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H U N T ’S MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE & ^<'Orq/ry/J&\ COMMERCIAL REVIEW. C O N D U C T E D BY F R E E M A N H U N T , E D IT O R OF T H E L IB R A R Y OF C O M M E R C E , E T C . J C O R R E S P O N D IN G M E M B E R OF T H E A M E R IC A N AND LONDON S T A T IS T IC A L S O C IE T IE S ; M E M B E R O F T H E N E W Y O R K H IS T O R IC A L S O C IE T Y ; HON O RA RY M E M B E R OF T H E M E R C A N T IL E L IB R A R Y A SSO C IA T IO N S OF^ N E W Y O R K , P H IL A D E L P H IA , B O S T O N , B A L T IM O R E , L O U IS V IL L E , C H A R L E S T O N , AND C IN C IN N A T I, E T C . VOLUME TW ENTY-THREE. FROM JULY TO DECEMBER, INCLUSIVE, I860. Hork : P U B L I S H E D A T 1 4 2 FULTON-STREET. 185.0. CONTRIBUTORS ✓ TO THE TWENTY-THIRD VOLUME OF THE MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. N athan A llan, M. D. ooff Massaclius D avid M. B alfour, E sq., MercltaiHi V ehuiretts. G. M. B ell , E sq., Bank Manager—Author of “ The Philosophy of Joint Stock Banking,” etc., of England. S amuel B eman, E sq., of New York. A bner B enedict , E sq., of the New York Bar. H on. A lexander B radford, Surrogate, of New York. E. H. D erby , E sq., of Massachusetts. H on. A. C. F lags , late Controller of the State of New York. D avid F osdick, A. M., of Massachusetts. ... J. G ardener, E sq.,.Mercliiipt,;of Rio de Janeiro.. D avi^ L. J aqueSj' E sQ.^qJ'the New YorkBar. A. J ohnson, E sq., Presided! o f the’ Ontario (Branch) Bank—Author of “ s Treatise on Banking, etc.” *. T homas P. K ettell , E sq., of New York. " S amuel M artin, A. M., of London, England. C. F. M’Cay, of the University of Georgia. A. N ash, E sq., of the New York Bar. J. S. R opes, E sq., Merchant, of Massachusetts. E zra C. S eaman, of the United States Treasury Department, Author of Essays on the “ Progress of Nations in Productive Industry, Civilization, Population, Wealth,” etc. J unius S mith, E sq., of South Carolina. H enry S tockbeidge, E sq., of the Baltimore Bar. R ic h a r d S ulley , E sq., of New York. W illlami J. T enney, E sq., o f New Jersey, and F reeman H unt , Editor and Proprietor o f the Merchants’ Magazine, etc. I NDE X TO YOL. X X I I I . , FROM JULY TO DECEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1850. Admiralty law, its history, &c......................... 284 Advantages and disadvantages of private cor porations ......................................................... 626 Adjusting compasses for iron ships................. 694 Adulteration of coffee in London..................... 138 Advertising, philosophy of.............................. 580 Africa, manufactures o f.................................... 573 Agricultural products, exports of, from U. S . 95 Alabama and Tennessee Railroad................... 233 w cotton factories in .............................. 247 44 south, cotton crop of........................ 659 Albany, flour inspections of............................ 112 Algeciras, change in light a t............................ 559 American and English railway management. 236 44 continental m oney........................... 121 “ reciprocity and British free tra d e .. 410 Androscoggin and Kennebec R ailroad........... 469 Appraisement of im ports................................... 665 Anti-commercial articles..................................... 585 Arkansas, rights of married women i n ........... 527 Architecture, marine and naval....................... 310 Astoria, Oregon, harbor of............................... 358 Averno, port of, in Portugal............................ 231 Auction sales in New Y ork.............................. 450 Augusta, receipts of cotton a t........................... 659 B« Bahama Channel, light-house at entrance o f.. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad........................... u city stock d eb t.................................. u condition of banks of....................... u flour trade o f .................................... u report of board of trade of............. a statistics of shipping o f................... u u tobacco trade o f .............................. ii commercial resources o f ............... ii scaleage on cotton a t....................... u and Ohio Railroad........................... it and Susquehanna R ailroad............ Banking, Currency, and Finance, Journal of. 223, 331, 452, 548, u law of New York am ended............. it Lawson’s history of.......................... Bank of Hamburg, character of...................... Bank of England returns for 1849 ................... 22 2 44 44 South Carolina, statistical progress of 227 44 clerks, training of........................................228 44 failures In England and United States.. 676 44 London and W estminster....................... 332 44 circulation of United K ingdom ............. 