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Minutes of actions taken by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on Friday, April 2, 1954. The Board met in th Board Room at 10:00 a.m. PR2SENT: Mr. Martin, Chairlan Mr. Szymczak Mr. Evans Mr. Vardaman Mr. Mills Mr. Robertson Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Sherman, Assistant Secretary Kenyon, Assistant Secretary Thomas, Economic Adviser to the Board Leonard, Director, Division of Bank Operations Vest, General Counsel Young, Director, Division of Research and Statistics Myrick, Assistant Director, Division of Bank Operations Hackley„ Assistant General Counsel Governor Mills, Chairman of the System Committee on the Discount end Discount Rate Mechanism which was established pursuant to action of the Board on June 9, 1953, referred to the report on the discount mechanism which had been prepared under the direction of the Committee, commenting that the report met with the approval of the other members of the Committee 4% Coleman, Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and Mr. Wil— ' (1 Ms, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia) and that °Pies had been sent on March 29 to each member of the Board and to the C • halrman and President of each Federal Reserve Bank with a covering letter /*Itch stated that a suggested procedure for consideration and disposition (If the report would be forwarded shortly. Governor Mills suggested that 528 4/2/54 -2- the Board members review the report carefully and that a second letter be sent to each Chairman and President requesting that as a first step each Reserve Bank submit comments to the Chairman of the Committee by aY 3, with the thought that the various comments and suggestions could then be collated and the material sent to the members of the Board and to the Chairmen and Presidents by the latter part of May, after which consideration could be given to what further steps should be taken. Governor Mills also suggested that if this procedure were followed, the Board might -wish to set aside time for discussion of the material with the Reserve Bank Presidents at the time of the meeting of the Presidents? Conference in June. The procedure suggested by Governor Mills was approved unanimously. In this connection, unanimous approval was given to a letter for the signature of the Chairman to the Chairman and President of each Federal Reserve Bank (except Chairman Coleman and President Williams) reading as follows, with the understanding that copies of the letter would be sent to Messrs. Coleman and Williams for their information: On March 291 there was sent to each Chairman and each President a copy of the report on the discount mechanism which had been prepared under the direction of the System Committee on the Discount and Discount Rate Mechanism, the members of which are Chairman Coleman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, President Williams of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, and Governor Mills, who has served as Chairman of the committee. That letter stated that we shortly would forward to you a suggested procedure for the consideration and disposition of the report. 529 4/2/54 -3-- This report points to a basic revision of the Board's Banks By Regulation A, Discounts For and Advances To Member it made, were on a revisi Federal Reserve Banks. If such a at only aken undert be would seem clear that it should bank member of time, such as the present, when the level discounts was relatively low. rThe Board has discussed various procedures for furthe t discoun the on ing System consideration of the report Federal mechanism and suggests that as a first step each suggesee's committ the on t Reserve Bank review and commen Banks e Reserv dual indivi the by tions. If such comments the of an Chairm the to ded forwar could be completed and comvarious e the collat then could he committee by May 3, to ments and suggestions and send copies of the material and the members of the Board of Governors and the Chairmen hoped Presidents of the Federal Reserve Banks. It would be that the collated material could be sent out by the latter part of May, after which consideration could be given to what further steps should be taken in getting System consideration of the report. If you believe this suggested procedure offers a satisfactory way of handling the report at this stage, I shall appreciate it if the comments of your Bank can be sent to reach Governor Mills by May 3. of a Chairman Martin read, as a matter of information, a copy letter which the Bureau of the Budget sent to the House Committee on Government Operations on March 31, 1954, expressing its views on an Bill H.R. 7602, which would direct the Comptroller General to make tee, and audit of the Board of Governors, the Federal Open Market Commit the Federal Reserve Banks and their branches for the year ended Deceman ber 311 1953. The letter, a copy of which had been sent to Chairm Ilartin with a covering letter of the same date signed by Mr. Roger A* j°11es, Assistant Director for Legislative Reference, took the position that the proposed legislation was unnecessary and undesirable. It 530 4/2/54 —4- recommended, therefore, against enactment of H.R0 7602. Chairman Martin also stated that he had received a telephone call from Mr. Erickson, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, who reported, for the Board's information, that