduled
Provisions for premium pay for the sixth day
of the workweek were found in over a third of the
agreements analyzed, covering two-fifths of the
workers. The seventh workday was a premium
day in almost the same proportions of agreements
and workers (table 1).
Almost two-thirds of these contracts also pro
vided premium pay for Saturday and/or Sunday.
The sixth and seventh day clauses in such in
stances applied to employees on off-standard
work schedules, in which Saturday or Sunday
might be regular workdays. Under the remaining
one-third or more agreements which specified
only sixth and/or seventh day premium pay,
workers on a regular Monday through Friday
887
PREMIUM PAY FOR W EEK END WORK
T able 8. Premium rates for Saturday and Sunday work
as part of regular workweek, in major collective bar
gaining agreem ents, 1958
For regularly scheduled work
on—
Saturday
Sunday
Premium rate
Agree Workers Agree Workers
ments (thou ments (thou
sands)
sands)
1,530.6
Number with provision for premium pay.
42
194.8
249
lH o times regular rate
___
___
13^n t.inms regular rate
__ _________
times regular rate __ __
\Yi times regular rate _____
- ___
IMo times regular rate _______________
1 Y times regular rate___ _________ __ 2 times regular rate___ _____
l } i times“ for first or first 2 Sundays
worked; double time for second or third
and snhsp.qnp.nt, ennseontivp Sundays
Cents-per-hour addition . . . . ______
Premium or flat sum, varying by wage
range, occupation, etc __________
O th er _______________________________
1
15
9.0
91.7
1
1.7
1
1.8
11
34.9
4
i 74
8 15
92
10
6.5
626.3
91.7
538.8
28.5
8 10
26.9
10
8 21
89.2
49.9
2
2
27.4
3.3
8 10
8 12
41.6
56.8
1 59 of these agreements, covering 590,350 workers, provided premium pay
of lH o for the first year of the contract, 1H the second year, and 1H the third
year (1958).
1 All agreements provided premium pay of IMo for the first year of the
contract, 1H the second year, and l 3Ao the third year (1958).
8 Premium pay ranged from 10 to 50 cents per hour.
* Premium pay ranged from 5 to 70 cents per hour.
8 Includes agreements which provided double time for some groups and 1\<i
or a flat sum for others; 1H for some groups and i aA for others; and specified
amounts varying according to wage range.
8 Includes agreements which provided premium pay of 1H, IH, or a flat
sum for some occupational groups only; iy i for some occupations and com
pensatory time for others; 1Yi for some occupations and double time for second
and subsequent Sundays worked for others; and a few agreements which paid
a premium but did not clearly indicate the amount.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
workweek would, in actual practice, receive
premium pay for Saturday or Sunday work.
As in the case of Saturday and Sunday, pro
visions for sixth and seventh day pay were more
prevalent in manufacturing than in nonmanu
facturing agreements (table 2).
Requirements that an employee work a speci
fied number of days or hours during the work
week in order to qualify for premium pay were
more frequently established for the sixth and
seventh day than for Saturday and Sunday. Such
restrictions were found in approximately twofifths of the agreements with sixth and seventh
day provisions (table 3).
Nearly all (96 percent) of the agreements con
taining eligibility rules required the employee to
work a full weekly schedule to qualify for sixth
day premium pay; 80 percent required work for a
full 6-day schedule for seventh day pay (table 4).
8
Some of the clauses applied to Saturdays and Sundays occurring either
outside of or within the regular workweek, and were tabulated in both
categories.
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Under these requirements, employees would be
eligible for premium pay only for the sixth or
seventh consecutive days worked, rather than for
the sixth or seventh day of the workweek. Other
minimum work requirements included work for a
full 5-day schedule for seventh day premium rate
(15 percent), and work for a specified number of
hours or for some portion of each previously
scheduled day for sixth or seventh day premium
pay. However, over two-thirds of the agreements
with sixth and seventh day minimum work re
quirements modified these restrictions by per
mitting certain absences to be counted as time
worked, for premium pay eligibility.
Time and one-half was specified as the premium
rate in 95 percent of the agreements with sixth day
provisions (table 6). For those agreements with
seventh day provisions, double time was specified
in 68 percent, and time and one-half in 28 percent.
Double time for the seventh day was more preva
lent in manufacturing industries, accounting for
nearly four-fifths of the manufacturing agreements,
in contrast to one-third of nonmanufacturing.
Saturday and Sunday Regularly Scheduled
Provisions for premium pay for regularly
scheduled work on Sunday were found in 14 per
cent (249) of the 1,736 contracts analyzed, cover
ing 20 percent of the workers (table 7). Saturday
premium pay provisions, in contrast, were in
cluded in only 42 agreements.5
The majority of these contracts were in in
dustries noted for continuous-process or 7-day
operations; these agreements also included pro
vision for sixth and seventh day premium pay.
In other industries, the clauses involved only
certain occupational groups, such as maintenance
men, guards, and stationary engineers, for whom
Saturday or Sunday were regular workdays:
Maintenance employees will be paid a bonus of fifteen
(15) cents per hour on Saturday and Sunday when these
days are part of their regularly scheduled forty (40) hour
workweek.
Of the 249 contracts with Sunday provisions,
92 provided time and one-half (table 8). Thirtyfour of these, involving 60 percent of the workers
in this group, were in the telephone industry.
An additional 10 agreements in this industry
388
specified time and one-half for the first, or first two
Sundays worked, and double time for subsequent
Sundays. Double time was also specified in 10
other agreements, principally in the paper in
dustry. Another group of 21 agreements provided
for payment of additional cents per hour, ranging
from 10 to 50 cents.
Time and one-fourth was specified in 74 con
tracts, of which 47 were in the basic steel industry
(accounting for almost 90 percent of the workers
receiving time and one-fourth). The basic steel
formula was also used in a number of other agree
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
ments, principally in the fabricated metal prod
ucts, clay refractory, utilities, and iron mining
industries.
Fifteen meatpacking agreements provided
Sunday premium pay of one and one-tenth during
the first year (1956) of the contract, one and
one-fifth the second year, and one and three-tenths
the third year—1958. These 15 agreements also
granted premium pay for work on regularly
scheduled Saturdays, for which the progression
was one and one-twentieth, one and one-tenth,
and for the third year, one and three-twentieths.
Wage Developments
in Major Contracts
in 1958
D o n a l d L . H e l m a n d R ic h a r d G . S e e f e r *
l t h o u g h t h e f i r s t p a r t of 1958 was marked by
a business recession, general wage increases were
negotiated or put into effect during the year for
about 7.2 million workers covered by major collec
tive bargaining situations—about 9 out of 10
workers covered by all such key contracts.1 To a
considerable degree, the wage picture was in
fluenced less by the recession than by the rise in
consumer prices that continued from the end of
1957 through mid-1958 and by wage contract
commitments made in prior years.
While the volume of bargaining during the year
was substantial, its scope was limited by the exist
ence of long-term contracts negotiated in earlier
years, which specified wage increases to go into
effect during 1958 for sizable numbers of workers.
In addition, cost-of-living escalator increases were
important during the year.
About 3.4 million workers—or almost half of
those receiving increases covered by this sum
mary—obtained deferred wage increases provided
under long-term agreements concluded prior to
1958. While the recession delayed some settle
ments and reduced the total “package” increase of
others, another 3.8 million workers were affected
by major settlements concluded during the year
that provided for wage-rate increases. Cost-ofliving increases went to a total of about 4 million
workers, almost all of whom were included in the
groups receiving deferred increases or affected by
current negotiations.2
The most common increase in 1958 in terms of
workers affected—including negotiated, deferred,
and cost-of-living raises—amounted to 11 but less
A
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
than 13 cents 3 an hour (table 1). Almost one out
of four workers received increases of this magni
tude. In 1957, the most common advance was 15
but less than 17 cents, and in 1956, it was 9 but
less than 11 cents. In both 1957 and 1958, about
half the workers affected received increases aver
aging 12 cents an hour or more; in 1956, the corre
sponding figure was about 10 cents.
Wage-rate changes in both 1957 and 1958 were
less uniform than in 1956 when about three out of
five workers whose wages were subject to change
received wage increases averaging 9 but less than
13 cents an hour. The greater variety in the
size of increases in the past 2 years was apparently
due to the greater role of cost-of-living escalator
adjustments, which typically resulted in larger in
creases in situations with such provisions than in
those without escalator provisions. Cost-of-living
escalators did not become effective in such in
dustries as basic steel, aluminum, meatpacking,
and railroads until 1957. For most of the workers
covered by such clauses—in automobiles and farm
equipment as well as the other industries men
tioned—the cost-of-living wage increases ranged
from 6 to 8 cents an hour in 1957, and from 5 to
9 cents in 1958.
Negotiations in 1958
Size of Negotiated Increases. Major wage negoti
ations concluded during 1958 affected about 4.1
million workers. Of these, about 3.8 million were
covered by settlements that provided for general
wage-rate increases. The negotiated increases for
about 57 percent of the workers amounted to 8
cents or more. The most commonly negotiated
increases (affecting 3 out of 10 workers and a fifth
of the settlements) amounted to 7 but less than
9 cents an hour (table 2).
* Of the D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1
For purposes of this summary, a major collective bargaining situation is
defined as one affecting 1,000 or more workers. The first section of this sum
mary covers all major industry groups except construction, the service trades,
finance, and government. (Federal classified employees, specified members
of the Armed Forces, a'nd other Federal Government employees received in
creased rates of pay in 1958 through legislative action.) A separate section at
the end of this article discusses changes in union scales in the construction
industry. This summary, with the exception of that part covering construc
tion, is based on data compiled in the Bureau of Labor Statistics M onthly
Report on Current Wage Developments.
1
In addition to these 4 million, an estimated 400,000 unorganized em
ployees, many of whom were office and other nonproduction workers em
ployed in establishments where organized workers were covered by escalator
provisions, received cost-of-living escalator adjustment.
* All increases presented are averages for all workers affected by a settlement
unless otherwise specified.
389
390
Table 1.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Percent distribution of wage increases nego
tiated or effective in 195è-58 1
Amount of hourly
increase
Settlements
1956
1957
Total: Number_____ 1,485 1,468
Percent............ 100
100
Under 5 cents......... .......
5 and under 7 cents___
7 and under 9 cents___
9 and under 11 c en ts...
11 and under 13 cents..
13 and under 15 cents..
15 and under 17 cen ts..
17 and under 19 cen ts..
19 cents and over_____
N ot specified or not
computed s___ ____ _
Workers
1958 s
1956
1957
1958 s
1,363 7, 507,000 7, 640, 000
100
100
100
7,200, 000
100
2
13
17
27
20
7
6
3
2
3
13
19
17
17
9
13
2
3
6
20
18
16
14
7
5
7
4
1
7
12
35
27
4
4
3
4
2
8
13
12
18
9
29
1
4
4
11
12
9
23
16
6
12
6
4
4
3
3
2
2
1 For industry coverage, see footnote 1, table 2. Includes cost-of-living and
deferred as well as negotiated increases.
* Excludes 17 situations affecting 28,000 workers in which 1 or more costof-living increases were made in 1958 prior to the 1958 expiration date of the
agreements and for which information on current agreements was not avail
able.
* Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Many of the workers affected by increases
negotiated during the year also received cost-ofliving escalator adjustments. When the cost-ofliving increases received by these workers are
added to the negotiated increases, the most com
mon increases became 13 but less than 15 cents.
These covered one out of every four workers af
fected by the 1958 negotiations (table 3). One
worker in six received increases of at least 15
cents an hour whether or not cost-of-living
adjustments are included since very few workers
affected by settlements of this magnitude received
any escalator adjustments.
Almost twice as many manufacturing as nonmanufacturing workers were affected by 1958
negotiations since relatively few long-term agree
ments in nonmanufacturing were subject to re
negotiation during the year. Moreover, of the
workers affected by the year’s negotiations, a
much higher proportion of the manufacturing
workers were covered by settlements that increased
pay by less than 9 cents an hour: two-thirds of
manufacturing workers as against one-fourth of
nonmanufacturing workers.
More than 6 out of 10 nonmanufacturing
workers were affected by negotiations that in
creased rates of pay by at least 10 cents an hour,
including 10-cent raises for about 230,000 em
ployees in major trucking situations. Of the
more than 250,000 nonmanufacturing employees
accounted for by negotiated increases of at least
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19 cents an hour, the vast majority were bitumi
nous coal miners.4
The effects of escalation upon increases ne
gotiated during 1958 were more pronounced in
manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing indus
tries, chiefly because of new automobile contracts
and some farm-equipment agreements. In manu
facturing, more than two out of five workers were
affected by negotiated wage-rate changes averag
ing 7 but less than 9 cents, but the addition of the
escalation increases shifted the average change to
13 but less than 15 cents, covering almost one out
of three workers.
Skilled Workers. As in 1956 and 1957, about
three out of eight agreements negotiated in 1958
provided for additional wage increases for skilled
workers. The problem of wage differentials
between skilled and other workers was dealt with
in several ways. The proportion of settlements
that most frequently maintained percentage wage
differentials did so by providing uniform percent
adjustments, as the following tabulation indicates:
Type of increase
Across-the-board cents-per-hour in
creases, plus widening of cents incre
ments among labor grades 1________
Across-the-board cents-per-hour in
creases, plus extra increases for
skilled workers2__________________
Across-the-board percent increases L .
Across-the-board percent increases with
minimum cents-per-hour increase
specified3________________________
Approximate
number of
Percent workers covof agreeered by
ments agreements
12
643, 000
4
16
131, 000
503,000
5
779, 000
1
Includes a few agreements that also provided additional increases for
skilled workers.
1 Includes a few agreements in which wage increases were nonuniform but
which also provided additional increases for skilled workers.
* The majority of these agreements also provided additional increases for
skilled workers.
Other agreements providing percent increases
(with a specified minimum cents-per-hour in
crease) included extra cents-per-hour raises for
skilled workers (as in the case of automobiles
and farm equipment). Many contracts, including
* The increases agreed to in the bituminous coal settlement negotiated in
1958 went into effect in January and April 1959, but they are included in this
summary because they became effective within 12 months following the date
of negotiations. Negotiated increases, as defined in this summary, include
all increases negotiated during 1958 and going into effect during the first
contract year.
891
MAJOR WAGE DEVELOPMENTS IN 1958
Table 2.
Changes in wages, excluding cost-of-livingad justm ents, and in supplementary practices provided by selected
collective bargaining settlem ents negotiated in 1958 1
Number of settlements
Wage actions
Establishing or liberalizing supplementary practices
Industry and type of wage action
Settlements Workers covered2
N um Per Approx
ber cent 1 imate
number
Per
cent
Supple
Health mental
Pre Shift
unem
To mium dif Holi Vaca Pen and
tal 8 pay feren days tions sions 4 welfare ployment
benefit
tials
plans
plans 4
Not
changing
supple
Other m entary
prac practices
tices s
Reduc
ing
supple
m entary
practices
All I ndustries Studied
All actions 6________ _ _______________
873
100
4,109, 000
100
631
64
69
196
No wage change ____ _______________
Increases in wages_________________ _
Under 5 cents______ _____________
5 and under 7 cents_______ ____
7 and under 9 cents_____ __________
9 and under 11 cents______ ______
11 and under 13 cents___ __________
13 and under 15 cents_____________
15 and under 17 cents_____________
17 and under 19 cen ts......................
19 cents and over. _______________
N ot specified or not computed 44___
Decreases in wages__________________ _
66
804
51
176
185
138
82
36
37
18
44
37
3
8
92
6
20
21
16
« 9
4
4
2
5
4
7
93
7
13
30
14
5
3
6
2
9
3
(13)
24
606
36
125
123
112
64
30
32
15
39
30
1
1
63
4
7
8
23
3
6
5
1
1
5
1
68
2
13
18
9
13
4
5
1
3
(13)
292,000
3,814,000
278, 000
524,000
1, 247. 000
571, 000
224,000
123,000
242,000
96,000
376,000
132,000
4,000
1
194
14
36
25
42
13
11
16
7
24
6
1
All actions 45_._ _____________________
646
100
2,709,000
100
448
50
46
No wage change . ___________ ______
Increases in wages ___________ ______
Under 5 cents_______________ ____
5 and under 7 cents____ __________
7 and under 9 cents_______________
9 and under 11 cents__ ___________
11 and under 13 cents_________ . . .
13 and under 15 cents_____________
15 and under 17 cents________ ___
17 and under 19 cents__________ _
19 cents and over
____ _______
N ot specified or not computed 44___
Decreases in wages . __________________
55
588
40
149
170
92
36
16
22
14
28
21
3
9
91
6
23
26
14
6
3
3
2
4
3
8
92
6
15
43
9
3
1
6
3
5
2
1
45
2
12
15
5
4
1
3
1
2
(13)
15
432
31
108
109
75
28
12
18
11
24
16
1
1
49
4
6
6
21
1
3
5
1
(13)
218, 000
2,488,000
155,000
402, 000
1,164, 000
230,000
80,000
38,000
152,000
91, 000
121,000
55, 000
4,000
All actions 16________________________
227
100
1,400,000
100
183
14
23
37
No wage changes____________________
Increases in wages_____ ______________
Under 5 cents____________________
5 and under 7 cents_______________
7 and under 9 cents__ ____________
9 and under 11 cents__ ___________
11 and under 13 cents_________ . . .
13 and under 15 cen ts.. ________
15 and under 17 cents_____________
17 and under 19 cents______ ______
19 cents and over________ _______
N ot specified or not computed 44___
Decreases in wages___________________
11
216
11
27
15
46
46
20
15
4
16
16
5
95
5
12
7
20
20
9
7
2
7
7
74,000
1,326,000
123,000
123', 000
83,000
341,000
144,000
86,000
90,000
5,000
255i 000
77,000
14
23
1
36
1
2
2
2
3
1
3
4
9
3
2
1
3
9
4
7
4
i
3
1
5
3
230
181
221
11
169
14
304
36
38
44
37
13
2
29
45
39
16
20
67
72
56
34
6
12
12
6
13
12
15
9
8
14
4
13
10
12
117
224
7
110
10
1
233
240
10
42
197
15
51
61
26
18
223
12
48
39
32
29
8
15
8
9
23
(8)
71
(') io i
6
5
3
5
7
( 12)
1
M anufacturing
2
159
2
158
14
35
22
33
9
4
12
7
19
3
1
12
6
214
18
53
63
35
16
7
5
4
2
6
3
140
11
2
28
36
28
26
41
23
144
7
39
31
22
14
7
2
10
.....
2
6
7
7
11
6
3
150
5
3
72
196
40
155
9
41
60
17
8
4
4
3
4
5
1
(s)
0)
( 12)
44 1
Selected N onmanufacturing
95
9
9
6
24
10
6
6
(13)
18
5
9
174
5
17
14
37
36
18
14
4
15
14
1 This tabulation relates to settlements involving 1,000 or more workers
concluded during the 12-month period. It includes all wage changes negoti
ated during the January-December period that are scheduled to go into effect
during the contract year; i.e., the 12-month period following the effective
date of the agreement. In summarizing percentage increases, it has been
necessary to estimate their value in terms of cents on the basis of available
information on wage levels in the industry.
This tabulation excludes settlements involving fewer than 1,000 workers;
settlements in construction, the service trades, finance, and government;
instances in which contract reopening privileges v.ere not exercised; and
wage increases and changes In supplementary practices that went into effect
during the period that were negotiated earlier (for example, deferred wage in
creases, cost-of-living adjustments, or annual improvement factor increases).
2 Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
2
This total is smaller than the sum of the individual items since some
settlements affected more than 1 item.
4 Includes settlements in which agreement provided for increased contri
butions to maintain existing benefits. However, settlements providing for
increased benefits without increased employer contributions are omitted.
2
The most commonly reported were severance pay in 25 manufacturing and
10 nonmanufacturing settlements; supplemental jury-duty pay in 30 manu
facturing and 2 nonmanufacturing settlements; paid funeral leave in 25
manufacturing and 4 nonmanufacturing settlements; paid sick leave in 12
manufacturing and 15 nonmanufacturing settlements; and call-in or reporting
pay in 12 manufacturing aDd 3 nonmanufacturing settlements.
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* Excludes 8 settlements affecting 40,000 workers in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or increased and 3
settlements affecting 4,000 workers in which contracts were informally
extended to early 1959.
7 6 additional settlements that liberalized some practices reduced others.
8 1 settlement that liberalized some practices reduced paid relief time.
®2 settlements that liberalized some practices reduced others—1 eliminated
10 minute daily coffee breaks and the other reduced vacation pay.
101 additional settlement that liberalized some practices suspended pay
ments to the SUB fund until sales of company products improved.
11 Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
121 settlement that liberalized some practices reduced premium overtime
pay.
48 Less than 0.5 percent.
441 additional settlement that liberalized holiday provisions reduced shift
differentials.
48 Excludes 7 settlements affecting 20,000 workers in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or increased and 3
settlements affecting 4,000 workers in which contracts were informally
extended to early 1959.
48 Excludes 1 settlement affecting 20,000 workers in which wages were not
an issue but the health and welfare plan was liberalized.
392
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
some represented in the preceding tabulation,
provided special job classification adjustments
or eliminated or narrowed differences in pay among
geographic areas or plants. Uniform cents-perhour increases were provided in a third of the
settlements affecting about a fourth of the workers.
Table 4. Percent distribution of wage changes provided by
selected collective bargaining settlem ents negotiated in
1956-58 1
Long-Term Agreements. Long-term agreements
providing for wage-rate advances in future con
tract years continued to play an important part
in 1958 bargaining. This type of agreement was
more important in 1958 settlements than in 1957,
but was less important than in 1956. However,
the year-to-year fluctuations in the number of
long-term negotiations depends primarily on the
timing of negotiations in those industries where
long-term agreements have been adopted, and do
not necessarily indicate changes in the trend
toward adoption of such long-term agreements.
Of the major contracts negotiated during 1958,
about 35 percent, accounting for 42 percent of the
workers (1.7 million), provided for deferred wage
increases due in 1959 and in some cases in subse
quent years.5 In 1957, 3 out of 10 contracts
covering 28 percent of the workers (830,000) con
tained such provisions, and in 1956, two out of
five agreements covering about 50 percent of the
workers (2.9 million) were affected.
All actions:3 Number____ 1,191 828
Percent_____
100 100
Settlements
Workers covered >
of wage action
1956 1957 1958
1956
1957
1958
A ll I ndustries Studied
Escalator Clauses. Cost-of-living escalator clauses
were established or renewed in 173 situations
accounting for about 1.4 million workers. For
Table 3.
Total wage c h a n g e s1 in situations in which
wage-rate negotiations occurred in 1958
Type of wage action
Settlements
N um
ber
Per
cent 3
Workers 3
Number
Per
cent
All actions______
873
100 4,109,000
100
N o wage change____
Increases in wages. _
Under 5 cents_____
5 and under 7 cents
7 and under 9 cents .
9 and under 11 cents_______
11 and under 13 cents
13 and under 15 cents______
15 and under 17 cents.
17 and under 19 cen ts._______
19 cents and over.
N ot specified or not computed 3
Decreases in wages
59
811
42
145
155
145
114
68
39
16
50
37
3
7
283,000
93 3,822,000
5
183,000
17
440,000
18
582,000
17
431,000
13
304,000
8 1,015,000
4
254,000
2
94,000
6
388,000
4
132,000
4,000
(<)
7
93
4
11
14
10
7
25
6
2
9
3
(4
1 Negotiated wage-rate changes plus any cost-of-living adjustments effective
during the year in situations in which wages were an issue.
* Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
3 Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
* Less than 0.5 percent.
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N o wage change__________
Increases in wages________
Under 5 cents..................
5 and under 7 cents____
7 and under 9 cents........
9 and under 11 cents---11 and under 13 cen ts...
13 and under 15 cen ts...
15 and under 17 c e n ts...
17 and under 19 cen ts.. .
19 cents and over______
N ot specified or not
computed 4_________
Decreases in wages___
1
99
1
11
16
30
17
7
7
3
2
3
97
2
10
17
22
14
10
10
2
4
5
7
873 5,708,000 2,961,000 4,109,000
100
100
100
100
8
92
6
20
21
16
9
4
4
2
5
1
99
(«)
4
7
11
44
18
5
4
3
5
7
93
1
10
19
21
9
8
10
1
10
3
5
(3)
7
93
7
13
30
14
5
3
6
2
0
3
<3)
M anufacturing
All actions: 3 Number____
Percent_____
N o wage change______ ..
Increases in wages---- -------Under 5 cents_________
5 and under 7 cents____
7 and under 9 cents____
9 and under 11 cents___
11 and under 13 cen ts...
13 and under 15 cen ts...
15 and under 17 cen ts...
17 and under 19 c en ts...
19 cents and over______
N ot specified or not
computed 4_________
Decreases in wages________
915 564
100 100
1
99
1
11
15
31
18
8
8
3
2
5
95
3
10
17
23
12
9
12
2
2
3
5
646 3,406,000 1, 567,000 2,709,000
100
100
100
100
9
91
6
23
26
14
6
3
3
2
4
1
99
(s)
3
8
11
40
23
6
5
2
1
13
87
2
8
16
24
8
10
14
1
2
2
3
(»)
8
92
6
15
43
9
3
1
6
3
5
2
(»)
Selected N onmanuFACTORING
All actions:8 Number____
Percent_____
276 264
100 100
N o wage change................... .
Increases in wages________
Under 5 cents_________
5 and under 7 cents____
7 and under 9 cents____
9 and under 11 cents___
11 and under 13 cen ts...
13 and under 15 cen ts...
15 and under 17 c en ts...
17 and under 19 cen ts...
19 cents and over__
N ot specified or not
computed 4____ ____
Decreases in wages.............. .
1
99 100
1
1
9
8
21 16
28 IS
14 18
5 10
4
5
3
3
3
9
10
10
227 2,303,000 1,394,000 1,400,000
100
100
100
100
5
95
5
12
7
20
20
9
7
2
(3)
(*)
100
4
11
50
10
3
2
(3)
(J)
7
11
12
22
17
11
5
5
1
19
7
5
7
4
5
95
9
9
6
24
10
100
6
6
(*)
18
5
1 For coverage, see footnote 1, table 2.
3
Excludes 13 settlements affecting 93,000 workers in 1956, 17 settlements
affecting 159,000 workers in 1957, and 8 settlements affecting 40,000 workers
in 1958 in which wages were not an issue but supplementary practices were
established or increased; and 3 settlements in 1958 affecting 4,000 workers in
which contracts were informally extended to early 1959.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
4 Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
3
Excludes 12 settlements affecting 87,000 workers in 1956, 13 settlements
affecting 59,000 workers in 1957, and 7 settlements affecting 20,000 workers in
1958 in which wages were not an issue but supplementary practices were
established or increased; and 3 settlements in 1958 aflecting 4,000 workers in
which contracts were informally extended to early 1959.
8
Excludes 1 settlement affecting 6,000 workers in 1956, 4 settlements affect
ing 100,000 workers in 1957, and 1 settlement affecting 20,000 workers in 1958
in which wages were not an issue but supplementary practices were estab
lished or increased.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
1 For a discussion of deferred increases due in 1959 as a result of the 1958 or
earlier negotiations, see M onthly Labor Review, December 1958, pp. 13621365.
393
MAJOR WAGE DEVELOPMENTS IN 1958
upon retirement were liberalized, and in other
cases, provision was made for increasing disability
benefits.
The recession exercised an influence on bargain
ing as it related to supplemental unemployment
and separation pay benefits. Most notably, the
settlements in automobiles, farm equipment, and
related industries liberalized both the amount
and duration of supplemental unemployment
benefits (inaugurated under the 1955 contracts)
and established separation pay provisions within
the framework of the SUB plans.6 In general,
these settlements provided for termination pay
from existing SUB funds; since the employers’
contributions into these funds remained un
changed, these revisions are not included in the
tabulation of increased supplementary benefits
shown in table 2.
Nonmanufacturing settlements not only pro
vided higher wage-rate increases but changed
supplementary benefits somewhat more frequently
than did those in manufacturing. About 8 out of
10 nonmanufacturing settlements made changes
in these practices compared with about 7 out of 10
in manufacturing. The most striking disparities
most of the workers affected, these clauses repre
sented renewals of provisions in prior contracts,
most notable of which were in the automobile and
related parts, trucking, aircraft, and farm-equip
ment industries.
Supplementary Benefits. Slightly fewer than three
out of four settlements concluded during 1958,
affecting about 3.2 million workers, liberalized or
established one or more supplementary benefits
(table 2). Health and welfare benefits were most
frequently affected; they were changed in about
three out of eight agreements, accounting for
about 1.8 million workers. Vacation provisions
were liberalized in 26 percent of the contracts and
22 percent revised provision for paid holidays,
most frequently adding a seventh or eighth paid
holiday.
Pensions were established or increased in 21
percent of the situations and accounted for 1.4
million workers. In most cases, benefits paid
9
According to union reports, these benefits were of substantial assistance
in cushioning the effects of layoffs in 1958. The United Automobile Workers
reported that the Big Three automobile manufacturers paid out almost
$38 million in benefits during the year, while the United Steelworkers said
that 18 basic steel companies paid out $36.5 million in the same period.
Table 5.
Changes in supplementary practices provided by selected collective bargaining settlem ents negotiated in
1956-58 1
Percent of settlements
1956
All settlements---------------
----------------------------------------------
Total establishing or liberalizing one or more supplementary
practices 5_
_ __ _ _ ________ ___________ - ___
Health and welfare plans 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
______________
Vacations _ ___ _
____________________ - -- -- -Holidays _ ______ __ _ - ______________ _________P ensions6
______ _ _ _ _ _ _______
___
Shift differentials _ ____ __
_______
___
Premium rates
___ _ _
__
_____________
Paid funeral leave__ _____________________ _______
Severance pay
______________ _________________
Jury-duty pay _______ _______ _ _________ _ ___ _
Paid sick leave ___________ _____
__ __ _
____
Other practices
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
__________
Settlements not changing supplementary practices.____ _ __
1956
1958
1957
1958
1957
_
____
_____ ____________
1958
1957
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
45
39
32
25
21
14
4
75
40
34
32
18
13
3
77
43
35
36
20
16
9
8
3
69
35
22
25
18
7
8
4
4
5
2
1
12
30
78
41
33
22
17
12
21
7
78
46
40
35
28
24
12
5
72
34
31
21
14
8
20
5
81
41
39
16
28
10
12
72
36
26
22
21
8
7
646
276
3
3
10
4
8
11
22
5
4
4
3
1
13
25
3
1,191
828
1 For coverage, see footnote 1, table 2.
2 Excludes 13 settlements affecting 93,000 workers in 1956, 17 settlements
affecting 159,000 workers in 1957, and 8 settlements affecting 40,000 workers
in 1958, in which wages were not an issue but supplementary practices were
established or increased.
3 Excludes 12 settlements affecting 87,000 workers in 1956, 13 settlements
affecting 59,000 workers in 1957, and 7 settlements affecting 20,000 workers in
1958, in which wages were not an issue but supplementary practices were
established or increased.
9
Excludes 1 settlement affecting 6,000 workers in 1956, 4 settlements affect
ing 100,000 workers in 1957, and 1 settlement affecting 20,000 workers in 1958,
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1956
100
3
1
16
28
12
3
10
10
22
1
1
13
23
873
915
564
6
2
2
1
7
16
22
(7)
6
4
6
2
4
i
7
13
28
26
19
264
227
2
«
(0
Number nf settlements _
Selected nonmanufacturing
industries ‘
Manufacturing 3
All industries studied 2
Type of practice
in which wages were not an issue but supplementary practices were estab
lished or increased.
3 This total is smaller than the sum of the individual items since some
settlements affected more than 1 item.
9 Includes settlements in which agreement provided for increased contri
butions to maintain existing benefits. However, settlements providing for
increased benefits without increased employer contributions are omitted.
i Less than 0.5 percent.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
394
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Table 6.
Changes in union wage scales in 7 construction
trades in major cities,1 1956-58
Percent of scales In—
Cents-per-hour Increases
1956
1957
All scales________________
inn
All increases..................... __
87
1
12
Under 5.0......... ..............
5.0 and under 10.0 . . .
5.0__________ _________
7.5....................................... .........
10.0 and under 1 5 . 0 . ______
10.0.................... ............
12.5-...............................
15.0 and under 2 0 .0 .......... .
15.0_______ ____ _____
20.0 and under 25.0___ _ .
20.0___________________
25.0 and over______________ .
25.0____ ______________________
N o change......................
5
5
30
17
9
24
19
9
7
11
8
13
89
1
7
2
2
30
17
10
26
18
12
8
13
10
12
1958
87
1
8
2
3
33
19
9
24
20
11
9
12
7
13
1 The 7 trades studied were bricklayers, carpenters, electricians, painters,
plasterers, plumbers, and building laborers in 100 cities.
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals
were in vacation changes (involved in 39 percent
of the settlements in nonmanufacturing and 22
percent in manufacturing) and in pensions (28
and 18 percent, respectively). On the other hand,
25 percent of the manufacturing settlements
changed holiday provisions, compared with 16
percent in nonmanufacturing.
Comparisons with 1957 and 1956
More workers were affected by major wage
negotiations during 1958 than in 1957, when such
negotiations affected almost 3 million workers, but
the total number affected was below the 5.7 million
covered by major wage negotiations in 1956
(table 4). The increase in bargaining activity
above 1957 levels was due very largely to the
fact that long-term contracts in the automobile,
farm equipment, and related industries were up
for negotiation in 1958. Some of the major agree
ments negotiated in 1956, however, were still in
effect in 1957 and 1958.
The proportion of workers receiving increases
as a result of wage negotiations was identical (93
percent) in 1957 and 1958, but in 1956, all but
1 percent of the workers affected by negotiations
in which wages were an issue were covered by
contracts that provided for wage-rate increases.7
The negotiated increases tended to be somewhat
smaller in 1958 than in either 1957 or 1956,
although in evaluating these differences, the year-
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
to-year differences in the industries in which
negotiations occur should be borne in mind. The
most commonly negotiated increases amounted to
7 but less than 9 cents an hour in 1958, compared
with 9 but less than 11 cents in 1956 and 1957.
As indicated earlier, a comparison of negotiated
wage changes during 1958, 1957, and 1956 must
be qualified by the fact that with long-term agree
ments in many industries, there are significant
variations in the industries represented by settle
ments in any given year. Thus, in 1956 long-term
agreements were reached in basic steel, meatpack
ing, and metal mining and for some railroad
workers. These agreements provided deferred
increases in 1957 and 1958 and were not the sub
ject of negotiations during either of these years.
Bargaining in 1957 included additional railroad
settlements and a long-term agreement in East
Coast longshoring, but relatively few other key
long-term agreements. Most of the workers
covered by long-term contract negotiations con
cluded during 1958 were in the automobile and
related parts industries and in some agricultural
equipment firms where the 3-year agreements
negotiated in 1955 were replaced.
Among the industry groups that bargained over
wages in each of the 3 years—1956, 1957, and
1958—were rubber, cement, and chemicals.
There were also some situations in communica
tions, paper, and s e r v i c e t r a d e s in which
agreements were concluded in each of the 3 years.
In some of these situations, the wage-rate increases
agreed to during 1958 were significantly smaller
than those agreed to in 1957 and, in some cases,
than those in 1956 as well. In the rubber industry,
wage rates were increased by 8 cents an hour com
pared with 14 to 15 cents in 1957 and 6.2 cents in
1956. Increases negotiated in the cement indus
try averaged about 10 and 13 cents in 1958 and
1957, respectively, but amounted to 18 cents
in 1956. Although the petroleum refining indus
try normally negotiates annually, no general
settlement was reached in this industry until early
1959; there were a few scattered catchup increases
during 1958.
TAmong the Industries In which rates of pay remained unchanged In both
1958 and 1957 were textiles and some m en’s apparel trades; the East and
Gulf Coast maritime Industry did not alter pay rates during 1958.
395
MAJOR WAGE DEVELOPMENTS IN 1958
Although there was a small decline in the pro
portion of settlements that provided for changes
in one or more supplementary practices from 1956
to 1958—from 78 percent in 1956 to 72 percent
in 1958—a more noticeable drop occurred in the
number of fringe items affected by a single settle
ment. (See table 5.) There was a decline in the
proportion of changes made in almost every one of
the fringe benefits shown separately in this sum
mary. For example, shift differentials were
revised in 2 out of 10 settlements in 1956 com
pared with less than 1 out of 10 in 1958; vacation
8
This summary of changes in union scales in the construction trades differs
from the information presented earlier in this article in two respects: (1) it
is based on information on union scales in all cities studied whether or not
these scales were renegotiated during the year, whereas the data presented
in table 2 refer only to situations in which wages were subject to negotiation;
and (2) the summary of construction scales refers to all changes effective dur
ing 1958 regardless of when they were negotiated. It is roughly comparable
to the information presented in table 1.
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changes declined from 39 percent in 1956 to 26
percent in 1958; and revisions in holiday provi
sions accounted for one out of three settlements
liberalizing these practices in both 1957 and
1956 compared with slightly more than one out
of five in 1958.
Union Scales in the Construction Trades
During 1958, union construction scales8 rose an
average of about 14.5 cents an hour compared
with 15 and 13.6 cents in 1957 and 1956, respec
tively.
The single most common increase
amounted to 15 cents an hour and affected roughly
20 percent of the scales in each of the 3 years.
In each year also, raises of 10 cents an hour were
only slightly less frequent than 15-cent changes.
(See table 6.)
Summaries of Studies and Reports
The Farm Worker
in America
E
N o t e . — The following article was ex
cerpted from an address by Secretary of Labor
James P. Mitchell before the National Confer
ence of Farm Labor Services, Los Angeles,
February 28, 1959. For ease of reading,
symbols to denote elided material have not
been indicated.
d i t o r ’s
i r s t , t h e c o n d i t i o n s under which far too many
of our farm workers live and work today is an
affront to the conscience of the American people.
Second, the farm grower, with a year’s income
and investment often hanging in the balance,
needs reasonable assurance that he can get the
workers he needs when he needs them.
Third, this Nation as a whole has a large surplus
of underemployed domestic farm workers. These
people are marginal farmers, sharecroppers, and
farm wage workers. Consider that in 1957, the
last full year for which complete figures are avail
able, there were over 2 million persons who did a
significant amount of farm work and got paid for
it. Yet the average number of days they worked
was only 144. That is a tremendous amount of
manpower going to waste, even if you consider
that many people like housewives, some older
children, and some teachers only want part-time
work in the fields. Rural underemployment is
not a temporary problem. There is very little
evidence that the underemployed and unemployed
farm worker is passing out of society. The
number of migratory farm workers in the United
States has not decreased during the last 10
years; nor has the total number of persons who
engage at least part time in farm work. Yet
their economic status has been getting progres
sively worse. The wages [of farm workers] in
1957 averaged $892. This was lower than any
reported year since 1951.
F
396
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Fourth, we must remember that these workers
not only do not have the protection of most of
the social legislation which places a floor under the
economic well-being of most Americans, but that
they also are deprived even of the “automatic”
action of a free labor market, in which a labor
shortage tends to bring its own correction. As
you know, increased competition for workers
normally brings improvement in wages and other
inducements to attract them.
Such “automatic” correction is foreclosed, how
ever, where foreign labor is provided in sufficient
supply at whatever wage level already prevails,
thus discouraging wages from rising. The argu
ment for providing foreign labor in this way is
that there is a shortage of domestic labor at the
time and place needed and at the wage and
conditions of employment that prevail there.
Clearly, such local shortages do exist. The
domestic labor surpluses I have described are
often distant from the point of need; many of
them will not wish to leave their home areas no
matter what the inducement. Some may be
undependable. Clearly, there are emergency sit
uations, perhaps frequently, and in many places,
where supplemental foreign labor is required to
meet short-term needs left after every reasonable
effort at domestic recruitment.
But it is equally true, unfortunately, that
foreign labor programs in themselves often permit
employers to evade the necessity to pay the wages
and to do the many other things needed to attract
and retain domestic farm workers. Where this
happens, it clearly affects adversely the working
conditions, pay standards, and the job opportu
nities of our own workers.
This is no secret. An increasing number of
newspaper stories and magazine articles and radio
and television programs are pointing it out, and
they are also showing a lot of evidence that too
many migrant farm laborers are living as no
American should live.
THE FARM WORKER IN AMERICA
A Suggested Program
From the foregoing considerations, I draw
certain conclusions and raise certain questions.
First of all, there will be change; the American
public should and will demand it; and it will be
imposed if it does not evolve voluntarily. It is
in the interest of all of us that this change take
place in the national interest and not just in the
parochial interest of any one group.
The national interest requires that this change
be in the direction of materially better employ
ment opportunities, standards of living, and eco
nomic security for farm workers. These improved
opportunities and higher earnings for workers
will, of course, enable agriculture to attract a
more stable and reliable work force. Humane
evolution in these directions is the central objec
tive of American society in the field of farm labor.
A major part of the problem of peaceful change
is in the field of wages. None of our farm labor
problems can be solved if wages and earnings are
kept at a low level while other wages and income
on and off the farm continue to increase. In this
country, we do not choose to keep down our bills,
including our food bills, at the cost of overworking
and underpaying human beings. We choose in
stead to pay the price necessary to support an
adequate wage. This is one of the incentives and
one of the products of an expanding economy.
I am convinced that agricultural workers must
be given the protection of minimum wage and
maximum hours legislation. I have initiated
studies within the Department of Labor which
will help to arrive at the type of legislation best
adapted to the particular needs of American agri
culture and farm workers. This study will be
completed this year.
We know that some, perhaps many, farmers
would willingly improve the pay standards of the
farm workers in their employ if they could be
sure that other farmers—competitors in the market
place—were doing likewise. A minimum wage
law is the means of protecting those willing to pay
decent wages from the unfair competition of those
who are not. The assistance of these farmers and
their representatives can help to develop—in fact
is necessary to develop—the type of legislation
which would accomplish the wage adjustments
needed without putting too great or sudden a load
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397
on agricultural employers. I urge responsible
farm representatives to give serious thought to
how they may best participate. I earnestly invite
their constructive suggestions and proposals.
Second, I suggest the urgent need for reap
praisal of our foreign labor programs. These
programs will be in serious and growing jeopardy
as long as many people consider them a roadblock
in the way of progress for all American farm
workers who are underemployed and underpaid.
As I indicated earlier, reasonable men can now
point to many situations in which foreign worker
programs actually endanger the legitimate aspi
rations of American workers. Such a conclusion
is difficult to avoid where the use of foreign
workers has become the normal, not the excep
tional, practice. For instance, where needs are
predictable and the jobs last long enough to be
attractive to underemployed American workers,
there is no sound justification for long continued
use of foreign workers. In such situations, the
so-called “shortage” of domestic workers often
appears to result from an unwillingness to offer
the wages, the assurances, and the housing and
transportation arrangements needed to attract
and retain underemployed domestic farm workers.
The continued use of foreign labor in such a
manner supports the charges of those who would
abolish the use of any foreign labor, even for
legitimate emergency or peak needs. Here again,
the responsible farm employer recognizes that
his interest in an assured supply of foreign labor
for emergency use is jeopardized by widespread
misuse of these programs. But the individual
farm employer cannot long act in accordance
with this belief if he does not have reasonable
assurance that his neighbor will do likewise.
Such assurance must be provided.
The Department is now engaged in the devel
opment of additional standards governing em
ployment conditions and recruitment efforts.
These standards would have to be met before
foreign workers could be imported. It is im
portant that such standards be regarded as the
means of support or enforcement of the interests
of the farmers willing to act scrupulously in pro
moting the economic advancement of domestic
underemployed farm workers. Such standards
are the best way to control the misuse of foreign
worker programs; to get real preference to under-
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
398
employed domestic workers; and thus to prevent
a minority of growers from jeopardizing the longrange interests of all farm operators.
Such standards must, of course, be applicable
in all States. The States with a sound and far
sighted view of the employment of foreign workers
must not be penalized by competition of agricul
tural interests in States less scrupulous, less con
cerned with protecting domestic worker standards.
Third, the Department of Labor has also under
taken a careful reexamination of Public Law 78
[which provides for the bringing into this country
of Mexican nationals under contract to work in
agriculture] and of the problems that have devel
oped in its administration. I am hopeful that
out of this process will come constructive revisions
of the program when it is next considered by the
Congress—in 1960.
Here I would like to say a word concerning the
State Employment Security officers and personnel
who represent the operating arm of Government
in dealing with farm manpower. Their judg
ments are crucial. The Federal Government can
establish policies and standards—based largely
upon information and advice that comes from
them. I am fully aware that such policies and
standards have no meaning, however, aside from
their day-to-day application at the local and
State office level. I am gratified by what I have
learned of the vigor and deep concern with which
most employment service people deal with this
complex array of problems at the State and local
level.
*
*
*
The problem of farm labor in America is one of
the two or three most important and most difficult
manpower problems with which the Nation is con
fronted. It demands the persistent application
of the best minds that we can bring to bear on it.
We have reason to be pleased with the progress
that we have achieved during the last year. We
are going to move ahead.
The fact remains that some workers on some
American farms are living under conditions which
America will not long tolerate. I am gratified by
the indications that I have received that the
agricultural community is second to no segment
of America in its wish to make the farm worker in
America a greater participant in our advancing
economy.
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Union Wage Scales in
Building Trades, 1958
n io n
w ag e
sc a les
continued their upward
movement between July 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958,
to a new high for building-trades workers in cities
of 100,000 or more population. Construction
activity was at a relatively high level during the
year. Hourly wage rates rose an average of
15 cents, or 4.5 percent, in the 1-year period,
according to the 52d annual survey of union
scales in the building trades by the U.S. Depart
ment of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics.1
Nearly three-fourths of the 33 trades surveyed
showed average scale increases of 12 to 19 cents
during the year ending July 1, 1958.
Wage-rate adjustments resulting from labormanagement negotiations increased the pay scale
for nine-tenths of the union workers in the building
trades covered by the study. The advances
generally ranged from 10 to 25 cents an hour; for
1 of every 12 workers, however, the increase
amounted to 25 cents or more.
These widespread wage revisions raised the
average hourly wage scales to $3.34 for all buildingtrades workers—$3.54 for journeymen and $2.55
for helpers and laborers.2 On July 1, 1958, about
U
1 Union scales are the minimum wage scales (excluding holiday and vaca
tion payments made directly to the worker each pay period) or maximum
schedules of hours agreed upon through collective bargaining between trade
unions and employers. Rates in excess of the negotiated minimum, which
may be paid for special qualifications or other reasons, are not included.
The survey covered union scales in effect on July 1, 1958, for approximately
650,000 journeymen and 160,000 helpers and laborers in 52 cities with a popula
tion of 100,000 or more. Data were obtained primarily from local union
officials by mail questionnaire; in some instances, Bureau representatives
visited local union officials to obtain the desired information.
Mimeographed listings of union scales by trade are available for each city
included in the survey. The detailed findings of the study w ill be available
in Union Wages and Hours: Building Trades (forthcoming BLS Bull. 1245).
The current survey was designed to reflect union wage scales in the building
construction industry in all cities of 100,000 or more population. All cities
with 500,000 or more population were included, as were most cities in the
population group of 250,000 to 500,000. The cities in the 100,000 to 250,000
group selected for study were distributed widely throughout the United
States. The data for some of the cities included were weighted to compensate
for the other cities which were not surveyed. In order to provide appro
priate representation in the combination of data, each geographic region
and population group was considered separately when city weights were
assigned.
J Average hourly scales, designed to show current levels, are based on all
scales reported in effect on July 1, 1958. Individual scales are weighted by
the number of union members having each rate. These averages are not
designed for precise year-to-year comparisons because of fluctuations in
membership and in job classifications studied. Average cents-per-hour
and percent changes from July 1,1957, to July 1,1958, are based on comparable
quotations for the various occupational classifications in both periods
weighted by the membership reported in the current survey. The index
series, designed for trend purposes, is similarly constructed.
UNION SCALES IN CONSTRUCTION
54 percent of the journeymen had negotiated
scales ranging from $3.30 to $3.80 an hour, while
a similar proportion of helpers and laborers had
scales ranging from $2.30 to $2.80 an hour.
Straight-time workweeks averaged 39.3 hours
for all building-trades workers. The most com
mon schedule, 40 hours, prevailed for 88 percent
of the workers.
Health and insurance programs developed
through collective bargaining were reported for
slightly more than two-thirds of the workers.
Pension plan provisions were contained in labormanagement agreements applicable to a third of
the building tradesmen.
Wage Scale Changes, 1957-58
The 4.5-percent rise in union wage scales for
building-trades workers between July 1, 1957,
and July 1, 1958, advanced the Bureau’s index
of union hourly rates (1947-49 = 100) to 162.4
(table l).3 The rate of advance, which was
slightly below that registered in the preceding
12-month period, closely approximated the gain
recorded in the year ending July 1, 1956.
The increase reflected advances of 4.5 percent for
journeymen and of 4.9 percent for helpers and
laborers.
For the 24 journeymen trades studied, the
percentage increase varied from 2.9 for tile layers
to 6.5 for machinists. Increases of 4 to 5 percent
were recorded by nine of the trades, of 5 percent
or more by seven crafts, and of 3 to 4 percent
by seven others. Among the nine helper and
laborer groups, the scale advances ranged from
4.2 percent for tile layers' helpers and terrazzo
workers’ helpers to 5.4 percent for plumbers’
laborers. Building laborers’ scales registered a
rise of 5 percent.
Many of the union contracts in effect on July
1, 1958, were negotiated for 2 years—a few were
for a longer period. Contracts of more than a
year’s duration often contain provisions for
periodic increases. Even though individual con
tracts provided for increases at various stated
dates, only those rates that actually became
effective between July 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958,
were included in the current study. Some of
these scale revisions were provided for in con• For data as of July 1, 1857, see Union Wage Scales in Building Trades,
1857 (in M onthly Labor Review, February 1958, pp. 171-175).
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399
Table 1. Indexes o f union scales o f hourly w ages and
weekly hours in the building trades, selected years,
1907-58
[1947-49=100]
Hourly wage rates
Weekly hours
Date
All
trades
1907:
1913:
1918:
1919:
1920:
1921:
1922:
1926:
1931:
1933:
1939:
1940:
1941:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
1958:
M ay 15.............
M ay 15________
M ay 15________
M ay 15________
M ay 15________
M ay 15________
M ay 15________
M ay 15...............
M ay 15________
M ay 15________
June 1.......... ... .
June 1_________
June 1_________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1___ ______
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1__________
July 1........... .........
July 1__________
18.2
22.5
28.2
32.3
43.6
44.4
41.7
55.0
60.6
50.3
62.3
63.3
65.6
72.2
80.5
92.1
101.8
106.1
110.7
117.8
125.1
131.6
136.4
141.2
147.7
155.3
162.4
Jour Helpers
All
ney
and
trades
men laborers
Jour Helpers
ney
and
men laborers
19.0
23.5
29.3
33.4
44.7
45.6
42.9
56.6
62.4
51.9
63.8
64.7
67.0
73.0
80.9
92.3
101.7
106.0
110.5
117.4
124.6
130.7
135.4
140.0
146.2
153.6
160.5
122.6
116.8
115.0
114.6
114.1
114.0
114.1
114.0
107.4
105.1
99.0
99.0
99.5
101.2
100.1
99.9
100.0
100.1
100.2
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.0
14.5
16.9
22.7
26.2
38.1
38.4
35.0
45.2
49.4
40.3
53.2
54.3
56.9
67.0
77.9
91.1
102.6
106.4
112.2
119.9
127.7
136.5
142.4
148.5
157.4
166.6
174.7
124.1
118.0
116.1
115.5
115.0
114.9
114.9
114.8
108.4
106.1
99.9
99.8
100.2
101.1
100.1
100.0
100.0
100.1
100.2
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.0
129.6
121.5
119.5
118.4
117.6
117.6
117.3
117.0
111.1
108.1
102.7
102.1
102.4
100.8
100.1
100.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
tracts which became effective prior to July 1,
1957. A number of agreements negotiated during
the year contain provisions for rate increases
after July 1, 1958. Such deferred advances have
been excluded from the survey. Thus, the scale
changes presented herein do not reflect the total
wage scale changes negotiated in individual con
tracts during the 12 months of the survey.
In the year ending July 1, 1958, union workers
in the building trades in cities of 100,000 or more
population increased their average scale 15 cents
an hour. The rise was 1 cent less than that
recorded in the previous 12-month period; how
ever, it equaled or exceeded the advance registered
in any of the other yearly survey periods since
1948. The average scale for journeymen ad
vanced 15 cents while helpers’ and laborers’ scales
showed an upward adjustment of 12 cents.
On a regional basis, average scale advances for
journeymen ranged from 10% to 17 cents in all
regions except the Middle West and Pacific where
the increases were 18 and 18% cents, respectively.
In percentage terms, the increases varied from
3.6 in the Southeast to 5.6 in the Pacific region.
Helpers and laborers recorded their greatest gain
(15.4 cents or 6.5 percent) in the Middle West.
The advance varied from 9 to 14.8 cents an hour
in all other regions except the Southeast and
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
400
Table 2.
Average union hourly wage scales in the building
trades, by region,1 July 1, 1958
Region
United States__ ___ ______________
N ew England................................ - . M iddle Atlantic................... ..... ..........
Border States...
................... .......
Southeast................ . .
. . _____ -Great L a k e s ______________________
Middle W est................. ................ ...........
Southwest. _______________________
M ountain_________________________
P a c if ic ___________ _______________
All trades
Journey
men
Helpers and
laborers
$3.34
$3.54
$2. 55
3.16
3. 68
3.13
2. 80
3. 42
3.30
2. 85
3. 06
3. 34
3.40
3.89
3.42
3.08
3. 59
3. 48
3.19
3.31
3.48
2. 50
2. 89
2.14
1.69
2. 74
2. 51
1.70
2. 28
2. 73
1 The regions referred to in this study include: New England,—Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont;
Middle Atlantic—N ew Jersey, N ew York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—
Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West
Virginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Caro
lina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, M ich
igan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Mis
souri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Southzoest—Arkansas,
Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, N ew Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific—California, Nevada,
Oregon, and Washington.
Mountain regions. In these regions, the increases
were 5.7 and 7.5 cents, respectively, or about 3.5
percent for both.
Among the 24 journeymen trades surveyed,
advances in the average scale ranged from 10
cents for tile layers to 22 cents for machinists.
Scales increased an average of 21 cents for asbestos
workers and 19 cents for boilermakers, electricians,
and sheet-metal workers. Of the remaining 18
journeymen trades, 9 showed gains of either 14
or 15 cents. Average scale increases among the
9 helper and laborer classifications ranged from
10 to 13 cents an hour. This constituted the
narrowest range of average scale increases since
1947.
Pay scales were adjusted upward during the
year ending July 1, 1958, for 91 percent of all
union workers in building trades—92% percent
of the journeymen and 84% percent of the helpers
and laborers. At least seven of every eight
workers in 21 of the 33 trades studied were
affected by scale increases. Increases ranged from
10 to 25 cents an hour for approximately threefourths of the building-trades workers. The
most frequent advances were 15 and 20 cents an
hour. Each of these amounts affected approxi
mately a fifth of all building tradesmen, including
slightly more than a fifth of the journeymen and
about a tenth of the helpers and laborers. Scale
increases of 10 cents an hour were applicable to
one of every seven workers in the building-trades
industry (an eighth of the journeymen and a
fifth of the helpers and laborers).
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3
Although increases in terms of cents per hour
were larger for journeymen than for helpers and
laborers, the reverse was generally true when
the increases were expressed in percentage terms.
Scale increases of 6 percent or more were recorded
for 48 of every 100 workers in the nine helper
and laborer classifications, as compared with 31
of every 100 journeymen. Gains of 4 to 6 percent
were noted for four-tenths of the journeymen
and for almost three-tenths of the helpers and
laborers.
Current Hourly Wage Scales
Negotiated pay scales in effect on July 1, 1958,
varied widely for building-trades journeymen.
They ranged from $1.90 an hour for glaziers in
Richmond, Va., to $4.80 for crane operators on
steel erection work in Newark, N.J. Spray
painters in Boston, boilermakers in Newark,
stonemasons in New York City, and engineers on
some types of power equipment in Newark and
New York City had negotiated scales of at least
$4.60 an hour. Slightly more than half of the
journeymen had scales of $3.30 to $3.80 an hour.
An eighth had hourly scales of $3.80 to $4 and a
similar proportion had scales of $4 or more.
Scales of $4 or more were stipulated for 3 of every
10 lathers and plasterers, and for some workers
(generally 10 to 18 percent) in 19 other crafts.
Hourly rates of less than $2.60 were in effect for
7% percent or less of the workers in seven trades.
Journeymen as a group averaged $3.54 an hour
on July 1, 1958. Among the individual trades
studied, bricklayers, with an average scale of
$3.87 an hour, were highest, followed by stone
masons ($3.77) and plasterers ($3.75). Boiler
makers, lathers, pipefitters, and plumbers had
hourly scales averaging $3.70 or more. The lowest
average recorded was for glaziers—$3.22—but
paperhangers, composition roofers, and painters
also had average scales of less than $3.30 an hour.
Wage scales for helpers and laborers also showed
a wide variation—ranging from $1.20 for building
laborers in Jacksonville, Fla., to $3.85 for some of
the plasterers’ laborers in New York City. Hourly
scales of $2.30 to $2.80 were in effect for 11 of
every 20 helpers and laborers and of $2.80 to $3
for 1 of every 10 workers. Negotiated rates of
$3 or more affected about one of every seven
workers as did rates of less than $2 an hour.
UNION SCALES IN CONSTRUCTION
401
Union scales on July 1, 1958, averaged $2.55
an hour for all helpers and laborers combined and
by trade classification, from $2.19 for composition
roofers’ helpers to $2.89 for terrazzo workers’
helpers. Building laborers, the largest group
numerically, had rates averaging $2.47 an hour.
City and Regional Variations
Labor-management negotiations in the building
industry are generally conducted on a locality
basis. Pay scales for building-trades workers
are affected by such factors as variations in type
and amount of local building activity, the demand
for skilled construction workers, the extent of
unionization, and the general level of wages in
individual localities. These factors are reflected
in the relatively wide variations in negotiated
scales for individual crafts within a locality as
well as in the differences in rates among cities
and regions. For example, scales for bricklayers
ranged from $3.10 an hour in Charlotte, N.C., to
$4.35 in New York City. The range of rates
among the 24 journeymen crafts in 6 typical
cities are shown in the following tabulation:
Differences in—
City
Range of hourly wage
scales among crafts
Atlanta______________
Boston_______________
Chicago______________
D allas_______________
New York-----------------San Francisco-Oakland_______________
$2.
3.
3.
2.
3.
3.
Dollars
per hour
Percent
40-$3. 75$1. 35
004. 651.
504. 075.
503. 8751.
254. 601.
56
6555
57516
37555
3542
24- 4. 236. 996 31
For the helper and laborer classifications, the
difference between the lowest and highest scales
was smaller than for journeymen in each of the
above cities—ranging from 47 cents in Boston to
85 cents in New York.
The city and regional averages presented are
designed to show current levels of rates. They do
not measure differences in union scales of the
various crafts among areas. As previously indi
cated, scales for individual trades differ from one
city to another. The city and regional averages
are influenced not only by differences in rates
among cities and regions, but also by differences
in the proportion of organized workers in the
various crafts. For example, a particular craft or
classification may not be organized in some areas
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
or may be organized less intensively in some areas
than in others. In addition, certain types of work
are found in some areas but not in others or are
found to a greater extent in some areas than in
others. These differences are reflected in the
weighting of individual rates by the number of
union members at the rate. Therefore, even
though rates for all individual crafts in two areas
are identical, the average for all crafts combined
in each of the areas may differ.
Average hourly scales varied widely for both
journeymen and for helpers and laborers among
the 52 cities surveyed. Average scales for journey
men varied from $2.83 in Charlotte, N.C., to
$4.16 in Newark, N.J. In all other cities except
New York City ($4.04), journeymen scales aver
aged from $3.02 to $3.82 an hour. They ranged
from $3 to $3.25 in 12 cities, from $3.25 to $3.50
in 20 cities, and from $3.50 to $3.75 in 14 cities.
For helpers and laborers, average scales were
highest ($3.30) in New York City and lowest
($1.35) in Charlotte, N.C., and Jacksonville, Fla.
Averages of less than $2 an hour also prevailed in
10 other cities and in excess of $3 an hour in
2 others. Scales averaged from $2.25 to $2.50 in
14 cities, from $2.50 to $2.75 an hour in 15, and
from $2.75 to $3 in 6 cities.
When the cities are grouped by population size,
average hourly scales varied by the size of the
city. The group of cities with a million or more
population had scales averaging $3.75 for journey
men and $2.89 for helpers and laborers—46 and
62 cents higher, respectively, than those with
100,000 to 250,000 population, the smallest size
studied.
Within each population size grouping, average
hourly scales showed considerable variation for
both classifications of building-trades workers. The
range of average scales for helpers and laborers
was greater than for journeymen in each of the
city-size groupings. The difference between the
highest and lowest city averages was greatest in
the group of cities of 250,000 to 500,000 popula
tion—$1.05 for journeymen and $1.80 for helpers
and laborers. In the other size groupings, the
spread for helpers and laborers was nearly double
that for journeymen. For both classifications of
workers, there was an overlapping of average scales
among cities in different size groups. The average
scale for helpers and laborers in Peoria, 111.,
(100,000-250,000 population group) was higher
402
than the average for all but one city in each of
the other size groups.
Regionally, average hourly scales for union
building-trades workers in cities of 100,000 or more
population ranged from $3.68 in the Middle
Atlantic States to $2.80 in the Southeast. The
Great Lakes and Pacific regions, with averages of
$3.42 and $3.34, respectively, were the only other
regions to equal or exceed the national average.
In other regions, levels varied from $2.85 to $3.30
(table 2).
Journeymen scales averaged highest in the
Middle Atlantic States ($3.89), and lowest ($3.08)
in the Southeast. In the Middle Atlantic region,
seven trades registered average hourly scales of $4
or more and only two crafts had scales averaging
less than $3.50 an hour. Conversely, in the South
east, scales averaged in excess of $3.50 for two trades
and less than $3 for seven trades. Except for the
Middle Atlantic region, the highest trade average
in any region was $3.90 an hour. However, scales
averaged $3 or more for all trades in four regions,
for all but two trades in two others and for at least
two of every three trades in the remaining two
regions.
For the nine helper and laborer classifications,
hourly scales varied from $1.69 in the Southeast
to $2.89 in the Middle Atlantic States. Average
scales exceeded $2 an hour for all of the trades in
seven regions. Four of the trade groups in the
Middle Atlantic region and two of those in the
Pacific region averaged $3 or more an hour.
Standard Workweek
Relatively few union building-trades workers
were affected by changes in the negotiated stand
ard workweek between July 1, 1957, and July 1,
1958, even though there was a decline of one-tenth
of an hour in the average straight-time workweek.
On July 1, 1958, weekly standard hours averaged
39.3 for all building trades combined, 39.3 for
journeymen, and 39.6 for helpers and laborers.
< The prevalence of negotiated health, insurance, and pension programs
for contraction workers was first studied in July 1954. Information on these
plans was restricted to those financed entirely or in part by the employer.
Plans financed by workers through union dues or assessments were excluded
from the study. N o attem pt was made to secure information on the kind
and extent of benefits provided or on the cost of plans providing such benefits.
In the current study, however, information was obtained on the amount of
employer contribution in terms of cents per hour or percent of rate.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
The predominant standard workweek consisted
of 40 hours, and was in effect for 88 percent of all
building-trades workers studied. Weekly work
schedules of 35 hours were specified in labormanagement contracts applicable to a tenth of the
workers; such schedules affected about a fourth of
the painters and approximately a fifth of the brick
layers, bricklayers’ tenders, and mosaic and terrazzo workers and their helpers. Straight-time
schedules of 30 hours a week were in effect for 1
of every 9 electricians, 1 of every 5 plasterers, and
1 of every 11 plasterers’ laborers.
Insurance and Pension Plans
Negotiated health, insurance, and pension
programs covering workers in the construction
industry have increased in recent years, although
the development of such plans has perhaps been
less rapid than in industries where problems of
seasonal operations and casual employment are
not as widespread. Also, most of the constructiontrades unions have operated their own programs
providing members with one or more types of
benefits such as death, old-age, sickness, or
disability. The development of negotiated insur
ance and pension programs undoubtedly has been
affected by these factors. On July 1, 1958, about
seven-tenths of the building-trades workers were
covered by negotiated labor-management con
tracts providing for health or insurance plans,
and a third were covered by pension provisions
showing a slight increase over the previous year
in both types of programs.4
Of the workers provided health and insurance
protection, more than 95 percent were covered by
plans financed entirely by employer contributions.
Such plans were incorporated in labor-manage
ment contracts applicable to a majority of the
workers in many trades. Included among these
crafts were asbestos workers, boilermakers,
lathers, painters, pipefitters, plumbers, rodmen,
sheet-metal workers, and structural-iron workers.
Noncontributory pension plans affected ninetenths of the union workers covered by pension
provisions. These provisions occurred more fre
quently in labor-management contracts covering
electricians, than in those for any other trade.
— T ho m as C. M o b l e y
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
WORK INJURIES IN 1958
Preliminary Estimates
of Work Injuries in 1958
D i s a b l i n g j o b i n j u r i e s among American workers
declined to 1,810,000 during 1958, according to
preliminary estimates shown in the accompanying
table.1 This total, which was 4 percent below the
revised estimate of 1,890,000 for 1957, was the
lowest figure since 1939. From a high of 2,414,000
in 1943, the volume of work injuries has decreased
25 percent, despite a general upward trend in the
employed labor force.
Although the volume of injuries in 1958 reflected
a somewhat lower level of employment and a
shorter workweek than in 1957, the decrease in
injuries was proportionately greater than that in
employment, thus resulting in a somewhat lower
injury rate. Except for a few minor fluctuations,
the injury rate has declined gradually from 45.7
per 1,000 workers in 1943 to 29.4 in 1958—the
lowest on record.
Deaths due to work injuries dropped to 13,300
in 1958, the lowest total since such estimates were
first compiled in 1928.* The death rate in 1958
was 22 per 100,000 workers—a decline of almost
50 percent since 1937.
In addition to the deaths resulting from work
injuries in 1958, approximately 75,700 other
injuries resulted in some permanent physical im
pairment, ranging from the amputation or partial
loss of use of a finger or toe to complete inability of
the injured worker to engage in any future gainful
employment. In the majority of the injuries
(1,721,000) the worker was disabled for 1 full day
or more after the day of injury, but received no
permanent ill effects. These temporary disability
cases disabled the injured workers for an average
of 18 days.
Approximately 38 million man-days of disability
resulted from these work injuries during 1958.
This estimate includes the full days of disability
for temporary cases, but an estimate of only the
current losses resulting from the deaths and per
manent impairments. When the future effects of
these deaths and permanent impairments are
evaluated 3 and added to the immediate loss, the
total ultimately attributable to the 1958 injuries
will amount to approximately 160 million man-
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
403
days 4—equivalent to a year’s full-time employ
ment of about 515,000 workers.
The greatest decrease in the volume of injuries
occurred in manufacturing'—from 392,000 in 1957
to 343,000 in 1958, or about 13 percent. Although
this decline was due, in large part, to lower em
ployment and a shorter workweek, there was
also a decrease in the frequency of injuries. Pre
liminary compilations indicate that the average
injury-frequency rate for manufacturing in 1958
fell below the 1957 rate, which was the previous
all-time low.
Mining recorded the largest percentage decrease
(14 percent) in injuries over the year, but this was
due almost entirely to lower employment and
fewer hours worked. Preliminary reports to the
Bureau of Mines indicated a record low volume
of deaths in coal mines, despite three disastrous
explosions during 1958.
Injuries to workers in the transportation in
dustries decreased 5 percent—somewhat less than
did employment. In contract construction and
trade, however, the volume of injuries declined
more than employment, indicating a slight
improvement in the injury rate.
The only increase in the volume of injuries
between 1957 and 1958 occurred in the miscel
laneous group of industries (including finance,
i These estimates of work injuries were compiled by the U .S. Department
of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics in collaboration with the National
Safety Council. They are based upon all available data from various Federal
and State agencies and upon sample surveys in some industries. Data on the
exact distribution of cases by type of disability are not available for some
industries; in these, approximations of the breakdowns of cases have been
made for inclusion in the grand totals, but have not been shown in the accom
panying table for the individual industries. See footnotes to table for specific
sources and limitations.
A disabling work injury is any injury occurring in the course of, and arising
out of, employment which (a) results in death or in permanent physical
impairment or (b) makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties
of any regularly established job which is open and available to him, through
out the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any 1 or more days after
the day of injury (including Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns). The
term “ injury” includes occupational disease.
Estimates of work injuries derived from the U .S. National Health Surveys
are much broader than the concept of “ disabling” injury, as defined above,
as they include all persons suffering injuries involving 1 or more days of
“ restricted activity” or medical attention.
J Estimates of deaths due to work injuries compiled by the National Safety
Council date from 1928. The Bureau of Labor Statistics series began in 1936.
3 Each death and permanent impairment is assigned a standard timecharge, based on the average lost work-life expectancy or lost working
efficiency, as established in the scale presented in the American Standard
Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by
the American Standards Association in 1954.
* Time losses for temporary disabilities are figured in’terms of calendar days,
thus this total does not represent total workdays lost.
404
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
E s t i m a t e d n u m b e r o f d is a b lin g w o r k i n j u r i e s , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 1 9 5 4 - 5 8
All workers 1
Industry division and result of injury
Employees only
19582
1957 3
1956
1955
1954
1958 2
1957 3
1956
1955
1,810,000
1,890,000
1,950,000
1,930,000
1,850,000
1,370.000
1,450,000
1,510,000
1,480,000
1,400,000
Agriculture A . _____ ._ _____ ________
300,000
M ining* ..................... ............................
45, 000
Contract construction «_____________
187,000
Manufacturing 7_____________ _____
343,000
Transportation 8___________________
166,000
Public utilities 6____ _____ _________
14,000
________
Trade 6___ . ______
330,000
Finance, service, government, and
miscellaneous industries 8_________
425,000
Deaths 9_______ ____ _______ ______ ____
13,300
Agriculture 4______________________
3,300
Mining * ___________________ _____
700
Contract construction 9_____________
2,400
Manufacturing 7___________ ____ _
1,800
Transportation 8___________________
1,200
Public utilities 6___________________
200
T rad e6___ _____ . _ . . . ____ _
1,200
Finance, service, government, and
miscellaneous industries 8_________
2, 500
Permanent impairments 1011____ _____ _
75, 700
Contract construction 8____ ________
5,200
Manufacturing 7___ ____ ______ ____
20,900
______________
Trade 6_____ . .
7,300
Temporary-total disabilities 11__________ 1,721,000
Contract construction8____________
179,400
Manufacturing 7___________________
320,300
321, 500
Trade 6_________________ ______ ___
300,000
52,000
200,000
392,000
175,000
14, 000
340,000
300, 000
55,000
218,000
420,000
175.000
16,000
355,000
310,000
56,000
220,000
418,000
166,000
16,000
350,000
310,000
50,000
200,000
390,000
162,000
18,000
340,000
60,000
42,000
142.000
333,000
146,000
14,000
250,000
58, 000
49,000
155,000
382,000
155,000
14,000
260,000
58,000
52,000
173, 000
410,000
155,000
16,000
275,000
58,000
53,000
175,000
408,000
146,000
16,000
270,000
58,000
47,000
155, 000
380,000
142,000
18,000
260,000
417,000
14, 200
3,500
900
2, 500
2, 000
1,300
200
1,300
411,000
14,300
3,600
800
2,600
2,000
1,300
200
1,400
394,000
14,200
3,700
800
2,500
2,000
1,300
200
1,400
380, 000
14, 000
3,800
800
2,400
2,000
1,200
200
1,300
383,000
9, 700
1,000
600
1,900
1,700
1,100
200
900
377,000
10,400
1,000
800
2,000
1,900
1,200
200
1,000
371,000
10,400
1,000
700
2,100
1,900
1,200
200
1,100
354,000
10, 200
1,000
700
2,000
1,900
1,200
200
1,100
340,000
9,900
1,000
700
1,900
1,900
1,100
200
1,000
2,400
2,300
81,800
6,200
23,300
7,200
1,834,000
211,300
392, 700
341,400
2,300
75, 000
5,800
20, 400
6,800
1,761,000
191,800
367,600
331,900
2,300
2,300
64, 600
4,100
22,300
6,000
1,375,000
148,900
357,800
253,000
2,200
68,600
4,600
24,000
6,000
1,431, 000
166,300
384,100
267,900
2,100
64, 800
4, 700
22,800
5,400
1,405,000
168,300
383,300
263,500
Total disabling injuries________________
2, 500
80, 800
5, 600
22,800
7,800
1, 795,000
191,900
367,200
330,900
84, 700
6,100
24,500
7,800
1,851, 000
209,300
393, 500
345,800
59,300
3,700
20,400
5, 500
1,301,000
136,400
310,900
243,600
1954
2,100
58,100
4,100
19,900
5,000
1,332,000
149,000
358,200
254,000
1 Includes proprietors, self-employed, and unpaid family workers as well
as employees, but excludes domestic service workers.
2 Preliminary and subject to later revisions.
3 Revised.
4 The total number of work injuries in agriculture is based on cross-section
surveys by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1947 and 1948, with ad
justments for changes in employment. These are considered to be mini
mum figures; injuries experienced in performing chores are excluded; and
there are some indications of underreporting.
sjBased largely on data compiled by the U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines.
6 Based on a small sample survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
7 Based on a comprehensive survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
8 Based on small sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for
certain segments and on data compiled from other sources for other segments.
9 Based on sample surveys, as indicated by footnotes 4 to 8, and on vital
statistics reports.
10 Includes approximately 1,300 to 1,500 permanent-total impairments each
year.
71 Includes data for industries not shown separately.
service, and government). An increase of 5 per
cent in employment in State and local govern
ment was chiefly responsible for the rise. Em
ployment in finance and service was also slightly
higher, but the volume of injuries in these groups
increased less than did employment, resulting in
a slightly lower injury rate. Both employment
and the volume of injuries in the Federal service
decreased slightly.
The estimates of disabling work injuries in
agriculture were the same for 1958 and 1957—
300,000—but the number for employed workers
increased by 2,000. These figures reflect a slight
increase in employment of hired workers on farms,
but a decrease in the number of farm operators
and unpaid family workers, as reported by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Vital statistics
data, however, indicated a decrease of over 5
percent in farm work deaths.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
— R
o bert
S. B
a r k er
a n d
F
r a n c es
M.
S
m it h
Division of Industrial Hazards
FEDERAL LOAN INSURANCE AND HOUSING NEEDS
Federal Loan Insurance
and Housing Needs
T h e p r o p o r t i o n of family expenditure required
for housing expense tends, it has often been
observed, to increase as income declines.1 But
the Government housing programs have helped
to ease the cost of adequate housing for the many
families who have been able to purchase relatively
low-cost houses with the aid of FHA mortgage
insurance and VA home loan guaranties. Gen
erally, however, the Nation’s large group of lowincome families (under $3,000 a year) cannot
finance housing meeting a reasonable standard.
The expanded programs for governmental
assistance in housing production have been con
fined largely to public housing for low-income
families and aid to privately financed housing
through the Federal Housing Administration loaninsurance piogram and the veterans’ loan-guar
anty program. In 1956, approximately 17 per
cent of all new privately financed nonfarm housing
units started weie covered by FHA-insured
mortgages and 25 percent by VA-guaranteed
loans. These figures include both single-family
houses and apartments.
How effective is the present Federal loaninsurance program in supporting production of
housing meeting the needs of the population at
reasonable prices? In attempting to answer this
question, consideration must be given to the
selling prices of new houses; the extent to which
FHA-insured 2 or VA-guaranteed 3 loans are in
volved; and current family incomes.
Price Range, FHA and VA Buyers
About 980,000 privately financed one-family,
nonfarm houses were started in 1956. About 19
percent of these units were started under FHA
home mortgage programs, chiefly section 203. It
appears that the FHA program was most influen
tial in the price ranges from $7,000 to $20,000
(table 1). This is to be expected, because of the
limited need for financing assistance for the highpriced units, and the marginal character of many
properties valued at under $7,000 which disquali
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
405
fies them for assistance. The data suggest that
somewhat over one-fourth of the new units in the
$10,000 to $15,000 range were covered by FHAinsured loans.
Approximately 27 percent of the 980,000 new
privately financed 1-family dwellings started in
1956 were covered by VA-guaranteed loans. Twothirds of these loans were made on properties
valued at from $10,000 to $15,000. It can be
be seen from these figures that about two-thirds
of all one-family houses in this middle range were
financed with insured or guaranteed loans. Prop
erties in the price range from $7,000 to $10,000
accounted for only 10 percent of total production,
but over half of them were covered by insured or
guaranteed loans. It appears, therefore, that the
program was being applied effectively to relatively
low-cost housing to the extent that the builders
were offering properties in those price ranges.
Thus, 23 percent of the total units built were in
the $7,000 to $12,000 range, whereas that group
represented 36 percent of the FHA and 34 percent
of the VA loans.
1 This article originally appeared as part of a study on Housing Costs and
Fam ily Income, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the Sub
committee on Housing of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking and Cur
rency. For the full paper, see Study of Mortgage Credit, Committee Print,
85th Cong., 2d sess. (Washington, 1958), pp. 70-80.
2 The Federal Housing Administration, under the 1934 National Housing
Act, as amended (title II, sec. 203), insures mortgages on 1- to 4-family houses
which meet FH A minimum property standards relating to design, con
struction, and location. The mortgage on a single-family dwelling is limited
to $20,000. The chief credit requirements are (1) that the borrower must
have a good credit standing and the cash needed for downpayment and
closing charges, and (2) that the monthly payments under the mortgage w ill
bear a proper relation to his income and expenses.
The FH A does not make loans, plan, or build housing. For a full descrip
tion of the several FH A mortgage insurance programs (including aid to rental
projects, cooperative housing, etc.) under titles II and V III (as well as under
other titles) of the National Housing Act, see the following Federal Housing
Administration publications: This Is the FH A (FHA 2650, rev., 1957);
FH A Digest of Insurable Loans (1958); and FH A Facts for Home Buyers
(leaflet).
s The Veterans Administration, under the Servicemen’s Readjustment
Act of 1944, as amended, guarantees loans made to veterans for the purchase
or construction of homes. The guaranty is now limited to 60 percent of the
loan amount, but not over $7,500. For a loan to be guaranteed, the term is
limited to a maximum of 30 years and the interest rate to not more than 4%
percent per annum. (In small communities remote from metropolitan
centers where GI loan financing is not available from private lending sources,
veterans may apply to the VA for direct housing loans.) For a general de
scription of the loan guaranty program, see GI Loans: The First 10 Years
(VA Pamphlet 4A -11,1954).
The VA program is limited to veterans of World War II and Koreaveterans honorably discharged with 90 days’ active service or service-con
nected injury or disability. However, the VA program provides more
liberal loan ratios at lower interest rates, as compared with the FH A mortgage
insurance.
406
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Housing Expense and Family Incomes
Table 2.
Very few families with incomes under $3,000
bought homes under the FHA and VA programs
(table 2). Some, no doubt, were able to buy
bousing under conventional (nongovernmental)
financing arrangements. In addition, about 0.5
percent of the FHA loans on existing bouses were
made to buyers with under $3,000 income. Simi
larly, a small percentage of YA guaranteed loans
were probably made to low-income buyers of
existing homes, but the published reports do not
provide an exact figure.
The FHA and VA estimates of the ratio of
bousing expense to income are of interest because
they show the remarkably consistent pattern of
declining ratios of bousing costs as income rises.
The VA ratios are based on income after taxes,
and are therefore somewhat higher than the FHA
data. For comparison, the BLS estimates of
bousing expenditures as percentage of total ex
penditures derived from the 1950 consumption
study are also shown.
Older Householders
The age and occupational status of the lowincome families obviously have an important
bearing on their bousing problems. According
to the sample surveys of consumer finances con
ducted by the Federal Reserve Board, in about
one-balf of the urban families with incomes under
Table 1. Percentage distribution o f selling prices o f new
1-family houses, all units started and FHA-insured and
VA-guaranteed units, 1956
Price range
Less than $7,000........................... _
$7,000 to $9,999................................
$10,000 to $11,999............................
$12,000 to $14,999............................
$15,000 to $19,999............................
$20,000 and over.........................
Unknown____________________
Total units
b u ilt1
4
10
13
27
26
18
2
FHA-inVA-guaran
sured u n its3 teed u n its3
0
15
21
34
26
4
0
0
10
24
42
21
3
0
1 Units started in the first quarter of 1956.
3 N ew units purchased and financed. See text footnote 2.
3 N ew units financed through loans closed and guaranteed. See text
footnote 3.
, * Less than 0.5 percent.
Source: Total units, from Bureau of Labor Statistics report on Character
istics of New Housing, First Quarter 1956, Part I, p. 6; FH A data, derived
from 23d Annual Report, Federal Housing Administration, table III-45,
p. 69; VA data, compiled from various issues of Veterans Administration’s
monthly statistical summary reports—Trends in GI Home Loan A ctivity
for 1956.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Financial characteristics o f house purchase
transactions, 1956
Income class
Less than $2,000.
$2,000 to $2,999..
$3,000 to $3^999...
$4,000 to $4,999...
$5,000 to $5,999...
$6,000 to $6,999...
$7,000 to $9,999...
$10,000 and over.
Median incom e..
Percentage
distribution
of urban
families by
income 1
10.4
8.7
11.8
15.9
14.5
10.6
18.5
9.6
$5,221
Percentage dis Estimated an
nual housing
tribution of
houses by in expense4as per Housing
centage of an costs 3 as
come of pur
percentage
chaser 3
nual income
of annual
income
VA
after taxes
FH A
VA
FHA
1950
buyer buyer3 buyer buyer3
0
0.3
6.1
20.0
21.4
19.0
25.7
7.5
«5.8
31.8
28.0
17.1
13.5
3.8
7 32. 8
28.5
25.5
22.6
20.0
17.1
13.7
«31.6
27.6
24.0
20.9
17.7
13.8
41.1
34.1
27.9
24.3
24.4
21.5
17.0
15.8
1 Census Bureau estimates for urban families of 2 or more persons. The
FH A and VA estimates of house purchases by income of buyer do not con
form precisely to the income class limits used by the Census, but the data are
sufficiently similar to provide a valid indication of the extent to which families
in various income ranges benefit from the Federal program.
3 The buyers of FH A- or VA-insured units may be either single persons or
heads of families, but the number of single buyers is probably too small to
affect the data significantly.
* “Prior approval loans,” representing direct applications by individual
buyers of both new and existing houses. These make up about 75 percent of
the total VA activity in guaranteed loans.
4 Includes heat and utilities.
* Total homeowner disbursements for housing costs, including downpay
ments and principal payments, mortgage interest, taxes, insurance, mainte
nance and repair, heat, and utilities.
• Less than 0.05 percent.
3 Under $3,000.
• Under $3,600.
Source: Fam ily income, Income of Families and Persons in the United
States, 1956, Current Population Reports, Family Income, Series P-60, No.
27 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1958), table 1, p. 21; FH A data, derived from
Federal Housing Administration’s 23d Annual Report, 1956, table III-51,
p. 75, and table III-54, p. 79; VA data from Veterans Administration’s Loan
Guaranty Highlights, March 1958, p. 6; and housing costs, from Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Study of Consumer Expenditures, Incomes, and Savings
(Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 1956-57), Vol. X I, table 4, and
Vol. X V III, table 1-4.
$2,000 in 1954, the family head was 55 years of
age or older. About one-fourth of all family
heads in this income group were retired.4 Sur
veys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics have re
vealed a very high incidence of homeownership
among these older, low-income families. The per
cent of families of specified income levels reporting
expenditures on owned homes, by age of head, was
as follows:
Under $1,000____
_
_ .
$1,000 and under $2,000____. . .
$2,000 and under $3,000__ - . . .
65 to 65
years
Age of head
65 to 76
years
44
47
51
46
52
66
75 years
and over
47
58
73
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Study of Consumer Expendit res,
Incomes, and Savings (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 1956-57)
Vol. X V III, table 3-4, p. 29.