334 44 notes, lives of............................................. 554 Banks, dividends of Boston and New Y o rk .. 89 44 complete statistics of, in U. S .........670-674 “ of New York, condition of.................... 117 M 44 Ohio, condition of................ 548 “ dividends of Boston................................ 551 44 of United States, condition of.............. 552 44 condition of New Orleans............ 225, 455 44 44 44 in United S ta te s .............. 225 44 * 44 44 44 New York City.............228 44 of Rhode Island, condition of............... 331 44 44 South Carolina, condition of............. 333 44 44 Charleston..................................... 453 44 Scotch Exchange.................................... 337 Bay of San F rancisco........................................ 561 Birmingham, manufactures o f ......................... 678 Book trade, notices of. 139, 250, 362, 477, 587, 703 Boots and shoes, history of pegged........... ... 574 Boston, growth o f ........................................... 496 u description o f...................................... 483 ii population and wealth of................. 485 tt railways and steamers of................... 487 u shipping and commerce o f ............. 489 it local and coastwise trade of............. 489 ii water works o f .................................. 492 ii city debt and resources of................ 493 ii city taxes o f ........................................ 494 tt and Maine Railroad, statistics of . . . 239 tt 44 Worcester Railroad, receipts of. 125 116 44 551 38 51 556 42 40 u 49 bank dividends.................................. 34 Brazil, trade between United States and___ 665 Breadstuff's, import of into England............. 691 British export of cotton ma’fact’s to all nations 691 44 mercantile marine bill........................ M customs regulations.......................... 117 U 650 trade in wines and spirits................... U 336 woolen manufactures, export of....... i t 641 railroads, revenue of........................... ll and Scotch railroad dividends.......... 119 551 547 137 105 583 462 330 328 241 126 IV IN D E X TO VOL. XXIII. 137 Commercial value of Cuba................................ 474 “ 44 dramatic literature.... 585 133 44 facts, curious................................ 586 578 44 expedition around the w orld... 406 695 44 life in London.............................. 696 606 Commission business, a profitable.................. 330 C. Connecticut, rights of married women in ---- 526 California, gold mines o f .................................. 19 44 law of, relating to railroad stocks 565 44 gold at United States m in t............ 118 Consumption of tobacco in England.............. 476 44 commerce and statistics o f ............ 324 Corporations, legislative history of in N. Y. :.510 “ state debt and revenues.................. 335 44 private, advantages of.................626 44 44 disadvantages of.......... 629 44 gold dust.......................................... 336 “ 44 discovered in 1790 ............... 464 Cotton manufactures, British exports o f........105 44 trade from 1825 to 1850......................... 595 export of gold from......................... 554 44 regulations of collection districts of 663 44 plantations, product of in S. Carolina.. 107 44 mania in Paris.................................. 698 44 and cotton fabrics, prices of................. 108 Canals in Great B rita in .................................... 692 44 falsely packed and unm erchantable... I l l Canal tolls in New Y o r k .................................. 350 44 factories, progress of in the West. 244, 342 “ history of W elland.................................. 556 44 44 in Alabama............................. 247 Cement, newly discovered kind of................. 466 44 manufactures at Columbus, (Ga.)........247 Ceylon, pearl fishery o f ..................................... 473 44 manufactures in the Southern S tates.. 346 Ceylon, cultivation of cotton in ....................... 700 44 crop, exports, &c., of the U. States. 437, 449 Chili, treaty between United States a n d ........ 341 44 statistics............................................... *• 450 44 com’ercial reciprocity between the Uni 44 exported, value of.................................. 466 ted States an d ...................................... 662 44 and the cotton manufacture................. 570 Charleston, condition of banks i n ................... 453 44 manufactures in the South, statistics of 575 44 statistics and commerce of............. 106 44 exports of, from New Orleans.............. 537 44 merchants’ convention a t ............... 702 44 factories, slave labor in ......................... 575 China opium trade...................................... 28, 146 44 exports and receipts of, at New Orleans 658 Cincinnati, navigation of.................................. 469 44 crop of South Alabama........................... 