the board of directors of the Boston Bank had authorized him to make a one-month trip to Europe beginning May 122 1954. While President Erickson indicated that he Illould take advantage of the opportunity to visit certain foreign central banks and commercial banks, it was understood that the trip would be Primarily of a personal nature. Pursuant to the understanding at the meeting on March 31, 1.9542 Mr. Leonard had prepared drafts of two letters to Mr. Young, President er the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, one dealing with the question of decentralization of operations in the Seventh Federal Reserve District through the establishment of additional Reserve Bank branches and the Other dealing with authorization to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago te negotiate with the owners for the purchase of certain properties in the same block as the Bank's head office building to provide for expan3 ion of facilities. Governor Evans stated that following the discussion at the meeton March 312 he had a conversation with President Young, who was in the Board's offices that day, at which time he told Mr. Young that the kand appreciated the decentralization survey which the Reserve Bank had 4/2/54 -5- made and considered it a good report, that the Board agreed with the advisability of the Reserve Bank's proceeding with negotiations for the adjoining properties in Chicago, including, if deemed advisable, the taking of options, but that in addition the Board was inclined to favor the establishment of branches in Des Moines, Iowa, and Indianapolis, Indiana, and felt that further study should be given to the question of establishing a branch in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Governor Evans then stated that the Chicago building program had been up for consideration for about two years, that the question whether the Bank should remain at its present location or whether a building Should be provided at another location was settled by determining to re14ain at the present location and add to the building, and that an undecided question was whether additional branches should be established in the district. He said that this question had been discussed at various times with representatives of the Chicago Reserve Bank and that he felt the time had arrived for the Board to make a decision. It was Governor 4anst feeling that additional branches should be established, and he suggested that the following letter, rather than the draft prepared by Mr. Leonard regarding the possible establishment of branches, be sent to the Chicago Bank: The report of the decentralization survey, forwarded with your letter of March 112 has been carefully reviewed by the Board. You and your staff are to be complimented on the information you forwarded in response to our request. 532 4/2/54 -6- We agree with you that the congestion at your Bank needs relief and we want to be as helpful as possible in helping you to work out a program toaard this end. Therefore, in a previous letter we suggested that you ascertain the price of the adjacent property. It seems to us that the number of banks and the volume of business in your territory requires the establishment of new branches at Des Moines, Iowa, Indianapolis, Indiana, and possibly at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The establishment of these branches would materially reduce the load on the head office and would be consistent with the general governmental policy of scattering facilities subject to damage in the event of an enemy attack. If these branches were established, it would represent a further step in the decentralization of the System. It mould bring the branches closer to the member banks they serve and through their directors and officers would bring the System and its operations closer to the general public, which is not too familiar with the Federal Reserve System. If branches were established at Des Moines and Indianapolis, they would rank among the larger branches in the System and would be larger than more than half of the present branches. After considering all phases of the question, the Board favors the establishment of branches at Des Moines and Indianapolis as soon as practicable, leaving the question of a branch at Milwaukee for further study. This is an important question and we would appreciate your Board reviewing the entire matter again. If a meeting with our Board would be helpful to your directors, it would be a pleasure to meet with them. Governor Vardaman then suggested certain amendments to the draft Of letter regarding the establishment of branches which had been submitted by Mr. Leonard, and Governor Robertson read a draft he had prepared which would treat in one letter the matter of additional branches and the acquisition of additional property for expansion of the head office premises. During a discussion which followed, Governors Szymczak and Mills stated that they would favor the two letters drafted by Mr. Leonard and C:riC) a.1ei that they would also be agreeable to amending the draft concerning the establishment of branches to incorporate most of the suggestions made by Governor Vardaman. Chairman Martin said that he had not yet reached a definite concluto favor sion on the branch question, stating that while he was inclined the establishment of additional branches in the Chicago District, he was not prepared to reach such a decision