Full text of Monthly Labor Review : April 1958, Vol. 81, No. 4
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Monthly
Labor
Review
A P R IL 1 9 5 8
V O L. 81 N O .
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MAY 8 1958
pyaLtu LioRARY
Papers from the AMA Midwinter Personnel Conference
Salaries of City Public School Teachers, 1955-57
Major W age Developments in 1957
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Since 1947
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
James P. Mitchell, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E
w an
C lague,
J.
H
enry
H
erm an
W.
D
Commissioner
F it z g e r a l d ,
B.
uane
B yer,
E
v ans,
P h il ip A r n o w ,
Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Arnold E. Chase, Chief, Division of Construction Statistics
H. M. D outy, Chief, Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
J oseph P. Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Commissioner
L eon Greenberg , Chief, Division of Productivity and Technological Developments
R ichard F. J ones, Chief, Office of Management
W alter G. K eim , Chief, Office of Field Service
P aul R. K ersciibaum , Chief, Office of Program Planning
L awrence R. K lein , Chief, Office of Publications
F rank S. M cE lroy, Chief, Division of Industrial Hazards
H. E. R iley , Chief, Division of Prices and Cost of Living
Abe R othman, Acting Chief, Office of Statistical Standards
Oscar W eigert , Special Assistant to the Commissioner
M orris W eisz, Chief, Division of Foreign Labor Conditions
F aith M, W illiams, Chief, Office of Labor Economics
S eymour L. W olfbein , Chief, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
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Monthly Labor Review
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR . BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
L a w r e n c e R . K l e i n , Editor-in-Chief
M a r y S. B e d e l l , Executive Editor
CONTENTS
Special Articles
369 Papers from the AMA Personnel Conference
369
Job Evaluation for Nonproduction Employees
373
A Closer Look at College Recruiting
376
Advance Planning for Plant Relocation
377 Major Wage Developments in 1957
384 Salaries of City Public School Teachers, 1955-57
Summaries of Studies and Reports
388
392
398
403
408
410
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Since 1947
Earnings in the Philadelphia Knitted-Outerwear Industry, 1956
Union Wage Scales in the Printing Industry, July 1, 1957
Absence and Overtime in Relation to Wage and Number of Dependents
Preliminary Estimates of Work Injuries in 1957
Text of the AFL-CIO Resolution on Interunion Raids
Departments
hi
418
426
411
414
419
421
427
432
THE FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Labor Month in Review
Conferences and Institutes, May 16 to June 15, 1958
Union Conventions, May 16 to June 15, 1958
Foreign Labor Briefs
Significant Decisions in Labor Cases
Chronology of Recent Labor Events
Developments in Industrial Relations
Book Reviews and Notes
Current Labor Statistics
April 1958 • Voi. 81 • No. 4
A rea Manpower Guidebook
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For use in plant location studies, economic and market research, planning
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For 174 Metropolitan Labor M arket Areas
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• Occupational and industrial characteristics
• Labor market developments since 1940
• Maps
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Plus a Summary and Highlights Section
An analysis of variations in area industrial characteristics and employment
growth.
Prepared by: Bureau of Employment Security
U. S. Department of Labor
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(25 percent discount on orders of 100 copies or more)
The Labor Month
in Review
M id-April was a period of suspended activity
for many of the more important matters of domes
tic labor interest. Bargaining between the United
Auto Workers and the Big Three auto manu
facturers bad begun, but were expected to con
tinue for at least another month before the out
come would be known. The Easter recess of
Congress bad just ended, with action expected
on some of the more critical anti-recession pro
posals and other legislation affecting labor. The
McClellan committee paused between its inquiry
into strike violence by the Auto Workers and its
renewed investigation of Teamster officials’ mal
practices; the committee bad already issued a
report and some legislative recommendations.
O verseas, however, there have been a number of
significant strikes, mainly over wages, but occa
sionally, motivated by political considerations.
West Germany.—The Trade Union Federation
led a demonstration against nuclear weapon
bases in the country, and threats of a general
strike were made. Earlier, a 1-day protest strike
of 225,000 municipal employees took place over
wage matters. In addition, there were walkouts
for wage increases by textile, transport, and
metal workers. On April 11, 180,000 steelworkers
by a margin of only 369 votes accepted a wage
offer and avoided a strike.
France.—All three trade union centers, with
unusual cooperation, joined in support of 24hour strikes of Government workers and employ
ees of nationalized communications and mining
industries for wage increases to meet recent
inflationary trends. Although the widely emu
lated Renault agreement, with its semiannual
escalation of wages, was renewed, the “improve
ment factor” feature was considered by many
unionists as too small in relation to current price
rises.
Spain.—Inflation and working conditions lay
behind partially successful strikes and slow
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downs of coal miners and factory workers in
northern areas of the country, but the actions
also brought suspension of certain constitutional
guarantees limiting police power. These sus
pensions brought protests from the International
Confederation of Free Trade Unions to the
United Nations and to the International Labor
Organization.
Japan.—The spring strikes (by now conducted
with an almost ceremonial regularity) affected
about a half million workers in several industries,
including transportation, mining, and post offices.
Small monthly wage increases were granted.
Argentina.—Bank workers struck for 50 days to
win an interim wage increase pending the May 1
inauguration of the country’s president-elect.
About 8,000 of the strikers were freed after their
arrests when the 40,000 bank workers were
mobilized into the army. Other recent strikes
of oil, construction, and rail workers for wage
increases were unsuccessful in the face of Govern
ment opposition, although the unions were antiCommunist and anti-Peron.
Cuba.—Caught up in the political maelstrom
which threatens the security of the Batista govern
ment, labor is divided in its allegiance. Officials
of the Confederation of Cuban Workers proclaim
a neutrality as between Batista and the revolu
tionist, Fidel Castro, but some observers feel that
a substantial portion of the membership is opposed
to Batista. Castro, without open support of trade
union leaders, has been unable to mount the gen
eral strike necessary to his bid for power.
(In mid-March, the $24 million Habana Hilton
Hotel, owned by the Cuban Culinary Workers’
pension fund, opened for business. Cuban law
requires investment of pension reserves. The
Hilton interests guarantee payment of $1 million
annually for 20 years, plus two-thirds of annual
profits over $300,000. Casino rental of $1 million
a year also goes to the pension fund. Success of
the venture waits upon early resolution of the
national political crisis.)
C ollective bargaining in the United States,
carried on amidst uncertain economic conditions,
was circumspect and hard. For example: Amer
ican Motors asked the UAW for a 2-year wage
freeze. Electric Auto-Lite asked the same union
for lower minimum scales, departmental rather
than plantwide seniority, and a 5-year contract
among other alternatives to “the beginning of the
in
IV
end” of its Toledo operations. The Detroit
Fenestra Co. asked pay and fringe benefit cuts
which the UAW says amounts to 62 cents an hour.
In the aircraft industry, the UAW rejected
North American’s offer of a 1-year contract which
would incorporate escalator increases into basic
wage rates and liberalize fringe benefits. How
ever, the union settled with Chance Vought for
8 to 11 cents an hour increases (no cost-of-living
escalator clause was in force), liberalized vacation
and sick benefits, and a 1-year reopener in a 2-year
contract. The Machinists rejected an offer by
Lockheed Aircraft, but on April 7 accepted a 2year contract with Republic Aviation which
granted a 10 to 14 cents an hour increase (the
previous contract had no cost-of-living escalator
clause), with another 10 cents in April 1959. (The
Machinists, on second try, approved a referendum
raising dues to create a special fund from which
strike benefits of $35 a week would be paid after
the fund accumulates $2 million.)
A nnouncement on A pril 9 that the seasonally
adjusted unemployment rate had risen from 6.7 to
7.0 percent preceded resumption in Congress of
consideration of the Administration’s unemploy
ment insurance benefit extension bill. Previously
Congress had approved and the President signed
a bill to provide $1.5 billion (matched by $300
million in State money) to speed up highway con
struction. The President also approved a $1.8
billion housing bill and ordered down payments
eliminated from home purchases under the Service
men’s Readjustment Act.
Legislative remedies, in the main following cer
tain of those earlier recommended by the Adminis
tration, were suggested by the Senate Select Com
mittee on Improper Activities in the Labor or
Management Field, to regulate and control union
finances and funds, strengthen and insure demo
cratic practices within unions, and curb activities
of middlemen in labor-management disputes. Leg
islation apart, the committee’s report, issued
March 24, was criticized severely by AFL-CIO
President George Meany as using the misdeeds
of a few labor leaders “to smear the trade union
movement.” Senator Pat McNamara, who dis
sented from the report, later withdrew as a com
mittee member.
In another legislative development, the United
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Mine Workers helped defeat a bill, supported by
the Kentucky Medical Association, which, accord
ing to testimony before the Kentucky legislature,
would have seriously crippled the medical and
hospital program of the miners’ welfare and re
tirement fund in the State. In essence, the bill
would have required any medical and hospital
program to provide “freedom of choice” of phy
sician to its beneficiaries. The UMW hospitals,
like Veterans Administration institutions, provide
their own staffs.
The National Labor Relations Board on March
27 explained how a union hiring hall may be
legally operated. So long as union membership is
not a factor in a union’s referral of a worker to an
employer, no infraction of the Taft-Hartley Act
takes place. Any other legal selective standard
may be applied, the Board ruled, adding that the
employer must always have the right to reject
any applicant referred.
One merger of former State AFL and CIO
organizations took place late in March—Florida—
the 36th thus to be achieved. In Michigan, a
court held that funds of the old Michigan Federa
tion of Labor must go to the new merged State
organization rather than remain with a rump
group sympathetic to Teamster President James
R. Hoffa.
Election in mid-March of George Baldanzi,
once known as the William Jennings Bryan of
labor, as president of the former AFL United
Textile Workers was a surprise at a special cleanup
election held by the union, which is on probation
by the AFL-CIO for corruption. Several years
ago Baldanzi led a secessionist movement from
the CIO textile union, and more recently has been
a Teamster representative. The AFL-CIO had
expressed hope for unity between the two organi
zations.
Labor’s Daily, established in September 1952
by the International Typographical Union, sus
pended publication on March 29. The union
originally had started the paper as stop-gap com
petition for publishers with whom it had disputed.
Later developed into a national publication, it
achieved an objectivity in news treatment unique
in its field. A special AFL-CIO committee was
unable to rally support for it when the ITU
announced it was for sale to the labor movement.
Papers from the AMA Personnel Conference
E ditor’s N ote.— The three articles which follow are excerpts from papers
presented at the annual Mid-Winter Personnel Conference of the American
Management Association in Chicago, February 17-19, 1958. The selection
of papers was based on the probable interest of Review readers and in no way
reflects on the value of others presented at the 20-odd conference sessions.
Minor changes in wording and titles have been made without notation, and
suspension marks to denote deletions have been eliminated in the interest
of readability.
Job Evaluation for
Job Evaluation Factors
Nonproduction Employees
Training. The first factor we consider is called
the T factor, which symbolizes training. It was
discovered that what industry pays in added
salary for the added ability that can be developed
by 1 year of training is a percentage figure that
varies by remarkably small amounts from one
company to another regardless of industry or city
and type of training. For example, this percent
age is the same for a shop apprentice just out of
high school as for a graduate engineer. Astonish
ingly, it is the same rate by which doctors,
dentists, and lawyers increase their earnings
during their first year of private practice. Simi
larly, an analysis of what is paid for these jobs
of varying skill in each successive year indicated
a uniform percentage of increased value in each
type of position. Therefore, we were able to
develop a law which could be interpreted mathe
matically in terms of percentages or ratios for
each year of preparation.
As a result of this analysis, a few simple rules
became apparent:
1. For any individual it takes more time to get
more ability.
2. More time does not always result in more
ability.
3. Equal amounts of training time produce
unequal (diminishing) increments of ability.
H erbert
V. W. S cott *
J ob e v a l u a t i o n as a tool of management for the
administration of wages and salaries was developed
several years ago. The earlier methods of evalu
ation were initially applied to production or direct
labor jobs and were designed for this purpose.
With no other method available than that designed
for production jobs, management started to use
this method for the evaluation of indirect labor
jobs and then for clerical jobs and later for techni
cal and supervisory positions. No one method is
adequate to evaluate jobs in all levels of produc
tion, staff, and executive management. Needless
to say, positions at the level of corporate adminis
trative management must be given additional
consideration with relation to other forms of
compensation, such as profit sharing.
Statistical job analysis, combined with psycho
logical analysis of the incumbent in the respective
job, shows that the most effective job and salary
evaluation plan is one of relatively few job factors.
This applies not only to hourly rate production
jobs but to salaried staff jobs as well. Our salary
job evaluation technique as applied to clerical,
technical, and supervisory positions makes use of
only four factors.
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•Senior Partner, Stevenson, Jordan & Harrison, Inc., New York City.
369
370
4. For any one individual, there is a ceiling
beyond which he cannot develop any increase in
ability from a specified course of training no
matter how long it is extended. (He may acquire
more ability if the training conditions are changed.)
Rule 4 has great significance in job evaluation
because, in many cases, the only form of training
that is available is practice doing the work on the
job.
Our system of job evaluation seeks to measure
the “ceiling” of increased ability which can be
attained by continued work on a specified job.
If the time to reach that ceiling is short, there is
little increase in ability, and hence there should
be correspondingly little increase in salary for
those who remain on the job—no salary increase
after the ceiling has been reached (except where
the company has a policy of paying for length of
service without relation to any increase in ability).
On the other hand, if the time to reach the
ceiling is long (on some higher jobs, it may be so
long that few reach it before retirement age), then
there should be a job maximum salary sufficiently
above the minimum so that the man on the job
may receive many salary increases as his ability
increases year after year.
Aptitude. [An additional rule substantiated by
the studies is:] When several persons receive the
same course of training (attend the same classes,
or work on the same job), some will develop more
ability than others in the same length of time.
Since the training opportunity is the same, the
difference must be caused by differences in the
individuals themselves. This difference in persons
which causes one to get more benefit than another
from identical training opportunity we call apti
tude.
Once the value of T was found, it was not diffi
cult to isolate the percentage which employers
pay extra to get more than average of the two
aptitude factors, D and P. Therefore, we were
able to adopt the rule that the increases in salaries
that result from a specified amount of extra apti
tude are not an added amount in dollars but rather
are a fixed percentage. This means that the job
value is obtained by multiplying the factor value
instead of adding points as other systems do.
The second factor we consider is the D aptitude
factor. This is symbolic of decisions. Both our
statistical and psychological analyses of people
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
and job data indicate that all people are alike in
the kinds of abilities they possess. They differ
only in the amounts and the proportion of these
identical abilities. All people have some D apti
tude; hence they can make wise decisions within
the scope of their experience.
The D aptitude produces the ability to perceive
cause and effect relationships. As the number of
alternatives increases and the variety of possible
results increases and the certainty of any one
result becomes less, there is need for higher D
aptitude to reach the best decision. While at
this point, we are speaking in general terms re
garding the D factor, we have developed many
subsidiary definitions that are used in the evalua
tion process. For instance, the evaluator must
determine to what extent this job requires the
ability to think analytically, to make sound
judgments, and to work creatively.
The need for D aptitude is evident when it is
seen that the process of management is made up
of deciding what should be done and seeing that
others do what they are expected to do. There
fore, the first function of management depends
almost wholly on D aptitude properly developed
by training time, T.
The next factor is the P aptitude factor. This
might be symbolic of people. It covers the func
tion of control, getting people to do what it was
planned that they should do. It has been found
helpful to divide the P factor into two separate
aptitudes. P-1 supplies consideration for the
feelings of others, tact, ability to win friends,
salesmanship that persuades people to buy, concil
iation that soothes antagonism. P-2 supplies the
“drive,” the motive power to get things done in
spite of opposition, the determination to succeed.
The first subfactor is “soft” without the supple
ment of P-2. The second may be ruthless without
P-1. The combination of the two produces high
value throughout many jobs.
The last factor is the S aptitude which is sym
bolic of special requirements for the job. This is
seldom needed, but in some rare cases it explains
salary differentials not explainable by the other
three factors. A special aptitude is not a different
kind of ability but rather an unusual amount of
ability that all persons have to some degree. For
example, all people can learn to sing but only a few
can become successful concert soloists. It is
required in jobs which call for artistic ability or
JOB EVALUATION FOR NONPRODUOTION EMPLOYEES
certain other highly developed skills in a narrow
class of work such as the glassblower who makes
complicated laboratory equipment, the jet air
plane test pilot who must possess certain aptitudes
beyond those of the ordinary pilot.
On all of these factors, we are not evaluating
the person. We are evaluating the attributes re
quired to perform the job.
A Job Evaluation System
I shall not attempt to describe the complete
statistical process by which the grades of each
factor were defined and numerical values de
termined for each grade representing salary differ
entials. These values were determined as the
result of analyzing thousands of jobs in many
industries and determining what differentials
were being paid. When these grades and factor
values are properly applied, we develop what
becomes known as the J value, the minimum
value or job ratio for the job or position under
consideration. For instance, if the factor values
resulted in T=1.40, D = 1.21, P=1.15, S=1.13,
the J value, by multiplying these together would
be 2.20. As stated previously, these J values are
now applied to the base salary, the minimum hiring
rate of the company, to obtain the minimum
salary of each job.
It has become almost general practice today
for a company to have established its policy for
the minimum hiring rate. This rate is often
that of the file clerk, which is the equivalent of a
base wage in clerical work. When installing a
formal plan of job evaluation such as I have
described, it is desirable to reconfirm this policy
through the use of an area survey and to make
whatever adjustment seems necessary. The
area survey is also helpful in establishing some
benchmark jobs to assist the evaluator as he
approaches various points throughout the evalu
ation scale. I recommend caution in the use of
area surveys and the interpretation of the job
content from the job titles that are published.
The wage and job data should be carefully in
vestigated before making them a part of the
base structure of a new evaluation plan.
In the case of the J value of 2.20 mentioned
before, if the base salary of the company is $45
per week, then the salary is $45 times 2.20, or
$99 per week.
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371
Since these J values can result in a infinite
number of values, there is no lumping of job
salaries into job levels as is the case in many other
systems. Thus the exact value of the job is
established and the equity for which job evalu
ation was designed has been preserved.
With the establishment of a base rate policy
and equitable J ratios, the plan becomes operative
and yet flexible should the job requirements
change or our economy necessitate a change in
the base rate.
Next we must consider the spread from mini
mum to maximum salary for a single job. This is
intended to provide salary increases commensu
rate with growing ability resulting from experi
ence on the job. Job evaluation research has
resulted in the establishment of two rules affecting
the maximum salary:
1. On the lower grade jobs, there is small op
portunity for growth. The work is largely rou
tine and is usually learned in a few weeks. Noth
ing more can be learned except perhaps how to
handle unusual cases that occur only at infrequent
intervals. Consequently, there should be few
salary increases on the job. Offsetting this is
the fact that opportunity for promotion is fre
quent at this level.
2. On the higher grade jobs, increased experi
ence brings additional ability for many months,
even years. It takes a long time to learn all
that is to be learned on the job. On the other
hand, the opportunity for promotion is not
frequent. Consequently, there should be a pro
vision for several salary increases on the job
which means a reasonably wide spread between
the minimum and the maximum. Our formula,
developed through statistical research, provides
just this pattern, with a 25-percent spread at
the bottom and with an increasing amount at the
top of the scale.
Since all job grades are in ratios to base, a change
in salary scale does not require any recomputation
of job evaluations. Also, the same evaluation J
values hold true in several plants located in dif
ferent cities; hence the benefit of comparing the
values of similar jobs in a multiplant company.
Our technique in arriving at our evaluations is
to work directly with the next higher level of
management than the position being evaluated.
Salary evaluation is essentially building a structure
of job requirements which everyone in the com-
372
pany management can agree is an equitable and
fair statement of what pay differentials should be.
It is a judgment of job requirements by individual
supervisors whose judgments are reviewed by
their supervisor, etc. In this manner, individual
differences which may make one person's judg
ments distorted in some way tend to get balanced
out. The more people entering into the evaluation
of any one job, because of familiarity with its
requirements, the more reliable and valid the final
evaluation of the job will be. In fact, before
accepting the final evaluation, there is a review of
all jobs ranked within the department from the
highest to the lowest by each individual factor and
by total job value. Further reviews are made by
comparing jobs of different departments or major
divisions of the company.
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
While job descriptions are a necessary part of the
company organization manual, they are not neces
sary in the evaluation of jobs of this nature. Our
evaluation process for salaried jobs is based on the
ability required to perform and not merely the
physical performance itself. Considerable time
and expense may be saved when job descriptions
are not made a part of the salary job evaluation
procedure.
When this job evaluation method is used as it is
intended, to integrate the entire salary adminis
tration process—selection, salary standardization,
salary revision, training and selection for promo
tion, and de-skilling of task—it yields benefits far
in excess of those obtained when job evaluation is
used merely to put price tags on jobs, as is too
often the case.
A CLOSER LOOK AT COLLEGE RECRUITING
A Closer Look
at College Recruiting
R udolph C o r v in i *
How effective is college recruiting? In order to
get an answer to this question, I sent a brief
questionnaire in November 1957 to the placement
officers of 60 of the better known public and pri
vate colleges and universities and asked them for
major criticisms of recruiters and recruiting
procedures; and for suggestions as to bow re
cruiters could make campus recruiting more
effective and facilitate the work of the college
placement staff.
The consensus of the 46 placement officers was
that their criticisms were minor and directed at a
very few recruiters. Most of the criticisms have
to do with the mechanics of recruiting and relate
to practices obviously not businesslike, which are
being used by inexperienced, unqualified, or
inconsiderate recruiters. For example, placement
officers are justifiably critical of recruiters who
fail to supply adequate information in advance
concerning the company and its job opportunities,
who do not follow up campus visits either with
students or placement officers for an unreasonably
long time, or who fail to keep the placement officer
informed of their negotiations with students.
Recruiting Needs and Practices
Industry’s real need for engineers, scientists, and
outstanding nontechnical graduates was very
large during the Korean conflict, but the demand
was magnified still further by large organizations
which began to stockpile these men who were in
short supply. It became quickly apparent that in
order to get one’s share of high-talent men, it was
necessary to go to the campus to compete for them.
College recruiting in the past 3 or 4 years, has
involved hordes of company representatives
swarming over campuses—-in some cases out
numbering the students whom they came to
interview. In this atmosphere the emphasis,
particularly in engineering and the physical
sciences, has been on enticing men to accept offers
rather than on selection.
It probably would not be an exaggeration to
describe the campus recruiting of the “era of
458901— 58-------2
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373
enticement” as a rough screening of men on a
wholesale, assembly-line basis. Because of the
large number of company recruiters involved and
the limited college placement staffs and facilities,
the screening has been accomplished all too
frequently solely on the basis of a 20-minute
interview and a 2- or 3-minute perusal of a personal
data sheet. The competent recruiter usually
makes an effort after the interview to get addi
tional information from the placement officer or
professors about the few men who stand out
among those interviewed, but no further informa
tion is sought, in most cases, concerning the 80
or 90 percent of nontechnical men who are turned
down.
During the era of enticement, the college
recruiter’s job has involved making arrange
ments to visit colleges and universities, visiting
educational institutions to interview applicants,
and following up the visits with the further
screening of likely candidates at company head
quarters. If the emphasis in college recruiting
can be shifted from enticement to selection, these
duties should not require more than 50 percent of
a college recruiter’s time. The other 50 percent
should be devoted to personnel research of two
types: (1) The determination of critical job
requirements and the individual qualities and
traits necessary to meet the requirements and
(2) the identification of criteria of success on the
job to evaluate the selection program and the
recruiter himself.
The first step in the determination of critical
job requirements and the traits necessary to meet
the requirements calls for a job analysis designed
to point up the principal duties and responsibilities.
A way to arrive at the personal trait specifications
for the job is to study successful and unsuccessful
incumbents of the job in a two-step procedure:
First, identification of criterion groups, and next,
statistical analysis of personal history items such
as those which occur on most application blanks.
The object is to find the items which discriminate
significantly between successful and unsuccessful
employees at the point of hiring.
The second type of personnel research with
which a college recruiter should be concerned, has
to do with the evaluation of the selection program
‘Special Assistant, Employee Relations, Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc.,
New York City, and Associate Professor, School of Industrial and Labor
Relations, Cornell University.
374
and the determination of his own batting average.
The way to improvement is through followup
studies of new hires.
The chief problem in both types of personnel
research advocated is the development of valid
and reliable criteria of success on the job. The
solution of this problem will represent a major
breakthrough in the field of personnel adminis
tration.
Selection and placement can be thought of as
the process of matching men and jobs through
analysis of men and jobs, and eventual evaluation
to determine the adequacy of the matching process.
Selection and placement can also be thought of
as an attempt to predict behavior. Every time
we choose one individual over several other
applicants we are predicting that the performance
of the individual hired will be better than the
performance of the other applicants had they
been hired.
The procedures available to us for collecting
information to assess an applicant are interviewing,
biographical data analysis (including application
blanks), psychological testing, reference checking,
and physical examination.
As we have already stated, a vast number of
men have been turned down and some have been
hired solely on the basis of a 20-minute inter
view—the selection procedure that some experts
rate as the least scientific of the selection proce
dures at our disposal.
Because interviewing is subjective, it can be no
more effective than the interviewer who does it.
Even the best interviewer, however, should be able
to do a much better job of selecting when, in addi
tion to the impression gained from the interview,
he has such other aids as a personal history form
completed by the applicant, psychological test
data, and frank appraisals from previous em
ployers, teachers, etc.
A company cannot change overnight the re
cruiting conventions which have grown up at this
or that institution. But it can subscribe to the
scientific approach to selection and begin to imple
ment this policy by making certain that the job of
its college recruiter is rated in proportion to its
importance and that it includes responsibility for
research into worker trait requirements and evalu
ation of selection procedures; and that the man in
the job is the most qualified person available.
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Considering the conditions under which com
pany recruiters and college placement officers have
had to operate, both have done a comparatively
good job during the past 3 or 4 years, but the cost
to the firm, the college, and the student is much too
high. It ought not to be necessary, in the non
technical areas, for a firm to visit a dozen or more
colleges and talk to 100 or more men in order to
hire 1 person, nor should it be necessary for indi
vidual students to take 50 or more interviews in
search of a job. While these figures are admittedly
extreme, this already high cost is further com
pounded when one considers the turnover which
takes place among newly hired college graduates.
In this situation, school officials have not
been altogether blameless. Understaffed and illequipped, they have succumbed to the pressure of
company recruiters until the function of the place
ment officer has been reduced to that of a traffic
clerk whose basic job has been one of logistics. He
has appraised his work in terms of the number of
companies that visit his campus and the total num
ber of student interviews held—the higher the
numbers, the more effective the operation.
During the hectic recruiting period just behind
us, the placement part of the vocational counseling
and placement service in some schools expanded
until it became in many instances much larger than
the parent service. In a number of institutions
without formal counseling services, new and elabo
rate facilities were provided and the placement
service set up as a separate entity.
A Scientific Recruitment Program
With these conditions prevailing, I cannot agree
with those who feel that college recruiting is on a
sound basis. We must have a reappraisal of basic
policy by both industry and education, with the
aim of moving toward an era of vocational coun
seling and selection. Both industry personnel and
college officials must recognize that they are deal
ing with the psychology of individual differences
and not a commodity. The employment mana
ger’s objective is to fill a job with the most qualified
person available. The vocational counselor’s ob
jective is to help the student make an occupational
adjustment which will maximize his talents and
afford him the greatest satisfaction. Like the
personnel recruiter, the vocational counselor
A CLOSER LOOK AT COLLEGE RECRUITING
should be concerned with followup studies to
evaluate his work.
During the breather which 1958 may provide
them, the industry placement representatives might
start emphasizing to their superiors the need for,
and the advantages to be gained from, a more
scientific approach to the problems of manpower
selection, utilization, and development based on
long-range planning.
At the same time, the college placement officers
might start reminding themselves and their col
leagues in industry that while colleges and uni
versities have a responsibility for providing ade
quately trained personnel for the other institutions
in our society, then- primary responsibility is the
education of students. One element of this re
sponsibility is occupational orientation or voca
tional guidance from admission to commencement,
a process which includes placement counseling to
assist the student in taking the next step beyond
graduation whether this be a job or advanced
training.
If industry will make long-range plans for man
power, employ competent specialists to determine
job specifications in terms of individual traits
unrelated to race, creed, or color, do a good job
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375
of frankly communicating its needs to colleges
and universities, and cooperate with colleges and
universities in setting up mutually advantageous
programs such as summer work for students and
exchange programs for faculty members and in
dustry personnel wherever feasible; and if colleges
and universities will use information provided by
industry along with similar information from gov
ernment, the professions, and health, welfare, and
education agencies to set up pertinent curricula,
realistic standards of admission, and effective
counseling and placement services—then, in time,
the following benefits should result: (1) More
effective screening by business and professional
schools of applicants for admission; (2) more self
screening by applicants in job hunting; (3) more
selective placement by college placement officers;
(4) fewer school visits and fewer interviews for
each person hired; (5) more attention to the indi
vidual by both placement officers and company
recruiters; (6) elimination of stockpiling and handto-mouth procurement; (7) elimination of distor
tion in the manpower demand-supply situation;
and (8) elimination of unnecessary competition
which raises the market price for high-talent
manpower.
376
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Advance Planning for
Plant Relocation
F rancis J. R odericks*
E ditor’s N ote.—Mr. Rodericks discussed jour
groups oj factors—community, personnel, op
erating, and financial—which the Chilton
Greetings Co., Inc., had considered important
in planning for the recent relocation of a plant
where employment was highly seasonal. The
material which follows covers only two of the
factors affecting personnel.
T he personnel policies that are decided upon
in connection with the relocation of the company
could easily affect the decision of employees to
move or to end their service with the company.
Most companies have found it advantageous
to give employees ample notice of an impending
move in order to stop disruptive rumors. This
also allows the employees plenty of time to get
accustomed to the idea and make plans of thenown in connection with the move.
Depending on the distance involved in the move,
many companies allow at least one trip to the
new community for the employees and thenfamilies and possibly a second trip to look for
living quarters. The policies followed by com
panies in such matters vary a great deal.
In most cases, companies assist employees in
their search for new housing by having a qualified
representative in the new community. This
representative may be a real estate broker or an
employee assigned full time to furnish help and
counsel .to the employees during the moving
period.
Some companies reimburse employees for losses
incurred through unexpired leases or in selling
their old homes. Some furnish direct loans to
employees to help them purchase new homes.
Other companies will simply make a lump sum
allowance to cover interim resettlement expenses.
Most companies provide for termination pay
ments graduated according to the employee’s
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length of service to the company. An important
objective of termination pay is to prevent or
ease any hardships. Another consideration, of
course, is to keep as many employees as possible
so that production may be maintained up to
the time of .moving.
There is another cost that should be considered
in the relocation of a plant. That is the recruit
ment and training costs for new employees to
replace the employees who have decided not to
move with the company.
Investigation should be made of the potential
labor pool within areas 5 to 15 miles (ready com
muting distance) from the community under
consideration. The labor pool should be broken
down into age groups, since some jobs require
that employees stand up most of the day, other
jobs require a high degree of finger dexterity, and
some require excellent eyesight.
Although there may be an adequate supply of
labor in surrounding areas, there must also be
sufficient incentive for this labor to travel to the
community you might be considering.
In our investigations, I found some interesting
statistics relating to the quality of the labor
supply when I checked the percentage of pupils
graduated from high school and college. It was
really amazing to note the relationship between
communities considered desirable and those con
sidered undesirable and the percentage of high
school graduates.
It is possible to obtain the employee turnover
rate for many communities from State govern
mental agencies. This rate can be indicative of
several things. It might show that the labor
force is steadily employed. This would indicate
that your company would have to take employees
away from companies already in the area or that
you would have to recruit from surrounding areas.
On the other hand, it might show that the labor
supply in the area can be utilized for peak season
work. It is well to check the employee turnover
figures and reasons for at least the past 5 years
for the community.
»Director of Industrial Relations, Chilton Greetings Co., Inc., Boston,
Mass.
Major Wage
Developments
in 1957
D onald L. H elm
and
R ichard G. Seefer *
W age increases went into effect in 1957 for
almost 7% million workers covered by major collec
tive bargaining agreements.1 A substantial major
ity of these workers—about 4.9 million—received
increases provided for in long-term agreements
concluded in earlier years.2 The remaining in
creases were actually negotiated during 1957.
The number of workers receiving wage increases
under major collective bargaining contracts during
1957 was somewhat larger than in 1956,3 and the
wage increases going into effect in 1957 were
appreciably greater than in 1956. (See table 1.)
The most common increase going into effect in
1957, affecting almost 3 out of 10 workers receiv
ing increases during the year, amounted to 15
but under 17 cents an hour. In 1956, the most
common increase averaged 9 but less than 11 cents.
Wage advances amounting to at least 11 cents
went into effect for about 3 out of every 5 workers
in 1957, compared with 2 out of 5 in 1956. The
greater magnitude of wage rate increase in 1957
was primarily traceable to the fact that the first
cost-of-living escalator increases under a number
of major contracts went into effect during that
year, notably for workers in meatpacking, basic
steel, aluminum, and railroads.
Negotiations in 1957
Only about 3 million workers in major bargain
ing situations were affected by negotiations con
cluded in 1957, compared with about 5.7 million
in 1956 (table 2). This decline in bargaining
activity was simply a reflection of the fact that
many long-term agreements providing for deferred
wage increases to go into effect in 1957 were
negotiated in 1956.
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Wage Changes. There was also less uniformity in
the wage increases negotiated in 1957 than in
1956. Although the most commonly negotiated
increases averaged 9 but less than 11 cents an
hour in both years, the proportion of workers
affected by such adjustments fell to 21 percent,
from 44 percent in 1956. The proportion of
workers with increases amounting to at least 9
cents declined to about 60 percent from almost
80 percent in 1956. On the other hand, the pro
portion of workers averaging at least 15 cents
increased to 21 percent compared with 12 percent
in 1956, while the number of workers who obtained
pay advances of 8 cents and less rose to about
30 percent compared to 18 percent a year earlier.
In 1957, the proportion of workers whose wages
were the subject of bargaining during 1957, but
who received no advance in rates of pay, amounted
to 7 percent4 compared with less than 1 percent
in 1956. Most of these workers were in the textile
and men’s apparel industries; in certain other
major collective bargaining situations, wages were
not bargained upon during the year, nor were
they governed by long-term contracts providing
for deferred wage increases.5
The pattern of negotiated increases in 1957
differed somewhat between manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries (table 3). In manu
facturing, the most common increases averaged
9 or 10 cents an hour and affected 24 percent of the
workers; in nonmanufacturing, the most frequent
average was 7 but less than 9 cents and covered
22 percent of the workers. On the other hand,
raises amounting to at least 19 cents affected 19
percent of the workers in nonmanufacturing com*Of the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1 For purposes of this summary, a major collective bargaining settlement is
defined as one affecting 1,000 or more workers. This section of the summary,
which is based on settlements in the Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly
report on Current Wage Developments, includes all major industry groups
except construction, the service trades, finance, and government. Where
increases differ among occupations, changes shown are averages for all workers
affected by a settlement. A separate section discusses changes in union scales
in the construction industry.
2 For details on deferred increases scheduled to go into effect in 1958, see
Deferred Wage Increases in 1958 and Wage Escalator Clauses (in Monthly
Labor Review, December 1957, pp. 1464-1467).
3 See Major Wage Developments in 1956 (in Monthly Labor Review,
April 1957, pp. 447-452).
4 Most of these agreements, however, did provide for liberalization or estab
lishment of one or more supplementary practices.
8 In addition, there was some decrease in the number of unorganized
workers receiving wage adjustments during the year. For example, during
1956 approximately a half million southern textile workers received wage
increases, but no widespread general wage increases were reported in the
textile industry in 1957.
377
378
T a ble 1.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
W a g e in c r e a s e s e ffe c tiv e i n 1 9 5 6 a n d 1 9 5 7 1
Settlements
Amount of hourly
increases
Number
1956
Approxi
mate
number
(thousands)
Percent
1957
1956
1957
1956
1957
Percent
1956
1957
100
100 7,507 7,640
100
100
33
196
248
395
290
102
89
42
33
40
195
273
247
245
138
191
29
48
2
13
17
27
20
7
6
3
2
3
55
132
13 562
635
19 891 1,028
932
17 2,624
17 2,046 1,391
9 334
699
13 279 2,235
2
212
99
3 316 340
1
7
12
35
27
4
4
3
4
2
8
13
12
18
9
29
1
4
57
62
4
3
2
Total--------- ----------- 1,485 1,468
Under 5 cents_______
5 and under 7 cents—
7 and under 9 cents—
9 and under 11 cents...
11 and under 13 cents..
13 and under 15 cents..
15 and under 17 cents..
17 and under 19 cents..
19 cents and over. . . .
Not specified or not
com puted2_____ .
Workers
4
189
178
1 For industry coverage, see footnote 1, table 3. Includes increases in these
years regardless of when negotiated.
2 Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items m ay not equal totals.
pared with 2 percent in manufacturing. This
latter disparity was due largely to the fact that
negotiations begun in 1956 for most railroad
operating brotherhoods 6 and for the East Coast
longshoring industry were not concluded until
1957 and resulted in two increases during the
year—one retroactive to the fall of 1956 and the
other effective in 1957.
The trend toward special wage increases for
skilled workers continued during 1957 as in pre
vious years. In 1957, approximately 3 out of 8
agreements—about the same proportion as in
1956—dealt with wage differentials between skilled
and unskilled workers. As the following tabulalation shows, some agreements maintained per
centage wage differentials among occupations by
providing uniform percentage adjustments, some
widened the cents-per-hour increment among
labor grades, and others dealt with the problem
of differentials through extra increases to skilled
workers.
Type of increase
Across-the-board cents-per-hour in
creases, plus widening of cents incre
ment among labor grades_________
Across-the-board cents-per-hour in
creases, plus extra increases for
skilled workers__________________
Across-the-board percentage increase L
Approximate
Percent number of
of agree- workers covered
ments by agreements
8
468, 000
8
21
192, 000
459,000
• Includes a few agreements that also provided additional increases for
skilled workers.
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Many contracts, including some represented in
the tabulation immediately preceding, provided
special job classification adjustments or eliminated
or narrowed differences in pay among geographic
areas or plants. In contrast, uniform cents-perhour increases were provided in 36 percent of the
settlements.
Supplementary Benefits. Supplementary benefits
were changed by about the same proportion of agree
ments negotiated in 1957 as in 1956, with 3 out
of 4 settlements changing such benefits (table 4).
Health and welfare plans, as in the past 3 years,
were liberalized or introduced more often than
any other type of benefit and involved 4 out of 10
settlements affecting a total of about 1.2 million
workers.
Vacations and holiday provisions were each
liberalized in about a third of the agreements.
Vacation changes consisted most frequently of
reducing eligibility requirements for a third week
of vacation (generally from 15 to 10 or 12 years of
service) or adding a fourth week of vacation after
20 or 25 years. Most often, the holiday provisions
granted one additional paid holiday. In about onefourth of these situations, the changes brought the
total number of days off to 7, and in about the
same number, to 8.
Pensions were established or increased in almost
a fifth of the contracts; those agreements ac
counted for over 500,000 workers. In most in
stances, benefits paid upon retirement were
liberalized, and in others, provision was made for
the vesting of pension rights and for increasing
disability benefits.
Deferred Increases and Wage Escalation
Provisions Effective After 1957. Long-term con
tracts specifying increases for 2 or more years were
negotiated less frequently in 1957 than in 1956.
Of the contracts coming up for negotiation in 1957,
three-tenths (almost 250), covering 28 percent of
the workers (about 830,000), contained such pro
visions. In 1956, two-fifths of the contracts,
affecting 50 percent of the workers, provided such
increases. The total number of workers thus
scheduled to receive increases in 1958 amounts to
6 The nonoperating brotherhoods negotiated their contracts in 1956.
379
MAJOR WAGE DEVELOPMENTS IN 1957
nearly 3.4 million,7 which includes those under
contracts negotiated in 1956 and earlier years.
Cost-of-living escalator clauses were established
or renewed in 1957 in about 75 situations; these
affected over 400,000 workers, as compared with
about 2 million in 1956.
Provisions Elective in 1957. As a result of provi
sions in contracts negotiated in earlier years, ap
proximately 4.9 million workers in 1957 received
deferred increases, automatic cost-of-living in
creases, or most commonly both.8 Although some
workers in practically every major industry group
1 1n addition, an estimated 584,000 construction workers were covered bycontracts speciflying the size of increase to go into effect during 1958. Since
the summary cited in text footnote 2 was prepared, the Bureau has recorded
37 additional agreements providing deferred wage increases in 1958 for 66,000
workers.
8 In addition, it is estimated th at more than 350,000 construction workers
were covered by agreements providing for deferred wage increases in 1957.
T able 2.
W a g e c h a n g e s p r o v id e d b y se le c te d c o lle c tiv e b a r
g a in in g s e ttle m e n ts n e g o tia te d i n 1 9 5 6 a n d 1 9 5 7 1
Workers covered
Settlements
Industry and type of wage
action
Number
Approxi
mate
number
(thousands)
Percent
1956 1957 1956 1957 1956
Percent
1957 1956 1957
A ll industries studied
All actions 2 ----------------- 1,191
828
100
100 5, 708 2, 961
100
100
8
No wage change_________
Increases in wages------- — 1,183
Amount per hour:
12
Under 5 cents— ------5 and under 7 cents----- 128
7 and under 9 cents----- 194
9 and under 11 cents---- 359
11 and under 13 cents-.. 206
86
13 and under 15 cents...
80
15 and under 17 cents...
37
17 and under 19 cents.._
25
19 cents and o v e r .----Not specified or not
56
computed *.
28
800
1
99
32 209
3
97 5,676 2,753
1
99
7
93
18
79
140
181
117
79
79
17
36
1
11
16
30
17
7
7
3
2
2
22
10 387
17 641
22 2, 507
14 1,024
10 265
10 206
151
2
4 290
27
295
567
613
273
230
285
34
288
(3)
7
11
44
18
5
4
3
5
1
10
19
21
9
8
10
1
10
54
5
183
139
3
5
7
Manufacturing
All actions 5 ------------------
915
564
100
100 3,406 1,567
100
100
No wage change------------Increases in w ages----------Amount per hour:
Under 5 cents-----------5 and under 7 cents----7 and under 9 cents----9 and under 11 cents---11 and under 13 cents...
13 and under 15 cents...
15 and under 17 cents...
17 and under 19 cents.—
19 cents and o v e r .-----Not specified or not
com puted4___
6
909
27
537
1
99
22 207
5
95 3,384 1, 360
1
99
13
87
10
102
135
282
166
72
69
28
16
16
56
•98
131
69
53
65
9
13
1
11
15
31
18
8
8
3
2
16
3
10 284
17 390
23 1,356
12 796
198
9
12
170
65
2
45
2
25
133
256
371
122
156
215
15
26
(3)
8
11
40
23
6
5
2
1
2
8
16
24
8
10
14
1
2
29
27
3
63
42
2
3
See footnotes at end of table.
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5
T able 2.
W a g e c h a n g e s p r o v id e d b y se le c te d c o lle c tiv e b a r
g a in in g s e ttle m e n ts n e g o tia te d i n 1 9 5 6 a n d 1 9 5 7 1— Con.
Workers covered
Settlements
Industry and type of wage
action
Number
Percent
Approxi
mate
number
(thousands)
1956 1957 1956 1957 1956
Percent
1957 1956 1957
Selected nonmanufacturing
industries
276
264
100
100 2, 303 1,394
100
100
2
No wage change_________
274
Increases in wages_______
Amount per hour:
2
Under 5 cents--- --------26
5 and under 7 cents----59
7 and under 9 cents___
77
9 and under 11 cents—
40
11 and under 13 cents...
14
13 and under 15 cents ...
11
15 and under 17 cents...
9
17 and under 19 cents. __
9
19 cents and over_____
Not specified or not
27
com puted4. . .
. ...
DeorftasAs in wages
1
263
1
99
10
2
(3)
100 2,292 1,393
(3)
100
(3)
100
2
23
42
50
48
26
14
8
23
1
9
21
28
14
5
4
3
3
1
5
9
103
16 251
19 1,151
18 228
10
67
36
5
86
3
9 246
3
162
311
242
151
75
70
19
263
(3)
4
11
50
10
3
2
4
11
(3)
12
22
17
11
5
5
1
19
27
10
10
97
5
7
All actions 8_______ _____
120
1 For industry coverage, see asterisk footnote, table 3.
2 Does not include 13 settlements affecting 93,000 employees in 1956, and
17 settlements affecting 159,000 employees in 1957, in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or liberalized.
8 Less than 0.5 percent.
4 Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
8 Does not include 12 settlements affecting 87,000 employees in 1956, and
13 settlements affecting 59,000 employees in 1957, in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or liberalized.
«Does not include 1 settlement affecting 6,000 employees in 1956, and
4 settlements affecting 100,000 employees in 1957, in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or liberalized.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
(except petroleum refining and tobacco manufac
turing) received deferred wage increases, the bulk
of the workers affected were concentrated in met
alworking, transportation, food, and mining.
Roughly half of those who received deferred in
creases were in the automobile, farm equipment,
aircraft, primary metals (steel, aluminum, and
other nonferrous metals), electrical equipment, or
other metalworking industries. More than a fifth
were in transportation, notably railroads and
trucking.
Measured in terms of number of workers af
fected, the most common increases going into effect
in 1957, as a result of deferred and cost-of-living
adjustments, were 12 to 12% cents, affecting auto
mobile and farm equipment and meatpacking em
ployees, and 15 to 16 cents, including basic steel
and the railroad nonoperating brotherhoods. In
many situations, the rise in the BLS Consumer
Price Index resulted in the cost-of-living increases
being about equal to the deferred increases. Thus,
of the 12.1-cent rise in auto workers’ average
380
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able 3.
C h a n g e s i n w a g e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y p r a c tic e s p r o v id e d b y se le c te d c o lle c tiv e b a r g a in in g s e ttle m e n ts n e g o tia te d i n 1 9 5 7 *
Number of settlements
Wage actions
Establishing or liberalizing supplementary practices
Industry and type of wage action
Settlements
Num- Perber cent
Not
chang Reduc
Supple
ing
ing
Shift
Health mental
supple supple
dif Holi Vaca Pen and
Pre
unem
Other mentary mentary
Total1 mium feren days tions sions2 wel ployment prac prac
prac
Perpay tials
fare
benefit tices 3 tices
tices
cent
plans
plans
Workers
covered
Approximate
number
AU industries studied
All actions *.
828
100
2,961,000
100
622
No wage change •___________ ______
Increases in wages__________________
Amount per hour:
Under 5 cents.............. _...........
5 and under 7 cents__________
7 and under 9 cents.....................
9 and under 11 cents__________
11 and under 13 cents_________
13 and under 15 cents________
15 and under 17 cents________
17 and under 19 cents________
19 cents and over___ _________
Not specified or not computed 9
Decreases in wages..... .............................
28
80C
3
97
209,000
2, 753,000
7
93
23
599
18
78
140
181
117
79
79
17
36
54
2
10
17
22
14
10
10
2
4
7
27,000
295,000
567,000
613,000
273,000
230,000
285,000
34,000
288, 000
139,000
1
10
19
21
9
8
10
1
10
5
11
All actions 0
564
100
1,567,000
100
433
No wage change 6___________________
Increases in wages__________________
Amount per hour:
Under 5 cents_______ ________
5 and under 7 cents__________
7 and under 9 cents__________
9 and under 11 cents_________
11 and under 13 cents..................
13 and under 15 cents_________
15 and under 17 cents_________
17 and under 19 cents..................
19 cents and over____________
Not specified or not computed 9.
Decreases in wages________ _________
27
537
5
95
207,000
1,360,000
13
87
23
410
7
198
16
56
98
131
69
53
65
9
13
27
3
10
17
23
12
9
12
2
2
5
25,000
133, 000
256,000
371, 000
122,000
156,000
215, 000
15, 000
26, 000
42,000
2
8
16
24
8
10
14
1
2
3
9
39
77
89
56
46
53
4
All actions 12............................................
264
100
1,394,000
100
189
No wage change..____ _____________
Increases in wages........ .............. ............
Amount per hour:
Under 5 cents_______________
5 and under 7 cents_________
7 and under 9 cents__________
9 and under 11 cents_________
11 and under 13 cents________
13 and under 15 cents________
15 and under 17 cents________
17 and under 19 cents________
19 cents and over........................
Not specified or not computed 9.
Decreases in wages_________________
1 (0
263
100
55
105
123
89
66
64
12
26
48
102
1
101
2
5
12
18
17
18
4
2
10
13
109
108
261
281
151
330
228
206
254
5
276
3
148
19
311
11
5
3
7
34
70
63
49
28
24
4
14
18
2
18
47
41
34
11
4
14
38
59
38
19
45
7
10
30
30
24
14
15
4
8
12
18
10
217
201
(*)
0
0
22
27
0
2
9
15
Manufacturing
200
114
5
195
3
19
111
221
3
7
27
26
14
7
24
53
45
32
19
18
34
25
24
16
21
21
12
8
15
4
9
2
56
37
90
56
37
90
12
33
48
28
14
37
4
6
6
10
25
12
11
8
2
5
2
6
131
(0
147
127
(0
2
7
17
11
1
42
13
7
(0
3
3
Selected nonmanufacturing industries
2
23
42
50
48
20
14
8
23
27
1
9
16
19
18
10
5
3
9
10
2,000 ( 0
1, 393,000
100
3, 000 ( 0
162,000
12
311,000
22
242,000
17
151,000
11
75,000
5
70,000
5
19, 000
1
263,000
19
97,000
7
1 This total is smaller than the sum of the individual items since some
settlements affected more than 1 item.
2 Includes settlements in which agreement provided for increased contri
butions to maintain existing benefits.
3 The most commonly reported were paid funeral leave in 44 manufacturing
and 13 nonmanufacturing settlements; supplemental jury-duty pay in 35
manufacturing and 10 nonmanufaeturing settlements; severance pay in 17
manufacturing and 5 nonmanufacturing settlements; call-in or reporting pay
in 21 manufacturing and 1 nonmanufacturing settlements; and paid sick leave
in 5 manufacturing and 16 nonmanufacturing settlements.
i Does not include 17 settlements affecting 159,000 employees in which wages
were not an issue but supplementary practices were established or increased;
in 8 of these situations 75,000 workers received deferred and/or automatic costof-living adjustments.
3 3 settlements th at liberalized some benefits reduced other benefits.
6 Includes 2 settlements affecting 4,000 workers which provided no general
wage change but increased minimum rates or provided inequity adjustments
for relatively few workers.
32 settlements that liberalized some benefits reduced other benefits.
81 settlement that liberalized some benefits eliminated prorata vacation
pay for employees resigning or discharged.
9 Insufficient information to compute cents-per-hour increases.
10 Does not include 13 settlements affecting 59,000 employees in which wages
were not an issue but supplementary practices were established or increased;
in 6 of these situations 21,000 workers received deferred and/or automatic
cost-of-living adjustments.
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54
(7)
70
(0
0
0
111 settlement that liberalized some benefits discontinued company pro
vided lunches under certain conditions.
12 Does not include 4 settlements affecting 100,000 employees in which wages
were not an issue but supplementary practices were established or increased;
in 2 of these situations 54,000 workers received deferred and/or automatic costof-living adjustments.
13 Less than 0.5 percent.
* This tabulation relates to settlements involving 1,000 or more workers
concluded during the 12-month period, It includes all wage changes nego
tiated during the January-December period that are scheduled to go into
effect during the contract year; i. e., the 12-month period following the effec
tive date of the agreement. In summarizing percentage increases, it has
been necessary to estimate their value in terms of cents, on the basis of avail
able information on wage levels in the industry. This tabulation excludes:
settlements involving fewer than 1,000 workers; settlements in construction,
the service trades, finance, and government; instances in which contract
reopenings privileges were not exercised; and wage increases and changes in
supplementary practices that went into effect during the period but that were
negotiated earlier (for example, deferred wage increases, cost-of-living adjust
ments, or annual improvement factor increases). All changes in supple
mentary benefits negotiated during the year are included regardless of when
they become effective.
N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
MAJOR WAGE DEVELOPMENTS IN 1957
hourly pay, 6 cents represented a rise in the costof-living allowance. Of the 15-cent rise in hourly
rates for railroad nonoperating workers, 8 cents
was a cost-of-living adjustment; 7 cents of the 15
to 16 cents average advance in hourly pay of basic
steel workers was a result of cost-of-living
escalation.
381
T able 4. Changes in supplementary practices provided
by selected collective bargaining settlements negotiated in
1956 and 1957 1
Percent of settlements
Type of practice
Selected
All indus
tries
Manufac nonmanu
facturing
studied 2 turing 3
industries 3
1956 1957 1956 1957 1956
1957
Significant Wage Settlements, 1957
All settlements____________________
Although the bulk of employees receiving wage
increases in 1957 were covered under previously
negotiated long-term contracts, among the nearly
3 million workers who obtained increases as a result
of negotiations concluded in 1957 were those in the
longshore and maritime industries, in the petro
leum refining, rubber, stone, clay, and glass in
dustry groups, in women’s clothing, and in the
communications field.
The settlements in the East Coast longshoring
industry, concluded in mid-February after a dis
pute that led to a Taft-Hartley injunction, pro
vided for a 3-year contract increasing wage rates
by 18 cents retroactive to October 1, 1956, and 7
cents more in October of both 1957 and 1958. Pro
vision for a further wage adjustment in October
1958 was made if the Consumer Price Index rises
more than 6 points between October 1956 and
August 1958.
During June, West Coast longshore employees
obtained wage increases of 8 and 13 cents. The
agreement affects 15,000 workers represented by
the International Longshoremen’s and Ware
housemen’s Union and employed by members
of the Pacific Maritime Association. It provided
for pay raises of 8 cents for longshoremen (bringing
their straight-time pay to $2.53 an hour) and 13
cents for truckdrivers, gang bosses, and ship
clerks. In 1956, these workers received increases
totaling 18 cents an hour during the year.
A 6-percent wage increase went into effect in
the same month for 46,000 seamen and officers
represented by 4 maritime unions and employed
by East and Gulf Coast ship operators. The
settlement, negotiated under wage reopeners,
also eliminated certain war-risk bonuses. Rates
of pay were increased by approximately the same
amount (6 percent) in 1956.
Pay raises ranging from $18.50 to $37 a month
(about 5% percent) were negotiated in September
for 20,000 unlicensed seamen in dock, engine
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Total establishing or liberalizing one or
more supplementary practices 3____
Health and welfare plans 9_._ ..
Vacations __________________
Holidays__________________ . . .
Pensions 8_____ _ - ____ _____
Shift differentials______________
Premium rates_ .........................- Paid funeral leave______________
Jury-duty pay________________
Paid sick leave________________
Supplemental u n e m p lo y m e n t
benefits_____ ______________
Other practices----------- -----------Settlements not changing supplementary practices_________________
Settlements reducing supplementary
practices_____________________ _
Number of settlements_____________
100 100
100
100
100
100
78
45
39
32
25
21
14
4
10
4
75
40
34
32
18
13
12
7
5
3
78
46
40
35
28
24
12
5
12
3
77
43
35
36
20
16
9
8
6
1
78
41
33
22
17
12
21
2
1
7
8
11
1
13
10
10
1
13
16
22
25
22
23
22
28
1,191
828
915
564
276
264
72
34
31
21
14
8
20
5
4
6
0
13
1 For coverage, see footnote 1, table 3.
2 Does not include 13 settlements affecting 93,000 employees in 1956, and
17 settlements affecting 195,000 employees in 1957, in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or liberalized.
3 Does not include 12 settlements affecting 87,000 employees in 1956, and
13 settlements affecting 59,000 employees in 1957, in which wages were not
an issue but supplementary practices were established or liberalized.
4 Does not include 1 settlement affecting 6,000 employees in 1956, and 4
settlements affecting 100,000 employees in 1957, in which wages were not an
issue but supplementary practices were established or liberalized.
3 This total is smaller than the sum of the individual items since some settle
ments affected more than 1 item.
6 Includes settlements in which agreement provided for increased contri
butions to maintain existing benefits.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items m ay not equal totals
room, and stewards’ departments represented
by 3 maritime unions and employed on dry cargo
and passenger ships of the Pacific Maritime
Association. The settlement also increased over
time and penalty rates. In the fall of 1956,
raises of approximately 7 percent went into effect.
By mid-June of 1957, a 6-percent wage increase
pattern (no minimum specified) had been estab
lished in the petroleum industry. Certain fringe
benefits, such as an additional paid holiday, and
improved vacations, were also generally included
in the settlements. In 1956, raises in this indus
try also generally amounted to 6 percent—but
with a 15-cent minimum.
In July, the first of the year’s wage settlements
in the rubber industry was negotiated when the
Rubber Workers and Goodyear Tire and Rubber
Co. agreed upon terms of a 15-cent “package” ;
similar agreements with other members of the
“Big 4” quickly followed. Except at the U. S.
382
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able 5. Percentage distribution of changes in union wage
scales in 7 construction trades in major cities} 1956 and
1957
Type of wage action
Percent of scales in—
1957
1956
All scales_______
100
100
Increases in scales.
89
87
1
7
2
2
30
10.0
____________________________17
12.5
_______________
10
15.0 and under 20.0..........................
26
15.0
_______________
18
20.0 and under 25.0____ ________
12
20.0
___________
8
25.0 and over__________________
13
25.0________ ______________
10
1
12
5
5
30
17
9
24
19
9
7
11
8
No change in scales____________
13
C e n ts p e r h o u r
Under 5.0_____________________
5.0 and under 10.0______________
5.0
_______________
7.5
_______ ________
10.0 and under 15.0_____________
12
1 The 7 trades studied were bricklayers, carpenters, electricians, painters
plasterers, plumbers, and building laborers.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
Rubber Co., where a general 15-cent-an-hour
increase went into effect, the basic rate increases
varied among plants, with part of the package
going for inequity adjustments and night-shift
bonuses. Rates of pay for workers in the rubber
industry had been increased by about 6 cents
an hour in 1956, plus an additional 3 cents an
hour for establishment of supplemental unem
ployment benefit plans.
A basis for ending a nationwide cement strike
was established in late July when representatives
of the Cement, Lime and Gypsum Workers Inter
national Union and the Universal Atlas Cement
Co. (a subsidiary of United States Steel Corp.)
reached an agreement valued at approximately
16.5 cents an hour. The “package” included an
11-cent across-the-board wage increase (of which
10 cents was retroactive to May 1), plus an aver
age 2.6 cents for classification adjustments and
increased shift differentials, vacation benefits, and
premium pay for Sunday work. In the previous
contract year, the industry and union had signed
contracts providing wage advances of about 18
cents an hour and establishing or liberalizing other
fringe benefits.
Approximately 500,000 telephone workers re
ceived wage increases as a result of bargaining
concluded during the year. Pay advances gen
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
erally ranged from $2 to $5 a week; most traffic
and clerical employees received increases of $2 to
$3, while plant department workers obtained wage
hikes of from $2 to $5. A majority of the workers
who received such increases were represented by
the Communications Workers of America. Weekly
pay raises during 1956 also ranged from around
$2 to $5.
The continuing difficulties of the soft-goods in
dustries were reflected in a scarcity of wage ad
vances, although rates were increased in a number
of the women’s and children’s garment industries
under cost-of-living wage reopenings. Agreements
in northern cotton, rayon, and wool textiles left
pay rates unchanged, but did liberalize some wel
fare benefits. In independent dyeing and finish
ing plants, however, wage increases generally
amounted to 6 cents an hour.
In the men’s and boys’ tailored clothing field,
the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and the
Clothing Manufacturers Association of the United
States signed a 3-year industrywide agreement for
about 150,000 workers, in which wage scales were
not changed. Some supplementary benefits were,
however, liberalized and annual wage reopenings
were provided. In 1956, however, the Clothing
Workers negotiated 12%- and 13.9-cent-an-hour
wage increases in the men’s and boys’ clothing
industry.
The International Ladies’ Garment Workers’
Union (ILGWU) negotiated wage increases gen
erally ranging from $3 to $5 a week for over
100,000 workers during the year; many of these
settlements were negotiated under contract clauses
permitting wage negotiations in the event of
changes in the BLS Consumer Price Index; rates
of pay for most ILGWU members were not a
negotiable issue during 1956.
Union Scales in the Construction Trades
Widespread increases in union scales occurred
in the construction trades during 1957 (table 5).
During the year, scales in these trades rose an
average of approximately 15 cents an hour com
pared with 14 cents in 1956. Approximately
one-half of these scales were increased at least 15
cents an hour, compared with about two-fifths of
MAJOR WAGE DEVELOPMENTS IN 1957
383
Selected Minimum Wage Developments
during the year. Included were workers in the
laundry, cleaning, and dyeing industries, restaurant
workers, and employees in the nonresort hotel
industry. Minimum rates of pay in these indus
tries were raised to levels ranging from 62 to 90
cents an hour; in 1958 they will be raised again to
70 cents to $1.
In other areas of the country, the Industrial
Welfare Commission of the State of California
raised the minimum hourly wage to $1 for women
and to 85 cents for minors.10 In Oregon, the
minimum hourly wage for women and minors
employed in laundry and dry cleaning establish
ments was to be raised to 80 cents by July 1958.11
Provisions for increasing minimum rates of pay
for specified workers in various industries were
made in a number of States during the past year.9
In New York State, the minimum rates of pay
for about 340,000 service workers were raised
8 For information on State minimum wage legislation, see Monthly Labor
Review, December 1957, pp. 1472-1473.
id The 85-cent rate can apply to only 10 percent of an employer’s work
force; the remaining minors must be paid at the adult rate. The order
covers all private industry except for domestic and farm workers.
11 This order was actually issued on January 3,1958.
the scales in 1956. The most common increases
amounted to 15 cents in both years. Raises
amounting to 10 cents an hour were also frequent.
The summary of the construction trades is
based on information obtained quarterly by the
Bureau on all union scales in the major cities
studied, whether or not these scales were renegoti
ated during the year. In addition, the construc
tion data relate to changes effective during 1957,
regardless of when they were negotiated. The
wage data shown in tables 2 and 3 relate only
to changes negotiated during the year.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Salaries of City
Public School
Teachers, 1955_57
R uth W. B enny
and
H elen M. Canning *
v e r a g e a n n u a l s a l a r i e s of urban public school
teachers increased 10.2 percent or $480 from the
1955 to the 1957 school year (table l).1 This gain
was greater than that which took place in the pre
ceding 2 years but was well below the record 22 per
cent advance reported from 1947 to 1949. (See
table 2.) Average salaries of urban teachers in the
1956-57 school year were 132 percent above thenlevel in 1938-39 and 163 percent above the level
prevailing in the school term ending in June 1925.
From the school year 1954-55 to 1956-57, teach
ers’ average salaries increased much more sharply
than the Consumer Price Index, about as much as
the average hourly earnings of factory workers, and
slightly less than the hourly pay of a major group
of office employees—those employed by the Na
tion’s railroads. From the 1938-39 to the 1956-57
school year, teachers’ average salaries increased
more than the Consumer Price Index, but much
less than the pay of factory wage earners and rail
road office workers.2
A
Changes from 1955 to 1957
By Amount. Almost 3 out of 4 urban teachers
were in cities that raised pay at least 7.5 percent
from 1955 to 1957. Three out of 5 were in school
systems where average salaries rose 7.5 but less
than 15 percent, and 1 teacher in 8 was employed
where increases were 15 percent or more. (See
table 3.) By contrast, presumably because of
changes in average length of service, earnings de
clined in 8 cities, employing 4 percent of all
teachers surveyed.
384
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Pay increases were less uniform measured in dol
lars than in percentage terms. Dollar gains ranged
from below $100 to more than $900, with about a
fifth of the teachers being employed in communi
ties where salaries increased by at least $800. An
other fifth were employed where salaries advanced
by $500 but less than $600. For the most part, the
greatest dollar increases occurred where pay levels
were already above average.
The rise in average salaries of urban teachers
from the 1954—55 to the 1956—57 school year was
probably somewhat smaller than the increase in
their salary scales. The communities surveyed
expanded their teaching forces by about 23,000, or
8.5 percent, during this interval and, since newly
hired teachers are frequently paid the minimum of
a salary scale, this expansion would tend to hold
the rise in average salaries below the increase in
scales.
By Size of City. In contrast with most earlier
periods and with the whole period since 1925, the
greatest proportionate increases in teachers’ pay
were recorded in the largest cities—those with
at least half a million inhabitants. One-third
of the teachers in these large communities were
in school systems where average pay advanced
12.5 but under 15 percent. Although the average
increase in pay was smaller in cities of 250,000
but less than a half million, 15 percent of the
teachers in this community size group were em* Of the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1 Salary data relate to elementary- and secondary-school classroom teachers,
excluding supervisors and principals, and are representative of all cities of
50,000 or more population with salary data for these communities obtained
from Special Salary Tabulations, published by the National Education Asso
ciation of the United States. Indexes of change were compiled by the U. S.
Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. School years are referred
to either by the calendar year in which the term ends or in terms of both
calendar years included. Thus, the 1957 school year refers to the school period
beginning in the fall of 1956 and ending in 1957. Data refer to the average rise
in salaries for all teachers in a school system. For a description of the methods
used in compiling these indexes, see City Public-School Teachers; Salary
Trends, 1925-49, BLS Wage Movements Bulletin, Series 3, No. 50, pp. 2-5.
For a discussion of trends in teachers salaries from 1925 to 1955, see Monthly
Labor Review, March 1951, pp. 286-288; February 1952, pp. 175-176; February
1955, pp. 195-198; and April 1956, pp. 425-428.
2 From September 1954 to September 1956, the beginning of the 1955 and
1957 school years, the average hourly earnings of factory wage earners rose by
10.5 percent and their weekly pay by 13.3 percent. Pay of railroad office em
ployees rose 11.8 percent while the Consumer Price Index advanced 2.1
percent.
During the period from September 1938 to September 1956, weekly earnings
of factory workers increased 258 percent and hourly earnings by 227 percent.
Hourly pay of railroad office employees increased 178 percent and the BLS
Consumer Price Index advanced 95 percent.
SALARIES OF CITY PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
T
1. Increases in average annual salaries of public
school teachers, by type of school, size of city, and, region,
1955 to 19571
able
Increases In average annual salaries, 1955 to
1957, for—
City-size group and region
Total____________________
All teachers
Elementaryschool
teachers2
Secondaryschool
teachers 3
Dol
lars
Per
cent
Dol
lars
Per
cent
Dol
lars
480
10.2
485
10.7
470
9.6
612
393
391
399
11.7
8.7
9.2
9.3
601
402
416
407
11.8
9.2
10.2
9.9
629
376
353
387
11.5
7.9
8.0
8.4
358
665
493
315
509
451
197
368
546
8.0
12.7
11.6
8.9
10.3
10.4
4.8
8.1
10.7
381
627
514
332
523
464
208
413
569
8.8
12.2
12.6
9.6
10.9
11.1
5.1
9.4
11.7
324
725
466
286
480
426
179
303
512
6.8
13.3
10.4
7.7
9.1
9.2
4.2
6.3
9.5
Per
cent
C it y - s i z e g r o u p
500,000 or more___ ______ _
250,000 and under 500,000____
100,000 and under 250,000___
50,000 and under 100,000___ _
R e g io n
4
New England_____________
Middle Atlantic___________
Border States_____________
Southeast_________________
Great L a k e s_____________
Middle West______________
Southwest____________ ____
M ountain________________
Pacific___________________
1 In computing average salaries and salary increases, all teachers in each
system were classified according to the average salary in that system.
Changes in average salaries exclude the effects of period-to-period changes
in the proportions of teachers among city-size groups, among regions, and
between elementary and secondary schools.
2 Includes regular elementary school teachers, kindergarten teachers, and
teachers of atypical children.
3 Includes junior and senior high school teachers.
4 The regions used in this study are: N e w E n g l a n d — Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont; M i d d l e A t l a n t i c —
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania; B o r d e r S t a t e s —Delaware, District of
Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia; Sowifteosi—Ala
bama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten
nessee; G r e a t L a k e s —Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wis
consin; M i d d l e W e s t — Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota; S o u t h w e s t —Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas; M o u n
t a i n — Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming;
P a c i f i c —California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
ployed where increases were 17.5 percent or
more. In each of the two community-size groups
of under 250,000 population, more than 2 out of
5 teachers were employed by school systems where
pay advanced by 7.5 but under 12.5 percent.
More than one-fourth of the teachers in the
smallest cities studied—those with 50,000 but
less than 100,000 population—were in school
districts where pay rose an average of 10 but less
than 12.5 percent.
Some school districts within each size group
advanced salaries by as much as $800, but only
in the largest cities (with 500,000 or more in
habitants) did such increases affect substantial
proportions of the teachers; in school systems
with more than two-fifths of the teachers in this
population group, pay advanced by an average
of at least this amount. In the other groups of
cities, average salaries typically increased from
$200 to less than $600, although substantial
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
385
numbers of teachers in communities of 250,000
but below 500,000 were employed where pay rose
$100 but less than $200.
By Region. The greatest proportionate gains
in pay were recorded in the Middle Atlantic and
Border States (table 1). Salaries of Middle
Atlantic high school teachers increased more than
did those in any other region, but in elementary
schools, proportionately the highest gain (12.6
percent) occurred in the Border States.
Salaries of teachers in the Southwest rose less
than in any other region—4.8 percent over the 2year period. In the previous 2-year interval,
this region ranked second highest in terms of the
proportionate gain in pay.
By Type of School. The long-term trend for sal
aries to rise proportionately more in elementary
than in secondary schools continued during 1955
to 1957. The dollar increase was slightly higher
in elementary schools as well. The widest differ
ences in pay raises between elementary and
Percent Distribution of Public-School Teachers in
Selected City-Size Groups, by Average Annual
Salary, 1957
386
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T a b l e 2.
Indexes of average annual salaries of public-school teachers in cities of 50,000 or more, by type of school, size of
city, and region, biennially, 1925-57 1
[1947-49=100]
School year
ending in
June
1925________
1927________
1929________
1931________
1933________
1935________
1937________
1939________
1941________
1943________
1945________
1947....... ........
1949________
1951________
1953________
1955________
1957................
All
teach
ers
Type of school
Ele
men
tary 2
60
62
65
67
63
60
64
68
69
73
79
90
110
117
133
143
158
59
61
63
66
63
60
64
68
70
73
79
89
111
118
134
146
162
Size of city
Region4
Sec 500,000 250.000
100,000
50.000
ond or more and under and under and under
ary 3
500.000
250,000
100.000
64
64
67
71
69
65
69
73
74
77
80
92
108
114
130
139
155
61
63
66
68
63
61
65
68
69
73
78
91
109
116
131
139
152
58
62
65
67
58
55
60
65
66
72
79
88
112
118
134
146
159
57
60
63
64
59
56
60
64
65
69
78
88
112
121
136
149
163
55
57
60
62
59
55
60
64
66
69
77
88
112
122
139
150
164
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
2 Includes regular elementary school teachers, kindergarten teachers, and
teachers of atypical children.
T able 3. Percent distribution of public-school teachers in
cities of 50,000 or more by change in average annual
salary ,» 1955 to 1957
Percent of teachers employed in school systems
with specified average annual salary changes
Change in average
annual salary
Cities of—
All
cities
500,000
250.000
100,000
50.000
or more and under and under and under
500.000
250,000
100.000
New
Eng
land
62
64
66
67
65
62
68
70
71
76
80
88
112
120
136
146
158
Middle Border South Great
Atlan States
east
Lakes
tic
64
65
69
73
73
68
72
76
77
79
82
94
106
112
129
139
157
53
58
61
62
59
57
60
63
65
69
77
87
113
123
139
148
165
52
56
58
61
51
48
49
56
57
63
76
88
112
126
142
153
167
61
62
65
66
58
55
60
63
64
70
79
88
112
121
135
147
162
Middle South Moun
West
west
tain
Pacific
59
62
65
66
62
58
61
64
65
70
75
88
112
119
138
147
162
54
58
60
61
50
51
54
58
59
63
73
86
114
123
137
150
157
58
62
65
65
60
58
62
68
69
73
78
93
107
110
125
139
150
53
57
59
63
59
57
61
65
66
70
76
88
112
116
134
143
158
3 Includes junior and senior high school teachers.
4 For composition of regions, see footnote 4, table 1.
secondary teachers occurred in communities of
100.000 to 250,000 population, where the respec
tive increases averaged 10.2 percent ($416) and
8.0
percent ($353), and in the Mountain region
where salaries of secondary teachers went up
6.3 percent and those of elementary teachers
9.4 percent. Only in the Middle Atlantic region
did secondary school pay rise proportionately
more than elementary pay.
P ercent
Increases:
Under 2.5________
2.5 and under 5.0. __
5.0 and under 7.5.
7.5 and under 10.0. _
10.0 and under 12.5.
12.5 and under 15.0.
15.0 and under 17.5.
17.5 and under 20.0.
20.0 and over_____
Decreases2. ___ _____
4.3
5.1
13.6
22.8
19.9
17.7
7.8
.7
3.8
4.2
0
2.4
5.1
26.3
19.4
33.3
11.2
0
0
2.2
10.9
8.2
21.0
25.2
9.6
0
4.4
3.4
12.2
5.0
5.8
5.1
19.3
23.3
20.1
7.8
5.2
0
8.2
5.2
5.6
7.7
17.5
14.5
27.6
13.0
7.1
1.0
0
6.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Increases:
Under 100 . . . ___
100 and under 200...
200 and under 300. ..
300 and under 400.. .
400 and under 500. . .
500 and under 600. . .
600 and under 700...
700 and under 800...
800 and under 900...
900 and over______
Decreases3__________
3.1
6.6
10.9
12.1
15.1
20.8
4.1
4.2
17.0
2.0
4.2
0
2.4
2.8
6.1
13.2
28.8
3.1
0
41.4
0
2.2
3.1
16.0
14.6
17.4
14.3
14.0
0
7.0
0
8.6
5.0
5.8
5.6
21.1
18.2
13.9
12.1
6.0
7.8
1.5
2.7
5.2
5.6
8.6
11.3
12.3
20.6
21.0
6.7
5.6
2.2
0
6.0
Total__________
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Number of teachers 4. . . 295, 500
115,200
44,900
71,700
63,700
Total____ _____
D o lla rs
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
8 Decreases ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 percent.
8 Decreases ranged from $3 to $46.
4 Excludes approximately 7,000 teachers of atypical classes, which are
included in computation of the data presented in tables 1 and 2.
N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Long-Term Trends
As indicated earlier, average salaries of city
public school teachers rose 132 percent between
the 1938-39 and the 1956-57 school years. This
average increase, however, conceals real differ
ences in trends among various communities.
Table 4 shows the extent of this variation for
the period from the 1940-41 to the 1956-57
school year.3 Increases in individual school
systems ranged from 79 percent to about 248
percent. Cities with almost 45 percent of their
teachers had raised average salaries by 120 but
less than 160 percent. About 85 percent of the
teachers were in communities where average
salaries in 1957 were at least twice their 1941
level.
3
The comparison on a city basis extends from 1946-41, rather than from
1938-39, because the detailed data necessary for these comparisons are not
readily available for the earlier period. The change in average salaries over
the 1939-41 period was less than 2 percent.
SALARIES OF CITY PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
T able 4.
387
Percent distribution of 'public-school teachers in cities of 50,000 or more by salary increases, size of city, and reqion,
1941 to 1957 1
Percent of teachers employed in school systems with specified average salary increases
Increase in average
annual salary
Size of city
All
teach
ers
500,000
or more
Region2
250.000
and
under
500.000
100,000
and
under
250,000
50.000
and
under
100.000
9.6
21.4
21.8
25.1
9.9
7.4
4.8
13.8
15.4
19.9
18 3
15. 5
12.3
4.3
20.0
17.5
20 7
16.8
12.3
7.2
42.8
33 2
19. 4
4.6
New
Eng
land
Middle Border South Great Middle South
Atlantic States
east
Lakes West
west
Moun
tain
Pacific
P ercent
Under 80-_ ____ _
.
80 and under 100__ -----100 and under 120_______
120 and under 140 140 and under 160-----------160 and under 180___ --_
180 and under 200________
200 and under 220________
220 and under 240________
240 and over____________
0.3
13.2
14.4
25.2
18.9
10.4
8.5
6.4
1.5
1.2
Total_____________
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under $2,000______
___
$2,000 and under $2,500___
$2,500 and under $3,000___
$3,000 and under $3,500___
$3,500 and under $4,000
$4,000 and over - . .............. -
0.9
11.2
39.0
41.9
6.9
.1
2.2
24.1
67.0
6.7
16.7
47.3
33.1
2.9
17.9
58.8
19.3
4.0
4.1
16.0
37.6
28.3
13.4
.5
14.6
76.6
8.9
1.2
33.4
65.4
33.3
13.5
49.7
3.5
Total_____ _______
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
30.2
17.5
35.6
16.7
1.2
4.8
1.1
51.9
20 7
20 7
8.4
25 2
37 9
20 Q
7.6
9.0
5.2
Q4
33 0
24 4
13 4
10 5
27
49
1.7
100.0
08
14 3
11 Q
30 fi
22. 2
19.8
25 1
38.7
8 fi
47 3
38 8
17! 8
18 2
7.1
2 1
16.4
1fi 7
18! 9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.8
25.0
49.9
23.9
.5
4.0
51.9
44.2
20.2
74.3
5.4
17.8
55.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
10 1
7.6
87
2.9
m o
D o lla r s
100.0
100.0
7. 5
44.3
48.2
100.0
22.3
26.8
71.3
6.5
100.0
100.0
1 Changes in average salaries for individual school systems were affected by
shifts in the proportion of elementary- and secondary-school teachers between
1941 and 1957. The proportion of elementary teachers increased from about
56 to about 61J-i percent of all urban teachers by 1955; since then there has been
no appreciable change. Because average salaries of elementary school teachers
are frequently lower than those of secondary school teachers, the average
increases shown here are smaller than the rise that would be shown if the
proportions had remained constant.
2 See footnote 4, table 1, for composition of regions.
Most of the cities where salaries had not doubled
were in the Middle Atlantic States, where salaries
in 1941 were relatively high; the remainder were
in the Southeast. However, in the Southeast re
gion, average salaries for all teachers combined
had risen proportionately more than elsewhere;
five-sixths of the southeastern city teachers were
employed in school systems that had raised sala
ries by at least 140 percent and almost three-fifths,
at least 180 percent. Considering thè country as
a whole, a third of the teachers in cities of 50,000
but fewer than 250,000 population were in school
systems where pay had risen at least this amount.
In dollar terms, average increases ranged from
slightly less than $2,000 to $4,000. Salaries in
communities with almost half of all city public
school teachers had increased by an average of at
least $3,000 between the 1941 and the 1957 school
years.
ably smaller in 1957 than in 1941. Thus, average
salaries in cities employing about three-fourths of
the urban teachers ranged from about $1,600 to
about $3,400—a difference of about 110 percent—
in 1941 compared with $4,200 to about $6,200, or
about 50 percent, in 1957.
In 1956-57, for the first time, teachers’ average
salaries exceeded $3,000 a year in every school
system studied (chart). Pay was highest in the
large communities; nine-tenths of the teachers in
areas of more than 500,000 population worked
where pay averaged $5,200 or more; one-half were
employed where salaries amounted to an average
of at least $6,000 in 1957.4 In communities with
less than a half million population, more than
one-half of the teachers were employed in school
systems where average pay fell below $5,000.
Average salaries varied widely among these smaller
cities. Only in communities of 250,000 to 500,000
was there any significant concentration: there,
about 1 in 6 teachers was employed in cities where
salaries averaged $4,400 but less than $4,600, and
an equal number was employed where salaries
averaged $5,200 but less than $5,400.
Levels of Pay in 1957
Pay increases have tended to be proportionately
greatest in the communities where salaries were
owest in 1941. Consequently, the variation in
salary levels among school systems was appreci
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
*
The highest average—$6,555—was reported for New York City.
Summaries of Studies and Reports
Federal Mediation and
Conciliation Since 1947
E ditor’s N ote.— This article was excerpted jrom
the Tenth Annual Report oj the Federal Media
tion and Conciliation Service for the Fiscal Year
1957, published in 1958. For easier reading,
suspension marks to denote unused portions of
the report have not been indicated.
Origin and Responsibilities of the Service
1913, the need for Federal conciliation in indus
trial disputes substantially affecting interstate
commerce had found expression in the organic act
that created the Department of Labor. That
act provided:
mediation and conciliation; (2) to assist in pre
venting labor-management discord or disputes;
and (3) to encourage the voluntary use of arbitra
tion.
The act represents a search by the Congress for
the solution to the many serious problems involv
ing labor and management that arose at the con
clusion of the war years, with their restrictions
and governmental controls. Mediation, the es
sence of voluntarism, seems to have met the test
of protecting the public interests and demonstrat
ing that, in general, governmental control in col
lective bargaining is neither needed nor desirable.
In
That the Secretary of Labor shall have power to act as
mediator and to appoint commissioners of conciliation in
labor disputes whenever in his judgment the interests of
industrial peace may require it to be done.
As the fundamental national concept of free
collective bargaining became more clearly defined
and established, the role of voluntary governmental
mediation and conciliation was recognized as the
only proper participation of Government in the
collective bargaining process that was effective and
yet consonant with the basic principle of bar
gaining freedom.
The Congress, in enacting the Labor Manage
ment Relations Act, 1947, determined that the
mediation and conciliation function could best be
performed by a wholly independent governmental
agency—the Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service.
The multiphase aspect of the problems inherent
in labor relations emphasizes the [following] re
sponsibilities of the Service, which implement the
statute by policy and action: (1) to assist parties
to labor disputes to settle them with the help of
388
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1948-57 : In Quest of Industrial Peace
[The 1948-57] decade of activity has seen much
modernization in labor-management joint rela
tionships as well as in their respective fields of
operation. The experience of the Service supports
the positive observation that labor-management
relations have progressively become more stable
throughout these 10 years. There has been a
steadily increasing acceptability of collective bar
gaining, mediation, and voluntary arbitration as
means of improving these relations.
There has been a real national quest for indus
trial peace and recognition of its importance to
world peace. Practically every civic organization
has to some extent become industrial relations
minded, including the churches, universities, and
colleges, with their labor-management institutes,
seminars, and other programs. The daily press,
news, and trade magazines, in general, give more
realistic treatment to affairs of industry and labor
through writers expert in this field. There has
been a wealth of research, by these interested
parties and by the many labor and management
organizations themselves, into the causes of indus
trial strife. Both labor and industry are placing
more emphasis on proper training of then* respec-
389
FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SINCE 1947
tive representatives, with greater recognition of
their responsibilities in the public interest.
While the Service will not attempt to prognosti
cate activity for the next 10 years, the collective
knowledge of representatives of the Service, along
with that of the influential contacts they maintain
in this field, forecasts a very active 1958. Among
the major issues foreseen are demands for ex
panded pension provisions and increased supple
mental unemployment benefits. With the expira
tion of numerous 3- and 2-year contracts in 1958,
the activity of the Service is expected to increase
substantially over recent years.
Long-Term Trends and Mediation
A great variety of forces—economic, social,
political, psychological—all impinge upon the
labor relations environment in which the need for
mediation arises and likewise affect its ultimate
success or failure.
A review of developments over the past 10 years
brings to light several possible environmental fac
tors which have undoubtedly affected the number
of work stoppages and serious labor disputes.
Moreover, it can reasonably be expected that some
of these will continue in varying degrees to affect
the future. For convenient analysis, these develop
ments affecting labor relations can be grouped into
the following discernible areas: (1) Changes in col
lective bargaining practices; (2) changes within the
labor movement itself; (3) legislation—actual and
potential; and (4) geographical shifts of industry.
During the past decade, there has developed a
group of capable negotiators for both unions and
companies, whose maturity in the collective bar
gaining relationship and experience in the use of
mediation have tended to lessen the number of
strikes. Several fundamental changes have taken
place in collective bargaining itself which have
also, undoubtedly, contributed to such an end
result. There is general recognition that the objec
tive of the parties is to achieve a mutually satis
factory agreement rather than the defeat of the
other team.
Noteworthy during the decade has been the
number of long-term contracts, many without re
opening clauses. Agreements in many key indus
tries, extending for 2-, 3-, and even 5-year terms,
often of a “pattern setting” nature, have lessened
the number of negotiations taking place in any 1
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T
1. Industries involved in cases closed after formal
mediation by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service, fiscal year 1957
able
Employees
Cases
Industry
Total____________________
Num- Perher cent
In bargaining
unit
In establish
ment
Num
ber
N um
ber
Per
cent
Per
cent
6,069 100.0 2,999,579 100.0 6, 850, 569 100.0
Manufacturing____________ 4,223
500
Services_________________
Construction______________
449
Wholesale trade________
355
Transportation, communica
tion, and other public util221
ties......... ....................... ........
Retail trade______________
180
Mining_____ _____________
103
38
Miscellaneous1____________
69.6 2,064,015
8.2 188,078
7.4 315, 982
5.8
45,101
3.6
3.0
1.7
.7
267, 809
57,163
28, 447
32,984
68.8 4,166,278
6.3 491, 418
10.5 945,102
1.5 114,006
8.9
1.9
1.0
1.1
818, 579
152,021
71, 299
91, 866
60.8
7.2
13.8
1.7
11.9
2.2
1.1
1.3
i Includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, finance, insurance, and real
estate.
year. [Table 1 shows industries involved in cases
closed after formal mediation in fiscal year 1957.]
Another development affecting the need for me
diation has been the growing tendency towards
multiunit bargaining on a companywide, areawide,
or industrywide basis. [The sizes of bargaining
units involved in disputes formally mediated in
fiscal year 1957 are shown in table 2.] While such
developments have been especially noticeable on
the West Coast—where labor unions are reported
now to refer to employer associations as “employer
unions”—the movement toward larger units has
been universal in negotiations throughout the
country.
The past decade has seen a change in the type of
issues discussed in collective bargaining. [See
chart for the frequency of issues in disputes formal
ly mediated in fiscal year 1957.] The contro
versy over whether employers had to bargain over
pensions and welfare benefits has abated, and most
unions have achieved at least their minimal goals
in this area. The practice of “package settle
ments,” whereby a certain proportion of a wagecost increase is allocated for various welfare bene
fits and the cost of certain fringes, has become more
common and has made settlement on such terms
more palatable to employers. As for employees,
the fact that welfare benefits are tax free has been
an inducement on their part to accept such
settlements.
The continuing increase in the cost of living has
served to narrow bargaining on wages. The auto
matic wage increases under long-term contracts,
390
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Frequency of Issues Appearing in Cases Closed After
Formal Mediation, Fiscal Year 1957
T ho us an d s
o
i
2
3
4
5
6
W ages
Vacations and
h o lid a y s
Duration of contract
Pensions, insurance,
an d w e lfa re
Hours and overtime
Seniority
Union security
G uarantees
Arbitration
M an age m en t
prerogatives
Other issues
counting both improvement factors and sub
stantial cost-of-living adjustments, have estab
lished a high floor for wage bargaining. With most
fringes already initiated, a bargaining climate has
resulted where the wide give-and-take that usually
accompanies negotiations involving numerous is
sues has not been present. Economic forces, such
as general prosperity, a sustained and increasing
demand for products, and a labor scarcity, have
served to make substantial wage increases more
acceptable to employers. The “productivity” con
cept of annual wage increases has undoubtedly
helped minimize wage controversies.
Changes in collective bargaining practices which
have occurred in the last 10 years seem to have
been in the direction of lessening the frequency of
need for mediation but making the work more
difficult and the requirements of the job more time
consuming. Of late, a desire has become evident
on the part of some negotiators to have the
mediator enter the negotiations earlier so that he
can thoroughly understand the complex issues and
be able to mediate effectively when deadlocks
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
develop. [For disposition of cases processed in
fiscal year 1957, see table 3.]
There is one recent development which could
constitute the exception to the trend toward
fewer numerical disputes. That is the situation
which may develop from the pressure within large
industrial-type unions to establish a preferred and
separate collective bargaining status for skilled
workers, engineers, technicians, and office workers.
The past decade has seen the merger of the two
big labor federations and a determined effort to
lessen jurisdictional problems.
Moreover, great changes have taken place in
the objectives of the American labor movement.
Formerly devoted to “bread and butter” unionism
whose chief demands were wages, union security,
overtime, and improved working conditions, there
has been a transformation to “social institution
alism” which seeks protection from all life’s
hazards for the employee and his family. While
many of these programs are sought in the political
arena, a series of new concepts has also been
injected into collective bargaining.
During the past decade, there have been several
noticeable shifts in industry which have affected
collective bargaining. For those operations that
moved, there was a change or elimination of col
lective bargaining pressures. For those that
remained, competition and pools of labor surplus
resulted in efforts to remove costly labor restric
tions through changing contract language. Major
shifts in industry location upset collective bar
gaining equilibrium and result in new demands
upon mediators.
The general climate of labor-management rela
tions has steadily improved over the past 10
years. This has been the result of many factors
Employees involved in cases closed after formal
mediation by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service, fiscal year 1957
T a b l e 2.
Cases
Employees
Total______________
Num Per
ber cent
Employees
In bargaining unit In establishment
Number Percent Number Percent
6,069 100.0 2, 999, 579
1,000 or more _______ 1, 111
500 through 999_______ 703
100 through 499_______ 2,654
50 through 99_________ 948
1 through 49................. . 653
18.3 2,279, 023
11.6
265,188
43.7
394, 087
15.6
47, 367
10.8
13, 914
100.0 6,850, 569
100.0
76.0 5, 693, 830
8.8
471, 995
598,655
13.1
1.6
66, 258
.5
19,831
83.1
6.9
8.7
1.0
.3
391
FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SINCE 1947
apart from the efforts of the Service. Where
union status has been generally established and
accepted, the parties can direct their efforts more
toward making their relationship mutually ad
vantageous. The increase of arbitration clauses
in contracts and the wider acceptance of arbitra
tion has undoubtedly contributed to peaceful
relations. There has also been a greater accept
ance of union responsibility. Unions which for
merly would strike at the “drop of a hat” are more
likely now to be amenable to mediation.
This period has encompassed a time when
goods were in short supply and money plentiful.
Today, there is talk in many quarters about an
overabundance of productive facilities and a
tightness of money. Many employers are finding
themselves in a cost-price squeeze with profits
falling. When present labor contracts expire and
new demands are made, many employers will need
to review their costs carefully, including labor;
and the question of wages and other cost items
will be a serious one in collective bargaining.
Preventive Mediation
One of the major responsibilities imposed on
the Service by the act is the prevention of labormanagement disputes. As the result of a decade
of study, trial, and experience, the Service has
developed a 3-phase approach to effective pre
ventive activities: (1) Improvement of dispute
mediation with modified procedures to enhance
its direct preventive effect; (2) case-by-case pre
ventive mediation; and (3) informational-educa
tional activities to improve the skills and attitudes
of bargainers.
The Service believes that the basic industrial
relations policy of the United States (as expressed
in sec. 201 of the act) can be effectuated only if,
in addition to disp ate mediation, the mediators of
the Service make an active effort to identify and
help solve disruptive labor relations situations
when the parties are not engaged in crisis bargain
ing, when tempers may be cooler, and the advan
tage of industrial peace can be more readily seen
by both parties.
An important arm of preventive mediation is
the audio-visual discussion technique. This pro
gram consists of the showing by a mediator of one
or more of several sequences which dramatize
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T able 3. Disposition of cases processed by the Federal
Mediation and Conciliation Service, fiscal year 1967
Item
Total cases processed................................- ................................. —
Received during year...................................................... ..........
Pending at close of previous year_________________ ____
Total cases reviewed and closed without assignment to
mediator__________ _______________________________
Lack of jurisdiction___________________________________
Consolidated 1 and other reasons.-....... ....................................
Total cases closed after initial inquiry by mediator.............—
Lack of jurisdiction___________________________________
No need for mediation________________________________
Consolidated and other reasons............ ...... ..............................
Total cases closed after mediation assignm ent................... ........
Formal mediation 8.....................................................................
Informal mediation 8__________________________________
Other reasons............ ...............................................................
Total cases pending end of year....................................................
Number of
cases
81,624
77, 973
3,651
57, 920
10,053
47,867
6,950
1,262
5,201
487
13,311
6,069
7,148
94
3,443
i Case consolidation occurs most frequently when individual employers
bargain together as one association with the same union.
8 Formal mediation includes situations where the mediator contributes to
the settlement of a dispute through advice, consultation, arrangement of
meetings, or by actually participating in conferences with the parties.
The 6,069 cases formally closed in 1957 were settled as follows: 94.3 percent
resulted in agreements between the parties, 3.1 percent required no further
mediation, 1.3 percent were referred to other agencies, and 1.3 percent were
withdrawn.
8 Informal mediation refers to the mediator’s activity of maintaining liaison
between the parties without actually participating in conferences.
various grievance situations. The handling of
grievances was selected as the subject matter of
the slides, because the proper handling of griev
ances is generally regarded as a foundation stone
of harmonious labor relations. The showing of
the slides and recorded narrative serve as a lead-in
to a discussion of the issues depicted with an expe
rienced mediator as a discussion leader. The ob
jectives of the discussion program are to (1) sensi
tize the parties to their mutual problems; (2) help
them become aware of their mutual responsibili
ties for disruptive situations; (3) aim for an atti
tude of reasonableness through frank discussion
and an exchange of opinion; and (4) assist the
parties toward maturity in their labor-manage
ment relationship.
The Service cooperates with universities through
out the country by participating in conferences and
seminars designed to promote a better under
standing between labor and management. The
long-range effect of such a cooperation program
is to implement preventive mediation by assisting
in the building of sound labor-management rela
tions; the immediate effect is to provide an educa
tional service in the field of industrial relations.
Arbitration
The Labor Management Relations Act, in
addition to directing the Service to provide gov-
392
ernmental facilities for voluntary arbitration, de
clares the national policy to be that arbitration
is the desirable method for settling grievances
arising out of labor contracts.
The governmental facilities for voluntary arbi
tration, as provided by the Service, are limited to
(1) maintenance of a roster of carefully screened
and qualified arbitrators and (2) assistance by
the Service in helping the parties select an im
partial arbitrator or arbitration chairman to
decide the issues in dispute. These arbitrators
are employees of the parties, not the Government.
The present increased use of arbitration and of
the Service roster of arbitrators appears to be a
true growth, fostered by the inherent value of
arbitration as an effective, equitable, and useful
means of final adjustment of labor disputes.
During the postwar fiscal years 1945 to 1947,
inclusive, the number of arbitrators (both public
and private) designated by the Conciliation
Service of the Department of Labor averaged
1,039; in the fiscal year 1957, 1,270 arbitrators
were furnished. Apparently the policy of not
providing free Government arbitrators has not, in
the long run, adversely affected the use of arbi
tration.
A major legal obstacle to the use of arbitration
as a means of avoidance of strikes, lockouts, and
other coercion has been removed in industrial dis
putes affecting interstate commerce. [In 1957,]
the Supreme Court of the United States, in Textile
Workers v. Lincoln Mills,1held that section 301 of
the Labor Management Relations Act not only
enabled the Federal courts to order specific per
formance of executory (contract) agreements to
arbitrate labor disputes but also provided a body
of substantive law for the courts to apply because
*‘industrial peace can best be obtained only in
that way.”
There can be no question but what manage
ment and labor are almost unanimous in their
desire to remove most labor disputes from the
judicial forum and to settle them by other means.
It is anticipated that this important and farreaching decision of the United States Supreme
Court will make it easier to induce the parties to
labor disputes affecting interstate commerce to
substitute arbitration for economic coercion.
1353 U. S. 448.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Earnings in the Philadelphia
Knitted-Outerwear industry, 1956
E mployment and workers’ earnings in the knittedouterwear industry in Philadelphia experienced
considerable growth from 1954 through 1956. In
1956, the workers averaged more weeks of work
and higher straight-time hourly, gross weekly,
and annual earnings than in the previous 2 years,
despite a reduction in scheduled weekly hours from
37% to 35 in October 1955, according to a study
made by the U. S. Department of Labor’s Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
The segment of the knitted-outerwear industry
located in Philadelphia marked in 1957 its 20th
anniversary of successful collective bargaining un
interrupted by a single strike. During the 3-year
period studied, practically all of the knitted-outer
wear manufacturers in the city operated under
agreements with the Knit-Goods Workers Union,
Local 190, of the International Ladies’ Garment
Workers’ Union. All but a handful of the union
ized concerns were members of the Knitted Outer
wear Manufacturers Association, Pennsylvania
District, covering the Philadelphia area. Members
of the association operated under a master agree
ment with the union and nonassociation firms had
individual agreements that followed the terms of
the master contract. The BLS study, made at
the request of the association and the union, was
made possible under the master agreement which
stipulated that employers shall furnish the union
with transcripts of payroll records for each em
ployee, by occupation. The union posted the
figures from these payroll transcripts to individualmember record cards, so that hours of work and
weekly earnings, straight-time and premium, were
listed for each entire year.