659 u rates of freight from, to N. Orleans 545 44 receipts of, at Augusta and Hamburg.. 660 244 44 manufactures o f ............................. 44 cultivation in Ceylon of......................... 700 44 average price of merchandise i n . . 543 44 scaleage on, at Baltimore...................... 665 44 steamboats built a t......................... 569 44 goods, manufacture of........................... 679 683 41 statistics of manufactures of.......... Counterfeit gold coins, recent.................... . • • 223 44 import and export, trade of............ 539 Counterfeits on the State Bank of Indiana... 123 Cities, commercial, of United States...........34, 483 Cuba, value of Island of.................................... 475 Clipperton’s Rock in North Pacific O cean.. . . 696 Currency, American Continental..................... 121 Coasting trade of India, freedom of................. 113 44 Interest, Production........................... 519 Coal, import of, in foreign steam ers............... 221 Customs regulations, British — Codes of New York State, civil and criminal. 67 Custom-house, hydrometers for. Coinage of the New Orleans Branch M int.. . . 454 D. Coins proposed, new, in United States........... 335 44 deterioration of g o ld .............................. 555 Debt of Pennsylvania, State---Coffee, exports of from Rio de J a n e iro .......... 175 44 and revenue of California........................335 44 trade in 1850, &c..............................59, 112 44 of Baltimore City...................................... 65 44 funded, of Maryland................................ 653 44 adulteration of, in London.................. 138 44 and finances of K entucky....................... 676 44 imports of, into United States............. 339 44 exports of, from Rio de Janeiro.......... 451 Depths of European and open seas................ 232 44 production and consumption of, in 1850 59 Decimal coinage in England............................ 219 Collision, action to recover damages.............. 432 Discriminating duties of tonnage on im ports. 662 Commerce of Hamb’gh in 1849 and prev. years 177 Dividends ofrailway stocks in England, &c.. 124 44 Massachusetts Railroads............ 126 44 power and influence of.................. 632 44 United States, statistical view of, Dry-goods stores, salesmen in .......................... 248 in 1849.................................... 95- -105 Duties on sugar and molasses.......................... 220 Colurabia River, Oregon................................... 560 Dyeing, improvements in ................................. 130 Columbus, (Ga.,) cotton factories in ............... 247 E. Commercial Chronicle and Review 84, 199, 312, 432, 524, 650 Eastern Railroad r e p o r t.................................. 348 44 statistics 95, 209, 324, 442, 556, 657 Electro magnetism as a motive pow er........... 577 44 regulat’nsl09, 217, 339,460, 556, 662 Emigration from United Kingdom................. 701 44 cities of United States, &c. .34, 483 England, finances of........................................... 456 44 condition of the banks of................. 122 -41 code of Spain..................... 199, 312 British mercantile navy.................................... Broom manufacture, history o f ....................... Buttons, manufacture of porcelain................... Buoys, regulations in regard t o ....................... Burnham light, British Channel....................... I INDEX TO VOL. XX III. England, men employed on the railroads of.. 44 imports of corn, &c., into................ England’s best customer, the United S tates... English merchants and Spanish beggars........ Europe, stocks of tobacco in ............................ Exhibition of works of industry of all nations 138 108 451 135 108 127 F. Fabrics of cotton, im pr’ment in man’fact’res of 682 Fall River Railroad........................................... 567 Finances of England........................................ 456 44 Hanoverian government............... 122 44 British government....................... 229 44 San Francisco................................ 336 44 British East India.......................... 338 Financial progress of Great Britain................ 334 Florida, Cape Carnaveral Shoals...... ............560 44 rocks, reefs, surveying works o n .. . . 116 44 rights of married women in ............... 527 Flour, inspection of, in A lbany....................... 112 44 inspections and guarantees................. 662 44 44 at Richmond.................. 546 Forest, exports of products ofj from U. S ........ 95 France, railway traffick in ................................. 692 44 manufacture of leather in ................... 132 Frauds in use of stamps and labels................. 434 Free Trade vs. Protective Tariffs..................... 79 French railways, statistical view of................ 125 Freight rates from Cincinnati to New Orleans 545 44 44 P ittsb u rg .... 