at this meeting or on the basis of the information now available to the Board. In Chairman Martinis opinion, the manner in which the problem was handled was most important and a good deal more groundwork was needed before the Board reached a decision that branches should be established despite a contrary recommendation by the Chicago Bank° the meeting on He reiterated the view he had expressed at such as this was inMarch 31, that centralization of control in a matter consistent with the general approach to decentralization, where feasible, of responsibility throughout the Federal Reserve System. As to the proPosed letters to the Chicago Bank, Chairman Martin said that he would not Mr. Leonard, °bject to the draft regarding additional branches as submitted by °r to a letter incorporating the changes suggested by Governor Vardaman, or to one similar to that proposed by Governor Robertson. However, he would 11ot approve a letter such as that proposed by Governor Evans which implied that the Board had made a decision that additional branches should be established. of letter was based Chairman Martin's opposition to that type on his strong feeling that further discussion of the whole problem with the clireetors of the Chicago Bank was required before a decision was reached, and that the matter should not be closed to such further discussion by a 534 4/2/54 —8- decision at this meeting. Chairman Martin also expressed the view that Ilith the prospect of a continuing expansion of business activity in the Chicago area, the present head office quarters would not be adequate even if additional branches were established. For that reason, he felt that the Chicago Bank should proceed with negotiations for the acquisition of properties which would permit an enlargement of the head office building. Chairman Martin's Governor Evans stated that he did not agree with Position because the question of the establishment of branches had been gone make a decision was very thoroughly and all of the information needed to the position set out already at hand. He felt that the Board should follow favored establishment in his proposed letter, indicating quite clearly that it Of the branches but extending to the Chicago board the opportunity to have a full discussion of the question with the Board of Governors if they so desired, as set out in the last paragraph of his suggested letter. However, he would not interpose any further objection to the suggested substitute letter but he felt it did not accelerate a sound and prompt solution of the Problem at the Chicago Bank. After further discussion, upon motion by Governor Mills, unanimous approval was given to letters to President Young in the following form, with the understanding that copies would be sent to Chairman Coleman and with the further understanding that the views would of the Board, as stated in the letters, Colebe transmitted by telephone to Chairman man and President Young today: The report of the decentralization survey forwarded with Your letter of March 11 has been reviewed. The Board appreciates the study and the effort that have been devoted to the survey, It is understood that the report, submitted in resPonse to the request contained in the Board's letter of 5,15 4/2/51.1 -9- Chairman Martin's January 4, 1954, also serves as the answer to and the Board ents Presid suggestion at the Joint Meeting of the and branch ct distri on March 5, 1953, that reviews be made of s should change any r whethe boundaries with a view to determining be made report on decentraliYour covering letter accompanying this of establishing matter the zation states that it is apparent that have further should ct additional branches in the Seventh Distri in your that, states 12 consideration; but your letter of March no are there that sion conclu Opinion, the survey leads to the h DisSevent the in es branch Persuasive reasons to establish new with ent this agreem full in not trict at this time. The Board is conclusion. that if branches Your report on decentralization indicates apolis, they would were to be established at Des Moines and Indian the basis of rank among the larger branches in the System. On erations, the the statistical data and on broad policy consid branches at Des Board is inclined to favor the establishment of Milwaukee. Therefore, Moines and Indianapolis, and possibly at date, the Board requests that your directors give, at an early establishment of further consideration to the question of the the Board of such branches. Should your directors so desire, personally with them. Governors will be glad to discuss the matter Bank be authorized Your letter of March 11 requests that the the property adof se purcha to negotiate with the owners for the two other properjoining the Reserve Bank on the west and of the ties in the block. ized negotiation The Board's letter of January 4, 1954 author . The for the properties and that authorization is still in effect adjoin the se of letter referred to a program involving the purcha iThe author properties. ing property and either of the other two r, covers negotiations howeve s, ilitie zation to explore the possib for all three properties. in the Board's In accordance with the procedures outlined authorization contained letter of December 1, 1953 (S-1518), the of options in the Board's letter of January 4 permits the taking n witheratio consid at reasonable figures on the properties under s, howsuch option out prior approval of the Board. Exercise of the with ance ever, does require such prior approval in accord which the purchase of established procedure of many years under of the Board real estate by a Reserve Bank is subject to approval of Governors. 