4
1955 Survey of Consumer Finances: The Financial Position of Consumers
(in Federal Reserve Bulletin, Washington, June 1955, table 1, p. 614); and
Characteristics of the Low-Income Population and Related Federal Pro
grams (Washington, U .S. Congress, Joint Committee on the Economic
Report, Subcommittee on Low-Income Families, 1955), Joint Committee
Print, 84th Cong., 1st sess., table 3, p. 25.
FED ERA L LOAN INSURANCE AND HOUSING N EED S
The explanation appears to lie in the fact that
these families have acquired homes at an earlier
stage in family life, when the family head, and
possibly other members of the family unit, were
earning relatively high incomes. In later years,
income has dropped but the family has been able
to retain its home, probably in many cases by
recourse to savings and other assets, the use of
which is not included in current income accounting.
Other Considerations
Aside from the special group of older families
in owned homes, however, there exists a sizable
number of low-income families whose housing re
quirements are probably not being adequately met
and who have no hope of acquiring adequate
shelter through normal channels. The size of
this problem is indicated by a Franklin D. Roose
velt Foundation unpublished study which esti
mated that “the economic resources of over 6
million urban consumer units were too limited to
provide an adequate level of living in 1950.” 6
* U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on the Economic Report, op. cit., p. 48
• See full text of paper for additional data bearing on these summary
statements.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
407
Some of the leading facts or conclusions, which
emerge from a review of present housing data and
programs in relation to family income and housing
needs,6 may be summarized briefly as follows: (1)
The proportion of family income spent for housing
tends to decrease as income rises. (2) Conversely,
the relative burden of housing costs increases when
the family’s income declines. (3) American fam
ilies have a strong urge toward house ownership.
While the costs of rental and owner-occupied
quarters of equivalent size and quality tend to be
about equal, the homeowners in any urban group
tend to spend more because they pay for better
housing. (4) The cost of housing varies signifi
cantly from place to place. It is the major factor
in the differences in the cost of living among cities.
(5) The costs of meeting acceptable housing stand
ards tend to be lower in the smaller than in the
larger cities. (6) Although the bulk of the housing
need can be met in the future, as in the past, by
private builders, operating for a profit, there re
mains a segment of the population with substand
ard incomes who will require special Government
assistance if they are to occupy housing meeting
reasonable standards.
—H. E. R i l e y
D ivision of Prices and Cost of Living
408
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , A PR IL 1959
Report of Federal Mediation and
Conciliation Service, 1958
E
N o t e .— This article was excerpted from
the Eleventh Annual Report of the Federal
Mediation and Conciliation Service for the
Fiscal Year 1958, published in 1959. For
easier reading, paraphrasing and paragraph
order as well as suspension marks to denote
unused portions of the report have not been
indicated.
d i t o r ’s
C o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g during fiscal 1958 sharply
reflected the impact of a shifting national economy.
The salient economic fact of the year was recession
coupled with a fairly steady climb in the cost of
living, and these economic factors had wide
implications for collective bargaining. In the
first part of the fiscal year, ambitious collective
bargaining programs were adopted by many of
the major unions, a number of which announced
that they were prepared to resort to economic
pressure if their objectives could not be achieved
through normal processes of collective bargaining.
A stormy year was predicted in the field of labormanagement relations.
Factors Affecting Collective Bargaining
Bargaining in the first part of the year was
vigorous and frequently resulted in substantial
economic gains for the unions involved, as manage
ment resistance to union demands was often
tempered by anticipated continued prosperity.
With the advent of the recession, however, a
reappraisal of positions by both management
and labor became imperative. The prospect
of narrower profit margins, increasing consumer
resistance to further price rises, and a consequent
highly competitive market led many employers
to resist further increases in both direct and
indirect costs. These mounting economic pres
sures compelled increasing attention on the part
of management to achieving greater flexibility
of work force and work assignments.
In many instances, the feasibility of subcon
tracting the manufacture of component parts
became a major managerial consideration. Many
multiplant companies established programs of
decentralization, transfer of obsolescent plants to
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new areas, and removal and consolidation of
processes and operations. These considerations
and programs were translated into meaningful
collective bargaining proposals and counterpro
posals. Aggressive resistance to any increase in
costs and to labor’s attempts to curtail freedom
of selectivity in layoffs, transfers, and work
assignments, even at the risk of a stoppage, was
characteristic of management’s attitude during
this period.
On the labor side, greater value was attached
to problems of job security. While an increase
in wages to keep pace with the rising cost of living
was still an objective, greater emphasis was
placed on maximum protection for employees
who might be affected by the threatened and, in
some cases, actual economic and technological
dislocation. Problems of seniority, subcontract
ing, broader supplementary unemployment ben
efits, and severance-pay plans, with all their
complexities, were brought sharply into focus at
the bargaining table.
Fiscal year 1958 witnessed a continuation in
the trend toward long-term contracts, with and
without reopening clauses. Management often
preferred contracts in excess of 1 year. Unions
sometimes accepted long-term contracts in order
to salvage other issues of importance to them.
The restlessness of skilled tradesmen who are
presently members of large industrial-type unions
was again apparent during the year. This took
the form of special attention given to the demands
of skilled workmen in contract negotiations and
the many requests by skilled industrial union
members for establishment of new bargaining
units composed of skilled members only. The
skilled craftsmen have for some time resented
what they deem to be a great emphasis placed by
some industrial unions on such issues as supple
mental unemployment benefits and other fringe
objectives. Many skilled workers feel that these
gains benefit them either slightly or not at all,
and believe they are obtained at the expense of
a loss in wages. Should there continue to be
pressure exerted by skilled workers for higher
wages, the long-term trend of diminishing occu
pational wage differentials may be reversed.
Strike activity, as measured in numbers of work
ers involved and total man-days of idleness,
reached a postwar low in fiscal year 1958, and
stoppages were of shorter duration, on the average,
FED ERA L MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE, 1958
than those occurring in most years since the war.
The cloudy economic outlook during the year
was probably the basic factor in reducing strikes.
The President had no occasion in fiscal 1958 to
utilize the emergency provisions of the Labor
Management Relations Act; nor did the Service,
during the same period, recommend than any
disputes be submitted to a Presidential fact
finding board as a means of resolving differences.
Analysis of Mediation Activity
In fiscal year 1958, the total Service case intake
increased by about 25,000 over the previous year
(table). The total number processed, including
those pending at the close of the previous fiscal
year, was 105,896 cases. Of these, 81,871 were
closed at the first administrative step through
consolidation with other cases or by rejection for
jurisdictional reasons. Another 3,746 cases in
volving questions of jurisdiction and need for
mediation were closed after initial inquiries by
mediators.
A total of 14,688 cases were closed after assign
ment for mediation during the year, and of these
6,031 (approximately the same as in fiscal year
1957) were closed after formal mediation activity.1
In fiscal year 1958, the fall months’ intake was
much greater than for the same period of the
previous year and there is some evidence that
contract negotiations are beginning to spread
through the year, rather than to be confined
largely to the spring months as in the past.
At the end of the fiscal year, 5,591 cases were
pending, a figure 2,148 cases higher than the
“pending” figure for fiscal year 1957. This heavy
backlog may reflect, in part, reluctance by many
of the disputants to complete negotiations before
the settlements in the automobile industry and
uncertainties on both sides owing to the business
recession.
The issues which appeared in cases serviced by
the agency’s mediators have, over the years,
shown wide variation, although “wages” has
invariably headed the list. (See chart.) In the
fiscal 1958 cases, the issues involved were very
1 Formal mediation includes those situations where the mediator contrib
utes to the settlement of a dispute through advice, consultation, arrangement
of meetings, or by actually participating in conferences with the parties.
Informal mediation refers to the mediator’s activity, after jurisdiction has
been accepted, of maintaining liaison between disputing parties without
actually participating in conferences.
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409
Frequency of Issues Appearing in Cases Closed After
Formal Mediation, Fiscal Year 1958
Wages
Vacations-Holidays
Duration of Contract
Pensions, Insurance,
Welfare
Hours and Overtime
Seniority
Union Security
Guarantees ^
Arbitration,
Grievance Procedure
Management
Prerogatives
Other Actual
Contract Issues
1/In clu de s a ll ty p e s of w e e k ly , m onthly, or
y e a r ly g u a ra n te e s of w a g e s or hours.
similar to those in the previous fiscal year, even
to the order of their frequency of occurrence.
Dealing with approximately the same number of
cases closed after formal mediation in both years,
Service mediators helped the parties resolve a
total of 19,162 issues in fiscal year 1957, and 19,144
in 1958. For 6,031 formally closed cases, this
comes to over three issues per case.
Preventive Mediation
Significantly, the number of formal preventive
mediation cases is decreasing. During the year,
59 cases of this type of preventive mediation were
reported. These were cases in which continuing
or intermittent meetings or programs were de
veloped by mediators to bring better under
standing and harmony between the parties.
The Service anticipates that, in the next year,
the “one-shot” or one-meeting type of preventive
mediation will increase. Mediators handled 36
situations on a one-shot basis last year. It was
found that one-meeting arrangements were more
adaptable to the needs of the parties as a flexible,
readily available means to work out some labor
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , A PR IL 1959
410
D isposition of ca ses processed by the Service during
fiscal years 1957 and 1958
Number of cases
Item
1957
Total cases processed__________________________________ 81,624
‘Received during fiscal y e a r ._______________________ 77, 973
Pending at close of previous fiscal vear______________
3,651
Total cases reviewed and closed without assignment to
mediator _________________________________________
Lack of jurisdiction_______________________________
Consolidated and other reasons_____________________
Total cases closed after initial inquiry by mediator_______
Lack of jurisdiction___ ____ ____________ _______ ____
N o need for mediation____ ________________________
Consolidated and other reasons_____________________
Total cases closed after mediation assign m ent.._________
Formal mediation_________________________________
Informal mediation________________________________
Other reasons_____________________________________
Total cases pending end of fiscal year___________________
57, 920
10.053
47, 867
6,950
1, 262
5,201
487
13,311
6,069
7,148
94
3,443
1958
105,896
102,453
3,443
81 871
10,329
71. 542
3, 746
1,363
1, 783
600
14, 688
6,031
8,545
112
6,591
difficulties. Of increasing importance will be the
type of activity involving the mediator’s informal,
day-to-day work with labor and management
representatives, and the providing of advice and
counsel to one side or both.
The Service is aware of the tendency toward
the growth of more unified and potent labor
councils and trade associations, particularly in
metropolitan centers and closely knit geographical
areas, and plans to give increasing attention to
such organizations in order to keep pace with new
problems resulting from their development, and
in order to continue to be ready to assist them in
forestalling disruptive issues.
Another method of assisting the parties to
recognize and solve their problems before they
become acute is relatively new. This is the “trade
contact” approach, or the procedure of making
regular and systematic contacts among the various
labor and management components of a particular
industry. The Service believes that this activity,
of which three cases were completed during the
year, is particularly meritorious as it provides it
with a current overall impression of the entire
labor relations scene in a particular industry.
This further affords the Service the opportunity
of making contact with key labor and manage
ment negotiators, and the chance to spot and
isolate potential trouble spots within an industry.
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Arbitration
Although arbitrators are being more frequently
selected directly by employers and union repre
sentatives without resort to nominating agencies,
such as the Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service, the number of requests to the Service for
panels of arbitrators continued to increase in the
fiscal year 1958. The 2,326 requests received
during the year constituted a 38.6-percent increase
over the preceding record year. The total of 1,755
arbitrator appointments made during the year
exceeds those of fiscal 1957 by nearly 500.
These increases in requests were, in part, at
least, due to the business recession. Seemingly,
union and management representatives give greater
consideration to arbitration in preference to a
strike when economic and competitive conditions
have made operational or administrative changes
necessary.
An increase was also noted in the number of
requests for more than one panel of arbitrators.
This may indicate that an agreement on an
arbitrator is becoming more difficult to obtain,
although requests for repeated panels could be
caused by reluctance to arbitrate a specific issue
or a failure to investigate or make sufficient inquiry
concerning the qualifications of the arbitrators on
the initial panel. Inadequate or ambiguous arbi
tration clauses may also be responsible for requests
for additional panels, as well as for delay in the
selection of an arbitrator.
In the 1,089 awards reported, a total of 1,302
issues were adjudicated. The 10 most frequently
adjudicated issues were:
Frequency of
occurrence
Disciplinary______________________________
Job classification and work assignment_____
Management rights_______________________
Overtime and hours_______________________
Seniority and demotion___________________
Seniority in promotion__________
Incentive rates—standards________________
Pay for time not worked_______________________
Vacation and holidays_________________________
Health and welfare____________________________
361
222
121
113
101
79
59
54
47
31
411
WAGE CHRONOLOGY—PACIFIC COAST SHIPBUILDING
Wage Chronology No. 21:
Pacific Coast Shipbuilding
Supplement No. 3—1954-58 1
M id -1954 n e g o t i a t i o n s between the Pacific Coast
shipbuilders and the Metal Trades Councils
(MTC), the United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America (CJA), and the Interna
tional Association of Machinists (IAM), resulted
in 1-year master contracts providing 6 cents an
hour general wage increases. The contracts were
made effective through June 30, 1955.
The 1955 and 1956 agreements were also for
1 year. They provided general wage increases of
7 and 18 cents an hour, respectively, effective
July 1, 1955, and July 1, 1956. In addition, the
1955 agreements liberalized vacation arrange
ments, and the 1956 agreements increased vaca
tion pay for employees with 15 or more years
of service.
In 1957, extended negotiations were concluded
in early August when the employers’ offer of a
wage increase of 15 cents an hour plus the estab
lishment of a fund to be used for paid holidays was
accepted by the three worker bargaining groups.
Previously, workers had received overtime rates
for work on specified holidays but were not paid
for holidays on which they did not work. The new
arrangement provided that the employers would
credit each employee with 5 cents for each hour
worked (roughly the equivalent of pay for five
holidays during the year). The money accumu
lated in the employee funds was to be used for
holiday pay, with any balance remaining at the
end of the year to be paid to the employees.
Agreements reached during the summer of 1958
resulted in 1-year contracts that called for an
11-cent-an-hour pay increase effective July 1,1958.
In addition, the settlements also increased the em
ployers’ payments into paid holiday funds to
7 cents an hour worked, and in the case of the
Machinists and Carpenters, also provided two
additional paid holidays, thus equaling the num
ber of days specified for workers represented by
the MTC. Beginning July 1, 1959, the em
ployers’ contributions to the health and welfare
funds are to be increased by 2% cents, to a total of
10 cents an hour.
The following tables bring the Pacific Coast
Shipbuilding chronology up to date through June
30, 1959, when the 1958 contracts expire.
1 For basic chronology and supplements, see M onthly Labor Review,
March 1952 (pp. 300-305), M ay 1953 (pp. 612-513), March 1954 (pp. 290-291),
or Wage Chronology Series 4, No. 21.
A—General Wage Changes
Effective date
July 1, 1954 (agreements of
same date— MTC and
IAM; and agreement of
June 30, 1954— CJA).
July 1, 1955 (agreements
dated May 21, 1955—
MTC and IAM; and
June 30, 1955— CJA).
July 1, 1956 (agreements
dated June 28, 1956—
MTC and IAM; and
June 30, 1956— CJA).
July 1, 1957 (agreements of
Aug. 7, 1957— MTC and
IAM; and June 30,
1957— CJA.).
July 1, 1958 (agreements of
same date— MTC and
IAM; and June 30,
1958— CJA).
Provision
6 cents an hour increase.. Additional increases for certain workers represented by MTC:
1 cent an hour for hysters and operators of tractors and
special equipment and 14 to 28 cents for other automotive
equipment operators,1 thus equalizing rates in these jobs
with the first-class mechanic rate; 9 cents an hour for work
on wooden vessels in Puget Sound area by all production,
repair, and maintenance employees.
7 cents an hour increase. _ Additional 1 cent an hour increase for following classifications
represented by MTC and working on wooden vessels in
Puget Sound area: blacksmith helpers, tank cleaners and
scalers, slab and flange helpers, and apprentice operating
engineers.
18 cents an hour increase. Except for above employees represented by MTC, who received
a 17 cent increase.
15 cents an hour increase. Additional increases: 10 cents an hour for loftsmen and layersout represented by MTC and CJA; 5 cents for production,
maintenance, and repair employees represented by MTC
and working on wooden vessels in Puget Sound area.
11 cents an hour increase. Not applicable to production, maintenance, and repair
employees, represented by MTC and working on wooden
vessels in Puget Sound area, who received 6 cents an hour
increase.
1 There had been no differential in rates for these occupations between
shipbuilding and ship repair prior to 1951, when the differential for other
jobs was eliminated; hence, workers in these occupations had received smaller
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Applications, exceptions, and other related matters
wage increases in that year than other shipbuilding employees. Differences
in the size of wage increases in 1954 for various automotive equipment oper
ators resulted from their combination into a single job classification.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
412
B—Basic Wage Rates for Selected Occupations at Pacific Coast New Construction and Repair Yards 1
Effective date
Occupation
Acetylene burners______________ _____________
___ _________
Blacksmiths, heavy forgers___
_____
Chippers and caulkers, steel____ _____
Drillers and reamers _____________ _________
Machinists (all classifications)_______ ______ __
Operating engineers:
Equipment 20 tons and over_ _ __ _______
Equipment under 20 tons. ___________
P a in te r s_______ _ _ ____________ ___ _
Riggers, loft; plate hangers; hook tenders; and
slingers__ ______ __ __________ _ __ _
R iv e te r s .___ __
_________________
.
Shipwrights, journeymen _____ - ____
Tool and die makers- _____
___ _______
Welders, acetylene and electric
_ ___________
Helpers, general _ ___
__
Laborers, production_______ ________________
July 1,
1953
July 1,
1954
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
July 1,
1955
July 1,
1956
July 1,
1957
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
$2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
47
80
47
47
47
62
95
62
62
62
July 1,
1958
$2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
73
06
73
73
73
22
55
22
22
22
$2. 29
2. 62
2. 29
2. 29
2. 29
2. 31
2. 16
2. 16
2. 37
2. 22
2. 22
2. 44
2. 29
2. 29
2. 62
2. 47
2. 47
2. 77
2. 62
2. 62
2. 88
2. 73
2. 73
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
2. 22
2. 22
2. 22
2. 59
2. 22
1. 92
1. 92
2. 29
2. 29
2. 29
2. 66
2. 29
1. 99
1. 99
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
16
49
16
16
16
16
16
16
53
16
86
86
1 For work on wooden vessels In the Puget Sound area by workers represented by the M T C , rates were 9 cents higher from July 1, 1954, through
47
47
47
84
47
17
17
62
62
62
99
62
32
32
73
73
73
10
73
43
43
June 30, 1957; from July 1, 1957, through June 30, 1958, rates were 14 cents
higher; beginning on July 1,1958, the differential again became 9 cents.
C—Related Wage Practices
Effective date
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Provision
Holiday Pay
July 1, 1957 (agreements
dated Aug. 7, 1957—
MTC and I AM; and
June 30, 1957— CJA).
Added: Employers to credit each employee
with 5 cents an hour for each hour worked
(including overtime hours) toward pay
for certain recognized holidays.
July 1, 1958 (agreements of
same date— MTC and
IAM; and June 30, 1958—
CJA).
Credit for paid holidays increased to 7 cents.
Added: 2 paid holidays (total 7)—IAM and
See footnote at end of table.
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Applicable to holidays falling or observed
during regular workweek or during vaca
tion period. Employee to be paid the sum
accruing to his credit but not to exceed 8
times his straight-time hourly base for each
holiday. Employee to be paid any balance
remaining on December 31 of any year or
any balance when he leaves the area, is
discharged, quits, or union makes written
request.
Applicable to all employees
except production, repair, and mainte
nance employees represented by MTC and
working on wooden vessels in Puget
Sound area.
Holidays to which this pay could apply were
Memorial Day, Labor Day, Veterans Day,
Thanksgiving, and Christmas, and, in the
case of the MTC, New Year’s Day and
Independence Day as well. No change in
number of days for which premium rates
applied to time worked.
Provision for crediting payment for holidays
extended to production, repair, and main
tenance employees represented by MTC
and working on wooden vessels in Puget
Sound area.
Holidays were Washington’s Birthday—
IAM and CJA, Fourth of July— CJA, and
day after Thanksgiving—IAM.
Day after Thanksgiving substituted for
Veterans Day— MTC and CJA; Washing
ton’s Birthday substituted for New Year’s
Day— MTC.___________________________
413
WAGE CHRONOLOGY—PACIFIC COAST SHIPBUILDING
C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Provision
Effective date
Paid Vacations
July 1, 1955 (agreements
dated May 21, 1955—
MTC and IAM; and June
30, 1955— CJ A).
July 1, 1956 (agreements
dated June 28, 1956—
MTC and I AM; and
June 30, 1956— CJ A).
Hours of work required to advance from
specified vacation to the next longer
vacation period reduced to 1,000.
Added: 6 percent of total annual hours
worked multiplied by straight-time rate
for employees with 15 years’ service.
Employee must have worked at least 1,000
hours in each of 15 years.
Travel Pay
July 1, 1957— MTC (agree
ment dated Aug. 7,1957).
Added: San Francisco Bay area only— Em
ployees required to report directly to job
site out of yard, to receive 45 minutes’
pay for each crossing of bay.
Employees required to use own car to be
paid a mileage rate of 10 cents per mile
from employer’s place of business to job
site and return, plus bridge tolls.
Tools and Equipment
July 1, 1954— CJA (agree
ment dated June 30,1954).
Changed: San Francisco Bay area only—
Payment in lieu of employer furnishing
hand tools designated as 7 cents an hour.
Practice existing since 1949 incorporated
into agreement.
Premium Pay for Dirty and Other Work
July 1, 1955— CJA (agree
ment 'dated June 30,
1955).
July 1, 1956— CJA (agree
ment dated June 30,1956).
Nov. 1, 1956— CJA
above agreement).
(by
Added: Hourly base of $2.75 for employees
required to do carpentry work on creosoted lumber.
Added: Hourly base of $3 in San Francisco
Bay area and $2.80 in Portland and
Seattle for work involving installation
and removal of Fiberglas, rockwool, and
similar insulating material.
Changed: Rate for work on Fiberglas, rock
wool, and similar insulating material, to
$2.93 in all areas.
Rate incorporated into wage-rate schedule.
Not applicable to jobs lasting no longer than
8 hours.
Rate incorporated into wage-rate schedule.
Health and Welfare Plan
Oct. 1, 1953 (MTC, I AM,
and CJA).
See fo o tn o te a t end o f tab le.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Noncontributory plans put into effect as
result of employer contributions of 7.5
cents an hour, provided under previous
agreements. Plans provided:
Life insurance— $2,750 in California; $1,000
in Oregon and Washington (MTC and
IAM only).
Accidental death and dismemberment— $500
to $1,000, depending upon extent of in
jury (MTC and IAM only,.
Hospitalization— Maximum of $14 a day
(MTC and IAM) and full cost of 3-bed
room (CJA), up to 70 days.
Ambulance fee— Up to $25 for services to or
from hospital (MTC and CJA only).
Plan excluded production, repair, and main
tenance workers represented by MTC and
working on wooden vessels in Puget Sound
area.
Eligibility determined each quarter, with
those working at least 300 hours in
calendar quarter being insured on first day
of subsequent calendar quarter (MTC
and IAM) and first day of second month
of following quarter (CJA).
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
414
C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Effective date
Provision
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Health and Welfare Plan— Continued
Oct. 1, 1953 (MTC, I AM,
and CJA)— Continued
Jan. 1, 1954 (MTC)
Special hospital expense— For charges other
than room and board, up to $280 plus 75
percent of the next $2,000 (MTC and
IAM). CJA— Use of operating and de
livery rooms; all X-ray examinations,
electrocardiograms, basal metabolism
tests, and laboratory examinations (when
consistent with diagnosis); surgical dress
ings, splints, and plaster casts; all drugs
and oxygen; physiotherapy and hydro
therapy; and anesthesia administered by
hospital employee (maximum $40 allow
ance if administered by physician).
Surgical benefits—Standard surgical sched
ule with a maximum of $300.
Additional accident benefit— Maximum of
$300 payable for expenses incurred within
3 months of an accident and not covered
by other provisions of plan.
Sickness and accident benefits—$30 a week
up to 26 weeks for any 1 disability1
caused by nonoccupational accident or
sickness; benefits for accidents began on
1st dav, and for sickness on 8th day
(MTC and IAM only).
Diagonslic X-ray and laboratory examina
tion— Up to $50 for any 1 illness or acci
dent (IAM) and up to $25 for all illnesses
in one year (CJA).
Medical expense benefits—$3 for hospital
visits; for office and home visits $3.50 and
$5, respectively, up to 100 visits in a year
(MTC and IAM) and $4 and $6, up to
$300 in year (CJA).
Poliomyelitis— Maximum of $5,000 (MTC
and IAM) and $3,500 (CJA) for actual
expenses incurred; 3-year time limit
(MTC).
Jan. 15, 1954 (CJA)
Jan. 1, 1955 (MTC)
Feb. 1, 1955 (CJA).
July 1, 1955 (IA M ).
Added: Dependents’ benefits as follows:
Hospitalization—Up to $14 a day for maxi
mum of 31 days.
In-hospital medical expense benefits— Maxi
mum of $3 a day for doctors’ visits, up to
31 days.
Ambulance fees, special hospital, surgical,
and poliomyelitis benefits— Identical to
employees’.
Added: Life insurance—$750.
Added: Dependents’ benefits, as follows:
Hospitalization— Up to $12 a day for maxi
mum of 31 days.
Special hospital expense—For charges other
than room and board, up to $240 plus 75
percent of next $2,000.
Surgical benefits— Up to $200.
Poliomyelitis— Maximum of $5,000 for
actual expense incurred.
See fo o tn o te a t end o f tab le.
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Not applicable to maternity cases.
Not applicable to visits for such purposes as
surgical or maternity care and adminis
tration of vaccines, etc., for immunization
against disease.
In lieu of all benefits that would otherwise
be payable under Group Medical Expense
Insurance policy.
Number of hours required to become insured
reduced to 250 in preceding quarter.
Employees working 200 but less than 300
hours in calendar quarter could continue
coverage by paying $8.52.
Number of hours required to become
insured reduced to 250 in preceding
quarter.
415
WAGE CHRONOLOGY— PACIFIC COAST SH IPBU ILDING
C—Related Wage Practices—Continued
Applications, exceptions, and other
related matters
Provision
Effective date
Health and Welfare Plan— Continued
N ot. 1, 1955 (C JA)________ Increased to: Life insurance— $1,000_______ Paym ent to maintain coverage for employees
working 200 but less than 300 hours
increased to $10.90.
Added: D ependents’ benefits, as follows:
In-hospital medical expense benefits— Maxi
mum of $3 a day for doctors’ visits, up to
70 days.
Hospitalization, ambulance fee, special hospi
tal, surgical, additional accident, and polio
myelitis benefits— Identical to em ployees’.
Employers to pay their 7.5 cent an hour
contribution for members of the plumbers
and pipefitters union into depository
agreed to by em ployers and th at union.
July 1, 1956 (agreement
dated June 28, 1956—
M TC).
Oct. 1, 1956 (M T C ).............
Increased to:
Hospitalization — For employees and de
pendents, to maximum of $15 a day.
Special hospital expense— For em ployees
and dependents, to maximum of $300
plus 75 percent of next $2,000.
Added: Additional accident benefit— Cov
erage for dependents.
Bellingham shipyards to pay $12.97 a m onth
for each em ployee working at least 80
hours in preceding month.
N ov. 1, 1956 (IAM ) _ _____
July 1,1959 (by agreements
of July 1, 1958— MTC
and IA M ; and June 30,
1958— CJA).
Number of hours required to become insured
reduced to 225 in preceding quarter.
Em ployer contribution
cents an hour.
increased
to
10
> Employees in California received State Unemployment Compensation D isability benefits only.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
416
Union Wage Scales in
Local City Trucking, 1958
A v e r a g e h o u r l y w a g e s c a l e s 1 of unionized
local motortruck drivers and helpers in cities of
100,000 or more population advanced 5.2 percent,
or 12 cents, between July 1, 1957, and July 1,
1958. Pay raises were reported for 85 percent of
the workers included in the 23d annual survey of
union scales in local trucking conducted by the
U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Wage increases varied from 10 to 15 cents an
hour 2 for three-eighths of the drivers and helpers,
and from 15 to 17% cents for an eighth. Ad
vances of 17% cents or more affected about a sixth
of the workers as did increases of less than 10
cents an hour.
Union hourly rates on July 1, 1958, averaged
$2.41 for drivers and helpers engaged in local city
trucking.3 For about two-fifths of the workers,
collective bargaining agreements stipulated pay
scales of $2.25 to $2.50. Hourly rates ranging
from $2.50 to $2.75 were in effect for approxi
mately a fourth of the workers, and of $2.75 or
more for a tenth.
Straight-time weekly work schedules continued
their trend towards a shorter workweek; they
averaged 40.3 hours on July 1, 1958. The pre
dominant schedule, 40 hours, was in effect for
nearly nine-tenths of the truckdrivers and their
helpers. One or more health and insurance
benefits were provided in labor-management
agreements covering nine-tenths of the workers.
Pension plan provisions were applicable to twothirds of the drivers and helpers.
Scale Changes, 1957-58
Pay scales of union motortruck drivers and
helpers rose an average of 5.2 percent during the
year ending July 1, 1958. This increase approx
imated the 5.4 and 4.9 percent gains recorded in
the two previous 12-month periods, and advanced
the Bureau’s index of union hourly rates for these
workers to 72.4 percent above the 1947-49 level
(table 1).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , APRIL 1959
Scales rose 5.2 percent for drivers and 5.5 per
cent for helpers during the survey year. How
ever, on a cents-per-hour basis, the drivers
advanced their average scale 12 cents and the
helpers, 11 cents.
Wage scale changes for local trucking workers
were achieved through negotiations on contract
expirations or reopenings. In recent years, there
has been a tendency to negotiate labor-manage
ment contracts of more than a year’s duration.
Of the contracts in effect July 1, 1958, many
were for 2 or 3 years, some for longer periods.
Multiyear contracts usually provide for wage
reopenings or for interim deferred increases.
Only those scale changes which actually became
effective between July 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958,
were included in the survey. Thus, the scale
changes presented in this report do not reflect
the total wage adjustments negotiated in indi
vidual contracts during the survey year.
1 Union scales are defined as the minimum wage scales or maximum sched
ules of hours agreed upon through collective bargaining between trade unions
and employers. Rates in excess of the negotiated minimum, which may be
paid for special qualifications or other reasons, are not included.
The information presented in this report was based on union scales in
effect on July 1, 1958, and covered approximately 265,000 drivers and 37,000
helpers in 52 cities with populations of 100,000 or more. Over-the-road
drivers and local city drivers paid on a mileage or commission basis were
excluded from the study. Data were obtained from local union officials
primarily by mail questionnaire; in some cjties, data were obtained from
regional or local officials of the union by representatives of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Forthcoming BLS Bull. 1246 contains detailed summary information.
Mimeographed listings of union scales are available for each city included
in the survey.
The current survey was designed to reflect union wage scales of local motor
truck drivers and helpers in all cities of 100,000 or more population. All
cities with 500,000 or more population were included, as were most cities in
the population group of 250,000 to 500,000. The cities in the 100,000 to 250,000
group selected for study were distributed w idely throughout the United
States. The data for some of the cities included in the study in the two
smaller size groups were weighted in order to compensate for cities which
were not surveyed. In order to provide appropriate representation in the
combination of data, each geographic region and population group was con
sidered separately when city weights were assigned.
3 For ease of reading in this and subsequent discussions of tabulations, the
limits of class intervals are designated as 3 to 5 percent, 6 to 9 cents, etc.,
instead of using the more precise terminology, 3 and under 5 percent, 6 and
under 9 cents, etc.
3 The averages computed on the basis of hourly scales are designed to show
current rate levels in effect on July 1, 1958. Individual scales are weighted
by the number of union members having each rate. These averages are not
designed for precise year-to-year comparisons (e.g., see Union Wage Scales in
Local City Trucking, July 1, 1957, in M onthly Labor Review, February
1958, pp. 167-170) because of fluctuations in membership and in classifications
studied. Average cents-per-hour and percent changes from July 1, 1957, to
July 1,1958, are based on comparable quotations for the various occupational
classifications in both periods, weighted by the membership reported for the
current survey. The index series, designed for trend purposes, is similarly
constructed.
UNION SCALES IN CITY TRUCKING
Wage adjustments during the year ending
July 1, 1958, resulted in scale advances for 85
percent of the organized local motortruck drivers
and for a similar proportion of the helpers. For
both of these classifications, pay raises ranged
from 10 to 17% cents an hour for half of the
workers; advances of 17% cents or more and those
of less than 10 cents were each applicable to
about a sixth of the workers. The increase most
often reported was 10 cents; approximately 15
percent of the drivers and 13 percent of the
helpers had their scales adjusted upward by this
amount. Percentage increases ranged from 4 to 8
percent for slightly more than half of the motor
truck drivers and their helpers. Advances of
8 to 10 percent affected a twelfth of the drivers
and a seventh of the helpers, and those of 10 or
more percent, a tenth of the workers in both
classifications.
On a regional basis, average scale advances
for local city truckdrivers varied from 8 to 14
cents in all regions except the Southeast and
Southwest. In these regions, the respective in
creases were 23 and 18 cents. The rate of gain
was 10.9 and 9.2 percent, respectively, in the
two southern regions, and from 3.5 to 6.1 percent
in the other regions. Among drivers’ helpers,
average hourly scales increased 17 cents in the
Middle West and Southwest regions, 13 cents in
the Southeast, and from 5 to 13 cents in the others.
The rate of advance ranged from 2.9 percent in
the Mountain States to 9 percent in the Southeast.
On a cents-per-hour basis, the increase was
greater for drivers than for helpers in all regions
except the Middle Atlantic and Middle West; in
percentage terms, however, the gain registered by
helpers exceeded that of drivers in five of nine
regions.
In each of the 52 cities studied, all or some of the
truckdrivers were affected by wage advances. The
increase in average scales varied widely among
individual cities, ranging from 33 cents in Jackson
ville, Fla., to 4 cents in Newark, N.J., and Salt
Lake City, Utah. Gains of 11 to 15 cents were
registered in a majority of the cities, and of 15 to
20 cents in 8 cities. Average scale advances
exceeded 22 cents in 6 others. Helpers had their
average rates increased by 11 to 15 cents in 19 of
the 49 cities studied for which data were available
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
417
Table 1. Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly
hours for motortruck drivers and helpers, 1936-58
[1947-49=100]
Drivers and
helpers
Drivers
Helpers
Date
1936:
1937:
1938:
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
1958:
M ay 15_________
M ay 15_________
June 1___ ____ . .
June 1---------June 1__ . . . . _
June 1__________
July 1___________
July 1___________
July 1___________
July 1 ...
___
July 1____ ____
July 1___________
July 1___________
July 1___________
July l . . .
____
July 1____ ______
July 1___________
July 1___________
July 1___
_ ___
July 1___________
July 1_______
July 1 ................
July 1 .....................
Wage
rates
Hours
Wage
rates
Hours
Wage
rates
50.6
53.9
55.9
57.1
!>8. 3
60.6
64.9
68.4
70.0
71.5
79.6
91.9
100.0
108.1
111.9
118.2
124.7
134.5
140.2
148.2
155.5
163.9
172.4
109.0
108.1
108.1
107.1
106.1
105.5
105.8
105.6
105.5
105.3
103.1
100.7
99.8
99.5
98.8
98.7
98.3
96.4
95.6
95.1
94.3
93.9
93.5
(>)
54.3
56.3
57.5
58.7
60.9
65.0
68.5
70.1
71.6
79.6
91.9
100.0
108.1
111.7
117.9
124.1
133.8
139.3
147.2
154.4
162.6
171.0
(‘1
108.4
108.4
107.5
106.6
105.9
106.0
105.8
105.7
105.4
103.3
100.6
99.9
99.5
98.9
98.8
98.4
96.5
95.8
95.3
94.5
94.2
93.8
(')
51.3
53.1
54.5
55.6
58.3
63. 4
67.0
69.1
70.7
79.3
90.9
100.7
108.4
113.2
119.6
127.7
137.9
145.0
153.4
161.8
171.2
180.6
Hours
0)
106.8
106.8
105.5
104.2
103.5
105.5
105.3
105.3
105.2
102.9
101.1
99.7
99.2
98.5
98.2
97.7
95.6
94.2
93.6
92.8
92.4
91.9
1 Information not computed separately in 1936.
for this occupational group. Advances of 15 to
20 cents were recorded in six cities, and of 20 cents
or more in four others. Helpers’ wage scales
remained at the July 1957 level in three cities—
Atlanta, Knoxville, and Salt Lake City.
On a percentage basis, the advance varied from
4 to 7 percent for drivers in three of every five cities
and for helpers in one of every two cities.
The increases in some of the cities were partly
attributable to provisions of contracts negotiated
on a broad regional basis for numerically important
groups of trucking workers. These contracts pro
vide for increases in rates and reductions in weekly
hours at stated intervals over a period of several
years, until previously determined rates and work
schedules are attained.
As a result of the widespread scale changes
during the year, union rates in effect on July 1,
1958, averaged $2.41 an hour for motortruck
drivers and helpers combined, $2.44 for drivers,
and $2.18 for helpers. (See table 2.) Labormanagement contracts stipulated rates of $2.25
to $2.50 for slightly more than two-fifths of the
drivers, and of $2.50 to $2.75 for almost threetenths. Hourly scales of at least $2.75 affected
slightly more than a tenth of the motortruck
operators, as did rates of $2 to $2.25 an hour.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , A PR IL 1959
418
Table 2. Average union hourly wage rates of motortruck
drivers and helpers, by region,1 July 1, 1958
Average rate per hour
Region
Drivers and
helpers
Drivers
Helpers
United States.............................................
$2.41
$2.44
$2.18
N ew England...........- ...............................
M iddle A tla n tic ...............................--Border States......... - .............. - ................
Southeast-------------------------------------Great L akes......... ..................- ................
Middle W est------------------------- -------Southwest------------------------------------M ountain__________________ ______
Pacific..........................................................
2.27
2.40
2.18
2.29
2.50
2.40
2.16
2.12
2. 53
2.31
2.45
2.22
2.31
2.52
2.41
2.18
2.16
2.55
2.11
2.15
2.02
1.61
2.32
2.29
2.05
1.85
2.35
i The regions used in this study include: New England—Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, N ew Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont;
Middle Atlantic—New Jersey. N ew York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—
Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West
Virginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Tennessee; Oreat Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Southwest—Arkansas, Louis
iana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
N ew Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific—California, Nevada, Oregon,
and Washington.
Negotiated scales for two-fifths of the helpers
ranged from $2 to $2.25 an hour and for almost
the same proportion, from $2.25 to $2.50. Payrates of less than $2 were in effect for almost a
sixth of the helpers.
City and Regional Scale Levels
Although broad regional agreements were nego
tiated for some types of local trucking, negotiations
for most of the labor-management contracts were
conducted on a locality basis. Wage scales, there
fore, varied widely among the individual cities.
Wage scales are also affected by size and type of
truck and the kind of commodities hauled within
individual cities. Because of varying classifica
tions and terminology used in individual cities, it
is impossible to present separate averages by type
of commodity, industry, or type and size of truck.
Hence, the city and regional averages shown in
this report relate to all drivers and/or helpers
combined.
Among the 52 cities studied, average hourly
scales for truckdrivers ranged from $2.64 in the
San Francisco-Oakland area to $1.91 in New
Orleans. Rates averaged $2.50 or more in 11
cities, from $2.25 to $2.50 in 30, from $2 to $2.25
in 8, and less than $2 in 3 cities. Scales for helpers
averaged highest in Pittsburgh ($2.46) and lowest
in Knoxville ($1.15). Average rates of $2.25 or
more prevailed in 19 of the 49 cities reporting
information for helpers, and varied from $2 to
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.25 in 18, and from $1.75 to $2 in 7 others. In
three of the remaining five cities, average rates
were less than $1.20 an hour.
When the cities were grouped according to
population size, the average scales for drivers and
helpers showed little variation. The average rate
for drivers in the large cities—with a million or
more population—was $2.51, 6 and 9 cents higher
than the levels for cities with a population of
500.000 to 1,000,000 and 250,000 to 500,000, re
spectively. The smallest city size group (100,000
to 250,000) averaged $2.33 an hour. For helpers,
average hourly rates were $2.21 in cities with
250.000 to 500,000 population, $2.16 in the largest
city size group, and $2.18 in the two other size
groups.
Within each population group, average hourly
rates for the individual cities varied widely. The
spread between the lowest and highest city aver
ages for drivers ranged from 73 cents in cities with
500.000 to 1,000,000 population to 20 cents in the
largest city size group. For helpers, the differences
in rates ranged from $1.29 in the smallest size
group, to 26 cents in the largest size group.
Overlapping of average scales existed among
cities in the various population groups for both
drivers and helpers. For example, the $2.55 aver
age scale for truckdrivers in Peoria, 111., in the
100.000 to 250,000 population group, and Seattle,
in the 250,000 to 500,000 group, was exceeded by
only three cities with populations of 500,000 or
more.
On a regional basis, scale averages for truckdrivers and helpers as a group varied from $2.53
in the Pacific region (3 cents more than in the
Great Lakes region) to $2.12 in the Mountain
region. The average for drivers ranged from $2.55
an hour in the Pacific region to $2.16 in the
Mountain region. The Great Lakes and Middle
Atlantic regions also had average scales in excess
of the $2.44 national level. For helpers, the
highest ($2.35) and the lowest ($1.61) levels were in
the Pacific and Southeast regions, respectively
(table 2).
Standard Workweek
Weekly work schedules at straight-time rates
were in effect for virtually all of the intracity truckdrivers and helpers in cities of 100,000 or more
population. On July 1, 1958, standard weekly
UNION SCALES IN CITY TRUCKING
schedules averaged 40.3 hours compared with 40.5
hours for the preceding July. The Bureau’s index
of union weekly hours continued its downward
trend and as of July 1, 1958, was 6.5 percent below
the 1947-49 level.
Almost 9 of every 10 motortrucking workers
were on a 40-hour schedule. Longer workweeks
were stipulated in labor-management agreements
for about 1 of every 12 truckdrivers and their
helpers.
* The prevalence of negotiated health, Insurance, and pension programs for
local motortruck drivers and helpers was first studied by the Bureau in July
19M. Information for these plans was restricted to those financed entirely by
the employer or jointly by the workers and employers. Plans financed by
workers through union dues or assessments were excluded from the study.
N o attempt was made to secure information on the kind and extent of benefits
provided or on expenditures for such benefits.
419
Pension Plans and Insurance
Provisions for one or more health and insurance
benefits were incorporated in collective bargaining
agreements covering 9 of every 10 drivers engaged
in local city trucking; pension plans were in effect
for 2 of every 3 drivers.4 Plans providing these
benefits were financed entirely by employers for
all but 5 percent of the workers covered by such
programs. The coverage of health and insurance
plans and pension programs increased by 3 and 12
percent, respectively, during the 12-month period.
— H e r b e r t S c h a ffer a n d J o h n F . L a c is k e y
D ivision of Wages and Industrial Relations
Professor Lawrence Stessin, whose paper before the 80th Annual
A M A Midwinter Personnel Conference is presented on page 878 of
this issue, asked his audience to consider the arbitrator’s dilemma
in the following discipline case:
A group of four employees were discharged—after two previous warnings—
for engaging in dice games. When they came to arbitration each man was
placed on the stand. The first one admitted being present but claimed that
he had taken up a collection for coffee for the group and was just on his way
out. The second maintained that he had just arrived—he was getting
ready to change clothes for the second shift—he never gambled—didn’t even
know the game of dice. The third with a look of innocence that might move
St. Peter himself, avowed that he never gambled, looked upon the practice
as a dastardly vice. Finally the arbitrator came to the fourth man. He
was the man who was caught with the dice in his hand.
“All these other men say they weren’t gambling—but you, weren’t you
caught with a pair of dice in your hand?”
“Yes, sir; I certainly was,” came the almost amiable reply.
The arbitrator followed up quickly, hoping now to get at the crux of this
situation. “Then you were gambling, weren’t you?”
The worker looked up startled. “Gambling,” he said with indignation,
“with whom?”
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*
Labor Relations
Minority Union Contract. The National Labor
Relations Board held 1 that a union unlawfully
restrained and coerced employees in violation of
section 8(b)(1)(A) of the Labor Management
Relations Act, and that the company unlawfully
assisted the union, by executing and maintaining
a collective bargaining agreement when the union
did not represent a majority of the employees
covered by the contract on the date of its execu
tion, although the contract contained no unionsecurity clause. The Board held that whether
the union and the company had a good-faith
belief that the union represented a majority of the
employees was irrelevant.
At a time when the union held authorization
cards from less than a majority of the employees
involved, it entered into a “memorandum of
understanding” with the company whereby the
company, which made no effort to check the
authorization cards against its payroll record,
recognized the union as the exclusive bargaining
representative of its “production and shipping
employees.” The formal collective bargaining
agreement subsequently entered into by the
parties embodied the terms of the “memorandum
of understanding.”
The Board held that the employees’ rights were
infringed by the union in violation of section
8(b) (1) (A) which makes it an unfair labor practice
for a union to restrain or coerce employees in the
rights guaranteed by section 7. The Board
reasoned that section 7, guaranteeing employees
the right to form, join, or assist labor organizations
of their own choosing as well as the right to refrain
from such activity, read with section 9(a), which
provides that the representative of a majority of
the employees in a unit shall be the exclusive
bargaining representative of all employees in that
unit, means that employees have “not only the
420
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
right to be represented only by a majority repre
sentative but also the right to bargain independ
ently and individually with their employer in
the absence of a majority representative.” Such
right the Board deemed infringed by the contract.
The Board found that the company violated
sections 8(a)(1) and (8)(a)(2) by recognizing and
contracting with a minority union. The Board
rejected as irrelevant the alleged good faith of the
company as well as of the union.
One member of the Board concurred with the
majority in holding that the company had vio
lated sections 8(a) (1) and (2), but dissented
insofar as the majority found that the union had
committed an unfair labor practice. In regard to
the company’s activity, the concurring member
stated that he was “satisfied that the principle of
law which requires an employer to assure itself
of a union’s majority status either through a
Board election or other competent evidence
before extending recognition is a sound one in the
field of labor-management relations.”
In disagreeing with the majority as to the
union’s activity, that member declared the major
ity’s conclusion to be an extension of a theory
repudiated by a Federal court of appeals 2 in re
versing the Board’s opinion in the Curtis case.3
The dissenter declared that in that case, the court,
consistent with legislative history revealing that
Congress intended the words “restrain or coerce”
in section 8(b)(1)(A) to be limited to actual
threats, intimidation of employees, and violence,
held that a strike for recognition by a minority
union did not violate that section. He stated
that in the Curtis case the union committed an
overt act in picketing with the intent to influence
employees not to work, whereas in this case the
company committed the overt act in extending
recognition to the union. Therefore, he indi
cated, to hold as the majority did—that the union
’Prepared in the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor. The
eases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant decisions
believed to be of special interest. No attempt has been made to reflect all
recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of labor law or
to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the existence of
local precedents, or a different approach by the courts to the issue presented.
1 Bernhard-Altmann Texas Corp. and Lovell; International Ladies’ Garment
Workers’ Union and Same; 122 N L R B No. 142 (Feb. 6, 1959).
2 Local 6S9, International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. N L R B (D.C. Cir.,
Nov. 26,1958). See M onthly Labor Review, February 1959, p. 174.
3 Local 6S9, International Brotherhood of Teamsters and Curtis Brothers, Inc.,
119 N L R B 232 (Oct. 30,1957).
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
would have had to refuse the company’s proffer
of recognition to avoid liability—went far
beyond the already repudiated board opinion in
Curtis.
The dissenter declared also: “In the instant case,
the employees were free at any time to petition
the Board for immediate decertification of the
union. The Board would then in its discretion
decide whether or not the contract barred an elec
tion. A decision that the contract operated as an
effective bar would, it is true, foreclose the holding
of an immediate election, but this restraint upon
the right of employees to quickly repudiate an un
wanted representative would be imposed not by
the statute, not by the union, but by the Board
itself.”
Discharged Employee’s Damage Rights. The New
York Court of Appeals held 4 that a discharged
employee was not entitled to recover damages from
his former employer in an action for the breach of
a “no discharge without cause” provision of a
collective bargaining agreement which also pro
vided for the submission of unsettled disputes to
arbitration, since the employee was bound by the
arbitration clause even though the union refused
to take his grievance to arbitration.
The employee in this case was discharged “for
cause.” Contending that the discharge was not
justified, the employee invoked the grievance pro
cedure outlined in the bargaining agreement. Al
though representatives of the company and union
discussed the discharge, the employee was not
reinstated. The union refused to pursue the right
to arbitration although it had been requested to
take such action by the employee.
The employee then sued the employer to obtain
damages for breach of the agreement. In defense,
the employer asserted that the employee’s hiring
was at will (subject to termination at any time
by either party without notice) and that the em
ployee was not a party to the union contract and
secured no right of action under it.
The employer’s motion that judgment be en
tered in his favor was denied by Special Term of
the New York Supreme Court. The Appellate
Division of the New York Supreme Court reversed
* Parker v. Borock (N .Y . Ct. App., Jan. 15,1959).
» Parker v. Borock, 150 N Y S 2d 396 (App. D iv., 2d D ept., 1956).
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that denial, reasoning that the employee failed to
establish that his individual hiring was for a defi
nite term and not a hiring at will. The Appellate
Division concluded that, therefore, the employee
was not entitled to recover for wrongful discharge.5
While affirming the Appellate Division, the
court of appeals declared that it disagreed with
that court as to the significance of the no discharge
without cause provision. The highest New York
court concluded that the employee was a direct
beneficiary of such provision which modified his
individual contract of employment. This pro
vision, the court stated, was not inserted to insure
the retention of union men by the company, since
that function was performed by a union-shop
provision.
However, the damages sought in this action
were disallowed by the court of appeals which
reasoned that the employee, as a member of the
union, was bound by the agreement which pro
vided that it would be binding on union members.
Finding that the employee could not avail him
self of the arbitration procedure since the agree
ment granted that right only to the union and the
employer, the court concluded that the employee
had entrusted his rights to his union representative
and was without any remedy against his employer.
One of the concurring judges declared that in
discharge cases, the “exclusive representative is in
the best position, after investigating the truth and
merits of the employee’s complaint and after
weighing the many factors involved, to determine
whether uniformity in the administration of the
agreement and protection of group interests of the
majority of employees require it to press or aban
don the case.” Therefore, he concluded that
where, as in this case, a collective bargaining
agreement contains provision for the submission
of unsettled disputes to arbitration “absent specific
language giving the employee the right to act on
his own behalf . . . the union alone has a right
to control the prosecution of discharge cases.” He
noted that the employee would have a remedy
against the union if it should unfairly discriminate
against him.
The other concurring judge declared that he
agreed with the Appellate Division that the clause
providing “no discharge without cause” was solely
for the benefit of the union. He stated that the
presence of a union-shop provision strengthened
422
the view that the no discharge without cause
provision was to implement the prevention of
antiunion activity.
That last judge declared, moreover, that if, as
the majority indicated, the employee had had an
individual right to term employment, the employee
would then have been entitled to intervene in any
arbitration proceeding instituted by the union or
to commence such a proceeding himself if the
union had refused to do so or, if he could not do
that, to sue the employer at law.
No Bias in Test Requirement jor Skilled Jobs. A
United States court of appeals held 6 that a con
tract, negotiated by the employer and an inte
grated union did not discriminate unfairly against
Negroes by requiring unskilled employees, all of
whom, prior to the new contract, were Negroes,
to take a reasonable qualifying test in order to
enter the line of progression for skilled jobs that
formerly had been closed to Negroes, and to enter
that line at the lowest job level.
Five Negro employees, members of the union,
sought damages from the union and company,
attacking the validity of the union agreement. A
Federal district court held the contract fair and
free from discrimination. The appellate court
affirmed the lower court’s decision, reasoning that
although a certified bargaining agent is under a
duty to represent all employees fairly, “the provi
sions of the collective bargaining agreement must
be relevant to the conditions of the particular
industry and company to which they are to be
applied” and that an agreement would be judicially
condemned only where there were discriminations
not based on such relevant differences.
The appellate court rejected the plaintiffs’ con
tention that they were discriminated against be
cause the incumbents in the line of skilled employ
ment were not required to take the test to remain
within the line or to be promoted. The court
reasoned that excluding “incumbents from the
tests was based not on race but on their having
already successfully passed screening and proba
tion at least equal to the test” and that the test
requirement is the minimum assurance the
company could have of efficient operation.
The court rejected also the objection made by
the plaintiffs to the provision that one who bids
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into a skilled job from an unskilled must start at
the bottom skilled job, although this may entail
a wage cut. The court stated: “Such a system
was conceived out of business necessity, not out of
racial discrimination. An employee without the
proper training and with no proof of potential
ability to rise higher cannot expect to start in
the middle of the ladder, regardless of plant
seniority. It would be unfair to the skilled, ex
perienced, and deserving employee to give a top
or middle job to an unqualified employee. It
would also destroy the whole system of lines of
progression to the detriment of efficient manage
ment and to the disadvantage of Negro as well as
white employees having a stake in orderly
promotion.”
Picketing at Common Situs. A United States court
of appeals held 7 that a union did not violate the
secondary boycott provisions of the LMRA by
picketing at a shipyard with signs explaining that
the union’s dispute was not with the shipyard but
with the lessee-operator of a vessel which was
at the shipyard for overhaul and repairs, even
though the shipyard employees refused to work
on the vessel but otherwise continued their normal
activities and notwithstanding evidence that the
union “hoped” that shipyard employees would
support the strike. The court held also that
continued picketing after the struck employer
removed all nonsupervisory employees from the
vessel was not violative of the secondary boycott
provisions.
In this case, a majority of the unlicensed per
sonnel aboard the ship struck, left the ship and
began to picket on the wharf immediately along
side. Upon protest by the shipyard against
picketing on its property, the union moved the
pickets to the outside and front of the shipyard
gates. The picketing was at all times peaceful.
The pickets carried signs which stated that the
union had no dispute with the shipyard. Two days
after the strike began, the employer of the strikers
removed all employees except supervisors from
the ship.
6 Whitfield v. United Steelworkers, Local 9708 (C.A. 5, Jan. 30, 1959).
1 Seafarers’ International Union, Atlantic & Oulf District v. N L R B (D.O,
Cir., Jan. 29,1959).
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
The NLRB held that the union, in picketing
after all employees except supervisors left the ship,
was in violations of sections 8(b)(4) (A) and (B),
secondary boycott provisions of the LMRA.
The court of appeals, in overruling the Board’s
decision, reasoned that the picket line when
established was legal in that it met all the criteria
set down in the Moore Dry Dock case 8 for deter
mining whether a union violates the LMRA when
it pickets on or at the premises of a secondary
employer, including the only disputed criterion—
whether the primary employer was engaged in
normal business at the situs of the picketing.
The court deemed overhauling and repairing the
ship such normal business.
The court then refused to conclude that the
employer had the power to transform a picket line
from a legal one to an illegal one merely by moving
his nonsupervisory employees away.
Declaring that a factor in determining whether
the secondary boycott provisions were violated
is the objective of the strike, the court indicated
that if the objective encompassed the primary
employer only, it was legal, but if its objective
was partly to influence the secondary employer
or its employees, it was illegal. The court ex
plained that the difference was in whether the
effect on the secondary’s employees was an
objective of the strike or merely an incident of it.
The court stated that all the concrete evidence
negatived an objective on the part of the union
to force or require the secondary employer to do
anything and there was no evidence that the
picketing union made contact with the union
representing the employees of the secondary
employer.
Noting that certain witnesses had testified that
the union “hoped” or “bad a hope” that the
employees of the secondary employer would
• When a secondary employer is harboring the situs of a dispute between
a union and a primary employer, “ the picketing of the premises of a secondary
employer is primary if it meets the following conditions: (a) the picketing is
strictly limited to times when the situs of dispute is located on the secondary
employer’s premises; (b) at the time of the picketing the primary employer
is engaged in its normal business at the situs; (c) the picketing is limited to
places reasonably close to the location of the situs; and (d) the picketing
discloses clearly that the dispute is with the primary employer.” In re
Sailors’ Union of the Pacific and Moore Dry Dock Co., 92 N L R B 547, 549 (1950).
• Kaiser v. United States (C.A. 7, Dec. 22, 1958).
w This section states: “ Gross income does not include the value of property
acquired by gift . . . ” 26 U.S.C.A. § 102(a) (1955).
1* 26 U .S.C .A . 5 61(a) (1955).
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423
support it in the strike, the court declared that
“hope and objective cannot be equated.”
Tax Status of Strike Benefits. A United States
court of appeals held 9 that strike benefits received
by an employee from the union he joined after
the strike began were tax-free gifts under section
102(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 10
and were not taxable as income under code section
61(a) 11 when the amount of the benefits was
based on the actual present need of the striker.
On April 5, 1954, in concert with fellow employ
ees, the plaintiff had gone out on strike. He was
not then a member of the union and did not apply
for membership until August 19, 1954. During
the strike, he received no benefits in cash, but
commencing May 4, 1954, he received from the
union maintenance assistance in the form of food,
clothing, and payments of rent on the house which
he occupied with his wife and two children. The
funds from which the strike benefits were, dis
tributed were derived from the local and the
international union and from contributions of
other unions, organizations, and individuals.
The basic condition for receiving strike assistance
was the actual present need of the individual
worker. By questionnaire, it was determined
whether he needed food, clothing, and shelter.
His personal need, his marital status, and the
number of his dependents entered into the
determination.
After the plaintiff filed with the District
Director of Internal Revenue an income tax
return showing wages received in 1954, the
Director, by audit, increased the adjusted gross
income by adding the value of the maintenance
assistance received by the plaintiff. The plaintiff
paid the tax as thus computed by the Director,
to the extent that it exceeded his wages withheld,
and sued for a refund.
The jury in a Federal district court found that
the strike benefits received by the plaintiff were
gifts. Subsequently, the trial court set aside the
verdict of the jury and entered a judgment for
the Government dismissing the complaint. The
trial court was of the view that the strike benefits
were available to the plaintiff pursuant to a moral
obligation of the international to its members and
that it exacted continued participation in the
424
strike by the plaintiff in return for the benefits
and that, therefore, such payments did not
constitute a gift but represented taxable income.12
In reversing the trial court, the court of appeals
declared that the union did not owe an obligation
to the plaintiff who was not a member for 4%
months after the strike began and that there was
testimony which the jury was entitled to believe
that it was discretionary with the union whether
any strike benefits were to be distributed.
In response to the second point of the district
court—that the union exacted for the payments
continued participation in the strike—the court
of appeals noted that the plaintiff’s strike benefits
valued at about $17 per week were completely
unrelated to his former earnings which netted him
$166 a week and declared that if the plaintiff,
while on strike, had found temporary employment
elsewhere, his strike benefits would have ceased.
The court of appeals stated that the same would
have been true if members of his family had found
employment, because the basic condition of receiv
ing benefits was the present need of the plaintiff.
13 Kaiser v. United States, 158 F. Supp. 865 (IJ.S.D.C. E .D . Wis., 1958).
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The appellate court stated that while it held that
the strike benefits received by the plaintiff under
the facts of this case were not taxable income, the
“question as to whether such benefits received
under other circumstances might constitute tax
able income is, of course, not presented on this
record.”
The dissenting judge agreed that the plaintiff
was given strike benefits only after he had shown
need of food, clothing, and shelter, but stated:
“However, his need was a secondary qualification
to which consideration was given only after he had
met the primary qualification, participation in the
strike. . . . Had he ceased to meet that primary
qualification, his benefits would have terminated
notwithstanding the extent of his personal need or
whether he was a member of the union or not. The
fact that these benefits were paid to members and
nonmembers alike emphasizes the real reason for
payment, namely, either class must be in necessi
tous circumstances, but, above all, must be on
strike.” The dissenter concluded that the strike
benefits constituted taxable income and not a
gift.
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
February 2, 1959
U.S. S e n a t e voted to continue for another year the
Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in the
Labor or Management Field, with an authorized expendi
ture of up to $750,000.
T he
February 3
A c t i n g u n d e r the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act,
the Secretary of Labor announced the first prevailing
minimum wage determination for the flour and related
products industry. The rate of $1.30 an hour will apply
to all Government contracts in excess of $10,000 concluded
on or after March 5, 1959.
A F e d e r a l d i s t r i c t c o u r t in Washington ordered ac
quittal of Clyde Crosby, a Teamster organizer, charged
with false testimony before the Senate Select Committee
on Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field.
On February 17, in a similar case, a Federal district
judge in Washington, D.C., ordered a jury to acquit
James G. Cross, president of the Bakery and Confectionery
Workers (Ind.), of a charge that he lied to the same com
mittee (see Chron. item for Oct. 6, 1958, MLR, Dec.
1958). (See also p. 430 of this issue.)
February 7
A 6 }£ - d a y s t r i k e of 4,000 tugboat workers in New York
harbor ended as Local 333 of the National Maritime Union
ratified a wage settlement with the Marine Towing and
Transportation Employers Association representing 9 3
employers. The agreement, reached under a reopening
clause of the 4-year contract, called for across-the-board
hourly wage increases of 20 cents effective February 1 and
another 10 cents a year later.
February 9
S u p p l e m e n t i n g his memorandum opinion of last Decem
ber (see Chron. item for Dec. 11, 1958, MLR, Feb. 1959),
Federal Judge F. Dickinson Letts signed an order directing
the union to obey the monitors’ ‘'orders of recommenda
tion,” making the next Teamsters convention contingent
on the monitors’ recommendation with court approval,
and ordering the union to take certain other actions con
sistent with original consent decree.
A few days earlier the Federal court of appeals in Wash
ington, D.C., had dismissed a suit by two rank-and-file
Teamsters to have the monitorship lifted.
T h e f e d e r a l court of appeals in Chicago ruled that an
employer did not violate the Taft-Hartley Act in suspend
ing employees who, in defiance of a company rule and dur
ing working hours, displayed on various items of their
personal property, signs bearing the date of a scheduled
strike. Setting aside a NLRB order, the court said that
such a display amounted to taunting the employer and
was ‘‘unworthy of wholesome unionism.” The case was
N LRB v. Murphy Diesel Co.
February 11
T he
Air Line Pilots Association reached an 18-month
agreement with the Pan American World Airways,
reportedly providing for top pay, retroactive to January
1, of $33,000 a year for jet pilots flying 85 hours a month
and about $29,000 for those putting in 80 hours a month.
T h e United Glass and Ceramic Workers Union and the
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. signed a memorandum of
agreement ending a 4-month strike of 13,000 workers.
The terms included wage increases of 8 to 12 cents an hour
(repeated after a year) and a 25-percent increase in pension
benefits (10 percent for those now retired). Unresolved
issues such as work assignments and procedures for setting
incentive pay, responsible for the delay in settlement, will
be submitted to arbitration. (See also p. 428 of this issue.)
February 6
February 13
T h e NLRB ruled that an employer and a union which
maintained a collective bargaining contract executed
when the union did not represent a majority of employees
violated the employees’ statutory rights to choose their
own bargaining representative or to bargain individually
in the absence of a majority representative, even though
the contract did not contain a union shop clause. (See
also p. 420 of this issue.) The case was Bernhard-Altmann
Texas Corp. and Lovell; International Ladies’ Garment
Workers and Same.
NLRB r u l e d that local unions unlawfully refused to
bargain with an employers’ association and unlawfully
coerced it in the selection of its bargaining representative
when they refused to deal with the association’s repre
sentative who was a former agent of the union. The
Board stated that the locals failed to prove that it would
be detrimental to their interests to deal with the union’s
ex-official. The case was International Ladies’ Garment
Workers, Northeast Department and Slate Belt Apparel
Contractors’ Association, Inc.
425
February 4
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
426
February 13
A w a g e i n c r e a s e for 20,000 nonunion employees o f
Cannon Mills Co. in Kannapolis, N.C., went into effect,
beginning a series of wage boosts for southern textile
workers—the first since the fall of 1956. (See also p. 428
of this issue.)
February 19
A F e d e r a l c o u r t j u r y in Tacoma, Wash., found Dave
Beck, former president of the Teamsters, guilty of evading
payment of $240,000 in income taxes for the years 1950
to 1953. (See Chron. item for Dec. 14, 1957, MLR,
Feb. 1958.) He was subsequently sentenced to a prison
term of 5 years and a fine of $60,000. (See also p. 430 of
this issue.)
February 20
T h e F e d e r a l c o u r t o f a p p e a l s in Denver, Colo., upheld
an NLRB decision that a newly certified union which
delayed signing a collective bargaining contract until about
80 percent of employees had joined the union and signed
dues-checkoff authorizations violated the Taft-Hartley Act
by coercively withholding contractual benefits from the
employees. The case was N L R B v. General Drivers,
Chauffeurs and Helpers, Local 886, IB T .
February 24
AFL-CIO Executive Council ended its 9-day meeting
in San Juan, P.R., during which its important actions
included authorization to charter a federal labor union in
Puerto Rico to organize truckdrivers and warehousemen
and a call to AFL-CIO affiliates to expand their organizing
efforts in Puerto Rico; a statement urging substantial
wage ¿increases in this year’s bargaining; adoption of a
T he
legislative program on unemployment (to be dramatized
by a mass conference in Washington, scheduled for April);
labor reform—emphasizing that it will withdraw its sup
port of the Kennedy-Ervin bill if certain Taft-Hartley
amendments are dropped, and amendment of the Fair
Labor Standards Act to provide a 35-hour workweek,
$1.25 an hour minimum wage, and coverage of additional
groups of workers; and a resolution calling for labor
representation on the advisory council of the Federal
Reserve Board, as well as in its regional subsidiaries and
the Federal Open Market Committee. (See also p. 427
of this issue.)
T h r e e f o r m e r top officials of the Operating Engineers
Local 3 in San Francisco, Patrick W. Clancy, Porter E.
Vandewark, and Clarence Matthews, were convicted on
charges of stealing close to $19,000 of union funds. Their
prosecution resulted from hearings of the Senate Select
Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor or Man
agement Field, in early 1958 (see MLR, Mar. 1958, p. 3011.
February 25
A r e t r e s e n t a t i o n e l e c t i o n by the Pan American World
Airways’ stock clerks resulted in the Teamsters (Ind.)
winning over the Machinists, by more than two to one.
Over one-third of the clerks involved are employed by the
company at the Air Force guided missile center at Cape
Canaveral, Fla.
T h e NLRB condemned as “outrageous” the conduct of
two rival Electrical Workers and Communications Workers
locals which paid employees to attend preelection rallies.
The Board held that, regardless of whether the payments
were contingent upon voting for any particular union,
both unions so lowered the standards of election conduct
as to necessitate a new election. The case was Teletvue
Corp. and International Association of Machinists.
Union Conventions, M ay 16 to June 15, 1959
June 4 .
O rg a n iza tio n
American Flint Glass Workers’ Union_____________
Insurance Agents International Union____________
International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Engravers’ Union of North America.
National Marine Engineers’ Beneficial Association. _
Seafarers’ International Union of North America__
Aluminum Workers International Union__________
United Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers International Union.
Upholsterers’ International Union of North America.
June
June
June
June
Switchmen’s Union of North America_____________
American Federation of Musicians________________
International Glass Workers’ Union of America____
Office Employes’ International Union_____________
D a te
May 18
May 18
May 18
May
May
May
June
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
20
24
25
1_
8_
15
15
15
Place
New York, N.Y.
Miami Beach, Fla.
Washington, D.C.
Miami Beach, Fla.
Montreal, Canada.
St. Louis, Mo.
New York, N.Y.
San Francisco,
Calif.
Buffalo, N.Y.
Seattle, Wash.
Milwaukee, Wis.
Montreal, Canada.
Developments in
Industrial Relations*
Meetings and Hearings
AFL-CIO Executive Council. The AFL-CIO
Executive Council met in San Juan, Puerto Rico,
February 16 to 24. One of the major items on its
agenda was the question of appropriate economic
policy to speed recovery and reduce the current
level of unemployment. Towards this end, the
Council put forth several suggestions.
In contrast to President Eisenhower’s plea for
wage restraint as one method of warding off
inflation, the Executive Council called for higher
wages to stimulate economic growth and reduce
unemployment, decrying a “blind insistence on
budget balancing” at the expense of full employ
ment and full production. George Meany, presi
dent of the AFL-CIO, warned that unless the
economy grows by at least 5 percent annually
“we are definitely headed toward an economic
collapse.”
In addition, the federation’s policymaking
board also voted to seek legislation making a
35-hour workweek mandatory for an estimated
24 million workers covered by the Fair Labor
Standards Act to help offset the effects of auto
mation. The Executive Council also announced
that it would seek representation for labor, con
sumers, and small business on the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve Board and in
each of the 12 district Federal Reserve Banks.
The purpose in seeking such representation, it
said, was to convert the Federal Reserve into “a
public system representative of American life.”
Earlier in the month, Walter P. Reuther, presi
dent of the United Automobile Workers as well as
an Executive Council member, declared that one
way to dramatize the unemployment problem
would be to organize a march on Washington by
jobless workers. Mr. Reuther’s suggestion, how
ever, was apparently not acceptable to the
Council; instead, a compromise agreement was
reached to hold a mass meeting in Washington in
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
April 1959 including delegations of unemployed
workers. Mr. Reuther was named chairman of a
four-man committee to set up the meeting.
Mr. Meany added, however, that he would preside
over the meeting himself and emphasized that
“this is an unemployment conference and not a
march on anyone.”
A decision was put off in the case of Carpenters’
President Maurice A. Hutcheson, who had
previously been called by the Council to answer
questions on his appearances before investigat
ing committees of the U.S. Senate. A letter from
Mr. Hutcheson reportedly assured the Council
that he was not involved in any misuse of union
funds and that the Carpenters would abide by
the AFL-CIO Ethical Practices Code. Some
members of the Executive Council, however, were
apparently dissatisfied with this explanation. It
should be noted that the Carpenters’ convention
last November 1 authorized the union’s executive
board, at its discretion, to withdraw from the
AFL-CIO over longstanding disputes concerning
jurisdiction policies.
The problem of craft versus industrial jurisdic
tion—specifically, a charge before the Council by
the Steelworkers and the Industrial Union De
partment accusing the Metal Trades Department
with exceeding its jurisdiction by allegedly organ
izing plants in competition with the industrial
unions—was also put aside. Mr. Meany said
he would try to resolve differences in the separate
reports filed by a two-man committee appointed
to recommend a solution of this problem and report
to the next Council meeting.
The Executive Council considered the petition
of the International Longshoremen’s Association
for readmission to the AFL-CIO,2 and set up a
four-man committee to study the extent of the
union’s efforts to rid itself of gangster influence.
The ILA’s letter of petition cited rises in the
average wage of longshoremen, establishment of
welfare and pension plans, a comprehensive
seniority system to eliminate favoritism, and other
items as evidence of cleanup action. Captain
William V. Bradley, president of the ILA, ex
pressed confidence that upon review of the union’s
•Prepared in the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, on the basis of currently available published material.
1 See M onthly Labor Review, January 1959, p. 67.
s The ILA was expelled from the AFL in 1953 on charges of gangster
infiltration.
427
428
reentry bid, the committee would conclude “that
our application for readmission to the AFL-CIO
should be granted.”
In what appeared to be a break in the Federa
tion’s policy of avoiding direct competition with
the ousted Teamsters union, the council announced
authorization of a direct charter for a local to
organize truckdrivers, warehousemen, and other
workers in Puerto Rico. However, Joseph M.
Curran, president of the National Maritime
Union, demurred from the Council’s resolution,
declaring that this action was liable to trigger off
retaliatory Teamster raids on AFL-CIO affiliates
throughout the United States.
Teamsters. The Teamsters executive board, hold
ing a quarterly meeting in Miami Beach, Fla., at
about the same time, almost immediately ap
proved a motion to “spend all the money necessary
to organize the workers of Puerto Rico, and to
hire additional organizers, if necessary.” Al
though Teamster President James R. Hoffa stated
that his union would “accept the challenge,” he
said that he did not expect the contest to spread
to the mainland.
In January, the Teamsters defeated the Brewery
Workers in a representation election at a Tampa,
Fla., brewery. On February 25, the Teamsters
won an election of about 850 stock clerk employees
of Pan American World Airways, defeating the
AFL-CIO International Association of Machinists
by more than two to one. In addition, President
Hoffa reported that the Teamsters would move
into the airfreight industry because lower air
freight charges have made that industry com
petitive with truck shipping. He said that some
of the new cargo planes were reportedly able to
carry freight at 3.5 cents a ton-mile, in which case,
he declared, “We’ve got competition and if it
competes with trucks we’ll have to organize the
industry.”
Plans for extending the union’s jurisdiction to
the oil refining industry were also underway as
Mr. Hoffa met in early March with representatives
of two independent local unions representing
about 8,600 workers at Louisiana and Texas
plants of Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey.
In a special report by Teamster SecretaryTreasurer John F. English, it was announced that
during 1958 the union had paid out almost
$400,000 in legal fees and expenses plus an addi
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
tional approximate $100,000 in fees and expenses
for the union’s board of monitors, set up by court
order in January 1958.3 In total, the union
reported an opeiating deficit of about $362,000.
Wage Developments and Collective Bargaining
Southern Textiles and Furniture. A wage increase
for an estimated 300,000 southern textile workers,
the first general advance since the fall of 1956,
developed in February with the announcement by
several firms of plans for increasing pay scales
effective in mid-February. Firms reporting wage
increases included the Cannon Mills Co., M.
Lowenstein & Sons, Inc., and J. P. Stevens & Co.
Inc. The precise amounts of the increases are
not clear. Dan River Mills, Inc., the largest
organized textile mill in the industry, also an
nounced plans for pay adjustments. The Na
tion’s largest textile company, Burlington In
dustries, Inc., said that it would pay wages in line
with those of its competitors in the various fields
in which it operates.
Two major carpet manufacturers also reported
pay raises for their southern workers. Effective
March 1, Bigelow-Sanford Carpet Co. said it was
raising wage levels, and Mohasco Industries, Inc.,
had said earlier that it planned to participate in
the general textile wage increases.
In late February, wage increases amounting to
approximately 5 percent were announced for a
substantial number of employees of furniture
manufacturers in North Carolina and Virginia.
Increases were first announced for about 4,000
unorganized employees of seven companies in the
Lexington, N.C., area; other companies that sub
sequently announced rises included Basset Fur
niture Co. and American Furniture Co. Inc., with
about 4,000 workers in their Virginia plants, and
Thomasville Chair Co. with about 2,100 employ
ees at its Thomasville, N.C., plant.
Flat Glass. On February 11, representatives of
the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. and the United
Glass and Ceramic Workers Union reached a
tentative agreement, subsequently ratified by
union members, to end a strike of 13,000 workers
in effect since October 1958. Issues that held up
settlement, mainly incentive work standards,
3 See M onthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 300.
429
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
speeds of operation, and seniority, were to be sub
mitted to a three-man board of arbitration. Wage
and other economic benefits of the new contract
were reportedly similar to the Libbey-Owens-Ford
Glass Co. contract with the UGCW signed last
fall, which included wage increases spread over 2
years and improved pension benefits.4
Communications. Two 15-month contracts, gen
erally following the pattern set late in January by
Wisconsin Telephone Co.,5 were negotiated in
February by two Bell system affiliates. A tenta
tive agreement between the Southern New Eng
land Telephone Co. and an independent union
representing approximately 8,900 workers in all
departments called for wage advances of from 4 to
cents an hour, while the New Jersey Bell Tele
phone Co. and the Communications Workers of
America negotiations resulted in pay advances
ranging from $1.50 to $3 weekly for about 8,400
traffic department employees. Both settlements
included a fourth week of vacation after 30 years’
service. By the end of February, every Bell
company with which CWA holds contracts had
revised their pension plan in line with the improve
ments negotiated with Wisconsin Telephone Co.
Other Settlements. An agreement providing weekly
pay increases ranging from $2 to $5 for full-time
employees and a 10-cent-an-hour increase for parttime workers was reached in early February be
tween First National Stores, Inc., and the Amalga
mated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen for
about 9,000 meatcutters and clerks in Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and
Connecticut. The settlement was negotiated
under a wage reopening clause of a 2-year contract
signed in 1958.
Ratification of an agreement on February 7 by
New York harbor tugboat men, represented by the
National Maritime Union and employed by mem
bers of the Marine Towing and Transportation
Employers Association, ended a strike that began
on February 1. The settlement, affecting about
4,000 workers, called for a 20-cent-an-hour pay
raise in 1959, and an additional 10-cent wage in
crease next year. Negotiations were conducted
under a wage reopening clause of a contract expir
ing January 31, 1961.
* See M onthly Labor Review, December 1958, p. 1407.
* See M onthly Labor Review, March 1959, pp. 301-302.
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In late January, a 21-cent-an-hour package set
tlement was agreed to by the International Alli
ance of Theatrical Stage Employes and major
motion picture studios, television film producers,
and film processors. The pact, reportedly affect
ing 15,000 craft employees, called for wage-rate
increases of 15 cents. In addition, employer pay
ments to the welfare fund were raised by 4 cents an
hour to provide for coverage of retired employees
and an increase in the death benefits from $1,000
to $2,500. Payments to the industry pension fund
were also raised, with the employers paying an
additional 2 cents an hour for all hours worked, and
the employee paying 1 cent more. Formerly, pay
ments were based on straight-time hours worked.
The 2-year agreement was subject to union mem
bership ratification.
A 2-year wage agreement for about 8,000 heavy
and highway construction laborers in western
Pennsylvania was announced on February 10 by
the Hod Carriers’, Building and Common Labor
ers’ Union and the Constructors Association of
Western Pennsylvania. The new contract pro
vides a 12^-cent-an-hour pay increase this year
and the same amount in 1960.
Other Union Developments
Several programs involving industry-labor co
operation in the promotion of industry’s products
were announced during February. David Dubinsky, president of the International Ladies’ Gar
ment Workers’ Union, on February 4 issued an
invitation to manufacturers of women’s apparel
to join in an industrywide promotion effort to
supplement the advertising of individual manu
facturers and retailers. Speaking before the an
nual meeting of the National Coat and Suit
Industry Recovery Board, Mr. Dubinsky declared
overall industry promotion was required because
the typical small concern could not afford to spend
much on advertising its product. Several man
agement representatives expressed favorable views
regarding an industry promotion fund. The idea
for a promotion program was initially proposed
several years ago but was abandoned when some
trade groups voted it down.
A month later, on March 4, Mr. Dubinsky an
nounced that the union had signed a $1 million
a year contract with an advertising firm to pro
mote consumer demand for the union label in all
430
types of women’s apparel. Mr. Dubinsky said
the promotion campaign would attempt to estab
lish the union label as “a moral trademark by
which underworld elements could be driven out
of the industry.” He said he would ask delegates
to the union convention this May to make perma
nent provision in the union’s budget for allocating
at least $1 million a year for this purpose.
Cooperative efforts between the United Hatters,
Cap and Millinery Workers Union and representa
tives of major cap manufacturers were further ad
vanced with the establishment of a national insti
tute to promote wider use of union-made caps and
cloth sport hats. The new group—to be known as
the National Cap and Cloth Hat Institute—is to
be financed by employer contributions of 1 per
cent of payrolls, under terms of new contracts
negotiated in the summer of 1958.6 Other func
tions of the institute will be to popularize the use
of the union label, to lobby against low-priced
Japanese caps made under alleged “sweat shop”
conditions, and to channel military cap purchases
to shops utilizing union labor.
A National Coal Policy Conference composed
primarily of soft coal producers, coal-carrying
railroads, and the United Mine Workers (Ind.)
was also established in February to “advance and
promote the interests of the [coai] industry on the
broadest possible front.” Action of the new group
will be concentrated on seeking an increase in the
coal depletion allowance for tax purposes and
tighter restrictions on the importation of residual
oil and obtaining government help in research into
the production, marketing, and use of coal. The
conference is patterned after an idea first sug
gested by UMW President John L. Lewis.
In a speech before the National Association of
Shippers Advisory Boards on February 11, Daniel
P. Loomis, president of the Association of Ameri
can Railroads, called for immediate formation of
a nonpartisan presidental committee to study prob
lems of labor policy and working rules in the rail
road industry. He asked the railroad brother
hoods to join in the appeal. Mr. Loomis charged
that costly “make work” provisions in labor con
tracts had resulted in loss of 500,000 jobs in the
past 12 years; unless labor and management can
solve their problems, he warned, “more thousands
of jobs will go down the drain.”
« See M onthly Labor Review, September 1958, p. 1024.
» See M onthly Labor Review, April 1958, pp 422-423.
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
In response to Mr. Loomis’ proposals, the presi
dents of five railroad operating brotherhoods
agreed to meet with rail management representa
tives but added that any investigation should
include “a complete study of the financial structure
of the industry” and of management practices
that adversely affect the economic soundness of
the industry. The union answer rejected the
proposal that the discussions be “limited to the
narrow issue of the impact of a few rules in labor
agreements.”
Later in the month, the first official round in
negotiations over new contracts for the railroad
brotherhoods started when the operating unions
announced they would seek a 12-percent increase
over wages in contracts ending November 1, 1959.
Guy L. Brown, grand chief engineer of the Brother
hood of Locomotive Engineers, said that demands
would also include incorporation of cost-of-living
allowances into base rates, and continuation of
escalation.
On February 19, a Federal Court jury in
Tacoma, Wash., found former Teamster President
Dave Beck guilty on six counts of income tax
evasion. He was sentenced to 5 years in prison
and was ordered to pay a fine of $60,000 and court
costs of $10,961. Lawyers for Mr. Beck said they
would appeal the case.
In another trial involving former union officials,
3 officers of a San Francisco local of the Interna
tional Union of Operating Engineers were found
guilty of stealing from union funds. Their trial
stemmed from testimony given before the Senate
Select Committee on Improper Activities in the
Labor or Management Field in early 1958.7 Those
convicted were Patrick W. Clancy, Porter E.
Vanderwork, and Clarence Matthews, former
president, treasurer, and recording secretary,
respectively.
A charge of perjury, also arising from testimony
before the Senate Select Committee, was dismissed
in the case against James G. Cross, president of
the Bakery and Confectionery Workers Interna
tional Union which was ousted from the AFLCIO in December 1957. Federal District Judge
Richmond B. Keech directed the jury to acquit
Mr. Cross on the grounds that the Government
had failed to prove essential elements of perjury
and that the question that produced the perjury
indictment was not material to the committee’s
investigation.
Book Reviews
and Notes
E
N o t e .—Listing of a publication in this
section is jor record and reference only and does
not constitute an endorsement of point of view
or advocacy of use.
d i t o r ’s
Special Reviews
Wages and Economic Control in Norway, 1945-1957.
By Mark W. Leiserson. Cambridge, Harvard
University Press, 1959. 174 pp. $4.50.
When the future economic histories are written,
the decade following World War II will perhaps be
categorized as the period in which the western
societies moved decisively toward direct govern
ment responsibility for the economic health of the
state. Economists have been studying the prog
ress of the western political economies as they
struggled with the potential contradictions of the
goals of full employment, price stability, and
capital development and have been recording the
effects of the application of different measures
under varying conditions in the several States.
Dr. Leiserson has produced a remarkably lucid
account of postwar Norway where reliance upon
central control probably exceeds that of any of
the western nations. The book is highly informa
tive and readable.
In the author’s words, “A principal assumption
of this book is that an analysis of wage determina
tion in the relatively highly controlled Norwegian
economy will have value in considering the prob
lems of any economy where the government makes
a conscious effort to preserve full employment,
price stability, and free but organized labor
markets.” He cautions, however, against un
warranted assumptions extrapolated from the
Norwegian experience which is, in many ways,
unique.
The Norwegian economy represents the efforts
of its 3.5 million people to attain material growth
within the context of extreme dependence on
foreign trade, large capital requirements, and the
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concentration on light manufactured products in
generally small producing units. Industry has not
been nationalized in Norway, despite a socialistoriented Parliament since 1945, but strong con
trols regulate the private use of the means of
production.
Collective bargaining is conducted within the
framework of highly organized labor markets.