545 Funded debt of Maryland................................. 222 G. Georgia, tariff of freight on railroads of.......... 222 44 St. Andrews Shoals, coast of............. 357 44 taxation in ........................................... 452 Gold mines of California, (Prof. Tucker’s). . . . 19 44 and silver metals, statistics of 163, 171, 270, 283 44 deposits of, at U. Staies Mint.................. 335 44 production of, mines in the U ral........... 129 44 coins, description of recent counterfeit. 223 44 coinage of U. States Mint, Philadelphia. 235 *l California, in London.............................. 686 44 region, theory of the California.............. 687 44 diggings for, in California....................... 684 44 dust of California...................................... 336 44 value o f..................................................... 338 44 export of, from California....................... 554 44 new and rapid method of refining.........555 44 coins, deterioration o f............................ 555 44 and silver glass........................................ 576 Glass, manufacture of gold and silver............ 576 44 trade of Great Britain.............................. 584 Grain, legal weight of........................................ 463 Gray on the nature and use of m oney............ 514 Great Britain, raw materials entered for con sumption in ............................ 334 44 progress of........................ .......334 44 revenue of..................... 674 44 ships, ro’ds, railw’s, & caul’s in 692 44 efforts of, to stop the sl’ve tr’d of 700 Great sailing circle.............................................. 231 V Guiana, British, tariff of...................................... 217 Gulf Stream, a theory of.......... 1........................ 471 Gutta percha, some account of........................241 II. Hamburg, full statistics of commerce of.. .177-188 44 account of Bank of.......................... 119 44 receipts of cotton a t........................ 660 Hanoverian government, finances o f................ 122 Harbor of Astoria, Oregon................................. 358 History of first ste’ms’p that crossed the Atl’t’c 693 44 of banking, Lawson’s ........................... 641 44 of British panics..................................... 604 Hudson and Berkshire Railroad....................... 470 Hydrometers for Custom-houses...................... 644 I. Irbit, early and present trade of...................... 701 Illinois, mineral riches of................? :.............. 130 44 rights of married women in .......... 526 Imports, appraisement o f................................... 665 Increase of cotton mills in the W est............... 687 India, freedom of coasting trade of................. 113 44 rubber buffers and springs................... 133 44 East, Company, finances of......................338 Indiana, counterfeits on Bank of...................... 123 44 rights of married women in .............. 526 44 legal weight of grain in ...................... 463 Industrial progress of the United States........343 Influence of commerce....................................... 632 Insurance, Massachusetts Life, Co..................... 331 Interest, Currency, •Production......................... 519 44 of money..................................... 52, 295 Internal improvements in State of New York, 259,283, 497, 614 Invention, statistics of........................................ 576 Ireland, silver mines of.................................... 246 Iron, application of hot air to smelting of. . . . 131 44 mountain in Wisconsin........................... 346 44 import of, into United S ta te s.................. 448 44 manufacture of........................................... 463 44 improvement in the manufacture o f.. . . 468 44 for ship-building......................................... 686 K . Kasan, trade in tea a t......................................... Kentucky, rights of married women in ........... 44 debts and finances of..................... Kersengen Artesian salt springs........................ L. 702 521 676 678 Lace merchant’s d o g ................................. 474 Law schools, establishment of, in the S o u th .. 135 44 44 in the South and W e s t............. 475 Leather, manufacture of varnished................... 132 44 improvement in tanning......................468 Life boats, registered safety............................... 232 Light-house at Nord Koster.......................... 357 44 in the Gulf of Pozznoli.....................473 44 at Algeciras, change in th e ........... 559 44 on the eastern coast of Sw eden.. 559 Light-houses........................................................ 116 Light, Burnham, British Channel..................... 696 London and Westminster Bank, condition of. 232 vi INDEX TO VOL. XX III. London, commercial life in ............................... 