536 4/2/54 -10- The Board will be glad to consider any specific proposals which result from your negotiations. on March 16, As indicated by Governor Robertson at the meeting 1954, a draft of letter to Mr. Harry J. Harding, President of the IndePendent Bankers Association, Twelfth Federal Reserve District, Pleasanton, California, had been prepared in response to Mr. Harding's letter of ting certain data March 3, and his follow-up letter of March 23, reques regarding bank holding companies. The draft of letter, copies of which had been sent to the members of the Board prior to this meeting, read as follows: and March 23, This is in reply to your letters of March 3, g companies. holdin 1954, requesting certain data regarding bank are in force there There are at this time 77 cases in which nt to Secpursua determinations made by the Board of Governors the for es provid tion 301 of the Banking Act of 1935, which g holdin exemptions, to which you refer, from the existing n 23A Sectio of company affiliate statutes except the provisions n betwee ons relati of the Federal Reserve Act regarding financial of five In ates. affili member banks and their holding company affiliates, and these 77 cases there are two holding company are all holding which s another case includes three organization the 77 cases ingly, Accord company affiliates of the same bank. of these -nine Twenty include 84 holding company affiliates. banks. lves holding company affiliates are themse the same You inquire whether the exemptions were all for exempts law the know, you reason or for several reasons. As 0• not H any organization which is determined by the Board 0 holdto be engaged, directly or indirectly, as a business in banks, banking ing the stock of, or managing or controlling, In making ies." compan trust associations, savings banks, or course, of have, ons decisi s such determinations, the Board' stances of each parbeen based upon all of the facts and circum the determinations for s reason ed ticular case, and the detail tive cases. respec the of facts are as diverse as the detailed ed detail reasons the of all ize Without attempting to summar involve cases the of some cases, s Nhich appear in the variou 537 -11banking operations which are purely incidental to the nonbanking operations which constitute the principal business of the controlling organization. There are cases also where the stocks of the banks are held for the purpose of invest stocks bank the where cases ment rather than control, and are owned by the holding company affiliates solely in a fiinvolve group duciary capacity. Moreover, some cases do not to regulate. ed intend was banking such as the law apparently to know that, you to st intere of be Incidentally, it may in each determination made pursuant to Section 301 of the right to reBanking Act of 1935, the Board has reserved the the parvoke the exemption in the event of changed facts in ticular case. operations of With respect to the extent of the banking ll the holding company affiliates in relation to their over-a ences differ activities, there is likewise a wide range of the holdamong the various cases. As mentioned above, 29 of other the ing company affiliates are themselves banks. At bankthe n extreme would be the cases mentioned above wherei activi pal princi ing operations are purely incidental to the comfor basis ties. In some cases it is difficult to find a principal paring the extent of the banking operations with the g comholdin activities of the holding companies, such as the able charit or pany affiliates which are labor unions, or church organizations. controlled Of the 77 cases mentioned above, there is one in six banks lled bank in 69 cases, and there are two contro of each In cases. cases and three controlled banks in two lled contro one than the eight cases in which there is more same State. bank, the respective controlled banks are in the deposits and number The following tabulation shows the fied classi cases, 77 the of the controlled banks included in according to type of bank: Aggregate deposits December 31, 1952 1/(in thousands) ape of controlled bank Number 1l,064,067 48 National 731,943 33 2/ State member 52,595 4 Nonmember insured I/ 2 Nonmember uninsured ,60 $1,848 ri Totals banks which began 3 for ed includ beposits as of a later date . 1952 31, er Decemb operations subsequent to deposits. 