The Norwegian Federation of Labor (LO) and the
national federation of employer associations
(NAF) have grown in power and authority since
the turn of the century. Both federations con
centrate authority in the central body and wield
predominant influence in the labor market. The
control of wage changes was vested in the LO and
NAF by the Norwegian government in London
prior to the end of the war. This formalized
“national” character of wage determination has
facilitated the government’s ability to work
toward achieving its goals. The trade unions
played a significant role in the struggle for wageprice stability, exercising “a remarkable degree of
restraint in the use of their economic power.” In
return, they have retained autonomy in collective
bargaining.
These, then, were the general characteristics of
the institutional framework within which Nor
way’s economy was charted. With Dr. Leiserson
as the guide, the reader is deftly led through the
“strategy and structure of postwar policy.”
The control of wages was one of the corner
stones of postwar policy, although the government
did not exercise the direct controls it maintained
over prices, profits, and material. Wage increases
had to be judged in terms of the export market
and the required domestic savings for capital
formation and, at the same time, be sufficiently
acceptable to the workers to maintain industrial
peace. Contractual agreements have generally
conformed to these requirements. It is not sur
prising that under the conditions of full employ
ment and union wage restraint there has been a
considerable wage drift. It seems that “black
market” wages had a minor role in the wage drift
while individual adjustments, such as merit in
creases and upgradings within the contract pro
visions, played a major role. Perhaps the most
significant factor has been the increasing use of
incentive pay systems.
The Norwegian experience leads to speculation
about the relative influence on wages of union
431
432
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , A PR IL 1959
and market forces, the responsible use of union
power, and the compatibility of free collective
bargaining and price stability in a full employ
ment economy. The last chapter of the book
provocatively explores these areas of controversy.
Leiserson rejects the incompatibility argument
and portrays Norwegian trade union behavior in
the controlled economy as adaptive to the require
ments of its culture, thus preserving autonomous
labor organizations and collective bargaining
institutions.
— N o r m a n J. S a m u e l s
D iv is io n of W ag es a n d I n d u s tr i a l R e la tio n s
B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s
And Mark an Era: The Story of the Harvard
Business School. By Melvin T. Copeland.
Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1958. 368 pp.
$ 6.
Institutions like banks, railroads, art galleries,
and schools are too often regarded as having
specific service functions to perform for human
society but no real life of their own. If, on the
other hand, we could look at our institutions as
if they had personal lives, we might realize that
they too change and develop, and in so doing
reflect the social order in wdiich we live.
It is this “biographical” approach that Professor
Copeland has taken in telling the story of the
Harvard Graduate School of Business, an institu
tion that has had a very substantial impact on
both the business and educational world. Es
tablished as an experiment 50 years ago, the school
has developed almost literally from a “one-room
schoolhouse” to a magnificently housed, selfcontained unit and a highly respected younger
brother of the oldest institution of higher learning
in the United States. The school’s development
has many true-to-life aspects—the course of trial
and error, tentative ideas about new methods of
instruction, changing standards for student ad
mission, adjustments in curriculum to meet
changing times; in sum, the fluid nature of the
growth of an educational institution which, by its
very subject-matter orientation, could not pattern
itself on traditional methods or traditional content.
In the process of plotting its own course, it has
produced the techniques and experience and
points of view from which other schools have been
able to profit. At the same time, it has persuaded
the Nation’s business community of the usefulness
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of academic training in the practical world of
management and production.
Some portions of the success story are more
interesting to the general reader than others.
The minutiae of budgets, who taught what course
in what semester, administrative problems of
a day-to-day type, when individual courses were
dropped and when others were added, are un
doubtedly of interest to those who were closely
connected with the school’s development and are
useful as part of the historical record. Scattered
through the book as they are, in chronological
sequence, they tend to irritate and obstruct the
reader who is primarily intrigued by the important
educational problems involved in starting a new
kind of school, problems such as what to teach,
whom to teach, and especially how to teach.
One appealing section of the book dealt with
the effort to develop the “case method” of teaching
and to get it accepted. Another area to which
a quite original approach was made was research.
Traditionally, scholars have carried on research
projects along lines of individual interest. The
Business School, however, needed information
rooted in operations, not theory, for its instruction.
Research was therefore regarded as an integral
part of the staff’s joint effort and obligation.
From the author’s presentation (he was an
original member of the staff), one has a feeling
that, in spite of its 50 years, the school still has
a pioneering outlook and is prepared to shift its
curriculum and activities, as it did during two
major wars, to the changing times. It would be
highly useful if someone would undertake a similar
job for the labor and industrial relations schools
that have become so much a part of our university
system in the past quarter of a century.
— M
a r g a r et
L.
P
l u n k et t
D iv is io n of M a n p o w e r a n d E m p lo y m e n t S ta tis tic s
B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s
The Scanlon Plan—A Frontier in Labor-Manage
ment Cooperation. Edited by Frederick G.
Lesieur. Cambridge, Mass., Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Industrial Relations
Section, 1958. 173 pp. $4.50, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York.
The Scanlon Plan, a device for the improvement
of plant productivity based on labor-management
cooperation, has received publicity both here and
433
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
abroad far beyond what might be expected when
it is considered that the plan is in successful
operation in only a few establishments. In spite
of this worldwide interest, very little information
has been available about the plan. The volume
under discussion represents an attempt to remedy
this lack of information and, at the same time, to
provide a printed memorial for the plan’s author,
Joseph N. Scanlon, who died in January 1956.
The chief value of this book lies in the fact that
it brings together what has been written and said
about the plan and its application in industry.
An article by Russell W. Davenport about the
Lapointe Machine Tool Co. is reprinted from the
January 1950 issue of Fortune. Another by
George P. Shultz, Worker Participation on Pro
duction Problems, appeared in the November
1951 issue of Personnel. Other articles descrip
tive of the plan are by Frederick G. Lesieur,
editor of the volume and Elbridge S. Puckett, re
search associate at M.I.T. Additional essays con
sist of papers presented at a 1957 conference on the
plan, plus some specially written evaluations of its
operation. An appendix presents a sample “mem
orandum of understanding” for a guide in intro
ducing the plan, and some related papers on
union-management cooperation.
The various authors make it clear that the plan
is not an organized program or method of proce
dure which can be applied by following a definite
blueprint or pattern of application. Rather, it is
a “way of life” built around cooperation and fullscale worker participation in solving plant pro
duction problems. Increases in productivity are
rewarded according to a formula which gives
workers direct financial returns for anything they
can save by reduction of the “normal” labor cost
for the establishment. This formula must be
calculated for each plant individually; if it is
correctly determined, both labor and manage
ment should profit from the plan’s application.
It is further emphasized that both parties must
cooperate voluntarily, without reservation, for
successful operation of the plan. In those cases
in which genuine collaboration has not been
possible, the plan has either failed or the parties
have been advised not to adopt it.
The book explains that the Scanlon Plan has
functioned successfully in companies of several
types. The product manufactured and the de
mand for it, the size, profitability, job conditions,
5 0 0 1 0 8 — 5 9 --------- 5
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different unions or no union, all vary from com
pany to company among those operating under
the plan.
Each essay in the book was prepared for pre
sentation as a separate discussion of the plan or
of some phase of it. As a result, there is some
repetition of ideas. More important, because of
the general nature of the various essays, many of
the details which would seem necessary for in
stallation of the plan are treated briefly or not at
all. The second section of the book, plus the
memorandum of understanding in the appendix,
represent the closest approach to a discussion of
methodology. For a broad understanding of
what the plan is about, this book should prove
adequate for the general reader.
—T
heodore
W. R
eedy
D iv isio n of W ages a n d I n d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s
B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s
Diary of a Strike. By Bernard Karsh. Urbana,
University of Illinois Press, 1958. xiii, 180
pp. $3.50.
Bright Web in the Darkness. By Alexander Saxton.
New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1958. 308 pp.
$3.95.
To say that Diary of a Strike is another case
study of a local union and a strike is both to de
scribe it and, within limits, to appraise it.
There are two segments to the book. The first
is a sort of running account of the organization
campaign and contract demands which ultimately
led to a garment factory strike in a small Wiscon
sin town. The events are clearly presented, the
reader is made aware of the issues, and both the
progress of the strike and its settlement are re
lated in an understandable manner, but little is
revealed concerning the union, its internal and
external relationships, its bargaining, and its
tactics that is really new to most students or
practitioners in the field of union-management
relations.
One reason may be that the study is based on an
uncommon, almost anachronistic situation: a
traditionally paternalistic family-owned company
resenting the intrusion of unionism so fiercely as to
endure an almost suicidal strike to avoid signing
an agreement—utilizing all the orthodox devices
of injunction, police protection of nonstrikers,
back-to-work appeals, legal impediments to an
NLRB election, and so on. Well, the set, the
434
actors, and the plot have been used with increasing
frequency as one traces them in formal and fic
tional literature back into the 19th century; all
are well worn; only the authors change. The
early novels of Upton Sinclair—which reached
audiences in the millions and remain for new
audiences—told the same story with dramatic
clarity and disclosed all the implicit social motiva
tions and lessons.
Professor Karsh’s book does offer a snapshot of
a tiny corner of the American industrial relations
scene, a vestige of a freshly remembered but rarely
encountered prototype of labor-management embattlement in an all but bygone era. The album,
however, is already pretty full.
The second segment is an essay at fitting the
behavior of the strike community to an appro
priate pattern of sociological theory. The prin
cipal conclusions are that in a critical situation of
conflict people on the same side tend to think and
act alike, that as a conflict becomes intensified
people become more inventive, inexperienced
people learn quickly, and people with leadership
qualities become leaders. Many, including this
reviewer, will doubt that the author’s exposition
and the array of authorities on crowd and general
social behavior which have been marshaled to
prove these rather commonplace empirical facts
will add to the knowledge of unionism and union
members. But, it may be argued, this is a scien
tific social study and thus warrants the application
of scientific theory and techniques.
Those who are punctilious concerning method
ology in social surveys may quarrel with Professor
Karsh on the ground that perhaps an element of
bias has been allowed to creep into his work. He
bases his case study on interviews with a sample of
participants in the strike situation. But which
participants? He draws random samples from
alphabetically arranged names. To the drawn
sample of dedicated unionists active in the strike
he adds a few who were hurt at not being included.
On the other hand, although a mark of the skilled
interviewer’s talent is ability to induce reluctant
or recalcitrant people to talk, he abandons the
sample of those who were nonunion or loyal to the
company, because it was sensed that they were
antagonistic and unwilling to cooperate.
Novels depicting the American trade union
movement have been singularly unsuccessful, and
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M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
Alexander Saxton’s book Bright Web in the
Darkness does little to change the trend. The
locale of the story is San Francisco during World
War II. A disparate group of characters in Dos
Passos fashion enter each other’s lives and fashion
a thin fabric of plot, a major emphasis of which is
a trade union’s discrimination against Negroes.
However, the characters are somewhat unclearly
delineated and unreal; and the attempt to weave
trade union politics, administration, and philoso
phy into a dramatic interpretation is largely
muffed.
It appears to be the fate of labor unions that
much of the effort to interpret them to the general
public has fallen to the hands of protagonists,
whose opinions must be discounted; to sociologists,
whose jargon often communicates little meaning
except to other sociologists; or to novelists, whose
ill luck it is never to combine understanding with
craftsmanship. To find an exception to the last
group, one must go back 25 years to Ernest
Halper’s The Foundry.
—L.R.K.
The Family Life of Old People—An Inquiry in East
London. By Peter Townsend. Glencoe, 111.,
The Free Press, 1957. xvi, 284 pp. $5.
Bethnal Green, one of the smallest boroughs of
London, is an urban area where most people live
close to their work. Most of the people in the area
are members of closely knit families of three gener
ations living together or in separate households on
adjoining streets. The facts which Peter Town
send uncovered about the family life of old people
may be an indication of the propensity of an un
known proportion of the population to find security
in the ties of blood and to arrange their lives
accordingly.
Of the sample of 261 individuals of pensionable
age drawn from doctors’ records, over 10 percent
had moved out of the borough or could not be
traced when the survey began. Since the propor
tion of old people in the borough’s population was
representative of London and of England as a
whole, it appears likely that the movement out of
the district was not limited to particular age
groups. The 203 old people interviewed in the
borough had about 2,700 relatives living within a
mile of their residences. Nine out of ten married
or widowed old people had one or more surviving
435
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
children, and of those with children, 85 percent
had a child living with them or nearby. The pres
ence of relatives very possibly tended to keep the
young and old alike from leaving the borough for
other residential districts in London or elsewhere.
The old people helped by social services, judged
by the cases in a local hospital and in a welfare
home, characteristically had fewer children and
fewer daughters than those living in their own
homes or with their children. The burden of social
provisions for the aged would be greatly increased
if unmarried children and married daughters had
not assumed responsibility for the care of their
parents. The author suggests that various meas
ures might help prevent old people from becoming
wards of the State. One suggests changes in public
housing policy so that old people could live near
their relatives. Another proposes various kinds of
financial assistance for families financially unable
to care for sick or infirm parents. While he
stresses that the family life in Bethnal Green may
not be characteristic of other urban districts, he
concludes that, in general, the extended family of
a particular composition will continue to care for
its elderly members if housing arrangements and
financial resources are favorable.
Nearly all of the men and of the husbands of
women in the sample were manual workers, but
some 8 percent of their married children had
moved into the clerical and professional classes.
Daughters married to men in the higher status
occupations saw less of their parents than those
who had remained in the manual worker class, a
fact that the old people attributed primarily to
geographic separation. Family arrangements for
the care of the elderly, outside the expenditure of
a daughter’s time or procurement of social welfare
services, involve contributions of money from sons
and daughters not living in their parents’ homes.
Community studies of this type offer much
information about the attitudes of the present
generation of old people that must be taken into
consideration in planning and experimenting with
different types of arrangements for the housing
and care of the coming generation of retired
couples, widowers, and widows.
Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation
Arbitration Back-Pay Awards. B y R o b e rt H . G o rsk e.
(In L a b o r L a w J o u r n a l, C h icag o , J a n u a r y 1959,
p p . 18 -2 7 .
$1.)
Arbitrability of Dispute is for Court to Decide in Absence of
Contrary Provision in Collective-Bargaining Agree
ment: Local 149, American Federation of Technical
Engineers v. General Electric Co. (1st Cir. 1957). (In
H a r v a r d L a w R ev iew , C a m b rid g e , M ass., J a n u a r y
1959, p p . 5 7 7 -5 8 0 . $1.50.)
Eleventh Annual Report of Federal Mediation and Concilia
tion Service, Fiscal Year 1958. W a s h in g to n , 1959.
49 p p . 25 c e n ts,
W a sh in g to n .
S u p e rin te n d e n t
of
D o c u m e n ts ,
Criteria of Ability.
B y W a y n e E . H o w a rd . (In A r b itr a
tio n J o u r n a l, N e w Y o rk , V ol. 13, N o . 4, 1958, p p . 1 7 9 196. $1.50.)
Compulsory
Conciliation in Canada. B y A ra n k a E .
K o v a c s. (In L a b o r L a w J o u r n a l, C h icag o , F e b r u a r y
1959, p p . 1 1 0 -1 2 8 . $1.)
Education and Training
Labor and Education in 1956 and 1957.
W a sh in g to n ,
A m e ric a n F e d e ra tio n of L a b o r a n d C o n g ress of I n d u s
tr ia l O rg a n iz a tio n s , 1958. 101 p p . 25 c e n ts.
Labor Education Outside the Unions: A Review of Postwar
Programs in Western Europe and the United States.
B y A lice H . C o o k a n d A gnes M . D o u ty . I th a c a ,
N .Y ., C o rn e ll U n iv e rs ity , N e w Y o rk S ta te S chool of
I n d u s tr i a l a n d L a b o r R e la tio n s , 1958. 148 p p .,
b ib lio g ra p h y . $2.
Vocational Training Programs in Canada: Technical and
Trade Training— Publicly-Operated. O tta w a , C a n a
d ia n D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, 1958. 122 p p . (R e
s e a rc h P ro g ra m o n th e T ra in in g of S k illed M a n p o w e r,
5 -A .)
Outline of Technical Training in the United Kingdom.
By
W . G ra h a m C raig . O tta w a , C a n a d ia n D e p a r tm e n t
of L a b o r, 1958. 59 p p . (R e s e a rc h P ro g r a m o n th e
T ra in in g of S k illed M a n p o w e r, 6.)
La Educación del Trabajador en los Estados Unidos: In
forme sobre sus Necesidadea, Programa y Modos de
Enfocarla. B y J o s e p h M ire . W a sh in g to n , P a n
A m e ric a n U n io n , In te r-A m e ric a n E c o n o m ic a n d Social
C o u n cil, 1958. 198 p p . (W o rk e rs ’ E d u c a tio n S eries,
15.) 75 c e n ts.
Health and Welfare
—D
o ro th y
S.
B rady
W h a rto n S chool of F in a n c e a n d C o m m e rc e
U n iv e rs ity of P e n n s y lv a n ia
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Radiation Hazards.
B y C lin to n C. P ow ell, M .D . (In
A m e ric a n J o u r n a l of P u b lic H e a lth a n d th e N a tio n ’s
H e a lth , N ew Y o rk , J a n u a r y 1959, p p . 1 -9 . $1.25.)
436
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
Industrial Nuclear Development: A Challenge to the States.
(P ro c e e d in g s of a co n fe re n c e sp o n s o re d b y th e N u c le a r
E n e rg y a n d E m p lo y e e H e a lth a n d B en e fits C o m
m itte e s of th e N a tio n a l A sso c ia tio n of M a n u fa c tu re rs
a n d b y th e N a tio n a l I n d u s tr i a l C o u n cil, M a y 2 1 -2 2 ,
1958.) N e w Y o rk , N a tio n a l A sso c ia tio n of M a n u
fa c tu re rs , [1958]. 64 p p . $2.
Health Statistics from the U.S. National Health Survey:
Selected Survey Topics, United States, July 1957-June
1958. B y J a n e W . B e rg ste n . (S ta tis tic s re la tin g to
d a y s of d is a b ility , a c u te a n d c h ro n ic c o n d itio n s, p e r
so n s in ju re d , p h y s ic ia n v isits, d e n ta l v is its.) W a sh
in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of H e a lth , E d u c a tio n , a n d
W elfare, P u b lic H e a lth S ervice, 1958. 49 p p . ( P u b
lic a tio n 5 8 4 -B 5 .) 40 c e n ts, S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u
m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
1956 National Housing Inventory— Components of Change,
1950 to 1956, United States and Regions. W a sh in g to n ,
U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of C o m m erce, B u re a u of th e C en su s,
1958. 105 p p . (V ol. 1, P t. 1.) $1.
75 Housing Areas: A Housing Market Analysis, Annual
Summary, 1958. N e w Y o rk , H o u sin g S e c u ritie s In c .,
D iv is io n of H o u sin g M a r k e t R e se a rc h , 1958.
$10.
B y U rie l M a n h e im .
H o u s in g S e c u ritie s In c ., 1958. 15 p p .
35 p p .
N e w Y o rk ,
W illia m M iren g o ff a n d A lb e rt L. S h o sta c k . W a sh
in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r (for th e P r e s id e n t’s
C o m m itte e o n M ig ra to ry L a b o r), B u re a u of E m p lo y
m e n t S e c u rity , Office of P ro g ra m R e v ie w a n d A n aly sis,
1959. 46 p p . F re e .
Income
Family Income in New York State, 1956.
N e w Y o rk ,
I n t e r d e p a r t m e n t a l C o m m itte e o n L ow In c o m e s, 1958,
22 p p . (B ull. 1, P t. 1.) F re e .
Education Attainment in New York State, 1957.
N ew
Y o rk , I n t e r d e p a r t m e n t a l C o m m itte e o n L ow In c o m e s,
1958. 14 p p . (B ull. 2.) F re e .
Income of Persons, New York State, 1956: By Sex and Color
(11 p p ., B u ll. 3, P t. 1); By Age, Income Sources, Work
Experience, Marital Status, and Education (21 p p .,
B ull. 3, P t. 2). N e w Y o rk , I n t e r d e p a r t m e n t a l C o m
m itte e on L o w In c o m e s, 1958. F re e .
B y H . S. H o u th a k k e r. (In R e
view of E c o n o m ic s a n d S ta tis tic s , C a m b rid g e , M ass.,
F e b r u a r y 1959, p p . 2 4 -2 8 . $2.)
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Income Equality in a Factory Payroll. B y L ee S oltow .
{In S o u th e rn E c o n o m ic J o u rn a l, C h a p e l H ill, N .C .,
J a n u a r y 1959, p p . 3 4 3 -3 4 8 .
$1.50.)
Labor-Management Relations
A Guide to Labor-Management Relations in the United
States— Supplement No. 1. W a sh in g to n , U .S . D e p a r t
m e n t of L a b o r, B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s , 1959. 29
p p ., b ib lio g ra p h y . (B ull. 12 2 5 -1 .) 45 ce n ts, S u p e rin
te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
L a b o r L a w J o u r n a l, C hicago, D e c e m b e r 1958, p p .
8 8 9 -9 0 3 , b ib lio g ra p h y . $1. A lso re p rin te d .)
Labor Organizations
The Role of Law in Preserving Union Democracy. B y
A rc h ib a ld C ox.
{In H a r v a r d L a w R ev iew , C a m
b rid g e, M ass., F e b ru a r y 1959, p p . 6 0 9 -6 4 4 .
$1.50.)
Labor Racketeering: Evolution and Solutions. B y D a v id J .
Housing for Florida’s Migrants: A Survey of Migratory
Farm Labor Housing in Dade County, Florida. B y
Education and Income.
C o n k lin a n d Ir v in g R . S ta rb ird . N ew Y o rk , S ta te
I n te r d e p a r tm e n ta l C o m m itte e on L ow In c o m e s, 1958.
53 p p .
Picketing and the First Amendment: “Full Circle” and
“Formal Surrender.” B y B e rn a rd L . S am off. {In
Housing
Local Housing Data.
Low Incomes in Rural New York State: An Analysis of
Causes and Lines of Remedial Action. B y H o w a rd E .
S aposs. U rb a n a , U n iv e rs ity of Illin o is, I n s t i t u t e of*
L a b o r a n d I n d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s, 1958. 18 p p . (R e
p r i n t Series, 72; fro m Social R e se a rc h , a u tu m n 1958.)
10 ce n ts.
A Federal Assist to Guarantee the Rights of Union Members.
B y S a r A. L e v ita n . {In L a b o r L a w J o u r n a l, C h icago,
F e b ru a r y 1959, p p . 7 5 -8 6 .
$1.)
Minority Groups
Employment Integration and Racial Wage Differences in a
Southern Plant. B y R o b e rt W e in tra u b . {In I n
d u s tria l a n d L a b o r R e la tio n s R ev iew , Ith a c a , N .Y .,
J a n u a r y 1959, p p . 214—226. $1.75.)
We Open the Gates: Labor’s Fight for Equality.
B y H a rry
F le isc h m a n a n d J a m e s R o r ty . N e w Y o rk , N a tio n a l
L a b o r S ervice, 1958. 64 p p . 35 cen ts.
Negroes in Five New York Cities: A Study of Problems,
Achievements, and Trends. B y E u n ic e a n d G eorge
G rie r. N e w Y o rk , S ta te C o m m issio n A g a in st D is
c rim in a tio n , 1958. 144 p p ., b ib lio g ra p h y .
Older Worker
The Philadelphia Older Worker Pilot Project, November 1,
1957 through June 80, 1958. H a rris b u rg , P a ., D e p a r t
m e n t of L a b o r a n d In d u s tr y , B u re a u of E m p lo y m e n t
S e c u rity , [1959]. 129 p p .
B O O K R E V IE W S A N D N O T E S
43T
Placement of Older Workers by the New York State Employ
ment Service. N e w Y o rk , S ta te C o m m issio n A g a in st
D isc rim in a tio n , 1958.
26 p p .
Characteristics of Older Job-Seekers: An Analysis in Terms
of Their Unemployment Histories. B y F ra n k J o s e p h
A telsek . M in n e a p o lis, M in n e s o ta D e p a r tm e n t of E m
p lo y m e n t S e c u rity , 1958. 227 p p .
public; III, Old-Age Insurance in the Rumanian
People’s Republic. (In B u lle tin of th e I n te r n a tio n a l
Social S e c u rity A sso c ia tio n , G e n e v a , D e c e m b e r 1958,
p p . 5 5 3 -5 9 8 .)
Social Security in the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Re
public During the Period 1955-1957. (In B u lle tin o f
th e I n te r n a tio n a l S ocial S e c u rity A sso c ia tio n , G e n e v a ,
O c to b e r-N o v e m b e r 1958, p p . 4 5 7 -4 7 6 .)
Personnel Practices and Management
Vocational Guidance
How to Interview.
B y W a lte r V an D y k e B in g h a m a n d
B ru c e V ic to r M o o re (in c o lla b o ra tio n w ith J o h n W .
G u s ta d ). N e w Y o rk , H a rp e r & B ro th e rs, 1959. 277
p p . 4 th re v . ed. $4.50.
The Definition and Measurement of Employee Morale.
B y M e la n y E . B a e h r a n d R ic h a rd R e n c k . C hicago,
U n iv e rs ity of C h icago, In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s C e n te r,
1958. 28 p p . (P u b lic a tio n 89.) R e p rin te d fro m A d
m in is tra tiv e Science Q u a rte rly , S e p te m b e r 1958.
Personnel Management in Small Companies.
B y F ra n c e s
T o rb e rt. L os A ngeles, U n iv e rs ity of C a lifo rn ia , I n s ti
t u t e of In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s, 1959. 102 p p ., b ib lio g
ra p h y . 50 cen ts.
The Industrial Relations Executive, 1958-1959. N e w Y ork,
In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s N ew s, 1959.
67 p p .
$3.50.
Tools and Techniques of Modern Management.
E d ite d b y
A line L . H o p k in s. U rb a n a , U n iv e rs ity of Illin o is,
C ollege of C o m m erce a n d B u sin ess A d m in is tra tio n ,
B u re a u of B u sin ess M a n a g e m e n t, 1958, 63 p p . $2.
Management in the 1980's. B y H a ro ld J . L e a v itt a n d
T h o m a s L . W h isler. (In H a r v a r d B u sin ess R ev iew ,
B o sto n , M ass., N o v e m b e r-D e c e m b e r 1958, p p . 4 1 -4 8 .
$ 2 .)
Conditioning Management for Machine Applications. B y
R o b e rt E . S la te r.
(In Office E x e c u tiv e , N a tio n a l
Office M a n a g e m e n t A sso ciatio n , W illow G ro v e, P a .,
N o v e m b e r 1958, p p . 9 -1 1 , 21. 50 cen ts.)
Social Security
Temporary Disability Insurance in the United States. B y
M a r g a re t M . D a h m . (In I n te r n a tio n a l L a b o r R e
view , G e n e v a , D e c e m b e r 1958, p p . 5 5 2 -5 7 4 .
60
c e n ts . D is trib u te d in U n ite d S ta te s b y W a sh in g to n
B ra n c h of IL O .)
Public Assistance Recipients in New York State, January February 1957: A Study of the Causes of Dependency
During a Period of High-Level Employment. B y
E le a n o r M . S n y d e r. N ew Y o rk , S ta te I n t e r d e p a r t
m e n ta l C o m m itte e on L ow In c o m e s, 1958. 159 p p .
The Social Security System of Rumania: I, Social Security
in the Rumanian People's Republic; II, Recent Social
Security Developments in the Rumanian People's Re
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Looking for Employment in Foreign Countries. B y J u v e n a l
L. A ngel. N ew Y o rk , W o rld T ra d e A c a d e m y P re s s ,
In c ., 1959. 131 p p ., b ib lio g ra p h y . 4 th ed. $7.
Helping Jobseekers Get the Right Jobs— [A Symposium J.
(In E m p lo y m e n t S e c u rity R ev iew , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t
of L a b o r, B u re a u of E m p lo y m e n t S e c u rity , U .S . E m
p lo y m e n t S ervice, J a n u a r y 1959, p p . 3 -3 3 . 20 c e n ts,
S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .)
A Job Guide for Utah Job Seekers— Semi-Professional
Occupations. S a lt L a k e C ity , U ta h D e p a r tm e n t o f
E m p lo y m e n t S e c u rity , 1958.
104 p p .
Employment Outlook for Over-the-Road Truckdrivers. B y
A rth u r S c h a tz o w . (In O c c u p a tio n a l O u tlo o k Q u a r
te rly , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, B u re a u o f L a b o r
S ta tis tic s , W a sh in g to n , F e b r u a r y 1959, p p . 2 1 -2 6 .
30 c e n ts, S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .)
Careers in: Banking (Monograph 58, 26 pp.); Scientific
Fields (Monograph 60, 46 P P - ) . B y J u v e n a l L . A ngel.
N ew Y o rk , W o rld T ra d e A c a d e m y P re s s, In c ., 1959.
$1 a n d $1.50, re s p e c tiv e ly .
Occupational Abstracts: Home Economist; Florist. P e a p a c k ,
N .J ., P e rs o n n e l S ervices, In c ., 1958 a n d 1959. 6 p p .
e ach , b ib lio g ra p h ie s. (N os. 218, 219, re s p e c tiv e ly .)
50 c e n ts e a c h ; 25 c e n ts to s tu d e n ts .
Occupational Information for Counselors: An Annotated
Bibliography.
W a sh in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of
L a b o r, S e p te m b e r 1958. 24 p p . R e v . 15 c e n ts , S u p e r
in te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
The Development of Vocational Guidance in Asia.
(In
In te r n a tio n a l L a b o r R ev iew , G e n e v a , D e c e m b e r 1958,
p p . 5 8 5 -6 0 2 . 60 c e n ts . D is trib u te d in U n ite d S ta te s
b y W a sh in g to n B ra n c h of IL O .)
Wages, Salaries, and Hours of Work
Occupational Wage Survey: St. Louis, Mo., October 1958
(Bull. 1240-4, 16 pp., 15 cents); Dallas, Tex., October
1958 (Bull. 1240-5, 24 pp., 25 cents); Boston, Mass.,
October 1958 (Bull. 1240-6, 27 pp., 25 cents). W a s h
in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, B u re a u of L a b o r
S ta tis tic s , 1959. A v a ila b le fro m S u p e rin te n d e n t of
D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
Wages and Hours in Private Mental Institutions, California,
1958. S a n F ra n c isc o , S ta te D e p a rtm e n t of In d u s tria l
438
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
R e la tio n s , D iv isio n of L a b o r S ta tis tic s a n d R e se a rc h ,
1959. 46 p p .
Union Wages and Hours: Local Transit Operating Em
ployees, July 1,1958, and Trend, 1929-58. B y H e r b e r t
S chaffer. W a sh in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r,
B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s , 1959. 10 p p . (B u ll 1244.)
15 c e n ts, S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
Classroom Teacher Salary Schedules, 1958-59, Urban Dis
tricts 100,000 and Over in Population: Nineteenth
Biennial Salary Survey. W a sh in g to n , N a tio n a l E d u
c a tio n A sso c ia tio n , 1958.
1 9 5 8 -R 3 .) 25 ce n ts.
28 p p .
(R e se a rc h R e p o rt
Salary Budgeting.
B y R a lp h W . E lls. M a d iso n , U n i
v e rs ity of W isconsin, S chool of C o m m erce, B u re a u of
B u sin ess R e se a rc h a n d S ervice, 1958. 79 p p . (W is
co n sin C o m m erce R e p o rts , V ol. V, N o. 3) $1.15.
Wage Structure: Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats.
By
F re d W . M o h r. W a sh in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of
L a b o r, B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s , 1959. 54 p p .
(B L S R e p o rt 140.) F re e .
Minimum Wage and the Woman Worker.
W a sh in g to n ,
U .S. D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, W o m e n ’s B u re a u , 1958.
15 p p . (L e a fle t 24, re v .) 10 c e n ts, S u p e rin te n d e n t
of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
Work Injuries and Injury Prevention
Injuries and Accident Causes in the Boilershop-Products
Industry. B y F r a n k S. M c E lro y a n d G eo rg e R .
M c C o rm a c k . W a sh in g to n , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of
L a b o r, B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s , 1958. 64 p p .
(B ull. 1237.) 50 c e n ts, S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u
m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .
Work Injury and Employment Data for Mineral-Extractive
Industries, 1955-1957. W a sh in g to n , U .S . D e p a r t
m e n t of th e In te rio r , B u re a u of M ines, 1958. 47
p p . (M in e ra l I n d u s tr y S u rv e y s, H S S N o. 469.)
F re e .
Disabling Work Injuries to Electricians in California.
San
F ra n c isc o , S ta te D e p a r tm e n t of I n d u s tr i a l R e la tio n s,
D iv is io n of L a b o r S ta tis tic s a n d R e se a rc h , 1959.
22 p p .
Injury Rates in New York State Industries, 1957.
N ew
Y o rk , S ta te D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, D iv is io n of
R e s e a rc h a n d S ta tis tic s , 1958. 77 p p . (P u b lic a
tio n B -1 0 6 .)
Alaska's Economic Profile; Major Industries and Employ
ment Characteristics of the J+9th State; Alaska Employ
ment Trends and Outlook. B y G e ra ld C. S tro m b e rg
a n d O gle F . B a ile y . ( In L a b o r M a r k e t a n d E m p lo y
m e n t S e c u rity , U .S . D e p a r tm e n t of L a b o r, B u re a u
of E m p lo y m e n t S e c u rity , N o v e m b e r 1958, p p . 1-6,
27; D e c e m b e r 1958, p p . 1 -7 ; J a n u a r y 1959, p p . 1-4,
39, re s p e c tiv e ly . 30 c e n ts e a c h issue, S u p e rin te n d e n t
of D o c u m e n ts , W a sh in g to n .)
Problems of Nonmanual Workers, Including Technicians,
Supervisory Staff, etc. G e n e v a , I n t e r n a t io n a l L a b o r
Office, 1958. 139 p p . (R e p o rt V II p re p a r e d fo r
I n t e r n a t io n a l L a b o r C o n feren ce, 4 3 d session, 1959.)
$1.25. D is tr ib u te d in U n ite d S ta te s b y W a s h in g to n
B ra n c h of IL O .
Economics: An
Analytical Approach. B y R a lp h K .
D a v id so n , V e rn o n L . S m ith , J a y W . W iley. H o m e w ood, 111., R ic h a rd D . Irw in , In c ., 1958. 393 p p .
$8.40.
Spotlight on the Canadian Consumer. B y B a r b a r a H e n n e b e rry . ( In B u sin e ss R e c o rd , N a tio n a l I n d u s tr i a l
C o n fe re n c e B o a rd , In c ., N e w Y o rk , J a n u a r y 1959,
p p . 1 1-23.)
Some Aspects of Wage Policy in the Planned Economies
of Eastern Europe. {In I n t e r n a t io n a l L a b o r R ev iew ,
G e n e v a , J a n u a r y 1959, p p . 1 -2 4 . 60 c e n ts . D is
tr i b u t e d in U n ite d S ta te s b y W a s h in g to n B ra n c h
of IL O .)
African
Labor Survey. G e n e v a , I n t e r n a t io n a l L a b o r
Office, 1958. 712 p p ., b ib lio g ra p h y . (S tu d ie s a n d
R e p o rts , N e w S eries, N o . 48.) $5. D is tr ib u te d in
U n ite d S ta te s b y W a s h in g to n B ra n c h of IL O .
Economic Conditions in Member and Associated Countries
of the OEEC, 1958: Benelux (46 p p .) ; Canada, United
States (36 p p . ) ; Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
(58 p p .) ; France (30 p p .) ; United Kingdom (26 p p .).
P a ris, O rg a n iz a tio n fo r E u ro p e a n E c o n o m ic C o o p e ra
tio n , 1958. 50 c e n ts each , O .E .E .C . M ission,
W a sh in g to n .
Survey of World Cultures: Iraq— Its People, Its Society, Its
Culture. B y G eo rg e L . H a rris a n d o th e rs, 350 p p .,
$7; Jordon—Its People, Its Society, Its Culture. B y
G eo rg e L. H a rris a n d o th e rs, 246 p p ., $5.50; Poland—
Its People, Its Society, Its Culture. B y C lifford R .
B a r n e tt a n d o th e rs, 471 p p ., $7.50. N ew H a v e n ,
C o n n ., H u m a n R e la tio n s A rea F iles, In c ., 1958.
New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1958.
1959 Directory of Occupational Safety Posters.
N a tio n a l S a fe ty C ouncil, 1958.
72 p p .
C hicago,
60 c e n ts.
Miscellaneous
Human Resources: The Wealth of a Nation.
B y E li
G in z b e rg . N e w Y o rk , S im o n a n d S c h u ste r, 1958.
183 p p ., b ib lio g ra p h y . $3.75.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
W e llin g to n , N ew
Z e a la n d D e p a r tm e n t of S ta tis tic s , 1958. 1303 p p .
Queensland Year Book, 1957.
B ris b a n e , B u re a u of C en su s
S ta tis tic s , 1958. 448 p p . 5s., D e p u ty C o m m o n
w e a lth S ta tis tic ia n , B ris b a n e .
Das Arbeitsgebiet der Bundesstatistik Stand Mitte 1958.
W ie sb a d e n , S ta tis tis c h e s B u n d e s a m t, 1958. 209
p p . D M 9.50, W . K o h lh a m m e r G M B H , S t u t t g a r t .
Current Labor Statistics
CONTENTS
A.—Employment
441
442
446
450
451
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Table A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Table A-3. Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establish
ments, by industry
Table A-4. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by State 1
Table A-5. Employees in manufacturing, by State 1
Table A-6. Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of
unemployment compensation for Federal employees, by geographic
division and State
Table A-7. Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected
operations
Table A -l.
B.—Labor Turnover
Table B -l. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 2
Table B-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry2
C.— Earnings and Hours
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers,
by industry
Table C-2. Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Indexes
of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc
Table C-3.
tion activities
Table C-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls in industrial and construction
activities
Table C-5. Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Table C-6. Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Table C-7. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by
State and selected area 1
452 Table C -l.
467
468
468
469
470
1 This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.
2 The labor turnover tables (B -l and B-2) have been dropped from the Review pending a general revision of the Current Labor Statistics section because,
beginning with January 1959 data, the categories for which labor turnover rates are published differ from those previously published. Current data are avail
able monthly in Employment and Earnings or m ay be obtained upon request.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
439
440
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
CONTENTS—Continued
D .— Consumer and W holesale Prices
471
472
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
479
Table D -l. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: All items and
major groups of items
Table D-2. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Food, housing,
apparel, transportation, and their subgroups
Table D-3. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Special groups
of items
Table D-4. Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Retail prices
and indexes of selected foods
Table D-5. Consumer Price Index—All items indexes, by city
Table D -6. Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
Table D-7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
Table D-8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
Table D-9. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
Table D-10. Indexes of wholesale prices, by stage of processing
Table D -ll. Indexes of wholesale prices, by durability of product
E.— Work Stoppages
480 Table E -l.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
F.— Building and Construction
481 Table F -l.
482 Table F-2.
483 Table F-3.
483
Table F-4.
484 Table F-5.
485 Table F-6.
Expenditures for new construction
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of
construction
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership,
class of construction, and type of building
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan
location and State
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by owner
ship and location, and construction cost
G.— Work Injuries
486 Table G -l.
Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries 3
8 This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the Review.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
441
A.— E M P L O Y M E N T
A.—Employment
T able
A -l.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and over 1
Employment status
Feb.
Jan.
Annual average
1958
1959
Dec.
N ov.3
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1958
19573
Total, both sexes
71,284
70,746
67,160
5,173
1,946
1, 517
562
795
353
61,988
67,168
43, 213
8,218
3,252
2,476
4,830
2, 551
1,265
667
346
68, 647
4, 681
1,833
959
438
785
667
63,966
58,122
44,873
7,324
3,047
2,876
5, 844
3, 827
1,361
457
199
67,946
2,936
1,485
650
240
321
239
65, Oil
58, 789
46,238
6,953
2, 777
2,821
6,222
4,197
1,413
416
196
48, 073 47,981 48,190 48,418 48, 756 48, 759 50,017 50,359 50,005 48,858 48,396 48,126 47,944
45, 514 45,417 45, 601 45,822 46,155 46,155 47,412 47,759 47,406 46,252 45, 774 45, 510 45,332
Civilian labor force------------------3,359 3,282 2, 902 2,504 2,454 2, 615 3,081 3,513 3,521 3,266 3,492 3, 743 3,632
Unemployment--------------------42’
156 42,135 42, 699 43,318 43, 701 43, 539 44,331 44,247 43, 884 42,986 42,282 41, 767 41, 700
Employm ent............ ...................
37, 991 37,981 38, 464 38,614 38, 693 38,623 39,040 38,901 38, 588 37,962 37, 578 37,340 37,429
Nonagricultural....................
32,005 32,423 30,966 32, 547 32, 714 31,608 30,078 32,141 31,862 30,867 30, 552 29, 833
31,
433
Worked 35 hours or more----3^882 3,434 3, 418 5,160 3, 505 3,119 3,065 3,362 3,418 3,555 4,027 4,087 4,326
Worked 15-34 hours___
1,399 1, 414 1,294 1,261 1,122 1,154 1,312 1,246 1,395 1,395 1.427 1,494
1,456
Worked 1-14 hours.......
1,220 1,143 1,210 1,195 1, 378 1,669 3,214 4,149 1,782 1,151 1,289 1,273 1,776
4,165 4,154 4, 235 4,704 5, 008 4, 916 5,291 5, 346 5,296 5,024 4,704 4,427 4,271
Agricultural2, 509 2,582 2,644 3,362 3, 961 3, 691 4,058 3, 906 4,214 3,930 3,281 2,777 2,393
971
947 1,000
753
912
733
787
742
866
660
854
933
'928
Worked 15-34 hours586
329
420
247
261
330
313
307
281
308
443
448
425
Worked 1-14 hours. 321
147
230
89
93
198
184
126
106
216
168
270
303
48, 802
48, 649
Total labor force____________________ 70, 062 70,027 70, 701 71,112 71,743 71,375 72,703 73,104 73,049 71,603
Civilian labor force__________________ 67,471 67,430 68,081 68,485 69, 111 68,740 70,067 70,473 70,418 68,965
U nem ploym ent__________________ 4,749 4,724 4,108 3,833 3,805 4, Hi 4,699 5,294 5,437 4,904
Unemployed 4 weeks or less— _ 1,600 1,861 1,706 1,632 1, 522 1,569 1,716 2,009 2,569 1, 778
930
875
644
933 1,198
667
695
771
Unemployed 5-10 weeks _______ 1,176 1,044
444
372
357
436
399
225
272
444
328
509
Unemployed 11-14 weeks ______
798
931 1,146
573
678
499
581
520
557
Unemployed 15-26 weeks ______
727
872
689
605
972
888
735
811
818
782
Unemployed over 26 w e e k s ____
737
Kmployment
_______ 62, 722 62,706 63,973 64,653 65,306 64.629 65, 367 65,179 64,981 64,061
1STonagricultural _____________ 58,030 58,013 59,102 58,958 58, 902 58, 438 58, 746 58,461 58,081 57,789
Worked 35 hours or more----- 44, 968 46,044 47,076 44,114 46,522 46,719 44, 440 42,289 45,352 45, 619
Worked 15-34 hours________ 7,745 6,880 6,960 9,915 7, 221 6,381 6,099 6,336 6,668 7,147
Worked 1-14 hours.. ______ 3,424 3,288 3,313 3,146 3,062 2, 751 2, 522 2,749 2,863 3,224
With a job but not at work *. 1,894 1,801 1,753 1,783 2,094 2,580 5,684 7,087 3,198 1,799
Agricultural
_______________ 4,692 4,693 4,871 5,695 6,404 6,191 6,621 6,718 6,900 6,272
Worked 35 hours or more___ 2, 677 2,772 2,845 3, 750 4, 690 4,263 4,668 4,442 4,861 4,452
Worked 15-34 hours________ 1,217 1,132 1,266 1,369 1,212 1,348 1,339 1,564 1,533 1,370
399
348
485
436
376
405
390
522
504
479
Worked 1-14 hours.. ______
107
103
228
126
144
209
187
285
238
318
W ith a job but not at work *.
70,681 70,158 69,804
68,027
5,120
1,725
933
577
1,301
585
62,907
57,349
44,166
7,840
3,190
2,153
5,558
3,561
1,390
444
162
67, 510
5,198
1, 753
1,153
845
1,045
401
62,311
67,239
44,206
7,789
3,346
1,899
5,072
2,945
1,373
503
251
Males
Total labor force.
46,197
3 ,1Ö5
43,042
38,240
31, 390
3, 736
1,329
1, 784
4, 802
3,413
857
353
179
Females
Total labor force------- ----------------------- 21,989 22,046 22, 510 22,695 22, 987 22, 617 22, 686 22,745 23,043 22,745
Civilian labor force--------------------------- 21,957 22,013 22, 479 22,663 22,956 22,586 22,655 22,714 23,012 22,713
Unemployment----------------------------- 1,391 1,442 1,206 1,329 1,351 1,496 1,619 1,781 1,915 1,638
Employm ent_____________________ 20, 566 20, 571 21,273 21,334 21,605 21, 090 21,036 20,933 21,096 21,075
N onagricultural----------------------- 20,039 20,032 20, 638 20,343 20,209 19, 815 19, 706 19,560 19,493 19,826
Worked 35 hours or more----- 13, 534 14,039 14,653 13,147 13, 975 14.006 12,833 12, 211 13,210 13, 757
Worked 15-34 hours------------- 3,863 3,446 3,542 4,755 3, 717 3,263 3,035 2,974 3,250 3,592
Worked 1-14 hours-------------- 1,968 1,889 1,900 1,852 1,801 1,629 1,368 1,437 1,617 1,829
648
918 2, 471 2,939 1,416
544
589
716
658
With a job but not at work *.
673
991 1,396 1,275 1,330 1,373 1,603 1,249
539
635
527
Agricultural- _________________
522
647
536
729
572
610
388
190
201
168
Worked 35 hours or more----617
652
801
552
561
597
503
333
278
290
Worked 15-34 hours-----------138
100
156
95
123
98
82
80
54
56
Worked 1-14 hours-------------18
10
29
25
21
18
19
21
15
With a Job but not at work A
15
i Estimates are based on Information obtained from a sample of households
and are subject to sampling variability. Data relate to the calendar week
ending nearest the 15th day of the month. The employed total includes all
wage and salary workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid workers in
family-operated enterprises. Persons in Institutions are not Included.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
1 Beginning with January 1957, two groups numbering between 200,000 and
300,000 which were formerly classified as employed (under “with a job but
not at work”) were assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unem
ployed. For a full explanation, see M onthly Report on the Labor Force,
500 1 0 8 — 59-------6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22,286 22,032 21,861
22,482
22,097
22,000
1,456
20, 544
19,899
13,654
3,701
1,919
625
645
169
373
83
20
22,451
1, 526
20,924
19,882
13, 483
3,589
1, 718
1,093
1,042
414
504
104
20
22,064
1,043
21,021
19,837
13,692
3,491
1,580
1,073
1,184
482
571
107
25
22,254
1,629
20,625
19, 770
13,299
3,813
1,795
864
855
280
444
115
15
21,829
1,541
20,288
19, 729
13,380
3,892
1, 759
700
659
159
294
81
25
February 1957 (Current Population Reports, Labor Force, Series P-57,
No. 176).
* Survey week contained legal holiday.
* Includes persons who had a job or business but who did not work during
the survey week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor dispute.
Prior to January 1957, also included were persons on layoff with definite
instructions to return to work within 30 days of layofl and persons who had
new jobs to which they were scheduled to report within 30 days. Most of
the persons in these groups have, since that time, been classified as unem
ployed.
S o u r c e : U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
442
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
T able
A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Feb.2 Jan.2 Dec.
Total employees________________________
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
50,233 50,292 51,935 51,432 51,136 51, 237 50,576 50,178 50,413 49,949 49, 726 49, 690 49,777 52,162 51,766
Mining__________ __________ __________
M etal________________________________
Iron_____________ ____ _____________
Copper...........................................................
Lead and zinc_______________________
695
92.2
Anthracite___________________________
Bituminous-coal______________________
191.7
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
duction____ ______ _____ __________
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)___________
705
94.2
31.3
30.2
13.0
713
93.4 I
30.3 !
30.2 !
12.7
712
93.7
31.2
29.6
12.1
708
90.6
31.9
27.5
11.1
711
90.7
31.8
28.4
11.4
708
88.8
29.9
27.7
11.5
705
90. (
30.2
27.1
12.1
717
92. Í
30.4
28.2
13.3
711
91.7
28 7
28.2
13.7
716
91.2
27.6
28.1
13.9
733
95.9
31.3
28.9
14.1
747
97.8
32.0
29.3
14.4
809
111.2
38.9
32.6
16.7
807
108.8
35.1
33.3
17.4
19.5
192.3
19.6
192.2
19.5
190.5
19.3
189.1
18.5
187.2
18.1
184.5
19.4
179.6
19.2
190.1
20.0
192.2
19.6
199.0
22.8
206.3
24.1
212.4
28.4
230.0
29.3
228.0
296.0
300.7
296.7
296.6
301.5
304.7
302.9
303.2
297.8
298.8
302.6
309.5
326.2
324.8
181.1
182.7
182.9
184.0
187.8
190.4
190.8
190.4
187.8
188.7
189.3
190.2
193.8
192.3
103.4
107.3
111.2
112.4
113.0
111.6
112.4
111.8
109.5
107.6
105.0
103.2
113.3
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____
103.2
Contract construction...________________
Non building construction______________
Highway and street construction_____
Other non building construction______
Building construction_________________
General contractors__________________
Special-trade contractors_____________
Plumbing and heating_____________
Painting and decorating____ _______
Electrical work______ _____ ________
Other special-trade contractors______
2,242
Ordnance and accessories______________
135.5
136.8
136.1
133.9
129.2
130. 4
128.5
127.2
125.4
123.5
122.8
121.9
121.1
129.3
131.9
604.6
611.1
81. 5
301. 3
630.3
89.4
309.8
645.2
96.2
317.2
659.3
100.3
324.5
655.1
99.0
324.4
645.7
94.7
323.7
637.0
92.8
320.0
643.3
100.2
318.4
606.6
81.1
307.1
585.1
71.6
296.7
579.9 581.5
69. C 69.6
295.3 294.9
654.6
87.1
331.6
735.6
108 0
378.0
130.3
44.1
53.9
132.8
44.8
53.5
133.4
44.9
53.5
135.1
45.7
53.7
133. 6
45.2
52.9
131.4
43.6
52.3
128.0
44.6
51.6
127.0
45.6
52.1
121.3
45.2
51.9
120.4
44.1
52.3
118.7
44.2
52.7
121.2
43.2
52.6
128.7
49. 7
67.5
135.7
54.5
58.8
374.1
272.5
369.8
267.5
373. 5
271.1
374. 3
271.7
369.9
266.4
360.2
258. 4
345. 5
248.6
346.4
246.5
343.0
244.7
343.9
245.9
351.1
251.0
356. 7
254.5
375.6
265.9
380.1
267.2
115.2
2,342 2,486 2,784 2,887 2,927 2,955 2,882 2,806 2,685 2, 493 2,316 2,173 2, »08 2,929
433
506
605
652
672
670
656
520
647
439
611
400
586
593
—
174.9 217.0 286.7 317.3 328.4 326. 1 318. 1 311. i 280. 5 214.7 162.6 142. 8 250.1 257.9
—
258.0 289.0 318.1 335.1 343. 5 343. 6 337. 7 335.8 330.0 305.2 276.2 257. 5 335. 6 335.3
1,909 1,980 2,179 2,235 2, 255 2,285 2. 226 2,159 2,074 1,973 1,877 1, 773 2,222 2,336
652. i 677.8 769.0 789.2 802. 1 825. ( 811. (
789. \ 764. 0 720. t 688.4 648.8 869.3 970.0
1,257. 2 1, 302. 5 1, 410. 3 1, 445. 3 1, 453. 0 1, 459. 5 1, 414. € 1,369. 8 1, 309. 9 1, 252. C l. 188. 6 1,124.3 1, 352 7 1,366.0
296.7 308.6 315.3 323.7 321.9 318.7 311.6 299.6 285.9 282.3 284.7 288.0 321. 7 328.7
—
148.2 163.8 181.6 189.4 193. 5 200. 7 197.4 180. 4 171.2 152.5 139.0 128.9 164.2 170.9
170.7 177.4 179.3 183.9 187. 1 182.2 173. (
166.9 162.6 160.8 163.2 168.2 188.9 186.2
641. 6 652.7 734.1 748.3 750.5 757.9 732.0 722.9 690.2 656. 4 601.7 539. 2 677.9 680.2
Manufacturing__ _____________________ 15,737 15,676 15,749 15,795 15,536 15,755 15,462 15,161 15,206 15,023 15,104 15,355 15,593
16,782 16,903
Durable goods____________________ 9,039 8,986 8,989 8,982 8, 663 8,814 8, 571 8,496 8,564 8,480 8, 564 8,742 8,906 9,821
9,835
Nondurable goods_________________ 0, 693 6,690 6, 760 6,813 6, 873 6, 941 6,891 6,665 6,642 6,543 6,540 6,613 6,687
6,961 7,068
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_________________________
Logging camps and contractors...............
Sawmills and planing m ills.....................
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products___________
Wooden containers___ _____ _________
Miscellaneous wood products_________
—
—
—
Furniture and fixtures_________________
Household furniture_________________
Office, public-building, and profes
sional furniture____________________
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fix
tures_____________________________
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures.............................
378.1
Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Flat glass..................................................
Glass and glassware, pressed or blow n..
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic................... ............. .
Structural clay products..........................
Pottery and related products_________
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod
ucts.—..................... ..................................
Cut-stone and stone products____ ____
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products__________________________
505.7
—
44.4
44.8
45.0
44.8
45.6
44.5
41.2
42.3
41.9
43.1
43.7
44.1
48.0
48.4
33.9
34.2
34.2
34.5
35.0
34.8
33.7
34.3
33.9
33.9
34.5
35.8
37.9
37.9
23.3
23.3
23.2
23.3
22.9
22.5
22.0
23.3
22.5
21.0
21.9
22.3
23.8
26.6
507.6
23. 5
94.2
17. ó
39.3
70. 3
44. 7
519.0
23.3
96.0
17.3
41.7
74.2
45.1
522.1
22.4
96.4
17.3
42.3
75.1
45.3
519.4
16.4
97.6
17.3
42.8
76.0
44.7
535.0
31.9
98.9
16.7
43.1
75.9
43.9
526.3
30.3
96.9
16.0
42.6
76.1
42.6
519.4
28.3
97.3
15.6
42.6
75.2
42.1
513.4
27.7
95.9
15.4
43 2
73.0
41.9
501.8
26.3
93.6
15.1
42.7
71.2
41.9
498.5
27.3
92.8
15.3
41.2
70.0
44.0
499.1
28.2
93.8
15.7
40.1
69.0
44.9
504.3
31.7
93.5
16.4
40.3
69.9
45.2
552. 5
34.7
98.8
17.9
42.0
80. 4
49.8
563.3
35.1
95.9
17 8
43.6
86. 6
54.1
106.6
17. 8
110.1
18.3
112.6
18.5
114.1
19.0
116.3
19.0
115.4
18.3
112.9
18.7
110.8
18.4
107.5
17.9
103.5
18.3
101.2
17.8
99.8
17.5
112.0
19.0
116.2
19.5
93.9
93.0
92.2
91.5
89.3
88.1
86.7
87.1
86.1
85.6
88.4
90.0
97.9
94.5
Primary metal industries______________ 1,196.0 1,166. 5 1,155.4 1,139. 7 1,107. 7 1,103.3 1,073.2 1,060. 9 1,070. 5 1, 053. 4 1,065. 6 1,104. 0
1,134. 6 1,309. 7 1,312.6
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills_____________________________
569.8 564.2 557.9 554.5 540.7 525.4 516.5 523.9 508.1 509.8 528.9 543.9 642.7 630.2
Iron and steel foundries............................. —
211.0 208.2 203.5 188.3 194.1 185.8 189.0 189.6 189.7 193.9 200.4 208.4 233.8 243.0
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_____________________
54.9
55.1
54.3
53.5
53.4
53.8
53.7
53.9
55.3
57.1
59.0
60.9
68.1
67.8
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals__________________
12.0
11.8
11.8
11.5
11.4
11.3
11.1
10.9
10.9
11.3
11.5
11.7
13.2
14.0
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals_____________________
110.3 110.0 108.7 106.8 105.6 104.9 103. 6 102.9 101.1 103.6 104.4 105.3 115.3 118.2
Nonferrous foundries________________
61.5
58.7
58.9
53.2
56.0
54.5
53.9
55.1
57.7
58.7
71.4
77.0
Miscellaneous primary metal indus
62.5
62.1
tries...........................................................
146.0 144.0 142.0 134.4 139.2 136.0 133.81 134.8 134. 4 134.8 142.1 145.7 165.2 161.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
443
A.— E M P L O Y M E N T
T able
A-2.
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry ^C ontinued
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1958
1959
Industry
Feb.2 Jan.2
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
A.ug.
July
June
May
Apr,
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipment)............ ......................... 1,058.4 1,051.5 1,057.6 1, 061.2 1,028.2 1,056. 5 1,022.3 998.1 1,004.4 987.2 998.9 1,021.3 1.042.9 1,132.3 1,119.0
55.9
55.6
61.2
59.9
57.6
56.3
59.1
63.2
58.5
59.3
62.3
55.4
55.3
58.3
Tin cans and other tinw are....................
136.0 136.2 134.4 115.6 131.5 124.5 121.4 124.8 121.6 123.2 130.2 134.7 144.9 149.2
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware-----Heating apparatus (except electric)
108.8 109.2 112.5 113.9 112.5 110.1 106.3 107.0 105.8 108.4 108.9 107.7 110 0 121.0
and plumbers’ supplies-----------------287.8 294.8 298.5 304.8 308.8 307.1 303.8 301.6 296.9 298.0 300.9 305.3 325.2 302.4
Fabricated structural metal products. —
M etal stamping, coating, and engrav
226.9 226.4 223.3 207.8 217.1 202.2 199.0 202.0 198.8 201.3 207.0 215.6 245.3 238.7
ing..............................................................
44.5
41.4
46.0
41.7
42.5
42.6
61.4
43.3
50.5
43.8
48.2
46.0
48.0
47.8
Lighting fixtures...... ..................................
52.4
49.4
51.4
51.4
50.0
49.7
50.1
59.0
61.5
55.2
53.0
55.8
56.0
56.8
Fabricated wire products------ -----------Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod
132.0 131.7 130.2 127.8 125.3 120.5 114.7 116.5 115.7 119.4 122.5 125.7 137.4 137.2
ucts______________________________
1. 523. 4 1, 558.9 t, 579.7 1, 737.9 1, 730.1
Machinery (except electrical)---------------- 1,531.5 1,509. 4 1,493.9 1,474. 7 1,461.6 1,466.4 1, 436.9 1,449.8 1,471.9 1, 485.5
92.1
96.0
95.0
89.2
93.2
90.2
90.0
96.4
84.1
91.2
92.3
96.4
97.6
95.9
Engines and turbines........ .......................
130.5 123.9 123.1 139.5 138.2 134.7 136.1 136.0 136.8 143.9 145.6 143.9 148. 4 150.0
Agricultural machinery and tractors..
132.3
119.6
124.6
129.0
153.
1
153.1
119.0
118.7
116.9
118.5
115.7
120.2
123.2
114.1
Construction and mining machinery..
220.6 218.5 215.1 209.2 210.8 205.6 211.6 218.1 225.3 231.0 239.8 245.2 287. 6 284.3
Metalworking machinery----------------- —
Special-industry machinery (except
156.5 156.1 155.4 154. 8 155.4 155.1 154.3 156.8 158.6 162.0 164.9 169.0 181.0 187.8
metalworking machinery)...............
213.6 213.0 212.2 211.0 212.6 211.6 212.5 217.8 219.0 223.4 231.0 235.1 254.8 256.7
General Industrial machinery........ ........
128.4 130.6 130.3 129.1 127.2 124.1 123.6 124.2 122.1 121.8 122.2 119.9 137.7 126.1
Office and store machines and devlces. —
Service-industry and household ma
177.4 173. 6 171.2 165.9 165.2 158.5 163.8 165.7 167.2 171.1 173.7 175.1 189.9 209.2
chines........... .............. ..................- ..........
261.6 261.6 257.4 245.2 247.8 238.6 239.7 244.6 244.8 252.4 257.8 263.2 289.0 278.8
Miscellaneous machinery parts---------Electrical machinery.................................... 1,172. 0 1,170.9 1,166.2 1,164.9 1,119. 5 1,133.1 1,104.6 1,078.5 1,079.9 1,077.6 1,092.3 1,114.4 1,132.4 1,223.3 1, 202.1
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa385.4 381.9 377.2 361.1 367.9 363. 7 360.2 362.4 365.0 372.0 381.6 389.1 420.2 416.1
ratus—...................................................
34.9
35. 6
40 9
33.5
34.8
49.8
31.9
31.8
33.1
35.3
34.6
35.3
35.9
37.0
Electrical appliances...............................
24.9
25.3
24.3
27.2
26.4
23.2
24.4
23.7
24.6
26.9
26.2
28.0
28.2
27.6
Insulated wire and cable------- --------—
66.4
64.0
57.7
60.7
75.2
73.9
57.8
58.1
58.4
50.5
63.8
65.2
67.8
65.7
Electrical equipment for vehicles.........
26.2
27.8
28.7
26.8
28.5
24.6
25.5
30.2
25.1
25.6
25.2
26.0
25.8
26.1
Electric lamps----------------- ------ - ..........
583.5 582.5 582.6 576.0 569.4 554. 6 536.6 532.3 526.7 528.3 535. 3 541.0 579.8 557.8
Communication equipment—...............
45.9
46.3
45.4
44.8
45.4
49.8
49.6
44.2
44.1
45.1
46.0
46.9
46.7
46.7
Miscellaneous electrical products.........
Transportation equipment------------------- 1, 672. 8 1, 600. 0 1, 681. 4 1, 670. 4 1,461.8 1, 572. 2 1, 500.3 1, 528. 6 1, 547.8 1,546. 4 1, 570.0 1, 620.2 1,676.0 t. 878.1 1. 823.4
734.0 716.8 702.7 506.4 613.0 548.9 579.2 592. 9 596.4 605.6 648.8 702.0 786.3 809.9
Motor vehicles and equipment............. .
756.5 767.4 767.3 763.1 763.7 755.2 751.2 751.2 742.8 754.2 756.6 756.8 861. 7 809.3
Aircraft and parts......................... - .........
462. 0 462.6 459.7 460.9 458.9 455.9 454.2 445.5 456.6 457.8 455.3 522.3 494.4
456.4
Aircraft.....................- ......................... —
148.6 152.0 152.1 152.6 153.9 150.9 151.3 151.7 151.6 152.3 152. 4 154.0 179.1 167.1
Aircraft engines and parts..................
20.3
20.6
20.5
16.9
19.3
19.8
18.0
17.2
18.8
16.2
17.0
15.8
15.0
15.7
Aircraft propellers and parts..............
136.5 137.6 136.9 134.6 131.9 128.2 126.0 126. 5 126.4 125.5 126.1 126.9 139.8 130.9
Other aircraft parts and equipment..
144.8 142.3 146.0 142.2 140.9 141.1 142.1 146.9 146.7 144.8 145.9 147.1 148.8 130.0
Ship and boat building and repairing..
124.2 122.4 127.1 124.7 124.6 125.3 124.7 127.6 125.5 123.7 125.4 125.8 126.9 109.8
Shipbuilding and repairing................
21.3
21.2
20.5
21.9
21.1
20.2
17.4
19.3
15.8
17.5
16.3
19.9
20.6
18.9
Boatbuilding and repairing................
52.2
61.8
60.2
71.6
57.1
64.3
47.3
47.8
45.3
39.9
44.5
46.1
45.8
44.5
Railroad equipment-----------------------8.3
8.3
8.4
8.7
9.7
9.9
8.8
9.0
10.2
9.8
10.1
9.1
8.6
9.9
Other transportation equipment-------325.6 320.2 320.2 318.8 316.9 313.0 309.1 306.8 308.6 309.3 313.7 317.4 320.9 837. 9 335.6
Instruments and related products--------Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
59.3
58.3
65.1
58.1
64.9
56.9
57.1
57.5
57.5
57.9
57.8
59.2
58.7
58.2
Instrum ents................- ------ -------Mechanical measuring and controlling
84.7
85.5
90.9
87.2
82.2
83.5
81.4
82.2
81.1
84.7
83.6
85.6
85.8
85.5
Instruments.........................................
13.4
13.3
13.9
13.5
13.4
13.9
13.6
13.7
14.4
13.8
14.6
15.0
15.0
15.0
Optical Instruments and lenses---------- ______
Surgical, medical, and dental Instru
41.4
41.9
41.4
41.7
42.0
41.0
41.3
41.1
41.2
41.0
41.3
42.1
41.4
42.3
ments__________________________
24.3
24.4
23.6
23.9
25.2
25.7
23.6
23.0
23.1
23.6
22.0
24.0
24.3
23.8
Ophthalmic goods.....................................
67.2
64.9
65. 7
66. 5
70.0
68.5
64.8
64.9
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.9
64.1
65.1
Photographic apparatus--------- --------28.6
29.2
30.8
26.6
34.4
27.7
25.3
26.1
29.2
27.8
29.9
29.9
29.5
29.8
Watches and clocks------------------------458. 6 448.0 459.3 478.0 484.6 478.6 463.7 444.0 452.8 445.9 449.5 453.6 455.6 490.0 501.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries.
44.1
44.9
46.3
49.9
42.5
43.2
42.6
43.1
43.1
45.3
46.1
45.8
46.3
45.0
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..
16.9
16.2
18.2
18.5
15.7
16.1
14.7
15.7
15.9
16.7
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
Musical instruments and parts.............
73.6
90.6
79.3
75.8
94.8
81.3
84.9
84.2
89.7
92.9
92.9
71.6
85.2
66.0
Toys and sporting goods........ ................
31.9
31.6
32.0
31.9
31.9
32.1
31.5
28.7
29.6
29.8
29.9
29.4
28.8
29.9
Pens, pencils, other office supplies.......
59.5
61 4
58.3
64.5
53.9
55.0
54.6
56.0
59.0
61.0
61.8
59.0
60.9
60.2
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions----85.4
91. 5
80.9
83.8
79.1
87. 5
80.6
80.0
87.4
85.9
82.8
87.9
87.1
86.7
Fabricated plastics products ...............
143.7
143.
5
150.0
154.1
144.1 148.3 151.2 149.4 147.2 142.8 138.6 141.6 141.5 142.9
Other manufacturing Industries-------Nondurable goods
416. 6 1,385.3 1,379.2 1,386.8 1, 509.8 1, 548.6
Food and kindred products....................... 1,370.1 1,387.3 1,438. 6 1, 488.5 1, 555.4 1, 623. 2 1,621. 4 1, 529. 7 1,484.3 1, 302.0
294.1 297.5 302.7 326.2 337.0
304.7 '312.2 313.4 313.1 312.7 310.0 307.2 306.8
Meat products..........................................
95.8 104.9 108.7
99.1
97. 5
103.4
107.2
107.4
105.
7
96.8
101.
c
93.9
91.4
93.5
Dairy products____________________
161.7 181.1 211.6 271.7 347. C 342.0 254.5 210.1 174.3 169.9 157. 7 161.2 220.8 233.3
Canning and preserving.......................
111. 7 114.3 118.4
111.
7
112.2
111.3
115.3
117.0
116.0
117.
(
115.7
112.2
113.3
113.
Grain-mill products________________
280.
282.3 283.9 285. Í 285. *. 286.0 287.3 287.4 283.3 281.9 282.1 282.7 287.2 288.4
Bakery products........................ - ............
26. 4
31.3
25.1
31.6
27. 4
25. 7
26 7
27.1
28.9
26.8
42.5
41.0
46.0
30.1
8ugar..........—................................. - ...........
77. 6
75. 5
78. 7
7U. 4
71. U 74.0
68.6
71.5
75.5
79. f
82. f]
so.;
81. S
76.
Confectionery and related produ cts...
200.3 196.9 209.9 213.0
205.3|
198.1
216.8
220.2
216.6
209.5
211.0
202.5
208.5
196.
Beverages-------- -----------------------------141.4 142.7 138.3 i 134.2 loo. o¡ loo. y 137. 7 139. &
134.81 135.9 138.3 139.6 141.
133.
Miscellaneous food products-------------
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
444
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
T able A -2 .
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1- -Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Jan. 2 Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
Manufacturing—Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Tobacco manufactures...............................
Cigarettes— ............................................
Cigars........................................................
Tobacco and s n u ff ........... ....................
Tobacco stemming and redrying........
Textile-mill products...............................
Scouring and combing plants..................
Yarn and thread mills........ ................
Broad-woven fabric mills__ „_____
Narrow fabrics and small wares___
Knitting mills.......................................
Dyeing and finishing textiles.............
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Hats (except cloth and m illinery)...
Miscellaneous textile goods________
84.1
952.4
89.0
37.1
27.3
6.4
18. 2
93.3
37.0
28.7
6. 5
21.1
95.5
37.2
29.1
6.5
22.7
104.1
36.6
29.1
6.5
31.9
106.8
36. Í
28.7
6.5
34.7
96.3
36.9
28.0
6.5
24.3
79.4
36.:
27.7
6.'
9.0
80.1
36.5
28.7
6.5
8.4
79.7
36.
28.6
6.5
8.6
80.
35.
28.3
6.9.1
84.:
35. €
29.8
6.
12.4
946.3 953.1
5. 4
5. 5
108.6 109.8
398. 2 399.8
28. 7
28.8
205.8 210.1
86.1
86. 4
46.7
46.3
10. C
9.9
56. 8
56.5
958.4
5. :
110.1
400.2
28.5
215.6
86.2
45.9
10.2
56.4
954.7
5.5
109.5
399. (
28. <
217J
85.5
45.5
9.8
55.2
951.4
5.5
109. C
399.2
28.2
216.2
84.8
44.6
9.9
54.2
946.4
5.6
108.3
398. ]
27.6
215.3
84.9
43.3
10.4
52.9
920.4
5.5
104.4
392. {
26.8
204.6
82. Í
41.7
9.Í
51.7
930.6
5.4
106.9
394.:
26. Í
208. 7
83.8
42.2
10.4
52.0
921.8
5. (
106.2
393.0
26.4
203.3
83. Í
42.4
10.3
51.3
928.0
5. (
106.9
398.8
26.7
199.9
84. Í
44.5
9.7
51.6
935.9
5.0
107.7
404.5
27.2
197.7
84.6
46.1
10.1
53.0
89.6
35.8
30.6
6.4
16.8
94 1
34 fi
32 6
ft ft
20.3
98.1
34.2
34.5
7.0
22.4
045.8 1, 004 8 1,057. 0
5.1
fi fi 0.6
109.4 116 0 122.7
408.5 42« 7 456.9
27.3
29 1
29.8
198.0 214 fi 221.1
85.8
«K 4
91.7
46.7
51 fi
54.3
10.5
10 fi
12.3
54.5
60.5
62.2
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts_____________________________ 1,207.9 1,181.1 1,183. 8 1,183.2 1,181.2 1,184.3 1,172.1 1,120. 7 1,122. 5 1,113. 4 1,115.5 1,148.2 1,181. 4 1,19« fi
1, 211.2
109.2 109.0 106.2 106.4 109.7 107.2 103.1 107.4 105.7 101.5 109.8 111.2
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats____ _
117.6 123.1
Men's and boys’ furnishings and work
JfcSJ«'
clothing....... ............................................ .
315.6 316. 4 315.9 317.4 317.7 314.5 307.3 310.4 304.2 302.7 311.1 311.9 31 fi fi 317.4
W omen's outerwear_________________
347.3 346.8 345.2 339.9 343.5 348.9 328.1 319.2 328.8 332.8 333.8 357.1 352 1
114.9 116.8 118.7 117.5 115.1 112.6 106.5 109.9 110.0 114.0 115.5 116.0 119 fi 354.2
Women's, children’s undergarments....
120.9
M illinery___________________ ______
20. 5
18. 5
19. Ç 21.1
16.8
20.4
16.7
12.1
13.8
14.9
20. 4
21.9
1« 7
18.9
Children's outerwear________________
75. 5
73.5
73.4
74.8
76.0
74.8
75.4
75.4
70.3
07.9
71.8
75.2
74
0
73.8
Fur goods...................... ............................
9.4
10. 5
12.0
12. C 11.9
10.7
11.2
11.1
10.3
8.8
9.7
9.9
IO 4
11.3
56. 5
58.1
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
59.9
59.5
58.3
60.3
53.1
53.9
55.6
53.9
55.7
55.9
fiQ 2
62.7
132.2 134.2 135.1 133.0 131.0 123.5 119.3 119.7 118.1 119.0 120.4 122.3 130.5
Other fabricated textile products_____
128.9
IP
Paper and allied products_________
549.7 549.7 551.0 553.7 553.8 554.5 550.2 537.8 542.0 539.3 541.7 543.6 545.7 5fìfi 3 567.7
Pulp, paper and paperboard mills.
270.7 270. 2 271.4 270.7 271.7 272.3 265.3 267.9 266.8 268.1 268.0 268.8 277 4 278.0
150. 4 152.5 154.3 154.1 153.2 149.9 146.0 147.2 146.2 145.8 147.2 147.9 1fifi 3
Paperboard containers and boxes..
Other paper and allied products....
128.6 128.3 128.0 129.0 129.6 128.0 126.5 126.9 126.3 127.8 128.4 129.0 13316 155.7
134.0
Printing, publishing and allied industrles. 852.0 852.1 857.4 856.8 858.3 854.8 847.8 844.2 847.2 845.5 850.9 854.2 853.2 «57 9
850.5
Newspapers_______________________
317.2 318.1 318.8 318.2 316.1 315.7 315.8 316.9 316.1 314.9 315.5 315.0 315 0
311.9
Periodicals_________________________
61.7
61. 7
62.6
62.4
60.0
63.0
59.5
60.1
60.8
61.5
61.8
62.1
fil 7
64.4
Books.______ _____________________
56. 4
56.1
55.6
55.4
54.8
55.3
54.3
54.0
54.3
54.7
55.2
55.2
55 5 53.6
Commercial printing_______________
220.3 221.7 219.9 221.5 220.7 218.1 218.0 219.5 219.1 221.5 222.8 222.1 223 0
221.2
Lithographing______________________
65.1
66.8
66.4
65.2
65.6
66.2
65.0
65.4
65.2
65.4
65.7
65.5
fifi 7
64.3
Greeting cards________ _____ _______
19.9
20.5
21.1
21.9
22.4
21.7
20.5
20.5
18.8
18.3
17.8
18.1
19 5
19.6
44. 2
44. 4
Bookbinding and related industries__
44.0
45.4
45.4
44.2
44.2
44.4
43.9
44.4
44.8
44.6
46.1
46.0
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services__________________________
67.3
68.1
67.6
67.5
67.5
67.5
66.9
66.6
67.1
70.2
70.6
70.6
69.5
Chemicals and allied products___ _____
824.2 823.4 823.7 823.7 825.1 821.4 816.0 805.9 809.0 816.8 826.6 825.4 824.5 «44 «
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
100.2
99.9 100.5 100.0 100.7 101.0 100.8 101.7 102.1 103.7 104.4 104.9 10« 2 833.2
Industrial organic chemicals_________
314.2 312.8 312.2 311.3 311.1 310.4 305.9 305.8 306.1 309.0 310.5 313.7 323 fi 108.6
318.1
Drugs and medicines________________
103.4 103.0 102.7 102.7 103.2 103.9 103.7 102.9 102.6 102.9 102.7 102.1
100.0
96.7
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara
tions____________________________
50.3
50.1
50.5
51.1
50.0
50.9
49.2
48.5
47.9
47.8
48.2
48.3
50
0
50.1
73.4
Paints, pigments, and fillers....................
73.7
74.4
73.7
74.0
73.8
73.4
72.3
71.2
71.6
72.3
72.6
75 4
75.6
Gum and wood chemicals_________
7. 5
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.7
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
«
5
8.4
Fertilizers________________ _____ _
35.1
33.2
32.0
30.9
34.1
32.9
30.2
33.7
42.7
46.3
41.1
35.5
35 «
36.0
Vegetable and animal oils and fa ts..
40.3
41.7
42.8
38.9
36.0
42.8
35.3
36.1
35.8
36.5
37.4
38.4
40
5
40.9
99.2 101. 5 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.6
Miscellaneous chemicals__________
99.5 100.3 100.4 100.9 100.9 101.1 IO218
98.8
Products of petroleum and coal................... 225.0 232.5 233.6 235.1 233.1 238.7 239.2 239.7 239.1 238 3 237.9 238.4 241.4 249 5
Petroleum refining_____________ _____
186. 9 187. 5 188.5 186.0 191.5 192.9 193.5 192.6 192.9 193.3 194.2 195.2 199.1 252.1
200.8
Coke, other petroleum and coal
products___ _____ ___________ _____
45.6
46.1
46.6
47.2
47.1
46.3
46.2
46.5
45.4
44.6
44.2
46.2
51.3
50.4
Rubber products--------------------------------Tires and inner t u b e s ..._____________
Rubber footwear___________ ____ ____
Other rubber products_____ _________
257.8
259.1
104.0
21. 2
133.9
257.2
103.4
21. 2
132.6
253.7
102.1
21.2
130.4
252.8
101.0
21.4
130.4
245.3
99.7
21.1
124.5
238.9
98.1
20.6
120.2
233.0
96.6
20.1
116.3
233.5
96.8
20.5
116.2
230.5
96.3
20.0
113.6
234.7
98.4
20.7
115.6
243.6
102.5
20.9
120.2
251.4
105.6
21. 3
124. 5
2rt5 2
110 0
21 9
133.3
269.2
111.5
24.1
133.6
Leather and leather products____ ______
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings...
Footwear (except rubber)_______
Luggage------ ----------------------------------Handbags and small leather goods____
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
Bee footnotes at end of table.
374.5
369.6
38.3
4.6
19. 9
249.1
14. 5
30.6
12.6
368.3
38.4
4. 5
19. 5
245.2
15.3
31.9
13. 5
363.9
38.2
4. 4
18.6
238.6
16.0
33.5
14.61
354.2
37.9
4.3
17.8
230.0
16.0
33.2
15.0
360.3
37.8
4. 1
17.6
237.1
15.8
32.7
15.2
362.5
37.3
3.9
18.4
240.6
15.8
31.4
15.1
354.5
36.3
3.7
18.1
238. 8
14.7
28.0
14.9
353.3
37.8
3.6
18.1
237.2
14.8
27.3
14.5
340.6
37.2
3.7
17.3
229.5
14.4
24.6
13.9
339.4
37.3
3.9
17.1
226.9
14.2
26.5
13.5
360.4
38.4
4.3
17.8
241.8
14.3
30.6
13.2
366.7
38.9
4. 6
18.8
246.2
14.4
31.2
12.6
369 9
40 7
40
18 9
243 8
15 6
30 1
Ì6.2I
379.8
42.7
5.0
19.8
246.3
16.3
32.8
16.9
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A.—EMPLOYMENT
T able
A-2.
445
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
159
1958
A nnual
average
Industry
Jan.*
D ec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
A ug.
J u ly
June
M ay
Apr.
M ar.
F eb.
1957
1956
Transportation and public utilities_______
3,837 3,881 3,885 3,897 3,886 3,897 3,907 3,904 3,874 3,883 3,910 3,944 4,151 4,161
Transportation----------------------------------- 2,492 2,499 2,538 2, 536 2,546 2, 523 2, 520 2,526 2, 527 2,499 2,503 2, 524 2,552 2,741 2,773
Interstate railroads......... ...............................
928.6 952. (
951. ( 961. (
959. S 957.9 957. Ê 957.1
951.9
965.8 989.5 1,123.4 1,190. 5
945.8
Class I railroads_____________________
810.7 824.0 831.1
841.5 839.9 844. i
837. 5 836.5 825.5 828.8
840.8
861.1
984.8 1,042.6
Local railways and bu slin es.......................
93.7
94.2
94.]
94.0
95.1
95.4
94.7
95. i
97. C
97.8
96.7
101. f
103.6 109.5
Trucking and warehousing..........................
802.7 830. ( 822.6 811.2 781. î
787. ( 790.7 790.4
774.2 770.4
779.8 782.6 812.3 803.6
Other transportation and services______
673.7 662.4 668. Î 679.9 686.9 672.4
681.8 683.4
682. C 683. e 680.7 678.6 701.8 669.1
Buslines, except local________________
40.2
39.9
40.3
41. i
42.5
43.2
43.2
42.8
42.1
41.4
41.0
40.1
42.9
42.0
Air transportation (common carrier)__
140.6 124.6 134.6 141.1 141.3 142.0 142.7 143.3 141.2 141.0 142.0 144.7 144.6 130.5
Pipe-line transportation (except nat
ural g a s )..___________ _______ _____
25.1
25.1
25.2
25.4
25.8
26.4
26.7
26.5
25.8
25.7
25.5
25.8
26.4
25.9
0 ommunication______________________
743
744
751
747
757
764
752
769
772
777
783
789
795
810
795
Telephone__________________________
705.5 709.1
712.6 713.7 718. f 725.6 730.3 732.7 737.9
743. 5 749.3
755.5 768.2 751.2
Telegraph....... ..............................................
37.3
37.4
37.3
37.7
37. S
38.3
37.5
38.5
38.6
38.5
39.1
39.0
41.4
42.6
Other public utilities__________________ ~594~
594
598
596
606
613
612
599
605
597
598
597
597
600
593
Gas and electric utilities..........................
571.6 573.8 575.2 576.5 582.7 589.1 588.8 581.9
575.4 574.4 574.3 574.5 577.2 569.1
Electric light and power utilities........
254.2 254.9 255.8 256.6 259.4 261. 6 262.0 260. C 257.7 257.6 257.6 258.1 258.7 250.2
Gas utilities........... .............. ...................
151.2 151.5 151.5 151.8 153.4 155.6 155.1 152.3 149.8 149.3 149.1 148.9 149.0 145.3
Electric light and gas utilities com
bined ___________________________
166.2 167.4 167.9 168.1 169.9 171.6 171.7 169.6 167.9 167.5 167.6 167.5 169.5 173.6
Local utilities, not elsewhere classi
fied.......... .............................................
22.5
22.7
22.5
23.1
23.5
23.5
23.2
22.9
23.0
23.0
22.8
22.4
23.0
23.6
Wholesale and retail trade___ __________
11,035 11,976 11,382 11,225 11,151 11,011 10,984 11,035 10,961 10,940 10,939 10,948 11,302 11,221
Wholesale trade.............................................. 3, 022 3,027 3,065 3, 052 3,039 3,016 2,994 2,989 2,980 2,960 2,982 3,010 3,023 3,065 3,008
Wholesalers, full-service and limited
function— .............................................
1, 773.0 1, 801. 0 1, 791.2 1, 776. 6 1, 762. 7 1, 744. 6 1,737.1 1, 730. 2 1,713. 9 1,722. 5 1,737. 8 1, 744. 8 1,772.1 1,754.0
Automotive__________ ______ ______
129.0 129.1 128.8 127.9 127.8 127.6 127.4 126.3 124.1 124.3 124.4 125.1 123.3 118.8
Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines,
and liquors-------------------------------308.3 312.6 311.9 307.7 306.1 299.0 300.8 297.4 293.5 297.8 302.8 303.0 303.4 305.0
Electrical goods, machinery, hardware,
and plumbing equipment.................