The nature of the union records did not permit
the exclusion of all learners and handicapped
workers from the occupational data as is usually
done in Bureau wage studies. As a result, the
occupational wage levels may be slightly lower
than would otherwise be the case. In addition,
occupational classifications were not always up to
date. Moreover, vacation pay was omitted from
gross annual earnings. Despite these qualifica
tions, the data provide substantial insight into
EARNINGS IN PHILADELPHIA KNITTED-OUTERWEAR INDUSTRY
1. Average straight-time hourly earnings,1 average
weekly hours, gross average weekly earnings, and average
annual earnings of production workers in the Philadelphia
knitted-outerwear industry, selected dates, 194-8-56
T able
Item
1948
All workers_________________
4,419
Average straight-time hourly earnings1____________ $1.15
Average weekly hours_____
36.9
Average gross weekly earnings----------------------------- $43.40
All employees who worked 46
weeks or more_____________
1, 716
Average annual earnings 2. . . $2,397
1951
1954
1955
1956
6,078
7,358
8,330
9,313
$1.30
36.0
$1.45
35.8
$1.47
36.3
$1.56
36.4
$47. 57
$53.65
$55.42
$59.18
2,051
$2,586
2,241
$2, 979
2,943
$3,067
3,606
$3,246
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays,
and late shifts.
2 Excludes vacation pay; for workers employed 46 hours or more, vacation
pay would amount to about 2 percent of gross annual earnings.
patterns of employment and earnings in the
Philadelphia segment of the industry.
The data summarized in this report relate to all
union plants in the industry located in the Phila
delphia metropolitan area. All of the establish
ments operated full-process plants in that they
knitted their own fabrics and manufactured fin
ished products, such as men’s and women’s bathing
suits and sweaters and sportswear, including men’s
knitted golf shirts. A few purchased no yarn on
their own account but instead worked on a con
tract basis, the yarn being provided by the jobber.
During the period studied, however, there was a
noticeable change in the marketing of products:
many firms were found to be operating their own
sales departments and selling directly to retailers
instead of through jobbers.
393
1956, approximately two-thirds of the workers in
the industry were paid on a piece-rate basis.
The plants were operated in 1956 on a 5-day
weekly schedule of 35 hours, and workers were
paid time and a half for all work in excess of 8
hours in any 1 day or 40 hours in any 1 week.
Employees were also granted 6 paid holidays per
year. One year of continuous service with a
minimum of 1,200 hours worked entitled an
employee to a full week of paid vacation, while
those having from 500 to 1,200 hours received a
prorated amount of vacation pay from the
employer. Under the terms of the union agree
ment, all employers contributed 6 percent of their
payrolls to health and welfare and retirement
funds.
Industry Trends, 1954-56
Employment in the industry increased from
7,358 in 1954 to 9,313 in 1956, or almost 1,000
workers a year. The 1956 employment figure is
more than double the 1948 figure of 4,419d The
number of establishments has remained fairly conAverage annual earnings,1 average weekly hours,
and premium overtime pay of production workers em
ployed 46 weeks or more in the Philadelphia knitted-outer
wear industry, selected occupations,2 1955 and 1956
T a b l e 2.
Average annual earnings 1
1955
1956
Average
weekly
hours
Occupation2
Labor Force and Wage Practices
Gross
Women comprised about 84 percent of the labor
force of the knitted-outerwear industry in Phila
delphia during 1956. Except for cutters, knitters
(both circular and full-fashioned), and pressers,
who were nearly all men, the other occupations
were staffed largely by women. Between 1954
and 1956, the number of full-fashioned knitters
and toppers has increased; moreover, the occupa
tion of spreader has become more important
numerically in the industry’s labor force as a result
of the growing practice of having a worker spread
the material for the cutter. A trend away from
paying on an hourly rate basis has developed; in
1 For data on employment and earnings in 1948, see Annual Earnings of
Knitted-Outerwear Workers in 1951 (in M onthly Labor Review, March 1953,
pp. 249-253).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All workers 3............. ..........
Percent
Percent
earned
earned
at pre Gross at pre 1955
mium
mium
rate
rate
1956
$3,067
4.0
$3, 246
4.6
37.7
37.4
Bundlers and pin ticketers.. $2,831
Cutters_________________ 5,363
Examiners, trimmers, fold
ers, ana hand sewers___
2,118
General help____________
2,463
Knitters, circular________ 4,627
Knitters, full-fashioned___
4, 762
L oopers................ ...... ........ 3,686
Menders_________ _____
2,998
Merrow operators________ 2,840
Pressers, machine________ 3,932
Sewing-machine operators,
single needle___________ 2, 708
Sewing-machine operators,
special________________ 2,759
Spreaders_______________ 2, 761
Toppers, full-fashioned____ 3,489
3.9
5.4
$2,695
5,750
4.2
6.1
38.8
42.3
37.8
42.8
3.0
4.4
7.0
3.7
3.4
4.6
2.4
5.5
2,361
2,663
4, 964
5,187
3, 687
3,222
2,992
3,876
3.6
5.0
8.3
5.5
4.2
5.4
3.1
4.8
36.8
38.2
44.3
37.5
35.8
39.3
35.1
39.8
36.6
38.5
44.2
38.8
35.3
39.2
35.2
38.2
2.5
2,917
2.8
35.3
35.2
2.6
3.1
3.1
2,924
2,920
3,689
3.6
3.8
4.0
34.7
38.5
34.8
35.1
39.0
33.8
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
2 Knitters (full-fashioned), loopers, merrow operators, pressers (machine),
sewing-machine operators (single needle and special), and toppers (fullfashioned), are all or predominantly pieceworkers; most of the other occupa
tions also have considerable numbers of pieceworkers, especially examiners,
trimmers, folders, and hand sewers.
3 Includes occupations not shown separately.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
394
T able 3.
Distribution of 'production workers in the Philadelphia knitted-outerwear industry, by number of weeks worked,
selected occupations, 1956
Weeks of work
SewingBunExamin
Mermachine Sewingers, trim Gen K nit
K nit
Toppers,
All
dlers
work and pin C ut
eral
fullmers,
ters, ters, full- Loopers Mend row Pressers, operators, machine Spread
oper machine single operators,
folders,
ers
ers
ers 1 tickters
help circular fashioned
fashioned
ators
special
needle
eters
and hand
sewers
568
1 to 5 weeks_________
to 10 weeks - ______ 695
11 to 15 weeks________ 660
544
16 to 20 weeks_______
510
21 to 25 weeks— ___
553
26 to 30 weeks_______
554
31 to 35 weeks.— ____
729
36 to 40 weeks.— ____
894
41 to 45 weeks_______
46 weeks and over____ 3,606
5
29
6
Total_____ ____ 9,313
69
Yearly average (weeks). 34.0
34.9
2
2
6
1 Includes
137
152
117
10
6
4
11
able
4.
17
97
57
63
71
52
59
69
79
103
141
486
88
141
141
170
720
18
31
46
294
85
187
1,903
1,100
530
165
524
187
1,180
43.6
33.3
30.4
39.1
40.8
37.0
37.9
36.0
123
121
102
21
17
36
1
7
8
11
10
16
21
11
7
6
5
11
12
11
18
14
17
15
110
124
105
92
80
18
32
28
21
22
15
31
23
19
13
14
3
8
6
5
117
96
132
147
384
27
41
54
65
184
243
1,338
492
207
103
36.3
31.1
35.8
28.4
38.7
10
9
10
22
68
8
11
11
62
6
5
6
16
48
occupations not shown separately.
stant over the 3-year period, with 59 in 1954, 63
in 1955, and 59 in 1956. Size of plant has thus
increased. In 1954, the plants in the industry
employed from 5 to 357 workers; 26 had fewer than
50 employees, 19 from 50 to 100, 6 from 101 to 200,
T
3
18
20
67
74
76
342
120
4
4
9
2
6
3
3
22
21
2
2
5
3
24
80
124
116
70
63
23
29
27
26
33
27
48
52
239
3
and 8 had over 200 employees. In 1956, the
smallest plant had 6 employees and the largest 633,
with 16 plants having fewer than 50 employees,
22 from 50 to 100, 10 from 101 to 200, and 11 plants
with over 200 employees.
Distribution of production workers employed 46 weeks or more in the Philadelphia knitted-outerwear industry, by
annual earnings,1 selected occupations,2 1956
Annual earnings 1
$1 200 and under $1,400 __
$1 400 and under $1,600
$1600 end under $1,800__
$1800 and under $2,000__
$2 000 and under $2,200__
$9C>00 and under $2.400
$2 400 and under $2.600_
$9600 and under $2.800 __
$2,800 and under $3,000---$3 000 and under $3,200 _
S3Ì200 and under $3,400---$3,400 and under $3,600---$3,600 and under $3,800---$3,800 and under $4,000---$4,000 and under $4,200—
$4 200 and under $4,400 __
$4 400 and under $4,600
$4 600 and under $4,800
$4,800 and under $5,000---$5 000 and under $5,200
$5 200 and under $5,400 _
$5 400 and under $5,600
$5 600 and under $5,800
$5 800 arid under $6,000 _
$6 000 and under $6,200
$6 200 and under $6,400
$6 400 and under $6 600
$6 600 and under $6,800
$6 800 and under $7,000
$7 0n0 and under $7,200
$7 200 and under $7,400
$7 400 and under $7,600
$7 600 and under $7,800
$7 806 and under $8 000
$8 000 and over
BunExam
All
Gen
dlers
iners,
work and pin C ut trimmers, eral
folders, help
ers 3 ticket- ters
and hand
ers
sewers
4
16
77
266
386
386
312
295
228
232
189
148
135
110
101
91
79
76
74
55
52
53
48
42
18
18
13
23
16
2
5
3
3
5
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
8
7
9
8
10
12
6
4
1
12
11
6
5
2
1
3
2
2
1
9
4
4
1
2
2
2
10
11
8
8
11
17
11
16
20
27
25
13
15
19
12
8
2
2
6
11
12
4
2
10
10
2
2
2
2
8
5
9
17
29
141
K nit
ters,
fullfash
ioned
1
1
1
1
3
5
2
1
1
1
3
4
3
7
6
11
10
13
2
5
3
5
6
342
294
$2,361 $2, 663
$4,964
720
SewingMer- Press machine SewingToppers,
fullLoop Mend row ers, ma operators, machine Spread
fash
ers
ers
oper chine
single operators, ers
special
ioned
ators
needle
1
2
6
8
14
15
17
22
20
17
21
15
12
15
10
9
7
7
3
1
4
7
4
12
17
10
8
7
6
3
7
5
2
1
2
1
1
9
22
35
48
49
66
42
53
34
30
25
17
17
14
3
7
7
3
3
1
6
4
3
4
1
3
4
3
4
11
3
4
6
10
9
5
6
13
1
3
9
21
25
35
49
53
27
41
33
25
20
9
9
7
8
8
5
3
4
3
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
4
7
Average annual earnings.. $3,246 $2,695 $5, 750
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
2
1
5
11
45
69
47
36
18
21
25
12
4
10
8
5
2
5
8
Total number of
3,606
workers . _
i See footnoteSl,Stable 1.
! See footnotes,¡table 2.
1
2
36
116
171
146
84
53
39
20
20
8
4
10
6
K nit
ters,
circu
lar
1
3
3
1
2
2
4
13
19
16
17
19
15
19
20
11
12
2
6
2
4
2
1
1
1
4
7
13
7
5
1
3
4
4
2
3
3
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
2
5
2
3
1
11
2
3
2
2
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
486
117
384
184
62
48
$5,187 $3,687 $3, 222 $2,992
$3,876
$2, 917
$2,924
$2, 920
$3, 689
85
239
3 Includes
97
occupations not shown separately.
EARNINGS IN PHILADELPHIA KNITTED-OUTERWEAR INDUSTRY
T able 5.
Distribution of production workers in the Philadelphia knitted-outerwear industry, by average straight-time hourly
earnings,1 selected occupations,2 1956
Straight-time average
hourly earnings1
BunExam
All
dlers
Gen
iners,
work and pin C ut trimmers, eral
ers 3 ticket- ters
folders, help
ers
and hand
sewers
___ 225
Under $1.00.
$1.00 and under $1.05____ 1,747
$1.05 and under $1.10____ 836
$1.10 and under $1.15____ 599
$1.15 and under $1.20----- 464
$1.20 and under $1.25____ 393
$1.25 and under $1.30____ 401
$1.30 and under $1.35____ 379
$1.35 and under $1.40____ 316
291
$1.40 and under $1.45___
$1.45 and under $1.50____ 259
$1.50 and under $1.55___
261
$1.55 and under $1.60 - __ 250
$1.60 and under $1.65____ 272
$1.65 and under $1.70____ 250
$1.70 and under $1.75
.
199
$1.75 and under $1.80____ 197
$1.80 and under $1.85___
194
$1.85 and under $1.90__
173
$1.90 and under $1.95___
130
$1.95 and under $2.00____ 155
$2.00 and under $2.05____ 166
$2.05 and under $2.10____ 115
$2.10 and under $2.15-----114
$2.15 and under $2.20____
100
$2.20 and under $2.25
106
$2.25 and under $2.30----94
$2.30 and under $2.35____
77
$2.35 and under $2.40____
46
$2.40 and under $2.45-----61
$2.45 and under $2.50____
43
$2.50 and under $2.60-- 85
$2.60 and under $2.70____
76
$2.70 and under $2.80____
54
$2.80 and under $2.90____
68
$2.90 and under $3.00-- . . .
33
$3.00 and over__________
84
Totalnumber of workers. 9,313
Average hourly earnings
$1.56
27
5
4
7
2
5
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
9
3
8
19
14
17
15
14
7
3
4
6
12
5
12
2
26
92
621
317
199
138
109
87
56
51
45
30
28
25
17
18
15
9
10
5
6
1
5
5
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
Knit
ters,
circu
lar
2
8
7
11
3
7
6
15
15
3
4
5
8
5
3
3
5
4
7
9
2
9
5
17
13
13
28
9
2
h
11
7
12
8
3
6
5
2
6
1
4
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
H
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
2
3
1
1
SewingMer- Press machine SewingToppers,
Loop Mend row ers, ma operators, machine Spread
fullers
oper chine
ers
single operators, ers
fash
ators
needle
special
ioned
1
7
11
H
8
10
11
15
5
12
10
12
10
14
5
12
8
7
7
3
2
18
5
8
5
12
10
7
3
9
13
7
10
14
28
31
34
40
28
21
30
47
27
18
4
4
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
4
1
2
1
12
90
40
47
57
47
64
53
70
48
62
63
58
48
55
36
38
42
36
25
28
23
15
17
H
23
13
10
8
11
5
10
3
5
2
2
3
28
U
20
5
12
12
7
12
8
1
5
g
7
5
3
8
5
U
2
6
0
7
2
4
8
3
23
178
81
65
73
68
63
84
56
66
51
40
47
63
58
32
40
32
32
27
23
24
10
14
0
7
42
32
18
21
25
17
23
20
91
15
21
28
28
21
1
9
L8
o
91i
Z
A
5
9
4
7
11
ix
2
o
7
2
4
2
A
15
13
1
8
g
13
16
8
h
g
7
3
2
5
3
3
5
7
1
2
3
19
13
3
8
1
6
7
8
5
5
2
5
3
2
1
1
2
0
Q
fiQ
oy
3
1
1
0o
1
2
o
8
2
O
o
2
1
1
1
7
1
0
1X
3
X
*>
z
o
z
7
é
o
Ö
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tr
O
9
Z
2
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9
L
69
187
1,903
1,100
530
165
524
187
1,180
243
1,338
492
207
103
$1.31
$2.48
$1.21
$1.25
$1.97
$2.44
$1.90
$1.52
$1.62
$1.78
$1.55
$1.60
$1.37
$2.03
The average number of weeks worked per
employee was 31.7 in 1954, 33.3 in 1955, and 34.0
in 1956, thus showing a slight trend toward more
continuous employment in the industry. The
percentage of wage earners working 46 weeks or
more during a year also increased over the 3-year
period. In 1954, 30.5 percent of the workers
worked 46 weeks or more; in 1955, 35.3 percent;
and in 1956, 38.7 percent. The increase in average
number of weeks worked per employee, along with
the growth in the industry’s labor force, accounted
for an increase in total hours actually worked from
8.3 million in 1954 to 10.1 million in 1955 and 11.5
million in 1956.
Average annual earnings 2 of workers employed
46 weeks or more increased about 9 percent be
tween 1954 and 1956, from $2,979 to $3,246 (table
1). From 1954 to 1955, the increase in annual
of vacation pay.
K nit
ters,
fullfash
ioned
2
28
15
11
19
7
18
18
14
19
16
19
21
31
17
20
19
16
14
14
23
18
15
10
15
13
11
8
6
9
9
9
9
5
6
5
15
45
403
150
103
63
53
53
25
29
22
17
20
17
11
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
* See footnote 2, table 2.
2 Exclusive
395
3 includes occupations not shown separately.
earnings was $88, or about 3 percent. Premium
pay for overtime accounted for about 3.5 percent
of the annual earnings in 1954, 4 percent in 1955,
and 4.6 percent in 1956 (table 2). These increases
in premium pay for overtime during the period
studied were due primarily to the seasonal nature
of the industry and the addition of 1 paid holiday
and, to a lesser extent, to the reduction in the
length of the standard workweek. Between 1948
and 1956, annual earnings for workers employed
46 weeks or more increased 35.4 percei t, while the
Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index
for Philadelphia rose 13.7 percent.
Average straight-time hourly earnings for all
WDrkers increased from $1.45 in 1954 to $1.56 in
1956. Nil e cents of the increase occurred be
tween 1955 and 1956, partially because of a nego
tiated general wage increase (effective October
1955), a rise in the Federal hourly minimum wage
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
396
T
6. Average straight-time hourly earnings,l average
weekly hours, and gross average weekly earnings of produc
tion workers in the Philadelphia knitted-outerwear industry,
by length of employment, selected occupations,2 1956
able
Length of employment
Item
1-15
weeks
16-25
weeks
26-45 46 weeks
weeks and over
Total
All workers:3
9,313
1,054
3,606
1,923
2,730
Number of workers_______
$1. 56
$1.67
$1.26
$1.48
Hourly earnings 1_________ $1.19
36.4
37.4
34.9
35.1
34.3
Weekly hours______ _____
$59.18
Gross weekly earnings_____ $41.96 $45. 50 $53.83 $65.33
Bundlers and pin ticketers:
69
29
8
16
16
Number of workers _____
$1.39
$1.31
$1.28
$1.03
$1.08
Hourly earnings 1__ _____
37.3
37.8
28.2
35.3
38.0
Weekly h o u r s .__________
Gross weekly earnings_____ $29. 55 $39.09 $50. 52 $54. 72 $50.88
Cutters:
141
187
4
19
23
Number of w orkers_______
$2.48
$2.25
$2.27
$2.50
Hourly earnings 1 ________ $2.33
42.8
42.7
37.1
40.9
Weekly hours_____ ______
52.8
Gross weekly earnings ___ $130.36 $87.65 $99.08 $114. 01 $112. 46
Examiners, trimmers, folders,
and hand sewers:
1,903
534
720
406
243
Number of w orkers_______
$1. 21
$1.18
$1.25
$1.02
$1.10
Hourly earnings 1 ______ 36.0
35.5
36.6
34.5
35.0
Weekly hours____________
Gross weekly earnings____ $35.89 $39. 43 $43.08 $47. 57 $44.97
General help:
1,100
342
305
320
133
Number of workers______
$1.25
$1.32
$1.11
$1.22
Hourly earnings 1_________ $1.08
37.4
36.9
38.5
36. 7
36.1
Weekly hours____________
$49. 00
Gross weekly earnings_____ $40. 78 $42. 55 $45. 67 $53.46
Knitters, circular:
530
Number of workers
294
62
58
116
$2. 06
$1.97
$1.60
$1.80
$1.58
Hourly earnings 1___ _____
43.4
44.2
38.4
42.3
39.0
Weekly h o u r s ___ _______
$92.67
Gross weekly earn in g s.--__ $63.66 $65.72 $81.21 $99.10
Knitters, full-fashioned:
165
85
15
58
7
Number of workers_______
$2.44
$2.34
$2.55
Hourly earnings 1 _______ $1. 26 $1.74
38.8
38.8
38.9
32.7
39.5
Weekly h o u r s __________
Gross weekly earnings_____ $42.28 $70.64 $95.63 $104. 58 $99.67
Loopers:
524
239
160
72
53
Number of workers_______
$1.90
$1.44
$1.76
$2.03
Hourly earnings 1 ________ $1.36
34.6
33.5
35.3
35.1
33.8
Weekly hours _________
Gross weekly earnings_____ $48.47 $50.03 $60.72 $74. 80 $68.28
Menders:
187
45
97
32
13
Number of workers_______
$1.52
$1. 56
$1.25
$1.48
$1.31
Hourly earnings *_ ______
38.5
39.2
38.5
37.2
Weekly hours____________
34.5
Gross weekly earnings ___ $46.99 $50.23 $57. 62 $64. 50 $61.62
Merrow operators:
1,180
392
111
486
Number of workers_______
191
$1.62
$1.36
$1.63
$1.67
$1.27
Hourly earnings 1_____ _
34.4
35.2
32.4
33.6
33.3
Weekly hours____________
Gross weekly earnings ___ $41.86 $46. 69 $55. 99 $60. 59 $57.54
Pressers, machine:
243
32
51
117
43
Number of w orkers_______
$1.92
$1.78
$1.57
$1.27
Hourly earnings 1 ________ $1.35
38.2
37.5
34.2
36.9
35.0
Weekly hours.. _________
$69. 88
Gross weekly earnings __ $47.25 $45. 77 $60.28 $77. 06
Sewing-machine’operators, single
needle:
1,338
172
384
Number of w o r k e rs _____
339
443
$1.55
$1.27
$1.55
$1.63
$1.36
Hourly earnings 1. ______
34.2
32.4
33.5
35.2
Weekly hours. . ________
33.4
$54. 54
Gross weekly earnings____ $42.89 $45.05 $53.37 $58.91
Sewing-machine operators, spe
cial:
492
184
43
187
Number of workers_______
78
$1. 60
$1.41
$1.63
$1.63
Hourly earnings 1 _ ______ $1.23
34.1
34.0
33.0
35.1
Weekly hours____________
32.6
$56. 64
Gross weekly earnings_____ $41.22 $49.38 $55. 66 $59.28
Spreaders:
62
207
69
32
44
Number of workers_______
$1.45
$1.37
$1.24
$1.37
Hourly earnings 1 _______ $1.10
38.1
38.4
36.9
39.0
Weekly hours. _
______
36.3
$54.35
Gross weekly earnings____ $43.48 $46.82 $52. 70 $58.86
Toppers, full-fashioned:
11
11
103
48
33
Number of workers_______
$2.11
$2.03
$2.01
Hourly earnings 1_________ $1. 53 $1.50
33.3
32.2
33.8
32.1
33.9
Weekly hours ___________
$70.23
Gross weekly earnings_____ $51. 52 $51.34 $67.34 $74.53
] See footnote 1, table 1.
2 See footnote 2, table 2.
2Includes occupations not shown separately.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
to $1 (effective March 1, 1956, under the Fair
Labor Standards Act), and an increase in the
minimum job rate to $1.05 an hour after 13 weeks
of work (effective May 1956, under a new union
contract). Average weekly hours worked also in
creased from 35.8 in 1954 to 36.4 in 1956, thus
accounting for part of the increase in gross average
weekly earnings from $53.65 in 1954 to $59.18 in
1956. In 1956, knitted-outerwear workers in the
United States averaged 38.2 hours per week and
$56.15 gross weekly earnings; employees in Phila
delphia, therefore, worked fewer hours and earned
more per week than the national average for this
industry.
Employment Patterns and Earnings
During 1956, 9,313 wage earners were employed
by the 59 union establishments in the Philadelphia
knitted-outerwear industry. Because of turn
over, seasonal factors, and other reasons, these
workers averaged 34 weeks of employment (table
3). About one-fifth of those employed worked
less than 16 weeks and almost two-fifths were
employed for 46 or more weeks during the year.
Among the selected occupations shown in table
3, cutters, full-fashioned knitters, and circular
knitters, jobs employing predominantly men,
showed the greatest continuity of employment;
on the average, employees in these occupations
worked 43.6, 40.8, and 39.1 weeks, respectively,
during 1956. Of the occupations employing
predominantly women, toppers (full-fashioned)
worked the greatest number of weeks during the
year, 38.7, followed closely by menders and loopers
with 37.9 and 37, respectively. Approximately
three-fourths of the cutters worked 46 weeks or
more, as did over one-half of the circular and
full-fashioned knitters and the menders.
In contrast, the greatest turnover in 1956 was
among spreaders, general help, and single-needle
sewing-machine operators, with average weeks
worked of 28.4, 30.4, and 31.1, respectively.
About 33 percent of the spreaders, 29 percent of
the general help, and 25 percent of the single
needle sewing-machine operators worked less than
16 weeks, while only about 30 percent of the work
ers in each of these occupations worked 46 or
more weeks during 1956.
EARNINGS IN PHILADELPHIA KNITTED-OUTERWEAR INDUSTRY
The average gross annual earnings3 of workers
employed 46 weeks or more in 1956 in the knittedouterwear industry in Philadelphia were $3,246
(table 4). Although they ranged from less than
$1,400 for a few workers to $9,850 for 1 cutter,
over half the workers averaged between $2,000
and $3,200. Only a tenth of the employees
averaged less than $2,000 and over one-fourth
averaged more than $3,800 per year.
Cutters had the highest average annual earn
ings, $5,750; full-fashioned knitters and circular
knitters ranked next with $5,187 and $4,964,
respectively. Almost 70 percent of the cutters
and full-fashioned knitters averaged over $5,000
per year. Workers in the examining, trimming,
folding, and hand-sewing group, mostly women,
had the lowest average annual earnings, $2,361,
with two-thirds earning less than $2,400 per year.
On the other hand, three-fourths of the combined
sewing-machine group (merrow, single-needle, and
special), also predominantly women, averaged
over $2,400 per year.
The average straight-time hourly earnings of the
9,313 wage earners who worked for varying
periods in 1956 were $1.56 (table 5). Some 225
short-term workers hired between October 1955
and March 1, 1956, averaged less than $1 an hour.4
In 1954, on the other hand, 28 percent of the
workers earned less than $1 an hour and in 1955,
about 24 percent. In 1956, 19 percent earned be
tween $1 and $1.05, 42 percent between $1.05
and $1.50, and 14 percent over $2 an hour.
s Exclusive of vacation pay; for workers employed 46 weeks or more, vaca
tion pay would amount to about 2 percent of gross annual earnings.
« These workers had not met the requirement of 13 weeks of employment
to qualify for the $1 minimum wage under the existing contract.
458901
-58-
3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
397
Cutters and full-fashioned knitters were the
highest paid employees, with average hourly earn
ings of $2.48 and $2.44, respectively. Only two
of the selected occupational groups, both having
mostly women workers, had average hourly earn
ings of less than $1.30: examiners, trimmers,
folders, and hand sewers at $1.21 and general help
at $1.25. The sewing-machine group, who com
prised about one-third of the wage earners and
were predominantly women, averaged $1.59 an
hour; among the occupations in this group,
merrow-operators averaged $1.62, special sewingmachine operators, $1.60, and single-needle sew
ing-machine operators, $1.55. Toppers and loopers, also mostly women, averaged $2.03 and $1.90,
respectively.
Continuity of employment in the Philadelphia
knitwear industry was directly related to the
earnings levels of the industry’s workers in 1956.
Table 6 compares straight-time hourly earnings,
weekly hours, and gross weekly earnings of all
workers with those working 1 to 15 weeks, 16 to
25 weeks, 26 to 45 weeks, and 46 weeks or more
during 1956. In all occupations, wage earners
working 46 weeks or more earned more per hour,
averaged more hours per week, and had higher
gross weekly earnings than all workers combined.
Generally, those employees working from 1 to 15
weeks and those working from 16 to 25 weeks had
considerably lower average hourly earnings and
lower gross weekly earnings, reflecting the low skill
level and productivity of new and inexperienced
employees.
—P aul E. W arwick
and
E lliott A. B rowar
New York Regional Office
398
Union Wage Scales in the
Printing Industry, July 1, 1957
N egotiated wage scales for organized printingtrades workers in cities of 100,000 or more popu
lation continued to advance between July 1, 1956,
and July 1, 1957. Pay scales rose an average of
10 cents an hour, or 3.6 percent, during this 1-year
period, according to the U. S. Department of
Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics 51st annual
survey of union scales in the printing trades.1
Labor-management contract provisions that be
came effective during the 12-month period raised
the pay scales for 94 of every 100 printing trades
men included in the survey. The upward adjust
ment varied from 6 to 9 cents for approximately
three-eighths of the workers, 9 to 12 cents for a
fifth, and 12 cents or more for a third.2
As a result of these widespread rate revisions,
union hourly scales on July 1, 1957, averaged
$2.92 for all trades studied—$2.77 for book and
job (commercial) print shops and $3.20 for news
paper establishments.3 Negotiated rates ranging
from $2.80 to $3.30 an hour were in effect for
half of the workers included in the study.
Weekly straight-time work schedules of printingtrades workers decreased slightly during the year
and averaged 36.9 hours on July 1, 1957. Sched
ules of 37K hours a week were applicable to some
what more than half of the workers included in
the survey. Straight-time workweeks of 36}f
hours were in effect for a fourth of the workers,
and 35 hours prevailed for a ninth.
Negotiated health and insurance programs cov
ered approximately two-thirds of the printing
tradesmen. Pension plan provisions were re
ported for slightly more than a fourth of the
included workers.
Wage Scale Changes, 1956-57
Changes in wage rates for organized printingtrades workers result almost exclusively from
negotiations between labor and management
representatives. Many of the contracts in effect
on July 1, 1957, had been negotiated for 2 years—
a few were for longer periods. Contracts of more
than a year’s duration frequently provided for
wage reopenings or specified interim or deferred
increases to become effective on stated dates.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Only those scale changes that actually became
effective during the 12 months ending July 1, 1957,
were included in the current survey. Thus, the
scale revisions presented in this report do not
reflect the total wage advances negotiated in indi
vidual contracts during the survey year.
Scale increases which became effective between
July 1, 1956, and July 1, 1957, as provided in
labor-management contracts, raised the level of
union hourly scales for printing-trades workers 3.6
percent, as previously indicated. This rise—the
greatest annual gain since the year ending July 1,
1953, when the increase was 4.0 percent—ad
vanced the Bureau’s index of union hourly wage
scales to 138.9 (table 1). With gains of 3.7 per
cent in book and job shops and of 3.3 percent in
newspaper establishments, the indexes for these
industry branches advanced to 139.9 and 136.4,
respectively.
The rate of advance during the year did not
differ strikingly among the various geographic
regions or among the individual printing trades
in both branches of the industry. The regional
advances ranged from 2.0 to 3.8 percent in news
paper establishments and from 2.4 to 4.3 percent
in book and job print shops, except in the Moun1Union scales are defined as the minimum wage scales or maximum sched
ules of hours agreed upon through collective bargaining between trade unions
and employers. Rates in excess of the negotiated minimum, which may be
paid for special qualifications or other reasons, are not included.
The information presented in this report was based on union scales in
effect on July 1, 1957, and covered approximately 120,000 printing-trades
workers in 53 cities with populations of 100,000 or more. Data were obtained
from local union officials primarily by mail questionnaire, but in some in
stances, by personal visit of BLS representatives.
The current survey was designed to reflect union wage scales in the printing
industry in all cities of 100,000 or more population. All cities with 500,000
or more population were included, as were most cities in the 250,000 to 500,000
population group. The cities in the 100,000-250,000 group selected for study
were distributed widely throughout the United States. Data for some of
the cities included in the study in the two smaller size groups were weighted
to compensate for cities which were not surveyed. In order to provide
appropriate representation in the combination of data, each geographic
region and population group was considered separately when city weights
were assigned.
Mimeographed listings of union scales are available for each city included
in the study. Forthcoming BLS Bull. 1228 will contain more detailed
information.
* For ease of reading, in this and subsequent discussions of tabulations, the
limits of the class intervals are designated as 3 to 5 percent, 6 to 9 cents, etc.,
instead of using the more precise terminology, “3 and under 5 percent, 6 and
under 9 cents,” etc.
2 Average hourly scales, designed to show current levels, are based on all
scales reported in effect on July 1,1957. Individual scales were weighted by
the number of union members having each rate. These averages are not
designed for precise year-to-year comparisons because of fluctuations in
membership and in job classifications studied. Average cents-per-hour and
percent changes from July 1, 1956, to July 1, 1957, are based on comparable
quotations for the various occupational classifications in both periods
weighted by the membership reported for the current survey. The index
series, designed for trend purposes, is similarly constructed.
UNION SCALES IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY
399
T a b l e 1. I n d e x e s o f u n io n w a g e s c a le s a n d w e e k ly h o u r s in
tain States, where the gain was 6.2 percent. On
th e 'p r in tin g tr a d e s , 1 9 0 7 - 5 7
a trade basis, scale levels rose 5.5 percent for
[January 2, 1948-July 1,1949=100]
bindery women and from 3.2 to 3.9 percent for
the other book and job crafts, and from 2.9 to 3.5
Index of wage scales
Index of weekly hours
percent for day- and night-shift workers combined
Date
All
Book News
A!1
Book News
in the newspaper trades (table 2).
print
and
paper print
and
paper
ing
job
ing
job
Among individual printing craftsmen, the ad
vances represented gains of 3 to 5 percent for
1907: May 15............... .
15.0
(')
19.4
144.8
123.5
0
1911: May 15. .
19.9
19.3
22.4 133.2 136.5
122.3
slightly more than half of the workers in each type
1916: May 15_____ _
21.4
20.8
23.7 132.9 136.4
121.5
1918: May 15________
24.0
23.9
25.5 132.9 136.4
121.5
of printing plant; of less than 3 percent for an
1919: May 15________
29.4
29.4
30.8 132.9 136.3
121.7
1920: May 15________
37.7
38.4
37.6 129.0 131.2
121.6
eighth of those in book and job shops and for a
1921: Mav 15___
41.3
42.2
40.9 121.2 120.7
121.3
1922: May 15............... .
41.8
42.4
41.3 120. 8 119.2
123.6
fourth of those in newspaper work; of 5 percent or
1926: May 15________
46.8
47 4
46.1 119.6 118.4
121.6
1931: May 15______
50.8
51.1
50.1 119.2 118.2
120.6
more to a fourth and a sixth, respectively, of the
1932: May 15___
50.5
50.6
50.0 115.2 113.6
117.5
1933: May 15______
47.5
47.8
46.8 114.3 112.5
116.9
commercial and newspaper workers.
1936: May 15________
51.5
51.6
51.0 106.2 107.0
104.5
1941: June 1_____
56.8
56.6
56.9 104.6 105 8
101.8
In the 12 months ending July 1, 1957, union
1942: July 1 . .......
59.3
59.1
59.4 104.3 105.8
101.7
1943: July 1_________
61.1
60.7
61.9 104.6 106.1
101.7
printing-trades workers advanced their wage scales
1944: July 1________
62.6
62.3
63.3 104.6 106.1
101.7
1945:
Julv
1______
63.5
63
1
64.1 104.6 106 1
101.7
an average of 10 cents an hour in both commercial
1946: July 1_________
74.3
74.2
74. 5 102.0 102.4
101.3
1948:
Jan.
2________
94.3
94.3
94.3
100.1
100.1
100.3
and newspaper printing establishments. This
1949: July 1________
105. 7 105.7 105.7
99.9
99.9
99.7
1950: July 1________
107.9 108.2 107.4
99.8
99.8
99.5
advance in average scales was approximately 3
1951: July 1................ .
112.4 112.1 112.7
99.7
99.5
99.4
1952:
July
1_______
118.8
119.3
117.6
99.5
99
2
99.3
cents more than in the preceding year.
1953: July 1_________
123.5 124.0 122.3
99.5
99.2
99.3
1954: July 1................... 127.1 127.6 125.9
99.4
99.1
99.2
Regionally, average scale advances were more
1955: July 1_________
130.7 131.4 128.9
99.2
98.9
99.1
1956:
July
1_______
134.1
134.9
132.1
99.1
99.0
98.7
uniform for newspaper work than for book and
1957: July 1________
138.9 139.9 136.4
98.8
98.3
98.8
job shop printing. For newspapers, they ranged
1 Combined data for year 1907 not available.
from 8.0 to 11.7 cents in all regions except the
Border States. In this region, average scales rose
6.3 cents. Among book and job shop workers, the
Raises ranged from 6 to 14 cents an hour for
greatest gain (15.4 cents) was in the Mountain
about three-fourths of the printing tradesmen in
region and the lowest (5.6 cents) in the South
each branch of the industry. In book and job
west. In all other regions, the increase ranged
shops, 14 percent of the workers had hourly scale
from 6.6 to 11.2 cents.
advances of 6 to 8 cents, 33 percent of 8 to 10
Among the individual crafts in both book and
cents, 12 percent of 10 to 12 cents, and 14 percent
job shops and newspaper establishments, the rise
of 12 to 14 cents. The comparable percentages
in average scales since July 1, 1956, was generally
for newspaper workers were 23, 16, 13, and 23.
consistent. It ranged from 8.5 cents for bindery
Scales increased 14 cents or more for about 14
women to 11.4 cents for machine operators in
percent of the workers in each type establishment.
commercial print shops and from 9.3 to 11.6 cents
for stereotypers and pressmen-in-charge, respec
Rate Variations by Type of Work
tively, in newspaper plants.
Wage scales were adjusted upward between
Commercial print shops produce many differ
July 1, 1956, and July 1, 1957, for approximately
ent items in varying quantities; newspaper estab
94 percent of the unionized printing-trades
lishments, on the other hand, are geared to mass
workers in commercial shops and for a similar
production of a single, recurring item at regular
proportion of those engaged in newspaper printing.
intervals. Because of these variations, the com
The proportion of workers benefiting from rate
position of the labor force differs materially in
revisions varied slightly among the individual
each type of printing establishment. A substan
trades. Higher pay scales were reported for at
tial proportion of the employees in commercial
least 9 of every 10 workers in each of the crafts
shops were bindery women, mailers, and press
studied except 2—platen pressmen in book and
assistants and feeders who typically performed
job shops and stereotypers on newspaper work.
routine and less skilled tasks; in newspaper printIn these trades, 7 of every 8 craftsmen had their
ing, however, relatively more journeymen were
scales advanced.
required to meet daily demands. These differ-
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
400
T able 2.
A v e r a g e u n io n h o u r ly w a g e r a te s i n th e p r i n t i n g
tr a d e s , J u l y 1 ,1 9 5 7 , a n d in c r e a s e s i n r a te s , J u l y 1 , 1 9 5 6 , to
J u ly 1 ,1 9 5 7
Trade
Amount of increase,
Average
July 1, 1956, to July 1,
1957
rate per
hour, July 1,
1957
Cents per
Percent
hour
All printing trades..............——...........
$2.92
3.6
10.0
Book and job----- -------------------- ----Bindery women------------- -------Bookbinders__________ _______
Compositors, h an d ........................
Electrotypers....................... - ........
Machine operators.......... ..............
Machine tenders (machinists)----Mailers_____________ _______ Photoengravers_______ _______
Press assistants and feeders-------Pressmen, cylinder................ ........
Pressmen, platen--------------------Stereotypers........................- ..........
Newspaper---------------------------------Daywork........................................
Night work----------------------------Compositors, hand------------------Daywork---------- --------------Nightwork-----------------------Machine operators------------------Daywork_________________
Nightwork---------- ----------Machine tenders (machinists)----Daywork-------------------------Nightwork...............................
Mailers______________________
Daywork_______ _________
Nightwork_______________
Photoengravers----------------------Daywork______________ -Nightwork..............................
Pressmen (journeymen)-----------Daywork_________________
Nightwork---- ------------- . . .
Pressmen-in-charge________ --D ayw ork------------------------Nightwork________________
Stereotypers.................................Daywork_________________
Nightwork------------------------
$2.77
1.64
2.83
3.07
3.30
3.07
3.05
2.45
3.56
2.49
3.04
2.74
3.29
3.20
3.08
3.31
3.22
3.12
3.32
3.24
3.14
3.33
3.24
3.16
3.33
2.88
2.75
2.99
3.51
3.41
3.61
3.23
3.09
3.40
3.51
3.36
3.68
3.19
3.07
3.36
3.7
5.5
3.7
3.7
3. 5
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.2
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.1
3.4
3. 5
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.1
9.9
8.5
10.0
10.9
11.0
11.4
11.0
8.8
11.0
8.8
9.4
10.3
10.8
10.1
10.0
10.3
10.1
10.2
10.1
10.6
10.7
10.6
10.4
10.4
10.4
9.7
9.4
9.9
9.8
10.0
9.7
10.1
9. J
10. 6
11.6
11.3
12.1
9.3
8.6
10.2
ences in the composition of the work force were
reflected in the average rates.
Hourly scales of union workers in the printing
trades on July 1, 1957, averaged $2.77 in com
mercial shops and $3.20 in newspaper establish
ments, as previously indicated. Average rates
for night-shift workers on newspapers were 23
cents higher than for day-shift workers, $3.31 as
compared with $3.08. Because relatively few
workers are normally employed on night-shift
work in book and job shops, information for such
workers was excluded from the survey.
Union hourly rates in effect on July 1, 1957,
varied widely for printing-trades workers. Nego
tiated scales in book and job shops ranged from
$1.15 for bindery women in San Antonio to $4.27
for some pressmen on color work in St. Louis.
Hourly rates of $2.50 to $3 were applicable to 31
percent of the union printing craftsmen in com
mercial establishments. Rates of $3 to $3.50 an
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
hour were reported for 36 percent of these workers,
and of $3.50 or more for 8 percent. Scales of less
than $2 an hour affected 20 percent of the workers.
Such rates prevailed for all of the bindery women,
35 percent of the mailers, and 7 percent of the
press assistants and feeders. Half of the bindery
women had negotiated rates ranging from $1.50
to $1.70, and a fourth had scales of $1.70 to $1.90
an hour. Nearly a fifth of the mailers had scales
of less than $1.70 an hour. All electrotypers and
photoengravers had contract rates of at least
$2.70 an hour. Scales ranged from $3.50 to $3.70
an hour for a third of the electrotypers and an
eighth of the photoengravers, and exceeded $3.70
for two-fifths of the workers in the latter craft.
Individual rates for newspaper work ranged
from $1,975 for day-shift mailers in New Orleans to
$4,267 for compositors setting Hebrew-American
text on the night shift in New York City. Rates
of $2.50 to $3 were stipulated in labor-management
contracts for a third of the dayworkers and for a
ninth of the nightworkers; of $3 to $3.50 for threefifths of the dayworkers and for almost the same
proportion of nightworkers. Whereas only 1 of
every 40 on the day shift had negotiated rates of
$3.50 or more, such scales were specified for 3 of
every 10 on the night shift. Some workers in all
crafts except mailers had scales of at least $3.50
an hour; half of the photoengravers and almost as
many pressmen-in-charge had such scales. Hourly
rates of less than $2.50 were reported for 6 percent
of the mailers and for less than 1 percent of those
in 4 other crafts.
Among the 12 trades studied in book and job
print shops, average union hourly scales on July 1,
1957, were highest ($3.56) for photo engravers and
exceeded $3 for 6 other crafts. The lowest average
($1.64) was recorded by bindery women, the only
trade that had scales averaging less than $2.45 an
hour. In newspaper printing, average scales
ranged from $2.88 for mailers to $3.51 for photo
engravers and pressmen-in-charge. No consist
ent pattern of rate differentials between news
papers and commercial shops was discernible
among important jobs common to both. Scales
for stereotypers and photoengravers in commercial
shops averaged 22 and 15 cents, respectively,
higher than for those on daywork in newspaper
plants. Day-shift scales for hand compositors
averaged 5 cents higher on newspaper work than
on book and job shop work.
401
UNION SCALES IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY
Nightwork scales on newspapers averaged 7.5
percent above daywork scales. Among individual
trades the differential favoring night-shift workers
ranged from 5.4 percent to 10.0 percent. In
terms of cents-per-hour, the differences ranged
from 17 to 32 cents.
City and Regional Variations
Scale increases became effective during the 12
months ending July 1, 1957, for some printingtrades workers in each of the 53 cities surveyed.
The increase in average hourly scales for book and
job printing ranged from 6 to 9 cents in 2 of every
5 cities and from 9 to 12 cents in 1 of every 3; for
newspaper printing, such increments applied in 1 of
every 3 and in 3 of every 10 cities, respectively.4
Average scales rose 12 cents or more for book and
job work in an eighth of the cites and for newspaper
work in a fifth. The advances represented gains
of 2 to 4 percent for both commercial and news
paper printing in about three-fifths of the cities,
and of 4 to 5 percent in nearly a fourth.
When the cities included in the survey were
grouped according to population size, the average
union hourly rate for book and job printing in
the group of cities with 1,000,000 or more popu
lation was $2.99, and in those with 100,000 to
250,000, $2.55. The comparable averages for
newspaper printing were $3.37 and $2.99. For
both types of printing, the averages for the 2
intermediate groups (250,000 to 500,000 and
500.000 to 1,000,000) approximated each other—
$2.67 and $2.62 for commercial work and $3.16
and $3.19 for newspaper work. Average scales
overlapped among cities in the different popula
tion size groups for each type of printing. For
example, in both commercial and newspaper
printing, the average scale for Seattle in the
250.000 to 500,000 group was higher than that
for any of the cities in the next larger size group
i
The city and regional averages presented in this report were designed to
show current levels of rates; they do not measure differences in union scales
among areas. Scales for individual crafts, of course, varied from city to city.
The city and regional averages, however, were influenced not only by differ
ences in rates among cities and regions but also by differences in the propor
tion of organized workers in the various crafts. Thus, a particular craft or
classification may not be organized in some areas or may be organized less
intensively in some areas than in others; and, also, certain types of work were
found in some areas but not in others, or to a greater extent in some areas than
in others. These differences were reflected in the weighting of individual
rates by the number of union members at the rate. Hence, even though rates
for all individual crafts in two areas may be identical, the average for all
crafts combined in each area may differ.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
and it was exceeded by only one of those in the
1,000,000 or more population group.
Regionally, average union hourly scales for all
printing craft workers combined were highest
($3.03) on the Pacific Coast and lowest ($2.73)
in the Southwest and Border States (table 3).
The heavily populated and industrialized Middle
Atlantic and Great Lakes regions were the only
other regions where levels exceeded the national
average of $2.92. Average scales in book and
job shops ranged from $2.41 in the Southwest to
$2.91 in the Pacific region. For newspaper work,
the lowest ($2.90) and highest ($3.30) averages
were in the Southeast and Middle Atlantic regions,
respectively.
Standard Workweek
Straight-time weekly schedules for printingtrades workers decreased slightly during the year.
Standard weekly work schedules on July 1, 1957,
averaged 36.9 hours compared with 37.0 hours on
July 1, 1956, and 37.1 hours on July 1, 1955.
Negotiated weekly schedules for dayworkers aver
aged 37.0 hours in book and job shops and 37.1
hours in newspaper establishments; night-shift
workers on newspapers had an average schedule
of 36.2 hours a week.
The most prevalent straight-time workweek
consisted of 37% hours; this schedule was stipu
lated for slightly more than half of the workers in
both commercial and newspaper plants. WorkT able 3.
A v e r a g e u n io n h o u r ly w a g e r a te s i n th e p r i n t i n g
tr a d e s , b y r e g io n ,1 J u l y 1 , 1 9 5 7
Average union hourly scales in—
Region
All printing Book and job
printing
Newspaper
printing
United States----- ------------------
$2.92
$2.77
$3.20
"Nf^w Pn gland
__ _ __
Middle Atlantic _______■Rorder S ta te s__________ -- Southeast
- _______ ________ Great Pakes
Middle West _ _ __________
Southw est____________ -- M ountain______ _________
Pacific
_______ - ____ -
$2.83
2. 97
2. 73
2.76
2.95
2. 76
2.73
2.90
3.03
$2. 65
2. 81
2. 49
2. 54
2.82
2.56
2.41
2.64
2.91
$3.09
3.30
3.15
2.90
3.24
3.18
2.98
3.09
3.25
i The regions referred to in this study include: New England— Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vexmont;
Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border Síates—
Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West
Virginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Caro
lina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michi
gan Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Mis
souri Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Southwest—Arkansas,
Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Mountain— Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific—California, Nevada,
Oregon, and Washington.
402
weeks of 36% hours were specified for nearly threetenths of the book and job shop workers and for
a fourth of those on newspapers; of 35 hours for
a ninth of the workers in each type shop. Sched
ules of less than 35 hours, although virtually non
existent for printing-trades workers in commercial
shops, were in effect for about 5 percent of those
in newspaper plants. Conversely, workweeks of
more than 37% hours prevailed for approximately
7 percent of the commercial shop workers and for
practically none of the newspaper workers.
In newspaper plants, nightworkers frequently
had shorter workweeks than dayworkers. Sched
ules of 35 hours or less affected about 28 percent
of the workers on the night shift and about 7 per
cent of those on the day shift, and those of 36%
hours prevailed for 32 and 20 percent of the nightand day-shift workers, respectively. Straighttime schedules of 37% hours were specified for 38
percent of the nightworkers and for 71 percent of
the dayworkers.
Insurance and Pension Plans
Negotiated health, insurance, and pension pro
grams in the printing industry have increased in
recent years, although less rapidly than in some
other industries. The rate of development has
undoubtedly been influenced by programs oper
ated by a number of printing-trades unions for
many years which provide members with one or
more types of benefit (old-age, death, sickness,
disability).
A substantially greater proportion of the organ
ized printing-trades workers were included in
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
negotiated health and insurance plans than in
pension programs. On July 1, 1957, approxi
mately two-thirds of the tradesmen were covered
by labor-management contracts providing for
health and insurance programs, and slightly more
than a fourth were affected by agreements con
taining provisions for pension plans.5 Health and
insurance program coverage was more extensive
for workers in commercial print shops than in
newspaper establishments—about seven-tenths as
compared with five-tenths. Pension plan pro
visions were applicable to almost a fourth of the
book and job shop workers and to a third of those
on newspapers.
Of the workers provided health and insurance
protection, approximately 90 percent were covered
by programs financed entirely by employers.
Such plans were incorporated in contracts applicaable to 95 and 82 percent, respectively, of the pro
tected workers in commercial and newspaper
plants. Pension plans financed by employers
affected about four-fifths of the printing-trades
workers covered by negotiated agreements pro
viding for such plans. Included in such programs
were seven-tenths of the covered workers in book
and job shops and nine-tenths of those in news
paper plants.
— J ohn F. L aciskey
Division of Wages and Industrial Relations
* The prevalence of negotiated health, insurance, and pension programs in
the printing industry was first studied by the Bureau in July 1954. Informa
tion for these plans was restricted to those financed entirely or in part by the
employer. Plans financed by workers through union dues or assessments
were excluded. No attem pt was made to secure information on the kind
and extent of benefits provided or on the cost of plans providing such benefits
ABSENCE AND OVERTIME RELATED TO WAGE AND DEPENDENTS
Absence and Overtime in Relation
to Wage and Number of Dependents
E ditor ’s N ote .— The
article which follows was
excerpted from Absence from Work in Relation
to Wage Level and Family Responsibility, by
R. D. Shepherd and J. Walker (in British
Journal of Industrial Medicine, London, Jan
uary 1958, pp. 52-61). The authors are
associated with the Medical Research Council’s
Industrial Psychology Research Group at Lniversity College, London. Titles have been
changed, minor word and style changes have
been made without notation, and ellipsis marks
(indicating unused portions) have been omitted.
The authors’ study was based on an analysis
of absence records and overtime work estimates
for a sample of245 production workers employed
throughout 1952 on 3-shift work in a modern
and highly mechanized British iron and steel
works.1
Absence and Wage Level
The total absence figures show that, apart from
the lowest paid group, both the average number
of absences and shifts lost increase as rate of pay
increases. The relatively high absence of the low
est paid group is due mainly to more absences
without permission and more longer absences with
permission. In general, absence without per
mission varies with wage level, although the
association appears to break down in the highest
and lowest wage groups. For absence with per
mission, there is little relationship although, taken
together, there is slightly more in the three lower
pay groups. For sickness absence, however, there
is an increase, both in shifts lost and number of
absences, with increasing wage level.
Thus, the increase in total shifts lost at higher
wage levels is due chiefly to the increase in re
corded sickness absence while the greater total
number of absences is the result mainly of more
absences without permission.
The association between wage level and sickness
absence is very marked; its explanation, however,
raises a number of problems. For example, does
the association indicate that there is more illness
among men at higher wage levels? To assist the
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
403
discussion of this problem it was decided to tabu
late the medical category for each sickness ab
sence, to calculate the absence for the previous
year, 1951, and to examine the number of absences
of different lengths in each wage group, taking all
absences into account.
In January 1951, there was a widespread in
fluenza epidemic. If equal exposure to infection
is assumed, it is of interest to compare the inci
dence of influenza at higher and lower wage levels.
All but 14 of the men had been employed on the
same occupation throughout 1951. Thus, the
wage groups were reasonably comparable during
that period. On average, there were 7 cases of
influenza per 100 men in 1951 and less than 1 per
100 in 1952. Of the 1951 cases, 75 percent were
in the 3 lower wage groups with the lowest paid
group having most of all. Also the average length
of absence was slightly greater in these groups.
While it is not known how much reliance can be
placed upon the diagnosis, these figures suggest
that men in the lower pay groups were more
susceptible to infection.
The number of absences was mostly too small
to allow any analysis by separate medical catego
ries, but on examination there was nothing to sug
gest that the number of more serious illnesses was
greater in the upper wage groups. In 1951, the
association between sickness absence and wage
i From personnel records, the authors obtained data on number of absences
and number of shifts lost for about 1,000 workers in the main production jobs,
selecting every fourth person for whom records were available. The data
covered sickness absences (certified or uncertified—the latter cases were few),
absences due to injury (also few in number), and absences from all other
causes (with or without permission). The occupations represented in this
sample were then rated for heaviness of work, temperature of workplace, con
tinuity of work, etc., and then the sample was limited to the workers who had
worked continuously during 1952 on 3-shift work. The men were then divided
into 6 groups, according to their normal hourly wage rate throughout 1952,
exclusive of absence or overtime pay. The men in the 6 groups were matched
as nearly as possible by income tax code number (indicating number of
dependents). The pay intervals were arranged to provide approximately
equal numbers in the groups, and the resulting groups were also relatively
homogeneous with respect to the ratings on heaviness of work, etc. Men
without dependents were then excluded from the sample for the analysis of
absence as related to wage levels, because of the small number without de
pendents in the higher pay brackets.
The pay intervals, in shillings, were: 3.4-4.09, 4.1-4.29, 4.3-4.49, 4.5-4.89,
4.9-5.99, and 6.0 and over (1 s. = 14 cents). The difference in average annual
gross earnings received by the highest and lowest paid groups was £300: the
wage rate of the highest paid group was nearly double that of the lowest.
The several mill departments represented in the sample averaged 48 hours
weekly through all but a short interval of the year. Occupations and physical
conditions of work were diverse, with few men employed on any one opera
tion.
There was no paid sick leave plan. The firm had comprehensive medical
service and sickness insurance which paid about £1 ($2.80) a week after 14
days’ absence on account of sickness. At the time of the study, the plant was
having a labor shortage. A 4-percent absence rate at the time was not re
garded as a problem.
404
level was present but was less marked than in 1952.
For the 2-year period as a whole, the time lost
through sickness absence was about three times
greater in the highest as compared with the lowest
paid group.
Further evidence is obtained by taking all
absence and examining the number and relative
frequence of absences of different duration or
length. In most cases, it is difficult to obtain the
true reason for an absence, or indeed any reason
from the absence record, but the length of an ab
sence provides some guide as to its cause, at least
in general terms. For instance, of all single shift
absences, 90 percent were “without permission.”
(This kind of absence accounted for over 70 per
cent of all absences.) The remaining 10 percent
were mostly “with permission.” For absences of
over 3 shifts’ duration, 60 percent were recorded
as due to sickness or injury, 21 percent as with
permission, and only 19 percent as without per
mission. Taking absences of over 7 shifts in
length, 90 percent were recorded as due to sickness
or injury. This suggests that as the length of an
absence increases beyond one shift, there is a
sharply increasing probability that the reason for
it is either sickness (or injury) or one that would be
accepted by management.
The main differences between the middle and
upper wage levels are (i) the number of single
shift absences, (ii) the number of long absences
(10 shifts and over), and (iii) the distribution by
length of absences of 2 to 9 shifts’ duration,
although the total number is approximately the
same.
The distribution of lengths of absences in the
middle and upper wage groups shows that the
two distributions are quite different. The pro
portion of all absences of over 1 shift is much
the same at both wage levels, i. e., 25 and 22
percent, but while the proportion of 2 and 4 to
9 shift absences is greater in the lower paid groups,
there is a greater proportion of 3 and over 9
shift absences in the upper wage groups. These
trends are sustained in the lowest paid group. To
some extent, the changes in trend and distribution
appear to be due to the National Insurance
regulations regarding sickness benefit, but they
also suggest that men at higher wage levels
tend to take a longer absence for any given illness.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
The number of sickness absences in the upper
wage groups is twice as great as in the middle,
and three times greater than in the lower wage
group. These differences are partly associated
with the number of long absences but not with
corresponding differences in the number of ab
sences of medium length, although many absences
in this range are usually due to illness. To clarify
the results, all absences were tabulated by length
and within each length by category, for the three
wage groups. Nearly all absences of over 9
shifts’ duration were recorded as due to sickness
or injury and the remainder as with permission.
For absences of 1 to 3 shifts, there was much
more absence without permission at higher wage
levels and less sickness absence and absence with
permission. The most striking differences, how
ever, were found in the absences of 4 to 9 shifts.
The number of absences of 4 to 9 shifts decreases
with increasing wage levels from 57 to 21, but
the proportion recorded as due to sickness in
creases from 16 percent to 67 percent. Thus
for absences of similar length, men at higher wage
levels brought sickness certificates to work more
often than those at lower pay levels, although it is
difficult to see why this should be so. It may be
noted that most absences of 4 to 9 shifts were
recorded either as sickness or with permission
and that while the absence in one category in
creased, that in the other decreased with wage
level. Since the tendency to report illness, bring
certificates, or seek permission for absence ap
pears to vary with wage level, these results suggest
that in some cases, it may be more instructive
to analyze the total absence in terms of the length
rather than the category of each absence, and
that comparisons of sickness absence figures alone
may prove misleading.
The relatively higher absence of the lowest
paid group is of some interest although the reasons
for it are unknown. This group works more
overtime than any other and there may be some
connection between this and the greater number
of single shift absences. This group has many
more 2-shift absences without permission and
absences of 4 to 9 shifts both with, and without,
permission, and it is these absences which chiefly
account for the greater total shifts lost. In view
of the tendency of the lower paid men not to
ABSENCE AND OVERTIME RELATED TO WAGE AND DEPENDENTS
report illness or bring certificates, it seems prob
able that these absences were mainly due to ill
ness.
To summarize, men at higher wage levels lost
more time through absence both in terms of shifts
lost and number of absences. The greater shifts
lost were mainly due to more long absences (10
shifts and over) in the sickness category while the
greater number of absences was the result of more
single-shift absence without permission. For ab
sences of intermediate length (2 to 9 shifts), there
was no increase with wage level, although their
distribution by length varied, and the proportion
of absences of 4 to 9 shifts recorded as due to sick
ness was greater in the higher wage groups. On
the question of whether men at higher wage levels
experienced more illness, the available evidence
was as follows: they did not have a greater
number of more serious illnesses than those in
lower pay groups; during an influenza epidemic
they appeared least affected; they went absent
more readily and appeared to take longer absences;
lastly, they tended to report and bring evidence of
illness more often.
Absence and Family Responsibilities
Reliable information about marital status and
number and age of children is difficult to obtain.
In this study, note was made of marital status
from the firm’s personnel card, and also of the
man’s income tax code number for the tax year
1952-53.2
The relationship between absence and family
responsibilities is U-shaped. Absence is high for
single men, falls to a minimum for men with two
dependents, and then rises again. This is true for
both pay groups although the level of absence
differs. In general, it will be noted that the
increase in absence at higher wage levels is present
in all code number groups.
2
The code number is only affected by children who are financially depend
ent on the parent; the family, however, may include other children now at
work. A wife’s earnings do not normally affect the husband’s code number.
[E ditor’s N ote.—The code number provides a reasonable index of marital
status and number of dependents, the authors said, if it can be assumed that
the code number has not been “adjusted” in order to compensate for over or
under deduction in the previous year, if the man has no appreciable taxable
private income or special allowances other than those for a wife and dependent
children, and if the m an’s circumstances do not change throughout the
period.]
458901- 58-
-4
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405
The higher absence of men with three or more
dependents is of some interest. Absence with
permission showed much the same relationship
with family responsibilities, except that men with
no dependents had very little absence in this
category. Injuries appeared to follow the same
U-shaped relationship, but their number was too
small to allow any conclusion to be drawn. In
the case of absence without permission, the Ushaped pattern of absence with family responsi
bilities is consistent at both pay levels. Also,
absence is greater at the higher pay level.
Sickness absence also follows the same U-shaped
pattern in the lower pay group but is not quite as
regular in the higher one. When the number of
men having one or more sickness absences in the
year was examined, however, the relationship was
found in both pay groups.
The U-shaped relationship is present in both the
short absences, which are mainly without per
mission, and in the longer absences which are
chiefly due to illness. The largest differences
between groups are found in the number of single,
and over-three shift absences, and the question
arises whether the latter reflect genuine differences
in the incidence and severity of illness.
To ensure that the U-shaped absence pattern
was not due to the age differences between the
groups, a 10-year age group was examined. The
men in this restricted age range were grouped by
their code number and the groups were matched
for wage level. The absence pattern both for
shifts lost and number of absences was main
tained and is, therefore, not due to age.
Overtime Work
No cumulative record of actual hours worked
or of overtime was kept, only the number of hours
paid was recorded. These took into account
special shift and overtime allowances. Thus 1
hour’s work paid at time and a half would be
recorded as 1% paid hours. I t was possible,
however, to estimate the number of overtime paid
hours for each man for a 9-month period and
these were calculated for the men in each of the
original 24 groups which divided the sample by
wage level and family responsibilities. The over
time paid hours cannot be translated into actual
406
hours, but they provide some indication of the
relative amounts of overtime worked.
On 3-shift systems there are few occasions on
which overtime work is possible and it occurred
mainly on rest days or, occasionally, when 2
consecutive shifts were worked. From the records
available, it was impossible to discover whether
opportunity for overtime was similar in different
occupations. At any one wage level, however,
men are mostly on the same range of jobs and
should have equal opportunities for overtime
working. It is, therefore, possible to compare
the overtime of men with different numbers of
dependents who are at the same wage level.
Opportunity may not have been comparable,
however, at different wage levels.
The relation between family responsibilities
and the extent of overtime working depends upon
wage level. At lower wage levels, there is a
considerable increase in overtime working with
increasing family responsibilities. In the higher
pay groups, there is little or no relationship.
The variation in overtime working between
different code number groups is as great as that
between the wage levels. As wage level increases,
the extent of overtime working diminishes; this
trend is sustained in all code number groups. It
seems unlikely that these trends merely reflect
differences in opportunity for overtime but the
possibility remains.
There are two further points of interest.
Although men with over three dependents have
more absence they also work more overtime.
Similarly, the lowest paid group has the highest
overtime figures as well as a higher absence rate.
Thus in these groups, a higher absence rate does
not necessarily indicate a lower overall attendance
rate.8
Discussion
Some possible limitations must be considered.
The results are based on data from one works and
in an industry where there are wide pay differ
entials which are not always closely related to skill
or responsibility. This situation is a favorable one
for investigating the relation between wage level
and absence but the results may not be applicable
to situations where pay and responsibility are
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
closely linked. This qualification should not apply
to the results relating to family responsibilities.
It should also be remembered that the findings
concern men on three-shift work.
Overtime and Family Responsibilities. At lower
pay levels, overtime working increased markedly
in groups with progressively greater family re
sponsibilities ; in the higher pay groups, there was
little or no relationship. One interpretation of this
result is that the higher paid men with dependents,
unlike those with a lower income, felt no need to
supplement their earnings by working overtime.
The result, showing that as wage level increased
the extent of overtime working decreased, must be
treated with caution since opportunity may not
have been comparable. There is no direct evidence
that income tax or tax reliefs affected these results
but they could partly account for the particular
relationships found.
Sickness Absence and Wage Level. The association
between sickness absence and wage level was very
marked and the problem arises whether the greater
absence reflects an increase in illness at higher wage
levels. This raises the general question of the re
lation between illness and absence from work and
between the incidence and severity of illness in a
group and the amount of sickness absence. For
the range of income under investigation, there ap
pear to be no a priori grounds for suspecting a
greater incidence of illness in the higher paid groups
but the possibility cannot be ruled out.
Analysis showed that at lower wage levels some
absences of medium length which were probably
due to illness were either not reported or recorded
as such. In these groups, there were few absences
of 3 shifts but relatively many absences of 4 to 9
shifts and it might be expected that the men would
3
Two characteristics of income tax are relevant here, the authors believed,
saying that (1) As taxable income increases, the rate at which the tax is levied
increases by steps up to the standard rate. Thereafter, the amount of ta r
increases as a simple function of income. Thus, the value of an extra pound
in wages, whether from overtime or other source, decreases as income level
increases. (2) At a low rate of tax, any allowance against taxable income is of
less value than at a higher rate. At lower gross income levels, men with
several dependents derive less benefit from their income-tax allowances.
Thus, for men at the same gross wage level and for the same attendance at
work, the difference in net income between men with 1 and 4 dependents,
respectively, is small at low income levels, but increases rapidly as wage level
increases. Differences in income of similar magnitude appear to affect
overtime working.
ABSENCE AND OVERTIME RELATED TO WAGE AND DEPENDENTS
obtain sickness certificates and avail themselves of
National Insurance benefit. Here it may be noted
that the regulations are such that it is often neces
sary to obtain 2 certificates, or 1 and a note, if the
man is both to claim benefit and bring evidence of
illness. If he belongs to a private sick benefit club,
a third certificate may be required. There was no
paid sick leave scheme in the works, and for short
term absence, there was no great incentive, fi
nancial or otherwise, to bring a certificate. Thus
whether one was brought may depend on many
other factors beyond the scope of this study.
While no definite conclusion can be drawn, it
seems likely that the greater recorded sickness
absence of the highest paid groups was attributable
more to a change in the response to illness than to
any differences in the incidence of illness itself. If
this is correct, the results showing an increase in
absence at higher wage levels are best explained in
terms of (a) a greater tendency to go absent for
any given reason, illness or otherwise, (b) a tend
ency to stay away longer for any given illness, and
(c) differences in the reporting of illness.
If the assumption of equal incidence and se
verity of illness is correct, the question arises
whether the greater total shifts lost at higher wage
levels were in any sense unnecessary. In this
works, absence entailed a complete loss of wages
and it might be argued that the sickness absences
of all men, including the higher paid, were mainly
due to their feeling unfit for work. If this was so,
it may be asked whether the lower paid men were
remaining at, or returning to work when they
were unfit to do so. The results suggesting that
during the influenza epidemic of 1951, men in the
lower wage groups were most affected may have
some bearing on this question.
The results of this study also suggest that com
parison of sickness or other absence rates may be
misleading unless the distribution of wage rates
4
A Study of Absenteeism in a Group of Ten Collieries, by H. M. Vernon
and T. Bedford (in Report of the Industrial Fatigue Research Board, No. 51,
London, 1928); An Analysis of Absence Under a Scheme of Paid Sick Leave,
by R. B. Buzzard and W. J. Shaw (in British Journal of Industrial Medicine,
London, October 1952, pp. 282-295); and Some Effects of Paid Sick Leave on
Sickness Absence, by R. A. Denerley (in British Journal of Industiral Medi
cine, London, October 1952, pp. 275-281).
5The authors cited, also, Why Do Workers Stay Away, by E. William
Noland (in Factory Management and Maintenance, New York, January
1946, pp. 131-132), and Sickness Absence Among Australian Workers, by
M. Whitehead (in Bulletin of Industrial Psychology and Personnel Practice,
Melbourne, Australia, September 1948, pp. 3-18).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
407
and family responsibilities are fairly similar in
the groups compared.
Previous work on the relation between wage
level and absence is limited, although many
authors mention the importance of pay. These
studies 4show that factors other than the incidence
and severity of illness play an important part in
determining the amount of sickness absence
although the latter must clearly have some limiting
effect. The evidence suggests that a man’s
willingness to go absent when ill, or return to work
when on the way to recovery, is to a large extent
a function of his financial circumstances before
and during the absence.
Absence and Family Responsibilities. The ex
tent of a man’s family responsibilities affects his
total absence behavior rather than any particular
category or length of absence.5 In comparing
men with different numbers of dependents, there
are some a priori grounds for suspecting system
atic differences in the amount of illness. Men
with several dependents may experience a greater
degree of stress of various kinds than those with
few dependents. There may also be differences
in the exposure to infection. While great caution
is necessary in interpreting differences in sickness
absence figures, the results are consistent with the
view that differences in family responsibilities
are associated with differences in the incidence
of illness. The underlying factors are complex
and require further studies, probably of an inter
view nature. Among the many variables to be
considered are differences in (i) financial status
and security between groups due, for example,
to income tax reliefs, family allowances, etc.,
or to differences in the number of wage earners
per family unit; (ii) the care the individual re
ceives when ill, which may also be determined
by family composition, and (iii) the leisure habits
and needs of men with differing family responsi
bilities.
Role of Individual Choice. The findings as a whole
suggest that an absence from work may be con
sidered as the result of a choice on the part of
the individual. On most working days of the
year, the question of whether to attend or not
may never arise. In the case of many injuries
408
and more serious illnesses, absence is inevitable,
but these, relative to other absence, are rare
events. The problem of absence from work may
therefore be conceived as that of discovering the
main factors which singly or together determine
whether and when this “choice” situation will
occur and those which determine the outcome.
For example, slight indisposition may be thought
of as an event which precipitates a “choice” sit
uation, while wage level or a paid sick leave
scheme are factors which may partly determine
the outcome. Thus two broad groups of causal
factors may be distinguished: (a) the more imme
diate and often highly specific factors or events
which raise the question of whether to go absent
or not; and (b) the more long-term and general
factors which determine how heavily weighted is
the initial balance towards attendance. The lat
ter implies the concept of an individual absence
threshold, the level being determined by both
personal factors and by the general conditions
of work.6
The specific events underlying an absence are
usually commonplace and correspond most closely
to a “reason” for it. However, events or poten
tial “reasons” of one particular kind, or class,
may occur more often in some groups than others,
e. g., in groups with differing family responsibili
ties; they may also be associated more with some
times of the day 7 or days of the week, than
with others.
One step toward understanding, predicting,
and coping with absence lies in discovering such
associations. Of the more general factors, the
problem is to find the most important in deter
mining how strongly the individual will strive to
maintain full attendance at work. The evidence
in this paper suggests that wage level may be
one such factor. Family responsibilities may also
act in this way but, in addition, it seems likely
that the question of whether to go absent or not
occurs more frequently in some family responsibility
groups than in others.
« E ditor’s N ote.—See also Sickness Absenteeism in the New York Tele
phone Co. (in M onthly Labor Review, July 1955, pp. 799-800).
1 1n this connection, the authors found (1956) that on 3-shift work, threequarters of the single-shift absences without permission occurred on the
morning (6 a. m. to 2 p. m.) shift, and appeared to be associated with the
early start.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Preliminary Estimates of
Work Injuries in 1957
1,930,000 workers were disabled
by on-the-job injuries in the year 1957, accord
ing to preliminary estimates.1 About 14,200 of
these injuries resulted in death. Another 83,800
left the workers with some permanent physical
impairment, ranging from the amputation or
partial loss of use of a finger or toe to complete
inability to engage in any future gainful employ
ment. Each of the remaining 1,832,000 injuries
disabled the workers for 1 full day or more after
the day of injury, but resulted in no permanent
ill effects. On the average, these temporary cases
each disabled the worker for 17 days.
Approximately 40 million man-days of disability
resulted from the 1957 injuries during that year.
This estimate included the full days of disability
for temporary cases and an estimate of the current
loss resulting from the deaths and permanent
impairments. When the future effects of the
deaths and permanent impairments are evaluated 2
and added to the immediate loss, the total ulti
mately attributable to the 1957 injuries will
amount to approximately 174 million man-days3—
equivalent to a year’s full-time employment of
about 560,000 workers.
The 1957 injury total was only slightly below
the estimate of 1,950,000 for 1956 and was the
A pproximately
1 These estimates of work injuries were compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in collaboration with the National Safety Council. They are based
upon all available data from various Federal and State agencies and upon
sample surveys in some industries. Data on the exact distribution of cases
by type of disability are not available for some industries; in these, approxi
mations of the breakdowns of cases have been made for inclusion in the grand
totals, but have not been shown for the individual industries. See footnotes
to table for specific sources and limitations.
A disabling work injury is any injury occurring in the course of, and arising
out of employment which (a) results in death or any degree of permanent
physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured worker unable to perform the
duties of any regularly established job, which is open and available to him
throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any 1 or more days
after the day of injury (including Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns).
The term “ injury” includes occupational disease.
2 Each death and permanent impairment is assigned a standard timecharge, based on the average lost work-life expectancy or lost working effici
ency, as established in the scale presented in the American Standard Method
of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved by the
American Standard Association, 1954.
2 Time losses for temporary disabilities are figured in terms of calendar
days, thus this total does not represent total workdays lost.
409
WORK INJURIES IN 1957
E s t i m a te d n u m b e r o f d is a b lin g w o r k i n j u r i e s , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 1 9 5 3 - 5 7
[Data for 1957 are preliminary; data for earlier years have been revised]
Employees only
All workers 1
Industry division and type of disability
Total disabling injuries----------------------Agriculture 2_______________
Mining 3 ___________________
Contract construction 4______
Manufacturing 5_____________
Transportation 6____________
Public utilities 4____ ________
Trade 4_____________ _____
Finance, service, government, and
miscellaneous industries 6.......
Deaths 7 ________________ ___
Agriculture2_______________
M ining3 . . . _________
Contract construction 4___ . . .
Manufacturing 3 ___ _________
Transportation 6___ _ . . . ___
Public utilities 4____ ________
T rad e4__________________ Finance, service, government, and
miscellaneous industries 6___
Permanent impairments 8 8....... ......
Contract construction 4_______
Manufacturing 5......... ...............Trade 4_ _
_ ____ ____
Temporary-total disabilities 9___ _
Contract construction 4______
Manufacturing 3_____________
Trade 4________ _________
1953
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1957
1956
1955
1954
1,930,000
1,950,000
1,930,000
1,850,000
2,000,000
1,490,000
1, 510,000
1,480,000
1,400,000
1, 539,000
300,000
55,000
218,000
392,000
175,000
16,000
355,000
300,000
55,000
218,000
420,000
175,000
16,000
355,000
310,000
56,000
220,000
418,000
166,000
16,000
350,000
310,000
50,000
200,000
390,000
162.000
18,000
340,000
320,000
61,000
207,000
480,000
181,000
18,000
357,000
58,000
52,000
173,000
382,000
155,000
16,000
275,000
58,000
52,000
173,000
410,000
155,000
16,000
275,000
58,000
53,000
175,000
408,000
146,000
16,000
270,000
58,000
47,000
155,000
380,000
142,000
18,000
260,000
58,000
58,000
162,000
470,000
160,000
18,000
277,000
419,000
14,200
3,500
900
2,600
1,900
1,300
200
1,300
411,000
14,300
3,600
800
2,600
2,000
1,300
200
1,400
394,000
14,200
3,700
800
2,500
2,000
1,300
200
1,400
380,000
14,000
3,800
800
2,400
2,000
1,200
200
1,300
376,000
15,000
3,800
900
2,500
2, 400
1,400
300
1,400
379,000
10,400
1,000
800
2,100
1,800
1,200
200
1,000
371,000
10,400
1,000
700
2,100
1,900
1,200
200
1,100
354,000
10,200
1,000
700
2,000
1,900
1,200
200
1,100
340,000
9,900
1,000
700
1,900
1,900
1,100
200
1,000
336,000
10,900
1,000
80C
2,000
2,300
1,300
300
1,100
2,500
83, 800
6,100
22,800
7,800
1,832,000
209,300
367,300
345,900
2,400
84, 700
6,100
24, 500
7,800
1,851,000
209,300
393, 500
345,800
2,300
81, 800
6,200
23,300
7, 200
1,834,000
211,300
392, 700
341,400
2,300
75,000
5,800
20,400
6,800
1, 761,000
191,800
367, 600
331,900
2,300
83,000
6,100
25,400
7,200
1, 902,000
198,400
452,200
348,400
2,300
67,600
4,600
22, 300
6,000
1,412,000
166,300
357,900
268,000
2,200
68,600
4,600
24,000
6,000
1,431,000
166,300
384,100
267,900
2,100
64,800
4, 700
22,800
5,400
1,405,000
168,300
383,300
263,500
2,100
58,100
4,100
19,900
5,000
1,332,000
149,000
358,200
254,000
2,100
65,000
4,500
24,900
5,400
1,463,100
155, 500
442,800
270,500
1Includes proprietors, self-employed, and unpaid family workers as well as
employees, but excludes domestic service workers.
2The total number of work injuries in agriculture is based on cross-section
surveys by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1947 and 1948, with adjust
ments for changes in employment. These are considered to be minimum
figures; injuries experienced in performing chores are excluded; and there are
some indications of under-reporting.
a Based largely on data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Depart
ment of the Interior.
4 Based on small sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
5Based on comprehensive survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
6 Based on small sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for
certain segments and on data compiled from other sources for other segments
of the industry.
i
Based on sample surveys as indicated in footnotes 2 to 6 and on vital
statistics reports.
s Includes approximately 1,400 to 1,500 permanent-total impairments each
year.
»Includes data for industries not shown separately.
same as for 1955. (See table for revised totals—
1953 to 1956.) It is significant, however, that
injury totals have held at about the same level
since 1945, despite steadily increasing employment.
As a result, there has been a gradual decline in
injury rates, from 39 per thousand workers in
1945 to 31 in 1956 and 1957.
Manufacturing was the only industry division
to show a significant decrease in the volume of
injuries during 1957. Decreases in employment
and hours of work, coupled with a lower incidence
of injuries, resulted in a decrease of about 7 percent
in the volume of injuries from the previous year.
There was a slight increase in the volume of
injuries in the finance, service, government, and
miscellaneous group of industries. However, this
increase was less than the increase in employment,
indicating some net improvement in the injury
rates in these industries.
In other industries, the volume of injuries was
essentially the same as in 1956. In coal mining,
there was a slight decrease in the volume of in
juries, but deaths were more numerous, largely
because of two mine explosions in the Virginia
coal fields during 1957. Injuries in other types of
mining increased slightly with increased employ
ment, offsetting the decline in coal mining and result
ing in no change in the total volume of injuries in
mining. The number of injuries in construction,
public utilities, and trade remained the same in
1957 as in 1956, though there were modest increases
in employment in each of these industry divisions,
indicating a slight improvement in injury rates.
In the transportation industries, both employ
ment and injuries remained about the same in
1957 as in 1956.
—R obert S. B arker and F rances M. Smith
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Division of Industrial Hazards
410
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Text of the AFL-CIO Resolution
on Interunion Raids
E ditor’s N ote.—Following is the text oj the
resolution adopted by the AFL-CIO Executive
Council on February 6, 1958, which was
designed to insure compliance with the A F LCIO no-raiding agreement 1 by all affiliates—
nonsignatories as well as signatories.
T he AFL-CIO no-raiding agreement, when it
was first signed in 1953, provided the basis upon
which the negotiations which resulted in organic
unity between the two branches of the American
labor movement in December 1955 were
conducted.
In the period of its operation, both prior to the
merger and thereafter, it has proved its value as a
method of enforcing a basic minimum principle
governing the relationships between affiliates of
the AFL-CIO.
The basic principle underlying the AFL-CIO
no-raiding agreement was also expressed in the
AFL-CIO constitution in article III, section 4,
which provides that the integrity of each affiliate
of this Federation shall be maintained and
preserved and that each such affiliate shall
respect the established collective bargaining re
lationship of every other affiliate and shall not
raid any such established collective bargaining
relationship.
With the establishment of this principle as a
basic constitutional principle of the AFL-CIO in
December 1955, the no-raiding agreement of 1953
no longer stands as the embodiment of a principle
applicable only to its signatories but represents a
procedural device to enforce a principle applicable
to all AFL-CIO affiliates.
Under the AFL-CIO constitution, the basic
no-raiding principle is applicable to all affiliates.
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Those affiliates signatory to the no-raiding agree
ment have available, to effectuate this principle,
the mechanisms established by the no-raiding
agreement. Other unions, although bound by
the same principle, proceed under the procedures
specified in article III, section 4 of the constitution.
In the view of the Executive Council of the
AFL-CIO, there remains no reason why this
difference in procedures should continue to exist
in enforcing the same basic principles.
In accordance with these views, the Executive
Council resolves :
1. All disputes concerning charges of violation
of the no-raiding principle expressed in article III,
section 4 of the AFL-CIO constitution shall be
processed under the provisions and procedures of
the no-raiding agreement, referred to in article
XVIII of the AFL-CIO constitution, provided
that with respect to such disputes the impartial
umpire shall issue recommendations for settlement
in lieu of decisions or awards.
2. In the event a complaint is filed with the
president by an affiliate alleging that another
affiliate has refused to abide by a decision of the
umpire administering the no-raiding agreement or
the recommendations of the umpire administering
the no-raiding provision of the constitution, the
president of the AFL-CIO shall endeavor, by
consultation with the appropriate officers of both
affiliates, to secure forthwith compliance.
In the event compliance is not obtained, the
president shall promptly report to the Executive
Council. Upon such report being submitted, the
Executive Council shall consider the same, shall
hear the appropriate officers of the affiliates
involved, and shall make such decision as is
necessary to insure compliance with the decision
or recommendation as the case may be.
>For the text of the no-raiding agreement, see M onthly Labor Review,
January 1954, pp. 38-40.
Foreign Labor Briefs*
Organization of
Common-Market Trade Unions
On January 16 and 17, 1958, a new organization 1
to represent labor of the six European commonmarket countries 2 at the European Economic
Community (EEC), the European Atomic Energy
Community (EURATOM), and the European
Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up by
those countries’ affiliates of the International
Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) 3
at a conference in Düsseldorf, Germany. Labor
had been represented in the consultative commit
tee attached to the High Authority of the ECSC 4
since its inception in 1952, but the unions decided
to evolve a central plan which would give them
representation in all three organizations.
In a general resolution, the conference voiced
hope that efforts to create a single headquarters
for the three regional institutions would succeed,
and that its site would be selected with considera
tion to the general European interests rather than
those of any particular country. The conference
also expressed regret that the trade unions’
wishes for representation on the EEC and
EURATOM had not yet been fulfilled. It
further called on the governing bodies of the three
institutions to consider the interests and recom
mendations of trade unions, inasmuch as the deci
sions of the regional organizations will seriously
affect the unions as well as workers.
The new organization’s executive committee
and secretariat were instructed, in another resolu
tion, to maintain close liaison with the adminis
trations of the EEC, EURATOM, and ECSC,
in order to keep them informed on the trade
unions’ attitude toward (a) their activities, (b) the
problems that would arise from the original
treaties, and (c) the probable effects of actions of
the institutions on the living and working condi
tions of labor. In conclusion, the resolution
declared that all free trade unions wish to coop
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
erate as closely as possible with the three institu
tions, and that “A united Europe will not come
into being without the active association of the
free trade union movement, which has always
stood at the head of the struggle for social and
economic progress.”
The new labor organization has a joint secre
tariat, established at the regional institutions’
headquarters. If all three institutions are not
located in the same place, branch offices of the
scretariat may be established. Four subdivisions
of the secretariat are to deal, respectively, with
each of the three institutions plus the advisory
Economic and Social Council of the EEC. There
will also be 3 separate commissions, each to deal
with 1 of the 3 institutions.
In addition to the secretariat and the 3 separate
commissions, the new labor organization is to have
a general assembly which selects an executive com
mittee of 13 members. Of these, 9 will represent
the national trade union federations (2 each for
Germany, France, and Italy and 1 each for the
Benelux countries), plus 1 ICFTU representative
from the European Regional Organization (ERG),
and 1 from each of the 3 commissions.
The executive committee held its first meeting
on January 17 and elected Robert Bothereau of the
Workers Force, France, president, and Willi
Richter of the German Trade Union Federation
and Antoine Krier of the Luxembourg General
Confederation of Labor vice presidents of the
organization.
The general assembly is to consist of 80 mem
bers, of which 68 will represent the national trade
union federations of the 6 countries, 3 will come
from the ICFTU-ERO, and 3 each from the 3
commissions of the organization. Provision is also
made for observers from the various International
Trade Secretariats.
♦Prepared in the Division of Foreign Labor Conditions, Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Based on United States Foreign Service reports and information
from other American and foreign sources except as otherwise indicated.
1 No official name was adopted.
2 Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Ger
many.
3 German Trade Union Federation (DGB), Italian Confederation of
Labor Unions (CISL) and Italian Union of Labor (UIL), French General
Confederation of Labor—Workers’ Force (CGT-FO), Belgian General
Federation of Labor (FGTB), Netherlands Trade Union Federation (NVV),
and the Luxembourg General Confederation of Labor (LAV).
4 Apparently the Committee of 21, which represents the IC F T U unions
at the European Coal and Steel Community in Luxembourg but is entirely
separate from the labor representation in the consultative committee attached
to the High Authority, will be incorporated in the new organization.
411
412
Factors in Labor Peace
in the Netherlands
1957 strike statistics for the Netherlands—
37 strikes involving the loss of 7,200 man-days
of working time, or less than 0.01 percent of the
total time available—represent a new low in the
country’s industrial disturbance. Numerous fac
tors have contributed to the Netherlands’ stabil
ity in labor-management relations during the
entire postwar period. However, the Dutch un
ions’ political power, as well as the Dutch people’s
cooperative spirit, social consciousness, and eco
nomic realism are the factors largely responsible
for the country’s current peace on the labormanagement front.
Current labor-management cooperation had its
origin during the German occupation of World
War II, which strengthened the bonds of solidar
ity among all segments of Dutch society. Rival
trade union leaders drew closer together, as well
as closer to management leaders, and each acquired
a more intimate understanding of the other’s
problems. Mutual cooperation came to be seen
as an essential ingredient of individual as well as
national survival. The Foundation of Labor, a
voluntary labor-management deliberative body,
was born in this period and has been given much
of the credit for maintaining the postwar labor
peace. Its periodic discussion meetings between
representatives of the most important Dutch
management and labor organizations have kept
conflict at a minimum. Unity within the Foun
dation was enhanced by the fact that the three
separate trade union federations were able to
present a united front through their cooperation
in the Council of Trade Unions.1
Labor in the Netherlands has achieved a kind
of proprietary interest, or equity, in the govern
ment and the country as a whole. This has bred
not only a sense of conservatism but has put labor
“on trial” along with the government with which
it is identified. Many prominent labor leaders
hold seats in both chambers of the parliament as
members of the Catholic, Anti-Revolutionary
(Protestant), or Labor Parties, and since 1952,
labor representatives have also been appointed
to cabinet posts. Furthermore, the trade unions
T he
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MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
wield considerable power in Netherlands’ politics
as a result of their close association with and
influence upon the major political parties men
tioned. There are separate labor movements
closely associated with these parties.
Dutch labor relies heavily upon its political
influence to further its economic interests by
means of additional legislation governing condi
tions of work, rather than on direct negotiations
with employers. Conscious of its strength, organ
ized labor has been able to afford acceptance of
government’s pledges and promises of improve
ments in lieu of striking for immediate wage
increases or other concessions. In addition, its
share in the government makes labor more
responsive to official appeals for peaceful negotia
tions instead of strikes that would upset the
frequently precarious economy.
The high degree of social consciousness exhibited
by the Dutch in all walks of life is another major
factor that has reduced the need for the strike
weapon. To a remarkable extent, Dutch labor
and management do not believe in advancing their
particular interests at the possible expense of
other groups or of the general welfare. This
attitude results as much from external pressure of
public opinion as from the basic social responsi
bility of these groups.
Public opinion is much more powerful in the
Netherlands than in most other countries. The
small size of the country, its extremely dense
population, and the extensive influence of religion
on everyday life, all contribute to its strength.
The effectiveness of public opinion is further
enhanced by the fact that press and radio in the
Netherlands reflect political party viewpoints.
As already mentioned, the worker usually belongs
to the trade union that is closely associated with
his party; he listens to the party radio programs
and buys the newspaper which follows his party’s
line of thinking, and therefore is very susceptible
to criticism from these public media.
The considerable sophistication of the average
Dutch citizen in economic matters also has
contributed to the peaceful postwar labor-manage
ment relations. The Dutch, not excepting union
leaders and members, are educated to have a good
* See Council of Trade Union Federations in the Netherlands (in Monthly
Labor Review, February 1958, p. 180).
FOREIGN LABOR BRIEFS
understanding of the economic facts concerning
their country and of the importance of such
matters as “balance of payments” or “competitive
economic position.” If the need should arise for
austerity (as it has in the past), Dutch labor is
prepared for the required sacrifices.
Finally, the fact that membership in a union is
voluntary and withdrawal easy, makes the unions
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413
very vulnerable to the quick loss of members who
find its conduct embarrassing to them as indi
viduals. A default of dues payments is usually
all that is necessary to sever a member’s relations
with his union. This tends to restrain the union
from recklessness. Nevertheless, a somewhat
larger percentage of Dutch than of American
workers belong to unions.
Significant Decisions
in Labor Cases*
Labor Relations
Representation Rights of Noncomplying Unions.
The Supreme Court of the United States held 1
that the National Labor Relations Board cannot
direct an employer to withhold recognition from
an employer-assisted union until it is certified by
the Board, when the union officials have not
complied with the filing requirements of the
National Labor Relations Act, because to do so
would amount to disestablishing completely the
noncomplying union.
In this case, the officials of the union, which was
affiliated with the United Mine Workers, had not
filed non-Communist affidavits with the Board
and certain financial and organizational data with
the Labor Department—both required by the act
as conditions of union eligibility for NLRB certifi
cation as a bargaining representative. In an
NLRB decision, the employer was found to have
committed an unfair labor practice by assisting
the union in organizing, in an attempt to prevent
the organization of its employees by a Teamster
local. The NLRB then directed the employer to
withdraw or withhold recognition from the Mine
Workers union unless and until it received the
Board’s certification as the exclusive representative
of the employees. An appellate court modified2the
NLRB order so that the employer could recognize
the union either upon Board certification or when
the union “shall have been freely chosen” as the
majority representative of the employees “after
all effects of unfair labor practices have been
eliminated.”
The Supreme Court, on appeal, found that past
Board policy had been to prohibit recognition of
an employer-dominated union but merely to with
hold recognition from an employer-assisted union
until it had been certified. The theory of this
distinction, according to the Court, was that a
free choice by employees of an assisted but
414
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
undominated union is a reasonable possibility after
the employer’s unfair labor practices have been
dissipated, while such a choice is not possible in
the case of a dominated union. The Court stated
that the significance of the distinction between the
remedies “is not the formality of certification but
an election, after a lapse of time and under proper
safeguards, by which employees in ‘the privacy
and independence of the voting booth’ . . . may
freely register their choice whether or not they
desire to be represented by the assisted union.”
The Court found that, in the case of a union
which has not complied with the filing require
ments of the act, requiring the formality of Board
certification has the same effect as disestablish
ment. Therefore, the certification requirement
defeats the statutory right of the employees freely
to choose their exclusive bargaining representa
tives. The Court held that, since a noncomplying
union can readily serve the designated purposes of
a collective bargaining representative without
such certification, the Board cannot direct the
withholding of recognition in order to enforce the
filing requirements of the act. It quoted an
alternative remedy suggested in the NLRB brief:
“The Board might conduct an election among
the employees and certify [the union] if it wins
the election provided it is in compliance but other
wise certify only the arithmetical results.”
Because the modifications of the court of appeals
were beyond the permissible limits of judicial
review, the Supreme Court remanded the case for
proceedings consistent with its opinion.
Secondary Boycott Despite Common Ownership. A
United States court of appeals held 3 that a strike
by union employees to force a construction com
pany not to use nonunion products of a lumber
corporation owned by the same individuals was
an illegal secondary boycott under the National
Labor Relations Act.
*Prepared in the U. S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor. The
cases covered in this article represent a selection of the significant decisions
believed to be of special interest. No attem pt has been made to reflect all
recent judicial and administrative developments in the field of labor law or
to indicate the effect of particular decisions in jurisdictions in which contrary
results may be reached based upon local statutory provisions, the existence of
local precedents, or a different approach by the courts to the issue presented.
1 N L R B v. D i s t r i c t 5 0 , U n i t e d M i n e W o r k e r s (U. S. Sup. Ct., Feb. 3, 1958).
3
237 F. 2d 585 (1956); see M onthly Labor Review, December 1956, pp.
1445-1446.
3 R o y & S o n s C o . v. N L R B (C.A. 1, Jan. 27,1958).
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
The corporate stock of the emplojmr construc
tion company was owned by five brothers who also
held all the corporate stock of a lumber company
from which all the millwork requirements of the
construction company were purchased. How
ever, the construction company’s purchases con
stituted less than 5 percent of the lumber com
pany’s annual sales, and less than 22 percent of its
total purchases of building materials of the type
sold by the lumber companj7" were from that
source. The companies maintained separate offi
ces and records, followed separate labor relation
policies, and had no joint employees.
The union employees of the construction com
pany struck because the nonunion products of the
lumber company were being purchased and used
in violation of their existing contract. The
National Labor Relations Board had found 4 that
the construction company was allied with the
lumber company and the latter, consequently,
could not be classified as a neutral employer wholly
unconcerned in the dispute between the union and
the construction compare. Therefore, it held,
no unfair labor practice was committed in viola
tion of sections 8(b)(4)(A) and 8(b)(4)(B) of the
NLRA, which prohibit a strike for the purpose of
(1) forcing an employer not to use the products of
another producer or not to do business with
another person; and (2) forcing another employer
to accept the union as bargaining representative
of his employees unless the union has been certified
as such.
In determining that the companies were allied,
the Board had found that the activities were so
integrated and interdependent as to constitute a
single operational unit under the act, in that the
lumber company was the sole source of supply of
millwork lumber for the construction company—
that is, the companies were engaged in “straight
line operations.” It found, in addition, that the
two companies were commonly owned and con
trolled and consequently were allied corporations.
« United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (J. G. Roy & Sons Co.), 118
NLRB No. 24 (June 24,1957).
* National Union of Marine Cooks and Stewards ( lrwin-Lyons Lumber Co.)
87 NLRB 54 (1949).
« Textile Workers Union v. Bates Manufacturing Co. (U.S.D.C., Maine,
Jan. 29, 1959).
7Association of Westinghouse Salaried Employees v. Westinghouse Electric
Corp., 348 U. S. 437 (1955); see M onthly Labor Review, June 1955, p. 679.
8 In Westinghouse, the wages sought were for 1 day’s work and the collective
bargaining contract involved did not provide that grievances concerning
wages were subject to arbitration.
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415
The court of appeals, in reversing the Board’s
order, held that the evidence did not substantiate
what it determined to be a necessary finding that
the lumber company’s “operations were an abso
lutely essential and integral part of the primary
employer’s enterprise.” In arriving at this con
clusion, the court found that the Board strained
its previous test for “straight line operations”
of an allied employer.5 According to the court,
the transactions in millwork products were such
a small percentage of the total sales and purchases
of both companies that they did not constitute a
unified production effort. The court further held
that potential common control inherent in common
ownership is not enough to make the secondary
employer an “ally” of the primary employer in the
absence of actual common control over labor poli
cies or any other phase of the employer’s business.