44 tricks in trade i n ................................ 44 world’s convention in 1851 a t............ 44 provision m arket................................ 44 milliners and dress-makers of............ 44 building for world’s convention i n . . Louisiana, production of sugar, &c., in .......... 44 rights of married women in .......... Lumber trade of Pensacola.............................. Locomotives, smoke consumers for............... Lead, Pennsylvania........................................... Lowell, stoppage of looms a t........................... Lawson’s history of banking............................ Legislative history of corporations in N. York M. Maine, rights of married women i n ............... Mail steamers, United States............................ Manchester and Lawrence Railroad............... Manufacture of pegged boots and shoes.......... 44 44 gold and silver g la s s .............. 44 44 port w in e ................................ 44 44 cotton goods............................. Manufacturer in distressed circumstances___ 44 statistics of Providence, (R. I.) *4 in A frica.................................... 44 effect of, in producing wealth.. 44 of Birmingham........................... 44 44 C incinnati............................... Marine and naval architecture......................... Marine painting, Marsh’s .................................. Married women, rights of property of............ Maryland, law of, touching property of mar ried women..................................................... Massachusetts State Life Insurance Co........... *4 railroads, statistics o f ............... 44 annual production of................ 44 fisheries o f .................................. 44 railroad dividends of................ Maryland, funded debt of................................. Maury’s sailing directions................................ Mint, U. S., deposits and coinage at N. Orleans 44 rate of charges at..................................... 44 profits of British....................................... Mississippi, rights of married women in ........ Missouri, rights of married women in ............. Mobile, cotton factory in .................................. Mobile and Ohio Raiload.................................. Molasses, duties illegally paid o n ..................... Money, the use and abuse of............................. 44 interest o f .............................. 52, 295, Motive power, new, for railways..................... Mozambique channel, shoal i n ....................... Milliners and dress-makers of London............ Marine steam navigation for 1851................... Merchant, English, anecdote of a n ................. 44 French, and the Spaniard............... 44 character of the Spanish................ 44 value of knowledge to ...................... 44 ship, a m ammoth............................. Merchants’ convention at Charleston............. 699 Mercantile Law, Journal of.............................. 43 362 197, 312, 432, 534, 646 127 44 Miscellanies 134, 2^3,359, 473,579, 697 000 4* Library Associations...................... 134 685 *4 marine bill, British............ .......... 534 580 Michigan, rights of married women in ............ 526 345 Mining and Manufactures, Journal of............. 127 52 241, 342, 463, 570. 677 449 Mineral riches of Illinois.................................. 130 688 44 resources of Nicaragua....................... 683 989 44 lands of Lake Superior....................... 677 689 Mines, California gold........................................ 69 641 44 in Central America.............................. 680 610 N. Nautical intelligence. ..114, 231, 357, 471, 559, 694 Navigation in United States, statistical view 525 of in 1849 .................................. 95 350 44 comparative, o fL ’don, Livp’l, &c. 336 471 44 of Columbia river,......................... 358 574 44 of port of New O rleans................ 539 576 Nature and use of m oney.................................. 514 684 Navy, British m ercantile.................................. 137 679 Needles, manufacture of...................................... 345 578 Newark, N. J., valuation of property of.......... 459 47 New Bedford, valuation of property o f .......... 459 572 New Hampshire, rights of married women in. 525 131 44 44 railroad law of..................... 351 678 New Orleans, statistics of trade and com’ce of 536 44 44 prices of produce at.................... 539 683 44 44 produce received a t .................. 659 310 44 44 condition of banks of........ 465, 676 360 44 44 first arrival at, from C alcutta... 561 649 44 44 cotton regulations of................... I l l 44 44 branch mint, coinage a t............ 454 649 4 4 44 statistics of cotton & tobacco for 331 twenty-nine years at............... 658 349 488 New York, criminal and civil codes of........... 67 44 44 homestead exemption law ............. 