2/Inc1udes 3 trust companies having no ts. 2/trust companies having no deposi D 538 4/2/94 Although you requested information as to the total assets of the banks in each of the above groups, we have given the figures for deposits because it seems to us that they are more fully informative as to the types of controlled institutions, there being included, as indicated above, several trust companies Which do not have deposits. These figures regarding controlled banks, of course, do not include the number or deposits of the 29 banks which are holding company affiliates controlling other banks. Some of these 29 banks are large institutions which control other banks purely in a fiduciary capacity or control trust companies whose business, being confined chiefly or entirely to trust business, supplements the activities of the controlling commercial banks. Throughout the information and data given above regarding controlled banks, the meaning of control is that which is indicated in the existing statutory definition of the term "holding company affiliate." Unless there is an existing or prospective holding company affiliate relationship within the meaning of that definition, no determination would be made by the Board. Regarding the matter of developing a list of companies holding or controlling 15 per cent or more of the stock of two or more banks, we note that you have information from the Comptroller of the Currency and from Supervisors of State Banks indicating 70 such cases. You mentioned that Chairman McCabe, in testifying on S. 2318 in 1950, indicated that there were 83 known situations, and you inquired whether the Board has made any recent survey of the corporate control of banks along this line. The 83 known situations to which Mr. McCabe referred in 1950 included a number of cases in which a bank held or controlled 15 per cent or more of the stock of only one other bank. These cases presumably would not be in your current list, but they were included in the data drawn up at that time because the definition of "bank holding company" in S. 2318 included • • • any company which is a bank and which directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote 15 per centum or more of the voting shares of one or more other banks. • Although we constantly make use of available data, we do not have what We would consider to be a complete list of all companies, or corporations, which hold or control 15 per cent or more of the stock of two or more banks. Moreover, We feel some doubt that a complete list, or a correct list, could be made 539 4/2/54 -13- without a great deal of investigation and analysis. It seems to us that such a list must be based on actual or beneficial ownership rather than record ownership of stock, otherwise, cases would be missed where an individual nominee is the record owner of stock which is actually owned by a company or corporation and, conversely, cases would be erroneously included where a nominee company is the record owner of stock which is beneficially owned by, say, a personal trust. Referring to the last paragraph of your letter, the one bank in Wyoming with approximately $310001000 of deposits is still included in our figures. It is listed in the statistical table of 34 holding company groups as of December 311 19521 under First Security Corporation, Ogden, Utah (page 45, Part 1, Hearings before the Committee on Banking and Currency, United States Senate, on S. 76 and S. 1118--June 10, 111 and 121 1953). We trust that the information herein contained will be helpful to you in the study you are making. With the thought that the information might be of interest to the Committees on Banking and Currency of the Senate and the House of Representatives, copies of this letter are being sent to the respective Chairmen of those Committees. Approved unanimously. Messrs. Leonard, Vest, Myrick, and Hackley then withdrew from the meeting. Prior to this meeting there had been circulated to the members Of the Board a memorandum from Mr. Thomas dated March 2h, 195h, discussing 1r411-ous matters relating to the Fourth Meeting of Technicians of Central Barlks of the American Continent, to be held during the period May 3-114, 1954, with the first week's sessions in Washington and the remaining 4/2/54 -lb- sessions in New York. The memorandum, which commented on the agenda ror the meeting, the procedure to be followed in discussing the papers submitted by the participating institutions, and the program of entertainment, recommended that the following be designated as members of the Board's delegation to the meeting: Chairman Martin (Chairman of the delegation) Governor Szymczak Mr. Thomas, Economic Adviser to the Board Mr. Young, Director, Division of Research and Statistics Mr. Marget, Director, Division of International Finance Mr. Dembitz, Assistant Director, Division of International Finance Mr. Olson, Economist, Division of International Finance Mr. Kenyon, Assistant Secretary of the Board (Secretary of the delegation) The plans for the meeting as set forth in the memorandum were noted without objection and the persons named above were designated as members of the Board's delegation to the meeting. 24, 2.954, Governor Robertson referred to a memorandum dated March rrom Mr. Allen, Director, Division of Personnel Administration, regarding by the procedure for making national agency checks on persons employed of certain the Board of Governors and for making informal clearances ?ederal Reserve Bank personnel when such clearance appeared to be in the national interest. The memorandum, which had been in circulation among the members of the Board, pointed out that pursuant to action of the 4/2/54 -15- Board on October 12, 1953, a letter was sent to the Civil Service Cornstating, for reasons given in the letter, that the Board wished to continue to make the national agency checks on all persons employed by the Board. The memorandum further stated that in the past it had been possible for the Board to make its own checks because the Federal 141reau of Investigation had been willing to honor requests sent direct from the Board to the Bureau, but that a form letter from the Bureau dated March 4, 1954, a copy of which was attached to the