It, therefore, remanded the case to the NLRB
for further proceedings consistent with its decision.
Federal Jurisdiction in Wage Recovery Action.
A Federal district court dismissed 6 a union action
which attacked the validity of the arbitrators’
decision and sought enforcement of a provision
in a collective bargaining agreement under which
the employer was allegedly obligated to pay the
workers covered by the contract a cost-of-living
adjustment.
The collective bargaining agreement contained
an escalator clause which provided that certain
cost of living adjustments be paid. The effective
date of this clause was in question. Pursuant to
the arbitration provisions of the contract, the
parties submitted the dispute to an arbitration
board, which determined the issue in favor of the
employer. The employer consequently refused to
pay the increased wages demanded by the union.
The union then filed suit attacking the arbitrators’
decision as in excess of then* jurisdiction.
The court rested its dismissal of the union’s
suit on the Supreme Court doctrine enunciated in
the Westinghouse decision,7which held that Federal
district courts do not have jurisdiction under
section 301 of the National Labor Relations Act
to enforce “uniquely personal” rights of employees
to receive compensation from employment by
interpreting and enforcing collective bargaining
agreements. Maintaining that the specific nature
of the wages due was irrelevant,8 the court re
jected the union’s contention that the present
416
suit was distinguishable and within the holding of
another recent Supreme Court decision 9 which
upheld a union’s right under a collective bargaining
agreement to compel an employer to arbitrate
claims for unpaid wages. According to the court,
the issue in the latter case involved the union’s
right to enforce the contract provisions requiring
that the dispute be submitted to arbitration. The
fact that arbitration had occurred in the present
case illustrated that the union action was based
on the mere refusal of the employer to pay wages,
according to the court. The suit, therefore, was
not one to enforce the arbitration provisions of
the contract.
Damage Award for Peaceful Picketing. The Cal
ifornia Supreme Court upheld 10 an award of
damages accruing to an interstate employer as a
result of peaceful picketing of his establishmentin violation of State law.
A union had picketed an interstate retail dealer
in building materials who refused to sign a contract
which included a union shop provision. The
union was not the collective bargaining representa
tive of the dealer’s employees, who had indicated
that they did not wish to be represented by any
union and preferred to deal with their employer
directly. The picketing, which was not accom
panied by violence, resulted in a substantial loss
of business to the dealer.
The dealer filed a petition requesting the Na
tional Labor Relations Board to resolve the ques
tion of representation. The Board refused to assert
jurisdiction over the dispute because the em
ployer’s business failed to meet the Board’s annual
dollar volume requirements for interstate con
cerns. Concurrently, the employer brought suit in
a State court for injunctive relief and damages,
which were granted and affirmed by the California
Supreme Court.11 On appeal, the United States
Supreme Court remanded the case,12 on the
grounds that no injunctive relief was permissible
as the alleged facts constituted an unfair labor
practice under the National Labor Relations Act
which was within the exclusive jurisdiction of the
National Labor Relations Board. It specifically
did not pass on the question of damages as the
California Supreme Court had applied Federal
instead of State law to decide the suit.
With three justices dissenting, the California
Supreme Court held that the picketing for a union
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
shop by a union which did not represent any em
ployees of the employer violated the State policy
of full freedom for the individual workingman to
designate representatives of his own choosing and
was, in addition, a jurisdictional strike prohibited
by the California Jurisdictional Strike Act. As
injunctive relief was not permissible under the U. S.
Supreme Court remand and the National Labor
Relations Board had refused to exercise jurisdic
tion, the court considered damages as the only
possible remedy under State law.
Relying on the U. S. Supreme Court decision 13
which upheld an award to an employer subject to
the NLRA of damages resulting from picketing
accompanied by violence, the California Supreme
Court concluded that the NLRA did not preclude
it from granting damages for peaceful picketing
which was contrary to State law and which also
allegedly constituted an unfair labor practice under
the Federal act. It further held that the State
policy prohibiting the peaceful picketing of an
interstate employer was valid under another Su
preme Court decision,14which had affirmed a State
court injunction against peaceful picketing of an
intrastate employer, and consequently was not in
violation of the First Amendment to the United
States Constitution.
Union Restriction of Subcontracting. The Federal
Trade Commission dismissed 15 a complaint in
which 3 unions and 3 employer associations were
charged with restricting competition in violation
of the Federal Trade Commission Act through the
terms of a collective bargaining contract which
required, among other things, that the associations
recognize and deal only with contractors who had
agreements with the unions.
The collective bargaining agreement between
the unions and the associations, composed of
jobbers, contractors, and manufacturers, provided
* Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mills, 353 U. S. 448 (1957); see Monthly
Labor Review, August 1957, pp. 976-977.
I
{ J . S. Garmon v. San Diego Building Trades Council (Calif. Sup. C
Jan. 16, 1958).
II J. S. Garmon v. San Diego Building Trades Council, 45 Cal. 2d 657, 291 P.
2d 1 ’(1955); see Monthly Labor Review, March 1956, p. 320.
12San Diego Building Trades Council v. J. S . Garmon, 353 U. S. 26 (1957);
see Monthly Labor Review, M ay 1957, pp. 603-604.
United Construction Workers v. Laburnum Construction Corp., 347 U. S.
656 (1954); see Monthly Labor Review, August 1954, pp. 897-898.
m International Brotherhood of Teamsters, v. Vogt, Inc., 354 U. S. 284 (1957);
see Monthly Labor Review, August 1957, pp. 977-978.
>5 In the Matter of the California Sportswear & Dress Association, Inc. (FTC,
Dec. 27, 1957).
417
DECISIONS IN LABOR CASES
a procedure whereby the jobbers and manufac
turers were required to deal only with contractors
who had agreements with the unions and were
designated and approved by the unions to do con
tracting work, with any changes in designation
status to be approved by the unions. Moreover,
the contractors were to “agree to confine their
work to manufacturers and jobbers who designate
them except when they have no work.” The
agreements further provided that the prices paid
by the manufacturers and jobbers to contractors
must at least cover specified wages or earnings of
the contractors' employees, together with a reason
able amount of overhead. Another provision
required that certain accessories had to be manu
factured or supplied by firms having a contract
with one of the unions. The final provision
restricted acquisition of interest in additional
plants by members of the associations.
Referring to the statutory exemption of the acts
of labor organizations from the antitrust laws,
the Commission held that the fact that collective
agreements impose restrictions on manufacturers
and employers regarding use of contractors and
on employers in other respects does not render
such limiting agreements in themselves unlawful.
The Commission adopted the hearing examiner’s
determination that the legality of the practices
of the parties “turns on a factual determination
of whether the clauses of limitation were adopted
as a result of union demands and for the employees'
primary benefit or whether the restrictive provi
sions resulted, instead, from employer conspiracy
to restrict competition and to raise prices, with
the union aiding and abetting the employer
group.”
The Commission distinguished a Supreme Court
decision16holding unlawful a union-employer com
bination between manufacturers, contractors, and
the union to eliminate all competition and main
tain high noncompetitive prices by restricting
purchases and sales to those firms which had
collective bargaining agreements with the union.
In the present case, the Commission found that
a 1 of the provisions in the contract were initiated
i* Allen Bradley Co. v. Local Union No. S, International Brotherhood of
Electrical Workers, 325 U. S. 797 (1945); see Monthly Labor Review, August
1945, pp. 288-289.
u Hoy C. Yentz v. Heinritz Sheet Metal Works (U. S. D. C., E. D. Wis.,
Oct. 15, 1957). No opinion was filed, and the facts are based on Findings
of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and the Judgment.
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and pressed upon the employer associations by
the unions. There was no evidence that the pro
visions in question looked to price uniformity
among contractors or conferred any price benefit
on the employers. Instead, the evidence tended
to show that different prices for the same prod
ucts were prevalent among contractors. The
activities of the unions in securing these provi
sions were reasonably related to the advancement
of labor well-being because they were designed
(1) to eliminate the possibility of substandard
labor conditions in “runaway” shops—those lo
cated in outlying areas difficult for union polic
ing—and in “outside shops”—in reality, agents
of the manufacturer; and (2) to make the man
ufacturers assume some responsibility for labor
conditions in the subcontractor shops.
Consequently, according to the Commission,
the practices under consideration were “congressionally permitted union activities” and did not
constitute unfair acts or practices or unfair meth
ods of competition in commerce within the meaning
of the Federal Trade Commission Act.
Veterans’ Reemployment
Trade-Employer Liability Under Apprenticeship.
A Federal district court held17 that an employer
is liable for the reemployment of an apprentice
under the veterans' reemployment law, even
though the apprentice was jointly indentured, and
awarded the veteran damages on the basis of its
findings.
The veteran in this case was hired as an appren
tice on June 14, 1950, and was indentured jointly
to a joint apprenticeship committee and the trade
employer. On December 29,1950, he entered mili
tary service. Within 90 days of his release from
service, on December 31, 1954, he applied for
restoration. He was not reemployed, but the
employer helped him to obtain a position, which
began on July 6, 1955, with another employer.
The court ruled that the reemployment obliga
tion nevertheless fell upon the trade employer,
even though the veteran apprentice was jointly
indentured. In awarding damages, representing
loss of wages beginning with the first workday
after the veteran's application, the court rejected
the employer’s contention that he was entitled to
a reasonable time in which to reemploy the vet
eran. The employer's further defense, that he
418
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
relieved himself of liability for damages after the
veteran began working with another employer,
also failed, since the other position paid less until
October 11, 1955, at which time damages for loss
of wages terminated. In addition, on proof that
the refusal to reemploy the veteran caused him
to be ineligible for veterans’ subsistence benefits
which would have come with reinstatement in
his preservice apprenticeship, the resulting loss
was added to the damages.
Conferences and Institutes, May 16 to June 15, 1958
E ditor’s N ote.—As a service to its readers, the Monthly Labor Review
publishes a list of forthcoming conferences and institutes devoted to the broad
field of industrial relations. Institutes and organizations are invited to submit
schedules of such meetings for listing. To be timely enough for publication,
announcements must be received 90 days prior to the date of a conference.
D ate
May 19-23--May 24-25__
May 27-29-.June 2-20___
June 9—11 ^__
June 11-13__
June 12-13__
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Conference a n d spon sor
Orientation Seminar on Workmen’s Compensation— Medical
and Legal Aspects of Controlling Compensation Costs.
Sponsor: American Management Association.
Conference on Labor Leadership in a Free Society. Sponsor:
Institute of Management and Labor, Rutgers University.
Workshop on Training Aids (Advanced). Sponsor: Manage
ment Center, Marquette University.
Conference for Professional Workers on Developing Concepts
in Community Rehabilitation Services. Sponsor: Institute
for the Crippled and Disabled.
Orientation Seminar on Pension, Profit-Sharing, and Deferred
Compensation Plans. Sponsor: American Management
Association.
Orientation Seminar on Establishing and Operating a Sound
Wage and Salary Program. Sponsor: American Manage
ment Association.
Orientation Seminars on Cost Reduction and Personnel Record
Keeping. Sponsor: American Management Association.
Place
New York, N. Y.
New Brunswick, N. J,
Milwaukee, Wis.
New York, N. Y.
Chicago, 111.
Chicago, 111.
New York, N. Y.
Chronology of
Recent Labor Events
of the Tri-State Master Dairy Farmers Guild, establishing
it as Milk Producers Local 69, with headquarters in Mil
ford, Pa. The dairymen, mostly suppliers of milk to the
New York City metropolitan area, joined the Teamsters
in order to strengthen their position in dealing with milk
companies.
February 8
February 3, 1958
T he U. S. Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision
(see Chron. item for Oct. 4, 1956, MLR, Dec. 1956) that
the National Labor Relations Board had no power to
punish an employer for illegally assisting a union by order
ing recognition withheld from the union, which refused to
comply with the Taft-Hartley Act’s filing requirements,
until it received Board certification. The case was
N L R B v. D i s t r i c t 5 0 , U n ite d M i n e W o r k e r s .
(See also
p. 414 of this issue.)
February 5
T he NLRB ruled, in
U n ite d B r o th e r h o o d o f C a r p e n te r s and
that the union, by striking a construc
tion subcontractor to force him to assign his work to its
members rather than his own employees, members of a
coopers’ union, violated the Taft-Hartley Act’s bans on
both jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts. The
Board found that the union actually strove to have the
subcontractor replaced if he refused to satisfy its demand.
The Board further held that the two provisions are not
mutually exclusive in application to the same dispute.
W e n d n a g e l & C o .,
A T extile W'orkers U nion conference on this year’s
contract demands, held in New York and attended by 300
delegates from the Middle Atlantic and New England
States, recommended a 1-year extension of existing con
tracts for 30,000 New England cotton-rayon workers and
gave permission to locals representing 15,000 such workers
in Pennsylvania and New Jersey to seek wage and other
benefit improvements. Negotiators for about 20,000
woolen-worsted employees were advised to seek limited
improvements if economic conditions permitted. (See also
p. 425 of this issue.)
February 9
S ecretary of Labor James P. Mitchell announced the
appointment of Austin T. Foster, of Derby Line, Vt., as
his consultant on international labor matters, including
United States participation in the International Labor
Organization. Mr. Foster retired last year as general
counsel and director of the Socony Mobil Oil Co.
February 10
T he Navy Department announced wage increases averag
ing 9 cents an hour for its more than 31,000 civilian
employees in the Hampton Roads, Va., area. (See also
p. 426 of this issue.)
February 6
February 11
William E. M aloney resigned, on grounds of ill health,
as president of the Operating Engineers, recently investi
gated by the Senate Select Committee on Improper Activi
ties in the Labor or Management Field (see Chron. items
for Feb. 11, below, and for Jan. 22, 1958, MLR, Mar.
1958).
On February 14, the union’s executive board, meeting
in Miami Beach, by an 8-3 vote elected SecretaryTreasurer Joseph J. Delaney to succeed Maloney. The
board also named Hunter P. Wharton, of Washington,
D. C., secretary-treasurer and Paul O. Larson, of St.
Paul, Minn., a vice president. (See also p. 422 of this issue.)
T he AFL-CIO Executive Council wound up its 9-day
meeting in Miami Beach. Among other actions, the
council ratified a procedure for settlement of jurisdictional
disputes between craft and industrial unions in construc
tion work (see Chron. item for July 1, 1957, MLR, Sept.
1957); approved a plan for settling jurisdictional disputes
between affiliates regardless of whether they have signed
the no-raiding agreement; approved investigation of the
Operating Engineers and the Jewelry Workers by the
AFL-CIO Ethical Practices Committee; revoked the
charters of the Michigan State AFL-CIO labor bodies and
chartered a merged organization to be formed at a special
convention (see Chron. item for Feb. 24, p. 420); and
decided for the time being not to charter Teamster locals
wishing to secede from the international or act on mutual
aid pacts between the Teamsters and AFL-CIO affiliates.
(See also p. 421 of this issue.)
T he Maryland General Assembly overrode the Governor’s
veto of a $400 yearly increase in teacher salaries, to come
from higher State contributions to localities. The Assem
bly also rejected a similar veto of a bill imposing a statewide
tax of 3 cents a package on cigarettes to finance the raise.
Both laws will become effective July 1.
February 7
T eamsters Joint Council 53 of Philadelphia issued a
charter to a group of 3,500 dairymen, formerly members
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T he Teamsters and the Bakery and Confectionery
Workers, both recently ousted from the AFL-CIO (see
Chron. item for Dec. 5, 1957, MLR, Feb. 1958), renewed
their jurisdictional and mutual aid agreement of 1955,
including establishment of joint organizing campaigns and
committees and financial and personnel assistance.
419
420
E lections in the New York City Teamsters Joint Council
16 brought victory to John R. O’Rourke, an associate of
James R. Hoffa (see Chron. item for Feb. 12, below) and
a vice president of the international, who became the
council president, and to five of his running mates. (See
also p. 423 of this issue.)
February 12
A n arbitrator ruled that disputed representation rights
for employees in a men’s shirt plant organized by the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers, which was sold to an
employer under contract with the Ladies’ Garment Work
ers and which wras to be partially converted to the pro
duction of women’s wear, should not be finally determined
for 1 year. The unions had previously agreed that
representation would remain with the ACW if men’s
shirts accounted for as much as 40 percent of the first
year’s output under the new owner and, if not, to the
ILGWU. (See also p. 422 of this issue.)
D uring the Teamsters executive board meeting in Miami
Beach, President James R. Hoffa announced that he was
liquidating business interests which were in conflict with
his union duties, and that he had ordered other officials
of the union to do likewise. The move was in compliance
with a recent court order (see Chron. item for Jan. 23,
1958, MLR, Mar. 1958) under which Hoffa had belatedly
assumed office. Other board actions included approval of
the appointment of Einar O. Mohn, who had been replaced
by Harold J. Gibbons as the international’s executive vice
president, to succeed Frank W. Brewster (see Chron. item
for June 26, 1957, MLR, Aug. 1957) as chairman of the
Western Conference of Teamsters. (See also p. 423 of
this issue.)
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
Industrial Organizations in 1949 on grounds of Communist
domination.
T he Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union announced it would
invest $20 million of its welfare and reserve funds in a
nonprofit cooperative $35-million housing project for lowand middle-income families—the ILGWU Houses—to be
developed on a 6-block slum area in Manhattan, New
York City. Additional financing would come from tenantowners (for whom $650 per room is the minimum invest
ment) and banks. (See Chron. item for Sept. 26, 1956,
MLR, Nov. 1956.)
A t ceremonies in New York City, the AFL-CIO gave
the $5,000 Murray-Green Award for 1957 to Dr. Jonas
E. Salk, for developing a vaccine against poliomyelitis.
February 20
A F ederal district judge in Milwaukee, Wis., reversing
a Federal court jury, held that strike benefits were subject
to taxation. The case involved a Sheboygan, Wis.,
member of the United Auto Workers on strike against the
Kohler Co. who had reported the benefits in his income
tax return as a gift.
F ormer Teamster President Dave Beck was sentenced
in the State superior court in Seattle, Wash., to a “maxi
mum of 15 years” in prison for pocketing $1,900 from the
sale of an automobile belonging to the union (see Chron.
item for Dec. 14, 1957, MLR, Feb. 1958). His son,
Dave, Jr., who had been convicted on a similar charge,
was fined $2,000, with further sentencing deferred for 3
years on condition he return the $4,650 he was charged
with stealing, and was ordered to sever all connections with
labor organizations.
February 18
February 24
T hree high officials of the Brotherhood of Carpen
ters—President Maurice A. Hutcheson, Treasurer Frank
M. Chapman, and Vice President O. William Blaier—
were indicted by a Marion County grand jury in Indian
apolis, Ind., on charges of conspiring to bribe and of
bribing Harry Doggett, former State Highway Department
official. (See also p. 423 of this issue.)
A t a special convention in Grand Rapids, Mich., ordered
by the AFL-CIO Executive Council (see Chron. item for
Feb. 11), the Michigan State AFL and CIO organizations
merged into the Michigan State AFL-CIO. A dissident
group of AFL leaders, led by the AFL State body’s presi
dent, George W. Dean, refused to participate in the
merger and to give the funds and assets of the State AFL
to the merged body. (See also p. 421 of this issue.)
T he Utility Workers Union and the Consolidated Edison
Co. of New York, Inc., negotiated a 21-month contract pro
viding a package increase of 38.5 cents an hour for 23,000
employees, subject to ratification by union members.
(See also p. 425 of this issue.)
February 19
T h e Federal district court in Cleveland sentenced 7
persons to 18 months in jail and fined them $2,500 each
for conspiring to falsify non-Communist affidavits filed
with the NLRB by 2 of them—Fred Haug and his wife,
Marie Reed. The two had been, respectively, officials of
the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers and the United
Electrical Workers—unions expelled by the Congress of
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February 26
T he NLRB General Counsel ordered construction em
ployers and building trades unions to abandon, by June
1, their prevalent but illegal closed-shop hiring arrange
ments or face prosecution. (See also p. 422 of this issue.)
February 27
P resident E isenhower, acting under the Railway Labor
Act, created an emergency board to investigate a labor
dispute between the major airlines and the International
Association of Machinists over wages, severance pay, and
health and welfare and other fringe benefits.
Developments in
Industrial Relations*
Union Developments
AFL-CIO Executive Council. The Executive
Council of the American Federation of Labor and
Congress of Industrial Organizations opened its
winter meeting in Miami Beach on February 3.
One of the issues facing the council was at least
temporarily settled when the Building and Con
struction Trades Department and the Industrial
Union Department agreed upon a plan to resolve
jurisdictional disputes.1 Under the agreement,
whose terms were substantially those proposed
last year by AFL-CIO President George Meany,2
the construction unions will do all new plant
construction, and regular maintenance work will
be done by industrial unions. On disputed cases,
provision is made for two-man investigating teams
under the direction of the AFL-CIO, who will
make on-the-site, nonbinding awards of job rights
on the basis of prevailing practice in the plant,
industry, or area. If the investigating team fails
to resolve the dispute, the matter may be referred
to a special AFL-CIO committee, and still further
to the AFL-CIO Executive Council.
The AFL-CIO no-raiding pact was further
implemented on February 6 when the Executive
Council adopted a resolution which established
authority for an impartial umpire to pass on
charges of interunion piracy among all affiliates,
whether or not they have signed the pact.3 The
referee’s decisions will be final and binding in cases
involving signatory unions only, but will take the
form of recommendations in cases involving non
signatories. The Executive Council, however, is
empowered to force compliance by unions that
refuse to agree of their own accord. The same
procedure was also inaugurated to eliminate
boycotts by members of one union against prod
ucts made by members of another, such as that
involved in the long-standing dispute between the
Sheet Metal Workers and the Steelworkers over
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
products of the Burt Manufacturing Co., Akron,
Ohio.4
In other actions, the Executive Council agreed
to put off discussion of proposals to ban mutual
assistance between affiliated unions and the
expelled Teamsters union, and postponed decision
on chartering local truck unions that might want
to leave the Teamsters. Mr. Meany said the
council’s decision was based on the belief that it
was better for certain locals to remain inside the
giant truck drivers’ union in the hope they could
influence the whole union to clean house. In the
case of the ousted Laundry Workers, however, the
council agreed to issue a new international charter
in the laundry industry, following the recent
formation of the Laundry and Cleaning Trades
International Council.5
Mergers and Union Jurisdiction. At a special
convention of the former Michigan State Federa
tion of Labor and the Industrial Union Council,6
held on February 24 in Grand Rapids on order of
the AFL-CIO Executive Council, the two groups
were merged as the Michigan State AFL-CIO.
However, a dissident group of AFL leaders,
primarily from the building trades, declined to
participate in the merger and State Federation
President George W. Dean refused to hand over
the Federation’s funds and assets to the new
organization. In spite of this, Peter McGavin—
special assistant to Mr. Meany, who served as
convention chairman—said he was confident that
many of those who failed to attend would affiliate
with the new group in the near future. The
organization represents about 700,000 of an esti
mated 950,000 eligible members. Mr. Meany
also warned 12 other States in which mergers had
not been completed that they should regard
^Prepared in the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, on the basis of currently available published material.
1 At its December convention, the Building Trades Department passed a
resolution directing the departm ent’s negotiating committee to meet with
representatives of the Industrial Union Department to work out an agree
ment by February 28, 1958. See M onthly Labor Review, February 1958,
p. 191.
8 See M onthly Labor Review, September 1957, p. 1111.
8 Of approximately 105 affiliates to which the machinery would be appli
cable (some affiliates operate in industries where no other union is chartered),
about 80 have signed the pact. The text of the pact appeared in the January
1954 issue of the Monthly Labor Review, pp. 38-40. For the text of the cur
rent resolution, see p. 410 of this issue.
* See Monthly Labor Review, October 1957, p. 1251.
» See M onthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 301.
®On February 4, the AFL-CIO Executive Council had directed its officers
to revoke the charter of both groups and directed that a new unified State
group be chartered. See M onthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 287.
421
422
Michigan as an example of what could happen to
them if they did not merge voluntarily. (Ohio
State AFL and CIO bodies were reported to have
agreed to merge at a convention scheduled for
May 7.)
Later in the month, President Meany issued
a^call to leaders of the New York State AFL and
CIO organizations to meet with him in early
March to discuss unity terms. The combined
membership of AFL-CIO affiliates in New York
State totals over 1 million.
In other matters of union jurisdiction, an
arbitration award provided a novel settlement
between the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and
the International Ladies' Garment Workers. The
dispute involved a plant that had been sold by
a manufacturer under contractual relations with
the ACWA to a manufacturer under contract
with the ILGWU. Originally, the plant had
been used to make men's shirts, but the new
employer planned to use it partly for women's
blouses and underwear and partly for men’s
knitted shirts. The two unions had agreed that
if men's shirts made up 40 percent or more of the
plant’s output, the Clothing Workers would con
tinue to represent the employees and, if not, the
Garment Workers would get the contract, but
local disputes arose over probable production.
Under the award, which postponed final decision
for 1 year, the plant will operate during that time
under the Amalgamated’s jurisdiction until pro
duction schedules are well established, but union
dues are to be held in escrow. Meanwhile, wages
and working conditions are to conform with the
most favorable terms that either union has
negotiated in local agreements.
Building Trades. The building trades unions
were warned that the National Labor Relations
Board would act to eliminate illegal hiring pro
cedures in the construction industry, where
closed-shop contracts are still prevalent despite a
Taft-Hartley Act ban. The Board’s general
counsel, in letters to the Associated General
Contractors of America, Inc., the National
Constructors Association, and the AFL-CIO
Building and Construction Trades Department,
suggested that the parties concerned take “upon
themselves to correct their illegal hiring arrange
ments [not only to] help effectuate the purposes of
the [Taft-Hartley] Act, but [also to enhance] the
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
fundamental rights of employees.” He warned
that both employers and unions would face stiff
monetary penalties for discrimination against
nonmembers of unions if they did not conform to
the law by June 1, 1958.
The Building Trades Department and the
National Constructors Association adopted a
10-point “declaration of principles” designed to
promote the full use of labor saving methods,
materials, and machinery or tools.7 The agree
ment, which resulted from 3 years of joint study,
was lauded by spokesmen for the contractors
group as an “historic contribution” toward
increased efficiency in building operations. Aimed
at eliminating featherbedding and make-work
policies, the code included provisions for an end to
early quitting times, and for peaceful settle
ments of jurisdictional disputes; it also con
demns “slowdowns, forcing of overtime, spreadwork tactics, standby crews, and featherbedding
practices . . .” The agreement will apply to
heavy construction projects, principally oil re
fineries, public utilities, steel mills, and chemical
plants.
Ethical Practices Committee. The AFL-CIO Eth
ical Practices Committee in early February sought
and obtained Executive Council approval to begin
investigations of two unions—the Operating Engi
neers and the Jewelry Workers. In the case of the
Jewelry Workers, the Ethical Practices Committee
voted to investigate charges that the union had
signed “sweetheart” contracts that resulted in the
exploitation of Puerto Rican workers in the New
York City area. The decision regarding the Oper
ating Engineers came soon after hearings before
the U. S. Senate Select Committee on Improper
Activities in the Labor or Management Field had
led to charges of corruption in the union, including
improper use of funds by the international’s presi
dent, William E. Maloney.8 At about the time the
Ethical Practices Committee revealed its plans,
Mr. Maloney announced his resignation as presi
dent, and the president, treasurer, and recording
secretary of local 3 in San Francisco, (which had
received intensive attention during the select com-
7 A similar set of principles was proposed by Department President Richard
J. Gray at its convention in December 1957. See M onthly Labor Review,
February 1958, p. 191.
s See M onthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 301.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
mittee’s hearings) resigned from office.9 Newell J.
Carmen, supervisor of the local since the inter
national put it under receivership last summer,
said that the local would continue its investigation
into charges of improper local union activities.
Joseph J. Delaney—secretary-treasurer of the
international—was subsequently named by the
union’s executive board as president. Mr. De
laney said that top priority would be given to the
correction of abuses made public by the hearings
and that he would call upon the union’s executive
board to consider lifting long-standing trusteeships
of two locals. Dissatisfaction with the selection of
Delaney as international president and of Hunter
P. Wharton as secretary-treasurer, was expressed
in a letter sent by a Minneapolis local to A1 J.
Hayes, chairman of the Ethical Practices Com
mittee. The letter asked for a special convention
to elect new officers.
Other Union Affairs. The executive board of the
expelled Teamsters union also met in Miami Beach
in early February to discuss various issues. During
the meeting, the board reaffirmed its pledge to pro
mote cooperation with the AFL-CIO; Teamster
President James R. Hoffa announced he was liqui
dating some of his business interests in compliance
with a recent court order,10and that he had ordered
Teamster aides to rid themselves of any financial
interests that might conflict with their union
duties. The board also approved the appointment
of Einar O. Mohn to replace Frank Brewster as
chairman of the Western Conference and relieved
former president Dave Beck of his unsalaried job
as chairman of the union’s pension committee.
In New York City, John J. O’Rourke, a Hoffa
ally, won a 5-year term as president of Teamsters
Joint Council 16. (The council is composed of 58
locals in New York City, Long Island, and 7 New
York counties north of the city.) The victory for
O’Rourke and members of his slate represented
a setback for forces that had campaigned to
clean up the union, although one of the opposition
candidates, who ran unopposed, was elected to a
vice presidency. Investigators for the Senate
9 Patrick Clancy, Porter E. Vanderwark, and Clarence Matthews, respec
tively.
10 See M onthly Labor Review, March 1958, p. 300.
11 In September 1957, a Lake County, Ind., grand jury had refused to
indict all four men on similar charges. See M onthly Labor Review, August
and November 1957, pp. 987 and 1383, respectively.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
423
select committee immediately subpenaed the
ballots and other records, in order to scrutinize
them for possible irregularities.
In another development, the independent Inter
national Longshoremen’s Association invited Hoffa
and other top officials of the Teamsters to meet
with the ILA’s executive board at a session in
Miami in late February. Captain William V.
Bradley, head of the ILA, said that although he
didn’t “know what could be worked out,” he
would “like to see some kind of alliance.” In
reply, Harold J. Gibbons, executive vice president
of the Teamsters, said that he would attend the
meeting not “for the purpose of discussing merger
or anything else with them, but only to extend
fraternal greetings.” Speaking before the ILA’s
executive board, Hoffa reaffirmed his continuing
friendship for the dock union, but did not renew
his 1956 offer of a formal working alliance with
the union.
In February, the Teamsters and the ousted
Bakery and Confectionery Workers Union renewed
their mutual assistance pact. Teamster president
Hoffa stated that his union was simply continuing
past practices and pledged “financial and physical”
support to the Bakers “when it comes to a dispute
with an employer or any other group.”
On February 18, Carpenters union President
Maurice A. Hutcheson, Vice President O. William
Blaier, and Treasurer Frank M. Chapman were
indicted b}r a Marion County, Ind., grand jury on
charges of conspiring to commit bribery and
bribing a State official in an Indiana land scandal.
Harry Doggett (a former official of the Indiana
State Highway Department) was indicted for
taking the bribe.11 Conviction on the charges
carries a mandatory prison sentence of 2 to 14
years, with a maximum fine of $10,000.
Congressional Hearings
In appearances before a Senate judiciary sub
committee investigating antitrust and monopoly
activities, officials of the United Automobile
Workers and of major automobile companies
expressed widely different views on automobile
prices.
Walter P. Reuther, president of the UAW,
charged the automobile industry with “monopo
listic” pricing policies and called for the establish
ment of a public “independent office of consumers’
424
counsel” to hold hearings on proposed price in
creases by large corporations.
In reply, Harlow H. Curtice, president of
General Motors, termed the proposal for hearings
“the beginning of the end of the free enterprise
system.” He declared that aggregate increases
in GM automobile prices were less than produc
tion cost increases, and cited figures to show that
“for every dollar of increase in our known cost, the
price has risen only 60 cents.” Mr. Curtice denied
that GM prices were “administered” ; he said
prices in the automobile industry were determined
by the interaction of market demands, competi
tion, and cost.
Theodore O. Yntema, a vice president of the
Ford Motor Co., said that “the only price I know
of in the automobile industry that might be called
‘rigged’ is the price of labor—wages and fringe
benefits rigged by the monopoly power exercised
by Mr. Reuther.” L. L. Colbert, president of
Chrysler Corp., who also appeared before the
subcommittee, said that the automobile industry
from its earliest days had been characterized by
“intense competitiveness.”
On the other hand, George Romney, president
of the American Motors Corp., declared that
“economic power in the automobile industry
should be limited and divided,” and suggested
that the dominant companies be made to split off
part of their operations to form new concerns.
Mr. Romney also urged the control of “union
monopolies” and proposed that the power to
bargain with large firms in any basic industry be
lodged with unions “representing [only] the em
ployees of a single employer.” He further sug
gested that a combination of local unions repre
senting more than 10,000 employees be prohibited
from bargaining with more than one company.
Dispersal of union bargaining power, Mr. Romney
contended, would restore the status at the bar
gaining table of “underdog” employers.
Wages and Collective Bargaining
Announcement by the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics of the January Consumer Price Index of
122.3 (1947-49 = 100) presaged automatic cost-ofliving increases under agreements covering about
1,350,000 workers. Approximately a million—the
majority of them in the automobile and related
industries—were covered by escalator clauses
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under which a 3-cent quarterly adjustment went
into effect. About 200,000 workers in several
farm equipment companies as well as employees
of the Westinghouse Electric Co. and the Bell
Aircraft Corp., were scheduled to receive advances
of 2 cents an hour (1 percent in some cases).
Wages of these latter workers were raised by 1
cent in the previous quarter when the auto work
ers’ wage rates were not changed.
An understanding between top officials of the
Chrysler Corp. and the United Automobile
Workers was worked out in early March to resolve
their dispute over production standards and
layoffs. The company agreed to “try to schedule
40 hours a week.” Adjustments in production
schedules “will entail further layoffs,” but when
the new schedules are determined “the necessary
employees will be recalled.” The union had
claimed that many Chrysler employees were
working only 11 hours a week, whereas if some
were laid off, they would be eligible to collect
State and supplemental unemployment benefits.
Concerning production standards, “the rates at
which employees were producing on January 19,
1958, including improvements . . . since that
date, will be used temporarily as a basis for
resuming operations.” The union agreed to “join
with the company in an . . . effort to work out
adjustments on jobs where the facts demonstrate
the performance [or company standards are] out
of line or on which changes in methods, products,
or processing justify a reexamination.” Both
union and management officials expressed satis
faction with the agreement.
In late February, the Skilled Trades Council of
the United Auto Workers submitted a series of
resolutions to the union’s annual skilled trades
conference. Included among the proposals was a
demand for a minimum wage of $3.25 an hour for
skilled workers, and elimination of pay differen
tials between comparable jobs of automobile
plants and “job shops” doing work for the auto
motive industry. At the skilled trades confer
ence, which met to vote on these resolutions,
delegates rejected the minimum wage recom
mendation but endorsed the other proposals.12
In other wage conferences, representatives of the
International Union of Electrical, Radio and Ma« Under the UAW constitution, skilled tradesmen, office employees, tech
nicians, and engineers have the right to act separately on elements of contract
terms which affect them. See M onthly Labor Review, June 1957, p. 697.
DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
chine Workers met during February to discuss
forthcoming contract negotiations at several com
panies. Delegates to the Radio Corporation of
America conference board adopted proposals
calling for a supplemental unemployment benefit
plan, “cents across-the-board” wage increases,
and improvements in fringe benefits. The board
was to meet again in late March to take a final
vote on all proposals; negotiations with RCA
were scheduled to begin in mid-April. The union’s
General Electric Co. and Westinghouse Corp.
conference boards heard reports on increasing
layoffs in the electrical equipment industry, as
the union prepared to reopen contracts in the fall
of 1958 with the two companies on the issue of
employment security. Included among the con
ference boards’ recommendations were proposals
for a “guaranteed income of 65 percent of gross
pay plus $2 for each dependent, for 52 continuous
weeks of unemployment . .
severence pay
where a worker is permanently displaced; and pro
tection of seniority in plant relocation. At a
Washington meeting of the IUE General Motors
conference board, a series of proposals were
adopted including wage increases based on in
creased productivity, a profit-sharing plan (gen
erally similar to that proposed by the UAW 13),
severance or termination pay for employees
permanently displaced, and improved pension and
health and welfare benefits.
In early February, the United Rubber Workers
served notice on the Goodyear Tire and Rubber
Co. of intention to reopen their pension and in
surance agreement. The union said it was asking
for “substantial improvements” in benefits (in
cluding a demand for a company-paid compre
hensive surgical and obstetrical plan). (Wages
are covered by separate contracts with the “Big
Four” rubber companies, normally negotiated in
the summer.)
Later on in the month, the bargaining policy
committee of the Oil, Chemical and Atomic
Workers announced a program for contract nego
tiations with oil companies this spring. Included
among the proposals were demands for a wage
advance equal to the rise in cost of living since
the previous wage increase plus further raises of
3% percent a year for increased productivity;
greater protection against layoffs; and contracts
u See M onthly Labor Review March 1958, p. 270.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
425
of longer duration—2 or 3 years—with automatic
annual wage adjustments as proposed in the
wage formula.
The offer of the Textile Workers Union of
America, made on February 8, to extend existing
contracts in the basic cotton-rayon industry for
1 year without change, was quickly accepted by
2 leading New England cotton textile firms—•
Bates Manufacturing Co. and Berkshire-Hatha
way, Inc.; approximately 4,400 workers of Bates
and 7,000 of Berkshire-Hathaway were affected.
According to TWUA President William Pollack,
the union offer was made because “we must face
the [economic] facts of life . . .” The extension
of contracts by these two companies was expected
to set the pattern for other northern textile labor
contracts.
On February 18, representatives of the Utility
Workers Union and the Consolidated Edison Co.
of New York, Inc., agreed upon a 17.5-cent-anhour wage increase for all manual and clerical
workers, effective March 2, 1958. Affecting
23,000 employees in the 5 New York City boroughs
and Westchester County, the agreement provided
an additional 5 cents for manual workers effective
November 30, 1958. On the same date, the
company is to set aside $600,000 to be used mostly
for inequity adjustments and raising minimum
rates of pay. Other provisions of the contract
included a fourth week of vacation after 25 years’
service, as well as additional days for those with
10-14 years’ service. The contract is scheduled
to expire on December 1, 1959. (Any new bene
fits under the next contract are to be retroactive to
September 1, 1959.)
Increases of 7 cents an hour went into effect
on February 1 for 6,200 operators and mainte
nance employees of Public Service Coordinated
Transport in New Jersey. The agreement,
negotiated with the Street, Electric Railway and
Motor Coach Employes Union, also provided
for two further 5-cent raises to be effective Feb
ruary 1 and August 1, 1959.
In late January, representatives of the Hotel and
Restaurant Employees Union concluded contract
talks with the Restaurant-Hotel Employers
Council of Southern California for 20,000 workers
in the Los Angeles area. Negotiated under a
reopening clause of a contract expiring in 1960,
wages were scheduled to be increased by 7K percent,
effective March 15, 1958, with additional increases
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
426
for waiters and waitresses on split shifts and for
hotel service employees. The companies also
agreed to an extra 2-cent-an-hour contribution,
effective December 31, 1958, to provide increased
pension benefits and other welfare improvements.
On February 10, the Industrial Relations Office
of the Navy Department announced that more
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than 31,000 civilian employees in the Hampton
Roads, Va., area, would receive wage increases
averaging 9 cents an hour beginning February 24.
Increases consisted of 9 cents an hour for helpers,
tool and pattern makers, and certain other trades,
10 cents for laborers, and 15 cents for maritime
workers excluding pilots.
Union Conventions, May 16 to June 15, 1958
D a te
Union
Place
June 8.......
June 9.......
United Packinghouse Workers of America________
New York, N. Y.
International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Boston, Mass.
Engravers’ Union of North America.
American Flint Glass Workers’ Union____________ Milwaukee, Wis.
American Federation of Musicians_______________
Philadelphia, Pa.
Independent Union of Plant Protection Employees Burlington, Vt.
in the Electrical and Machine Industry (Ind.).
Communications Workers of America_____________ Miami Beach, Fla.
Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union___ Chicago, 111.
May 19___
June 5___
Virginia State AFL-CIO______________
South Dakota State Federation of Labor.
May 19___
May 19__
June 2___
June 2___
June 3___
S t a t e federation]
Virginia Beach
Sioux Falls
Book Reviews
and Notes
E ditor’s N ote.—Listing of a 'publication in this
section is for record and reference only and does
not constitute an endorsement of point of view
or advocacy of use.
Special Reviews
Trade Union leadership—Based on a Study of
Arthur Deakin. By V. L. Allen. Cambridge,
Mass., Harvard University Press, 1957.
336 pp. $6.
Mr. Allen has successfully accomplished an
interesting undertaking: a study of trade union
leadership based on the career of Arthur Deakin,
the late general secretary of the British Trans
port and General Workers’ Union. The story is
worthy of attention by all Americans interested
in the role of the leader in democratic organiza
tions, particularly trade unions. Useful contrasts
and comparisons with the American scene auto
matically come to mind throughout Allen’s dis
cussion of Deakin’s activities, whether in relation
to industrial or political action, unofficial strikes,
amalgamations, or wartime restraints.
It is natural that in a study of this land, which
is not a biography, those of us who knew Deakin
will miss the full flavor of his forthright personal
ity. But the essential picture is conveyed: “His
experiences as a manual worker gave him an
understanding of the reactions and emotions of
the workers he was to represent, and his activities
in the community brought him into close social
contact with them and widened his understand
ing of ordinary people. . . . He did not consider
that at any stage he ceased to be a member of
the working class.”
The author tells how Deakin intelligently han
dled the difficult situation of succeeding such an
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outstanding figure as Ernest Bevin, and of inherit
ing the pattern which Bevin had stamped on the
union. There are sections dealing with trade
union ethics, the anti-Communist struggle, and
the continual search for efficient administration
in an organization which has members in many
different industries.
American readers will, I believe, be specially
interested in those chapters in which Mr. Allen
deals with what he calls, “The natural, though
sometimes uncomfortable allegiance between the
Labor Government and the trade union move
ment.” In this connection, it was Deakin’s pro
found loyalty to the labor movement as a whole
which led him to say, “We are not prepared to
accept the view that all the sense and judgment
rests in the political movement of this country.
. . . We have had experience; we are not mere
theorists.”
Deakin’s role in the international trade union
movement in both the World Federation of Trade
Unions and the International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) is dealt with
briefly but soundly. American delegates to meet
ings will recognize the justice of the description:
“Deakin was an able exponent; he had a good
command of words and a lively imagination.
But he was sometimes goaded into losing his
temper—which he did relatively easily—and occa
sionally he said things which he regretted later.”
I remember one ICFTU Executive Board meet
ing at Brussels, at which Deakin objected (as
was not unusual with the Trades Union Congress
representatives) to the haste being urged by the
American Federation of Labor delegate in deal
ing with one of the perennial problems before
the board. His overimaginative flow of words
led him into the malapropism: “You are rushing
in like angels.” The obvious retort came: “Where
fools fear to tread.”
Mr. Allen has succeeded in conveying to the
reader the lovable personality of Arthur Deakin
in relation to the many facets of his career, and
at the same time has made an important contri
bution to the study of modern trade union
practices.
—M ichael R oss
Director, Department of International Affairs, AFL-CIO
427
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
428
Labor and the New Deal. Edited by Milton
Derber and Edwin Young. Madison, Uni
versity of Wisconsin Press, 1957. 393 pp.,
bibliography. $6.
This symposium is a joint product of labor pro
fessors at the University of Wisconsin and the
Industrial and Labor Relations School, University
of Illinois. The purpose of the project, according
to the editors, is to show the impact of the New
Deal upon present-day labor institutions.
The volume is not a history of labor under the
New Deal. The authors have selected 10 separate
subjects covering significant developments during
the decade of the thirties. The areas covered are
as follows: Growth of unions (Milton Derber),
formation of the Congress of Industrial Organiza
tions (Edwin Young), leftwing influences (Bernard
Karsh and Phillips L. Garman), Wagner Act
(R. W. Fleming), factors affecting labor legisla
tion (Murray Edelman), minimum wage legis
lation (Elizabeth Brandeis), social security (Edwin
E. Witte), management policies (Richard C.
Wilcock), collective bargaining (Doris E. Pullman
and L. Reed Tripp), and a historical perspective
of the period (Selig Perlman). The volume closes
with a rather arbitrarily selected bibliography.
There is considerable divergence in the periods
covered by the 10 contributions. Some of the
authors have traced their subject matter for
decades prior to the start of the New Deal, while
others limit their discussion to events that tran
spired during the 6-year period between 1933 and
1939. There is also substantial duplication of
material in the 10 essays.
Common to the several authors is the claim
that the architects of the New Deal social legisla
tion came from the ranks of government and from
academic circles. The labor movement lacked
technicians and played only a secondary role in
the development of social security legislation.
The American Federation of Labor opposed Fed
eral minimum wage legislation up to 1932 and
took only an inactive part in the passage of the
Fair Labor Standards Act.
The authors are generally sympathetic toward
the objectives of the New Deal. The volume
lacks a critical appraisal of any possible adverse
aspects of growing governmental regulation.
The volume is largely devoted to tracing the
development of the formal aspects of New Deal
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
labor legislation, the quantitative growth of labor
unions, and changes in the content of collective
bargaining agreements. There is little discussion
in the 10 essays dealing with the socioeconomic
forces underlying these developments and their
impact upon laboring people.
—Sar A. L evitan
Library of Congress
Collective Bargaining
By Milton
Derber, W. E. Chalmers, Ross Stagner. ( I n Per
sonnel, American Management Association, New
York, January-February 1958, pp. 19-30. $1.75;
$1.25 to AMA members.)
T h e L a b o r C o n tr a c t: P r o v i s io n a n d P r a c t i c e .
G e ttin g R e s u lts i n 1 9 5 8 L a b o r N e g o tia tio n s .
By Edward C.
Schleh. ( I n Dun’s Review and Modern Industry,
New York, February 1958, pp. 44-45, 103-107.
cents.)
75
C o lle c tiv e B a r g a i n i n g — I n s t i t u t i o n a l a n d S t a t u to r y S e ttin g .
By Mary L. Dooley. ( I n Labor Law Journal, Chi
cago, January 1958, pp. 63-70. $1.)
N u m b e r o f W o r k e r s A f f e c te d b y
C o lle c tiv e A g r e e m e n ts
in
Labor Gazette, Canadian De
partment of Labor, Ottawa, December 1957, pp.
1473-1479. 50 cents; 25 cents in Canada.)
C anada,
1956.
(In
Cooperative Movement
U n io n Y e a r b o o k , 1 9 5 7 .
Madison, Wis., Credit
Union National Association, 1957. 63 pp., bibliog
raphy. Free.
C r e d it
“ S o c ia l C r e d it S o c i e t i e s ” : A F r e n c h E x p e r i m e n t i n A f r i c a .
By Gaston Leduc. ( I n International Labor Review,
Geneva, January 1958, pp. 1-18. 60 cents. Dis
tributed in United States by Washington Branch of
ILO.)
Education and Training
By Eileen A. Blackey.
Washington, U. S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, Social Security Administration, 1957.
182 pp., bibliography. (Bureau of Public Assistance
Report 29.) 55 cents, Superintendent of Docu
ments, Washington.
G r o u p L e a d e r s h ip i n S t a f f T r a i n i n g .
By Irving R.
Weschler, Robert Tannenbaum, John H. Zenger. Los
Angeles, University of California, Institute of Indus
trial Relations, 1957. 24 pp., bibliography. $1, Adult
Education Association of the United States of Amer
ica, Chicago.
Y a r d s t i c k s f o r H u m a n R e la t i o n s T r a i n i n g .
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429
Washington, U. S. Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educa
tion, 1957. 226 pp., bibliography. (Bull. 1957, No.
14.) $1.25, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
E d u c a tio n i n th e U S S R .
T e a c h e r S u p p l y a n d D e m a n d i n C o lle g e s a n d U n iv e r s itie s ,
1 9 5 5 -5 6 a n d 1 9 5 6 -5 7 .
cation Association, 1957.
Washington, National Edu
76 pp. Free.
Metropolitan Area Skill Survey. By Paul
Jessen and others. [Nashville], Tennessee Depart
ment of Employment Security, 1957. 62 pp.
Nashville
Labor-Management Relations
(A day-by-day
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mittee on Improper Activities in the Labor or Man
agement Field, fully indexed and keyed to the official
record of the hearings.) Washington, Bureau of
National Affairs, Inc., 1958. xvi, 508 pp. $7.70.
T h e M c C le lla n C o m m itte e H e a r in g s — 1 9 5 7 .
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Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell University Press, 1957. 144
pp., bibliography. (Studies in International Labor.)
$1.75.
I n d u s tr ia l
R e la t i o n s
in
Canada.
R e la t i o n s i n S o v ie t F a c to r ie s .
By Emily Clark
Brown. ( I n Industrial and Labor Relations Review,
Ithaca, N. Y., January 1958, pp. 183-202. $1.75.)
Labor
Labor Organizations
Personnel Management and Practices
P erso n n el
P an oram a:
I,
By A. D. P. Heeney;
The
C iv il
F ed era l P e rso n n e l A d m in is tr a tio n .
Brown;
III,
S ta te ,
P r o v in c ia l,
(Excerpts of Proceed
ings at 62d Congress of American Industry, Decem
ber 4-6, 1957.) New York, National Association of
Manufacturers, Industrial Relations Division, 1958.
37 pp. 50 cents.
th e E c o n o m y , a n d th e P u b l i c .
U n io n L e a d e r s o f T h e ir O w n C h o o s in g .
By
Clark Kerr. New York, The Fund for the Republic,
1957. 24 pp. Free.
U n io n s a n d
By Henry Mayer.
Labor Law Journal, Chicago, February 1958,
pp. 105-118. $1.)
I n t e r u n io n a n d I n t r a u n i o n R e la tio n s .
(In
E c o n o m ic A n a l y s i s o f L a b o r U n io n P o w e r .
By
Edward H. Chamberlin. Washington, American
Enterprise Association, Inc., 1958. 48 pp. $1.
Canada,
A nnual
1957
R ep o rt
E d itio n .
ment of Labor, 1957.
on
Labor
O r g a n iz a tio n
in
Ottawa, Canadian Depart
120 pp.
T h e H is ta d r u t: T h e G e n e r a l F e d e r a tio n o f J e w is h L a b o r i n
By Margaret L. Plunkett. ( I n Industrial
and Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N. Y., January
1958, pp. 155-182. $1.75.)
I s r a e l.
Manpower
A r e a M a n p o w e r G u id e b o o k : 1 7 4 M e t r o p o l i t a n L a b o r M a r k e t
A r e a s — I n d u s t r i a l C h a r a c te r is tic s , E m p l o y m e n t T r e n d s ,
S u p p ly .
Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, 1958.
xxxiii, 348 pp. (BES R-174.) $1.75, Superintendent
of Documents, Washington.
Labor
458901— 58-------5
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Canada.
By Harvey Dean
and
L ocal
D e v e lo p
By Keith Ocheltree. ( I n Public Personnel
Review, Chicago, January 1958, pp. 5-17. $2.)
m e n ts .
By Solomon Barkin.
New York, Textile Workers Union of America,
Research Department, 1957. 8 pp. (TWUA Re
search Department Publication P-219.) (Reprinted
from IUD Digest, Fall 1957.) Free.
Bankruptcy of Personnel Policy.
S o m e P r i n c i p l e s a n d P r a c tic e s i n
I o r t y - s i x th
of
P e o p le a t W o r k : T h e H u m a n E le m e n t i n M o d e r n B u s in e s s —
S p o t l i g h t o n U n io n A c t i v i t i e s — T h e ir I m p a c t o n I n d i v i d u a l s ,
The
S e r v ic e
I I , S i g n i f i c a n t D e v e lo p m e n ts i n
I n d u s tr ia l H u m a n
New York, American Management Asso
ciation, 1957. 195 pp. (Management Report 1.)
$5.25; $3.50 to AMA members.
R e la tio n s .
S u p e r v i s o r ’s G u id e .
By Waldo
E. Fisher. Pasadena, California Institute of Tech
nology, Industrial Relations Section, 1958. 23 pp
(Bull. 28.) $1.
T h e T a ft-H a r tle y A c t— A
(The record of a sym
posium sponsored jointly by the Graduate School of
Business, Columbia University, and the McKinsey
Foundation for Management Research, 1957.)
Edited by Courtney C. Brown and E. Everett Smith.
New York, Columbia University Press, 1957. 150
pp., bibliography. $2.75.
1 he D ir e c to r L o o k s a t H i s J ob.
By Manley Howe Jones.
Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1957. 485
pp. (Irwin Series in Industrial Engineering and
Management.) $7.20.
Executive Decision Making.
Edited by
Dan H. Fenn, Jr. New York, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., Inc., 1958. 339 pp. $5.
Management in a Rapidly Changing Economy.
Social Security
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Early Prob
lems and Operations of the Disability Provisions. By
Arthur E. Hess. (In Social Security Bulletin, U. S.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Social Security Administration, Washington, Decem
ber 1957, pp. 11-21. 25 cents, Superintendent of
Documents, Washington.)
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
430
W o r ld
S o c ia l S e c u r i t y B e n e f its , 1 9 5 5 - 5 7 . ^ By
Farman. ( I n Bulletin of the International
T ren d s in
Carl H.
Social Security Association, Geneva, October-November 1957, pp. 407-434.)
In d ia .
By V. M. Albuquerque and
K. K. Bhargava. ( I n Bulletin of the International
Social Security Association, Geneva, October-November 1957, pp. 383-406.)
S o c ia l S e c u r i t y i n
Technical and Scientific Personnel
B e tte r I n c e n tiv e s f o r S c i e n t i f i c P e r s o n n e l.
By
Peters and Max Lees. ( I n Personnel,
George A.
American
Management Association, New York, January—Feb
ruary 1958, pp. 59-62. $1.75; $1.25 to AMA mem
bers.)
S h o r ta g e o f H i g h l y Q u a lif ie d E n g in e e r s a n d S c i e n t i s t s .
(In
International Labor Review, Geneva, December
1957, pp. 588-603. 60 cents. Distributed in United
States by Washington Branch of ILO.)
S u m m a r y R e p o r t o f S u rv e y o f A ttitu d e s o f S c ie n tis ts a n d
E n g in e e r s i n G o v e r n m e n t a n d I n d u s t r y .
Washington,
U. S. Committee on Engineers and Scientists for
Federal Government Programs, 1957. 78 pp. 50
cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
S c ie n tific
and
E n g in e e r in g
O c c u p a tio n s
in
th e
C h e m ic a l
By Ruth Rosenwald. Washington, U. S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Se
curity, Office of Program Review and Analysis, 1957.
25 pp. (Industry Manpower Surveys, 84.) Free.
In d u s tr y .
New York, Engi
neers Joint Council, 1957. 15 pp. (Report 108.) $1.
D e m a n d f o r E n g in e e r s , 1 9 5 7 — P a r t I .
By J. L. Reith, Jr. ( I n
Personnel, American Management Association, New
York, January-February 1958, pp. 73-76. $1.75;
$1.25 to AMA members.)
T r a i n i n g E n g in e e r s o n th e J o b .
E n g in e e r in g
C areers in
treal, Engineering
194 pp.
C anada,
Mon
Canada, [1957].
1 9 5 7 —5 8 E d i t i o n .
Institute
of
Vocational Guidance
By J. L.
Glanvelle. New York, World Trade Academy Press,
Inc., [1958?]. 324 pp. 4th ed. $9.50.
M o d e r n V o c a tio n a l T r e n d s H a n d b o o k , 1 9 5 7 —5 8 .
By Ruth Barry
and Beverly Wolf. New York, Columbia University,
Teachers College, Bureau of Publications, 1957. 234
pp. $3.75.
M o d e r n I s s u e s i n G u id a n c e - P e r s o n n e l W o r k .
O c c u p a tio n a l A b s tr a c ts :
K in d e r g a r te n T ea ch er, A ir c r a ft
A s s e m b l y m a n ; B o o k m o b ile L ib r a r i a n ; C e r tif ie d P u b l i c
A c c o u n ta n t; B e a u t i c i a n . Peapack, N. J., Personnel
Services, Inc., 1957. 6 pp. each, bibliographies. (Nos.
202, 205, 206, 207, 208, respectively.) 50 cents each.
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By Henry T. Simmons. Cam
bridge, Mass., Bellman Publishing Co., 1958. 32 pp.,
bibliography. (Vocational and Professional Mono
graphs, 94.) $1.
T h e A ir c r a ft I n d u s tr y .
Wash
ington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1958. 45 pp. (Bull. 1215-31.) 35 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington. (Re
printed from 1957 Occupational Outlook Handbook.)
Other reprints in this series include:
E m p l o y m e n t O u tlo o k i n A g r i c u l t u r a l O c c u p a tio n s .
A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n . . ---------------A i r c r a f t M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------A t o m i c E n e r g y F i e l d ----------------B a n k i n g O c c u p a tio n s ---------------B a r b e r s ----------------------------------B e a u t y O p e r a to r s ______________
B la c k s m ith s ------------------ ---------D e p a r tm e n t S to r e O c c u p a tio n s ---D ie titia n s a n d H o m e E c o n o m is ts . .
E le c tr ic L ig h t a n d P o w e r I n d u s t r y .
E le c tr o n ic T e c h n ic ia n s --------------E le c tr o n ic s M a n u f a c t u r i n g O c c u
p a t i o n s _____________________
F o u n d r y O c c u p a tio n s ---------------H o te l O c c u p a tio n s --------------------I n d u s t r i a l C h e m ic a ls I n d u s t r y —
I n s u r a n c e O c c u p a tio n s -------------I r o n a n d S te e l I n d u s t r y ------------L ib r a r i a n s ------------------------------M a c h i n i n g O c c u p a tio n s ------------M e n ’s T a ilo r e d C lo th in g I n d u s t r y .
M i l l w r i g h t s --------- -------------------P e tr o le u m P r o d u c tio n a n d R e f in
in g O c c u p a tio n s --------------------P l a s t i c P r o d u c ts M a n u f a c t u r i n g __
P r i n t i n g O c c u p a tio n s ---------------R a d i o a n d T e le v is io n B r o a d c a s t
in g O c c u p a tio n s -------------------R a i l r o a d O c c u p a tio n s -------______
R e f r ig e r a tio n a n d A ir - C o n d i ti o n i n g
M e c h a n ic s __________________
R e s ta u r a n t O c c u p a tio n s ------------S e c r e ta r ie s ,
S te n o g r a p h e r s ,
and
T y p i s t s -------------------------------S o c ia l S c ie n c e s ------------------------S t a t i s t i c i a n s ___________________
T e le p h o n e O c c u p a tio n s --------------W e ld e r s a n d O x y g e n C u tte r s -------
P r ic e
(C e n ts )
P ages
B u ll. N o .
1215-13
1215-12
1215-14
1215-16
1215-49
1215-50
1215-51
1215-17
1215-36
1215-18
1215-56
17
12
10
9
3
3
3
12
6
14
6
20
15
15
15
5
5
5
15
10
20
10
1215-19
1215-10
1215-20
1215-21
1215-22
1215-23
1215-41
1215-9
1215-24
1215-62
11
10
11
10
13
12
4
14
10
3
15
15
15
15
15
15
5
20
15
5
1215-25
1215-26
1215-8
14
6
24
20
10
25
1215-27
1215-28
11
24
15
25
1215-63
1215-29
3
9
5
15
1215-45
1215-6
1215-47
1215-30
1215-65
3
13
4
16
5
5
15
5
20
10
Wages and Honrs
O c c u p a tio n a l
( B u ll.
W age
1 2 2 4 -1 ,
S e p te m b e r
S u r v e y : S e a ttle ,
15
1957
p p .,
( B u ll.
20
1 2 2 4 -2 ,
B a ltim o r e , M d . , A u g u s t 1 9 5 7
2 5 c e n ts ) ] D a l l a s ,
W a s h .,
c e n ts ) ]
28
A u gu st
195/
B o s to n ,
M a s s .,
p p .,
c e n ts )]
25
( B u l l . 1 2 2 4 —8 , 2 9 p p . ,
T e x ., O c to b e r 1 9 5 7
( B u ll. 1 2 2 4 - 4 ,
Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1957 and 1958.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, Wash
ington.
1 6 p p . , 2 0 c e n ts ).
W a g e S tr u c tu r e :
W o m e n ’s a n d
M i s s e s ’ C o a ts a n d
S u its ,
F e b r u a r y 1 9 5 7 ( R e p o r t 1 2 2 , 2 6 p p . ) ] F a b r ic a te d S tr u c
Wash
ington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1957 and 1958. Free.
t u r a l S te e l, M a r c h 1 9 5 7 ( R e p o r t 1 2 3 , 3 7 p p . ) .
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
S t u d i e s o f th e E f f e c ts o f th e $ 1
S tr u c tu r e :
M e n ’s
and
431
M in im u m
B o y ’s
S h ir ts
W age— W age
(E x c e p t
W ork
the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1958. 11 pp.
eral Industry Surveys, CMF 318.) Free.
(Min
S h i r t s ) a n d N i g h tw e a r , F e b r u a r y , A p r i l , a n d O c to b er
1956
(R ep o rt
F r e e z in g ,
116,
Raw
110
S u g a r,
p p . ) ; C ig a r s ,
T obacco
C a n n in g
S te m m in g
and
and
R e
d r y in g , 1 9 5 5 - 5 6 ( R e p o rt 1 1 7 , 1 1 6 p p .) ; W o o d e n C on
Washington,
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statis
tics, 1957 and 1958. Free.
ta in e r s , A p r i l 1 9 5 7 ( R e p o r t 1 2 6 , 3 2 p p . ) .
E m p lo y e e
E a r n in g s
in
R e ta i l
T ra d e
in
O c to b e r
1956—
D i s t r i b u t io n o f N o n s u p e r v i s o r y E m p lo y e e s b y A v e r a g e
R e p o r t.
By L.
Samuel E. Cohen, Theodore Golonka.
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
tics, 1957. 100 pp. (Bull. 1220.) 55
intendent of Documents, Washington.
E a r n in g s : S u m m a r y
Earl Lewis,
Washington,
Labor Statis
cents, Super
U n io n P o l i c y T o w a r d M i n i m u m W a g e L e g is la tio n i n P o s t
By Roger L. Bowlby. ( I n Industrial
and Labor Relations Review, Ithaca, N. Y., October
1957, pp. 72-84. $1.75.)
w a r B r ita in .
By Jeanette G.
Siegel. ( I n Employment and Earnings, U. S. De
partment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, January 1958, pp. iii-ix. 40 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
C h an ges in P la n t H o u rs , [ M a y 1 9 5 3 -5 7 ].
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I n d u s tr ie s , 1 9 5 5 -5 6 .
Washington, U. S. Department
of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1957. 44 pp.
(Mineral Industry Surveys, HSS 460.) Free.
Y o r k S ta te I n d u s t r i e s , 1 9 5 6 .
New
York, State Department of Labor, Division of
Research and Statistics, 1957. 80 pp. (Publication
B-99.)
I n j u r y R a te s i n N e w
Miscellaneous
By John A. Patton and
C. L. Littlefield. Homewood, 111., Richard D. Irwin,
Inc., 1957. 367 pp. Rev. ed. $7.80.
J o b E v a lu a tio n — T e x t a n d C a s e s .
By Laura H. Spatz. Wash
ington, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, November 1957. 182 pp. (Bull. 1226.)
$1, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
P r o d u c tiv ity : A B i b l i o g r a p h y .
C o u n ty a n d C i t y D a t a B o o k , 1 9 5 6 . A
S t a t i s t i c a l A b s tr a c t
Washington, U. S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1957. $4.50,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
S u p p le m e n t.
a s a S c ie n c e .
By Andreas G. Papandreau.
New York, J. B. Lippincott Co., 1958. 148 pp. $3.50.
E c o n o m ic s
Women Workers
By
Sylva S. Beyer. Washington, U. S. Department of
Labor, Women’s Bureau, 1957. 46 pp. 30 cents,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington.
S p o tlig h t on
W o m en in
th e
U n i t e d S ta te s , 1 9 5 6 - 5 7 .
By Roy F. Harrod. Chicago,
University of Chicago Press, 1958. 186 pp. Rev.
ed. (Cambridge Economic Handbook.) $2.25.
I n t e r n a t i o n a l E c o n o m ic s .
F lu c tu a tio n s ,
E m p l o y m e n t O p p o r tu n i t i e s f o r
W o m e n a s S e c r e ta r ie s ,
S te n o g r a p h e r s , T y p i s t s , a n d a s O ffic e -M a c h in e O p e r a to r s
By Mildred S. Barber and Nora R.
Tucker. Washington, U. S. Department of Labor,
Women’s Bureau, 1957. 30 pp., bibliography. (Bull.
263.) 20 cents, Superintendent of Documents,
Washington.
G r o w th , a n d F o r e c a s tin g :
T h e P r in c ip le s o f
By Sherman J.
Maisel. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1957.
552 pp. $7.50.
D y n a m ic
B u s in e s s
E c o n o m ic s .
a n d C a s h ie r s .
o f C o n su m e r A ttitu d e s o n P u rc h a se s.
By Eva
Mueller. ( I n American Economic Review, Menasha,
Wis., December 1957, pp. 946-965. $1.50.)
E ff e c ts
Labor
By Verna E. Griffin. ( I n
Occupational Outlook, U. S. Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 1958, pp. 32-35.
30 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.)
W om en
in
L egal
W ork.
F orce:
C o n c e p ts ,
M e a s u r e m e n t,
and
U s e o f D a ta .
By Joseph Scherer. ( I n Journal of Business, Uni
versity of Chicago, School of Business, January 1958,
pp. 38-62. $2.25.)
R e p o r ts o n th e P r o d u c tiv e U s e s o f N u c le a r E n e r g y : S u m m a r y
By B. Von
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Md., Winter 1957, pp. 439-452, bibliography. $2.50.)
P s y c h o lo g ic a l A s p e c t s o f W o m e n i n I n d u s t r y .
Work Injuries
of
F in d in g s — P o lic y
fo r
th e
F u tu r e .
F in a n c in g o f H o u s in g a n d C o m m u n i t y I m p r o v e m e n t P r o
New York, United Nations, Department of
Economics and Social Affairs, 1957. 61 pp. (Sales
No., 1957, IV. 1.) 60 cents.
g ra m s.
By Elizabeth J. Reid and
Washington, U. S. Department of
C o a l-M in e F a ta litie s in 1 9 5 7 .
Nina L. Jones.
S u g g e s tio n s
Washington, National Planning Association, 1957.
ix, 61 pp. $1.50.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Current Labor Statistics
CONTENTS
A.—Employment and Payrolls
434 Table A -l.
435 Table A-2.
439 Table A-3.
Table A-4.
442 Table A-5.
442 Table A-6.
Table A-7.
443 Table A-8.
444 Table A-9.
Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours
worked, and sex
Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry
Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries
Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in
manufacturing
Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel
Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected States 1
Employees in manufacturing industries, by State 1
Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of
unemployment compensation for Federal employees, by geographic
division and State
Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, se
lected operations
Labor Turnover
445 Table B -l. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
446 Table B-2. Labor turnover rates in selected industries
C.—Earnings and Hours
448 Table C -l.
464 Table C-2.
464 Table C—3.
465 Table 0-4.
466 Table C-5.
Table C-6.
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory
employees
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, o, production
workers in manufacturing industries, in current and 1947-49
dollars
Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construc
tion activity
.
Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of produc
tion workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing
industries for selected States ano areas
i This table is included in the March, June, September, and December issues of the Review.
432
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
433
CURRENT LABOR STATISTICS
CONTENTS—Continued
D.—Consumer and Wholesale Prices
467 Table D -l.
468 Table D-2.
468 Table D-3.
469 Table D-4.
470
471
472
473
475
475
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
D-5.
D-6.
D-7.
D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
Consumer Price Index—United States city average: All items and
major groups of items
Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Food, housing,
apparel, transportation, and their subgroups
Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Special groups of
items
Consumer Price Index—United States city average: Retail prices
and indexes of selected foods
Consumer Price Index—All items indexes for selected dates, by city
Consumer Price Index—Food and its subgroups, by city
Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities
Indexes of wholesale prices, by economic sectors
Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
E.—Work Stoppages
476 Table E -l.
Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes
F.—Building and Construction
477 Table F -l.
478 Table F-2.
479 Table F-3.
479 Table F-4.
480 Table F-5.
481 Table F-6.
Expenditures for new construction
Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of
construction
Building permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership,
class of construction, and type of building
Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and
geographic region
Building permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetro
politan location and State
Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by owner
ship and location, and construction cost
G.—Work Injuries
482 Table G -l. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries 2
* This table is included in the January, April, July, and October issues of the Review.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
434
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
A.—Employment and Payrolls
Table A -l. Estimated total labor force classified by employment status, hours worked, and sex
[In thousands]
Estimated number of persons 14 years of age and over *
Employment status
1958
Feb.
Jan.
1957»
Dec.
Nov.*
Oct.
Sept,
Aug.
July
Annual average
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Total, both sexes
Total labor force.
69,804 69,379 70, 458 70,790 71,299 71,044 71,833 73,051 72,661 70, 714 69, 771 69, 562 69,128
66, 732 67, 770 68, 061 68, 513 68. 225 68, 994 70, 228 69, 842 67, 893 66, 951 66, 746 66, 311
4,494 3,374 3, 188 2,508 2, 552 2, 609 3, 007 3, 337 2, 715 2,690 2, 882 3, 121
2,007 1, 593 1, 724 1,272 1, 438 1, 386 1, 582 2, 028 1, 398 1,251 1, 167 1, 335
1,187
699
857
538
506
448
731
620
520
507
684
883
435
297
175
240
201
210
247
132
224
161
368
288
556
380
280
268
263
234
238
261
439
377
410
390
309
246
243
255
193
232
260
247
260
267
253
227
62,238 64,396 64, 873 66,005 65, 674 66, 385 67, 221 66, 504 65, 178 64,261 63, 865 63, 190
57,240 59,012 59, 057 59,168 59, 156 59, 562 59, 449 58, 970 58, 519 58, 506 rs. 431 57, 996
44, 764 46, 579 42, 170 47,051 47, 652 45, 992 44, 272 46, 988 47, 116 47, 230 46, 989 46, 183
7,317 7,343 11, 558 6, 784 6, 207 5, 637 5, 969 6, 241 6, 576 6,671 6, 699 7, 134
3,147 3,188 3, 090 2,934 2, 664 2, 110 2, 345 2, 498 2, 942 2, 920 3, 065 2, 894
2,007 1,901 2, 239 2,399 2, 632 5, 823 6, 863 3, 243 1, 886 1,684 1, 678 1, 787
4,998 5,385 5, 817 6,837 6. 518 6, 823 7, 772 7, 534 6, 659 5, 755 5, 434 5, 195
2,896 3, 266 3, 586 4,893 4, 318 4, 918 5, 742 5, 402 4, 616 3,851 3, 492 3, 254
1,303 1,301 1, 427 1,383 1, 633 1, 364 1, 514 1, 622 1, 523 1,411 1, 352 1, 264
510
557
548
390
421
317
366
396
351
356
364
454
289
260
256
172
224
146
150
115
137
170
225
222
Civilian labor force................................. 67,160
Unemployment................................... 5,173
Unemployed 4 weeks or less____ 1,946
Unemployed 5-10 weeks _____ 1,517
Unemployed 11-14 weeks.............
562
Unemployed 15-26 weeks .........
795
Unemployed over 26 weeks. ___
353
Employment........................................ 61,988
Nonagricultural ........................... 57,158
Worked 35 hours or more___ 43,213
Worked 15-34 h o u rs_______ 8,218
Worked 1-14 hours________ 3,252
With a job but not at work A 2,476
A gricultural................................ 4, 830
Worked 35 hours or more___ 2,551
Worked 15-34 hours_______ 1,265
Worked 1-14 hours________
667
With a job but not at work A 346
70, 746
70,387
67,946
2,936
1, 485
'650
240
321
239
65,011
58, 789
46, 238
6,953
2,777
2 ,821
6,222
4,198
i; 413
'416
196
67, 530
2, 551
1, 214
594
211
301
232
64, 979
58, 394
46, 062
6, 715
2, 648
2, 969
6, 585
4, 577
1, 399
416
192
Males
Total labor force...................................... 47,944 47,801 48,096 18,286 48,503 48,620 49,745 50,307 50,160
Civilian labor force.................. ............... 45,332 45,186 45,440 45, 589 45,751 45, 835 46,940 47, 517 47,375
Unemployment__________________ 3,632 3,141 2,392 2,041 1, 594 1, 565 1, 596 1, 803 2,054
Employment____________________ 41, 700 42,045 43, 047 43,548 44,156 44, 270 45, 344 45, 713 45,321
Nonagricultural______________ 37,429 37,646 38, 413 38, 713 38, 865 39,155 39,953 39, 738 39,647
Worked 35 hours or more___ 29,833 31,093 32, 096 29, 402 32,773 33, 371 32,992 31, 823 33,713
Worked 15-34 hours_______ 4,326 3,788 3, 680 6,471 3.317 2,992 2, 711 2, 891 2,984
Worked 1-14 hours________ 1,494 1,437 1,375 1,381 1,240 1,162
950 1,010 1,096
With a job but not at work A 1, 776 1,325 1,262 1,458 1,534 1,630 3,299 4,015 1,854
Agricultural. .............................. . 4,271 4,399 4,634 4,834 5,292 5,115 5,391 5, 975 5,674
Worked 35 hours or more___ 2,393 2, 740 3,075 3,264 4, 111 3, 779 4, 221 4,862 4j 499
Worked 15-34 hours_______
971
976
876
952
925
741
758
754
820
Worked 1-14 hours................
411
586
444
393
270
282
231
238
260
With a job but not at work A 321
271
239
226
153
198
121
128
96
48,657 48, 214 48,006 47, 692
48,649
48, 579
45,870
1, 665
44, 205
38, 982
33, 251
3,165
1,309
1,257
5,222
4, 006
815
249
152
45,882
1,893
43, 989
38, 952
32, 546
3,461
1,197
1,748
5,037
3,713
842
309
171
45,756
1,608
44,148
38,870
32, 636
3, 388
1,135
1,810
5, 278
3,993
806
308
171
22,745 22,500 22,056 21, 656 21, 557 21,436
22,097
21,808
1,203 1,283 1,050
882
932 1,026
21, 508 21,183 20, 974 20,641 20,592 20, 377
19, 711 19,323 19, 537 19, 758 19, 796 19, 665
12, 449 13,275 13, 865 14,203 13, 943 13, 745
3,078 3,257 3,411 3,322 3,439 3, 710
1,335 1,402 1,632 1,672 1,847 1, 666
2,849 1,389
562
628
667
544
1, 797 1,860 1,437
883
796
712
879
902
609
291
213
178
760
802
499
708
496
398
129
137
101
74
56
100
29
19
18
19
31
36
22,054
1,043
21,021
19,837
13,692
3, 491
1,580
1,073
1,184
482
571
107
25
21,774
943
20,831
19,524
13, 528
3,327
1, 513
1,158
1,307
585
594
108
21
45, 428
1,809
43,620
38, 747
33,027
3,350
1,248
1,122
4,872
3, 560
912
282
118
45,223
1,950
43, 273
38, 635
33,046
3,260
1, 218
1, 111
4,638
3, 279
856
309
194
Pb
44, 908
2,095
42, 813
38,331
32,439
3,424
1,228
1,240
4, 482
3,076
867
354
185
Females
Total labor force...................................... 21,861 21, 578 22,362 22, 506 22,796 22,424 22,088
Civilian labor force________________ 21,829 21,546 22,330 22, 473 22 763 22 3QO
Unemployment-................................... 1, 541 1,353
’ 981 1,147
914
'986 1,013
E m p lo y m en t...___ _________ ____ 20,288 20,193 21,349 21,326 21,849 21, 404 21,041
Nonagricultural______________ 19, 729 19, 594 20, 598 20,343 20,303 20, 001 19,609
Worked 35 hours or more___ 13,380 13,672 14, 483 12, 768 14,278 14, 281 12,999
Worked 15-34 hours________ 3, 892 3,530 3, 663 5,086 3,467 3, 215 2,926
Worked 1-14 hours..... ........... 1, 759 1, 711 1,813 1,709 1,694 1,502 1,159
With a job but not at work A
700
681
639
780
864 1,002 2, 524
Agricultural_________________
559
599
751
982 1,546 1, 403 1,433
Worked 35 hours or more___
159
156
191
322
782
539
697
Worked 15-34 hours_______
294
327
425
476
625
708
623
Worked 1-14 hours................
81
99
113
155
120
139
86
With a job but not at work A
25
18
22
30
19
17
26
1 Estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of households
and are subject to sampling variability. Data relate to the calendar week
ending nearest the 15th day of the month. The employed total includes all
wage and salary workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid workers in
family-operated enterprises. Persons in institutions are not included.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
otals.
* Beginning with January 1957, two groups numbering between 200,000 and
300,000 which were formerly classified as employed (under “with a job but
not at work”) were assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unem
ployed. For a full explanation, see Monthly Report on the Labor Force,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
February 1957 (Current Population Reports, Labor Force, Series P-57,
No. 176).
* Survey week contained legal holiday.
1 Includes persons who had a job or business but who did not work during
the survey week because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor dispute.
Prior to January 1957, also included were persons on layoff with definite
instructions to return to work within 30 days of layoff and persons who had
new jobs to which they were scheduled to report within 30 days. Most of
the persons in these groups have, since that time, been classified as
unemployed.
S otjbce : U . S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
435
A : EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Industry
Feb.2 Jan.2
Total employees......... ................................
Dee.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
50,314 50,987 53,084 52,789 53,043 53,152 52,891 52,605 52,881 52, 482 52,270 51,919 51,704 52,543 51,878
793
96.6
Mining_____________________ - _____
Metal___________________________
Iron...................................................... .
Copper_____ ___ _______________
Lead and zinc........................................
Anthracite________________________
Bituminous-coal............... ..................... .
225.1
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas pro
duction__________________ ___ _
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services)-------------Nonmetallic mining and quarrying.........
108.2
Contract construction_________________
Nonbuilding construction___ ________
Highway and street_____ _____ ___
Other nonbullding construction_____
Building construction___ ___________
General contractors__________ ____
Special-trade contractors___ ____ ....
Plumbing and heating.......................
Painting and decorating__________
Electrical w ork............. .................
Other special-trade contractors..........
2,391
807
100.6
33.2
30.0
15.0
825
103.3
35.4
30.2
15.2
829
104.5
36.9
30.3
14.7
837
105.7
38.1
30.3
14.9
853
110.1
39. 6
32.0
15.4
862
112.2
40.1
32.8
15.9
857
113.4
39.3
33.4
16.8
858
112.4
38. S
33.4
17.5
835
111.9
38.2
33.0
17.4
833
110.8
36.1
33.5
18.2
831
110.2
34.8
33.9
18.3
833
110.2
34.9
33.7
18.3
840
109.7
37.4
32.5
16.7
816
108.3
34.6
33.3
17.4
23.4
230.3
26.1
234.2
24.1
235.5
27.3
237.3
28.4
237.0
27.2
237.9
31.0
231.3
30.6
241.9
26.6
238.7
28.5
239.0
30.4
240.1
30.8
242.9
2S.3
238.1
29.7
230.8
330.8
341.4
345.1
346.0
346.8
356.3
363.1
362.0
354.8
340.0
339.8
338.8
338.7
346.7
205.7
206.4
205.2
206.8
213.3
217.6
217.6
212.0
203.6
204.0
202.3
201.8
207.2
196.4
111.3
115.8
118.7
120.1
121.2
121.3
119.2
118.7
118.2
115.3
111.8
110.0
116.8
116.2
2,610 2,850 3,059 3,224 3,285 3,305 3,275 3,232 3.082 2,906 2,756 2,673 3,025 2,993
496
514
572
631
606
738
714
663
574
715
728
501
652
730
184.8 223.5 275.0 320.2 333.8 340.4 331.0 321. 5 296.2 237.3 199.9 184.9 271.1 263.3
316.6 350.0 376.5 395.0 396.4 397.4 397.4 392.0 366.8 334.7 314.1 310.6 360.1 342.6
2,109 2, 276 2, 407 2,509 2, 555 2, 567 2,547 2,518 2,419 2, 334 2,242 2,177 2, 394 2,387
808.8 873.9 936.3 980.3 1, 009. 6 1,030.2 1,039.8 1,005. 5 977.5 944.6 898.7 878.2 955.1 995.1
1,300. 2 1,401. 9 1,470. 8 1, 528. 2 1, 545. 4 1,537.0 1, 507.1 1,512.5 1,441.1 1,389. 5 1,343. 3 1, 298. 5 1, 439.0 1,391.8
319.3 331.6 338.7 350. 4 351.8 344.2 332.6 342. 7 333.7 334. 6 331.8 331.5 338.2 334.0
161.9 181.6 198.6 211.8 223.0 226.6 226. 5 205. 2 190.5 176.5 159.0 148.9 191.8 179.5
217.5 227.2 231.2 237.1 240.2 242.7 241.2 237.2 223.5 218.2 219.5 221.0 230.3 198.1
601.5 661.5 702.3 728.9 730.4 723.5 706.8 727.4 693.4 660.2 633.0 597.1 678.7 680.2
Manufacturing______________________ 15,586 15.880 16,316 16,573 16,783 16.905 16,955 16,710 16,852 16,762 1G. 822 16,933 15,915 1G, 800 16,905
Durable goods *___ __________ 8, 859 9,113 9,405 9,584 9, 687 9,710 9,802 9. 756 9, 913 9,895 9, 927 9, 976 9,992 9, 808 9.825
Nondurable goods *__________ 6,727 6,767 6,911 0,989 7,096 7,195 7,153 6,954 6,939 6,867 6,895 6,957 6,953 6,992 7,080
117.8
Ordnance and accessories......................
Food and kindred products....................
Meat products....________________
Dairy products______________ ____
Canning and preserving___________
Grain-mill products_______________
Bakery products_______________ ...
Sugar.............................. ...... ...............
Oonfectlonery and related products__
Beverages_______________________
Miscellaneous food products____ ___
Tobacco manufactures______________
Cigarettes_________ ____ ________
Cigars____________________ ___ _
Tobacco and snuff________________
Tobacco stemming and redrying.........
116.7
116.9
117.8
119.8
123.6
126. 5
126.2
126.7
127.6
129.4
130.0
130.6
125.5
130.6
1,400. 4 1,419. 2 1, 477. 9 1, 518.1 1, 591.8 1, 673.6 1,654. 6 1, 578.9 1,510.7 1,451.8 1, 433.1 1,430.8 1,429.2 1, 517. 9 1, 552.0
314.0 325.6 332.1 330.7 330.4 327.0 328.9 325.7 320.7 320.3 323.1 325.4 327.3 337.4
99.4
98.7 102.6 109.3
95.2
96.5
94.0
98.8 103.2 109. 1 111. 1 109.8 104.3 101.5
157.0 175.9 193.7 261.5 347.5 326.7 253.9 197.1 168.2 166.1 158.0 159.5 214.3 231.1
113.2 113.2 114. 1 116. 8 118.0 118.2 115.1 113.2 113.5 114.4 116.1 116.3 115.7 118.7
285.8 288.1 289.5 290.7 290.9 292.4 292.2 289.5 287.6 286.5 285.9 286.2 288. 8 289.1
25.2
32.0
25.4
25.9
31.8
28.7
29.8
27.9
27.1
25.0
47.9
34.1
43.0
43.3
77.4
79.1
78.9
78.8
75.6
79.3
71.3
73.8
73.5
83.7
84.6
78.3
85.8
85.6
207.1 215.6 218.6 222.1 226.8 229. 9 234.4 229.4 218.8 207.4 209.0 202.7 218.4 215.3
135.7 136.7 139.9 142.3 143.3 143.8 144.1 145.1 140.2 135.9 136.7 135.4 139.9 140.0
86.8
—
92.0
35.6
30.7
6.4
19.3
96.3
35.7
32.0
6.4
22.2
95.7
35.8
32.6
6.5
20.8
103.8
35.2
32.8
6.5
29.3
108.3
35.8
32.3
6.6
33.6
100.0
35.7
32.0
6.6
25.7
80.1
34.2
30.1
6.3
9.5
82.5
34.3
32.6
6.6
9.0
81.9
33.7
32.9
6.6
8.7
82.8
33.7
33.4
6.7
9.0
85.9
33.7
33.4
6.7
12.1
92.6
33.7
33.7
6.7
18.5
92.8
35.8
32.6
6.6
17.8
97.3
34.2
34.5
7.0
21.6
Textile-mill products................................ 942.2 949.9 974.9 985.3 998.1 1,003.0 1,002.3 986.2 1,004.2 1,003.6 1.012.1 1,020.1 1,024. 5 1.004.0 1, 057.3
6.4
6.7
6.3
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.9
6.2
6.4
6.6
5.7
5.6
5.9
5.3
Scouring and combing plants_______
113.9 116.1 116.1 117.2 118.2 116.1 114.9 117. 7 118.1 118.5 119.2 120.5 117.8 123.0
Yarn and thread mills......... ................
411.7 419.0 418.9 424.1 426.4 427.5 423.1 428.4 429.2 434.5 437.4 441. 5 429.7 457.2
Broad-woven fabric mills___________
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.8
29.8
29.1
28.5
29.0
29.2
29.3
27.8
28.3
28.7
29.3
Narrow fabrics and small wares_____
193.9 204.0 212.0 215.7 216.5 217.2 211.2 216.2 213.2 211.7 212.6 209.6 212.5 220.6
Knitting mills.......................................
88.9
89.1
89.3
88.2
81.7
87.9
86.1
88.1
88.0
88.5
86.7
87.9
88.3
85.3
Dyeing and finishing textiles____ ___
54.2
55.2
51.1
49.9
49.4
52. S 54.3
50.3
49.0
51.1
47.6
48.7
48.9
50.3
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings......
10.6
10.9
11.5
11.5
10.6
12.3
10.0
10.2
10.0
9.7
10.3
10.3
10.2
10. 5
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____
60.4
58.6
61.6
58.0
68.2
59.2
60.0
56.8
57.9
57.1
57.7
57.2
53.7
56.0
Miscellaneous textile goods........... ....... ...........
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts------ -------- ------------------------- 1,189.4 1,174.1 1,194.1 1, 205.1. 1, 211.0 1.219.4 i, 219. 5 1,156.8 1,180. 5 1,173.2 1,204. 5 1,233.4 1,228. 5 1,203.5 1,215.4
115.4 117.0 115.4 119.1 121.7 121.8 117.3 122.8 121.0 122.6 124.8 124.8 121.4 124.1
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats...........
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
296.6 303.0 308.6 313.1 315.5 312.5 303.9 309.4 304.9 307.2 310.1 309.0 308.3 315.4
clothing----------- -----------------------354.0 357. 0 353.3 346.8 354.2 358.4 328.4 336.1 337.2 357.9 372.6 372.1 353. 6 356.4
Women’s outerwear_______________
118.9 121.5 124.1 124.3 124.2 122.0 115. 8 119.2 121.1 123.8 124.8 123.6 122.0 121.6
Women’s, children's undergarments...
18.7
20.5
22.4
21.9
18.4
19.7
14.1
16.3
18.6
16.1
16.4
19.7
15.4
17.0
Millinery----------------------------------72.5
78.4
80.4
77.7
74.8
75.4
76.5
78.9
79.6
80.1
78.4
78.9
79.7
76.7
Children’s outerwear______________
11.6
9.8
9.5
11.6
11.6
9.8
12.0
12.5
11.7
12.8
12.7
11.9
12.6
11.7
Fur goods_____________ _______ _
63.4
61.2
61.1
62.3
63.5
60.9
60.3
62.7
64.2
61.7
64.8
64.5
60.8
62.9
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
121.3 127.7 132.3 131.8 127.1 129.6 123.5 125.1 126.3 129.0 129.7 128.1 128.2 129.4
Other fabricated textile products_____
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
436
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able A-2; Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958
1957
Annual
average
Industry
Jan.2
Manufacturing—Continued
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)_____________________
Logging camps and contractors______
Sawmills and planing mills_________
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products...... ............
Wooden containers________________
Miscellaneous wood products.............
619.3
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept. Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
625.5
71.4
330.1
648.8
77.4
343.3
670.3
83.4
354.0
691.9
91.2
361.8
699.5
88.4
368.9
713.5
94.7
376.8
713.7
101.6
373.0
729.7
110.9
377.3
708.1
100.6
868.4
680.0
83.2
359.5
680.9
75.4
349.4
657.4
72.0
349.4
685.9
87.3
360.9
741.4
104.0
38a 1
124.4
46.9
52.7
126.6
47.9
53.6
129.5
48.8
54.6
133.3
50.1
55.5
135.0
50.8
56.4
135.5
50.0
56.5
132.7
50.1
56.3
131.9
52.5
57.1
129.2
52.5
57.4
127.2
52.2
57.9
126.4
52.0
57.7
125.9
52.6
57.5
130.1
51.0
56.6
135.8
55.0
58.5
358.6
256.1
368.2
262.1
373.4
266.2
378.1
267.9
379.8
267.9
378.2
266.6
369.6
259.1
371.8
261.0
368.6
259.1
372.5
263.2
373.1
263.1
373.9
263.1
373.2
263.3
379.0
266.4
43.3
44.0
44.9
46.2
47.4
47.7
47.0
47.5
47.1
47.6
47.4
47.9
46.8
48.1
36.1
37.1
37.0
38.4
39.2
38.8
38.8
38.6
38.1
37.7
37.6
37.6
38.1
37.9
Furniture and fixtures.............................
Household furniture_______________
Office, public-building, and profes
sional furniture..................................
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and
fixtures....... ......... ................... .........
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures____________
355.2
23.1
25.0
25.3
25.6
25.3
25.1
24.7
24.7
24.3
24.0
25.0
25.3
25.0
26.6
Paper and allied products____________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills___
Paperboard containers and boxes..........
Other paper and allied products_____
558.9
566.2
275.0
157.0
134.2
575.6
277.1
161.9
136.6
578.8
277.4
164.6
136.8
580.4
277.1
164.1
139.2
580.6
277.8
163.5
139.3
576.0
278.4
159.4
138.2
569.7
276.0
156.6
137.1
578.7
281.5
158.8
138.4
573.1
277.8
157.1
138.2
575.0
278.8
157.1
139.1
574.6
279.1
156.7
138.8
573.1
279.6
155.9
137.6
575.9
278.3
159.5
138.1
569.9
278.0
156.7
135.2
861.1
865.5
320.1
61.9
53.6
230.4
60.2
15.9
44.4
874.3
324.3
62.0
53.3
233.0
62.5
16.6
44.8
876.1
324.3
62.3
53.4
231.2
62.8
19.0
45.3
875.5
322.8
61.7
53.6
231.4
63.1
18.9
46.7
869.9
321.6
60.9
53.6
229.3
62.6
18.1
47.1
859.5
317.9
58.9
53.4
228.9
62.2
17.3
45.8
860.3
320.0
59.1
53.6
228.0
62.1
17.2
45.4
861.7
321.8
58.5
53.3
227.2
62.5
17.6
46.1
859. 5
320.5
59.2
53.4
227.0
62.1
16.6
45.9
863.8
320.0
59.7
54.0
227.6
62.6
16.4
46.4
864.4
319.5
60.5
55.0
227.9
62.7
16.3
45.9
861.0
318.8
61.0
54.7
225.8
62.1
16.2
45.9
865.8
320.7
60.5
53.8
228.8
62.5
17.3
46.0
852.5
313.7
64.2
63.1
222.4
63.1
18.8
46.0
79.0
77.8
77.8
77.3
76.7
75.1
74.9
74.7
74.8
77.1
76.5
76.5
76.2
71.2
Chemicals and allied products.................
Industrial inorganic chemicals_______
Industrial organic chemicals________
Drugs and medicines............................
Soap, cleaning and polishing prepara
tions_________________________
Paints, pigments, and fillers________
Gum and wood chemicals__________
Fertilizers.............. ..............................
Vegetable and animal oils and fats.......
Miscellaneous chemicals.....................
807.0
815.8
103.5
305.1
107.7
822.5
103.8
308.2
107.8
828.6
104.5
309.2
107.6
832.2
105.8
309.3
106.2
833.9
107.0
313. 3
105.7
832.5
107.6
315.1
105.5
829.4
107.7
316.0
104.4
831.8
108.1
315.8
102.6
837.8
108.0
314.7
101.5
841.8
107.7
316.4
101.5
840.1
107.7
317.1
101.4
835. 7
107.6
317.4
100.9
833.5
106.9
314.3
103.8
830.6
108.4
315.7
97.7
49.4
75.3
8.0
34.1
38.4
94.3
49.6
75.6
8.1
32.3
40.7
96.4
50.5
75.8
8.0
32.6
42.0
98.4
51.0
77.0
8.6
33.9
41.8
98.6
51.3
77.9
8.7
33.3
39.0
97.7
51.2
78.6
8.8
31.0
36.3
98.4
50.6
79.0
8.8
30.5
35.5
96.9
50.7
77.9
8.5
33.5
36.5
98.2
50.1
77.5
8.6
42.5
37.2
97.7
50.3
77.0
8.7
44.9
38.0
97.3
50.6
76.6
8.7
42.0
39.4
96.6
50.6
76.6
8.6
36.7
40.6
96.7
50.7
77.2
8.5
35.6
39.0
97.5
50.3
76.2
8.4
36.0
40.5
97.4
Products of petroleum and coal......... ......
Petroleum refining............. ...............
Coke, other petroleum and coal
products........................................... .
250.8
252.3
204.0
253.7
203.9
256.6
204.8
257.9
205.0
261.3
208.1
261.3
208.5
259.9
207.2
259.1
206.3
257.2
205.4
256.8
205. 5
255.6
204.4
255.9
204.5
257.3
205.6
254.3
202.6
Printing, publishing, and allied indus
tries__________________________
Newspapers_____________________
Periodicals__________ _____ ______
Books__________________________
Commercial printing______________
Lithographing___________________
Greeting cards............... .....................
Bookbinding and related industries__
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services_______________________
Rubber products................... ...................
Tires and inner tubes______________
Rubber footwear__________________
Other rubber products..........................
48.3
49.8
51.8
52.9
53.2
52.8
52.7
52.8
51.8
51.3
51.2
51.4
51.7
51.7
260.6
109.0
21.8
129.8
267.5
111.3
22.1
134.1
269.3
111.4
22.3
135.6
269.9
111.6
22.1
136.2
266.9
111.6
22.1
133.2
264.7
111.3
22.0
131.4
259.7
110.6
21.6
127.5
255.7
104.5
21.8
129.4
262.1
110.7
21.6
129.8
249.7
97.5
21.7
130.5
269.9
113.1
22.1
134.7
271.1
113.1
22.1
135.9
264.7
109.8
22.0
132.9
269.2
111.6
24.1
133.6
Leather and leather products_________
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing..
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings...
Footwear (except rubber)....................
Luggage.............................................. .
Handbags and small leather goods........
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
377.4
370.9
39.5
5.4
20.2
244.5
15.7
33.5
12.1
374.0
39.9
5.5
20.1
242.6
16.7
35.1
14.1
374.9
40.4
5.4
19.5
239.1
17.2
36.1
17.2
375.4
40.4
5.3
19.4
239.5
17.5
36.0
17.3
378.0
40.6
5.2
19.3
242.6
17.3
35.1
17.9
382.9
41.0
5.1
19.9
246.8
17.6
34.7
17.8
372.5
40.3
5.0
20.0
243.2
17.0
29.9
17.1
373.9
41.0
5.0
19.9
243.6
17.1
30.2
17.1
366.3
40.4
5.1
19.7
238.4
16.8
29.2
16.7
375.3 382.3
40.9
40.7
5.2
5.2
19. S 20.4
243.7 248.2
16.6
16.8
32.6
34.0
16.6
16.8
381.3
41.5
5.3
20.5
246.5
16.6
35.0
16.0
376.1
40.8
5.2
19.9
243.2
17.0
33.4
16.6
381.6
42.7
5.2
20.0
246.3
16.6
33.7
17.0
Btone, clay, and glass products________
Flat glass.............................. ...............
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Olement, hydraulic________________
Structural clay ¡products___________
Pottery and related products................
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod
ucts.....................................................
Cut-stone and stone products_______
Miscellaneous nonmetallie mineral
products.............................................