85 487 44 44 imports and exports of.................. 91 126 44 44 bank dividends, etc....................... 89 553 44 44 city banks, condition of................ 228 114 44 44 amendments of banking law o f .. 336 454 44 44 law relating to passenger vessels. 340 457 4 4 4 4 canal tolls in ................................... 350 553 44 44 condition of banks o f .................... 117 527 •4 44 law relating to use of false stamps 345 527 44 44 & Erie Railroad, fri’ght carried on 439 346 4 4 44 commerce of.................................... 444 688 44 44'auction sales a t................................ 450 666 44 44 condition of banks of State of . . . 464 396 44 44 rights of married women i n ......... 524 508 44 44 imports and exports of................... 657 690 44 44 synopsis of bank laws of State of. 614 116 44 44 legislative history of corp’tions in 610 685 44 44 prices of merchandise in ............... 661 689 44 44 rise, progress, and present con 134 dition of internal improvement in 259, 137 383, 497, 614 138 697 Nicaragua, treaty with the United States......... 109 44 commercial decree of...................... 113 702 44 ship canal by lake............................ 126 702 INDEX TO VOL. XX III. VII Nicaragua, mineral resources o f ......................... 683 Nophitsch’s exploring expedition.................... 406 Nord Coster, light-house on inland of............. 351 Novelty iron Works............................................. 463 Postage, the argument for c h ea p ..................... 359 Pozznoli, Naples, new light in the Gulf o f.. . . 473 Production—Currency—Interest..................... 516 Profits of the British mint moneyers............... 553 Providence, R. L, statistics of manufactures in 247 O. 44 44 valuation of property o f... 459 Ocean, tides of th e ............................................... 147 44 winds and currents of........................... 114 Prussia, railroads in, to end of 1849................ 569 Ohio, act of, in regard to usury of banks........234 Punctuality, importance o f ............•..................361 44 conditions of banks of............................ 548 IS . 44 homestead exemption law o f ............... 84 Railroad, Alabama and T ennessee................. 233 w law of, relating to corporators............. 461 44 Androscoggin and Kennebec.......... 469 u rights of married women in....................526 44 Baltimore and Ohio........................... 691 Oil, exports of, from United States................. 328 44 44 44 Susquehanna............691 Oporto wines, export duties on......................... 219 44 Boston and Worcester, statistics o f . 125 Opium trade, history, extent and effect of .28, 146 44 Canal, and Steamboat statistics.... 123 Oregon, new channel at the m outh of Colum 233, 347,458, 562, 688 bia R iv e r........................................... 560 44 Fall R iver............................................ 567 44and California collection districts______665 44 from Toledo to Chicago...................... 586 Ores brought to Swansea, Wales..................... 345 44 Hartford, New Haven & Springfield 560 P. Panics, history of British.................................... 604 Passages of Atlantic stea m e rs......................... 238 Passage of Steamer W ashington..................... 351 Passenger vessels coming to city of New York 30 Passport regulations through France and Bel gium ................................................................. 221 Patents, actions for infringement o f ............... 433 Patentees, right o f ............................................. 433 Pearl fishery of Ceylon...................................... 473 Pennsylvania, rights of married women in. .. . 526 44 cir’lat’n small notes of banks of 459 44 State debt of............................... 457 44 copper and le a d ........................ 687 Pens, early history of, in England................... 246 Pensacola, lumber trade o f .............................. 449 Periwinkle trade................................................. 360 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail- 351 ro ad ........................................... 351 44 exhibition of American manu factures, a t................................. 467 44 foreign commerce o f.................. 580 44 U. S. Mint and Treasurer at . . 675 Philosophy of advertising................................ 580 Pittsburg, steanr boats built a t ......................... 470 Plaster trade of Nova Scotia............................ 425 Platina, production of, in the Ural Mountain. 129 Porcelain buttons, manufacture o f ................. 678 Precious metals, coins and bank-notes, essay o n .............................................................. 159, 270 Prices of cotton and cotton fabrics................. 