439.4 440.5 439.7 438.2 437.4 437.0 436.1 435.9 434.2 436.5 441.2 444.4 457.1 455.2
Other full-service and limited-function
wholesalers______ ______ _________
896.3 918.8 910.8 902.8 891.4 881.0 872.8 870.6 862.1 863.9 869.4 872.3 888.3 875.0
Wholesale distributors, other_________
1, 253. 7 1,264.4 1, 261. 0 1, 262.8 1, 253. 2 1, 249. 7 1, 252. 2 1, 249.8 1,245. 7 1, 259. 4 1, 271.8 1,277.9 1,293.1 1, 254.3
Retail trad e............. .............. ........................ 7,934 8,008 8, 911 8,330 8,186 8,135 8,017 7,995 8,055 8,001 7,958 7,929 7,925 8,237 8,213
General merchandise stores__________
1,376.4 1,942. 6 1, 575. 3 1, 473.8 1, 420.8 1,350.9 1,336. 7 1, 361.0 1,358.4 1,351. 5 1,331.7 1,316. 4 1,457.1 1, 455.7
Department stores and general mail
order houses_____ ____ ___________
919.2 1,260.1 1,022.7 946.1 908.1 870.8 863.5 876.7 872.4 864.5 856.9 854.0 944.4 943.8
Other general merchandise stores___
457.2 682.5 552.6 527.7 512.7 480.1 473.2 484.3 486.0 487.0 474.8 462.4 512.7 511.9
Food and liquor stores_____ ____ ____ 1, 589.2 1, 579.8 1, 629. 6 1, 610.8 1, 597.3 1, 595. 5 1, 582.1 1, 590.7 1, 594.1 1,593.6 1,591.7 1, 598. 3 1,602. 2 1,573. 9 1, 542.4
Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets.
1,152.0 1,179. 7 1,168. 6 1,156. 4 1,146. 7 1,130.6 1,139.1 1,140.1 1,140. 7 1,139.3 1,150. 0 1,151.1 1,106.9 1,076.9
Dairy product stores and dealers____
217.6 220. 0 221.0 222. 4 230.2 234.3 234.0 233.2 229.6 227.6 225.7 224.9 234.3 231.9
Other food and liquor stores________
210.2 229.9 221.2 218. 5 218.6 217.2 217.6 220.8 223.3 224.8 222.6 226.2 232. 7 233. 6
Automotive and accessories dealers___
764.3 781.2 763.0 754. 5 755.0 756.6 755.2 755.7 756.6 757.2 768.0 778.4 804.2 809.6
Apparel and accessories stores....... .........
583.8 717.2 619.3 602. 5 590.4 546.7 552.4 591.8 586.7 583.7 576.2 554.8 604.6 610.3
Other retail trade.......................................
3, 703. 6 3, 840.1 3, 761. 7 3, 757. 5 3, 773. 6 3, 780.9 3, 759.6 3. 752. 0 3, 705.4 3,673. 9 3.654. 3 3,673. 2 3, 796. 8 3, 795. 4
Furniture and appliance stores_____
392.0 410.7 397.2 392.4 388.5 385.1 384.5 385.6 385.0 385.4 387.3 390.0 394.8 395.8
Drug stores...............................................
355.2 393.7 360.1 356. 9 355.2 353.2 352.9 351.9 349.3 347.7 345.7 345.8 354.7 341.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate---------Banks and trust companies____ ________
Security dealers and exchanges_________
Insurance carriers and agents__________
Other finance agencies and real estate___
2,378
2,366
618.4
87.3
891.0
769.3
2,373
618.6
86.8
892.3
775.3
2,374
616.5
85.9
892.3
778.9
2,380
615. 5
85. 2
894.2
785.0
2,392
616.4
84.8
900.3
790.8
2,413
621.9
85.6
906.1
799.2
2,410
621.6
85.2
903.7
799.6
2,391
615.0
83.8
895.6
796.3
2,370
610.4
83.3
892.3
783.5
2,356
612. 2
83.2
893.8
766.8
2,348
612.4
83.8
892.7
759.1
2,343
612.1
84.0
889.6
756.9
2,348
6Ö2.8
83.8
869.6
792.0
2,808
678.7
82.4
825. 9
821.1
Service and miscellaneous----------------------Hotels and lodging places........ .............. .
Personal services:
Laundries__________________________
Gleaning and dyeing plants........ ............
M otion pictures______________________
6,314
6,303
459.7
6,384
467.6
6,426
473.6
6,463
478.6
6,472
526.6
6,452
608.3
6,465
607.0
6,488
538.1
6,455
510.0
6,384
499.9
6,267
476.4
6,240
476.7
6,336
531.0
6,160
515.4
306.6
166.2
176.8
307.3
166.9
179.2
309.0
168.3
183.1
311.0
169.8
191.3
311.6
166.5
195.3
314.3
163.1
195.6
317.7
167.1
193.9
318.1
173.4
192.6
314.1
172.1
193.5
310.6
168.9
192.9
310.8
164.6
185.9
311.3
162.7
186.1
326.3
169.8
204.1
332.3
165.8
223.4
Government____________________________ 8,082 8,028 8,373 8,074 8,040 7,943 7,678
Federal *_______________________ ______ 2,143 2,157 2,487 2,172 2,173 2,174 2,192
Executive__________________________
2,129. 6 2, 460.4 2,145. 5 2,145.6 2,146.8 2,164.6
Department of Defense____________
954.2 958.5 961.6 963.0 962.5 967.6
Post Office Department........................
540.0 861.0 542.7 538.8 539.0 541.6
635.4 640.9 641.2 643.8 645.3 655.4
Other agencies________ ____ _______
22.1
22.1
22.2
22.3
Legislative....................................................
22.0
22.2
4.8
Judicial..........................................................
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.7
State and local4____ ______ ___________ 5,939 5, 871 5,886 5,902 5, 867 5, 769 5,486
State......... ....................................................
1, 512. 7 1,517.4 1,517.6 1, 517.1 1, 476.3 1,443.9
4, 358.1 4, 368.1 4,384.1 4,349. 7 4, 292.7 4,041.9
Local..............................................................
Education___________________ ______
2, 735. 9 2, 742. 5 2, 742. 6 2, 716. 7 2,573. 9 2,230.2
3,134. 9 3,143. 0 3,159.1 3,150.1 3,195.1 3, 255.6
Other______________________________
7,664
2,192
2,164. 7
968.8
538.9
657.0
22.2
4.7
5,472
1.443.7
4,027.9
2, 223. 2
3,248. 4
7,866
2,184
2,156.8
966.5
535.9
654.4
22.3
4.8
5,682
L, 466. 7
4, 215.0
2, 483. 2
3,198.5
7,870
2.151
2,123.8
958.3
528.2
637.3
22.0
4.7
5, 719
1,473.1
4, 245.5
2, 608.6
3,110.0
1 B eginning w ith the A ugust 1958 issue, figures for 1956-58 differ from those
previously published because of the adjustm ent of th e em p loym ent estim ates
to 1st quarter 1957 benchm ark levels Indicated b y data from governm ent
social Insurance programs. Statistics from 1957 forward are subject to revi
sion w hen new benchm arks becom e available.
T hese series are based upon establishm ent reports w hich cover all full- and
part-tim e em ployees in nonagricultural establishm ents w ho worked during,
or received pay for, an y part of the pay period ending nearest th e 15th of the
m onth. Therefore, persons w ho worked In more than one establishm ent
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfem p loyed persons, unpaid fam ily workers, and dom estic servants are ex
cluded.
2 Prelim inary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7,850 7,822 7,789
2,150 2,141 2,140
2,123. 5 2,114. 7 2,113.3
956.9 953.8 953.6
530.5 531.1 532.8
636.1 629.8 626.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
4.6
4.6
4.6
5,700 5,681 5,649
1, 462. 9 1,453. 6 1, 443.2
4,237.1 4, 227.0 4, 205. 5
2,617. 6 2,628. 5 2, 614. 2
3,082.4 3,052.1 3,034. 5
7,626 7,277
2,217 2, 209
2,190. 2 2,183.1
1,007.3 1,034.1
551.4 535.3
631.5 613.7
22.1
21.9
4.6
4.3
5,409 5,068
1,382.9 1,300.6
4,025.7 3,767.8
2,401. 8 2, 219.7
3,006. 8 2,848. 7
3 D ata for Federal establishm ents refer to continental U n ited States; th ey
relate to civilian em ployees w ho w orked on, or received p ay for, the last day
of the m onth.
* State and local governm ent data exclude, as nom inal em ployees, elected
officials of sm all local units and paid volunteer firemen.
N ote : For a description of these series, see T ech n iq u es of Preparing M ajor
B L S Statistical Series, B L S B u ll. 1168 (1954).
S ource : U .8 . D ep artm en t of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for'all
series except those for th e Federal G overnm ent, w hich Is prepared by the
U .S . C iv il Service C om m ission, and that for Class I railroads, w hich is
prepared b y the U .S . Interstate Com m erce C om m ission.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
446
T a bl e A -3 .
P roduction or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishm ents, b y industry 1
[In thousands]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Industry
F e b .2 Jan.2 Dec.
M inin g__________
M etal__________
Iron....................
Copper_______
Lead and zinc..
Anthracite_____
B ituminous-coal.
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
duction__________________________
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)__________
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____
Contrae* construction__________________
Nonbuilding construction...........................
Highway and street construction_____
Other nonbuilding construction______
Building construction_________________
General contractors_________________
Special-trade contractors____________
Plumbing and heating_____________
Painting and decorating___________
Electrical work___________________
Other special-trade contractors_____
Manu factoring_______________ _____ ____
Durable goods____________________
Nondurable goods_________________
Durable goods
Ordnance and accessories______________
Lumber and wood products (except fur
niture)...................................................... .
Logging camps and contractors______
Sawmills and planing mills.....................
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products.................... .
Wooden containers____ _____________
Miscellaneous wood products________
Furniture and fixtures________________
Household furniture____ ____ _______
Office, public-building, and professional
furniture_______ ____ _____________
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fix
tu re s.........................................................
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous fur
niture and fixtures________________
Stone, clay, and glass products................. .
Flat glass__________________________
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.
Glass products made of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic__________________
Structural clay products_____________
Pottery and related products........... ......
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.
Cut-stone and stone products________
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products....................................................
Primary metal industries........................... .
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills.......................................................... .
Iron and steel foundries....................... .
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_____________ _______ _
Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_____________________
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals........................................
Nonferrous foundries________________
Miscellaneous primary metal Industries
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transporta
tion equipment)___________________
Tin cans and other tinware__________
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware.........
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies______ _________
Fabricated structural metal products..
M etal stamping, coating, and engraving.
Lighting fixtures_________________
Fabricated wire products____________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod'
ucts__________________ __________
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mai'.
Feb.
1957
1956
558
78.3
26.8
25.0
10.6
17.7
170.9
566
76.9
25.8
25.0
10.2
17.8
171.4
563
77.0
26.7
24.4
9.7
17.7
169. 5
560
73.8
27.3
22.5
8.6
17.5
168.3
564
74.3
27.3
23.2
9.2
16.7
166.2
559
72.1
25.3
22.4
9.3
16.2
163.3
556
73.5
25.7
22.0
9.7
17.5
158.0
569
76.4
25.8
22.9
10.8
17.4
169.2
563
75.2
24.1
22.9
11.2
18.2
171.3
567
74.4
22.9
22.8
11.4
17.9
177.3
583
79.2
26.4
23.7
11.6
21.1
184.2
597
81.0
27.2
24.1
11.9
22.3
190.3
664
94.4
33.9
27.3
14.1
26.4
208.4
673
92.9
30. 4
28.3
14.9
26 8
208.8
205.0
209.7
205.8
205.7
210.8
213.3
211.8
211.4
206.2
206.7
210.4
217.3
238.0
245.4
106.5 108.0
85.9
89.7
1,972 2,115
434
362
150.6 192.9
211.0 241.1
1, 611 1,681
_____
564.0 589.0
1,046. 7 1,092.0
239.4 250.9
131.1 146.9
134.7 141.4
541.5 552.8
11,898 11,849 11,930
5, 775 6,732 6, 740
5,123 5,117 5,190
10S.1
93.4
2,407
532
261.8
269.8
1.875
680.6
1,194.2
257.6
164.4
143.8
628.4
11,981
6, 742
5,239
109.3
94.8
2,508
580
292.3
287.5
1,928
698.5
1,229.9
265.8
172.2
148.4
643.5
11,721
6.421
5,300
113.1 113.9
90.6
87.9
2,132 1,961
448
370
191.1 140.0
257.3 229.8
1,684 1, 591
627. 9 596.9
1,056.5 993.6
227.8 230.0
137.1 124.1
127.1 128.7
564.5 510.8
11,310 11,542
6,337 6, 502
4, 973 5,040
115.0
86.0
1,817
331
120.5
210.4
1,486
556.0
930.3
233.6
113.9
133.1
449.7
11,767
6,653
5,114
122.6
96.3
2,442
515
226.8
288.5
1,927
772.6
1,154.1
265.9
150.1
151.7
586.4
12,911
7. 523
5,388
128.0
98.6
2,559
520
234.8
284.8
2,039
868.6
1,170.0
271 9
157.4
149.7
591.0
13,195
7,667
5, 528
_____
—
112.9 115.2 115.6 114.8 112.3
95.1
93.9
94.8
92.5
95.5
2,544 2,570 2,503 2,432 2,318
581
596
598
573
538
303.4 301.0 293.0 285.6 255.8
294.7 294.8 288.4 287.4 282.1
1, 946 1, 974 i, 922 1,859 1, 780
709.1 730.1 717.0 695. 6 670.1
1, 236. 9 1, 244.0 1, 204. 5 1,163.9 1,110.0
263.6 260.3 253. 7 243.3 230.4
176.3 183.9 180.2 163.5 155.1
151.6 146. 5 138.9 132.5 128.9
645.4 653.3 631.7 624.6 595.6
11,940 11.645 11,353 11,415 11,245
6, 579 6,339 6,270 6,350 6,269
5,361 5,306 5,083 5,065 4, 976
71.5
72.9
72.8
71.4
66.6
68.4
66.8
67.0
68.3
67.8
69.0
67.7
67.0
76.9
83.8
540.3
546.2
75.6
273.5
564.7
83.3
282.0
579.4
90.0
289.6
594.4
94.2
297.5
590.1
93.1
297.3
580.6
88.4
296.8
572.0
86.5
292.9
578.3
93.8
290.9
542.4
74.9
279.7
520.3
65.5
269.1
515.0
62.9
267.5
516.5
63.5
267.5
588.3
80.1
303.5
666.7
100.3
349.2
109.8
40.2
47.1
312.4
234.8
111.9
40.8
46.7
308.6
230.0
112.2
40.9
46.7
312.3
233.6
114.0
41.8
46.9
313.2
234.4
112.4
41.2
46.1
309.8
229.6
110.5
39.5
45.4
300.5
221.9
107.3
40.5
44.8
285.5
211.7
106.9
41.3
45.4
286.8
210.4
101.6
40.9
45.3
283.5
208.4
100.1
39.9
45.7
283.2
208.9
98.5
40.0
46.1
290.1
213.9
100.6
39.0
45.9
295.3
217.5
108.3
45.5
50.9
314.2
228.9
114.7
50.2
52.3
319.2
230.9
316.1
408.7
_____
_____
982.4
824.9
............
34.5
34.9
35.2
35.0
36.0
35.1
32.0
32.9
32.7
33.5
33.9
34.2
38.2
39.1
25.2
25.7
25.6
25.8
26.5
26.2
24.8
25.2
24.8
24.8
25.4
26.4
28.4
28.6
17.9
411.1
19.9
79.5
14.3
32.2
60.6
38.3
84.7
15.3
18.0
421.9
19.7
81.3
14.3
34.4
64.4
38.7
87.8
15.8
17.9
426.2
18.8
82.1
14.3
35.0
65.5
38.9
90.3
16.0
18.0
422.3
12.1
83.2
14.2
35.4
66.2
38.4
91.7
16.4
17.7
438.1
28.0
83.9
13.7
35.7
66.1
37.7
94.0
16.5
17.3
429.7
26.4
82.2
13.1
35.3
66.3
36.6
93.0
15.6
17.0
422.0
24.4
82.2
12.7
35.2
65.4
35.8
90.3
16.1
18.3
416.5
23.9
80.8
12.5
35.7
63.3
35.7
88.4
15.9
17.6
404.9
22.4
78.4
12.2
35.3
61.7
35.4
85.2
15.3
16.0
402.2
23.5
77.4
12.3
33.8
60.4
37.5
82.1
15.7
16.9
402.7
24.3
78.6
12.6
32.8
59.2
38.4
80.1
15.2
17.2
408.0
27.8
78.2
13.5
33.0
59.8
38.8
78.8
15.0
18.7
456.0
30.9
83.4
15.0
35.0
70.3
43.3
90.6
16.5
20.8
470.7
31.4
81.0
15 1
36.7
76.8
47.6
95.1
17.0
66.3
953.5
65.5
943.4
65.3
929.8
64.7
898.6
62.5
896.5
61.2
863.8
59.9
851.9
60.3
859.3
59.0
840.4
59.5
848.5
61.5
885.1
63.1
71.0
70.0
912.5 1,081. 6 1,097.4
469.5
180.6
464.4
178.2
459.3
174.2
457.1
158.5
444.9
164.8
428.0
155.9
419.1
159.2
424.6
159.8
408.3
159.8
407.3
163.5
426.8
169.6
440.0
177.4
537.0
201.6
42.6
42.8
41.9
41.1
40.8
41.1
40.8
41.0
42.3
43.8
45.3
47.0
53.5
54.5
8.9
8.7
8.7
8.4
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.9
8.1
8.2
9.8
10.5
85.0
51.3
115.6
84.8
50.8
113.7
83.6
50.3
111.8
81.9
47.6
104.0
81.0
47.7
109.1
80.3
44.9
105.5
79.1
42.3
103.5
78.3
43.6
104.3
76.5
42.7
103.1
78.7
43.9
103.4
79.3
46.0
110.0
79.9
46.9
113.1
89.2
58.6
131.9
93.6
64.2
130.3
818.9
48.1
108.6
824.3
47.8
109.0
827.1
50.6
107.0
791.2
51.7
87.6
821.6
54.4
103.6
788.3
55.3
96.6
764.9
53.4
93.4
772.6
52.3
96.7
755.9
60.0
93.4
765.8
48.9
94.8
786.6
48.3
101.4
805.8
47.9
105.5
892.5
51.4
115.5
890.5
51.2
120.4
82.4
205.7
186.5
37.2
45.8
82.4
211.7
186.5
37.6
44.9
86.1
214.7
183.1
37.5
45.1
87.8
219.9
166.2
32.8
44.4
86.5
224.8
175.6
35.9
42.3
84.1
223.8
160.9
33.2
40.7
80.4
220.5
158.1
31.6
39.2
81.4
218.9
161.4
32.2
39.7
80.3
214.8
158.3
31.2
38.9
82.6
216.0
159.5
32.2
39.0
83.0
219.0
165.0
33.9
40.7
81.9
222.6
172.8
35.3
41.4
83.9
241.8
201.3
40.8
47.9
93.8
225.5
197.4
40.4
50.8
104.6
104.4
103.0
100.8
98.5
93.7
88.3
90.0
89.0
92.8
95.3
98.4
109.9
111.0
532.6
211.7
A.—EMPLOYMENT
T a b l e A -3 .
447
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishm ents, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Feb.2
Jan.2
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)__________ 1,070.9 1,052.9 1, 038. 2 1,020.1 1,004. 5 1,007.0
61.1
62.7
61.5
56.9
58.6
Engines and turbines________________
90.0
84.0
83.1
96.9
95.3
Agricultural machinery and tractors__
76.2
84.6
81.9
78.4
77.3
Construction and mining m achinery...
Metalworking m achinery....................... ______ 160.0 157.8 155.0 149.1 150.5
106.2
Special-industry machinery (except
106.9 107.0
105.0 105.3
metalworking machinery) - - ______
133.9 133.7 132.9 131.7 132.0
General industrial m achinery................
Off!op. and store machines and devices.
88.4
87.5
88.5
87.7
86.3
Service-Industry and household ma132.2 129.0 125.7 121.4 120.1
chines
_________________________
Mi seel la ri eons machinery parts__ ____
195.1 194.9 190.9 178. 5 180.5
791.2
Electrical machinery.....................................
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparatus________________________ - ___
____________
Electrical appliances
Insulated wire and cable________ __ _
Electrical equipment for vehicles__- __
E le c tr ic lu m p s
___
Communication equipm ent...................
Miscellaneous electrical products
976.8
56.8
91.8
79.5
145.6
990.2 1.014.1 1,028.6 1,060.8 1,090.2 1,108.6 1,255. 7 1,278. 7
58.1
56.5
60.8
62.3
64.2
65.7
68.3
61.2
94.0
94.5
95.2 101.0 101.5 100.5 105. 7 108 4
80.1
79.8
79.8
87.6
90.7 109.4 111! 8
84.3
151.7 157.6 164.0 168.7 175.9 180.5 218.2 218.7
104. 5
130.3
82.7
103.7
131.0
82.1
105.8
136.2
83.1
107.5
137.2
81.7
110.1
140.7
81.3
112.3
146.8
81.8
115.8
149.4
81.0
125.9
166.3
99.2
172! 7
95.2
113.3
172.3
118.5
172.9
120.7
178.3
121.7
180.4
125.8
186.6
127.8
192.3
128.3
196.7
141.2
221. 5
160 1
217 3
138 3
791.2
788.9
788.2
746.0
762.2
734.0
711.6
716.4
715.3
729.2
749.3
766.6
857.7
870.3
262.1
26.3
21.9
51.2
22.4
373.2
34.1
258.3
26.8
21.7
50.8
22.3
375.1
33.9
253.9
27.9
21.3
53.1
22.1
375.7
34.2
237.7
26.3
20.9
35.9
21.8
372.0
31.4
244.2
25. 5
20.2
49.2
21.4
368.4
33.3
238.6
24.1
18.6
44.3
21.3
354.9
32.2
235.1
23.0
17.3
43.3
20.8
340.6
31.5
237.7
22.8
18.5
43.5
21.6
339.7
32.6
239.6
24.4
17.7
43.1
22.3
336.1
32.1
245.9
25.6
18.3
45.6
22.8
338.7
32.3
253.5
25.5
18.8
48.7
23.8
346.3
32.7
259.9
26.1
19.1
51.0
24.6
353.1
32.8
288. 4
31 2
20. 9
59.3
26.1
395.8
36.0
297J
39 6
20 Q
69 0
25J
392.0
36 6
Transportation equipment.......................... 1,196.9 1,214. 0 1,207.6 1,199. 0
580.9 566.8 554.1
Motor vehicles and equipment_______
473.0 482.9 483.7
Aircraft and parts _ ________________
287.1 292.4 293.3
Aircraft. ________________ - _______
88.4
90.6
90.5
Aircraft engines and parts. _______
10.2
10.1
9.5
Aircraft propellers and parts................ ___
Other aircraft parts and equipm ent-_
89.8
88.0
89.7
120.8 118.6 122.4
Ship and boat building and repairing__
Shipbuilding and repairing__ ______
103.1 101.6 106.4
17.0
16.0
17.7
Boatbuilding and repairing_________
32.1
32.4
30.7
Railroad equipment
____________
Other transportation equipment______
6.9
7.2
8.1
991.5 1,100.1 1,033. 6 1,062.9 1,083.8 1,081.2 1,103.0 1,152. 7 1,206.9 1,383.6 1, 354.1
357.8 462.9 402. 2 432.7 443.5 446.3 453.5 495. 7 546.0 630.1 648 6
480.8 480.4 474.1 471.3 476.2 467.7 479.3 482.6 483.8 563.6 637 4
291.0 291.7 291.4 289.1 291.6 281.5 292.7 294.4 293.2 340.9 326 8
87.7
90.9
87.9
89.2
89.5
89.6
90.9 111.3 106 3
90.3
88.7
11.1
13.9
14.1
10.4
11.9
13.3
13.8
11.0
12.8
13.9
11.3
83.9
89.1
82.4
83.1
84.7
86. 8
83.3
85.6
83.7
97 5
94 0
118.4 118.0 118.1 119.2 123.9 123.6 121.8 123.0 124.6 127.2 1114
103.7 104.4 105.0 104.5 107.5 105.4 103.8 105.5 106.2 108. 5
93 9
13.1
17.5
18.4
16.4
18.2
18.0
14.7
13.6
14.7
17 6
18.7
31.2
44.5
26.1
37.0
41.8
46.0
30. 5
32.7
33.0
54.7
48 6
6.9
8.4
8.0
6.6
6.5
8.3
7.0
7.2
6.6
8.0
8 2
208.4
209.6
209.0
207.2
204.9
199.2
195.9
199.1
200.4
204.1
207.8
210.9
226.2
32.2
32.1
32.0
31.7
31.6
30.8
30.6
31.2
31.4
31.8
32.2
32.8
36.6
37.7
57.2
10.0
57.2
10.0
57.5
10.0
56.8
9.6
56.0
9.5
53.4
9.1
63.4
8.9
54.1
9.2
54.4
9.1
55.6
9.1
56.6
9.1
57.0
9.4
62.1
10.3
61 1
lo! 6
27.5
18.8
38.7
24.0
27.7
18.8
39.6
24.2
27.0
18.5
39.8
24.2
27.0
18.2
39.6
24.3
27.0
17.9
39.2
23.7
26.6
17.9
38.9
22.5
27.0
17.6
38. 5
19.9
27.2
18.2
38.3
20.9
27.2
18.2
38.8
21.3
27.2
18.4
39.8
22.2
27.5
18.8
40.4
23.2
27.8
18.8
41.4
23.7
28.9
19.6
43.7
25.0
28 5
20 3
44JI
28*0
360.2
350. 5
35.3
14.3
52.8
21.1
48.7
67.6
110.7
360.4
35.9
14.3
57.6
21.6
47.4
68.7
114.9
379.4
36.3
14.4
71.4
22.1
49.2
68.4
117.6
385.8
36.2
14.2
78.8
22.2
49.9
68.3
116.2
380.0
35.6
13.7
79.0
21.6
49.1
66.7
114 3
365.6
33. 5
13.0
75.5
21.6
47.9
64.0
110.1
346.2
32.8
11. 8
70.1
20. 6
43.1
61.6
106.2
354.5
33.4
12.9
70.7
22.8
44.5
61.0
109.2
348.1
32.8
13.0
67.5
23.1
42.3
59.9
109.6
350.6
33.4
13.3
64.7
23.3
43.2
61.8
110.9
354.4
34.3
13.4
61.2
23.1
46.4
64.5
111. 5
355.0
34.8
14.2
59.1
22.6
47.4
65.5
111. 4
390.6
36. 3
15.3
75. 6
24.0
49.2
71.6
118.6
405.1
39 9
16* 7
79* 6
23 8
62 3
70! 2
123.6
Food and kindred products..................... —
Meat products_____________________
Dairy products . . __________________
Canning and preserving_____________
Grain-mill products_________________
Bn.ke.ry products
...........
Sugar______________________________
Confectionery and related products___
Beverages... _______________________
Miscellaneous food products__________
934.8
951.1 1,001. 0 1, 050.1 1,115.2 1,178. 4 1,172.0 1,080. 6 1,038.7
242.5 250.2 250.9 250.5 249.0 246.0 243.8 243.1
60.4
62.2
62.2
64.4
67.9
71.5
73.0
73.0
128.9 148.2 178.1 237.1 311.8 306.9 220.2 176.8
77.0
78.4
82.4
78.2
82.5
81.4
81.0
81.0
159.5 162.0 164.0 166.1 165.8 166.3 167.1 167.5
40.4
21.4
24.9
35.5
23.4
21.6
21.4
36.8
61.5
64.5
67.6
68.1
66.5
54.6
61.7
58.0
103.7 108.7 114.8 115.4 115.2 117.7 120.9 119.5
96.3
98.3
98.4
91.3
92.7
93.7
95.8
98.0
977.5
238.6
69.8
141.1
78.4
164.2
22.1
56.7
111.8
94.8
948.5
230.8
65.8
136.7
77.7
162.8
20.4
57.2
105.6
91.5
941.7
233.4
64.3
124.4
78.2
163.2
19.7
60.3
107.8
90.4
951.0 1,065. 7 1,104.0
238.5 259.2 268.8
62.6
69.6
72.1
128.3 187.7 201.5
78.3
79.5
83.5
164.5 169.9 172.0
21.1
26.1
26.4
61.8
63.5
64.3
105.2 116.1 119.7
90.7
94.1
95.7
Tobacco manufactures_________________
Cigarettes__________________________
Cigars___ __________________________
Tobacco and snuff _ _______________Tobacco stemming and redrying______
74.5
69.8
31.1
27.0
5.4
6.3
70.1
30.9
27.0
5.4
6.8
74.2
30.7
28.0
5.4
10.1
211.8
Instruments and related products .
Laboratory, scientific and engineering
instruments______________________
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments______________________
Optical instruments and lenses----------Surgical, medical, and dental instrum en ts... _________________________
O p h th a lm ic g o o d s
. .....
Photographic apparatus_____________
Wnte.hes and clrclrs__, „
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware__
Musical instruments and parts_______
Toys and sporting goods_____________
Pens, pencils, other office supplies____
Costume jewelrv, buttons, notions____
Fabricated plastics p ro d u cts.................
Other manufacturing Industries
230.3
Nondurable goods
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
—
78.9
32.1
25.6
5.4
15.8
83.0
32.1
27.0
5.4
18.5
85.0
32.2
27.3
5.4
20.1
93.6
31.7
27.4
5.5
29.0
96.1
32.0
27.0
5. 5
31.6
85.5
32.0
26.9
5.4
21.2
69.5
31.3
26.1
5.4
6.7
70.2
31.5
27.1
6.4
6.2
79.2
31.0
28.8
5.3
14.1
84.4
30.2
30.9
5.5
17.8
89.5
30.7
32.8
5.9
20.1
448
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
T able A-3 .
P roduction or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishm ents, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Industry
F e b .2 J a n .2
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
912.9
5.0
107.2
401.5
25.4
194.3
77.1
42.5
9.4
50.5
965.9
6.1
113.7
429.7
26.2
201.2
80.1
45.7
10.8
52.4
M anufai taring—Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products__________________ 860.5
Scouring and combing plants________________
Yarn and thread mills_____________________ _
Broad-woven fabric mills________ ________ _
Narrow fabrics and smallwares______________
Knitting mills_____________________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles________________
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings__________
Hats (except cloth and millinery)............... .........
Miscellaneous textile goods......................... ...........
855.3
4.9
100.3
370.2
25. 1
186.0
74.6
38.9
8.7
46.6
862.2
4.9
101. 5
371.8
25.2
190.2
74.7
38.6
8.7
46.6
867.0
4.8
101.7
372.1
24.8
195.3
74.6
38.2
8.9
46.6
863.3
4.8
100.8
370.9
24.7
197.0
73.8
37.5
8.6
45.2
859.9
4.8
100.6
371.1
24.5
196.0
73.4
36.7
8.6
44.2
855.2
5.1
99.9
370.1
23.9
195.0
73.8
35.3
9.0
43.1
830.2
5.0
96.0
365.3
23.2
184.2
71.7
33.8
9.0
42.0
839.7
4.9
98.5
366.7
23.3
188.5
72.4
34.1
9.3
42.0
830.5
4.4
97.5
365.5
22.9
183.0
72.5
34.1
9.2
41.4
837.2
4.4
98.3
371.6
23.2
179.8
73.6
36.1
8.6
41.6
844.2
4.4
99.1
376.9
23.7
177.2
73.4
37.6
9.1
42.8
854.7
4.5
100.8
381.1
23.8
177.8
74.7
38.2
9.5
44.3
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts........................................................... 1,075.0 1,052.0 1,055.6 1,053.3 1,051.2 1,055.3 1,044.3
M en’s and boys’ suits and coats______
96.4
96.4
93.9
93.8
97.4
95.0
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing__________________________
286.7 288.1 287.6 289.1 289.6 287.0
Women’s outerwear_________________
311.0 311.1 308.2 303.1 306.7 312.2
Women’s, children’s undergarments__
102.9 104.7 106.9 105.6 103.3 100.9
18.2
M illinery.................................................... .
16.3
14.5
17.6
18.4
18.7
Children’s outerwear________________
65.5
67.6
65.0
66.3
66.3
67.4
Fur goods.....................................................
8.1
9.4
7.0
9.3
9.4
8.2
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
51.1
52.5
54.1
54.6
53.8
52.7
Other fabricated textile products_____
111. 1 112.9 113.7 111.8 110.1 102.5
992.0
90.8
993.6
95.1
984.7
93.3
986.7 1,017. 7 1,050. 6 1,064. 5 1,079.8
89.3
97.2
98.7 105.3 110.9
279.9
291.4
94.5
14.7
66.5
8.6
47.4
98.2
283.2
282.5
97.6
11.8
66.8
8.5
49.3
98.8
277.0
292.1
97.7
10.1
62.0
7.9
47.8
96.8
275.6
296.4
101.3
12.7
59.4
6.5
48.0
97.5
284.3
295.7
103.3
18.0
63.3
7.2
49.9
98.8
285.7
318.7
103.7
19.3
66.6
7.5
50.1
100.3
288.9
312.0
106.8
16.3
65.7
7.8
53.2
108.5
291.5
314.0
108.4
16.5
66.0
8.4
56.3
107.8
Paper and allied products............................ 440.1
Pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills.____ _____
Paperboard containers and boxes____________
Other paper and allied products_____________
440.9
221. 1
120.3
99.5
442.7
220.8
122.5
99.4
445.9
222.5
124.3
99.1
446.5
222.2
124.2
100.1
447.0
222. 5
124.0
100.5
441.7
222.7
120.0
99.0
429.0
215.4
116.1
97.5
433.4
218.8
117.1
97.5
431.7
218.5
116.1
97.1
434.2
220.1
115.6
98.5
435.7
220.0
116.7
99.0
438.4
221.0
117.7
99.7
458.8
229.1
125.2
104.5
463.4
230.4
127.2
105.8
Printing, publishing, and allied Indus
tries______________________________ 542.6
Newspapers_______________________________
Periodicals_________________________________
Books__ ____ _____________________________
Commercial printing________________ _______
Lithographing_____________________________
Greeting cards.................................................. .........
Bookbinding and related industries__________
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services......................... ............................ ..............
542.9
156.7
25.7
33.9
177.6
48.8
13.8
34.7
549.7
159.4
25.3
33.7
178.9
50.5
14.6
34.8
548.0
159.7
25.7
33.2
176.8
50.2
15.7
34.9
550.6
159.4
26.3
33.3
178.6
50.1
16.2
34.9
547.6
157.1
26.1
33.8
177.5
49.6
15.8
35.9
541.7
156.3
24.7
33.3
175.1
49.4
15.4
35.7
537.2
155.7
24.1
32.9
174.6
49.1
14.7
34.7
541.0
157.5
24.6
33.1
176.0
49.3
14.7
34.8
540.4
157.4
25.6
33.3
175.7
49.6
13.2
34.2
544.7
155.9
25.8
33.7
178.1
49.6
12.8
34.8
547.0
156.2
25.9
34.3
178.9
49.8
12.3
35.2
545.8
155.9
25.8
34.6
178.5
49.5
12.4
34.8
553.2
156.1
25.6
35.2
181.3
50.7
13.8
37.0
549.6
155.1
27.8
33.4
179.6
48.5
14.1
37.2
51.7
52.5
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.4
51.0
51.4
54.0
54.4
54.3
53.5
53.9
Chemicals and allied products_________
514.4
Industrial Inorganic ch em ica ls.................
Industrial organic chemicals____________
Drugs and medicines__________________
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara
tions_______________________________
Paints, pigments, and fillers____________
Gum and wood chemicals______________
Fertilizers_____ ______________________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats........ ...
Miscellaneous chemicals_______________
513.2
66. 5
194.9
57. 2
514.3
66.2
194.7
57. 2
514.0
66.5
194.0
56.9
516.5
66.2
193.1
56.7
510.9
66.0
191.4
57.2
504.1
66.0
190.0
57.5
495.5
65.6
186.4
57.5
500.1
66.9
186.8
57.4
510.0
67.3
187.7
57.6
519.3
68.5
190.1
58.1
519.0
69.2
192.3
58.3
518.5
69.5
195.7
58.0
545.1
73.0
210.3
57.9
553.3
75.0
217.0
57.2
30.2
44.0
6. 2
25.5
27.5
61. 2
30.3
44.3
6. 2
23.6
28.6
63.2
30.7
44.2
6.2
22.5
29.6
63.4
31.3
44.4
6.4
24.6
30.1
63.7
31.5
44.6
6.4
23.4
26.5
63.9
30.4
45.0
6.4
21.4
23.9
63.5
29.7
44.0
6.5
20.9
23.1
61.8
29.5
43.4
6.3
24.1
23.4
62.3
29.0
42.4
6.6
33.1
23.5
62.8
29.1
42.5
6.5
36.7
24.6
63.2
29.6
43.0
6.5
31.5
25.5
63.1
29.7
43.1
6.5
26.1
26.4
63.5
30.7
45.9
7.2
26.7
28.1
65.3
30.3
47.0
7.1
27.3
28.6
63.8
Products of petroleum and coal____ ____
148.5
Petroleum refining_________________________
Coke, other petroleum and coal prod
u cts._________ ___________ __________ ____
154.0
118.3
154.6
118.5
155.9
119.5
153.3
116.4
157.5
120.4
157.4
121.3
157.4
121.6
157.9
121.7
157.5
122.3
156.7
122.4
156.4
122.7
158.7
123.3
168.0
128.1
172.2
131.0
35.7
36.1
36.4
36.9
37.1
36.1
35.9
36.2
35.2
34.3
33.7
35.4
39.9
41.2
Rubber products_____________ ____ ___
198.8
Tires and inner tu b e s ..._______ ____________
Rubber footwear___________________________
Other rubber products______________________
199.4
77.1
17. 2
105.1
198.2
77.1
17.1
104.0
195.3
76.2
17.2
101.9
194.5
75.3
17.1
102.1
187.5
74.1
16.8
96.6
181.2
72.5
16.4
92.3
175.1
71.0
15.9
88.2
175.8
71.2
16.3
88.3
172.3
70.4
16.3
85.6
176.0
72.1
16.5
87.4
184.0
76.0
16.7
91.3
191.3
78.5
17.0
95.8
205.9
83.3
17.6
105.0
211.1
85.2
19.8
106.1
Leather and leather products__________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings. .
Footwear (except rubber)____________
Luggage.........................................................
Handbags and small leather goods.........
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
See footnotes at end of table
329.5
34.0
3.6
17.9
224, 2
12. 1
26.8
10.9
328.7
34. 2
3. 5
17.6
220. 7
12.8
28.1
11.8
324.3
34.0
3.4
16.6
214.2
13.6
29.7
12.8
315.0
33.7
3.3
15.9
205.9
13.6
29.4
13.2
321.0
33.6
3.2
15.7
212.9
13.2
29.0
13.4
323.2
33.1
2.9
16.5
216.8
13.1
27.5
13.3
316.7
32.2
2.7
16.2
215.4
12.2
24.8
13.2
314.3
33.6
2.7
16.2
213.0
12.4
23.6
12.8
301.5
33.0
2.7
15.4
205.4
12.0
20.8
12.2
299.9
33.0
3.0
15.1
202.4
11.8
22.8
11.8
320.0
34.2
3.2
15.8
217.1
11.7
26.6
11.4
326.2
34.8
3.5
16.8
221.3
11.8
27.0
11.0
329.2
36.4
3.5
16.8
219.1
13.1
26.1
14.2
339.0
38.4
3.8
17.7
221.5
13.9
28. 9
14.8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A.—EMPLOYMENT
T a b l e A -3 .
449
Production or nonsupervisory workers in nonagricultural establishm ents, by
industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Feb.2 J a n .2 Dec.
Transportation and public utilities:
Other public utilities___ _______ ____ ________ _
Gas and electric utilities____ ______ _________
Electric light and power utilities__________
Gas utilities___ _____ _________________ _
Electric light and gas utilities combined.
Local utilities, not elsewhere classified................
Wholesale and retail trade:
Wholesale trade.................... ......................................
Wholesalers, full-service and limitedfunction_____ ______ ___________________
Autom otive.......................................................... .
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
wines, and liquors.......................................... .
Electrical goods, machinery, hard
ware, and plumbing equipment................ .
Other full-service and limited-func
tion wholesalers............. ................. .................
Wholesale distributors, other________ ______
Retail trade:
General merchandise stores.................................. .
Department stores and general mail
order houses...................................................
Other general merchandise stores__________
Food and liquor stores_____________________
Grocery, meat, and vegetable mar
kets....................................... ..............................
Dairy-product stores and dealers.......................
Other food and liquor stores........................... .
Automotive and accessories dealers__________
Apparel and accessories stores_______________
Other retail trade (except eating and
drinking plaoes)_________________ _____
Furniture and appliance stores.................... .
Drug stores_______________________ ______
Nov.
Oct.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
528
508.2
219.2
136.5
530
510.0
219.7
136.6
532
511.4
220.5
136.4
533
512.9
221.0
137.1
540
519.7
223.9
139.0
547
525.8
226.3
141.1
548
526.9
226.6
141.4
541
520.4
224.9
138.9
534
513.8
222.4
136.3
534
513.4
222.5
136.0
534
513.7
222.8
135.7
534
514.1
223.5
135.7
540
519.0
226.0
136.4
635
513.8
219.6
133.4
152.5
20.0
153.7
19.9
154.5
20.2
154.8
20.4
156.8
20.6
158.4
21.0
158.9
21.1
156.6
20.7
155.1
20.5
154.9
20.4
155.2
20.3
154.9
20.0
156.6
20.7
160.8
21.2
2,623
2,666
2,656
2, 646
2,625
2,601
2,597
2,593
2,671
2,592
2,617
2,633
2,695
2,661
1,548.8 1, 582.4 1, 574. 0 1, 560.3 1, 546.3 1,526.3 1,520.6 1,514.7 1,499.1 1,509. 5 1,523.8 1, 532.4 1, 572.2 1,562.6
111.8 112.3 112.2 111.3 111.3 111.0 110. 7 109.6 107.5 107.9 108.0 109.1 108.4 104.3
276.3
281.0
280.4
276.3
275.5
268.2
269.8
267.1
263.3
267.2
272.2
272.4
273.4
275.1
381.4
383.2
382.5
381.6
380.1
379.8
379.0
378.4
376.9
379.8
383.8
387.1
402.7
402.0
779.3 805.9 798.9 791.1 779.4 767.3 761.1 759.6 751.4 754.6 759.8 763.8 787.7 781.2
1,073.9 1,083.4 1, 082. 4 1, 085. 6 1,078.3 1,074.4 1,076.6 1,077.9 1,072.3 1,082.4 1,093.6 1,100.3 1,122.6 1,098.1
1,279. 6 1,840.7 1,474. 3 1,372.2 1,322. 9 1,252.8 1,238.6 1,263. 6 1,259.9 1,251.8 1,232.4 1,218.5 1,356.5 1,355.3
849.4 1,188.3 953.2 875.1 840.0 802.0 795.3 808.3 803.5 794.5 787.5 785.7 875.9 876.4
430.2 652.4 521.1 497.1 482.9 450.8 443.3 455.3 456.4 457.3 444.9 432.8 480.6 478.9
1,454.4 1,507.1 1,488. 3 1, 475.6 1,479.8 1,468.2 1, 478.0 1,481.1 1,479.2 1,477. 5 1, 484.0 1,490.3 1,465. 5 1,440.9
1,078.3 1,108.9 1, 097.3 1, 084.7 1,076.8 1,060.5 1,069.6 1,070. 5 1,068.8 1,067. 5 1,078. 7 1,079.8 1,038.4 1,014.5
184. £ 187.7 188. £ 190.8 202.1 207.1 207.3 206.1 201.6 198.7 196.8 197.2 206.7 205.1
191.2 210.5 202.1 200.1 200.9 200.6 201.1 204.5 208.8 211.3 208.5 213.3 220.4 221.3
677.8 693.5 676.3 667.5 667.2 670.1 668.6 668.9 669.5 670.0 680.4 690.3 719.3 727.1
532.3 665.5 568.1 551.8 540.7 496.8 503.0 541.9 536.3 633.8 526.1 505.2 556.6 565.5
2,040.9 2,155.7 2, 072. 5 2,062.5 2,070.5 2,065.4 2,058.3 2,049. 6 2,025.2 2,020.2 2,014. 5 2,025.2 2,094.6 2,104.5
355.2 373.8 360.6 355.5 352.0 349.3 349.1 350.5 350.4 349.9 351.7 354.5 361.2 363.8
335.7 374.0 340.7 338.0 337.0 334.5 334.2 332.5 330.4 328.9 327.3 327.2 337.7 327.5
1 For comparability of data with those published In issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of the series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsuper
visory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, proc
essing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, ware
housing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sept.
product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g., powerplant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the
aforementioned production operations.
* P re lim in a ry .
S o u b c e : U .S . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
450
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
A-6.
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of unemployment com'
pensation for Federal employees,1 by geographic division and State
[In thousands]
1059
1958
Annual average
Geographic division and State
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr,
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Continental United States...... ................ 2, 517.9 2,110.8 1, 781. 2 1, 722. 4 1,905.8 2,202. 7 2, 510. 9 2, 667. 3 2,984.0 3,302. 3 3, 275. 5 3,163.1 2.877. 0
New England_______________________ 200.0 173.4 132. 4 126. 7 137.6 153.6 190.3 204. 8 238.6 263.3 251.9 240.2 235. 7
19.4
16.4
14. 1
25. 1
24 7
21 8
17.6
13.4
13.4
18.7
22.2
M aine_________
_____________
11.1
30.0
8.3
9.2
7.5
10.1
12.5
15.3
12.5
10.5
10.6
5.9
7.8
New Hampshire__________ ______
5.8
7.7
4.7
4.1
3.3
3.7
4.6
5.9
6.9
2.9
2.8
6.8
6.5
Vermont___ ____________ ______
2.6
3.0
96.6
Massachusetts__________________
87.6
64.2
85.0
91.2 106. 6 121.7 119. 7 113 9 112.1
62.4
66.8
59.3
19.8
14. 5
19.2
23. 5
26.9
27.2
27.0
Rhode Island____ _______________
16.1
11.4
20.0
27.0
12.0
11.0
51.2
57.1
63. 5
61.1
40.4
34.5
47.4
57.2
Connecticut................ ........................
61.0
66.2
60.0
36.9
39.3
1958
2, 537. 4
195.5
19. C
9.6
4.4
90.8
19.6
52.0
1957
1,465.8
121.9
11.0
6.0
2.8
61.4
16.5
24.2
Middle Atlantic......................... ............
New York____________________
New Jersey_____________________
Pennsylvania______ _____ _______
783.9
355.4
126.8
301.7
668.4
319.6
100.9
248.0
559.2
250.0
85.1
224.1
542.2
233.5
83.6
225.1
572.1
245.4
87.1
239.6
636.1
269.7
95.8
270. 5
735.2
334.4
110.2
290.6
780.2
358. 2
118.9
303.1
831.6
374 6
136.3
320.7
885. 1
391. 4
1.50.3
343.5
865.8
381.2
149. 4
335.2
831.8
364.5
145.5
321.8
794.3
348.2
141.8
304.3
724.6
322.4
116.9
285.2
427.6
189.3
80.5
157.9
East North C entral..............................
O h io..________ _________________
Indiana________________ _______ _
Illinois__________________________
403.5
106.6
43.7
109.2
106. 2
37.9
350. 9
88.0
33.7
93.8
369.2
90.6
33.9
95.5
444.7
108.5
39.9
109.1
105. 0
1 2 0 .0
155. 7
30.4
29.3
31.6
570.8
138.0
53.1
133. 3
208.7
37.7
638.3
166.1
61. 4
148.2
223. 6
38.9
692.5
186.5
68.5
156.9
Wisconsin______________________
451.6
117.1
52.2
130.7
110.5
41.0
38.9
771.0
211.3
80. 7
169.8
265. 5
43.7
838.3
223. 1
89.8
176.8
296. 4
52. 1
800.7
212. 3
88.3
176.3
267.2
66.5
742, 4
202.0
87.9
168. 0
231.3
53.2
631.6
166.4
76.4
151. 7
188.7
48.4
603.0
157.9
62.9
140.5
200. 2
41.5
283.8
65.6
33.5
68.2
93.2
23.2
West North Central_________________
Minnesota______________________
Iowa _________________________
M issouri_______________________
North Dakota___________________
South Dakota___________________
Nebraska___________ __________
Kansas________________________
145.5
45.7
14.6
49.9
6.7
3.8
9.3
15.5
105.2
33.4
9.3
37.8
5.0
2.4
6.1
11.2
77.7
22.3
6.1
33.6
1.9
1.0
3.8
8.9
71.1
18.8
5.1
34.9
.6
.5
2.8
8.4
78.7
20.4
5.6
40.0
.5
.5
3.0
8.6
85.8
24.8
7.3
38.0
.7
.6
3.6
10.8
96.6
27.8
8.8
43. 5
1.0
.7
4.2
10.5
104.6
31.4
9.4
47.4
1.2
.8
4.2
10.1
127.3
40.0
11.7
54.9
1.9
1.2
6.3
12.3
167.2
53.6
15.9
64.4
4 6
2. 6
8 5
17.6
188.2
58.1
20.9
63.7
7.5
4.3
12.4
21.2
185.2
56.0
22.8
61.2
7.9
4.5
12.4
20.3
162.1
50. 1
18.8
56.2
6.7
3.8
10.1
16.6
120.4
36.3
11.8
47.9
3.3
1.9
6.3
13.0
80.0
22.6
8.9
30.3
2.4
1.7
6.4
8.6
South Atlantic______________ _____ _
Delaware_______________________
Maryland_______________________
District of Columbia_____________
Virginia_______________________ .
West Virginia_____ _____________
North Carolina__________________
South Carolina__________________
Georgia_________________________
Florida................... ............................ .
270.5
6.5
47.0
8.3
27.2
37.3
51.7
20.4
40.1
32.2
213.1
5.1
37.3
6.7
18.3
29.6
42.3
14.9
31.4
27.5
184.0
3.5
30.1
6.0
15.0
26.4
34.4
13.5
27.5
27.7
186.7
3.5
28.7
5.8
13.8
27.5
32.2
13.6
28. 1
33.5
207.1
4.0
30.9
6.0
16.2
32.1
34.3
14.7
31.6
37.4
240.9
5.7
35.0
6.8
20.6
38.4
41.7
16.4
36.4
39.9
281.7
5.8
38.6
7.2
26.1
43.8
64.9
20.9
44.9
39.5
285.0
5.3
39.7
7.2
27.3
47.6
55.9
20.0
46.3
35.7
310. 8
6.2
42.9
7.8
29.3
52.7
63.5
22.5
50.5
35.2
326.2
6.9
46. 5
8.9
31.6
52.1
68.5
23.8
52.5
35.4
313.7
6.5
47.3
10.0
33.2
47.8
66.5
22.5
47.9
32.1
306.1
A4
47.2
10.3
33.8
44 6
66.7
23 0
46.0
27.9
283.5
5. 4
41.9
8.6
28. 1
36.8
64.3
26.2
45.8
26.4
261.3
5.3
38.8
7.6
24.4
39.9
52.0
19.4
40.7
33.2
154.7
3.1
17.7
5.3
13. 7
14.1
39.3
15.2
27.5
18.7
East South Central____ _____________
Kentucky______________ ________
Tennessee_______________________
Alabama_______________________
M ississippi... __________________
137.6
36.2
48.6
33.4
19.5
112.8
29.1
38.6
30.5
14.7
100.6
25.9
34.6
28.8
11.4
99.1
28.1
32.4
27.7
10.8
111.0
33.8
35.9
29.0
12.2
131.7
41.6
42.2
33.1
14.8
155.9
49.8
50.5
38.4
17.2
165.0
54.1
52.7
37.9
20 3
188.1
61.3
59.6
44. 2
23.0
200.5
66.1
64.0
46.1
24.2
196.3
60.6
65.1
45.9
24.7
200.1
57.4
68.8
47.3
26.6
1770
47.5
65.5
40.9
23.1
152.8
46.2
50.7
37.4
18.5
110.9
33.1
40.2
22.6
15.0
West South Central____________
Arkansas_________________ ______
Louisiana_______________________
Oklahoma____ _______ __________
Texas...... ............................................. .
147.2
23.6
36.0
23.0
64.6
115.5
18.0
26.8
18.2
52.5
102.3
14.3
23. 7
15.7
48.7
101.4
12.6
24.4
14.1
50.3
110.1
12.9
25.9
15.2
56.1
120.7
15.5
26.2
17.4
61.6
129.9
17.9
27.3
19.0
65.6
133.6
18.8
26.8
20.0
68.0
153.8
24.2
29.5
23.9
76.1
165.0
27.5
29.8
27.6
80.1
158 8
26.4
28.4
28.2
75.9
147.1
27.8
27.5
25.8
66.0
126.6
25.5
23.8
21.0
56.2
130.2
20.1
26.7
20.5
63.0
72.1
14.8
13.2
12.7
31.4
M ountain________ _________________
M ontana_______________________
I d a h o ................................... ................
W yoming_______________________
Colorado________________________
New Mexico____________________
Arizona_________________________
U tah__________________________
Nevada_________________________
66.7
13.0
10.2
4.0
10.9
5.2
9.0
8.9
5.5
51.0
9.1
8.1
2.6
8.4
4.1
7.8
6.2
4.8
39.1
6.0
4.9
1.6
7.0
3.6
7.4
4.5
4.1
30.2
4.0
2.7
1 1
5.4
3.4
7.2
3.4
3.0
32.3
3.8
2.8
1.1
6.7
3.4
7.9
4.0
2.7
36.0
4.1
3.4
1.4
6.1
4.3
9.1
4.9
2.8
38.7
6.0
3.3
1.6
6.9
4.6
9.6
5.6
3.2
41.1
5.9
3.0
2.0
6.8
4.8
9.1
6.0
3.6
51.7
7.8
4.1
2.6
9.4
5.7
10.2
7.4
4.5
72.5
12.0
6.9
3.9
13.5
7.3
12.7
10.2
6.0
86.5
16.6
10.1
4.4
15.8
7.6
13.4
11.7
77.1
15.0
12.4
3.7
11.7
6.1
10.5
10.9
6 .8
90.2
17.9
12.6
4.3
16.0
7.3
12.4
12.4
7.3
6 .8
53.6
8.9
6.2
2.5
9.3
5.2
9.7
7.2
4.6
34.5
6.3
5.2
1.7
5.1
3.5
5.5
4.5
2.8
Pacific______________________________
Washington_____________________
Oregon_________________________
California_______________________
314.8
60.7
36.2
217.9
267.8
55.9
30.8
181.0
234.9
46.6
24.2
164.1
195.8
38.9
16.7
142.3
212.3
35.9
16.9
159.5
227.1
37.9
17.8
171.3
244.4
32.4
16.8
195.1
260.5
25.3
15.3
220.0
311.0
35.1
20.7
255.2
384.1
47.6
31.1
305.4
413.7
59.2
39.8
314.6
420.0
68.1
45.2
306.6
389.1
72.1
48.7
268.2
295.9
46.0
26.9
222.9
180.3
33.3
22.9
124.1
M i c h i g a n __________
_________________
1 Average of weekly data adjusted for split weeks In the month.
may not add to totals because of rounding.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Figures
241. 7
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security,
A.— E M P L O Y M E N T
T
able
A -7 .
451
U n em p loym en t insurance and em ploym ent service programs, selected operations 1
[All Items except average benefits amounts are In thousands]
1959
Jan.
Employment service:
New applications for work-------Nonfarm placements......................
1957
1958
Item
Dec.
896
398
Nov.
737
406
Oct.
740
413
Sept.
775
514
776
545
Aug.
725
489
July
June
812
459
979
456
M ay
866
439
Apr.
954
404
Mar.
951
332
Feb.
999
312
Jan.
Jan.
898
433
1,101
355
State unemployment insurance pro
grams: !
1,790
1,924
1, 565
2,285
Initial claims 8________________
1,258
1,251
1, 659
1,795
1,815
1,259
1,513
1,538
1,983
1,186
Insured unem ploym ent4 (aver
2,518
2,111
1,737
1,781
3,302
2,877
age weekly volum e)_________
2,203
2, 511
2,984
3,276
3,163
1, 722
1,906
2,667
4.4
6.0
5.1
5.2
6.9
Rate of insured unemployment 4_
4.3
7.6
4.1
6.0
6.3
7.1
7.9
7.9
4.5
Weeks of unemployment com
6,680
9,532
7,997
pensated. . . . . . . ------- -5,939
7,157
8,583 10,277 10,879 12,020 13,055 12, 457 10, 793 10, 780
7, 776
Average weekly benefit amount
$30. 50 $30. 41 $30.46 $30.45 $30. 66 $30. 50 $30. 62 $30.80 $30.80 $30.88 $30.53 $30. 48 $30. 09 $27.73
for total unem ployment............
Total benefits paid____________ $279,461 $234,683 $174,470 $210,300 $231,141 $255,432 $305,638 $325,039 $363,550 $403,845 $370, 248 $320,181 $313,012 $177, 598
Unemployment compensation for
veterans:8
_______
Initial claims *... .
Insured unemployment 4 (aver
age weekly volum e)__________
Weeks of unemployment com
pensated__ . . . ____________
Total benefits paid T_______ . . .
31
13
14
12
13
14
19
30
38
24
27
30
31
37
31
28
26
27
39
53
78
78
74
80
81
72
58
45
131
$3, 486
125
$3,311
102
2,693
129
$3,391
193
$5,047
248
384
$6, 553 $10,151
333
$8,853
334
$8,922
368
$9,833
345
$9,285
279
$7,546
258
$6,924
206
$5, 572
Railroad unemployment insurance:
22
20
21
43
17
117
80
24
27
Applications 8_________________
17
17
20
20
Insured unemployment (average
122
125
121
149
135
119
128
128
146
113
101
140
weekly volum e).......................
118
311
229
309
287
272
286
252
307
338
319
284
250
Number of payments *..................
260
Average amount of benefit pay
ment •_ ______ . . . _________ $65. 68 $69. 31 $70.15 $69. 91 $70.35 $69.60 $59.44 $66.85 $67. 27 $68. 59 $67.86 $67.52 $65.07
Total benefits paid 18____ ______ $20, 345 $19, 755 $16,030 $19,076 $18,144 $19,861 $14, 735 $16,651 $20,574 $23,153 $21,626 $19,093 $20,127
68
165
All programs:11
Insured unem ploym ent4..............
2,729
2,307
1,957
1,863
2,062
1 Average weekly Insured unemployment excludes territories; other Items
Include them.
1 Data Include activities under the program of Unemployment Compensa
tion for Federal Employees (U C FE ), which became effective on January 1,
1955.
« An Initial claim is a notice filed by a worker at the beginning of a period
of unemployment which establishes the starting date for any insured un
employment which may result if he is unemployed for 1 week or longer.
* Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem
ployment.
4 The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed
expressed as a percent of the average covered employment in a 12-month
period.
6 Based on claims filed under the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act
of 1952. Excludes claims filed by veterans to supplement State, U C FE , or
railroad unemployment insurance benefits.
» Federal portion only of benefits paid jointly with other programs. Weekly
benefit amount for total unemployment is set by law at $26.
2,374
2, 717
2,847
3,186
3,527
3,505
3, 375
3,065
19
$58. 65
$9,772
1, 850
8 An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning of
his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is required
for subsequent periods in the same year.
8 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods; the aver
age amount is an average for all compensable periods. N ot adjusted for
recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
10 Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments.
11 Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, U C FE . and Veterans’ Programs, and that covered by the Railroad
Unemployment Insurance Act. Beginning with November 1958, includes
data for ex-servicemen under the program of Unemployment Compensation
for Ex-servicemen, effective October 27, 1958.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security
for all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which are prepared
by the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board.
The™labor turnover tables (B -l and B-2) have been dropped from the Review pending a general revision of the
Current Labor Statistics section because, beginning with January 1959 data, the categories for which labor turn
over rates are published differ from those previously published. Current data are available monthly in Employ
ment and Earnings or may be obtained upon request.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
452
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
C.—Earnings and Hours
T a b l e C -l.
H ours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, b y industry 1
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Year and month
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly,
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Mining
Metal
Total: Mining
Total: Metal
$98. 81
102.21
99.72
98.81
97.02
94.62
96.01
101.89
99. 96
101.24
102.14
102. 40
103. 60
105. 56
106.13
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
1958: January............
February____
March..............
April________
M ay..................
June________
July...................
August-, ___
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January-........ .
$2. 41
2.53
2. 57
2.58
2. 56
2.53
2. 52
2.56
2. 55
2.55
2. 56
2. 56
2. 59
2.60
2.64
41.0
40.4
38.8
38.3
37.9
37.4
38.1
39.8
39.2
39.7
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.6
40. 2
$96.83
98. 74
97.27
96.78
95. 40
92.93
91.10
92.34
96.13
95.63
98.04
98.30
100. 84
101. 24
104. 60
42.1
40.8
39.7
39.5
39.1
38.4
37.8
38.0
38.3
37.8
38.6
38.7
39.7
39.7
40.7
$2.30
2.42
2. 45
2. 45
2.44
2.42
2. 41
2.43
2.51
2. 53
2.54
2.54
2.54
2. 55
2.57
Coal
Iron
$96.71
103.49
98.19
99.63
96.93
93. 96
94.23
98.28
104. 43
105.28
104. 80
101.03
102. 60
101. 82
108. 77
39.8
39.5
36.5
36.9
35.9
34.8
34.9
36.4
36.9
37.2
36.9
35.7
36.0
35.6
37.9
Copper
$2. 43 $100. 28
2.62 97. 75
2.69 98.25
2.70 95. 52
2.70 94.96
2.70 93.30
2. 70 88. 22
2.70 85.56
2.83 89.78
2.83 87.71
2. 84 94.67
2.83 99.79
2. 85 105. 75
2.86 103. 42
2.87 107. 50
43.6
40.9
40.6
39.8
39.9
39.2
37.7
36.1
37.1
35.8
38.8
40.4
42.3
41.7
43.0
Lead and zinc
$2.30 $89.24
2.39 88. 97
2.42 86. 24
2.40 84.50
2.38 85.10
2.38 84. 74
2. 34 83.89
2. 37 86.03
2. 42 86. 55
2.45 83.16
2. 44 83.16
2. 47 87.42
2. 50 89.02
2.48 92.29
2.50 91. 76
Mining—Continued
Coal—Continued
Bituminous
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
1958: January______
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June________
J u ly ..................
August______
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January_____
$106.22
110. 53
103. 36
100. 62
96.37
90.60
93. 30
106.30
97.85
105.90
106. 55
107. 76
107. 31
115. 82
114. 71
37.8
36.6
34.0
33.1
31.7
30.0
31.1
35.2
32.4
35.3
35.4
35.8
35.3
38.1
36.3
$2.81
3.02
3.04
3.04
3.04
3.02
3.00
3. 02
3.02
3.00
3. 01
3.01
3. 04
3. 04
3.16
Petroleum and nat
ural-gas produc
tion (except con
tract services)
$101.68
106. 75
110. 56
110.83
110.97
108.81
107. 06
110.57
110. 83
106. 67
110. 02
107. 60
112. 06
108.54
111. 78
41.0
40.9
41.1
41.2
41.1
40.6
40.4
40.8
41.2
40.1
40.9
40.3
41.2
40. 5
41.4
1956: Average...........
1957: Average_____
1958: January_____
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June________
J u ly .................
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December____
1959: January............
$104. 94
no. 15
110. 59
102.96
110.30
110.01
115.26
114.57
114. 51
116.87
120. 07
120. 66
113. 59
114. 55
114. 07
39.9
39.2
38.4
36.0
38.3
38.6
40.3
40.2
39.9
40.3
40.7
40.9
38.9
38.7
38.8
$2.63
2. 81
2.88
2.86
2.88
2.85
2.86
2.85
2. 87
2.90
2. 95
2. 95
2.92
2. 96
2.94
$2.14 $78.96
2.17 81.79
2.14 81.74
2.15 73.70
2.16 66. 25
2.14 58. 65
2.14 67.60
2.14 80.96
2.18 79. 77
2.16 74.59
2.20 80. 08
2.18 77. 52
2. 22 78. 04
2.24 93.19
2.26 90.44
Nonmetallic mining
and quarrying
$2.48 $85.63
2.61 87.80
2.69 84.25
2.69 81.00
2.70 83. 22
2.68 85. 45
2.65 89.59
2.71 91.49
2.69 91. 94
2.66 93.39
2. 69 95.34
2. 67 95. 37
2. 72 92.84
2. 68 89. 67
2.70 89. 04
44.6
43.9
41.5
39.9
41.2
42.3
43.7
44.2
44.2
44.9
45.4
45.2
44.0
42.1
42.0
$1. 92 $101. 83
2.00 106.64
2.03 107.10
2.03 100. 53
2. 02 106. 44
2.02 107.88
2. 05 111.08
2.07 110.11
2.08 111. 90
2.08 113. 70
2.10 114. 91
2.11 115. 82
2.11 110. 66
2.13 109. 43
2.12 110. 98
37.3
36.9
35.7
33.4
35.6
36.2
37. 4
37.2
37.3
37.9
37.8
38.1
36.4
35.3
35.8
Total: Nonbuilding
construction
$2.73 $101. 59
2. 89 105.07
3.00 103. 79
3.01 96.21
2.99 101.90
2.98 103.45
2. 97 110. 56
2.96 108.67
3.00 110. 57
3.00 114. 66
3.04 117. 32
3. 04 118. 71
3.04 108.11
3.10 105. 36
3.10 105.11
40.8
39.8
38.3
35.5
37.6
38.6
41.1
40.7
40.8
42.0
42.2
42.7
39.6
37.9
38.5
$2. 49
2.64
2.71
2. 71
2.71
2.68
2. 69
2. 67
2. 71
2. 73
2. 78
2.78
2. 73
2.78
2. 73
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Highway and street
construction
$97.63
98.66
92.96
85.26
88.21
94. 57
105. 84
103.25
106. 50
112.31
114. 23
117. 04
102. 62
93. 98
93. 21
41.9
40.6
38.1
34.8
36.6
38.6
42.0
41.3
41.6
43.7
43.6
44.5
40.4
37.0
38.2
$2.33
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.41
2.45
2.52
2.50
2.56
2. 57
2.62
2.63
2.54
2.54
2.44
Building construction
Total: Building
construction
$101. 92
106.86
108.06
101.64
107. 71
108. 63
111.08
110.77
112.17
113. 40
114. 25
115.18
111. 16
110. 37
112. 29
36.4
36.1
35.2
33.0
35.2
35.5
36.3
36.2
36.3
36.7
36.5
36.8
35.4
34.6
35.2
$2.80
2.96
3.07
3.08
3.06
3.06
3.06
3.06
3. 09
3. 09
3.13
3.13
3.14
3.19
3.19
Special-trade contractors
General contractors
$95.04
98.89
100.39
91.58
100.04
101. 60
105.12
103. 46
104. 54
106.48
105. 56
107. 01
103. 37
99.12
103. 30
36.0
35.7
35.1
31.8
35.1
35.4
36.5
36.3
36.3
37.1
36.4
36.9
35.4
33.6
34.9
Total: Specialtrade contractors
$2.64 $107.16
2.77 112.17
2.86 112.29
2.88 107.18
2. 85 112. 29
2.87 113.21
2.88 115.12
2.85 115.16
2.88 116 89
2. 87 117.90
2. 90 118. 99
2. 90 119.64
2.92 115. 73
2. 95 116. 51
2.96 116. 84
36.7
36.3
35.2
33.6
35.2
35.6
36.2
36.1
36.3
36.5
36.5
36.7
35.5
35.2
35.3
Building construction—Continued
1956: Average_____ $125.22
39.5
1957: Average_____ 132.10
39.2
1958'. January_____ 132.35
38.7
February____ 128.25
37.5
March_______ 132.17
38.2
April................. 133.32
38.2
M ay________ 135. 52
38.5
June________ 136.68
38.5
July.................. 137.11
38.3
August______ 136. 76
38.2
September___ 140. 09
38.7
October______ 140.12
38.6
November___ 134. 66
37.2
December____ 140. 48
38.7
1959: January_____ 139. 01
38.4
See footnotes at end of table.
$2.40
2.63
2.68
2.68
2.65
2.63
2.62
2. 62
2.59
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.61
2.64
2.66
Nonbuilding construction
Total: Contract
construction
Plumbing and
heating
$2.92 $112.31
3. 09 118. 87
3.19 122.36
3.19 117.85
3.19 120.80
3.18 121. 77
3.18 121.66
3.19 122. 47
3.22 124. 64
3.23 124. 97
3.26 126. 39
3.26 126.39
3. 26 121.77
3.31 127. 59
3.31 127. 97
38.2
38.1
38.0
36.6
37.4
37.7
37.9
37.8
38.0
38.1
38.3
38.3
36.9
38.2
38.2
$2.94
3.12
3.22
3.22
3.23
3.23
3. 21
3.24
3.28
3. 28
3. 30
3. 30
3.30
3. 34
3. 35
Other specialtrade contractors
$3.17 $102.39
3.37 106.30
3.42 104.54
3.42 97.34
3.46 105.43
3.49 106.64
3.52 110.09
3.55 109.51
3.58 111. 51
3. 58 112. 46
3.62 113. 53
36.3 114.12
3.62 110. 66
3.63 107. 24
3. 62 108. 85
35.8
35.2
33.4
31.3
33.9
34.4
35.4
35.1
35.4
35.7
35.7
36.0
34.8
33.2
33.7
Painting and
decorating
$99.81
103. 75
102. 94
100.78
103.80
106. 91
106. 79
107.71
108. 42
110. 76
110. 25
110. 92
108. 73
109.10
107. 84
34.9
34.7
33.1
32.3
33.7
34.6
34.9
35.2
35.2
35.5
35.0
35.1
34.3
34.2
33.7
$2.86
2.99
3.11
3.12
3.08
3.09
3.06
3.06
3.08
3.12
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.19
3.20
Manufacturing
Special-trade contractors—Continued
Electrical work
32.9
31.1
30.5
27.5
25.0
22.3
25.8
30.9
30.8
28.8
30.8
29.7
29.9
35.3
34.0
Contract construction
Nonbuilding
construction—Con.
Other nonbuilding
construction
41.7
41.0
40.3
39.3
39.4
39.6
39.2
40.2
39.7
38. 5
37.8
40.1
40.1
41.2
40.6
Anthracite »
Durable goods
Total: Manufacturing
$2.86 $79.99
3.02 82.39
3.13 81.66
3.11 80. 64
3.11 81.45
3.10 80.81
3.11 82.04
3.12 83.10
3.15 83.50
3.15 84.35
3.18 85. 39
3.17 85.17
3.18 86.58
3.23 88.04
3.23 87.38
40.4
39.8
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.3
38.7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.8
39.9
40.2
39.9
Durable goods
$1.98 $86.31
2.07 88.66
2.11 87.14
2.10 86.46
2.11 87. 75
2.11 87.30
2.12 88. 37
2.12 89.89
2.13 89.83
2.13 91.14
2.14 92.46
2.14 91.83
2.17 94. 30
2.19 96. 29 ¡
2.19 94. 941
41.1
40.3
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40.2
40.1
40.3
40.8
40.4
Nondurable goods
$2.10 $71.10
2.20 73. 51
2.24 73.54
2.24 73.15
2.25 73.53
2. 25 73.14
2.26 73. 91
2.27 75.08
2.28 75.66
2.29 76.04
2. 30 77.03
2.29 76.83
2. 34 77. 22
2.36 78.01
2.35 77.81
39.5
39.1
38.3
38.1
38.1
37.7
38.1
38.7
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.6
39.3
$1.80
1.88
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1. 97
1.98
Total: Ordnance
and accessories
$91.54
95.47
100.77
99.06
99. 72
100.12
99.88
100.94
100.94
100.69
103. 00
103.00
103.16
106. 43
105. 50
41.8
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
41.2
41.1
41.9
41.7
$2.19
2.34
2.44
2.44
2.45
2.46
2. 46
2.48
2. 48
2.48
2. 50
2.50
2 51
2. 54
2. 53
C.— EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
453
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg.
Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg,
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
Total: Lumber and
wood products (ex
cept furniture)
1956: Average______ $70.93
1957: Average______ 72.04
1958: January______ 69.69
February____
70.43
March_______ 70.80
April................. 71.39
M ay________
74.45
June.................. 76.14
July-------------- 74.28
August______
77. 74
September___
80.12
October_____
80. 15
November___
77.59
December____ 77.38
1959: January_____
75. 24
40.3
39.8
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.6
40.5
39.3
40.7
41.3
41.1
40.2
40.3
39.6
United States
$1.76 $71. 51
40.4 $1.77
1.81 70.92
39.4
1.80
1.81 67.08
37.9
1.77
1.82 67.82
38.1
1.78
1.82 69.09
38.6
1.79
1.84 68.92
38.5
1. 79
1.88 73. 05
39.7
1.84
1.88 74.52
1.84
40.5
1.89 73.66
39.6
1.86
1.91 76.70
40.8
1.88
1.94 77.68
41.1
1.89
1.95 77. 30
40.9
1.89
1.93 75. 39
40.1
1.88
1.92 75.17
40.2
1.87
1.90 71.94
39.1
1.84
Lumber and wood
Mittwork
1956: Average______ $72.90
1957: Average_____
75. 55
1958: January............ 74. 29
February____
74.28
March_______ 74.09
April________
74.28
M ay________
77. 57
June_________ 79.13
July-------------- 79.73
August______
82. 74
September___
82. 91
O c to b e r .-___ 82. 54
November___
80. 95
December____ 80.16
1959: January_____
80. 20
40.5
40.4
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.3
40.4
41.0
41.1
42.0
42.3
41.9
41.3
40.9
40.3
Plywood
$1.80 $76.22
1.87 76.00
1.90 76. 04
1.89 78. 39
1.89 78.39
1.89 78.20
1.92 79. 60
1.93 81.18
1.94 78. 41
1. 97 83.16
1.96 84.85
1.97 85.49
1.96 85.90
1.96 84. 05
1.99 84.25
Household furniture *
1956: A verage.......... $65. 77
1957: Average............ 66.63
1958: January........... 63. 96
February____
64.34
M arch_______ 64.68
April________
63.34
M ay________
63.00
June_________ 65.23
July-------------- 65. 57
August______
68.61
September___
70.45
October______ 70. 79
November___
70.28
December____ 71.14
1959: January_____
69.08
40.6
39.9
38.3
38.3
38.5
37.7
37.5
38.6
38.8
40.6
41.2
41.4
41.1
41.6
40.4
41.7
39.3
38.1
37.4
37.3
37.0
36.2
37.0
36.8
38.0
39.8
38.9
38.3
38.2
38.7
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$72.14
71.53
67. 66
68.58
69. 87
69.69
74.03
75.52
74.64
77. 52
78.50
78.12
76.19
75.79
72.54
products
$1.85 $56. 71
1.90 56.23
1.93 53.30
1.95 53. 39
1.95 54.67
1.96 55.10
1.98 56.34
1.98 58.03
1.97 58.15
1. 98 59.60
2.03 59. 68
2.05 59.09
2. 05 57.31
2.05 57.38
2.04 57. 57
Wood household fur
niture (except up
holstered)
Partitions, shelving,
lockers, and fixtures
$2.09 $84.05
2.17 85.22
2.19 83.38
2.20 83. 44
2.21 84. 97
2.20 82.84
2.19 84.10
2.23 86.85
2. 23 86.14
2.25 88.48
2. 27 87.98
2. 27 86.80
2.27 86.08
2.29 88. 65
2. 28 84.67
41.0
40.2
38.6
38.1
38.8
38.0
38.4
39.3
38.8
39.5
39.1
39.1
38.6
39.4
37.8
40.8
39.6
37.8
37.6
38.5
38.8
39.4
40.3
40.1
41.1
40.6
40.2
39.8
39.3
39.7
West
39.9
39.4
36.6
38.0
37.9
36.7
35.5
36.9
37.3
39.9
40.7
41.3
41.1
42.1
39.0
41.0
39.8
37.7
37.5
38.6
38.9
39.5
40.6
40.7
41.4
41.1
40.0
39.6
39.4
39.3
39.4
39.1
37.5
37.5
36.4
36.7
38.5
40.6
41.4
41.7
41.8
40.7
39.1
4C.0
40.7
41.1
40.5
39.2
38.6
39.1
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.4
40.3
$2.33 $74.48
40.7 $1.83
2.32 75.60
1.89
40.0
2.30 74.88
1.92
39.0
2.29 75.46
39.3
1.92
2.30 75. 65
39.4
1.92
2.30 76.04
39.4
1.93
2.34 78.20
40.1
1.95
2.34 79.58
40.6
1.96
2.35 79.18
40.4
1.96
2. 37 82. 57
41.7
1.98
2.41 83.18
41.8
1.99
2.41 83. 42
41.5
2.01
2.40 83.21
41.4
2.01
2.39 81.00
40.5
2.00
2.35 81.00
40.3
2.01
Furniture and fixtures
41.1
40.5
39.5
39.2
39.9
39.8
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.5
40.8
41.3
40.8
41.0
4C.6
Total: Furniture and
fixtures
$1.46 $68. 95
1.52 70.00
1.55 67.76
1. 55 67.97
1. 55 68. 32
1.55 67.26
1. 56 66.91
1.58 69.06
1. 59 68.85
1.59 72.09
1.59 73.80
1.60 73. 39
1.60 73. 03
1.60 74.16
1.60 72. 36
Office, public-bullding, and profes
sional furniture *
Flat glass
$1. 96 $113.30
2.05 114. 62
2.10 117.09
2.09 109.63
2.09 108.02
2.09 104.80
2.09 105. 09
2.10 103. 32
2.11 108. 29
2.13 122.18
2.16 128.94
2.11 78.12
2.14 123. 51
2.16 133.35
2.16 136. 53
41.2
40.5
40.1
38.2
37.9
36.9
37.4
36.9
37.6
41.0
42.0
28.1
40.1
42.2
42.4
40.8
40.0
38.5
38.4
38.6
38.0
37.8
38.8
38.9
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.8
41.2
40.2
$1.69
1.76
1. 76
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.78
1.77
1.78
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.80
Wood office furniture
$1.82 $79.61
41.9 $1.90 $71.05
1. 89 78.99
1.96 64.71
40.3
1. 94 78. 61
1.99 63.76
39.5
1.94 77.40
38.7
2.00 61.82
1.92 78.38
38.8
2.02 60.10
1.93 77.99
2. 01 60.38
38.8
1.94 76. 42
38.4
1.99 60.64
1.97 78.59
39.1
2.01 63.92
1.95 77. 81
1.99 63.11
39.1
1.97 82.22
40.5
2.03 64.94
1.97 83.84
2.04 66.41
41.1
1. 97 81.80
2.04 65.31
40.1
1.94 81.00
2. 03 63.49
39.9
1.92 82.62
2.05 67. 47
40.3
2.05 81.80
2.04 68.43
40.1
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products
$1.64 $80. 56
1.71 83.03
1.77 82.32
1.76 80. 67
1.76 81.72
1.76 81.51
1.78 82. 97
1. 77 84.63
1.77 84.40
1.77 86.90
1.78 88. 78
1.77 86.51
1.80 87.53
1.82 87.26
1.82 87.05
39.0
38.2
35.9
37.6
37.7
37.4
39.0
39.3
38.9
39.8
39.9
39.9
38.8
39.2
37.0
Miscellaneous wood
products
$1.38 $60.01
1.42 61.56
1.39 61.23
1.39 60. 76
1.40 61.85
1. 41 61.69
1. 43 61.62
1.44 63.36
1.47 62. 96
1. 45 64. 40
1.46 64.87
1.44 66.08
1.40 65.28
1.43 65.60
1.41 64.96
Mattresses and
bedsprings
$1.80 $71. 71
1.84 73.90
1. 85 72. 75
1.85 72. 75
1.85 69. 89
1.85 70.83
1.85 74.69
1.86 79.98
1.85 80. 73
1.86 82.15
1.87 82.35
1.89 80.18
1.89 75.85
1.91 76.80
1.88 83.44
Screens, blinds, and
miscellaneous fur
niture and fixtures
40.3
40.0
39.7
39.3
39.5
39.8
39.6
40.2
39.8
40.8
40.7
40.5
41.1
41.2
40.8
Wooden boxes, other
than cigar
$1.39 $56. 58
1.42 56. 52
1.41 52.40
1. 42 52.13
1.42 54.04
1.42 54.85
1.43 56. 49
1.44 58. 46
1.45 59. 83
1.45 60.03
1.47 60.01
1.47 57.60
1.44 55.44
1.46 56.34
1.45 55.41
Wood household fur
niture, upholstered
$2.05 $66.09
2.12 68.40
2.16 70.27
2.19 69.17
2.19 69.52
2.18 70.05
2.19 70. 49
2.21 71.15
2.22 70. 45
2.24 72.22
2.25 72.45
2. 22 71. 69
2.23 73.98
2.25 74.98
2.24 74. 26
South
40.3 $1.79 $49.09
41.6 $1.18 $90.87
39.3
1.82 49.29
40.4
1.22 88.62
37.8
1. 79 48.46
39.4
1.23 82.57
38.1
1.80 48.09
39.1
1.23 86.10
38.6
1.81 48.83
39.7
1.23 86.71
38.5
1.81 48.83
39.7
1.23 86.02
1.86 49. 94
39.8
40.6
1.23 91.26
40.6
1.86 51.00
41.8
1.22 91.96
39.7
1.88 50.43
41.0
1.23 91.42
40.8
1.90 52. 33
42.2
1. 24 94. 33
41.1
1.91 52.15
42.4
1.23 96.16
40.9
1.91 52.58
42.4
1.24 96.16
40.1
1.90 52.20
42.1
1.24 93.12
1.89 51.25
40.1
41.0
1.25 93. 69
1. 86 51.25
39.0
41.0
1.25 86. 95
(except furniture)—Continued
Wooden containers*
$1.62 $59.20
41.4 $1.43 $71.82
40.4
1.67 59.79
1.48 72.50
39.1
1.67 57. 87
1.48 67. 71
38.3
1.68 56.68
1.48 70.30
1.68 57.96
38.9
1.49 70.12
1.68 56. 77
38.1
1.49 67.90
38.1
1.68 56. 77
1.49 65. 68
1.69 58.05
38.7
1.50 68.63
1.69 58.20
38.8
1.50 69. 01
1.69 61.20
40.8
1.50 74.21
41.5
1.71 63.08
1. 52 76.11
1.71 63.69
41.9
1.52 78.06
1.71 63.38
41.7
1.52 77.68
1.71 63.54
1.52 80.41
41.8
41.1
1.71 62.06
1. 51 73.32
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Metal office furniture
1966: Average______ $87.15
1957: Average______ 85.28
1958: January_____
83.44
February____
82.28
March_______ 82.43
April________
81.40
M ay................. 79.28
June_________ 82. 51
July-------------- 82.06
August______
85.50
September___
90.35
October............ 88.30
November___
86.94
December____ 87.48
1959: January_____
88.24
41.2
40.0
39.4
40.2
40.2
39.9
40.2
41.0
39.8
42.0
41.8
41.7
41.9
41.0
41.3
Millwork, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural
wood
products »
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Sawmills and planing
mills >
42.8
40.7
39.6
38.4
37.1
37.5
37.9
39.7
40.2
41.1
42.3
41.6
40.7
42.7
42.5
$1.66
1.59
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.61
1.57
1.58
1.57
1.57
1.56
1.58
1.61
Glass and glassware,
pressed or blown *
$2. 75 $79.40
2.83 83.58
2.92 84. 77
2.87 84.56
2.85 86.00
2.84 83. 85
2. 81 84. 71
2.80 86.40
2.88 84.28
2. 98 85.97
3.07 85.97
2. 78 87.67
3.08 87.16
3.16 87.16
3.22 86.98
39.7
39.8
39.8
39.7
40.0
39.0
39.4
40.0
39.2
39.8
39.8
40.4
39.8
39.8
39.9
$2.00
2.10
2.13
2.13
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.18
454
T able
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.]
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—C on tlnued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
1956: Average_____ $80. 59
1957: Average-------85.01
1958: January_____
85. 86
February____
86.69
March_______ 87.29
April________
86.58
M ay________
87.67
88. 75
June............ .