504.0
509.0
31.5
89.7
15.2
40.1
73.1
47.9
529.8
32.9
92.8
16.1
41.8
78.3
49.3
543.7
32.9
96.4
16.3
42.5
80.9
50.3
551.3
32.6
97.2
16.9
42.5
82.4
50.3
556.8
31.6
98.5
16.5
43.1
83.6
50.9
555.3
31.3
98.2
16.6
41.6
83.9
50.2
538.2
30.0
94.3
16.3
29.7
83.5
49.7
555.2
30.7
97.7
16.5
41.5
83.3
51.4
550.4
30.7
96.0
16.5
42.6
80.7
52.0
549.0
31.5
94.8
16.7
42.2
80.5
53.4
545.5
32.3
94.1
16.9
42.4
79.3
54.0
643.0
33.4
93.1
16.9
42.3
78.1
54.6
547.0
32.0
95.6
16.6
41.2
81.4
51.7
561.5
34.2
95.0
17.5
43.4
86.9
64.6
107.6
17.8
111.2
18.5
115.6
18.6
118.8
19.3
120.9
19.2
120.9
19.2
121.5
19.2
122.2
18.9
120.2
19.1
117.6
19.2
114.8
18.9
113.3
18.8
117.3
19.0
117.6
19.8
86.4
88.9
90.2
91.3
92.5
93.4
93.1
93.0
92.6
93.1
92.8
92.5
92.2
92.8
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
437
T able A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
Industry
1958
Feb.2 Jan. 2 Dec.
Annual
average
1957
Nov.
Oct.
Sept. Aug.
July
June May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Manufacturing—Continued
Primary metal industries___ ________ 1,120. 9 1,182.2 1, 230.9 1,255.3 1,276.9 1,289. 4 1,306. 5 1,302. 7 1.318.9 1, 318. 7 1,328.0 1,338.2 1,348.8 1,305.4 1,311.0
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills
569.6 599.9 616.4 629.7 641. 7 648.4 648.9 652.1 651.5 654.6 659.5 662.2 643.7 630.6
212.7 217.9 218.4 222.6 218.6 225.4 224.3 229.0 229.8 231.5 234.9 240.4 227.8 241.0
Iron and steel foundries____________
Primary smelting and refining of non62.7 64.2 64.6 64.6 66.0 66.9 67.1 67.9 67.9 68.9 68.9 68.5 67.2 67.5
ferrous metals ________________
Secondary smelting and refining of
13.4 13.8 13.9 14.1 14.1
nonfeirous metals
13.9 14.1 14.1 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.5 14.2 14.3
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonfprrnns metals
104.5 107.6 109.4 107.8 109.0 111.6 109.9 112.3 112.2 112.4 109.7 112.2 110.7 116.9
68.3 71.8 74.1 76.8 76.1 76.4 75.3 77.0 77.4 79.6 82.3 82.6 77.9 79.6
Nonferrous foundries.............. ..............
Miscellaneous primary metal Indus151.0 155.7 158.5 161.3 163.9 163.9 163.1 166.5 165. 5 166. 6 168. 5 168.4 163.9 161.1
tries
_ .. __________ ____
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)......................... ....... 1,039.7 1, 075.4 1,108. 4 1,127.0 1,129.1 1,118.8 1,118.2 1,108. 2 1,125. 6 1,121.1 1,128.2 1,134.1 1,138.8 1,124. 7 1,116.6
51.4 51.4 52.9 55.4 58.9 60.6 59.9 58.4 56.6 57.4 55.4 54.7 56.3 57.7
Tin cans and other tinware_________
140.3 146.3 147.2 145.2 140. 5 138. 4 136.6 140.9 142.7 144.4 147.9 150.1 144.3 149.2
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware___
Heating'apparatus (except electric) and
plumbers’ supplies________ _____ __________ 108.9 108.9 110.8 109.9 109.8 112.8 109.7 111.4 111.7 111.7 111.4 111.6 110.7 121.4
321.2 329.6 332.3 336.5 337.5 335.4 332. 4 334.2 327.5 323.4 322.1 320.2 328.7 303.4
Fabricated structural metal products..
Metal stamping, coating, and engrav214.4 225.0 231.0 228.5 219.1 220.1 222.6 228.7 230.4 236.0 240.6 244.1 231.2 234.3
ing _________________________
50.2 52.6 54.6 54.6 53.5 51.9 50.8 51.1 51.2 52.0 52.7 63.4 53.0 50.8
Lighting fixtures_________________
56.4 57.9 58.8 58.7 59.1 59.5 59.4 60.4 60.6 62.1 62.8 63.8 60.7 61.9
Fabricated wire products___________
Miscellaneous fabricated metal prod132.6 136.7 139.4 140.3 140.4 139.5 136.8 140.5 140.4 141.2 141.2 140.9 139.8 137.9
ucts
______________________
Machinery (except electrical)_________ 1,533.9 1, 565. 0 1, 587.4 1, 608.2 1, 635.9 1,657.0 1,658.7 1,686. 4 1, 714. 6 1, 728.4 1, 750.1 1,764.0 1,763.6 1, 693. 4 1, 716.4
82.7 82.8 81.7 81.8 81.7 82.6 81.6 83.9 84.1 85.0 85.5 86.5 83.5 79.6
Engines and turbines................. ........
141.1 137.4 137.7 142. 5 142.5 142.4 143.2 146.6 147.7 154.2 157.3 154.7 147.2 149.5
Agricultural machinery and tractors...
132.0 135. 2 139.1 144.0 148.3 149.6 151.2 152.1 153.9 155.2 155.4 156.9 149.6 151.9
Construction and mining machinery__
247.7 254.4 260.3 267.6 275.2 277.3 283.5 289.1 290.9 292.3 293.5 291.7 280.7 282.5
Metalworking machinery----------Special-industry machinery (except
169.9 172. 6 174.6 177.2 177.6 176.3 179.9 183.7 183.6 183.8 185.4 185.8 180.9 188.1
metalworking machinery)_________
253.1 256.6 257.1 260.6 263.7 262.6 267.7 267.3 266.7 268.2 269.8 269.2 265.1 259.6
General industrial machinery____ ___
118.6 122.5 126.3 129.2 131.5 132.2 131.3 134.9 135.2 136.0 136.4 136.0 132.0 124.7
Office and store machines and devices.
Service-iudustry and household ma163.1 162.6 163.3 163.0 165.0 163. 5 174.1 179.6 187.3 192.9 198.7 199.6 178.9 205.6
chines ________________________
M1scollnnpons machinery parts
256.8 263.3 268.1 270.0 271.5 272.2 273.9 277.4 279.0 282.5 284.0 283.2 275. 5 274.9
Electrical machinery.......... ...................... 1,123.4 1,154.9 1,192.4 1,221.4 1, 239. 2 1,251.3 1,232. 8 1, 219.7 1, 222.0 1,211.2 1,216.2 1,228.2 1,232.0 1,225.0 1,202.9
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial appa393.1 403.1 407.0 409. 5 415.0 410. 5 413.7 417.6 419.6 424.1 428.6 430.1 417.5 415. 9
ratus
_____________________
45.8 47.3 49.2 49.7 49.0 47.2 47.9 47.4 48.1 50.4 51.5 52.6 49.4 52.6
Electrical appliances.............................
24.6 25.1 25.8 26.2 26.4 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.0 26.2 26.8 27.0 26.3 26.1
Insulated wire and cable----------------71.9 75.0 75.6 75.1 74.8 72.6 72.6 73.6 71.8 75.3 79.1 79.4 75.3 73.9
Electrical equipment for vehicles____
27.6 28.2 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.2 28.4 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.4 28.6 28.4 27.1
TClfiftfrifl lamps
545.1 565.5 585.2 600.2 606.2 596.9 580.9 578.6 568.0 562.4 564.9 565.5 578.3 557.7
Communication equipment.................
46.8 48.2 50.4 50.2 51.5 51.2 50.0 50.3 49.3 49.3 48.9 48.8 49.8 49.6
Miscellaneous electrical Droducts____
Transportation equipment----------------- 1,682.1 1, 753. 4 1, 823. 6 1, 837.4 1, 822.1 1,787.4 1,876.5 1,888.3 1,925. 9 1,941. 4 1,950.8 1,980.1 1,984.7 1,904.9 1, 830. 5
772.7 824.7 811.8 753.7 694.3 772.5 762.9 793.9 812.7 823.4 853.1 863.6 807.1 815.2
Motor vehicles and equipment*...___
774.2 785.8 806.2 847.2 868.5 885.8 902.0 905.6 906.9 909.1 908.6 904.8 878.1 814.4
Aircraft; and parts..________________
475.4 489.0 516.7 529.5 542.4 553.9 556.2 558.3 557.0 557.2 554.9 537.5 499.1
469.0
Aircraft__ _____ ______________
151.3 155.3 158.2 165.5 169.7 173.0 176.9 178.9 179.7 183.3 184.2 183.8 174.3 165.6
Aircraft engines and parts.................
20.7
20.3 20.1 20.6 20.6 20. 5 21.0 20.6 20.4 20.6 20.4 20.1 20. 5 16.9
Aircraft propellers and parts_______
133.2 134.8 138.9 144.4 148.7 149.9 150.2 149.9 148.5 148.2 146.8 146.0 145.8 132.8
Other aircraft parts ana equipment..
141.3
145.3
147.1 145.8 146.9 146.5 146.6 148.7 146.5 143.6 145.2 142.3 145. 4 128.9
Ship and boat building and repairing..
Rhlphnfidlng and repairing .
124.6 128.5 130.4 129.7 131.2 130.7 129.8 129.9 127.1 124.0 125.5 122.7 127.5 110.0
16.7 16.8 16. 7 16.1 15.7 15.8 16.8 18.8 19.4 19.6 19.7 19.6 17.9 18.9
Boatbuilding and repairing_______
57.7 59.3 62. 5 64.8 67.0 61.1 67.2 67.7 65.6 65.3 64.0 65.0 64.7 62.1
Railroad equipment_______________
9.6 10.0
9.4
9.2
7.5
8.5
9.0
9.8 10.6 10.7 10.6
9.7
9.6
Other transportation equipment_____
9.9
Instruments and related products______ 313.7 325.1 331.6 334.9 336.9 338.8 340.5 335.2 338.0 339.0 342.3 342.2 341.2 338.3 335.9
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
68.7 69.3 70.1 71.6 73.2 75.4 75.6 75.1 74.8 75.6 73.9 73.8 73.4 67.3
instruments____________ ______
Mechanical measuring and controlling
79.5 81.5 82.8 84.1 84.4 84.6 84.6 85.4 85.5 86.4 87.3 86.3 85.0 85.5
instruments__ ___ _____________
Optical instruments and lenses____ ._
13.7 14.0 13.9 13.7 13.6 13.6 13.8 13.8 13.7 14.0 14.1 14.1 13.9 13.9
Surgical, medical, and dental instru41.6 41.9 42.2 41.6 41.6 41.3 41.5 42.2 42.2 42.3 42.0 42.0 41.9 41.0
ments________________________
23.4 23.9 24.6 24.6 24.2 24.0 23.5 24.0 24.0 24.2 24.5 24.7 24.2 25.7
Ophthalmic goods.................................
67.5 69.1 69.5 69.2 70.0 70.4 70.0 69.4 68.5 68.6 68.8 69.0 69.2 68.1
Photographic apparatus____________
30.7 31.9 31.8 32.1 31.8 31.2 26.2 28.1 30.3 31.2 31.6 31.3 30.7 34.4
Watches and clocks............................... —
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. 449.2
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware...
Musical instruments and parts______
Toys and sporting goods.T__________
Pens, pencils, other office supplies........
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastics products________
Other manufacturing industries._____ ..........
See footnotes at end of table.
4 5 8 9 0 1 — 58------ 6
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
446.8 466.8
47. 5 49.1
16.4 17.2
66.6 73.4
31.0 31.8
57.2 59.5
83.7 85.7
144.4 150.1
494.3
50.0
17.7
89.1
32.4
60.5
88.6
156.0
505. 5 507.7
50.6 50.4
17.6 17.5
96.1 97.5
32.5 32.6
61.4 63.4
89.9 90.4
157.4 155.9
494.8 468.0 485.0 480.6 480.1 479.4
48.5 45.9 47.2 47.2 47.7 48.8
17.3 17.8
16.9 16.5 18.9 17.1
94.3 83.8 88.9 88.2 84.9 80.8
32.6 31.4 31.9 31.1 31.0 30.7
62.5 57.4 59.5 58.1 59.0 60.3
88.6 86.0 88.8 88.0 87.9 89.9
151.4 147.0 151.8 150.9 152.3 151.1
477.6
50.1
18.0
79.1
30.7
60.4
89.6
149.7
484.9 499.3
48.9 50.8
17.4 18.3
86.4 93.2
31.7 31.9
60.2 63.8
88.6 86.5
151.7 154.8
438
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able A-2. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry 1—Continued
[In thousands]
1958
Annual
average
1957
Industry
Feb.2 Jan.2 Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Transportation and public utilities_______ 3,962 3,997 4,100 4,123 4,159 4,206 4,215 4,199 4,181 4,156 4,153 4,147 4,120 4,155 4,157
Transportation____________________ 2,562 2, 596 2,692 2, 713 2, 747 2,783 2, 776 2,760 2, 762 2,749 2, 747 2,746 2, 723 2,743 2,768
1,018.9 1.064. 4 1, 082.2 1,115.0 1,136.5 1,148.6 1,139.8 ], 144. 5 1,137.1 1,136.0 1,132.0 1,132. 5 1,126.2! 1,190. 6
Interstate railroads_______________ „
886. 0 918. 7 ' 943. 5 ' 975. 2 ' 994.8 L 007.2 L 007.7 L011.9 1, 004.4 ' 992. 4 ’ 988.0 ' 988. 7 086 3 1 0 4 9 6
Class I railroads________________
Local railways and buslines_________
105. 6 105.7 105.4 107.4 107.6 107. 7 ' 107. 7 ' 108. 0 ' 108.4 108.4 ÍÓ8.6 108. 5 107. 1 110.6
Trucking and warehousing
813. 2 847.2 854.9 855.1 854.1 838.3 833.4 829.2 821.0 821.1 820. 2 819.3 833.8 807.5
Other transportation and services____
657. 8 074.2 670.5 669.4 684.9 681.0 678.8 679.8 682.6 681.4 685.2 662.3 676.3 658.9
43.0 43. 7 44.2 44.5 45.8 46.2 45.7 45.1 44.0 43.2 42.6 42.3 44.2 42.4
Buslines, except local____________
Air transportation (common carrier).
145.0 144.8 144.6 141.5 147.6 147.6 147.0 146.1 145.2 144.7 143.1 141.8 144.2 130.5
824
Communication___________________
800
809
SOI
806
814
824
809
808
813
810
803
806
810
795
Telephone
759. 7 765.0 766. 7 766.8 771.8 782.0 781. 6 770.0 767.1 766.3 763. 8 760.9 768.2 751 2
39.9 40.3 40.3 41.0 41.3 41.5 41.9 41.9 41.9 42.1 41.7 41.8 41.5 42. 6
Telegraph....___ ________________
615
Other public utilities............................... 599
601
602
603
615
602
609
606
597
594
597
595
602
594
Gas and electric utilities___________
576.9 577. 8 577.9 578. 2 584.1 589.8 589.6 581.5 573.3 572.5 570. 7 669.9 577.9 570.1
Electric light and power utilities___
251.3 251. 2 251.3 251.3 254.4 256.9 256.6 253.0 249.3 248.8 247.9 247.1 251.2 247.8
144.4 144.9 145.1 145.1 146.3 147.5 147.7 146.1 143.7 143.6 143.1 143.4 145.1 144. 2
Gas utilities........... ................. ...........
Electric light and gas utilities combined_______________________
181. 2 181. 7 181. 5 181.8 183. 4 185. 4 185.3 182. 4 180.3 180.1 179. 7 179.4 181 6 178 1
23.9 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.5 24.9 24.9 24.4 23.9 24.0 24.0 23.6 24.2 23. 9
Local utilities, not elsewhere classified..
Wholesale and retail trade........ ............ .
11,302 11,456 12,365 11,840 11,664 11,620 11,499 11,493 11,505 11,411 11,428 11,265 11,225 11,543 11,292
Wholesale trade____________________ 3,135 3,165 3, 214 3,210 3,200 3,180 3,179 3,166 3,140 3,113 3,114 3,117 3,114 3,154 3,032
Wholesalers, full-service and limited
function_____________________
1, 825. 7 1, 857.3 1,854.4 1,844.8 1, 837. 7 1.831.2 1,825.3 1,807.9 1, 795.8 1,796.3 1, 800.9 1,800.6 1,821. 6 1 767.5
Automotive____________________
' 125. 5 ' 126.3 ' 125.8 126.2 126.3 125.8 ' 125.1 ' 123. 7 121.6 121.6 120.3 119.8 123. 5 118.8
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
wines, and liquors..........................
325.1 329.2 328.9 324.7 324.6 320.6 321.2 319.3 315.2 318.4 319.2 317.8 321.1 310.2
Electrical goods, machinery, hardware, and plumbing equipment. ._
459. 6 463. 6 465.3 466.0 465.7 407.4 466.3 464.4 460. 9 461. 4 462.8 462. 7 464 2 456.9
Other full-service and limited-function wholesalers____ _________
915. 5 938.2 934.4 927.9 921.1 917.4 917. 2 900. 5 898.1 894.9 898.6 900.3 912. 8 881.6
Wholesale distributors, other________
1,339. 5 1,357.0 1.355.4 1,354.9 1, 342. 2 1,347. 7 1,340.3 1,332.0 1,317.3 1,317.6 1,315.9 1, 313.6 1,332.8 1 264.9
Retail trade_______________________ 8,167 8, 291 9; 151 8,630 8,464 8,440 8,320 8, 327 8,365 8,298 8,314 8,148 a 111 8,389 a 260
General merchandise stores__________ 1,317.0 1,376. 7 1,904. 9 1, 555. 7 1, 447.4 1, 419.2 1,351.6 1, 346.9 1,379.8 1,382. 2 1, 401.9 1,343.0 1 , 333.2 1,437.7 1,450.7
Department stores and general mailorder houses_________________
892. 4 1,227. 9 1,014.3 932.7 909.3 874.1 871.1 888.4 885.0 890.5 862 0 859. 2 925.4 938 8
484.3 ' 677. 0 ' 541.4 514.7 509.9 477.5 475.8 491. 4 497.2 511.4 481.0 474.0 512.3 511.9
Other general merchandise stores___
Food and liquor stores______________ 1,642.7 1,635.6 1,663. 8 1, 649. 5 1, 622.1 1, 613. 7 1, 599. 7 1,605.8 1 , 606.9 1, 600. 7 1,602.6 1, 590.8 1,586.8 1,609.5 1, 553. 6
Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets__________ _____ _________
1,175. 6 1,190. 4 1.181.5 1,156. 6 1,140.1 1,120.9 1,126.5 1,127.6 1,126.2 1,1217 1 123. 5 1,118. 5 1,137. 5 1 086.4
Dairy product stores and dealers.......
' 226. 4 ' 227. 8 ' 228. 7 230.2 237.6 244.4 245. 4 ' 241.9 ' 237.3 234.0 230.3 227.3 234.3 231.9
Other food and liquor stores
233. C 245.6 239.3 235.3 236.0 234.4 233.9 237.4 237.2 243.9 237. 0 241.0 237. 7 236 3
Automotive and accessories dealers___ 782. 6 794.4 822.0 809.7 801.6 801.1 805.2 806.5 803.6 798.2 795.8 796.0 793. 2 801.1 808.7
Apparel and accessories stores............ .
572.3 600. 5 739. S 644.3 625.9 614.7 571. 6 580.7 619.8 621.7 657.9 692.4 581.2 619.6 616.0
Other retail trade__________________ 3,852. 0 3, 884. 7 4, 020. C3,970.9 3,967.0 3,991.1 3,992. 2 3, 987. 4 3,955.1 3,895. 5 3, 855.6 3,826.1 3,816. 2 3,921.3 3,831.0
396. 5 414.2 402. 3 397.6 392.5 392. 4 392.6 392.8 392.2 394, 7 395.3 395.1 396.2 306 8
Furniture and appliance stores_____
Drug stores___* *________________
378.9 406.7 381.1 380.2 373.5 374.1 376.5 372.4 360.9 364.2 354. 7 352.2 370 8 346 ft
Finance, insurance, and real estate______
Banks and trust companies___________
Security dealers and exchanges________
Insurance carriers and agents_________
Other finance agencies and real estate__
Service and miscellaneous____ ________
Hotels and lodging places_____________
Personal services:
Laundries_____ _____ _____________
Cleaning and dyeing plants...................
Motion pictures
2,344
6,398
2,343
627.6
83.7
868.1
763.6
2,349
627. 2
83.9
866.7
771.1
2,355
626.2
83.9
865.2
779.9
2,356
623.4
83.8
861.6
787.1
2,361
621.7
84.2
861.8
793.5
2,389
629.6
85.6
867.7
805.8
2,390
626.0
85.3
865.0
814.0
2,359
614. 4
83.8
853.1
807.8
2.329
6Ó6 7
82.8
845.8
793.4
2,320
6Ó6.9
83.0
845.6
7813
2,310
605 2
83.6
842. 5
779.1
2,301
602.3
82.7
837.0
779.1
615. 6
83. 7
853 5
790.2
2,308
681.9
82. 4
821.7
820.1
6,393
457.8
6,473
471.3
6,512
479.5
6,547
487.1
6,541
527.1
6,509
597.7
6,524
598.0
6,551
539. 7
6,520
512.6
6,432 6,317
499. C 482.3
6,273
480.7
6,457
517.0
6,231
618.0
320.5
156.1
206.9
322. 8
158.8
211. 0
325.0
161.7
218.3
327.7
163.6
226.6
329.5
160.6
232.1
333.2
156.1
230. 5
337.9
162.7
229.3
336.5
167. 6
228.9
333 5 328. 5
168.0 164.0
227 0 224.1
328 0
158.9
212 3
330 0
162.0
922 5
333 6
164.8
22ft ft
328 2
160.3
21ft 5
2,343
Government_____ __________________ 7,538 7,50Î 7,805 7,498 7,473 7,381 7,157 7,157 7,343 7,387 7,376 7,360 7,334 7,380 7,178
Federal *____ ________ ____ ________ _ 2,132 2,137 2,470 2,148 2,156 2,179 2,212 2, 219 2,211 2,202 2,205 2,203 2,200 2,214 2,209
State and local *__________________. . . . 5,406 5,364 5,336 5,350 5,317 5, 202 4,945 4,938 5,132 5,185 5,171 5,157 5,134 5,166 4,969
!
1 Beginning with the July 1957 issue, the data íor 1955-56 shown in this
table are not comparable with those published in previous issues. They have
been revised because of adjustment to first quarter 1956 benchmark levels indi
cated by data from government social insurance programs. Comparable data
for earlier years are available upon request. Data for 1956 and 1957 are sub
ject to revision when new benchmarks become available.
These series are based on establishment reports which cover all full- and
part-time employees in nonagricultural establishments who worked during,
or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the
month. Therefore, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted more than once. Proprietors, selfemployed persons, unpaid family workers, and domestic servants are ex
cluded.
3 Preliminary; subject to revision without notation.
*Durable goods include: Ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood
products (except furniture); furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass
products; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment); machinery (except
electrical); electrical machinery; transportation equipment; instruments and
related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
‘ Nondurable goods include: Food and kindred products; tobacco manu
factures; textile-mill products; apparel and other finished textile products;
paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chem
icals and allied products; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products;
and leather and leather products.
1 Data for Federal establishments refer to the continental United States;
they relate to civilian employees who worked on, or received pay for, the last
day of the month.
8 State and local government data exclude, as nominal employees, elected
officials of small local units and paid volunteer firemen.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles." Data not affected.
N o t e : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S o u r c e : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for the Federal Government, which is prepared by the
U. S. Civil Service Commission, and that for Class I railroads, which is
prepared by the U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission.
A : EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
439
T able A-3. Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries 1
{In thousands]
1957
1958
Annual
average
Industry
Feb.2 Jan.2 Dec.
Mining______________________________
M etal.___ ______________ __________
Iron___ __________________________
Copper___________________________
Lead and zinc. . -
G48
84.2
28.4
25. 0
12.5
Anthraelte.... ........ _. _
Bituminous coal_______ _____ ___ ____
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas productlon..............................................
Petroleum and natural-gas production
(except contract services).................... —
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying_____ ..........
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
667
86. 7
30. 6
25.1
12. 7
671
876
32.0
25.1
12.2
680
88. 8
33.2
24.9
12.4
694
92. 5
34. 4
26. 5
12.8
703
94 5
35 0
27. 2
13.3
699
95 8
34 3
97* 7
14 2
?£ 0
14 8
14 8
15 5
21.8
206.1
24.3
211. 5
22.4
211.9
25.4
214.5
26.5
214.2
25 2
214.8
98 9
208,6
28 3
218! 9
216.7
?6 6
217! 4
218.4
221.8
242.5
245. £
248.2
248. £
258.0
264.7
264.0
260.6
248.5
248.8
249.7
124.9
125.9
126.0
127.4
133.3
137.7
137.9
136.3
129.5
130.1
130.1
93.5
98.1
100.9
102.3
103.0
103.3
101.5
100.9
100.8
98.0
95.2
976.7 1,031.9 1,072.8 1,143. 2 1, 218.0 1,194.3 1,120. 2 1,056.4 1,004. 2
249.0 259.7 265.7 264.2 262.8 259.2 261.1 257.9 253.2
63.0
63. G 65.0
66. G 70.1
75.3
77 1 76 0 71 5
125.3 144.1 162.0 228.9 312.9 292.2 220.8 164.3 136! 2
79.6
79.3
78.9
82.2
83.2
82.9
79 2 77 5 78 4
165.0 168. 7 170.7 171.8 172.0 172 8 173 1 171 6 169 4
42.4
29.0
37.6
37.9
24.5
23. 6 22 7 22 0 19 8
64. 5 69. 7 71.3
71.3
69.2
64. 4 57 4 59 9 59 6
109.3 116.6 120.2 122.3 124.9 125.2 130 0 127 1 120 9
95.9
92.3
92.7
97.7
98.4
98.7
98! 8 100.1
95.2
989.8
252.7
7i)4
1957
1956
680
(!«• u
30.0
4o.0
114.
a n
y
95 7
215.8
27.1
4IU. 0
250.5
253.5
249.8
131.0
131.8
130.7
93.4
99.4
99.5
Manufacturing_______________________ 11,780 12,050 12,458 12,703 12,893 12,992 13,024 12,788 12,955 12,894 12,960 13,085 13,114 12,925 13,196
Durable goods 3________ _____ _ 6,628 6,860 7,136 7,305 7,389 7,397 7,476 7,432 7,603 7,600 7,635 7,693 7, 721 7, 517 7, 659
Nondurable goods ..................... . 5,152 5,190 5,322 5,398 5,504 5,595 5,548 5,356 5,352 5,294 5,325 5,392 S! 393 5,408 5,537
68.8
68.3
Ordnance and accessories...... ....................
66.2
67.2
69.5
72.7
75.0
74.0
75.8
76.5
78.3
79.0
79.4
74.7
83.0
Food and kindred products______
Meat products.................................. .
Dairy products___________________
Canning and preserving...... ..................
Grain-mill products_______________
Bakery products____________
Sugar_________________________
Confectionery and related products
Beverages_____________ 2___
Miscellaneous food products_________
Tobacco manufactures______
Cigarettes____________________
Cigars________ ____________ _
Tobacco and snuff___________
960.1
___
___
76.8
Tobacco stemming and redrylng
82.0
31.2
29.0
5.3
16.5
Textile-mill products—. ....................
851.9 859.5
Scouring and combing plants____ .
5.0
___ 105.0
Yarn and thread mills.*..
___ 385.0
Broad-woven fabric mills__
Narrow fabrics and small wares........
24. 2
Knitting mills________ __________
173.7
___
Dyeing and finishing textiles____
74.2
39.1
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings___
Hats (except cloth and millinery)____
9.2
Miscellaneous textile goods_________ —
44.1
86.6
31.2
30.3
5.4
19. 7
883.6
4. 9
107.0
391.7
24. S
183. 7
75.6
40.0
9.5
46.4
85.9
31.2
30.9
5.4
18.4
893.3
4.6
107.1
391.3
25.0
191.7
76.7
40.0
9.3
47.6
94.0
30.6
31.1
5.5
26.8
98.4
31.2
30.6
5.5
31.1
90.4
31.1
30.3
5. 5
23. 5
906.2 911.6 911.4
5.2
5.7
6.0
108.4 109.2 107.3
396.5 398.9 400.2
25.6 25.8 25 4
195.3 196.5 197.2
77.2 77.4 77.0
41.4 41.4 41.1
9.0
8.6
8.9
47.6 48.1 48.3
70.8
29 6
28 4
53
73.2
29 8
30 9
56
75
¿_9
895.4
58
106.0
396.0
24 8
191 2
75.2
40.3
9.0
47.1
912.9
62
108.7
401.4
25 4
196 7
76.7
40 2
94
48.2
72.8
29 3
31 2
988.8 987.1 1, 068.9 1,105.3
255.3 257.6 259.8 269.1
68 5 66 8 65 ^ 69 6
/. 4/
135! 1 m ! 2 128.6 182! 1 199.
6
QO
9. 7/
78 7 80 5 80 7 80 5 O
168 4
170 3 1/4. 1
20 3
26 8
40. 0
61 3
64* 6
04. 0
113 0 114 8
119 g 14U. O
9l! 8
93.0
91.8
95.4
96.0
73.6
76.5
29 3
82.2
88. 7
on. 7
oU
t
5* 7
56
10 0
83.7
29 8
32.0
29 3
31 7
303
30 9
16 3
55
15 5
o4. 0
R. yO
0
10
9
iy. 0
911.2 919.4 928.5 932.7
55
58
59
61
109.2 109.5 110.6 111.5
401.9 407.1 410.4 414.5
25 6 25 8 26 0 26 2
193 2 191 5 192 7 189 5
76.5 77! 4 77.5 77! 8
41 9 43 7 45 3 46 2
88
9 6 10 1 10 1
48.2 49.3 5o!l
50! 8
912.0
57
108.9
402.4
95 5
199 4
76! 9
49 ?
93
48.7
966.6
63
113.9
430.0
Oß 9
onn 7
80.1
AK ß
in Q
52.0
56
67
69
Apparel and other finished textile products..................................................... 1,055. 8 1,043.1 1, 059. 7 1, 070. 7 1,075.2 1, 083.7 1,083. 5 1,023.8 1,044. 7 1,039. 0 1,068.9 1,098.1 1,094. 5 1,068.5 1,083.3
Men’s and boys’ suits and coats......... _____ 102. 5 104.0 102.7 106.1 109.0 108.8 104.7 110.0 108.1 110.0 112.2 112.6 108.7 111. 8
Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing______________________
270. 4 276.6 282.1 285.7 288.4 286.0 277. 5 282 2 278 3 280 6 282 8 28? 1 ?81 4 9QQ K
Women’s outerwear_______________
315.9 316.9 313.9 306.6 313.6 318.0 289 1 295 8 296 9 316 5 331 9 331 2 313 ? 91ß n
Women’s, children’s undergarments...
106. 6 108.5 111. 1 111.3 111. 1 108.9 102.6 106 0 107 9 110 5 1119 1110 109 0 inc q
Millinery_____________ __________
14.8 14.1 13.2 16.2 17.3 17.3 13.8 11 9 13 1 18* 1 ?0 0 IQ £ 16 1 16.4
Children’s outerwear______________
A0
ß. yO
69.6 68.0 69.9 70.6 71.1 71. 6 70 2 70 6 66 8 63 7 67 8 69 8 68 9 0
Fur goods___ ___ _______________
8.9
9.7
9.9
94
Q. 0ß
9.1
89
70
9.8
8.9
9.2
88
72
70
O
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories..
K7 n
54.9 56.9 58.2 58.4 58.0 57.2 54 7 55 2 54 0 54 9 66 3 54 7 5,5 Q
Other fabricated textile products_____
99.5 105. 6 109.9 110.4 105.4 106.8 102.0 103! 6 105! 0 107.6 108! 0 106Y 106! 5 108.2
Lumber and wood products (except
furniture)...........................................
Logging camps and contractors____
Sawmills and planing mills.................
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products_________
Wooden containers________________
Miscellaneous wood products_______
Furniture and fixtures.....................
Household furniture______________
Office, public-building, and professional
furniture______________________
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and fixtures_____________ ___ _______ _
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous
furniture and fixtures........................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
549.4
294.5
556.4 580.8 602.1
65.1
71. 0 77.0
299.4 312.7 323.4
622.7
84.6
330.9
103. 5 106.2
42.4 43.6
46.0 47.3
109.1
44.5
48.1
112.6
45.7
48.9
297.2 306.8 311.6
219. 0 225.4 228.9
316.9
231.2
630.9 644.6 645.3 658.9 638.0
81. 6 88 2 94 8 103 1 92 6
338.5 346.1 342.6 345.5 337.6
114.5 114.8 112.1 111 5 108 8
46.3 45.4 45.8 48 2 48 2
50.0 50.1 50.0 50 6 50.8
318.9 316.6 308.6 311.0 307.5
231.6 229.9 222.9 225.0 222.5
611.8 592.6 589.0 617.2 672.2
76 3 68 3 64 8 805 Qß A
329.2 318! 9 318.9 330.3 358.0
107 1 106 5 106 1 109 7 115 0
47 9 47* 8 48 3 46 6 50 6
5l] 3 51 1 50 9 50 1 52 0
311.5
226.9
312.3
226.6
312.8
226.5
312.3
226.9
318.5
230.4
38.9
33.9
34.5
35.3
36.6
37.8
38.0
37.4
37.8
37.5
38.0
38.0
38.5
37.3
26. 5
27. 5
27.5
28.8
29.5
29.2
29 1
28.9
28.6
27.9
28.1
28.0
28.5
28.6
17.8
19.4
19.9
20.3
20.0
19.5
19.2
19.3i
18.9
18.7
19.6
19.8
19.6
20.6
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
440
T able A-3. Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries 1—Continued
[In thousands]
Annual
average
1957
1958
Industry
Feb.2 Jan.2 Dec.
Manufacturing—Continued
Paper and allied products_________
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills.
Paperboard containers and boxes..
Other paper and allied products__
449.0
Printing, publishing and allied industries— 552.8
Newspapers__________ ________
Periodicals____________________
Books_______________________
Commercial printing______________
Lithography.........................................
Greeting cards.....................................
Bookbinding and related industries—
Miscellaneous publishing and printing
services................... .........................
510.5
Chemicals and allied products............ .
Industrial inorganic chemicals..........
Industrial organic chemicals_______
Drugs and medicines______________
8oap, cleaning and polishing prepara'
tions.................................. ...............
Paints, pigments, and fillers________
Gum and wood chemicals__________
Fertilizers.................... -..................
Vegetable and animal oils and fats..
Miscellaneous chemicals__________ _ —
166.7
Products of petroleum and coal..............
Petroleum refining----------------------Coke, other petroleum and coal prod
ucts..................................................
193.1
Rubber products...:.......... ................
Tires and inner tubes--------------------Rubber footwear........ ....................
Other rubber products......................... —
334.8
Leather and leather products.............
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Industrial leather belting and packing.
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.
Footwear (except rubber)---------------Luggage................. ......... ................
Handbags and small leather goods.
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods.
409.5
Stone, clay, and glass products..............
Flat glass....................... .....................
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass products made of purchased glass.
Cement, hydraulic_______________
Structural clay products.......... ..........
Pottery and related products..............
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod
u cts................................... ........
Cut-stone and stone products..__
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
products__________ __________
Primary metal industries...................
Blast furnaces, steelworks, and rolling
mills.......................... ..................
Iron and steel foundries.......................
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_______________
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals---------------------Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals_______________
Nonferrous foundries____ ____ _
Miscellaneous primary metal indus
tries....... ............ ........................
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and trans
portation equipment)___________
Tin cans and other tinware...............
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware__
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies....................
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving
Lighting fixtures.............................
Fabricated wire products----------Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
—
—
804.
—
Oct.
Sept. Aug.
456.3 465.8 468.6 470.4 468.9
226.3 228.6 229.2 228.6 228.6
125.7 130.9 133.1 132.8 131.3
104.3 106.3 106.3 109.0 109.0
July
June
465.1 459.0 468.9
229.1 226.6 232.8
128.2 125.6 128.0
107.8 106.8 108.1
Mar.
517.4
69.1
193.7
61.8
522.6 528.0
69.5 70.2
195. 3 196.6
62.5 62.3
532.3 533.1
71.4 71.7
196.9 200.4
61.4 60.7
529.5
72.1
200.9
60.3
528.8
72.0
203.3
59.9
Feb.
1957
1956
May
Apr.
464.9
230.0
126.7
108.2
467.1 466.5 465.5 466.4 465.2
231.1 231.1 231.5 229.8 230.4
126.6 126.5 126.1 128.6 128.0
109.4 108.9 107.9 108.0 106.8
556.8 563.5 565.7 566.8 563.3 553.1 552.2 556.0 554.9 559.2 558.7
159.1 161.8 161.5 160.4 159.8 156.4 157.1 159.3 159.3 158.7 158.5
25.9 25.3 25.5 25.8 25.3 24.1 24.1 24.2 24.9 25.4 25.6
33.7 33.6 33.7 33.9 34.0 33.5 33.7 34.1 34.2 34.8 34.9
186.2 188.9 187.5 188.2 186.9 185.0 184.4 184.1 183.4 184.2 184.1
45.2 47.5 47.9 48.1 47.6 47.2 47.0 47.4 47.1 47.7 47.9
10.9 11.6 13.8 13.8 13.2 12.5 12.3 12.6 11.6 11.3 11.2
34.9 35.4 36.0 37.5 37.8 36.6 36.3 37.1 36.9 37.4 37.2
60.9 59.4 59.8 59.1 58.7 57.8 57.3 57.2 57.5 59.7 59.3
534.7 544.3 549.1
73.0 73.2 73.2
205.8 206.7 208.4
59.2 58.8 58.7
550.0
73.5
210.7
58.8
555.3
157.8
25.5
34.8
182.0
47.2
11.2
37.2
59.6
558.9 551.1
159.0 156.0
25.2 27.7
34.2 33.1
185.3 180.
47.5 47.
12.2 13. €
36.9 37.5
58.6
55.
547.9 538.0
73.6 72.4
212.1 204.7
58.8 60.0
551.
75.
215.
57.
30.3
44.9
6.6
25.0
26.8
59.2
30.4
45.2
6.7
23.3
28.7
61.0
31.1
45.4
6.6
23.5
29.8
62.5
31.5
46.5
7.2
24.9
29.8
62.7
31.8
47.4
7.4
24.2
27.3
62.2
31.5
48.0
7.5
22.2
24.7
62.3
31.0
48.5
7.4
21.6
23.7
61.4
30.7
47.7
7.2
24.4
24.4
62.3
30.4
47.5
7.3
33.3
24.9
62.2
30.7
47.2
7.4
35.8
25.9
61.8
30.9
46.9
7.4
33.1
27.5
61.2
31.0
47.2
7.3
27.8
28.7
61.4
31.0
47.1
7.2
26.7
27.0
61.9
30.
47.,
7.
27.
28.
62.
168.0
130.8
169.1
130.3
171.4
130.6
173.0
131.2
175.0
132.8
175.1
133.4
174.8
133.0
175.3
133.3
174.0
132.9
173.4
132.7
172.8
132.0
173.4
132.3
173.1
132.2
173.
132.
42.0
41.1
40.7
40.8
41.1
40.9
41.
196.8 204.2
78.2 84.9
17.4 17.3
101.2 102.0
191.3
71.1
17.5
102.7
211.4
86.9
17.8
106.7
212.6 205.6 211.
86.8 83.4 85.
17.8 17.6 19.
108.0 104.6 106.
332.7 324.8 333.6 340.8
36.7 36.0 36.3 36.5
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
17.6 17.7 18.2
17.8
219.0 213.8 218.9 223.4
14.4 14.1 14.0 14.1
24.7 28.1 29.8
25.8
14.7 14.6 14.8
15.1
340.1 334.6 340.
37.1 36.4 38.
4.0
4.
4.0
18.3 17.7 18.
221.8 218.6 221.
14.0 14.3 14.
30.8 29.0 29.
14.1 14.6 15.
449.0 452.2 469.
30.0 28.5 30.
78.4 81. C 80.
14.2 13. £ 14.
35.4 34.3
36.
68.1 71.5
77.
47.8 44. £ 48.
90.7 94.9 96.
16.4 16.5 17.
37.2 38.8 40.8 41.8 42.2 41.7 41.8
200.6 207.3 209.0 209.5 206.4 204.3 199.8
81.5 83.6 84.0 84.4 84.4 84.2 83.9
17.7 17.9 18.0 17.7 17.6 17.2 16.8
101.4 105.8 107.0 107.4 104.4 102.9 99.1
329.5 332.0 333.0 333.6 336.1 341.1 331.6
35.1 35.6 35.9 36.0 36.3 36.8 36.0
3.8
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.2
18.0 17.9 17.4 17.3 17.1 17.7 17.8
220.0 217.8 214.5 215.1 217.8 221.8 218.9
13. C 13.8 14.3 14.6 14.5 14.9 14.2
28.9 30.7 31.7 31.4 30.6 30.3 25.7
10.4 12.0 15.0 15.2 15.8 15.7 15.2
415.0
27.7
75.2
12.5
33.1
63.0
41.0
85.6
15. Í
61.6
903.4
Nov.
435.0 448.3 455.5 460.8 459.3 442.6 459.3 456.2 455.2 451.4
29.5 29.4 29. C 28.0 27.5 27.2 27.1 27.4 28.3 28.9
78.0 81. £ 82.5 84. C 83.8 79. £ 83. C 81.7 80.5 79.6
14.0 14.1
13.9 13.7 13.8
13.8
13.4 13.5 14.1 13.8
34.9 35.5 35.6 36.1 34.8 23.0 34.6 35.7 35.3 35.5
70.5 68.9
70.8
68.3 70.6 72.1 73.6 73.7 73.4 73.2
46.7 47.2
42.5 43.7 43.7 44.2 43.5 42.8 44.5 45.2
89.0 93.1 96.4 98.0 98.5 99.0 99.1 97.3 94.8 92.5
16.7 16.8 16.5
16.7 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.1
15.9 16.1
63.5
64.5
65.4
66.5
67.0
67.0
67.5
67.5
68.3
68.2
68.0
66.9
68.
959.9 1,004.0 1,028.5 1,049.2 1,061.0 1,077.3 1,075.3 1,092.5 1,092.6 1,101.0 1,112.0 1,123.7 1,078.9 1, 096.
466.1 492.8 509.1 523.2 534.1 540.6 542.5 546.6 546.4 548.9 553.7 558.7 537.9 532.
181.8 186.9 187.5 190.8 187.6 194.1 193.1 197.9 198.4 199.9 203.3 208.3 196.4 210.
49.0 50.3 50.9 50.7 52.0 52.7 52.6 53.5 53.9 54.7 54.6 54.5 53.1 54.
9.5
9.8
9.9
10.4
10.5
10.3
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.8
10.8
10.6
10.
80.0
54.7
82.8
58.1
84.7
60.5
83.0
62.9
84.1
62.1
86.6
62.3
85.1
61.5
87.4
63.2
87.2
63.2
87.5
65.6
85.5
68.0
87.
68.3
85.9
63.9
92.
65.
118.8
123.3
130.7
130.0
133.4
132.7
133.6
136.1
135. £ 131.1
129.
889.
878.1 878.4
48.:
5i.;
53.:
115. € 111. £ 109.
868.
52.5
107.5
886.f
51. (
111.4
882. £ 889.4 898.
49.2
50.2 48.
114. £ 118.5
113.
902.
47.5
121.5
84.
252.
177.2
42.(
47.'
112.
83.7
247.'
181.1
39.
48.
108.
85.5
249.'
187.8
40.5
48.8
112.
85.2
243.
189.
40.
49.5
112.
85.1 84.f
239.
239.
193. £ 199.
41.4
42.1
50.
51.2
113. 'I 114.
84.;
237.
202.
42.'
52.
113.
125. S 128.2
836.
868.1 887.4
45.
43. £ 44.1
111. C 116. £ 117.
85.
82.7
83.1
247.,
236.4 244.
190.
173.4 183.
43.
41.
39.
47.
45.2
46.,
110.
104.
107.
83.
251.2
187.!
43.,
47.
112.
130.
86.7
249.7
179.'
40.
48.:
111.5
888.
886.
50.
49.:
114. £ 120.
94
84.
244.' 226
193
189.
40
42.
51
49.2
111.
111
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T a ble
441
A-3. Production workers in mining and manufacturing industries 1—Continued
jin thousands]
1958
Annual
average
1957
Industry
Feb.3 Jan.3 Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Manufacturing—Continued
Machinery (except electrical).............. 1,075.1 1,101.1 1,121.8 1,141.3 1,166.4 1,185. 8 1,180.3 1, 206.6 1,238.6 1,255.4 1,277.3 1,291.1 1,294.4 1,221.4 1,267.9
Engines and turbines....................... . ___
56.9
57.5
57.0
59.2
57.0
56.9
57.4
56.9
60.6
62.3
59.5
61.3
58.8
57.9
Agricultural machinery and tractors. . .
97.6
95.7
95.7 100.6 100.4 100.1 101.4 104.3 106. 5 111.8 114.3 112.4 105.0 108.0
Construction and mining machinery...
90.9
93.5
97.0 101.6 105.7 106.2 107.7 109.1 110.8 112.5 112.6 114.4 107.1 111.1
Metalworking machinery__________
183.1 188.8 193.6 200.0 207.2 207.9 213.9 220.2 222.6 224.3 225.7 224.4 212.9 217.2
Special-industry machinery (except .......
metalworking machinery)_________
116.6 118.9 120.4 122.3 122.7 121.0 124.3 127.9 128.0 128.4 129.7 130.2 125.6 133.5
General industrial machinery_______ ___
162.0 164.8 165.9 168.7 170.7 169.2 172.6 174.1 174.5 175.8 178.3 178.6 172.8 174.3
Office and store machines and devices..
81.9
85.1
88.7
92.0
97.2
93.3
92.9
98.5
99.8 100.2 101.2
92.7
95.0
94.2
Service-industry and household ma
chines________________________
119.2 118.6 119.5 119.0 120.4 118.4 127.4 133.4 140.6 146.4 149.6 152.0 132.9 157.4
Miscellaneous machinery parts______
192.9 198.9 203.5 205.2 208.5 207.4 209.5 213.2 214.4 217.8 219.4 218.9 211.3 214.3
Electrical machinery________________
Electrical generating, transmission, dis
tribution, and industrial apparatus...
Electrical appliances______________
Insulated wire and cable.......................
Electrical equipment for vehicles.........
Electric lamps___________________
Communication equipment-.................
Miscellaneous electrical products..........
760.6
___
___
___
___
790.6
823.8
851.8
869.1
878.9
861.1
847.5
854.9
847.3
853.0
869.4
876.7
860.1
871.3
264.1
34.0
18.7
56.2
23.7
360.6
33.3
272.7
35.5
19.2
59.0
24.2
378.7
34.5
276.3
37.5
19.8
59.4
24.2
398.0
36.6
278.4
37.8
20.1
58.9
24.4
413.0
36.5
283.5
37.1
20.2
58.2
24.5
417.9
37.5
278.9
35.3
20.0
56.3
24.3
409.2
37.1
280.9
35.9
19.9
66.5
24.5
393.7
36.1
286.7
35.6
19.9
57.6
24.5
394.2
36.4
290.1
36.6
19.8
55.8
24.8
384.6
35.6
294.2
38.7
19.9
59.5
24.7
380.3
35.7
299.2
39.9
20.6
63.2
24.7
386.5
35.3
301.8
41.1
20.9
63.9
24.8
389.0
35.2
287. 5
37.7
20.1
59.3
24.6
394.9
36.0
297.3
41.8
20.8
59.0
23.9
392.0
36.5
Transportation equipment___________ 1,207. 7 1,275. 7 1,341. 7 1,349.9 1,321.3 1,277.8 1,363.0 1,373.0 1, 415.2 1,434. 8 1,446.0 1,474.3 1,482.2 1,402.2 1,358.3
Motor vehicles and equipment*______
607.7 661.0 649.7 590.2 531.2 610.3 602.6 632.4 651.9 663.0 689.2 699.8 645.7 651.8
Aircraft and parts________________
498.9 505.8 519.4 548. 7 560.6 573.5 585.0 593.9 598.3 601.6 603.1 602.6 574.6 540.8
Aircraft.._____________________
303.9 307.1 315.4 334.8 341.0 351.4 357.8 363.2 366.8 366.5 367.2 367.3 350.9 329.8
Aircraft engines and parts............. . ___
90.3
92.9
95.4 100.3 102.9 104.5 109.0 112.3 113.2 116. 8 117.9 117.6 108.2 104.4
Aircraft propellers and parts.......... ___
14.3
13.9
14.1
13.7
14.2
13.9
14.4
14.1
14.0
13.9
13.6
13.9
14.0
11.3
Other aircraft parts and equipment___
90.4
91.9
99.5 102.7 103.7 103.8 104.2 104.4 104.2 104.1 104.1 101.5
94.9
95.3
Ship and boat building and repairing.. ___
120.2 123.6 125.3 124.1 125.4 124.7 125.5 128.0 125.8 123.2 124.9 122.3 124.4 110.5
Shipbuilding and repairing________ ___
105.7 109.0 111.2 110.6 112.3 111.6 111.4 111.9 109.1 106.3 107.8 105.4 109.1
94.1
Boatbuilding and repairing.............. ___
14.5
14.6
13.5
14.1
13.1
13.1
14.1
16.1
16.9
16.7
17.1
16.9
15.3
16.4
44.5
Railroad equipment.._____ _______
43.2
49.5
47.4
51.5
45.6
52.0
52.7
50.5
50.8
49.6
50.1
49.6
47.0
Other transportation equipment_____ - ..... 5.7
6.8
8.1
8.8
9.1
8.9
7.9
8.2
7.7
7.4
8.0
7.5
7.9
8.2
Instruments and related products______
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
instruments........................................
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments____________________
Optical instruments and lenses.........
Surgical, medical, and dental instru
ments________________________
Ophthalmic goods________________
Photographic apparatus____________
Watches and clocks_______________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware—
Musical instruments and parts______
Toys and sporting goods___________
Pens, pencils, other office supplies____
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions___
Fabricated plastics products............. .
Other manufacturing industries______
204.1
.......
___
—
350.0
___
___
___
213.4
219.4
221.8
223.4
225.1
225.2
220.6
224.0
226.1
229.5
230.6
230.2
225.4
230.3
37.9
38.7
38.8
39.4
40.0
41.0
42.0
42.2
42.3
44.3
42.3
42.6
41.4
39. Ï
53.3
9.8
54.6
10.3
55.8
10.2
56.9
10.2
57.6
10.2
57.7
10.1
57.7
10.2
58.3
10.2
58.5
10.2
58.5
10.4
60.6
10.5
59.5
10.6
58.0
10.3
59.9
10.6
28.2
18.1
41.1
25.0
28.5
18.6
42.6
26.1
28.8
19.4
42.7
26.1
28.4
19.3
42.6
26.6
28.3
18.9
43.7
26.4
28.0
18.7
43.9
25.8
28.4
18.3
43.5
20.5
29.0
18.7
43.5
22.1
29.1
18.8
42.9
24.3
29.4
18.9
42.9
25.1
29.3
19.2
43.2
25.5
29.2
19.3
43.5
25.5
28.8
18.9
43.1
24.9
28.5
20.3
43.9
28.0
348.1
37.1
13.8
53.0
22.3
45.4
64.7
111.8
367.7
38.5
14.6
59.6
23.6
47.1
66.6
117.7
394.1
39.5
15.1
75.4
24.1
48.1
68.9
123.0
405.4
40.0
15.1
81.8
24.5
49.0
70.2
124.8
407.3
39.7
15.0
82.9
24.7
51.0
70.5
123.5
394.9
38.0
14.5
79.6
24.7
50.5
68.3
119.3
369.4
35.7
13.7
69.7
23.5
45.7
65.8
115.3
386.1
36.8
14.0
74.5
24.0
47.6
69.2
120.0
382.7
36.7
14.3
73.4
23.2
46.6
68.8
119.7
382.3
37.1
14.4
70.1
23.2
47.5
68.9
121.1
382.0
38.2
14.9
66.2
23.1
48.5
71.2
119.9
380.7
39.6
15.1
64.7
23.0
48.5
71.4
118.4
386.1
38.3
14.7
72.0
23.7
48.3
69.2
119.9
403.5
40.6
15.5
78.3
23.8
51.7
69. 6
124.1
1 For coverage of the series and comparability of data with those published
in issues prior to July 1957, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing,
warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services,
product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e. g., power
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the
aforementioned production operations.
3 Preliminary; subject to revision without notation.
8 See footnote 3, table A-2.
8 See footnote 4, table A-2.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles.” Data not affected.
Soubce: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
442
T able A-4. Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payrolls in manufacturing1
[1947—
49=100]
Employ Weekly
payrolls
ment
Period
1939:
1940:
1941:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
Average___________
Average___________
Average _____ _____
Average___________
Average___________
Average___________
Average___________
Average___________
Average __________
Average___________
Average___________
66.2
71.2
87.9
103.9
121.4
118.1
104.0
97.9
103.4
102.8
93.8
29.9
34.0
49.3
72.2
99.0
102.8
87.8
81.2
97.7
105.1
97.2
Period
Employ
ment
Weekly
payrolls
Average..
AverageAverage..
AverageAverage..
Average..
AverageAverage..
99.6
106.4
106.3
111.8
101.8
105.6
106.7
104.5
111.7
129.8
136.6
151.4
137.7
152.9
161.4
162.7
1957: M ay...............................
June_______________
July.......................... —
August_____________
September____ ____
October.......... ............ .
November _________
December___________
104.2
104.7
103.4
105.3
105.0
104.2
102.7
100.7
161.0
163.8
160.5
164.7
164.7
162.6
160.9
157.4
1957: February.
March__
April___
106.0
105.8
104.8
165.0
164.3
161.5
1958: Ja n u ary 8_____ ____ __
F ebruary8__________
97.4
95.2
149.2
145.4
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
i For coverage of the series and comparability of data with those published
in issues prior to July 1957, see footnote 1, tables A-2 and A-3.
*Preliminary.
Period
Employ Weekly
ment
payrolls
N ote : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T able A-5. Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel1
[In thousands]
Item
1957
1958
Jan.
T o ta l civilian em ploy
ment *________________ 7,501
Dec.
7,806
Nov.
7,498
Oct.
7,473
Sept.
7,381
Aug.
7,157
July
7,157
Annual average
June
7,343
2,470 2,148 2,156 2,179 2,212 2,219 2,211
Federal employment............ 2,137
Executive............. ......... 2,110.7 2, 443.4 2,120.9 2,128.9 2,152. 7 2,184.7 2,192.0 2,184.4
Department of De952.5 954.5 961.2 971.5 995.3 1,018.1 1,023.4 1,023.0
Post Office D epart
m ent__________
Other agencies.........
Legislative___________
Judicial...........................
District of Columbia *----Executive.......... .............
Department of De-
May
Apr.
Mar.
*7,387 *7,376
*7,360
Feb.
7,334
Jan.
7,302
1957
7,380
1956
7,178
2, 202 2,205
2, 203 2,200 2,196 2,214 2,209
2,175. 8 2,178.6 2,176. 5 2,173.3 2,170.1 2,187.6 2,183.1
1,021.1 1,025.2 1,028. 7 1,031.7 1,033.5 1,007.6 1,0341
532.9
625.3
22.1
4.6
864.6
624.3
22.1
4.6
533.8
625.9
22.1
4.6
526.6
630.8
22.0
4.6
523.7
633.7
22.1
4.6
521.9
644.7
22.3
4.6
521.4
647.2
22.3
4.6
518.7
642.7
22.3
4.6
522.3
632.4
21.9
4.5
521.8
631.6
21.9
4,5
521.9
625.9
22.0
4.5
520.4
621.3
21.9
4.6
519.1
617.6
21.8
45
548.6
631.4
22.0
4.6
535.3
613.7
21.9
4.3
225.2
204.3
232.4
211.6
230.4
209.5
231.0
210.2
231.5
210.6
235.4
214.3
237.0
215.9
236.3
215.2
232.1
211.3
232.8
212.0
232.9
212.0
232.5
211.6
232.2
211.4
233.1
212.2
231.2
210.3
78.2
78.5
83.6
84.3
85.3
87.3
88.3
88.2
87.0
87.3
87.4
87.5
88.0
86.1
88.6
Post Office Depart
m ent___________
Other agencies.........
Legislative___________
Judicial_____________
9.3
116.8
20.2
.7
16.7
116.4
20.1
.7
9.2
116.7
20.2
.7
9.1
116.8
20.1
.7
9.0
116.3
20.2
.7
8.9
118.1
20.4
.7
8.8
118.8
20.4
.7
8.9
118.1
20.4
.7
8.9
115.4
20.1
.7
9.0
115.7
20.1
.7
8.9
115.7
20.2
.7
8.9
115.2
20.2
.7
8.9
114. 5
20.1
.7
9.6
116.5
20.2
.7
9.3
112.4
20.2
.7
State and local employ
ment *________________
S ta te ..____ _________
Local_____________ . . .
Education.......................
Other......... .....................
5,364
1,392.3
3, 972.0
2,470.7
2,893.6
5,336
1,368.7
3, 967. 6
2,471.4
2,864.9
5,350
1,367.6
3,982.0
2,484.8
2,864.8
5,317
1,359.8
3.957.1
2,448. 9
2,868.0
5,202
1,322. 8
3, 878.9
2,296. 5
2,905. 2
4,945
1,288.7
3,656.3
1,988. 9
2, 956.1
4,938
1, 298. 5
3,639.8
1,982.3
2,956.0
5,132
1,340.8
3, 791.3
2,216. 5
2,915.1
*5,185 *5,171 *5,157 5,134
1,344.7 1,340.7 1,333 4 1, 328. 5
*3,840.0 *3, 830.1 *3,823.8 3, 805.9
2,342.6 2,350. 8 2,351.0 2,345. 5
*2,842.1 *2,820.0 *2,806. 2 2, 788.9
5,106
1, 323. 9
3, 782.3
2,313. 9
2, 792.3
5,166
1, 335.6
3,830.7
2,301.2
2,865.1
4,969
1, 281.5
3, 687.3
2,178.6
2, 790.2
2,647
2,690
2,729
2,789
2, 819
2,839
2,826
2,816
2,786
2,848
Total military personnel *— 2,644
Army...............................
Air Force........................
Navy_______ ________
Marine Corps............
Coast Guard...................
909.5
877.0
634.2
193.3
29.9
918.1
878.7
629.6
190.7
30.0
935.9
890.9
639.1
193.5
30.2
955.3
902.1
646.8
194.9
30.3
980.3
916.7
663.1
198.0
30.4
992.4 1,001.3
922.2 920.8
674.7 685. 5
199.1 200.7
30.5
30.5
s For comparability of data with those published in issues prior to July
1957, see footnote 1, table A-2.
Data for Federal establishments relate to persons who worked on, or
received pay for, the last day of the month. Those for State and local govern
ment relate to employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part
of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
Because of rounding, the sums of individual items may not equal totals.
* Data refer tc the continental United States only.
»Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Met
ropolitan Area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia
counties).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
998.0
919.8
677.1
200.9
29.9
2,820
2,821
2,821
2,817
1,000.2 1,001.1 1,001.2 997.3
916.4 914.8 914.2 915.3
675.9 678.0 678.3 676.4
197.4 197.7 198.1 198.9
29.7
29.5
29.3 29.1
993.4
918.4
676.0
199.6
29.0
981.2 1,030.1
910.9 916.1
666.7 672.7
197.5 200.4
29.9
28.8
4 Excludes, as nominal employees, elected officials of small local units and
paid volunteer firemen.
i Data refer to the continental United States and elsewhere.
•Revised.
Source: Federal civilian employment, U. S. Civil Service Commission,'
State and local government employment, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau
ot Labor Statistics; military personnel, U. 8. Department of Defense, Office
of the Secretary.
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
T able
443
A-8. Insured unemployment under State programs and the program of unemployment compen
sation for Federal employees,1 by geographic division and State
[In thousands]
1958
1957
Geographic division and State
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
Annual average
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
Continental United States................... . 2,877.0 2,111.7 1,513.1 1, 236.9 1,166.7 1,150.7 1,284.6 1, 251.2 1,349.7 1, 475. 4 1, 592.5 1, 730.3 1, 737. 4
New England............... .......................... 235.7 182.8 128.7 104.6
95.0
98.2 110.1
98.3 113.7 122.9 125.4 136.1 145.9
22.2
18.5
14.1
10.3
Maine_____ ____ _______ _____
8.8
7.8
7.6
7.7
11.0
13.3
10.2
10.6
11.7
10.6
8.2
5.7
New Hampshire........... ............. ......
4.9
5.1
5.4
4.9
5.3
6.6
7.0
5.6
6.9
6.9
5.4
6.5
3.6
Vermont............................. ..............
2.6
2.1
2.0
2.1
1.9
2.3
2.7
3.1
3.2
2.6
112.1
92.0
63.0
Massachusetts___ ______ _______
50.9
47.6
45.9
53.4
50.2
57.2
59.8
64.7
72.1
79.9
20.4
27.0
14.5
Rhode Islan d ................................. .
12.2
11.0
17.2
14.3
13.8
17.2
18.9
19.8
19.8
18.9
38.4
57.2
27.9
23.7
20.4
Connecticut___________________
24.2
18.8
24.0
19.5
21.2
22.0
24.5
25.9
Middle Atlantic_____________ ______ 794.3 605.4 423.7 358.9 326.7 343.7 405.2 390.3 411.6 429.4 441.6 481.6 511.9
New York____ ______ _________ 348.2 272.2 184.2 147.8 132.4 140.7 183.1 183.8 190.5 191.7 195.2 217.8 231.6
75.6
New Jersey____________________ 141.8 107.3
69.4
63.0
71.2
06.7
77.1
77.2
83.1
81.1
91.3 101.5
Pennsylvania__________________ 304.3 225.9 163.9 141.8 131.2 136.3 145.1 135.3 143.9 156.5 163.3 172.6 178.9
1957
1956
1,465. 8
121.9
11.0
6.0
2.8
61.4
16.5
24.2
1, 225.2
86.7
8.2
6.4
1.8
41.7
12.0
16.5
427.6
189.3
80.5
157.9
370.8
165.4
67.6
137.8
East North Central................. ............ .
O h io ______________ ___ ____
Indiana......... ........ ..........................
Illinois________________________
Michigan____________________
Wisconsin_____________________
631.6
166.4
76.4
151.7
188.7
48.4
419.0
118.1
47.3
81.8
133.9
38.0
295.0
79.6
33.9
61.5
94.2
25.8
256.9
57.3
26.5
53.8
101.5
17.9
277.8
52.3
26.9
52.7
129.8
16.2
234.4
50.7
26.5
61.1
79.2
16.9
248.7
52.6
28.0
63.1
87.1
17.8
252.3
54.0
28.7
70.5
81.2
17.8
254.8
55.3
31.8
67.0
81.4
19.3
272.3
62.4
33.7
68.1
84.8
23.3
283.8
65.8
33.7
74.9
82.7
26.7
304.2
70.7
41.6
79.6
82.8
29.5
308. 6
69.1
43.8
85.3
80.4
30.0
283.8
65.6
33.5
68.2
93.2
23.2
257.5
47.5
31.3
59.6
100.0
19.0
West North Central........ ........... ...........
Minnesota____________________
Iowa.......................... ......................
Missouri....... ....................... .............
North Dakota_________________
South D a k o ta .................................
Nebraska________ _____________
Kansas........ ......................................
162.1
50.1
18.8
56.2
6.7
3.8
10.1
16.6
111.7
34.0
12.0
41.3
4.2
2.4
6.5
11.3
71.7
18.9
7.1
30.6
1.8
1.1
3.9
8.2
55.0
12.4
5.2
27.7
.5
.5
2.6
6.1
46.5
9.8
5.0
22.9
.3
.4
2.4
5.6
45.2
11.3
5.8
19.8
.4
.5
2.6
4.9
81.1
12.1
6.2
23.1
.4
.5
3.0
5.8
58.8
13.5
6.3
28.3
.5
.5
3.1
6.6
69.6
18.7
7.2
29.9
1.0
.8
4.3
7.6
96.0
32.1
9.6
32.0
3.4
2.1
6.9
10.0
110.8
37.2
12.7
31.7
5.6
3.7
8.9
11.1
126.6
38.1
15.5
37.8
6.0
4.5
10.8
13.8
120.0
34.8
14.2
38.7
5.4
4.0
9.9
12.9
80.0
22.6
8.9
30.3
2.4
1.7
5.4
8.6
71.9
19.8
7.8
27.9
2.2
1.6
5.1
7.6
South Atlantic____________________
Delaware........... ...............................
M aryland.......... .................. ..........
District of Columbia.......... .............
Virginia_______________________
West Virginia...................................
North Carolina.................................
South Carolina_____*___________
Georgia_______ ______________
Florida_______________ ________
283.5
5.4
41.9
8.6
28.1
36.8
64.3
26.2
45.8
26.4
196.8
3.8
29.1
6.5
17.4
23.7
44.6
18.1
33.8
19.7
147.1
2.7
19.4
5.2
11.9
16.2
33.4
14.4
25.8
18.0
136.7
2.7
16.1
4.6
10.1
12.0
28.3
14.0
26.0
22.9
139.8
2.9
16.6
4.5
11.4
11.3
28.8
13.4
24.8
26.0
145.6
2.5
16.7
4.8
14.2
11.9
30.5
13.8
24.9
26.3
166.1
2.8
17.1
4.8
16.9
13.1
40.9
16.7
29.8
24.1
148.8
2.4
15.5
4.4
15.9
12.1
40.7
14.8
26.8
16.3
148.3
2.5
16.9
4.4
12.3
12.2
44.5
14.6
26.8
14.0
146.5
3.0
15.3
5.1
11.1
12.7
44.9
14.9
26.5
13.0
154.3
3.7
14.0
6.1
14.2
13.9
45.8
15.3
27.2
14.1
163.2
4.2
17.3
7.2
15.5
15.7
45.9
15.3
27.6
14.5
162.6
3.7
17.9
6.3
13.9
15.0
43.9
16.8
30.1
15.1
154.7
3.1
17.7
5.3
13.7
14.1
39.3
15.2
27.5
18.7
123.3
2.1
12.2
4.4
11.3
11.0
31.3
13.0
21.9
16.0
East South Central................ ................
Kentucky------------------- ----------Tennessee________________ ____
A labam a_____ . . . . _ . . . ____
Mississippi____________________
177.0
47.5
65.5
40.9
23.1
134.3
37.1
46.1
32.5
18.6
107.6
29.3
37.2
27.1
13.9
91.8
27.2
31.6
22.5
10.5
87.6
26.1
31.9
19.8
9.9
90.6
28.9
32.7
17.7
11.2
102.7
30.8
38.6
19.7
13.7
101.8
31.9
37.3
18.9
13.7
109.2
34.5
38.6
20.5
15.5
119.8
37.4
43.5
22.1
16.9
125.7
38.5
45.0
23.8
18.4
133.3
40.4
49.7
24.1
19.1
127.0
35.6
50.4
22.6
18.4
110.9
33.1
40.2
22.6
15.0
98. 5
30.1
36.1
20.8
11.5
West South Central________________
Arkansas______________________
Louisiana________ ___________
Oklahoma............................. ..........
Texas................... ................ ...........
126.6
25.5
23.8
21.0
56.2
94.1
18.6
15.5
15.5
44.6
73.0
13.2
11.8
12.9
35.1
54.7
8.7
8.7
9.6
27.7
50.3
8.5
8.6
9.0
24.1
53.4
9.8
9.4
9.7
24.5
58.5
11.0
11.8
9.8
25.9
62.5
11.4
12.3
11.4
27.4
72.6
14.3
14.2
13.1
31.0
81.5
18.2
15.9
14.0
33.5
85.7
19.3
16.7
14.9
34.7
94.2
23.0
17.8
17.4
36.0
86.5
21.6
16.5
15.8
32.7
72.1
14.8
13.2
12.7
31.4
57.9
11.6
12.4
10.5
23.5
M ountain.____ ___________________
M ontana______________________
Idaho_______________ ________
Wyoming______ _______________
Colorado..... ......................................
New Mexico___________________
Arizona____ __________ ______
U tah___ ______ __________ ____
Nevada______________ ________
77.1
15.0
12.4
3.7
11.7
6.1
10.5
10.9
6.8
55.7
10.4
9.6
2.4
8.2
4.7
8.4
6.9
5.2
38.1
6.8
6.0
1.4
5.6
3.6
6.4
4.3
4.0
23.1
4.0
2.7
.7
3.2
2.4
5.1
2.2
2.7
18.3
2.9
1.9
.4
2.8
2.0
4.5
1.9
1.9
19.4
2.7
2.2
.5
3.2
2.4
4.5
2.2
1.6
19.8
2.7
2.1
.6
3.5
2.7
4.2
2.5
1.5
20.4
2.9
1.9
.9
3.7
2.7
4.0
2.8
1.5
26.8
4.5
3.3
1.3
4.5
3.2
4.6
3.6
1.8
37.8
7.8
5.4
1.9
5.7
4.0
5.6
4.9
2.5
49.6
10.5
8.4
3.0
6.6
4.8
6.4
6.7
3.4
56.9
11.3
10.2
3.6
7.5
5.5
6.8
8.1
3.9
49.4
8.9
9.0
3.1
6.6
4.3
6.0
7.8
3.8
34.5
6.3
5.2
1.7
3.5
5.5
4.5
2.8
26.5
3.7
3.9
1.4
3.6
2.7
4.5
3.9
2.8
Pacific......... ............................................
Washington___________________
Oregon___ ___ ___ ____________
California_____________________
389.1
72.1
48.7
268.2
311.9
61.8
40.7
209.4
228.1
46.1
29.3
152.7
155.2
31.2
20.8
103.2
124.7
23.9
15.6
85.3
120.1
20.0
11.9
88.2
122.3
16.4
11.3
94.7
118.0
13.3
9.1
95.7
143.1
18.3
13.1
111.7
169.1
26.6
20.7
121.8
215.5
38.8
30.0
146.6
234.2
51.4
35.6
147.2
225.4
52.2
37.5
135.8
180.3
33.3
22.9
124.1
132.2
28.1
16.2
87.8
1 Average of weekly data adjusted for spilt weeks in the month, Figures
may not add to exact column totals because of rounding.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5.1
Source: TJ. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security,
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
444
Table A-9. Unemployment insurance and employment service programs, selected operations1
[All items except average benefit amounts are in thousands]
Item
Dec.
Jan.
Employment service:
New applications for work_____
Nonfarm placements__ _______
1956
1957
1958
1,101
355
Nov.
810
360
819
406
Oct.
Sept.
813
540
713
561
Aug.
672
538
June
July
738
533
832
528
May
Apr.
740
534
Mar,
709
480
691
425
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
747
387
898
433
811
432
8tate unemployment insurance programs **
1,349
897
1,002
1, 565
1,267
881
1,001
1,099
2,024
1,193
1,032
842
2,285
1,346
Initial claims * _______________
Insured unem ploym ent4 (aver1,737
1,350
1,592
1, 491
2,112
1.151
1,285
1,
251
1,475
1,
730
1,237
1,167
2,877
1,513
age weekly volume)_____ ____
4.4
4.0
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.3
5.1
2.8
3.6
3.0
2.8
6.9
Rate of insured unem ploym ente.
Weeks of unemployment com5,287
6,680
6,302
4, 686
5,517
5,766
6,118
7,211
4,693
4,095
4, 497
4,883
4,814
pensated_________ ________ 10, 780
Average weekly benefit amount
for total unemployment______ $30.09 $29. 75 $29.44 $29.20 $28.64 $27.87 $27.59 $27.44 $27.47 $27. 72 $27. 72 $27.85 $27. 73 $26.61
$313,012 $207,110 $136,627 $131, 832 $113,325 $121,333 $130,130 $123,540 $145,657 $154,329 $168,841 $164,860 $177, 598 $135, 704
Total benefits paid
Unemployment compensation for
veterans: *
Initial claims *_______________
Insured unem ploym ent4 (average weekly volume)_________
Weeks of unemployment compensated__________________
Total bnnftfits paid 1
37
28
21
18
16
21
20
24
16
18
21
23
31
58
41
30
24
29
35
34
33
31
39
47
49
45
58
258
$6,924
170
$4, 574
115
$3,104
112
$3,013
142
$3,793
165
$4, 406
165
$4, 539
138
$3, 710
156
$4,222
191
$5,155
218
$5, 886
207
$6, 594
206
$5, 572
252
$6, 726
34
22
16
18
54
33
16
10
9
11
19
21
83
142
56
119
47
92
46
113
52
94
36
86
42
109
53
125
60
151
67
138
6$
165
57
129
$62.2C $62.01
$7, 332 $5,689
$58.62
$6,660
$53. 5C $60.86
$4,960 $5,109
$57.68
$6,211
$58.14
$7, 227
$59.68
$8,973
$60.01
$8,252
$58.65
$9, 772
$55.33
$7,162
1,424
1, 565
1,700
1,846
1,851
1,606
Railroad unemployment insurance:
36
43
Applications 8________________
Insured unemployment (average
106
135
weekly volume)____________
227
309
Number of payments • _ _____
Average amount of benefit pay$65.07 $64.22
m e n t9 ___________________
Total benefits paid iS__________ $20,127 $14, 498
All programs:11
Insured unem ploym ent4______
3,065
2,256
$62.59
$8,852
1,623
1, 314
1,240
1 Average weekly insured unemployment excludes territories; other items
include them.
>Data include activities under the program of Unemployment Compensa
tion for Federal Employees (UOFE), which became effective on January 1,
1955.
» An initial claim is a notice filed by a worker at the beginning of a period
or'unemployment which establishes the starting date for any insured unem
ployment which may result if he is unemployed for 1 week or longer.
*Number of workers reporting the completion of at least 1 week of unem
ployment.
e The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed
expressed as a percent of the average covered employment in a 12-montb
period.
e Based on claims filed uuder the Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act
of 1952. Excludes claims filed by veterans to supplement State, U CFE, or
railroad unemployment insurance benefits.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,228
1,368
1,319
37
t Federal portion only of benefits paid jointly with other programs. W eekly
benefit amount for total unemployment is set by law at $26
* An application for benefits is filed by a railroad worker at the beginning o!
his first period of unemployment in a benefit year; no application is required
for subsequent periods in the same year.
9 Payments are for unemployment in 14-day registration periods; the aver
age amount is an average for all compensable periods. Not adjusted foi
recovery of overpayments or settlement of underpayments.
10Adjusted for recovery of overpayments and settlement of underpayments,
u Represents an unduplicated count of insured unemployment under the
State, U CFE, and veterans’ programs, and that covered by the Railroad
Unemployment Insurance Act.
SorncB: U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security
for all items except railroad unemployment insurance, which are prepared
by the U. S. Railroad Retirement Board.
A: EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS
445
B.—Labor Turnover
Table B -l.
Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 1
[Per 100 employées]
Year
:................... ............................
i................................................
i.................................... ...........
1851.................................. ..............
........................................... .
i............................ ...... ........... .
1954................................................
1955.i________________________
1956................................................
1958................................................
..................... ..........................
1949...............................................
1950....................................... .........
1951.__________
................................................
;................................................
............................ ...................
................................................
1956.................................................
195T.
1958...................... .................. .
Jan.
4.6
32
3.6
5 .2
4. 4
4. 4
2.8
3.3
8.8
3. 2
2 2.4
4.3
4.6
3.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
2. 9
3. 6
3.3
24.6
Feb.
3.9
2.9
3.2
4. 5
as
4.2
2.5
3.2
3.1
2.8
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3. 6
2.5
3.6
3.0
Mar.
8. 3
* 4.7
4.8
2.8
4.6
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.1
3.4
3.3
4.3
5.2
3.1
4.8
3.9
4.4
3.3
3.2
8.7
3.4
Total separations *
4.5
4.4
5.1
4.3
3.8
4.0
3.0
2.9
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.3
3.9
5.0
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.8
3.1
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.4
4.0
A4
3.2
3.9
3.0
3.1
A0
5.4
4.2
4.9
6.1
4.9
5.2
3.9
A4
4.4
A4
4.6
4.1
A3
4.7
4.2
4. 5
8.3
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.5
A2
3.0
3.1
3. S
4.0
A3
3.2
3.6
3. 5
3.4
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.8
4,6
A3
3. 5
4. 4
4.1
A3
S. 5
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.0
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.2
2.7
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.8
2.8
1.6
1.6
2.8
2.2
2.7
1.0
1.5
1.6
1.4
2.9
1.5
1.7
2.5
2.2
2.6
1.1
1.5
1.6
l.S
3.4
1.8
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.9
1.4
2.2
2.2
1.9
3.9
2.1
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.1
1.8
2.8
2.6
2.2
2.8
1.5
2.7
2.5
2.8
2.1
1.2
1.8
1.7
1.3
2.2
1.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.0
1.4
1.3
.9
1.7
.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.1
.9
1.1
1.0
.7
2.8
1.5
1.0
2. 4
2.3
2.3
1.1
1.6
1. 6
1.4
0.4
.2
.2
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
0.4
.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
Discharges
0.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.2
.2
0.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
0.4
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.4
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
0.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
1.2
2.8
1.2
1.0
1.3
.9
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.1
3.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.9
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.1
2.5
.9
1.0
1.1
.9
1.7
3.2
1.3
1.1
Layoffs
1.0
2.1
.6
1.3
2.2
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.8
.6
1.4
1.0
1.8
.7
1.3
.7
1.5
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.3
.8
1.4
.7
1.8
1.4
2.5
1.1
1.7
.7
2.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.7
2.2
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.0
2. 5
1.7
1.4
1.4
2.7
1.3
2.4
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.2
0.1
.1
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
0.1
.1
.2
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
1948.
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1. 2
2.5
1. 7
1.0
1.4
.9
2. 8
1. 6
1.7
1. 5
23.4
1.7
2.3
1. 7
1. 2
2.8
1.4
1948.
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
0.1
.1
.3
.3
.2
.3
2.2
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
1.1
.8
2.3
1.3
1.6
1.4
0.1
.1
.1
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.1
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
Quits
2.9
1.4
1.8
2.4
2.2
2.5
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.6
5. 1
Miscellaneous separations, including military
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
’ Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing indus
tries as indicated by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes
shown by the Bureau’s employment series for the following reasons:
O;
labor turnover series measure changes during the calendar month,
while the employment series measure changes from midmonth to midmonth;
. (?) Industry coverage is not identical, as the printing and publishing
industry and some seasonal industries are excluded from turnover;
(3) Turnover rates tend to be understated because small firms are not as
prominent in the turnover sample as in the employment sample; and
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual
average
4.6
4.8
2.9
4.1
3 .7
4.1
3 .7
3.0
3.5
2.8
3.6
3 .1
2.8
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.7
.4
.4
Dec.
A4
A4
A4
3.9
3.0
3. 7
3.4
2.9
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
2.2
.1
Nov.
2. 7
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.3
1.7
1948.
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
.1
•1
.6
Oct.
3.9
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.0
2. 7
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.2
1957.
1958.
0.1
Sept.
4.6
3 7
5.2
A4
5.2
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.2
2.9
1.0
2. 2
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.2
.8
Aug.
Al
5.7
A3
5.6
A0
3.4
A4
4.1
3.3
2.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
2.5
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.3
.8
2.2
1.1
1.8
1. 4
July
Total accessions
5.7
4. 7
5.0
4.4
3.5
A4
4.8
4.7
6.6
4.9
4.2
4.5
4.9
4.4
5.9
6.1
4.1
4.3
3.5
2.9
3.3
4.3
3.4
4.5
4.2
3.3
3.8
3.9
3.2
3.2
2.5
1. 3
June
4.1
3.5
4.4
4.«
3.9
4.1
2.7
3.8
3.4
3.0
2.6
1. 7
1. 1
2.1
1. 9
2.1
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.8
2. 8
1.0
2.1
May
4.0
2.0
3.5
4.5
S. 7
4.3
2.4
3.5
3.3
2.8
4.0
3. C
3.6
4.6
3.9
4. 4
................................................
1949.................................................
1950.................................................
1951.................................................
1852.:_____________
1953.................................................
1954..................................... ...........
1955.................................................
1956.................................................
1. 4
Apr.
1.6
1.2
1.3
2.3
0.1
.1
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
4.4
3.5
1.5
1.7
.2
.2
(4) Reports from plants aflected by work stoppages are excluded from the
turnover series, but the employment series reflect the influence of such
stoppages.
‘ Preliminary.
* Beginning with data for October 1952, components may not add to total
separation rates because of rounding.
Nora: For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
446
T able B-2. Labor turnover rates in selected industries1
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Total accessions
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
Jan.
1958
Discharges
Quits
Total
Industry
Dee.
1957
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
Jan.
1958
Miscellaneous, in
cluding military
Layoffs
Dec.
1957
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
M a n u fa c tu rin g
All manufacturing. ..................................
Durable goods 2_________ _________
Nondurable goods *________ ____ ___
Ordnance and accessories............................
Food and kindred products____________
Meat products. . _______________
Grain-mill products_______________
Bakery products__________ _______
Beverages:
M alt liquors.................................—
Tobacco manufactures________________
Cigarettes______________ _________
Cigars------------------------ --------------Tobacco and snuff----------------- ------Textile-mill products------------------------Yarn and thread mills..................... _
Broad-woven fabric mills_____ . . .
Cotton, silk, synthetic fiber_____
Woolen and worsted----------------Knitting mills—
-------------------Full-fashioned hosiery...................
Seamless hosiery---------------------Knit underwear------ --------------Dyeing and finishing textiles___ ____
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings—
Apparel and other finished textile prod
ucts-------- ----------------------------------Men’s and boys’ suits and coats-------Men’s and boys’ furnishings and work
clothing— ........................................
Lumber and wood products (except furn itu re )....------------------- ------Logging camps and contractors--------Sawmills and planing mills------ ------Mill work, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products_________
Furniture and fixtures________________
Household furniture_____ _________
Other furniture and fixtures------ -----Paper and allied products--------------------Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills---Paperboard containers and boxes-----Chemicals and allied products------------ -Industrial inorganic chemicals______
Industrial organic chemicals________
Synthetic fib ers______________
Drugs and medicines.............. ............
Paints, pigments, and fillers________
Products of petroleum and coal_________
Petroleum refining------------------------Rubber products....................... .............. —
Tires and inner tubes___________ . . .
Rubber footwear _________________
Other rubber products..........................
Leather and leather products____ ______
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.
Footwear (except rubber)....................
Stone, clay, and glass products_________
Glass and glass products___________
Cement, hydraulic— . . . _________
Structural clay products--- -------------Pottery and related products..............
Primary metal industries........ ...................
Blast furnaces, steelworks, and rolling
mills_________________________...
Iron and steel foundries.. ............. —
Gray-iron foundries---- ---- -----Malleable-iron foundries..............
Steel foundries____ ___________
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals:
Primary smelting and refining of
copper, lead, and zinc. ______
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
copper................................... ......
Nonferrous foundries.......... .................
Other primary metal industries:
Iron and steel forgings....................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.6
5.2
3.6
5.1
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.8
4.0
3.2
3.7
4.0
4.4
2.2
3.2
0.8
.7
1.0
0.7
.7
.4
.6
1.0
0.7
.6
.8
0.5
.7
.3
.6
1.1
3.2
1.8
5.2
1.0
4.4
3.8
3.9
3.0
12.4
5.2
2.2
6.1
3.7
2.9
«
3.0
2.5
.9
4.5
1.5
3.8
3.3
3.0
2.3
8.4
5.4
7.8
3.1
5.2
3.4
3.2
0)
1.0
.6
1.5
.4
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.0
.7
«
.2
.8
.5
1.2
.2
.9
1.0
.9
.9
.6
1.1
1.2
1.2
.8
.5
.6
2.1
4.3
4.5
2.7
4.2
3.6
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.0
3.4
1.4
5.4
4.4
1.9
3.0
5.6
2.3
2.3
5.7
1.7
4.4
6.6
3.7
4.6
7.4
4.2
3.3
2.5
2.0
3.7
1.7
.9
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.0
.6
1.3
1.8
.4
.3
1.6
1.1
1.4
2.1
3.3
1.4
3.6
1.3
1.4
.3
.9
1.0
1.8
1.1
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.3
1.0
1.2
.8
.9
.6
.6
1.0
.6
.5
.4
1.0
.8
1.6
1.1
3.2
2.0
3.4
1.3
1.4
.5
2.3
.8
1.0
3.6
4.8
5.0
4.4
3.0
1.9
3.8
2.4
1.5
2.2
1.0
3.1
2.0
1.1
.9
4.7
2.4
2.9
6.8
3.8
4.3
3.7
5.0
5.2
3.5
5.2
4.1
6.0
1.9
1.6
1.4
2.7
1.3
.8
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.3
.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.1
2.8
1.9
2.3
2.4
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.1
2.4
1.0
3.2
1.9
3.3
2.3
12.8
4.5
S. 6
1.5
2.2
2.2
(*)
3.7
.6
.5
.9
.3
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.7
3.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.5
3.0
2.8
0.2
.2
.2
0.1
.2
.1
.2
.3
0.2
.2
.2
0.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
3.4
4.1
2.2
4.1
2.6
2. 5
2.4
1. 5
0.2
.3
.2
0.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
2.7
3.0
2.1
3.0
3.0
3.8
1.4
1.8
0.2
.2
.2
0.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
1.9
.9
3.4
.3
2.8
2.2
2.2
1.3
11.1
3.5
.3
4.1
2.5
1.9
(4)
2.4
1.5
.1
3.2
.8
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.0
7.5
4.1
6.3
1.7
4.4
2.6
2.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
2.4
.7
2.6
2.4
.1
.2
.1
.1
1.4
.2
.2
3.2
2.8
.1
.1
1.1
1.6
1.0
1.0
2.2
.9
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
2.9
4.7
2.3
3.1
4.8
2.9
.2
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
3.3
3.9
4.3
3.1
2.5
1.8
2.7
1.8
1.7
1.5
2.9
.9
1.0
1.3
.9
2.9
1.2
5.1
3.9
3.5
2.8
3.6
4.1
4.1
4.7
4.9
3.0
3.9
.9
.9
.9
.7
.7
.5
1.1
.6
.4
.4
.2
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.6
.4
1.4
.6
1.7
.5
1.9
.5
.5
.4
.6
.7
.3
.7
.7
.8
.6
.6
.4
.8
.4
.4
.2
.2
.6
.3
.2
.3
.5
.2
1.1
.6
1.3
.7
1.4
.5
.5
.4
.6
.5
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.4
1.9
1.1
2.3
1.5
.8
1.6
.7
1.8
.8
.5
.4
3.7
1.8
1.2
5.7
1.5
3.2
1.2
4.1
4.3
2.7
3.9
3.1
5.2
2.3
2.9
3.2
2.3
1.6
1.1
1.5
1.2
.9
1.1
2.5
.1
.5
.6
.3
2.0
.7
3.5
2.8
1.6
1.8
1.6
3.3
3.3
4.0
4.0
2.3
3.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.2
.2
.3
.4
.1
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
6.6
5.7
4.6
6.6
6.4
4.9
2.8
2.3
2.8
3.4
.2
.6
.5
.9
.5
.2
.4
.4
.6
.4
.2
.1
.1
.2
5.9
4.7
3.8
5.3
5.5
4.3
2.1
1.6
1.9
2.7
.5
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
2.4
1.7
.3
.3
.3
.2
1.6
1.0
.2
.2
.9
4.1
.8
1.9
4.4
9.2
2.0
5.6
.2
.7
.2
.5
.1
.3
.1
.2
3.8
7.9
1.5
4.7
.3
.4
.3
.2
1.6
1.2
6.2
4.3
.4
.4
.1
.1
5.5
3.6
.2
.2
«
«
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
(<)
.2
.2
.2
(5)
.3
.3
.3
.3
.1
.2
.4
.2
.1
.1
(')
0)
(5)
.2
.1
(')
(5)
(5)
(!)
(5)
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.3
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
(!)
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
«
(*)
.3
.1
.1
«
.1
.1
.1
.4
,i
.1
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
(*)
«
(5)
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
B : LABOR TURNOVER
447
T able B-2. Labor turnover rates in selected industries 1—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separations
Industry
Total accessions
Jan.
1958
M a n u f a c t u r i n g —Continued
Fabricated metal products (except ord
nance, machinery, and transportation
equipment)....... ............. ......................
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware.......
Cutlery and edge tools......... - ..............
Handtools_____ ______ ______
Hardware_______. . . ____ _____
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers’ supplies___________
Sanitary ware and plumbers’
supplies.......................................
Oil burners, nonelectric heating
and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere classified______________
Fabricated structural metal products.
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving______ ______________
Machinery (except electrical)__________
Engines and tu rb in es.......................
Agricultural machinery and tractors..
Construction and mining m achinery..
Metalworking machinery__________
Machine tools..... ............................
Metalworking machinery (except
machine tools)_______________
Machine-tool accessories...............
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery) ________
General industrial machinery_______
Office and store machines and devices.
Service-industry and household machines_________________________
Miscellaneous machinery parts........
Electrical machinery................. .................
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial app a ra tu s--------------------- -------------Communication equipment.................
Radios, phonographs, television
sets, and equipment___
____
Telephone, telegraph, and related
equipment___ ______________
Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products_______ ______
Transportation equipment....... ..................
Motor vehicles and equipment*..........
Aircraft and parts........................ .......
Aircraft____ ____ _____________
Aircraft engines and parts..............
Aircraft propellers and parts____
Other aircraft parts and equipment___ __________________
Ship and boat building and repairing.
Railroad equipment.................. ...........
Locomotives and parts_________
Railroad and street cars________
Other transportation equipment_____
Instruments and related products_______
Photographic apparatus____________
Watches and clocks_______________
Professional and scientific instruments____ _____________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware..
2.8
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.7
Dec.
1957
Total
Jan.
1958
Quits
Dec.
1957
Jan.
1958
Discharges
Dee.
1957
*
Jan.
1958
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.0
1.8
5.9
5.2
3.5
5.6
5.4
4.1
2.7
2.4
2.4
3.0
0.7
.8
.6
.6
.9
0.6
.7
.7
.5
.8
0.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
3.4
1.9
3.1
3.9
.7
.6
4.1
1.9
2.0
4.0
.6
.6
2.9
2.1
1.8
1.8
4.0
4.1
3.7
3.2
.8
.6
4.3
2.0
2.6
2.5
1.9
1.0
.9
2.3
1.3
1.7
2.2
1.0
.7
.6
10.2
4.2
2.4
2.1
4.1
6.3
8.1
6.1
2.7
1.9
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.3
.6
1.6
.5
1.1
4.9
4.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
.9
1.0
.9
5.7
1.6
2.0
Miscellaneous, in
cluding military
Layoffs
Dec.
1957
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
0.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
4.8
4.0
2.5
4.5
4.0
3.1
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.8
.2
.2
2.0
.3
.3
.9
.6
.6
.2
.2
.2
.2
.8
.6
.5
.5
.6
.5
.4
.6
.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
2.2
2.8
.5
.6
.4
.4
3.8
3.6
3.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
.6
.6
.5
2.5
1.2
1.6
4.8
5.2
4.6
4.6
2.9
3.9
1.7
2.5
1.3
1.7
4.2
4.0
2.6
2.0
1.5
1.2
2.6
3.2
2.8
1.6
1.5
1.9
(4)
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
0.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
0.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
2.9
.2
.2
2.9
.2
.2
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
8.9
3.2
1.4
1.3
3.0
5.3
7.2
5.0
1.9
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.6
.2
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
3.9
3.4
1.5
2.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.4
.5
.5
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
2.8
2.5
2.2
1.4
1.4
1.7
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.8
.6
.9
.5
.5
.8
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
3.6
4.2
3.2
3.8
2.1
2.7
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
2.2
4.6
.8
1.0
.6
1.0
.2
.2
.1
.2
2.8
2.5
1.3
3.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
6.3
6.4
1.3
1.1
.2
.3
4.6
4.8
.1
.2
2.2
1.8
.6
.6
.3
.3
1.1
.7
.2
.2
1.7
2.2
2.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
2.8
5.8
6.2
8.4
3.8
3.1
7.5
(4)
4.6
4.7
5.7
2.7
2.4
3.1
1.1
.7
.7
.5
.9
.9
.8
.7
.7
.6
.7
.8
.6
.6
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
4.5
5.0
7.5
2.6
1.9
6.3
(4)
3.4
3.5
4.2
1.8
1.5
2.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.7
.1
.1
.3
.1
2.4
(4)
5.3
2.3
7.4
2.7
1.0
(4)
1.6
1.6
7.3
3.2
.9
4.2
.8
.9
.5
1.4
5.1
(4)
6.8
3.0
9.5
2.5
2.7
(4)
4.0
4.9
9.2
6.3
3.8
7.4
10.5
2.3
.7
5.5
.9
.3
.2
.3
.2
3.9
7.5
5.5
2.8
6.7
9.6
1.5
.3
4.3
.1
.2
.3
.6
.2
.5
.2
.2
.1
.1
.3
3.7
(4)
5.6
1.8
8.3
1.6
1.8
(4)
2.6
.1
.7
.7
1.2
.3
.4
.3
.7
.6
.3
.6
1.0
4.0
1.8
.8
2.1
.8
2.8
5.5
2.5
2.1
7.0
2.3
.7
.9
.9
.7
.9
.8
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
1.9
4.2
1.0
1.2
5.8
1.3
.9
.2
(4)
2.1
1.5
.7
1.1
.3
1.2
2.6
.7
.5
7.1
9.8
W
2.3
3.5
3.8
3.9
5.8
3.2
3.9
3.5
2.0
1.0
.2
.9
.1
1.0
1.5
.5
.3
.1
(ä)
(4)
(J)
(5)
(*)
(5)
(5)
5.6
8.9
(4)
1.2
3.1
3.3
2.5
5.4
1.1
2.0
2.7
1.6
C)
(4)
1.3
1.6
.9
.6
(4)
(4)
(«)
(4)
(4)
.5
.6
.4
.7
.6
(4)
(4)
(J)
(4)
.2
.4
.1
.2
(5)
(4)
(4)
(4)
.5
.6
.4
.1
.1
(5)
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.3
.4
.1
.2
.1
.4
.6
.4
.2
.8
.3
.3
.1
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
Metal mining............................................. .
Iron mining______________________
Copper mining............................ .........
Lead and zinc mining..... ....................
Anthracite m ining....................................
Bituminous-coal mining..............................
Communication:
Telephone_______________________
Telegraph •............. ..............................
(4)
«
.8
.7
i See footnote 1 and Note, table B -l.
i For definition, see footnote 3, table A-2.
• For definition, see footnote 4, table A-2, except that the labor turnover
series excludes the printing, publishing, and allied industries group, and the
following industries: canning and preserving; women’s, misses’, and children's
outerwear; and fertilizer.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(4)
(4)
(4)
.6
.1
.2
.1
(5)
.2
.1
.1
(4)
(4)
.3
.7
(4)
.5
.4
.2
(4)
(4)
• Not available.
• Less than 0.05.
• Data relate to domestic employees except messengers.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles.” Data not affected.
Bouses: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
.1
.3
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
448
C.—Earnings and Hoars
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Year and month
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkiy. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Mining
Coal
Mutai
$86.83
98.98
98.05
97.29
97.23
97.10
97. 58
98.81
100. 28
101.35
102. 84
98.31
96. 53
97. 51
96.04
42.1 $2.30 $96. 71
40.9
2.42 104.01
2.34 100. 90
41.9
41.4
2.35 99.31
41.2
2.36 99, 45
40.8
2.38 96.26
41.0
2.38 99.58
2.41
103.06
41.0
40.6
2. 47 109. 61
41.2
2.46 111.76
2. 49 114. 78
41.3
2. 47 106.23
39.8
39.4
2. 45 100.34
2. 45 97.46
39.8
39.2
2. 45 94. 85
Mining—Continued
Petroleum and nat
ural-gas produc
tion (except con
tract services)
1958: Average_____
1957: Average...........
January_____
February........
M arch___ . . . .
April_______
M ay________
Ju n e ________
Ju ly ................
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December.......
1958: January...........