108 Postal arrangement between France and Eng land ....................................................................221 Produce received at New Orleans......................659 Property, rights of married women to ... 524, 646 Power and influence of com m erce................. 632 Paris, stock exchange of.................................... 666 44 California mania in ................................. 698 Prussia, commercial reciprocity between Uni ted States a n d .............................. . 662 44 ridiculous trade legislation of............701 Prices of merchandise in New York............... 661 Price of mineral lands, Lake Superior............ 677 Port wine, manufacture of.................. 686 44 Hudson and Berkshire...................... 470 44 law of New Hampshire...................... 352 44 trafflck in France..................................692 44 management in England and U. S.. 236 44 Manchester and L aw rence.................471 44 Mobile and O hio..................................688 44 New York and Erie, trafflck of . . . . 469 44 Philadelphia and Baltimore............. 351 44 Providence and Worcester............... 347 44 stocks, Connecticut law relating to . 565 44 statistics of Boston and Maine......... 239 Railroads in Prussia to the end of 1849 .......... 569 44 how they should be managed.......... 188 44 men employed on English............... 138 44 new motive power for........................ 690 44 etc., in Great Britain........................... 692 44 revenue of British............................... 241 44 of Massachusetts, statistics o f.. 104, 349 Railways of Massachusetts, E. H. D krby,. . . . 203 Reef, Florida, surveying work o n ................... 116 Regulations in regard to b u o y s......................... 695 Rio Grande, port regulations of......................... 462 Rhode Island, condition of banks o f.............. 331 Rio Janeiro, import of coffee into U. S. from. 451 44 exports of coffee from ................. 451 Revenue, United States Post-office................. 670 44 of Great Britain in 1849 and 1850.. 674 Russia, production of precious metals in . . . . 127 44 mines of Southern................................ 702 44 tea-smuggling in .......................................583 S. Salesmen and saleswomen in stores............... 248 Savings Bank and Friendly Society, B ritish.. 131 Salvage case, a curious...................................... 362 San Francisco, city finances............................ 356 44 bay and its improvements.. . . 561 44 rocks at entrance o f ................. 358 Scotch Exchange Banks.................................... 337 Scotland, consumption of spirits i n ............... 586 Seas, depths of European................................. 232 Sea, export of product of, from U. S............... 95 Ships’ boats, improvement in lowering......... 476 Ships and roads in Great Britain..................... 692 V lll INDEX TO VOL. X X III. Ships, adjusting compasses of iron................. 694 Tobacco, trade, statistics of.............................. 94 44 stocks of leaf in Europe................... 108 Ship, a mammoth m erchant............................. 702 44 exports of, from New Orleans.......... 537 Shoals.................................................................. 116 “ passage over the bar of tbe riv e r... 150 “ Cape C arnaveral...................................... 560 Trade with the West Indies............................. 428 44 legislation in Prussia.............................. 701 Signals, system of night.................................... 356 “ at Erbit, early and present..................... 701 Silver in Ural Mountains.................................. 129 Trader’s method of selling off........................... 474 “ mines of Irela n d ..................................... 246 Treasury circulars.......................................663, 666 “ operation of Assistant in N. York. 535 “ value of..................................................... 338 “ notes outstanding in the U. States, Slave labor in cotton factories......................... 575 227 556 u trade, British efforts to stop th e............. 700 Treaty between U. States and Chili.............. .’ 341 South Carolina, product of cotton planta’n in 107 Treaties, commercial......................................... 109 U. 44 condition of banks of............227 44 cultivation of tea i n ............. 579 Union—the, br’f rev’w of the past and present 372 United States, condit’n of b’nks in the 725, 670, 674 Soap trade of E n g lan d ......................................446 44 charges at the Mint of............... 457 Spanish bond-holders, meeting of..................... 229 44 statis’l view of com., 1848-9. 95, 209 44 commerce of each State of___ 325 44 mercantile ch aracter........................... 138 44 exports of provisions from___ 207 Spain, commercial code o f.........................199, 312 44 England’s best customer............451 Spirits, consumption of in Scotland................. 