July-------------- 86. 37
88. 07
August______
86. 58
September___
October______ 88. 73
87. 23
November___
December____ 86.98
1959: January........... 88.26
39.7
40.1
40.5
40.7
40.6
39.9
40. 4
40.9
39.8
40.4
39.9
40.7
40.2
39.9
40.3
$2.03 $77.81
2.12 81. 56
2.12 83.42
2.13 81. 58
2.15 83.67
2. 17 79. 92
2.17 80.14
2.17 81.79
2.17 80. 77
2.18 82. 04
2.17 85.14
2.18 86. 40
2.17 87.25
2.18 87.12
2.19 85.50
Floor and wall tile
1956: A verage_____ $73. 57
1957: A verage.......... 75.81
1958: January_____
73. 92
February____
73. 54
March_______ 74. 30
April________
74. 11
M ay________
76. 44
June________
77.39
July_________ 77.18
August---------- 78. 59
September___
79. 37
October____ _ 78.99
November___
78.00
December____ 78. 60
1959: January_____
79.18
40.2
39.9
38.5
38.5
38.9
38.6
39.4
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.7
40.3
40.0
40.1
40.4
Pressed or blown glass Glass products made
of purchased glass
39.7
39.4
38.8
38.3
39.1
37.7
37.8
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.6
40.0
39.3
39.6
39.4
$1.96 $69.12
2.07 70. 67
2.15 68. 92
2.13 67.30
2.14 68.20
2.12 67.88
2.12 68.99
2.13 69. 72
2.12 70. 25
2.12 72.68
2.15 75. 70
2.16 75. 07
2.22 76.45
2. 20 77.64
2.17 72.71
Sewer pipe
$1.83 $72. 76
1.90 73.26
1.92 65. 29
1.91 65.45
1.91 65. 66
1.92 67. 69
1. 94 73. 34
1.93 76.82
1.92 76. 63
1.95 77.81
1.95 79. 59
1.96 79.60
1.95 76.44
1.96 71.76
1.96 72. 76
40.2
39.6
35.1
35.0
35.3
36.2
38 0
39.6
39.5
39.7
40.4
40.2
39.0
36.8
37.7
40.9
39.7
38.5
37.6
38.1
37.5
37.7
38.1
38.6
39.5
40.7
40.8
41.1
41.3
39.3
$1.69 $83.84
1.78 87. 91
1. 79 89.60
1. 79 87.47
1.79 87.19
1.81 89. 82
1.83 90.94
1.83 92.11
1.82 95. 24
1.84 95. 58
1.86 97. 82
1.84 96.70
1.86 97.41
1.88 95.18
1.85 93.22
Clay refractories
$1.81 $80.36
1.85 83.81
1.86 80.91
1.87 78. 08
1.86 77.95
1.87 78. 40
1.93 80.19
1.94 83.25
1.94 86.07
1.96 87. 66
1.97 91. 72
1.98 91.10
1.96 91.15
1.95 89.35
1.93 90. 58
39.2
38.8
35.8
34.7
34.8
35.0
35.8
37.0
37.1
37.3
38.7
38.6
38.3
37.7
37.9
Cement, hydaulic
41.3
40.7
40.0
39.4
39. 1
40. 1
40.6
40.4
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.8
41. 1
40.5
39.5
$2.03 $73.44
2.16 74.61
2. 24 71.06
2.22 69. 93
2.23 71.25
2.24 72.38
2. 24 74. 28
2. 28 76.17
2. 34 76.19
2.36 77.95
2.38 79.35
2.37 79.15
2. 37 78.18
2. 35 75. 85
2. 36 75. 85
Pottery and related
products
$2.05 $72.20
2.16 73. 48
2. 26 71.86
2.25 73. 08
2.24 73. 24
2.24 71.60
2.24 70. 85
2. 25 71.40
2. 32 70. 38
2. 35 71.71
2.37 74. 30
2. 36 75. 52
2.38 77.29
2.37 76.43
2.39 78. 54
37.8
37.3
35.4
36.0
35.9
35.1
34.9
35.0
34.5
35.5
36.6
37.2
37.7
37.1
36.8
Structural clay
products 5
40.8
39.9
37.6
37.0
37.9
38.5
39.3
40.3
40.1
40.6
40.9
40.8
40.3
39.1
39.1
$1.80 $69. 97
1.87 69.60
1.89 66.35
1.89 64.81
1.88 67.37
1.88 69. 95
1.89 70. 82
1.89 72. 80
1.90 72. 63
1.92 73.85
1.94 73. 33
1.94 74. 03
1.94 73.39
1.94 68. 51
1.94 68. 06
Concrete, gypsum, and
plaster products 2
$1.91 $81.88
1.97 82. 75
2.03 81. 54
2.03 78.80
2.04 80.16
2. 04 81. 76
2. 03 85. 77
2. 04 88.20
2.04 89. 49
2.02 90. 50
2. 03 90. 37
2.03 91.80
2.05 88. 91
2. 06 86. 51
2. 08 86.70
44.5
43.1
41.6
39.8
40.9
41. 5
43.1
44.1
44.3
44.8
44.3
45.0
43.8
42.2
42.5
1956: A verage_____ $69. 87
1957: Average_____
70.98
1958: January_____
69. 74
February____
69.38
March_______ 71.96
April________
73.21
M ay________
74.98
June_________ 74.26
July-------------- 72. 94
August______
73.21
September___
75. 21
October............ 75. 26
November___
72.58
December........ 72. 07
1959: January______ 71.13
41.1
40.1
39.4
39.2
40.2
40.9
41.2
40.8
40.3
40.9
41.1
40.9
40.1
39.6
39.3
$1.70 $83.23
1.77 86. 67
1.77 84. 41
1.77 83.81
1.79 85.67
1.79 83.98
1.82 84. 58
1.82 87. 74
1.81 85. 75
1.79 89. 42
1.83 91.35
1.84 91.62
1.81 91.80
1.82 93.94
1.81 94.16
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills *
1956: A verage_____ $102.06
40.5
1957: Average_____ 104. 79
39.1
1958: January_____ 100. 46
36.4
February------- 98.18
35.7
March.............. 100. 46
36.4
April................ 100.91
36.3
M ay________ 101. 66
36.7
June________ 106. 60
37.8
July-------------- 111. 72
38.0
August______ 112.18
37.9
September___ 115. 71
38.7
October______ 114. 52
38.3
November___ 115. 50
38.5
December____ 116. 40
38.8
1959: January______ 119. 99
39.6
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products *
40.8
40.5
38.9
38.8
39.3
38.7
38.8
39.7
38.8
40.1
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.2
41.3
$2.04 $88. 62
2. 14 90.74
2.17 89.09
2.16 87.17
2.18 89.01
2.17 87.09
2.18 86. 95
2.21 87. 89
2. 21 86.86
2. 23 87. 78
2. 25 92. 50
2. 24 95.18
2.25 95. 58
2.28 98.88
2.28 98. 74
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills, except electro
metallurgical prod
ucts
$2.52 $102. 47
2.68 105.18
2.76 100. 55
2. 75 98.26
2. 76 100. 55
2. 78 101.00
2. 77 101. 75
2.82 106. 97
2.94 112.10
2. 96 112. 56
2.99 116.10
2.99 114.90
3.00 115. 89
3.00 116. 79
3. 03 120.38
40.5
39.1
36.3
35.6
36.3
36.2
36.6
37.8
38.0
37.9
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.8
39.6
Abrasive products
$2.53
2.69
2. 77
2. 76
2. 77
2. 79
2.78
2.83
2.95
2. 97
3.00
3.00
3.01
3.01
3.04
40.1
39.8
38.4
37.9
38.7
37.7
37.0
37.4
37.6
38.0
39.7
40.5
40.5
41.2
40.8
Electrometallurgical
products
$88.22
93.26
98.81
98. 23
96.00
99. 55
97. 91
98.60
100. 65
99. 65
101. 45
100. 75
103.12
102. 72
103. 57
40.1
40.2
41.0
41.1
40.0
40.8
39.8
39.6
40.1
39.7
40.1
40.3
40.6
40.6
41.1
41.7
41.8
39.5
39.7
39.3
39.1
40.0
41.1
39.8
41.7
41.4
41.5
40.8
41.7
42.1
41.2
39.3
36.1
36.3
36.2
35.6
36. 1
37.0
37.3
37.5
38.1
37.9
38.6
39.4
39.5
Nonclay refractories
$2. 03 $89.38
2. 15 90. 20
2.14 78. 57
2.15 81.74
2.15 83.63
2.15 82.69
2.17 83.78
2.20 87.97
2.23 89. 67
2.29 92.13
2.28 99.18
2.27 95. 63
2.26 97. 64
2. 27 107. 01
2.28 99.18
Iron and steel found
ries 2
$2.20 $87.34
2. 32 87.64
2. 41 82.31
2.39 82. 76
2.40 82. 54
2.44 81. 52
2. 46 82. 67
2. 49 85.10
2.51 86.16
2. 51 86.25
2. 53 88. 77
2. 50 87.93
2.54 91.87
2.53 94.17
2. 52 94. 80
$1.67
1.71
1.71
1.71
1. 71
1.74
1. 74
1. 75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.73
1.71
45.0
43.5
41.7
39.0
41.2
42.0
43.6
44.3
44.5
45.0
44.4
45.1
43.5
41.2
41.6
$1.75
1.84
1.89
1.91
1.91
1.92
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.97
1.96
1.94
1.95
1.94
Primary metal
industries
Asbestos products
$2.21 $84. 65
2. 28 89.87
2. 32 84. 53
2.30 85.36
2.30 84.50
2.31 84.07
2. 35 86.80
2.35 90.42
2. 31 88. 75
2. 31 95. 49
2. 33 94. 39
2. 35 94.21
2. 36 92.21
2.40 94.66
2.42 95.99
41.9
40.7
38.8
37.9
39.4
40.2
40 7
41.6
41.5
42.2
41.9
42.3
41.7
39.6
39.8
Concrete products
$1.84 $78. 75
1.92 80.04
1.96 78. 81
1.98 74.49
1.96 78.69
1.97 80.64
1.99 84. 58
2.00 85. 94
2. 02 86.78
2.02 87. 75
2.04 87. 47
2. 04 88. 40
2. 03 84. 39
2.05 80.34
2.04 80. 70
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Cut-stone and stone
products
Brick and hollow tile
39.2
37.9
32.6
34.2
34.7
34.6
35.2
36.5
36.9
37.0
39.2
38.1
38.9
41.0
39.2
$2.28
2.38
2.41
2. 39
2. 41
2.39
2.38
2.41
2. 43
2. 49
2. 53
2. 51
2. 51
2. 61
2.53
Gray-iron foundries
$2.12 $83.84
2.23 84.15
2.28 78. 72
2.28 78.94
2. 28 79.39
2.29 78.62
2. 29 80.86
2.30 83.03
2. 31 84. 22
2. 30 84.15
2. 33 87. 25
2. 32 85.88
2. 38 90. 48
2. 39 92.28
2.40 93.38
40.7
38.6
35.3
35.4
35.6
35.1
36.1
36.9
37.1
37.4
38.1
38.0
38.5
39.1
39.4
Total: Primary metal
industries
$96. 52
98. 75
95.23
94.21
95.35
95.20
96. 23
99.96
102. 91
103.95
106. 74
106. 59
108. 08
109.45
111.08
40.9
39.5
37.2
36.8
37.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.5
39.1
38.9
39.3
39.8
40.1
$2.36
2.50
2.56
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.58
2. 61
2. 68
2.70
2. 73
2.74
2. 75
2.75
2.77
M ailt able-iron found
ries
$2.06 $83.84
2.18 84.63
2.23 81.09
2.23 84. 45
2.23 83.17
2. 24 80.33
2. 24 81.45
2. 25 86.41
2. 27 84. 83
2.25 86.03
2.29 88.94
2. 26 85. 33
2. 35 91.03
2. 36 96. 87
2.37 92.28
40.5
39.0
36.2
37.7
36.8
35.7
36.2
37.9
37. 7
37.9
38.5
37.1
38.9
40.7
39.1
$2.07
2.17
2.24
2.24
2.26
2.25
2.25
2.28
2.25
2.27
2.31
2.30
2.34
2.38
2.36
O.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
455
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
A vg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. A vg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg,
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufaeturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Year and month
Primary metal industries—Continued
Steel foundries
1056: Average_____ $95.63
95.65
1957: Average-------91.20
1958: January..........
February......... 90.38
March_______ 89.28
April................. 88. 08
87.00
M a v ____
June_________ 88.81
July-------------- 91.50
91.74
August..........
92. 61
September___
October______ 94.35
95. 73
November___
98. 60
December___
1959: January___ _ 100.40
42.5
40.7
38.0
37.6
37.2
36.7
36.1
36.7
37.5
37.6
37.8
38.2
38.6
39.6
40.0
$2.25
2.35
2. 40
2.41
2.40
2.40
2. 41
2. 42
2.44
2. 44
2. 45
2. 47
2. 48
2.49
2. 51
Rolling, drawing,
and alloying
of copper
1956: Average...........
1957: Average_____
1958: January...........
February____
March_______
April________
M a y _______
June________
J u ly .................
August______
September___
October______
November___
December___
1959: January_____
$95.18
94. 54
90.34
91.44
92.16
90. 82
91.54
98.17
99. 88
101. 52
102. 59
104. 42
107. 95
108. 89
106. 93
42.3
40.4
37.8
38.1
38.4
38.0
38.3
40.4
40.6
41.1
41.2
41.6
42.5
42. 7
42.1
$2.25
2.34
2.39
2.40
2. 40
2.39
2.39
2.43
2.46
2. 47
2.49
2.51
2. 54
2. 55
2. 54
Primary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals 1
$91. 46
95.82
97.04
08.09
97.69
97. 04
96. 96
96.96
98. 55
99.54
101. 05
102. 36
104. 04
105. 06
104. 90
1956: A verage... . . .
1957: Average_____
1958: January_____
February____
March______
A pril.. . . . .
M a y .................
June.................
July_________
August___ ..
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January_____
$94.48
99. 05
97.66
96.90
95. 74
99.96
97. 66
102.83
107. 74
112. 34
105.18
110. 00
108. 78
107. 56
110. 00
40.9
40.1
38.6
38.0
37.4
39.2
38.0
39.4
40.2
41.3
39.1
40.0
39.7
39.4
40.0
Hardware
1956: Average_____ $83. 44
89.13
1957: Average_____
85. 31
1968: January_____
85. 31
February____
March_______ 85.03
82. 56
April________
M a y .. _______ 85. 80
88.93
June________
J u ly.................. 86.80
August............. 90.98
88.40
September___
October______ 90. 93
97.98
November___
December____ 103.13
1959: January_____
96.10
40.7
40.7
38.6
38.6
38.3
37.7
39.0
39.7
39.1
40.8
40.0
43.3
42.6
43.7
41.6
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.22 $88. 81
2.36 89. 91
2.42 88.70
2.44 89.15
2.43 88. 98
2. 42 88.31
2.43 87. 42
2. 43 89.10
2. 47 90. 46
2.52 89.24
2. 52 91.01
2.54 91. 54
2. 55 94.89
2. 55 96.00
2. 54 96.74
Rolling, drawing,
and alloying
of aluminum
$90.90
96.00
97.32
100.80
102. 62
102. 47
103. 68
106.04
101. 26
107. 20
108. 27
110. 97
112.19
110.16
108. 27
Primary metal in
dustries—Continued
Welded and heavyriveted pipe
41.2
40.6
40.1
40.2
40.2
40.1
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.8
41.2
41.3
40.4
40 0
39.4
40.0
40.4
40.5
40.5
41. 1
39.4
40.0
40.1
41.1
41.4
40.8
40.1
Primary smelting and
refining of copper,
lead, and zinc
41.5
40.5
39.6
39.8
39.9
39.6
39.2
39.6
39. 5
38.8
39.4
39.8
40.9
41.2
41.7
$2.14
2.22
2. 24
2.24
2.23
2.23
2. 23
2. 25
2. 29
2.30
2.31
2. 30
2. 32
2. 33
2.32
Nonferrous foundries
$2. 26 $88. 94
2.40 91.20
2. 47 90. 25
2.52 89.24
2. 54 89. 71
2.53 88. 86
2.56 90. 87
2.58 93.60
2. 57 91.96
2.68 93.60
2.70 95.18
2.70 94.87
2. 71 96.63
2. 70 98.95
2.70 98.40
40.8
40.0
38.9
38.3
38.5
38.3
39.0
40.0
39.3
40.0
40. 5
40.2
40.6
41.4
41.0
$2.18
2.28
2.32
2. 33
2.33
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.35
2. 36
2.38
2. 39
2. 40
Primary refining of
aluminum
$95.34
103.68
106. 52
109.35
109. 89
109. 62
110. 43
108. 80
108. 78
115. 20
117.38
118.90
117. 74
118. 49
116. 76
40.4
40.5
40.5
40.5
40.7
40.6
40.6
40.0
39.7
40.0
40.9
41.0
40.6
41.0
40.4
$2. 36 $85.04
2. 56 87.53
2.63 86.40
2.70 85. 24
2.70 85.24
2.70 87.60
2.72 85.72
2. 72 86.37
2. 74 88.44
2. 88 89. 73
2. 87 90. 72
2.90 93.15
2. 90 93. 34
2. 89 93.30
2.89 93.11
Miscellaneous pri
mary metal
industries *
$100.14
100. 85
98.30
96. 77
96.90
96.14
97.02
101.14
102.83
104.15
106.13
106. 93
109. 48
111. 38
111. 11
41.9
40.5
38.7
38.1
38.0
37.7
37.9
39.2
39.4
39.6
39.9
39.9
40.4
41.1
41.0
Secondary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
$2.39
2.49
2. 54
2.54
2. 55
2. 55
2. 56
2. 58
2.61
2.63
2. 66
2. 68
2.71
2. 71
2. 71
42.1
40.9
40.0
39.1
39.1
40.0
39.5
39.8
40. 2
40.6
40.5
41.4
41.3
41.1
41.2
$2. 02
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.18
2.19
2. 17
2.17
2.20
2.21
2.24
2.25
2.26
2. 27
2. 26
Iron and steel forgings
$105. 42
105.97
100. 47
98. 89
99. 53
97.94
98 58
101.46
103. 60
101.57
104. 34
104. 83
108.42
113.12
112. 56
42.0
40.6
38.2
37.6
37.7
37.1
37.2
38.0
38.8
37.9
38.5
38.4
39.0
40.4
40. 2
$2. 51
2. 61
2.63
2.63
2. 64
2.64
2. 65
2.67
2. 67
2.68
2. 71
2.73
2. 78
2.80
2. 80
Rolling, drawing, and
alloying of nonferrous
metals 5
$93. 38
95. 51
93.65
95. 80
96.68
95.80
96. 43
101.09
99. 75
103.02
104. 60
106.30
108. 52
108. 94
106. 71
41.5
40. 3
38.7
39.1
39.3
39.1
39.2
40.6
39.9
40.4
40.7
41.2
41.9
41.9
41.2
$2.25
2.37
2. 42
2. 45
2. 46
2. 45
2.46
2. 49
2. 50
2. 55
2. 57
2. 58
2. 59
2.60
2. 59
Wire drawing
$96. 83
96.63
96.04
94. 82
93.84
91. 26
94.33
99.45
99. 25
102. 72
105.88
105. 52
107. 90
110.40
107. 23
42.1
40.6
39.2
38.7
38.3
37. 4
38.5
40.1
39. 7
40.6
41.2
40.9
41.5
42.3
41.4
$2. 30
2.38
2. 45
2. 45
2. 45
2.44
2. 45
2. 48
2. 50
2. 53
2.57
2.58
2. 60
2. 61
2. 59
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)
Total: Fabricated
metal products
$2.31 $85. 28
2. 47 88. 94
2. 53 87.25
2. 65 86.36
2. 56 87.42
2. 55 87.14
2.57 88. 65
2. 61 90.80
2. 68 91.20
2. 72 92. 52
2.69 93. 89
2.75 93.02
2. 74 94. 66
2. 73 96. 00
2. 75 93. 96
41.2
40.8
39.3
38.9
39.2
38.9
39.4
40.0
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.8
40.8
41.2
40.5
$2.07
2.18
2.22
2.22
2. 23
2. 24
2.25
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.29
2.28
2.32
2.33
2.32
Heating apparatus
(except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies s
$2.05 $79.99
2.19 83. 95
2. 21 86. 07
2.21 84.97
2. 22 85.41
2.19 85.14
2.20 84. 75
2.24 87. 07
2.22 86.19
2. 23 88.58
2.21 92.03
2.10 92.70
2. 30 90. 50
2. 36 90. 90
2.31 90.23
39.6
39.6
39.3
38.8
39.0
38.7
38.7
39.4
39.0
39.9
40.9
41.2
40.4
40.4
40.1
Tin cans and other
tinware
$92. 20
96.88
96.23
98.42
100.36
98. 74
102. 59
106.68
107. 68
110.16
107. 78
106. 55
108. 52
106. 45
106. 08
42.1
41.4
39.6
40.5
41.3
40.3
41.2
42.5
42.9
43.2
42.6
41.3
41.9
41.1
40.8
$2.19 $81.60
2. 34 85.65
2. 43 82.99
2.43 82.56
2.43 82.94
2.45 81. 53
2. 49 83. 21
2.51 85. 67
2. 51 84. 46
2. 55 86.80
2.53 86.18
2. 58 87. 99
2.59 92.77
2.59 96. 02
2. 60 91.84
Sanitary ware and
plumbers’ supplies
$2. 02 $82.68
2.12 86.41
2.19 90. 39
2.19 89.24
2.19 87. 94
2.20 86.94
2.19 86.79
2.21 91.48
2. 21 88. 85
2.22 90.62
2.25 94.24
2.25 92. 97
2.24 94.30
2. 25 95.94
2. 25 93. 67
39.0
39.1
39.3
38.8
38.4
37.8
37.9
39.6
38.8
39.4
40.1
39.9
40.3
41.0
40. 2
Cutlery, handtools,
and hardware *
40.8
40.4
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.1
38.7
39.3
39.1
40.0
39.9
41.7
41. 6
42.3
41.0
Cutlery and edge tools
$2.00 $72.62
2.12 74.77
2.15 73.53
2.15 72. 58
2.16 74.11
2.14 75.26
2.15 75.85
2.18 75. 46
2.16 75. 83
2.17 75.05
2.16 76. 78
2.11 78.78
2.23 79. 77
2. 27 78. 98
2. 24 77. 41
40.8
40.2
38.7
38.0
38.6
39.2
39.1
39.1
39.7
39.5
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.5
39.9
Handtools
$1.78 $82.82
1.86 83. 37
1.90 82.82
1.91 82. 51
1.92 82.99
1.92 82.94
1.94 81.38
1.93 83.71
1.91 83. 76
1.90 84.70
1.91 87. 25
1. 95 88.31
1.96 89.38
1.95 89.20
1.94 90. 45
41.0
39.7
38.7
38.2
38.6
38.4
37.5
38.4
38 6
38. 5
39.3
39.6
39.9
40.0
40.2
$2. 02
2.10
2.14
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.17
2. 20
2.22
2.23
2. 24
2. 23
2. 25
Oil burners, nonelec
Structural steel and
tric heating and cook Fabricated structural
ornamental metalwork
ing apparatus, not
metal products *
elsewhere classified
$2.12 $79.00
2. 21 82.58
2. 30 84.10
2.30 82. 64
2.29 84.10
2.30 84.07
2.29 83. 85
2.31 84.89
2.29 84.85
2.30 87.42
2. 35 91.27
2.33 92. 80
2.34 88.88
2. 34 88.84
2. 33 89.02
39.9
39.7
39.3
38.8
39.3
39.1
39.0
39.3
39.1
40. 1
41.3
41.8
40.4
40.2
40.1
$1.98 $87.57
2. 08 92. 99
2.14 91.71
2.13 89.83
2.14 91.08
2.15 90. 46
2.15 91.54
2.16 93.56
2.17 94. 94
2. 18 96.52
2. 21 96. 46
2. 22 95 11
2. 20 94.80
2. 21 95.04
2. 22 92.98
41.5
41.7
40.4
39.4
39.6
39.5
39.8
40.5
40. 4
40.9
40.7
40.3
40.0
40.1
39.4
$2.11 $87. 57
2. 23 94. 73
2.27 92.11
2. 28 89.38
2.30 91.31
2. 29 90. 91
2.30 93.09
2.31 94.02
2. 35 95.88
2. 36 97.23
2. 37 96. 05
2. 36 94. 56
2.37 93. 46
2. 37 92.59
2. 36 90.79
41.5
42.1
40.4
39.2
39.7
39.7
40.3
40.7
40.8
41.2
40.7
39.9
39.6
39.4
38.8
$2.11
2. 26
2.28
2. 28
2.30
2. 29
2. 31
2.31
2. 35
2.36
2. 36
2. 37
2. 36
2.35
2. 34
456
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufacturing—C ontinued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—Continued
M etal doors, sash,
frames, molding
and trim
1956: Average-------- $8185
1957: Average........... 89.79
1958: January............ 87.38
86.58
February........
March.............. 86.36
84.86
April________
M ay_______
87.52
88. 75
June________
July-------------- 90.68
91.30
August______
Septem ber.,. . 91. 71
O c to b e r .------ 91.13
92.11
November___
December____ 92.11
1959: January_____
86.02
40.6
41.0
39.9
39.0
38.9
38.4
39.6
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.4
40.4
38.4
$2.09 $87.98
2.19 92.77
2.19 93.43
2.22 91.94
2.22 92.97
2.21 92.73
2. 21 90.17
2.23 94. 71
2.25 94.96
2.26 95.92
2.27 97. 04
2.25 97.53
2.28 97.44
2.28 98.58
2.24 97.69
Lighting fixtures
1956: Average_____ $76.40
1957: Average-------79.80
1958: January...........
76.94
February------- 75. 75
March_______ 74. 77
April................. 75.75
M ay________
78.13
80.57
June_____ . . .
July-------------- 81.97
August______
81.81
83.84
September___
October______ 81.40
November___
85.48
December____ 85.48
1959: January____
84.61
40.0
39.7
37.9
37.5
37.2
37.5
38.3
39.3
39.0
40.3
40.7
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.1
Boiler-shop products
41.5
41.6
40.8
39.8
39.9
39.8
38.7
40.3
39.9
39.8
40.1
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.2
$2.12 $90. 52
2.23 93.56
2.29 93.96
2.31 92.80
2.33 91.64
2.33 92.43
2.33 95.24
2. 35 97.47
2.38 96. 32
2. 41 101.70
2.42 101.22
2.42 99.12
2.43 96.48
2.44 99.87
2. 43 98.90
Fabricated wire
products
$1.91 $80. 75
2.01 82.21
2.03 81.33
2.02 79.90
2.01 80.29
2.02 80.26
2.04 81.30
2.05 82. 92
2. 07 82. 89
2.03 82.92
2.06 87.10
2.00 86. 48
2.09 86. 58
2.09 90.25
2.11 89.16
41.2
40.1
39.1
38.6
38.6
38.4
38.9
39.3
39.1
39.3
40.7
40.6
39.9
41.4
40.9
42.3
41.4
40.5
40.0
39.5
39.5
40.7
41.3
40.3
42.2
42.0
41.3
40.2
41.1
40.7
$2.14 $87.76
2.26 90.13
2.32 87.08
2.32 87. 46
2.32 89.89
2.34 90.68
2.34 92.40
2.36 93.03
2. 39 93.26
2.41 92.10
2. 41 95. 40
2.40 91.25
2.40 96.70
2.43 100. 50
2.43 97.10
Miscellaneous fab
ricated metal
products 1
$1.96 $86.09
2.05 89.01
2.08 85.28
2.07 84.41
2.08 83. 71
2.09 81.75
2.09 83.22
2.11 85. 97
2.12 87.86
2.11 90.68
2.14 93.98
2.13 93.71
2.17 94.62
2.18 95.30
2.18 95.04
42.2
41.4
39.3
38.9
38.4
37.5
38.0
38.9
39.4
40.3
41.4
41.1
41.5
41.8
41.5
Fabricated metal
products
(except
ordnance, machin
ery & transportation
equipment) —Con.
Screw-machine
products
1956: Average_____ $85.63
1957: Average........... 87.99
1958: January-------82.68
February......... 81.24
March.............. 80.98
A pril.......... .
79.76
M ay________
79.76
June___ _ . . .
82.01
July-------------- 84.10
August______
86.43
September___
88. 34
October--------- 89.82
November___
90.03
December____ 91. 56
1959: January_____
91.32
42.6
41.7
39.0
38.5
38.2
37.8
37.8
38.5
39.3
40.2
40.9
41.2
41.3
42.0
41.7
Tractors
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
1958: January_____
February____
March..............
April________
M ay......... ......
June________
July_________
August______
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January______
$90.27
93.22
96.53
92.25
94. 24
98. 21
102.97
100. 44
103. 53
98.36
96. 75
98.89
90. 21
99.33
101.14
40.3
39.5
39.4
37.5
38.0
39.6
40.7
39.7
40.6
39.5
38.7
39.4
35.1
38.8
39.2
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M etal stamping,
coating, and en
graving *
Sheet-metal work
$2.04
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.21
2. 23
2.25
2. 27
2. 28
2.28
2.28
2.29
41.2
40.6
38.7
38.7
39.6
39.6
40.0
40.1
40.2
39.7
41.3
40.2
40.8
41.7
40.8
Vitreous-enameled
products
$2.13 $66.64
2.22 70.49
2.25 66.60
2.26 68.26
2.27 74.34
2.29 66.60
2.31 72.00
2.32 74.66
2. 32 79. 76
2.32 73. 49
2.31 81.06
2.27 82.03
2. 37 82. 75
2.41 80.03
2.38 75.85
Metal shipping
barrels, drums, kegs,
and pails
$97.36
98.64
93. 84
98.06
95. 45
99.54
101.59
104. 66
107. 61
110.25
115.02
99. 84
103.17
101. 63
103. 57
42.7
41.1
38.3
39.7
38.8
40.3
40.8
42.2
42.2
42.9
43.9
39.0
40.3
39.7
40.3
39.2
39.6
36.0
37.1
40.4
36.0
38.5
39.5
42.2
39.3
42.0
42.5
43.1
41.9
41.0
$1.70
1.78
1.85
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.87
1.89
1.89
1.87
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.85
41.0
40.6
38.2
38.0
37.1
37.7
36.9
38.4
38.2
38.3
38.7
39.7
40.1
40.5
39.9
$91.94
93.84
89. 71
90. 71
93.85
96.00
97.69
97.93
97.69
96.07
99.60
94.09
101.09
107.10
102.25
41.6
40.8
38.5
38.6
39.6
40.0
40.2
40.3
40.2
39.7
41.5
39.7
40.6
42.0
40.9
$2.21
2.30
2.33
2.35
2.37
2.40
2.43
2.43
2. 43
2.42
2. 40
2.37
2.49
2. 55
2. 50
Bolts, nuts,
washers, and
rivets
Steel springs
$2.28 $90. 61
2.40 95.41
2. 45 90.15
2. 47 89.68
2.46 87.93
2.47 88.60
2.49 86.72
2.48 91.01
2. 55 91.30
2. 57 91. 54
2.62 92.49
2. 56 96.47
2.56 97.04
2.56 100. 04
2. 57 98. 95
Stamped and
pressed metal
products
$2.21 $88.41
2.35 91.08
2.36 87.91
2.36 84.64
2.37 83.25
2.35 78.59
2.35 81.54
2.37 84. 98
2. 39 86.79
2. 39 91.64
2.39 97. 76
2.43 97.94
2.42 99.30
2.47 100.01
2.48 99. 78
42.3
41.4
39.6
38.3
37.5
35.4
36.4
37.6
37.9
39.5
41.6
41.5
41.9
42.2
42.1
$2.09
2.20
2.22
2.21
2.22
2.22
2. 24
2.26
2.29
2.32
2. 35
2. 36
2.37
2.37
2.37
Machinery (except electrical)
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
$2.01 $93.26
2.11 94.30
2.12 92.90
2.11 92.12
2.12 93.22
2.11 92. 75
2.11 93.38
2.13 94. 25
2.14 93. 77
2.15 93. 77
2.16 95.60
2.18 94. 41
2.18 96.96
2.18 99. 06
2.19 99. 06
42.2
41.0
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.4
40.0
39.5
39.9
40.6
40.6
$2.21
2.30
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.36
2. 37
2. 38
2.38
2. 38
2.39
2.39
2. 43
2. 44
2.44
A g ric u ltu ra l m a
chinery (except trac
tors)
$2.24 $82.37
2.36 89.20
2.45 92.63
2.46 93.03
2.48 95.47
2.48 93.26
2.53 93.50
2.53 94.60
2. 55 92. 27
2.49 91.87
2. 50 94. 24
2.51 93.83
2.57 87. 79
2.56 95. 00
2. 58 94.16
39.6
40.0
40.1
40.1
40.8
40.2
40.3
40.6
39.6
39.6
40.1
40.1
37.2
40.6
39.9
Steam engines, tur
bines, and water
wheels
Engines and
turbines1
$95.45
99.55
100.50
100. 50
102.16
100.00
99. 75
102. 26
99. 57
101.12
104. 49
105. 82
103. 36
105. 97
107. 79
41.5
40.8
40.2
40.2
40.7
40.0
39.9
40.1
39.2
39.5
40.5
40.7
39.6
40.6
41.3
$2.30 $101.33
2.44 113.05
2.50 103.88
2. 50 104.68
2. 51 105.06
2. 50 106.27
2.50 106. 93
2.55 109.21
2. 54 108.13
2.56 111.93
2. 58 114. 65
2. 60 116.31
2.61 113.24
2.61 110. 37
2. 61 110.25
Construction and
mining machinery 2
$2.08 $92.23
2.23 92.84
2.31 90.94
2.32 89. 47
2.34 89.24
2.32 89.24
2.32 89.94
2.33 90.09
2.33 91. 80
2. 32 93.22
2. 35 94. 25
2. 34 94.09
2.36 96.00
2.34 97.53
2.36 97.36
42.5
40.9
39.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.6
38.5
38.9
39.5
39.6
39.7
40.0
40.3
40.4
41.7
42.5
39.2
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.9
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.3
39.7
39.8
$2.43
2.66
2.65
2.65
2.68
2.67
2.68
2.71
2. 71
2. 75
2. 81
2. 83
2.81
2. 78
2. 77
Construction and min
ing machinery, except
oilfield machinery
$2.17 $92.01
2.27 92.39
2.32 90.09
2.33 88.39
2.33 89.01
2.33 89.32
2.33 90.40
2. 34 90. 79
2. 36 93.14
2.36 92.98
2. 38 94. 41
2. 37 92.90
2.40 94.88
2. 42 96.32
2.41 96.80
42.4
40.7
39.0
38.1
38.2
38.5
38.8
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.7
39.8
40.0
Diesel and other in
ternal-combustion Agricultural machin
ery and tractors 1
engines, not else
where classified
$94.21
95. 51
99.23
98.98
101.11
98.00
97.36
99.60
96. 72
97.36
101. 40
102.31
100. 47
104.70
107.01
41.5
40.3
40.5
40.4
41.1
40.0
39.9
40.0
39.0
39.1
40.4
40.6
39.4
40.9
41.8
$2.27 $86.80
2.37 91.31
2.45 94.49
2.45 92.73
2.46 94. 95
2.45 95. 76
2.44 98.01
2. 49 97. 28
2. 48 97. 84
2.49 95.04
2. 51 95. 74
2. 52 96.47
2. 55 88. 69
2.56 97.27
2. 56 97. 96
Oilfield machinery
and tools
$2.17 $92.45
2.27 93. 75
2.31 92.90
2.32 91.26
2.33 89. 71
2.32 88.22
2. 33 88. 92
2.34 88.69
2. 37 89.30
2. 36 93.06
2.39 94.40
2. 37 96. 70
2.39 98.33
2.42 100.43
2.42 98. 53
42.8
41.3
39.7
39.0
38.5
37.7
38.0
37.9
38.0
39.6
40.0
40.8
40.8
41.5
41.4
$2.16
2.27
2.34
2.34
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.34
2.35
2.35
2.36
2. 37
2.41
2.42
2.38
40.0
39.7
39.7
38.8
39.4
39.9
40.5
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.4
39.7
36.2
39.7
39.5
$2.17
2.30
2.38
2.39
2.41
2.40
2. 42
2.42
2. 44
2.40
2. 43
2.43
2.45
2.45
2.48
Metalworking
machinery 2
$108.69
106. 57
99.90
101.09
103. 72
104.00
103.10
102.05
99. 58
97.41
99. 31
99.31
102.17
105.15
107.16
45.1
42.8
39.8
39.8
40.2
40.0
39.5
39.4
38.9
38.5
39.1
39.1
39.6
40.6
40.9
$2.41
2. 49
2. 51
2.54
2.58
2.60
2. 61
2.59
2.56
2. 53
2. 54
2.54
2. 58
2.59
2. 62
457
C — EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry x-—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Year and month
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Machine tools
1956: Average............ $106.02
1957: Average_____ 100. 86
1958: January............ 93.06
89. 77
February____
March.............. 90. 92
89. 49
April____ ____
88.67
M a y ________
June_________ 89.76
July_________ 88. 43
88. 77
August______
91.06
September___
October______ 91.82
93. 27
November___
December____ 95. 83
95.74
1959: January---------
45.7
42.2
39.1
38.2
38.2
37.6
37.1
37.4
37.0
37.3
38.1
38.1
38.7
39.6
39.4
$2.32
2.39
2.38
2.35
2. 38
2. 38
2.39
2.40
2. 39
2.38
2.39
2.41
2.41
2. 42
2.43
Paper-industries
machinery
1956: Average............ $97. 65
1957: Average______ 96. 78
90. 03
1958: January_____
87. 20
February____
March_______ 87.16
86. 24
A p r il........... ..
M a y ................ 89. 20
June_________ 88.31
88. 88
July_________
89.10
A ugust.. ---89.72
September___
October............ 91.14
94.07
N o v e m b e r __
December____ 96. 51
95.17
1959: January._. . . .
46.5
44.6
41.3
40.0
39.8
39.2
40.0
39.6
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
40.9
41.6
41.2
$2.10
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.20
2. 23
2.23
2.25
2. 25
2. 26
2. 29
2.30
2.32
2.31
Industrial trucks,
tractors, etc.
1956: Average_____ $90. 49
89. 78
1957: Average_____
89. 77
1968: January_____
February------- 88.86
March_______ 89.32
90.48
April________
91.34
M ay,. ..
91.57
June.............. ..
93.62
July_________
August-............ 97.75
September___ 100. 28
October______ 94.71
95.59
N ovem ber___
December____ 97. 36
1959: J a n u a r y ..___ 96. 87
41.7
39.9
39.2
38.3
38.5
39.0
39.2
39.3
39.5
40.9
41.1
39.3
39.5
39.9
39.7
40.3
39.5
39.6
38.4
39.4
38.0
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.7
40.9
38.1
40.4
41.0
40.5
8ee footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$97. 41
99. 42
95. 69
95.20
95.84
96. 61
93. 61
95.23
97. 52
99. 58
98. 04
99. 71
101.12
102. 91
102. 80
43.1
41.6
38.9
38.7
38.8
38.8
37.9
38.4
38.7
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.5
40.2
40.0
$102. 70
99. 90
98.90
97.28
99.95
98. 49
97. 69
97. 69
96. 62
95. 06
99. 54
97. 51
100. 94
102. 92
105. 34
43.7
41.8
40.7
40.2
41.3
40.7
40.2
40.2
39.6
38.8
40.3
39.8
40.7
41. 5
41.8
$2.14 $89.54
2. 21 88. 53
2. 26 88. 78
2.26 89.62
2.26 89.31
2.26 85. 88
2. 27 91.39
2.28 94.25
2. 30 96.16
2.30 98.23
2.32 111.60
2.29 101.40
2. 36 97. 93
2. 37 97.69
2. 36 97.36
40.7
39.0
38.6
38.3
39.0
36.7
38.4
39.6
39.9
41.8
45.0
41.9
40.3
40.2
39.9
42.5
41.1
39.6
38.9
39.1
39.1
39.2
39.7
39.3
39.5
39.8
39.8
40.1
40.6
40.4
41.8
41.3
40.0
39.0
39.2
39.4
38.3
38.9
39.6
38.9
40.7
40.5
40.1
42.0
40.3
41.5
41.3
39.9
38.2
38.1
37. 7
37.9
40.1
38.2
39.6
39.3
41.1
42.3
42.7
42.0
42.8
41.5
40.1
39.6
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.4
39.4
39.7
40.2
40.2
40.5
41.1
41.2
$2.10 $89. 67
2.17 91.02
2. 21 91.03
2. 21 91.03
2.22 91.88
2. 22 91.48
2.23 91.25
2.24 93.38
2.25 94. 48
2. 26 96.00
2.27 94.89
2. 27 95. 06
2.29 94.13
2. 30 94.83
2. 30 96. 35
Pum ps, air and gas
compressors
$2.18 $90.31
2.26 90.20
2. 31 87. 58
2. 31 86. 91
2.31 87.36
2.31 88. 59
2. 32 88. 65
2.34 91.20
2. 34 89. 54
2.36 90. 23
2. 37 91.31
2. 39 91.87
2.40 92.73
2. 41 94. 54
2. 39 92. 80
42.4
41.0
39.1
38.8
39.0
39.2
39.4
40.0
39.1
39.4
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.4
40.0
41.2
40.1
38.7
39.0
39.2
39.4
39.3
39.9
40.0
39.6
40.4
40.2
40.4
40.2
40.0
$2.19
2. 25
2.32
2. 33
2.34
2. 33
2.32
2.34
2. 34
2. 36
2. 36
2. 37
2.39
2. 40
2. 41
Sewing machines
$1.96 $88.97
2.03 89.20
2.07 88. 88
2.07 89. 27
2.11 89. 72
2.11 88. 59
2.10 86.03
2.15 87.24
2. 31 87.01
2.18 87. 85
2.16 87.14
2.14 86.91
2.14 89.67
2.17 92. 29
2.14 87. 01
41.0
40.0
39.5
39.5
39.7
39.2
37.9
38.6
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.5
40.3
38.5
41.9
41.0
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.9
40.8
40.4
40.7
41.0
43.0
41.6
39.6
39.0
38.7
38.7
38.8
39.4
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.2
38.6
38.9
39.4
41.4
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.6
40.2
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.7
40.6
40.3
$2.17 $86. 22
2.23 87.64
2. 25 91.60
2. 26 87.17
2. 26 90. 52
2. 26 86.26
2. 27 90. 74
2.26 91.20
2. 26 91.77
2.27 91. 64
2.24 93. 32
2. 24 82.40
2.27 96.39
2. 29 98.88
2. 26 96.87
40.1
39.3
40.0
38.4
39.7
38.0
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.5
40.4
36.3
40.5
41. 2
40. 7
$1.85
1. 91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.94
1.96
1. 96
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.98
2. 01
1.99
41.8
40.6
39.3
38.8
39.2
39.3
39.3
40.5
40.3
40.3
40.6
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.4
$2.07
2.10
2. 21
2.21
2.20
2.19
2. 24
2.22
2. 23
2.25
2.28
2.29
2.29
2. 28
2. 26
Typewriters 3
$2.32 $82. 60
2. 42 76.64
2. 48 70. 56
2.51 67.82
2.52 70.40
2. 51 73.09
2.50 74.84
2.53 79.60
2. 54 77.42
2.56 77.40
2.57 81.41
2. 59 82.01
2.62 83.63
2. 64 81.39
2.64 80.96
Refrigerators and airconditioning units
41.4
40.6
39.9
39.2
38.5
38.0
37.6
37.9
38.0
39.0
40.0
40.1
40.3
41.1
41.4
Blowers, exhaust and
ventilating fans
$2. 27 $86. 53
2. 37 87. 48
2. 40 86. 85
2.39 85. 75
2.39 86.24
2.39 86.07
2. 40 88. 03
2.41 89.91
2. 42 89.87
2. 44 90. 68
2.44 92. 57
2. 44 92.97
2.45 92.75
2. 46 92. 57
2. 46 91. 30
Computing machines
and cash registers
$96.05
98.01
99. 20
101.15
102.31
100.90
100.00
102. 21
104.14
103. 42
104. 34
104. 90
106.63
107.18
106. 39
Textile machinery
$2.14 $76.59
2. 22 77. 55
2. 27 76. 61
2. 27 75.26
2.28 73.92
2.27 72.96
2.27 72.94
2.30 74.28
2. 31 74.48
2.33 76.83
2. 32 78.80
2.33 79.00
2.33 79. 79
2.33 82. 61
2.35 82.39
Conveyors and conveying equipment
$2.13 $97. 61
2.20 98. 59
2.24 95.04
2.24 93. 21
2.24 92.49
2.26 92. 49
2. 25 93.12
2.28 94.95
2.29 92. 69
2.29 93. 94
2.30 93.94
2. 32 93.21
2.33 94. 57
2.34 95. 69
2. 32 96. 92
Office and store machines and devices 2
$2.17 $90. 23
2.28 90.23
2.33 89. 78
2.31 90. 87
2.31 91. 73
2.32 91.80
2.31 91.18
2.34 93. 37
2. 32 93.60
2. 34 93. 46
2.33 95.34
2.33 95. 27
2.32 96. 56
2.34 96. 48
2. 33 96. 40
Commercial laundry.
dry-cleaning and
pressing machines
$2.20 $81.34
2.27 83.84
2.30 82. 59
2. 34 79.07
2.29 80. 39
2. 34 79. 55
2.38 79.59
2.38 86.22
2.41 81.37
2. 35 86. 33
2. 48 84.89
2.42 87.95
2.43 90. 52
2.43 92. 66
2- 44 89.88
Special-industry machinery
(except Food-products machtnmetalworking maery
chinery) *
$2.53 $89. 88
2.59 90.06
2.60 88. 62
2. 66 87. 52
2. 71 87.69
2.73 87. 25
2.75 87.64
2.72 88.26
2.65 88. 65
2.60 89.72
2. 61 91.25
2.60 91.25
2.66 92.75
2. 68 94.53
2. 72 94.76
Mechanical stokers
and industrial furnaces and ovens
$2. 22 $90. 71
2.30 94.16
2.34 93.20
2.35 90.09
2.34 90. 55
2.33 91.41
2.33 88.47
2. 35 91.03
2.34 91. 87
2. 36 91.03
2.38 94.83
2.41 94.37
2. 44 93.03
2. 45 98. 28
2.43 93.90
Domestic laundry
equipment
45.5
43.5
40.6
41.0
41.6
41.5
41.3
40.7
40.0
39.0
39.8
39.7
40.1
41.2
41.8
General industrial
machinery 1
$2.35 $92. 65
2.39 92.89
2. 43 91.48
2.42 89. 86
2. 42 90.32
2. 42 90.32
2. 43 90.94
2. 43 92. 90
2.44 91.96
2. 45 93. 22
2.47 94.33
2.45 95.12
2.48 96.24
2. 48 97. 85
2. 52 96. 56
Mechanical powertransmission equipment
42.8
41.1
39.4
38.4
39.0
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.2
40.0
40.7
41.3
40.8
Machine-tool accessories
$2.26 $115.12
2. 39 112.67
2. 46 105. 56
2.46 109.06
2.47 112. 74
2.49 113.30
2. 47 113.58
2.48 110. 70
2. 52 106. 00
2. 56 101. 40
2. 54 103. 88
2. 55 103. 22
2. 56 106.67
2. 56 110. 42
2. 57 113. 70
Printing-trades machinery and equipment
$2.17 $95.02
2.25 94.53
2.29 92. 20
2. 32 90. 24
2.32 91.26
2.32 89. 94
2.33 90.17
2.33 91.18
2. 37 91.03
2.39 91.80
2.44 93. 30
2.41 96.40
2.42 99.31
2.44 101.19
2. 44 99.14
Service-Industry and
household m achiness
1956: Average_____ $86. 24
1957: Average............ 87.30
89. 50
1958: January..........
86.78
February____
M arch_______ 89.04
85.88
April________
M ay______ . . 89.21
June_________ 90.74
91.31
July_________
91.31
August______
94.89
September___
October______ 87.25
95.34
November___
December____ 97.17
95.58
1959: January_____
Metalworking machinery (except machine tools)
41.3
39.3
36.0
34.6
36.1
37.1
37.8
39.6
39.1
38.7
40.5
40.2
40.4
39.7
39.3
$2.00
1.95
1.96
1.96
1.95
1.97
1.98
2.01
1.98
2.00
2.01
2.04
2.07
2. 05
2.06
Miscellaneous machinery parts2
$2.15 $89.87
2. 23 91.62
2.29 90.52
2. 27 90.23
2.28 90. 85
2. 27 90.62
2. 28 91.01
2.28 92.34
2. 30 91.64
2.32 92,73
2.31 94.47
2.27 92. 51
2.38 98.16
2. 40 98. 81
2. 38 98.40
41.8
40.9
39.7
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.8
39.5
39.8
40.2
39.2
40.9
41.0
41.0
$2.15
2.24
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.32
2. 32
2.33
2.35
2.36
2.40
2.41
2. 40
458
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn* hours
Ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
Ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnIngs
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
Ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnIngs
Avg.
wkly.
earnIngs
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
Ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
Fabricated pipe, fittings, and valves
1956: Average__
1957: Average__
1958: January__
February...
March____
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July........... .
August___
September.
October___
November.
December..
1959: January__
$88.99
91.13
92. 57
90. 94
90. 55
90. 48
89.63
90.39
91.87
92.04
93.30
94.33
95.68
96. 72
95.60
41.2
40.5
39.9
39.2
39.2
39.0
38.8
39.3
39.6
39.5
39.7
39.8
40.2
40.3
40.0
$2.16
2.25
2.32
2.32
2. 31
2.32
2.31
2. 30
2.32
2.33
2.35
2. 37
2.38
2.40
2.39
Carbon and graphite
products (electrical)
1956: Average__
1957: Average__
1958: January__
February..
March____
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July........... .
August___
September.
October___
November.
December..
1959: January__
$84. 46
84.80
83.50
82.60
82.35
82.60
84.20
85. 63
85. 41
86. 29
86.11
88. 40
89.06
90.72
90. 72
41.2
40.0
39.2
38.6
38.3
38.6
38.8
39.1
39.0
39.4
39.5
40.0
40.3
40.5
40.5
Electrical
appliances
1956: Average__
1957: Average__
1958: January__
February—
March____
April_____
M ay_____
J une ..........
July........... .
August___
September.
October___
November.
December..
1959: January__
$80. 60
83.10
83.60
84.42
83. 44
81.81
82.28
82. 40
83. 00
84. 37
87.12
88.22
92.06
87.74
89. 55
39.9
39.2
38.0
38.2
38.1
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
38.7
39.6
40.1
41.1
39.7
39.8
Radio tubes
1956: Average__
1957: Average__
1958: January__
February..
March____
A prll_____
M ay_____
June_____
July........... .
August___
September.
October___
November.
December..
1959: January...
$67.25
70.23
71.61
71.43
71.06
72. 96
72.94
74. 86
72. 77
74. 30
76. 81
76. 82
77.81
77.03
75.85
39.1
38.8
38.5
38.2
38.0
38.4
38.8
39.4
38. 1
38.9
39.8
39.6
39.7
39.3
38.5
See footnotes at end of table,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B all and roller
bearings
$89. 01
89.15
87. 62
87. 78
88.17
87. 48
87.63
89. 24
86. 33
88. 24
92.90
86. 63
104.66
102.26
100.28
41.4
39.8
38.6
38.5
38.5
38.2
38.1
38.8
37.7
38.2
39.7
37.5
42.2
41.4
41.1
$2.05 $80.16
2.12 81. 61
2.13 80.96
2. 14 81.12
2.15 82.32
2.14 82.08
2.17 83. 28
2.19 85. 57
2.19 85. 75
2.19 83.13
2.18 87.08
2.21 85. 57
2.21 88. 75
2.24 90. 27
2.24 86.46
40.9
40.2
39.3
39.0
39.2
38.9
39.1
39.8
39.7
39.4
40.5
39.8
40.9
41.6
40.4
43.0
41.5
39.9
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.1
41.8
42.6
40.5
42.0
42.2
42.2
43.4
42.5
$1.72 $95. 24
1. 81 94. 39
1. 86 92. 27
1.87 92.04
1. 87 91.80
1.90 92.59
1.88 93.22
1.90 93.06
1.91 90. 79
1.91 94.87
1.93 94.87
1.94 95. 58
1.96 95. 27
1.96 96. 63
1.97 96.39
42.9
41.4
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.5
39.6
38.8
40.2
40.2
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.5
41.3
40.6
39.6
39.7
39.6
39.0
39.5
39.7
39.7
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.9
40.9
40.7
40.2
39.2
38.4
38.0
37.8
37.4
37.3
39.0
38.6
38.7
40.6
34.6
41.3
42.8
42.1
40.8
40.4
39.9
39.4
39.6
39.8
39.5
40.0
39.9
39.8
40.9
40.8
41.6
42.6
41.3
42.2
40.6
39.5
39.6
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.5
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.8
39.7
39.1
38.8
38.6
39.0
38.7
38.6
38.7
39.1
39.3
40.1
41.0
41.1
40.6
40.9
40.4
39.0
38.2
38.9
38.5
39.0
40.0
39.9
40.2
41.6
41.3
43.2
46.4
43.2
41.5
40.5
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.1
39.3
39.5
39.4
39.7
40.1
40.0
40.4
40.7
40.3
42.0
41.2
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.4
39.4
39.8
39.6
39.7
40.0
40.0
40.3
40.6
40.3
40.4
39.8
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.8
39.2
39.9
40.5
40.1
40.3
39.9
39.8
$2.13 $64. 48
2. 23 68.00
2. 27 69.03
2.29 69.83
2.31 69. 48
2. 32 70.05
2.31 70.67
2.31 70.98
2.31 73.16
2. 32 70. 22
2. 35 72. 22
2. 30 73.10
2. 43 74. 57
2. 56 73.26
2.44 73. 62
39.8
40.0
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.7
40.1
40.2
39.9
40.8
41.3
41.2
40.7
40.9
$1.87
1.94
1.98
1.98
2.00
1.99
2. 00
2.02
2.03
2.02
2.02
2.06
2.04
2.04
2.05
44.4
41.5
39.7
38.1
37.6
37.9
38.1
38.4
38.2
40.1
40.4
39.6
38.8
39.7
40.2
$2.29
2.32
2.31
2.31
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.32
2.26
2.28
2. 28
2.27
2.29
2.34
Radios, phonographs,
television sets, and
equipment
$1.88 $72.98
1.97 75.83
2.04 77.40
2. 05 78.98
2.05 79.39
2. 07 79.78
2.06 79.98
2. 07 81. 60
2. 06 80. 39
2.07 81.40
2. 08 83.64
2.08 82. 01
2.09 83. 03
2.12 83.39
2.13 84.61
Primary batteries
(dry and wet)
40.7
39.6
39.0
38.4
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.7
38.6
39.2
39.4
39.8
39.7
40.4
39.8
Electrical welding
apparatus
$2.15 $101. 68
2.26 96. 28
2.33 91. 71
2.31 88.01
2.33 86. 48
2. 32 87. 55
2.32 88.39
2. 33 89. 47
2.33 88. 62
2.32 90.63
2. 33 92.11
2. 36 90.29
2.36 88.08
2.37 90.91
2. 36 94.07
Communication
equipm ent1
$1.84 $75.95
1.93 78. 41
2.01 79.15
2. 00 79.95
2. 01 80.16
2.01 80.94
2.01 80.96
2.04 82.39
2.05 80. 75
2.05 82. 59
2. 07 84.24
2.12 83.41
2.14 84.23
2.14 84. 59
2.13 84.77
Wiring devices
and supplies
$2.10 $76.11
2.19 76. 82
2.23 77. 22
2. 23 76.03
2.25 77.80
2. 24 77.41
2.25 78.00
2.26 78.17
2.26 78. 36
2.25 79.18
2.26 79. 59
2. 27 81.99
2. 29 80.99
2.30 82. 42
2. 29 81.59
Switchgear, switch
board, and indus
trial controls
$2.20 $90.30
2.30 93.11
2.29 92. 73
2.32 91.94
2.33 92. 50
2.33 91.41
2.33 91. 41
2. 33 92. 73
2.31 92.27
2.32 92.10
2. 35 93.20
2.35 94.40
2.36 95.11
2.36 96.22
2.36 95.11
Storage batteries
$87.12
90.09
88. 53
87. 48
89. 86
89.32
90.09
92. 40
92. 17
93. 26
97. 76
94. 99
104. 98
118. 78
105. 41
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and
industrial appara
tus *
$1. 98 $87.15
2. 07 88. 70
2.12 88.09
2.13 87.64
2.14 88. 65
2.14 87. 58
2.14 88. 43
2.15 89.27
2.15 89.04
2.14 89.33
2.16 90. 63
2.15 90.80
2.19 92.52
2. 20 93. 61
2.21 92.29
Electric lamps
$2.10 $75.07
2.19 76.62
2.24 78. 59
2. 25 77.60
2.28 77. 59
2. 26 78.39
2.27 77.79
2.29 78.74
2.31 79.34
2. 29 80.16
2. 32 81.35
2.22 85.01
2.40 87. 74
2.40 87.95
2.39 86.48
$1.92
2. 02
2. 07
2.08
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.08
2.11
2. 09
2. 10
2.08
2.16
?.. 22
2.18
40.8
40.1
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.4
39.9
40.6
40.6
40.3
Power and distribu
tion transformers
$2.20 $92.84
2.31 93.38
2.35 90. 46
2. 37 91.87
2. 37 92. 97
2.36 92.50
2.38 92.73
2. 39 92.50
2. 40 91.94
2. 40 91.64
2. 42 94. 71
2.41 93. 53
2.47 93. 93
2.47 94.16
2.45 94.16
Miscellaneous
electrical
productsJ
$2.22 $78.34
2. 28 81.61
2.33 82. 59
2.33 81.95
2. 33 82. 76
2. 35 83.18
2. 36 82. 56
2. 35 83.20
2. 34 84.19
2.36 83.18
2. 36 85. 89
2. 36 84. 86
2. 37 89. 86
2.38 94.57
2.38 90.03
Total: Electrical
machinery
$2.14 $80. 78
2.24 83.01
2.27 82.89
2.28 83.07
2.29 83.67
2.30 83.46
2.31 83.67
2.34 85.14
2.32 84.50
2.34 84.96
2.35 87. 26
2.37 85. 79
2.38 88. 91
2. 39 89. 32
2.39 89.06
Electrical equipment
for vehicles
$1.97 $84.42
2. 05 85.85
2.05 86.02
2.04 85. 50
2. 04 86.18
2.04 84.52
2.04 84. 67
2. 09 89.31
2.07 89.17
2. 08 88. 62
2.10 94.19
2.10 76. 81
2.11 99.12
2.12 102.72
2.09 100. 62
Telephone, telegraph,
and related equip
ment
42.2
41.5
40.1
39.8
40.0
40. 1
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.7
39.4
40.8
41.3
41.5
Motors, generators,
and motor-genera
tor sets
$1.96 $90.86
2.03 93. 79
2.06 93. 06
2.08 94.09
2.10 93. 85
2.11 92. 04
2.13 94.01
2.15 94.88
2.16 95. 28
2.11 96.00
2.15 97. 77
2.15 97. 36
2.17 101.02
2.17 101. 02
2.14 99. 72
Insulated wire and
cable
$2.02 $84. 71
2.12 85.08
2.20 81.80
2.21 81.60
2.19 82.42
2.17 82. 42
2.20 81.80
2.18 87. 36
2.19 88.18
2.18 84.24
2.20 88.20
2. 20 88. 62
2.24 89.04
2.21 92. 01
2.25 88.83
Machine shops (job
and repair)
$2.15 $90.31
2. 24 92.96
2.27 91.03
2.28 90. 74
2.29 91.60
2.29 92.23
2.30 92.86
2. 30 94. 54
2.29 93.03
2. 31 94. 54
2. 34 95.65
2.31 93. 38
2.48 97.10
2.47 98.71
2.44 99.19
Electrical indicating,
measuring, and re
cording instruments
Electrical machinery
40.1
39.7
38.7
39.1
39.3
39.3
39.4
40.0
39.6
40.1
40.8
40.2
40.5
39.9
40.1
$1.82
1.91
2.00
2.02
2.02
2.03
2.03
2. 04
2.03
2.03
2. 05
2. 04
2.05
2.09
2.11
X-ray and nonradio
electronic tubes
$1.62 $87. 53
1. 70 89. 47
1.73 91.71
1.75 90. 57
1. 75 91.60
1.76 91.66
i. 78 92.40
1. 77 93.32
1.82 94. 47
1.76 93.26
1.77 94. 47
1.77 93. 93
1.81 95. 51
1.80 96.63
1.80 96.63
40.9
40.3
40.4
39. 9
40.0
40.2
40. 0
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.3
40.3
40.6
40.6
$2.14
2.22
2.27
2.27
2.29
2.28
2.31
2.31
2. 35
2.32
2. 35
2. 39
2. 37
2.38
2.38
459
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Total: Transporta
tion equipment
1956: Average............
1957: Average-------1958: January--------February____
March_______
April-...........
M ay_________
June________
July........... .......
A ugust______
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January______
40.9
40.4
38.8
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.6
40.0
40.6
41.7
40.9
$94. 48
97.36
95. 45
94.96
97.32
97.07
98.85
99.50
100.19
102.00
100. 98
102.00
106. 78
110.92
107.16
$2.31
2.41
2. 46
2.46
2. 47
2. 47
2. 49
2.50
2.53
2.55
2.55
2.55
2.63
2.66
2.62
$94:89
95.65
98.49
97.53
98.42
97.69
101.09
102.06
102. 91
104.34
103. 57
104.49
103. 97
104.12
105.15
41.8
40.7
40.7
40.3
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.2
4C.6
Motor vehicles, bodies,
parts, and accessories
$94. 71
98.40
92.50
92.50
95. 75
96.00
97.64
98.14
97.39
99.82
98. 43
100.04
110.70
117.82
109. 45
$95.91
99.85
93.37
93.37
97.28
97.54
98.94
99.20
98.82
101.66
99.58
101.91
113.03
120. 81
111. 78
40.3
40.0
37.3
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.9
39.1
38.8
39.3
38.6
39.7
41.0
43.0
41.3
$2.35
2.46
2.48
2.48
2.50
2.50
2. 51
2.51
2. 51
2. 54
2. 55
2. 52
2.70
2. 74
2. 65
Aircraft engine»
and parts
Aircraft
1956: Average............
1957: Average--------1958: January........—
February____
March_______
April-........... ...
M ay________
June.............. —
July...................
August______
September----October_____
November___
December____
1959: January______
Motor vehicles and
equipm ent2
$2.27
2.35
2. 42
2. 42
2.43
2.43
2.49
2.52
2. 56
2. 57
2. 57
2. 58
2.58
2.59
2. 59
$96.90
98.23
99.00
99.75
100.90
100.40
100. 55
103.38
103. 79
102.47
105. 83
100. 35
106.04
106.86
108.47
42. 5
41.1
39.6
39.9
40.2
40.0
39.9
40.7
40.7
40.5
41.5
39.2
41.1
41.1
41.4
40.3
40.1
37.2
37.2
38.3
38.4
38.8
38.9
38.6
39.1
38.3
39.5
41.1
43.3
41.4
$2.38 $81.61
2.49 84.56
2. 51 86.80
2. 51 85.02
2.54 86.11
2.54 85.02
2. 55 86.94
2.55 87.20
2. 56 87.60
2.60 89.20
2.60 88.03
2. 58 84.92
2.75 92.46
2. 79 93.73
2.70 90.91
Aircraft propellers
and parts
$2.28 $96.93
2.39 97.76
2.50 97.58
2.50 98.36
2. 51 94. 71
2. 51 95.99
2.52 94.71
2.54 95.11
2. 55 93. 77
2. 53 92.83
2. 55 96.46
2.56 95.68
2. 58 98. 57
2.60 99.87
2.62 100. 53
42.7
41.6
41.0
41.5
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.3
39.9
39.5
40.7
40.2
40.9
41.1
41.2
Truck and bus
bodies
$2. 27
2.35
2.38
2.37
2.35
2.37
2.35
2.36
2. 35
2. 35
2. 37
2. 38
2.41
2.43
2.44
40.4
39.7
40.0
39.0
39.5
39.0
39.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.3
38.6
40.2
40.4
39.7
$2.02 $82. 59
2.13 81.35
2.17 78.17
2.18 77.54
2.18 80.60
2.18 79.80
2.19 83. 79
2.18 87.13
2.19 85. 47
2.23 85.28
2.24 87. 57
2.20 88.83
2. 30 84.65
2.32 86.92
2. 29 86. 69
Other aircraft parts
and equipment
$98.01
99.78
100.43
99.63
100. 53
100.28
100.28
102.59
103.16
105. 84
105. 75
107.10
104. 83
108. 54
105.25
42.8
42.1
41.6
41.0
41.2
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.1
42.0
41.8
42.0
41.6
42.9
41.6
Trailers (truck and
automobile)
$2.29
2.37
2.42
2. 43
2.44
2. 44
2. 44
2.49
2. 51
2.52
2. 53
2. 55
2. 52
2.53
2. 53
39.9
39.3
37.4
37.1
38.2
38.0
39.9
41.1
40.7
41.0
41.7
41.9
40.5
41.0
40.7
$2.07
2.07
2.09
2.09
2.11
2.10
2.10
2.12
2.10
2. 08
2.10
2.12
2.09
2.12
2.13
Ship and boat build
ing and repairing1
$89.33
94.88
94.14
91.85
96.78
95.80
97. 51
96.78
99.65
100. 98
100. 35
102.68
99. 72
101. 53
102.05
39.7
39.7
38.9
37.8
39.5
39.1
39.8
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.8
38.8
39.2
39.4
$2.25
2.39
2.42
2.43
2. 45
2.45
2. 45
2.45
2. 51
2.55
2. 66
2. 58
2. 57
2. 59
2. 59
1956: Average--------- $73. 57
77.78
1957: Average-------1968: January--------- 76.83
February......... 74.50
March_______ 79.39
78.20
April________
M ay_________ 80. 56
June_________ 78.98
76.43
J u ly - ...............
77. 79
August______
September___ 79. 60
79.20
October_____
November___ 78. 80
December____ 78. 41
79. 40
1959: January_____
40.2
40.3
39.2
38.4
40.3
39.9
41.1
40.5
38.6
38.7
39.8
39.6
39.6
39.6
40.1
$1.83
1.93
1.96
1.94
1.97
1.96
1.96
1.95
1.98
2.01
2.00
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.98
Laboratory, scien
tific, and engineering
instruments
1956: Average-------1957: Average______
1958: January...........
February____
March_______
April................
M ay________
June_________
July— ............
August______
September___
October_____
Novem ber___
December____
1959: January......... .
42.2
$94.95
41.0
97.17
41.0
100. 45
39.9
96. 56
40.1
99.06
41.2
102.18
40.3
100.35
40.9
103.48
40.4
101. 40
40.9
104. 70
41.6
107. 74
41.3
105. 73
41.7
108.00
109.13 1 42.3
109.20 Ì 42.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Railroad equipm ent2
$94. 56
100.80
101.92
100.10
102.96
100.81
99.64
98.21
98.05
97.94
97. 99
96.75
104.18
106. 74
101. 41
39.9
40.0
39.2
38.5
39.0
37.9
37.6
37.2
37.0
37.1
36.7
35.7
38.3
39.1
37.7
$2.37
2.52
2.60
2.60
2.64
2.66
2. 65
2.64
2.65
2.64
2. 67
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.69
Mechanical measur
ing and controlling
instruments
$2.25 $83.64
2.37 86.27
2.45 84.93
2.42 84.50
2. 47 84.89
2.48 84.46
2.49 84.80
2.53 86.51
2. 61 86.24
2. 56 86.90
2.59 88.18
2.56 87.96
2. 59 89. 87
2. 58 91.80
2. 60 91.98
41.0
40.5
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.1
38.9
39.5
39.2
39.5
39.9
39.8
40.3
40.8
40.7
Locomotives and
parts
$99.41
102.41
100.10
98.81
102.96
102.44
101. 53
104.41
107.07
102. 97
104. 28
102.27
107.05
108. 53
103. 49
42.3
40.8
39.1
38.3
39.6
39.4
38.9
39.7
40.1
39.3
39.5
37.6
39.5
39.9
39.5
$2.35
2. 51
2.56
2.58
2.60
2.60
2.61
2.63
2.67
2. 62
2. 64
2.72
2. 71
2. 72
2.62
Optical instruments
and lenses
$2.04 $83.03
2.13 85.22
2.15 82.86
2.15 82.82
2.16 84.32
2.16 85.36
2.18 84.02
2.19 85.85
2.20 91.43
2. 20 91.24
2. 21 93.50
2.21 93.95
2.23 94. 82
2. 25 92.64
2. 26 89.32
40.5
40.2
38.9
38.7
39.4
39.7
38.9
39.2
41.0
41.1
42.5
42.9
43.1
42.3
40.6
Railroad and street
cars
$92.19
99. 79
102.97
100. 75
103.21
99.96
99.06
94.78
93. 98
95.40
94.69
95.12
102. 65
105. 65
100. 74
38.9
39.6
39.3
38.6
38.8
37.3
37.1
35.9
35.6
36.0
35.2
35.1
37.6
38.7
36.9
40.4
40.2
39.7
39.3
39.2
39.4
39.3
40.4
40.0
40.3
40.7
40.6
40.4
40.7
41.1
Other transportation
equipment
$2.37 $77. 59
2.52 79.59
2.62 81.12
2.61 82. 56
2.66 82.58
2.68 82.56
2. 67 81.48
2.64 82.39
2. 64 78. 83
2. 65 83. 35
2.69 85.03
2.71 85.24
2.73 79.38
2.73 85.32
2. 73 86.80
Surgical, medical,
and dental instru
ments
$2.05 $71. 51
2.12 74.37
2.13 75.43
2.14 74.28
2.14 74.87
2.15 75.25
2.16 75.46
2.19 78.78
2.23 78.00
2.22 79.39
2.20 80. 99
2. 19 81.20
2.20 80. 80
2.19 81.81
2. 20 83.43
$95.99
96.76
98. 66
98.58
99.06
98.33
100.44
102.16
102. 62
104.04
104.04
104.09
104.19
105. 52
105. 52
42.1
41.0
40.6
40.4
40.6
40.3
40.5
40.7
40.4
40.8
40.8
40.5
40.7
40.9
40.9
$2.28
2.36
2. 43
2.44
2.44
2.44
2.48
2.51
2. 54
2. 55
2. 55
2. 57
2. 56
2.58
2.58
Shipbuilding and
repairing
$92.27
97.81
97.00
94. 75
99.43
98.67
100.19
99.43
102. 68
104.01
102. 83
106.13
102.94
105.45
106.11
39.6
39.6
38.8
37.6
39.3
39.0
39.6
39.3
39.8
39.7
39.1
39.9
38.7
39.2
39.3
$2.33
2. 47
2.50
2. 52
2. 53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.58
2.62
2 63
2.68
2.66
2.69
2.70
Instruments and
related products
Transportation equipment—Continued
Boatbuilding and
repairing
Aircraft and parts2
40.2
39.4
39.0
39.5
39.7
39.5
38.8
39.8
37.9
39.5
40.3
40.4
37.8
39.5
40.0
$1.93 $82.01
2.02 85.03
2.08 85.14
2.09 84.50
2.08 85.50
2.09 85.72
2.10 85.46
2.07 87.16
2.08 87.34
2.11 87. 96
2.11 89. 47
2.11 80.28
2.10 90. 76
2.16 91.62
2.17 91.80
Ophthalmic goods4
$1.77 $64.64
1.85 67.26
1.90 69.16
1.89 69. 91
1.91 70.10
1.91 69.55
1. 92 70.47
1.95 70.86
1.95 70.68
1.97 69.55
1.99 73.30
2.00 73.84
2. 00 74.80
2.01 74.24
2. 03 74.82
40.4
39.8
38.0
38.2
38.1
37.8
38.3
38.3
38.0
37.8
39.2
39.7
40.0
39.7
39.8
Total: Instruments
and related products
40.8
40.3
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.7
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.7
40.9
40.8
$2.01
2.11
2.15
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.21
2.23
2.24
2.25
Photographic ap
paratus
$1.60 $91. 46
1.69 94.60
1.82 96.08
1.83 96.00
1. 84 96.40
1.84 96.40
1.84 96.40
1.85 97.36
1.86 98.17
1.84 97.20
1. 87 97.44
1.86 98. 58
1.87 99.8(1
1.87 100.37
1.88 1 100.86
41.2 $2.22
2.33
40.6
2.39
40.2
2.40
40.0
2. 41
40.0
2.41
40.0
2.41
40.0
2.41
40.4
40.4
2. 43
2. 43
40.0
2. 43
40.1
2.44
40.4
2. 44
40.9
2.46
40.8
41. C 2. 46
460
T able C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings horns
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly, Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Durable goods—Continued
Instruments and
related products—
Continued
Watches and clocks
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware 1
Jewelry and
findings
Silverware and
plated ware
Musical instruments
and parts
1956: Average........... $70.77
39.1 $1.81 $70. 53
40.3 $1.75 $73. 81
41.7 $1.77 $69. 06
41.6 $1.66 $83.38
41.9 $1.99 $80. 54
41.3 $1.95
1957: Average_____
72.15
39. (
1.85 72.22
39.9
1.81 74. 07
40.7
1.82 70. 07
40.5
1. 73 84.05
41.2
2.04 83.03
40.5
2.05
1958: January_____
70. 87
38.1
1.86 72. 52
39.2
1.85 72. 65
39.7
1.83 70.05
39.8
1.76 79. 59
39.4
2.02 80.13
38.9
2.06
72.0(
February____
38.5
1.87 71.76
39.0
1.84 73. 05
1.84 70. 40
39.7
40.0
1.76 79. 76
39.1
2.04
79.95
39.0
2.05
March_______ 72. 76
38.7
1.88 72.13
39.2
1.84 72.86
39.6
1.84 69.70
39.6
1.76 81.18
39.6
2.05 82. 40
40.0
2.06
April............... .
73.32
39. (
1.88 72.15
39.0
1.85 73. 28
39.4
1.86 70.13
39.4
1.78 81.35
39.3
2. 07 80. 32
38.8
2.07
M a y .._______ 71. 61
38.1
1.88 71. 94
39.1
1.84 74.26
39.5
1.88 70. 71
39. 5
1.79 81.95
39.4
2.08 79.87
38.4
2.08
June________
71. 82
38.2
1.88 73.08
39. 5
1.85 74. 74
40.4
1.85 72. 22
40.8
1.77 81.16
39.4
2. 06 80. 47
38.5
2.09
39.1
July................... 74. 47
1. 89 72.13
39.2
1.84 72.83
39.8
1.83 70.00
40.0
1. 75 80. 57
39.3
2.05 81.48
38.8
2.10
August______
73. 52
38. <
1.89 72.68
39. 5
1.84 74.34
40.4
1. 84 71. 28
40.5
1.76 83. 79
39.9
2.10 85.65
40.4
2.12
September___
75. 2^
39.6
1.90 74.19
40. 1
1.85 76. 67
41.0
1.87 72. 04
40.7
1.77 88. 82
41.7
2.13 87. 33
41. 0
2.13
October______ 76. 38
40.2
1.90 74. 56
40.3
1.85 80. 33
42. 5
1.89 76. 08
42. 5
1.79 91.81
42.7
2.15 88. 81
41. 5
2.14
75.81
November___
39. £
1.90 75.14
40.4
1.86 82.70
43.3
1.91 78.01
43.1
1. 81 95.27
43.7
2.18 88.58
41. 2
2.15
December____ 75.8.39.7
1.91 75. 95
40.4
1.88 81.98
1.92 78.51
42.7
42.9
1.83 90. 52
42.1
2.15 92.88
42.8
2.17
1959: January_____
76. 22
39.7
1. 92 76.38
40.2
1.90 77.08
41.0
1.88 73.75
41.2
1.79 85. 65
40.4
2.12 88. 37
41.1
2.15
Toys and sporting
Games, toys, dolls,
Sporting and athletic Pens, pencils, other
Costume jewelry,
Fabricated plastics
goods 1 »
and children's vehicles
goods *
office supplies
buttons, notions
products
1956: Average_____ $62. 56
39.1 $1.60 $61.85
1957: Average_____
65. 69
39.1
1.68 63. 80
1958: January..........
66. 47
38.2
1.74 64. 81
February____
66.68
38. 1
1.75 65.02
March_______ 67. 34
38.7
1.74 65. 84
April........... .
66.09
38.2
1.73 64.05
M ay________
66.13
38.9
1. 70 64. 74
June________
66. 86
39.1
1.71 64. 74
J u ly ................
66.35
38.8
1. 71 64. 24
August______
66. 52
38.9
1.71 63.86
Sep tern ber___ 67. 37
39.4
1.71 64.68
October______ 68. 40
40.0
1.71 66.97
November___ 68.16
39.4
1. 73 66.30
December____ 67. 55
38.6
1.75 64.01
1959: January_____
69. 56
39.3
1.77 67.60
Durable goods—
Continued
38.9
38.9
37.9
37.8
38.5
37.9
39.0
39.0
38.7
38.7
39.2
40.1
39. 7
38.1
39.3
$1.59 $63. 83
1. 64 69.70
1.71 68. 89
1.72 69.30
1.71 70.20
1.69 69. 48
1.66 69. 45
1.66 70. 95
1.66 71. 55
1.65 72. 68
1.65 73. 60
1. 67 71.86
1.67 71.39
1.68 72.31
1.72 72.10
39.4
39.6
38.7
38.5
39.0
38.6
38.8
39.2
39.1
39.5
40.0
39.7
38.8
39.3
39.4
$1.62 $66. 58
1.76 67. 30
1.78 67. 43
1.80 66. 25
1.80 68. 85
1.80 69.03
1.79 69. 65
1.81 68.73
1. 83 64.39
1. 84 66. 42
1. 84 67. 43
1.81 67.15
1.84 68.28
1.84 69. 20
1.83 70.18
44.0
42.7
41.3
41.2
40.9
41.0
41.5
42.5
42.3
41.5
41.6
40.6
40.4
40.7
41.1
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.2
39.2
38.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4
38.9
38.3
38.7
39.4
39.2
39.3
39.4
38.8
$1.59 $75.35
1.66 78. 31
1.66 76.80
1.64 75.65
1.65 75. 84
1.69 76.04
1.68 76.81
1.68 79.37
1.69 78.98
1.68 79. 77
1.68 82.74
1.69 81.76
1.73 81.54
1.66 82. 76
1.70 83.00
41.4
41.0
40.0
39.4
39. 5
39.4
39.8
40. 7
40. 5
40.7
42.0
41. 5
41.6
41.8
41.5
$1.82
1.91
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1. 97
1.97
1.96
1.98
2.00
Food and kindred products
Total: Food and
kindred products
M eat products *
1956: Average_____ $74.37
40.2 $1.85 $75.03
41.0
$84.03
41.6 $2. 02
1957: Average...........
74.64
39.7
1.88 78.17
40.5
87. 08
40.5
2.15
1958: January_____
76. 83
39.4
1. 95 80.60
40.1
2.01 89.15
39.8
2. 24
75.85
February____
39.1
1. 94 79. 80
39.7
2. 01 86.30
38.7
2.23
M a rch ............
75.85
39.3
1.93 79.60
2. 01 86. 75
39.6
38.9
2. 23
April................. 75.07
39.1
1.92 79.80
39.7
2. 01 87.25
39.3
2.22
75.27
M ay________
39.0
1.93 80.80
40.2
2.01 88.36
39.8
2.22
June.................
75. 85
39.3
1.93 81.81
40.7
2. 01 90. 54
40.6
2.23
J u ly ................. 75. 46
39.1
1.93 81. 99
41.2
1
91. 58
40.7
2. 25
August............. 75.46
39.1
1.93 81. 56
41.4
1.97 89.87
40.3
2.23
September___
76.24
39.5
1.93 82. 78
41.6
1.99 93. 94
41.2
2.28
October.......... . 76.22
39.7
1.92 81.80
40.9
2.00 93. 25
40.9
2.28
76. 42
November___
39.8
1. 92 83.64
41.0
2. 04 97. 44
42.0
2. 32
December____ 77.41
39.9
1.94 84.46
41.0
2. 06 95.63
41.4
2.31
1959: January_____
79.19
40.2
1.97 84. 65
40.5
2.09 95. 24
2.34
40.7
Condensed and
Canning and
Ice
cream
and
ices
evaporated milk
preserving 1
1956: Average........... $76.12
1957: Average_____
79.00
1958: January_____
80.12
February____
79. 52
March_______ 80.16
April................. 80. 77
M ay.................. 81. 76
June________
84. 58
July-------------- 85.02
A ugust............. 83.00
September___ 84. 45
October........... 81.61
November___ 82. 01
December____ 82. 62
1959: January_____
83.84
$1.62 $62.33
1.67 65. 07
1.69 63.74
1.69 63.14
1.73 63. 36
1.73 64.73
1. 75 64.51
1. 74 65. 35
1.69 64.73
1.69 65. 02
1.69 66.19
1.70 66. 25
1.72 67. 99
1. 73 65.40
1.75 65. 96
Nondurable goods
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries—
Continued
Other manufacturing
industries
41.1
40.3
39.9
39.2
39.8
39.9
39.8
39.5
38.1
39.3
39.9
39.5
39.7
40.0
40.1
$1.73 $77.65
1.85 81.90
1.94 83.38
1.93 83.60
1.96 83.00
1.97 84. 62
1.97 84. 84
1. 99 86. 48
2.01 89.86
2. 00 89.03
2. 03 89. 89
2. 01 87.99
2.03 87. 97
2.03 88.40
2.04 88.17
42.2
42.0
41.9
41.8
41.5
42.1
42.0
42.6
43.2
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.3
41.5
41.2
$1.84 $62.02
1.95 63. 57
1.99 64.98
2.00 63.41
62.87
2.00
2. 01
64.70
2.02
65.62
2.03 63. 58
2.
64.31
2.09 69.47
2.12
71.06
2.10
66.73
2.13 62.16
2.13 64.98
2.14 66.68
39.5
39.0
38.0
37.3
37.2
37.4
38.6
38.3
40.7
42.1
42.3
40.2
37.9
38.0
38.1
Meatpacking, wholesale
$92. 00
42.2
96. 41
41.2
99.39
40.9
95.83
39.6
96.80
40.0
95. 83
39.6
97. 93
40.3
100. 45
41.0
101. 68
41.0
100. 28
40.6
106. 08
41.6
105. 32
41.3
111.11
42.9
107. 94
42.0
108.88
42.2
Seafood, canned
cured
$1.57 $50. 66
1.63 51.88
1.71 54.48
1.70 50.45
1.69 52.87
1.73 56.92
1.70 55. 94
1.66 51.10
1.58 58. 27
1.65 59.47
1.68 55.17
1. 66 58.33
1.64 53. 21
1.71 60.48
1.75 61.10
30.7
30.7
30.1
28.5
29.7
31.8
30.4
29.2
35.1
33.6
29.5
31.7
29.4
32.0
32.5
Sausages and casings
Dairy products >
$2.18 $85. 08
41.5 $2. 05 $74.65
42.9 $1.74
2.34 88. 51
40.6
2.18 77.83
42.3
1.84
2. 43 91.48
40.3
2. 27 80. 41
42.1
1.91
2. 42 90.12
39.7
2. 27 79.42
41.8
1.90
2.42 89.72
39.7
2.26 78. 47
41.3
1.90
2. 42 90.12
39.7
2. 27 80.06
41.7
1.92
2.43 93. 25
40.9
2.28 80.64
42.0
1.92
2. 45 94.58
41.3
2.29 83.03
42.8
1.94
2. 48 97.06
42.2
2.30 84. 71
43.0
1.97
2.47 94. 81
41.4
2.29 83. 73
42.5
1.97
2. 55 95. 88
40.8
2.35 84.18
42.3
1.99
2. 55 94.64
40.1
2.36 82. 76
41.8
1.98
2. 59 97. 70
41.4
2. 36 82. 59
41.5
1.99
2. 57 98.18
41.6
2.36 83.40
41.7
2.00
2.58 95.58
40.5
2.36 84.23
41.7
2.02
and Canned fruits, vege
Grain-mill products *
tables, and soups
$1.65 $66.14
1.69 66. 83
1.81 68.29
1.77 66.33
1.78 64.70
1.79 69.12
1.84 69. 34
1. 75 66. 22
1.66 67. 20
1.77 72. 67
1.87 75. 82
1. 84 69. 64
1. 81 64. 06
1.89 67.08
1.88 69.45
41.6
40.5
38.8
37.9
37.4
38.4
39.4
38.5
42.8
43.0
44.6
41.7
39.3
39.0
38.8
$1.59 $80. 97
1.65 85. 50
1.76 88. 51
1.75 88.54
1.73 87.70
1.80 87.49
1. 76 86.88
1. 72 89. 73
1.57 90. 98
1.69 90.37
1. 70 92. 53
1.67 91.94
1.63 91.57
1.72 92.63
1.79 93. 28
43.3
43.4
43.6
43.4
43.2
43.1
42.8
44.2
44.6
44.3
44.7
44.2
43.4
43.9
44.0
$1.87
1.97
2.03
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.04
2. 04
2.07
2. 08
2.11
2.11
2.12
C.— E A R N IN G S A N D H O U R S
T a b l e C -l.