$101.68
106.49
104.83
101.91
101.25
100. 75
104. 23
109.18
110.00
106. 52
113. 28
106. 92
109. 34
111. 64
111. 24
41.0
40.8
41.6
40.6
40.6
40.3
40.4
41.2
41.2
40.5
41.8
40.5
40.8
41.5
41.2
1956: Average_____
1957: Average...........
January_____
February____
M arch______
April............. .
M ay________
Tune_______ _
Ju ly ................
August______
September___
October_____
November___
December___
36.4 $2.80
$101.92
36.1
2.97
107.22
34.1
2.92
99.57
36.3
2.91
105.63
104. 76 36.0
2.91
2.92
105. 70 36.2
36.4
2.94
107.02
2.94
108. 49 36.9
36.8
2.96
108.93
110. 48 37. 2 2. 97
3.02
111. 14 36.8
110. 53 36.6
3.02
34.4
104.23
3.03
3.05
106. 45 34.9
3.07
108. 37 35.3
Building construc
tion—Con.
Special-trade con
tractors—Continued
Other special-trade
contractors
35.8
1656: Average.......... $102.39
35.2
1957: Average......... 106.30
January_____ 95.93
32.3
35.1
February........ 104.25
March______ 103. 49 35.2
35.4
April............... 105.14
M ay________ 107.04
35.8
June________ 108. 84 36.4
July................. 108.60
36.2
August—......... 110. 60 36.5
September___ 110.88 36.0
October_____ 110.00
35.6
November___ 104.13
33.7
33.2
December....... 102.92
33. 7
1958: January_____ 105.48
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2. 43 $100.28
2.62 98.23
2. 51 99.68
2.54 98.37
2.55 98. 94
2.56 99.83
2.56 99.17
2.57 98.88
2. 68 98.00
2.68 97.20
2. 72 93. 60
2.71 92.20
2.69 96.32
2. 67 98.66
2. 71 98. 57
43.6
41.1
42.6
42.4
42.1
42.3
42.2
41.2
40.0
40.0
39.0
38.1
39.8
40.6
40.9
$2.30 $89. 24
2.39 89.19
2.34 89.44
2.32 88. 78
2. 35 90.25
2.36 91.10
2.35 90.03
2.40 89.60
2. 45 87. 85
2. 43 88. 75
2. 40 89.60
2. 42 88.10
2.42 87.08
2. 43 91.52
2.41 86.43
33.2
41.7 $2.14 $87.65
31.7
41.1
2.17 93.20
2.15 105. 55 35.9
41.6
2.16 95. 36 32.0
41.1
27.8
41.4
2.18 79.79
31.1
41.6
2.19 92.06
30.8
41.3
2.18 88.70
2.18 100. 50 34.3
41.1
33.1
2.18 95.33
40.3
31.3
2.17 91.08
40.9
35.3
2.18 105.19
41.1
31.5
2.17 93.87
40.6
28.9
2.15 84.68
40.5
26.5
41.6
2.20 77. 91
30.4
40.2
2.15 89.98
Contract construction
Bituminous
$2.64 $106.22
2. 94 110. 53
2. 94 110.63
2.98 112. 51
2. 87 109. 58
2. 96 111. 74
2.88 107. 76
2.93 114.68
2.88 112.17
2. 91 110. 96
2. 98 112.91
2. 98 110.66
2.93 102.18
2. 94 107. 92
2.96 103.97
37.8
36.6
37.5
38.4
37.4
37.0
35.8
37.6
36.3
36.5
36.9
36.4
33.5
35.5
34. 2
$2.81
3.02
2.95
2.93
2. 93
3.02
3.01
3.05
3.09
3.04
3.06
3.04
3.05
3.04
3.04
Nonbuilding construction
Nonmetallic mining
and quarrying
$2.48 $85.63
2.61 87.60
2. 52 82.32
2.51 84.05
2. 50 84.63
2.50 84.87
2. 68 87.71
2.65 90.45
2.67 90. 70
2.63 92. 57
2. 71 92. 25
2.64 91.19
2.68 86.90
2. 69 86.31
2.70 84. 65
Total: Building
construction
39.8
39.7
40.2
39.1
39.0
37.6
38.9
40.1
40.9
41.7
42.2
39.2
37.3
36.5
35.0
Anthracite
Lead and zinc
Copper
Iron
Total: Metal
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
January..........
February____
M arch______
April..............M ay________
June...... ..........
July— ............
August______
September___
O ctober..........
November___
December.......
1958: January_____
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
44.6
43.8
42.0
43.1
43.4
43.3
44.3
45.0
44.9
45.6
45.0
44.7
42.6
42.1
41.7
$1.92 $101.83
2.00 106.64
1.96 98.55
1.95 104. 80
1.95 104.23
1.96 104.88
1.98 106.39
2.01 108.11
2.02 109.15
2.03 111. 07
2.05 110. 84
2.04 110.25
2.04 103.30
2.05 105.44
2. 03 107. 04
General contractors
$95.04
98.89
89.76
98.19
95.93
97.46
99.00
100.65
102.03
103. 79
102.65
102.65
95.37
97. 76
100.16
36.0
35.7
33.0
36.1
35.4
35.7
36.0
36.6
36.7
37.2
36.4
36.4
33.7
34.3
34.9
Total: Contract
construction
Highway and street
41.9
40.8 $2.49 $97.63
37.3 $2. 73 $101.59
40.6
2.64 98.66
39.8
2.89 105.07
36.9
36.8
2. 55 83.90
2.84 94. 86 37.2
34.7
40.3
2.56 93.09
39.6
2.84 101.38
36.9
39.9
2.55 91.77
39.4
2.84 100.47
36.7
39.9
2.58 93.37
39.1
2.85 100.88
36.8
40.1
2.61 96.64
39.8
2.86 103.88
37.2
41.7
2.62 101.33
40.7
2.86 106.63
37.8
43.5
2.65 107.01
41.8
37.9
2.88 110.77
43.8
2.67 109.06
42.1
2.90 112.41
38.3
41.6
2. 70 104.00
40.8
2. 94 110.16
37.7
41.5
2.69 103.34
40.6
2.94 109.21
37.5
2.70 89. 41 36.2
2.96 98. 82 36.6
34.9
37.2
2.70 91.14
2. 97 102. 33 37.9
35.5
2. 68 92. 83 38.2
38.1
2. 99 102.11
35.8
Building construction
Special-trade contractors
Total : Special-trade
contractors
$2.64 $107.16
2. 77 112.84
2. 72 106.45
2. 72 111.33
2. 71 110.96
2.73 111. 33
2. 75 112.61
2. 75 114.58
2.78 113.34
2. 79 115.63
2.82 116. 55
2.82 115.97
2.83 109. 97
2. 85 111.90
2.87 113. 60
Total: Nonbuilding
construction
36.7
36.4
34.9
36.5
36.5
36.5
36.8
37.2
36.8
37.3
37.0
36.7
34.8
35.3
35.5
Plumbing and
heating
$2.92 $112.31
3.10 118. 87
3.05 115.67
3.05 116.89
3.04 116.97
3.05 116.97
3.06 117. 73
3.08 119. 42
3.08 116. 80
3.10 120. 74
3.15 123. 77
3.16 122.11
3.16 116.44
3.17 121. 86
3.20 122.62
38.2
38.1
37.8
38.2
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.4
37.8
38.7
38.8
38.4
36.5
38.2
38.2
$2.33 $104.94
2.43 no. is
2.28 101. 73
2.31 106.50
2.30 106.35
2. 34 106. 54
2.41 109. 93
2.43 111.32
2. 46 114.05
2.49 115.30
2. 50 115.89
2.49 114. 23
2.47 106. 56
2. 45 110.11
2. 43 107. 82
Painting and
decorating
$2.94 $100.10
3.12 104.10
3.06 97.28
3.06 99. 57
3.07 102.31
3.07 102.31
3.09 104.14
3.11 105. 55
3.09 105.95
3.12 107. 76
3.19 107. 57
3.18 105.79
3.19 102.20
3.19 102. 23
3.21 104.52
35.0
34.7
33.2
34.1
34.8
34.8
35.3
35.3
35.2
35.8
35.5
34.8
33.4
33.3
33.5
Other nonbuilding
construction
39.9
39.2
37.4
39.3
39.1
38.6
39.4
39.9
40.3
40.6
40.1
39.8
37.0
38.5
38.1
$2.63
2.81
2. 72
2.71
2.72
2. 76
2. 79
2.79
2.83
2. 84
2.89
2.87
2.88
2.86
2.83
Electrical work
$2.86 $125.61
3.00 132.10
2.93 127. 65
2.92 130. 75
2.94 131. 26
2.94 130.48
2.95 131. 66
2.99 134.06
3.01 132.83
3.01 132. 50
3.03 134.30
3.04 135.49
3.06 128. 25
3. 07 134. 75
3.12 131. 29
39.5
39.2
38.8
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.9
39.3
39.2
39.5
39.5
37.5
39.4
38.5
$3.18
3.37
3.29
3.31
3.34
3.32
3.35
3.36
8.38
3.38
3.40
3.43
3.42
3.42
3. 41
Manufacturing
Total: M anu
facturing
$2.86 $79.99
3.02 82. 39
2.97 82.41
2.97 82 41
2.94 82. 21
2.97 81.59
2.99 81.78
2. 99 82.80
3.00 82.18
3.03 82. 80
3.08 82.99
3.09 82.56
3.09 82.92
3.10 82. 74
3.13 81.06
40.4
39.8
40.2
40.2
40.1
39.8
39.7
40.0
39.7
40.0
39.9
39.5
39.3
39.4
38.6
Durable goods
$1.98 $86.31
2.07 88.66
2.05 89.16
2.05 88. 75
2.05 88.94
2.05 88.29
2.06 87.85
2.07 88.70
2.07 88.00
2.07 89.06
2.08 89.24
2.09 88. 75
2.11 88. 93
2.10 88.93
2.10 87.14
41.1
40.3
40.9
40.9
40.8
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.2
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
Nondurable goods *
$2.10 $71.10
2.20 74.09
2.18 72.73
2.17 73.10
2.18 73.12
2.18 72. 74
2.18 73.13
2.19 74.09
2.20 74.47
2. 21 74. 26
2. 22 75.24
2.23 74.10
2.24 74.50
2.24 74.88
2.24 73. 54
39.5
39.2
39.1
39.3
39.1
38.9
38.9
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.3
Total: Ordnance
and accessories
$1.80 $91.54
1.89 95.06
1.86 95.76
1.86 96.18
1.87 95.68
1.87 95.63
1.88 94.02
1.89 94.83
1.89 93.60
1.88 93.83
1.90 95.04
1.90 94. 96
1.92 96.00
1.92 98.74
1.92 100. 77
Food and kindred
products
Total: Food and
kindred products *
41.8 $2.19 $75.03
40.8
2.33 78.17
42.0
2.28 77.18
2.29 77.39
42.0
2.3( 76. 81
41.6
41.4
2.31 77.20
40.7
2.31 78.38
2.33 78.94
40.7
40.0
2.34 79.27
2.34 77.71
40.1
2.37 79.10
40.1
39.9
2.38 77. 99
40.0
2.40 79.18
2. 42 80.18
40.8
41. 3 2.44 80.2(1
41.0 ! $ 1 .83
1.93
40.5
1.92
40.2
1.93
40.1
1.93
39.8
1.93
40.0
1.94
40.4
40.9
1.93
41.5
1.91
40.9
1.90
41.2
1.92
1.94
40.2
40.4
1.96
1.97
40.7
2.00
40.1
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
449
Table C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Year and month
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
M anufacturing—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Meat products * »
1956: Average_____ $84.03
1957: Average-------- 87.08
January_____ 87.10
February____ 85. 57
March............. 83. 71
A p ril_______ 84.99
M ay_______
86.28
June__ _____
87.13
July-----------87. 31
August___ . . . 85. 22
September___ 89.60
October_____
89.13
November . . . 90. 83
December___ 89. 32
1958: Jan u ary ......... 88. 53
41.6
40.5
40.7
39.8
39.3
39.9
40.7
41.1
40.8
40.2
41.1
40.7
41.1
40.6
39.7
$2.02 $92.00
2.15 96. 64
2.14 97. 25
2.15 94. 71
2.13 92. 52
2.13 93.15
2.12 95.17
2.12 95.87
2.14 95.76
2.12 94.19
2.18 100.08
2.19 99.29
2. 21 101. 82
2.20 99.12
2.23 98. 74
Canning and
preserving 5
1956: Average_____ $62.02
1957: Average-------- 63. 41
January_____ 61.99
February------ 61.78
M arch_____
61.59
62.83
April_______
M ay________ 62.75
Ju n e ._______ 61.18
Ju ly ------------- 64.17
65.93
August____
September___ 66.01
O c to b e r.___
62.65
November___ 60. 26
December___ 63.84
1958: J a n u a r y ..___ 64.67
39.5
38.9
37.8
37.9
37.1
37.4
37.8
38.0
41.4
40.7
41.0
38.2
37.2
38.0
37.6
40.6
40.3
39.8
40.0
39.8
40.2
40.4
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.3
40.0
40.0
40.1
39.8
1956: Average_____ $61.85
1957: Average_____ 64. 48
January_____ 62.09
February____ 63.84
64.32
M arch______
A p ril_______ 63.60
M a y ..______ 63. 57
June________ 65.85
July............... . 64.22
August______ 65. 77
September___ 66. 67
O c to b e r.___
64.15
November.___ 64.15
December___ 64.08
1958: January____
64.78
39.9
39.8
39.3
39.9
40.2
39.5
39.0
40.4
39.4
40.6
40.9
39.6
39.6
39.8
39.5
8ee footnote* at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
30.7
30.7
29.7
27.4
30,9
31.4
31.1
32.0
33.6
30.2
33.6
29.8
26.6
28.5
30.3
40.7
40.5
40.1
40.3
40.1
40.5
40.6
40.9
40.9
40.7
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.6
39.0
39.6
40.0
39.2
38.7
40.2
39.0
40.5
40.8
39.3
39.3
39.6
39.6
Dairy products ‘
$2.05 $74. 47
2.19 77. 46
2.12 75.66
2.13 75.06
2.13 76.02
2.15 75.84
2.17 77.53
2.18 78.87
2.19 80.85
2.18 77. 83
2. 21 78. 91
2.24 77.38
2. 26 77.00
2.26 78.96
2. 27 79.61
41.5
40. 6
40.1
39.8
39.3
40.5
41.0
41.8
41.6
40,7
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.7
40.3
C a n n e d f r u i t s , vegeta b le s , a n d s o u p s
$1.65 $65.99
1. 70 66.66
1.70 65.18
1.69 65.63
1.72 65.66
1.71 66. 47
1. 73 66.64
1.57 64.08
1.63 67.32
1.70 69.14
1.73 68.30
1.70 65.90
1.77 63. 73
1. 77 67. 37
1.83 68.29
41.5
40.4
38.8
39.3
38.4
38.2
39.2
38.6
44.0
41.9
41.9
39.7
39.1
39.4
38.8
40.0
39.5
38.7
38.9
38.8
39.0
39.6
40.9
41.6
40.1
39.6
39.0
39.0
39.3
39.6
$1. 59 $80.97
1.65 85.50
1.68 83.38
1. 67 82.60
1.71 82. 03
1.74 82.22
1. 70 83.61
1.66 83.66
1.53 86.72
1.65 87. 56
1.65 90. 74
1.66 88.24
1.63 85. 85
1.71 87.67
1.76 88.94
$1.50 $85.41
1. 57 88.18
1.53 84.67
1.56 85. 72
1.56 86.29
1. 67 87.16
1.58 88. 62
1.59 91.35
1.58 92.74
1. 58 89.95
1.59 89. 42
1.58 87. 47
1.57 86. 80
1.56 88.70
1. 60 87.42
40.1
39.9
39.2
39.5
39.4
39.8
40.1
40.6
41.4
40.7
40.1
39.4
39.1
39.6
39.2
43.3
43.4
43.2
42.8
42.5
42.6
43.1
43.8
44.7
44.0
44.7
43.9
42.5
43.4
43.6
43.0
43.4
39.4
40.6
40.8
39.4
40.2
43.4
42.0
39.1
41.8
41.7
49.8
50.2
44.3
41.2
41.5
40.5
40.7
40.6
41.0
41.5
42.5
43.7
42.5
42.2
40.5
40.1
40.7
40.3
43.9
42.5
43.4
42.6
42.9
42.7
43.3
43.2
43.6
42.7
43.0
41.5
41.1
41.5
41.4
43.9
43.9
45.5
44.1
43.3
43.1
43.4
43.3
44.3
44.0
45.5
44.0
43.3
44.3
44.5
41.8
41.9
41.1
39.7
40.9
40.2
41.6
45.3
43.4
41.3
41.8
42.3
41.0
42.3
41.8
M a l t liq u o r s
$1. 57 $103.08
1.62 107.44
1. 58 102.18
1.58 103.49
1.60 103.74
1.59 105. 86
1.62 108.13
1.67 111.35
1.66 112. 74
1.63 109.73
1.64 108. 08
1.62 106.15
1. 63 105. 49
1.66 109.30
1.64 106. 59
39.8
39.5
39.0
39.2
39.0
39.5
39.9
40.2
40.7
39.9
39.3
38.6
38.5
39.6
38.9
42.1
41.9
40.7
41.4
41.4
41.5
42.8
42.8
43.8
41.8
41.6
41.5
40.9
41.7
42.1
$1.84
1.95
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.93
l. 96
1.97
1.95
1.98
1.99
1.99
1.98
2.00
P re p a re d fe e d s
$1.93 $76.83
2.02 79. 97
2.00 79.17
1.98 77.47
1.96 77.29
1.97 79.06
1.97 79.17
1.99 80.10
2.02 81.99
2.05 81.35
2. 09 82.40
2.06 82.21
2.07 80. 33
2.06 82.84
2.08 84.42
C a n e -s u g a r r e fin in g
$1.86 $86.94
1.94 92.18
2.00 88. 78
2.01 85.75
2.04 88. 75
2.06 87.64
2.08 91.10
2.13 102.38
2.09 96. 78
2.07 90.86
2.06 92. 80
1.89 93.91
1.76 91.84
1.80 94. 33
1.95 94.47
I c e c r e a m a n d ic e s
$1.73 $77. 46
1.85 81.71
1.80 77.33
1.80 78. 66
1.83 79.07
1.83 79.27
1.83 82.60
1.85 83.89
1.85 86.29
1. 84 81. 51
1.87 82. 37
1.87 82.59
1.89 81.39
1.92 82. 57
1.94 84.20
F l o u r a n d o th e r
g r a in -m ill p r o d u c ts
$1.87 $84. 73
1.97 88.68
1.93 91.00
1.93 87.32
1.93 84.87
1.93 84.91
1.94 85.50
1.91 86.17
1.94 89.49
1.99 90.20
2. 03 95.10
2. 01 90. 64
2. 02 89.63
2. 02 91.26
2.04 92.56
B o t t le d s o f t d r i n k s
$2.13 $64.68
2. 21 67.23
2.16 63.99
2.17 64.31
2.19 64.96
2.19 65.19
2. 21 67.23
2.25 70.98
2.24 72.54
2. 21 69.28
2.23 69. 21
2.22 65.61
2.22 65. 36
2.24 67.56
2.23 66.09
C ondensed a n d
e v a p o r a te d m i l k
$1.74 $75. 95
1.84 78.63
1.81 78.12
1.80 76.68
1.81 78. 51
1.81 78.14
1.82 79.24
1.83 79.92
1.85 80.66
1.84 78. 57
1.87 80.41
1.86 77.61
1.86 77. 68
1.88 79. 68
1.90 80. 32
Sugar »
$1.65 $79.98
1. 73 84.20
1. 71 78. 80
1.71 81.61
1.70 83.23
1.71 81.16
1.71 83.62
1.72 92.44
1.73 87.78
1.73 80.94
1.72 86.11
1. 76 78. 81
1.80 87.65
1.81 90. 36
1.80 86.39
Beverages *
42.3
42.1
41.8
41.7
42.0
41.9
42.6
43.1
43.7
42.3
42.2
41.6
41.4
42.0
41.9
Grain-mill products5
B is c u its , crackers,
a n d p r e tz e ls
$1.84 $66.00
1.92 68. 34
1.87 66.18
1. 88 66. 52
1.88 65.96
1.89 66.69
1.91 67. 72
1.92 70. 35
1.93 71.97
1. 92 69.37
1.94 68.11
1.95 68.64
1.97 70.20
1.96 71.13
1.96 71.28
C o n fe c tio n e r y
$1.55 $59.70
1.62 62.17
1.58 59. 67
1.60 61.78
1.60 62.40
1.61 61. 54
1.63 61.15
1.63 63.92
1.63 61.62
1.62 63.99
1.63 64. 87
1.62 62.09
1.62 61.70
1.61 61.78
1.64 63.36
S ausages a nd
c a s in g s
$2.18 $85.08
2. 34 88. 91
2.31 85.01
2.31 84. 77
2.29 83. 71
2.30 87.08
2.31 88.97
2.31 91.12
2.33 91.10
2. 32 88.73
2. 40 89.95
2.41 90.72
2.43 92. 89
2.40 91.98
2.42 91.48
B r e a d a n d o th er
b a k e ry p r o d u c ts
$1.80 $74.89
1.88 77. 76
1.84 74.99
1.85 75.76
1.84 75.39
1.85 76. 55
1.87 77.55
1.88 78.53
1.89 78.94
1.88 78.14
1.90 78. 57
1.91 78.59
1.94 79.19
1. 93 78. 99
1.93 78.01
Confectionery and
related products 5
42.2
41.3
42.1
41.0
40.4
40.5
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.6
41.7
41.2
41.9
41.3
40.8
S e a fo o d , c a n n e d a n d
cu red
$1. 57 $50.66
1.63 52.19
1.64 50. 49
1.63 46.31
1.66 53.15
1.68 53.69
1.66 53.80
1.61 50.24
1.55 54.77
1.62 51.34
1.61 58.13
1.64 50.66
1.62 47.08
1.68 50.45
1.72 55.45
Bakery products 1
1956: Average_____ $73. 08
1957: Average........... 75. 76
January_____ 73.23
February........ 74.00
73.23
March______
74.37
April...........
M ay________ 75.55
June________ 76.89
July....... .......... 77.49
August______ 76.33
September__
76. 57
October_____ 76.40
November___ 77.60
December___
77. 39
1958: January......... . 76.81
M e a t p a c k i n g , w h o le s a le
43.9
43.7
43.5
42.8
42.7
43.2
43.5
44.5
45.3
44.7
44.3
44.2
42.5
43.6
44.2
$1.75
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.81
3.83
3.82
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.86
1.86
1.89
1.90
1.91
B ee t sugar
$2.08 $78.12
2. 20 79.42
2.16 71.23
2.16 83.07
2.17 79.98
2.18 78.39
2.19 74.40
2.26 81.61
2.23 79.79
2.20 70.60
2. 22 83.95
2.22 72.80
2.24 86. 91
2.23 91.45
2.26 86.00
43.4
42.7
37.1
42.6
39.4
39.0
37.2
40.2
40. 3
35.3
42.4
41.6
49.1
49.7
45.5
$1.80
1.86
1,92
1.95
2,03
2.01
2.00
2 03
1 98
2.00
1, 98
1. 75
1. 77
1. 84
1. 89
D i s t il l e d , r e c tifie d , a n d
b le n d e d liq u o r s
$2.59 $81.90
2.72 84.20
2.62 80.59
2.64 84.42
2.66 83.76
2.68 85.09
2.71 83. 54
2. 77 84.42
2.77 86.02
2. 75 85.69
2.75 84.52
2. 75 84.97
2.74 86.19
2.76 83.22
2.74 85.79
39.0
38.1
36.8
38.2
37.9
38.5
37.8
38.2
39.1
38.6
37.9
38.8
39.0
38.0
38.3
$2.10
2.21
2.19
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.21
2.20
2.22
2.23
2.19
2.21
2.19
2.24
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
450
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn- hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
ings
ings
Year and month
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
M anuíacturlng—Continued
Tobacco manufactures
Food and kindred products—Continued
Miscellaneous food
products #
1956: Average........... $72.92
1957: Average........... 76.86
January_____ 75. 62
February____ 77.00
March______
75.03
April............... 74.85
M ay________
74.30
June....... ........ 76. 36
Ju ly ................ 77.79
August............ 78. 06
September___ 78. 88
October_____
77.49
November___ 77. 71
December___
78.69
1958: January_____ 79.30
41.2
41.1
41.1
41.4
41.0
40.9
40.6
41.5
41.6
41.3
41.3
41.0
40.9
41.2
41.3
C orn s ir u p , sug a r,
o il, a n d s ta r c h
$1.77 $86. 53
1.87 91.49
1.84 89. 44
1.86 87. 53
1.83 87.10
1.83 86.88
1.83 88.80
1.84 90.69
1.87 95. 37
1.89 96.02
1.91 94.62
1.89 95.26
1.90 93. 89
1.91 92.21
1.92 93.38
41.4
41.4
41.6
40.9
40.7
40.6
41.3
41.6
42.2
42.3
41.5
41.6
41.0
40.8
41.5
M a n u f a c t u r e d ice
$2.09 $69.71
2. 21 73.59
2.15 71.97
2.14 73. 55
2.14 72. 58
2.14 73.02
2.15 72.90
2.18 72.70
2.26 74.49
2. 27 73. 54
2.28 74.09
2.29 71.81
2. 29 74.12
2. 26 75.10
2. 25 74. 76
44.4
44.6
44.7
45.4
44.8
44.8
45.0
44.6
45.7
44.3
44.1
43.0
43.6
44.7
44.5
Total: Tobacco
manufactures
$1.57 $56.41
1.65 58.91
1.61 57. 81
1.62 57. 37
1.62 57. 99
1.63 57.04
1.62 61.78
1.63 60.99
1.63 63. 76
1.66 57. 22
1.68 58.11
1.67 56.30
1.70 58.13
1.68 60. 61
1.68 61.15
1956: Average_____ $57.13
1957: Average....... .
60. 75
January....... ... 58.30
February____ 57. 56
March______
57.92
April............... 57.83
M ay________
59.98
June________ 61.94
July.......... ...... 62.16
A ugust........... 62.48
September___ 61.61
October_____
60.47
November___ 61.38
December___
62.32
1958: January_____ 62.63
37.1
37.5
36.9
36.2
36.2
35.7
36.8
38.0
37.9
38.1
37.8
37.1
37.2
38.0
37.5
39.5
39.2
39.9
39.5
39.1
39.0
39.2
38.9
38.9
39.5
39.7
39.8
38.6
39.1
38.4
$1.35 $56. 28
1.41 56.70
1.41 57.57
1.40 56. 70
1.41 56. 55
1.40 56.26
1.40 55.97
1.40 56.41
1.41 56.26
1.42 56. 99
1.41 57. 52
1.42 57.67
1.41 56.94
1.42 57.28
1.41 54.67
Narrow fabrics
and small wares
1956: Average_____ $58. 51
1957: Average_____ 60.80
January_____ 60.80
February____ 60. 40
March______
60.70
April............... 60.10
M ay________
60.10
June________ 61. 40
Ju ly ................ 61.51
August______ 60.80
September___ 61.97
October_____ 61.14
November___ 60.14
December___
60. 74
1958: January_____ 59.67
39.8
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.8
39.8
40.4
40.2
40.0
40.5
39.7
38.8
39.7
39.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
39.2
37.6
38.1
38.7
36.9
37.0
38.6
37.6
38.3
37.9
40.9
38.3
33.5
39.6
39.7
40.2
39.1
39.7
39.1
39.0
38.8
38.6
38.9
38.8
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.0
39.5
37.7
Total: Textilemill products
$1.20 $57. 57
1. 26 58. 35
1.25 58. 65
1. 27 58.80
1.34 58.35
1.45 57. 90
1.46 57.60
1.45 58.35
1.44 67.90
1.20 58.65
1.17 59.04
1.18 59.04
1.24 58.29
1.29 58.35
1.29 56.25
üroaa-woven
fabric mills *
T h rea d m ilk
1956: Average_____ $53.33
1957: Average........... 55. 27
January_____ 56.26
February____ 55.30
M arch______
55.13
April............... 54. 60
M ay................. 64.88
June...............- 54. 46
July................. 54. 85
A u g u st-......... 56.09
September___ 55.98
October........... 56.52
November___ 54. 43
December___
55. 52
1958: January.
54.14
Tobacco stemming
and redrying
$1. 54 $47.04
1.62 47.38
1. 58 47.63
1.59 49.15
1.60 49.45
1.62 53. 65
1.63 56. 36
1.63 54. 52
1.64 55.15
1.64 45. 48
1.63 47. 85
1.63 45.19
1. 65 41.54
1.64 51.08
1.67 51.21
$1.45 $70.88
1. 53 73. 78
1. 49 75.17
1.49 71.06
1.53 71.28
1. 55 67.88
1. 58 77.19
1.58 74.59
1.61 81.16
1.49 72.29
1.46 72. 62
1.47 68.98
1.55 72.74
1.55 75.20
1.56 76.48
40.5
40.1
41.3
39.7
39.6
37.5
41.5
40.1
43.4
39.5
39.9
37.9
38.9
40.0
40.9
39.7
38.9
39.1
39.2
38.9
38.6
38.4
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.1
39.1
38.6
38.9
37.5
Scouring and
combing plants
$1.45 $66. 56
1.50 64.40
1.50 65.19
1. 50 65.83
1. 50 62.65
1.50 64.72
1.50 65.92
1. 50 68.20
1.50 69.47
1.50 62.81
1. 51 64.08
1.51 59. 84
1.51 60.70
1.50 63.12
1.50 61.23
41.6
40.0
41.0
41.4
39.4
40.2
41.2
42.1
42.1
39.5
40.3
37.4
37.7
39.7
39.0
Yam and
thread mills *
$1.60 $52. 53
1.61 52.72
1.59 54.10
1.59 53.82
1. 59 62. 99
1.61 52.44
1.60 52.68
1.62 52.85
1.65 53.10
1.59 52.61
1.59 52. 58
1.60 52.82
1.61 51.99
1.59 52.30
1.57 50.09
37.5
37.5
37.3
37.7
37.0
36.3
37.3
37.6
36.2
37.8
38.8
38.9
38.5
38.1
37.4
$1.27
1. 33
1.29
1.30
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.34
1.34
Y a r n m ills
$1.34 $52. 53
1.38 53.10
1.38 54.49
1. 38 54. 21
1.38 52. 99
1.38 52.68
1.39 52. 54
1.38 53.24
1.39 53.10
1.37 52. 61
1.38 52.44
1. 39 52.54
1.39 51.85
1.38 52.16
1.38 49.82
39.2
38.2
39.2
39.0
38.4
37.9
37.8
38.3
38.2
38.4
38.0
37.8
37.3
37.8
36.1
$1.34
1.39
1. 39
1.39
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.37
1.38
1.39
1. 39
1.38
1.38
40.0 $1.35 $65.31
1.42 65. 28
38.9
39.8
1.41 65. 44
39.0
1.41 66.49
1.41 65.92
38.8
38.6
1.41 65. 44
1.41 66. 72
38.1
1.41 67.20
38.3
38.2
1. 41 66. 56
38.9
1.41 65.67
1.42 66.24
39.0
39.6
1.43 62.65
1.43 60. 58
39.3
39.6
1.42 62. 49
37.6
1.41 60.74
41.6
40.8
40.9
41.3
41.2
40.9
41.7
42.0
41.6
41.3
41.4
39.4
38.1
39.3
38.2
$1.57
1.60
1.60
1.61
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.60
1.59
1.59
1. 59
1.59
39.2
38.2
39.2
39.0
38.4
38.0
37.9
38.3
38.2
38.4
38.1
38.0
37.4
37.9
36.3
United States
39.9
38.8
39.5
38.8
38.7
38.5
38.1
38.4
38.3
39.0
39.1
39.5
39.1
39.5
37.7
North
$1.37 $58.46
1.43 58. 91
1.43 57.00
1.42 56.47
1.43 57. 61
1. 43 57. 46
1.42 57. 61
1.43 59.67
1.43 59.98
1.43 60. 74
1. 44 60. 83
1.44 59. 36
1.44 57.68
1.43 59.58
1.43 58.06
39.5
38.5
37.5
37.4
37.9
37.8
37.9
39.0
39.2
39.7
39.5
38.8
37.7
39.2
38.2
South
$1.48 $54.00
1.53 55. 24
1. 52 56.12
1.51 54.99
1. 52 54.71
1. 52 54. 43
1.52 53.72
1.53 54.00
1.53 53.86
1.53 54.85
1.54 55.38
1.53 56.63
1. 53 56.20
1.52 56.23
1.52 53.02
F u l l - f a s h io n e d h o s ie r y
37.8
37.3
36.8
37.3
37.2
37.0
36.8
37.3
37.2
37.9
37.9
37.8
37.3
37.1
35.7
$1. 75 $47. 63
1.84 49. 88
1. 82 48.12
1.79 49.01
1.80 48.10
1. 48 47. 55
1.86 48. 86
1.86 49. 63
1.87 47. 78
1.83 50.27
1. 82 52. 38
1.82 52. 90
1.87 52. 75
1.88 51.05
1.87 50.12
C o tto n , s i l k , s y n t h e t i c fib e r
$1.40 $54. 66
1.45 55. 48
1.45 56. 49
1.45 55.10
1.45 55.34
1.45 55.06
1.45 54.10
1.45 54.91
1.45 54. 77
1.45 55. 77
1. 46 56.30
1.46 56.88
1.46 56.30
1.45 56. 49
1.45 53.91
Knitting mills *
$1.47 $53. 68
1.52 54. 46
1. 52 53.36
1.51 54.09
1. 51 54.31
1.51 53.65
1. 51 53. 73
1.52 54. 46
1.53 53. 94
1.52 55.33
1.53 55.71
1.54 55.19
1. 55 54. 46
1.53 54.17
1.53 52.48
Cigars
Textile-mill products
Tobacco manufactures—Continued
Tobacco and snufl
38.9
38.5
38.8
38.5
37.9
36.8
39.1
38.6
39.6
38.4
39.8
38.3
37.5
39.1
39.2
Cigarettes
United States
$1.42 $58.98
1. 46 57. 51
1. 45 59.59
1. 45 59. 59
1. 46 59. 75
1. 45 57.97
1.46 55.80
1.46 54. 56
1.45 54.10
1.46 55.90
1.47 56.06
1.46 58.28
1.46 58. 83
1.46 58.83
1.47 56.83
38.3
37.1
38.2
38.2
38.3
37.4
36.0
35.2
34.9
36.3
36.4
37.6
38.2
38.2
36.9
$1. 54 $58.98
1.55 59. 99
1. 56 58. 75
1.56 58.60
1. 56 59.06
1. 55 56.62
1.55 57. 60
1.55 58.06
1.55 58.37
1.54 59. 21
1. 54 61.23
1.55 62.09
1.54 62. 64
1.54 59. 90
1.54 58.30
North
38.8
38.7
37.9
38.3
38.6
38.0
37.4
37.7
37.9
38.2
39.0
39.3
39.9
38.4
36.9
S e a m le s s h o s ie r y
South
$1. 52 $59.06
1.55 56. 58
1. 55 59. 75
1.53 59. 82
1. 53 59.82
1.49 58.40
1. 54 55.22
1.54 53. 20
1.54 52.08
1.55 54.67
1.57 54. 01
1.58 56.46
1. 57 57.22
1.56 58.29
1.58 56.46
38.1
36.5
38.3
38.1
38.1
37.2
35.4
34.1
33.6
35.5
35.3
36.9
37.4
38.1
36.9
United States
$1. 55 $46.21
1.55 48. 55
1. 56 47. 75
1.57 48. 64
1. 57 47. 97
1.57 47. 30
1.56 47.88
1. 56 49. 21
1.55 47.95
1.54 49. 63
1. 53 49. 34
1.53 50. 25
1. 53 49. 41
1. 53 49.01
1.53 46.78
36.1
36.5
35.9
36.3
35.8
35.3
36.0
37.0
36.6
37.6
37.1
37.5
36.6
36.3
34.4
$1.28
1. 33
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.33
1.33
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.36
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
451
T able C ~l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Textile-mill products—Continued
S e a m l e s s h o s ie r y —
Continued
K n i t o u te r w e a r
North
1956: Average_____ $49. 27
1957: Average........... 51.41
January........... 50.18
February........ 51.51
M arch______
50.92
April ______
50.59
M ay________ 51.17
June________ 51.05
July................. 52.11
August______ 52.26
September___ 52. 90
October_____
52.85
November___ 52. 72
December___
48.50
1958: January_____
48. 51
37.9
37.8
36.9
37.6
36.9
37.2
37.9
38.1
38.6
39.0
38.9
38.3
38.2
35.4
34.9
$1.30 $45. 82
1.36 48.28
1.36 47.61
1.37 48.01
1.38 47.35
1. 36 46.9C
1.35 47. 48
1.34 48. 94
1.35 47.19
1.34 49.37
1.36 48. 94
1.38 49.74
1.38 48. 64
1.37 49.14
1.39 46. 65
Carpets, rugs other
floor coverings «
1956: A verage........... $73.98
1957: Average........... 74.34
January_____ 76.96
February........ 78.26
M arch______
75.44
A p ril.............. 74.34
M ay................ 73. 05
June________ 72. 29
July................. 72.07
August______ 73. 53
September___ 75. 67
October_____
75.26
November___ 74. 37
December .
75.33
1958: January_____ 77.08
41.1
40.4
41.6
42.3
41.0
40.4
39.7
39.5
39.6
40.4
40.9
40.9
40.2
40.5
41.0
K n it u nderw ear
South
35.8 $1.28 $56.15
36. c
1.3c 57.3C
35.8
1.3c 53.87
36.1
1.3c 55.43
35.6
1.3c 56.1C
35. C 1.31 55.88
35.7
1.3c 57.0C
36.8
1.3c 58. 75
36.3
1.3C 59.14
37. 4
1.32 59. 75
36.8
1.33 60.21
37.4
1.33 58.06
1.34 57.07
36.3
36.4
1.35 55.48
34.3
1.36 53.70
W o o l c a r p e ts , r u a s ,
a n d carpet ya rn
$1.80 $73. 26
1.84 71.89
1.85 77.15
1.85 77. 52
1.84 73.20
1.84 72. 44
1. 84 71.16
1.83 68. 76
1.82 68.76
1.82 72.07
1.85 72. 47
1.84 71.55
1.85 69.32
1.86 71.74
1.88 74. 59
40.7
39.5
41.7
41.9
40.0
39.8
39.1
38.2
38.2
39.6
39.6
39.1
38.3
39.2
40.1
$38.2
37.7
36.4
37.2
37.4
37.5
37.5
38.4
38.4
38.8
39.1
37.7
37.3
36.5
35.1
$1.47 $49.91
1.52 50.55
1.48 48. 55
1.49 49. 87
1.5C 50.14
1.41 51. 47
1.52 50.05
1.5c 51.14
1.54 50. 86
1. 54 51.14
1.54 52.03
1.54 51.75
1.53 49.82
1. 52 50.42
1.53 49.68
Hats (except cloth
and millinery)
$1.80 $57.38
1.82 59. 57
1.85 53.61
1.85 61.15
1.83 56. 76
1.82 64. 61
1.82 58.48
1.80 59.76
1.80 59.01
1. 82 62.16
1.83 61.38
1.83 58.91
1.81 61.62
1.83 63.79
1.86 59.89
35.2
36.1
33.3
36.4
34.4
33.3
36.1
36.0
36.2
37.9
37.2
35.7
36.9
38.2
37.2
38.1
36.9
35.7
36.4
36.6
37. S
36.8
37.6
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.5
36.1
36.8
36.0
$1.31 $65.92
1.37 67.16
1.36 65.51
1.37 68.15
1.37 68.06
1.38 67. 4C
1.36 66.83
1.36 69. 22
1.36 65.60
1.36 67.16
1.38 67.16
1.38 67.16
1.38 66.73
1.37 66.50
1.38 63. 96
Miscellaneous textile
goods ‘
$1.63 $66. 83
1.65 69.20
1.61 69. 02
1.68 68. 85
1.65 68. 68
1.64 67.49
1. 62 67.15
1.66 69.37
1.63 69. 95
1.64 69.65
1.65 70. 53
1.65 70.00
1.67 70.31
1.67 69.83
1.61 66.12
40.5
40.0
40.6
40.5
40.4
39.7
39.5
40.1
40.2
39.8
40.3
40.0
39.5
39.9
38.0
1956: Average_____ $68.85
1957: Average_____ 70.75
January_____ 71.17
February____ 72.38
M a rc h ...___
71.45
April............... 70.24
M ay________ 69. 49
June________ 69. 95
July................. 71.28
August______ 70.45
September___ 70. 84
October_____
70. 27
November___ 73.02
December___
72.80
1958: January_____ 68.20
40.5
40.2
40.9
41.6
41.3
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.9
40.0
38.1
$1.70 $53.97
1.76 57.26
1.74 56. 72
1.74 57.54
1.73 57. 55
1.73 56.30
1.72 57.26
1.74 58.66
1. 76 58.80
1.77 57.82
1.78 58. 66
1.77 57.37
1.83 56.09
1.82 58.52
1.79 57.20
M en’s and boys’
furnishings
and
work clothing g
1956: Average_____ $45.26
36.5
1957: Average........... 46. 59 36.4
January____
45.44
35.5
February........ 46.36
36.5
March______
46. 72
36.5
April............... 45.72
36.0
M ay________ 45.97
36.2
46. 37 36.8
June______ _
July................. 46.48
36.6
August....... .
47. 63 37.5
September___ 48.00
37. 5
October_____
46. 98 36.7
November___ 45.57
35.6
December___
45.31
35.4
1958: January___ _ 45. 54 35.3
See footnotes st end oi table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
P r o c e s s e d w a s te a n d
rec o vere d fib e r s
41.2
40.9
41.4
42.0
41.4
40.5
40.9
41.6
41.7
41.3
41.6
40.4
39,5
41.5
40.0
S h i r t s , c o lla r s , a n d
n ig h tw e a r
$1,24 $45. 51
1.28 46. 46
1.28 46.44
1.27 46. 21
1.28 46.18
1.27 44.67
1. 27 45.57
1.26 45.97
1.27 46.48
1.27 47. 74
1.28 48. 26
1.28 47. 86
1.28 47.34
1.28 46.57
1.29 46.15
36.7
36.3
36.0
36.1
35.8
34.9
35.6
36.2
36.6
37.3
37.7
37.1
36.7
36.1
35.5
$1. 24
1.28
1.29
1.28
1.29
1.28
1.28
1. 27
1. 27
1.28
1.28
1.29
1.29
1.29
1.30
44.0
43.5
44.4
42.0
41.8
41.6
41.8
43.9
44.7
44.9
45.6
45.0
44.7
43.9
40.6
36.9
36.1
36.8
37.2
37.2
36.3
36.0
36.3
36.7
37.1
36.2
35.6
32.9
35.3
36.5
C ordage a n d tw in e
$2.00 $56.99
2.13 58. 74
2.08 59. 40
2.05 69.70
2.04 59.85
2.05 58.80
2.07 57.15
2.12 57.68
2.17 57. 83
2.17 58.67
2. 20 59.67
2.18 58. 82
2.22 57. 53
2.18 59.36
2.13 55.69
S e p a r a te tro u se rs
$46.49
46.93
47.84
48.36
48.73
47.55
46.80
47.19
47.34
48.23
47.42
45.92
42. 77
45.89
48.18
40.4
40.2
42.1
40.4
41.1
38.6
38.5
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.0
41.4
40.2
39.2
38.3
D y e in g a n d fin is h in g
t e x tile s (e x c e p t w o o l)
$1.60 $65.51
1.65 66. 58
1. 65 65.44
1.65 68.15
1.66 67.65
1.65 66. 75
1.65 66. 09
1.66 68.81
1.64 64. 87
1.65 66.42
1.65 66.42
1.65 66.91
1.66 66.83
1.65 66.75
1.64 63.90
41.2
40.6
39.9
41.3
41.0
40.7
40.3
41.7
39.8
40.5
40.5
40.8
40.5
40.7
39.2
$1. 59
1.64
1.64
1, 65
1. 65
1„ 64
1. 64
1. 65
1.63
1. 64
1.64
1.64
1.65
1. 64
1.63
L a c e goods
$1.76 $66.09
1.86 67.14
1.85 67. 68
1.85 67.28
1.84 67. 32
1.84 67.32
1.85 67.13
1.87 68.80
1.85 69.36
1.88 67. 51
1.88 68. 99
1. 87 66. 98
1.86 66. 41
1.86 66. 57
1.86 63.72
38.2
37.3
37.6
37.8
37.4
37.4
37.5
37.8
37.9
37.3
37.7
36.8
37.1
37.4
35.4
$1.73
1.80
1.80
1. 78
1.80
1.80
1.79
1.82
1.83
1.81
1.83
1.82
1.79
1.78
1.80
Apparel and other finished textile products
A r t i f i c i a l le a th e r , o ilc lo th
and
o th e r
c o a te d f a b r ic s
$1.31 $88.00
1.40 92.66
1.37 92.35
1.37 86.10
1.39 85. 27
1.39 85.28
1.40 86. 53
1.41 93.07
1.41 97.00
1.40 97. 43
1.41 100.32
1. 42 98.10
1.42 99. 23
1.41 95. 70
1.43 86.48
41.2
40.7
39.7
41.3
41.0
40. S
40.5
41.7
40.0
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.2
40.3
39.0
F e lt goods (ex ce p t
w o v e n fe lts a n d h a ts ) *
$1.65 $71.10
1.73 74.77
1.70 77.89
1.70 74.74
1.70 75. 62
1.70 71.02
1.70 71. 23
1.73 73. 49
1.74 72.52
1. 75 73.70
1.75 73.32
1.75 77. 42
1.78 74. 77
1. 75 72. 91
1.74 71.24
Textile-mill products—Continued
P a d d in g s a n d u p h o ls te r n fi ll i n g
Dveine and finishine
textiles »
39.3
38.9
39.6
39.8
39.9
39.2
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.6
39.0
38.7
37.6
38.8
36.4
W o r k s h i r ts
$1.26 $39.82
1.30 42.47
1.30 40.47
1.30 45.40
1.31 42.60
1.31 42.60
1.30 42.34
1.30 42.92
1.29 43.50
1.30 43.82
1.31 43.15
1.29 41.18
1.30 41.18
1.30 41.65
1.32 39.41
36.2
36.3
34.3
38.8
35.8
36.1
36.5
37.0
37.5
38.1
37.2
35.5
34.9
35.6
33.4
Total: Apparel and
other finished textile products
$1.45 $52.64
1.51 53.64
1.50 53. 49
1 50 54.39
1.50 54.75
1.50 52. 84
1.50 62.98
1. 51 53.34
1.51 54.15
1.52 55.20
1.53 55. 42
1.52 53. 49
1.53 53.10
1.53 52.80
1.53 52.50
36.3
36.0
35.9
36.5
36.5
35.7
35.8
35.8
36.1
36.8
36.7
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.0
$1.45 $63.12
1.49 63.01
1.49 63.89
1.49 64. 06
1.60 64.05
1.48 62.48
1. 48 63.37
1. 49 64.08
1.50 63.90
1.50 64.62
1.51 63. 90
1.49 61.42
1.50 60.34
1.50 60.54
1.50 60.72
Women’s outerwear 41
$1.10 $57.02
1.17 57. 92
1.18 58.27
1.17 58. 74
1.19 59.43
1.18 57.70
1.16 57.35
1.16 55.24
1.16 58. 98
1.15 60.48
1.16 59.14
1.16 66. 25
1.18 56.09
1.17 54.92
1.18 56.76
35.2
35.1
35.1
35.6
35.8
35,4
35.4
34.1
34.9
36.0
35.2
34.3
34.2
33.9
34.4
M en’s and boys’
suits and coats
36.7
35.6
36.3
36.4
36.6
35.5
35.8
35.8
36.1
36.1
35.7
34.7
33.9
34.4
34.5
$1. 72
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.75
1.76
1. 77
1.79
1.77
1. 79
1.79
1. 77
1.78
1.76
1.76
W o r n era's d r e s s e s
$1. 62 $55. 62
1.65 56.03
1.66 55.49
1.65 55.62
1.66 57.80
1.63 59.01
1.62 58.03
1.62 53.09
1.69 54.42
1.68 58.19
1.68 57. 75
1.64 55. 24
1.64 53.92
1.62 53. 61
1.65 54.92
35.2
34.8
34.9
35.2
35.9
36.2
35.6
33.6
33.8
35.7
35.0
34.1
33.7
33.3
33.9
$1.58
1.61
1.59
1.58
1. 61
1.63
1. 63
1.58
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.62
1.60
1.61
1.62
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
452
Table C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Year and month
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Apparel and other finished textile products—Continued
H o u s e h o ld a p p a r e l
1956: Average........... $44. 76
1957: Average........... 46. 57
January.......... 46.08
February____ 46.83
48.23
M arch. ____
April________ 48.10
M ay________ 47.97
June...... ........- 45.50
July ..............- 45.06
August.......... - 45.44
September___ 45. 76
October_____
45.89
November___ 47.19
December___
46.96
1958: January_____ 45.67
36.1
36.1
36.0
36.3
37.1
37.0
36.9
35.0
35.2
35.5
35.2
35.3
36.3
36.4
35.4
W o m e n ’! s u i t s , c o a ts ,
a n d sk ir ts
$1.24 $68.14
1.29 68. 75
1.28 70. 52
1.29 70. 45
1.30 68. 68
1.30 59.87
1.30 63.70
1.30 65.73
1.28 74.91
1.28 75.03
1.30 71.90
1.30 65. 89
1. 30 66.86
1.29 63.83
1.29 68.68
33.9
33.7
34.4
34.2
33.5
30.7
32.5
32.7
35.5
35.9
34.4
32.3
33.1
32.4
33.5
$2.01 $47. 55
2. 04 48. 91
2.05 48.28
2.06 49. 21
2.05 49.45
1.95 47.70
1.96 47. 57
2.01 48.11
2.11 48. 01
2.09 49. 85
2.09 51.41
2.04 49.82
2.02 49.64
1.97 48.20
2.05 48.01
apparel
Children’s outerwear Miscellaneous
and accessories
1956: Average........... $48.31
1957: Average........... 50. 55
January........... 50. 55
February........ 51.27
March.............. 50.86
April................ 48.28
M ay________ 49.41
June................ 51.61
July.......... ...... 52.72
August___ _
51.38
September___ 50.51
October_____
49. 59
November___ 50.01
December,.- . 48.14
1958: January........... 49.37
36.6
36.9
36.9
37.7
37.4
36.3
36.6
37.4
38.2
37.5
36.6
36.2
36.5
35.4
36.3
$1.32 $49. 71
1.37 49.90
1.37 49.23
1.36 49.73
1.36 49. 27
1.33 48.37
1.35 48.16
1.38 49.63
1.38 50.40
1.37 48.79
1.38 51.18
1.37 51.66
1.37 51.38
1.36 51.24
1.36 49.07
37.1
35.9
36.2
36.3
35.7
34.8
34.4.
35.2
36.0
35.1
36.3
36.9
36.7
36.6
34.8
Women’s and chil
dren’s undergarments *
36.3
36.5
36.3
37.0
36.9
35.6
35.5
35.9
36.1
37.2
37.8
36.9
36.5
35.7
35.3
$1.31 $45. 50
1.34 47.47
1.33 45.86
1.33 47.50
1.34 47.62
1.34 45.95
1.34 45.70
1.34 45.95
1.33 46.46
1.34 48.38
1.36 50. 44
1.35 48.88
1.36 48. 21
1.35 46.31
1.36 46.02
Other fabricated
textile products *
$1.34 $53. 53
1.39 56.70
1.36 55. 35
1. 37 55.86
1.38 55.42
1.39 54. 54
1.40 55.73
1.41 57.23
1.40 56.10
1.39 57.98
1.41 57. 75
1.40 58.83
1.40 59.12
1.40 59. 82
1.41 56.58
U n d e rw e a r a n d n ig h tw e a r , e x c e p t c o r s e ts
36.4
36.8
36.4
37.4
37.2
35.9
35.7
35.9
36.3
37.8
38.5
37.6
36.8
35.9
35.4
C o r s e ts a n d a llie d
g a r m e n ts
$1.25 $51. 77
1. 29 52. 48
1.26 52. 85
1. 27 52. 64
1.28 52. 85
1.28 51.60
1.28 51. 74
1.28 52. 41
1.28 51.62
1.28 52.92
1.31 53.72
1.30 52.10
1.31 52.48
1.29 51.74
1.30 52. 45
C u r t a i n s , d r a p e r ie s ,
a n d o th e r h o u s e f u r n is h in g s
37.7 $1. 42 $46. 98
37.8
1.50 49. 37
37.4
1.48 47. 45
1.47 48.86
38.0
37.7
1.47 49.52
1.47 48. 86
37.1
37.4
1.49 46.64
37.9
1.51 47.92
37.4
1.50 48.34
38.4
1.51 50.05
1.50 51. 59
38.5
1.54 51.19
38.2
37.9
1.56 49. 88
38.1
1.57 50.38
36.5
1.55 47.70
36.2
35.7
36.2
36.3
36.2
35.1
35.2
35.9
35.6
36.0
36.3
35.2
35.7
35.2
35.2
T e x tile bags
36.7 $1.28 $57.28
37.4
1.32 59.25
36. 5 1.30 58.07
37.3
1.31 59. 35
1.31 57.72
37.8
1.31 56. 74
37.3
35.6
1.31 57.30
36.3
1.32 59.40
36.9
1.31 60. 50
38.5
1.30 59.15
38.5
1.34 62.27
1.34 58.67
38.2
37.5
1.33 59.43
37.6
1.34 62.22
1.34 60.61
35.6
39.5
39.5
39.5
40.1
39.0
38.6
38.2
39.6
39.8
39.7
40.7
38.6
39.1
40.4
39.1
Millinery
$1.43 $61.85
1.47 61.40
1.46 63.00
1. 45 69. 27
1.46 72. 98
1.47 57.62
1.47 51.15
1.46 54.94
1.45 58.64
1.47 63.41
1.48 65.91
1.48 60.72
1.47 56.09
1.47 57.98
1.49 53.99
36.6
35.7
36.0
38.7
40.1
34.3
31.0
32.9
34.7
37.3
38.1
35.3
32.8
33.7
30.5
$1.69
1.72
1.75
1.79
1. 82
1.68
1.65
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.73
1.72
1. 71
1.72
1.77
C a n v a s p r o d u c ts
5
$1.4 $55. 66
1. 50 57.48
1.47 56.99
1.48 65.20
1.48 56.06
1.47 56.34
1.50 58.69
1.50 59.09
1. 52 59. 45
1.49 60. 53
1.53 55.86
1.52 58.56
1. 52 56.45
1.54 57.08
1.55 58.31
39.2
39.1
39.3
38.6
39.2
39.4
40.2
40.2
39.9
38.8
38.0
39.3
38.4
37.8
39.4
$1.42
1.47
1.45
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.46
1.47
1.49
1. 56
1. 47
1.49
1.47
1.51
1.48
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
Total: Lumber and
wood products (ex
cept furniture)
1956: Average........... $70.93
1957: Average-------- 71.86
January-------- 67.25
February........ 68.51
M arch............. 70. 27
April------------ 72.00
M ay................ 73.16
74.89
June.».........
July— ........... 71. 71
August............ 75.62
September___ 71.76
October........... 73.97
November___ 71.94
December___
71.37
1958: January_____ 69. 48
40.3
39.7
39.1
39.6
39.7
40.0
40.2
40.7
39.4
41.1
39.0
40.2
39.1
39.0
38.6
M illw o r k
1956: Average........... $72. 90
1957: Average-------- 75. 55
January........... 72.65
February____ 72.86
M arch______
72.68
April............... 73.63
M ay............... 75.33
June................ 77.46
July------------- 77.64
August............ 77.46
September___ 78.47
O ctober......... 77.11
November___ 75.0C
December...
75.25
1958: January_____ 73.9C
40.5
40.4
39.7
39.6
39.5
39.8
40.5
41.2
41.3
41.2
41.3
40.6
39.7
39.6
39.1
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sawmills and plan
ing mills *
S a w m ills a n d p la n in g m ills , general
40.4 $1. 77 $72. 54
39.3
1.80 71. 53
38. 7 1. 73 67.94
39.2
1.74 69. 21
39.4
1.77 70. 53
39.7
1.78 71.86
40.0
1.80 73.20
1.84 74.40
39.9
38.8
1.81 70.82
40.5
1.83 74. 93
39.2
1.84 72. 73
1.82
73.23
39.8
1.83 71. 78
38.8
38.4
1.81 70.27
38.0
1.76 67.46
$1.76 $71.51
1.81 70. 74
1.72 66.95
1.73 68. 21
1. 77 69.74
1.80 70.67
1.82 72.00
1.84 73.42
1.82 70.23
1.84 74.12
1.84 72.13
1.84 72.44
1.84 71.00
1.83 69. 50
1.80 66. 88
P ly w o o d
$1.80 $76. 22
1.87 75. 81
1.83 74. 37
1. 84 76.07
1. 84 71.23
1.85 76.11
1.86 78.31
1.86 78.34
1.88 72. 95
1.88 77. 7C
1.9C 76.03
1.8£ 76.02
1. 82 74.86
1.8t 77. 6C
1.8£ 75.4f
South
United States
40.3
39.3
38.6
39.1
39.4
39.7
40.0
40.0
38.7
40.5
39.1
39.8
38.8
38.4
37.9
$1.80 $49.09
1.82 49. 29
1.76 48.00
1. 77 48.12
1. 79 48.52
1.81 48.64
1.83 50.26
1.86 49.25
1.83 49.13
1.85 50. 87
1.86 50.31
1.84 50.55
1. 85 48.19
1.83 48. 22
1.78 48. 59
Wooden containers 5
41.2 $1.85 $56. 71
1.90 56.37
39.9
40.2
1.85 55. 72
40.9
1.86 55.30
1.85 56.00
38. 5
40.7
1.87 56.82
41.0
1. 91 57.08
1.92 57.08
40.6
1.89 57.60
38.6
1.92 57.60
40.5
39.
1.92 56.59
39.6
1.91 56.71
1.92 54. 91
39. f
40.
1.91 54.57
39.1
1.96 53.82
41.6
40.4
40.0
40.1
40.1
40.2
41.2
40.7
40.6
41.7
40.9
41.1
39.5
39.2
39.5
West
$1.18 $90. 87
1.22 88. 39
1.20 84.04
1.20 86.18
1. 21 87.78
1.21 89.31
1.22 90.25
1.21 91.89
1.21 85.74
1.22 92.36
1.23 88.64
1.23 89.47
1.22 89.62
1.23 87.84
1.23 83.03
W o o d e n b o x e s , o th e r
t h a n c ig a r
40.8 $1.39 $56. 58
1.42 56.52
39.7
39.8
1.40 55.18
39.5
1.40 55.04
1.40 55.88
40.0
1.41 56. 42
40.3
40.2
1.42 56.96
40.2
1.42 57. 4S
1.44 58. 58
40.0
40. C 1.44 58.1C
1.44 56.59
39.3
1.44 57.2C
39.1
38.1
1.43 54.0C
1.41 53.76
38.''
1.42 53.06
37.9
41.0
39.8
39.7
39.6
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.4
40.1
39.3
40.
38.
38.
37.9
39.0
38.1
36.7
37.8
38.5
39.0
38.9
39.1
36.8
39.3
37.4
38.4
38.3
37.7
36.1
Millwork, plywood,
and prefabricated
structural wood
products 8
$2.33 $74. 30
2. 32 75.79
2.29 73. 63
2.28 74.00
2.28 71.97
2.29 74.40
2.32 76.73
2.35 77. 71
2.33 75.98
2.35 77.52
2. 37 77.95
2.33 76.57
2.34 74.68
2.33 76.42
2.30 74.49
40.6 $1.83
1.89
40.1
1. 85
39.8
1.85
40.0
1. 85
38.9
1.86
40.0
40.6
1.89
1.90
40.9
1.89
40.2
1.90
40.8
1.92
40.6
1.90
40.3
39.1
1. 91
1.92
39.8
1.91
39.0
Furniture and fixtures
Miscellaneous wood
Total: Furniture and
products
fixtures
$1. 38 $60.15
1. 42 61.56
1.32 60.05
1.32 60. 94
1.32 61.50
1.4C 61. 7C
1.41 61.86
1.43 63.14
1. 45 61.91
1.45 62. 2'
1.44 62.3'
1.4C 62. Of
1.4
61. 2C
1.4( 61.8.
1.4( 61.2C
41.2
40.5
40.3
40.9
41.0
40.
40.7
41.
40.
40.5
40.
40.
39.
39.
39..
$1.46 $68.95
1.52 69.60
1. 4£ 68.46
1. 4fi 69. 56
1. 50 69. 5
1. 51 fi 68.28
1.52 67.82
1.54 69.08
1.54 68.38
1.5C 71. 6C
1.54 72.3fi
1.5' 72.04
1.5, 69. 48
1.5
70. 6£
1.5
67.38
40.8
40.0
39.8
40.2
40.2
39.7
39.2
39.7
39.3
40.7
40.fi
40.'
39.'
39.fi
38.
$1.69
1. 74
1.72
1.73
1. 73
1.72
1.73
1. 74
1. 74
1. 76
1.77
1.77
1. 75
1.77
1.75
453
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble
C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- hours earn- earn- hours
togs
togs
togs
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
togs
togs
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
togs
togs
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
togs
togs
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn- earn- hours
tags
tags
Avg.
hrly.
earntogs
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture *
1956: Average_____ $65. 77
1957: Average_____ 66. 23
January_____ 64. 78
February____ 66.00
March______
66.40
April..... ........ . 65.01
M ay____ . . .
64.02
June________ 65.74
Ju ly ................ 64.68
August______ 67.97
September___ 68.71
O c to b e r....... 69.12
November___ 66.86
December....... 67.83
1958: January........... 63.58
40.6
39.9
39.5
40.0
40.0
39.4
38.8
39.6
39.2
40.7
40.9
40.9
39.8
39.9
38.3
41.7
41.6
41.1
41.1
41.3
41.0
40.8
41.6
41.6
42.4
42.9
42.3
41.3
40.6
39.9
Books
1956: Average....... . $83.84
1957: Average_____ 84.35
January_____ 82. 74
February____ 84.80
M arch.........
85.68
April_______
85. 26
M ay________ 85.84
June........... .
84.56
July................. 83.95
August............ 86.18
September___ 85. 75
October.........
82.68
November___ 82.89
December___
84.67
1958: January_____ 85.41
Partitions, shelving,
lockers, and fixtures
40.5
39.6
39.4
40.0
40.8
40.6
40.3
39.7
39.6
39.9
39.7
38.1
38.2
39.2
39.0
See iootnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.82
1.91
1.86
1.87
1. 88
1.88
1.89
1.91
1. 94
1.93
1.96
1.96
1.94
1.93
1. 94
F ib e r c a n s , tu b e s ,
an d dru m s
$79.37
82. 61
78.21
81.20
81.61
82.42
81.80
84.87
83.01
82.62
84.24
84.38
85.20
86.03
84.14
40.7
40.1
39.3
40.2
40.2
40.4
39.9
41.0
40.1
40.3
40.5
39.8
40.0
40.2
39.5
$2.07 $93.03
2.13 95.76
2.10 94.24
2.12 94.80
2.10 96.39
2.10 95.20
2.13 94.49
2.13 95.04
2.12 95.12
2.16 95. 76
2.16 97.93
2.17 96.56
2.17 95. 35
2.16 97.36
2.19 95.99
40.1
39.9
40.1
40.0
40.5
40.0
39.7
39.6
39.8
39.9
40.3
39.9
39.4
39.9
39.5
40.5
40.1
39.4
39.6
40.1
40.5
39.8
40.0
39.9
40.4
41.0
40.3
39.5
40.7
39.4
41.2
40-9
40.7
41.0
40.9
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.0
41.3
41.7
40.9
40.5
40.8
40.3
39.9
39.4
38.8
39.4
39.7
39.3
39.4
39.7
39.4
39.8
39.8
39.1
39.1
39.4
38.0
39.4
39.1
38.8
39.0
38.5
37.2
38.7
40.3
40.5
40.4
40.5
39.2
37.1
38.3
37.2
38.8
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.8
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.4
38.0
38.6
37.7
$2.43
2. 51
2.46
2.48
2. 49
2.49
2. 51
2.51
2.51
2. 51
2. 53
2.53
2. 53
2.55
2. 54
Greeting cards
$2.36 $61. 44
2. 45 64.18
2.41 64. 56
2.42 65.15
2.44 64. 77
2.43 64.98
2.45 65.45
2.46 63.96
2.50 63.63
2.48 64.13
2.48 63.41
2.46 62.87
2.45 63.03
2.45 66.18
2. 50 66.85
Pulp, paper, and
paperboard mills
W o o d o ffic e f u r n i t u r e
$71.21
65.19
67.20
67. 62
65.83
64.06
63.04
64.94
63.18
66.98
67. 55
65.67
63.60
66.01
63.20
38.4
38.2
38.2
38.1
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.3
38.8
38.4
38.2
38.1
38.2
38.7
38.2
36.1
35.7
35.2
35.3
35.5
35.7
36.1
36.0
35.4
35.7
36.0
35.8
35.7
36.5
34.9
$2.76
2. 84
2. 78
2.80
2. 81
2.83
2.86
2.86
2.84
2.82
2.87
2.89
2.88
2.90
2.85
Bookbinding and
related industries
$1.60 $72.10
1.68 73.90
1.69 73.12
1. 71 73.66
1.70 74. 45
1. 71 73. 32
1.70 73.13
1.67 74.07
1.64 72.94
1.67 75.07
1.66 73. 71
1. 65 73. 72
1. 65 73.73
1.71 74.69
1.75 73.33
39.4
39.1
39.1
39.6
39.6
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.8
39.1
39.0
38.8
38.2
38.5
37.8
$1. 66
1. 59
1.60
1. 61
1. 69
1. 57
1.68
1.58
1.56
1.61
1.62
1.59
1.61
1.61
1.60
41.6
41.4
40.9
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.7
41.6
41.4
42.2
42.6
42.0
41.2
40.6
39.9
$1.83
1.93
1.87
1.89
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.93
1.95
1.94
1.97
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.96
Periodicals
Newspapers
$99.64
101.39
97. 86
98.84
99. 76
101.03
103. 25
102.96
100. 54
100. 67
103.32
103.46
102. 82
105.85
99.47
42.9
41.0
42.0
42.0
41.4
40.8
39.9
41.1
40.5
41.6
41.7
41.3
39.5
41.0
39.5
Paperboard con
tainers and boxes '
44.2 $2.06 $76.13
42.8 $1.94 $91.05
42.3
2.04 94.18
43.4
2.17 79.90
42.3
1.99 93.07
43.9
2.12 76.48
2.00 93.08
2.13 77. 49
42.3
43.7
42.3
2.00 92.66
43.5
2.13 78.28
42.1
43.4
2.13 77.71
2.00 92.44
42.0
43.3
2.13 77.74
2.01 92.23
42.2
2.03 93.53
43.1
2.17 80.10
43.4
2.20 80.73
42.3
2.06 95.48
42.5
2.06 95.26
43.3
2.20 81.87
42.9
2.08 96.79
43.6
2.22 83.92
42.4
2.08 96.35
43.4
2.22 83.16
2. 22 80. 75
41.9
2.08 95.24
42.9
2.22 79.17
41.9
2.08 95.90
43.2
2.21 78.20
41.4
2.08 94.37
42.7
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Total: Printing,
publishing, and
allied industries
$t. 77 $94.28
1.86 96. 38
1.83 94.22
1.83 95. 48
1.83 96.61
1.84 95.87
1.84 96.38
1.85 96.38
1.87 96.13
1.88 96.64
1.89 97.91
1.90 97.15
1.91 96.14
1.91 98.43
1.91 95.76
O ffic e , p u b l i c
b u i l d in g , a n d
p r o fe s s io n a l
fu r n itu r e *
$1.83 $79. 42
41.8 $1.9(1
40.4
1.95
1.89 78.78
1.88 78. 55
1.93
40.7
1.88 79.13
41.0
1. 93
41.1
1.94
1.86 79.73
1.84 77.78
1.93
40.3
1.94
1.87 77. 79 40.1
1.91 77.22
1.95
39.6
1.90 77.61
1.95
39.8
41.4
1.91 81.56
1.97
1.92 81.97
41.4
1. 98
1.92 78. 41 39.8
1.97
1. 91 78.80
39.8
1.98
1.94 79.20
1.98
40.0
39.4
1.98
1.93 78.01
Paper and allied products
Total: Paper and
allied products
$1.64 $83.03
1. 71 86. 29
1.66 84.18
1.68 84.60
1.69 84.60
1.68 84.20
1.69 84. 42
1.70 85.67
1.72 87.14
1.72 87.55
1.75 89.23
1.74 88.19
1. 74 87.15
1.76 87.15
1.79 86.11
Lithographing
$2.32 $94.16
2.40 96.53
2.35 93.51
2.37 95.35
2. 38 96. 87
2.38 95.50
2.38 96.53
2.40 97.66
2.39 98.50
2.40 98.70
2.43 98.70
2.42 96.19
2. 42 95.80
2.44 96.53
2.43 95.00
M a ttr e s s e s a n d
b e d s p r in o s
$1.80 $72.10
1.84 73. 90
1.80 72.94
1.84 73.32
1.84 71.61
1.83 68.45
1.81 72.37
1.83 76. 97
1.80 76. 95
1.82 77.16
1.86 77.76
1.86 75. 26
1.80 70. 86
1.90 74.30
1.85 71.80
Other paper and
allied products
$1.95 $72.92
2.06 76.07
1.99 74.48
2. 02 75.03
2. 03 74.85
2.04 75.07
2.05 74.89
2.07 75.85
2.07 76.67
2.05 77.64
2.08 78.81
2.12 77.71
2.13 77.36
2.14 77.93
2.13 76.97
Commercial printing
39.9
39.4
38.1
39.6
40.2
39.3
37.3
38.8
37.9
40.4
40.6
40.6
39.8
40.5
36.6
Screens, blinds, and
miscellaneous furni
ture and fixtures
41.0 $2.05 $66.42
41.6 $2.09 $84.05
2.17 85. 22 40.2
39.5
2.12 68. 57
2.15 86.32
40.8
2.09 65.40
41.3
40.9
40.4
2.15 84.66
2.07 66.53
41.0
2.15 85.69
40.3
2.09 67. 77
2.14 84.23
39.3
40.3
2.09 68.04
2.15 85.24
39.1
40.4
2.11 67.26
37.5
40.4
2.15 86.05
2.13 68.00
2.18 84. 96 39.7
39.6
2.14 68.63
40.4
2. 21 86.86
40.2
2.15 69.49
2.20 86.80
40.4
40.0
2.17 71.75
38.2
40.6
2.19 87.70
2.16 70.12
2.21 83. 85 39.0
38.9
2.15 68.73
38.9
38.3
2.19 83.64
2.15 71.63
2.19 83. 38
38.0
38.6
2.16 70.53
Paper and allied products—Continued
P a p e r b o a r d b o x es
1956: Average____ $75. 89
1957: Average_____ 79. 46
76.45
January_____
February____ 76. 86
77.64
M arch_____
77.08
April_______
M ay________ 77.11
June________ 79.46
July................. 80.70
August--------- 81.83
September___ 84.08
O c to b e r..___ 82.91
November___ 80.12
78.36
December___
77. 41
1958: January_____
W o o d h o u s e h o ld
f u r n i t u r e , u p h o l s te r e d
$1. 62 $59.20
41.4 $1.43 $71.82
1.66 59. 94 40.5
1.48 72. 50
1.64 58.84
1. 46 68. 58
40.3
1.65 58.98
40.4
1. 46 72. 86
1.66 59.39
40.4
1.47 73. 97
1.47 71.92
1.65 58.80
40.0
1.65 58. 61
39.6
1.48 67. 51
1.66 59.20
40.0
1.48 71.00
1.65 58.21
39.6
1.47 68.22
1.67 61.39
41.2
1.49 72.80
1.68 61.69
41.4
1.49 75. 52
1.69 62.40
41.6
1.50 75. 52
1.68 60. 49 40.6
1. 49 74.03
1.70 60.45
1.50 76.95
40.3
1.66 58.16
1.48 67.71
39.3
Furniture and fixtures—Conttoued
M e t a l office f u r n i t u r e
1956: Average....... . $86.94
1957: Average_____ 85. 72
January_____ 87.72
February__.... 86.86
M arch............. 86. 65
April............... 84.10
M ay________ 84. 07
June................ 80. 63
July..... ........... 86.33
August........... 88.84
September___ 88.88
O ctober.......... 83.66
November___ 85. 97
83.88
December___
1958: January_____ 83.22
W o o d h o u s e h o ld
fu r n itu r e ( except
u p h o l s te r e d )
39.9 $2. 41
$96.16
2.53
100. 95 39.9
2. 41
95. 68 39.7
2. 49
40.0
99.60
2. 50
99. 75 39.9
2. 64
39.8
101.09
2.48
96. 47 38.9
39.4
97.71
2.48
2. 51
100.90
40.2
104.60
2.57
40.7
2.60
41.3
107.38
40.5
2.58
104. 49
2. 57
101. 77 39.6
2. 54
101.85
40.1
2. 55
39.4
100.47
Miscellaneous pub
lishing and printing
services
$1.83 $109.09
1.89 110. 78
1.87 109.06
1.86 112.22
1.88 113.18
1.88 109. 52
1.88 110.88
1.88 110.30
1.88 110.30
1.92 112.91
1.89 111.07
1.90 111. 36
1.93 107.07
1.94 109.25
1. 94 106.78
39.1
38.6
38.4
39.1
39.3
38.7
38.5
38.3
38.3
38.8
38.7
38.8
37.7
38.2
37.6
$2. 76
2.87
2.84
2. 87
2.88
2. 83
2.88
2.88
2.88
2. 91
2. 87
2.87
2.84
2.86
2.84
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
454
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—0 on tinued
Year and month
Chemicals and allied products
Total: Chemicals and industrial inorganic
allied products
chemicals5
1956: Average........... $87.14
1957: Average........... 91.24
January_____ 89. 21
February____ 89.40
March............. 89.40
April............... 89. 40
M ay................ 90.64
June________ 91.88
July................. 92.25
August______ 92. 25
September__
92.70
O c to b e r.___
91.84
November___ 92. 66
December___
93.34
1958: January_____ 92.62
41.3 $2.11 $95.12
2.22 99. 55
41.1
41.3
2.16 96.93
41.2
2.17 97. 34
41.2
2.17 97. 51
41.2
2.17 97. 99
41.2
2.20 98.33
41.2
2.23 99. 63
41.0
2.25 100.53
41.0
2. 25 101.18
41. 2 2.25 102. 09
41.0
2.24 101. 50
2. 26 102. 00
41.0
41.3
2.26 104.17
40.8
2.27 102.50
S y n th e tic fib e r s
1956: Average_____ $77.81
1957: Average___ _ 82. 21
January_____ 79. 79
February____ 80. 00
March______
79. 60
April............... 80.80
M ay________ 81.61
June________ 83. 03
July------ ------ 83. 42
A ugust........... 83.22
September___ 82. 41
October_____ 83.01
November___ 83. 41
December___ 84.03
1958; January_____ 83.18
39.9
40.3
40.5
40.2
40.0
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.3
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.1
40.4
39.8
1956: Average........... $84.04
1957: Average_____ 87. 33
January_____ 85.28
February........ 85.69
March______
85.06
April.......... .
86.93
M ay................ 86.92
J u n e .............. 88.61
July.................. 88. 81
A u g u st_____ 89.01
September___ 87. 72
O c to b e r..___ 87.70
November___ 87.45
December___ 87.23
1958: January_____ 86. 76
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.0
40.7
41.2
41.0
41.6
41.5
41.4
40.8
40.6
40.3
40.2
39.8
$2.32 $93.20
2.44 97.20
2. 37 94. 37
2.38 95. 71
2.39 95.24
2.39 95. 65
2.41 95.41
2.43 96.80
2.47 99.31
2.48 99.63
2. 49 98.98
2.50 98.09
2.50 99. 88
2.51 102.01
2.50 99.63
40.5
41.3
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.0
41.8
41.2
41.6
41.6
42.3
40.9
40.2
39.9
37.8
$2.15 $78. 55
2. 27 82.82
2. 21 81.60
2. 22 82.00
2.24 82. 01
2.25 81.61
2.27 82.01
2.28 82.62
2.30 82.42
2.31 81.81
2.29 83.64
2.31 84.05
2. 28 85.08
2. 30 85.08
2.31 85.28
Gum and wood
chemicals
$2.03 $75.33
2.13 78.63
2.08 77. 25
2.09 76.32
2.09 75.60
2.11 77. 35
2.12 79.49
2.13 78.07
2.14 80.91
2.15 78.81
2.15 80. 97
2.16 77.98
2.17 79. 37
2.17 78.58
2.18 79.90
40.7
40.5
40.5
40.9
40.7
40.7
40.6
40.5
40.7
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.6
41.3
40.5
40.7
40.8
40.8
41.0
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.7
40.6
40.3
40.8
41.0
41.3
41.5
41.2
42.3
42.4
42. 3
42.2
43.5
43.8
44.4
41.8
41.5
41.6
41.9
41.7
41.4
41.9
41.7
1956: Average_____ $80.38
1957: Average........... 84. 2 4
January_____ 82.42
February____ 83.0;
83. 25
March______
April............... 83. 05
M av_____ _
83.22
June________ 84.05
J u ly ................ 83. 21
August______ 83.82
September___ 85. 47
84.82
October_____
November___ 85. 22
December___
86.86
1958: January_____ 85.39
40.8
40.5
40.4
40. £
40.8
40.7
40. 4
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.7
40.2
40.2
40.4
39.9
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
E s s e n tia l o ils, p e r f u m e s , c o s m e tic s
$1.97 $66. 47
2. OS 69. 21
2. 01 66. 9£
2. 05 67.25
2. 01 68. 05
2.01 68. 78
2.06 68.64
2.08 69.45
2.07 67.91
2.08 69.42
2.1( 71.06
2.11 68.71
2.12 68. 85
2.15 71.89
2.14 70.62
$1.60 $74. 42
1.69 78. 50
1. 66 75. 24
1.65 75.10
1.63 76.64
1.62 76.74
1. 69 78. 55
1.70 80. 78
1. 73 82.47
1.73 81.10
1.74 78.85
1.73 78.32
1.72 79.00
1.73 79.17
1.73 79. 92
41.2
41.1
41.3
41.2
41.5
41.0
40.6
41.2
41.0
41.3
41.4
40.9
40.8
41.1
41.0
$2.20
2. 34
2.28
2.28
2. 29
2. 30
2.32
2.34
2.33
2. 36
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.43
2.42
45.1
44.6
45.6
44.7
44.3
43.6
43.4
43.9
44.1
43.6
44.8
45.8
45.4
45.5
44.4
P la s tic s , e x c e p t s y n t h e t ic r u b b e r
$93. 88
99. 66
96.56
97. 21
98.28
97.86
98.41
99.60
101.16
101. 64
101.50
101.99
101. 75
100. 94
99.80
42.1
41.7
41.8
41.9
42.0
42.0
41.7
41.5
41.8
42.0
41.6
41.8
41.7
41.2
40.9
$2.23 $103.50
2.39 107. 57
2. 31 106. 30
2. 32 104.19
2.34 104.86
2. 33 103. 94
2.36 105.93
2. 40 103. 88
2.42 108. 75
2. 42 109.34
2. 44 108. 40
2.44 108.14
2. 44 112. 75
2.45 112. 34
2. 44 110.30
S o a p a n d g ly c e r in
$98.16
104. 90
102. 92
101. 93
102. 84
102.66
102.97
105.06
103. 73
107.43
106. 91
106.30
107. 27
110.09
108.88
40.9
41.3
41.5
41.1
41.3
40.9
40.7
41.2
41.0
41.8
41.6
41.2
41.1
41.7
41.4
41.4
40.9
41.2
40.7
40.8
40.6
40.9
39.8
41.2
40.8
40.6
40.5
41.3
41.3
40.7
$2.50
2.63
2.58
2.66
2.57
2.56
2.59
2.61
2.64
2.68
2.67
2.67
2.73
2.72
2.71
Paints, pigments, and
oilers *
$2.40 $86.11
2.54 89.16
2. 48 87.54
2. 48 87. 53
2. 49 87. 31
2. 51 88.78
2. 53 88. 75
2. 55 90.69
2.53 90.67
2. 57 91.08
2. 57 89.76
2.58 90.13
2. 61 89. 47
2.64 89.47
2.63 89.20
V e g e t a b l e o ils
$1. 65 $67.95
1.76 71.36
1. 65 69. 60
1.68 68.40
1.73 69.26
1.76 69.17
1.81 71.05
1.84 73. 53
1.87 76. 46
1.86 74.90
1.76 71.65
1.71 72.07
1.74 71. 91
1.74 73.15
1.80 74.09
S y n th e tic r u b b e r
41.6
40.9
41.1
40.9
40.8
41.1
40.9
41.6
41.4
41.4
40.8
40.6
40.3
40.3
40.0
$2.07
2.18
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.20
2. 22
2. 22
2.22
2.23
A n i m a l o ils a n d fa ts
45.0 $1.51 $85. 43
44.6
1.60 89.20
46.4
1.50 84.86
1.51 85. 89
45.3
44.4
1.56 87. 32
1. 59 87.60
43. 5
1.66 87. 96
42.8
43.0
1.71 89. 55
43.2
1.77 89. 95
1.75 88. 31
42.8
1.61 89. 95
44.5
46.2
1.56 89.75
45.8
1. 57 91.39
46.3
1.58 89.32
44.9
1.65 89. 38
45.2
44.6
44.2
43.6
44.1
43.8
44.2
45.0
45.2
44.6
45.2
45.1
44.8
44.0
43.6
$1.89
2.00
1.92
1. 97
1.98
2.00
1.99
1.99
1.99
1.98
1.99
1.99
2.04
2.03
2.05
Products of petroleum and coal
C om pressed and
liq u e fie d g a se s
39.1 $1.70 $90. 09
39.1
1.77 96.14
38.5
1.74 94. OS
1.72 95.18
39.1
39.1
1. 74 94. 5C
39.5
1.75 95. 37
39. C 1.76 94.81
38. S 1. 7£ 96.82
38.6
1.76 96. 7£
39. C 1.78 95. 08
39.7
1.7Í 98.0t
38.6
1.78 96.7C
38.9
1. 77 99. 25
1.82 96.92
39.5
1.82 96.70
38.8
$2. 26
2. 37
2. 31
2. 32
2. 33
2.33
2.35
2.38
2.40
2.40
2.41
2.41
2. 42
2. 43
2.43
Vegetable and animal
oils and fats 8
Chemicals and allied products—Continued
Miscellaneous chemIcals 8
41.1
40.9
41.1
40.9
40.8
40.9
41.0
41.1
40.9
41.0
41.0
40.8
40.8
40.9
40.3
Soap, cleaning and
polishing preparations8
$1.93 $90. 64
2.03 96.17
2. 00 94.16
2.00 93.94
2. 01 95. 04
2.02 94.30
2.03 94.19
2.03 96.41
2.03 95. 53
2.03 97. 47
2. 05 97.70
2.05 97.34
2.06 97. 92
2.05 99.87
2.07 99.22
Fertilizers
42.8 $1.76 $67. 68
42.5
1.85 71.66
43.4
1. 78 70. 22
1.80 69.63
42.4
42. C 1.8C 70. 91
1.82 70. 63
42.5
43.2
1.84 75.04
42.2
1.85 71.06
43.5
1.86 71.80
1.85 71.97
42.6
43.3
1.87 72. 91
41.7
1.87 72.14
1. 95 71.21
40.7
41.8
1.88 72. 49
42.5
1.88 72.14
Industrial organic
chemicals *
$2. 29 $92. 89
2. 40 96.93
2. 33 94. 94
2.34 94. 89
2. 34 95.06
2.35 95.30
2.35 96.35
2.39 97.82
2. 44 98.16
2.46 98.40
2. 45 98. 81
2. 44 98.33
2. 46 98. 74
2. 47 99. 39
2.46 97.93
Drugs and medicines
E x p lo s iv e s
$1.95 $87.08
2.04 93. 75
1.97 91.05
1. 99 91.24
1.99 92. 29
2.00 92. 25
2.02 94.89
2.05 93. 94
2.07 95.68
2.06 96.10
2. 05 96. 87
2.07 94.48
2.08 91.66
2.08 91.77
2.09 87.32
P a i n t s , v a r n is h e s ,
la c q u e r s , a n d e n a m e ls
41.0
40.8
40.9
40.9
40.8
41.0
40.8
41.0
40.7
40.8
41.0
40.6
40.8
41.5
41.0
A l k a l i e s a n d c h l o r in e
Total: Products of
petroleum and coal
42.1 $2.14 $104.39
41.8 2. 3C 108. 79
42. C 2. 24 106. 45
42.2
2. 25 104. 45
42.0
2. 25 104.6C
2.28 106. 71
42.2
41.4
2.29 106. 75
42.1
2.3C 108. 7£
41. £ 2.31 111.64
2.28 109.21
41.7
42.1
2. 31 113. 30
41.5
2.3c 110.0c
2. 38 111. 11
41.7
40. £ 2.37 111. 3S
40.8
2.37 110.43
Petroleum refining
41.1 $2. 54 $108. 39
2. 66 112. 61
40.9
41.1
2.59 110. 68
40. S 2.56 107.86
2. 57 108. 26
40.7
41. £ 2.59 110. 95
40. £ 2.61 110.84
40. £ 2.66 113. 7C
2. 6£ 115.92
41.5
40.6
2.69 111.6C
2. 7c 117. 01
41.5
40.6
2.71 113.36
2. 7c 115. 87
40.7
40.8
2.7c 116.31
40.6
2.72 115.06
Coke,otherpetroleum,
and coal products
40.9 $2. 65 $91. 32
2. 76 95. 76
40.8
41.3
2.6S 93. 3S
40.7
2.65 93.52
40.7
2.66 92. 57
41.4
2.68 92. 57
40. £ 2. 71 93.02
40.9
2. 78 94.30
41.4
2.8C 98.41
40.0
2.79 101.39
41.2
2. 8“: 101.81
40.2
2. 82 99.68
2. 84 95. 51
40.8
41.1
2. 8c 94.3c
2.82 94.96
40.8
41.7 $2.19
2. 33
41.1
2.30
40.6
41.2
2.27
2. 28
40.6
40.6
2.28
40. S 2.28
41.0
2.3C
2.36
41.7
42.6
2.38
2. 39
42.6
41.7
2.39
2. 37
40. c
39.8
2.37
39.9
2.38
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
Table
455
C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Year and month
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manu factoring—Continued
Rubber products
Total: Rubber
products
1956: Average
$87. 23
1957: Average_____ 91. 76
January ____
91.21
February____ 90. 80
March______
89.28
April.............
87.60
M ay................ 88.80
June................ 91.21
July................. 94.16
August............ 92.84
September___ 92.97
October........... 93.03
November___ 93.20
December....... 92.40
1958: January___
87.71
40.2
40.
40.fi
40.fi
40.4
40.0
40.0
40.9
41.3
40.9
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
38.3
Tires and inner
tubes
$2.11 $100.9i
2. 2C 106. 55
2.2C 107. 64
2. 22 106. lfi
2. 21 102. 4C
2. IS 103.46
2.22 103. 46
2.23 107. 23
2.28 112. 20
2.27 107.83
2.29 107. 20
2.32 105.18
2. 33 106. 62
2.31 105.84
2.29 98.52
Leather and leather products
Rubber footwear
39.
$2. 5Cfi $71. 8fi
2. 6Í 73. 6(
40.
41.4
2.6C 71. 7fi
41.
2. 5fi 72.1C
40. C 2. Be 72. 68
2.58 70.64
40.1
40.1
2.58 71.92
41.4
2.59 72.29
42.5
2.64 72.13
41.0
2.63 73.05
2.66 74.45
40.3
39.1
2.69 76.02
39.2
2. 72 78. 96
39.2
2.70 79.35
36.9
2.67 76.42
39.
39.fi
39.fi
39.4
39. £
38.fi
39.3
39.5
39.2
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.7
40.9
39.8
Other rubber products
$1.82 $78.9C
1.8fi 82.82
1. 84 81. 3fi
1. 82 81. IS
1. 84 81. IS
1.83 79.60
1.83 79.80
1.83 81.81
1.84 82. 62
1.84 83.84
1.88 85. 08
1.91 86.10
1.94 85.05
1.94 84.03
1.92 80.94
Total: Leather and
leather products
40.7 $1.94 $56. OS
40. S 2. OS 57. 6C
40.
1. 9E fi 57. 7f
41. C 1.9S 58. 6C
40. S 1.99 58. 52
40.2
1.98 56.83
40.1
1.99 65.90
40.7
2.01 58.21
2.03 58.29
40.7
41.1
2.04 58. 67
41.1
2. 07 57.66
41.0
2.10 57.04
40.5
2.10 57. 31
40.4
2.08 57.97
39.1
2.07 57.88
Leather: tanned,
curried, and finished
37.
$1.4fi fi $74.24
37.4
1. 54 76.85
38.
1.52 fi 75. 65
38.3
1. 53 75. 6fi
38. C 1.54 75.26
1.54 76. 43
36.fi
36.3
1.54 75.27
37.8
1.54 77.81
38.1
1.53 76.83
38.1
1.54 77.22
37.2
1.55 77. 42
36.8
1.55 77.81
36.5
1. 57 77.61
37.4
1.55 78. 80
37.1
1.56 77.22
39.7
39.4
39.4
39.4
39.2
39.6
39.0
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.1
39.0
39.6
39.0
$1.87
1. 95
1.92
1.92
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.95
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.99
1.99
1.99
1. 98
Leather and leather products—Continued
Industrial leather
belting and packing
1956: Average_____ $72.40
1957: Average_____ 76. 55
January_____
78.63
February____ 75.70
M arch______
75. 36
April.......... .
73.47
M ay............... 74.34
June................ 74. 77
July................. 77.36
August............ 78. 91
September___ 79.13
October........... 77. 90
November___ 78. 34
December___
76.76
1958: January____
74.84
40.0
40.5
42.5
40.7
40.3
39.5
40.4
40.2
40.5
41.1
41.0
41.0
40.8
40.4
39.6
Boot and shoe cut
stock and findings
$1.81 $53. 48
1.89 55.94
1.85 55. 77
1.86 56.50
1.87 55. 71
1.86 63.07
1.84 54.68
1.86 57.72
1.91 56.74
1.92 56.30
1.93 53. 95
1.90 55.28
1.92 54. 81
1.90 57. 45
1.89 56.40
37.4
37.8
38.2
38.7
37.9
36.6
37.2
39.0
38.6
38.3
36.7
37.1
36.3
38.3
37.6
Footwear (except
rubber)
$1.43 $53. 57
1.48 55.13
1.46 55. 71
1.46 56.39
1.47 56. 47
1.45 54. 39
1.47 53.04
1.48 55.73
1.47 56.09
1.47 56.32
1.47 54.90
1.49 54.15
1. 51 53.91
1.50 55.35
1.50 55.50
37.2
37.0
37.9
38.1
37.9
36.5
35.6
37.4
37.9
37.8
36.6
36.1
35.7
36.9
37.0
$1.44
1.49
1.47
1.48
1. 49
1. 49
1.49
1.49
1.48
1.49
1. 50
1.50
1. 51
1.50
1.50
Luggage
$62. 72
62. 27
61. 88
62.59
63.08
61.45
61.56
63. 50
64.40
63.27
65.11
62.21
61. 92
61.25
56.62
39.2
38.2
37.6
38.4
38.7
37.7
38.0
39.2
40.0
39.3
39.7
37.7
37.3
36.9
33.5
Handbags and small Gloves and miscel
leather goods
laneous leather goods
$1.60
1.63
1. 65
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.62
1.62
1. 61
1.61
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.69
$51.00
53. 53
52.50
53.82
53. 96
62.05
51.05
52.82
53.34
54.14
53.58
54.10
56.18
54.95
53.05
37.5
37.7
37.5
37.9
38.0
36.4
35.7
37.2
37.3
38.4
38.0
38.1
39.0
38.7
37.1
$1.36
1.42
1.40
1.42
1. 42
1.43
1.43
1. 42
1.43
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.44
1. 42
1.43
$48. 34
49.50
49.28
49. 82
49. 87
48.96
49. 46
50.01
49.32
50.32
50.14
49.78
48. 37
48.69
49.68
36.9
36.4
36.5
36.9
36.4
36.0
36.1
36.5
36.0
37.0
36.6
36.6
34.8
35.8
36.0
$1.31
1.36
1.35
1.35
1.37
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.36
1.37
1.36
1.39
1.36
1.38
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total: Stone, clay,
and glass products
1956: Average_____ $80. 56
1957: Average
83.03
January_____ 81.41
February
81.61
March______
82. 21
April________ 81.20
M ay. ______ 82.42
June________ 83. 44
Ju ly ................. 82.82
August............ 84.25
September___ 84. 86
October_____
84.85
November___ 84.21
December___
83.18
1958: January_____ 82.32
41.1
40.5
40.3
40.6
40.7
40.4
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.9
40.8
40.6
40.1
39.8
39.2
$1.96 $113.03
2.05 113.77
2.02 117.29
2.01 114. 49
2.02 112. 59
2.01 110.80
2.02 110.95
2.04 108.90
2.05 112. 28
2.06 109.02
2. 08 113. 52
2.09 116. 76
2.10 126. 95
2.09 118. 99
2.10 117.38
Cement, hydraulic
1956: Average_____ $83. 84
1957: Average_____ 87.91
January_____ 86.73
February____ 84. 46
M arch______
85. 28
April.......... .
84.66
M ay...... .......... 84. 66
June................ 86. 51
July________
83.16
August............ 91.39
September___ 93. 30
October........... 90.50
November....... 91.35
December___
90.09
1958: January_____ 89.60
41.3
40.7
41.3
40.8
41.0
40.7
40.7
41.0
37.8
40.8
41.1
40.4
40.6
40.4
40.0
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Flat glass
41.1
40.2
41.3
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.2
39.6
40.1
39.5
40.4
40.4
42.6
40.2
40.2
Glass and glassware,
pressed or blown *
$2. 75
2.83
2.84
2. 82
2. 78
2. 77
2.76
2. 75
2.80
2. 76
2.81
2. 89
2. 98
2.96
2.92
Structural clay
products s
$2.03 $73. 62
2.16 74. 61
2.10 72.86
2.07 73.23
2.08 73. 82
2.08 74.00
2.08 74. 59
2.11 75. 74
2.20 76.33
2.24 76. 52
2.27 76. 38
2.24 76.59
2. 25 74.09
2.23 73.72
2.24 71.63
40.9
39.9
39.6
39.8
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.2
40.1
39.2
38.8
37.7
$79.80
83. 58
82. 59
81.78
81. 99
81.18
84.44
84.02
84.82
84.00
83.95
83.74
85. 32
84.77
83.89
39.7
39.8
39.9
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.0
39.6
39.5
39.5
39.8
39.2
$2.01 $80.59
2.10 85.01
2.07 84. 44
2.06 82.78
2.06 82. 78
2.05 82.80
2.09 86.09
2.09 85. 65
2.11 86. 46
2.10 85.63
2.12 84.74
2.12 84.74
2.16 86. 67
2.13 85.20
2.14 84.14
B r ic k a n d h o llo w tile
$1.80 $70.14
1. 87 69.60
1. 84 65.24
1.84 66.07
1.85 67.30
1.85 69.29
1.86 69.87
1. 87 71.55
1.88 71.55
1.88 71.72
1.90 72.28
1.91 71.58
1.89 69. 43
1.90 68.73
1.90 66.13
42.0
40.7
39.3
39.8
40.3
41.0
41.1
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.3
40.9
39.9
39.5
38.9
G la s s c o n ta in e r s
39.7
40.1
40.4
39.8
39.8
40.0
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.2
39.6
39.6
40.5
40.0
39.5
$2. 03 $77.81
2.12 81.14
2.09 79.76
2.08 80.39
2.08 80. 59
2.07 78. 97
2.11 81.39
2.12 81.40
2.14 81. 59
2.13 80.78
2.14 82. 58
2.14 82.74
2.14 82. 84
2.13 83.53
2.13 83.42
F lo o r a n d w a l l t i le
$1. 67 $73. 75
1. 71 75. 81
1.66 75.03
1.66 74.80
1.67 74.05
1.69 73. 87
1.70 75.81
1.72 76.80
1.72 76. 80
1.72 77.36
1.75 78.34
1.75 76.99
1.74 76. 61
1.74 75.46
1.70 73. 73
40.3
39.9
39.7
40.0
39.6
39.6
39.9
40.0
40.0
40.5
40.8
40.1
39.9
39.3
38.6
P r e s s e d a n d b lo w n
g la s s
39.7
39.2
39.1
39.6
39.7
38.9
39.7
39.9
39.8
39.6
39.7
39.4
38.0
39.4
38.8
$1.96 $68. 71
2. 07 71.02
2.04 70.22
2.03 69.30
2.03 70.80
2.03 69. 65
2.05 67. 55
2.04 69. 42
2.05 68. 78
2.04 69.78
2.08 72. 72
2.10 74.44
2.18 72. 40
2.12 72.07
2.15 69. 45
S ew er p ip e
$1.83 $72.76
1.90 74.03
1.89 73.16
1. 87 73.16
1. 87 72.83
1. 87 71.00
1.90 74.64
1.92 73.51
1.92 76.33
1.91 74.37
1.92 75.74
1.92 76.55
1.92 71.98
1.92 70. 31
1.91 66.57
40.2
39.8
40.2
40.2
39.8
38.8
39.7
39.1
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.5
38.7
37.6
35.6
Glass products made
of purchased glass
40.9
39.9
39.9
39.6
40.0
39.8
38.6
39.0
39.3
39.2
40.4
40.9
40.0
39.6
38.8
$1.68
1.78
1. 70
1.75
1.77
1.75
1. 75
1.78
1.75
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.79
C la y r e f r a c to r ie s
$1. 81
1.86
1. 82
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.88
1.88
1. 88
1.85
1.87
1.89
1.86
1.87
1.87
$80. 36
83.81
84.38
84.14
84. 56
83.50
83.07
83.28
85.02
85.58
82.65
84.80
82.43
83.92
81.27
39.2
38.8
39.8
39.5
39.7
39.2
39.0
39.1
39.0
38.9
37.4
38.2
37.3
37.8
35.8
$2.05
2.16
2.12
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.18
2.20
2. 21
2.22
2. 21
2.22
2.27
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
456
T able C -l.