memorandum,ad- 1)1sed that under procedures now set 1113 by the Civil Service Commission, 411 such requests must be routed through the Civil Service Commission. The possibility of an exception having been explored with the Civil Service Commission and the Federal Bureau of Investigation without succees by the Division of Personnel Administration, the memorandum stated that in the absence of objection by the Board, the Division planned to send requests regarding new employees to the Civil Service Commission. After Governor Robertson and other members of the Board had stated leasens why they felt it would be desirable for the Board to continue to ' illake its on national agency checks on Federal Reserve personnel, it was slIggested that Chairman Martin discuss informally with Mr. Philip Young, Clh airman of the Civil Service Commission, whether the present arrangeCould be continued without interfering unduly with the practices °f the Commission. This suggestion was approved unanimously. ("1 4/2/54 -16Governor Mills, who had been serving as alternate to Chairman Martin on the Committee on Retirement Policy for Federal Personnel established pursuant to Public Law 555, 82d Congress, stated that Mro B• Eliot Kaplan, Chairman of that Committee, had called him on the telephone yesterday and said that the Committee planned to present to the Congress shortly a report which would recommend, among other things, that persons who were members of the Civil Service Retirement %tem also be made subject to the Old Age and Survivors Insurance coverage of the Social Security System. Governor Mills went on to Nr that Mr. Kaplan inquired what position the Board would wish to take with respect to its employees in the event the Committee made a Commendation covering Board employees. Governor Mills expressed the \rieVT that the Board should not voice an opinion regarding any change in the Board Plan of the Retirement System of the Federal Reserve Banks at the present time, it being his judgment that there was time for the Beard to study the matter more fully. There was unanimous agreement with Governor Mills' suggestion. There were presented telegrams to the Federal Reserve Banks of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, and San Francisco stating that the Board approved the establishment without change by the Federal ReBank of Boston on March 29, by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Franon March 31, and by the Federal Reserve Banks of New York, Philaand Atlanta on April 1, 1954, of the rates of discount and pur1.1aee in their existing schedules. Approved unanimously. 543 4/2/54 -17Chairman Martin reported that he had received a telephone call fr°m Mr. Harold E. Talbott, Secretary of the Air Force, 4ho expressed the hope that the Board would not approve the establishment of branches in Spain by United States banks or banking corporations without allowing him to comment. Chairman Martin said he told Secretary Talbott that the Board would be glad to give him an opportunity to express his views in connection with any such applications. At this point Messrs. Kenyon and Young withdrew from the meeting and Messrs. Allen, Director, Division of Personnel Administration, and Hackley, Assistant General Counsel, entered the room. Governor Vardaman referred to the report he made to the Board °n January 21, 1954, regarding Ir. Boothe, Administrator, Office of Defense Loans, and the fact that he had suffered a heart attack. Governor Vardaman stated that Mr. Boothe had had another attack yesterday and had been taken to the hospital and that it was not known at this time when he would be able to return to the office. Governor Vardaman commented upon the current volume of work in the Office of Defense Loans and recommended that, for reasons which he stated, Mr. •J. J. Connell, Technical Assistant in the Office of Defense Loans, be designated Acting Administrator, Office of Defense Loans, on a temporary basis. Governor Vardaman also stated that it would be desirable to have some other Person become familiar with the procedure for handling defense loans so that the work could be carried along satisfactorily in the event 111'. Connell were to be absent, and he suggested that the Board authorize 4/2/54 -18- Mr. Connell to work with Mr. Allen and Mr. Hackley with a view to recomMending some member of the Board's staff, preferably from the Division of Examinations or the Division of Bank Operations, who could assist in the Office of Defense Loans on a part-time basis and become familiar with the work of that office. He also stated that in due time he would ask the Board to make some adjustment in Mr. Connell's compensation. Following a brief discussion, during which Governor Vardaman emphasized that Mr. Connell's appointment would be on a purely temporary basis, unanimous approval was given to his suggestions that (1) Mr. Connell be designated Acting Administrator of the Office of Defense Loans on a temporary basis effective Monday, April 5, 1954, and (2) that Mr. Connell be authorized, in consultation with Mr. Allen and Mr. Hackley, to explore the possibilities of obtaining someone to assist in the Office of Defense Loans. The meeting then adjourned. During the day the following additional action was taken by the Board with all of the members present: Minutes of actions taken by the Board of Governors of the Fed"al Reserve System on April 1, 1954, were approved unanimously.