461
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg.
wkly. Avg.
earn wkly.
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Year and month
Avg
Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly,
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufacturing—Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Flour and other grainmill products
1956: Average_____ $84. 73
1957: Average_____
88.88
92.12
1958: January_____
February____
90.00
March_______ 90. 64
A p r il..._____ 89.38
M ay.................. 88. 56
June.................. 92. 98
July-------------- 94.26
August ____ 93.87
98. 93
September___
October______ 97. 61
November___
97. 43
December____ 97. 63
1959: January_____
97. 22
43.9
44.0
44.5
43.9
44.0
43.6
43.2
44.7
45.1
44.7
45.8
45.4
44.9
45.2
44.8
$1.93 $76.65
2.0? 80.59
2. 07 84. 42
2.05 82. 32
2.06 82.27
2.05 84. 29
2. 05 81.46
2.08 83.40
2.09 86. 56
2.10 83. 51
2.16 84.52
2.15 84.36
2.17 85. 61
2.16 86. 39
2.17 86. 72
Cane-sugar refining
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
1958: January..........
February____
March_______
April________
M ay..................
June..................
July-------------August ____
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January_____
$87. 36
92.60
93.60
89.60
90. 97
97. 76
91. 54
97.90
104. 31
104. 48
105. 56
101.15
102. 00
102. 72
99. 42
42.0
41.9
41.6
40.0
39.9
41.6
39.8
42.2
44.2
43.9
43.8
42.5
42.5
42.8
41.6
Prepared feeds
43.8
43.8
44.2
43.1
43.3
43.9
43.1
44.6
45.8
44.9
45.2
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.7
$1. 75 $73.08
1.84 75.76
1.91 76.81
1.91 77.42
1.90 77.21
1. 92 77.61
1.89 78.99
1.87 79.98
1.89 80.78
1.86 79.79
1.87 79.80
1.90 80.00
1.95 79.80
1.95 81. 20
1.94 79.60
43.1
43.1
44.1
41.2
38.3
37.4
40.2
41.2
40.0
39.1
39.7
46.1
49.8
48.5
45.3
40.6
40.3
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.8
40.3
40.6
40.8
40.3
40.1
40.2
39.9
40.2
39.6
$1.80 $62. 00
1. 87 64. 48
1.91 65. 74
2.06 64.68
2.19 64.68
2.13 65.02
2. 01 65.18
2.06 66.86
2.06 65. 79
2. 09 68.45
2.07 69. 55
1.79 66.80
1.89 66.30
1.87 67.43
2.00 67.49
40.0
39.8
39.6
39.2
39.2
38.7
38.8
39.8
38.7
40.5
41.4
40.0
39.7
39.9
39.7
Bread and other
bakery products
$1.80 $74. 89
1.88 77. 76
1.93 78.01
1. 95 78.80
1. 94 78.60
1.95 79.00
1.96 81.00
1.97 81.81
1.98 82. 42
1.98 81.61
1.99 82.01
1.99 82.22
2.00 82. 01
2.02 82.82
2. 01 81. 59
Confectionery and
related products 1
Beet sugar
$2.08 $77. 58
2. 21 80.60
2. 25 84.23
2. 24 84. 87
2. 28 83. 88
2. 35 79. 66
2.30 80.80
2.32 84. 87
2. 36 82.40
2.38 81. 72
2.41 82.18
2.38 82.52
2.40 94.12
2.40 90.70
2. 39 90. 60
Bakery products 1
40.7
40.5
39.8
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.2
40.4
39.8
$1. 84 $65. 84
1.92 68.51
1.96 72.07
1. 98 71. 71
1.97 71.31
1.98 71. 89
2.00 72.25
2.01 73.16
2. 02 73.89
2.02 72.83
2.03 72.52
2. 03 71.97
2. 04 72.17
2.05 74.07
2.05 72. 74
Confectionery
$1.55 $59. 70
1. 62 62.17
1. 66 63. 60
1. 65 62. 72
1.65 62. 40
1.68 62.76
1.68 62. 76
1.68 64. 55
1.70 63. 03
1.69 66.33
1.68 67. 57
1.67 64.48
1.67 63.83
1.69 65. 27
1.70 65.34
39.8
39.6
39.5
39.2
39.0
38.5
38.5
39.6
38.2
40.2
41.2
39.8
39.4
39.8
39.6
Biscuits, crackers,
and pretzels
39.9
39.6
39.6
39.4
39.4
39.5
39.7
40.2
40.6
39.8
39.2
38.9
38.8
39.4
38.9
$1.65 $79. 98
1. 73 84.44
1. 82 86. 20
1.82 85. 08
1.81 84.65
1. 82 88.34
1.82 84.59
1.82 90. 07
1. 82 92.65
1.83 93.04
1.85 92. 60
1.85 87.02
1.86 93.84
1.88 91.68
1.87 91.12
Beverages *
$1.50 $85.63
1. 57 88.98
1.61 88. 59
1.60 88.14
1.60 88. 82
1.63 88.43
1.63 92.69
1.63 95.35
1.65 96.00
1.65 94. 07
1.64 93.03
1.62 92. 40
1. 62 92. 97
1.64 94. 71
1.65 92. 50
40.2
39.9
39.2
39.0
39.3
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.1
40.0
39.9
40.3
39.7
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
1958: January_____
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June_________
July-----------August _____
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January_____
$103.34
107. 44
107. 25
106. 70
107.92
107. 75
114. 62
118.08
117. 62
113. 83
113.08
109. 62
112. 22
113. 94
110. 97
39.9
39.5
39.0
38.8
39.1
38.9
40.5
41.0
40.7
39.8
39.4
38.6
39.1
39.7
38.8
Distilled, rectified, and
blended liquors
$2.59 $81.90
2.72 84. 42
2. 75 85. 57
2. 75 84. 22
2.76 83.78
2.77 82. 43
2.83 84.90
2.88 84.36
2.89 88.03
2.86 88.53
2.87 87.40
2. 84 94.37
2. 87 92. 97
2. 87 91.96
2.86 90.01
39.0
38.2
38.2
37.6
37.4
36.8
37.9
38.0
39.3
39.0
38.0
40.5
39.9
39.3
38.3
Miscellaneous food
products 1
$2.10 $72.92
2.21 76.86
2. 24 79.30
2.24 79.90
2. 24 79. 54
2.24 78. 36
2.24 79.32
2.22 79.32
2.24 80.12
2.27 81.16
2. 30 82.78
2.33 82.19
2. 33 84. 42
2. 34 83.40
2. 35 82.60
41.2
41.1
41.3
41.4
41.0
40.6
41.1
41.1
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.3
42.0
41.7
41.3
$1. 77
1. 87
1.92
1.93
1.94
1. 93
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.97
1.99
1.99
2. 01
2. 00
2.00
41.4
41.2
41.4
41.5
40.1
41.3
40.9
42.3
41.7
40.6
41.8
42.8
44.4
43.9
41.9
Manufactured ice
$2.09 $69. 55
2.21 73. 43
2.25 74.48
2. 27 73. 95
2. 26 75.86
2. 30 75. 07
2.31 74.90
2.31 74.09
2.28 76. 56
2.32 77. 74
2.37 76.78
2.41 74.29
2.44 76. 29
2. 38 74. 73
2.38 75. 68
Tobacco manufactures—Continued
Cigarettes
1956: A verage______ $70.88
1957 ■ Average______ 73. 6Q
1958: January______ 76.11
February____
70. 49
March_______ 70.31
A pril.. _____
77. 55
M ay.................. 77.97
June________
80.64
July-------------- 79. 87
August ____ 79.87
September___
75.98
October............ 76. 57
November___ 80.73
December____ 85.17
1959: January_____
80. 34
40.5
40.0
40.7
38.1
37.8
40.6
40.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
40.2
40.3
41.4
42.8
41.2
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cigars
$1. 75 $47.63
1. 84 49. 63
1.87 49.98
1.85 49.71
1.86 49.14
1.91 48.06
1.93 50.73
1.92 51.51
1.92 51.92
1.92 52.88
1. 89 54. 77
1.90 54. 49
1.95 55.30
1.99 53.34
1.95 52. 36
37.5
37.6
37.3
37.1
36.4
35.6
37.3
37.6
37.9
38.6
39.4
39.2
39.5
38.1
37.4
37.1
37.5
37.4
36.9
36.6
36.7
37.2
37.8
37.5
38.3
37.3
37.3
37.5
38.8
38.0
41.2
41.4
40.2
40.1
40.8
41.1
41.6
43.1
43.1
43.7
42.3
41.2
41.1
41.8
41.9
$1. 57
1.63
1.64
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.65
1.67
1.66
1.64
1.64
1.65
1.67
1.66
44.3
44.5
44.6
43.5
43.6
43.9
43.8
44.1
45.3
45.2
44.9
43.7
44.1
43.7
44.0
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
$1. 57 $56. 02
1.65 58.67
1.67 60. 84
1.70 59.12
1.74 58. 99
1.71 62. 70
1. 71 64. 24
1.68 66.30
1.69 65. 74
1. 72 62.96
1. 71 60.15
1.70 60.19
1.73 62. 72
1.71 66.17
1. 72 63. 96
38.9
38.6
39.0
37.9
37.1
38.0
38.7
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.1
39.6
39.2
40.1
39.0
$1. 44
1. 52
1.56
1. 56
1.59
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.66
1.59
1.50
1.52
1.60
1.65
1.64
Textile-mill products
Tobacco and snuS
$1. 27 $57.13
1.32 60. 75
1.34 62.46
1.34 61.62
1. 35 61.12
1.35 60.92
1.36 62.87
1.37 63.13
1.37 63.00
1.37 64. 73
1. 39 61.92
1.39 62.66
1.40 63. 75
1.40 66. 35
1.40 64. 98
$1.86
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.09
2.16
2.12
2.16
2.18
2.21
2.21
1.96
1. 84
1.83
2.09
Tobacco manufactures
Corn sirup, sugar,
oil, and starch
$86. 53
91.05
93.15
94. 21
90.63
94. 99
94.48
97. 71
95.08
94.19
99.07
103.15
108.34
104. 48
99.72
43 0
43.3
43.1
41.5
40.5
40.9
39.9
41.7
42.5
42.1
41.9
44.4
51.0
50.1
43.6
Bottled soft drinks
$2.13 $64. 68
2. 23 67. 48
2.26 65.93
2.26 65.36
2.26 66. 50
2. 25 67. 40
2.30 68.64
2.32 71.12
2. 33 71.98
2.30 72. 54
2.32 69.37
2. 31 67. 57
2. 33 67. 82
2. 35 69.81
2. 33 69. 55
Food and kindred products—Continued
M alt liquors
Sugar 1
Tobacco stemming
and redrying
$1. 54 $47.04
1.62 48.13
1.67 60.44
1.67 52. 27
1.67 51.99
1.66 54.83
1.69 56.78
1.67 57.98
1.68 57. 45
1.69 49.28
1.66 48.62
1.68 47. 36
1.70 44.14
1.71 52. 77
1.71 49. 37
39.2
38.2
39.1
39.3
37.4
36.8
37.6
38.4
38.3
38.2
41.2
39.8
35.6
38.8
37.4
Total: Textile-mill
products
$1.20 $57. 42
1.26 58.35
1.29 56.40
1.33 56.70
1.39 56.40
1.49 54.90
1.51 55.95
1. 51 57.98
1.50 57. 90
1.29 59.19
1.18 59.95
1.19 60. 95
1.24 61.26
1.36 61.10
1.32 60.74
39.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6
37.3
38.4
38.6
39.2
39.7
40.1
40.3
40.2
39.7
Scouring and comb
ing plants
$1.45 $66.08
1.50 64. 32
1.50 60.92
1.50 63.60
1.50 61.39
1.50 62.64
1.50 63.20
1.51 67.68
1. 50 68.10
1.51 67.42
1.51 65.99
1.52 64. 88
1.52 65. 45
1.52 66.62
1.53 70. 68
41.3
40.2
38.8
40.0
39.1
39.9
40.0
42.3
42.3
42.4
41.5
40.3
40.4
41.9
43.1
$1.60
1.60
1.57
1.59
1. 57
1. 57
1.58
1.60
1.61
1. 59
1.59
1. 61
1.62
1.59
1.64
462
T a b l e C -l.
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly,
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn
ings
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Y arn and thread
mills 3
1956: Average-------1957: Average-------1958: January..........
February____
M a rch ............
April________
M ay________
June..................
July— ..............
August---------September___
October--------November___
D ecem ber___
1959: January--------
$52.39
52. 72
50.23
50.09
49.62
48.51
49.21
51.66
51. 94
53. 76
54.46
55.13
56.12
56.26
55. 55
39.1
38.2
36.4
36.3
35.7
34.9
35.4
36.9
37.1
38.4
38.9
39.1
39.8
39.9
39.4
$1.34 $52.53
1.38 53.10
1.38 50.09
1.38 49.82
1.39 49.35
1.39 47.96
1.39 48.93
1.40 51.38
1.40 51. 66
1.40 54.00
1.40 54. 71
1.41 54.85
1.41 56. 37
1.41 56. 37
1.41 55.41
Cotton, silk, synthetic
fiber--C ontinued
39.2
38.2
36.3
36.1
35.5
34.5
35.2
36.7
36.9
38.3
38.8
38.9
39.7
39.7
39.3
Broad-woven fabric
mills 3
Thread mills
Yarn mills
$1.34 $52.79
1.39 55.13
1.38 53.16
1.38 53.30
1.39 52.45
1.39 53. 72
1. 39 49.21
1.40 51.26
1.40 50.69
1.41 52. 97
1.41 54.24
1.41 54. 72
1.42 56.16
1.42 57.86
1.41 57.31
39.1
39.1
37.7
37.8
37.2
38.1
34.9
36.1
35.7
37.3
38.2
38.0
39.0
39.9
39.8
$1.35 $56. 28
1.41 56. 70
1.41 64.96
1.41 55.10
1.41 54. 81
1.41 52.85
1.41 53.86
1.42 55.68
1. 42 56.41
1.42 57. 38
1.42 57. 96
1.44 58.98
1.44 59. 42
1.45 59. 54
1.44 58.80
40.2
39.1
37.9
38.0
37.8
36.7
37.4
38.4
38.9
39.3
39.7
40.4
40.7
40.5
40.0
$1.40 $54. 66
1.45 55. 63
1.45 54.20
1.45 54.20
1.45 53.25
1.44 51.18
1. 44 52.40
1. 45 54. 20
1.45 54.53
1.46 55. 77
1.46 56. 74
1.46 57. 89
1. 46 59. 02
1.47 58. 58
1.47 57.17
40.0
38.9
37.8
37.8
37.5
36.1
36.8
37.8
38.3
39.0
39.4
40.3
40.8
40.4
39.7
$1.35 $65. 31
1.41 65. 28
1.41 60.90
1.41 62.65
1.41 63. 44
1.40 62.65
1.40 64. 96
1.41 67. 30
1.41 67.30
1.42 66. 40
1.42 66. 56
1.43 66.72
1.43 65. 60
1.43 65.60
1.43 67.14
41.6
40.8
38.3
39.4
39.9
39.4
40.6
41.8
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.0
41.0
41.7
Narrow fabrics and
small wares
$1.57 $58. 51
1.60 60.80
1.59 59.67
1.59 58.22
1.59 58.37
1.59 57.68
1.60 58. 91
1.61 60. 76
1.61 60. 45
1.60 60.45
1.60 61.69
1.60 61.31
1.60 62. 49
1.60 63.34
1.61 63.02
Full-fashioned.
hosiery—Continued
South
1956: Average-------- $59. 21
56.73
1957: Average_____
56.46
1958: January-------February------- 58.45
M arch_______ 59.36
56.09
April___ ____
M ay.................. 55.87
June.................. 54. 51
53.85
J u ly ........... —
August---------- 55.88
September___
57.08
58.89
October_____
November___
60.10
December........ 59. 65
57.30
1959: January--------
38.2
36.6
36.9
38.2
38.8
36.9
37.0
36.1
35.9
37.5
37.8
39.0
39.8
39.5
37.7
1956: Average_____ $65. 92
66.99
1957: Average_____
64.12
1958: January_____
February.........
66.5C
March_______ 65.11
A pril.._ _ _
64.12
M a y .. _____
65. 04
June________
69.3£
65.6C
J u ly ................
August............. 66. 58
September___ 67. 32
69. 64
October_____
N ovem ber. . . 69. 06
December____ 69.3£
1959: January_____
67.98
United States
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.5
38.5
38.3
38.2
37.4
37.4
37.8
38.2
39.0
38.8
39.4
39.7
39.9
40.5
40.1
$1.48
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
1. 54
Knitting mills 3
39.8
40.0
39.0
38.3
38.4
38.2
38.5
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.8
39.3
39.8
40.6
40.4
United States
$1.47 $53.68
1.52 54.09
1.53 51.98
1.52 52.85
1.52 53.14
1.51 51.74
1.53 53. 29
1.55 54. 75
1. 55 54. 67
1.55 56.12
1. 55 57.18
1.56 57.48
1. 57 58.16
1.56 56.74
1.56 55.94
North
36.1 $1.28 $49.40
1.33 51.14
36.5
34.6
1.36 48.93
34.9
1.36 52.59
1.37 50.82
34.7
33.1
1.36 51.52
1.35 50. 87
34.8
36.0
1.35 51.29
1.35 52. 22
37.5
1.34 52.68
37.8
38. C 1.35 55.13
38.3
1.37 54.88
1.39 54.53
38.7
37.6
1.38 53.44
37.2
1.39 52.20
Dyeing and finishing
textiles (except wool)
41.2 $1.60 $65.51
40.6
1.65 66.68
39.1
1.64 64.22
40.3
1.65 66.42
39.7
1.64 65.04
39.1
1.64 63.90
39. f
1.63 65.04
41.8
1.66 68.81
40. C 1.64 64. 87
40.6
1.64 66. 34
40.8
1.65 67.08
41.7
1. 67 69.3£
41.6
1. 66 69. 55
1.66 69. 3G
41.8
1.65 68.15
41.2
See footnotes at end of table.
North
$1.37 $58.46
1.43 58.52
1.43 58.22
1.43 58.06
1.42 56.85
1.41 56.47
1.42 57.83
1.43 58.45
1.42 59.28
1.43 59.36
1.44 60. 68
1.44 61.14
1.45 61.85
1.45 62.78
1.44 61.75
37.8
37.3
35.6
36.2
36.4
35.2
36.5
37.5
37.7
38.7
38.9
39.1
39.3
38.6
37.8
North
$1.42 $58.98
1.45 57.51
1.46 56.83
1.46 57.68
1.46 58.60
1.47 55.94
1.46 57. 07
1.46 55. 94
1.45 55.27
1.45 57.38
1.47 58. 45
1.47 59.98
1.48 60.74
1.47 60. 44
1.48 57.53
38.3
37.1
36.9
37.7
38.3
36.8
37.3
36.8
36.6
38.0
38.2
39.2
39.7
39.5
37.6
$1.54 $58.82
1.55 59.68
1.54 58.30
1.53 56.06
1.53 55.72
1.52 55.48
1. 53 59.28
1.52 59. 29
1. 51 58. 83
1.51 60. 37
1.53 61.39
1.53 62. 88
1.53 62.17
1.53 61.46
1.53 58.19
38.7
38.5
36.9
36.4
36.9
36.5
38.0
38.5
38.2
39.2
39.1
39.8
39.6
39.4
37.3
$1.52
1.55
1.68
1.54
1.51
1.52
1.56
1.54
1.54
1.54
1. 57
1.58
1.57
1.56
1. 56
$1.28 $56.15
1.33 57.30
1.36 52.74
1.35 54. 26
1.36 55.18
1.36 54. 93
1.34 57.38
1.34 59.13
1.34 58. 22
1.33 60.13
1.34 59. 67
1. 36 59. 91
1.38 60.06
1.38 57.99
1.38 56.83
38.2
37.7
34.7
35.7
36.3
35.9
37.5
38.9
38.3
39.3
39.0
38.9
39.0
37.9
36.9
$1.47 $49.78
1.52 50. 69
1.52 49.82
1.52 49.54
1.52 49.96
1.53 47. 33
1.53 48.99
1.52 50. 78
1. 52 51. 24
1.53 53.93
1.53 56.12
1.54 55. 98
1.54 56.12
1.53 54. 60
1.54 56.06
38.0
37.0
36.1
35.9
36.2
34.3
35.5
36.8
37.4
38.8
39.8
39.7
39.8
39.0
39.2
$1.31
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1. 37
1.39
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.40
1.43
Seamless hosiery
$1.55 $46. 21
1.55 48.55
1.53 47.06
1.53 47.46
1.53 47.54
1.52 45.02
1.51 46.98
1 51 48.60
1.50 50.63
1.49 50.65
1.51 51. 3C
1.51 52. 47
1.51 53.79
1.51 51.89
1.52 51. 71
Dyeing and finishing
textiles
39.9
38.9
37.9
37.9
37.5
36.3
36.9
37.9
38.4
39.0
39.4
40.2
40.7
40.4
39.7
Fvil-fashioned hosiery
Woolen and worsted
South
1956: Average-------- $54.00
1957: Average-------54.85
1958: January_____
53.30
February------- 53.30
M arch_______ 52.88
April________
50.54
M ay...............
51. 52
June.......... ....... 53.30
54.00
July..................
August---------- 55. 38
September___
55.95
October--------- 57.63
November___
58. 34
December------ 57. 77
1959: January........... 56. 77
Cotton, silk, spnthdic fiber
United States
41.2
40.6
39.4
40.5
39.9
39.2
39. £
41.7
39.8
40.7
40. £
41.8
41.9
41.8
41.3
38.0
37.6
35.2
37.3
36.3
36.8
36.6
36.9
37.3
37.9
39.1
39.2
38.4
37.9
36.5
South
$1.30 $45.82
1.36 48. 28
1.39 46.92
1.41 46.71
1.40 46.92
1.40 44.34
1.39 46.23
1.39 48.11
1.40 50.25
1.39 50.27
1.41 50.65
1.40 51.95
1.42 53.41
1.41 51.89
1.43 51.47
Carpets, rugs, other
floor coverings 3
$1.59 $74.16
1.64 74.70
1.63 76.89
1.64 75.14
1.63 75.74
1.63 73.7C
1.63 73.88
1.65 75. 24
1.63 77. 52
1.63 77.9C
1.64 80.41
1.66 81.51
1.66 81.37
1.66 81. 7Ê
1.65 82. 45
35.8
36.3
34.5
34.6
34.5
32.6
34.5
35.9
37.5
37.8
37.8
38.2
38.7
37.6
37.3
Wool carpets rugs,
and carpet yarn
41.2 $1.80 $73.26
40.6
1.84 72. 25
40.9
1.88 74.59
40.4
1.86 72.86
40.5
1.87 71.39
39.2
1.88 68.63
39.3
1.88 69.16
39.6
1.9C 69.18
40.8
1.9C 69. 55
41. C 1.9C 72. 86
42.1
1.91 77. 7C
42.9
1.9C 78.12
42.6
1.91 78. 54
42.6
1.92 78.91
42.5
1.94 80.14
Hats (except cloth
and millinery)
40.7 $1.80 $57.38
39.7
1.82 59.04
1.86 60. 26
40.1
39.6
1. 84 59.29
38.8
1.84 57.35
37.5
1.82 54. 42
38. C 1.82 57.19
1.84 60. 42
37.6
37.8
1. 84 60.39
1.84 59.67
39.6
41.6
1.87 58.98
42. C 1.86 55. 28
42. C 1.87 59.16
42.2
1.87 61.88
42.4
1.89 63.78
35.2
36.0
37.2
36.6
35.4
33.8
35.3
36.4
36.6
35.1
34.9
33.2
34.8
36.4
37.3
Miscellaneous textile
goods 3
$1.63 $66.83
1.64 69.03
1.62 66.85
1.62 66. 78
1.62 66.78
1.61 65.53
1.62 66.43
1.66 69.65
1.65 68. 6C
1.70 68.95
1.69 72.92
1.66 71.28
1.70 71. 56
1.7C 73.03
1.71 71.20
40.5
39.9
38.2
38.6
38.6
38.1
38.4
39.8
39.2
39.4
41.2
40.5
40.2
40.8
40.0
$1.65
1.73
1.75
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.73
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.77
1.76
1.78
1.79
1.78
463
C.— E A R N IN G S A N D H O U R S
T able
C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill products—Continued
Felt goods (except
woven felts and hats)
1956: Average_____ $71. 86
1957: Average...........
73.28
71. 24
1958: January_____
February____
70. 68
March_______ 72. 58
April___ ____
69.92
M ay_________ 73.15
June_________ 75.27
July.................. 75. 66
August...........
77. 01
September___
78. 53
October______ 77. 39
79. 95
November___
December........ 79. 54
1959: January_____
75. 83
40.6
39. 4
38.3
37.2
38.2
36.8
37.9
38.6
39.2
39.9
40.9
40.1
41.0
41.0
39.7
Paddings and upholstery filling
Lace goods
$1. 77 $66. 43
1.86 67.32
1.86 63.72
1.90 64.38
1.90 65. 30
1.90 65. 87
1.93 64.05
1.95 68. 71
1. 93 65.69
1.93 61. 59
1.92 70. 43
1.93 66. 55
1.95 65. 88
1.94 65.14
1. 91 66. 41
38.4
37.4
35.4
37.0
37.1
36.8
36.6
38.6
36. 7
34.6
38.7
37.6
36.2
36.8
37.1
$1.73 $68. 74
1.80 71.46
1.80 68. 38
1.74 66. 73
1.76 67. 46
1.79 66.70
1. 75 68. 56
1.78 72. 22
1.79 71.34
1.78 72. 45
1.82 76.68
1. 77 75. 72
1.82 76. 08
1.77 77.70
1.79 74. 98
40.2
40.6
38.2
37.7
37.9
37.9
38.3
39.9
39.2
40.7
42.6
42.3
41.8
42.0
41.2
Processed waste and
recovered fibers
$1.71 $54.10
1. 76 57.40
1.79 57. 34
1. 77 57.17
1.78 58.00
1. 76 57. 74
1.79 57. 86
1.81 58. 87
1.82 57.23
1.78 57.82
1.80 62.13
1.79 62. 82
1. 82 61.95
1.85 62. 82
1.82 62. 71
41.3
41.0
40.1
39.7
40.0
40.1
39.9
40.6
39.2
39.6
41.7
41.6
41.3
41.6
40.2
Artificial leather, oilcloth, and other coated
fabrics
$1.31 $87. 40
1.40 92.66
1.43 89.24
1. 44 87.97
1.45 86. 71
1.44 83. 74
1.45 86.27
1.45 92.23
1.46 91. 58
1.46 91.58
1.49 98. 57
1.51 92.01
1.50 94. 55
1.51 98.06
1. 56 92. 32
43.7
43.5
41.7
41.3
40.9
39.5
40. 5
42.5
42.4
42.4
44.4
42.4
42.4
43.2
41.4
Cordage and twine
$2.00 $57. 28
2.13 58. 44
2.14 55. 78
2.13 58.98
2.12 58.37
2.12 57.53
2.13 57.99
2.17 59. 67
2. 16 60.04
2.16 61.05
2.22 62.06
2.17 60.83
2. 23 60. 21
2. 27 62.00
2.23 61.38
39.5
38.7
36.7
38.3
37.9
37.6
37.9
39.0
39.5
39.9
40.3
39.5
39.1
40.0
39.6
$1.45
1.51
1.52
1.54
1.54
1.53
1. 53
1.53
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1. 55
Apparel and other finished textile products
Total Apparel and
other finished textile
products
1956: Average_____ $52. 64
1957: Average_____
53. 64
1958: January_____
53.00
February____
52. 65
March_______ 51.70
April__ _____
51. 75
M ay________
52.20
June_________ 52. 50
J u ly ............... . 53. 40
Aiigust______
55. 33
September___
55.23
October______ 55.08
November___
54. 42
December____ 54. 87
1959: January_____
55. 08
36.3 $1.45 $63.12
36.0
1.49 63. 01
35.1
1. 51 60.02
35.1
1.50 58. 61
1.49 58. 43
34.7
1.50 56.14
34.5
1. 50 60.19
34.8
35.0
1.50 61. 59
1.50 60. 55
35.6
36.4
1.52 62. 30
1.53 63.01
36.1
1.53 61.41
36.0
1. 52 61. 60
35.8
1.52 62. 65
36.1
36.01 1. 53 63.37
Women’s outerwearJ
1956: Average_____ $57.02
1957: Average_____
58.10
57. 27
ly58: January_____
February......... 57. 95
March_______ 54. 78
April________
57. 45
M’ay............ .
57. 45
June____ ____
55. 44
J u ly ................. 58.13
August. ____
60. 90
September___
57. 96
October______ 58. 30
November___
57. 29
December____ 58. 65
1959: January.. . . . 59. 69
35.2
35.0
34.5
34.7
33.0
34.4
34.4
33.4
34.6
35. 2
33.5
33.7
33. 5
34.5
34.5
36.1
35.8
35.2
34.9
35.2
34.7
35.1
35.1
34.3
35.0
36.1
36.3
36.5
36.5
35.3
S ee fo o tn o te s a t end o f tab le.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
36.7
35.6
34.1
33.3
33.2
31.9
34.2
34.6
34.8
35.2
35.6
34.5
34.8
35.8
35.8
35.2
34.8
34.1
34.4
30.5
35.2
34.3
32.1
33.4
34.2
32.1
32.5
32.4
33.4
33.6
M illinery
$1.43 $62. 02
1.47 62.11
1.49 55. 36
1. 48 73. 72
1. 48 69.89
1. 41 61.00
1. 50 49.54
1.51 68. 71
1.4£ 62. 79
1.51 68. 62
1.5C 69. 52
1.51 68.24
1.50 56.90
1.50 ! 62.84
1. 51 65.70
36.7
35.9
31.1
38.8
38.4
33.7
28.8
32.8
34.5
36.5
36.4
36. a
32.7
35.5
36.1
M en’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing 2
$1.72 $45.26
1.77 46.23
1.76 45. 67
1.76 44. 96
1. 76 45.18
1.76 44.16
1.76 44. 42
1.78 44. 70
1.74 46.34
1.77 47. 62
1.77 48. 38
1.78 47.60
1.77 47.21
1.75 47.47
1.77 47. 21
Women’s dresses
$1.62 $55. 62
1.66 56.03
1.66 55.24
1.67 55.38
1.06 49.41
1. 67 61.25
1.67 59. 68
1.66 53. 61
1.68 54. 78
1.73 58.48
1.73 55.21
1. 73 55. 90
1.71 55.40
1.70 57.11
1.73 57.79
Corsets and allied
garments
1956: Average_____ $51. 62
1957: Average...........
52. 63
1958: January_____
52. 45
February......... 51.65
March_______ 52.10
April................. 51.70
M ay________
52. 65
J u n e................. 53. 0C
July..................
51.11
August______
52. 85
54.15
September___
October............ 54. 81
54. 75
November___
December____ 54. 75
1959: January_____
53.30
M en’s and bovs’
suits and coats
36.5
36.4
35. 4
35.4
35.3
34.5
34.7
35.2
36.2
37.2
37.5
36.9
36.6
36.8
36.6
$1.24 $45. 88
1.27 46.46
1.29 45.80
1.27 45. 44
1.28 45. 44
1.28 44. 54
1.28 44. 42
1.27 44.07
1.28 46.21
1.28 47.49
1.29 48. 89
1.29 48. 50
1.29 48.89
1.29 47. 71
1.29 46.31
Household a w a r d
$1.58 $44. 76
1.61 46. 44
1.62 45. 89
1.61 44. 98
1.62 47. 29
1.74 47. 52
1. 74 47.22
1.67 46.33
1.64 45. 72
1.71 47. 29
1.72 47.08
1.72 47. 57
1. 71 48. 51
1. 71 48.08
1.72 45.96
36.1
36.0
35.3
34.6
36.1
36.0
35.5
35.1
34.9
36.1
35.4
35.5
36.2
36.7
34.3
Children’s
outerwear
$1.69 $48. 44
1.73 50. 55
1.78 49. 87
1.90 49.68
1.82 49.10
1.81 48.06
1.72 48.87
1. 7E 50.65
1.82 51.57
1.88 50. 74
1.91 50. 54
1.88 51. 71
1. 74 50. 05
1. 77 49. 27
1. 82 51.52
Shirts, collars, and
nightwear
36.7
36.3
35. 5
35.5
35.5
34.8
34. 7
34.7
36.1
37.1
37.9
37. 6
37.9
36.7
35.9
Separate trousers
$1.25 $46. 49
1.28 47.06
1.29 48.3)
1.28 47. 68
1.28 47. 78
1.28 46.73
1. 28 45.11
1.27 45.63
1.28 46. 57
1.28 47. 95
1.29 47.16
1.29 46. 41
1.29 45.28
1.30 47.45
1.29 47.55
36.9
36.2
36.6
36.4
36.2
35.4
34.7
35.1
36.1
36.6
36.0
35.7
35.1
36.5
36.3
Work shirts
$1.26 $40.29
1.30 42. 47
1.32 40. 59
1.31 42. 46
1.32 43.78
1.32 42. 24
1.30 40.60
1.30 41. 76
1.29 39.90
1.31 44. 54
1.31 45. 05
1.30 42. 82
1.29 42. 95
1.30 43.19
1.31 44. 98
36.3
36.3
34.4
36.6
37.1
35.8
34.7
36.0
34.1
38.4
38.5
36.6
36. 4
36.6
37.8
$1.11
1.17
1.18
1.16
1.18
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.17
1.16
1.17
1.17
1.18
1.18
1.19
Underwear and nightWomen’s suits, coats,
Women’s and children’s undergarments1 wear, except corsets
and skirts
$1.24 $68.14
1.29 68. 54
1.30 69.09
1.30 69.63
1.31 65.16
1.32 57. 32
1.33 60. 99
1.32 64.62
1.31 72.16
1.31 75. 24
1. 33 70. 64
1.34 71.11
1.34 66.71
1.31 70.18
1. 34 72.80
33.9
33.6
33.7
33.8
32.1
29.7
32.1
32.8
35.2
36.0
33.8
33.7
32.7
34.4
35.0
$2. 01 $47. 55
2. 04 48.91
2. 05 48.28
2.06 48.20
2.03 48.69
1.93 47.60
1.90 47. 68
1.97 48. 28
2.05 48.06
2.09 49.68
2.09 50. 86
2.11 52. 30
2.04 52.40
2.04 50.14
2.08 50.04
Miscellaneous
apparel and
accessories
36.7 $1.32 $49. 71
36.9
1.37 49.90
36.4
1.37 49.07
36. C 1.38 49.0C
36.1
1.36 49. OC
1.35 47.8C
35.6
36.2
1.35 49.07
36.7
1.38 50. 2C
37.1
1.3£ 51.26
36.5
1.39 50.74
1.4C 52.82
36.1
37.2
1.39 53.48
36.8
1.36 52.97
35.7
1.38 53.3£
36.8
1.40 52.73
37.1
35.9
34.8
35.0
35.0
33.9
34.8
35.6
36.1
36.5
37.2
37.4
37.3
37.6
37.4
36.3
36.5
35.5
35.7
35.8
35.0
34.8
35.5
35.6
36.8
37.4
37.9
37.7
36.6
36.0
$1.31 $45.38
1.34 47. 47
1.36 46. 28
1.35 46.80
1.36 47. 29
1.36 45.63
1.37 45.33
1.36 46.05
1.35 46.70
1.35 48. 38
1.36 49. 65
1. 38 51.21
1.39 51. 57
1. 37 48. 44
1.39 48.64
Other fabricated
textile products J
$1.34 $53.39
1.36 56. 70
1.41 55. 90
1.4C 54.66
1.4C 55.35
1.41 54.15
1.41 56.32
1.41 56. 92
1. 42 56.39
1.39 57. 45
1.42 59.14
1.45 57.91
1.42 59.06
1.42 58. 5£
1.41 1 58.88
37.6
37.8
36.3
36.2
36.9
36.1
37.3
37.2
37.1
38.3
38.4
38.1
38.1
37.8
37.5
36.3
36.8
35.6
36.0
36.1
35.1
34.6
35.7
36.2
37.5
37.9
38.5
38.2
36.7
36.3
$1.25
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.29
1. 29
1.29
1.31
1.33
1.35
1.32
1.34
Curtains, draperies,
and other housefurnishings
$1.42 $46.98
1.50 49.37
1.54 47.97
1.51 48.28
1.50 49. 71
1.50 48.33
1. 51 49.41
1.53 50. 05
1.52 49.28
1.50 51.46
1. 54 51. 71
1.52 52.36
1. 55 52.61
1.55 51. 95
1. 57 49.23
36.7
37.4
35.8
36.3
37.1
35.8
36.6
36.8
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.2
36.2
$1.28
1.32
1.34
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.35
1.34
1.35
1.36
1. 37
1.36
1.36
464
T a b l e C -l.
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R I L 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
earn
ings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—
Continued
Textile bags
1956: Average_____ $57.28
1957: Average............ 59.40
60.37
1958: January...........
59. 44
February____
59. 75
March.............
April................. 58. 75
59.06
M ay________
59.14
June________
July-------------- 60. 68
August---------- 61.38
63. 55
September___
October______ 60. 98
60.83
November___
December____ 61.07
1959: January............ 63. 02
39.5
39.6
39.2
38.6
38.8
37.9
38.6
38.4
39.4
39.6
41.0
39.6
39.5
39.4
40.4
Canvas products
$1. 45 $55.66
1.50 57. 33
1. 54 58.31
1. 54 58.80
1. 54 59. 25
1. 55 60.15
1.53 63.80
1.54 63.09
1.54 62.40
1.55 59.15
1.55 63.11
1.54 60. 05
1. 54 60.20
1. 55 60. 90
1. 56 60. 50
39.2
39.0
39.4
39.2
39.5
40.1
41.7
40.7
41.6
39.7
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.6
39.8
Paper and allied products
Total: Paper and
allied products
$1.42 $83.03
1. 47 86. 29
1.48 86.11
1.50 85. 49
1.50 86.11
1.50 85. 69
1. 53 86.10
1.55 88.20
1. 50 88. 83
1.49 90. 53
1.57 91.38
1.49 91.38
1.49 90. 95
1. 50 91.16
1.52 91. 58
42.8
42.3
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.8
41.9
42.5
42.7
42.7
42.5
42.4
42.4
$1.94 $91. 05
2.04 94.18
2.08 94. 37
2.08 93.26
2.08 93. 48
2.09 93.04
2.10 93.24
2.11 95. 87
2.12 96.73
2.13 98. 31
2.14 99.20
2.14 98.75
2.14 98. 72
2.15 99.39
2.16 100.07
Paper and allied products—Continued
Fiber cans, tubes, and
drums
1956: Average_____ $79. 56
1957: Average______ 83.01
1958: January............ 83.10
February......... 81.27
March_______ 87.95
April................. 82. 60
M ay------------- 84.63
June.................. 84.89
July......... ......... 88. 29
August---------- 89.60
89. 98
September___
October______ 92. 51
97.16
November___
December____ 88.62
87. 81
1959: January_____
40.8
40.1
39.2
38.7
41.1
38.6
39.0
39.3
40.5
41.1
40.9
41.3
42.8
40.1
39.2
Other paper and
allied products
$1.95 $72.92
2.07 76.07
2.12 76.97
2.10 76. 97
2.14 77.36
2.14 76. 99
2.17 76.61
2.16 77.97
2.18 78.55
2.18 79.95
2.20 80. 75
2.24 80.95
2. 27 80. 75
2.21 81.16
2.24 81.38
41.2
40.9
40.3
40.3
40.5
40.1
39.9
40.4
40.7
41.0
41.2
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.1
Pulp, paper, and
paperboard mills
44.2
43.4
42. 7
42.2
42.3
42.1
42.0
42.8
42.8
43.5
43.7
43.5
43.3
43.4
43.7
Paperboard con
tainers and boxes *
$2.06 $76.13
2.17 79.90
2.21 78.20
2.21 78.41
2.21 79.79
2.21 78.80
2. 22 80. 40
2.24 83.02
2. 26 83.02
2.26 85.68
2. 27 86. 09
2.27 86. 50
2.28 86. 09
2. 29 85. 07
2. 29 84. 87
41.6
41.4
39.9
39.8
40.3
39.6
40.2
41.1
41.1
42.0
42.2
42.4
42.2
41.7
41.2
$1.83 $75.89
1.93 79.27
1 96 77.60
1.97 77.81
1.98 78. 79
1.99 78.21
2. 00 79. 79
2.02 82.60
2. 02 82.40
2.04 85.04
2. 04 85. 65
2.04 85.85
2.04 84. 62
2. 04 84. 64
2.06 84. 46
$1. 77 $93.90
1.86 96.25
1.91 95. 76
1.91 96.14
1.91 97.02
1.92 96.14
1.92 97. 01
1.93 97.38
1.93 97.38
1.95 98. 54
1.96 99. 56
1.96 99.68
1.96 99. 30
1.97 101. 76
1.98 99. 41
1956: Average,.......... $93. 03
1957: Average............ 95.76
.1958: January........... 95. 74
95.40
February____
March_______ 96.68
94.92
April________
94.82
M ay.................
Ju n e............. — 96.22
July-------------- 97.11
August............. 97. 75
September___ 100.19
October______ 99.04
November___
98.39
December____ 100.19
99. 43
1959: January____
40.1
39.9
39.4
39.1
39.3
38.9
38.7
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.2
39.6
39.3
$2.32
2.40
2.43
2.44
2. 46
2. 44
2. 45
2.48
2. 49
2. 50
2. 53
2. 52
2. 51
2.53
2.53
Industrial inorganic
chemicals s
1956: Average_____
1957: Average.........._
1958: January_____
February.........
March_______
April............. ..
M ay.......... .......
June..................
July...................
August______
September___
October............
November___
December____
1959: January_____
$95.35
100.04
102. 50
102.66
102. 82
102. 56
103. 38
104. 96
104.60
105.41
107. 42
105. 97
107.01
109. 25
108. 88
41.1
41.0
41.0
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.0
40.7
40.7
41.0
40.6
41.0
41.7
41.4
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.32
2.44
2.50
2.51
2. 52
2.52
2. 54
2. 56
2.57
2. 59
2. 62
2. 61
2. 61
2.62
2.63
Lithographing
$94.40
96.53
94.87
96.25
98.42
97.52
97.54
98.81
100. 23
100. 61
101. 39
100.10
100. 61
101. 26
101.40
40.0
39.4
38.1
38.5
38.9
38.7
38.4
38.9
39.0
39.3
39.3
39.1
39.3
39.4
39.0
38.8
38.5
37.7
37.7
37.9
37.7
37.6
37.6
37.6
37.9
38.0
37.9
37.9
38.4
37.8
$2.42
2.50
2.54
2. 55
2.56
2.55
2.58
2. 59
2. 59
2.60
2. 62
2.63
2. 62
2. 65
2. 63
$93. 43
97.68
99.88
99.38
99.38
101.18
99.70
101. 66
103. 53
102.17
105. 01
105.30
106. 08
106. 97
107. 38
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.4
40.4
40.8
40.2
40.5
40.6
39.6
40.7
40.5
40.8
41.3
41.3
Greeting cards
$2.36 $61.44
2.45 64.18
2. 49 67. 61
2.50 68. 71
2.53 70.38
2.52 69.09
2. 54 68. 53
2. 54 66.39
2. 57 63.58
2. 56 64.09
2. 58 66. 09
2.56 65. 77
2.56 68.60
2. 57 68.68
2.60 71.74
Alkalies and chlorine
$2.29
2.40
2.46
2.46
2. 46
2.48
2.48
2. 51
2. 55
2. 58
2. 58
2.60
2.60
2. 59
2.60
41.7
41. 5
40.0
39.9
40.2
39.7
40.3
41.3
41.2
42.1
42.4
42.5
42.1
41.9
41.4
$1.82
1.91
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
2.00
2.00
2.02
2.02
2.02
2.01
2.02
2.04
Printing, publishing, and allied Industries
Total: Printing, pub
lishing, and allied
industries
Newspapers
$99.64
102.03
100.10
101. 44
101.09
102.37
103. 72
103. 72
102. 55
103.14
104. 49
105.19
105.44
109. 56
103.06
36.1
35.8
35.0
35.1
35.1
35.3
35.4
35.4
35.0
35.2
35.3
35.3
35.5
36.4
34.7
Periodicals
$2.76
2.85
2.86
2.89
2.88
2.90
2. 93
2.93
2. 93
2.93
2.96
2.98
2.97
3.01
2. 97
$96.16
101.05
100. 47
99. 71
102.31
99.07
98.81
100.23
103.62
108. 68
107. 86
105.73
102. 70
104.15
104.15
39.9
40.1
39.4
39.1
39.5
38.7
38.3
39.0
39.4
40.4
39.8
39.6
38.9
39.3
39.3
Books
$2.41 $83.84
2. 52 84.35
2. 55 85.06
2. 55 84.02
2.59 84.24
2. 56 85.02
2. 58 85.58
2. 57 85. 75
2.63 85.19
2.69 88.26
2. 71 88.53
2. 67 87.42
2. 64 86.46
2. 65 87.58
2. 65 88.88
38.4
38.2
38.2
38.6
39.1
38.6
38.5
38.6
37.4
37.7
38.2
37.8
39.2
38.8
39.2
Industrial organic
chemicals s
$92. 89
96.93
98.17
97. 44
97.84
98.00
98.98
100.12
100. 69
100.85
102. 25
101.91
103.07
103. 57
104.24
41.1
40.9
40.4
40.1
40.1
40.0
40.4
40.7
40.6
40.5
40.9
40.6
40.9
41.1
41.2
Bookbinding and
related industries
$1.60 $72.10
1.68 73.71
1. 77 73.14
1.78 72.95
1.80 73.15
1.79 72.95
1.78 73. 53
1.72 74.07
1.70 72. 91
1.70 76. 43
1. 73 75. 42
1. 74 76.40
1. 75 77.93
1. 77 78. 95
1.83 78.74
$2.26
2.37
2. 43
2.43
2.44
2. 45
2. 45
2.46
2. 48
2. 49
2.50
2. 51
2. 52
2.52
2. 53
39.4
39.0
37.7
37.8
37.9
37.8
37.9
37.6
37.2
38.6
37.9
38.2
38.2
38.7
38.6
$1.83
1.89
1.94
1.93
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.97
1.96
1.98
1. 99
2.00
2.04
2. 04
2.04
Plastics, except syn
thetic rubber
$93.66
99.90
99. 55
99. 80
100. 45
99. 47
102.18
102. 75
102. 31
104. 08
105. 75
105. 66
107. 70
106. 68
107. 87
42.0
41.8
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.6
41.2
41.1
40.6
41.3
41.8
41.6
42.4
42.0
42.3
40.5
39.6
39.2
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.9
38.8
38.9
39.4
39.7
39.2
38.6
39.1
39.5
$2.07
2.13
2.17
2.16
2.16
2.18
2.20
2,21
2.19
2.24
2.23
2.23
2.24
2.24
2.25
Chemicals and allied
products
Printing, publishing, and allied industries—Continued
Commercial printing
Paperboard boxes
Miscellaneous pub
lishing and print
ing services
$109.09
110. 78
108. 77
109. 73
110. 21
107. 73
110. 96
111. 22
111.30
112.86
110. 70
112. 42
113. 78
113. 62
113. 32
39.1
38.6
37.9
38.1
38.4
37.8
38.0
37.7
37.6
38.0
37.4
37.6
37.8
38.0
37.9
$2.79 $87.14
2.87 91. 46
2. 87 92.62
2.88 92. 57
2.87 92.39
2.85 92. 39
2. 92 93.43
2. 95 94. 94
2.96 95.06
2.97 95.24
2. 96 95.94
2.99 95. 94
3. 01 96.82
2. 99 97. 70
2. 99 97.88
Synthetic rubber
$2.22 $104. 67
2.39 107.98
2.44 109.62
2.44 109.21
2.44 110. 03
2.45 108.14
2.48 110.03
2.50 112. 61
2.52 111.52
2. 52 112. 75
2.53 113. 98
2. 54 114. 67
2. 54 117.88
2. 54 120. 56
2. 55 122. 55
41.7
40.9
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.2
40.6
41.1
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.1
41.8
42.3
42.7
Total: Chemicals and
allied products
41.3
41.2
40.8
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.4
41.3
$2.11
2.22
2.27
2.28
2.27
2.27
2. 29
2.31
2.33
2. 34
2.34
2.34
2.35
2.36
2. 37
Synthetic fibers
$2. 51 $78.00
2. 64 82.21
2.70 82.37
2.69 81.33
2.71 82. 74
2.69 82. 71
2. 71 83. 79
2. 74 85.44
2. 74 86. 07
2. 75 87.08
2.78 86. 46
2. 79 84. 96
2.82 85.60
2. 85 86.43
2.87 85. 81
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.1
39.4
39.2
39.9
40.3
40.6
40.5
40.4
39.7
40.0
40.2
40.1
$1.95
2.04
2.08
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.10
2.12
2.12
2.15
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.14
465
C.— E A R N IN G S A N D H O U R S
T a b l e C - l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. w kly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. Avg.
earn earn wkly.
ings hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
eamingsl
M anufacturing—0 ontinued
Year and month
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products—-Continued
Soap, cleaning and
Drugs and medicines polishing preparations2
Explosives
1Qfifi- Averaee_____ $87.29
93.30
1QH7- Average_____
90.32
19^8 * .Tannary_____
92.97
February........
M arch.............. 92.20
91.49
April________
M a y . _______ 92. 76
June_________ 95.65
95.36
July_________
98.16
Alienist ______
99.29
September___
99.53
October___ _
99. 46
November___
D ecem b er___ 98.40
1959: January............ 98.42
40.6
41.1
39.1
39.9
39.4
39.1
39.3
40.7
39.9
40.9
41.2
41.3
41.1
41.0
40.5
$2.15 $78.55
2.27 82.82
2.31 85.49
2.33 86.11
2.34 85.90
2.34 85.68
2. 36 84.85
2.35 86.11
2.39 86. 71
2.40 85. 41
2.41 85.63
2. 41 86.24
2. 42 87.29
2. 40 88. 54
2.43 88. 97
Gum and wood
chemicals
1Q56- Averaee_____ $75.33
78.20
1957: Average_____
79.90
1958: January_____
78.50
February____
M arch_______ 77.83
81.83
April________
M ay _______ 80.03
June
____ - 79.93
81.45
July_________
80.26
August______
September___
80.64
79. 90
October. . .
80. 77
November___
December____ 81. 71
1959: January--------- 81.54
42.8
42.5
42.5
41.1
41.4
42.4
41.9
41.2
42.2
41.8
42.0
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.6
40.7
40.8
41.1
41.2
41.1
40.8
40.6
41.2
40.9
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.8
41.0
$1.93
2.03
2.08
2.09
2.09
2.10
2. 09
2.09
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.17
2.17
42.3
42.5
42.1
41.1
43.2
43.5
44.3
41.2
40.8
41.2
42.2
42.5
42.3
41.8
43.4
41.2
41.1
40.8
39.7
40.7
40.3
40.7
40.9
40.9
42.0
42.0
41.2
41.0
42.1
40.7
$1.60 $74.58
1.69 78. 67
1.74 80.19
1.73 80.15
1.68 81.10
1.69 81.78
1.77 81.08
1.76 84.29
1.80 84.24
1.77 83.18
1. 79 81.91
1.77 83.44
1.78 83.08
1.81 82.70
1. 77 83. 47
45.2
44.7
44.8
43.8
43.6
43.5
42.9
43.9
43.2
43.1
43.8
46.1
45.9
44.7
44.4
Essential oils, perfumes, Compressed and lique
fied gases
cosmetics
39.0
38.9
38.9
39.1
39.0
39.2
39.1
39.0
38.4
38.4
39.1
39.9
39.7
39.5
38.7
$1.70
1.77
1.82
1.84
1.83
1.85
1.86
1.85
1.85
1.87
1.87
1.88
1.88
1.90
1.90
$90.09
95.91
97.58
97.82
96.15
98.23
98.71
100. 74
98. 57
101.09
100. 60
100. 86
103.91
102. 51
103. 58
42.1
41.7
41.0
41.1
40.4
41.1
41.3
41.8
40.9
41.6
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.5
41.6
$98.16
104. 65
108.09
104.54
107.98
107.45
108.12
109.06
109. 47
113.21
114.90
111.10
110. 70
115. 45
110. 57
40.9
41.2
41.1
39.6
40.9
40.7
40.8
41.0
41.0
42.4
42.4
41.3
41.0
42.6
40.8
$1.65 $67.95
1.76 71.52
1.79 74.29
1.83 73.48
1.86 74.63
1.88 77.44
1.89 77.22
1.92 80.29
1.95 80.28
1.93 78. 57
1.87 75. 52
1.81 79.51
1.81 77. 08
1.85 76.84
1.88 77.95
45.0
44.7
45.3
44.0
43.9
44.0
42.9
43.4
42.7
42.7
43.4
47.9
47.0
45.2
44.8
Total: Products of
petroleum and coal
$2.14 $104.39
2.30 108.39
2.38 109.89
2.38 108.53
2.38 109.07
2.39 110.97
2. 39 110.16
2. 41 111.93
2.41 113.16
2. 43 110. 29
2. 43 112. 33
2.46 110.15
2.48 112.46
2.47 111.35
2. 49 114.26
1956: Averaee_____
1957: Average______
1 958 - Jannarv_____
February____
M arch_______
April________
M ay_______
June__ ___ _
July _______
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December _ _.
1959: January______
$100.95
106.52
98.52
93.02
98.05
95.67
99. 48
103.63
106. 59
113. 96
113. 40
113. 24
115. 75
121.40
116.28
39.9
40.5
36.9
35.1
37.0
36.1
37.4
38.1
38.9
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.9
42.3
40.8
See footnotes at end of table.
5 0 0 1 0 8 — 5 9 --------- 7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Rubber footwear
$2.53 $71.89
2.63 73.47
2. 67 74.87
2.65 74.68
2. 65 76.61
2. 65 75.46
2.66 75.85
2.72 77.20
2. 74 75.25
2.80 77.18
2.80 76. 62
2. 81 77.01
2.83 77.22
2. 87 78. 01
2.85 77. 81
41.6
41.0
40.0
39.9
40.0
40.2
40.7
42.1
41.7
41.3
41.2
40.7
41.1
41.5
41.0
$2.07 $84.04
2.18 87.33
2.23 86. 76
2.23 86. 76
2.24 87.60
2.23 87.42
2.25 89.76
2.27 93.91
2.30 93.63
2.29 91.88
2. 30 92.29
2.31 91.58
2.33 92.43
2.34 94.62
2. 35 93.66
A nim al oils and fats
Vegetable oils
$1.51 $85.35
1.60 88.75
1.64 90.00
1.67 91.12
1.70 90. 29
1.76 88.17
1.80 86. 43
1.85 89.24
1.88 88.27
1.84 88.71
1.74 90. 82
1.66 89.87
1.64 93.93
1.70 91.98
1.74 92.21
41.1
40.9
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.5
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.4
40.7
40.2
40.6
40.2
41.1
Petroleum refining
$2.54 $108.39
2. 65 112.88
2.72 115.06
2. 72 113.24
2.72 114.09
2.74 115.59
2. 72 113.65
2.73 115. 75
2. 76 117.26
2.73 113.08
2. 76 116. 00
2.74 113.48
2. 77 116. 28
2. 77 114.86
2.78 118.12
4a 9
40.9
40.8
40.3
40.6
40.7
40.3
40.9
41.0
40.1
40.7
40.1
40.8
40.3
41.3
45.4
44.6
43.9
43.6
43.2
42.8
43.0
44.4
43.7
43.7
44.3
43.0
44.1
43.8
43.7
$2.65
2.76
2.82
2.81
2.81
2.84
2.82
2.83
2. 86
2.82
2. 85
2. 83
2.85
2. 85
2.86
$2.03
2.13
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.18
2.20
2.22
2.24
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.28
2.29
Miscellaneous chemi
cals 1
$1.88 $80.38
1.99 84.03
2.05 85.60
2.09 86.22
2.09 86.18
2.06 86.22
2.01 86.40
2.01 87.45
2.02 85. 54
2.03 86.98
2. 05 86. 98
2.09 87.64
2.13 89.10
2.10 89.06
2.11 88.80
40.8
40.4
40.0
40.1
39.9
40.1
40.0
40.3
39.6
39.9
39.9
40.2
40.5
40.3
40.0
$1.97
2.08
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.16
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.20
2.21
2.22
Rubber products
Coke, other petroleum Total: Rubbe products
and coal products
$91.32
96.00
93.06
92.02
91.25
94.96
98. 23
98.71
99. 46
100.85
101.02
98. 98
99.60
99.60
102.21
41.7
41.2
39.1
38.5
38.5
39.9
41.1
41.3
41.1
41.5
40.9
40.4
40.0
40.0
40.4
$2.19 $87.23
2. 33 91.53
2.38 87. 48
2.39 85.04
2.37 87.02
3.38 85.88
2. 39 87.86
2.39 91.10
2.42 91.89
2. 43 96.80
2. 47 97.51
2.45 97.27
2.49 98. 09
2.49 102. 66
2. 53 99. 87
Leather and Leather: tanned, cur
Other rubber products Total:
ried, and finished
leather products
39.5 $1. 82 $78.96
39.5
1.86 82.62
39.2
1.91 80.94
39.1
1.91 80.32
1.92 79.87
39.9
39.3
1. 92 79.87
39.3
1.93 80. 2S
40. C 1.93 83. 77
1.91 82.92
39.4
40.2
1.92 86. 24
39.7
1.93 89. 21
39. £
1.93 88. 73
1.95 88. 54
39.6
1.96 92. 6C
39.8
1.96 91.72
39.7
41.4
41.0
39.8
39.8
40.0
40.1
40.8
42.3
41.8
41.2
41.2
40.7
40.9
41. 5
40.9
40.2
40.5
38.2
37.3
38.0
37.5
38.2
39.1
39.1
40.5
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.9
41.1
$2.17
2.26
2.29
2.28
2.29
2.29
2.30
2.33
2.35
2.39
2. 39
2.39
2.41
2.45
2.43
Leather and leather products
Rubber products—Continued
Tires and Inner tubes
$2. 40 $86.11
2.54 89.38
2.63 89.20
2.64 88.98
2.64 89.60
2.64 89.65
2.65 91.58
2.66 95. 57
2.67 95. 91
2.67 94. 58
2.71 94.76
2.69 94.02
2.70 95.76
2.71 97.11
2.71 96.35
Products of petroleum and coal
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
iQfifi- Averaee_____ $66.30
68. 85
1957* Average_____
70.80
1958* January
71.94
February____
M arch_______ 71.37
72.52
April________
M a y . _______ 72. 73
72.15
__ - __
June
71.04
July_________
71.81
A u g u st_____
73.12
September___
75.01
October.
74.64
November___
D ecem b er___ 75.05
1959: January........... 73.53
$2.20
2.34
2.42
2. 43
2. 43
2. 44
2. 44
2. 45
2.45
2.48
2. 50
2.48
2. 49
2. 51
2.51
Vegetable and animal
oils and fats s
Fertilizers
$1.76 $67.68
1.84 71.83
1.88 73.25
1.91 71.10
1.88 72.68
1.93 73. 52
1.91 78. 41
1.94 72. 51
1.93 73.44
1.92 72.92
1.92 75.54
1.93 75. 23
1.97 75. 29
1.95 75. 66
1.96 76.82
$90. 64
96.17
98.74
96. 47
98.90
98.33
99. 31
100.21
100.21
104.16
105. 00
102.18
102. 09
105.67
102.16
Paints, pigments, and Paints varnishes, lacquers and enamels
fillers 1
Soap and glycerin
40.7
40.7
39.1
38.8
38.4
38.4
38.6
39.7
39.3
40.3
41.3
41. 1
40.8
41. £
41.5
$1.94 $56.02
2.03 57.60
2.07 58. IS
2.07 57.41
2.08 56.83
2.08 53.54
2.08 56. 42
2.11 57. 46
2.11 57.97
2.14 58.19
2.16 57.99
2.16 58.46
2.17 59.63
2.21 61.22
2.21 62.08
37.6
37.4
37.3
36.8
36.2
34.1
35.3
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.7
37.0
37.5
38.5
38.8
$1.49 $74.24
1.54 76.64
1.56 77.42
1.56 77.02
1.57 75.65
1.57 74.65
1.57 75.82
1. 57 78. 98
1.55 76.40
1.56 78.19
1.58 79. 79
1.58 79. 58
1.59 81.19
1.59 83.03
1.60 81.39
39.7
39.3
39.1
38.9
38.4
37.7
38.1
39.1
38.2
38.9
39.5
39.2
39.8
40.5
39.7
Indu striai le ather
beltin 1 and p acking
$1.87 $73.71
1.95 77.27
1.98 75.43
1.98 71.25
1.97 72.58
1.98 69.19
1.99 70.87
2.02 73.73
2.00 74.31
2.01 76.82
2. 02 78. 21
2.03 80. 54
2.04 80.16
2.05 79.65
2.05 79.49
40.5
41.1
39.7
37.7
38.4
37.0
37.3
38.2
38.5
39.6
39. 5
41.3
40.9
41.7
41.4
$1.82
1.88
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.87
1.90
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.98
1.95
1.96
1.91
1.92
466
T a b l e C -l.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry 1—Con.
Avg.
Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly.
earn earn wkly.
ings
ings hours
Avg. Avg.
Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation and
public utilities
Nondurable goods—Continued
Transportation
Year and month
Leather and leather products—Continued
1956: Average...........
1957: Average...........
1958: January______
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June_________
July-------------August.........
September___
October...........
November___
December____
1959: January_____
Boot and shoe cut
Footwear (except
Handbags and small
Luggage
stock and findings
rubber)
leather goods
$53. 63
37.2 $1.44 $62.88
39.3 $1.60 $51.00
37.5 $1.43 $53. 57
37.5 $1.36
55. 42
37.7
1.47 55.13
1.49 62. 43
38.3
1.63 53.68
37.8
1.42
37.0
1.69 54. 67
37.7
37.2
1.51 56.62
37.7
56. 55
1.50 56.17
33.5
1. 45
36.4
1.69 55.83
55. 65
37.1
1.51 59.32
38.5
1.45
1.50 54. 96
35.1
1.52 60. 29
1.67 56.12
35.8
38.7
35.5
1.45
1.50 53. 96
36.1
53.70
1.52 49.68
1.68 52. 49
36.2
34.8
52. 90
32.9
1.51 62. 33
37.1
1.45
36.2
34.4
54.96
36.4
1.51 51.94
1.51 63.25
38.1
1.66 52.13
1.44
38.5
1.66 53.36
57.15
38.1
1.50 54.36
36.8
1.51 63. 91
1.45
36.0
37.2
56.85
37.9
1.50 55.80
1.50 66.08
39.1
1.69 53. 42
37.1
1.44
36.9
1.50 55.57
36.8
1.51 66.07
1.66 55. 30
38.4
1.44
55.35
39.8
1.66 54.96
54.45
36.3
1.50 54.93
35.9
1.53 66. 57
40.1
1.45
37.9
55.05
36.7
1.50 55.08
36.0
1.53 65.01
39.4
1.65 58. 58
40.4
1.45
37.4
1. 53 56. 21
36.5
39.4
57. 22
1. 54 66.19
1.68 59. 42
40.7
1.46
39.1
1.51 58. 67
1. 54 66. 08
39.1
1.69 56. 30
1.44
59.04
38.1
39.1
1.72 55.33
1.52 60.30
38.9
1. 55 64.16
37.3
37.9
1.46
58.98
38.8
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Transportation—Con.
1956: Average______
1957: Average...........
1958: January_____
February____
March_______
A pril................
M ay_________
June_________
July-------------August______
September___
October______
November___
December____
1959: January..........
Gloves and miscella
neous leather goods
$48. 47
37.0 $1.31
49.59
36.2
1.37
49. 32
36.0
1.37
36.3
1.39
50. 46
50.40
36.0
1.40
50.34
35.7
1.41
49.98
35.7
1.40
50.04
36.0
1.39
35.9
50. 26
1.40
50.40
36.0
1.40
49.62
35.7
1.39
50. 87
36.6
1.39
51.01
36.7
1.39
51.71
37.2
1.39
51.61
36.6
1.41
Communication
Electric light and
power utilities
$93.38
97.06
98. 98
99.14
99. 80
100.45
99. 72
101.68
101.68
102. 59
102. 66
103.22
103. 73
103.89
103.63
41.5
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.8
41.0
40.9
40.8
41.7
41.7
41.6
41.5
40.1
41.4
41.2
41.3
42.5
41.2
42.2
42.6
40.7
42.6
$2.12
2. 26
2.38
2. 44
2. 40
2.39
2. 43
2.45
2. 43
2.45
2.45
2.43
2. 56
2.52
Other public utilities
1956: Average........... $48.77
1957: Average______ 50.26
1958: January_____
50. 57
February.........
50. 52
M arch_______ 51.10
April..............
51.50
M ay________
52.15
June_________ 53. 61
July-------------- 53.91
August______
53.25
52. 65
September___
October. ____ 52.50
51.41
November___
December____ 55.13
1959: January______ 53.70
35.6
34.9
34.4
34.6
35.0
34.8
35.0
35.5
35.7
35.5
35.1
35.0
34.5
37.5
35.1
See footnotes at end of table.
40.9
40.6
40.7
41.4
40.5
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.9
41.1
41.3
41.2
41.1
$2.11 $93.11
97.10
2.28
. 21
2.32
. 86
2.30 98. 85
2.30 103.48
2. 30 102.97
2.33 103.63
2.33 103.38
2.33 103.94
2.35 105.93
2.37 106.49
2.39 107.01
2. 38 108.47
2. 39 107.16
2.22
Food and liquor
stores
$1.37 $63.38
1.44 65.50
1.47 65.70
1.46 65.87
1.46 65.87
1.48 66.23
1.49
. 42
1.51 68.08
1.51 69. 56
1.50 69.38
1.50 68.44
1.50 68.42
1.49
.97
1.47 68.24
1.53 68.26
66
68
37.5
36.8
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.6
36.2
36.3
36.3
36.5
Retail trade
Electric light and
gas utilities combined
Gas utilities
$2.25 $86.30
2. 35 90.13
2. 42 92.80
2.43 96.05
2. 44 93.15
2.45 92.46
2. 45 92.23
2.48 93.67
2.48 93. 90
2. 49 94.60
2.51 96.12
2. 53 97.41
2.53 98. 71
2. 54 98.06
2.54 98.23
Department stores
and general mail
order houses
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$88. 40
94.24
99.01
101.26
96. 24
98. 95
100.12
101.19
103. 28
100. 94
103. 39
103. 52
104.19
107. 35
Local railways and
Switchboard operat
Line construction
Total: Gas and elec
Telephone
Telegraph 8
ing employees6
buslines
employees i
tric utilities
$84.48
43.5 $2.33 $82. 74
37.7 $1.61 $101.36
39.5 $1.86 $60.70
43.1 $1.96 $73.47
41.2 $2.22
42.0 $1.97 $91. 46
1.69 102.48
1.95 62.70
43.2
2.05 76.05
2.40 87.36
37.1
42.7
39.0
88.56
41.8
40.9
2.33
2.09 95. 30
41.5
2. 46 85.90
1. 73 102.09
35.3
38.0
42.6
2.08 76. 38
41.1
88. 61
2.01 61.07
2.09 97. 51
40.8
2.39
1.74 101. 76
2. 47 86.10
36.3
38.2
42.5
2.09 76.78
41.2
88.83
2.01 63.16
41.0
2. 41
41.0
2.10 98. 81
1.74 102.18
35.2
41.2
2. 48 86. 52
41.2
2.02 61.25
37.8
42.6
2.09 76.36
89.03
40.4
2.42
2.10 97. 77
40.9
1.74 101.84
2.49 87.35
35.3
2.03 61.42
37.7
42.7
2.11 76. 53
41.4
90.10
2.44
40.8
2.11 99.55
2. 50 89. 04
2. 04 63.01
1. 77 101. 75
40.7
35.6
37.8
43.0
2.10 77.11
90. 30
2. 43
2.12 98. 42
42.0
40.5
2.54 91.34
36.2
2.12 78.31
41.3
1.75 104.90
2.05 63.35
38.2
91.16
41.9
43.0
2.46
40.7
2.18 100.12
2. 56 91. 76
1. 75 107.01
41.8
36.5
2.06 63.88
38.5
42.9
2.13 79. 31
91. 38
41.9
40.7
2.46
2.19 100.12
2. 57 91.78
1. 76 106.91
2.12 79. 90
41.6
36.8
2.07 64.77
38.6
42.9
90. 95
42.1
40.9
2.18 101.02
2.47
41.9
2. 58 93. 63
37.4
1.77 108.10
2.14 81.12
2.08 66.20
39.0
42.4
90. 74
40.9
2.24 101.84
41.8
2.49
1.79 107.84
41.8
2.58 93. 41
37.6
2.09 67.30
42.5
2.13 81.51
90. 53
39.0
40.9
2.24 102.66
41.7
2.51
42.2
2. 59 92.51
39.2
2.09 69.38
2.14 82.97
91.16
1. 77 109.30
39.7
42.6
41.1
2.24 103. 57
41.3
2. 52
2.60 93.18
42.2
36.4
2.10 64.79
38.6
2.16 81.06
92. 66
41.6
1.78 109. 72
42.9
2.24 103. 57
41.1
2. 52
2.60 93.98
1.78 108.16
38.2
2.11 64.26
2.17 80. 60
41.4
41.6
36.1
42.9
93.09
2. 52
2.27 103.07
40.9
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Wholesale and retail trade
Other public utilities—Continued
1956: Average______
1957: Average_____
1958: January______
February____
March_______
April________
M ay_________
June_________
July....... ...........
August______
September___
October. ._ .
November___
December____
1959: January_____
Class I railroads 8
100
100
$2.26 $81.20
2.38 84.42
2.45 85.41
2. 46 85. 57
2. 49 85.79
2. 53 85.14
2.53 86.40
2.54 87.42
2.54 88.26
2.56 87.64
2.59
2.61 87.85
2.61
2.62 88.48
2.62 88.62
88.66
88.22
Automotive and ac
cessories dealers
$1.69 $81. 28
1.78 83.22
1.83 82.34
1.84 80. 54
1.84 81.28
1.85 81.72
1.85 83.66
84.10
84. 53
84. 73
1.87 83. 47
1.89 83.22
1.90 83.90
85. 36
. 68
1.87
1.86
1.86
1.86
1.88
41.2
40.8
40.9
41.0
39.7
40.9
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.0
41.4
40.9
86
43.7
43.8
43.8
43.3
43.7
43.7
43.8
43.8
43.8
43.9
43.7
43.8
43.7
44.0
44.0
Wholesale trade
$2.01
2.10
2.13
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.18
. 20
2.18
2
2.20
2.19
2. 21
Apparel and acces
sories stores
$1.86 $47. 54
1.90 49.13
50.81
50.26
49.19
1.87 50.08
1.91 50. 72
1.92 51.01
1.93 51. 25
1.93 50.69
1.91 50.86
1.90 50.91
1.92 50.76
1.94 52.98
1.97 52.44
1.88
1.86
1.86
40.4
40.2
40.1
39.8
39.9
39.6
40.0
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.3
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.1
34.7
34.6
34.8
34.9
34.4
34.3
34.5
34.7
35.1
35.2
34.6
34.4
34.3
35.8
34.5
Retail trade (except
eating and drinking General merchandise
stores
places)
$60.60
38.6 $1.57 $43.40
35.0 $1.24
62. 48
1.64 44.85
38.1
34.5
1.30
63. 50
37.8
45. 77
33.9
1.35
63.50
37.8
45.69
34.1
1.34
63.13
1.67 45.75
34.4
37.8
1.33
37.8
63.50
. 68 45.83
34.2
1.34
63.88
37.8
1. 69 46.31
34.3
1.35
64. 94
38.2
1.70 47.68
34.8
1.37
66.18
38.7
1. 71 48. 22
35.2
1.37
66.18
38.7
35.2
1. 71 47. 52
1.35
64.98
38.0
1.71 46.92
34.5
1.36
64. 81
37.9
1. 71 46.65
34.3
1.36
64.47
37.7
1.71 45. 90
1.35
34.0
64.68
38.5
. 68 48. 68
36.6
1.33
66.29
38.1
1. 74 48. 44
34.6
1.40
Other retail trade
1.68
1.68
1
1
Furniture and appli Lumber and hard
ance stores
ware supply stores
$1.37 $69. 30
42.0 $1.65 $72. 68
42.5 $1. 7x
1.42 71.23
41.9
1.70 74. 69
42.2
1.77
1.46 71.72
1.72 73.93
41.7
41.3
1.79
1.44 69. 47
41.6
1.67 73.03
40.8
1.79
1.43 68.89
74.34
41.5
41.3
1.80
1.46
.97
41.8
1.65 75.30
41.6
1.81
1.47 70.98
1.69 77.83
42.0
1.84
42.3
1.72 77.35
1.47 72.07
41.9
42.5
1.82
42.1
1.72 77. 96
1.46 72. 41
42.6
1.83
1.44 73.57
41.8
1.76 78.94
42.9
1.84
1.47 72. 98
41.7
1. 75 79.18
42.8
1.85
1.48 73. 81
1.77 79.24
41.7
42.6
1.48 74.05
41.6
1.78 77.70
1.85
42.0
1. 48 76.38
42.2
1.81 76.49
41.8
1.83
1.52 L3.34
41.2
1.78 76.18
41.4
1.84
68
1.66
1.86
467
O.— E A R N IN G S A N D H O U R S
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers, by industry x—Con.
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Finance, insurance, and
real esta te9
Year and month
Banks
Security
trust
companies
and exchanges
$61. 97
64.21
65. 56
65. 60
65. 53
65. 60
65. 72
65. 56
65.93
65.80
65.98
66.24
66.54
66.48
67.04
1956: Average..........
1957: Average.........1958: January_____
February____
March, ____
April_______
M ay________
June________
July________
A u g u s t_____
September__
October ____
November___
December___
1959: January_____
$97. 56
98. 77
98.19
97.77
95. 65
98.64
103.60
105. 42
106.21
107. 55
108.04
115. 41
121.46
123. 49
121. 50
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Service and miscellaneous
Motion
picture
Personal services
Hotels, year-round 18
ance
carriers
Cleaning and dyeing plants
Laundries
$77. 49
80. 73
82.12
82. 68
82.60
82.38
82.59
82.86
83.00
83.49
83.19
82.97
83.45
84.36
84. 68
$42.13
43. 52
44.40
44. 58
44.29
44. 29
44.80
45.31
45.60
44. 91
45.09
45. 65
45.49
46.40
45. 77
$1.03
1.08
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.12
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.16
1.15
40.9
40.3
40.0
39.8
39.9
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.0
40.1
39.9
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.8
$42.32
43. 27
43.68
43.23
43.68
44.30
44. 75
45. 37
45. 26
44. 80
44. 80
44.92
44. 23
44. 69
45.08
40.3
39.7
39.0
38.6
39.0
39.2
39.6
39.8
39.7
39.3
39.3
39.4
38.8
39.2
39.2
$1.05
1.09
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.13
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.14
1.15
$49.77
50. 57
49.27
47.09
49. 53
50.70
52.40
53. 47
51.07
49.48
51. 34
52.80
51.86
51.32
52.11
tion and
distributton
$91. 66
99.48
97. 43
98. 79
97.84
95. 43
96.26
96. 55
97. 10
97. 67
100. 62
102.32
101. 44
104.29
101. 93
$1.26
1.30
1. 30
1.29
1. 30
1.31
1.32
1.34
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.34
1. 35
39.5
38.9
37.9
36.5
38.1
38.7
39.7
39.9
38.4
37.2
38.6
39.4
38.7
38.3
38.6
8 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone Industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. In 1957, such employees made up 39 percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting
hours and earnings data.
J Data relate to employees hi such occupations in the telephone industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1957, such employees made
up 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establish
ments reporting hours and earnings data.
8 Data relate to domestic nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
• Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings data are not available.
10 M oney payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958 and coverage of these series, see footnote 1, table A-2.
In addition, hours and earnings data for anthracite mining have been
revised from January 1953 and are not comparable with those published in
issues prior to August 1958.
For mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants
data, refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to
construction workers; and for the remaining industries, unless otherwise
noted, to nonsupervisory workers and working supervisors.
Data for the latest month are preliminary.
* Italicized titles which follow are components of this industry.
» Averages shown for 1956 are not strictly comparable with those for later
years.
* Data beginning with January 1958 are not strictly comparable with those
shown for earlier years.
* Figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal com
panies) are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who
received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assist
ants (ICO Group I).
T a b l e C -2 .
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
N ote; For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for Class I railroads (see footnote 5).
A verage w eek ly earnings, gross and n et spendable, of production workers in m anufacturing
industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars 1
1959
Item
Annual
average
1958
Jan.
1957
1956
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
$88.04
71.17
$86. 58
69.88
$85.17
68.85
$85.39
69.03
$84.35
68.19
$83. 50
67.39
$83.10
67.18
$82.04
66.38
$80. 81
65.43
$81.45
66.06
$80. 64
65. 83
71.20
57.51
72.10
58.29
70.93
57.25
69.80'
56.43
69. 97
56.56
69.14
55.89
68.46
55.25
68.14
55.08
67.29
54.44
66. 30
53. 68
66. 81
54.18
66.17
54.02
66.98
54. 77
67. 57
56.21
65.86
56.68
78. 70
63. 57
79.60
64.35
78.41
63.28
77.25
62.45
77.43
62. 59
76.58
61.91
75.88
61. 25
75.55
61.08
74. 68
60.42
73.67
59.65
74. 20
60.18
73. 54
60.03
74.37
60.81
74. 97
62.37
73.22
63.01
Jan.2
Manufacturing
Gross average weekly earnings:
Current dollars___________ $87.38
1947-49 dollars.......................... 70.58
N et spendable average weekly
earnings:
Worker with no dependents:
Current dollars__________
1947—49 dollars -------------Worker with 3 dependents:
Current dollars__________
1947-49 dollars ...................
i For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
N et spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, Federal social security and income taxes for
which the worker is liable. The amount of tax liability depends, of course,
on the number of dependents supported by the worker as well as on the level
of his gross income. N et spendable earnings have been computed for 2 types
of income-receivers: (1) a worker with no dependents; (2) a worker with 3
dependents. The primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring
relative changes in disposable earnings for 2 types of income receivers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$81.66 $82.39
66.77 68. 54
$79.99
68.84
The computations of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross aver
age weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing without
direct regard to marital status, family composition, or other sources of
income.
Gross and net spendable average weekly earnings expressed In 1947-49
dollars indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings after adjust
ment for changes in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s Con
sumer Price Index.
* Preliminary.
S o u r c e : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
468
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
T able C -3 .
Indexes of aggregate w eekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Industry
T otal...................................... ...............................
M in in g .................... .................. ..........................
Contract construction......................................
M anufacturing_________ _____ __________
Durable goods............ .....................................
Ordnance and accessories____________
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_____________________
Furniture and fixtures____ _____ _____
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries.........................
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)____________
Machinery (except electrical).................
Electrical machinery________________
Transportation equipment.......................
Instruments and related products_____
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries____________________________
Nondurable goods_____________________
Food and kindred products__________
Tobacco manufactures_______________
Textile-mill products....... .......................
Apparel and other finished textile
products________________________
Paper and allied products.......................
Printing, publishing and allied industries__ ___ _____________________
Chemicals and allied products________
Products of petroleum and coal..............
Rubber products________ ___________
Leather and leather products_________
Feb.2 Jan.2
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
93.8
66.1
91.6
96.0
101.4
320.3
94.8
68.1
99.9
95.8
101.3
329.0
96.7
69.8
105.7
97.3
102.3
330.1
98.5
68.4
123.8
96.9
101.2
317.6
97.8
68.0
135.3
94.5
96.0
297.0
99.6
68.3
136.1
96.5
98.6
305.0
97.3
67.4
137.9
93.5
94.0
293.5
93.8
66.1
132.1
90.2
92.0
295.1
93.9
68.7
128.1
90.6
93.7
300.9
90.9
65.1
122.7
88.1
91.3
297.9
89.0
64.5
109.1
87.8
91.6
303.9
89.9
67.0
98.9
90.2
94.4
298.2
89.7
69.3
85.9
91.5
95.7
294.4
105.6
81.4
127.3
104.1
112.9
339.4
109.9
83. 8
135.0
108.1
117.3
378.8
70.1
104.9
93.8
96.8
70.8
103. 8
93.8
94.1
74.5
105.3
96.4
92.4
76.3
105.3
98.6
90.0
80.0
106.4
97.9
86.2
79.8
105.1
101.9
86.3
77.4
100.7
99.3
81.9
73.6
91.9
95.6
80.6
76.7
92.1
94.9
81.1
70.3
88.7
91.0
77.1
66.2
89.0
88.9
77.2
65.6
92.7
89.2
81.0
65.4
93.7
89.2
82.7
76.6
103.9
104.5
105.4
88.1
107.7
109.6
110.6
106.3
94.2
124.4
118.0
110.6
105.4
92.3
124.4
123.9
109.5
107.9
91.1
124.9
125.7
110.3
107.2
87.9
124.7
121.5
109.6
102. 5
85.6
116.1
99.1
107.9
107.0
86.9
120.0
108.7
106.5
101.3
83.2
113.6
103.2
102.0
97.3
84.3
109.0
105.0
100.2
98.3
86.7
110.6
107.7
101.9
94.6
87.5
109.1
107.1
101.3
94.8
89.9
110.9
108.3
104.0
98.0
92.9
114.3
113.5
105.4
99.8
93.7
116.7
116.5
106.8
115.9
111.0
134.0
139.6
117.5
116.6
116.6
138.6
138.6
121.1
93.9
89.6
74.4
71.2
72.7
91.5
89.3
77.0
76.4
71.5
94.4
91.2
82.2
82.7
73.0
99.3
91.7
86.2
82.7
73.7
100.9
92.6
91.4
92.1
72.9
98.9
94.0
98.1
95.8
71.8
93.6
92.8
97.0
84.1
70.6
88.0
88.0
89.2
68.3
67.5
90.9
87.0
84.7
69.1
68.0
88.3
84.3
78.7
67.1
65.3
88.6
83.3
75.4
66.1
64.5
90.1
85.2
74.7
68.4
66.8
89.7
86.6
75.5
74.5
68.0
101.2
93.7
86.4
80.8
74.7
105.9
97.0
90.6
86.4
80.6
105.4
109.1
100.7
109.8
101.3
110.3
100.3
111.4
100.7
112.0
101.2
112.2
101.1
110.3
94.1
105.5
92.4
106.4
91.3
104.0
90.5
104.5
94.0
105.8
98.2
105.9
102.0
113.9
104.1
116.4
108.4
100.4
80.3
103.7
95.8
108.4
100.3
83.8
102.9
94.2
111.5
100.7
82.4
104.3
93.3
109.7
100.3
83.9
100.0
89.5
110.2
100.3
81.6
99.4
85.9
110.0
99.2
85.0
96. 2
86.8
108.5
97.2
84.3
92.1
88.8
106.6
95.7
85.5
86.1
87.2
107.6
97.2
85.8
86.3
84.8
107.3
98.6
84.5
82.7
78.3
108.4
100.0
84.1
83.0
75.3
109.5
100.0
83.2
87.8
85.3
108.7
99.6
83.9
89.7
88.6
112. 4
106.2
91.1
104.8
90.8
112.7
108.3
93. 8
106. 7
93.9
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
1 Preliminary.
For mining and manufacturing data, refer to production and related
workers; for contract construction, to construction workers.