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hriy.
earn
ings
M anufacturé g—Continued
Year and month
Stone, clay, and glass products—-Continued
Pottery and related
products
1956: Average.......... $72.20
1957: Average........... 74.07
January.......... 71.20
February........ 74.10
74.69
M arch______
73.91
April_______
M ay................ 73.11
J u n e ............... 72.07
July................. 71.87
August______ 74. 27
September___ 74.84
October_____
75.20
November___ 75.78
December___
74.10
1958: January_____ 71.86
Concrete, gypsum,
and plaster products4
37.8 $1.91 $81. 88
1.97 82.56
37.6
1.94 77.75
36.7
1.95 79.98
38.0
1.95 81.08
38.3
37.9
1. 95 80. 51
1.96 83.28
37.3
36.4
1.98 85.55
84.39
1.98
36.3
1.97 87.02
37.7
86.29
1.98
37.8
2.00 85.06
37.6
2.01 82.29
37.7
36.5
2.03 81.51
35.4
2.03 80.93
C o n c re te p r o d u c ts
44.5 $1.84 $78. 75
1.92 79.86
43.0
1.86 74.16
41.8
43.0
1.86 77.25
1.89 78.01
42.9
1. 89 78. 62
42.6
1.91 81.07
43.6
44.1
1.94 83. 59
43.5
1. 94 81.47
1.96 83.78
44.4
1.97 82.72
43.8
43.4
1.96 83.35
1.95 79.10
42.2
1.95 78.17
41.8
41.5
1.95 78. 44
45.0
43.4
41.9
43.4
43.1
43.2
44.3
44.7
43.8
44.8
44.0
44.1
42.3
41.8
41.5
$1.75 $69. 87
1.84 71.15
1.77 68.16
1.78 69. 65
1.81 70.00
1.82 70.05
1.83 72.62
1.87 72.22
1.86 71.56
1.87 72.67
1.88 73.21
1.89 72.62
1.87 70.27
1.87 70. 67
1.89 69.92
1956: Average........... $84.65
89.66
1957: Average....... .
January_____ 85.49
February____ 88.41
88.20
M arch______
A pril.............. 89.46
M ay________ 92.24
June________ 92.88
July................. 89.84
August______ 92.18
September___ 91.76
91.30
October_____
November___ 87.89
87.70
December___
1958: January_____ 84.32
41.7 $2.03 $88. 24
2.15 89.49
41.7
2.06 96. 56
41.5
2.10 100.45
42.1
2.11 94. 49
41.8
2.13 85.98
42.0
2.15 86.30
42.9
2.17 88.83
42.8
41.4
2.17 85. 79
41.9
2.20 92.54
41.9
2.19 89.86
2.20 87.12
41.5
40.5
2.17 86.87
40.6
2.16 83. 54
2.14 77.76
39.4
Iron and steel found
ries *
1956; Average.......... $87.34
1957: Average_____ 87.64
January....... .
88.73
February____ 87. 78
March__ ____ 87.12
A p ril............
86. 68
M a y ............... 86.85
June.... ........ .
88.53
July................. 88.09
August______ 87. 58
September___ 89.04
O ctober......... 86.64
November___ 85.58
December....... 86.41
1858: January........... 82. 76
41.2
39.3
40.7
39.9
39.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.5
39.1
39.4
38.0
37.7
37.9
36.3
$95.34
103.68
100.21
100.94
100.35
101. 25
102.16
102.82
101.66
106.93
106.13
107.5S
105.20
106.13
106.78
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.28
2.38
2.39
2. 45
2.38
2.33
2.32
2.35
2.37
2.41
2.39
2.40
2.38
2.38
2.40
fo u n d rie s
40.7
38.6
39.9
39.1
38.6
38.5
38.4
39.1
39.1
38.8
39.0
37.6
37.3
37.3
35.6
42.1
40.9
41.4
41.0
41.7
41.3
40.8
40.9
40.3
42.1
41.6
40.4
40.5
40.
40.1
Total: Primary metal
industries
$96. 52
99.00
101. 27
99.14
98.65
97. 91
97. 42
99.70
100.44
89.82
101.26
98.18
97.41
97.16
95.49
40.9
39.6
41.0
40.3
40.1
39.8
39.6
40.2
39.7
39.3
39.4
38.5
38.2
38.1
37.3
$1.70
1.77
1.73
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.78
1. 77
1.78
1.79
1.79
1. 78
1.77
1.78
1. 77
41.5
40.2
41.6
40.2
40.4
40.
40.4
40.8
40.1
39.8
40.
40.2
39.8
40.6
38.,
40.5
39.1
40.9
40.1
39.7
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.4
38.7
38.8
38.0
37.7
37.2
36.5
$83.03
86.46
86.72
87.77
87.34
85.67
86.92
87.74
85.79
87.26
87.67
87.85
85.50
86.15
84.63
40.7
40.4
41.1
41.4
41.2
40.6
41.0
41.0
39.9
40.4
40.4
40.3
39.4
39.7
39.0
A b r a s iv e p r o d u c ts
$2.04 $88.18
2.14 90.29
2.11 91.76
2.12 91.13
2.12 92.89
2.11 91.35
2.12 91.30
2.14 61.71
2.15 88. 98
2.16 88.53
2.17 88.55
2.18 90.94
2.17 87.93
2.17 92.97
2.17 89.78
42.5
40.8
42.5
41.5
42.0
41.8
41.2
41.2
40.7
40.2
40.3
39.0
38.5
39.0
37.9
40.5
39.1
40.9
40.1
39.7
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.4
38.7
38.8
37.9
37.6
37.1
36.4
39.9
39.6
40.6
40.5
41.1
40.6
40.4
40.4
39.2
39.0
38.5
39.2
37.9
39.9
38.7
$2. 21
2. 28
2.26
2.25
2.26
2. 25
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.30
2.32
2.32
2.33
2.32
41.2
40.6
41.2
40.8
40.7
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.5
40.4
40.3
40.1
40.0
40.3
40.0
40.2
40.1
40.8
40.2
40.0
40.2
39.7
40.0
39.1
40.4
40.5
39.9
40.1
40.0
41.6
$2.20
2.33
2.26
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.28
2.30
2.36
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.41
P r i m a r y s m e ltin g a n d
r e f in in g o f c o p p e r ,
le a d , a n d z in c
$2.22 $89.02
2.35 90.13
2.30 90.64
2.29 88.94
2.30 89.79
2.31 89. 57
2.32 90.20
2.33 90.83
2.35 91.13
2.40 90.45
2.42 91.94
2.42 89.50
2.40 89.15
2.41 90.05
2.41 88.48
R o llin g , d r a w in g , a n d
a llo y in g o f a lu m in u m
42.3 $2.26 $91.13
2.34 96. 24
40.3
41.1
2.36 94. 6C
39. S 2.36 95.34
40.4
2.31 94.24
40. C 2.31 95. et
2.35 95.2"
40.5
41.5
2. 34 94.46
40.5
2.35 93.6í
39.8
2.34 97. 5"
40.5
2.3' 100. 75
40.6
2.36 98.46
2.46 97.0'
40.1
2.4] 98.06
40.1
2.38 96.85
37.8
E le c tr o m e ta llu r g ic a l
p r o d u c ts
$2.53 $88.44
2.68 93.43
2.67 92.21
2.63 90.85
2.63 90.80
2. 64 91.25
2.62 90. 52
2.64 92.00
2.73 92.28
2. 74 95.34
2. 77 96.39
2.74 95.76
2.73 96.24
2.73 96.00
2.77 100.26
Primary smelting
and refining of nonferrous metals *
$2.25 $91.46
2.35 95.41
2. 31 94. 76
2.32 93.43
2.33 93. 61
2.32 94.02
2.32 94.89
2.34 95.53
2. 34 95.18
2.37 96.96
2.39 97.53
2.39 97.04
2.38 96.00
2.39 97.12
2.40 96.40
R o llin g , d r a w in g , a n d
a llo y in g o f c o p p e r
$2.25 $95.18
2.36 94.30
2.31 94.53
2.31 91.77
2.31 93.32
2.34 92.46
2.34 93.96
2.35 97.11
2.35 95.18
2.46 93.12
2. 45 95.9f
2.45 97.02
2.41 96.24
2.41 96.64
2.41 89.96
B la s t f u r n a c e s , s te e l
w o r k s , a n d r o llin g
m i l l s , e x c e p t e le c tr o
m e ta llu r g ic a l p r o d
u c ts
$2.52 $102.47
2.67 104.79
2.66 109.20
2.62 105. 46
2.62 104.41
2.63 104. 28
2. 61 102. 70
2.63 105.07
2.72 107.56
2. 73 106.04
2. 76 107.48
2. 73 103.85
2.72 102.65
2.72 101. 28
2. 76 100. 83
S te e l fo u n d r ie s
40.5 $2.07 $95. 63
39.0
2.17 95.88
2.14 98.18
40.3
2.14 96.28
39.9
2.13 97.86
39.2
2.13 96.98
38.5
39 3 2.14 95.58
2.16 96.41
39.3
2.15 95. 24
39.0
38.4
2.17 95.27
2.22 96.32
39.4
2.23 93.21
37.8
2.24 91.63
38.2
2.24 93. 21
38.5
2.25 90.96
36.4
Rolling, drawing,
and alloying of
nonferrous metals4
$2.07 $93.38
2.14 94.87
2.11 94. 71
2.11 92.86
2.1C 93.32
2.17 94.30
2.11 94.54
2.17 95.88
2.17 94.24
2.16 95. 52
2.16 98.01
97.28
2. r
2.26 96.32
2.1< 97.26
2.16 93. V
Blast furnaces, steel
works, and rolling
mills 4
$2.36 $102.06
2.50 104.40
2.47 108. 79
2.46 105.06
2.46 104.01
2. 46 103.89
2.46 102.31
2.48 104.67
2. 53 107.17
2.64 105. 65
2. 57 107.09
2.55 103. 74
2.55 102. 54
2. 55 101.18
2. 56 100. 74
M a lle a b le -ir o n f o u n d
r ie s
$2.06 $83. 84
2.18 84.63
2.13 86.24
2.15 85.39
2.15 83.50
2.15 82.01
2.16 84.10
2.18 84.89
2.19 83.85
2.19 83.33
2.20 87. 47
2.23 84.29
2.23 85.57
2.24 86.24
2.23 81.90
Secondary smelting
and refining of
nonferrous metals
40.4 $2.36 $85.04
2.56 87. 53
40.5
2. 45 87.35
40.9
40.7
2.48 86.51
2. 49 87. 57
40.3
40.5
2.50 87.56
2. 51 86. 09
40.7
40.8
2. 52 86.71
40.5
2. 51 85.44
40.2
2. 66 90.94
39.9
2.66 89. 86
40.6
2.65 87.67
40. C 2.63 89.76
2.64 89.57
40.2
2.63 86.67
40.
See footnotes at end of table.
38.7
37.6
40.4
41.0
39.7
36.9
37.2
37.8
36.2
38.4
37.6
36.3
36.5
35.1
32.4
G r a y -ir o n
$2.12 $83. 84
2.23 84.15
2.18 84.99
2.20 84.07
2.20 82.99
2.20 82.78
2. 21 82.94
2.23 85.24
2.23 85.63
2.24 84.97
2.26 85.80
2.28 83.85
2.27 83.18
2.28 83. 55
2.28 79.39
P r i m a r y r e f in in g o f
a lu m in u m
1956: Average_____
1957: Average...........
January_____
February____
M arch ............
April_______
M ay................
June________
July.................
August______
September___
October____
November___
December__
1958: January____
M o n d a y r e f r a c t o r ie s
41.1
40.2
39.4
39.8
40.0
39.8
40.8
40.8
40.2
40.6
40.9
40.8
39.7
39.7
39.5
Miscellaneous nonmetallie mineral
products 4
Primary metal industries
Stone, clay and glass products—Continued
A s b e s to s p r o d u c ts
Cut-stone and stone
products
41.6
40.6
41.2
40.8
41.0
40.9
41.0
41.1
40.5
40.2
40.5
39.6
39.8
40.2
39.5
$2.12
2.22
2.20
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.25
2.25
2.27
2.26
2.24
2.24
2.24
Nonferrous foundries
40.5 $2.2 $88.94
40.1
2.46 91.60
2.32 91.12
40.6
2.36 91.35
40.4
2.35 91. 58
40.1
2.3' 89. 95
40.5
40.5
2.3' 90.62
40. C 2.36 91.88
39.7
2.36 91.7'
2.4' 92.06
39.5
2.56 93. 26
40.
2.48 91.64
39.'
2.4' 90. 94
39.
2.4' 90.41
39.'
2.4
90.71
39.5
40.8
40.0
40.5
40.6
40.7
39.8
40.1
40.2
39.
40.
40.
39.5
39.
39.6
39.]
$2.18
2.29
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.26
2.26
2.28
2.30
2.29
2.31
2.32
2.32
2.32
2.32
O: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble
C -l.
457
Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkiy.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly,
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipment)
Prim ary metal industries—Continued
Miscellaneous pri
mary metal in
dustries !
1956: Average........... $99.90
1957: Average-......... 101.25
January_____ 103.91
February......... 102.92
March............- 102.18
April________ 100.12
M ay................ 99.38
June...............- 102. 67
July............ .
101.34
August--------- 102.06
September___ 101.45
October_____
99.57
November___ 98.16
December___
99.06
1958: January-------- 98.94
41.8
40.5
41.9
41.6
41.2
40.7
40.4
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.1
39.2
38.8
39.0
38.8
$2.39 $105.42
2. 50 105. 71
2. 48 112. 66
2.48 109.62
2.48 109. 36
2.46 105. 52
2.46 105. 52
2.48 107. 90
2.49 105. 52
2.52 104. 52
2.53 103.89
2.54 102.43
2. 53 99.68
2. 54 101. 52
2. 55 100.47
Cutlery, hand tools,
and hardware 1
1956: Average_____ $81.60
1957: Average_____ 85.86
January_____ 83.62
February........ 84.03
March............. 83.82
April............... 83. 21
M ay..............
84.44
June...... .......... 84.63
July................. 84.19
August--------- 85.65
September___ 90.27
October_____ 89.38
November___ 89.16
December....... 83.92
1958: January........... 82.99
40.8
40.5
40.2
40.4
40.3
40.2
40.4
40.3
39.9
40.4
41.6
41.0
40.9
39.4
38.6
39.9
39.7
39.7
40.3
39.9
39.4
39.3
40.0
39.1
39.7
40.5
40.5
39.0
39.8
39.1
1956: Average_____ $87.34
1957: A verage----- - 89. 95
January........... 87. 91
February____ 87. 51
March______
87.89
April_______
88.29
M a y ..______ 89.32
June................ 91.21
July................. 88.80
August______ 89.91
September___ 92.29
O ctober......... 90.72
November___ 92.62
December___ 89.33
1958: January_____ 86.97
41.2
40.7
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.5
40.6
40.9
40.0
40.5
41.2
40.5
40.8
39.7
39.0
See footnotes at end of table,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40.8
40.1
40.6
40.5
40.8
40.4
40.0
40.2
39.9
39.9
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.0
38.7
41.5
41.7
41.5
41.8
41.9
41.8
42.1
42.2
41.8
41.8
42.1
41.4
40.8
41.1
40.4
$2.12 $66.64
2.21 70.84
2.16 70.07
2.15 69. 25
2.17 74.39
2.18 64.90
2. 20 65.14
2.23 68.85
2.22 72.86
2.22 74.34
2.24 75.12
2.24 76.31
2. 27 69. 36
2.25 70.07
2.23 66.60
39.2
39.8
40.5
39.8
43.0
37.3
36.8
38.9
41.4
41.3
41.5
41.7
37.9
38.5
36.0
42.2
40.6
41.5
41.4
41.0
40.9
40.5
41.2
39.9
40.7
40.4
39.9
39.7
39.9
39.1
$2.30
2. 38
2. 35
2. 36
2.36
2. 36
2. 35
2.36
2.37
2. 41
2. 41
2. 42
2.41
2.45
2.45
H a n d to o ls
$1.78 $82. 62
1.86 83.58
1.83 83.01
1.83 83.01
1.84 82.99
1.84 82.68
1.86 82.99
1.86 82.97
1.84 80.47
1.85 84.19
1.88 85.60
1.89 84.96
1.90 85.39
1.90 85.81
1.90 82.60
40.9
39.8
40.1
40.1
39.9
39.7
39.9
39.7
38.5
39.9
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.1
38.6
41.5
42.1
41.5
42.0
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.9
42.2
42.4
42.6
41.9
41.0
41.2
40.5
$2.02 $83. 44
2.10 89. 35
2.07 86.03
2.07 86.67
2.08 86. 86
2.08 85.84
2.08 87.91
2.09 88.10
2.09 88.48
2.11 89. 35
2.14 95.85
2.14 94.02
2.14 93.98
2.14 85.02
2.14 85.69
41.5
40.9
40.9
40.8
41.1
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.6
41.5
40.7
41.2
39.8
38.8
40.8
40.3
40.5
40.6
39.9
40.0
39.7
42.0
41.7
41.0
40.5
38.6
38.5
38.6
39.4
40.7
40.8
40.2
40.5
40.4
40.3
40.7
40.6
40.4
40.8
42.6
41.6
41.4
39.0
38.6
40.6
40 9
40.6
40.6
40.7
40.7
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.6
40.1
40.8
41.0
39.8
$2.05 $80.19
2.19 83.74
2.14 81.95
2.14 83.39
2.15 82.56
2.13 81.93
2.16 82.11
2.17 83.77
2.19 81.90
2.19 84. 56
2.25 86.24
2.26 86.03
2.27 85.06
2.18 86. 55
2. 22 86.24
40.0
39.7
39.8
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.6
39.4
39.7
40.0
40.3
39.9
40.0
38.5
38.1
39.7
39.5
39.4
39.9
39.5
39.2
39.1
39.7
39.0
39.7
40.3
40.2
39.2
39.7
39.2
Tin can and other
tinware
$91.78
96.64
90.17
91.98
92. 84
97. 25
94.07
97.90
101. 76
99.64
97.34
96.00
98.17
101.19
98.33
42.1
4.13
39.9
40.7
40.9
42.1
40.9
42.2
43.3
42.4
41.6
40.0
40.4
41.3
40.3
$2.18
2.34
2. 26
2.26
2.27
2. 31
2.30
2.32
2.35
2.35
2.34
2.40
2. 43
2.45
2.44
S a n ita r y w a re a n d
p lu m b e r s ’ s u p p lie s
$2.02 $82.68
2.12 86.19
2.08 83. 76
2.09 84.63
2.09 83. 55
2.09 84. 53
2.10 84. 53
2.11 85.97
2.10 85. 53
2.13 88.36
2.14 88.58
2.14 87.69
2.17 90. 06
2.18 90.06
2.20 90.39
B o ile r - s h o p p r o d u c ts
$2.09 $87. 98
2.19 92.77
2.12 91.56
2.13 91.98
2. 15 92. 40
2.16 91.54
2.16 92.40
2.18 91.10
2.19 92.35
2.24 93.15
2. 26 94.95
2.24 94.85
2.23 92.80
2.22 93.25
2.18 92.97
Lighting fixtures
$2.20 $76. 40
2.30 79.80
2.24 78.80
2.23 78.41
2.26 78. 41
2.26 78. 21
2.28 78.80
2.33 78.80
2.31 80.19
2.30 80.00
2.34 82.62
2.32 82.19
2.37 82.80
2.34 78.16
2.32 78.11
Total: Fabricated
metal products
$2.32 $85. 28
41.2 $2.07
2.48 89.16
40.9
2.18
2.40 86.90
2.13
40.8
2. 42 87.33
41.0
2.13
2. 42 87. 74 41.0
2. 14
2. 42 87.94
40.9
2.15
2. 43 88.34
40.9
2.16
2. 49 89.40
41.2
2.17
2. 51 89.13
2.19
40.7
2. 51 90.20
41.0
2.20
2. 54 91.91
41.4
2.22
2.52 90.35
2.22
40.7
2 52 90.32
40.5
2.23
2.51 89.24
2.22
40.2
2.53 87.47
39.4
2.22
Heating apparatus
(except electric)
an d p lu m b e rs ’
supplies *
M e ta l
d o o rs,
sash ,
f r a m e s , m o ld in g ,
a n d tr im
$2.11 $84.85
2.25 89. 57
2.19 86.07
2.19 86.48
2.20 87. 51
2. 21 87.91
2. 22 89. 42
2.23 90.25
2.26 90.67
2.29 92.51
2.30 94.02
2.30 89.82
2. 29 90.98
2.29 91.02
2.28 86.76
S ta m p e d a n d p re s s e d
m e ta l p r o d u c ts
$1.70 $91.30
1.78 94.07
1.73 91.62
1.74 90.98
1.73 92.89
1.74 91.76
1. 77 93.25
1.77 96.00
1.76 92.86
1.80 93.38
1.81 97.11
1.83 94.42
1.83 97.64
1.82 93.13
1.85 90.02
$94.66
99. 94
97.20
98.25
96. 56
96.80
96. 47
104. 58
104.67
102. 91
102.87
97.27
97.02
96.89
99.68
H a rdw are
S tr u c tu r a l s te e l a n d o r
n a m e n ta l m e ta l w o rk
$2.11 $87. 57
2.23 94. 73
2.18 90. 89
2.18 91. 98
2.19 93.28
2.20 93.93
2.21 94.57
2.22 95.67
2.24 95.37
2.27 97.10
2.28 97.98
2. 28 96.37
2.28 93.89
2.28 94.35
2.27 92.34
V itr e o u s e n a m e le d
p r o d u c ts
W e ld e d a n d h ea vy r iv e te d p i p e
W ir e d r a w in g
$2. 51 $97.06
2. 61 96.63
2. 62 97. 53
2. 61 97. 70
2.61 96. 76
2.58 96. 52
2. 58 95.18
2.60 97.23
2. 58 94.56
2.60 98.09
2.63 97.36
2.64 96. 56
2.63 95.68
2.63 97.76
2.63 95.80
Fabricated structural
metal products 1
$1.98 $87. 57
2.08 92.99
2.04 90.47
2.06 91.12
2.06 91.76
2.05 91 96
2.06 93.04
2.07 93.68
2.06 93. 63
2.09 94.89
2.11 95. 99
2.11 94.39
2.12 93 02
2.13 93. 71
2.15 91.71
Metal stamping, coat
ing, and engraving 1
42.0
40.5
43.0
42.0
41.9
40.9
40.9
41.5
40.9
40.2
39.5
38.8
37.9
38.6
38.2
C u t l e r y a n d e d g e to o ls
$2.00 $72.62
2.12 74.59
2.08 74.30
2.08 74.12
2.08 75.07
2.07 74.34
2.09 74. 40
2.10 74.77
2.11 73.42
2.12 73.82
2.17 75.39
2.18 76.17
2.18 76.38
2.13 76.00
2.15 73.53
O il b u r n e r s , n o n e le c
tr ic
h e a tin g
and
c o o k in g a p p a r a t u s ,
n o t e ls e w h e r e c la s s i
fie d
1968: Average_____ $79.00
1957: Average,......... 82.58
January_____ 80. 99
February____ 83.02
M arch______ 82.19
April_______
80. 77
M ay________ 80.96
June...... .......... 82.80
J u ly - ............ . 80.55
A u g u st_____ 82.97
September___ 85.46
October_____ 85.46
November___ 82.68
December___ 84.77
1958: January.......... 84.07
I r o n a n d s te e l fo r g in g s
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.5
38.6
38.6
38.9
38.7
39.8
39.9
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.3
$2.12
2.21
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.21
2. 21
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.28
2.28
2.30
S h e e t-m e ta l w o rk
$2.12 $90. 52 42.3 $2.14
2.23 93.15
41.4
2.25
2.18 91.12
2.18
41.8
2.19 91.96
2.20
41.8
41.6
2. 21
2.20 91.94
2.19 90. 61
41.0
2. 21
41.6
2.20 93.18
2.24
2.19 94.92
42.0
2.26
2.22 94.85
41.6
2.28
2.25 94.62
41.5
2.28
41.3
2.25 95.40
2.31
41.1
2. 28 94.12
2.29
2.28 92. 97 40.6
2.29
41.1
2.28 95.76
2.33
2.29 93.32
40.4
2.31
Miscellaneous fabri
Fabricated wire
cated
metal
prod
products
ucts *
$1. 91 $80.75
2.01 84.65
1.98 82.22
1.97 81.20
1. 97 82.42
1.97 81.20
1.99 80.40
2.00 82. 42
2.02 81.18
2.00 82.40
2.05 84.03
2.06 82.16
2. 07 82.39
2.03 82.59
2.05 81.33
41.5
41.6
42.0
42.0
42.0
41.8
42.0
41.6
41.6
41.4
42.2
41.6
40.7
40.9
40.6
41.2
40.1
40.5
40.2
40.6
40.2
39.8
40.4
39.6
40.0
40.4
39.5
39.8
39.9
39.1
$1.96 $86.09
2.05 89. 01
2.03 89.25
2. 02 89.68
2.03 89. 89
2.02 89.24
2.02 88.18
2.04 89.02
2.05 89. 21
2.06 88.99
2.08 89.82
2.08 89.79
2.07 88.91
2.07 87.85
2.08 85.46
42.2
41.4
42.1
42.3
42.2
41.7
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.0
40.6
40.3
39.2
$2.04
2.15
2.12
2,12
2.18
2.14
2.13
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.18
458
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)—
Continued
M e t a l s h i p p i n g b a r r e ls ,
d r u m s , kegs, a n d p a ils
$97.16
97.75
97.06
96.05
98.65
97.64
96.70
103.53
103.58
102. 55
99.23
95.01
95.99
91.85
94. 22
42.8
40.9
41.3
40.7
41.8
41.2
41.5
43.5
42.8
42.2
40.5
39.1
39.5
37.8
38.3
$101.50
113.58
108.88
110.85
113. 71
111. 11
113. 62
112. 99
114. 70
111. 04
109.59
112. 75
116. 60
117.02
101. 26
41.6
42.7
42.2
42.8
43.4
42.9
43.2
42.8
42.8
41.9
41.2
41.3
42.4
42.4
38.5
42.4
40.7
41.9
41.7
41.9
41.4
41.4
41.1
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.1
38.7
39.2
39.1
1956: Average_____ $89.67
1957: Average........... 90. 47
January_____ 90.73
February____ 90.73
M arch______
90. 72
April................ 90.07
M ay...... ......... 89.42
June________ 89.64
Ju ly ................ 89.82
August . . . . . 89.38
September___ 90.23
October_____
90.64
November___ 89.28
December___ 90.39
1958: January......... . 88.18
42.7
41.5
42.2
42.2
42.0
41.7
41.4
41.5
41.2
41.0
41.2
41.2
40.4
40.9
39.9
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.21 $88.20
2.35 91.08
2.34 90. 72
2.32 91.58
2.34 91.14
2.33 90.27
2. 31 89.62
2.36 89.82
2.35 90.45
2.36 90.39
2.36 91.88
2.37 92. 70
2.36 92.48
2.37 89.47
2.37 87.91
41.4
40.2
40.9
40.8
40.7
40.4
40.4
40.7
39.6
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.0
40.5
40.3
42.8
41.1
42.1
42.3
41.9
41.9
40.0
41.6
41.3
41.6
42.0
40.4
39.7
40.5
40.2
$2.10 $89.45
2.18 91.02
2.15 88. 75
2.15 90.03
2.16 91.94
2.16 91. 52
2.16 91. 49
2.16 91.69
2.18 91.43
2.18 91.17
2.19 92.48
2.20 91.80
2.21 89.78
2.21 91.76
2. 21 91.03
41.8
41.0
40.9
41.3
41.6
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.0
40.7
41.1
40.8
39.9
40.6
40.1
$2.09 $85. 63
2.20 87.99
2.16 89. 66
2.16 90. 08
2.17 89. 66
2.17 89.25
2.17 87.57
2.18 87.36
2.19 86.52
2. 21 86. 51
2.23 87.34
2.25 87.53
2.25 86.46
2.22 86.69
2.22 81.66
40.0
39.7
39.8
39.6
40.1
39.9
40.2
40.0
39.8
38.9
39.9
39.5
39.0
39.9
39.7
45.1
42.7
44.6
44.8
44.6
44.5
43.7
43.3
42.4
41.6
41.5
40.4
39.8
40.6
39.8
$2.14 $76.59
2.22 77.74
2.17 78.47
2.18 78.25
2.21 77.68
2.20 76.57
2.21 76.76
2.22 77.93
2.23 77.55
2.24 77.16
2.25 76.21
2.25 78.74
2.25 76.81
2.26 78.14
2.27 75.64
41.4
40.7
41.3
41.4
41.1
40.3
40.4
40.8
40.6
40.4
39.9
40.8
39.8
40.7
39.6
$1.85
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.90
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.91
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.91
40.3
39.5
40.2
39.8
40.0
39.5
39.6
39.5
39.3
38.0
39.4
39.5
38.8
39.4
39.3
45.8
42.2
44.7
44.8
44.0
43.7
42.8
42.5
41.0
41.0
40.5
40.1
39.1
39.8
38.8
46.2
44.6
47.4
46.9
46.1
46.0
44.2
44.0
43.4
42.6
43.5
43.2
42.0
43.5
41.3
Total: Machinery
(except electrical)
42.2
41.0
41.9
41.9
41.8
41.4
41.1
41.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
$2.21
2.30
2.27
2.27
2. 28
2.28
2.28
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.34
A g r ic u ltu r a l m a c h in
e r y ( e x c e p t t r a c to r s )
$2.24 $S2.37
2.36 89.20
2.33 84. 67
2.33 86.07
2.33 89.47
2.32 89.28
2. 31 90.58
2.33 90.72
2.33 89.47
2.34 88.98
2.41 91.71
2.42 89.44
2.42 89.60
2.44 92. 92
2.44 92.63
$2.32
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2. 39
2.39
2.40
2.37
2.38
2.41
2.40
2.41
2. 41
2.38
P a p e r - in d u s tr ie s
m a c h in e r y
$97.48
96.78
102.86
101.77
100.04
99.82
95. 03
94.16
92.88
92.02
94.83
94.18
91.98
96.14
90.03
Machinery (except electrical)
$2.01 $93. 26
2.11 94.30
2.09 95.11
2.09 95.11
2.09 95.30
2.10 94.39
2.09 93. 71
2.10 94.53
2.10 93. 61
2.11 93.15
2.12 94.42
2.14 93.67
2.14 92.90
2.13 94.30
2.11 92.90
M a c h i n e to o ls
$2.41 $106.26
2.49 100.86
2.47 106.83
2.48 107.07
2.50 105.16
2.49 104.44
2.50 102.29
2.51 102.00
2.50 97.17
2.48 97.58
2.50 97.61
2.48 96.24
2.49 94.23
2. 51 95. 92
2.51 92.34
T e x t i l e m a c h in e r y
42.6
41.7
42.9
43.1
42.9
42.5
41.9
41.6
41.2
41.0
41.2
40.9
40.4
40.7
38.7
T r a c to r s
$2.17 $90. 27
2.30 93.22
2.26 93.67
2.27 92. 73
2.28 93. 20
2.27 91.64
2.27 91.48
2.29 92.04
2.28 91.67
2.29 88.92
2.34 94.95
2.35 95. 59
2.35 93.90
2.37 96.14
2.37 95.89
Metalworking ma
chinery *
$2.16 $108.69
2.27 106.32
2.20 110.16
2.24 111. 10
2.23 111.50
2. 25 110. 81
2.24 109. 25
2.25 108.68
2.26 106.00
2.27 103.17
2.31 103. 75
2.33 100.19
2.33 99.10
2.35 101.91
2.33 99.90
F o o d -p r o d u c ts
m a c h in e r y
42.2
41.4
42.0
42.4
42.0
41.6
41.3
41.2
41.3
40.9
41.2
41.2
41.1
40.3
39.6
S c r e w -m a c h in e
p r o d u c ts
Agricultural machin
ery and tractors *
$2.27 $86. 80
2.37 91.31
2.32 89.95
2.32 89. 89
2.31 91.43
2.31 90.57
2.35 91. 25
2.38 91.60
2.37 90.74
2.38 89.08
2.43 93.37
2.44 92.83
2.44 91.65
2.44 94.56
2.45 94.09
O ilfie ld m a c h in e r y
a n d to o ls
$2.17 $92.45
2.27 93.30
2.23 92.62
2.24 94.75
2.25 93.44
2.26 94.28
2.26 89.60
2.26 93.60
2.27 93.34
2.27 94.43
2.30 97.02
2.30 94.13
2.29 92.50
2.30 95.18
2. 30 93.67
Special-industry ma
chinery (except
metal working ma
chinery) *
40.8
40.7
41.0
40.3
41.1
40.6
40.4
41.5
40.3
41.0
40.6
39.6
39.3
38.7
38.2
B o lts , n u ts , w a sh ers,
a n d r iv e ts
D i e s e l a n d o th e r i n
t e r n a l c o m b u s ti o n ,
n o t e ls e w h e r e c l a s
s ifie d
$2.44 $93. 98
2.66 95.27
2.58 94.89
2. 59 94.66
2.62 94.02
2.59 93.32
2.63 94.94
2.64 96.87
2.68 93.85
2.65 94.01
2.66 97.44
2.73 96.62
2.75 97.60
2.76 98. 82
2.63 98.74
C o n s tr u c tio n a n d m i n
in g m a c h in e r y , e x
c e p t f o r o ilfie ld s
1956: Average_____ $92.01
1957: Average_____ 92.39
January.......... 93.44
February____ 93. 41
M arch______
94.28
April............... 93.56
M ay................ 93. 56
June...... ......... 92.89
Ju ly............. .
91.25
A ugust........... 91.25
September___ 92.46
October_____ 89.93
November___ 88.62
December___ 90.16
1958: January_____ 89.93
S te e l s p r in g s
$2.27 $90.17
2.39 95.65
2.35 95.94
2.36 93.50
2.36 96.17
2.37 94.60
2.33 93. 32
2.38 97. 94
2.42 94. 71
2.43 96. 76
2.45 95.82
2.43 93.85
2.43 92. 75
2.43 91.72
2.46 90.53
S te a m e n g in e s , t u r
b in e s , a n d w a te r
w h e e ls
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
January_____
February____
M arch______
April...............
M ay........... .
June...... ..........
July................
A ugust...........
September___
October_____
November___
December.......
1958: January_____
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
1956: Average...........
1957: Average...........
January_____
February____
M arch______
April................
M ay................
June...... .........
July____ ____
August............
September___
October..........
November___
December___
1958: January_____
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
39.6
40.0
39.2
39.3
40.3
40.4
40.8
40.5
40.3
39.9
40.4
39.4
39.3
40.4
40.1
43.2
41.6
42.3
42.6
42.6
42.7
42.0
41.7
41.6
41.2
42.1
40.2
39.7
40.2
39.0
43.7
41.7
43.0
43.4
42.8
42.8
42.7
41.1
41.1
39.6
40.8
41.3
41.0
40.9
40.7
41.5
41.0
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.1
41.2
41.3
40.6
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.7
41.1
39.8
$2.30
2. 46
2.39
2.40
2.40
2.39
2.44
2.46
2.47
2.47
2.50
2.53
2. 54
2. 54
2.50
Construction and
mining machinery *
42.5
40.8
42.0
41.9
41.9
41.6
41.0
41.3
40.5
40.6
40.8
39.5
39.0
39.6
39.5
$2.17
2.27
2.22
2.24
2.24
2.26
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.27
2.30
2.31
2.30
2.32
2.31
M a c h in e - to o l
a c c e s s o r ie s
$2.26 $115.12
2.39 112.67
2.34 116.68
2.35 118.36
2.36 119. 73
2.36 118. 82
2.38 116. 48
2.38 116. 33
2.41 113.10
2.41 108.03
2.44 107.68
2.43 103.38
2.44 102. 77
2. 45 106. 30
2. 45 105.82
P r in tin g -tr a d e s m a
c h in e r y a n d e q u i p
m en t
$2.11 $102.70
2.17 99. 66
2.17 101.91
2.17 104.16
2.17 101.86
2.17 102.29
2.15 102.05
2.14 97.82
2.14 98.23
2.16 92.27
2.18 97.10
2.18 99.12
2.19 98.81
2. 21 98.57
2.18 98. 90
$95.45
100.86
98. 47
99.12
99.36
98.23
100. 53
101.60
100.28
99. 29
101.00
101.45
103.38
104.39
99.25
$2.08 $92.23
2.23 92.62
2.16 93.24
2.19 93. 86
2. 22 93. 86
2.21 94.02
2.22 92. 25
2.24 93.34
2.22 91.94
2.23 92.16
2.27 93.84
2. 27 91.25
2.28 89.70
2.30 91.87
2.31 91.25
M e ta lw o rk in g
m a
c h in e r y ( e x c e p t m a
c h in e to o ls)
$97.63
99.42
98.98
100.11
100. 54
100. 77
99.96
99.25
100. 26
99.29
102. 72
97.69
96.87
98.49
95. 55
Engines and turbines *
45.5
43.5
45.4
45.7
45.7
45.7
44.8
44.4
43.5
42.2
41.9
40.7
40.3
41.2
40.7
$2.53
2.59
2.57
2.59
2.62
2.60
2.60
2.62
2.60
2.56
2.57
2.54
2.55
2.58
2.60
General industrial
machinery *
$2.35 $92.87
2.39 92.89
2.37 93.44
2.40 93.44
2.38 93.63
2.39 92.10
2.39 92.51
2.38 92. 48
2.39 92.21
2. 33 92.62
2.38 94.99
2.40 93.38
2. 41 92.23
2. 41 93.79
2.43 91.08
42.6
41.1
41.9
41.9
41.8
41.3
41.3
41.1
40.8
40.8
41.3
40.6
40.1
40.6
39.6
$2.18
2.26
2.23
2.23
2.24
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.31
2.30
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
459
Table C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ing!
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Machinery (except electrical)—Continued
P u m p s , a ir a n d g a s
co m p resso rs
1056: Average_____ $90.53
1957: Average........... 90.20
January_____ 01.12
February........ 92.43
M arch______
90.91
April................ 89.19
M ay________ 91.10
June................ 90.39
J u ly ................ 89.54
August______ 88. 88
September___ 92.74
90.72
October_____
November___ 88.31
December....... 89.82
1958: January........... 88.03
42.5 $2.13 $97.61
41.0 2.20 98.59
41.8 2.18 96.98
42.4 2.18 98.56
41.7 2.18 99.83
41.1 2.17 99.36
41.6 2.19 97. 81
40.9 2.21 96.93
40.7 2.20 97.70
40.4 2.20 99.29
41.4 2.24 100.02
40.5 2.24 98.64
39.6 2.23 96. 56
40.1 2.24 100.12
39.3 2.24 94.64
Office and store ma
chines and devices *
1056: Average_____ $90.23
1957: Average.........- 90.63
January......... . 91.46
February____ 91.21
M a rc h ...____ 90.76
April............... 89. 47
M ay________ 88. 93
June________ 89.89
J u ly ............... 89. 78
August............ 89. 72
September___ 91.43
91.54
October_____
November___ 92.73
December___ 92.73
1958: January_____ 91.03
41.2
40.1
41.2
40.9
40.7
40.3
39.7
39.6
39.9
39.7
40.1
39.8
39.8
39.8
38.9
$2.19
2.26
2.22
2.23
2.23
2.22
2.24
2.27
2.25
2.26
2.28
2. 30
2.33
2. 33
2.34
S e w in g m a c h in e s
1056: Average.......... $88.97
1057: Average_____ 89.20
January_____ 86.46
February____ 86.11
87.78
March______
April............... 88.80
M ay________ 89. 87
June________ 89.42
J u l y ............... 90.27
A u g u st.......... 90. 72
September___ 88.40
O ctober......... 88.09
November___ 93.48
December___ 93.20
1958: January_____ 91.03
C on veyors a n d co n
v e y in g e q u i p m e n t
43.0
41.6
41.8
42.3
42.3
42.1
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.5
41.1
40.4
41.2
39.6
$2.27
2.37
2.32
2.33
2.36
2.36
2.34
2.33
2.36
2.41
2.41
2.40
2.39
2. 43
2.39
C o m p u t i n g m a c h in e s
a n d c a sh r e g is te r s
$96.05
98.01
99.30
98.53
97.58
95.34
96.56
97.60
99.14
97.28
99.38
98.95
100.25
100.10
99.85
41.4
40.5
41.9
41.4
41.0
40.4
40.4
40.0
40.8
40.2
40.4
39.9
40.1
40.2
40.1
$2.32
2.42
2.37
2.38
2.38
2.36
2.39
2.44
2.43
2.42
2.46
2. 48
2. 50
2. 49
2.49
R e f r ig e r a to r s a n d a ir c o n d itio n in g u n i t s
41.0 $2.17 $86.22
40.0 2.23 87.25
39.3 2.20 87.78
39.5 2.18 90.58
39.9 2. 20 88.62
40.0 2.22 84.26
40.3 2.23 84. 48
40.1 2.23 86. 41
40.3 2. 24 86.24
40.5 2.24 87.64
40.0 2.21 88.48
39.5 2.23 89.93
41.0 2.28 86.94
40.7 2.29 88.82
40.1 2.27 91.66
40.1
39.3
39.9
40.8
40.1
38.3
38.4
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.5
39.1
38.3
39.3
40.2
$2.15
2.22
2.20
2.22
2.21
2.20
2.20
2.21
2.20
2.23
2.24
2.30
2. 27
2.26
2.28
B lo w e r s , e x h a u s t a n d
v e n t i l a t in g f a n s
$86.53
87.70
87.76
85.65
86.28
85.05
86.88
87. 72
88.04
86.67
91.21
88.44
87.56
89.79
87.30
41.8 $2.07 $91.12
40.6 2.16 90.00
41.2 2.13 87.78
40.4 2.12 88.18
40.7 2.12 89. 47
40.5 2.10 60. 54
40.6 2.14 89. 47
40.8 2.15 90.50
40.2 2.19 90.85
40.5 2.14 90.90
40.9 2.23 92.69
40.2 2.20 90.46
39.8 2.20 88.46
41.0 2.19 90.23
39.5 2.21 90.00
T y p e w rite r s
$82.20
76.64
76.43
76.04
77.41
77.61
75. 27
75.08
74.31
75.66
75.27
78.01
78. 41
79.20
71.68
41.1
39.3
39.6
39.4
39.9
39.8
39.0
38.9
38.5
39.0
38.6
39.8
39.6
39.8
36.2
Service-industry and
household machines »
$2.00
1.95
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.93
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.98
1.99
1.98
$86.24
87.30
86.55
88.70
87.60
84.16
84.58
86.07
86.51
87.07
89.42
90.12
87.08
87.81
90.17
40.3
39.5
39.7
40.5
40.0
38.6
38.8
39.3
39.5
39.4
40.1
39.7
38.7
39.2
39.9
$2.14
2.21
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.19
2. 21
2.23
2.27
2.25
2.24
2.26
F a b r ic a te d p i p e , f i t
t i n g s , a n d va lv e s
41.7 $2.15 $88.99
40.8 2.24 91.13
41.9 2.21 91.02
41.8 2. 21 91.24
41.6 2.22 90.58
41.1 2.21 90.32
40.9 2.22 89.24
40.7 2.25 90.32
40.5 2.25 89.20
40.5 2.25 89. 82
40.5 2.26 91. 71
40.3 2.28 91.54
39.9 2.29 92.63
40.5 2.29 95.35
39.8 2.28 93.03
M e c h a n ic a l p o w e r t r a n s m i s s io n e q u i p
m en t
41.8 $2.18 $95.24
40.0 2. 25 94.53
39.9 2.20 95.76
39.9 2.21 95.15
40.3 2.22 96.18
40.6 2.23 93.98
40.3 2.22 93.48
40.4 2.24 94.12
40.2 2.26 92.92
40.4 2.25 93.89
40.3 2.30 94. 71
39.5 2.29 93.96
38.8 2.28 93.83
39.4 2.29 93.60
39.3 2.29 90. 71
*
Miscellaneous ma
chinery parts *
$89.66
91.39
92.60
92.38
92.35
90.83
90.80
91.58
91.13
91.13
91.53
91.88
91.37
92.75
90.74
I n d u s tr ia l tru c k s,
tr a c to r s , etc .
41.2
40.5
41.0
41.1
40.8
40.5
40.2
40.5
40.0
40.1
40.4
39.8
40.1
41.1
40.1
$2.16
2.25
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.22
2.23
2.23
2.24
2.27
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.32
42.9 $2.22 $90.92
41.1 2.30 94.62
42.0 2.28 93.24
42.1 2.26 91.49
42.0 2. 29 93.88
41.4 2.27 93. 41
41.0 2.28 92. 77
41.1 2.29 94.69
40.4 2.30 90. 74
41.0 2.29 94.39
41.0 2.31 99.64
40.5 2.32 98.00
40.1 2.34 94. 66
40.0 2.34 96.82
39.1 2.32 92.10
D o m e stic la u n d r y
e q u ip m e n t
$89.32
90.06
84.67
85.91
84.80
80.74
86.69
88.26
89.60
87.98
99.78
98.65
87.93
83.68
90.46
41.9
41.5
42.0
41.4
42.1
41.7
41.6
41.9
39.8
41.4
42.4
41.7
40.8
41.2
39.7
$2.17
2.28
2.22
2.21
2.23
2.24
2.23
2.26
2.28
2.28
2.35
2.35
2.32
2.35
2.32
C o m m e r c ia l l a u n d r y ,
d r y - c le a n in g , a n d
p r e s s i n g m a c h in e s
40.6 $2.20 $81.34
39.5 2.28 82.62
37.8 2.24 79.56
38.7 2.22 79.20
38.2 2.22 80.59
36.7 2.20 81.76
38.7 2.24 81.18
39.4 2.24 79.79
40.0 2.24 86.52
39.1 2.25 83. 43
42.1 2.37 87.99
41.8 2.36 87. 57
37.9 2.32 86.30
36.7 2.28 85.06
39.5 2.29 84.84
B a l l a n d r o lle r
b e a r in g s
$89.01
89.15
91. 91
91.24
91.43
87.34
88.36
88.48
89. 55
88.70
89.27
88.76
87.94
88.08
87.62
M e c h a n i c a l s to k e r s
a n d i n d u s t r ia l
fu rn a c e s a n d ovens
41.5 $1.96
40.7 2.03
40.8 1.95
40.0 1.98
40.7 1.98
41.5 1.97
41.0 1.98
39.5 2.02
42.0 2.06
40.5 2.06
41.9 2.10
41.7 2.10
40.9 2.11
40.7 2.09
40.4 2.10
M a c h i n e s h o p s (Job
a n d r e p a ir )
41.4 $2.15 $90.31
39.8 2.24 92.74
41.4 2.22 93.93
41.1 2.22 93.93
41.0 2.23 93.68
39.7 2.20 92.60
39.8 2. 22 92.57
39.5 2.24 93.11
39.8 2.25 93.07
39.6 2.24 92.48
39.5 2.26 92.43
39.1 2.27 93.30
38.4 2.29 92.11
38.8 2.27 93.02
38.6 2. 27 91.25
42.2
41.4
42.5
42.5
42.2
41.9
41.7
41.2
41.0
41.1
40.9
41.1
40.4
40.8
40.2
$2.14
2.24
2.21
2. 21
2.22
2.21
2.22
2.28
2.27
2.25
2.28
2.27
2. 28
2.28
2.27
Electrical machinery
Total: Electrical
machinery
1956: Average_____ $80. 78
1957: Average_____ 82.80
January_____ 82.82
February____ 83.23
83. 43
M arch______
April............... 83.02
M a y .............. 82. 21
J u n e ............... 83.02
J u ly ............... 81.39
August............ 82.81
September___ 83.21
October........... 81.95
November___ 82.95
December....... 83.35
1958: January_____ j 82.89
40.8
40.0
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.3
40.1
40.3
39.7
40.2
40.2
39.4
39.5
39.5
39.1
See footnotes>t end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$1.98
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.12
Electrical generating,
transmission, distri
bution, and indus
trial apparatus *
$87.15
88.70
88.13
88.13
88. 75
87.89
87.67
89.13
88.91
89.32
90.13
89.20
90.00
90.45
88.09
41.5
40.5
40.8
40.8
40.9
40.5
40.4
40.7
40.6
40.6
40.6
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.5
$2.10
2.19
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.20
2.22
2.23
2.25
2. 25
2.23
W i r in g d e v ic e s a n d
s u p p lie s
$76.11
76.82
76.97
77.57
77.39
76.24
76.43
77.41
77.03
75.46
76.83
76.44
78.21
78.21
77.42
C a r b o n a n d g r a p h ite
p r o d u c t s (e le c tr ic a l)
40.7 $1.87 $84.46
39.6 1.94 84.38
40.3 1.91 85.89
40.4 1.92 84.65
40.1
1.93 85.88
39.5 1.93 85.26
39.6 1.93 84.40
39.9 1.94 84.23
39.3 1.96 84. 77
39.1 1.93 85.20
39.4 1.95 84.35
38.8 1.97 82. 68
39.3 1.99 84. 71
39.3 1.99 82. 47
39.1 1.98 83.95
E le c t r i c a l i n d i c a ti n g ,
m e a s u r in g , a n d r e
c o r d in g i n s t r u m e n t s
41.2 $2.05 $80.16
39.8 2.12 81.61
40.9 2.10 80.00
40.5 2.09 81.61
40.7 2.11 81.00
40.6 2.10 81.20
40.0 2.11 81.20
40.3 2.09 83.03
39.8 2.13 81.81
40.0 2.13 81.80
39.6 2.13 82.61
38.1 2.17 82.00
39.4 2.15 83.02
38.9 2.12 81.58
39.6 2.12 80.16
M o t o r s , g e n e r a to r s ,
a n d m o to r - g e n e r a to r
s e ts
40.9 $1.96 $90.86
40.2 2.03 94.19
40.2 1.99 91.98
40.4 2.02 91.53
40.1 2.02 92.39
40.0 2.03 90.85
40.2 2.02 91.25
40.9 2.03 93.79
40.3 2.03 94.48
40.1 2.04 95.76
40.1 2.06 96.29
40.0 2.05 97.03
40.3 2.06 96.56
39.6 2.06 96.63
39.1 2.05 93.06
41.3 $2. 20
40.6 2, 32
40.7 2. 26
40.5 2. 26
40.7 2 27
40.2 2. 26
40.2 2. 27
40.6 2.31
40.9 2.31
41.1 2.33
40.8 2,36
40.6 2.39
40.4 2.39
40.6 2.38
39.6 2.35
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
460
T able
C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Electrical machinery—Continued
P o w e r a n d d is tr ib u
t i o n t r a n s fo r m e r s
1956: Average........... $92.62
1957: Average........... 93.15
January_____ 93.89
February____ 94.76
M arch............. 95.17
93. 89
April_______
M ay.............. - 91.94
June...... ........ - 92.80
July................. 94.07
93.43
August--.
September___ 92.92
91.25
October.........
November___ 92.34
December____ 92.50
1958: January_____ 90.46
42.1
40.5
41.0
41.2
41.2
41.0
40.5
40.7
40.9
40.8
40.4
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
$2.20 $90.30
2. 30 92.48
2.29 91.91
2. 30 91.72
2.31 92.13
2.29 92.13
2.27 92.10
2.28 93.15
2.30 92.70
2.29 93.11
2.30 94.39
2.31 92.52
2.32 93.03
2. 33 96.35
2.29 92.90
Electric lamps
1956: Average.........- $75.07
1957: Average_____ 76.81
January_____ 78.12
February____ 77. 55
77.36
March______
76.19
April_______
M ay________ 74.86
June________ 75.65
July— ........... 74.48
August______ 75.84
September___ 78.20
October_____ 78.41
November___ 79.00
December____ 77.21
1958: January,....... . 78.20
S w it c h g e a r ,
s w it c h
board, a n d in d u s
t r ia l c o n tr o ls
42.0
41.1
41.4
41.5
41.5
41.6
41.3
41.4
41.2
41.2
41.4
40.4
40.1
41.0
39.7
$2.15 $101.20
2. 25 96.74
2.22 99.79
2.21 100. 25
2.22 101. 38
2.22 97. 44
2. 23 98.18
2. 25 99. 53
2.25 91.71
2.26 99.12
2.28 95. 91
2. 29 94. 37
2.32 92.73
2.35 92.17
2. 34 91.94
Communication
equipment »
40.8 $1. 84 $75.95
1.93 78.41
39.8
1. 91 78.40
40.9
1.91 79.58
40.6
1. 91 79.59
40.5
1.90 79.19
40.1
1.90 79. 00
39.4
1.92 79. 59
39.4
1.90 75.85
39.2
39. 5 1. 92 78.00
1.96 78. 40
39.9
1.98 76.44
39.6
2.00 77.22
39.5
1.99 78.40
38.8
2.00 79.36
39.1
40.4
39.8
40.0
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.4
39.1
40.0
40.0
39.0
39.0
39.2
38.9
E l e c tr i c a l w e ld in g
a p p a r a tu s
44.0
41.7
43.2
43.4
43.7
42.0
42.6
42.9
39.7
42.0
41.7
40.5
39.8
39.9
39.8
$2.30 $80.60
2.32 83.10
2.31 82.58
2.31 82. 74
2.32 82. 92
2.32 82.50
2.31 81.83
2.32 82. 43
2.31 82.08
2.36 82. 47
2.30 83.10
2. 33 83. 74
2.33 83.92
2. 31 84.63
2.31 81.97
R a d io s , p h o n o g ra p h s,
te le v is io n s e ts , a n d
e q u ip m e n t
$1.88 $72. 98
1.97 75.83
1.96 75.24
1.96 76.40
1.97 76.80
1. 97 76.61
1.97 76. 21
1.97 76.97
1.94 75.24
1. 95 76.00
1.96 76.02
1.96 74.30
1.98 75.08
2.00 76.64
2.04 77. 40
40.1
39.7
39.6
40.0
40.0
39.9
39.9
40.3
39.6
40.0
39.8
38.9
38.9
39.1
38.7
Electrical appliances
39.9
39.2
39.7
39.4
39.3
39.1
38.6
38.7
38.9
38.9
39.2
39.5
39.4
39.0
37.6
39.1
38.9
37.7
39.1
39.3
38.9
38.8
39.5
37.7
40.1
40.1
38.6
37.8
38.3
38.7
1956: Average....... __ $87.12
1957: Average........... 90.27
January.......... 89.10
February____ 89.54
March______ 88.44
April............... 86.94
M ay________ 86.94
June________ 89. 42
July------------- 87. 86
August............ 92.25
September___ 93.94
October_____ 94.35
November___ 91.03
December___ 89.44
1958: January_____ 88.30
40.9
40.3
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.7
39.7
40.1
39.4
41.0
41.2
41.2
40.1
39.4
38.9
$2.13 $64.48
2.24 68.23
2.20 66.86
2.20 67.43
2.20 68.34
2.19 70.18
2.19 70.11
2.23 67. 43
2. 23 66. 59
2. 25 67.66
2.28 67. 49
2.29 67. 82
2.27 67.64
2. 27 68.63
2. 27 69.03
T r u c k a n d b u s b o d ie s
1956: Average........... $81.41
1957: Average_____ 84.35
January_____ 81.35
February____ 83.79
85.01
March______
April........ ...... 85.86
83.37
M ay..............
June...... .......... 83.35
Ju ly ................ 84.80
August______ 87.26
September___ 85.79
82.94
October_____
November___ 83. 81
December___ 86.33
1958: January_____ 86.33
40.3
39.6
39.3
39.9
40.1
40.5
39.7
39.5
40.0
40.4
39.9
38.4
38.8
39.6
39.6
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
P r i m a r y b a tte r ie s
( d r y a n d w e t)
39.8
39.9
39.8
39.9
40.2
40.8
41.0
39.9
39.4
39.8
39.7
39.2
39.1
39.9
39.9
T r a il e r s ( t r u c k a n d
a u to m o b ile )
$2.02 $82.80
2.13 80.75
2.07 80.11
2.10 78. 74
2.12 79.75
2.12 80.94
2.10 79.93
2.11 83.01
2.12 80.32
2.16 83. 42
2.15 85.28
2.16 85.68
2.16 76. 47
2.18 81.09
2.18 78.17
40.0
39.2
38.7
38.6
38.9
39.1
38.8
40.1
38.8
40.3
41.0
40.8
37.3
38.8
37.4
X - r a y a n d n o n r a d io
e le c tr o n ic tu b e s
$1.62 $87. 53
1.71 89.20
1.68 86.76
1.69 87.60
1.70 89.10
1. 72 88.00
1.71 88. 26
1.69 89.06
1.69 92.48
1.70 90. 68
1.70 89.60
1.73 90.97
1.73 92.11
1. 72 91.76
1.73 91.94
$1.97 $84. 42
2.05 86.07
2.04 86.62
2.03 85.32
2.04 84.10
2.03 83. 85
2.04 83. 03
2.04 85.58
2.05 85. 58
2.07 86. 46
2.05 87. 91
2.05 86.58
2.07 86. 52
2.04 86.52
2.05 86.46
$1. 72 $95.24
1.81 94.16
1.75 100. 25
1. 77 100.53
1.78 98.67
1. 79 97. 75
1.80 95.49
1.82 94.81
1.80 85.91
1. 82 91.03
1.86 91.76
1.86 90.12
1.85 93.38
1.86 92.75
1.86 92. 66
42.9
41.3
43.4
43.9
42.9
42.5
41.7
41.4
38.7
40.1
40.6
39.7
40.6
40.5
39.6
40.2
39.3
40.1
39.5
39.3
39.0
38.8
38.9
38.9
39.3
39.6
39.0
38.8
38.8
38.6
$2.10
2.19
2.18
2.16
2.14
2.15
2.14
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.22
2.22
2.23
2.23
2.24
Miscellaneous elec
trical products »
T e l e p h o n e , te le g r a p h ,
a n d r e la te d e q u i p
m ent
40.9
40.0
39.8
40.0
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.3
41.1
40.3
40.0
39.9
40.4
40.6
40.5
Total: Transporta
tion equipment
$2.14 $94. 71
2.23 98.01
2.18 99. 25
2.19 98. 36
2.20 97.82
2.20 96.22
2.19 94.56
2. 21 96.24
2.25 95.20
2.25 97.69
2.24 97.66
2.28 97. 57
2.28 101.75
2.26 99.70
2. 27 95.20
Aircraft and parts 5
$2.07 $95.99
2.06 97.00
2.07 99.26
2.04 98.56
2.05 99.17
2.07 99.12
2.06 94.60
2.07 95.00
2.07 94. 94
2. 07 96.15
2.08 95.68
2.10 95.84
2.05 96.40
2.09 99.06
2.09 98.82
42.8
41.5
41.8
41.6
41.9
42.1
42.4
42.2
41.3
41.3
42.1
41.1
40.6
40.8
40.0
Electrical equipment
for vehicles
$2.22 $78.34
2.28 81.61
2.31 81.20
2.29 82. 01
2.30 81.00
2.30 80.79
2.29 80.20
2.29 80.80
2.22 80.60
2.27 82. 21
2. 26 83.23
2.27 83.22
2.30 82.82
2. 29 82.80
2. 34 82.58
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.7
40.8
40.4
40.4
40.0
39.7
$1.92
2.02
2.01
2.02
2.00
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.00
2.02
2.04
2.06
2.05
2.07
2.08
Transportation equipment
Electrical machinery—Continued
S to r a g e b a tte r ie s
$2.02 $84.32
2.12 85.08
2.08 85.27
2.10 84. 45
2.11 85. 48
2.11 85.46
2.12 86. 50
2.13 86.09
2.11 84.67
2.12 85.49
2.12 86.31
2.12 84.26
2.13 84.04
2.17 83.23
2.18 82.00
R a d i o tu b e s
$1.82 $67.25
1.91 70.41
1.90 65.98
1.91 69. 21
1.92 69. 95
1.92 69.63
1.91 69.84
1.91 71.89
1.90 67. 86
1.90 72.98
1.91 74.59
1.91 71.80
1.93 69.93
1. 96 71.24
2.00 71.98
Insulated wire and
cable
42.1
41.1
42.8
42.3
42.2
42.0
40.6
40.6
40.4
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.0
40.6
40.5
$2.28 $94.89
2.36 95.65
2.33 97. 71
2.33 97. 21
2.35 98.05
2.36 97.76
2.33 92.80
2. 34 92.97
2.35 93.13
2. 38 95. 04
2.38 94.80
2.39 95.20
2.41 95. 52
2.44 97.53
2.44 98.42
41.0
40.5
41.7
41.5
41.1
40.6
39.9
40.1
39.5
40.2
39.7
39.5
40.7
40.2
38.7
$2.31
2.42
2.38
2.37
2.38
2.37
2.37
2.40
2.41
2. 43
2. 46
2. 47
2.50
2.48
2. 46
$94.71
99.54
100.36
99.29
97.12
94.17
93.84
97.42
94.71
98.80
99.43
99.31
108. 62
100.90
92.26
40.3
40.3
41.3
41.2
40.3
39.4
39.1
39.6
38.5
40.0
39.3
39.1
42.1
40.2
37.2
$2.35
2.47
2.43
2. 41
2.41
2.39
2.40
2. 46
2.46
2. 47
2.53
2. 54
2. 58
2. 51
2.48
A ir c r a ft e n g in e s a n d
p a r ts
A ir c r a ft
41.8
40.7
42.3
41.9
41.9
41.6
40.0
39.9
39.8
40.1
40.0
40.0
39.8
40.3
40.5
Motor vehicles and
equipment »*
$2.27
2.35
2.31
2.32
2.34
2.35
2.32
2.33
2.34
2. 37
2.37
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.43
$96.67
98.47
102.82
102.62
101.20
100. 25
95.06
96. 76
96.29
96.16
95.11
96.78
97.17
100. 65
98.64
42.4
41.2
43.2
43.3
42.7
42.3
40.8
41.0
40.8
39.9
39.3
39.5
39.5
40.1
39.3
$2.28
2.39
2.38
2.37
2.37
2.37
2. 33
2.36
2.36
2.41
2.42
2. 45
2.46
2. 51
2. 51
M o t o r v e h ic le s , bodies,
p a r t s , a n d accessorie»
$96.15
101.00
101.84
101.02
98.17
95.11
95.01
98.60
96.00
100.15
100. 74
100.49
110. 66
102.11
93.37
40.4
40.4
41.4
41.4
40.4
39.3
39.1
39.6
38.4
39.9
39.2
39.1
42.4
40.2
37.2
$2.38
2.50
2.46
2.44
2.43
2.42
2.43
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.57
2.57
2.61
2.54
2. 51
A i r c r a f t p r o p e lle r s
a n d p a r ts
$96.93
98.23
92. 52
95.17
97.16
102. 58
97.76
96.12
95.88
98. 29
97.23
98. 77
98. 77
101. 76
101.04
42.7
41.8
40.4
41.2
41.7
43.1
41.6
40.9
40.8
41.3
41.2
41.5
41.5
42.4
42.1
$2.27
2.35
2. 29
2.31
2.33
2.38
2. 35
2.35
2.35
2.38
2.36
2.38
2.38
2.40
2.40
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T a ble
461
C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg. Avg.
wkly. wkly.
earn hours
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
*
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg. Avg. Avg.
hrly. wkly. wkly.
earn earn hours
ings
ings
Avg.
hrly.
earn
ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Year and month
Transportation equipment--Continued
O th e r a ir c r a f t p a r t s
a n d e q u ip m e n t
1056: Average_____
1957: Average_____
January..........
February____
M arch______
April............ ..
M ay________
June________
J u ly ................
August______
September___
O c to b e r.___
November___
December___
1958: January. . . .
$98. 24
99. 54
101 76
100.15
101. 05
101.24
99.17
100.06
99.30
99.07
99. 84
97. 75
98.09
100. 67
100. 60
Ship and boat buildin g and repairing «
42.9 $2 29 $89.10
2. 37 94. 80
42.0
43 3 2. 35 93. 67
42.8
2.34 94. 40
2. 35 94.80
43.0
42.9
2. 36 94. 87
42.2
2.35 96. 32
42.4
2.36 96.15
41.9
2.37 97.20
2. 37 97.28
41.8
41.6
2. 40 96. 53
40.9
2.39 95. 55
40. 7 2.41 90.15
2. 42 94.77
41.6
41.4
2. 43 93. 41
S h ip b u ild in g a n d
r e p a ir in g
39.6 $2. 25 $92. 27
39.5
2.40 97.17
40. 2 2. 33 96.88
2 36 97.11
40.0
40.0
2. 37 97.70
40.2
2. 36 97.60
40.3
2. 39 98.65
40.4
2.38 98.98
40.5
2.40 99.23
40. 2 2. 42 99. 29
39.4
2. 45 98. 50
39.0
2.45 97. 50
37.1
2. 43 91.88
39.0
2. 43 97.11
2. 42 95. 87
38.6
39.6
39.5
40. 2
39.8
39. 9
40.0
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.4
39.0
36.9
39.0
38.5
$2.33 $73. 57
2. 46 77.01
2. 41 74. 43
2. 44 78.06
2. 45 76.14
2. 44 77. 93
2. 46 80 03
2. 45 78.72
2. 45 79. 59
2. 47 77. 82
2.50 77.82
2. 50 77.41
2.49 75.25
2.49 77. 22
2.49 76.64
Transportation equipment--Continued
F a U r o a d a n d s tr e e t
cars
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
January_____
February____
M arch______
April________
M ay________
June........... .
Ju ly ________
A ugust...........
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
$91.96
100.95
97. 66
98.4(1
99.94
99.60
99.10
97.96
100.30
99. 29
102. 56
98.43
103. 36
105. 07
102.70
38.8
39.9
39. 7
40.0
40.3
40.0
39.8
39.5
39.8
39.4
39.6
38.3
39.6
39.8
39.2
40.2
39.5
39.3
40.4
40.4
40.1
40.4
40.1
39.1
40.1
40.6
39.6
37.7
37.6
39.5
40. 2 $1.83 $94. 56
39.9
1.93 101. 30
1.87 98.74
39.8
41.3
1.89 98.98
40.5
1.88 100.28
40.8
1.91 100. 44
41.9
1.91 98. 55
1.92 99.10
41.0
40.4
1.97 100.80
39.5
1.97 99. 79
39.5
1.97 103.86
38.9
1.99 99. 46
38.2
1.97 102. 56
39.2
1.97 104.67
39.1
1. 96 101. 92
$1.93 $82. 01
2.02 85.24
1.97 84.66
1.99 85.69
1.98 85. 47
1.98 85. 26
2.01 84. 42
2.03 85.46
2.03 84.61
2.05 84. 00
2.04 86.46
2.05 85. 39
2. 05 85. 60
2.06 85. 57
2.10 84.71
40.8
40.4
40.7
41.0
40.7
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.1
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.4
Laboratory. seientifie, and engineering instruments
$2.01 $94. 95
2.11 97.17
2. 08 99. 03
2.09 99. 26
2. 10 98. 65
2.10 97.34
2.10 93.03
2.11 96.05
2.11 95. 04
2. 10 94. 09
2.14 96. 72
2.14 95.68
2.14 98. 25
2. 15 100. 28
2.15 100. 45
42. 2
41.0
42.5
42.6
41.8
41.6
40.1
40.7
40.1
39.7
40.3
39.7
40.6
41.1
41.0
1956: Average.......... $71.51
1957: Average_____ 74.37
January_____ 72. 94
February____ 74. 48
March______
73. 71
A pril.............. 73.38
M ay........... .
74. 15
June________ 75.30
Ju ly ..... ........... 74.00
A u g u st_____ 74. 69
September___ 75.92
October_____
76.17
November___ 75.05
December...
75. 81
1958: January_____ 75.05
Ophthalmic goods t
40. 4 $1. 77 $64. 48
40.2
1.85 67.09
40.3
1.81 64. 55
40.7
1.83 66. 23
40. 5
1. 82 67. 77
40.1
1.83 67. 54
1.84 67. 77
40.3
40.7
1.85 67. 54
40.0
1.85 67.83
40. 1 1.86 68. 40
40.6
1.87 69.08
40.3
1.89 67.49
39.5
1.90 65.63
39.9
1.90 64.30
39.5
1.90 69.16
J e w e lr y a n d fin d in g s
458901— 58------7
Photographic apparatus
$1.60 $91. 46
1.69 95.00
1.63 94. 30
1.66 93.89
1.69 93. 84
1.68 93. 84
1.69 94.02
1.68 94.71
1.70 94. 02
1. 71 92. 75
1.71 97.20
1.70 95. 76
1.67 97.20
1.71 96. 96
1.82 93.85
S ilv e r w a r e a n d p la te d
w a re
1956: Average_____ $69.06
41.6 $1.66 $33. 38
1957: Average_____ 70.24
40.6
1.73 84.87
January_____ 68. 28 40.4
1.69 82.00
1. 70 84. 66
February____ 68. 85 40.5
M arch______
68.80
1. 72 86. 72
40.0
April............... 68. 68 39.7
1.73 84.23
M ay...... .......... 69.60
1. 74 80.20
40.0
June................ 70.88
40.5
1.75 80.20
J u ly ................ 67.49
39.7
1.70 81.20
August............ 70. 47 40. 5 1. 74 85.90
September___ 72.38
41.6
1.74 89. 67
October_____
1.74 88.41
70. 99 40.8
71.28
November__
40.5
1.76 86.94
December___
73.63
41.6
1.77 83.64
1958: January_____ 70.05' 39.8
1.76 79. 39
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
40.3
39.7
39.6
39.9
40.1
40.2
40.1
40.2
39.9
40.0
40.4
39.7
39.3
37.6
38.0
39.9
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.6
40.5
39.9
39.8
40.0
39.6
40.1
38.7
39.6
39.8
39.2
$2.37
2. 52
2.45
2. 45
2 47
2.48
2. 47
2. 49
2.52
2. 52
2.59
2.57
2. 59
2.63
2.60
L o c o m o tiv e s a n d
p a r ts
$99.17
102.25
101. 75
100. 85
101.02
102. 48
97.28
102. 47
102. 56
103. 22
107. 38
102.94
100. 73
103. 48
100.10
42.2 $2, 35
40.9
2.50
2.44
41.7
41.5
2. 43
41. 4 2 44
42.0
2 44
40.2
2.42
40.5
?.. 53
40.7
?.. 52
2. 53
40.8
41.3
2.60
39.9
?.. 58
39.5
?.. 55
39.8
2.60
39.1
?.. 56
41.9 $1.99 $80. 54
41.4
2.05 82.62
41. 0 2.00 81.00
41. 5 2.04 82.01
42.3
2. 05 83. 43
41.7
2.02 83.44
40.1
2.00 82. 42
40.1
2.00 82.00
40.4
2.01 73.53
2. 06 81.80
41.7
2.10 84.87
42.7
42.3
2.09 85. 70
42.0
2.07 84.87
40.8
2.05 84. 46
2.02 80. 55
39.3
41.0
40.6
40.8
41.1
41.0
41.1
40.7
40.7
40.1
40.4
49.4
40.3
40.0
39.8
39.4
Optical instruments
and lenses
$2.04 $83.03
2.13 85.63
2. 10 83.98
2.11 85.24
2.12 85.24
2.13 85.05
2.13 85. 41
2.13 85.84
2.12 85.84
2.12 84. 38
2.15 86.24
2.15 86. 00
2.15 85.63
2.15 84. 77
2.15 82.86
40.5
40.2
39.8
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.1
40.3
40.3
39.8
40 3
40.0
40.2
39.8
38.9
$2.05
?.. 13
2.11
2.11
2.11
?.. 10
2.13
2.13
2.13
2.12
2.14
?.. 15
2.13
?.. 13
?.. 13
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Watches and clocks
41.2 $2. 22 $70. 77
40.6
2. 34 72.34
41.0
2.30 71.97
41.0
2. 29 73. 47
2. 30 72.34
40.8
40.8
2.30 70.10
40.7
2.31 71.23
41.0
2.31 72.15
40.7
2.31 69.66
40. 5 2.29 71.97
40.5
2.40 75.36
39.9
2. 40 73.10
40.5
2.40 73. 66
40.4
2. 40 72.18
2. 37 69. 94
39.6
Musical instruments
and parts
Mechanical measuring and controlling
instruments
$2.25 $83. 64
2.37 86.48
2. 33 85. 68
2.33 86. 72
2.36 86. 92
2. 34 87. 54
2.32 86. 69
2.36 86.69
2.37 85.01
2. 37 85. 65
2. 40 86.86
2.41 86.65
2.42 86.00
2. 44 85. 57
2. 45 84. 71
Instruments and related products—Continued
Surgical, medical,
and dental instruments
Railroad 6Quipiutiul ®
Instruments and related products
Other transportation Total: Instruments
equipment
and related products
$2. 37 $77. 59
2. 53 79. 79
2. 46 77. 42
2.46 80. 40
2. 48 79.99
2. 49 79.40
2. 49 81.20
2. 48 81.40
2. 52 79.37
2. 52 82. 21
2. 59 82.82
2. 57 81.18
2.61 77. 29
2.64 77. 46
2.62 82. 95
B o a tb u ild in g a n d
re p a ir in g
39.1
39.1
38.9
39.5
39.1
38.1
38.5
39.0
38.7
38.9
40.3
39.3
39.6
38.6
37.6
$1.81 $70. 53
1.85 72.40
1.85 72. 40
1.86 72. 94
1.85 73. 49
1. 84 72. 22
1.85 72.04
1.85 71.82
1.80 71.50
1.85 72. 00
1.87 72.94
1.86 72.40
1.86 72. 25
1.87 72. 65
1.86 72.52
Toys and sporting
goods 8 8
41.3 $1.95 $62. 56
40.3
2.05 65.52
40. 5 2. 00 66. 69
40.6
?.. 02
67. 37
41.1
2.03 66. 92
40.7
2.05 66. 59
40.4
2. 04 65. 74
40.0
2.05 64.96
36.4
2.02 63. 58
2.04 65. 86
40.1
41.0
?.. 07 65. 97
2.08 65. 90
41.2
2. 07 66.25
41.0
2. 06 65.11
41.0
39.1
2.06 66.29
Total: Miscellaneous
manufacturing industries
40.3
40.0
40.0
40.3
40.6
39.9
39.8
39.9
39.5
40.0
40.3
40.0
39.7
39.7
39.2
$1. 75 $74. 23
1.81 75.26
1.81 72.67
1.81 74. 26
1.81 75.07
1.81 73.93
1.81 73.20
1.80 74.34
1.81 72.22
1.80 75.67
1. 81 78.12
1.81 76. 41
1.82 76.26
1.83 76.82
1. 85 72.86
G a m e s , t o y s , d o lls , a n d
c h i l d r e n ’s v e h ic le s
39.1 $1.60 $61. 85
39.0
1.68 63.63
39.0
1.71 63. 08
39.4
1.71 64. 08
1.69 64.29
39.6
39. 4 1.69 63.80
38.9
1.69 63.69
38.9
1.67 62.53
1.66 61.50
38.3
39.2
1.68 64. 62
39.5
1.67 64.55
39.7
1. 66 64.31
39.2
1. 69 65. 01
38.3
1.70 62.42
1.74 64.47
38.1
38.9
38.8
38.0
38.6
39.2
38.9
38.6
38.6
38.2
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.4
37.6
37.7
Jewelry, silverware,
and plated ware 8
41.7
40.9
40.6
40.8
40.8
40.4
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.9
42.0
41.3
41.0
41.3
39.6
$1. 78
1.84
1.79
1. 82
1.84
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.81
1.85
1.86
1.85
1.86
1.86
1.84
S p o r t i n g a n d a th le tic
goods 8
$1. 59 $63. 99
1.64 69. 52
1.66 71.33
1.66 71.86
1.64 71.33
1.64 70. 98
1.65 69.17
1.62 69.34
1.61 67.94
1. 64 68. 11
1.63 68.78
1. 62 69. 65
1.65 68. 29
1. 66 69. 74
1.71 68. 53
39.5
39.5
40.3
40.6
40.3
40.1
39.3
39.4
38.6
38.7
39.3
39.8
38.8
39.4
38.5
$1.62
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.76
1.76
1.76
1. 76
l. 75
1. 75
1.76
1.77
1.78
462
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Year and month
1956: Average____
1957: Average__ —
January..........
February____
March............
April...............
May_______
June...............
July-----------August_____
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January_____
Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg,
wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly. wkly. wkly. hrly.
earn hours earn earn hours earn earn horns earn earn hours earn earn hours earn earn hours earn
ings
ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
ings ings
Manufacturing—Continued
Transportation and public utilities
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries—Continued
Pens, pencils, other
office supplies
$66.58 41.1 $1.62
67.64 40.5 1.67
67.24 41.0 1.04
67.89 40.9 1.66
67.49 40.9 1.65
67.23 40.5 1.66
68.88 41.0 1.68
68.64 41.1 1. 67
65.86 39.2 1.68
66.50 40.3 1. 65
66.80 40.0 1.67
67.09 39.7 1. 69
69.19 40.7 1.70
66.08 39.1 1.69
67.60 40.0 1.69
Costume jewelry,
Fabricated plastic Other manufacturing Class I railroads »
buttons, notions
products
industries
$62.49 39.3 $1.59 $75.35 41. 4 $t. 82 $74.37 40. 2 $1.85 $88.40 41.7 $2.12
65. 24 39.3 1.66 78.31 41.0 1.91 74. 82 39.8 1.88 94.47 41.8 2.26
64.06 39.3 1.63 78.06 41.3 1.89 74.84 39.6 1.89 93.08 42.5 2.19
65.27 39.8 1.64 78. 25 41.4 1.89 75.41 39.9 1.89 94. 53 42.2 2. 24
65.67 39.8 1.65 79. 65 41.7 1.91 76.14 40.5 1.88 89.98 40.9 2. 20
64.19 38.9 1.65 76.92 40.7 1.89 74.82 39.8 1.88 92.82 42.0 2. 21
39.9 1.88 94. 55 42.4 2. 23
64.57 38.9 1.66 76.36 40.4 1.89 75.01
63.41 38.9 1.63 78.12 40.9
1.91 75.39 40.1 1.88 93.07 41.0 2.27
64.35 39.0 1.65 80.10 41.5 1.93 75.05 39.5 1.90 95.63 42.5 2.25
64.12 39.1 1.64 78.47 41.3 1.90 74.82 39.8 1.88 95.60 42.3 2.26
66.17 40.1
1.65 79.10 41.2 1.92 74.82 39.8 1.88 93.71 41.1 2. 28
66.76 39.5 1.69 78. 53 40.9 1.92 73.30 39.2 1. 87 94. 95 42.2 2.25
67.42 39.2 1.72 76. 97 40.3 1.91 73.12 39.1
1.87 98.16 40.9 2.40
64.57 38.9 1.66 78. 74 40.8 1.93 74.86 39.4 1.90 97.92 40.8 2.40
63. 69 38.6 1.65 77.39 40.1 1.93 75. 85 39.3 1.93
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone8
1956: Average_____
1957: Average_____
January_____
February........
March............
Aprll_.............
May___ ___
June..............
July............ —
August_____
September___
October_____
November___
December___
1958: January..........
Other public utilities
L i n e c o n s tr u c tio n , i n
s ta lla tio n , a n d m a in
te n a n c e e m p l o y e e s 8
S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a tin g
e m p lo y e e s
$73.47 39.5 $1.86 $60.70 37.7 $1.61 $101.36
76.05 39.2 1.94 63. 21 37.4 1.69 102.48
73.92 38.7 1.91 60. 26 36.3 1.66 99.88
74.88 39.0 1.92 61.79 37.0 1.67 100. 58
74.30 38.7 1.92 60.62 36.3 1.67 99.88
74.69 38.7 1.93 60.45 36.2 1.67 101.91
75.66 39.0 1.94 63.27 37.0 1.71 101. 63
76.44 39.2 1.95 63.21 37.4 1.69 103.20
76.63 39.5 1.94 64.05 37.9 1.69 103.63
75.47 38.9 1. 94 62.50 37.2 1. 68 101. 76
75.66 38.8 1.95 62. 87 37.2 1.69 101.40
77.22 39.2 1.97 63.41 37.3 1.70 104. 00
79. 20 40.0 1.98 66.86 39.1 1.71 104.92
77. 59 38.6 2.01 62.11 35.9 1.73 105.22
76.18 37.9 2.01 61.07 35.3 1.73 102.09
Transportation and public utilities—Con.
43.5 $2.33
42.7 2.40
42.5 2.35
42.8 2.35
42.5 2.35
43.0 2.37
42.7 2.38
43.0 2.40
43.0 2.41
42.4 2.40
41.9 2. 42
42.8 2. 43
43.0 2.44
42.6 2.47
41.5 2.46
Telegraph
$82. 74
87.36
86.32
86. 94
87. 57
86.11
89.25
88.62
88.62
87. 99
87.99
87.15
85.69
85.89
85.90
1956: Average_____ $86.30
1957: Average_____ 90.76
January_____ 90. 25
February____ 87.67
March______ 86.83
April_______ 87.23
May___ ___ 88.04
June............... 89.42
July— .......... 90. 72
August........... 90.09
September___ 91.76
October.......... 93.07
November___ 93.25
December....... 94. 58
1958: January_____ 93.07
40.9
40.7
41.4
40.4
40.2
40.2
40.2
40.1
40.5
40.4
40.6
41.0
40.9
41.3
41.0
$92. 89
97.10
94.13
95.06
95.41
96.52
95.18
96.05
97.58
97. 99
98.98
99. 80
99. 80
100.86
99.96
$2.22
2.33
2. 27
2. 27
2.28
2. 30
2.30
2.33
2.34
2. 34
2.37
2.38
2. 39
2.40
2.39
Wholesale trade
and ac
Food and liquor stores Automotive
cessories dealers
37.5 $1.69 $81. 28
36.7 1.77 83. 66
36.8 1.73 82.34
36.7 1. 74 82.53
36.6 1. 74 82.78
36.7 1.74 83.22
36.7 1.76 84.48
37.1
1.77 85.17
37.9 1.78 84.73
37.7 1. 78 84.73
36.7 1.80 84.10
36.1
1.81 82. 84
36.0 1.82 82.65
36.1 1.81 82.16
35.6 1.81 82.16
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$93.38
97.06
94.12
94.12
94. 76
95. 82
95.76
98.59
98.41
97.88
98. 47
98.64
99.29
99.95
99.22
41.6 $2. 25
41.3 2. 30
41. 1 2.29
41.1
2.29
41.2 2. 30
41.3 2. 32
41.1 2.33
41.6 2.37
41.7 2.36
41.3 2.37
41.2 2.39
41.1 2.40
41.2 2. 41
41.3 2.42
41.0 2.42
General merchandise Department stores
and general mail
stores
order houses
$43.40 35.0 $1.24 $48. 77 35.6 $1.37
44.85 34.5 1.30 50.75 35.0 1.45
43.94 34.6 1. 27 49.07 34.8 1.41
43.90 34.3 1.28 49.13 34.6 1. 42
43. 65 34. 1 1. 28 48. 99 34.5 1.42
44.38 34.4 1.29 49. 76 34.8 1.43
44. 54 34.0 1.31 50. 32 34.7 1.45
1.33 51.30 34.9 1.47
45. 75 34.4
45. 67 34.6 1.32 51.01 34.7 1.47
45. 72 34.9 1.31 50.95 34.9 1.46
44.80 34.2 1.31 50.66 34.7 1.46
44.48 33.7 1.32 49.93 34.2 1.46
44.15 33.7 1.31 49.39 34.3 1.44
46.08 36.0 1.28 52.54 37.0 1.42
46.04 34.1 1. 35 51.36 34.7 1.48
Avg. wkly. earnings
Retail trade—Continued
1956: Average_____ $63.38
1957: Average_____ 64.96
January_____ 63. 66
February____ 63. 86
March______ 63.68
April_______ 63. 86
May_______ 64. 59
June___ ___ 65.67
July............... 67.46
August............ 67.11
September___ 66.06
October......... 65.34
November___ 65. 52
December___ 65.34
1958: January_____ 64.44
Electric light and
power utilities
Retail trade
Retail trade (except
eating and drink
ing places)
41.1 $2.26 $81.20 40.4 $2.01 $60. 60 38 6 $1.57
40.8 2.38 84.42 40.2 2.10 62. 87 38.1 1.65
40.4 2.33 82. 81 40.2 2.06 61.50 38.2 1. 61
40.8 2.33 82.81 40.2 2.06 61.50 38.2 1. 61
40.6 2.35 83.01 40.1 2.07 61. 56 38.0 1. 62
40.9 2.36 82.80 40.0 2.07 61. 56 38.0 1.62
40.5 2. 35 83. 81 40.1 2.09 62. 32 38.0 1.64
40.7 2.36 84. 82 40.2 2.11 63.41 38.2 1.66
41.0 2.38 85.65 40.4 2.12 64.46 38.6 1.67
41.0 2.39 85. 24 40.4 2.11 64. 63 38.7 1.67
40.9 2.42 86.05 40.4 2.13 64.01 38.1 1.68
40.9 2.44 85.63 40.2 2.13 62. 79 37.6 1. 67
40.9 2. 44 85. 60 40.0 2.14 62.25 37. 5 1.66
41.0 2.46 86. 46 40.4 2.14 62.43 38.3 1.63
40.8 2. 45 85.81 40.1 2.14 63.67 37.9 1.68
Wholesale and retail trade—Continued
Electric light and gas
utilities combined
$2.11
2.23
2.18
2.17
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.23
2.24
2.23
2. 26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.27
Total: Gas and elec
tric utilities
42.0 $1.97 $91.46 41.2
41.8 2.09 95.53 41.0
41.7 2.07 92.84 40.9
41.8 2.08 92. 62 40.8
41.9 2.09 93.02 40.8
41.4 2.08 94.07 40.9
42.5 2.10 93.61 40.7
42.2 2.10 95.30 40.9
42.2 2.10 96.41 41.2
41.9 2.10 95.94 41.0
41.9 2.10 96.93 40.9
41.5 2.10 97. 58 41.0
41.0 2.09 97.99 41.0
40.9 2.10 98. 88 41.2
41.1 2.09 97.75 40.9
Wholesale and retail trade
Other public utilities—Continued
Gas utilities
Local railways and
buslines
$84.48 43.1 $1.96
88. 56 43.2 2. 05
86.86 43.0 2.02
86. 25 42.7 2.02
86.66 42.9 2.02
87.29 43.0 2.03
88.71 43.7 2.03
89.96 44.1 2.04
90.02 43.7 2.06
89.40 43.4 2. 06
90.05 43.5 2. 07
89.01
43.0 2.07
88.80 42.9 2.07
89.65 43.1 2.08
88. 61 42.6 2.08
43.7 $1.86
43.8 1.91
43.8 1.88
43.9 1.88
43.8 1.89
43.8 1.90
44.0 1.92
43.9 1.94
43.9 1.93
43.9 1. 93
43.8 1.92
43.6 1.90
43.5 1.90
43.7 1.88
43.7 1.88
Apparel and acces
sories stores
$47. 54
49.27
48. 65
48.44
47. 75
47.74
48.56
50.05
50.77
49. 77
49.82
49. 30
49.25
50.62
50. 66
34.7 $1.37
34.7 1.42
34.5 1. 41
34.6 1.40
34.6 1.3«
34.1 1.40
34.2 1.42
35.0 1.43
35.5 1.43
35.3 1.41
34.6 1.44
34.0 1.45
34.2 1.44
35.4 1.43
34.7 1.46
Other retail trade
Furniture and appli Lumber and hard
ance stores
ware supply stores
$69.30 42.0 $1.65 $72.68 42.5 $1. 71
71.06 41.8 1.70 74. 52 42.1 1.77
70. 81 41.9 1.69 72. 21 41.5 1. 74
68. 81 41.7 1.65 72.73 41.8 1. 74
69.81 41.8 1.67 72.73 41.8 1. 74
69.81 41.8 1.67 73. 85 42.2 1.75
71.06 41.8 1.70 75. 23 42.5 1.77
71.65 41.9 1.71 75.65 42.5 1.78
71.14 41.6 1.71 76.01 42.7 1.78
72. 41 42.1 1.72 76.01 42.7 1. 78
71. 90 41.8 1.72 76.32 42.4 1.80
71.72 41.7 1.72 75.90 42.4 1.79
71.65 41.9 1.71 74.46 41.6 1.79
74.12 42.6 1.74 74.40 41.8 1.78
72.24 42.0 1.72 74.23 41.7 1.78
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 10
Banks Secu Insur
and
rity ance
trust dealers car
com and ex riers
panies changes
$61.97 $97. 5( $77. 50
64.27 98. 6' 80.69
63. 82 101. 4( 79. 43
63.74 100. 5' 79.95
63.89 96. 31 80.03
63.78 97.4. 80.32
63.67 101.21 80.47
63.80 100. K 80.95
64.52 101.41 81.33
64. 31 96.81 81.43
64.48 95.41 81.13
64.74 97. 7( 80.77
64.64 98.9( 81.02
65.15 98.0C 81.78
65.93 97.21 82. 24
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
463
T able C -l. Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees 1—Con.
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Year and month
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Avg.
hrly.
earnings
Personal services
Laundries
$42.13
43. 52
42. 42
42. 32
42.63
42. 21
43.23
43. 42
43.93
44. 25
44.11
44.00
44. 40
44. 69
44.46
40.9
40.3
40.4
40.3
40.6
40.2
40.4
40.2
40.3
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
39.9
39.7
$1.03
1.08
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.07
1.03
1.09
1.09
1.10
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.12
$42. 32
43. 38
42. 59
42.59
42.69
43.20
43.93
44.04
43.38
43.34
43. 96
43.73
43.29
43.85
43.40
1 For coverage of these series, see footnote 1, tables À-2 and A-3.
For mining, manufacturing, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants,
data refer to production and related workers only. For the remaining
Industries, unless otherwise noted, data relate to nonsupervisory employees
and working supervisors.
Data for the most recent month are subject to revision without notation.
' For definition, see footnote 3, table A-2.
1 For definition, see footnote 4, table A-2.
* Averages shown for 1955 are not strictly comparable with those for later
years.
»Italicized titles which follow are components of this industry.
• Data beginning with January 1957 are not strictly comparable with those
shown for earlier years.
* Figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)
are based upon monthly data summarized in the M-300 report by the Inter
state Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay
during the month, except executives, officials, and stall assistants (IOC
Group I).
• Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as switchboard operators, service assistants, operating-room instructors, and
pay-station attendants. In 1957, such employees made up 39 percent of the
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Avg.
wkly.
hours
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
Service and miscellaneous
Hotels, year-round »
1956: Average........... ............. .
1957: Average-------- ----------January.........................
February----- -----------March----- ------- --------April----------------------May________________
June.......... .................... .
July_______________
August......... ..................
September___________
October_____________
November___________
December___________
1958: January___ _________
Avg.
wkly.
earnings
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.8
39.9
40.0
40.3
40.4
39.8
39.4
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.5
39.1
Cleaning and dyeing plants
$1.05
1.09
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.09
1.09
1. 10
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
$49. 77
50.44
49.92
48.90
49.54
62.26
52. 79
52.40
49.91
48.88
51.35
51.35
49.78
50.30
49.92
39.5
38.8
38.7
38.2
38.7
40.2
40.3
40.0
38.1
37.6
39.2
38.9
38.0
38.4
38.4
$1.26
1.30
1.29
1. 28
1.28
1.30
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.31
1. 31
1.30
Motion
picture pro
duction and
distribution u
$91.75
99.93
94.14
99.00
99 13
94.09
97.61
101.03
100.30
100. 79
93.48
102.94
100. 71
103. 52
97.99
total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours
and earnings data.
• Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry
as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line,
cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1957, such employees made
np 29 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establish
ments reporting hours and earnings data.
1# Data on average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not
available.
11 Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and
tips not included.
•Formerly titled “ Automobiles.” Data not affected.
(Ophthalmic goods—New series beginning with January 1958; not com
parable with previously published data. Comparable data for the earlier
series for January 1958 are $65.36 and $1.72. Weekly hours remain com
parable.
N ote; For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
8 o u k c e : V . 8 . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics for all
series except that for Class I railroads (see footnote 7).
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
464
T able C-2. Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufac
turing industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Gross average
weekly earnings
Year
1939: Average ________
1940: Average_________
1941: Average_________
1049;
1043:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953;
1954:
1955:
1956:
1957:
Average
Average . . . ___
Average__________
Average__________
Average__________
Average_________
Average__________
Average_________
Average...________
Average.—................
Average....................
Average..... ..............
Average................. .
Average....................
Average................... .
Net spendable average weekly
earnings 1
Worker with no Worker with 3
dependents
dependents
Cur
rent
194749 8
Cur
rent
194749»
Cur
rent
194749 8
$23.86
25.20
29. 58
36. 65
43.14
46.08
44.39
43. 82
49 97
54 14
54. 92
59.33
64. 71
67.97
71.69
71.86
76. 52
79 99
82.39
$40.17
42.07
47,03
52. 58
58.30
61 28
57. 72
52. 54
52. 32
52. 67
53. 95
57. 71
68. 30
59.89
62. 67
62.60
66 83
68 84
68. 54
$23.58
24.69
28.05
31.77
36.01
38.29
36. 97
37.72
42. 76
47. 43
48.09
51.09
54.04
55.66
58. 54
69. 55
63.15
65.86
67. 57
$39. 70
41. 22
44. 59
45. 58
48. 66
50.92
48.08
45.23
44. 77
46.14
47 24
49 70
48. 68
49.04
51 17
51.87
55.15
56 68
56.21
$23. 62
24. 95
29.28
36.28
41.39
44.06
42. 74
43.20
48 24
53.17
53.83
57. 21
61 28
61. 62
66. 58
66. 78
70.45
73 22
74.97
$39. 76
41.65
46. 55
52. 05
55.93
58.59
55. 68
51.80
50. 51
51. 72
52 88
55.65
55.21
56.05
58.20
58.17
61. 53
63 01
62.37
Year and month
Gross average
weekly earnings
Cur
rent
$82.41
1957: J a n u a r y ..___
February_________ 82. 41
82.21
March___________
A p ril........................ 81.59
M ay_____________ 81.78
June_____________ 82.80
Ju ly ......... ................ 82.18
A ugust____ _____
82.80
Septem ber_______ 82.99
October. ............ .