586 44 failures of banks in .................... 676 Steamboats, description of North & East River 239 44 general condition of banks in.. 552 44 imp’ts of for’gn merch’dise into 209 44 built at Pittsburg in 1849 & 1850 407 44 44 cloths &c., into.......... 660 44 44 44 Cincinnati........................ 469 44 44 of iron into.................. 448 Steamboat navigation of Cincinnati................ 469 44 44 of coffee... ................ 329 44 industrial progress of................. 343 Steamers, passage of the A tlan tic................... 238 4 4 issues of papers to vessels of.. 339 Steam apparatus, n e w ...................................... 232 44 laws affecting rights of property 44 navigation for 1850 .............................. 689 44 in States of the...................... 524 44 Mint, coinage of......................... 355 Steamship, first that crossed the A tlantic___ 693 44 receipts and expenditures of.. 674 St. Domingo, anchorage on coast of............... 696 44 trade between Brazil and.......... 547 St. Lawrence, navigation o f............................. 24 44 r’gulat’s relat'g to vessels in ___ 460 44 Treasury circulars to Collectors St. Andrews’ shoals, coast of G a ...................... 357 663. 666, 220, 336 Stock, transfer of U. S. on foreign account___ 87 44 44 notes o u tsta n d in g .... 554 44 six per cent of 1875................................ 94 44 treaty between Chili a n d ......... 341 44 Exchange of Paris.................................. 986 44 44 with N icaraugua........... 109 44 with Sardinia, commercial re Stoppage of looms at L ow ell............................. 686 lations of................................. 664 Sugar, improvement in manufacture o f ........681 United Kingdom, British bank circulation... 33i 44 duties illegally paid o n ......................... 666 44 emigration from .................... 70 44 and molasses, duties o n........................ 220 Usury laws, &., &c.....................................296, 508 44 of Ohio, restraining..................... 23q 44 production, Sechin L ousiana............. 245 V. 44 imports of into United States,__ _ 329 Value of cotton manufactures exported.......... 466 44 &, molasses, exports of from N. Orleans 538 44 gold and silver.................................... 338 44 sea birds to marriners........................ 232 44 production and consumption through 44 commerc’l knowl’ge to the merch’nt 697 out the w orld.................................... 216 Vanilla of the Island of Bourbon..................... 248 Supercargoes, Spanish................................ 199, 312 Varnished leather, manufacture of.................. 132 Sweden, lighthouse on eastern coast of.......... 559 Ve'vet, improvement in manufacture of........133 Swindling, ingenious system o f ......................... 249 Vessels, concerning masters of......................... 199 44 United States laws relating to........... 664 T. 44 act of United States relating to re cording conveyance of.................... 460 Talmadge, James, biography of....................... 64 44 of United States, issue of papers to.. 339 Tanning leather, improvements in ................. 468 Vermont, rights of married women in ............525 Tariff, alterations of............................................ 557 Virginia tobacco trade....................................... 546 44 of British Guiana..................................... 217 44 on Oporto w ine......................................... 219 Welland Canal, history of................................ 566 Western and Atlantic Railway......................... 468 44 of freight on Georgia Railroads............. 222 W hitney’s Railroad to the Pacific................... 123 Taxation in Georgia............................................ 452 Wine, consump. in the United K in g d o m .... 586 44 export duties on, at Oporto................... 219 Tea, consumption of in England..................... 362 and spirits, British trade in .................. 330 44 Smith’s plantation of................... 579 Wines Wisconsin, iron mountain in ............................ 346 44 smuggling in Russia.................................. 583 4* rights of married women in ..........527 44 law relating to married women in 558 44 trade of Kasan........................ 583 Women, separate rights of property of........... 524 Telegraph tariff on Morse’s line to Boston---- 341 Woolen manufactures, British exports of.___328 Texas, rights of married women in ................. 526 World’s exhibition of industry........................... 344 Tennessee 44 44 .................. 526 Y. Thames, entrance to th e .................................... 23 j Yacht, registered safety.................................... 232 Tobacco, consumption of in England............. 4798 3E» 44 receipts and expor to at N. Orleans of 65 Zollverein tariff, proposed alterations in....... 557
@FedFRASER