T a b l e C -4 .
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Indexes of aggregate w eekly payrolls in industrial and construction activities 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Activity
Feb.2 Jan.2
Dec.
M ining______________________________
108.5
109.4
106.8
105.0
105.5
103.6
101.8
106.2
Contract construction_____
174.3
184.4
212.2
231.4
232.9
232.8
223.1
213.3
158.1
160.4
158.4
152.5
155.7
150.0
1418
144.9
140.9
Manufacturing____
____
1See footnote 1, table 0-3.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
_____
158.4
2 Preliminary.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
99.0
98.2
103.6
108.0
1213
121.6
205.1
183.2
166.3
145.5
207.1
207.7
139.6
143.6
144.9
162.7
161.4
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1957
1956
C.—EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C-5.
469
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time*
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Year and month
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time 1
Gross
Stone, clay, and
glass products
Primary metal
industries
Fabricated
metal products
Total: Durable
goods
$1.98
2.07
2.11
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.17
2.19
2.19
$1.91
2.01
2.06
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.07
2.08
2.07
2. 08
2. 08
2.11
2.12
2.13
$2.10
2. 20
2.24
2.24
2. 25
2.25
2.26
2.27
2. 28
2.29
2.30
2.29
2.34
2. 36
2. 35
$2.03
2.14
2. 20
2. 20
2.21
2. 21
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.23
2. 24
2.23
2.26
2.28
2.29
Ordnance and
accessories
$2.19
2.34
2. 44
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.46
2. 48
2. 48
2. 48
2. 50
2. 50
2. 51
2. 54
2. 53
$2.12
2. 28
2.38
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2. 43
2.42
2. 42
2. 43
2.44
2. 44
2.48
2.47
Lumber and
wood products
(except furni
ture)
$1.76
1.81
1. 81
1.82
1.82
1.84
1.88
1.88
1.89
1.91
1.94
1.95
1.93
1.92
1.90
$1.69
1.75
1.75
1.77
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.81
1.83
1.83
1.86
1.87
1.85
1.86
1.83
Furniture and
fixtures
$1.69
1.75
1.76
1.77
1. 77
1. 77
1. 77
1. 78
1.77
1.78
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.80
$1.64
1.70
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1. 74
1. 74
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.74
$1.96
2.05
2.10
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.13
2.16
2.11
2.14
2.16
2.16
$1.88
1.98
2.04
2.04
2.03
2.03
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2. 07
2.03
2. 06
2.08
2.09
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except electrical)
1956: Average..........
1957: Average..........
1958: January_____
February____
March______
April_______
M ay________
June________
July.................
A ugust______
September__
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January3____
Ex
cluding
over
time *
Durable goods
Total: Manu
facturing
1956: Average_____
1957: Average..........
1958: January..........
February........
March__ . . .
April................
M ay.................
June________
J u ly .................
August_____
September___
October..........
November___
December___
1959: January3____
Ex
Gross cluding
over
time *
$2.21
2.30
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.36
2. 37
2.38
2. 38
2. 38
2. 39
2.39
2.43
2.44
2.44
$2.12
2.23
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2. 33
2.33
2.33
2. 34
2.34
2. 36
2.37
2.38
Electrical
machinery
$1.98
2.07
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.16
2.15
2.19
2.20
2.21
$1.92
2.02
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.13
2.14
2.15
Transportation
equipment
$2.31
2.41
2.46
2.46
2.47
2.47
2.49
2.50
2. 53
2. 55
2. 55
2. 55
2.63
2. 66
2.62
$2.23
2.35
2. 41
2. 42
2. 43
2. 44
2.45
2. 46
2. 48
2. 48
2. 49
2. 48
2. 53
2.54
2. 54
$2.29
2.44
2.52
2. 53
2.54
2.54
2. 55
2. 57
2.64
2. 65
2.67
2. 68
2.69
2.68
2.70
$2.07
2.18
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.27
2. 28
2. 29
2.29
2. 28
2.32
2.33
2.32
$2.00
2.11
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.21
2.22
2.22
2 22
2.21
2.24
2.26
2.26
Nondurable goods
Instruments
and related
products
$2.01
2.11
2.15
2.15
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2. 21
2.22
2.21
2.23
2.24
2.25
$2.36
2. 50
2. 56
2.56
2.57
2. 58
2.58
2. 61
2.68
2. 70
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.75
2. 77
$1.96
2.06
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.19
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
$1.75
1.81
1.85
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.85
l. 84
1.84
1.85
1.85
1.86
1.88
1.90
$1.69
1.76
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.84
Total: Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
$1.80
1.88
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
$1.83
1.93
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.01
1.99
1.97
1.99
2.00
2.04
2.06
2.09
$1.75
1.83
1.88
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.89
1. 89
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
$1.76
1.86
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.95
1.94
1.92
1.89
1.91
1.93
1. 96
1.98
2.01
Tobacco manufactures
$1.44
1.52
1.56
1.56
1.59
1.65
1.66
1.67
1. 66
1.59
1.50
1.52
1.60
1.65
1.64
$1.42
1.50
1.53
1.55
1.58
1.62
1.63
1.63
1.63
1. 55
1.48
1. 50
1. 58
1.62
1.61
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average__ 1957: Average_____
1958: January____
February. . .
March..".___
April. ____
M ay................
J u n e _______
July________
A ugust______
September__
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January3____
$1.45
1.50
1.50
1. 50
1.50
1. 50
1. 50
1.51
1. 50
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.53
$1.40
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1. 47
1.47
1.46
1.47
1. 47
1.47
1.47
1.48
Apparel and
Paper and
Printing, pub- Chemicals and
other finished allied products fishing, and al- allied products
textile products
lied industries *
$1.45
1.49
1.51
1.50
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.52
1.53
1.53
1. 52
1.52
1.53
$1.43
1.47
1,49
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.48
1. 48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.49
1.49
1.51
$1.94
2.04
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.16
$1.84
1.94
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
$2.42
2.50
2.54
2. 55
2.56
2.55
2. 58
2. 59
2. 59
2. 60
2.62
2.63
2.62
2.65
2. 63
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1958, see footnote 1, table A-2.
»Derived by assuming that the overtime hours shown in table C-6 are paid
for at the rate of time and one-half.
3 Preliminary.
<Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, are not available separately
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.11
2.22
2. 27
2.28
2.27
2.27
2.29
2.31
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.34
2. 35
2.36
2.37
$2.05
2.16
2.22
2.23
2. 22
2. 22
2.24
2 26
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.27
2.29
2. 30
2.30
Products of
petroleum and
coal
$2.54
2.65
2. 72
2 72
2.72
2. 74
2. 72
2 73
2. 76
2.73
2. 76
2. 74
2.77
2. 77
2.78
$2.47
2. 59
2.68
2. 68
2. 68
2.69
2. 67
2 68
2. 70
2. 67
2.70
2. 69
2. 72
2.72
2. 73
Rubber products
Leather and
leather products
$2 17
2 26
2 29
2 28
2 29
2 29
2 30
2 38
2 35
2. 39
2.39
2. 39
2. 41
2.45
2.43
$1 4Q
$2 09
2 18
2 25
2 24
2 25
2 25
2 25
2 26
2 28
2 30
2. 31
2 31
2. 33
2.34
2.35
1 54
1 56
1 56
1 57
1 57
1 57
1* 57
1 55
1 56
1.58
1 58
1.59
1.59
1.60
$1 47
1 52
1 54
1 54
1 55
1 56
1 55
1 55
1 53
1 54
L 56
1 55
l! 56
1.56
1.57
for the printing, publishing, and allied industries group, as graduated over
time rates are found to an extent likely to make average overtime pay signif
icantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the industry in the
nondurable-goods total has little effect.
Source: TJ.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
470
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
T a b l e C -6 .
Gross average w eekly hours and average overtim e hours of production workers in m anu
facturing, b y major industry group 1
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time 3
Gross
Over
time
Durable goods
Year and month
Total manufacturing
Total: Durable
goods
1956: Average..........
1957: Average..........
1958: January........ _
February____
March.............
April_______
M ay.................
June________
J u ly .-..............
A ugust______
September__
October____ _
November___
December___
1959: January3- --
40.4
39.8
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.3
38.7
39.2
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.8
39.9
40.2
39.9
2.8
2.4
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.3
41.1
40.3
38.9
38.6
39.0
38.8
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.8
40.2
40.1
40.3
40.8
40.4
3.0
2.4
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.3
Ordnance and
accessories
41.8
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.2
41.2
41.1
41.9
41.7
2.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.0
Lumber and
wood products
(except furniture)
40.3
39.8
38.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.6
40.5
39.3
40.7
41.3
41.1
40.2
40.3
39.6
3.3
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.0
2.8
Furniture and
fixtures
40.8
40.0
38.5
38.4
38.6
38.0
37.8
38.8
38.9
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.8
41.2
40.2
2.8
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.0
3.0
2.7
3.1
2.6
Stone, clay, and Primary metal
glass products
industries
41.1
40.5
39.2
38.6
39.1
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.8
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.4
40.3
3.6
3.1
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.8
1956: Average_____
1957: Average........ 1958: January..........
February____
March.............
April................
M ay________
June________
July..................
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January 3____
Electrical
machinery
42.2
41.0
39.7
39.2
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.4
40.0
39.5
39.9
40.6
40.6
40.8
40.1
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.6
39.3
39.7
40.4
39.9
40.6
40.6
40.3
3.7
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.6
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.9
Transportation
equipment
40.9
40.4
38.8
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.0
39.6
40.0
40.6
41.7
40.9
2.9
2.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
2.1
2.0
2.5
3.3
3.8
2.4
Instruments
and related
products
40.8
40.3
39.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.7
39.8
40.3
40.4
40.7
40.9
40.8
2.8
2.0
1.2
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.1
41.2
40.8
39.3
38.9
39.2
38.9
39.4
40.0
40.0
40.4
41.0
40.8
40.8
41.2
40.5
3.0
2.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
Nondurable goods
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except electrical)
40.9
39.5
37.2
36.8
37.1
36.9
37.3
38.3
38.4
38.5
39.1
38.9
39.3
39.8
40.1
Fabricated
metal products
2.3
2.0
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.0
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
40.3
39.9
39.2
39.0
39.2
39.0
39.1
39.5
39.2
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.2
2.6
2.3
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.4
Total: Nondurable goods
39.5
39.1
38.3
38.1
38.1
37.7
38.1
38.7
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.6
39.3
2.5
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.4
Food and kindred products
41.0
40.5
40.1
39.7
39.6
39.7
40.2
40.7
41.2
41.4
41.6
40.9
41.0
41.0
40.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.0
Tobacco manufactures
38.9
38.6
39.0
37.9
37.1
38.0
38.7
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.1
39.6
39.2
40.1
39.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
.7
.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.9
1.5
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average..........
1957: Average..........
1958: January_____
February____
March.............
April_______
M ay________
June________
July..................
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1959: January3........
39.6
38.9
37.6
37.8
37.6
36.6
37.3
38.4
38.6
39.2
39.7
40.1
40.3
40.2
39.7
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.6
Printing, pubApparel and
other finished Paper and allied fishing, and altextile products
products
lied industries
36.3
36.0
35.1
35.1
34.7
34.5
34.8
35.0
35.6
36.4
36.1
36.0
35.8
36.1
36.0
1.2
1.1
.8
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
42.8
42.3
41.4
41.1
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.8
41.9
42.5
42.7
42.7
42.5
42.4
42.4
4.6
4.3
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
38.8
38.5
37.7
37.7
37.9
37.7
37.6
37.6
37.6
37.9
38.0
37.9
37.9
38.4
37.8
1 For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to August
1 58, see footnote 1, table A-2.
* Covers premium overtime hours of production and related workers during
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Overtime hours are
those for which premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the
number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3.2
3.0
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.4
Chemicals and
allied products
41.3
41.2
40.8
40.6
40.7
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.4
41.3
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Products of
petroleum and
coal
41.1
40.9
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.5
40.5
41.0
41.0
40.4
40.7
40.2
40.6
40.2
41.1
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.7
Rubber products
40.2
40.5
38.2
37.3
38.0
37.5
38.2
39.1
39.1
40.5
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.9
41.1
2.8
2.8
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.5
2.4
2.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.8
3.1
Leather and
leather products
37.6
37.4
37.3
36.8
36.2
34.1
35.3
36.6
37.4
37.3
36.7
37.0
37.5
38.5
38.8
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.0
.6
.8
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of
premiums were paid are excluded. These data are not available prior to 1956.
3 Preliminary.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
471
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
T able D - l.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: All items and major groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month
All items
Food
Housing
Apparel
Transporta Medical care Personal care Reading and
tion
recreation
Other goods
and services
Average___________
Average___________
Average___________
Average.......................
Average___________
Average................. .
Average___________
Average___________
Average......................
Average................. .
Average___________
Average__________ -
95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113.5
114.4
114.8
114.5
116.2
120.2
123.5
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
112.6
110.9
111.7
115.4
120.3
95.0
101.7
103.3
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
119.1
120.0
121.7
125.6
127.7
97.1
103.5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
104.3
103.7
105.5
106.9
107.0
90.6
100.9
108.5
111.3
118.4
126.2
129.7
128.0
126.4
128.7
136.0
140.5
94.9
100.9
104.1
106.0
111.1
117.2
121.3
125.2
128.0
132.6
138.0
144.4
97.6
101.3
101.1
101.1
110.5
111.8
112.8
113.4
115.3
120.0
124.4
128.6
95.5
100.4
104.1
103.4
106.5
107.0
108.0
107.0
106.6
108.1
112.2
116.7
96.1
100.5
103.4
105.2
109.7
115.4
118.2
120.1
120.2
122.0
125. 5
127.2
1955: January.......................
February....................
March____ ________
A pril...........................
M ay______________
June______________
July..............................
August.........................
September_________
October___________
November_________
December...................
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.2
114.2
114.4
114.7
114.5
114.9
114.9
115.0
114.7
110.6
110.8
110.8
111.2
111. 1
111.3
112.1
111.2
111.6
110.8
109.8
109.5
119.6
119.6
119.6
119.5
119.4
119.7
119.9
120.0
120.4
120.8
120.9
120.8
103.3
103.4
103.2
103.1
103.3
103.2
103.2
103.4
104. 6
104.6
104.7
104.7
127.6
127.4
127.3
125.3
125.5
125.8
125.4
125.4
125.3
126.6
128.5
127.3
126.5
126.8
127.0
127.3
127.5
127.6
127.9
128.0
128.2
128.7
129.8
130.2
113.7
113.5
113.5
113.7
113.9
114.7
115.5
115. 8
116.6
117.0
117.5
117.9
106.9
106.4
106. 6
106.6
106.5
106.2
106.3
106.3
106.7
106.7
106.8
106.8
119.9
119.8
119.8
119.8
119.9
119.9
120.3
120.4
120.6
120.6
120.6
120.6
1956: January.......................
February__________
March____________
A pril...........................
M ay______________
June______________
July..............................
August____________
September_________
October......................
November_________
December...................
114.6
114.6
114.7
114.9
115.4
116.2
117.0
116.8
117.1
117.7
117.8
118.0
109.2
108.8
109.0
109.6
113.2
114.8
113.1
113.1
113.1
112.9
112.9
120.6
120.7
120.7
120.8
120.9
121.4
121.8
122.2
122.5
122.8
123.0
123.5
104.1
104.6
104.8
104.8
104.8
104.8
105.3
105.5
106.5
106.8
107.0
107.0
126.8
126.9
126. 7
126.4
127.1
126.8
127.7
128.5
128.6
132.6
133.2
133.1
130.7
130.9
131.4
131.6
131.9
132.0
132.7
133.3
134.0
134.1
134.5
134.7
118.5
118.9
119.2
119.5
119.6
119.9
120.1
120.3
120.5
120.8
121.4
121.8
107.3
107.5
107.7
108.2
108.2
107.6
107.7
107.9
108.4
108.5
109.0
109.3
120.8
120.9
121.2
121.4
121.5
121.8
122.2
122.1
122.7
123.0
123.2
123.3
1957: January......................
February..................
March____________
April______________
M ay______________
June______________
July..............................
August........................
September..................
October......................
November_________
December_________
118.2
118.7
118.9
119.3
119.6
120.2
120.8
121.0
121.1
121.1
121.6
121.6
112.8
113.6
113.2
113.8
114.6
116.2
117.4
117.9
117.0
116.4
116.0
116.1
123.8
124.5
124.9
125.2
125.3
125.5
125.5
125.7
126.3
126.6
126.8
127.0
106.4
106.1
106.8
106.5
106.5
106.6
106.5
106.6
107.3
107.7
107.9
107.6
133.6
134.4
135.1
135. 5
135.3
135.3
135.8
135.9
135.9
135.8
140.0
138.9
135.3
135.5
136.4
136.9
137.3
137.9
138.4
138.6
139.0
139.7
140.3
140.8
122.1
122.6
122.9
123.3
123.4
124.2
124.7
124.9
125.1
126.2
126.7
127.0
109.9
110.0
110.5
111.8
111.4
111.8
112.4
112.6
113.3
113.4
114.4
114.6
123.8
124.0
124.2
124.2
124.3
124.6
126.6
126.7
126.7
126.8
126.8
126.8
1958: January................. .
February__________
March____________
April............................
M ay______________
June______________
July........... ..................
A ugust.......................
September_________
October........ .............
November ________
December_________
122.3
122.5
123.3
123.5
123.6
123.7
123.9
123.7
123. 7
123.7
123.9
123.7
118.2
118.7
120.8
121.6
121.6
121. 6
121.7
120.7
120.3
119.7
119.4
118.7
127.1
127.3
127.5
127. 7
127.8
127.8
127.7
127.9
127.9
127.9
128.0
128.2
106.9
106.8
106.8
106.7
106.7
106.7
106. 7
106.6
107.1
107.3
107.7
107.5
138.7
138.5
138. 7
138.3
138.7
138.9
140.3
141.0
141.3
142.7
144.5
144.3
141.7
141.9
142.3
142.7
143.7
143.9
144.6
145.0
146.1
146.7
147.0
147.3
127.8
128.0
128.3
128.5
128.5
128.6
128.9
128.9
128.7
128.8
129.1
129.0
116.6
116.6
117.0
117.0
116.6
116.7
116.6
116.7
116.6
116.6
117.0
116.9
127.0
127.0
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.2
127.1
127.1
127.2
127.3
127.3
1959: January.......................
February__________
123.8
123.7
119.0
118.2
128.2
128.5
106.7
106.7
144.1
144.3
147.6
148.6
129.4
129.8
117.0
117.1
127.3
127.4
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
1958:
111.0
i The Consumer Price Index measures the average change in prices of goods
and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker families.
Data for 46 large, medium-size, and small cities are combined for the United
States average.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N ote : For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Soubce: U .8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
m
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
T able D -2.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Food, housing, apparel, transpor
tation, and their subgroups
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Group
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1958
1957
Food !_________________________________
Food at home_______________________
Cereals and bakery products_____
Meats, poultry, and fis h ... .
Dairy products__________________
Fruits and vegetables____________
Other foods at home 3____________
118.2
116.1
133.8
112.6
114.0
121.2
108.1
119.0
117.1
133.9
113.8
114.1
121.7
109.9
118.7
116.8
134.0
113.0
114.3
120.1
110.7
119.4
117.6
134.0
113.5
114.5
121.1
112.6
119.7
118.0
133.9
114.6
114.5
121.0
113.2
120.3
118.7
133.5
115.8
114.1
120.7
115.2
120.7
119.2
132.9
117.7
113.0
124.9
112.8
121.7
120.5
132.9
119.2
112.4
131.9
111.8
121.6
120.4
132.9
118.3
111.7
134.3
110.9
121.6
120.5
132.8
116.6
111.8
137.4
111.5
121.6
120.5
132.7
115.9
112.5
136.6
112.4
120.8
119.6
132.7
114.4
114.1
130.7
113.8
118.7
117.2
132.6
112.0
114.5
124.4
111.3
120.3
118.8
133.1
115.1
113.5
127.1
112.4
115.4
113.8
130.5
105.2
111.8
118.6
112.9
Housing 4______________________________
Rent___ ____ ______________________
Gas and electricity__________________
Solid fuels and fuel oil ______________
Housefumishings___________________
Household operation________ ________
128.5
139.0
118.5
140.0
103.8
133.1
128.2
138.8
118.2
138.9
103.2
133.1
128.2
138.7
118.2
137.0
103.6
132.8
128.0
138.4
118.1
135.8
103.5
132.6
127.9
138.3
118.1
135.6
103.4
132.4
127.9
138.2
118.0
135.2
103.6
132.2
127.9
138.1
117.5
133.6
103.3
132.1
127.7
137.8
117.0
132.3
104.0
131.2
127.8
137.7
116.9
131.7
104.1
131.1
127.8
137.5
116.5
131. 6
104.0
130.9
127.7
137.3
116.0
134.2
104.0
130.9
127.5
137.1
115.9
136.7
103.9
130.7
127.3
137.0
115. 9
137.2
104.9
129.9
127.7
137.7
117.0
134.9
103.9
131.4
125.6
135.2
113.0
137.4
104.6
127.5
Apparel________________________________
M en’s and boys’. ______ _
... ...
Women’s and girls’___ __________ . _
Footwear___________________________
Other apparel6_____________________
106.7
107.8
98.8
131.3
91.7
106.7
108.0
98.7
130.8
91.7
107.5
108.4
100.2
130.4
92.3
107.7
108.5
100.6
130.3
92.3
107.3
107.9
100.2
130.1
91.8
107.1
108.3
99.6
130.1
92.0
106.6
108.3
98.5
130.0
91.9
106.7
108.5
98.6
129.7
92.0
106.7
108.8
98.5
129.8
91.9
106.7
108.9
98.4
129.7
92.1
106.7
109.1
98.2
129.8
91.9
106.8
108.9
98.8
129.5
91.9
106.8
109.0
98.6
129.5
92.0
107.0
108.6
99.1
129.8
92.0
106.9
109.0
99.2
127.9
92.1
Transportation. _______________________
Private___________ _________________
Public.......... ................................................
144.3
133.3
191.8
144.1
133.1
191.8
144.3
133.3
191.8
144.5
133.6
191.1
142.7
131.8
190.4
141.3
130.4
189.8
141.0
130.1
189.5
140.3
129.3
189.5
138.9
128.0
187.7
138.7
128.0
186.1
138.3
127.6
186.1
138.7
128.0
185.9
138.5
127.9
185.4
140.5
129.7
188.0
136.0
125.8
178.8
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
• In addition to subgroup* shown here, total food Includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
» Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic),
and other miscellaneous foods.
T able D -3.
4
In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
* Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous items.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Special groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month
Nondura
ble com
modities
less food 3
95.7
102.9
101. 5
101.3
108.9
109.8
110.0
108.6
107.5
108.9
112.3
113.4
94.9
101.8
103.3
104.4
112.4
113.8
112.6
108.3
105.1
105.1
108.8
110.5
95.7
103.1
101.1
100.9
108.5
109.1
110.1
110.6
110.6
113.0
116.1
116.9
94.5
100.4
105.1
108.5
114.1
119.3
124.2
127.5
129.8
132.6
137.7
142.4
94.7
100.1
105.2
108.1
114.6
120.1
124.6
127.7
130.1
133.0
138.6
143.8
115.5
116.4
116.6
116.6
116.6
116.8
116.4
116.4
116.4
116.6
116.3
113.2
113.1
112.8
112.9
112.9
113.1
113.2
113. 5
113.9
114.5
114.4
110.3
109.6
109.6
109.7
109.6
109.8
109.9
110.3
111.2
112.8
112.9
116.7
116.9
116.6
116.5
116.7
116.9
116.9
117.2
117.2
117.1
117.0
141.0
141.7
142.1
142.3
142.3
142.6
143.0
143.0
143.1
143.4
143.5
142.3
143.1
143.5
143.8
143.8
144.1
144.4
144.4
144.5
144.8
145.0
116.2
116.0
114.0
114.2
112.4
112.2
116.7
117.1
143.9
144.2
145.4
145.7
All items
less shelter
All com
modities
Average_________________ ____ ____ ____ ________
Average. _______ _______ _____ _ ______________
Average ___________________ _________________
Average____ ____ ________________ ____________
Average ______________________________________
Average. ______________________ ________ . . .
Average ____________ _________________ ________
Average. . . ______ ____________________________
Average__________ _______ ____ ________________
Average _____________________________________
Average ________ _________________ _____ ______
Average___ ___________________________________
95.1
101.9
103.0
104.2
110.8
113.5
115.7
116.4
116.7
118.8
122.8
125.5
95.6
103.1
101.3
102.0
110.5
112.7
113.1
113.0
112.4
114.0
117.8
121.2
96.3
103.2
100.6
101.2
110.3
111.7
111.3
110.2
109.0
110.1
113.6
116.3
1958: February_____ _______ ____________ ____ ________
March__________ _____ ____ ____ _
____
April____ ______ ______________________________
M ay_____________________________ ____ _______
June._________________ _____ __________________
July--------- -------------------------------------- --------- -----A u g u s t.......... ........................................ .........................
September........ ....................................................... .........
October___ __________ _____________________
November__________ ______ _____________
December____ ________________________________
124.8
125.0
125.0
125.1
125.2
125.4
125.6
125.8
126.0
126.5
126.5
120.2
121.0
121.2
121.3
121.4
121.6
121.4
121.5
121.5
121.7
121.5
1959: January_______________________________________
February.......... ... ................ ................................... .
126.4
126.7
121.5
121.4
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1964:
1955:
1956:
1957:
1958:
1 8ee footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
1 Includes household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor coverings,
dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable toys, sport
ing goods, and from 1953 forward, water heaters, kitchen sinks, sink faucets,
and porch flooring.
* Includes solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefumishings, household paper,
electric light bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel (except shoe re
pairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet goods, nondurable
toys, newspapers, cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, and from 1953 forward,
house paint and paint brush.
4 Includes rent, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto insurance,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All com
modities
less food
Durable
commodi
ties 3
All items
less food
All
All services
services 4 less r e n t8
auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services, group hospitalization, barber and beauty shop services,
television repairs, motion picture admissions, and from 1953 forward, home
purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage interest, property insurance, repainting
garage, repainting rooms, reshingling roof, and refinishing floors.
8 Formerly all services less shelter for 1953 and later years; for definition of
services, see footnote 4.
N ote: Indexes from 1953 forward have been revised to reflect the distribu
tion of shelter items, formerly included in “all services and shelter” now en
titled “all services,” among the appropriate commodity and service classi
fications.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
473
D.—CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D -4.
Consumer Price Index ^ U n ite d States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Aver
age2
price,
Feb.
1959
Commodity
Cereals and bakery products: Unit Cents
54.8
Flour, w heat______ ______ 51b..
Biscuit mix 4............ ........ .20 0Z-. 26.8
12.9
Corn meal___ ____ ..................lb ..
18.5
Rice ____________ ............. . . l b . .
20.4
Rolled o a ts _______ ______18 oz_.
Com flakes_______ ........ -.12 oz__ 25.6
19.5
Bread____________ ..................lb ..
29.2
Soda crackers 4____ ............. . . l b . .
24.4
Vanilla cookies____ ..............7 oz._
Meats, noultrv. and fish:
Round steak__ ..................lb .. 107.1
65.5
Chuck roast___ .................lb ..
82.4
Rib roast_____ ................. lb ..
55.7
Hamburger___ ................. lb ..
Veal cutlets___ ________ lb .. 142.5
P ert
Pork chops, center c u t - .- lb .. 84.8
69.4
Bacon, sliced ... .................lb ..
64.9
Ham, whole___ ............. . . l b . .
73.9
Lamb, le g ............ ................. lb ..
Other meats:
65.3
Frankfurters 4. . ________ lb ..
Luncheon m e a t4. 12-oz ca n .. 52.0
Pnnltrv frvitlP' chickens
lb
43.5
"Fish
___________________
Fish, fresh or frozen..................... _____
47.7
■owMnnlr fillot frnrp.n
lb
60.2
Salmon, pink------ __16-oz. ca n .. 61.0
Tuna fish,chunk 4
6-6JÍ-0Z. ca n .. 33.6
Dairy products:
TV/TUlr froch irrOCATV
Homogenized, with vitam in D
24.1
M ilk fresh, delivered__ ___ _ __
Homogenized, with vitamin D
25 2
29.6
Ice cream 4 _______ ................. P t 74.5
Pnttp.r
______ ________ lb ..
58.2
Cheese. American process---- lb ..
M ilk evaporated... 14^-oz. ca n .. 15.2
A11 fruits and vegetables:
Priiion frnlt« çmd vegetables *
I_____10 oz__ 26.2
Oranee lulce concentrate 4_6 oz._ 25.4
Peas, green4. . __ ______10 oz__ 19.9
Beans, ereen 4 __ _______9 oz_. 22.9
Watermelons 918 ________ lb ..
Potatoes.. ____ ______10 lb ..
Sweet p ota to es... ............... .lb ..
Onions _______ ________ lb ..
C a r ro ts._______ ________ lb ..
"Lettuce_________ ______head..
Celery 10________ ________ lb ..
Cabbage________ ............... .lb ..
Tomatoes 4. ____ ________ lb ..
Beans, ereen____ ________ lb ..
13.2
17.1
61.3
19.1
11.8
(»)
(9)
(9)
(s)
54.5
14.0
11.7
14.4
19.5
13.8
9.9
32.2
31.0
Orange juice 4___ --46-OZ. can ..
P e a c h e s_______ ___ #2!/ i can ..
Pineapple______ ____ #2 can ..
Fruit cocktail4 .. ___ #303 can ..
Corn, cream style ___ #303 can ..
Peas, green_____ ___#303 can ..
Tomatoes_______ ___ #303 ca n ..
___ 414-5 oz__
B a h v fo o d s 4
47.2
35.9
35.8
27.7
18.9
20.8
15.8
10.1
________ lb ..
Prunes
Dried beans------- ________ lb ..
39.3
17.2
Apples_________ ..................lb ..
Bananas________ ........ .........lb ..
Oranges ______ _______doz__
Lemons 8. _____ ............... .lb ..
Grapefruit810___ ______each..
Peaches 912__ - ________ lb ..
Strawberries 9 14. . -------------pt...
See footnotes at end of table.
5 0 0 1 0 8 -5 9 -
-8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual
average
1958
1959
Feb.
Jan.
D ec.2 N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1958
1957
113.8
95.8
115.1
98.1
138.4
151.1
146.8
113.4
126.3
114.0
96.0
114.9
98.2
138.2
151.1
147.0
113. 7
126.2
113.9
96.0
115.2
98.1
138.4
151.0
147.1
113.8
126.3
113.6
95.9
116.1
97.7
138.4
150.9
147.2
113.8
126.6
113.4
95.9
116.6
97.7
138.3
150.5
147.1
113.8
126.6
113.6
95.9
116.6
98.0
138.0
150.2
146.1
114.0
126.6
114.0
95.7
116.3
98.1
138.0
150.0
144.6
113.6
126.5
114.6
95.8
115. 7
97.6
138.0
149.7
144.5
113.8
126.5
114.9
95.8
115.6
97.5
138.0
149.7
144.4
113.6
126.5
115.4
96.0
155.5
96.8
137.9
149.4
144.0
113.7
126.7
115. 4
95.9
115.4
96.3
137.9
149.0
143.8
113.6
126.8
115.1
96.0
116.3
95.9
137.7
148.5
143.7
113.4
127.7
114.7
96.0
115.2
95.8
137.5
147.6
143.7
113.6
127.6
113.4
95.8
113.3
93.5
134.9
136.1
141.0
112.4
127.3
118.3
124.0
129.8
118.0
123.5
114.5
153.3
104.4
116.5
95.0
99.3
107.4
120.2
123.0
129.3
116.0
123.8
114.3
149.7
108.7
121.9
98.6
103.3
109.6
119.9
121.0
127.0
114.4
121.8
112.5
146.9
109.4
122.5
99.6
103.6
112.3
120.0
120.5
126.9
113.1
121.6
112.0
146.2
110.2
124.8
101.2
101.6
112.6
121.4
120.2
126.4
112.9
121.3
111.7
146.0
113.7
126.9
107.9
102.0
112.4
122.5
119.5
125.4
112.6
122.2
110.8
145.9
116.8
128.6
113.7
102.8
111.9
124.3
119.8
125.8
113.0
122.4
110.9
145.1
120.3
130.1
118.2
106.7
111.6
125.4
122.3
128.5
117.4
124.3
112.6
144.7
120.7
132.2
116.5
107.1
113.1
124.2
122.6
128.8
118.2
124.5
112.3
145.3
118.3
131.8
112.4
106.1
112.6
122.0
121.7
128.4
116.9
124.5
110.9
144.3
115.0
125.4
110.4
104.7
111.8
121.5
121.5
128.4
118.5
123.9
109.1
143.1
114.7
125.3
109.2
105.5
113.4
118.8
117.9
125.2
115.4
121.5
103.3
142.4
112.6
123.0
105.8
105.5
112.4
116.7
114.8
122.7
110.2
120.4
100.7
140.4
111.3
121.7
105.9
102.3
113.2
114.4
95.9
115.6
97.1
137.9
149.4
145.0
113.7
126.9
r r121.0
119.6
126.3
114.1
122.4
108.8
143.9
114.4
126.2
108.7
104.2
£112.3
108.7
102.8
113.7
95.0
111.0
86.6
127.9
107.3
119.1
101.5
97.4
103.5
107.2
107.6
73.1
107.9
109.5
72.1
108.4
110.2
69.0
107.9
109.7
71.7
108.4
108.7
71.6
108.7
106. 7
74.1
110.1
105.1
77.6
109.6
104.2
81.5
108.6
103.4
81.9
106.5
101.6
81.7
105.2
99.7
80.1
102.9
98.4
83.5
100.2
98.1
79.7
106.3
103.6
77.5
93.1
93.1
78.4
120.9
126.9
121.0
126.3
119.9
123.9
119.6
123.1
119.0
122.0
118.2
121.1
117.8
120.1
117.6
119.9
117.1
119.4
117.6
120.4
117.6
120.4
117.1
119.7
115.4
116.6
117.6J 109.9
120. Of 107.6
126.8
127.8
128.5
128.4
129.0
129.8
131.7
131.5
131.3
131.3
131.2
131.1
131.0
130.4
94.9
96.1
93.3
130.1
96.7
97.5
97.9
98.2
98.0
96.6
96.2
95.9
95.3
95.2
95.3
95.0
120.9
120.8
121.3
121.7
121.2
120.7
119.1
118.2
117.0
117.1
118.3
120.5
121.2
119.8
117.6
124.6
125.1
125.7
126.1
126.0
125.4
123.9
122.6
121.6
121.7
122.4
125.2
125.8
124.4
122.1
98.3
94.3
109.5
111.5
97.9
94.5
109.6
111.4
98.2
94.1
109.3
111.3
98.3
94.2
109.2
111.1
98.4
94.6
109.3
111.3
98.4
94.4
109.1
111.2
98.4
93.0
109.2
111.1
98.0
93.0
109.4
111.2
98.3
93.0
109.5
111,1
98.3
93.1
109.5
110.9
98.4
93.5
109.9
111.1
98.2
94.8
110.0
110.8
98.4
94.8
109.8
110.5
98.3
93.9
109.5
111.0
97.4
94.0
109.3
107.2
114.6
81.6
138.3
102.1
104.7
120.6
116.6
106.0
132.7
103.1
117.0
(9)
(8)
(9)
(9)
102.6
125.0
137.9
113.7
136.4
94.9
143.3
114.7
146.3
116.0
150.6
114.8
116.0
106.9
111.8
98.6
108.9
103.3
124.0
162.6
90.7
119. 1
82.2
149.1
102.7
105.0
121.1
113.3
106.9
139.2
105.1
122.7
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
102.3
123.7
126.6
116.2
116.4
103.8
148.9
125.6
141.1
115. 6
149.0
113.8
115.5
106.5
110.1
99.4
110.1
103.2
123. 5
161.0
91.0
122.4
82.3
157.5
102.4
105.31
118.51
109.3“
110.8
151.6
101.8
125.4
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
97.5
118.5
111.1
111.0
126.6
103.1
112.0
109.0
105.3
115.0
147.4
112.0
114.7
105.7
109.0
99.9
110.8
103.1
123.2
157.6
92.7
122.6
81.9
157.9
102.2
105.7
120.3
103.2
114.2
179.2
100.5
138.0
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
95.3
114.0
107.4
108.4
114.2
98.6
99.5
99.8
104.3
114.6
146.6
111.4
114.1
104.7
108.1
100.1
111.2
102.9
121.9
151.9
94.1
122.2
81.1
157. 5
101.9
105.6
120.5
108.2
113.3
189.5
99.3
(9)
0
(9)
94.9
122.4
81.3
157.7
101.3
106.6
120.5
127.1
106.1
189.3
97.6
(9)
92.6
(9)
79.9
(9)
98.7
122.7
106.4
114.8
110.9
96.5
101.3
65.2
90.9
113.2
139.8
109.2
112.9
102.3
105.6
100.1
115.0
102.9
121.4
138.6
101.3
121.8
81.9
156.8
100.6
106.4
127.7
0
118.3
174.2
96.6
0
89.5
<9)
88.5
54.9
111.7
166.6
111.2
119.7
103.2
97.3
101.3
69.3
80.2
112.4
132.8
108.2
112.4
101. 4
104.8
100.2
119.8
102.8
120.4
137.8
100.3
121.0
82.0
155.2
100.2
106.3
139.5
0
103.2
173.8
97.1
<9)
104.1
(9)
110.9
69.6
127.4
165. 2
119. 9
118.0
111.6
116.4
111. 0
94.2
94.3
111. 5
125. 5
108.0
112.3
101.2
104.1
99.6
123. 7
102. 5
119. 6
137.5
99.3
119.8
82.4
152.2
99.8
106.4
144.0
193.3
104.2
165.4
98.9
(9)
(9)
76.7
(9)
101.6
128.7
159.5
123.0
113.9
106.4
127.1
126.3
101.7
93.9
110.6
121.1
107.6
112.1
100.9
103.7
99.5
124.2
102.2
118.5
137.0
97.9
116.2
82.6
143.2
99.5
106.6
150.0
157.7
103.8
160.9
102.9
149.3
(9)
95.2
(9)
(9)
144.1
158.4
132.9
108.4
145.8
147.0
152.3
157.8
125.0
109.5
117.5
107.9
111.8
100.8
104.0
99.4
121.0
101.7
117.3
137.2
95.9
115.5
82.5
141.5
99.5
106. 4
149.3
133.3
98.3
169.0
101.8
130.5
(9)
(9)
(9)
112.7
82.6
134.8
99.7
105.2
140.9
121.8
104.8
147.7
102.6
118.2
0
110.3 117.9
97.8
81.9
81.9
82.1
129.4 147.3
99.4
100.4 100.7 100.9
103.1 105.5
99.2
131.4 132.6 123.7
117.6 «128.6 7140. 8
106.9 107.4 107.7
142.2 165.0 126.2
101.8 100.4 103.0
116.4 U128. 6 44111.3
42 95. 4 43109. 9
0
42 86.0 42 80. 7
0
49 93. 6 47 90.6
0
42 75. 4 42 87. 5
0
115.7 118.3 107.9
138.3 140.8 131.0
105.5 117.7 111.9
123.7 115.7 117.1
113.0 121.1 121. &
108.4 110.7 104.1
165.5 129.8 125.9>
145.8 114.2 105.1
110.5 117.7
0
106.5 110.8 106.®
111.1 126.8 113.2
109.1 109.2 110.4
111.0 112.4 110.2
100.8 101.9 100.3
103.9 105.1 102.2
100.9 100.1 102.1
107.9 115.3 103.4
102.0 102.4 102.6
112.3 118.2 111.5
136.1 140.6 140.3
89.0
95.3
85.2
0
93.3
111.5
105.5
110.1
126.8
90.2
101.8
76.4
104.2
114.1
144.3
110.2
113.1
103.5
106.8
100.2
113.3
102.9
121.5
144.5
97.9
0
155.9
152.9
159.7
106.2
135.5
132.4
160.9
163.8
136.3
108.6
114.4
108.4
111.7
100.7
103.7
99.7
118.2
101.8
116.4
137.0
94.8
0
0
0
138.4
147.6
128.7
119.3
140.7
109.7
174.1
148.6
0
107.4
111.9
109.5
111.4
100.6
103.6
100.6
112.2
102.2
113.9
136.1
91.4
474
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , APRIL 1959
T able D -4 .
Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods—Continued
Avera g e3
price,
Feb.
1959
Commodity
Other foods at home:
Unit
Partially prepared foods:
Soup, tom ato4____U-oz. can..
Beans with pork 4_—16-oz. can—
Condiments and sauces:
Pickles, sliced 4 ______ ..15 o z ..
Catsup, tomato 4____ -.14 o z ..
Beverages_____________
Coffee— ____________
Tea bags 4„ ........ package of 16..
Coladrink 4. . . ..carton, 36o z ..
Fats and oils
Shortening, hydrogenated
3-lb. ca n ..
Margarine, colored___ ____lb ..
Lard__________ _____ ____lb ..
Salad dressing---------- -----p t Peanut bu tter4______ ____lb ..
Sugar and sweets______
S u gar............................. ..5 lb s..
Corn syrup 4.............. —24 oz..
Grape je lly 4_________ - 1 2 o z ..
Chocolate bar 4. . .......... . . 1 o z..
Eggs, grade A, large......... —-doz._
Miscellaneous foods:
Gelatin, flavored4____ .3-4 o z..
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
1959
1958
Annual
average
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.8 N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1958
1957
99.7
106.8
99.5
106.8
99.2
106.9
99.1
107.1
99.3
107.3
99.3
106.7
99.9
106.5
100.5
106.5
100.3
106.4
100.4
106.7
100.3
106.6
100.1
106.3
100.0
105.9
99.8
106.5
99.0
103.9
99.6
99.7
165.0
145.0
125.0
125.1
83.7
100.2
99.4
168.9
150.2
125.0
125.4
84.9
99.8
99.3
171.4
153.9
124.9
125.2
85.4
99.5
98.8
173.8
157.8
124.4
124. 4
85.4
99.5
98.7
174.1
158.4
124.7
123.8
85.5
99.6
97.9
174.7
159.2
124.5
123.8
85.6
99.9
97.2
178.2
164.4
124.4
123.1
85.8
99.8
96.9
179.9
167.3
124.5
121.9
85.8
99.9
96.4
180.9
168.9
124.3
121.7
85.9
100.0
96.1
181.2
169.9
124.2
120.7
86.2
100.6
96.4
182.5
171.6
124.2
120.8
86.2
100.8
96.3
183.4
172.9
124.2
120.7
86.1
100.4
97.4
184 7
175.0
124.0
120.3
85.8
100.0
97.5
179.1
166.2
124.3
122.2
85.8
100.0
99.2
1Q2 7
187] 4
122.9
118.1
86.8
56.7
26.4
28.1
5.2
55.8
85.6
75.7
78.6
100. 6
114.4
120.1
118.4
112.5
117.4
114.2
80.0
87.8
76.0
81.7
100.6
114.6
120.1
118.4
112.2
117.4
114.1
83.3
88.4
76.2
83.4
100.9
115. 4
120.0
118.4
112.1
116.6
114.3
84.4
82.2
76.0
84.3
100.8
13 5.7
120.0
118.3
111.9
116.4
114.2
89.9
88.1
76.1
84.7
100.8
115.7
120.0
118. 4
111.5
116.8
114.4
91.4
88.2
76.3
85.2
100.7
115.9
119.9
118.3
111.3
116.4
114.3
98.5
89.2
76.2
84.4
100.9
115.4
119.8
118.4
110.9
116.3
114.2
87.2
89.9
76.5
83.3
100.7
113.7
119.6
118.1
110.7
116.2
114.2
82.5
89.9
77.3
83.1
100.8
112.5
119.2
117.6
110.5
115.9
113.8
78.9
90.9
77.7
82.7
101.0
111.5
118.4
116.2
110.2
115.7
113.2
81.1
91.0
78.0
82.6
100.6
111.0
117.1
115.9
109.7
115.9
109.6
84.5
90.5
78.0
82.6
101.0
110.9
113. 9
115.6
108.7
115. 9
100.7
90.6
90.1
77.7
82.0
100.8
110.5
113. 6
115.6
107.9
115.3
100.4
81.4
89.7
77.0
83.4
100.8
113.2
117 9
117.2
110.2
116.1
110.3
86.5
93.1
78.5
83.8
99.2
109.8
112 8
114.6
106.0
114. 5
100.4
82.2
9.2
106.9
106.4
105. 7
104.7
104.3
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.6
104.3
104.1
104.0
104.1
104.4
103.0
Cents
12.5
15.1
26.5
22.6
( 19)
24.1
28.3
90.0
28.8
21. 3
37.8
56.0
1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
2 Based on prices in the 46 cities used in compiling the Consumer Price
Index. Average prices for each of the 20 large cities listed in table D -5 are
available upon request.
a Prices collected 1 week earlier than the week containing the 15th as usual.
4 December 1952=100.
6N ot available.
6 10 months’ average.
1 11 months’ average.
8 M ay 1953=100.
8 Priced only in season.
10 January 1953=100.
T able D -5 .
11 7 months’ average.
22 July 1953=100.
18 3 months’ average.
» April 1953=100.
15 2 months’ average.
16 4 months’ average,
n 5 months’ average,
is June 1953=100.
i0 Price of 1-lb. can, 80.5 cents. Price of 1-lb. bag, 62.3 cents (priced only in
chain stores and large supermarkets).
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Consumer Price Index l-—A ll items indexes, by city
[1947-49=100]
1958
1959
Annual average
City
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1958
1957
United States city average *.
123.7
123.8
123.7
123.9
123.7
123.7
123.7
123.9
123.7
123.6
123.5
123.3
122.5
123.5
120.2
Atlanta, Ga..............................
Baltimore, M d_____ ______
Boston, M a s s ...................... .
Chicago, 111______________
Cincinnati, Ohio__________
Cleveland, Ohio__________
Detroit, M ich..........................
Houston, Tex...................—
Kansas City, M o.............. .
Los Angeles, Calif................ _
Minneapolis, M inn................
New York, N .Y ......................
Philadelphia, Pa__________
Pittsburgh, P a .................... —
Portland, Oreg........................
St. Louis, M o..........................
San Francisco, Calif_______
Scranton, Pa_____________
Seattle, W ash_____________
Washington, D.O.................
0
0
0
127.1
(3)
(8)
125.4
127.1
(3)
(3)
123.3
(3)
124.5
126.2
125.3
121.8
123.4
124.4
124.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
124.4
125.5
(3)
(5)
(3)
127.4
(3)
124.5
123.4
124.2
(3)
126.1
(3)
121.7
123.5
(3)
«
(3)
(3)
120.7
126.0
121.5
(3)
(3)
125.4
127.3
(3)
(3)
123.3
(3)
124.9
125.6
124.5
121.5
123.3
124.5
124.5
124.6
124.8
(3)
127.4
122.5
(3)
123.8
(3)
(3)
125.6
(3)
121.4
123.4
(3)
(3)
125.3
128.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
126.9
(3)
125.1
123.7
124.0
(3)
125.2
(3)
(3)
125.4
127.6
(3)
(3)
124.3
(3)
124.8
125.4
124.9
121.1
123.3
124.7
124.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
124.9
124.8
(3)
127.5
122.7
(3)
124.2
(3)
«
125.1
0
0
0
127.0
0
125.2
(3)
121.0
123.0
122.9
124.5
124.5
124.8
127.0
122.3
124.8
123.9
123.6
124.1
125.2
124.3
121.1
123.1
124.0
124.4
124.7
127.5
120.2
125. 8
121.1
121.4
121.0
121.2
123.3
119.6
122.1
122.2
121.5
121.1
121.2
121.1
117.6
120.8
120.2
121.7
121.2
123.1
116.9
123 1
118.3
(3)
124.8
123.3
124.1
(3)
126.3
(3)
121.7
123.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.3
126.9
121.3
0
127.0
122.4
(3)
123.3
(3)
(3)
126.2
(*)
121.3
123.5
(3)
0
125.7
127.9
(3)
0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1 See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l. Indexes measure time-to-time
changes in prices of goods and services pm-chased by urban wage-earner and
clerical-worker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live
in one city than in another.
2 Average of 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(3)
121.1
123.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
120.4
126.3
121.2
0
0
124. 5
128.0
0
0
0
125.0
124.3
123.7
0
0
121.1
0
0
0
0
120.7
126.1
121.3
0
0
124. 5
127.0
0
0
124.4
0
123.7
125.6
124.1
121.2
122.9
123.8
125.0
0
0
0
0
0
124.9
124.1
0
126.8
122.3
0
0
0
125.0
0
121.2
124.2
123.1
0
0
124.5
126.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
126.2
0
124.5
123.7
122.3
0
0
120.3
124.1
122.3
0
0
0
0
119.1
125.0
120.3
3 Indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every 3 months on a
rotating cycle for 15 other cities.
S ource: U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
475
D.— CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D-6.
Consumer Price Index 1—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49=100]
City
Total food at home
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Feb.
1958
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Cereals and bakery products
Feb.
1958
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Meats poultry, and flsb
Feb.
1958
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Feb.
1958
United States city average *...
118.2
119.0
118.7
116.1
117.1
117.2
133.8
133.9
132.6
112.6
113.8
112.0
Atlanta, Ga............... ..................
Baltimore, M d_____________
Boston, Mass_________ _____
Chicago, 111.. ______________
Cincinnati, Ohio____________
115.5
117.4
118.8
115.2
119.1
116. 2
118.8
118.7
115.7
120.2
116.7
119.4
117.8
116.2
120.0
113.9
114.1
115.9
112.6
116.5
115.1
115.9
116.0
113. 2
117.9
116.0
116.3
116.0
113.9
118.6
125.2
128.3
132.8
123.1
133.8
125.0
128.7
132.5
123.3
133.5
126.5
128.3
130.9
124.9
132.2
113.8
110.9
114.9
105.2
111.1
115.9
113.0
115.4
105.6
112.4
114.2
111.3
111.3
105.0
113.1
Cleveland, Ohio____________
Detroit, M ich________ ______
Houston, Tex_____ _____ ___
Kansas Citv, M o___________
Los Angeles, Calif____ ____ _
114.3
117.7
116.0
112.1
123.8
115.1
118.6
116.4
113.4
124.1
116.0
120.2
116.3
114.5
121.4
111.9
115.2
114.2
109.5
119.8
112.9
116.4
114.8
111.0
120.3
114.2
118.2
114.7
112.7
118.2
129.2
125.1
126.1
127.4
145.9
129.2
125.3
126.0
127.5
144.9
129.6
125.8
126.7
127.8
139.8
106.1
108.1
108.5
106.2
112.9
107.3
109.0
109.5
108.8
115. 2
107.1
108.7
109.2
109.8
112.8
Minneapolis, M inn_________
New York, N .Y . .. ......... ...........
Philadelphia, P a____________
Pittsburgh, P a _____ ________
Portland, O reg _____________
117.7
119.9
120.8
119.8
120.3
118.3
120. 7
121.7
120.6
120.9
117.7
119.1
121.7
120.4
118.2
114.7
117.6
118.1
118.5
118.4
115.5
118.6
119.2
119.4
119.4
116.6
117. 5
119.4
119.3
117.0
134.3
142.5
138.8
133.1
140.3
134.5
142.4
139.4
133.2
140.4
134.5
137.2
133.7
130.9
135.1
107.4
115.1
113.9
112.5
116.4
108.6
116.2
115.6
113.7
118.4
107.3
112.6
113.7
111.2
113.5
St. Louis, M o............. ................
San Francisco, Calif____ ____
Scranton, P a _______________
Seattle, Wash_______________
Washington, D .O ......................
119.2
122.7
115.8
119.9
118.8
120.2
123.0
116.4
121.1
120.1
119.4
121.3
116.6
118.9
120.0
114.7
121.1
115.3
118.3
116.3
115.8
121.4
116.0
119.8
118.0
115.6
119.6
116.6
118.3
118.1
125.0
147.2
135.6
145.5
132.1
125.0
147.3
135.6
146.1
132.2
125.6
141.0
135.0
141.6
131.6
108.0
117.0
113.6
113.5
112.6
110.0
117.9
114.6
114.9
115.2
108.2
116.1
113.0
111.4
111.3
Food at home—Continued
City
Dairy products
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Fruits and vegetables
Feb.
1958
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Other foods at home 1
Feb.
1958
Feb.
1959
Jan.
1959
Feb.
1958
United States city average s.
114.0
114.1
114.5
121.2
121.7
124.4
108.1
109.9
111.3
Atlanta, Ga.................... .........
Baltimore, M d____________
Boston, M ass_____________
Chicago, 111_______________
Cincinnati, Ohio__________
113.7
117.1
115.7
112.8
116.4
114.0
117. 2
115.7
112.8
116.4
114.3
117.3
117.9
112.5
117.5
121.6
114.3
119.1
119.6
121.6
124.2
116. 8
117.4
120.2
124.0
128.4
120.7
118.7
123.2
125.5
102.5
107.0
102.2
113.3
111.3
103.2
109.3
102.9
114.9
114.1
104.9
111.0
106.9
116.3
114.4
Cleveland, Ohio......................
Detroit, M ich_____ _____
Houston, T e x .........................
Kansas City, M o....................
Los Angeles, Calif..................
110.3
109.0
113.7
107.9
110.5
110.4
111.5
111.7
108.1
110.0
110.7
113.3
112.7
111.7
110.1
111.4
129.8
124.8
112.1
132.7
112.3
129.6
124.7
113.6
131.9
118.4
135.5
121.4
116.1
125.4
110.8
108.4
106.8
101.9
110.1
112.7
110.3
109. 2
103.6
110.9
113.8
112.5
110.4
104.7
112.4
Minneapolis, M inn_______
New York, N .Y ......................
Philadelphia, P a............... .
Pittsburgh, P a........................
Portland, Oreg...................... .
104.7
118.0
119.0
117.2
117.3
104.7
118. 2
118.9
117.1
117.4
107.7
116.6
119.9
117.2
117.1
125.9
117.8
121.3
120.4
119.3
125.0
118.5
121.5
121.9
120.1
129.4
121.2
125.3
124.8
116.7
114.2
106.2
106.2
117.5
109.8
116.3
108.5
108.2
118.8
110.9
117.6
110.6
111.0
121.3
111.9
St. Louis, M o_____________
San Francisco, Calif...............
Scranton, Pa______________
Seattle, Wash_____________
Washington, D .O _________
105.6
116.9
113.3
115.4
117.6
105.5
116.8
113.4
115.4
118.4
103.1
116.5
113.7
118.5
119.5
127.3
130.0
115.7
126.2
116.5
127.4
129.6
113.8
129.0
118.4
130.3
126.1
117.9
126.0
123.9
115.2
109.0
104.6
106.0
108.9
117.4
109.6
107.4
108.1
110.9
118.6
109.7
109.2
108.3
111.7
See footnote 1, table D -l.
8ee footnote 2, table D-2,
Average of 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
See footnotes, table D -2.
Source: U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW , A PR IL 1959
476
T able D -7 .
I n d e x e s o f w h o le s a le p r ic e s , b y m a jo r g r o u p s 1
Farm products
Processed foods
All commodities
other than farm
and foods
Textile products
and apparel
H id e s , s k in s ,
le a t h e r , an d
leather products
Fuel, power, and
lighting mate
rials
Chemicals and
allied products
Rubber and rub
ber products
L u m b e r and
wood products
Pulp, paper, and
allied products
M etals and metal
products
Machinery and
m otive products
F u r n itu r e and
o th e r h o u s e
hold durables
Nonmetallic m in
e r a ls —s t r u c
tural
Tobacco manu
factures
and
bottled bever
ages
1947:Average.
1948:Average.
1949:Average_
1950: Average'
1951 ¡Average.
1952:Average_
1953:Average.
1954:Average_
1955:Average_
1956 ¡Average.
1957:Averaga
96.4
104.4
99.2
103.1
114.8
111.6
110.1
110.3
110.7
114.3
117.6
100.0
107.3
92.8
97.5
113.4
107.0
97.0
95.6
89.6
88.4
90.9
98.2
106.1
95.7
99.8
111.4
108.8
104.6
105.3
101.7
101.7
105.6
95.3
103.4
101.3
105.0
115.9
113.2
114.0
114.5
117.0
122.2
125.6
100.1
104.4
95.5
99.2
110.6
99.8
97.3
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
101.0
102.1
96.9
104.6
120.3
97.2
98.5
94.2
93.8
99.3
99.4
90.9
107.1
101.9
103.0
106.7
106.6
109.5
108.1
107.9
111.2
117.2
101.4
103.8
94.8
96.3
110.0
104.5
105. 7
107.0
106.6
107.2
109.5
99.0
102.1
98.9
120.5
148.0
134.0
125.0
126.9
143.8
145.8
145.2
93.7
107.2
99.2
113.9
123.9
120.3
120.2
118.0
123.6
125.4
119.0
98.6
102.9
98.5
100.9
119.6
116.5
116.1
116.3
119.3
127.2
129.6
91.3
103.9
104.8
110.3
122.8
123.0
126.9
128.0
136.6
148.4
151.2
92.5
100.9
106.6
108.6
119.0
121.5
123.0
124.6
128.4
137.8
146.1
95.6
101.4
103.1
105.3
114.1
112.0
114.2
115.4
115.9
119.1
122.2
93.9
101.7
104.4
106.9
113.6
113.6
118.2
120.9
124.2
129.6
134.6
97.2
100.5
102.3
103.5
109.4
111.8
115.7
120.6
121.6
122.3
126.1
100.8
103.1
96.1
96.6
104.9
108.3
97.8
102.5
92.0
91.0
89.6
1955:
J a n u a ry ...
February..
March___
April____
M ay_____
June_____
J u ly ..........
A u g u s t....
September.
O cto b er...
November.
December.
110.1
110.4
110.0
110.5
109.9
110.3
110.5
110.9
111.7
111.6
111.2
111.3
92.5
93.1
92.1
94.2
91.2
91.8
89.5
88.1
89.3
86.8
84.1
82.9
103.8
103.2
101.6
102.5
102.1
103.9
103.1
101.9
101.5
100.2
98.8
98.2
115.2
115.7
115.6
115.7
115.5
115.6
116.5
117.5
118.5
119.0
119.4
119.8
95.2
95.2
95.3
95.0
95.0
95.2
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.6
95.6
91.9
92.3
92.2
93.2
92.9
92.9
93.7
93.8
94.0
95.3
96.4
96.7
108.5
108.7
108.5
107.4
107.0
106.8
106.4
107.2
108.0
108.0
108.6
109.3
107.1
107.1
106.8
107.1
106.8
106.8
106.0
105.9
106.0
106.5
106.6
106.6
136.8
140.6
138.0
138.3
138.0
140.3
143.4
148.7
151.7
147.8
150.6
151.0
120.3
121.2
121.4
122.4
123.5
123.7
124.1
125.1
125.7
125.4
125.0
125.1
116.3
116.6
116.8
117.4
117.7
118.3
119.0
119.7
120.5
122.8
123.2
123.6
130.1
131.5
131.9
132.9
132.5
132.6
136.7
139.5
141.9
142.4
142.9
143.9
125.8
126.1
126.1
126.3
126.7
127.1
127.5
128.5
130.0
131.4
132.5
133.0
115.5
115.4
115.1
115.1
115.1
115.2
115.5
116.0
116.4
116.9
117.2
117.3
122.0
121.8
121.9
122.3
123.2
123.7
125.3
126.1
126.4
126.8
125.2
125.4
121.4
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
97.0
97.1
95.6
94.0
91.3
89.1
90.8
89.8
90.3
91.5
88.0
88.8
1956:
January__
February..
March___
April..........
M ay_____
June_____
J u ly ..........
August___
September.
October__
November.
December.
111.9
112.4
112.8
113.6
114.4
114.2
114.0
114.7
115.5
115.6
115.9
116.3
84.1
86.0
86.6
88.0
90.9
91.2
90.0
89.1
90.1
88.4
87.9
88.9
98.3
99.0
99.2
100.4
102.4
102.3
102.2
102.6
104.0
103.6
103.6
103.1
120.4
120.6
121.0
121.6
121.7
121.5
121.4
122.5
123.1
123.6
124.2
124.7
95.7
96.0
95.9
95.1
94.9
94.9
94.9
94.8
94.8
95.3
95.4
95.6
96.7
97.1
97.7
100.6
100.0
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.2
99.7
99.8
99.2
111.0
111.2
110.9
110.6
110.8
110.5
110.7
110.9
111.1
111.7
111. 2
114.0
106.3
106.4
106.5
106.9
106.9
107.1
107.3
107.3
107.1
107.7
108.2
108.3
148.4
147.1
146.2
145.0
143.5
142.8
143.3
146.9
145.7
145.8
146.9
147.9
126.3
126.7
128.0
128.5
128.0
127.3
126.6
125.2
123.6
122.0
121.5
121.0
124.8
125.4
126.8
127.4
127.3
127.4
127.7
127.9
127.9
128.1
127.8
128.0
145.1
145.1
146.5
147.7
146.8
145.8
144.9
150.2
151.9
152.2
152.1
152.3
133.3
133.9
134.7
135.7
136.5
136.8
136.9
137.7
139.7
141.1
143.4
143.6
118.0
118.2
118.1
118.0
118.0
118.1
118.3
119.1
119.7
121.0
121.1
121.2
127.0
127.1
127.9
128.6
128.6
128.9
130.6
130.8
131.1
131.5
131.2
131.3
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.7
121.6
121.6
121.7
122.5
122.8
123.1
123.5
123.6
89.6
88.7
88.2
92.1
96.1
92.9
91.3
91.1
89.9
89.2
91.2
91.7
1957:
J an u ary...
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June...........
July______
August___
September.
October__
November.
December.
116.9
117.0
116.9
117.2
117.1
117.4
118.2
118.4
118.0
117.8
118.1
118.5
89.3
88.8
88.8
90.6
89.5
90.9
92.8
93.0
91.0
91.5
91.9
92.6
104.3
103. ¡9
103.7
104.3
104.9
106.1
107.2
106.8
106.5
105.5
106.5
107.4
125.2
125.5
125.4
125.4
125.2
125.2
125.7
126.0
126.0
125.8
125.9
126.1
95.8
95.7
95.4
95.3
95.4
95.5
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.1
95.0
94.9
98.4
98.0
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.8
100.6
100.3
100.0
100.1
100.0
99.5
116.3
119.6
119.2
119.5
118.5
117.2
116.4
116.3
116.1
115.8
115.7
116.2
108.7
108.8
108.8
109.1
109.1
109.3
109.5
109.8
110.2
110.4
110.3
110.6
145.0
143.9
144.3
144.5
144.7
145.1
144.9
146.9
146.5
146.2
144.7
145.7
121.3
120.7
120.1
120.2
119.7
119.7
119.3
118.6
117.8
117.3
116.9
116.3
128.6
128.5
128.7
128.6
128.9
128.9
129.5
129.9
130.1
130.9
130.9
131.0
152.2
151.4
151.0
150.1
150.0
150.6
152.4
153.2
152.2
150.8
150.4
150.5
143.9
144.5
144.8
145.0
145.1
145.2
145.8
146.2
146.9
147.7
149.2
149.4
121.9
121.9
121.9
121.5
121.6
121.7
122.2
122.4
122.3
122.6
122.7
123.5
132.0
132.7
133.2
134.6
135.0
135.1
135.2
135.3
135.2
135.3
135.4
135.7
124.0
124.1
124.1
124.6
124.5
124.7
127.7
127.7
127.7
127. 7
127.8
128.0
93.2
92.4
92.0
91.4
89.4
87.3
88.8
90.1
89.4
87.7
86.8
87.2
1958:
J a n u a ry ...
February..
March___
April_____
M ay_____
June_____
July--------A ugust___
September.
October__
November..
December-
118.9
119.0
119.7
119.3
119.6
119.2
119.2
119.1
119.1
119.0
119.2
119.2
93.7
96.1
100.5
97.7
98.5
95.6
95.0
93.2
93.1
92.3
92.1
90.6
109.5
109.9
110.7
111.5
112.9
113.5
112.7
111.3
111.1
110.0
109.5
108.8
126.1
125.7
125.7
125.5
125.3
125.3
125.6
126.1
126.2
126.4
126.8
127.2
94.6
94.1
94.0
93.7
93.5
93.3
93.3
93.3
93.3
93.2
93.1
93.3
99.5
99.6
99.5
99.7
99.9
100.3
100.3
100. 5
100.2
101.4
102.3
103.6
116.1
113.6
112.4
111.0
110.3
110.7
111.9
113.7
114.1
113.0
112.6
112.9
110.8
110.6
110.7
111.0
110.8
110.7
110.4
110.0
109.9
110.2
110.2
110.0
145.1
144.6
144.6
144.5
143.8
144.2
144.7
144.4
145.2
146.1
146.6
146.3
116.3
115.8
115.5
115.7
115.9
116.4
116.8
118.6
120.4
120.8
120.0
119.8
130.8
130.8
130.5
130.5
130.5
130.5
131.0
131.0
131.7
131.9
131.9
131.3
150.0
150.1
149.8
148.6
148.6
148.8
148.8
150.8
151.3
152.2
153.0
153.0
149.4
149.3
149.2
149.4
149.4
149.5
149.5
149.5
149.4
149.9
151.2
151.5
123.8
123.6
123.5
123.4
123.2
123.0
123.2
123.0
123.0
123.0
122.7
122.8
136.4
136.5
135.3
135.4
135.4
135.2
135.3
135.2
136.7
136.7
136.7
136.9
128.1
128.1
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.0
128.8
128.7
128.6
88.3
89.3
94.3
97.8
96.2
93.7
97.2
95.6
92.5
91.2
93.2
100.9
1959:
January__
February2.
119.5
119.5
91.5
91.1
3108.7
107.6
127.5
127.7
93.3
93.7
« 104.1
105.4
113.9
114.8
110.2
109.9
3 146.0
146.1
3120.5
122.1
131.5
131.7
2 152.9
153.4
151.8
152.0
2 123. 3 2 137.2
123.4
137.5
128.6
128.9
2 100.8
98.5
1 As of January 1958, new weight factors reflecting 1954 values were intro
duced into the index. Technical details furnished upon request to the
Bureau.
2 Preliminary.
* Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M isc e lla n e o u s
products
Year and
month
All commodities
[1947-49=100]
’ N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S otjece: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D.— CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
T able D -8 .
477
Indexes of wholesale prices, b y group and subgroup of com m odities 1
[1947-40=100, unless otherwise specified]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Commodity group
Feb.2
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr,
119.5
119.5
119.2
119.2
119.0
119.1
119.1
119.2
119.2
119.5
91.5
Farm products_________________________ 91.1
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables___ 105.9 102.5
76.1
77.0
Grains_____________ _____ _______ _____
90.3
Livestock and live poultry.......................... 88.4
99.4
Plant and animal fibers----------------- . ----- 99.1
95.7
Fluid milk_____ ____ _________________ 95.5
69.3
72.5
76.4
Hay, hayseeds, and oil seeds....................... 78.0
Other farm products__________________ 134.8 2134. 5
90.6
99.2
76.1
87.6
99.6
96.2
77.7
75.0
136.4
92.1
98.1
75.3
90.1
100.6
96.6
86.5
74.0
137.7
92.3
101.5
76.8
88.4
100.7
96.2
91.1
73.3
138.8
93.1
97.9
76.1
91.5
101.1
95.8
98.6
72.2
137.3
93.2
97.2
77.3
94.0
101.8
93.5
81.5
75.9
139.5
95.0
106.3
79.8
96.7
101.8
92.0
76.1
76.2
139.9
95.6
102.0
81.3
98.8
101.9
90.2
74.9
79.3
141.4
98.5
122.0
84.2
99.8
101.6
90.5
75.7
79.7
142.0
109.5 110.0 111.1 111.3 112. 7 113.5 112.9
118.0 118.2 117.8 116.9 117. 5 118.5 117.9
102.5 103.5 107.1 108.2 112.1 114.1 112.8
3 113.4 3113.5 3113.7 3112.2 2 111. 4 3110. 9 3110.6
112.9 112.1 111.4 111.8 1 11. 3 110.3 108.2
116.3 116.7 116.5 116.0 116.4 116.4 115.5
161.2 161.2 161.2 161.2 165. 2 168.4 168.4
72.7
80.4
74.1
73.4
74.7
68.2
75.4
63.9
55.3
56.6
58.8
57.5
56.1
57.0
70.9
64.5
67.5
70.0
63.4
67.5
63.8
85.2
79.4
81.3
81.6
82.6
83.2
80.4
96.9
96.5
97.4
96.7
97.1
96.9
97.0
All commodities_____________ ____ ______
Processed foods_________________________
Cereal and bakery products.........................
Meats, poultry, and fish_____________ _
Dairy products and ice cream. ------------Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables..
Sugar and confectionery_______________
Packaged beverage materials----------------Animal fats and oils.......................................
Crude vegetable oils___________________
Refined vegetable oils-------------------------Vegetable oil end products_____________
Other processed foods------------------------ -
107.6 3108.7 108.8
117.7 117.5 117.4
100.9 103.3 101.4
113.0 3113.0 3113. 5
110.6 110.8 113.0
113.8 115.3 117.0
149.7 3154.0 157.9
57.9
57.1
60.7
53.6 3 53.9
54.1
59.3
59.8
63.8
75.0
76.8
76.8
97.2
96.2 3 96.8
Feb.
1957
1956
119.3
119.7
119.0
117.6
114.3
97.7
129.2
85.7
94.5
101.4
91.7
77.1
79.9
142.3
100.5
142.5
82.2
95.8
101.7
95.7
93.6
79.4
143.4
96.1
127.0
79.9
91.1
102.8
98.0
74.2
79.0
142.2
90.9
103.6
84.1
80.2
104.0
96.0
77.2
82.0
144.6
88.4
104.2
87.0
71.3
102.8
94.5
81.9
82.6
146.9
111.5
118.4
10&5
111.4
107.6
114.3
168.4
72.3
64.1
70.9
85.1
97.1
110.7
117.8
105.9
113.4
106.8
113.1
168.4
73.7
63.6
70.9
85.8
96.4
109.9
118.1
102.7
114.2
105.7
114.2
173.3
70.4
66.4
70.9
86.3
95.2
105.6
116.9
91.9
111.7
103.9
113.4
183.1
75.6
65.7
70.1
86.1
95.5
101.7
115.2
81.6
108.6
107.9
109.8
192.7
69.8
68.5
73.4
85.3
96.8
125.3
125.3
125.5
125.7
125.7
125.6
122.2
123.3
123.1
123.1
123.0
123.0
122.9
122.1
118.6
93.3
87.4
100. 5
80.1
116.2
99.3
74.8
93.3
87.6
101.3
80.4
109.9
99.1
73.6
93.5
88.3
100.5
80.3
116.1
99.1
75.4
93.7
88.5
101.6
80.5
116.5
99.2
75.4
94.0
89.0
102.8
81.0
116.1
99.3
73.8
94.1
89.3
103.8
81.2
117.5
99.2
74.2
95.4
90.7
109.5
82.0
122.1
99.6
76.4
95.3
93.0
103.7
81.4
121.9
99.6
72.8
100.5
60.4
91.5
121.8
96.8
m 3
58.1
91.5
121.8
97.1
100.3
57.0
91.8
121.8
97.3
99.9
55.4
91.1
121.8
97.3
99.7
53.3
91.1
121.7
97.6
99.5
51.2
91.0
121.9
97.5
99.6
61.2
90.6
122.0
98.5
99.4
55.2
90.2
121.1
98.0
99.3
59.2
91.2
119.3
98.6
114.1
122.7
161.9
104.1
100. 8
119.7
113.7
121.9
161.9
102.0
100.8
119.2
111.9
121.1
161.9
97.9
100.1
117.1
110.7
120.3
161.9
97.4
100.1
115.3
110.3
119.7
161.9
98.3
100.0
114.7
111.0
119.8
161.9
98.1
100.0
115.8
112.4
126.2
161.9
101.1
100.1
117.0
113.6
126.2
161.9
101.5
100.1
118.9
117.2
124.4
161.7
(#>
(5)
127.0
111.2
114.5
149.7
(«)
(')
118.2
109.9 110.2 110.0 110.2 110.2 109.9
123.7 124.0 123.7 123.6 123.6 122.7
128.4 128.2 128.2 128.2 128.2 128.2
101.4 3102. 5 102.8 102.7 102.8 102.9
93.1
94.4
93.0
93.2
93.2
93.9
58.9 3 59. 9
61.7
61.5
62.6
64.7
109.5 3109. 6 3109. 4 3109.8 3109. 5 3109. 7
107.5 3107. 6 105.3 105.2 106.3 104.3
106.5 106.7 106.2 106.6 106.6 106.8
110.0
122.8
128.2
103.3
94.4
62.5
110.8
104.4
106.4
110.4
123.1
128.2
103.4
94.4
62.5
111.1
108.0
107.0
110.7
123.5
128.2
103.4
94.5
61.9
111.2
110.3
107.4
110.8
123.9
128.4
103.9
94.3
61.5
111.2
110.3
107.2
111.0
124.3
128.4
104.0
94.1
62.2
111.4
110.3
107.2
110.7
123.7
128.4
104.4
94.0
64.2
111.3
110.3
106.8
110.6
123.6
128.4
104.7
93.6
62.9
111.6
110.4
106.9
109.5
123.5
126.3
100.5
93.3
61.4
110.0
106.8
105.7
107.2
121.4
120.0
99.6
92.1
56.2
108.7
108.4
103.2
All commodities other than farm and foods. 127.7
127.5
124.2
124.2
124.0
Textile products and apparel— ................... 93.7
89.6
Cotton products______________________
97.5
Wool produ cts_________ ___________ _
79.8
Manmade fiber textile products.. ------109.3
Silk products_________________________
Apparel. _________ _________________ 99.3
Other textile products................................... 78.0
93.3
88.7
97.4
79.3
104.7
99.3
76.7
93.3
88.6
97.5
79.4
105.1
99.3
75.9
Hides, skins, leather, and leather products.
Hides and skins____________ _____ ___
Leather. ____________________________
Footwear_____________________________
Other leather products__________ ______
105.4 3104.1
73.0
68.7
101.0
99.3
123.3 123.2
100.7 3 99.2
Fuel, power, and lighting materials---------C o a l___ I........................................ - ..............
Coke.
________________ __________
Gas fuels i____________________________
Electric power 4_______________________
Petroleum and products...............................
114.8 113.9
126.2 125.3
170.4 163.1
112.1 3112.7
100.8 100.7
119.5 118.2
Chemicals and allied products___________
Industrial chemicals___________________
Prepared paint_______________________
Paint materials_________ ____________
Drugs and pharmaceuticals.........................
Fats and oils, inedible-------------------------Mixed fertilizer_____________ ________
Fertilizer materials____________________
Other chemicals and allied products-------
All commodities except farm products____
Mar.
126.4
126.2
123.7
123.5
123.5
123.4
93.1
88.0
97.9
79.3
106.0
99.2
76.6
93.2
87.8
98.4
79.7
107.1
99.3
76.3
93.3
87.9
99.6
79.7
115.8
99.3
75.3
93.3
87.7
100.4
80.0
116.3
99.3
75.9
103.6
66.6
99.2
123.1
98.2
102.3
65.1
94.7
122.9
97.4
101.4
62.0
92.8
122.8
97.2
100.2
59.0
91.3
121.9
96.7
112.9
123.7
161.9
107.8
100.7
117.2
112.6
123.8
161.9
106.0
100.8
116.9
113.0
123.8
161.9
106.3
100.9
117.5
127.2
Rubber and rubber products------------------- 146.1 3146.0 146.3
Crude rubber_________________________ 139.4 138.9 137.8
151.9 151.9 152.8
Tires and tubes______________________
Other rubber products_______ ____ ____ 143.6 3143.4 3143. 5
126.8
126.1
125.6
146.6
142.6
152.8
142.3
146.1
140.1
152.8
142.4
145.2
135.7
152.8
141.8
144.4
134.3
152.8
140.9
144.7
133.0
152.1
142.7
144.2
129.4
152.1
143.0
143.8
127.7
152.1
143.0
144.5
131.2
152.1
143.0
144.6
131.3
152.1
143.3
144.6
131.2
152.1
143.3
145.2
141.3
150.9
140.9
145.8
146.7
152.2
138.0
Lumber and wood products--------------------Lumber______________________________
M illwork_____________________________
Plywood______ _______________ ______ -
122.1
122. 7
130.2
102.8
3120. 5
3121. 0
3130. 2
3 99.7
119.8
120.1
130.5
99.1
120.0
120.2
130.5
100.1
120.8
120.8
130.5
102.7
120.4
121.0
127.6
102.0
118.6
119.0
126.8
100.2
116.8
116.7
127.3
98.3
116.4
116.8
127.1
94.9
115.9
116.7
127.1
92.2
115.7
115.9
127.6
94.4
115.5
115.9
127.6
92.9
115.8
116.2
127.6
93.6
119.0
119.7
128.3
96.4
125.4
127.2
129.1
101.7
Pulp, paper, and allied products..................
W oodpulp____________________________
Wastepaper_________ _________________
Paper_______________________________ Paperboard..................................... ...............
Converted paper and paperboard prod
ucts________________________________
Building paper and board— ------ ---------
131.7
121.2
107.1
142.1
136.2
131.5
121.2
101.0
142.1
136.2
131.3
121.2
95.8
142.1
136.2
131.9
121.2
111.3
142.1
136.2
131.9
121.2
111.3
142.0
136.2
131.7
121.2
106.4
141.8
136.5
131.0
121.2
87.0
141.8
136.0
131.0
121. 2
86.1
141.8
136.0
130.5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0
130.5
121.2
71.8
141.8
136.0
130.5
121.2
75.3
142.9
136.1
130.5
121.2
75.3
143.0
136.2
130.8
121.2
83.6
143.1
136.3
129.6
118.8
77.2
141.9
136.3
127.2
117.7
112.3
137.3
134.8
127.6 127.7
144.2 3143. 9
127.8
143.7
127.9
143.4
127.9
143.4
127.9
143.4
127.8
143.4
127.9
143.4
127.9
144.1
128.0
144.1
127.2
144.1
127.2
142.5
127.2
141.7
126.1
141.5
123.1
136.9
3152.9 153.0 153.0
172.0 171.7 172.0
133.2 133.2 133.7
3156.3 159. 8 156.5
3172. 8 172.6 172.5
124.9 124.8 124.6
121.8 121.8 121.4
134.0 133.9 133.8
3145.3 3145.0 1»145.0
152.2
171.4
130.8
156.5
172.0
124.6
121.4
133.6
145.7
151.3 150.8 148.8
171.8 171.3 167.0
127.3 126.1 124.9
156.1 155.7 155.7
172.0 172.0 171. 7
123.7 119.9 119.9
121.5 121.2 121.2
133.1 133.3 133.1
145.4 1 145.4 1 145.0
14S.8
166.7
124.8
155.7
171.7
122.8
121.0
133.7
145.0
148.6
166.2
123.9
155.7
170.7
122.8
120.8
134.1
145.9
148.6 149.8
166.4 167.3
124.1 127.0
155.7 155.7
169.0 168.9
123.6 124.8
120.8 I 120,. 7
134.1 134.5
145.9 1 146.7
150.1
167.6
127.8
152.8
168.6
125.9
121.3
134.7
146.7
151.2
166.2
137.4
151.2
164.9
130.2
122.1
133.8
144.8
148.4
154.7
156.1
141.6
155.9
133.9
119.0
132.6
135.1
Metals and metal products______________ 153.4
Iron and steel_________________________ 172.5
Nonferrous metals_____________________ 134.0
M etal containers______________________ 156.3
Hardware____________________________ 172.9
Plumbing equipment__________________ 126.0
Heating equipment....................................... 122.0
Fabricated structural metal products. . . 134.0
Fabricated nonstructural metal products. 1 145.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
478
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
T a bl e
D-8.
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities1-—Continued
[1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified]
1959
Annual
average
1958
Commodity group
Feb.2
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Machinery and motive products_________
Agricultural machinery and equip m ents
Construction machinery and equipment.
Metalworking machinery and equipment.
General purpose machinery and equip
m ent_____ _________________________
Miscellaneous machinery______________
Electrical machinery and equipment____
Motor vehicles_______ ________________
152.0 151.8
143.0 142.9
171.3 3170. 9
171.0 170.8
151.5
142.7
170.3
170.6
151.2
141.5
168.0
170.2
149.9
139.2
166.8
170.0
149.4
138.9
166.0
169.3
149.5
137.7
165.6
169.3
149.5
138.4
165.6
169.7
149.5
138.3
165.5
169.4
149.4
138.4
165.5
169.6
149.4
138.5
165.4
170.7
149.2
138.3
165.4
170.7
149.3
138.3
165.6
170.7
146.1
133.6
160.0
167.0
137.8
127.6
148.6
158.4
163.9 163.0
149.0 s148.6
152.6 3152. 6
143.1 143.1
162.3
148.4
152.4
143.1
161.6
147.9
152.4
142.8
160.2
147.6
152.7
139.7
159.3
147.4
152.7
139.0
158.8
147.6
152.8
139.0
159.7
147.5
152.6
139.0
160.0
147.7
152.6
139.0
159.6
147.6
152.3
139.0
159.4
149.0
151.8
139.0
159.2
148.9
151.3
139.1
159.6
148.8
151.3
139.1
157.6
145.2
149.0
135.4
147.5
137.0
138.4
129. 8
Furniture and other household durables__
Household furniture___________________
Commercial furniture_________________
Floor covering________________________
Household appliances_________________
Television, radio receivers, and phono
graphs.............................................................
Other household durable goods......... .........
123.4 3123.3
124.2 3124.1
155.0 155.0
126.6 126.5
105.0 3105. 0
122.8
123.9
155.0
126. 5
103.8
122.7
123.7
155.0
126. 5
103.8
123. 0
123. 0
155.0
126. 5
104.2
123.0
122.8
155.0
126.6
104.0
123.0
122.6
155.0
127.1
104.7
123.2
122.6
155.0
127.1
104.8
123.0
122.5
154.2
128.3
104.9
123.2
122.8
154.2
128.9
104.9
123.4
122.8
154.2
128.9
105.3
123. 5
122.8
154.2
129.8
105.3
123.6
123.3
154.2
130.1
105.3
122.2
122.5
150.4
133.4
105.5
119.1
119.0
141.8
131.1
105.5
393.2
155.5
92.5
155.5
92.7
155.0
94.9
155.0
94.9
154.9
94.9
154.7
95.0
155.1
93.7
155.2
94.3
155.1
94.7
155.1
94.7
155.0
94.7
155.0
94.4
148.3
93.1
140.9
Nonmetallic minerals—structural_________
Flat glass_____________________________
Concrete ingredients__________________
Concrete products_____________________
Structural clay products_______________
Gypsum products................................. .........
Prepared asphalt roofing.............................
Other nonmetallic minerals____________
137.5 3137.2 136.9 136.7 136.7 136.7
135.2 135. 2 135.2 135.0 135.0 135.0
140.2 140.2 139.2 139.1 139.1 139.1
128.9 128.6 128.4 128.1 128.1 127.9
159.6 3159.3 158. 8 158.4 158.2 158.2
133.1 133.1 133.1 133.1 133.1 133.1
119.8 3118. 5 3118.5 3118.5 3118. 5 3118. 5
131.7 131.4 131.4 131.2 131.2 131.2
135.2
135.3
139.1
128.1
155.6
133.1
103.3
131.2
135.3
135.7
139.0
128.4
155. 6
133.1
103.3
131.2
135.2
135.7
138.9
128.3
155.6
133.1
103.3
131.2
135. 4
135.7
139.0
128.2
155.6
133.1
106.1
131.2
135.4
135.7
138.9
127.9
155.5
133.1
107.2
131.2
135.3
135. 7
138.7
127.9
155.5
133.1
107.2
131.1
136.5
135.7
139.0
127.8
155.5
127.1
124.6
131.1
134.6
135.7
136.0
126.4
154.0
127.1
122.3
128.0
129.6
133.4
130.6
123.0
148.0
127.1
111.7
123.4
Tobacco manufactures and bottled bev
erages______________________________
Cigarettes..................................... ....... ............