82. 56
November____ ____ 82. 92
December___ _____ 82.74
1958: January 3 _______
81.06
Net spendable average weekly
earnings 1
Worker with no Worker with 3
dependents
dependents
194749 8
Cur
rent
194749 8
Cur
rent
194749«
$69. 72
69.43
69.14
68. 39
68.38
68. 89
68.03
68.43
68. 53
68.18
68.19
68.04
66. 28
$67. 58
67. 58
67. 42
66. 93
67.08
67. 90
67. 40
67.90
68. 05
67. 70
67.99
67. 85
66. 50
$57.17
66.93
56.70
56.10
56.09
56. 49
55.79
56.12
56.19
55.90
55. 91
55. 80
54. 37
$74.99
74.99
74. 82
74.31
74.47
75.31
74. 80
75. 31
75 46
75 11
75. 40
75 26
73. 88
$63.44
63 18
62 93
62.29
62.27
62. 65
61.91
62.24
62. 31
62.02
62 01
61.89
60. 41
primary value of the spendable series is that of measuring relative changes
in disposable earnings for 2 types of income-receivers.
8 These series indicate changes in the level of average weekly earnings after
adjustment for changes in purchasing power as measured by the Bureau’s
Consumer Price Index, the years 1947-49 being the base period.
8 Preliminary.
N ote : For a description of these series, see Technical Note on the Cal
culation and Uses of the Net Spendable Earnings Series (Revised February
1957), which is available upon request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Soubce: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1Net spendable average weekly earnings are obtained by deducting from
gross average weekly earnings, Federal social security and income taxes for
which the worker is liable. The amount of income tax liability depends,
of course, on the number of dependents supported by the worker as well as
on the level of his gross income. Net spendable earnings have, therefore,
been computed for 2 types of income-receivers: (1) A worker with no de
pendents; (2) a worker with 3 dependents.
The computations of net spendable earnings for both the worker with no
dependents and the worker with 3 dependents are based upon the gross
average weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing indus
tries without direct regard to marital status and family composition. The
T able C -3. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity1
(1947-49=100)
1958
Annual
average
1957
Industry
Total*.............................................................
Mining division________________ ______
Contract construction division-------- ------Manufacturing division-------- ---------------Durable goods_________ ____________
Ordnance and accessories, -------------Lumber and wood products (except
furniture).......................................... —
Furniture and fixtures______ _____—
Stone, clay, and glass products_______
Primary metal industries___________
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)...............................
Machinery (except electrical)................
Electrical machinery—............................
Transportation equipment.....................
Instruments and related products.........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Nondurable goods___________________
Food and kindred products_________
Tobacco manufactures______________
Textile-mill products.............................Apparel and other finished textile
products. -------------------------- -----Paper and allied p roducts.....................
Printing, publishing, and allied Industries --------- ---------------- ---------Chemicals and allied products...............
Products of petroleum and coal........... .
Rubber products__________ ________
Leather and leather products. ______
Jan.8
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
1957
1956
95.5
76.4
112.4
94.3
99.4
295.9
101.2
80.4
123.4
99.4
105.4
296.8
103.5
79.5
131.2
101.2
108.1
295.7
107.5
83.2
149.6
103.1
109.6
300.1
109.9
86.5
153.9
105.1
110.8
315.5
110.6
86.8
157.4
105.4
112.3
325.5
108.1
86.8
154.1
102.9
110.6
320.3
109.5 107.0
83.8
88.1
151. 5 141.4
104.9 103.7
114.7 114.0
333.9 337.0
106.5
84.0
131.1
104. 5
115.1
350.9
107.0
84.3
123.0
106.3
116.8
355.6
107.2
85.3
119.8
106.9
117.7
360.9
106.4
85.1
112.0
107.0
117.9
366.3
107.1
84.5
137.3
104.3
112.9
329.7
110.3
84.7
138.0
108.1
117.2
375. 3
70.4
94.7
92.1
88.2
74.2
101.3
97.9
94.1
77.0
102.4
101.8
96.9
81.9
106. 7
104.6
99.5
80.5
107.9
106.4
103.0
86.6
106.8
106.4
104.3
83.3
100.5
101.2
105.2
87.8
102.1
106.2
108.1
84.0
99.7
105.4
106. 6
80.1
102.2
104.1
108.0
77.0
104.0
103. 9
109.7
76.3
104.0
103.2
111.6
76.2
102.9
103.3
114.3
80.3
103.4
103.6
105.1
88.8
107.4
109.3
110.5
104.8
94.3
120.4
123.4
108.4
88.6
88.3
78.4
79.8
67.8
110.8
97.5
127.0
134.6
112.5
94.6
92.1
84.0
84.1
72.4
114.3
97.9
131.0
137.2
114.4
101. 5
92.9
86.8
80.0
72.5
115.2
101.2
133.7
130.4
114.9
105.0
95.4
92.0
89.4
74.6
115.5
104.3
137.7
126.9
117.2
106.4
98.4
100.4
97.1
75.2
114.4
103.1
134.8
136.7
116.1
102.4
97.3
97.8
86.2
75.0
112. 5
106.0
131 1
135. 6
113.8
94.4
93.8
93.1
69. 5
72.8
116.0
109.8
134.5
141.7
117.0
100.0
93.2
86.5
70.2
74.7
114.7
111.4
132.4
142.9
117.1
98.7
91.4
81.1
70.6
73.7
115. 5
114.0
133.9
146. 5
120.0
98.9
91.9
79.2
67.2
74.8
116.9
116.5
137.2
151.3
121.0
100.5
93.7
78.8
72.0
76.0
117.6
117.2
138.7
153.8
121.5
99.4
94.0
79.2
80.0
76.9
117.2
116.3
139.2
154.1
121.4
98.3
94.0
81.6
85.0
77.0
115.1
108.0
134.3
141.9
117.2
100.1
94.0
86.7
78.6
74.6
116.3
115.6
138.6
139.0
121.1
105.5
97.2
90.7
85.6
80.6
97.2
110.9
99.2
114.7
100.9
115.2
102.8
117.2
105.7
118.1
106.1
116.2
98.4
114.0
99.6
116.2
99.1
114.6
101.6
115. 6
106.7
115.8
106.3
115. 8
102.6
116.3
102.4
115.7
104.5
116.9
110.9
99.9
90.4
96.5
90.1
114.8
102.1
91.4
104.1
91.6
113.5
102.6
92.4
105.1
89.6
114.9
103. 4
93.0
105.6
90.5
115. 3
104.0
96.3
105. 4
92.2
112.7
102.9
94.2
105.1
95.8
111.7
102.7
96.0
103. 8
93.1
112.8
104.2
95.0
101.1
92.7
112.7
106.1
94.2
102.7
86.8
113.8
107.1
94.7
96.2
90.7
114.5
107.3
93.1
107.2
95.6
112.8
106.9
93.8
109.2
95.9
112.6 113.5
107. 2 104.8
93.8
93.6
111. 1 104.8
94.0
92.3
113.0
107.9
94.6
106.7
94.4
1 Beginning with the July 1957 issue, the data shown in this table are not
comparable with those published in previous issues. See footnote 1,
table A-2.
Aggregate man-hours are for the weekly pay period ending nearest the
15th of the month and do not represent totals for the month. For mining
and manufacturing industries, data refer to production and related workers,
For contract construction, the data relate to construction workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8 Preliminary.
8 Includes only the divisions shown.
8 otjece: U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
465
C: EARNINGS AND HOURS
T able C-4. Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Ex
Gross cluding
over Gross
time 3
Ex
cluding Gross
over
time 3
Ex
cluding Gross
over
time 3
Year and month
Ex
cluding Gross
over
time 3
Ex
cluding Gross
over
time 3
$1.98
2.07
2.05
2.0Í
2.05
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.07
2. 08
2. 09
2.11
2.10
2.10
$1.91
2.01
1 98
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.00
2.01
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.05
2.05
2.06
Total: Durable
goods
$2.10
2. 20
2.18
2.17
2. 18
2.18
2. 18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2. 24
2.24
$2.03
2.14
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.18
2.19
2.20
Ordnance and
accessories
$2.19
2.33
2.28
2.29
2 30
2.31
2. 31
2.33
2.34
2.34
2. 37
2. 38
2. 40
2. 42
2.44
$2.12
2.28
2.21
2. 22
2.23
2.24
2. 25
2.28
2.29
2. 29
2.32
2.35
2. 36
2. 37
2.39
Lumber and
wood products
(except
furniture)
$1.76
1.81
1. 72
1.73
1.77
1.80
1.82
1.84
1. 82
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.83
1.80
$1.69
1.74
1. 66
1.67
1.71
1.74
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.78
1.78
1.77
1.75
Furniture and
fixtures
$1.69
1.74
1.72
1.73
1.73
1. 72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1. 76
1. 77
1.77
1. 75
1.77
1.75
$1.64
1.69
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.69
1.70
1.71
1. 71
1.71
1.72
1.72
Stone, clay,
and glass
products
$1.96
2.05
2.02
2.01
2.02
2. 01
2.02
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.09
2.10
$1.88
1.97
1. 95
1.94
1.95
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.01
2.03
2.03
2.03
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery
(except
electrical)
1956- Average____
1957: Average____
January____
February.......
March............
April_______
M ay_______
June_______
J u ly ..............
August
September__
October_____
November__
December___
1958: Ja n u ary 3.......
Ex
cluding Gross
over
time 3
Ex
cluding
over
time 3
Durable goods
Total:
manufacturing
1956: A verage..___
1957: Average____
January.........
February___
March.........
April......... .
M ay...............
June.......... .
Ju ly ................
A ugust.........
September__
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January*____
Ex
cluding Gross
over
time 3
$2.21
2.30
2.27
2. 27
2.28
2. 28
2.28
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.32
2.33
2. 34
2.34
2.34
$2.12
2.23
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.20
2 21
2.23
2.23
2. 23
2.26
2. 27
2.28
2. 29
2.29
Electrical
machinery
$1.98
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.06
2. 06
2. 05
2.06
2. 05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.10
2.11
2.12
$1.92
2.02
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.01
2. 01
2.02
2. 01
2.01
2.02
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.10
Transportation
equipment
$2.31
2. 42
2.38
2.37
2.38
2.37
2. 37
2.40
2.41
2.43
2. 46
2.47
2.50
2.48
2.46
$2.23
2.35
2. 29
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.35
2.35
2. 37
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2. 42
$2. 36
2. 50
2.47
2. 46
2.46
2. 46
2. 46
2. 48
2.53
2.54
2. 57
2. 55
2. 55
2. 55
2.56
$2 29
2. 44
2. 39
2. 39
2.40
2. 40
2.40
2.41
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.51
2. 52
Fabricated
metal products
$2.07
2.18
2 13
2 13
2.14
2. 15
2. 16
2.17
2.19
2. 20
2.22
2.22
2.23
2. 22
2. 22
$1.99
2.11
2.06
2.06
2. 07
2. 08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2. 12
2.13
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.17
Nondurable goods
Instruments
and related
products
$2.01
2.11
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.11
2.11
2.10
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.15
2.15
Primary metal
Industries
$1.96
2.06
2.03
2.03
2.04
2. 04
2. 05
2.06
2.06
2. 06
2. 08
2.09
2.09
2.10
2.11
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
Industries
$1. 75
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.81
1. 81
1.80
1.81
1. 80
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.85
$1.69
1.76
1.76
1. 76
1.76
1.76
1.76
1. 76
1.77
1. 75
1.75
1.75
1.77
1. 78
1.81
Total: Nondurable goods
$1.80
1.89
1.86
1.86
1.87
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.92
1.92
1.92
$1.75
1.83
1.81
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.86
1.88
Food and
kindred
products
$1.83
1.93
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.97
2.00
$1.76
1.86
1. 86
1.86
1.87
1.87
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.83
1.84
1.87
1.89
1.90
1.93
Tobacco
manufactures
$1.45
1.53
1. 49
1.49
1.53
1.55
1.58
1.58
1.61
1.49
1.46
1.47
1.55
1.55
1.56
$1.43
1.51
1.47
1.48
1.51
1.54
1.56
1.55
1.57
1. 47
1.43
1. 45
1.52
1.52
1. 54
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average____
1957;
A ve ra g e
January____
February___
March ' .....
Aprll
May
June
July_______
August_____
September__
October. ___
November__
December___
January3. . .
$1.45
1.50
1. 50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.50
$1.40
1.46
1 45
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.47
Apparel and
other finished
Paper and
textile products allied products
$1. 46
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
$1.43
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.49
$1.94
2.04
1.99
2.00
2.00
2.00
2. 01
2.03
2.06
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
2.08
$1.84
1.94
1.89
1.90
1. 91
1.91
1.91
1.94
1.95
1.95
1.97
1.98
1.99
1.99
1.99
Printing,
publishing,
and allied
Industries3
$2. 43
2.51
2. 46
2. 48
2.49
2. 49
2. 51
2. 51
2.51
2.51
2.53
2. 53
2.53
2.55
2. 54
1 Beginning with the July 1987 lasue, the data shown In this table are not
comparable with those published in previous Issues. See footnote 1, table
A-2.
* Derived by assuming that the overtime hours shown in table 0-5 are
paid for at the rate of time and one-half,
i Preliminary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chemicals and
allied products
$2.11
2. 22
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.20
2.23
2.25
2. 25
2.25
2.24
2.26
2. 26
2.27
$2.05
2.16
2.11
2.11
2.12
2.12
2.14
2.17
2.19
2.19
2.19
2.18
2.20
2.21
2.22
Products of
petroleum and
coal
$2.54
2.66
2.59
2. 56
2. 57
2.59
2. 61
2.66
2.69
2.69
2.73
2. 71
2.73
2.73
2.72
$2. 47
2. 60
2. 54
2. 51
2.62
2. 52
2. 54
2.60
2.62
2.63
2.66
2.65
2. 67
2. 68
2.68
Rubber
products
$2.17
2.26
2.23
2.22
2. 21
2.19
2.22
2.23
2.28
2. 27
2.29
2.32
2.33
2. 31
2.29
$2 09
2.18
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.16
2.15
2.18
2.18
2.21
2. 23
2. 25
2. 25
2. 25
Leather and
leather
products
$1.49
1. 54
1. 52
1.53
1. 54
1.54
1. 54
1.54
1.53
1. 54
1.55
1.55
1.57
1.55
1.56
$1.17
1. 52
1. 50
1. 50
1. 51
1. 52
1. 52
1. 52
1.51
1. 51
1.52
1. 53
1.54
1. 53
1.53
* Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, are not available separately
for the printing, publishing, and allied Industries group, as graduated over
time rates are found to an extent likely to make average overtime pay
significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the industry
in the nondurable-goods total has little efleet.
Soueck: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
466
T able C-5. Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manu
facturing, by major industry group 1
Gross
Over Gross
tim e11
Over
time 1
Gross
Over
time *
Gross
Gross
Over
time *
Gross
Over
time 1
Total: Manu
facturing
40.4
39.8
40.2
40.2
40.1
39.8
39.7
40.0
39.7
40.0
39.9
39. 5
39.3
39.4
38.6
2.8
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.7
Total: Durable
goods
41.1
40.3
40.9
40.9
40.8
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.0
40.3
40.2
39.8
39.7
39.7
38.9
3.0
2.4
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.5
Ordnance and
accessories
41.8
40.8
42 0
42 0
41.6
41.4
40.7
40.7
40.0
40.1
40.1
39.9
40.0
40.8
41.3
29
1.9
2.7
27
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.8
Lumber and
wood products
(except furni
ture)
40.8
39.7
39.1
39.8
39.7
40.0
40.2
40.7
39.4
41.1
39.0
40.2
39.1
39.0
38.6
3.3
2.8
27
26
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
Furniture and
fixtures
Over
time 1
40.8
40.0
39,8
40.2
40.2
39.7
39.2
39.7
39.3
40.7
40.9
40.7
39.7
39.9
38.5
28
2.3
23
22
22
20
1.9
23
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.3
1.6
Stone, clay, and Primary metal
Industries
glass products
41.1
40.5
40.3
40.6
40.7
40.4
40.8
40.9
40.4
40.9
40.8
40.6
40.1
39.8
39.2
8.6
3.1
2.9
29
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.5
Gross
Over
time *
Machinery
(except
electrical)
Electrical
machinery
42.2
41.0
41.9
41.9
41 8
41.4
41.1
41.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.7
40.3
39.7
40 8
40.0
40.4
40.6
40.6
40.3
40.1
40.3
39.7
40.2
40.2
39.4
39.5
39.5
39.1
3.7
2.6
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.6
1.9
2.4
2.3
22
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.0
Transportation
equipment
41.0
40.5
41.7
41.5
41.1
40.6
39.9
40.1
39.5
40.2
39.7
39.5
40.7
40.2
38.7
2.9
2.4
3.3
3.0
2.7
24
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.1
1.3
Instruments
and related
products
40.8
40.4
40.7
41.0
40. 7
40.6
40.2
40.5
40.1
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.8
39.4
40.8
39.6
41.0
40.3
40.1
39 8
39.6
40.2
39.7
39.3
39.4
38.5
38.2
38.1
37.3
28
2.0
29
22
20
20
1.8
22
2.1
1.8
21
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
Fabri »ted
metal p -oduets
«1.2
40.9
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.9
40.9
41.2
40.7
41.0
41.4
40.7
40.5
40.2
39.4
3.0
2.8
28
28
2.8
2.7
27
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.1
1.6
Nondurable goods
Durable goods—Continued
1956: Average____
1957: Average------January____
February___
March_____
April.... .........
M ay_______
June.............
July________
August_____
September—.
October_____
November__
December___
1958: January3.......
Gross
Durable goods
Year and month
1956: Average.........
1957; Average........January____
February.......
March______
April............
M a y .. ____
June_______
Ju ly ....... ........
August_____
September__
October_____
November__
December-.
1958: January3-----
Over
tim e1
23
2.0
2.2
2.2
23
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.5
Miscellaneous
manufacturing
industries
40.3
40.0
40.0
40.3
40.6
39.9
39.8
39.9
39.5
40.0
40.3
40.0
39.7
39.7
39.2
26
2.4
23
24
2.6
22
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.2
1.8
Total: Nondurable goods
39.5
39.2
39.1
39.3
39 1
38.6
38.9
39.2
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.0
38.8
39.0
38.3
25
2.4
23
23
2.8
22
2.2
2.4
2.5
25
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.2
1.9
Tobacco
manufactures
Food and
kindred
products
41.0
40.5
40.2
40.1
39.8
40.0
40.4
40.9
41.5
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.7
40.1
8.3
3.1
3.0
2.8
26
27
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.0
29
38.8
38.5
38.8
38.5
37.9
36.8
39.1
38.6
39.6
38.4
39.8
38.3
37.5
39.1
39.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
.6
.9
.5
1.1
1.5
1.9
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textile-mill
products
1956: Average___
1957: Average____
January____
February___
March______
April..............
M ay_______
June...............
Ju ly ...............
August---......
September__
October..........
November__
December.-1958: January3-----
39.7
38.9
39.1
39.2
38.9
38.6
38.4
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.1
39.1
38.6
38.9
37.5
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
1.6
Paper and
Apparel and
other finished allied products
textile products
36.3
36.0
35.9
36.5
36.5
35.7
35.8
35.8
36.1
36.8
36.7
35.9
35.4
35.2
35.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.1
.9
.8
42 8
42.3
42.3
42.3
42.3
42.1
42.0
42.2
42,3
42.5
42.9
42.4
41.9
41.9
41.4
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.2
4,2
4.0
4.1
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.6
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
38.8
38.4
38.8
38.5
38.8
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.4
38.0
38.6
37.7
• Beginning with the July 1957 issue, the data shown In this table are not
comparable with those published In previous Issues. See footnote 1, table
A-2.
>Covers premium overtime hours of production and related workers during
the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Overtime hours are
those for which premiums were paid because the hours were In excess of the
number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3.2
3.0
28
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.8
3.1
2.3
Chemicals and
allied products
41.3
41.1
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.0
41.3
40.8
23
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
22
2.2
2.3
2.2
23
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
Products of
petroleum
and coal
41.1
40.9
41.1
40.8
40.7
41.2
40.9
40.9
41.5
40.6
41.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.6
20
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.6
2.2
22
20
2.2
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.9
1.5
1.3
Leather and
leather
products
Rubber
products
40.2
40.6
40.9
40.9
40.4
40.0
40.0
40.9
41.3
40.9
40.6
40.1
40.0
40.0
38.3
28
2.9
3.0
27
2.6
24
25
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.2
1.5
87.6
37.4
38.0
38.3
38.0
36.9
36.3
37.8
38.1
38.1
37.2
36.8
36.5
37.4
37.1
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.1
.9
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.2
.1.3
1.2
1.1
and holiday hoars are included only If premium wage rates were paid. Hours
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of
premiums were paid are excluded. These data are not available prior to
1956.
» Preliminary.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D: CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
467
D .— Consumer and W holesale Prices
T able D -l. Consumer Price Index1—United States city average: All items and major groups of items
[1947-49-100]
Year and month
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1965:
1956:
1957:
All Items
Food
Housing
Apparel
Transporta
tion
Medical care | Personal care Reading and
recreation
Other goods
and services
Average__________
A verage-................ Average__________
Average............... —.
Average__________
Average__________
Average___ ______
Average.-. _______
Average.....................
Average..
... ..
Average_________
95.5
102.8
101.8
102.8
111.0
113. 5
114.4
114.8
114.5
116.2
120.2
95.9
104.1
100.0
101.2
112.6
114.6
112.8
112.6
110.9
111.7
115.4
95.0
101.7
103.3
106.1
112.4
114.6
117.7
119.1
120.0
121.7
125.6
97.1
103. 5
99.4
98.1
106.9
105.8
104.8
104.3
103.7
106. 5
106.9
90.6
100.9
108.5
111.3
118.4
126.2
129.7
128.0
126.4
128 7
136.0
94.9
100.9
104.1
106.0
111.1
117.2
121.3
125.2
128.0
132 6
138.0
97.6
101 3
101.1
101.1
110.5
111. 8
112.8
113.4
115.3
120.0
124.4
95.5
100.4
104.1
103. 4
106.5
107.0
108.0
107.0
106.6
108 1
112.2
96.1
100.5
103.4
105.2
109.7
116.4
118.2
120.1
120 2
122 0
125.5
1953: January__________
February_________
March_____ ______
April_____________
May_____________
June................ ..........
Ju ly ....................... —
August..... ............... .
September................
October.....................
November................
December................-
113.9
113.4
113.6
113.7
114.0
114.5
114.7
116.0
115. 2
115.4
115.0
114.9
113.1
111. 5
111.7
111. 5
112.1
113.7
113.8
114.1
113.8
113. 6
112.0
112.3
116.4
116.6
116.8
117.0
117.1
117.4
117.8
118.0
118.4
118.7
118.9
118.9
104.6
104.6
104.7
104.6
104.7
104.6
104.4
104.3
105.3
105.5
105.5
105.3
129.3
129. 1
129.3
129.4
129.4
129.4
129.7
130.6
130.7
130.7
130.1
128. 9
119.4
119.3
119.5
120.2
120.7
121.1
121 5
121.8
122.6
122.8
123.3
123.6
112.4
112. 6
112 4
112.5
112.8
112.6
112.6
112.7
112.9
113.2
113.4
113.6
107.8
107 5
107 7
107.9
108.0
107. 8
107.4
107.6
107 8
108.8
108.9
108.9
115.9
115.8
117. 5
117.9
118.0
118 2
118. 3
118.4
118.5
119.7
120.2
120.3
1954: January..... ...............
February..................
March_____ ______
April.........................
May_____________
June______ ______
Ju ly _______ _____
A u g u st.....................
S e p te m b e r........... .
October__________
N ovem ber..............
December......... .
115.2
115.0
114.8
114.6
115.0
115.1
115.2
115.0
114.7
114.5
114.6
114.3
113.1
112.6
112.1
112.4
113.3
113.8
114.6
113.9
112.4
111.8
111.1
110.4
118.8
118.9
119.0
118.5
118.9
118.9
119.0
119.2
119.5
119.5
119.6
119.7
104.9
104.7
104.3
104.1
104.2
104.2
104.0
103. 7
104.3
104.6
104.6
104.3
130.5
129.4
129.0
129.1
129.1
128.9
126.7
126.6
126.4
125.0
127 6
127.3
123.7
124.1
124.4
124.9
125.1
125.1
125.2
125.6
125.7
125.9
126. 1
126.3
113.7
113.9
114. 1
112.9
113.0
112. 7
113.3
113. 4
113.6
113.4
113.8
113.6
108.7
108.0
108.2
106.6
106.4
106.4
107.0
100.6
106.5
106.9
100.8
106.6
120.3
120 2
120 1
120.2
120.1
120.1
120.3
120.2
120.1
120 1
120.0
119.9
!955: January................... .
February..................
March_____ ______
April_____________
May_____________
June_____________
July_____________
August__ ________
September________
October.....................
November.... ...........
December________
114.3
114.3
114.3
114.2
114.2
114.4
114.7
114.5
114.9
114.9
115.0
114.7
110.6
110.8
110.8
111.2
111.1
111.3
112.1
111.2
111.6
110.8
108.8
109.5
119.6
119.6
119.6
119.6
119.4
119.7
119.9
120.0
120 4
120.8
120.9
120 8
103.3
103.4
103.2
103.1
103.3
103 2
103.2
103 4
104.6
104 6
104.7
104.7
127.6
127. 4
127.3
125.3
125.5
125 8
125. 4
126.4
125.3
126 6
128 5
127.3
126.6
126.8
127.0
127.3
127.5
127.6
127.9
128.0
128.2
128.7
129.8
130.2
113.7
113.5
113 8
113.7
113.9
114.7
115.6
115.8
116.6
117.0
117. 5
117.9
106.9
106.4
106.8
106.6
106.5
106.2
108.3
1063
106.7
106.7
108.8
106.8
119.9
119 8
119 8
119 8
119 9
110 9
120.3
120 4
120 6
120 6
120 6
120 6
1956: January__________
February_____ . . .
March________ . . .
A pril...___ ______
May..........................
June...... ........... ........
July...........................
August________ . . .
September________
October. _________
November...... ..........
December________
114.6
114.8
114.7
114.9
115.4
116.2
117.0
116.8
117.1
117.7
117.8
118.0
109.2
108.8
109 0
109.6
111.0
113.2
114.8
113 1
113.1
113.1
112.9
112.9
120.8
120.7
120.7
120.8
120.9
121.4
121.8
122.2
122.5
122.8
123.0
123.6
104.1
104.6
104.8
104.8
104.8
104.8
105.3
106.5
106. 5
106.8
107.0
107.0
126.8
126.9
126.7
126.4
127.1
126.8
127 7
128.5
128.6
132.6
133. 2
m 1
130.7
130.9
131.4
131.6
131.9
132.0
132.7
133.3
134.0
134.1
134.5
134.7
118.5
118.9
119.2
119.5
119.6
119.9
120.1
120.3
120.5
120.8
121.4
121.8
107.3
107. 5
107.7
108.2
108 2
107.6
107.7
107.9
108.4
108.5
109 0
109.3
120 8
120 9
121 2
121. 4
121 5
121 8
122 2
122 1
122 7
123,0
123. 2
123 3
1957: January............... .
February........... ......
March..... ..................
April____________
May......................... .
June..........................
July— .......................
August......................
September................
October__________
November. ______
December..................
1958: January.. ________
February_________
118.2
118.7
118.9
119.3
119. 6
120.2
120.8
121.0
121.1
121.1
121.6
121.6
122.3
122.5
112.8
113.6
113. 2
113.8
114. 6
116.2
117.4
117.9
117.0
116.4
116.0
116.1
118.2
118.7
123.8
124. 5
124.9
125. 2
125.3
125.5
125.5
125.7'
126.3
126.6
126.8
127.0
127.1
127.3
106.4
106.1
106.8
106.5
106.6
106.6
106.5
106.6
107.3
107.7
107.9
107.6
106.9
106.8
133.6
134. 4
135.1
135. 5
135. 3
135,3
135.8
135.9
135.9
135, 8
140.0
138.9
138.7
138.5
135.3
135.5
136.4
136 9
137.3
137.9
138.4
138.6
139.0
139.7
140.3
140.8
141.7
141.9
122.1
122.6
122.9
123.3
123.4
124.2
124.7
124.9
125.1
126.2
126.7
127.0
127.8
128.0
109.9
110.0
110.5
111. 8
111.4
111.8
112.4
112.6
113.3
113.4
114.4
114.6
116.6
116.6
123.8
124 0
124, 2
124, 2
124 3
124 6
126 6
126, 7
126.. 7
126 8
126 8
126,8
127.0
127.0
• The Consumer Price Index measures the average change to prices of goods
and services purchased by urban wage-earner and clerical-worker families.
Data for 40 large, medium-sire, and small cities are eombined for the United
States average.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series. BL8 B ull 1168 (1CM).
SouiiCE: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 195b
468
T able D -2. Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Food, housing, apparel, transpor
tation, and their subgroups
[1947-49=100
Annual
average
1957
1958
Group
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
Food >_ ___________________________ Food at home_____________________
Cereals and bakery products......... Meats, poultry, and fish_________
Dairy products________________
Fruits and vegetables___________
Other foods at home ...................
118.7
117.2
132.6
112.0
114.5
124.4
111.3
118.2
116.7
132.5
110.2
114.6
121.9
113.1
116.1
114.3
131.8
106.0
114.6
113.9
114.9
116.0
114.1
131.6
104.6
114.5
114.6
115.6
116.4
114 7
131.4
106.3
114.2
114.5
116.2
117.0
115.5
131.2
110.3
113.1
114.8
115.0
117.9
116.6
131.0
111.9
111.5
121.3
113.8
117.4
116.1
130.8
109.5
110.5
126.9
111.7
116.2
114.7
130.6
106.9
110.0
126.8
109.5
114.6
113.0
130.4
103.7
110.0
122.5
109.9
113.8
112.1
130.1
102.0
110.5
118.7
111.0
113.2
111.4
129.8
100.6
110.7
116.1
111.6
113.6
112.0
129.1
101. 4
111. 1
116.5
113.0
115.4
113.8
130.5
105.2
111.8
118.6
112.9
111.7
110.2
125.6
97.1
108.7
119. 0
112.8
Housing8____________________________
Rent__ __________________________
Gas and electricity.- ______________
Solid fuels and fuel oil______________
Housefumishings__________________
Household operation____ ___________
127.3
137.0
115.9
137.2
104.9
129.9
127.1
136.8
115.7
138.4
104.2
129.7
127.0
136.7
114.3
138.3
104.9
129.6
126.8
136.3
114.3
138.0
104. 5
129.4
126.6
130. 0
113.8
137.6
104.8
128.7
126.3
135.7
113.7
136.8
104.8
128.3
125.7
135.4
113.3
135. 7
103.9
128.0
125.5
135.2
112.3
135.9
104.1
127.9
125.5
135.0
112.3
135.3
104.6
127.6
125.3
134.7
112.3
135.4
104.2
127.3
125.2
134.5
112.4
138. 1
105.1
126.4
124.9
134 4
112.4
139. 2
104.9
126.2
124.5
134.2
112.4
139. 3
105.0
125.6
125.6
135.2
113.0
137.4
104.6
127.5
121.7
132.7
111.8
130.7
103.0
122.9
Apparel - - _______________ ________ 106.8
* Men’s and boys’ __________ _____ _ 109.0
98.6
Women’s and girls’________________
Footwear_________________________ 129.5
Other apparel8........................................ 92.0
106.9
109.0
98.8
129.3
91.9
107.6
109.5
100.1
129.1
92.3
107.9
109.4
100.8
129.0
92.6
107.7
109.4
100.6
128.3
92,5
107.3
109.3
99.8
128.1
92.3
106.6
108.8
98.6
128.3
92.0
106.5
108.8
98.6
128.1
91.9
106.6
109.1
98.5
127.8
91.9
106.5
109.0
98.6
127.8
92.0
106.5
108.8
98.7
127.3
92.0
106.8
108.8
99. 3
127.6
92.2
106.1
108.6
98. 2
127. 2
91.7
106.9
109.0
99.2
127.9
92.1
105. 5
107.4
98.7
123.9
91.4
Transportation_______________________ 138.5
Private___________________________ 127.9
Public..............................— ..........- ........ 185.4
138.7
128.4
182.4
138.9
128.6
182.4
140.0
129.7
182.8
135.8
125.4
181.6
135.9
125. 5
181.1
135.9
125. 6
180.6
135.8
125. 6
180.2
135.3
125.4
176.8
135.3
125.4
176.8
135. 5
125.5
176.8
135.1
125. 2
175.8
134.4
124.5
175.8
136.0
125.8
178.8
128.7
118.8
172.2
8 In addition to subgroups shown here, total housing includes the purchase
price of homes and other homeowner costs.
8 Includes yard goods, diapers, and miscellaneous Items.
Soubce: U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
1 In addition to subgroups shown here, total food Includes restaurant meals
and other food bought and eaten away from home.
* Includes eggs, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, beverages (nonalcoholic!,
and other miscellaneous foods.
T able D-8. Consumer Price Index ^ U n ite d States city average: Special groups of items
[1947-49=100]
Year and month
All items
less food
All items
less shelter
All com
modities
All com
modities
less food
Durable
commodi
ties 8
Nondura
ble com
modities
less food 8
All services
All
services8 less r e n t8
Average
____ ________________________
Average
___ _____________________________
Average
_ . ______________________________
Average
_ . ______________________________
Average
_________________________________
Average
_ ______________________________
Average
________________ _________________
A verage.-__________________________________
Average ___________________________________
Average— _________________________________
Average
_
___________________________
95.1
101.9
103.0
104.2
110.8
113.5
115. 7
116.4
116.7
118.8
122.8
95.6
103.1
101.3
102.0
110.5
112. 7
113.1
113.0
112.4
114.0
117.8
96.3
103.2
100. 6
101.2
110.3
111.7
111.3
110.2
109.0
110.1
113.6
95.7
102.9
101.5
101.3
108.9
109.8
110.0
108.6
107.5
108.9
112.3
94.9
101.8
103.3
104.4
112.4
113.8
112.6
108.3
105.1
105.1
108.8
95.7
103.1
101.1
100.9
108.5
109.1
110.1
110.6
110.6
113.0
116.1
94.5
100.4
105.1
108.5
114.1
119 3
124.2
127.5
129.8
132.6
137.7
94.7
100.1
105.2
108.1
114.6
120.1
124.6
127.7
130.1
133.0
138.6
1957: February__ _________________________________
March_____________________________________
April ____________________________________
M ay__________________ _____________________
June_______________________________________
July _____________________________________
August____________________________ ________
September__________________________________
October ___________________________________
November__________________________________
December_______ ___________________________
121.5
122.0
122.3
122.3
122.5
122.8
123.0
123.4
123.7
124.6
124.5
116.4
116.5
116.9
117.1
117.8
118.5
118.7
118.7
118.6
119.2
119.2
112.3
112.4
112.8
113.0
113.7
114.4
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.7
114.7
111.4
111.9
112.1
111.8
111.9
112.2
112.1
112.6
112.8
113.8
113.6
108.3
108.6
108.8
108.3
108.4
108.2
108.4
108.6
108.6
110.9
110.3
115.0
115.6
115.8
115.6
115. 8
116.3
116.0
116.7
117.0
117.4
117.3
135.7
136.3
136.7
137.2
137.5
137.9
138.3
138.8
139.2
139.8
140.0
136. 1
137.1
137.6
138.1
138.4
138.9
139.3
139.8
140.3
140.9
141.1
1958: January .. ________________________________
_______ __ - ________________
February.
124.7
124.8
120.0
120.2
115.4
115.5
113.5
113.2
110.5
110.3
117.0
116.7
140. 5
141.0
141.7
142.3
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
1956"
1957:
1 See footnote l and Note, table D -l.
>Includes household appliances, furniture and bedding, floor coverings,
dinnerware, automobiles, tires, radio and television sets, durable toys, sport
ing goods, and from 1953 forward, water heaters, kitchen ginks, sink faucets,
and porch flooring.
» Includes solid fuels, fuel oil, textile housefumishings, household paper,
electric light bulbs, laundry soap and detergents, apparel (except shoe re
pairs), gasoline, motor oil, prescriptions and drugs, toilet goods, nondurable
toys, newspapers, cigarettes, cigars, beer, whiskey, and from 1953 forward,
house paint and paint brush.
8 Includes rent, gas, electricity, dry cleaning, laundry service, domestic
service, telephone, water, postage, shoe repairs, auto repairs, auto Insurance,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
auto registration, transit fares, railroad fares, professional medical services,
hospital services^ group hospitalization, barber and beauty shop services,
television repairs, motion picture admissions, and from 1953 forward, home
purchase, real estate taxes, mortgage interest, property Insurance, repainting
garage, repainting rooms, reshingling roof, and refinishing floors.
8 Formerly all services less shelter for 1953 and later years; for definition of
services, see footnote 4.
N ote: Indexes from 1953 forward have been revised to reflect the distribu
tion of shelter items, formerly included in “all services and shelter” now en
titled “ all services,” among the appropriate commodity and service classi
fications.
Soubce: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D: CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
469
T able D-4. Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods
Commodity
Cereals and bakery products: U n i t C e n t »
Flour, wheat..............................-5lb. 55.3
Biscuit mix *__..........................20oz_ 26.8
..lb .
Corn meal__________
12.9
Rice..................................... ...l b .
18.1
Rolled oats4............................... 18oz_ 20.2
Com flakes.................................12oz. 25.2
B re a d .........................
lb.
19.1
Soda crackers •........
lb.
29.2
Vanilla cookies..................... 7 oz.
24.6
Meats, poultry, and fish:
M eats.............................................
Beef and veal______________
Round steak__________ lb.
101.0
Chuck roast..................... lb.
61.1
Rib roast_____________ lb.
80.2
Hamburger...................... lb..
49.0
Veal cutlets___________ lb_. 129.3
Pork........................................... .
Pork chops, center c u t.- .lb .. 88.6
Bacon, sliced.................... lb.
77.2
Ham, whole______
lb .. 66.5
Lamb, l e g ___ __________lb
78.0
Other meats:
Fran kfurters*................... lb .. 61.0
Luncheon meat 12-oz. can
47.4
Poultry, frying chickens.......... .
Ready-to-eook............. ........lb. _ 48.3
Fish...............................................
Fish, fresh or frozen..............
Ocean perch fillet, frozen...lb.
44.4
Haddock, fillet, frozen........ lb.
53.0
Salmon, pink_____ 16-oz. can.
63.0
Tuna fish,chunk >
6-614-oz. can.. 32.7
Dairy products:
Milk, fresh, grocery....................
Homogenized, with vitamin D
added....... ..............
q t.
24.2
Milk, fresh, delivered...... .........
Homogenized, with vitamin D
added............................... q t.. 25.7
Ice cream *..................
p t.. 29.7
B utter___________________ lb.
74.9
Cheese American process___ lb.
58.2
Milk evaporated.. 14^4-oz. can.
15.0
AU fruits and vegetables:
Frozen fruits and vegetables *__
Strawberries * .............. 10 oz_.
26.3
Orange juice concentrate *.0 oz.
23.7
Peas, green s__________10 oz_,
19.6
Beans, green* *_______ 9 oz..
22.5
Fresh fruits and vegetables___
Apples ...............................lb
13.5
Bananas__________
.lb .. 17.2
Oranges____________ doz._
65.5
Lemon? *_______________ lb .. 18.8
Grapefruit • •_______ each—
11.7
Peaches * 11_____________ lb ..
(8)
Strawberries * <*._. ______ p t..
(8)
Grapes, seedless *11______ lb ..
(8)
Watermelons * •*_________ lb ..
(»)
Potatoes— ......... ............ 10 lb .. 61.3
Sweet potatoes..................... lb .. 15.5
Onions_________________ lb ..
9.0
Carrots_________
lb .. 15.7
Lettuce____________ head..
16.2
Celery •________________ lb .. 15.6
Cabbage...... ........
lb_. 11.4
Tomatoes *..____
lb .. 41.1
Beans, green...... ........
lb .. (*)
Canned fruits and vegetables___
34.9
Orange juice *__________ 46-oz.can—
Peaches________________ #2Hcan..
34.2
34.3
Pineapple________________ #2can—
Fruit cocktail *__________ #303can..
26.1
Corn, cream style___ #303 can.. 17.5
Peas, green______________#303can..
21.2
Tomatoes____ _____#303 can— 15.8
Baby foods *..... ......... 4}$-5 oz.. 10.0
Dried fruits and vegetables....... ...
Prunes......... ................
lb— 33.0
Dried beans......................... lb .. 16.8
See footnotes at end of table.
458901— 58----- 8
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Indexes (1947-49«» 100, unless otherwise specified)
Aver
age >
price,
Feb.
1958
1958
1957
Annual
average
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.f
Nov
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Feb.
1957
1956
114.7
96.0
115.2
95.8
137.5
147.6
143.7
113.6
127.6
114.4
96.0
114.1
95.6
137.2
146.5
143.7
113.3
128.1
113.8
96.0
114.1
95.3
137.2
143.0
142. 7
113.4
127.9
113.8 114.1
95.9
95.9
114. 1 114.0
95.2
94.6
136.7 136. 5
138.5 136. 4
142. 5 142.2
113.4 112.9
127.9 127.8
114.0
95.6
114.1
94.4
136.3
136. 2
142.0
113.2
127.4
113 9
95 8
113. 4
93.7
136.4
136 0
141.8
113 1
127.2
113.7
95.7
113.4
93.3
136.0
135.4
141. 5
113.2
127.3
113.7
95.7
113.7
93.1
135. 7
135.0
141.0
113.1
127.7
113.6 113.3 113.0 112.5
95.8
95.9
95.7
95. 9
113. 6 113.0 112. 4 112. 1
92.7
92.9
92. 2 92.2
135.4 134.7 133.6 131. 7
135. 1 135. 1 135.0 134.5
140. 6 140.3 140.0 139.1
112.9 112.4 112. 5 111.5
127.5 127.4 127.3 126.7
113.4
95.8
113.3
93.5
134.9
136.1
141.0
112.4
127.3
110. 7
95.4
111.0
92.8
119.1
128.9
134.7
107.3
124.0
116.7
114.8
122.7
115.1
110.2
106.6
110.5
107.7
117.8
104. 5 102.4
99. 4 96.3
110.2 105.8
92. 1 88. 2
107. 1 104.5
82.5
80.9
127.3 126.3
102.3 101. 1
114.2 112.0
94.3
93.2
95.8
95.6
104. 1 97.5
103.5
97. 1
107. 1
89.8
104. 7
80.6
126. 7
103.0
113.9
95. 4
96 9
99.0
108.7
102.8
113.7
95.0
111.0
86.6
127.9
107.3
119.1
101.5
97.4
103.5
97.9
95.7
107.1
87.2
104. 7
79.3
120. 8
93.1
107. 6
79.0
92. 4
99.8
120.4
100.7
140.4
111.3
121.7
105. 9
102.3
113.2
112.8
122.1
120.6
98.3
135.9
110. 1
120.8
103.7
102.1
110.5
108.9 111.1
105.6 105.9
116.3 117.1
102. 1
98.4
98.5
114.9 112.9 113.7
90. 1 89.7
91.8
130.4 128.7 128.8
105.2 103.7 108. 2
117. 1 117.3 120.9
96.0 103. 7
96.8
99.0
95.3
94.7
105. 1 104.3 104.5
115.2 116.3 113.2 110.5
107.3 106.9 105. 5 103.0
119.1 119. 2 117. 8 114.1
97.9
94.4
99.9
96.1
115. 2 114.4 113.5 111.8
91.2
87.0
90.6
89.7
129.5 128 8 128.0 128.8
116.0 119.2 114 3 110.9
124 7 127 6 127.3 127.5
117.4 120. 3 111.0 103. 0
99.1 102. 6 99 1 98.4
105.7 105.5 105. 5 107.2
106.7
101.3
112. 4
94 0
110. 2
84. 2
127 2
105.2
117.0
98. 3
96.9
105. 6
Apr.
Mar.
100.2
98.1
79.7
99.0
97.7
77.0
97.3
96.8
74.2
97.2
96.2
73.1
98.1
95.2
73.8
98.5
94.6
78.5
97.7
94. 2
83.3
95.0
93.8
83.3
93.0
93.5
80.9
89.7
92.7
78.9
88. 4
91. 8
79.1
88.1
90.7
80. 4
87. 8
89. 4
79.9
93.1
93.1
78.4
85.4
84.4
80.4
115.4
116.6
113.8
113.9
111.5
112.2
111.4
110.1
110.5
108.5
110.0
107.6
110 2
107.8
109.6
106.8
109. 0
106.0
109.7
107. 2
108.8
106.0
108. 6
105.4
109.3
106.7
109.9
107.6
m s
106. 5
131.0
130.8
130. 8
130.7
130.4
130.1
130.2
130.1
129.9
129.9
129.7
129.9
130.2
130.1
125.8
94.9
94.4
93.7
93.4
93.6
93.6
93.«
93.6
93.4
93.2
92.9
93.0
92.9
93.3
94.6
121.2
121.5
121.9
121.8
121.0
119.5
116.9
115.0
114.2
114.7
116.0
116.2
117.1
117.6
113.6
125.8
126.0
126.2
126.1
125.5
123.8
121.5
12a 1
119.3
119.3
120. Ö 120.5
121.0
122.1
118.4
98.4
94.8
109.8
110.5
98.4
94.8
109.9
98.1
94.8
109.6
109.0
97.8
94.9
109. 5
108.4
98.0
95.4
109.5
108.5
98.1
94.4
109. 6
108.5
97 9
93 2
109.5
108.3
97.7
93.2
109.3
108.0
97.7
93.4
109.4
107.2
97.3
93. 7
109 0
106.8
97.0
93. 6
109.0
106. 0
96. 6
93.8
109.2
105.4
96.3
93.8
108.9
105.3
97.4
94.0
109.3
107.2
95.5
91.3
108.4
103.4
110.3
81.9
129.4
100.4
103.1
131.4
117.6
106.9
142.2
97.7
79.4
99 2
99.8
102.6 101.9
128.0 116.5
114. 1 110.9
104.9 99.3
137.3 124.6
104.2 105.3
122.4 110.0
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8>
(8)
112.6
109.3
134.2 120.3
101.2
98.9
135.2 132.7
118.3 104.7
102.2
03.2
151.7 120.4
138.7 115.4
171.0 110.5
106. 0 105.3
109.4 108.0
109.3 108.4
110.9 110.6
100.6 100.4
103.6 102.8
97.8
79.4
99.4
100.3
97.6
79.6
98.9
100.3
101.5
117.4
104.8
114.6
141.9
96.7
(8)
(8)
(8)
77.6
(8)
105.9
112.7
95.9
125.5
133.3
92.7
114.1
83.3
104.5
105.7
108.5
110.5
110.5
100.5
102.8
102.1
104.0
102.8
110.9
137.1
86.2
97.0
79. 5
97.8
100 8
99.8
118.0
123.8
110.9
139.3
97.5
(8)
106.7
(8)
75.1
(8)
106.2
118.2
96.7
131.1
127.9
98.5
120.8
70.9
93 2
105.6
108.1
no.
110.4
100.5
102.0
102.3
103.7
103.0
111.0
137.7
86.1
96.3
79 0
96 4
100 3
100.3
128 5
(8)
115.6
133 6
98.1
(8)
99.6
(8)
88.0
72.8
111 0
155.8
110.2
125.7
153. 4
97. 6
121. 2
77.2
98.8
105.6
108.9
110.8
110.4
100. 4
101.7
102.9
103.0
102.9
111.4
140.2
85.2
95.8
79.0
95.0
100.6
100.2
137.4
194.8
112.2
126.8
96.5
<8)
123.5
(8)
129.6
86 4
114.3
166.3
135.9
117.2
130.7
115.9
124.6
95.7
109.7
106.0
110.3
111.3
110.4
100.3
101.9
103.2
102.9
102.8
111.7
141.4
84.9
95.9
79.5
95.6
100.4
99.1
137.1
195. 2
112.4
121.2
98.2
(»1
(8)
80.0
(8)
103.4
111.1
155.1
153.4
115.9
125.6
112.0
125.6
121.1
99.9
106.3
113.3
110.8
110.3
100.2
101.6
102.7
102.8
102.7
111.8
142.2
84.5
98.7
85.1
101. 7
100.1
98.3
123.5
150.1
100.8
119.4
102.5
110.1
(8)
(«)
m
(«)
(8)
(s)
108.1 105.3
143.8 128.6
145 1 116. 8
99.9
110.8
107.7 109.5
106.7 101.0
132.5 153.1
143 4 129.4
128 0 124.1
106.6 106. 7
115.4 116. 5
110.7 110.7
110.2 110.0
100.1 100.1
101.6 101.9
102.4 102.0
102.7 102.7
102 9 102.5
111 5 111.5
142.0 142.0
84.2
84.2
99.6
86.5
102. 4
102.0
98. 1
119.0
134.6
101. 1
119.0
105.9
109.1
(8)
(8)
<8)
(*)
103.7
122.1
99.4
101.8
95.4
107.7
138.7
116.5
153.8
107.1
118. 7
110.4
109.9
100. 3
102.2
101. 9
103.0
102.5
111.6
142.3
84.2
99. 8
87.5
102.9
103.0
95.9
119 5
131. 7
105 5
110. 2
113.2
109.9
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
106.0
121.6
102.5
103.0
117.3
114.9
125. 4
99.3
146.9
107.3
120.1
110.3
109.6
100.1
102. 3
101.7
102.8
102.4
112. 1
142.9
84.5
97.8
82.1
99.4
100.9
99.2
123.7
«140.8
107.7
126.2
103.0
«111.3
n09.9
1480. 7
“«90.6
1*87.5
107.9
131.0
111.9
117.1
121.9
104.1
125.9
105.1
117.7
106.3
113.2
110.4
110.2
100.3
102.2
102.1
103.4
102.6
111.5
140.3
85.2
103.1
91.2
107 0
107. 5
95.9
122 8
128. 9
104. 4
126. 7
101. 9
•«¡04.0
•2 97. 4
•» 99. 7
•« 80. 9
» 79. 5
127. 8
114. 9
112. 4
108. 1
114. 4
92. 7
114. 5
105. 4
119. 5
107.9
120. 0
111.0
108.8
100.8
106.8
102.1
104.1
100. 9
114.6
147.2
85.7
101.8
116.4
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
115.7
138.3
105.5
123.7
113.0
108.4
165.5
145.8
(*)
106.5
111.1
109.1
111.0
100.8
103.9
100.9
107.9
110.1
107.6
80.3
123.4
100.5
101.2
106.3
102.0
102.2
112.3
136.1
89.0
112.0
136.2
88.5
101.0
105.5
102.1
111.1
135.9
87.3
101.6
117.6
104.6
109.7
133.2
104.9
113.4
(8)
(8)
82.6
(8)
107.1
109.2
97.0
131.6
128.7
91.3
113.5
95.1
113.4
105.5
108.0
109.8
110.6
100.5
103.2
101.6
104.9
101.9
110.7
136.4
86.4
97.2
82.2
98 7
100.2
98 6
129.8
171.9
103.6
118. 1
104.0
113.0
(8)
81.4
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
470
T able D -4. Consumer Price Index 1—United States city average: Retail prices and indexes of selected
foods—Continued
Indexes (1947-49=100, unless otherwise specified)
Aver
age*
price,
Feb.
1958
Commodity
Feb.
Other foods at home:
C e n ts
Partially prepared foods:
U n it
Soup, tomato *____ 11-oz. can.. 12.5 100 0
Beans with pork 3—.16-oz. can.. 15.0 105.9
Condiments and sauces:
Pickles, sweet *___________ 7J4oz._27.1 100 4
97 4
Catsup, tomato *----------------14oz._22.1
184 7
Beverages____________________
( 18)
175.0
Coffee
_
Tea bags
package of 16- 24.0 124 0
27.3 120.3
Cola drink •...... carton, 36 oz..
85.8
Fats and o ils.......................... ......
Shortening, hydrogenated
90 1
3-lb. can.. 94.8
77 7
Margarine, colored----------- lb .. 29.7
82.0
L ard .__________________ lb— 22.3
Salad dressing------- -------- p t— 37.8 100 8
Peanut b u tte r*--------------- lb .. 54.0 110.5
113 6
Sugar and sweets_____________
55.6 115.6
Sugar_____________________6lbs..
107.9
25.3
Corn syrup *______________ 24oz„
Grape jelly 1______________ 12oz..27.6 115.3
4.5 inn 4
Chocolate b a r 1_________1 oz..
81.4
Eggs, grade A, large---------- doz.. 56.8
Miscellaneous foods:
Gelatin, flavored •________ 8-4oz..8.9 104.1
Annual
average
1957
1958
Jan.
Dec.t
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
99.1
104.9
98.5
104.6
98.3
104.4
98.5
104.1
98.7
103.6
99.6
104.2
99.9
104.1
99.7
104.3
99.5
103.3
99.6
103.5
99.1
103.1
98.9
104.1
99.0
103.9
98.3
103.0
100.1
98 2
184.8
175.2
123. 8
120. 4
86.3
99. 8
97.4
183.8
173.9
123.2
120.2
86.1
100.7
96.9
183.9
174.2
122.7
120.1
86.1
100.5
96.3
184.7
175.4
123.3
119.8
86.1
100.1
95.7
188.0
180.1
123.5
119.4
86.5
100.2
96.0
192.5
186.5
123.2
119.1
86.6
100.3
97.2
192.6
186.9
123.3
118.7
86.5
100.0
97.8
194.7
190.3
123.0
117.8
86.7
99.6
102.7
194.6
190.3
122.9
117.5
87.1
99.5
102.6
196.5
193.3
122.7
117.1
87.4
99.8
102.5
199.5
197 7
122.6
116.5
88.0
100.2
102.5
200.8
199.7
122.4
116.3
87.8
100.0
99.2
192.7
187.4
122.9
118.1
86.8
98.8
101.6
194.0
192.0
121.2
113.0
83.1
91. 5
78.1
82. 6
100.7
110. 5
113.7
115.8
107.3
115.4
100. 5
87.6
91.3
78. 0
83. 2
99. 7
110. 2
113. 4
115.6
106. 9
115. 0
100.4
95.5
90.9
77.7
84.1
99.9
110.2
113.4
115.5
106.6
115.0
100.4
98.1
90.9
78.0
84.3
99.7
109.9
113.3
115.4
106.6
114.7
100.4
99.6
92.0
77.9
84.9
99.8
109.9
113.4
115.5
106.6
115.1
100.4
93.0
92.7
77.7
84.5
99.7
109.8
113.3
115.5
106.3
114.7
100.5
85.4
92.8
77.7
83.1
99.8
109.7
113.0
114.9
106.3
114.8
100.5
77.6
93.6
78.1
82.3
99.3
109.5
112.7
114.2
106. 2
114.7
100.5
68.8
94.0
78.5
83.6
99.5
109.7
112.7
114. 2
105.8
114.8
100.5
69.9
94.3
79.2
84.1
99.3
109.7
112.5
114.0
105.7
114.3
100.4
72.3
95.4
95.3
80.3
80.0
84.7
84.6
97.7
99.0
109.4 109.6
112.4 112.1
113.9 113.8
105. 5 105.3
114 4 113.6
100.3 100. 1
72.4
76.9
93.1
78.5
83.8
99.2
109.8
112.8
114.6
106.0
114.5
100.4
82.2
90.5
75.6
73.1
94.3
110.0
109.6
109.8
101.5
111.4
100.0
86.8
103.8
103.6
103.9
103.5
102.8
103.4
103.1
103.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
102.6
103.0
99.3
i See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l.
.
j Based on prices in the 46 cities used in compiling the Consumer Price
Index. Average prices for each of the 20 large cities listed in table D-5 are
available upon request. Not strictly comparable with prices published for
months prior to January 1958 because of revision of outlet weights. For
explanation, see Retail Food Prices by Cities, January 1958.
* December 1952=100.
« Specification changed from 20 oz. to 18 oz. effective January 1958.
* Specification changed from 10 oz. to 9 oz. effective January 1958.
* 11 months’ average.
i May 1953=100.
* Priced onlv in season.
»January 1953=100.
m 7 months’ average.
11 July 1953=100.
12 3 months’ average,
is April 1953=100.
u 2 months’ average,
n 5 months’ average.
10 4 months’ average.
11June 1953=100.
is Price of 1-lb. can 95.2 cents. Price of 1-lb. bag 77.9 (priced only in chain
stores and large supermarkets).
*Not available.
tPrices collected the 9th, 10th, and 11th instead of the week containing the
15th as usual.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T able D -5. Consumer Price Index 1—All items indexes for selected dates, by city
[1947-49=100]
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Dec.
1957
Nov.
1957
Oct.
1957
Sept.
1957
Aug.
1957
July
1957
June
1957
May
1957
Apr.
1957
Mar.
1957
Feb.
1957
United States city average *.
122.5
122.3
121.6
121.6
121.1
121.1
121.0
120.8
120.2
119.6
119.3
118.9
Atlanta, Ga_____________
Baltimore, M d---------------Boston, Mass____________
Chicago, 111______________
Cincinnati, Ohio________
0
(3)
0
126.2
0
(3)
(3)
123.4
126.1
(3)
122.4
122.1
(3)
125.6
120.8
0
0
0
125.6
0
0
0
122.0
124.7
0
122.2
121.7
0
124.3
120.9
0
0
0
124.1
0
0
0
122.1
124.1
0
121.2
121.2
0
122.9
119.7
0
0
0
122.2
0
0
0
120.2
122.0
0
Cleveland, Ohio__________
Detroit, Mich____________
Houston, T e x ___________
Kansas City, Mo......... ........
Los Angeles, Calif________
124.5
123.7
122.3
(3)
124.1
(3)
123.7
0
122.4
123.7
(3)
123.3
(3)
(3)
122.9
123.3
123.5
122.4
0
122.9
0
122.7
0
121.8
122.2
0
122.8
0
0
122.0
122.8
123.0
122.1
0
121.2
(*)
123.1
0
121.7
121.1
0
122.5
0
0
121.0
121.7
121.9
121.1
0
120.8
Minneapolis. M inn_______
New York, N. Y_________
Philadelphia, P a_________
Pittsburgh, P a___________
Portland, Oreg__________
(3)
120.3
122.3
(3)
(3)
123.2
120.0
122.2
122.6
123.3
(3)
118.7
122.1
(3)
(3)
0
118.6
122.1
0
0
122.2
118.4
122.0
121.1
121.9
0
118.3
121.9
0
0
0
118.7
121.6
0
0
121.6
118.4
121.2
120.7
122.2
0
117.9
120.1
0
0
St. Louis, Mo____________
San Francisco, Calif______
Scranton, P a____________
Seattle, Wash____________
Washington, D. C ------------
(3)
(3)
119.1
125.0
120.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
<3)
122.5
124.8
(3)
(3)
0
0
0
117.8
123.9
119.4
122.1
123.5
0
0
0
0
0
117.8
123.7
119.1
121.3
122.8
0
0
0
City
0
0
0
0
0
i See footnote 1 and Note, table D -l. Indexes measure time-to-time
changes in prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage-earner and
clerical-worker families. They do not indicate whether it costs more to live
In one city than in another.
1 Average of 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
0
0
0
0
0
Annual average
1957
1956
118.7
120.2
116.2
120.6
119.9
0
121.6
118.1
(*)
0
0
121.5
0
121.4
121.0
121.2
123.3
119.6
118.1
116.9
117.1
119.5
116.0
0
121.4
0
120.4
120.6
0
121.0
0
0
120.4
120.4
121.0
120.5
0
120.3
122.1
122.2
121. 5
121.1
121.2
118.0
118.7
117.8
117.5
117.4
0
117.2
119.8
0
0
119.8
116.9
119.7
118.8
121.6
0
116.0
120.0
0
0
0
115.9
119.7
0
0
121.1
117.6
120.8
120.2
121.7
117.0
113.9
117.0
116.5
118.0
0
0
116.4
122.8
117.2
0
0
0
(*)
0
120.2
122.3
0
0
0
0
0
115. 5
122.2
117.5
121.2
123.1
116.9
123.1
118.3
117.2
118.4
112.9
118.1
114.9
* Indexes are computed monthly for 5 cities and once every 3 months on a
rotating cycle for the 15 remaining cities.
S o u r c e : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D: CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
471
T able D -6. Consumer Price Index 1—Food and its subgroups, by city
[1947-49=100]
Food at home
Total food 2
City
Total food at home
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Feb.
1957
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Cereals and bakery products
Feb.
1957
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Meats, poultry, and fish
Feb.
1957
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Feb.
1957
United States city average *...
118.7
118.2
113.6
117.2
116.7
112.0
132.6
132.5
129.1
112.0
110.2
101.4
Atlanta, Ga...... .................
Baltimore, Md________
Boston, Mass............. ........
Chicago, 111________ ____
Cincinnati, Ohio..................
116.7
119.4
117.8
116.2
120.0
116.2
118.8
117.1
115.5
119.8
112.1
115. 3
112. 5
110.9
114.4
116.0
116.3
116.0
113.9
118.6
115.3
115.6
115.2
113.3
118.2
110.8
111.6
110.0
108.8
112.7
126.5
128.3
130.9
124.9
132.2
125.9
127.6
131.1
125. 5
132.3
120.0
127.1
127.7
122.1
127.2
114.2
111.3
111.3
105.0
113.1
112.9
108. 9
108.9
102.7
112.0
104.7
102.8
Cleveland, Ohio.................
Detroit, Mich. ..................
Houston, Tex..... .................
Kansas City, Mo....................
Los Angeles, Calif.. .............
116.0
120.2
116.3
114.5
121.4
115.6
119.7
116.3
113.8
121.0
111.7
115.9
112.1
109.6
116.9
114.2
118.2
114.7
112.7
118.2
113.8
117.7
114.8
111.8
117.7
109.6
114.2
110.3
107.4
113.3
129.6
125.8
126.7
127.8
139.8
129.6
125.8
126.5
127.4
140.0
122.3
123.3
121.2
124.7
133.4
107.1
108.7
109.2
109.8
112.8
105.8
107.1
107.3
108.0
111.3
97.9
98.5
96.7
97.4
102. 7
Minneapolis, Minn_____
New York, N. Y ________
Philadelphia, Pa________
Pittsburgh, Pa........................
Portland, Oreg........................
117.7
119.1
121.7
120.4
118.2
116.9
118.6
121.2
119.8
118.9
112.6
112.9
116.5
114.8
115.6
116.6
117.5
119.4
119.3
117.0
115.7
116.8
118.9
118.6
117.5
111.2
111.2
114.8
112.9
113.5
134.5
137.2
133.7
130.9
135.1
134.2
137.4
134.0
130.4
135.7
129.9
132.9
131.3
127.3
131.2
107.3
112.6
113.7
111.2
113.5
104.9
110.7
112.2
109.8
112.2
96.1
103.4
104.4
98.5
101.1
St. Louis, Mo_________
San Francisco, Calif..........
Scranton, Pa___ ___ ____
Seattle, Wash..... ....................
Washington, D. C.................
119.4
121.3
116.6
118.9
120.0
118.9
121.2
116.0
118.6
119.7
115.6
116.1
110.6
115.9
115.9
115.6
119.6
116.6
118.3
118.1
115.1
119.4
115.8
118.0
117.7
111.7
114.7
110.0
114.7
113.6
125.6
141.0
135.0
141.6
131.6
125. 5
140.9
134. 6
141.2
130.9
124.9
139.0
125. 5
137.6
129.3
108.2
116.1
113.0
111.4
111.3
107.2
114.7
110.3
109.6
110.4
104. 7
100.4
101. 5
102.3
99.9
94.0
102.9
98. 9
Food at home—Continued
City
Dairy products
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Fruits and vegetables
Feb.
1957
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Other foods at home <
Feb.
1957
Feb.
1958
Jan.
1958
Feb.
1957
United States city average ».
114.5
114.6
111. 1
124.4
121.9
116. 5
111.3
113.1
113.0
Atlanta, Ga_..........................
Baltimore, M d___________
Boston, Mass____________
Chicago, 111______________
Cincinnati, Ohio...................
114.3
117.3
117.9
112.5
117.5
114.4
117.4
117.9
113.0'
117.9
113.1
112.4
113.8
111.0
114.2
128.4
120.7
118.7
123.2
125.5
123.6
119.4
118.4
121.4
122.7
117.7
110. 5
111.8
113.2
112.2
104.9
111.0
106.9
116.3
114.4
106.9
112.0
106.6
117.6
116.4
106.1
113.1
106.1
120.1
118. 0
Cleveland, Ohio_________
Detroit, Mich____________
Houston, Tex____________
Kansas City, Mo_________
Los Angeles, Calif________
110.7
113.3
112.7
111.7
110.1
110.8
113.5
113.0
111.6
110.2
108.4
112.7
112.7
107.9
105.3
118.4
135.5
121.4
116.1
125.4
115.3
133.5
121.7
113.0
122.3
112.2
128.6
119.7
111.0
122.8
113.8
112.5
110.4
104.7
112.4
116.2
113.8
112.9
105.8
114.5
116.6
115.8
112.3
106.1
112.9
Minneapolis, M inn............
New York, N. Y ..................
Philadelphia, P a...................
Pittsburgh, Pa___________
Portland, Oreg......................
107.7
116.6
119.9
117.2
117. 1
107.7
116.5
119.8
117.1
117.2
104.0
109.4
116.1
114.1
113.7
129.4
121.2
125.3
124.8
116.7
126.6
120.0
124.6
121.4
115.7
122.7
110.8
119.4
115.8
114.9
117.6
110.6
111.0
121.3
111.9
119.4
111.5
111.4
122.9
115.5
120.0
112. 2
112.6
121.8
117.0
St. Louis, Mo_____ _______
San Francisco, Calif______
Scranton, Pa_____________
Seattle, Wash____________
Washington, D. C._............
103.1
116.5
113.7
118.5
119.5
103.3
116.8
113.7
118.5
119.5
103.1
113.3
108.7
116.5
115.6
130.3
126.1
117.9
126.0
123.9
126.0
123.3
117.4
122.8
121.5
122.2
120.3
112.7
122.0
115.4
118.6
109.7
109.2
108.3
111. 7
120.6
112.5
110.2
111.5
113.4
120. 8
111. 0
110. 7
112. 1
114. 2
1 See footnote 1, table D -l.
2 See footnote 2, table D-2.
8 Average of 46 cities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4 S e e fo o tn o te
S o u r c e : U . S .
3, t a b l e D-2.
Department
of
Labor, Bureau
of
Labor Statistics.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
472
T able D -7. Indexes of wholesale prices, by major groups
1 0 7 .0
1 0 8 .8
1 0 4 .6
1953:
J a n u a r y ...
F e b r u a r y ..
M a rch
A p r i l ................
M a y -------------J u l y ...................
A u g u s t -------S e p te m b e r
O cto b e r
N n v f lm h f lr
D e ce m b e r.
1954:
Ja n u a r y ...
F e b r u a r y ..
M a rch
A p r i l ................
M a y _________
June
J u l y ...................
A u g u s t _____
S e p te m b e r.
O cto b e r
N o v f t m b f lr
D e ce m b e r.
1955:
Ja n u a r y ...
F e b ru a r y ..
M a r ch
A p r i l ................
M a y ..................
Ju n e
_
J u l y ...................
A u g u st
..
S e p te m b e r
O cto b e r
N o v e m b e r.
D e ce m b e r.
1966:
Ja n u a ry ..
F e b ru a ry .
M a rch
A p r il. M a y _________
Ju n e
J u l y _________
A u g u st. .
S e p te m b e r.
O cto b e r.
N o vem b er
D eoem ber
1957:
Ja n u a r y ..
F e b ru a ry .
M a rch -A p r i l ................
M a y ____ __
J u l y ..................
A u g u st
S e p te m b e r
October
November
December.
9 7 .0
95 6
8 9 .6
88. 4
9 8 .2
1 0 6 .1
1 0 5 .3
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .7
9 5 .3
1 0 3 .4
1 0 1 .3
1 0 5 .0
9 5 .5
9 9 .2
1 1 5 .9
1 1 3 .2
1 1 0 .6
9 9 .8
1 1 4 .0
1 1 4 .5
1 1 7 .0
1 2 2 .2
9 7 .3
9 5 .2
9 5 .3
9 5 .3
9 6 .9
1 0 4 .6
1 2 0 .3
1 0 6 .7
9 4 .8
9 6 .3
1 1 0 .0
97 2
9 8 .5
1 0 6 .6
1 0 9 .5
1 0 4 .5
9 4 .2
1 0 8 .1
1 0 7 .0
93
1 0 7 .9
1 1 1 .2
8
99 3
1 0 5 .7
1 0 6 .6
107. 2
9 0 .9
1 0 5 .6
1 2 5 .6
9 5 .4
9 9 .4
1 1 7 .2
1 0 9 .5
1 4 5 .2
1 1 9 .0
1 2 9 .6
1 0 9 .9
109. 6
1 1 0 .0
109. 4
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .5
1 1 0 .9
9 9 .6
9 7 .9
9 9 .8
9 7 .3
9 7 .8
9 5 .4
1 0 5 .5
1 0 5 .2
1 0 4 .1
1 1 3 .1
1 1 3 .1
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .2
1 1 3 .6
9 8 .8
9 8 .5
97. 5
9 7 .4
9 7 .3
9 8 .0
1 0 7 .8
1 0 8 .1
1 0 8 .4
1 0 7 .4
1 0 3 .6
1 0 3 .6
1 0 4 .2
1 2 7 ,3
1 2 6 .2
1 2 5 .7
1 2 4 .8
1 2 5 .4
1 1 5 .8
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .1
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .4
9 7 .9
9 6 .4
1 2 4 .0
1 2 4 .6
1 2 5 .5
1 2 5 .0
1 2 5 .7
1 2 6 .9
1 2 9 .3
1 2 9 .4
9 8 .1
9 5 .3
9 3 .7
9 4 .4
105. 5
1 0 4 .8
1 0 6 .6
1 0 4 .7
1 0 3 .8
1 0 4 .3
1 2 0 .5
1 2 1 .1
1 2 1 .7
1 2 2 .2
1 2 1 .8
1 2 1 .5
1 2 1 .1
1 2 0 .4
1 1 0 .9
9 7 .8
1 0 6 .2
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .5
1 1 1 .0
1 1 0 .9
1 1 0 .0
9 7 .7
9 8 .4
1 0 4 .8
1 0 5 .3
1 0 5 .9
1 1 0 .6
111.0
1 1 0 .2
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .1
4
110.
110. 5
1 1 0 .0
109. 7
1 1 0 .0
1 0 9 .5
1 1 0 .1
110. 4
1 1 0 .0
1 1 0 .5
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .3
110. 5
1 1 0 .9
99. 4
9 7 .9
9 4 .8
9 6 .2
9
9
9
9
5 .8
3 .6
3 .1
3 .2
1 0 3 .2
1 0 4 .3
1 0 3 .3
1 1 3 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .9
1 1 4 .7
1 1 4 .6
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .6
9 7 .6
9 7 .4
9 7 .5
9 7 .5
9 6 .9
9 6 .5
9 6 .2
9 5 .8
1 1 4 .6
1 1 4 .4
9 6 .1
9 5 .3
1 1 4 .2
1 1 4 .6
9
9
9
9
1 0 6 .8
1 0 5 .0
1 0 6 .5
1 0 6 .4
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 4 .3
1 1 4 .4
1 0 5 .5
1 0 3 .7
1 0 3 .8
1 1 4 .4
5 .0
4 .7
4 .8
4 .9
9 5 .1
1 1 4 .5
9 5 .3
9 5 .3
9 5 .4
99 9
111.0
9
9
9
9
1 1 0 .9
1 1 1 .2
9 .7
7 .1
7 .1
5 .6
111. 2
1 1 1 .1
9 5 .3
9 4 .9
9 4 .7
9 4 .6
9 6 .0
9 5 .6
9 4 .9
94 0
9 3 .0
9 2 .4
9 5 .2
9 5 .2
9 2 .8
9 2 .5
9 3 .1
9 2 .1
9 4 .2
9 1 .2
9 1 .8
89. 5
8 8 .1
8 9 .3
8 6 .8
8 4 .1
1 0 3 .8
1 0 3 .2
1 0 1 .6
1 1 5 .2
1 1 5 .7
1 1 5 .6
9 5 .2
9 5 .2
9 5 .3
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .1
1 0 3 .9
1 0 3 .1
1 1 5 .7
1 1 5 .5
1 1 5 .6
1 1 6 .5
1 1 7 .5
1 1 8 .5
9 5 .0
9 5 .0
9 5 .2
9 5 .3
9 1 .9
9 2 .3
9 2 .2
9 3 .2
9 2 .9
9 2 .9
9 3 .7
9 3 .8
9 4 .0
9 5 .3
9 6 .4
9 5 .3
9 5 .4
9 5 .4
1 1 1 .9
8 4 .1
9 8 .3
1 2 0 .4
9 5 .7
8 6 .0
8 6 .6
9 9 .0
9 9 .2
1 0 0 .4
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .6
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 3 .6
1 0 3 .1
1 2 0 .6
9 6 .0
9 5 .9
8 8 .0
9 0 .9
9 1 .2
9 0 .0
8 9 .1
9 0 .1
8 8 .4
8 7 .9
8 8 .9
1 1 6 .9
8 9 .3
1 1 7 .0
1 1 6 .9
1 1 7 .2
8 8 .8
8 8 .8
9 0 .6
1 1 7 .1
117. 4
118. 2
1 1 8 .4
89. 5
9 0 .9
9 2 .8
1 1 8 .0
1 1 7 .8
9 1 .0
9 1 .5
9 1 .9
9 3 .0
9 2 .6
1 0 4 .3
1 0 3 .9
1 0 3 .7
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .9
1 1 9 .0
1 1 9 .4
1 1 9 .8
1 2 1 .0
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .5
1 2 1 .4
1 2 2 .6
1 2 3 .1
1 2 3 .6
1 2 4 .2
1 2 4 .7
1 2 5 .2
125. 5
1 2 5 .4
1 2 5 .4
1 2 5 .2
9 5 .6
9 5 .6
9 5 .1
9 4 .9
9 4 .9
9 4 .9
9 4 .8
9 4 .8
9 5 .3
9 5 .4
9 5 .6
9
9
9
9
5
5
5
5
9 6 .7
9 7 .1
9 7 .7
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .2
9 9 .7
9 9 .8
9 9 .2
9 8 .4
9 8 .0
9 8 .4
« 9 8 .6
9 5 .4
« 9 8 .9
1 2 5 .2
1 2 5 .7
9 5 .5
9 5 .4
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .5
1 0 5 .5
1 2 6 .0
9 5 .4
9 5 .4
9 5 .1
106 5
1 0 7 .4
9 6 .7
.8
.7
.4
.3
1 0 6 .1
1 0 7 .2
1 2 6 .0
1 2 5 .8
125. 9
1 2 6 .1
9 1 .8
9 5 .0
9 4 .9
«99.8
« 100. 6
« 100. 3
1 0 0 .0
«
«1 0 0
«100.
105. 5
1 0 5 .5
1 0 5 .6
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .7
1 0 6 .7
1 0 7 .2
1 0 7 .1
n o. 8
1 0 7 .2
1 1 0 .5
1 0 9 .2
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .4
1 0 7 .2
1 0 8 .6
1 0 8 .2
1 0 7 .8
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .9
112 4
1 1 2 .8
1 1 3 .6
1 1 4 .4
1 1 4 .2
1 1 4 .0
1 1 4 .7
115. 5
1 1 5 .6
1 1 5 .9
1 1 6 .3
1 1 8 .1
1 1 8 .5
1 0 1 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .5
8 2 .9
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .3
1 0 7 .1
1 0 8 .3
1 1 1 .1
8 9 .9
1 0 1 .9
1 0 1 .5
1 0 0 .2
9 8 .8
9 8 .2
1 1 1 .7
1 1 1 .6
9 8 .1
9 7 .9
1 0 0 .4
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .9
1 0 7 .1
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .7
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .9
107. 4
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .0
1 0 8 .5
1 0 7 .1
1 0 7 .1
1 0 6 .8
1 0 7 .1
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .0
1 0 5 .9
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .5
1 0 7 .4
1 0 7 .0
1 0 6 .8
1 0 6 .4
107 2
1 0 8 .0
1 0 8 .0
1 0 8 .6
1 0 9 .3
111.0
1 1 1 .2
1 1 0 .9
1 1 0 .6
1 1 9 .5
1 1 8 .5
1 1 7 .2
1 1 6 .4
1 1 6 .3
1
1 1 6 .1
1 1 5 .8
0
9 9 .5
1 1 5 .7
1 1 6 .2
1 2 6 .9
1 2 8 .5
1 3 1 .4
1 3 2 .0
1 3 6 .8
1 4 0 .6 ,
1 3 8 .0
1 3 8 .3
1 3 8 .0
1 4 0 .3
1 4 3 .4
1 4 8 .7
151. 7
1 5 1 .0
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .4
1 4 8 .4
1 0 8 .3
1 1 6 .3
1 1 9 .6
1 1 9 .2
1 2 5 .0
1 2 5 .1
1 2 6 .1
1 2 6 .8
1 2 6 .4
1 0 6 .6
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .7
1 2 4 .8
1 2 4 .6
1 2 4 .9
1 4 7 .8
1 5 0 .6
1 1 4 .0
111.1
123. 5
1 2 4 .0
1 2 4 .2
1 2 4 .3
1 2 4 .8
1 0 6 .0
106. 5
1 0 6 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .9
1 0 7 .1
1 0 7 .3
1 0 7 .3
1 0 7 .1
1 0 7 .7
1 0 8 .2
1 1 0 .8
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .7
1 1 0 .9
1 2 5 .0
1 2 4 .6
1 4 7 .1
1 4 6 .2
1 4 5 .0
1 4 3 .5
1 4 2 .8
1 4 3 .3
1 4 6 .9
145. 7
145. 8
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .9
1 1 9 .2
1 1 5 .8
1 1 5 .8
1 1 6 .2
1 1 6 .9
1 1 8 .1
1 1 7 .3
1 1 7 .4
1 1 7 .5
1 1 7 .3
1 1 7 .1
1 1 7 .0
1 1 7 .0
1 1 7 .1
1 1 6 .6
1 1 6 .3
1 1 5 .8
1 1 5 .8
1 1 6 .2
1 1 6 .8
1 1 6 .7
1 1 6 .2
1 1 6 .1
1 1 6 .3
1 1 9 .1
1 1 9 .1
119 3
1 1 9 .8
1 1 9 .9
1 2 0 .0
1 2 0 ,3
1 2 1 .2
1 2 1 .4
1 2 2 .4
1 2 3 .5
1 2 3 .7
1 2 4 .1
1 2 5 .1
1 2 5 .7
1 2 5 .4
1 2 5 .0
1 2 5 .1
1 2 6 .3
126. 7
1 2 8 .0
1 2 8 .5
1 2 8 .0
1 2 7 .3
1 2 6 .6
125. 2
1 2 3 .6
1 2 2 .0
1 2 1 .5
116 3
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .0
1 1 6 .9
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .6
1 1 6 .8
1 1 7 .4
1 1 7 .7
1 1 8 .3
1 1 9 .0
1 1 9 .7
1 2 0 .5
1 2 2 .8
1 2 3 .2
1 2 3 .6
1 2 7 .2
1 2 6 .2
1 2 6 .3
1 2 6 .8
1 2 7 .1
1 2 7 .1
1 2 8 .0
1 2 8 .6
1 2 9 .1
1 2 9 .7
1 2 9 .9
1 2 9 .8
1 3 0 .1
1 3 1 .5
1 3 1 .9
1 3 2 .9
1 3 2 .5
1 3 2 .6
1 3 6 .7
1 3 9 .5
1 4 1 .9
1 4 2 .4
1 4 2 .9
1 2 1 .3
1 2 0 .7
1 2 8 .6
1 2 8 .5
1 2 8 .7
1 2 8 .6
1 4 4 .7
1 4 5 .1
1 4 4 .9
1 1 9 .7
1 1 9 .7
1 1 9 .3
1 2 8 .9
1 2 8 .9
1 2 9 .5
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 4 6 .9
1 1 8 .6
1 2 9 .9
1 4 6 .5
146 2
1 1 7 .8
1 1 7 .3
1 1 6 .9
1 3 0 .1
1 3 0 .9
1 5 2 .2
1 5 1 .4
1 5 1 .0
1 5 0 .1
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .2
1 5 2 .2
1 5 0 .8
1 1 6 .3
1 3 1 .0
150. 4
1 5 0 .4
* 1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .0
1 3 0 .9
1 3 0 .9
150. 1
1 3 0 .9
1958:
1 1 0 .6
*116. 8
9 4 .6
9 9 .5
1 0 8 .8
*126. 2
9 3 .6
January__ * 1 1 8 . 8
1 1 0 .5
9 9 .5
1 1 4 .3
9 4 .2
1 2 5 .8
95.5 1 0 9 . 0
February'. 1 1 8 . 9
i Preliminary.
‘ Revised.
« Corrected.
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 4 4 .8
1 4 4 .3
1 5 0 .0
9 1 .0
9 2 .0
1 2 1 .5
1 2 1 .6
1 1 2 .7
1 1 2 .9
1 1 3 .1
1 1 3 .9
1 1 4 .1
1 1 4 .6
1 1 4 .6
115. 1
1 1 6 .9
1 1 7 .2
1 1 1 .9
1 1 1 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .8
1 0 3 .0
1 0 1 .2
1 1 4 .3
1 1 4 .7
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .9
1 1 8 .1
1 1 9 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 5 .6
1 1 9 .6
1 2 0 .7
1 2 0 .7
1 2 0 .8
1 2 0 .8
1 1 5 .6
1 1 6 .2
118 1
1 1 8 .1
1 1 8 .1
1 2 1 .8
1 2 2 .0
1 2 2 .4
1 2 2 .9
123 4
1 2 3 .7
1 2 4 .0
1 2 4 .1
1 2 4 .2
1 2 4 .3
1 1 5 .0
1 0 1 .7
9 8 .5
9 9 .7
9 5 .8
9 5 .3
9 6 .4
9 4 .7
9 4 .4
9 3 .2
1 0 0 .1
1 2 4 .4
124. 5
1 2 4 .5
124 4
1 1 5 .2
1 2 0 .9
1 1 8 .2
1 0 1 .1
1 1 5 .1
1 1 5 .0
1 1 5 .6
1 2 4 .4
124 3
1 1 5 .5
1 1 5 .4
1 2 1 ,0
1 2 1 .0
120 8
1 1 9 .3
1 1 9 .1
1 2 0 .4
1 1 8 .0
1 1 7 .9
121 5
121 4
121 4
121 4
1 0 2 .8
1 0 4 .9
1 1 0 .3
1 0 9 .2
1 0 5 .1
1 0 3 .9
115. 3
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .6
1 2 0 .5
121
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .9
1 2 1 .5
121 5
1 0 2 .3
99 1
1 1 5 .6
1 1 5 .7
1 2 1 ,8
121. 8
1 2 1 .4
1 2 1 .4
1 1 5 .5
1 1 5 .4
1 2 2 .0
1 2 1 ,8
1 2 1 .9
1 2 2 .3
1 2 3 .2
1 2 3 .7
1 2 1 .4
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .6
1 2 4 .3
124. 3
124 4
1 2 4 .3
1 2 5 .8
1 2 5 .7
1 2 5 .8
1 2 6 .1
1 2 6 .1
1 2 6 .3
1 2 6 .7
1 2 7 .1
1 2 7 .5
1 2 8 .5
1 3 0 .0
1 3 1 .4
1 3 2 .5
1 3 3 .9
1 3 4 .7
1 3 5 .7
1 3 6 .5
1 2 0 .1
1 2 0 .2
9 7 .8
1 0 2 .5
1 2 4 .2
8 9 .6
1 3 3 .3
1 4 5 .0
1 4 3 .9
1 0 8 .3
1 1 5 .7
120. 6
1 2 6 .1
1 4 5 .1
1 4 4 .3
144. 5
1 0 4 .9
1 1 1 .8
1 1 8 .2
1 2 0 .9
129 6
1 4 6 .5
147 7
1 4 6 .8
1 2 1 .0
1 1 3 .6
1 1 3 .6
1 0 3 .5
1 0 9 .4
1 3 4 .6
1 4 5 .1
1 2 7 .7
1 2 7 .9
1 2 7 .9
1 2 8 .1
1 2 7 .8
1 2 8 .0
1 0 3 .1
9 6 .1
9 6 .6
1 0 6 .9
1 2 2 .2
1 2 6 .8
1 2 7 .4
1 4 5 .8
1 4 - 4 .9
1 5 0 .2
1 5 1 .9
1 5 2 .2
1 5 2 .1
1 5 2 .3
1 0 0 .8
1 4 6 .1
1 2 4 .8
1 2 5 .4
1 2 7 .3
1 2 7 .4
9 7 .2
1 0 0 .5
1 0 2 .3
1 2 1 .6
1 2 2 .3
1 3 3 .0
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .8
1 4 4 .7
1 4 5 .7
1 2 7 .5
9 3 .9
1 0 1 .7
1 0 4 .4
1 1 5 .9
1 1 9 .1
1 4 3 .9
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .1
1 0 9 .1
1 0 9 .3
1 0 9 .5
1 1 0 .4
1 1 0 .3
1 1 0 .6
1 2 8 .5
1 2 7 .9
1 2 7 .9
p ro d u cts
b e r
1 1 7 .6
1 5 1 .2
is c e lla n e o u s
1 3 6 .6
1 4 8 .4
M
1 1 9 .3
127. 2
1 1 2 .0
1 1 4 .2
1 1 5 .4
1
1 4 3 .8
1 4 5 .8
1 2 3 .6
125 4
1 2 4 .6
1 2 8 .4
137 8
1 2 1 .5
1 2 3 .0
1
1 2 8 .0
p ro d u cts
1 1 6 .3
P u lp , p a p e r, a n d
a llie d p r o d u c t s
1 1 8 .0
a n d
1 2 0 .3
1 2 0 .2
p ro d u cts
1 2 3 .9
1 3 4 .0
1 2 5 .0
1 2 6 .9
1 0 5 .3
1 1 4 .1
b e ve r-
1 2 6 .9
1 4 8 .0
9 8 .6
1 0 2 .9
b o t t le d
1 2 2 .8
1 2 3 .0
1 1 9 .0
1 1 6 .5
1 1 6 .1
1 2 0 .5
o p
ages
1 0 3 .1
9 8 .5
1 0 0 .9
1 1 9 .6
Sfe 'S
1
9 5 .6
1 0 1 .4
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .6
9 9 .2
1 1 3 .9
I I
To b a cco
m a n u fa c tu re s
a n d
9 2 .5
1 0 0 .9
1 0 4 .8
1 1 0 .3
9 3 .7
1 0 7 .2
9 8 .9
-S
1
M e t a ls a n d m e ta l
9 1 .3
1 0 3 .9
9 9 .0
1 0 2 .1
w ood
a llie d p r o d u c t s
C h e m ic a ls a n d
m a te
r ia ls
lig h t in g
F u e l, p o w e r, a n d
a n d fo o d s
1 0 3 .8
r Ê
1
1 1 1 .6
1 9 5 7 ..........................
1 0 1 .4
1 0 7 .1
1 0 1 .9
1 0 3 .0
F u r n it u r e
a n d
o th e r h o u s e
h o ld d u r a b le s
9 9 .8
1 1 1 .4
1 1 0 .7
114 3
9 0 .9
1 0 2 .1
M a c h in e r y
a n d
m o t iv e p r o d u c t s
9 5 .7
9 7 .5
1 1 3 .4
1050*
1 0 1 .0
L u m
9 2 .8
1 0 3 .1
1 1 4 .8
1 1 0 .1
1 1 0 .3
1 0 0 .1
1 0 4 .4
R u b b e r an d ru b
b e r p ro d u cts
1 0 0 .0
1 0 7 .3
1054
1055
H id e s , s k in s ,
le a t h e r , a n d
le a t h e r p r o d u c t s
9 6 .4
104. 4
9 9 .2
105»
T e x t ile p r o d u c ts
a n d a p p a re l
1047
104»
1040
1050
1051
1052
A l l c o m m o d it ie s
o th e r th a n fa rm
fo o d s
00
1
o
M
o,
P ro ce sse d
A ll
m o n th
c o m m o d it ie s
Y e a r an d
— -------------------------------------
[1947-49-100]
1 3 6 .8
1 3 6 .9
1 3 7 .7
1 3 9 .7
1 4 1 .1
1 4 3 .4
1 4 3 .6
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .1
1 1 5 .1
1 1 5 .1
1 1 5 .2
1 1 5 .5
1 1 6 .0
1 1 6 .4
1 1 6 .9
1 1 7 .2
1 1 7 .3
1 1 8 .0
1 1 8 .2
1 1 8 .1
1 1 8 .0
1 1 8 .0
1 1 8 .1
1 1 8 .3
119. 1
1 1 9 .7
1 2 1 .0
1 2 1 .1
1 2 1 .2
1 4 3 .9
1 4 4 .5
1 2 1 .9
1 2 1 .9
1 4 4 .8
1 4 5 .0
1 4 5 .1
1 4 5 .2
1 4 5 .8
1 4 6 .2
1 2 1 .9
1 2 1 .5
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .7
1 4 9 .2
1 4 9 .4
1 2 2 .3
1 2 2 .6
1 2 2 .7
1 2 3 .5
1 4 9 .5
1 4 9 .3
* 1 2 3 .5
1 2 3 .3
1 2 5 .3
1 2 6 .1
1 2 6 .4
5
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .7
9 6 .7
9 7 .0
9 8 .0
9
9
9
9
9
7 .0
7 .1
5 .6
4 .0
1 .3
8 9 .1
9 0 .8
8 9 .8
9 0 .3
9 1 .5
1 2 6 .8
1 2 5 .2
1 2 5 .4
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .7
1 2 7 .0
1 2 1 .7
8 9 .6
1 2 7 .1
1 2 7 .9
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .7
128 6
1 2 8 .6
1 2 8 .9
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .6
130 6
1 3 0 .8
1 3 1 .1
131. 5
1 3 1 .2
1 2 1 .7
1 2 2 .5
1 2 2 .8
1 2 3 .1
1 2 3 .5
8 8 .7
8 8 .2
9 2 .1
9 6 .1
9 2 .9
9 1 .3
9 1 .1
8 9 .9
8 9 .2
9 1 .2
1 3 1 .3
1 2 3 .6
9 1 .7
1 3 2 .0
1 3 2 .7
1 3 3 .2
1 3 4 .6
1 2 4 .0
1 2 4 .1
9 3 .2
1 2 4 .1
124. 5
1 2 4 .5
9 2 .0
91.
8 9 .4
8 7 .3
1 2 1 .6
1 3 5 .0
1 2 1 .7
1 2 2 .2
1 2 2 .4
1 3 5 .1
1 3 5 .2
1 3 5 .3
1 3 5 .2
135. 3
1 3 5 .4
1 3 5 .7
1 3 6 .4
136. 5
124. 7
1 2 7 .7
1 2 7 .7
1 2 7 .7
1 2 7 .7
1 2 7 .8
8 8 .0
88.8
9 2 .4
4
88.8
9 0 .1
8 9 .4
1 2 8 .0
8 7 .7
8 6 .8
8 7 .2
1 2 8 .1
1 2 8 .1
* 8 8 .5
8 9 .9
S ource: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
473
T a b l e D - 8 . Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1
[1947-49=100]
1958
Commodity group
Feb. 2 I Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
All com m odities.........................................
118.9 *118.8
118.5
118.1
117.8
Farm products............................................
Fresh and dried fruits and vegetables__
G rains.___ ___ ____________________
Livestock and live poultry___________
Plant and animal fibers......................... .
Fluid milk__________________ _____
Eggs......... ............. ....................................
Hay, hayseeds, and oil seeds_____ ____
Other farm products________________
95.5
124.0
80.0
91.8
102.4
97.3
74.2
79. 5
141. 5
79.1
86.5
103.0
*97.8
73.9
79.5
143.6
92.6
108.3
80.5
82.6
103.7
99.0
93.4
78.6
142.5
91.9
106.3
80.9
79.3
104. 7
99.4
Processed foods_______________________
Cereal and bakery products___ _______
Meats, poultry, and fish..........................
Dairy products and ice cream___ _____
Canned and frozen fruits and vegetables..
Sugar and confectionery______________
Packaged beverage materials__________
Animal fats and oils___ ______________
Crude vegetable oils................................. .
Refined vegetable oils........................ .......
Vegetable oil end products____________
Other processed foods________________
109.0
118.2
113.8
105. 5
114.8
173.3
69. 7
66.9
70.9
86.3
95.1
108.8
118.0
*100.6
114.1
105.0
*114.3
173.3
68. 5
*67.7
70.9
86.3
95. 4
All commodities other than farm and foods.
125.8 *126.2
1
100.8
93.6
121.6
94.2
Textile products and apparel.......................
89.4
Cotton products____________________
Wool products______________________ 105.1
Manmade fiber textile products.............. 80.8
Silk products............................................... 117.6
Apparel ... ............................................... 99. 3
74.1
Other textile products...............................
94.6
90.1
105.2
81.2
119.4
*99. 5
74.7
99.5
50. 5
90. 7
99.5
50. 2
90.7
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
118.0
118.
118.2
117.4
117.1
117.2
116.9
117.0
117.6
114. 3
77.6
144.1
91.5
91.0
107.7
98.9
80.6
81.2
78 4 81.5
103.3 102.9
96.9
98,8
103.5
91.2
77.3
78.0
141.5 143.2
93.0
106.3
82.4
86.7
104.0
94.9
79. 7
81.3
112 .9
92.8
90.6
89.5
88.8
90.9
108.0 105.4 109.0 103.0
94.1
82.7
85.4
87.5
83.9
87.3
86. 5
79.3
76.6
83.5
78.7
105.0 104.8 104.3 104.3 104.0
93 1 92.0
95.6
92.2
95.0
76.2
68.5
63.8
61.0
57.5
82. 4 83.3
84.4
85.2
85.1
142.9 145.7 144.1 144.7 146.0
107.4
118.3
95.5
114.7
104.6
114.3
173.3
70.4
67.1
70 9
85.5
96.3
106.5
117.6
93.6
114.5
103.8
114.4
172.9
71. 1
65.2
68.5
84.7
96.6
105.5
117.3
91 6
113 7
103.6
113. 8
172.9
74.0
61.5
68.5
84.7
96.0
106.5
116.7
95.7
112.4
102.5
113.9
178.3
78.3
61.3
64.5
84. 1
96.0
106. 8
116. 7
97.7
110.3
102. 1
113.8
183.7
74.4
62 3
106.1
117.0
96.6
108.1
101.9
113.5
183.7
72.1
63.8
65.5
84.9
95.4
112.8
112.1
84.1
95.1
107 2
117 7
99.2
108.2
102.3
114.3
183.7
76. 2
65.3
66.9
84.3
94.8
183.7
70.3
62.9
65.4
85.2
95.3
183.7
73.3
65. 4
70.1
126.1
125.9
125.8
126.0
126.0
125.7
125.2
125.2
94.9
90.2
105. 8
82.1
119.5
99.6
75.8
95.0
89.8
107.4
82.3
119.6
99.6
76.7
95. 1 95.4
89.9
90.0
108.3 110.3
82.3
82.3
121 . 1
120.0
99.6
99.7
77.2
77.2
95.4
90.2
95.4
90.5
111.3
81.9
121. 5
99.5
75.8
95.5
90.6
111.5
81.9
122.4
99.5
76.8
95.4
90.7
110. 9
81.8
124.7
99.5
76.9
100.1
66.1
111.2
82. 1
122.0
99.6
75.7
Chemicals and allied products_______
Industrial chemicals______________
Prepared paint.....................................
Paint materials__________________
Drugs and pharmaceuticals________
Fats and oils, inedible........... ...........
Mixed fertilizer__________________
Fertilizer materials_______________
Other chemicals and allied products..
99.5 GOO. 0 G 00.1 G 00. 0 G00. 3 G00. 6
53.8
50.3
56.8
58.2
61. 5 62 1
91.2
90.8
91.2
91.6
92 2
91.6
122.1 *122.1
«
122
. 0 0121 . 8 G21. 0 G 21. 0 G21. 0
122.0
98. 5 *98. 5 « 98. 4 0 98. 7 98.4
98.4 98.2
98.5
114.3 *116.8 116.2 115.7 115.8 116.1 116.3 116.4
126. 2 126.0 126.3 125.8 125.6 124.8 124.4 124.0
161. 9 161.9 161.9 161. 9 161.9 161.9 161.9 161.9
125.8 *125. 8 120.7 116.0 112.2 112.2 111 . 1 111.8
97.2 *97.2 96.1
96.1
96.1
95.5
95.5
96 6
118.2 122.9 123.5 123.5 124.6 125.6 125.5 126. 4
110.5 110.6 110 . 6 110.3 110.4 110.2 109.8 109.5
123. 7 123.9 123.9 123.6 123.6 123.5 123.6 123.5
128. 4 128.4 128.4 128.1 128. 1 128.1 128. 1 128. 1
103.2 *103. 5 101.7 101.6 102.2 101.5 100.5
99.9
93. 6 *93.6
93.4
93.5
93.4
93.5
93 4
93.4
62.6 *62.9
65.4
65.2
64.8
64.5
61.0
63.4
112 .1
112.2
112 .1
112.3 112.1 112.0 110.5 108.3
110 .5
110.5 107.8 107.7 107.6 106.4 106. 5 106.3
107.0 *107.0 106.9 106.6 106.8 106.7 105. 5 105.4
Rubber and rubber products________
Crude rubber.......................................
Tires and tubes.................................. .
Other rubber products____________
144.3
131.1
152. Ü
143.1
Lumber and wood products_________
Lumber________________________
Millwork_______________________
Plywood________________________
116.0 *116.3
116.3 *116.5
127. 7 127.7
93. 7 95. 6
Hides, skins, leather, and leather products.
Hides and skins____________________
Leather______ _____________________
Footwear....................................................
Other leather products............................. .
Fuel, power, and lighting materials______
Coal__________________ ___________
Coke_____________________________
Gas________ ______________________
Electricity____ ____________________
Petroleum and products......................III.
Pulp, paper, and allied products_________
Woodpulp_____________________
Wastepaper.................................................
Paper...........................................................
Paperboard.................................................
Converted paper and paperboard prod
ucts...........................................................
Building paper and board.........................
Metals and metal products_____________
Iron and steel_____ ___________ _____
Nonferrous metals............. ........ IIIIIIIII
Metal containers____________________
Hardware___ __________________ I”
Plumbing equipment.............. ...... IIIIIII
Heating equipment....................................
Fabricated structural metal products___
Fabricated nonstructural metal products.
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
130.9
Annual
Average
1957
144.8
133.7
152.0
143.1
130.9
104.9
116. 5
91.6
110.7
103.5
104. 3
116. 8
90.9
88. 4
96. 1 103.6 104.2
84.1
87.0
87.0
75.0
80.2
71.3
103.9 104.0 102.8
97. 5 96.0
94.5
77.2
66.3
81. 9
82.0
84.7
82. 6
148.2 144.6 146.9
88.8
103. 7 103.9
116.7 115. 9
84.6
83.9
111.3 112. 5
105.9 105.9
112.3 112.0
190.9 194.5
78.8
83.4
67. 6
71.7
78.2
78.5
89.2
90.2
95.1
95.7
105.6
116.9
91.9
111.7
103.9
113.4
183.1
75.6
65.7
70.1
95.5
101.7
115.2
81.6
108.6
107.9
109.8
192. 7
69. 8
68. 5
73. 4
85. 3
96.8
125.4
125.4
125.5
125.6
122. 2
95.3
90.8
109.9
81. 5
124.8
99.6
75.9
95.4
91.1
109.0
81.7
123.0
99.6
76.1
95.7
91.9
109. 5
82.0
123.2
99. 6
75.9
95.4
90.7
109.5
82.0
95. 3
93.0
103. 7
81 4
121 .9
99. 6
72.8
88.2
111.4
104.9
86.1
95.2
98.4
«99.8 ” 98.9 «98.6
98.0
55.8
51.8
51.0
50. 1
59.4
88.8
88.6
87. 8
91.1
88.6
G20.9 G20. 8 «1 2 1 .1 «120. 7 «120. 7
97.5
97.8
97.8
97.4
97.3
86.1
122.1
99.6
76.4
99.4
55.2
90.2
12 1.1
98.0
99 3
59 2
91 2
119. 3
98.6
117.2
123.3
161.9
113.0
94.3
128.4
118.5
123 3
161.9
116.5
94 9
129.8
119.5
123.2
161.9
118.4
96 6
130.4
119.2
123.6
161.9
118. 4
94 9
130.7
119.6
124.0
162.2
122.3
94 3
13L0
117.2
124.4
161.7
116.1
95. 5
127.0
11 1 . 2
114 J5
149 7
115.1
109.3
124.0
125.5
99.7
93.4
60.2
108.3
106.3
105.0
109.1
123.6
124.7
99.8
93.3
59.2
108.4
107.2
105.2
109 1
123.6
124.1
99.8
93.5
58.2
108.6
107.5
105.2
108.8
122.9
124.1
108.8
123. 2
124.1
93.2
57.9
108.5
106.8
105.2
93.1
58.0
109.3
105.9
105.1
109.5
123. 5
126.3
100.5
93.3
61.4
106.8
105.7
107. 2
121. 4
120. 0
99 6
92.1
56 2
108. 7
108. 4
103. 2
144.3
142.0
149.0
140.0
143.9
140.2
149.0
140.0
145.2
141.3
150.9
140.9
145. 8
146. 7
152, 2
138.0
100.1
100.6
110.0
118. 2
145.7 144.7
135. 7 131.6
153.5 c153. 5
142.7 142.3
146.2
138.1
153.5
142.5
146.5
140.3
153. 5
142.2
146.9
144.3
153. 5
140.8
144.9
145.0
149.0
140.0
145.1
145.9
149.0
139.9
144.7
144.0
149.0
139.9
144.5
143.2
149.0
140.0
116.3
116.4
127.7
95.6
117.3
117.5
128.3
96.9
117.8
118.3
128.3
94.7
118.6
119.4
128.3
95.2
119.3
119.7
120.4
128.5
97.7
119.7
128.3
96.9
120.2
121.2
128.3
96.7
120.1
121.2
128.3
96.8
128.7
96.2
120.7
121.9
128.7
96.4
119.0
119.7
128.3
96.4
125. 4
127. 2
129.1
101.7
130. 9
129.5
118.0
128.9
118.0
128.9
118.0
128.6
118.0
66.1
68.6
128. 5
118.0
76.4
139.2
136.2
129.6
118.8
77.2
141.9
136.3
127. 2
117.7
112. 3
137. 3
134. 8
116.9
117.1
128.0
96.4
131.0
130.9
121.2
88 5
121.2
120.0
120.6
143.2
136.6
88.5
143.3
136.6
88.5
143.2
136.6
130.1
118.0
88.5
143.2
136.2
129.9
118.0
74.7
143.2
136.2
142.8
136.2
142.4
136.2
142.4
136.2
140.7
136.2
128.7
118.0
75. 4
140.1
136.2
127.2
141.7
127.2
141.7
127.0
141.7
127.0
141.7
126.5
141.7
126.5
141.7
126.1
141.7
125.3
141.7
125.3
141.7
125.2
14L7
125.6
141.1
125.6
141.1
126.1
141.5
123.1
136. »
150.1 150.0
167. 7 166.9
128.0 128.6
152.8 *152.8
168.6 168. 4
126.5 127.6
121.4 *121.6
134.8 *134.8
146.0 146.4
150.4
166.5
130.6
153.1
168.1
128.5
121.5
134.6
147.0
150.4
166.5
130.8
153.1
167.4
128.5
150.8
167.8
129.9
153.1
167.4
128.5
122.3
134.6
147.1
152.2
170.2
131.7
153.1
167 2
128.9
122.3
134.9
147.1
153 2
171.2
134.6
153.1
165.9
129.0
122.3
135.6
146.6
152.4
170.3
134. 1
152.8
164.5
129.1
150.6
165.4
138.1
152.5
164.3
129.1
121.9
131.7
143.1
150.0
162.9
139.9
152.5
164.3
130.1
121.4
132.2
143.3
150.1
161.9
142.5
148.0
163.5
131.6
151.0
163.8
143.2
148.0
162.2
132.0
151.4
163.9
145. 4
147.4
162.0
133.4
151.2
166.2
137.4
151.2
164.9
130.2
12 1.6
122.8
122.1
148. 4
154.7
156.1
141. 6
155.9
133.9
119.1)
132.6
135. 1
121 . 2
121.2
83. 5
143.1
136.4
83. 5
143.2
136.4
127.3
141. 7
122.1
134.6
147.0
121.2
68.0
122.8
134.5
145.3
66.1
12 1.6
132.8
143.3
133. 4
142.8
133.3
142.0
133.8
144.7
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
474
T able D -8. Indexes of wholesale prices, by group and subgroup of commodities 1—Continued
[1947-49=100]
Commodity group
Annual
average
1957
1958
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
1957
1956
149.4
137.9
165.3
171.3
149.2
137.4
165.2
171.3
147.7
136.2
164.9
170.6
146.9
133.4
162.9
168.9
146.2
132.5
161.4
167.0
145.8
132.3
157.9
166.1
145.2
132.3
157.6
165.6
145.1
132.3
157.6
165.6
145.0
132.1
157.5
165.3
144.8
132.2
156.7
164.9
144.5
132.0
156.3
163.8
146.1
133.6
160.0
167.0
137.8
127.6
148.6
156. 4
159.4 *160.8 160.8 160.8 159. 5
148.9 149.0 <=148. 4 «148.1 «147. 5
151.1 *151.0 150.8 150.9 150. 7
139.1 139.1 139.1 138.7 135.5
158.5
147.3
150.8
134.8
158.0
146.3
149.6
134.7
157.4
144.5
149.5
134.7
156.5
143.9
148.2
134.7
156.0
143.8
148.2
134.7
156.2
143.7
147.8
134.7
155.9
143.3
147.5
134.6
155.8
143.0
147.1
1316
157.6
145.2
149.0
135.4
147.5
137.0
138.4
129.8
Feb.ä
Jan.
Machinery and motive products..................
Agricultural machinery and equipm ent...
Construction machinery and equipment—
Metalworking machinery and equipment.
General purpose machinery and equip
ment __________________________
Miscellaneous machinery_____________
Electrical machinery and equipment.......
Motor vehicles______________________
149.3 149.5
138.1 *138. 2
165.5 *165. 5
171.1 171.3
Furniture and other household durables___
Household furniture_________________
Commercial fu rn itu re_______________
Floor coveting______________________
Household appliances________________
Television, radio receivers, and phono
graphs_____ ______________________
Other household durable goods................
123.3
123.3
154.1
130.0
105.4
*123.5
*123.1
154.1
*131.1
*105.4
123.5
122.8
154.1
132.6
105.4
122.7
122.8
153.8
132.5
105.1
122.6
122.6
153. 6
132.5
105.4
122.3
122.5
153.6
132.5
104.6
122.4
122.9
153.6
132.5
10*1.7
122.2
122.8
153.6
132.5
104.9
121.7
122.4
147.3
133.8
105.2
121.6
122.4
147.3
133.8
105.1
121.5
122.4
147.3
133 8
105.4
121.9
122. 2
146.9
134 3
106.8
121.9
122.0
146.9
134.3
106.8
122.2
122. 6
150.4
133.4
105.5
119.1
119.0
141.8
131.1
105.5
94.2
153.9
94.8
153.9
95.6
153.1
95.6
149.5
95.6
148.8
95.6
148.3
95.6
148.2
94.8
147.9
93.4
147.9
93.1
147.7
93.1
147.0
93.1
147.0
93.5
147.0
94.4
148.3
93.1
140.9
Nonmetallic minerals—structural________
Flat glass__________________________
Concrete Ingredients________________
Concrete products___________________
Structural clay products...... ........... ..........
Gypsum products___________________
Prepared asphalt roofing______________
Other nonmetallic minerals___________
136.5
135.7
139.0
127.8
155.3
127.1
124.6
131.1
136.4
135.7
138.9
127.5
155.3
127.1
124.6
131.1
135.7
135.7
136.9
127.2
155.1
127.1
124.6
131.1
135.4
135.7
136.9
126.7
155.1
127.1
124.6
128.5
135.3 135.2
135. 7 135.7
136.9 136.7
126.5 126.3
155.1 155.0
127. 1 127.1
124.6 124.6
128.5 128.6
135.3
135.7
136.5
126.4
155.0
127.1
125.8
128.4
135.2
135.7
136 4
126.4
155.1
127.1
125.8
128.3
135.1
135.7
135.8
126.7
155.1
127.1
125.8
128.3
135.0
135.7
135.7
126.7
155.0
127.1
125.8
128.3
134.6
135.7
135.7
126.6
155.0
127.1
121.6
128.3
133.2
135.7
135.1
125.7
150.8
127.1
118.2
127.5
132.7
135.7
134.8
125.6
150.7
127.1
115.3
126.0
134.6
135.7
136.0
126.4
154.0
127.1
122.3
128.0
129.6
133.4
130.6
123.0
148.0
127.1
111.7
123.4
Tobacco manufactures and bottled bev
erages____________________________ 128.1
134 8
Cigars______ ______________________ 105.9
Other tobacco manufactures............. ........ 144.3
Alcoholic beverages__________________ 120.3
Nonalcoholic beverages_______________ 149.3
128.1
134. 8
105.9
144.3
120.3
149.3
128.0
134. 8
105.1
144.3
120.3
149.3
127.8
134 8
105.1
144.3
119.8
149.3
127.7
134. 8
105. 1
144.3
119.6
149.3
127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3
127.7
134. 8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3
127.7
134.8
105.1
143.8
119.6
149.3
124.7
124.0
105.1
134.9
119.6
149.3
124.5
124.0
105.1
127.7
119.6
149.3
124.5
124.0
105.1
126.9
119.6
149.3
124.1
124.0
105.1
126.0
119.0
149.0
124.1
124.0
105.1
126.0
119.0
148.7
126.1
129.4
105.0
136.0
119.5
149.2
122.3
124.0
104.2
122.8
115.8
148.3
89.6 *88.5
Miscellaneous products________________
Toys, sporting goods, small arms, and
ammunition______________________ 120.2 *120. 2
64.1
66.0
Manufactured animal feeds___________
97.5
Notions and accessories_______________ 97.6
Jewelry, watches, and photographic
equipm ent..___ __________________ 107.4 107.1
Other miscellaneous products_________ 131.4 131.6
87.2
86.8
87.7
89.4
90.1
88.8
87.3
89.4
91.4
92.0
92.4
89.6
91.0
117.5
72.0
96.7
117.5
72.8
96.7
117.7
67.3
97.3
116.1
72.0
95.3
107.6
126.5
107.7
126.3
107.5
128.4
104.9
124.1
i gee Note, table D-7.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
118.0
62.1
98.5
117.9
61.4
97.8
117.9
63.2
97.4
118.2
66.4
97.4
117.8
68.2
97.4
117.5
66.0
97.4
117.5
63.4
97.4
117.5
67.2
97.4
117.5
71.0
97.4
107.7
130.9
107.7
130.9
107.6
130.7
107.6
130.1
107.2
129.4
106.8
128.8
106.8
127.2
107.6
126.8
107.6
126.8
‘ Revised.
S o u r c e :
« Corrected.
U. S. Department oí Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D : CONSUMER AND WHOLESALE PRICES
475
T able D -9. Indexes of wholesale prices, by economic sectors
[1947-49=100]
1958
Commodity group
Feb.1 Jan.
Annual
average
1957
Dec. Nov.
Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb.
1957
1956
All commodities............................................... ....................... 118.9 *118.8 118.5 118.1 117.8 118.0 118.4 118.2 117.4 117.1 117.2 116.9 117.0 117.6 114.3
Crude materials for further processing_________________
Crude foodstuffs and feedstufls......................................
Crude nonfood materials except fu el....................... .
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for manu
facturing..... ................ ...........................................
Crude nonfood materials, except fuel, for con
struction................................................................
Crude fuel......... ......... ......................................................
Crude fuel for m anufacturing.. ______ _______ _
Crude fuel for nonmanufacturing industry______
99.4 *97.6 96.4 95.3 95.3 97.0 99.6 99.7 98.8 96.5 97.1 96.7 96.7 97.2 95.0
93.0 90.3 88.5 86.8 86.1 87.3 90.3 90.4 89.1 86.9 88.0 86.5 85.9 87.7 84.0
108.1 107.9 107.7 108.1 109.9 112.6 115.0 115.2 115.0 112.0 111.6 113.4 114.2 112.5 114.2
106.4 106.2 106.2 106.6 108.5 111.5 114.1 114.3 114.2 110.9 110.5 112.5 113.3 111.5 113.6
139.0
124.3
123.8
124.9
138.9
*124.1
*123. 7
*124.8
136.9
122.4
122.1
123.0
136.9
120.5
120. 2
121.0
136.9
119.0
118.7
119.4
136.7
118.6
118.4
118.9
136.5
118.0
117.8
118.2
136.4
118.0
117.9
118.3
135.8
118.1
117.9
118.3
135.7
119.3
119.2
119.6
135.6
120.0
119.8
120.2
135.1
119.9
119.6
120.5
134.8
121. 7
121.3
122.3
136.0
119.7
119.4
120.1
130.8
113.3
113.0
113.7
125.0 *125.4 125.4 125.3 125.2 125.4 125.5 125.2 124.5 124.7 125.0 124.9 125.1 125.1 122.1
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components______
Intermediate materials and components for manu
facturing............... .......................................................
Intermediate materials for food manufacturing___
Intermediate materials for nondurable manu
facturing__________________ _____ ________
Intermediate materials for durable manufacturing.
Components for manufacturing...............................
Materials and components for construction..................
Processed fuels and lubricants............................... ........
Processed fuels and lubricants for manufacturing..
Processed fuels and lubricants for nonmanufactur
ing industry........... .................................................
Containers, nonreturnable.................................... ..........
Supplies________________________ ______________
Supplies for manufacturing___________ _______
Supplies for nonroanufacturing Industry........... . . .
Manufactured animal feeds..............................
Other supplies.....................................................
105.3 105.6
153.7 153.8
149.1 149.4
132. 5 132.9
108.6 *111.8
108.2 *110.8
105. 8
154.2
149.3
132.9
111.4
110.2
105.8
154.2
149.2
133. 0
111.1
109.9
106.0
154.2
148.9
133.0
111.5
110.0
106.0
154. 3
149.4
133.1
112.0
110.3
105.9
154. 7
148.8
133.4
112.6
111.0
105.8
153. 8
148.3
133.3
112.7
110.9
105.9
151.6
147.7
132.6
113.3
111.3
105.6
152.0
148.0
132.6
114.3
112.3
105.4
152. 5
147 9
132. 8
115.2
113.2
105.2
152. 5
147.6
132. 7
114.7
112.6
105.5
152.6
147.4
132.8
114.7
112.7
105.7
153.2
148.3
132.9
113.0
111.2
104.3
148. 5
142.9
132.0
106.7
105.3
109.2
136.3
113.2
140.7
100.7
65.4
121.3
*113.6
136.4
112.7
140.6
100.0
63.6
121.3
113.5
136.6
112.4
140.6
99.5
62.0
121.6
113.3
135.5
112.1
140.6
99.2
61.2
121.5
114.1
135.3
112.3
140.2
99. 7
62.6
121.4
114.9
134.9
112.6
138.5
100.9
66.0
121.3
115.4
134.8
112. 5
136.9
101.5
67.9
121.1
115.7
134.5
111.7
137.0
100.2
65.6
120.4
116.8
134.1
110.9
136.7
99.1
63.6
119.9
117.9
134.1
112.0
136.7
100.8
67.8
120.0
118.6
132.8
113.1
136.8
102.4
71.7
120.2
118.3
132.9
113.3
136.1
103.0
73.1
120.4
118.2
132. 7
113. 4
135.9
103.3
73.7
120.4
116.0
134.3
112.5
137.6
101.1
67.6
120.7
109.1
128. 5
111.3
132.9
101.6
72.9
118.2
Finished goods (goods to users, including raw foods and
fu els)...................................................................................
Consumer finished ijoods..................................... ...........
Consumer foods...................................... .................
Consumer crude foods....................... ................
Consumer processed foods------------ -----------Consumer other nondurable goods..........................
Consumer durable goods...........................................
Producer finished goods..............................................
Producer goods for manufacturing industries____
Producer goods for nonmanufacturing industries..
120.2 *120. 4
112.9 *113.1
108.8 108.5
102. 7 101.7
110.1 *110.0
112.0 *112. 7
124.9 *125. 0
150.1 *150.1
154. 7 154.7
146.3 *146.3
119.9
112.5
107.2
104.0
108.0
112.6
124.9
150.1
154. 5
146.3
119.6
112.2
106.8
105.4
107.3
112.3
124.7
149.8
154.1
146.1
119.0
111.8
106.2
106.9
106. 3
112.4
123.5
148.4
152.7
144.9
118.8
111.6
106.0
98.6
107.6
112.4
123.0
147.8
152.3
144.1
118.6
111.6
106.2
96. 1
108. 2
112.2
123 1
147.2
151.9
143.2
118.5
111.6
106.2
94.9
108. 4
112.2
122.9
146.4
151.1
142.6
117.6
110.7
104.2
88.1
107.2
112.0
122.7
145.5
150.1
141.6
117.4
110.5
103.1
88.4
105.9
112.5
122.7
145.5
150.1
141.6
117.4
110. 5
102. 7
91.1
105.0
112.8
122.7
145.3
150.0
141.4
116.9
109.9
101.3
86.3
104. 1
112.7
122.9
145.1
149. 7
141.2
117.0
110.2
101.8
88.7
104. 3
112.9
123.0
144.7
149.2
140.9
118.1
111. 1
104.5
95.0
106.4
112.4
123.3
146.7
151.2
142.9
114.0
108.0
101.0
96.2
102.1
109.9
119.7
138.1
142.2
134.9
127.2 127.4 127.6 127. 5 127.3 127.4 127.4 127.1 126.2 126.2 126.3 126.3 126.5 126.9 123.7
101.8 101.8 101.6 100.8 99.6 99.6 99.5 100.1 99.2 98.5 99.0 99.6 100.4 99.9 98.0
>Preliminary.
•Revised.
N o t e : For a description of these series, see New BLS Economic Sector
Indexes of Wholesale Prices, Monthly Labor Review, December 1955 (p. 1448).
S o u r c e : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T able D -10. Indexes of wholesale prices for special commodity groupings
[1947-49=100]
Commodity group
All foods.............................._....................................... ..........
All fish______ . . . __________________ _________ ____
Special metals and metal products_____ ______________
Metalworking m achinery.,.............. ........ ............................
Machinery arid equipment___ ______________________
Agricultural machinery (including tractors)____________
Total tractors..... ...................................... ............ ................
Steel-mill products__ ______________ _______________
Building materials................................................ .................
Soaps____________________________________________
Synthetic detergents............................................................. .
Refined petroleum products................ .................................
East Coast petroleum____________________ ______
Mid-contine'nt petroleum........................ .................. .
Gulf Coast petroleum................................. .................. .
Pacific Coast petroleum .................................................
Pulp, paper and products, excl. bldg, paper........................
Bituminous coal, domestic sizes__________ ____________
Lumber and wood products, excl. m illw ork...___ _____
All commodities except farm products________________
1 Preliminary.
•Revised.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual!
averag€i
1958
1957
Feb .1 Jan.
Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb.
108.2 107.9
124.8 122.1
147.2 147.1
178.3 178.8
154.9 155.1
138.4 *138. 5
146.9 *146.9
183. 2 183. 2
130.1 *130.3
107.0 107.0
106.7
126.6
147.4
178.7
154. 9
138.3
146.8
183. 2
130.1
107.2
101.0
101.0
101.0
114.3
* 114.7
122.8
*123.1
121.5
116.7
120.7
123.0
130.5
130.8
125.6
114.7
115.4 120.9
111.8 116.7
113.9 120.7
117.0 122.4
124.2 127. 5
130.7 130.7
125.5 125.5
122.8
106.1
121 . 2
147.3
178.7
154.9
137.8
146.2
183 2
130.1
107.2
105.4
119.3
146.7
178.3
154.3
136.5
145.1
183. 2
130.2
107.2
105.2 105.4
116.0
148.1
177.8
152. 4
132.6
141.5
183 0
131.2
103.8
98.2
101.0 101.0 101.0
121.6 123.0 124.1 124.0
117.2 117.2 117.2 118.6
120.7 120. 7 121.8 121.2
123.0 126.7 126.7 126.7
130.5 130.5 135.9 135. 9
130.7 130.6 129.9 129.6
125. 0 124.0 123.2 121.2
115.4 115.7 116.3 117.2
122.8 122.2 122.5 122.6
120.0
147.4
177.9
153.5
133.4,
142.7
183 0
130.9
107.0
105.7
119.9
147.5
176.0
151.7
132.4
139.3
182 9
131.4
103.8
98.2
125.0
121.2
121.7
127.9
135.9
129.2
119.1
118 0
122.4
103.7
117.2
146.2
175.0
150.9
132.5
139.3
175. 6
130.7
103.6
97.9
127.3
123.7
126.2
129.2
135.2
128.6
117.2
118. 4
121.8
102.8
117.0
145.8
174.9
150.7
132.5
139.3
175 7
130.7
103.6
97.9
129.0
125.0
128.4
131.0
135.2
128.6
116.1
118.5
121.7
102.4
119.4
145.9
174.5
150.6
132.3
139.2
175.3
130.7
103. 6
97.9
129.7
128.8
128.4
133.6
130.2
128.3
116.5
119.0
121.7
101.0
119.4
146.5
174. 1
150.2
132.3
139.0
175.3
130.5
103.4
97.9
130.0
128.8
129.4
133.6
130.2
128.5
121.4
118.9
121.6
101.5
115.3
146.8
173.6
149.8
132.2
138.7
174 5
130.5
102.9
97.9
130.3
128 8
130.2
133.6
130. 2
128.2
124.1
119.6
121.7
1957
1956
104.0
119.4
146.9
179.1
151.9
133.7
141.3
178. 9
130.6
104.5
99.0
125.8
100.8
122.0
124.3
128.8
132.3
129.3
121.5
117.7
122.1
N o t e : For a description of these series, see Techniques o f Preparing
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S o u r c e : U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
114.1
143.3
165.0
142.1
127.4
132. 5
lßa 2
130.6
99. 7
95.1
117. 5
114.6
118.3
118. 8
117.4
127.0
116. 4
124. 9
118.6
M a jo r
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
476
E.—Work Stoppages
T able E - l . Work stoppages resulting from labor-management disputes 1
Workers involved in stoppages
Number of stoppages
Month and year
1945
J94fi
1947
t94K
1949
1950
]951
1959
1953
1954
1955
J95fi
'
_
_ _________________
____________ ______
_ ______________
__________________ _____
_______ _______ _____
_ ____________________
______________________
_ _ __________________________
______________________
_
__________________
_ _ __________________
_ ______________________
Beginning in
month or year
In eflect dur
ing month
0.27
.46
.47
1.43
.41
.37
,59
.44
.23
.57
.26
.09
08
.14
.18
.07
.06
220
315,000
185,000
100, 000
40, 000
300
275
90,000
45,000
110,000
70,000
750, 000
500,000
350
375
525
650
600
625
575
525
500
325
100
1958: January 3 _________________ - - -----------------February 2___________________________________
200
60.000
80. 000
150,000
190. 000
140.000
160,000
140,000
270.000
100,000
130,000
120.000
190,000
260, 000
220, 000
260, 000
220,000
Percent of esti
mated work
ing time
16. 900.000
39, 700. 000
38, 000. 000
116.000. 000
34, 600. 000
34. 100.000
50. 500,000
38. 800. 000
22. 900. 000
59, 100.000
28,300, 000
22. 600. 000
28, 200, 000
33. 100.000
50, 000
20, 000
225
250
-too
475
400
400
350
300
300
150
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Number
825,000
775, 000
1,380, 000
1, 850,000
1,850. 000
2, 500, 000
1 , 600,000
1. 670, 000
1,350,000
700, 000
400,000
1987: February !___________________________________
March 1_____________________________________
April *........... ................................. -............................
May 3
- ________- _________________________
Jan e3
___________________________________
July 3
___________________________________
A ugust 3_____________________________________
SeptemberJ. ________________________________
October 3 ____________________________________
November 2__ _________ _________________ _____December 3----------------------------------------------------
i The data Include all known work stoppages Involving six or more workers
and lasting a full day or shift or longer. Figures on workers Involved and
man-days idle cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift in establish
ments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or
secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose employees are
made idle as a result of material or service shortages.
In eflect dur
ing month
1,130. 000
2, 380, 000
3, 470,000
4, 600,000
2, 170. 000
1, 960. 000
3. 030. 000
2, 410,000
2, 220. 000
3, 540. 000
2. 400, 000
1, 530. 000
2,650 000
1,900,000
2, 862
3,573
4. 750
4.985
3, 693
3, 419
3, 606
4, 843
4, 737
5. 117
5,091
3, 468
4,320
3,825
150
Beginning in
month or year
Man-days idle during month
or year
.21
.26
29
.20
.25
.16
.18
.13
.08
.04
• Preliminary.
N ote: For a description of this series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source:: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
F : BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
477
F.—Building and Construction
T able F - l.
Expenditures for new construction1
[Value of work put In place]
Expenditures (in millions of dollars)
Type of construction
1958
M ar.2 Feb.*
1957
Jan.*
Dec. Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
1957
1956
Total
Total
........................ 3,355
3,105
3,282
3,667
4,112
4,495
4, 569
4,561
4,361
4,308
4,025
3,657
3,295 47, 255
46, 060
Private construction................................... 2,400
Residential buildings (nonfarm) ____ 1,168
New dwelling units. __________
870
Additions and alterations 5.......
250
48
Nonhousekeeping...........................
Nonresidential buildings 4...... ........ . . .
664
In d u strial.......................................
218
Commercial_________ _______ _
258
Office buildings and warehouses___ ________ _____
156
Stores, restaurants, and ga102
rages___________________
Other nonresidential buildings—.
188
Religious- ...............................
61
Educational_______________
40
Hospital and institutional»___
47
Social and recreational______
26
14
Miscellaneous_____________
Farm construction________________
114
Public utilities.......................................
443
29
Railroad_______ _____________
Telephone and telegraph...............
71
Other public utilities___________
343
All other private________ _________
11
Public construction......... ............................
955
Residential buildings •_____________
63
Nonresidential buildings (other than
military facilities)_______________
343
Industrial------------------------------29
Educational________________ __
221
Hospital and institu tio n al........ ..
28
Administrative and service____
32
Other nonresidential buildings___
33
Military facilities 7___ ___________
70
Highways_________ ______________
270
Sewer and water systems ...................
105
Sewer.......... ........... ................ ........
62
W ater___________ __________..
43
Public service enterprises.. ________
28
Conservation and developm ent.........
68
All other public___________________
8
2, 251
1,057
790
219
48
675
231
254
2, 364
1,131
865
217
49
704
240
267
2,705
1, 345
1, 005
290
50
764
248
305
2,942
1,484
1, 090
343
51
802
251
332
3,059
1,535
1,130
357
48
806
256
332
3,100
1, 561
1,140
374
47
802
260
322
3,124
1, 571
1,140
387
44
805
266
319
3, 046
1, 547
1,115
392
40
778
262
311
2,971
1,489
1,070
379
40
786
270
309
2,808
1,396
985
374
37
747
270
287
2. 603
1,301
940
327
34
713
271
263
2,405 33, 313
1,162 16, 571
870 12, 160
258 3,912
34
499
709 9,138
269 3,162
264 3, 570
33,242
17, 632
13, 490
3, 695
447
8, 817
3,084
3,631
155
161
172
179
177
168
167
156
163
146
135
99
190
64
40
47
25
14
105
404
28
71
305
10
854
58
106
197
68
42
47
25
15
101
416
31
74
311
12
918
58
133
211
74
44
48
27
18
100
483
35
86
362
13
962
57
153
219
78
46
49
28
18
114
528
37
86
405
14
1,170
56
155
218
80
47
48
27
16
133
570
42
97
431
15
1, 436
54
154
220
81
47
48
28
16
159
560
41
87
432
18
1, 469
53
152
220
80
47
47
29
17
173
556
41
89
426
19
1, 437
48
155
205
75
42
41
27
20
169
535
41
95
399
17
1,315
40
156
207
73
43
43
26
22
159
518
40
90
388
19
1,337
40
141
190
68
40
40
24
18
146
501
38
101
362
18
1,217
38
128
179
64
39
38
23
15
126
448
37
94
317
15
1,054
34
308
28
201
22
27
30
70
240
91
54
37
23
58
6
339
30
226
22
30
31
80
245
99
59
40
26
63
8
342
32
226
24
29
31
88
275
97
61
36
25
71
7
364
33
235
25
34
37
107
410
107
67
40
31
86
9
406
35
262
27
41
41
132
575
118
73
45
38
102
11
416
35
261
30
46
44
134
580
127
77
50
44
104
414
38
259
29
44
44
138
550
129
77
52
43
103
12
389
36
249
28
38
38
117
505
120
68
52
38
94
12
406
43
254
32
39
38
110
520
121
67
54
38
89
13
383
42
233
33
38
37
103
445
117
64
53
35
83
13
375
42
233
31
36
33
89
330
113
63
50
30
72
Total new construction 1
1 Estimated monetary value of new construction put in place during the
periods shown, including major additions and alterations but excluding
maintenance and repair. These figures differ from permit valuation data
reported in the tabulations for building permit activity (tables F-3, F~4,
and F-5) and the data on value of contract awards (table F-2).
a Preliminary.
* Includes revisions in the series on residential additions and alterations,
and data are not comparable with those published in issues preceding June
1957. See Technical Note on Revised Estimates of Residential Additions
and Alterations, 1945-56, on page 973 of the August 1957 issue.
‘ Expenditures by privately owned public utilities for nonresidential build
ing are included under “Public utilities.”
1 Includes Federal contributions toward construction of private nonprofit
hospital facilities under the National Hospital Program.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11
11
1,864
1,684
131 1, 706
176 2, 406
63
868
40
519
36
505
23
309
14
205
112 1, 590
409 5,830
35
450
94 1,080
280 4,300
13
184
890 13,942
30
510
133
1, 947
2, 102
768
«36
328
275
195
1, 560
5,113
427
1,066
3, 620
120
12,818
292
345
41
215
27
32
30
84
230
105
59
46.
26
61
9
4, 481
458
2,832
333
434
424
1,275
4, 840
1, 347
785
562
393
975
121
4,072
453
2, 549
298
362
410
1, 395
4,470
1, 275
701
¡574
¡584
826
104
• Includes nonhousekeeping public residential construction as well as house
keeping units.
7 Covers all building and nonbuilding construction, except production
facilities (which are included in public industrial building), and Armed
Forces housing under the Capehart program (which is included in public
residential building).
‘Revised.
N o t e : For a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing
Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S o u r c e : Joint estimates of the U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics and U. 8. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense
Services Administration.
478
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able F -2. Contract awards: Public construction, by ownership and type of construction 1
Value (In million* of dollars)
Ownership and type of construction
1958
1957
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
Total public construction......................
684.5
707.8
869.0
890.2
740.8
866.1 1,133.2 1,315.9 1,119.3
Federally owned___________________
Residential buildings.......................
Nonresidential buildings________
Educational________________
Hospital and institutional____
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buildingsAirfield buildings________
Troop housing__________
Warehouses___ _________
Ail other..............................
Airfields................ -...........................
Conservation and development___
Highways_____________________
Electric power_________________
All other federally owned________
State and locally owned_____________
Residential buildings___________
Nonresidential buildings..................
Educational............. ..................
Hospital and institutional____
Administrative and service___
Other nonresidential buUdings.
Hlghways_____________________
Sewer and water systems________
Sewer__ __________________
Water............. ............................
Public service enterprises________
Electric power,.____________
Other.................................... ......
Conservation and development___
AU other State and locally owned..
108.2
47.2
31.9
.7
.7
10.3
20.2
1.8
(2)
.8
17.6
8.3
8.0
4.8
1.5
6.5
576.3
21.8
239.5
169.5
15.0
30.7
24.3
207.2
75.2
55.8
19.4
16.0
7.0
9.0
10.8
5.8
47.3
3.2
20.1
.4
.2
9.9
9.6
1.2
.4
(2)
8.0
1.2
12.0
3.7
3.7
3.4
660.5
20.2
238.7
163.7
19.8
18.8
36.4
272.1
94.5
65.1
29.4
19.4
9.4
10.0
11.2
4.4
123.8
.2
39.5
2.0
20.0
2.9
14.6
.6
140.0
56.5
45.8
.3
3.7
23.7
18.1
3.9
(2)
(2)
14.2
3.5
22.7
7.6
.8
3.1
750.2
55.2
303.5
215.4
41.6
19.7
26.8
248.0
77.0
42.7
34.3
48.2
24.3
23.9
8.4
9.9
58.5
54.1
3.5
1.4
17.7
14.3
.2
(2)
.7
.1
1.8
4.8
15.0
9.4
2.3
.8
1.1
(2)
.3
.5
11.3
8.1
3.7
1.8
14.8
14.4
9.1
7.5
.9
2.4
8.8
12.3
682.3 812.0
20.4
44.3
278.1 305.5
201.0 223.2
15.5
19.6
31.7
36.8
29.9
25.9
272.3 293.5
75.1
69.8
53.5
47.8
22 0
21.6
26.6
74.7
61.6
10.1
16.5
13.1
10.8
7.8
7.3
8.1
1.0
(2)
13.0
.3
21.2
2.2
59.7
.7
745.2
23.3
267. 7
207.4
15.8
24.6
19.9
334.6
93.4
44.4
49.0
15.0
5.3
9.7
6.9
4.3
1Includes major force account projects started (construction done directly
by a government agency using a separate work force to perform nonmaintenance construction on the agency’s own property).
* Less than $50.000.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
July
June
145.5 385.9
60.3
30.6
31.2 205.8
2.1
7.6
29.1
.3
10.2
64.5
18.6 104.6
23.3
14.0
.2
9.2
.9
11.3
3.5
60.8
26.4
(2)
42.1
73.5
9.0
12.1
1.1
6.0
1.8
31.5
987.7 930 0
38.8
27.5
267.0 337.8
183.0 231.9
22.2
35.8
34.2
28.7
33.1
35.9
540.8 414.7
80.7 103.7
55.5
74.4
25.2
29.3
38. 7 33.3
14 7
23.7
24.0
9.6
4.8
12.3
9.4
8.2
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
971.6 1,107.2 768.1
218.5 309.7 345.2
64.5
21.5 115.4
69.7
58.4
71.7
1.0
8.7
4.0
1.4
.4
4.6
11.2
7.4
3.5
56. 1 41.9
59.6
11.5
7.4
11.6
7.7
9.8
7.7
5.9
2.7
4.0
31.0
36.3
22.0
24.8
34.7
49.7
31.3 143.0
83.1
6.8
4.1
15.8
5.7
2.9
23. 4
15.7
12.9
18.3
900.8 661.9 762.0
21.7
14.7
7.4
345.2 256.2 300.8
237.6 191.6 234.9
17.4
43.6
15.8
20.1
25.0
23.3
■40.7 27.1
25.1
306.7 289.5 349.6
67.7
172.8
75.4
94. 4 44.1
43.6
78. 2
23.6
31.8
18.8
17.4
27.3
9.0
9.0
7.7
18.3
9.8
9.7
8.6
4.5
20.3
6.4
7.0
6.9
217.3
19.3
67.3
1.5
2.0
1.5
62.3
9.3
16.4
5.8
30.8
27.0
49.7
3.4
25.6
25.0
550.8
31.4
256.1
175.9
27.4
29.2
23.6
186.2
55.4
16.6
38.8
11.7
8.2
3.5
5.1
4.9
Jan.
1957
1956
Total
Total
923.3 11,412.5 10, 372.2
210.230.2
87.1
20.5
16.1
4.5
46.0
5.6
5.6
3.5
31 3
7.9
52.8
9.3
7.9
15.0
713.1
21.8
252.8
184.9
12.6
23.3
32.0
317.1
68.9
37.3
31.6
33.1
17.1
16.0
12.0
7.4
2,256.0
406.6
728.6
48.3
78.6
145.9
455.8
91.5
59.1
34.9
270.3
181.0
560.6
90.6
140.1
148.5
9,156. 5
326.7
3, 409. 4
2,450.5
287.1
315.4
356.4
3, 825.1
1,034.2
619.4
414.8
364.2
200.1
164.1
112.7
84.2
2,037.4
128.1
909.4
23.7
43.9
87.3
754.5
72.1
122.7
63.2
496.5
155.7
511.0
91.9
177.5
63.8
8, 334.8
253.2
3, 202.8
2, 289.0
278.9
320.8
314.1
3, 211.6
1,100.0
658.9
441.1
336.5
227.2
109.3
139.3
91.4
S o u r c e : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics and U . S .
Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration,
F : BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
T able F-3. Building permit activity: Valuation, by private-public ownership, class of construction,
and type of building 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction, ownership,
and type of building
1958
Jan.
1957
Dec.
Nov.*
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar,
Feb.
Jan.*
1957
1956
Total*
Total
AH building construction.................... 1,143.6 1,097. 4 1,230.6 1,642. 7 1, 551. 7 1,626.1 1, 693. 4 1,748.7 1,829. 7 1, 714. 4 1,534. 3 1,218.9 1,111.7 18,142. 3 18, 787. 8
Private......... ................ .................... 994.9 958. 5 1,061.9 1, 453. 5 1, 417.3 1, 462. 7 1, 518. 9 1, 484.9 1, 643. 8 1, 530. 4 1, 373. 6 1,053. 9 977.0 15, 997.0 16, 903.4
Public................................................ 148.7 139.0 168.7 189.2 134.4 163.4 174. 5 263.7 185.9 184.0 160.7 165.0 134.7 2,145. 3 1, 884. 4
New residential building-----------------Dwelling units (housekeeping only).
Privately owned........................
1-family............ ....................
2-family___ ___________
3- and 4-family__________
5-or-more family_________
Publicly owned....... ..................
Nonhousekeeping buildings______
New nonresidential buildings...............
Commercial buildings 2___ _____
Amusement buildings •______
Commercial garages_________
Gasoline and service stations...
Office buildings • ___________
Stores and other mercantile
buildings_______ ______ _
Community buildings 2_________
Educational buildings........... .
Institutional buildings 2______
Religious buildings__________
Garages, private residential______
Industrial buildings 2...... ............
Public utilities buildings2_______
All other nonresidential buildings •..
Additions, alterations, and repairs.......
578.3
563.1
548.2
464.4
16.9
8.9
58.0
14.9
15.2
426.5
135.2
10.2
4.2
10.2
50.7
60.0
166.8
107.0
33.7
26.1
5.9
61.0
28.4
29.2
138.8
557.1
535.7
525.4
451. 8
17. 1
6.5
50.0
10.2
21.5
433.9
151.4
11.6
2.1
9.9
67.4
649.0
635.8
604.5
536.4
17.8
8.7
41.6
31.3
13.2
459.1
147.4
18.2
2.9
10.3
60.3
895.7
870.3
825. 6
730.8
22.2
9.9
62.8
44.7
25.4
592.1
203.9
11.6
5.1
13.0
92.2
813.2
796.9
784.8
696. 7
20.1
9.2
58.8
12.2
16.3
569.2
203.4
10.5
4.9
14.2
102.1
885.9
871.8
852.0
748.8
18.8
8.7
75.6
19.8
14.1
557.2
167.3
8.8
4.0
13.9
69.1
847.6
832. 4
807.6
724.6
19.6
9.3
54.1
24.8
15.1
656.5
203.3
11.9
5.3
14.8
76.2
893.7
881.9
823.2
734. 1
20.3
10.0
58.8
58.7
11.8
663.4
183.5
13.8
6.9
13.8
66.8
954.1
935.9
918.5
818.6
20.3
11.9
67.7
17.4
18.2
676.8
231.7
13.4
7.1
15.5
106.1
909.6
896.3
884.0
794.8
21.5
11.4
56.3
12.3
13.3
624.6
197.6
15.5
7.3
15.0
73.6
819.6
803.2
801.5
710.5
20.2
10.4
60.5
1.7
16.4
556.5
167.3
11.0
3.7
14.0
56.6
599.5
588.2
571.7
504.7
17.1
7.5
42.3
16.5
11.3
490.5
155.6
5.9
3.7
12.2
75.3
543.1
535.4
528.2
465.5
12.7
8.1
41.9
7.2
7.7
449.6
124.9
7.3
4.5
12.5
46.1
9, 404.2 10,291.9
9, 220.0 10,149.6
8, 937.6 9, 971.9
7, 922.0 9, 221.8
228.7
215.0
87.9
111.6
675.3
447.2
282.4
177.7
184.2
142.3
6, 834.1 6, 664. 5
2, 224.0 2,184.7
139.8
116.1
57.5
60.6
165.5
159.1
828. 3
975.7
60.3
55.7
194.2
98.8
61.0
34.4
82.1
219.5
132.0
46.9
40.6
21.9
92.0
25.3
29.7
154.8
71.7
204.2
134.3
32.0
37 9
24.2
81.7
34.2
21.5
169.2
71.4
213.1
119.7
50.9
42.6
95.1
224.4
123.5
60.4
40.5
21.6
124.9
49.5
32.7
189.3
82.2
89.6
253. 5 241.6
123.1 155. 7
83.2
36.4
47.2
49.5
22.7
23.1
101.9
90.5
37.7
45.8
64.1
44.0
191.6 198.9
86.2
218.5
139.9
31.8
46.8
19.8
109.0
37.8
41.9
180.2
81.9
215.9
138.2
37.2
40.5
14.5
99.0
22.5
37.5
158.2
58.5
153.4
101.4
22.3
29.7
6.7
87.1
51.7
36.1
128.9
54.5
170.8
110.9
32.9
27.1
5.3
87.9
35.0
25.7
119.1
891.8
2, 478.6
1, 491. 8
522.6
464.2
200.4
1 , 085.9
423.5
421.7
1 , 904.0
1 6 3 .3
108.6
27.3
27.3
6.3
63.8
22.1
26.9
106.4
1 2 .2
59.8
24.7
20.8
122.5
1 Data relate to building construction authorized by local building permits
in all localities (over 7,000) having building-permit systems—rural nonfarm
as well as urban Figures on the amount of construction contracts awarded
for Federal projects and for public housing (Federal, State, and local) in
permit-issuing places are added to the valuation data (estimated cost entered
by builders on building-permit applications) for privately owned projects;
construction undertaken by State and local governments is reported by local
officials. Because permit valuations generally understate the actual cost of
construction and because of lapsed permits and the lag between permit
issuance or contract-awarded dates and start of construction, these data do
not represent the volume of building construction started.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal
totals.
2 3 .3
87.2
37.0
29.4
183.0
1,014.3
2,263.1
1, 431.4
380. 3
451.4
201. 9
1,273. 3
328.4
413.0
1, 831.4
2 Includes some buildings previously classified as public buildings, which
no longer are shown separately. Beginning with data for January 1956,
buildings formerly included in the public buildings category have been re
classified, according to function, into other categories (e. g., office, industrial,
institutional). Revised statistics for periods before January 1956 will not be
prepared, but the effect on comparability for any one type of building would
be minor for most months.
•R ev ise d .
S o u r c e : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T able F-4. Building permit activity: Valuation, by class of construction and geographic region
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
Class of construction and
geographic region
1957
1958
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.*
Oct.
Sept.
July
Aug.
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.*
1957
1956
Total*
Total
All building construction •__________ 1,143.6 1,097. 4 1, 230.6 1,642. 7 1, 551. 7 1,626.1 1,693.4 1, 748. 7 1, 829. 7 1, 714. 4 1, 534.3 1, 218. 9 1,111.7 18,142.3 18,7 87.8
Northeast..... ..........-......................— 213.7 219.4 272.9 352.8 350.8 371.8 344.1 338.4 439.2 353.0 338.9 235.8 196.6 3, 878.8 4,056.2
North Central................................... 229.8 319.2 324.9 489.3 480.0 504.5 516.8 558.5 542.1 536. 5 446 5 320.6 242 8 5, 282.1 5, 681. 0
South................................................. 375.7 288.2 324.3 400.2 381.1 387.3 439 6 465.6 425.7 404.6 354.9 360.7 339.7 4. 614. 8 4.4:67.0
West.............................. ................... 324.4 270. 6 308.6 400.3 339.8 362. 5 393.0 386.2 422.7 420.3 394.0 301.8 332.6 4, 366. 6 4, 583. 5
New dwelling units (housekeeping only) _
Northeast...................................... .
North Central................................. .
South........................... .....................
West.................... . ......................
New nonresidential buildings................
Northeast.......... -..............................
North Central....................... ...........
South.................... ................... ........
W est_________________________
Additions, alterations, and repairs____
Northeast_____________________
North Central...... ..................... ......
South.________________________
West...................................................
563.1
79.7
109.1
195.6
178.7
426.5
105. 7
87.9
131.3
101.6
138.8
24.5
32.1
43.3
38.8
535.7
102.1
131.7
155.9
146.0
433.9
89.7
156.9
91.8
95.4
106.4
23.5
25.5
30.4
27.1
635.8
139.0
165.0
169.3
162.6
459.1
100.8
128.5
119.0
110.7
122.5
29.4
29.6
32.2
31.3
870.3
178.2
253.1
210.0
229.0
592. 1
126.0
193.5
144.5
128.1
154.8
35. 1
38.9
41.5
39.3
796.9
158.4
247.7
199.5
191.3
569.2
147.8
177.6
137.1
106.8
169.2
42.5
47.4
40.6
38.7
1See footnote 1, table F-3.
• Includes new nonhousekeeping residential building, notshown separately.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
871.8
199.8
267. 3
203.6
201.1
557.2
129.4
181. 7
129.8
116. 4
183.0
40.5
52.5
49. 1
40.9
832.4
162.3
257.7
223.4
189.0
656.5
139.8
202.2
155.8
158.7
189.3
39.8
54.6
52.2
42.7
881.9
183.7
277.6
220.3
200.3
663.4
112.3
230.6
183.1
137. 4
191.6
40.3
48.0
57.4
45.9
935.9
195.5
283 0
232.2
225 2
676.8
189 2
202. 1
136.1
149.4
198.9
51.6
55.0
48.6
43.7
896.3
190.4
266. 7
210.6
228.7
624.6
124.1
216.5
139.6
144.5
180.2
36.8
51. 1
50. 1
42.2
803. 2
160.4
240 0
185.5
217.3
556.5
141.0
164.8
118.0
132.8
158.2
35.0
39.6
43.3
40.3
588.2
96.6
146.1
177.9
167.6
490.5
114. 1
140 3
137. 0
99.2
128.9
24.0
32.8
39.7
32.4
535.4
86.9
106.7
172.5
169.2
449.6
83.2
110.7
131.0
124.6
119.1
24.8
24.8
35.3
34.1
9,220.0 10,149.6
1, 864. 4 2, 200. 4
2, 644.3 3,144.7
2,361. 9 2,346.0
2,349.3 2, 458. 5
6, 834.1 6, 664. 5
1, 550.0 1,435.8
2,104.0 1, 993. 5
1, 664.3 1, 596.9
1, 515.7 1, 638.3
1, 904.0 1, 831.4
394. 5
424.6
510. 7
499.9
481. 9
520.6
444.3
458.8
•Revised.
U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
S o u r c e :
480
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
T able F-5. Building permit activity: Valuation, by metropolitan-nonmetropolitan location and State 1
Valuation (in millions of dollars)
State and location
1957
Dec. Nov.*
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
July
June
May
Apr.
Mar,
Feb.
Jan.*
1956
1957
1956
Dec.
Total*
Total
All States______________
1,097.4 1, 230.6 1, 642.7 1,551.7 1, 626.1 1,693.4 1. 748. 7 1,829. 7 1,714.4 1, 534. 3 1,218.9 1,111.7 1,055.0 18,142.3 18, 787.8
860.2 957.8 1, 278. 2 1. 202. 5 1, 261. 8 1,302.5 1,350. 6 1, 423. 9 1,322. 4 1, 203. 8 964.7 865.4 843.4 14,104.1 14, 688. 9
Metropolitan areas1____________
Nonmetropolitan areas..................... 237.2 272.8 364.5 349.2 364.4 390.9 398.1 405.8 392.0 330.5 254.2 246.3 211.6 4,038.2 4,098.9
Alabama...................................................
Arizona__________________________
Arkansas_______ ______ ___________
California_____ ___________________
Colorado___ _____________________
16.5
13.0
3.3
195.1
16.0
15.6
15.1
4.4
216.1
17.6
13.0
17.6
5.7
287.6
24.0
i n
19.4
5.7
229. 5
21.2
13.8
20.1
5.4
250.7
18.1
18.7
19.3
8.4
273.4
25.3
15.4
20. 3
4.7
263.8
24.0
19.9
18.4
6.2
301.4
21.0
20.0
22.8
6.2
301.1
22.1
14.1
18.1
6.4
279.7
21.9
Connecticut............................................_
Delaware_________________________
District of Columbia_______________
Florida___________________________
Georgia_______ j __________________
18.4
2.3
3.1
77.0
17.1
27.9
4.5
13.7
73.4
15.3
25.2
6.1
91
77.7
22.9
36.3
5.9
13.2
74.5
24.4
40.5
7.4
2.9
81.4
18.9
43.7
8.5
13.0
88.9
21.9
33.2
9.3
14.4
86.6
16.7
41.2
49
6.3
88.3
19.3
35.8
5.2
8.4
79.4
27.5
42.0
3.2
3.9
76.0
20.6
22.3
5.4
2.8
72.2
22.1
21.1
6. 1
5.3
70.3
20.2
22.6
3 4
2.1
57,8
12.8
390.3
68.9
133.8
946.3
247.0
375.1
66.0
66.8
834.8
250.1
Idaho........ ........ ................................ .
Illinois________________________
Indiana.......... ..........................................
Iowa _________ __________________ _
Kansas___________________________
1.8
93.8
20.0
7.9
10.9
2.5
73.6
19.3
12.5
7.1
4.7
108.9
44.1
16.6
10.8
3.0
105. 7
43.9
17.1
12.6
4.0
103.9
49.0
14.7
17.9
3.3
109.0
37.8
18.2
15.8
3.6
120. 1
42.2
18.5
10.6
3.9
115. 9
34 9
16.4
12.3
4.5
142.0
33.0
17.3
9.9
3.5
111.7
51 3
11.2
10.8
1.3
93.2
20.7
6.0
10.0
2.0
61.5
23.2
4.3
5.8
1.3
75.2
20. 5
7.6
8.7
38.2
1.239. 5
419.5
160.5
134.5
39.6
1,334.3
432.0
181.9
151.9
Kentucky________________________
Louisiana____ ____________ _______
M aine........... .........................................
M aryland________________________
Massachusetts_______________ ____
5.0
19.6
.8
24.0
24.2
10.5
16.8
1.3
33.4
26.6
12.2
23.0
2.7
55.3
38.4
16.5
20. 1
3.2
29.9
31.5
14.5
20.9
1.8
32.5
42.6
16.1
23.2
3.3
40.7
50.9
18.8
27.2
3.4
53.2
45.5
22.4
24.6
4. 9
44. 6
42.3
16.1
17.9
3.7
36.0
39.0
16.8
17.4
2.5
30.8
51.2
13.6
20.4
1.0
38.0
28.4
6.5
19.3
.6
27.3
18.5
10. 1
18.6
8
28.8
25.9
169.1
250.5
29.2
446. 7
440.5
168.2
273.1
33.9
430.4
470.4
Mlehiean
Minnesota________________________
Mississippi_______________________
M issouri_________________________
M ontana_________________________
43.9
18.1
3.0
29.0
1.6
73.5
27.0
4.5
15.5
1.9
82.1
35.2
5.8
33.5
2.7
82.6
40.1
6.3
27.7
3.1
87.9
35.2
4.4
29.4
2.6
91.1
42.1
4.4
35.0
3.4
107.8
47.4
7.8
29. 1
4.0
97.6
53.7
3.2
16.8
3.9
99.4
43.1
6.0
25.8
5.1
74.2
20.1
2.8
24.7
3.0
48. 2
18.3
3.6
18.6
2.3
45.2
10. 4
25
16.7
1.3
38.9
15.0
3.0
15.3
.9
933.4
390.7
54.2
302.0
35.1
1. 090.8
376.1
53.5
306.7
42.7
Nebraska_________________________
Nevada__________________________
New Hampshire
New Jersey_______________________
New Mexico______________________
6.3
3.1
4.6
42.9
6.3
3.1
7.8
2.0
49.9
8.9
7.5
3.2
1.9
70.1.
0.1
5.7
4.0
1.6
65.0
7.6
8.3
4.7
2.1
71.8
5.5
7.0
3. 5
3.0
60.3
6.7
6.6
3.9
2.6
68.4
10.4
15.2
3.6
3.0
71.8
7.9
6.1
7.2
4.5
72.3
7.0
5.6
4.3
2.1
58.8
6.7
4. 7
3.0
1.5
50.4
5.4
2.4
3.6
1. 1
40.3
9.0
2.6
2.3
1.6
55.6
5. 4
78.5
60.2
30.1
723.2
88.4
82.0
45. 5
37.8
811.8
77.2
New York__________________
North Carolina____________________
North Dakota_____________________
Ohio_____________________________
Oklahoma________________________
90.1
10.5
.6
60.7
7.4
108.8
13.4
1.5
57.2
9.3
139.5
14.5
4.3
101.2
10.5
147.4
16.9
5.0
93.3
9.3
105.6 198.0
15.5
18.5
4. 1
5.4
125. 7 123.9
8.5
10.6
117.8
21.5
2.9
99.1
10.9
114.1
16.2
1.6
94.7
10.3
80.7
15.2
.5
73.6
92
73.3
16. 1
3
53.4
7.2
88.7
11.9
.9
53. 5
8.2
1, 450. 6
194.3
37.2
1,093.9
121.3
1, 476.0
221.6
40. 5
1, 205.5
143.2
Oregon............ .........................................
Pennsylvania________ ____________
Rhode Island____________________
South C aro lin a...______ ________
South Dakota_____________________
7.6
36.1
2.1
3.7
1.4
7.2
51.1
4.3
2.7
2.4
12.1
66.8
6.3
5.0
4.2
12.3
53.4
5.3
5.3
3.4
13.7
93.0
5.3
6.2
3.5
14.6
75.8
5.3
7.3
4.6
13.2
74.1
3.9
5.9
2.5
14.0
72.0
5.2
5.1
4.1
12.1
74.3
4.3
8.2
6.0
11.4
64.1
2.9
4.4
2.0
7.9
49.6
1.8
4. 7
1.0
12.8
39.9
1.6
n
.9
7.2
47. 2
3. 1
5. 3
1.0
138. 9
749.3
48.8
63.4
36.0
182 0
781.4
59.6
75 8
37.4
Tennessee_______________________
Texas___________________
U tah___________________
V erm ont_________________________
Virginia ________________________
8.8
64.0
6.9
.2
18.5
12.4
68.0
5.9
.9
23.4
14.5
89.2
11.6
1.8
30.6
14.2
88.0
10.2
7.0
32.2
15.8
83.6
9.8
.6
34.0
16.9
101. 5
9.4
.6
32.4
22.0
91.3
12. 2
.5
61.5
21.6
87.0
14.2
.9
36.4
18.3
83.2
8.1
1.8
33.8
15.4
82.4
13 3
1.2
29.6
10.5
77.1
7.6
2
36.4
8.9
98.2
4.3
.2
24. 7
13.6
179.3
56. 1 1,013. 4
4.3
113.5
.2
15.6
23.2
384.3
213.8
916.9
145.3
10.1
457.5
Washington........ ............. .............
West V irginia..__________________
Wisconsin........... ........ ..........................
Wyoming___ ____________________
17.9
4.4
26.8
1.3
24.3
3.0
32.2
1.3
29.1
5.2
4L l
1.7
26.4
4.5
42. 7
3.1
31.3
14.8
41.0
2.1
31.8
6.9
49.3
2. 5
28.9
16.4
44.9
2.2
32.5
6.8
45. 9
1.8
28.5
6.0
51.8
1.8
30.5
4.6
38.7
1.6
25.7
5.2
26.0
.8
22.2
3. 1
18.7
.9
20.7
2.8
18. 8
1.9
390. 6
64.4
442.0
25.6
1 See footnote 1, table F-3.
*Comprised of 168 Standard Metropolitan Areas used in 1950 Census,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
114.1 101. 2
17.6
16.9
5.4
5.7
108. 1 101.3
13.2
13.8
15.2 ~~14 3
26.8
13.6
9.0
5.0
212.3 230.1
21.8
19.7
190.6
11.2
224.5
11. 4
70.6
3. 4
203.5 3,048.0
20.2
263.8
335. 3
80.8
457.3
21.1
•Revised.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
173.3
189.7
57.4
3,163.3
282.0
F: BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
481
T able F-6. Number of new permanent nonfarm dwelling units started, by ownership and location,
and construction c o s t1
Number of new dwelling units started
Estimated construction cost
(In thousands)
Period
L o c a t io n
Total
Privately Publicly
owned
owned
Metro Nonmetro North North
politan
politan
east Central South
places
places
1950.................................................
1951......................................... ........
1952.................................................
1953.............................................. 1954.............................................. .
1955................................................1956.............................................. ...
1957 3_______________________
1,396,000
1,091,300
1,127,000
1,103,800
1, 220, 400
1,328,900
1,118,100
1,041,100
1,352,200
1,020,100
1,068, 500
1,068,300
1,201,700
1,309, 500
1,093, 900
991,100
43,800
71,200
58,500
35,500
18, 700
19, 400
24,200
50,000
1,021,600
776, 800
794,900
803, 500
896,900
975,800
779.800
698, 700
1954: First quarter........................
Second quarter.....................
Third quarter.......................
Fourth quarter-—....... ........
1955: First quarter.......................January____ _________
February........ ............. .
March...........................
Second quarter—. ............
April..................................
May...................................
J u n e ............................ .
Third quarter.......................
July - -.............................
August...............................
September-..................... Fourth quarter.....................
October___ __________
Novem her....................... .
December........................1956: First quarter,..................... Ja n u a ry ______________
February_____________
M arch_______________
Second quarter.....................
April— ............................
M ay..................................
June...... ............................
Third quarter_____ _____
July . . . ................-..........
August_______________
September............. -........ Fourth quarter__________
October.............................
November. __________
December....... ..................
1957: First quarter.......................
January.............................
February_____________
March.......................... .
Second quarter....................
April.................................
M ay...................................
June_________________
Third quarter......... ............
July ................................
A ug u st................. ...........
September.........................
Fourth q u arter1_________
October______________
November*___________
December *____________
1958: First quarter____________
Jan u ary 3____________
F ebruary3____________
236,800
332, 700
346,000
304,900
291.300
87,600
89,900
113,800
404,100
132,000
137,600
134, 500
362,300
122, 700
124,700
114,900
271,200
105,800
89,200
76,200
252,100
75,100
78,400
98,600
332,500
111,400
113, 700
107, 400
298,900
101,100
103,900
93,900
234,600
93,600
77, 400
63,600
215, 800
63,000
65,800
87,000
296,600
93, 700
103.000
99,900
291, 800
99, 900
100,000
91, 900
236,900
96,700
78, 200
62,000
232,200
326,500
339, 300
303,700
288,000
87,300
87,900
112,800
397,000
130,500
135,100
131, 400
357, 800
121,000
122,300
113,600
266, 700
104,800
88,400
73,500
244,600
73,700
77,000
93,900
325, 300
109,900
110, 800
104,600
292,900
99,000
103,200
90, 700
231,100
91,200
77,000
62,900
202, 500
60,100
63,100
79, 300
282,800
91,400
96,91X1
94,500
280, 900
93,900
96.800
90. 200
224,900
88, 400
75, 700
60, 800
4,600
6, 200
6, 700
1,200
3, 300
300
2,000
1,000
7,100
1,500
2, 600
3, 100
4,500
800
2, 400
1,300
4,500
1,000
800
2, 700
7, 500
1,400
1,400
4, 700
7,200
1,500
2,900
2,800
6,000
2,100
700
3,200
3,500
2, 400
400
700
13, 300
2,900
2, 700
7,700
13. 800
2, 300
6,100
5, 400
10, 900
6,000
3. 200
1, 700
12,000
8. 300
2,500
1,200
174,300
244,000
252,800
225,800
221,800
68,100
66,900
86. 800
294, 800
96,800
99,700
98, 300
263, 400
88, 400
91,500
83,500
195, 800
76,500
64, 600
54, 700
183,800
54,300
57,600
71,900
228,300
76,200
77,600
74, 600
202,900
69, 700
70,900
62,300
164,800
64,900
54,800
45,100
149,100
44,000
46,600
58, 500
200, 300
63, 500
68,200
68.600
192,600
63, 400
67, 700
61, 500
156, 700
61, 800
52, 500
42, 400
62, 500
88,700
93,200
79,100
69, 500
19,500
23.000
27.000
109, 300
35, 200
37,900
36,200
98, 900
34,300
33,200
31,400
75, 400
29,300
24,600
21, 500
68,300
20,800
20,800
26, 700
104,200
35,200
36,100
32,900
96,000
31,400
33,000
31,600
69, 800
28,700
22.600
18, 500
66, 700
19,000
19,200
28,500
96, 300
30,200
34, 800
31, 300
99,200
36. 500
32, 300
30, 400
80, 200
34, 900
25, 700
19, 600
69,000
65,000
64,200
60,000
4, 800
5,000
45, 200
43, 400
23, 800
21,600
1Excludes temporary units, conversions, dormitory accommodations,
trailers, and military barracks; Includes prefabricated housing If permanent.
These estimates are based on (1) monthly building-permit reports adjusted
for lapsed permits and for lag between permit Issuance and the start of con
struction, (2) continuous field surveys in nonpermit-issuing places, and (3)
reports of public construction contract awards.
Private construction costs are based on permit valuation adjusted for
understatement of costs shown on permit applications. Public construction
costs are based on contract values or estimated construction costs for Indi
vidual projects.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
West
Total
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
374,400
$11, 788, 595 $11,418,371
(>)
(>)
( 2)
(»)
314, 500
9,800,892
9,186,123
( 2)
(J)
( 2)
(*)
332,100
10, 208,983
9, 706, 276
(«)
(>)
(>)
(*)
300,300
10,488,003 10,181,185
(>)
( 2)
(2)
(*)
323, 500 243,100 325,800 359, 700 291,800 12,478, 237 12,309, 200
353, 100 273,100 356,000 389,000 310,800 14, 544, 647 14,345,829
338,300 228,800 303,100 334, 200 252,000 13, 086.118 12,814,776
342,400
12,333,537 11,717,449
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
47, 400
67,300
72, 500
55,900
53,100
16,000
13,500
23,600
89, 100
28,600
30,300
30,200
75, 400
27,100
24,900
23, 400
55, 500
23,500
17, 700
14, 300
45, 700
12,400
14,400
18,900
72,300
23, 400
24, 700
24,200
61,800
21,800
20,800
19. 21X1
49,000
20,100
16, 500
12, 400
33,800
9,300
9, 700
14,800
60, 700
19, 900
20, 900
19,900
57, 900
19.200
21.800
16,900
52,700
98, 400
97,800
76,900
63,400
15,600
19,700
28,100
116,600
37,300
40,000
39,300
108,000
35,600
38,000
34,400
68,000
29. 400
23,000
15,600
58, 200
15,700
16,400
26,100
98,100
33, 600
33, 300
31,200
87, 200
29,900
29,200
28,100
59,600
26,200
19,200
14,200
46,800
10,700
14,000
22. 100
77, 200
23, 700
25, 700
27, 800
79, 300
27, 000
27, 300
25,000
77,600
90,900
99,900
91.300
95,900
30,600
32, 400
32,900
109,700
35. 700
37,400
36,600
99, 400
32. 700
34,800
31,900
84,000
28,600
27,800
27,700
83.200
27,200
26,800
29,200
93,200
31,100
32.800
29, 300
86, 500
27,700
30, 700
28,100
71,300
27,500
22, 700
21,100
78,800
24,800
24, 600
29, 400
92. 800
28, 100
33, 700
31,000
93, 200
33, 500
31,000
28, 700
69,100
76,100
75,800
80,800
78,900
25, 4IX)
24, 300
29,200
88, 700
30, 400
29, 900
28, 400
79, 500
27,300
27,000
25,200
63,700
24,400
20,700
18,600
65,000
19,800
20, 800
24.400
68,900
23,300
22,900
22, 700
63,400
21,700
23,200
18,500
54,700
19,800
19,000
15,900
56,400
18,200
17,600
20, 700
65,900
22,000
22i 700
21, 200
61, 400
20, 200
19.900
21, 300
19, 500
13,800
(s)
24,200
17,400
(2)
29,800
28,200
( 2)
23,2ÖÖ
18,800
(2)
(21
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
$370,224
614,769
502!, 707
806,818
169,037
198,818
271,342
616,088
2,240,448
3,454, 571
3, 590,366
3,192, 852
3,076,198
892, 794
954, 570
1,228, 834
4,416, 285
1,434,395
1,502, 901
1,478,989
4,025, 441
1,372, 150
1,369, 948
1,283,343
3,026, 723
1,178,809
993,986
853,928
2, 850,687
814,448
887,138
1,149,101
3, 924,184
1,309,175
1,346, 513
1,268, 496
3,634,804
1,201,352
1,227,269
1,106,183
2,776, 443
1,104, 981
930, 589
740, 873
2, 540,016
718,318
762,871
1,058. 827
3, 542, 875
1,115, 826
1, 236, 239
1,190, 810
3, 452.052
1,189, 829
1,169, 754
1,092, 469
2,798, 594
1,157, 871
916,313
724,410
2,199, 446
3,398, 898
3,528.471
3,182,385
3,043,959
890, 092
934, 585
1,219,282
4,349,159
1,421,309
1, 479, 773
1,448,077
3,981,182
1,363,092
1,346,848
1,271,242
2,971, 529
1,168,229
985, 891
817, 409
2,761,446
800, 665
871,700
1,089,081
3,844,192
1,293, 488
1,312, 890
1,237,814
3,471,787
1,179,266
1,222, 281
1,070,240
2,737,351
1,078,142
925,991
733,218
2,351,729
681,147
727,081
943, 501
3.367, 334
1, 087, 149
1,153, 246
1,126,939
3, 333, 294
1,118, 486
1,138,891
1,075, 917
2,665,092
1,062,374
891,358
711, 360
41,002
55,673
61,895
10, 467
32,239
2,702
19,985
9,652
67.126
13,086
23,128
30,912
44,259
9,058
23,100
12,101
55,194
10, 580
8,095
36,519
89,241
13,783
15, 438
60,020
79,992
16,687
33. 623
30,682
63,017
22,086
4,988
35, 943
39,092
26,839
4, 598
7.655
188,287
37,171
35, 790
115, 326
175, 541
28.677
82. 993
63. 871
118,758
71, 343
30, 863
16. 552
133,502
95, 497
24,955
13,050
805,540
768,800
751,140
708,000
54, 400
60,800
2 Not available,
3 Preliminary.
♦Revised.
N ote: Por a description of these series, see Techniques of Preparing Major
BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistic*.
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, APRIL 1958
482
G: Work Injuries
T able G -l.
Injury-frequency ra te s1 for selected manufacturing industries
1957 2
Fourth quarter
Industry
Octo No
vem
ber
ber
Average, all manufacturing________
_________
Food and kindred products:
Meatpacking and custom slaughtering______ Sausages and other prepared meat products____
Poultry and small game dressing and packing—
Dairy products- --- ___________ - ------------Canning and preserving_________ - ______
Grain-mill products_____ ____- _____ - Bakery products___ ___________________ ____
Cane sugar.. _
_
___. . . ______. . .
Confectionery and related products__________
Bottled soft drinks_______________________ .
M alt and malt liquors_____________ ________
Distilled liquors. . . . . _____________________
Miscellaneous food p roducts... . . ___________
Textile-mill products:
Cotton yarn and textiles------------------ -------Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles.. . . .
Woolen and worsted textiles.. _________ - ..
K nit g o o d s____ _ . . . . ______________ . ..
Dyeing and finishing textiles _______ . . . .
Miscellaneous textile goods________ . . . . . . .
Apparel and other finished textile products:
Clothing, men’s and boys’_______ ____ _______
Clothing, women’s and children's___ _________
F ur goods and miscellaneous apparel__________
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products______
Lumber and wood products (except furniture):
Logging---------------------------------------------------Sawmills and planing mills__________________
Millwork and structural wood products__ _ .
Plywood mills_____________________________
Wooden containers___________________ . . . .
Miscellaneous wood products___________ ____
Furniture and fixtures:
Household furniture, nonmetal______________
Metal household furniture___ _______________
Mattresses and bedsprings____ _____________
Office fu rn itu re _____ __________ _______
Public-building and professional furniture__ _ .
Partitions and fixtures... _________ _____ _
Screens, shades, and blinds______ ___________
Paper and allied products:
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills............... ........
Paperboard containers and b o x e s .._________
Miscellaneous paper and allied products_______
Printing, publishing, and allied industries:
Newspapers and periodicals. _______________
Bookbinding and related products______ _____
Miscellaneous printing and publishing________
Chemicals and allied products:
Industrial inorganic chemicals___________ . . .
Plastics, except synthetic rubber________ . . .
Synthetic ru b b er.. . . . _____________ . ___
Synthetic fibers___ ____________ ______ . . .
Explosives__ ______________________ ______
Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals_____
Drugs and medicines______________________
Soap and related products. _________________
Paints, pigments, and related products________
Fertilizers__________________ ______________
Vegetable and animal oils and fats____ . . . . ._
Compressed and liquified gases_______
___
Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products___
Rubber products:
Tires and inner tubes_________ _________ . .
Rubber footwear______________ ______
Miscellaneous rubber products . . . _____ ____
Leather and leather products:
Leather tanning and finishing___
...
___
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings. . ______
Footwear (except rubber)_______ _
_
Miscellaneous leather products__
..........
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Glass and glass products_________ . _______
Structural clay products__ _____. . . . _____
Pottery and related products________________
Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool___ . . .
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products____
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
De
cem
ber
Quar
ter
1955
1956
Annual
average
Third Second First Fourth Third Second First Fourth
quar quar quar quar quar quar quar quar 1957 2
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
1956
10.5
9.7
9.4
9.9
11.5
11.4
11.3
11.3
12.7
12.1
12.0
11.7
11.1
12.0
19.2
25.6
0
15.3
17.0
15.5
19.7
16.3
13.2
21.1
12.5
6.5
16.1
15.9
29.9
0
16.5
14.1
14.5
17.4
23.6
10.2
21.0
18.7
11.0
18.4
16.7
21. 5
0
17.0
14.9
14.2
18.7
21.9
9.9
17.5
14.2
12.2
8.6
17.2
25.7
39.2
16.2
15.5
14.8
18.6
20.6
11.2
19.9
15.1
9.7
14.5
18.8
22.8
45.2
20.0
24.2
22.1
16.7
19.7
15.3
25.5
16.1
8.8
17.0
19.8
25.5
44.7
19.1
20.7
14.4
16.6
17.0
11.0
23.9
14.8
13.0
14.2
20.5
22.8
33.4
16.3
20.1
16.5
17.4
18.2
11.3
22. 1
17.3
12.1
16.7
20.0
24.9
39.8
17.0
19.9
16.5
17.0
14.1
13.0
16.7
13.2
6.7
13.3
21.3
21.3
40.9
17.4
26.6
18.7
16.5
17.6
13.6
25.2
19.6
9.9
13.8
21.1
20.1
46.1
18.3
20. 1
15.9
15.9
22.1
12.0
29.1
19.6
9.0
14.1
20.3
22.8
37.2
15.4
17.8
13.6
16.2
22.3
12.9
20.2
13.9
9.7
13.3
18.4
17.7
35.9
16.2
22.1
16.5
15.3
19.9
13.2
19.1
14.2
7.7
13.4
19.6
24.0
41.3
18.0
20.9
17.0
17.2
18.5
12.8
23.0
15.8
10.8
15.5
20.6
22.2
41.1
17.1
21.9
16.2
16.4
19.0
12.9
23.0
16.7
8.6
13.6
7.3
6.6
17.0
4.5
12.1
14.4
8.2
5.9
14.3
4.5
9.3
7.8
7.6
5.4
14.7
5.2
10.0
12.2
7.7
60
15.5
4.7
10.5
11.5
9.1
7.8
18.3
6.6
12.3
13.6
9.4
6.4
17.6
5.2
15.1
13.3
8.2
6.8
19.7
4.9
11.3
14.3
7.9
7.0
16.2
6.0
14.3
14.2
8.9
7.7
17.5
5.9
16.3
14.3
8.8
6.1
17.7
6.0
14.8
16.1
8.1
7.4
16.2
6.2
16.8
15.1
8.1
6.8
18.2
5.0
16.2
16.1
8.6
6.7
18.0
5.3
12.8
13.8
8.4
7.1
16.9
6.0
15.5
15.0
6.4
5.0
9.0
6.1
4.6
5.2
3.5
7.1
5.2
4.9
7.3
7.1
5.5
5.0
6.7
6.6
7.5
6.6
9.0
7.5
7.3
6.0
7.2
10.3
7.5
6.1
6.8
8.1
7.1
5.3
3.7
10.5
7.2
5.8
7.1
11.0
7.2
5.0
7.3
11.9
6.7
4.5
5.1
9.9
7.4
5.4
6.1
11.7
7.0
5.9
7.4
8.1
7.0
5.1
5.8
10.8
62. 5
35.9
22.8
25.5
21.9
24.2
58.4
30.0
19.3
21.7
19.2
22.9
52.7
36.2
20.5
28.6
21.2
22.0
58.5
34.0
21.0
25.3
20.8
23.1
60.5
40.6
23.8
21.4
27. 5
24.2
63.3
38.7
21.5
22.0
25.5
28.7
60.8
38.2
21.7
25.3
25.5
29.1
63.4
36.4
19.9
22.6
25.5
29.5
68.3
41.9
22.6
26.1
29.5
35.5
60.8
44.5
21.5
25.5
27.1
32.3
66.7
41.1
21.0
21.9
27.3
28.2
74.3
38.7
21.0
26.9
27.4
27.8
60.2
37.9
21.9
23.4
25.2
26.9
65.0
41.1
21.3
24.0
27.4
31.3
16.8
(3)
5.8
20.4
(3)
16.7
0
15.4
0
12.6
16.9
0
19.4
0
12.7
0
10.8
13.2
0
22.3
0
15.1
12.0
9.4
17.1
14.9
19.3
15.7
19.4
22.9
11.2
17.6
14.4
19.3
15.1
15.5
13.0
13.5
17.7
18.5
21.3
12.7
17.4
14.8
14.7
17.3
9.7
17.1
18.5
17.1
16.1
14.4
16.1
16.1
21.9
11.6
17.7
16.4
16.4
17.5
25.5
21.4
17.2
17.9
16.4
16.7
19.2
15.7
21.3
18.4
17.8
15.5
16.8
17.6
15.4
18.5
13.9
18.6
18.6
17.3
14.4
21.1
22.2
16.2
16.9
16.2
12.3
17.4
14.4
19.8
15.5
17.6
16.1
16.1
17.6
18.2
20.7
15.3
11.0
14.4
15.1
10.6
13.3
10.1
9.2
11.9
11.5
10.3
13.2
12.4
11.7
15.6
15.3
10.0
16.0
14.0
10.8
13.1
15.2
11.2
15.7
14.7
12.3
15.5
13.7
11.1
14.0
11.4
11.4
16.8
14.1
10.5
13.9
14.2
10.6
14.5
14.4
11.4
15.5
13.5
8.7
0
10.7
8.6
0
8.3
7.9
0
7.8
8.4
10.0
9.0
8.2
15.4
9.5
9.6
15.9
8.7
8.1
10.4
10.1
8.3
11.7
7.9
9.1
14.9
9.3
9.5
12.2
9.8
9.7
11.2
8.8
8.2
0
9.3
8.5
12.8
9.4
9.1
12.5
8.9
2.8
3.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.0
8.2
8.8
10.4
(3)
32.6
(3)
13.1
5.4
4.6
0
0
0
4.2
6.5
3.8
9.4
0
21.2
0
9.1
4.3
4.7
0
0
0
5.3
6.6
9.2
8.7
0
21.6
0
9.9
4.2
4.3
1.1
3.1
2.8
4.6
7.1
7.4
9.6
9.7
25.3
4.5
10.8
4.7
4.1
2.8
2.1
1.4
4.7
6.9
8.6
10.8
16.5
26.5
6.9
14.9
5.3
4.3
1.1
3.6
1.6
7.4
6.6
8.2
8.4
10.2
31.7
5.8
16.1
4.4
4.7
2.9
3.5
2.1
4.0
8.3
8.2
10.2
11.4
26.0
10.4
15.0
4.8
4.3
.9
1.7
2.7
4.0
6.5
7.9
10.0
18.5
30.1
7.6
14.6
6.8
5.0
1.4
2.3
2.9
4.2
8.0
9.3
11.0
16.1
24.6
5.6
16.0
4.7
4.7
2.6
2.5
2.3
4.9
9.2
7.8
10.0
11.1
22.1
8.9
15.0
4.8
4.6
2.9
2.7
2.3
4.0
8.4
7.9
9.9
14.7
23.3
10.1
15.1
5.0
4.4
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
6.1
6.3
7.9
16.4
21.4
14.0
14.7
4.8
4.3
1.9
3.1
2.0
5.1
7.2
8.1
9.7
11.7
27.5
6.9
14.2
5.3
4.6
1.9
2.3
2.5
4.2
8.0
8.2
10.2
14.8
25.2
8.1
15.2
2.7
7.6
9.1
1.5
3.7
7.1
2.3
3.5
10.3
2.2
5.1
8.9
2.3
6.6
9.4
2.7
5.4
8.1
2.9
6.1
12.0
2.7
6.1
8.1
3.6
6.8
10. 5
3.3
5.7
11.2
3.5
5.3
11.8
4.0
4.1
9.7
2.5
5.7
9.6
3.3
5.9
10.4
19.3
0
7.3
13.1
25.9
0
7.7
12.7
25.1
0
8.0
10.2
23.4
0
7.7
12.2
27.3
0
9.1
9.8
22.4
0
8.8
11.4
23.4
18.3
7.6
12.2
18.5
20.5
8.2
14.5
27.1
21.4
8.5
12.4
23.2
16.3
9.1
11.7
26.4
19.0
8.5
14.7
20.8
17.6
8.8
13.4
24.1
17.2
8.3
11.3
23.8
19.2
8.6
13.4
9.3
31.8
13.0
19.7
10.5
9.3
24.1
9.3
17.6
11.4
8.2
29.5
6.9
16.2
12.5
8.9
28.6
9.9
17.9
11.4
9.1
37.1
13.1
22.0
11.9
7.6
29.6
15.5
22.0
12.8
8.9
29.6
11.5
20.8
13.7
8.6
27.4
17.0
21.4
14.3
11.1
35.8
16.7
31.4
12.5
8.3
36.2
15.8
28.3
12.2
8.0
32.0
16.9
24.0
14.4
10.2
34.3
14.8
25.2
13.5
8.6
31.5
12.6
20.8
12.5
9.0
32.9
16.6
26.4
13.3
G: WORK INJURIES
T a ble
G -l.
483
Injury-frequency rates1 for selected manufacturing industries—Continued
1957*
Fourth quarter
Industry
Octo No
ber
vem
ber
Primary metal industries:
Blast furnaces and steel mills..............................
Gray-iron and malleable foundires___________
Steel foundries____ _____________________
Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying_____
Nonferrous foundries_____________________
Iron and steel forgings____________ ___ ___
Wire drawing____ ______________________
Welded and heavy-riveted pipe____ ________
Cold-finished steel_______________________
Fabricated metal products:
Tin cans and other tinware________________
Cutlery and edge tools........................................
Handtools, files, and saw s...____ __________
Hardware______________________________
Sanitary ware and plumbers’ supplies................
Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus.......
Structural steel and ornamental metal work___
Metal doors, sash, frame, and t r i m __________________
Boiler-shop products_____________________
Sheet-metal work________ ______ _________
Stamped and pressed metal products________
Metal coating and engraving________ ______
Fabricated wire products__________________
Metal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails________
Steel springs___ ________________________
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets..........................
Screw-machine products________________:__
Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classi
fied______________________ ___ _______
Machinery (except electrical):
Engines and turbines________________ ____
Agricultural machinery and tractors_________
Construction and mining machinery_________
Metalworking machinery__________________
Food-products machinery_________________
Textile machinery_______________________
Miscellaneous special-industry machinery____
Pumps and compressors___________________
Elevators, escalators, and conveyors_________
Mechanical power-transmission equipment (ex
cept ball and roller bearings)______________
Miscellaneous general industrial machinery____
Commercial and household machinery________
Valves and fittings_______________________
Fabricated pipe and fittings_______________
Ball and roller bearings______________ ____
Machine shops, general___________________
Electrical machinery:
Electrical industrial apparatus_____________
Electrical appliances_____________________
Insulated wire and cable______ ____ _______
Electrical equipment for vehicles___________
Electric lamps (bulbs)____________________
Radios and related products______________...
Radio tubes___ ___ ____________________
Miscellaneous communication equipment____
Batteries______________ _____ __________
Electrical products, not elsewhere classified.___
Transportation equipment:
Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers__________
Motor-vehicle parts and accessories__________
Aircraft_______________________________ _
Aircraft parts_______ ___ ________________
Shipbuilding and repairing________________
Boatbuilding and repairing________________
Railroad equipment______________________
Instruments and related products:
Scientific instruments_____________________
Mechanical measuring and controlling instru
ments____ ______ _______ ____ _______ _
Optical instruments and lenses_____________
Medical instruments and supplies___ _______
Photographic equipment and supplies________
Watches and clocks_______________________
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries:
Paving and roofing materials_______________
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware...... .......... .
Fabricated plastics products.._______________
Miscellaneous manufacturing_______________
Ordnance and accessories__________________
De
cem
ber
1955
Annual
average
Third Second First Fourth Third Second First Fourth
quar quar quar quar quar quar quar 1957 2
Quar quar
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
ter
1956
3.7
22. 7
19.3
7. 5
18.6
17.0
11.2
14.0
14.2
3.6
20.5
17.0
8.2
15.2
18.4
14.8
10.2
8.1
4.0
20.4
12.4
8.2
16.0
14.7
13.4
10.5
10.9
3.8
21.2
16.4
8.0
16.6
16.8
13.0
11.7
11.2
3.8
25.7
17.9
9.6
18.8
20.0
11.2
12.7
12.6
4.3
26.2
20.5
10.6
18.2
17.7
15.9
12.8
12.6
4.2
24.2
23.1
9.5
20.9
22.1
14.5
13.8
13.7
4.5
27.1
21.0
10.6
17.7
16.4
10.8
13. 5
12.3
4.8
30.5
24.4
9.2
22.4
19.5
16.2
13.4
13.6
4.5
28.5
21.8
10.5
21.7
19.3
14.5
10.7
15.9
4.4
29.6
21.1
12.4
19.8
20.4
13.1
9.9
18.1
4.8
27.5
22.8
11.8
17.3
18.2
11.9
10.3
13.3
3.6
0
13.2
6.6
11.2
15.8
17.3
20.8
19.9
18.9
10.2
0
17.2
(3)
0
13.8
14.3
7.1
(3)
11.9
7.6
7.3
13.2
19.8
20.1
20.2
19.0
8.8
(3)
21.1
(3)
(3)
14.8
12.2
4.1
(3)
12.6
7.3
9.9
12.8
15.9
16.8
17.5
11.4
10.7
(3)
19.4
(3)
(3)
10.9
13.1
4.9
14.4
12.6
7.1
9.4
14.1
17.7
19.4
19.1
16.6
10.0
15.9
19.1
10.6
17.7
13.2
13.2
7.3
21.0
12.3
8.4
13.4
16.4
20.3
25.8
22.5
20.8
11.9
17.8
18.0
14.0
19.2
12.1
13.6
5.8
15.8
16.1
7.0
15.4
16.0
22.8
16.8
27.2
17.4
10.9
16.8
19.4
9.0
15.9
10.0
13.9
6.1
15.1
16.6
6.9
10.2
13.4
23.5
16.7
25.5
23.6
10.1
17.6
19.5
13.7
16.6
11.5
14.1
8.0
16.8
18.0
8.6
13.9
15.2
22.4
19.4
23.0
22.4
10.9
20.0
19.4
6.8
18.3
12.9
14.4
7.2
17.7
17.8
9.7
12.7
18.9
23.1
15.9
24.8
26.7
11.1
25.2
20.0
12.4
17.6
15.0
12.1
6.9
11.0
18.3
9.0
16.7
14.3
22.4
17.0
23.9
21.3
10.2
15.5
17.7
10.1
15.3
13.9
12.7
5.8
14.6
16.9
10.5
15.2
15.4
20.3
14.8
24.4
22.3
11.8
22.1
18.5
12.6
17.8
13.9
11.6
7.0
15.2
15.1
10.3
16.3
15.9
20.3
12.4
22.7
22.4
11.0
16.7
15.5
16.9
19.6
14.2
11.6
15.0
21. 5
19.5
23.3
19.6
10.9
17.0
18.9
11.7
17.0
11.5
13.8
20.7
18.9
10.5
17.2
13.9
12.7
18.2
10.1
8.4
12.4
10.2
10.8
11.1
9.8
14.7
10.5
10.9
10.5
11.2
11.5
7.4
7.9
13.2
8.6
6. 4
13.0
13.9
11.8
10.1
7.4
9.4
9.4
7.4
9.4
14.6
10.9
11.8
11.0
7.0
7.5
10.9
6.8
9.6
13.5
10.9
12.4
11.9
7.3
8.2
11.2
7.6
8.5
13.6
12.0
12.0
11.0
6.3
8.0
12.9
9.4
14.4
16.8
14.2
13.9
13.9
7.5
9.4
14.7
10.1
15.7
14.9
16.5
12.8
15.6
8.5
9.0
16.7
10.5
13.1
11.5
17.2
15.2
16.0
10.1
8.0
15.5
10.3
14.8
13.3
14.4
12.1
16.0
10.3
8.2
16.8
10.5
16.9
13.3
16.6
15.0
16.5
10.2
10.0
18.7
10.5
14.0
9.9
17.7
13.1
16.4
11.2
10.1
16.7
11.0
13.6
11.0
16.6
14.6
15.9
8.9
9.3
16.1
9.9
15.1
11.5
15.1
12.9
16.1
7.5
10.4
9.1
16.9
10.0
11.2
4.8
12.4
(3)
10.1
12.4
12.1
10.9
5.7
14.0
(3)
6. 4
11.3
11.8
9.4
5.0
15.3
(3)
8.4
10.5
11.2
10.5
5.2
13.8
19.2
8.4
11.4
12.0
12.3
6.1
15.6
21.9
9.1
15.7
13.6
14.0
6.3
15.3
18.1
8.1
14.5
13.6
16.7
6.9
14.2
18.7
8.3
14.5
12.5
13.0
6.2
14.2
15.5
11.4
11.9
13. 0
14.0
6.2
17.3
13.1
10.8
14.0
16. 6
13.9
6.8
14.8
17.0
10.3
15.2
15.3
13.3
6.9
14.4
19.1
11.1
15.3
11.4
11.9
5.7
14.9
13.3
10.9
13.4
5.6
5.6
8.9
4.2
(3)
5.0
2.1
2.7
11.3
(3)
4.0
4.5
13.2
3.6
(3)
4.0
1.1
2.4
12.3
(3)
4.0
6.1
5.5
3.0
(3)
2.8
1.9
1.0
14.0
(3)
4.6
5.4
9.2
3.7
3.2
3.9
1.7
2.0
12.5
5.5
5.6
6.5
9.4
4.3
2.6
4.8
1.6
2.3
11.3
6.1
5.9
5.7
9.6
4.8
4.0
4.5
1.5
2.4
10.3
5.6
5.9
5.0
10.6
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.1
3.0
10.9
5.0
5.5
5.7
10.3
3.4
3.2
4.8
2.4
3.2
12.7
8.3
5.7
4.7
13.7
3.4
2.6
4.6
1.9
2.1
11.6
6.4
6.3
6.1
12.7
3.3
4.0
5.0
3.1
2.1
9.3
6.9
7.0
7.1
13.7
3.6
3.4
5.3
3.3
2.3
11.7
5.4
6.8
7.3
10.8
4.4
3.3
5.2
3.5
3.1
11.8
5.3
4.2
5.4
2. 4
3.4
18.4
(3)
10.0
4.4
5.0
2.1
3.2
16.2
(3)
9.1
4.6
5.3
2.3
3.6
13.8
0
8.7
4.4
5.2
2.3
3.4
16.2
31.1
9.3
4.7
5.7
3.1
4.4
20.7
*30.4
10.6
4.9
5.8
3.2
4.5
18.9
*38.3
8.7
4.5
6.3
2.4
4.1
18.5
31.5
11.0
3.9
6.4
2.5
4.4
16.9
25.0
9.1
4.2
6.2
2.7
4.6
16.7
26.0
9.9
4.4
6.0
2.3
4.7
18.8
32.0
10.4
4.1
6.1
2.8
5.2
19.9
39.5
10.3
4.2
5.9
2.6
4.5
15.8
30.3
10.0
4.6
5.8
2.7
3.8
18.6
33.2
2.8
2.5
4.7
3.3
3.0
4.1
4.3
3.6
4.4
6.3
3.7
4.2
3.2
4.5
5.7
(3)
4.8
4. 4
(3)
6.4
(3)
5.8
5.2
(3)
6.7
0
5.9
4.8
0
6.3
4.3
5. 5
4.8
8.4
6.9
4.6
8.1
5.4
6.8
7.0
6.1
7.0
5.3
6.1
6.7
4.7
6.5
5.3
7.8
6.1
4.2
4.7
4.8
6.6
5.2
4.1
10.0
6.3
5.4
6.1
4.7
7.6
6.7
6.8
6.3
3.2
8.0
5.7
5.1
5.5
3.3
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.7
5.0
6.7
5.2
7.3
4.1
7.5
5.8
5.9
(3)
5.2
13.8
11.2
3.2
(3)
6.8
10.2
11.1
4.1
0
7.4
15.9
11.4
3.3
10.2
6.4
13.3
11.2
3.5
for each million employee-hours worked. A disabling work injury is any
injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which
(a) results in death or any degree of permanent physical impairment, or (b)
makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly
established job which is open and available to him throughout the hours
corresponding to his regular shift on any one or more days after the day of
injury (including Sundays, days ofi, or plant shutdowns). The term
“injury” includes occupational disease.
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1956
3.9
24.8
19.8
9.5
21.0
19.3
13.8
12.7
12.5
6.1
16.4
14.5
7.3
12.1
8.8
14.0
9.6
12.8
14.0
15.3
13.4
14.4
12.7
13.5
6.2
14.6
19.6
8.4
14.2
5.5
5.7
9.9
4.2
3.3
4.4
2.1
2.4
11.2
5.5
10.0
4.5
28.9
22.01
10.7
20.3
18.9
13.4
11.7
15.1
7.0
14.9
17.8
9.5
14.7
15.9
22.0
16.8
24.0
23.1
11.0
10.6
14.7
11.8
16.3
13.7
16.2
14.5
13.5
6.5
15.1
16.2
10.9
14.1
6. 1
5.9
12.6
3.4
3.3
4.9
2.7
2.4
11.3
6.8
4.2
6.2
2.6
4.7
17.9
31.2
10.0
6.0
6.6
6.4
11.2
7.3
8.3
10.1
8.7
7.1
17.4
8.3
8.5
6.8
6.9
7.3
5.3
6.4
7.3
7.9
6.8
5.0
18.0
10.9
12.2
14.9
13.4
15.2
13.1
14.1
13.5
13.9
13.9
11.6
10.6
11.5
11.8
13.2
11.8
13.3
13.2
12.5
4.4
5.6
4.4
5.0
5.5
5.6
4.6
4.8
6.1
5.1
2 Rates are preliminary and subject to revision when final annual averages
become available.
2 Insufficient data to warrant presentation of average.
‘ Revised.
N o t e : These data are compiled in accordance with the American Stand
ard Method of Recording and Measuring Work Injury Experience, approved
by the American Standards Association, 1954.
Information on concepts, methodology, etc., is given in Techniques of
Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, BLS Bull. 1168 (1954).
S o u r c e : U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
D. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1858
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BLS Bull. 1224-3: Occupational Wage Survey, Baltimore, Md., August 1957.
29 pp. 25 cents.
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Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-1956-—A Special Supplement to Con
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BLS Report 126: Studies of the Effects of the $1 Minimum Wage, Wage
Structure, Wooden Containers, April 1957. 32 pp.
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