C igars.............................................. .............. .
Other tobacco manufactures____________
Alcoholic beverages___________________
Nonalcoholic beverages________________
128.9
134.8
106.6
148.3
121.7
148.9
128.6
134.8
106.6
139.7
121.7
148.9
128.6
134.8
106.6
139.7
121.7
148.9
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
128.1
134.8
106.6
144.3
120.1
149.3
126.1
129.4
105.0
136.0
119.5
149.2
122.3
124.0
104.2
122.8
115.8
148.3
98.5
Miscellaneous products__________________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, and
ammunition________________________
Manufactured animal feeds______ ______
Notions and accessories________________
Jewelry, watches, and photographic
equipment__________________________
Other miscellaneous products__________
93.2
156.0
128.7
134.8
106.6
139.7
121.7
149.3
128.8
134.8
106.6
139. 7
121.7
149.3
3100.8
100.9
93.2
91.2
92.5
95.6
97.2
93.7
96.2
97.8
94.3
89.3
89.6
91.0
117.9 3117.8
82.2
86.2
97.5
97.5
118.6
86.4
97.5
118.6
72.6
97.5
118.6
69.0
97.5
118.6
71.4
97.5
119.3
76.8
97.5
119.1
79.7
97.5
119.1
73.3
97.5
119.1
78.0
97.5
119.1
80.9
97.5
119.1
74.6
97.5
119.5
65.7
97.5
117.7
67.3
97.3
116.1
72.0
95.3
108.1 3108.1
132.4 3132.6
107.9
132.4
107.9
132.2
107.8
132.2
107.7
132.4
107.7
132.4
107.8
132.3
107.8
132.6
107.3
132.4
107.3
132.4
107.4
131.9
107.3
131. 7
107. 5
128.4
104.9
124.1
1 See Note and footnote 1, table D-7.
* Preliminary.
•Revised.
‘ January 1958=100.
T able
D-9.
128.0
134.8
106.6
139.7
120.1
149.3
«Not available.
S o u r c e : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings 1
[1947-49=100]
1959
1958
Annual
average
Commodity group
All food s................................................................
All fish____ ____ _____ ___________________
Special metals and metal products_____________________
Metalworking machinerv_________________ .
Machinery arid equipment_____ _________
Agricultural machinery (including tractors)..........................
Total tractors............................................. ........... .
Steel-mill products......................................... .......................
Construction materials ‘.................... ................. .
Soaps.....................................................................
Synthetic detergents.............................................. .
Refined petroleum produ cts............. .......................
East Coast petroleum.................................... ..............
Mid-continent petroleum................................. .................
Gulf Coast petroleum ............................... ......
Pacific Coast petroleum____________________
Pulp, paper and products, exci. bldg, paper
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes...................
Lumber and wood products, excl. millwork_____________
1 See N ote and footnote 1, table D -7.
2 Preliminary.
• Revised.
‘ This index was formerly Building materials.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Feb.2 Jan.
Dee.
N ov. Oct.
105.4
133.7
150.7
178.7
156.9
144.5
153.1
188.4
133.1
109.2
101.3
117.6
111.3
120.1
121. 3
112.4
131.3
128.9
121.2
106.3
134.8
150.4
178.2
156.3
143.9
152.5
188.3
132.0
108. 6
101.3
114.3
109.3
116.6
117.6
107.5
130.0
126.3
118.3
107.4
128.3
150.4
177.8
155.9
142.5
150.1
188.3
132.0
108.5
101.3
113.9
108.0
116.1
116.6
110.6
131.6
126.1
118.6
106.3
135. 4
150. 4
178.6
156.6
144.4
152. 7
188.4
3132. 4
110.5
101.3
115.8
110.0
117.7
120.3
109.4
131.2
128.9
»119.2
108.3
129.6
148.8
177.4
155.4
139.9
148.2
187.6
132.1
108.5
101.3
114.6
108.0
118.1
116.3
110.6
131.6
125.6
119.6
Sept. Aug. July June M ay Apr. Mar. Feb.
109.3
130.1
147.9
178.0
155.1
139.5
147.0
188.1
132.0
109.8
101.3
117.2
109.2
117.5
120.6
121.3
131.4
124.2
119.6
108.5
129.9
147.5
178.1
155.0
138.4
146.1
187.8
130.6
107.7
101.3
116.6
108.4
116.4
120.6
121.3
130.7
123.0
117.6
110.2
131.2
146.2
178.0
155.2
138.9
147.0
183.0
129.6
107.7
101.3
114.1
107.7
112.0
119.7
118.3
130. 6
120.8
115.4
110.6
131.5
146.3
178.0
155.2
138.7
146.8
183.0
129.5
107.7
101.3
111.9
108.6
112.0
114.3
112.2
130.1
118.8
114.9
111.7
128.6
146.1
178.0
155.0
138.7
146.8
183.1
129.2
109.0
101.0
111.1
108.6
108.7
114.3
116.4
130.2
117.2
114.3
111.2
122.9
146.1
178.0
155.0
138.8
147.0
183.1
129.0
109.0
101.0
112.5
111.0
110.8
114.3
117.7
130.2
117.4
114.0
112.4
124.8
146.9
178.0
154.8
138.7
147.3
183.1
129.4
107.1
101.0
113.9
112.3
110.7
117.2
120.4
130.2
125.5
113.7
109.5
126.9
147.1
178.0
154.9
138.7
147.5
183.2
130.1
107.1
101.0
116.1
114.1
114.3
117.4
124.1
130.6
125.5
114.1
1957
1956
104.0
119.4
146.9
176.1
151.9
133.7
141.3
178.9
130.6
104.5
99.0
125.8
122.0
124.3
128.8
132.3
129.3
121.5
117.7
100.8
114.1
143.3
165.0
142.1
127.4
132.5
163.2
130.6
99.7
95.1
117.5
114.6
118.3
118.8
117.4
127.0
115.4
124.9
Source : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D.—CONSUMER
479
a n d w h o l e s a l e p r ic e s
T a b l e D -1 0 .
Indexes of w holesale prices, b y stage of processing 1
[1947-49=100]
Annual
average
1958
1959
Commodity group
Feb.2 Jan.
Dec. Nov.
Sept. Aug. July
Oct.
June M ay Apr. Mar. Feb.
1956
119.3 119.7 119.0 117.6 114.3
All commodities----- ---------------------------------------------------- 119.5 119.5 119.2 119.2 119.0 119.1 119.1 119.2 119.2 119.5
Crude materials for further processing..................................... 98.0 98.1 97.0 98.4 98.0 98.4 99.1 100.0 100.7 101.7
Crude foodstufls and feedstuffs................................ ......... 89.0 89.7 88.4 89.9 89.3 90.7 92.1 94.3 95.7 97.7
Crude nonfood materials except fuel— ........ ................. 111.3 110.5 110.1 111.2 111.1 109.6 109.3 107.7 107.0 106.0
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for manu
facturing—.................................. .................................. 109.8 109.0 108.6 109.8 109.7 108.1 107. 8 106.0 105.2 104.1
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for con
struction— --------------------- --------------------------- 140. 2 140.2 139.2 139.1 139.1 139.1 139.1 139.0 138.9 139.0
Crude fuel----------------- ------------------------------------------ 126.4 s 126.1 123.5 123.0 123.1 121.8 120.6 118.8 118.2 117.9
Crude fuel for manufacturing...................................... 125.9 3125. 7 123.1 122.6 122.7 121.4 120.3 118.5 117.9 117.6
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing industry.............. 127.2 3126. 7 124.1 123.6 123.7 122.3 121.1 119.2 118.5 118.3
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components..............
Intermediate materials and components for manu
facturing—............................................. ...........—............ —
Intermediate materials for food manufacturing----Intermediate materials for nondurable manu
facturing.........................................................................
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing.
Components for manufacturing........................... .......
Materials and components for construction--------------Processed fuels and lubricants........................ - ..................
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing.. .
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufactur
ing in d u str y .......... .....................- .............................
Containers, nonreturnable...................................................
Supplies.....................................................................................
Supplies for m anufacturing........................................
Supplies for nonmanufacturing industry..................
Manufactured animal feeds------------------------Other supplies...................................................... Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods and
fuels)........................................................................ - ....................
Consumer finished goods---------------------------------------Consumer foods...............................................................
Consumer crude foods--------------------------------Consumer processed foods--------------------------Consumer other nondurable goods.............. ..............
Consumer durable goods------------------------- ------ —
Producer finished goods----------------------------------------Producer goods for manufacturing industries..........
Producer goods for nonmanufacturing industries..
1957
100.3 101.5 99.6 97.2 95.9
95.4 96.7 93.2 87.7 84.0
106.3 107.1 107.9 112.5 114.2
104.4 105.3 106.3 111.5 113.6
138.9
117.9
117.7
118.3
138.7
123.4
123.0
124.1
139.0
123.5
123.1
124.2
136.0
119.7
119.4
120.1
126.5 126.3 126.3 125.7 125.4 125.4 125.3 125.0 124.7 124.9 125.1 125.0 125.0 125.1
130.6
113.3
113.0
113.7
122.1
127.9 127.7 127.8 127.8 127.6 127.3 127.2 126.7 126.9 126.8 126.9 127.1 127.3 126.9 123.7
98.5 99.2 100.4 101.2 • 101.4 101.5 101. 8 102.6 103.4 103.5 103.2 102.4 102.5 99.9 98.0
104.8 104. 5
157.1 «156. 6
151.1 3150. 8
135.2 3134. 5
106.8 105.9
106.2 105.3
104.5
156.6
150.7
134.2
105.6
105.0
104.3
156.6
150.7
134.1
105.4
104.8
104.2
156.2
150.2
134.2
105.6
104.9
104.1
155.4
1149. 8
133.7
107.7
106.6
104.2
155.0
149.5
132.7
107.6
106.5
104.3
152.9
149.5
132.1
106.0
105.1
104.5
152.9
149.4
132.1
105.0
104.5
105.7
153.2
148.3
132.9
113.0
104.3
148.5
142.9
132.0
106.7
105.3
108.0
138.0
117.6
141.2
106.2
80.9
121.1
106.9
3137.8
3118. 7
3140.6
107.9
85.2
121.1
106.6
138.7
118.6
140.5
107.9
85.6
120.9
106.5
138.0
114.9
140.3
103.0
72.4
120.9
106.9
137.9
113.5
140.5
101.0
66.9
'121.0
109.6
137.7
113.7
139.3
101.8
69.5
120.7
109.5
137.7
114.8
138. 2
103.5
74.0
120.9
107.6
137.5
116.1
139.1
105.0
77.7
121.0
106.0 105.4 106.2 107.0 108.7 116.0.
137.4 137. 5 137.1 137.0 136. 3 134.3
114.6 116.3 117.3 115.5 113.2 112.5
139.4 139.6 140.6 140.4 140.7 137.6
102.9 105.1 106.1 103.7 100.5 101.1
71.7 76.9 79.8 73.4 65.1 67.6
121.6 121.5 121.3 120.7
121.2
109.1
128.5
111.3
132.9
120.7
112.9
106.8
95.3
109.3
113.1
126.5
152.4
157.2
148.4
3120.8
113.1
107.8
95.1
3110.5
112. 7
126.4
3152. 2
3157.1
3148. 2
120.5
112.8
107.6
95.5
110.2
112. 2
126.1
152.0
156.7
148.0
120.6
113.0
108.5
97.8
110.9
112.0
126.0
151.6
156.3
147.5
120.6
113.3
109.6
100.6
111.5
112.2
125.0
150.3
155.0
146.3
120.9
113.7
110.8
100.6
113.0
112.2
124.6
150.1
154.8
146.1
120.6
113.3
110.0
94.1
113.3
112.0
124.7
150.0
154.6
146.2
120.8
113.7
111.5
95.7
114.8
111.4
124.7
150.0
154.6
146.0
120.7
113.6
111.6
93.2
115.5
111.0
124.7
150.0
154.7
146.0
104.6
152.9
149.0
132.0
104.6
104.2
105.0
152.9
148.5
131.8
105.4
105.0
105.2
153.5
148.8
131.9
Î06.1
105.7
105.4
153.6
149.1
132.6
107.7
107.2
111.2
121.6
121.0
113.9
112.5
102.4
114.7
110.9
124.7
150.0
154.7
146.0
120.9
113.7
111.9
105.9
113.3
111.1
124.8
150.1
154.7
146.3
121.4
114.4
113.1
117.3
112.4
111.6
124.9
150.0
154.5
146.3
101.6
72.9
na 2
120.6 118.1 114.0
108.0
113.3
110.1 104.5 101.0
105.8 95.0 96.2
106.4
111.8 112.4 109.9
124.9 123.3 119.7
150.1 146.7 138.1
154.6 151.2 142.2
146.3 142.9 134.9
111.1
102.1
111.1
N ote : For a description of these series, see N ew BLS Economic Sector
Indexes of Wholesale Prices, M onthly Labor Review, December 1955 (p.
i See footnote 1, table D -7.
* Preliminary.
* Revised.
Source: U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T a b l e ^ D -11.
Indexes of w holesale prices, b y durability of product
[1947-49=100]
Annual
average
1958
1959
Commodity group
Feb.1
All commodities— ........ — ------ -------- -----Total durable goods-------------------------Total nondurable goods--------------------Total manufactures----------------------------Durable manufactures_______________
Nondurable manufactures -------------Total raw or slightly processed goods----Durable raw or slightly processed goods.
Nondurable raw or slightly processed
1Preliminary.
2 Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
119.5 119.5
145.1 144.7
105.5 2 105. 7
125.2 125.2
146.1 145.8
108.7 2 108. 9
100.2 100.3
115.5 113.4
119.2
144.5
105.4
125.1
145.6
108.8
99.5
111.7
119.2
144.4
105.5
124.8
145.4
108.4
100.6
114.4
119.0
143.7
105.6
124.5
144.7
108.5
100.8
113.7
119.1
143.2
106.1
124.6
144.3
109.1
101.0
111.5
119.1
142.8
106.2
124.6
143.9
109.4
100.6
111.7
119.2
142.1
106.8
124.6
143.3
109.8
101.3
106.8
119.2
142.1
106.8
124.5
143.3
109.7
101.4
106.1
119.5
141.9
107.3
124.5
143.2
109.7
103.1
102.9
119.3
141.9
107.1
124.5
143.3
109.6
102.6
103.1
119.7
142.2
107.5
124.3
143.4
109.2
104.9
105.9
119.0
142.4
106.4
124.1
143.6
108.8
102.3
107.1
117.6
141.4
104.7
123.2
142.0
108.4
98.9
122.3
114.3
136.7
102.1
119.5
136.8
105.8
97.0
136.3
99.6
98.8
99.8
100.0
100.4
100.0
101.0
101.2
103.2
102.6
104.8
102.0
97.7
94.9
99.3
N ote : For a description of these series and data beginning with 1947, see
Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes, 1957, BLS Bull. 1235 (1958).
Source : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
480
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
E.—Work Stoppages
T able E - l .
W ork stop p ages resulting from labor-m anagem ent disputes 1
Number of stoppages
Workers Involved In stoppages
Man-days idle during month
or year
M onth and year
Beginning in
month or year
1935-39 (average)
1947-49 (average)
1945......................
1946.......................
1947
.........
1948
.........
1949
.........
1950
.........
1951
.........
1952.......................
1953........................
1954......... .............
1955
.........
1956
.........
1957
.........
Beginning in
month or year
2,862
3, 573
4,750
4,985
3,693
3,419
3,606
4,843
4,737
5,117
5,091
3,468
4,320
3,825
3, 673
1958: February
March »____
A pril2_____
M ay *_____
June *_____
July 2_____
A u g u st1___
September 2.
October *__
November
D ecem ber3.
275
350
350
350
300
400
300
1959: January 2._
February2.
225
150
200
200
150
200
1 The data include all known work stoppages involving six or more workers
and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers involved and
man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift in establish
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or
secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose employees are
made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In effect dur
ing month
In effect dur
ing month
1.130.000
2,380, 000
3, 470,000
4, 600,000
2.170.000
1.960.000
3.030.000
2, 410,000
2.220.000
3, 540,000
2.400.000
1, 530,000
2.650.000
1, 900, 000
1.390.000
Number
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
16.900.000
39, 700,000
38,000,000
116,000,000
34, 600,000
34.100.000
50, 500,000
38.800.000
22.900.000
59.100.000
28.300.000
22, 600,000
28.200.000
33,100,000
16, 500,000
0.27
.4 6
.47
1.43
.41
.37
.44
.2 3
.57
.26
.21
.26
.29
.14
275
300
375
475
500
525
475
575
525
400
300
45,000
165.000
200,000
110.000
150.000
160.000
160,000
140.000
400, 000
450, 000
225.000
60, 000
160,000
500,000
1,200,000
1,250, 000
.06
.13
.13
200,000
2 , 000, 000
250.000
240.000
250.000
500.000
525.000
300.000
180, 000
1,650,000
1, 700,000
2, 000,000
2, 500,000
5, 250, 000
2, 500,000
2,000,000
.21
.18
.18
.22
.28
325
300
75.000
75.000
150.000
140.000
2,000,000
1, 500,000
70,000
.53
.3 0
.21
.23
.18
* Preliminary.
N o t e : For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
481
F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
F.—Building and Construction
T able
F -l.
Expenditures for new construction 1
[Value of work put In place]
Expenditures (In millions of dollars)
1958
1959
Type of construction
1958
1957
Total
Total
Feb.
Jan.3
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Total new construction................................... 3,792
3,475
3,666
4,024
4,448
4,745
4, 751
4, 707
4,548
4,347
4,000
3,636
3,342
48,980 48,115
2,698
1,530
1, 215
261
54
628
161
265
2,500
1,369
1,070
245
54
638
167
262
2,610
1,448
1,150
243
55
660
173
268
2,887
1,605
1,260
288
57
722
176
305
3,119
1,741
1,330
354
57
760
178
327
3,184
1,764
1,340
370
54
750
175
319
3,172
1, 732
1,315
366
51
741
174
315
3,153
1,708
1,275
382
51
743
179
316
3,082
1,645
1,205
388
52
754
185
326
2,959
1,559
1,125
382
52
735
193
315
2,752
1,421
1,015
355
51
698
204
285
2,551
1,289
945
296
48
677
218
263
2,410
1,177
890
239
48
689
235
262
33,947
17,884
13,405
3,859
620
8,720
2, 443
3,561
Mar.3
Private construction........................................
Residential buildings (nonfarm)-------New dwelling units...........................
Additions and alterations ______
Nonhousekeeping...................... .......
Nonresidential buildings 4_ .................
Industrial--------------------------------Commercial _________________
Office buildings and warehouses___________________
S to res, r e s ta u r a n ts, and
garages ________ ________
Other nonresidential buildings___
Religious......................................
Educational___________ ____
Hospital and institutional »...
Social and recreational..............
Miscellaneous____ _____ ____
Farm construction....................................
Public utilities— ......................................
Railroad____________________ _
Telephone and telegraph..............
Other public utilities .....................
All other private.......................................
Public construction____________________
Residential buildings 6______________
Nonresidential buildings (other than
military facilities).................................
Industrial..........................................
Educational- _________ ________
Hospital and in stitu tio n a l.......... .
Administrative and service.. ___
Other nonresidential buildings___
Military facilities 3_________________
Highways ............................................ .
Sewer and water systems-----------------Sewer_________________________
Water. ______________________
Public service enterprises_____ _____
Conservation and development............
All other public____________________
1,986 1,893
144
148
153
163
167
165
167
169
169
169
165
163
161
121
202
67
41
47
34
13
111
416
21
70
325
13
1,094
93
114
209
70
44
47
34
14
101
380
20
64
296
12
975
92
115
219
73
47
48
35
16
98
390
23
60
307
14
1,056
91
142
241
78
50
49
39
25
100
444
19
66
359
16
1,137
88
160
255
81
52
50
42
30
114
487
21
71
395
17
1,329
84
154
256
81
53
51
44
27
134
519
22
79
418
17
1,561
82
348
252
80
53
52
43
24
161
520
27
75
418
18
1,579
73
147
248
79
62
53
42
22
173
512
25
71
416
17
1,554
71
157
243
75
50
52
41
25
169
494
19
76
399
20
1,466
69
146
227
70
46
51
37
23
160
486
25
77
384
19
1,388
65
120
209
65
43
51
32
18
146
470
25
81
364
17
1,248
63
100
196
61
42
50
28
15
126
446
24
82
340
13
1,085
62
101
192
61
41
60
26
14
113
419
23
80
316
12
932
60
1, 575
2,716
863
567
610
424
252
1,600
5, 554
276
903
4,375
189
15,033
832
1,671
2,435
868
525
525
311
206
1,590
5,624
406
1,068
4,150
199
14,127
506
366
29
219
34
48
36
105
295
111
68
43
31
75
18
322
27
197
29
39
30
98
265
96
60
36
25
63
14
356
28
223
30
42
33
105
285
105
66
39
28
71
15
361
28
227
32
41
33
110
350
109
69
40
30
74
15
379
30
229
37
47
36
125
485
117
72
45
35
88
16
427
31
259
41
55
41
140
630
124
76
48
45
96
17
430
31
259
40
58
42
135
645
130
80
50
52
97
17
428
32
259
39
55
43
120
635
133
81
52
52
100
15
421
33
262
37
49
40
105
585
128
77
51
47
98
13
411
34
257
34
46
40
95
545
123
73
50
41
96
12
386
34
239
32
43
38
88
455
118
69
49
39
87
12
374
31
238
31
39
35
80
335
111
65
46
33
79
11
350
29
222
29
36
34
77
235
105
62
43
28
68
9
4,622
370
2,877
401
530
444
1,235
5,350
1,388
837
551
450
1,004
152
4,503
473
2,825
350
439
416
1,322
4,971
1,344
781
563
393
971
117
i Estimated monetary value of new construction put in place during the
periods shown, including major additions and alterations but excluding
maintenance and repair. These figures differ from permit-valuation data
reported in the tabulations for building-permit activity (tables F-3, F-4,
and F-5) and the data on value of contract awards (table F-2).
s Preliminary.
• Revised.
4 Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential build
ing are included under “ Public utilities.”
• Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
• Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as house
keeping units.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
33,988
17,019
12,615
3,903
501
9,556
3,557
3,564
i Covers all building and nonbuilding construction, except production
facilities (which are included in public industrial building), and Armed
Forces housing under the Capehart program (which is included in public
residential building).
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1964). See also Technical
Note on Revised Estimates of Residential Additions and Alterations, 1945-56
(in M onthly Labor Review, August 1957, p. 973).
Source : Joint estimates of the TJ.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics and U .S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense
Services Administration.
482
M O N T H L Y L A B O R R E V IE W , A P R IL 1959
T able F-2.
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of construction 1
Value (In millions of dollars)
Ownership and type of construction
1959
Jan.
1958
Dec.
N ov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
1958
1957
Total
Total
Total public construction.........................
847.3
986.8
812.6
954.4 1,177. 7 1,277. 6 1,252.1 1,812.8 1,608.0 1,165. 5 941.5
822.6
696.5 13,508.1 11,473.8
Federally owned 2.......................................
Residential buildings........................
Nonresidential buildings...................
Educational...................................
Hospital and institutional.........
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildingsAirfield buildings________
Troop housing.......................
Warehouses______________
All other________________
Airfields 4________ ______________
Conservation and development___
Highways___________________ . . . .
Electric power....................... .............
All other federally owned..................
State and locally owned............................
Residential buildings.........................
Nonresidential buildings...................
Educational_____ ___________
Hospital and institutional____
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildings.
Highways......... .................... ................
Sewer and water systems_________
Sewer..............................................
Water_______________ ______ _
Public service enterprises________
Electric power_______________
Other_______________________
Conservation and development___
All other State and locally ow ned.. .
136.4
3.2
73.4
1.3
12.6
10.3
49.2
22.4
5.2
1.4
20.2
23.7
19.2
3.2
4.2
9.5
710.9
34.7
226.1
144.1
15.1
18.7
48.2
320.5
94.4
51.1
43.0
15. i
9.5
5.8
8. C
11.9
238.3
2.2
87.7
8.2
22.4
15.9
41.2
11.0
1.3
1.2
27.7
28.1
51.5
2.0
31.0
35.8
748.5
20.1
271.9
178.2
20.2
45.2
28.3
343.6
82.1
56.2
25.9
13.6
8.8
4.8
10.9
6.3
111.9
7.8
39.3
3.2
3.4
10.8
21.9
5.9
1.1
1.8
13.1
14.7
17.0
2.0
26.9
4.2
700.7
26.9
246.0
162.0
14.4
40.8
28.8
336.3
67.0
51.8
15.2
10.9
6.1
4.8
5.8
7.8
121.0
22.7
41.5
.8
.8
10.4
29.5
1.5
4.3
.1
23.6
11.4
29.4
9.9
1.0
5.1
833.4
31.7
286.7
196.6
17.3
28.1
44.7
387.5
74.9
50.5
24.4
21.8
6.0
15.8
12.5
18.3
121.9
52.0
22.2
3.2
.3
6.4
12.3
1.9
.5
1.0
8.9
17.5
12.7
5.4
4.0
8.1
700.7
30.7
279.2
188.3
17.9
48.4
24.6
213.2
56.9
37.9
19.0
108.2
102.9
5.3
7.5
5.0
120.2 2,959.4
47.5
592.0
42.8
987.7
.8
51.7
.8
95.2
10.5
183.9
30.7
656.9
1.8
196.7
89.3
(3)
.8
36.5
28.1
334.4
8.3
475.6
8.0
475.2
4.8
95.5
1.5
137.8
7.3
195.6
576.3 10,548.7
21.8
479.7
239.5 3,576.2
169.5 2,407.6
15.0
334.5
30.7
455.6
24.3
378. 5
207.2 4,489. 3
75.2 1,050.0
55.8
708.2
19.4
341.8
16.0
669.5
7.0
450.0
9.0
219.5
10.8
123.3
5.8
160.7
222.7
223.6 166.8 695.2 474.2
86.4
115.1
42.4 101.3
52.4
28.3
54.6
44.8 239.8 184.9
.6
2.2
1.8
13.8
5.0
.1
1.2
.4
11.2
27.0
6.9
1.2
14.0
29.1
37.8
20.7
50.0
28.6 177.0 123.8
.4
11.9
9.0
63.6
37.7
1.8
5.7
3.9
36.2
22.5
.9
1.8
1.6
9.2
10.2
17.6
30.6
14.1
54.4
67.0
2.7
21.4
53.2 150.3 120.3
23.2
23.3
6.1 133.1
73.9
8.0
3.4
9.3
25.4
11.8
18.2
1.9
6.3
13.9
13.1
55.9
3.9
4.7
31.4
17.8
955.0 1,054.0 1,085.3 1,117.6 1,133.8
64.8
35.8
31.9
70.3
67.6
271.0
325.9 327.0 335.6 355.9
197.3
227.1 225.1 212.3 229.2
19.6
31.4
36.7
36.4
55.8
25.7
34.8
35.8
53.4
40.6
28.4
32.6
29.4
26.9
36.9
420.2
519.0 525.6 461.0 418.8
76.6
91.0 116.1 104.7 129.2
49.3
66.9
77.3
73.1
74.5
27.3
24.1
38.8
56.1
30.2
89.4
53.9
55.4 114.0 137.4
69.4
21.2
18.9
84.2 107.3
20.0
32.7
36.5
29.8
30.1
12.0
12.2
9.0
6.4
17.1
21.0
16.2
20.3
15.8
17.6
1 Includes major force account projects started (construction done directly
by a government agency using a separate work force to perform nonmainte
nance construction on the agency’s own property).
2 Includes construction contracts awarded under Lease-Purchase pro
grams which terminated with P .L . 85-844, approved August 28, 1958.
3 Less than $50,000.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
273.9
29.2
122.8
6.3
12.9
24.7
78.9
38.1
8.0
3.5
29.3
29.7
68.5
9.9
3.4
10.4
891.6
47.2
326.5
208.8
32.5
40.5
44.7
365.5
95.9
66.0
29.9
24.5
12.1
12.4
15.7
16.3
189.7
33.0
79.0
5.8
14.7
16.2
42.3
13.9
4.0
4.4
20.0
18.0
28.5
3.6
16.6
11.0
751.8
30.9
311.0
213.2
37.3
31.6
28.9
291.4
80.4
48.9
31.5
24.4
6.1
18.3
3.4
10.3
2,317.3
406.2
776.5
48.4
78.9
148.3
500.9
98.9
60.9
35.0
306.1
182.2
563.8
91.5
140.3
156.8
9,156.5
326.7
3, 409.4
2, 450. 5
287.1
315.4
356.4
3, 825.1
1,034.2
619.4
414.8
364.2
200.1
164.1
112.7
84.2
4 Beginning with January 1958, includes missile launching facilities which
were previously included under All other federally owned.
Source : U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics and U .8.
Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration.
483
F .— B U IL D IN G A N D C O N S T R U C T IO N
T able F-3.
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership, class of construction,
and type of building 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction, ownership, and
type of building
1958
1959
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.2
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.2
1958
1957
T otal2
Total
All building construction._____ ______ 1,370. 6 1,334.0 1,499. 8 1,907. 7 1,857.3 1, 942.0 1,952. 6 2,042. 6 1,920.1 1, 797.1 1, 516. 8 1,110.1 1,156. 8 20,086.9 18,168.8
Private.................................................. 1,181. 2 1,148. 9 1,359. 7 1,689.6 1, 597.2 1, 665.6 1,732.9 1, 703. 1 1, 557.7 1, 568.3 1,324. 5 938.4 997.6 17, 291.0 16,002.7
Public..................................................... 189.4 185.1 140.1 218.0 260.1 276.4 219.8 339. 5 362.4 228.8 192.3 171.7 159.2 2, 795.9 2,166.1
New residential building........................... 752.1 746.9 914.6 1,128. 4 1,118.0 1,053.0 1.083.2 1,056.1 1,024.3
Dwelling units (h o u s e k e e p in g
o n ly ) ...................................... ........... 734.0 732.0 899.6 1,108. 0 1,104. 7 1,035. 6 1,062. 8 1,037. 4 1,001.9
Privately owned......................... . 705.3 716.6 876.3 1,084. 0 1,021.4 982.1 1.039.3 953. 6 935.8
1family................ 570.3 599.2 734.2 951.8 898.0 856.4 888.0 838. 4 813.3
22.2
25.5
25.2
23.7
25.5
26.1
25.5
20.4
22.6 ......................
2family................................
10.3
11.6
14.5
15.1
14.2
13.5
12.9
11.6
13.0
3- and 4-family......................
82.7
85.4
83.0
86.0 113.2
99.4
92.6
85.5 103. 6
5-or-more fam ily....................
83.8
66.1
83.4
23.5
23.4
53.5
23.9
15.4
28.7
Publicly owned.............................
22.4
18.7
13.3
20.4
20.4
17.5
15.0
14.9
18.1
Nonhousekeeping buildings_______
New nonresidential bu ild in gs............... 492.9 462.4 458.2 603.2 572.2 719.9 672.9 795.1 727.6
Commercial b u ild in g s..................... 204.6 162.3 153.7 219.2 171.9 249.2 236.2 201. 4 263.0
21.9
17.6
14.3
30.8
16.1
12.8
12.3
11.3
13.9
Amusement buildings________
4.1
6.8
3.7
8.9
4.5
1.5
5.6
5.2
1. 7
Commercial garages_______ . .
11.0
11.2
10.4
10.8
11.4
11.0
7.7
8.8
8.9
Gasoline and service stations...
64.0 139.9
63.8 117.3
92.6
69.9
62.3 106.5
90.3
Office buildings............................
Stores and other mercantile
97.6
90.3
79.4
92.9
99.8
68.9
83.9
87. 5
70.5
buildings__________________
Community buildings........................ 170.7 181.6 189.1 224.1 248.5 261.1 268.6 235 0 276.6
99.7 112.6 149.3 169.8 171.0 139.4 144.0 149.9
Educational buildings .............. 109.7
81.0
37.5
78.1
47.5
49.9
40.5
33.0
34.5
50.0
Institutional buildings...............
43.5
45.6
41.3
51.2
40.1
26.4
30.0
41.7
31.8
Religious buildings ...................
19.2
19.1
21.9
19.4
19.4
13.1
21.4
4.8
6.0
Garages, private residential............
53.6
66.1
61.5 8 204.1
70.8
55.4
52.6
47.9
71.7
Industrial buildings............... ............
30.4
55.5
33.6
24.2
34.1
64.0
19.4
27.2
21.7
Public utilities buildings_________
59.9
30.2
62.9 105.1
55.4
25.2
32.7
40.8
37.4
All other nonresidential buildings..
Additions and alterations......................... 125.6 124.6 126.9 176.1 167.1 169.0 196.5 191.4 168.2
* Data relate to building construction authorized by local building permits
in all localities (over 7,000) having building-permit systems—rural nonfarm
as well as urban. Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded
for Federal projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) in
ermit-issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered
y builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects;
construction undertaken by State and local governments is reported by local
officials. Because permit valuations generally understate the actual cost of
construction and because of lapsed permits and the lag between permit
T able F-4.
959.1
779.1
536.9
580.8 10,998. 0
9,413.3
942.8
916.9
793.2
27.5
10.8
85.4
25.8
16.3
656.9
269.9
17.8
6.6
11.6
116.7
760.0
729.5
622.8
21.3
11.0
74.4
30.5
19.1
586.2
228.6
13.3
5.0
11.3
119.9
525.0
491.4
419.0
15.7
8.4
48.3
33.6
11.9
452.3
149.8
14.7
3.4
8.8
64.8
565.6 10, 792. 7
550.5 10,303. 6
466.5 8,886.4
17.0
275.7
8.9
143.0
998.4
58.2
489.1
15.0
15.2
205.3
437.0 7,172. 7
140.8 2, 447. 4
10.2
192.9
4.2
56.0
125.5
10.2
56.0 1,074. 8
9, 229.1
8,938.9
7, 923. 0
228.8
111.6
675.5
290.2
184.2
6.851.2
2,224.6
139.8
57.5
159.2
976.1
117.2
219. 5
119.2
51.0
49.2
18.2
61.9
36.9
50.6
181.1
79.0
236.6
159.6
40.8
36.2
10.3
57.5
21.2
32.0
151.5
58.1
171.9
118.4
26.2
27.4
4.8
44.9
47.4
33.5
120.8
60.1
168.7
108.9
33.7
26.1
5.9
64.1
28.4
29.1
139.0
998.2
2,683. 9
1,644. 3
569.2
470.3
178.7
873.6
424.6
564.6
1,916.2
892.0
2,487. 5
1,497. 2
525.0
465.4
200.5
1.092.3
424.3
422.0
1.904.3
issuance or contract-awarded dates and start of construction, these data do
not represent the volume of building construction started.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
* Xvc VlScvl.
s Includes a retroactive building permit issued during the month for a steel
plant, valued at $120 million, which was actually begun early in 1957.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Building-permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and geographic region 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction and
geographic region
1958
1959
Jan.
Dec.
N ov.2
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.2
1958
1957
Total2
Total
All building construction 3....................... 1,370. 6 1,334. 0 1,499. 8 1,907. 7 1, 857.3 1, 942.0 1,952. 6 2,042. 6 1,920.1 1, 797.1 1, 516.8 1,110.1 1,156. 8 20,086. 9 18,168. 8
276. 6 268.9 325.2 358.4 385.3 397.1 364.2 387.1 380.4 360.4 270.5 189.4 217.1 3,918. 9 3,886.1
Northeast______________________
North Central___________________ 246.3 306.3 439.6 575.9 542.2 519.3 568.0 643.2 531.5 539.0 395.4 224.2 232.2 5,532. 6 5,283. 5
424.6 365.0 383.1 516.2 473.8 532.6 499.3 508.3 518. 2 457.1 418.9 370.3 376.5 5,420. 8 4,627. 0
South__________________________
W e s t ........................... —...................... 423.2 393.7 351.9 457.2 456.0 493.1 521.1 504.0 489.9 440.6 431.9 326.2 330.9 5,214. 6 4,372.3
New dwelling units (housekeeping
only) ___________________________
Northeast — ___________________
North Central___________________
South__________________________
West _ _______________________
N ew nonresidential b u ild in g s.______
Northeast
___________________
North Central___________________
South__________________________
W est__ ________________________
Additions and alterations.........................
Northeast______________________
North Central___________________
South . _________ ____________
West __ ________________—_____
1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
3 Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
734.0
124.4
130.1
229.1
250.4
492.9
119.7
91.4
154. 9
126.9
125.6
30.7
23.2
34.9
36.8
732.0
131. 2
157.5
202.7
240.6
462.4
109. 5
120.3
123.1
109.6
124.6
25.4
26.8
34.3
38.0
899.6 1,108.0 1,104.7 1,035. 6 1,062.8 1,037.4 1,001.9
191.7 199.2 231.8 195.4 198.1 203.2 220.8
262.6 336.8 318.0 278.2 304.9 279.9 273.7
219.6 283.1 282.7 267.5 275.8 281.3 245.7
225.7 288.9 272.3 294.4 284.0 273.1 261.7
458.2 603.2 572.2 719.9 672.9 795.1 727.6
101.0 118.8 115.9 156.6 121.5 137.1 123.7
142.4 184.4 173.5 196.4 208.9 311.4 210.9
123.1 181.5 141.2 212.8 162.0 174.4 216.5
91.6 118.4 141.6 154.1 180.6 172.2 176.5
126.9 176.1 167.1 169.0 196.5 191.4 168.2
44.2
34.9
35.5
42.5
41.3
28.9
36.7
45.4
48.2
48.6
48.3
41.7
31.4
50.6
48.9
45.7
45.3
45.0
53.7
35.9
48.2
42.2
38.2
40.8
50.1
51. 6
30.7
40.6
942.8
189.2
278.4
248.5
226.6
656.9
132.1
211.0
151.5
162.3
181.1
35.9
46.5
51.2
47.6
760.0
131.2
205.1
218.7
205.0
586.2
109.8
148.2
154.9
173.2
151.5
28.2
40.0
41.8
41.4
525.0
59.7
102.7
198.2
164.4
452.3
107.7
91.9
130.1
122.7
120.8
20.8
28.3
37.8
33.9
565.6 10,792. 7
79.7 2,035. 9
110.1 2,913. 9
196.4 2,919. 7
179.3 2,923. 2
437.0 7,172. 7
108. 9 1,452.3
89.3 2,095. 2
131.4 1,904.3
107.4 1,721.0
139.0 1,916. 2
399.6
24.7
491. 2
32.2
531. 2
43.3
494. 2
38.8
9, 229.1
1,864. 8
2,645. 9
2,370.0
2,348. 4
6,851. 2
1,556. 8
2,103. 8
1,668.3
1, 522. 4
1,904.3
424.8
499.9
520. 7
458.9
* Includes new nonhousekeeping residential building, not shown separately.
S ource; U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
484
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
T able F-5. Building-permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan location and S ta te 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
State and location
1958
Dec.
N ov.2
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
Juno
M ay
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.2
1957
1958
1957
Dec.
Total
Total
All States___________________________ 1.334.0 1,499.8 1.907.7 1, 857.3 1,942.0 1,952. 6 2,042. 6 1,920.1 1,797.1 1, 516.8 1,110.1 1,156.8 1,100.8 20.086.9 18,168.8
Metropolitan areas8........................... 1.045.1 1,176. 4 1.493.7 1,446.4 1, 533. 2 1,533.0 1,581. 6 1,483.0 1,388.9 1,196.6 881.2 921.5 863.7 15, 718.1 14,130.7
Nonmetropolitan areas______ ____ 288.9 323.4 414.0 410.9 408.8 419.6 461.0 437.1 408.2 320.2 228.9 235.3 237.1
4,368. 8 4,038.1
Alabama___________________________
16.7
16.3
21.1
23.9
18.8
22.8
25.3
20.8
18.2
21.1
16.6
15.3
16.5
236.8
190.6
Arizona________ ____ _________.•.........
24. 6
18.3
26.0
39.9
23.0
23.6
25.5
33.1
20.5
23.6
19.9
292.2
13.2
13.0
224.6
Arkansas___________________________
6.6
4.1
7.5
6.6
7.5
7.0
9.8
5.3
7.9
6.3
4.6
4.3
77.5
5.4
72.7
California__________________________
269.6 240.4 301.2 298.7 313.8 373.2 340.4 308.1 275.0 317.4 208.6 247.3 195.3 3, 500. 6 3,055.5
Colorado___________________________
25.0
27.4
26.3
27.4
25.5
27.9
34.8
37.9
25.6
15.1
24.3
15.8
313.0
16.0
' 261.9
Connecticut..... ............................................
18.9
27.6
32.6
35.4
33.1
32.0
30.8
30.6
30.9
20.2
17.7
328. 6
18.7
18.4
390.6
D e la w a re ____ ______ _______ _______
2.7
5.9
8.3
13.1
8.4
7.6
6.2
OR Q
6.7
6.1
3.6
7. n
2 3
6.9
82. 4
District of Columbia.................................
6.1
21.3
10.5
42.9
10.3
12.6
13.8
66.5
8.3
6.4
9.3
12.9
220.9
3.1
133.8
Florida_____________________________
73.9
65.0
93.0
81.6
76.7
88.9
78.3
84.1
83.3
69.6
83.5
70.9
948.8
77.0
948.0
Georgia_____ ____ ___________________
28. 4
28.4
24.3
26.4
24.4
23.7
25.8
27.8
36.6
27.3
19.6
28.3
321.3
17.1
252.4
Idaho...... ......................................................
2.9
5.0
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.6
3.5
4.5
5.9
3.9
1.6
1.3
45.5
1.8
38.2
Illinois ___________________________
66.9 115.8 122.9 115.0 106.5 130.0 233.0 136.2 112.9 110.2
53.8
56.8
93.8 1,362. 6 1, 240.0
Indiana________ _____ ____________ _
21. 9
28.8
40.6
33.3
43.3
33.2
33.1
33.4
30.4
33.7
21.3
22.5
375.5
20.0
419.
5
I o w a ____- ______________ - .
__
10.0
15.2
26.3
20.5
36.9
21.6
19.3
18.5
16.8
17.4
3.9
6.5
7.9
212.9
160. 5
K ansas. ___________________________
9.9
12.5
15.8
13.5
14.3
12.7
11.3
12.6
14.6
10.6
10.0
11.5
10.9
149.3
134.8
K entucky__________________________
8.4
12.8
19.2
17.3
17.8
15.6
19.8
12.2
13.5
15.5
6.3
13.5
172.1
5.0
169 1
Louisiana______ __________ . . . ___
19.0
21.7
29.4
35.1
34.6
26.6
29.3
29.6
21.0
31.2
17.3
32.3
19.6
327.3
250.5
M aine______________________________
1.0
3.1
4.2
2.3
3.4
3.3
4.4
2.9
4.1
.9
.3
.7
29 2
.8
30.
7
M aryland. .............. ... ...............................
27.6
32.2
46.0
49.1
67.4
41.2
48.3
39.4
35.7
35.4
28.0
27.5
25.2
479. 3
448. 7
Massachusetts............................ ................
33. 2
34.1
42.1
41.0
34.8
48.3
68.8
47.4
50.3
31.5
14.0
24.0
24.2
469.5
440.5
M ichigan......................................................
40.3
66.3
95.7
88.1 104.8
88.3
90.6
83.3
78.9
64.5
27.7
38.8
43.9
867.3
933 4
Minnesota__________________________
22.1
29.3
55.6
40.8
54.4
45.6
39.8
51.5
60.4
22.1
14.1
449.8
10.1
18.1
390. 7
M ississippi_________________________
2. 5
3.9
6.7
3.1
4.8
3.2
6.6
3.9
2.9
7.3
7.5
2.2
54.5
54 2
3.0
M isso u ri...__________ _____ _________
23.4
50.7
35.2
39.4
32.3
40.7
40.4
31.1
31.9
23.1
18.7
17.8
385.2
29.0
302.0
M ontana________________________
1. 5
3.9
4.0
3.8
5.6
4.0
2.9
4.5
1.5
4.7
1.4
1.2
1.6
38.9
35.1
Nebraska___________________________
9.4
8.6
10.1
15.1
12.4
9.0
11.8
7.1
17.1
5.4
2.6
3.1
111.8
6.3
78.5
N evada____________________________
4. 6
4.7
4.4
4.1
5.4
4.3
5.9
5.7
8.3
3.8
4.7
63.2
2.0
3.1
60.2
N ew Hampshire........ .................................
3.0
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.7
3.2
4.3
2.7
2.5
3.4
2.0
.6
32.
7
30
1
4.6
N ew Jersey_________________________
46.6
63.9
77.0
62.8
73.3
75.0
65.6
80.0
62.6
76.7
27.1
51. 4
42.9
763.3
727 4
N ew Mexico___ _____ _______________
10. 2
7.8
15.1
15.0
11.6
12.9
11.4
12.1
6.8
8.5
7.5
11.5
6.3
134.5
88.4
N ew York_________ ____ ___________
120.2 134.6 126.8 160.7 181.2 129.3 128.3 145.7 122.1
99.4
91.3
81.6
90.1 1, 529.1 1,453.4
North Carolina________ ______ ______
15.7
20.1
17.1
20.1
19.6
17.4
20.9
26.3
22.7
17.6
18.0
16.1
10.5
231.7
194.3
North Dakota______________ ________
.4
2.9
6.4
5.3
5.3
4.6
7.9
4.6
5.6
1.6
.4
.3
.6
45.2
37.2
O h io ______________________________
78.2
77.3 122.6
97.5 108.2 116.3 115.8
98.2 118.8
78.7
51.5
44.9
60.5
1,116.5
1,093.7
Oklahoma......................................... ..........
13.1
11.0
16.6
14.1
14.5
18.3
13.2
16.8
14.4
22.6
15.9
10.3
7.4
180.9
' 121.3
Oregon..... ......................................................
10.7
10.0
19.3
16.7
17.0
16.0
18.4
22.7
36.2
12.9
9.7
8.3
7.6
197. 9
138 9
Pennsylvania_______________________
39.9
54.1
67.2
62.3
73.3
66.2
74.8
65.7
68.6
47.7
35.2
37.1
36.1
697.5
749! 3
Rhode Island...............................................
3.0
4.7
6.9
5.2
4.3
6.2
7.4
4.6
4.5
3.7
1.6
2.9
2.1
55.0
48.8
South Carolina............................................
5.3
4.9
6.5
6.9
5.6
6.0
7.5
9.3
6.6
5.4
4.8
5.1
3.7
74.0
63.4
South D akota.............................................
1.9
3.6
4.2
4.3
3.3
3.5
2.4
3.6
4.1
3.4
.6
.8
1.8
35.6
36.4
Tennessee__________________________
15.4
12.8
19.3
21.8
17.9
23.9
20.0
24.5
25.8
15.1
22.7
13.6
8.8
233.0
179.3
Texas______________________________
88. 9
88.3
99.4 106.1 112.3 128.0 108.1 103.7 102.4
97.6
77.4
83.9
64.0 1,196. 3 1,013.4
U tah....... .......................................................
12. 4
7.1
11.3
10.3
15.7
15.9
16.3
16.7
20.8
14.2
12.4
6.4
6.9
159.4
113.5
Vermont___________________________
3.1
.7
.6
1.3
.9
.5
2.7
.7
.6
1.1
.2
.2
.2
12.6
15.6
Virginia____________________________
32.1
30.3
86.0
40.2
44.3
47.3
58.1
38.5
36.2
34.8
26.5
29.0
18.6
502.9
385.2
W ashington................................. ...............
30.4
25.6
43.1
45.4
55.9
36.6
37.5
45.8
34.8
28.3
34.3
22.5
17.9
440.4
335.3
West Virginia_______________________
2.7
4.1
7.1
5.3
7.1
7.3
13.6
6.4
11.1
6.4
5.5
4.3
4.4
81.1
80.8
W isconsin__________________________
21.9
28.5
41.7
43.8
38.7
46.2
42.4
46.7
44.1
28.2
19.8
19.1
26.5
421.0
457.8
W yoming_________ _______________
2.0
1.8
2.4
2.6
3.5
2.3
3.1
3.1
2.0
2.6
1.8
1.3
1.3
29.0
21.1
1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
2Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8 Comprised of 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in 1950 Census.
Source : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistica
F.—BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-6.
485
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by ownership and location,
and construction c o s t1
Number of new dwelling units started
Total
Privately Publicly
owned
owned
1950.....................................................
1951.....................................- ..............
1952.......................... . .........................
1 953........................... .......................
1954.....................................................
1955............... ......................................
1956...................................................
1957......................................................
1958«_________________________
1,396,000
1,091,300
1,127,000
1,103,800
1,220,400
1,328,900
1,118,100
1,041,900
1,209,100
1,352,200
1,020,100
1,068, 500
1,068,300
1,201, 700
1,309,500
1,093,900
992, 800
1,141, 500
1954: First quarter_____________
Second quarter___________
Third quarter____________
Fourth quarter.....................
1955: First quarter...........................
Second quarter.......................
Third quarter.........................
Fourth quarter___________
1956: First quarter...........................
January...............................
February.............................
March..................................
Second quarter___________
April.....................................
M av_________ _____ ___
June................ ...................
Third quarter. ...................
July.......................................
August................................ September....................
Fourth quarter.......................
October________________
N o v em b er....................... .
December............................
1957: First quarter...........................
January...... ............ ............
February____________ .
March_____________ ___
Second quarter.......................
April______ ____ _______
M ay___ ______ _________
June........ .............................
Third quarter____________
July.....................................
A ugust.......... ............. .......
September......................... .
Fourth quarter.......................
October...............................
November....... ....................
December______________
1958: First quarter_____________
January________________
February______________
M a rch ... _____________
Second quarter___________
April.....................................
M ay___________________
June________ ____ ______
Third quarter........................
July.............................. .........
August ...............................
September..........................
Fourth quarter 3 _______
October________________
November 4____________
December 3____________
1959: First quarter_____________
January 3______________
February3____ _________
236,800
332,700
346,000
304,900
291,300
404,100
362,300
271,200
252,100
75,100
78,400
98,600
332,500
111,400
113, 700
107,400
298,900
101,100
103,900
93, 900
234, 600
93, 600
77,400
63,600
217,000
64,200
66,800
87,000
296,600
93,700
103,000
99,900
289,700
97,800
100,000
91,900
238, 600
97,000
78,200
63,400
215, 400
67,900
66,100
81,400
320, 500
99,100
108,500
112, 900
357,800
112,800
124,000
121, 000
315,400
115,000
109,400
91, 000
86,000
89,000
Metro Nonmetro North North
politan
politan
east Central South
places
places
43,800 1,021,600
71,200
776,800
58,500
794,900
35,500
803, 500
18, 700
896,900
19,400
975,800
24,200
779,800
49,100
699, 700
67,600
826, 800
374,000
314, 500
332,100
300,300
323, 500
353,100
338,300
342,200
382,300
232,200
326, 500
339,300
303, 700
288,000
397,000
357,800
266, 700
244,600
73, 700
77,000
93,900
325,300
109,900
110,800
104,600
292,900
99,000
103,200
90, 700
231,100
91,200
77,000
62,900
202,500
60,100
63,100
79,300
282,800
91,400
96,900
94, 500
280,900
93,900
96,800
90,200
226,600
88,400
75,700
62, 500
201, 200
62,900
61,000
77,300
296,800
94,200
101,300
101,300
334,100
108,600
114,600
110,900
309,400
112, 900
107,000
89, 500
4,600
6,200
6, 700
1,200
3,300
7,100
4,500
4,500
7,500
1,400
1,400
4,700
7,200
1,500
2,900
2,800
6,000
2,100
700
3,200
3,500
2,400
400
700
14,500
4,100
2,700
7,700
13,800
2,300
6,100
5,400
8,800
3,900
3,200
1,700
12,000
8,600
2,500
900
14,200
5,000
5.100
4.100
23, 700
4,900
7,200
11,600
23, 700
4,200
9,400
10,100
6,000
2,100
2,400
1,500
174,300
244,000
252,800
225,800
221,800
294,800
263,400
195,800
183,800
54,300
57,600
71,900
228,300
76, 200
77,600
74,500
202,900
69, 700
70,900
62,300
164,800
64,900
54,800
45,100
149,100
44,000
46,600
58,500
200,300
63,500
68,200
68,600
192,600
63,400
67,700
61, 500
157,700
61,800
52, 500
43,400
143, 700
44, 500
44,400
54,800
218,100
67,400
73,900
76,800
248, 400
80,600
82,800
85, 000
216,600
79,100
73,900
63, 600
62,500
88, 700
93, 200
79,100
69, 500
109,300
98,900
75,400
68,300
20,800
20,800
26, 700
104,200
35,200
36,100
32,900
96,000
31,400
33,000
31,600
69,800
28,700
22,600
18, 500
67, 900
20,200
19,200
28,500
96,300
30, 200
34.800
31,300
97,100
34,400
32,300
30,400
80,900
35,200
25, 700
20,000
71,700
23,400
21,700
26,600
102, 400
31, 700
34, 600
36,100
109.400
32,200
41,200
36,000
98,800
35,900
35,500
27,400
83,300
87,900
2,700
1,100
60,800
61, 500
25, 200
27, 500
* Excludes temporary units, conversions, dormitory accommodations,
trailers, and military barracks; Includes prefabricated housing If permanent.
These estimates are based on (1) monthly building-permit reports adjusted
for lapsed permits and for lag between permit Issuance and the start of con
struction, (2) continuous field surveys in nonpermit-issuing places, and (3)
reports of public construction contract awards.
Private construction costs are based on permit valuation adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construction
costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for Indi
vidual projects.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(in thousands)
Location
Period
0
0
0
0
243,100
273,100
228,800
195, 500
0
0
0
0
0
325,800
356,000
303,100
258,400
0
0
0
0
0
359, 700
389,000
334,200
346,300
0
West
59,100
76,100
75,800
80,800
78,900
88, 700
79,500
63,700
65,000
19,800
20,800
24,400
68,900
23,300
22,900
22,700
63,400
21,700
23,200
18,500
54, 700
19,800
19,000
15,900
56,400
18,200
17, 500
20, 700
65,900
22,000
22,700
21,200
61,300
20,100
19,900
21,300
58,100
23,200
18,800
16,100
59,700
20,100
19,200
20,400
74,000
21, 500
25,500
27,000
82, 500
28,400
28, 700
25,400
19, 900
20, 800
27,000
25,100
0
0
0
0
31, 800
28,900
0
0
0
0
36, 300
34,600
0
0
0
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
$11, 788, 595 $11,418,371
0
9, 800,892
0
9,186,123
10,208,983
9,706,276
0
10,488,003
10,181,185
0
291,800 12,478,237 12,309,200
310,800 14, 544,647 14,345,829
252,000 13,077,027 12,814, 776
241, 700 12,693,995 12,126, 800
14,502,923 13,685,067
0
47,400 52,700 77,600
67,300 98,400 90,900
72, 500 97,800 99,900
55,900 76,900 91,300
53,100 63,400 95,900
89,100 116,600 109, 700
75,400 108,000 99,400
55, 500 68,000 84,000
45, 700 68,200 83,200
12,400 15, 700 27,200
14,400 16,400 26,800
18,900 26,100 29,200
72,300 98,100 93,200
23,400 33,600 31,100
24,700 38,300 32, 800
24, 200 31,200 29,300
61,800 87,200 86,500
21,800 29,900 27, 700
20,800 29,200 30,700
19,200 28,100 28,100
49,000 59,600 71,300
20,100 26,200 27,500
16, 500 19,200 22,700
12,400 14, 200 21,100
33,800 46,800 80,000
9,300 10, 700 26,000
9,700 14,000 24,600
14, 800 22,100 29,400
60, 700 77,200 92,800
19,900 23, 700 28,100
20,900 25,700 33,700
19,900 27,800 31,000
57,900 79,300 91,200
19,200 27,000 31, 500
21,800 27,300 31,000
16,900 25,000 28,700
43,100 55,100 82,300
19,500 24,200 30,100
13,800 17,400 28,200
9,800 13, 500 24,000
27,400 40,200 88,100
8,100 11,000 28,700
7,000 11,200 28,700
12,300 18,000 30,700
63, 800 79,400 103,300
18,900 25, 700 33,000
23,400 27,000 32,600
21, 500 26, 700 37, 700
65,800 91,600 117, 900
19,600 28,600 36,200
22,200 30, 700 42,400
24,000 32, 300 39, 300
0
Total
0
0
0
0
$370,224
614i 769
502,707
306,818
169i 037
198,818
262; 251
567,195
817, 856
2,240,448
3,454, 571
3,590,366
3,192,852
3,076,198
4,416,285
4,025,441
3,026,723
2,846,008
814,448
887,138
1,144,422
3,923,607
1,309,175
1,346,587
1,267,845
3, 532,193
1,201,139
1,227,269
1,103,785
2, 775, 219
1,103,963
930,642
740,614
2,609,458
752,234
784,019
1,073,205
3,645,531
1,152,166
1,264,385
1,228,980
3, 535, 278
1,198,141
1, 207,763
1,129,374
2,903, 728
1,195,309
946,481
761,938
2, 546,848
792,427
781,091
973,330
3, 886, 703
1,192,101
1,323,709
1,370,893
4,297,469
1,362, 890
1, 466,281
1.468, 298
3, 771,903
1,405,196
1,298, 532
1, 068,175
2,199,446
3,398, 898
3, 528,471
3,182,385
3,043,959
4,349,159
3,981,182
2,971,529
2,761,446
800,665
871, 700
1,089,081
3,844,192
1,293,488
1,312,890
1,237,814
3,471, 787
1,179,266
1, 222,281
1,070,240
2,737,361
1,078,142
925,991
733, 218
2,432,406
704,917
751,813
975,676
3,479,262
1,123,385
1,191,789
1,164,088
3,443,443
1,154,771
1,176,600
1,112,072
2,771,689
1,098,140
921,444
752,105
2,381', 164
737,503
718,862
924, 799
3,606,142
1,136,659
1,237,717
1,231, 766
3,998, 531
1,311,702
1,346,297
1,340, 532
3, 699,230
1,378,326
1,269,279
1,05i; 625
41,002
65,673
OR 895
10; 467
32; 239
67; 126
44; 259
55; 194
84", 562
13; 783
15; 438
55; 341
79; 415
15', 687
33,697
30; 031
60; 408
21,873
4; 988
33; 545
37; 868
25; 821
4; 651
L 396
177; 052
4L 317
32; 206
97,529
166,269
28; 781
72; 596
64; 892
91,835
43,370
3i; 163
17; 302
132; 039
97; 169
25; 037
9,833
165; 684
64,924
62; 229
48, 531
280; 561
55, 442
85,992
139; 127
298', 938
51,188
119,984
127; 766
72', 673
26; 870
29,253
16; 550
1,007, 875
1,058,810
978, 775
1,046,010
29,100
12,800
»N ot available.
* Preliminary.
4 Revised.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Sotjece: T7.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1959
486
G.—Work injuries
T able
G -l.
Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries
Fourth quarter
Industry
Oct.
All manufacturing_____________________________
Food and kindred products:
M eat packing and custom slaughtering________
Sausages and other prepared meat products____
Poultry and small game dressing and packing—
Dairy products------- -------------------------------------Canning and preserving______________________
Grain-mill products__________________________
Bakery products.......................................... ................
Cane s u g a r ____ . . ________________________
Confectionery and related products____________
Bottled soft d r in k s_______ - _______________
M alt and malt liquors. . . . . ------- -- ----------Distilled liquors_______ ___ _________________
Miscellaneous food products__________________
Textile-mill products:
Cotton yarn and textiles______________________
Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles____ _ .
Woolen and worsted te x tile s ------ -- ---------------Knit'goods _ _ . _______ _________ _____ _
Dyeing and finishing textiles__________________
Miscellaneous textile g o o d s.._ -----------------------Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’.
. . _____________
Clothing, women’s and children’s_____________
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel__________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products_______
Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging_____ _________________ _____ ________
Sawmills and planing mills_____________ ______
Millwork and structural wood products________
Plywood mills______________________________
Wooden containers____________ _____ ____ ____
Miscellaneous wood products_________________
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal__________ ___
Metal household furniture_______ . . . _______
Mattresses and bedsprings----------- ------------------Office furniture___ ____ ________ . . . ----------Public-building and professional furniture______
Partitions and fixtures_______________ ________
Screens, shades, and blinds_________________ -Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills------------------Paperboard containers and boxes______________
Miscellaneous paper and allied products_______
Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals____ ______________
Bookbinding and related products_________ ___
Miscellaneous printing and publishing_____ . . .
Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chem icals________________
Plastics, except synthetic rubber....... ......................
Synthetic rubber_____________________________
Synthetic fibers_________ ___________________
Explosives___________________________________
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals-------Drugs and medicines ___________________ ____
Soap and related products____________________
Paints, pigments, and related products________
Fertilizers___________ ________ _____ . . . -----Vegetable and animal oils and fats------------------Compressed and liquefied gases______________ Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products____
Rubber products:
Tires and inner tu b e s ...-------------- ------------------Rubber footwear_________________ ______ ____
Miscellaneous rubber pro d u cts................ ..............
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing_________________
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings_________
Footwear (except rubber)_____________________
Miscellaneous leather products___________ ____
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products________________ _____
Structural clay products____________ __________
Pottery and related products . ------- --------------Concrete, gypsum, and mineral w o o l.. . . ------Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products-----See footnotes at end of table
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11.3
29.0
16.4
(3)
14.7
20.9
13.8
16.8
14.2
11.9
21. 7
14.6
7.5
12.5
7.8
8.2
Quar
ter
9.9
10.5
11.5
10.4
10.4
10.4
22.1 24.0 25.1
20.2
19.0
25.2
0 16.9
0 52.7
16.8
19.1
26.4
27.7
59.5
19.2
23.2
19.2
38.8
14.6
19.4
14.3
14.4
11.8
20.5
23.6
33.6
16.6
17.0
10.3
16.3
16.1
14.3
18.2
13. 5
7.1
11.9
21.5
35.7
15.5
15.7
13.3
16.2
19.3
13.7
19. 5
16.0
7.1
14.9
41.7
18.8
24.2
19.7
16.2
17.1
15.6
25.1
17.0
7.1
16.3
10.2
15.8
15.5
17.0
14.5
13.7
16.5
11.5
6.3
15.9
6.9
7.6
14.0
14.7
17.6
10.8
14.8
18.1
16.4
4.9
10.6
6.6
15.2
5.2
16.6
9.1
12.0
3.7
10.6
9.0
5.9
17.2
5.1
17.1
11.3
5.3
3.0
(3)
13.3
6.0 4.0
07.0 07.6
4.5
5.7
9.1
18.5
7.1
14.4
16.0
8.9
7.4
17.7
5.7
16.6
14.4
5.2
4.3
5.6
5.5
7.7
10.3
6.4
4.9
5.6
11.5
5.2
4.1
5.9
7.1
5.6
9.8
9.3
5.1
5.5
9.9
14.0
74.5
42.6
26.1
25.8
29.9
25.1
66.3
40.9
19.4
23.3
27. 2
24.8
60.8
38.3
21.9
61.3
36.9
24.7
22.5
28.1
23.3
26.1
60.7
42.7
23.6
21.9
32.4
27.4
16.1
17.0
11.7
12.5
13.4
16.8
12.8
10.6
21.2
13.6
13.7
18.4
15.7
17.7
17.1
13.9
18.0
16.3
19.9
14.6
9.4
14.8
8.9
10.3
14.6
11.4
8.6
12.0
9.9
9.7
12.9
8.7
8.4
8.9
8.4
7.0
8.7
8.5
7.2
9.3
11.4
7.4
3.8
4.0
1.4
2.4
4.4
4.1
3.1
16.8
7.7
19.3
10.9
16.5
17.7
21.4
15.8
14.2
8.9
08.3
4.6
4.3
03.4
03.4
8.1
8.0
6.5
0
32.2
0
15.7
11.0
7.8
06.9
12.6
15.2
15.7
14.6
15.6
18.4
8.6
20.8
12.2
15.2
11.3
8.1
20.1
15.9
17.9
18.3
19.2
25.8
23.6
23.1
21.3
08.0 09.9
11.8 5.9
9.4
34.8
15.6
19.5
15.8
9.0
32.1
16.6
19.8
19.4
22.0 23.5
08.8 09.7 08.0
8.8 10.2 11.1
10.1 10.8 9.0
37.0
15.8
34.7
16.9
26.7
31.7
17.5
21.4
09.2
2.8
08.7
17.3
19.0
14. 4
16.7
15.9
10.4
16.6
17.1
16.1
14.4
16.1
16.1
21. 9
15.7
14. 7
9.4
13. 7
9.7
9. 6
7.1
9.1
12. 9
.9
4.5
4. 3
2.3
4.4
4. 7
.2
3.0
3. 7
3.7
26.3
11. 4
14.4
24.5
9.3
14. 4
6.1
8.1
3.1
4.7
9. 5
10.3
08.1
23.1
16.8
.9
14. 2
18.5
20. 5
.2
14. 5
25.1
17.3
.9
12.3
9.3
29.3
13.3
21.5
13.9
27.4
17.0
21.4
14.3
34.0
15.4
9.0
32. 2
14.6
22. 4
12.7
12.2
15.4
18.1
20.0
20.3
16.4
9. 9
16.7
22.6 11.6
10.8 11.2
8.2
1
6
8.0
9.7
2.8
8.1
2.9
7.2
3.3
5.9
8.9
12. 5
28.4
23.2
25.4
9.4
29.7
11.7
19.2
11.5
9. 5
39.1
15.2
25.1
12.0
17.3
21.8
11.2 12.1 12.8
17.2
25.5
29. 5
10.0
9.4
30.9
12.0
10.6
29.0
30.9
21 21.6
22.0 23.9 22.6
15. 9
9.7
18.5
14.7
14.0
16. 5
16.3
19.0
19.3
28.5
30.5
8.9
12. 4
27.8
11.9
16.7
13.8
15.7
14. 8
14. 2
17. 2
15.0
63.4
36.4
19.9
11.5
20.3
24.2
10.4
14. 8
9.4
62.3
40.4
.8
23.9
28. 4
28.8
64.4
40.4
7.3
10. 4
15.0
22.4
13.3
15.3
09. 8
9. 4
66.7
40. 3
23.1
23.1
27. 2
25.1
62.8
41.1
.8
4.0
4.7
8.2
11.2
6.6
5.1
8. 2
8.2
8.0
7.1
5.3
3.7
10.5
4.8
4.3
.9
1. 7
2.7
4.0
.5
7.9
7.3
9.9
16.0
24.3
5.7
11. 5
5.5
5.1
7. 3
8.0
7.1
5. 4
7.4
9.4
4.0
5.1
3.2
3.4
1.9
2.1
18.1
5.8
13.9
15.0
15. 4
16.4
17.4
13.4
22.4
16.9
7.0
5. 4
9.7
11.3
6.0
4.9
4. 7
.2
3.4
1. 5
5. 4
.5
1.3
3.4
6.9
7.3
.8
16. 3
5. 6
14. 8
10.9
20.8
14.3
14.2
4.8
4. 4
3.1
1.2
2.6
3.3
6.8
15.8
37.1
17.0
16.4
8.3
11. 7
7.9
3.0
21.0
22.0
23.8
22.5
45.8
16.8
19.4
14.0
16.3
13.4
13.2
22. 3
15. 4
6.7
12.7
12.0
8.8
10.1
8.7
11.4
7.9
7.0
16.2
9.5
15. 9
5. 5
9.5
20.4
18.6
10.7
7.9
8.4
19.9
5.3
8.3
15.0
9.1
9.5
3.9
8.5
2.6
20.8
12.2 12.2
21.2
18.5
8.8
10.6
3.3
5.9
10.4
3.2
3.7
7.6
19.7
13.0
15.8
16.8
20.1
39.8
17.0
19.9
16.5
17.0
14.1
13.0
16.7
13.2
6.7
13.3
12.6
3.0
5.4
11.7
3.0
7.6
8.8
28.2
15.7
14.2
2.6
1.6
4.1
6.0
6.1
7.7
12.8 10.8
14.4
11.3
13.6
14.2
13.8
11.7
24.8
12.3
14.6
2.8
2.4
3.7
7.6
8.6
11.6
10.2 15.9
14.4
25.3
14.4
13.4
20.4
11.9
43.4
15.2
25.6
16.6
8.7
0.1
06.1 17.1
12.6
4.9
5.1
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.7
7.2
7.6
11.3
11.5
28.0
8.7
14.9
3.8
3.9
7.4
8.7
22.1
23.3
16.2
7.2
6.1 3.7 4.8
3.8
4.7
2.9
03.0 04.3 2.1
3.6
1.6
02.6 04.1 3.4
6.8 6.7 7.2
8.1
8.9
7.4
9.8
6.2 7.5
11.6
0
0
26.5
25.0
21.7
0 12.7
0 10.4
13.8
12.8
3.4
3.9
7.8
08.4
6.2
17.1
7.4
7.0
15.8
5.2
12.3
13.0
14.1
17.4
24.9
18.6
17.2
16.5
9.7
14.9
23.3
16.1
9.4
14.9
7.2
6.3
15.7
7.0
14.7
66.7
35.7
27.9
24.8
28.2
26.5
9.0
13.0
15.0
16.8
17.2
6.7
6.3
16.0
4. 5
13.9
64.0
38.8
24.2
23.0
26.0
28.1
9.4
16.1
8.9
41.1
17.9
21.3
12.9
16.2
15.8
7.9
7.0
18.9
5.9
16.0
13.1
12.1
10.6
11.6
21.6 20.6 21.1 20.0
20.6 21.4
20.8 24.9
24.0
7.2
7.3
14.8
4.7
14.8
9.7
62.6
35.6
19.8
18.1
33.2
23.0
0
11.7
17.0
17.0
11.9
14.3
27.9
17.0
6.5
14.2
63.3
44.2
24.8
25.6
18.0
33.9
10.8
11.0 12.1
20.4
18.7
0
0
20.0
12.0
17.4
14.5
17.2
13.2
13.4
18.9
14.2
6.3
12.9
6.0
Annual
average
Third Second First Fourth Third Seconc First Fourth
quar quar quar quar quar quar quar quar 1958 2 1957
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
Dec.
Nov.
1956
1957
1958 2
8.0
09.3
13.4
8.0
30.2
17.7
23.7
13.1
3.6
6.6
6
8.8
2.8
2.2
21
15. 0
13. 2
8
2
1.8
7.0
7.1
6
7. 4
7. 7
10.1
10.0 10.6
13. 2
15. 5
18. 5
30.1
7.6
14. tj
2.7
8
10.0
8.6 10.0
8
21.8
13.4
3.2
6.2
8
O.—WORK INJURIES
T able
G -l.
487
Injury-frequency rates 1 for selected manufacturing industries—Continued
1958 2
Industry
Fourth quarter
Oct.
Prim ary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel mills____ ______ _______
Gray-iron and malleable foundries_____________
Steel foundries__________________ ________
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying-..........
Nonfcrrous foundries_________________________
Iron and steel forgings________________________
W ired ra w in g ___ _ - _ - - . - ____________
Welded and heavy-riveted pipe_______________
Gold-finished steel— _ ________ ____ ________
Eabricated metal products:
T in cans and other tinware___________ —_____
Cutlery and edge tools_______________________
Hand tools, files, and s a w s . .. -----------------------Hardware-------- -------------------------------Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies_________
Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus-----Structural steel and ornamental metal work____
Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim ____________
Boiler-shop products----- ---------------------------Shcet-metal work___
_________ - ----Stamped and pressed metal products__ _______
Metal coating and engraving.
- ------------Fabricated wire p r o d u c ts.-------- -------------------M etal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails__________
Steel springs_________ ____ __________ _______
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets------- ---------------Screw-machine products____ - Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified-.
M achinery (except electrical):
Engines and turbines------- -----------------------------Agricultural machinery and tractors. . ---------Construction and mining machinery----------------Metalworking machinery_____________________
Food-products machinery------ ---------- ------------Textile machinery------- ------------- -- . ---------Miscellaneous special-industry machinery--------Pumps and compressors....................... .....................
Elevators, escalators, and conveyors----------------Mechanical power-transmission equipment (ex
cept ball and roller bearings)-------- ------------Miscellaneous general industrial machinery____
Commercial and household machinery_________
Valves and fittings-------------------------------Fabricated pipe and fittings_______________ . . .
Ball and roller bearings.. ------------------ ---------Machine shops, general_______________________
Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus________________
Electrical appliances----- ----------- -----------------Insulated wire and cable...
---------- --------------Electrical equipment for vehicles______________
Electric lamps (bulbs)________________________
Radios and related products________________
Radio tubes__________ . . . . . . ------- -----Miscellaneous communication equipment____
Batteries____________ ________
___ _
_
Electrical products, not elsewhere classified___
Transportation equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers----------------Motor-vehicle parts and accessories____________
A ircraft__ - _______
- ________
. _
Aircraft parts_____ ---------------------------Ship building and repairing____
___ ____ _
Boat building and repairing__
-_ _______
Railroad equipment___ _
. -----------...
Instruments and related products:
Scientific instruments_______ . . . _____________
Mechanical measuring and controlling instru
m ents_____ ________ . . . -------------- ------ -----Optical instruments and le n s e s ..-____________
Medical instruments and supplies_____________
Photographic equipment and supplies____
Watches and clocks------- ------------------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing:
Paving and roofing materials__________________
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware___ _____
Fabricated plastics products__________ _ _____
Miscellaneous manufacturing_________________
_______ _
Ordnance and accessories________
3.6
21.9
18.0
8.4
24.1
13.8
15.1
11.3
5.8
4.3
(3)
13.3
Dec.
4.0
3.9
18.6
13.2
9.7
3.9
20.7
14.8
20.8
20.7
13.2
13.8
10.3
7.4
13.0
6.2
16.7
13.4
13.4
10.8
8.1
7.8
18.3
4.5
(3)
14.6
7.5
9.9
17.2
20.6
20.6
18.6
20.7
16.7
10.5
(3)
18.8
(3)
(3)
16.6
16.6
18.2
9.6
(3)
13.3
(3)
(3)
14.3
6.9
11.7
8.6
Third
Quar quar
ter
ter
N ov.
21.8
12.4
12.5
8.5
8.5
7.9
(3)
15.5
8.4
12.4
13.6
18.7
13.0
16.6
20.5
8.9
(3)
13.1
(3)
(3)
13.4
13.5
10.5
8.1
5.5
6.8
14.4
8.1
9.8
16.4
19.9
16.2
18.1
18.4
9.7
19.2
15.1
(3)
(3)
3.6
24.7
17.3
10.3
15.1
13.8
13.7
10.3
11.2
7.0
12.7
16.2
7.7
11.1
12.6
20.6
15.6
20.4
20.3
10.2
19.7
18.5
(3)
(3)
12.7
9.4
quar
ter
quar
ter
quar
ter
3.5
3.6
22.3
14.6
9.2
18.2
16.5
10.4
3.9
21.9
17.2
4.4
26.8
21.5
10.9
17.1
16.3
13.7
4.1
24.7
24.3
9.7
10.6
6.6
11.1
3.9
26.8
19.1
10.4
18.1
18.0
9.6
11.5
10.9
12.2
10.8
12.8
11.6
13.5
12.3
10.8
5.2
11.3
14.0
6.7
13.5
14.8
22.4
15.0
5.1
12.5
14.2
7.7
9.2
13.4
17.8
15.9
19.9
18.0
9.4
19.7
17.8
7.5
17.0
13.1
6.0
6.6
8.0
5.7
13.1
17.0
7.4
13.2
15.2
13.2
17.9
7.1
9.4
13.1
23.2
13.8
23.8
24.5
9.6
22.5
18.3
13.9
19.0
11.5
13.8
16.8
18.0
11.0
21.1
13.7
10.3
17.7
12.7
11.9
11.9
6.7
4.9
13.2
16.7
7.3
10.7
12. 5
19.9
12.5
18.5
20.4
8.6
8.7
7.7
11.0
11.0
12.3
8.4
7.3
11.2
8.1
11.2
12.7
13.4
13.8
16.0
7.9
14.3
7.3
6.4
8.7
13.0
9.1
9.2
7.9
8.7
9.2
13.8
10.3
12.3
12.6
8.0
11.4
13.4
5.8
11.3
9.7
10.8
10.0
11.6
5.6
4.9
11.7
5.4
10.4
5.3
11.8
12.0
8.1
(3)
(3)
9.3
9.3
(3)
6.4
11.6
12.3
4.9
7.7
9.8
6.2
10.8
8.1
8.2
15.5
5.4
6.3
10.2
3.4
(3)
4.3
2. 5
2.1
15.3
(3)
5.6
5.5
5.0
4.6
12.5
3.6
(3)
3.4
2.3
2.4
13.1
(3)
2.1
(3)
3.8
2.4
2.3
9.3
00
7.3
11.4
9.2
13.5
10.6
20.4
19.6
18.3
(3)
18.3
8.1
6.1
21.0
8.1
10.1
9.4
8.5
11.4
8.2
10.7
7.5
8.7
9.6
14.0
10.5
12.0
9.9
13.3
7.7
8.9
12.4
8.0
10.2
8.8
16.0
14.9
12.7
9.3
10.8
8.1
12.2
12.4
10.7
8.8
10.0
10.6
12.0
9.7
11.7
5.0
12.5
15.0
7.3
11.9
12.3
5.4
13.1
13.4
9.2
10.9
10.5
5.3
13.5
17.3
8.5
3.1
4.5
3.8
2.4
2.3
12.8
2.6
13.3
13.7
6.2
15.7
20.4
9.3
16.1
15.6
16.3
8.3
15.0
5. 5
7. 5
11. 8
7.8
8.1
17.8
15.5
10.3
14.8
13.3
14.4
11.7
7.9
9.7
9. 7
13.8
13.2
16.1
7.0
14.5
16.8
8.5
15.1
4.5
4.7
6.1
6.2
3.0
4.6
19.3
28.3
8. 3
3.0
4.3
17.5
34.2
6. 8
4.3
6.5
2.4
4.1
17.1
28.4
8 5
1.6
2.4
11.6
6.2
14.2
15.5
11.4
11.9
3 9
6 4
2. 5
4. 4
16.9
25.0
9.1
52
4.2
5.5
2.4
4.1
15.3
27.5
7.1
4.1
5.7
2.1
12.5
13.0
3 4
3 2
4.2
3 1
3. 2
12.5
4. 7
5.2
11.6
11.5
5 5
5 7
10 3
3 4
3 2
4.8
2 4
3 2
12.7
8 3
5.8
4 9
12.0
11.3
4. 3
10.8
16.0
12.8
5.8
9.5
11.4
12.1
6 4
11.8
13.2
5.2
4.0
1.9
3.1
4.1
2. 5
4.9
10.1
8.0
4. 7
3. 7
4.7
1. 5
2. 6
10.9
53
2.6
6.8
9.2
20.4
16.4
14.5
8.6
8.8
10.6
6.2
11.8
19.4
20.0
11.6
14.7
9.6
17.2
14.7
15.8
12.3
20.0
15.2
7.4
11.4
14.2
20.7
14.8
19.9
20.8
12.0
10.2
16.7
12.7
15.4
8.6
13.9
15.2
22.4
19.4
23.0
22.4
10.9
7.9
18.3
12.9
14.4
9.8
16.2
12.1
10.8
9.8
5.4
12.1
12.9
8.1
11.4
50
52
10 0
17 9
17 5
12 2
12 0
10 7
6 3
13 9
15 7
7 7
11 2
14 4
21 fi
15 9
23 0
20 8
10. 4
21 8
17 8
12.1
19.2
11 5
13 6
12 0
7 5
8 4
14 9
9. 7
13.4
11 9
15. 4
13.0
14 2
12 3
13 2
6 2
14 8
17 7
8. 6
14 5
5.4
6.1
10.8
3 7
3 1
3.8
n 8
3.9
3.1
d R
2 1
2.9
2.0
2.6
12.1
12.6
4 4
5.1
4.0
2.9
3.7
4.1
5.9
3.9
5.1
4. 5
5. 2
4. 3
3 0
4 5
4.8
7.7
(3)
4.7
(3)
3.6
7.5
(3)
4.6
(3)
9.9
5.7
3.8
6.3
4.6
8.4
6.4
5.1
6. 5
6 1
6.0
6.4
3.6
5.7
4. 5
5.6
5.6
6.4
6.8
6.2
6.6
5.5
5.5
9.6
5.6
5.2
6.9
7. 0
6.3
4.7
6. 7
8. 5
Ra
5.1
0 Q
(3)
5.5
5.0
6.4
5.8
4.5
(3)
8.5
13.3
11.9
3.5
(3)
4.3
13.4
12.9
2.4
6.1
8.8
9.0
13.4
11.9
3.0
10.1
6.8
11.1
6.5
9.0
17.3
15.1
4.1
6.4
7.6
13.8
13.0
5.2
(3)
13.7
13.5
11.1
3.1
2.8
4. 5
5.6
10.9
3.3
3.1
4.1
1. 7
7.6
9.0
15.6
17.7
16.4
20.3
12.4
4 0
25 1
20 7
4.3
5.3
(3)
2.6
2.2
2.6
4.8
4.9
7.9
4.0
11.8
13.6
11.3
20.1
3.6
22.4
15.0
9.5
18.1
14.0
12.4
4.2
16.3
(3)
6.5
12.2
4.8
4.8
4.1
2.5
4.0
1.9
3.4
14.8
5.7
4.8
5.0
13.1
3.6
2.9
3.2
18.5
9.5
18.2
9.9
13.6
11.7
4. 5
27.1
21.0
10.6
1957
4.5
4.5
3.2
3.1
14.5
(3)
5.4
2.6
4.4
4.5
5.2
5.0
11.8
16.7
14.3
7.6
13.7
9.5
14.7
14.0
14.9
12.7
14.5
11.8
5.2
11.2
22.2
8.1
10.3
10.6
11.8
22.6
6.6
11.8
8.0
14.0
24.9
19.0
20.1
7.1
11.9
7.8
22.6
23.4
21.7
20.8
11.6
10.4
14.3
12.6
11.2
8.0
11.1
8.8
12.9
16.1
22.5
19.2
13.1
13.4
13.3
12.0
11.7
Fourth
quar 1958 2
ter
quar
ter
7.6
7.6
10.3
9.8
12.8
10.2
10.6
Annual
average
quar
ter
7.3
5.8
10.8
1956
quar
ter
24.0
13.4
(3)
(3)
10.3
8.5
11.4
(3)
8.9
4.0
13.8
20.7
7.0
4.8
5.6
2.9
4.5
15.9
24.6
8.7
4.2
16.2
31.2
7.1
4.5
5.2
2.5
4.6
15.4
25.8
6.9
4.4
10.2
for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a)
results in death or permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured
worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job which is
open and available to him throughout the hours corresponding to his regular
shift on any one or more days after the day of injury (including Sundays, days
off, or plant shutdowns). The term “injury” includes occupational disease.
2 Rates are preliminary and subject to revision when final annual data
become available.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1957
8.8
7.3
13.5
3.4
2.8
6.6
5.8
13.3
11.2
3.2
6.8
9.4
4.4
4.4
8.4
6.4
15.5
12.9
3.2
14.7
12.4
3.2
5. 2
4. 7
5. 3
d 4
2.8
4. 5
15. 5
25.6
7 4
2 7
4 3
17 3
29 8
7.7
6 1
6.3
4 2
4 7
4.8
6.1
6 6
5. 5
4. 4
6 1
56
11.0
7.3
7.3
14.9
11. 5
4.4
7. 6
7.1
13.4
12.4
3.1
8 4
7 6
14 4
12.9
4.2
7.3
12.3
11.4
4.6
5. 2
3 Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
N ote: These data are compiled in accordance with the American Standard
Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by
the American Standards Association, 1954.
Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is given in Techniques of
Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959
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BLS Bull. 1240-5: Occupational Wage Survey—Dallas, Texas, October 1958.
24 pp. 25 cents.
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permit. Write to Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. D epartm ent of Labor, Washington 25,
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BLS Report No. 140: Wage Structure—Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats,
March 1958. 54 pp.
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G overnment P rinting Office
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